UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Class 5^7 Book Volume' M rlO-20M geology NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materialsl The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN D£C.0C> 2005 AUG 2 fi 20ra L161— 0-1096 / Digitized by the internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates I https://archive.org/details/petroleumnatural1190whit WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME ONE A PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS PRECISE LEVELS By I. C. WHITE, State Geologist. 557 ' ''A/7'd I A PRINTED BY THE NEW DOMINION PUBLISHING COMPANY, MORGANTOWN, W. VA. 1904. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY COMMISSION. ALBERT B. WHITE, President, Governor of West Virginia. > O q ; 7 =^ 5 cP PETER SILMAN, Treasurer. Treasurer of West Virginia. JAMES II. STEWART, Secretary and Executive Officer. Director State Agricultural Experiment Station. D. B. PURINTON, President West Virginia University. ABRAM McCULLOCII, President State Board of Agriculture. cti o 7 ^ 170 * 3 ^ ^ s SURVEY STAFF. I. C. WHITE- State Geologist. Superintendent of the Survey. G. P. GRIMSLEY, (From August 1st, 1904) Assistant Geologist. B. H. HITE, Chief Chemist. ■ RAY V. HENNEN, Engineer and Chief Clerk. MATTIE J. DAILEY, (to May 1st, 1904) Stenographer. RIETZ C. TUCKER, (since May 1st, 1904) Stenographer. LETTER OP TRANSMITTAL. To His Excellency , Albert B. White, Governor of West Virginia, and President of the Geological Survey Commission: SIR : — I have the honor to transmit herewith a supplementary Report on Petroleum and Natural Gas entitled Volume One A. The edition of Volume One on this subject had become entirely exhausted, and as the Survey received frequent requests for the same, the Com- mission authorized the publication of this supplementary volume to .supply the demand in question. Then, too, the Survey has collected many valuable records of oil and gas well borings in the several re- gions of the State, the publication of which will prove of great value not only to those connected with oil and gas developments, but also to those interested in coal, since these records give exact measurements through the several geological formations, and in a more or less ac- curate manner indicate the presence or absence of valuable coal beds, together with their depths below the surface, and approximate thickness. The publication of these records is necessary for their preservation beyond the possibility of loss as well as to place them in a form available for use, and their value to the citizens of the State both now and for the future, fully warrants the comparatively small expense of printing. In the preparation of the text of this Re- port, the previous Volume One has been drawn upon quite freely, since much of it is of ever permanent interest, but the well records with a very few exceptions, are entirely new. Those added from Penn- sylvania are published because they are contiguous to the West Vir- ginia oil fields, and tend to aid our operators in their tireless search for these buried treasures which have added so much to the wealth and prosperity of the State. The Publication Committee has con- tracted for an edition of 5.000 copies of this report, 3334 copies of which are to be bound in cloth and the remainder in paper, and the Commission has fixed the price at $1.00 per copy for the paper bind- ing, and $1.25 per co])y for the cloth, delivered free to the pur- chaser by mail or express. The receipts from the sales of publications (Vol. II, on Coal, and LETTEK OF TRANSMITTAL VII ilic new State Map issued February 1st, 1904) have been sufTicient to pay the entire cost of publication of the new State Map, as well as the expense for postage and express in the delivery of the Survey publications to the purchasers. The commission has just authorized the preparation of Vol. Ill on Clays, Limestones, and Building Stones, and elected Prof. G. P. Grimsley of Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas, as Assistant Geol- ogist, who will come to West Virginia, August 1st of this year, and take charge of the work on Volume III, which can probably be pub- lished early in 1905. It is hoped that the data given in the present volume, may lead the citizens of our state to adopt less wasteful and extravagant meth- ods of utilizing our still abundant stores of Natural Gas, and that the next Legislature will devise effective means for preventing the inexcusable waste and dissipation of this priceless heritage of the world ^s best and purest fuel. Very respectfully, I. C. WHITE, State Geologist. Morgantown, July 1st, 1904, CONTENTS Pages. Letter of Transmittal VI- VII Preface X-XI Errata XII . . . PART I. — Petroleum a7id Natural Gas. Chapter I. — Historical Sketch 1- 28 Chapter II. — Natural Gas 29- 44 Chapter III. — Geology of Petroleum and Natural Gas 45- 73 Chapter IV. — Oil and Gas Well Records Generalized Section of W. Va. Strata.... 74- 85 Venango, Butler, Armstrong, Allegheny, Washington, Fayette and Greene Coun- ties. Pa.. 86-133 Monongalia county 133-150 Marion i ( , . . . : 150-176 Wetzel i ( 176-213 Marshall ( ( 213-230 Ohio ( ( 230-231 Brooke 1 i 231-233 Hancock i ( 233-237 Tyler ( ( ....237-268 Pleasants (( 268-281 Doddridge it 281-304 Harrison a 304-337 Taylor i ( 337-342 Preston n 342-344 Barbour it 344-348 Upshur a, 348-353 Lewis a .353-375 Gilmer a 375-388 Braxton 1 1 388-394 Calhoun a 394-402 Ritchie it 402-445 CONTENTS IX Wood county 445-462 Wirt ' “ 462-468 Roane 468-473 Clay '' 473-475 Jackson 475-479 Mason 479-482 Putnam 482-483 Cabell ....483-496 Wayne 496-499 Boone 499-500 Kanawha . 500-501 Fayette 501-504 Summers 504-506 The Oil and Gas Horizoiib' in W. Va 506-509 Tables of Oil Gravity Tests 510-512 Chapter V. — Chemical Composition of Natural Gas Paper by Prof. Francis C. Phillips 513-552 Analyses of West Virginia Natural Gas by Prof. C. D. Howard 552-557 PART II. — Elevations Above Tide. Chapter VI. — Precise Levels. , Grafton to Parkersburg 558-560 Monongalia County ' 560-562 Preston, Monongalia, Marion and Wetzel Counties 562-565 Wetzel, Tyler, Doddridge, Harrison, Pleas ants, Ritchie, Gilmer and Braxton Coun- ties 565-574 Hancock and Brooke Counties 574-576 Brooke, Ohio, Marshall, Pleasants, Wood, Wirt and Jackson Counties 576-582 Marion, Taylor, Harrison, Barbour, Upshur, Doddridge, Gilmer, Braxton Lewis and Nicholas Counties 582-589 Kanawha. Clay, Nicholas, Fayette and Greenbrier Counties 589-615 Index to part 1 615 PREFACE For the invaluable results of the oil and gas well borings re- corded in this volume, the Survey is chiefly indebted to the ccTurtesy of the great Oil and Gas producing companies, the officers of which have kindly given full information without stint. The geologic data thus given to the citizens of our domain practically free of ex- pense, has cost the operators millions of dollars to secure, in their fruitful search with the drill. That they will spend many millions more in piercing the rocky envelope of the State for these treasures of light and fuel, goes without saying. The writer has endeavored to enlist the aid of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C., in an effort to secure more carefully kept records rendered available to geology through this enormous expenditure of money in drilling for oil and gas in West Virginia, but as yet the officers of that Institu- tion have failed to embrace this opportunity to add so immensely to the sum of human knowledge at only a small outlay in money. The great oil producing companies would most heartily co-operate in any such endeavor by giving facilities for securing samples of the drillings, making more numerous and accurate (steel line) measurements etc., but they cannot be expected to do such purely scientific work at their own expense, and entirely on their own initiative. If the survey could secure the funds to employ two men at modest salaries ($60 to $75 per month), one to attend the drill by day, and the other by night, recording measurements and securing samples from every sand pump- ing, the results thus obtained would prove of the greatest value, es- pecially in the distant future of the State, when the search for oil and gas shall have long been ended with their exhaustion, and a PREFACE XI knowledge of the State’s deeply buried coal resources shall prove of great value to her citizens. It is hoped that some means of securing and preserving such valuable data now rendered possible in so many counties, may soon be obtained before the enormous expenditures re- quired in drilling operations shall have ended forever. In the body of this volume due credit and acknowledgment are given for all records published, and while it is impossible to make formal announcement here of all who have thus aided the Survey, yet the following firms and corporations have done so much in this line, that the Survey cannot refrain from this public recognition of their aid and courtesy: The officers and employees of the Battelle Oil Co., Bendum Bros., Burt Oil Co., Cabell Oil & Gas Co., Calf Creek Oil Co., Cairo Oil Co., Carnegie Natural Gas Co., Carter Oil Co., Chartiers Oil Co., Citizens Natural Gas Co., Clark Oil Co., Delmar Oil Co., Elk River Oil & Gas Co., Elkton Oil & Gas Co., Fairmont & Grafton Gas Co., Fayette County Gas Co., Fearless Oil Co., Federal Oil Co., The Fisher Oil Co., Fort Pitt Gas Co., Gartlan Drilling Co., J. M. Guffey & Co., Hartman Oil Co., Hope Natural Gas Co., Hurricane Oil & Development Co., E. H. Jennings & Bros., Kanawha Oil Co., Mandell Oil & Gas Co., Man- ufacturers Heat & Light Co., McCalmont Oil Co., New York Petro- leum Co., Philadelphia Co., Roberts Bros., Southern Oil Co. & Fred S. Rich, South Penn Oil Co., Stumptown Oil & Gas Co., Syndicate Oil & Gas Co., Triple State Oil & Gas Co., Union Oil Co., U. S. Coal & Oil Co., U. S. Oil Co., Virginia Oil & Gas Co. and the Walton Oil & Gas Co. ERRATA Page 6, line 9 from top, for “aniamls,” read animals. “ 6, line 12 from top, for “conqueror,” read conqueror. “ 10, line 4 from top, for “ingenius,” read ingenious. ‘‘ 11, line 10 from top, for “irridescent,” read iridescent. “ 26, line 5 from top, for “riis” read runs. “ 37, line 8 from bottom for “comparee,” read compares. “ 49, line 13 from bottom for imposible,” read impossible. “ 51, line 17 from top for “vis” read viz. “ 52, line 7 from top for “hense,” read hence. “ 54, line 2 from bottom for “acumulation,” read accumulatio “ 58, line 9 from bottom for “lige,” read like. “ 226, line 16 from top for “utilzing,” read utilizing. “ 235, line 14 from top for “7 5-8,” read 5 5-8. “ 356, line 13 from top for “refered,” read referred. “ 358, line 20 from top for “Southen,” read Southern. “ 415, line 15 from top for “suspect,” read suspected. V ’ ' PA.RT I PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS CHAPTER I HISTORICAL SKETCH Volume I, of the West Virginia Geological Survey, pub- lished in 1898, was distributed gratis to whomsoever ap- plied therefor. The result was that the limited edition (3,000 copies) of the same was practically exhausted before many per- sons and libraries that make good use of such publications, could be supplied. Some of the historical matter printed in that volume is of such pc'rjiiaucjit value to every one interested in the subjects of Petroleum and Natural Gas, that it will be (pioted • from freely in this publication for the benefit of those who could not i)rocure Volume I. The early history of petroleum and natural gas is much the same in every country where they occur. In China the util- ization of natural gas antedates authentic history. In Persia, Arabia, India, Albania, and other countries, rock oil, or pe- troleum, and its residuum, pitch, have been in use for many centuries, as attested by such writers as Aristotle, Strabo, Plu- tarch, Pliny, Marco Polo and others, while the ruins of the ancient temple of the Parsecs or Fire-worshipers at Baku, where natural gas, and petroleurp have been issuing from the earthy 2 HISTOEICAL SKETCH and bubbling up through the waters of the Caspian Sea for untold ages, simply accentuate the story of every other country. The ancient gravel pits near Titusville, Pennsylvania, show that the American Indian had some knowledge of the value of petroleum, before the white man had invaded the region, and it is quite probable that the “burning springs,” and outflows of petroleum, on the Little and Big Kanawhas, Big Sandy and other streams of West Virginia, had already attracted the at- tention of the aborigines, and that they were making use of them in their own primitive way, long before the first white settlers crossed the Alleghanies. Gen. Washington's Discovery of a Natural Gas Spring. One of the earliest records of these natural gas vents or “burning springs” is of that on the Great Kanawha, nine miles above Charleston, near the crest of the Browntown anticlinal. General Washington visited this “burning spring” in 1775, and pre-empted it along with other lands given to him for military services by the State of Virginia. In his will this natural gas wonder, together with a square acre of ground around it, was deeded to the public forever, and the following reference to its acquisition is recorded: “The tract of which the 123 acres is a moiety w^s taken up by Gen. Andrew Lewis and myself for, and on account of, a bituminous spring, which it contains, of so inflammable a nature as to burst forth as freely as spirits and is nearly as difficult to extinguish.” Drilling Machinery and Methods Invented in the Great Kanawha Valley. It is not generally known that all of the essential elements of the petroleum industry of the United States really originated in what is now West Virginia, but such is the truth of history. It was in the Great Kanawha Valley at the Salt, or Buffalo Lick, near Charleston, where, under the intelligent and sue-, cessful attempts of the Ruffner Bros. (David and Joseph) to bore down through the rocks and ascertain the source of the famous salt spring, that modern drilling tools, jars, casing, and practically all of the oil well machinery in use at the present WEST VIROTNIA GEOLOGTCAL SURVEY 3 day were invented. 'J'liese boring operations were begun by the Ttutl'iier Bi-others (David and Joseph) in 1806, and their ell'orts were crowned witli success on the 15th day of January, 1808. The story of these early drilling operations and inven- tions has been given in a detailed and interesting sketch by Dr. J. 1\ Ilale,"^^ President of the West Virginia Historical So- ciety, Charleston, W. Va., in the ‘‘Resources of West Virginia,” 1876, by M. F. Maiuy and Win. M. Fontaine, Chapter XII, pages 274-305, and as that volume i.s now out of print, the main jiortion of the chaiiter is hp‘v i*<^-oroduced, beginning wRh page 273, as follows: The Earlij Drilling Operations of David and Joseph Uiiffner in the Great Kanawha Valley. •‘The Kanawha Salt Works are situated in Kanawha county, on the Kanawha river, commencing about three miles above Charles- ton and extending up the river for several miles, on both sides. These “Licks,” as they are called, have not only been known and extensively worked from the first settlement of the valley by the whites, but have been known and used from time immemorial by the Indian tribes, and frequented by swarms of buffalo, elk, deer, and other wild animals, before the advent of the white man. In 1753, when all tliis region was an unknown wilderness, which had never been penetrated by the most adventurous white man, a party of Shawnees who dwelt upon the Scioto, in what is now Ohio, made a raid upon tlie frontier settlements of Virginia, in what is now Montgomery county. Having taken the settlers unawares, and after killing, burning and capturing prisoners, as was their cus- tom, they retreated, with their captives, down New River, Kana- wha, and Ohio, to their homes. One of these captives, Mrs. Mary Ingles who afterwards made her escape, and was returned to her friends, related that the party had stopped several days at a salt spring on the Kanawha river, rested from their weary march, killed plenty of game and feasted themselves on the fat of the land; in *I)r, Hale, who ^ave the best ell'orts ot his long: iuid busy lite to the interests of West Virginia, die wells for gas, and several were successful. Messrs. Worth & Fnglish, Tom))kins, Welch & (k)., Wm. D. Shrewsberry, J. H. Fry, and J, S. 0. Bi'ooks, got. gas wells and used the gas either alone, or in coinuiction with coal, for fiiel, in salt making. Gas was also struck in a few other Avells, but did not last long, and Avas not utilized. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 13 The first (iow of ^'iis ever struck in Kanavvlui, was as far back as ISlf), ill a well bored by Gapt. James Wilson, within the present city limits of Charleston, near the residence of (f (k Lewis, Ksq. The Captain had not i^otten as £>;'ood salt water as he expected ; blit instead of being: di scon ragged, he declared in laipgiiage emphatic, that he Avoiild have better brine or bore the well into lower regions, with higher temjieratnre. Shortly after this the augur struck a cavity which gave vent to an immense flow of gas and salt water. The gas caught fire from a grate near at hand, and blazed up with great force and brilliancy, much to the consternation of the well-borers and others. Capt. Wil- son thought it would he a reckless tempting of providence to go any deeper, and ordered the boring stopped. This well is now owned by the Charleston Gas Light Company, which at some future time contemplates re-opening it to test the gas for lighting the city. Of the many wells in the neighborhood that have furnished gas, some have stopped suddenly, and some by a slow and gradual process. Whether these stoppages have been from exhaustion of the gas, or sudden or gradual stop^iage of the vent-ways, has not been definitely determined. It is knoAvn, however, that in the Dickinson and Shrews- berry well, Avhich blew longer than any other, that the copper pipes in the well, and the wooden jiiiies leading to the furnace, were lined with a mineral deposit in some places nearly closing them. This de- posit has not been analyzed, but may possibly be silicate of lime. A system of torpedoing might break up these incrustations from the walls of the well and rock cavities, and start the gas again.’’ Natural Gas First Used for Manufacturing Purposes in the Kanawha Valley. From these facts as given by Dr. Hale, it will be perceiv- ed that the claim of priority for West Virginia in all of the es- sential elements of the petroleum industry of the United States, is fully sustained, for here were invented practically all of those tools and apjiliances without which the deep drilling of the present day Avould be impossible. This record also shows that the use of natural gas for manufacturing jjurposes was first begun within the United States by Mr. Tompkins of the Kanawha Valley, a utilization which now plays such an im- l)ortant part in industr*ial alfairs, and which is destined to continue until the age of gas is fully inaugurated, and the general use of coal in its crude or unmanufactured condition is abandoned in all populous communities. The extravagant methods which have characterized the first decade of the re- 14 HISTOEICAL SKETCH cunt greatly increased use oi natural gas, will have been large- ly compensated for, should they finally lead to the use of cohe instead of coal, and to the saving of the gas for fuel and genera.; heating purposes which is now lost in our wasteful and unscien- tific coke ovens of the bee-hive pattern. Petroleum Discovered in the Early tSalt Borings. In these early salt boivings on the Great Kanawha, con- siderable quantities of petroleum were often found in the sands of the Coal Measures (Pottsville series,) and much of it was utilized in oiling machinery and for torch lights, while many barrels of it were transi)orted and sold to other regions. The methods of boring invented on the Kanawha soon spread to adjoining States, especially to Ohio, where in the Muskingum region, efforts to secure brine for salt manufac- ture, led to discoveries of petroleum and natural gas, just as they had previously done on the Great Kanawha. Dr. Hildreth’s Account of the Early Petroleum Industry. Very fortunately for science, a learned and accomplished physician, who was also one of the pioneer geologists of Ohio, Dr. S. P. Hildreth, resided at Marietta during the early period in petroleum history, and he has left a carefully written ac- count of these drilling operations and their results from which we get a glimpse of the beginning of the petroleum industry in Ohio, and by inference therefrom, its previous history in what is now West Virginia. This article was published in the American Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. X, New Haven, Connecticut, February, 1826, pages 1-8 inclusive, under the title of ‘‘Pacts relating to certain parts of the State of Ohio,” by S. P. Hildreth, M. D. After speaking of limestone that is thick and abundant, he continues on page 4 as follows : Below these beds of limestone you pass through a stratum of cday, sometimes of fossil coal; this is of various depths in different j^arts of the county*; after which you come to that vast and exten- sive bed of rock, which underlies the country from the Allegliany mountains to the Mississippi river, for aught I have heard. Tlie thickness of this rock has never been ascertained, but at the depth of from 150 to 400 feet, this rock is strongly impregnated with salt and if on boring to that depth you are so fortunate as to hnd water, I believe that water invariably holds in solution a greater or less Washington county. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUREVY 15 quantity of the muriate of soda. Two attempts at borin^^ for salt •water have been made in tliis county. The first was made two or tliree years since, al)out 40 miles from Marietta, near tlie Muskin- gum i-iver; they pi’oceeded to the depth of about 200 feet, and their prosj^ects of obtaining 'water rather diminishing than increasing, they gave up the work. The other trial is now making, on the waters of Little Muskingum creek, about 12 miles from Marietta. It is two years since they began to bore, working at it only in the summer and autumnal months. They have penetrated the rock to the depth of 300 feet, and have as yet found no salt water; but the cattle are very fond of licking the fine dust of the rock, which comes up on the drills in the form of mud, which is an evidence that it contains salt, 'fhere is a continual discharge of carbonated hydrogen gas from the well ; and also from the bed of the creek on which the well is situated, at various places for the distance of half a mile. This gas is high- ly inflammable, and where there is a free discharge of it, it will take fire on the surface of the water, on the application of a lighted stick, or the flash of a gun, and continue burning for days, unless put out by a heavy shower or a high wind. It was this discharge of gas that induced the present proprietors to search for salt water. It being in- variably found, to accompany all the salt water of any consequence, that has been discovered in the western country.''^' ‘It is this discharge of gas that brings the salt water from such vast depths in the bowels of the earth, to the surface. And where water has been discovered, and the supply of gas has failed, the water has immediately sunk in the well, and could not, by any means used, be brought again to the top of the well. They commonly bore, at the wells of Little Muskingum, to the depth of 400 to 500 feet, unless salt water is found before they reach that distance. They are encouraged then to continue, from their knowledge of the depth at which others obtained very good water, on the west branch of Duck Creek, four or five miles above the line of Washington, in Guernsey county. They have sunk two wells which are now more than 400 feet in depth. One of them affords a very strong and pure water, but not in great quantity. The other dis- charges such vast quantities of petroleum, or as it is vulgarly called, ^^Seneka Oil,” and besides is subject to such tremendous explosions of gas, as to force out all the water, and afford nothing but gas for several days, that they make but little or no salt. Nevertheless the petroleum affords considerable profit, and is beginning to be in de- mand for lamps, in workshops and manufactories. It affords a clear, brisk light when })urnt this way, and will be a valuable article for lighting the street lamps in the future cities of Ohio.” ‘‘The rock in which these wells are sunk is of various density and composition. In some places for one or two feet the workmen can gain only an inch or perhaps half an inch in a day, and then they ‘Evidciitly^refcrrini? to tlie.Grcat Kuiiiiwhu Valley.— 1. C. W. 16 HISTOEICAL SKETCH have their drills to sharpen every few minutes; the rock is so much harder than the hardest steel that it is very difticult to get a drill to stand it at all. At other places in the rock they penetrate from one to two feet in a day. In this course of drilling they often pass through as many as three or four layers of fossil coal, at various depths in the rock; and it is generally the fact, that immediately after the salt water ap- pears, they pass a stratum of stone coal of considerable thickness^ Ijerhaps six or eight inches.’’ Early Use of Petroleum Shown by Dr. Hildreth. This interesting account, it must be remembered, was pub- lished in 1826, and as may be seen from the same, petroleum was then coming into general use for illuminating purposes in the region. Now, as it is well known that the well borers of Ohio learned their art in the Great Kanawha Valley many years before (1806-1820) where much petroleum had been found in boring for salt, and utilized in the same manner as on the Muskingum, it can readily be seen that the Great Kanawha Valley region of West Virginia (then a part of Virginia) was the real pioneer in the discovery of petroleum by boring, and that it, as well as natural gas, was first utilized on a commer- cial scale in the Kanawha Valley; so that the account which Dr. Hildreth has left concerning the discovery and use of petroleum on the Muskingum might have been written fifteen years earlier for the Great Kanawha, had the geologist lived at Charleston instead of Marietta. As a matter of fact Dr. Hildreth did visit the Great Kanawha, as well as the Little Kanawha region soon after 1826, for in 1836 he published a long paper in the American Journal of Science, Vol. 29, entitled ^^Observations on the Bituminous Coal Deposits of the Valley of the Ohio,” in which on page 121 he describes the petroleum found in the salt wells near Charleston, the oil and gas on the Big Sandy (page 129,) and the oil pits on Hughes River (page 86.) In another paper published in Vol. 24 of the same jour- nal, in 1833, “On the Saliferous Rock Formations in the Val- ley of the Ohio,” page 46, he describes one of the earliest oil wells of the country, drilled in 1814, and located on the land of Mr. McKee, on Duck Creek. This well had been bored for salt water, and at a depth of 475 feet (evidently in the Dunk- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 17 ard or Cow Iliin Sand) had struck a Howing oil well, which at first produced a large quantity of oil, “flowing 30 to 60 gallons at each eruption, but now (1833) only one barrel week- ly.” Little Kanawha, Hughes Rive?', ete. The Little Kanawha river and its principal tributary, the Hughes, have also played very important parts in the early petroleum history of the country. A prominent anticlinal axis crosses the Great Kanawha near the “burning spring,” and probably the same uplift ex- tending to the north across the Little Kanawha, the Hughes, the Ohio, and up into the IMuskingum region, develops a line of ‘^burning” and peU'oleimi ‘‘springs” throughout its course, so that the Little Kanawha also had its “hurnmg springs,” as well as the Great Kanawha. Where this arch crosses Hughes river near the California House, two miles below the junction of the North and South Forks, it brings one of the “shallow sand” oil rocks (Dunkard) above drainage level, and the oil seepage from this and the underlying beds had long ago filled the flood plain sands and clays with oil. Just when this surface deposit of oil was first observed, and collected, we have no authentic account, but probably from the earliest settle- ment of the region by the whites, and possibly earlier still by the aborigines. As related above, it was first described by Dr. Hildreth in 1836, who states that 50 to 100 barrels were collect- ed and sold during each season, even at that early day, and hence the industry must have existed for many years before. Early Oil Operations of Mr. Oeorge S. Lemon, on Hughes River. 3'he flood plain deposits or river sands which held the oil were situated on the right bank of the stream, and the first settlers dug pits into them, washed out the oil, and collected it with cloths and in other primitive ways for the markets at Parkersburg, Marietta, Cincinnati and elsewhere. One of the early operators engaged in the business of collecting and marketing this “mud oil,” as it was called, of whom we have an authentic account, was George S. Lemon, who came from eastern Virginia in 1835 and settled at the forks of the Hughes 18 HISTOKICAL SKETCH river. I^he oil deposits two itiiles below W(Te well known at that time, aiid Mr. Lemon soon began the business of collecting and selling the oil. In his employ was an intelligent mulatto nam- ed llugill, or llugle, who had learned the well-borer’s art on the Great Kanawha, and being in need of salt, Mr. Lemon concluded to sink a well for brine on the left bank of Hughes River, and 300 yards above the oil pit diggings, at a locality where he had noticed cattle licking the rocks. Aided by the inventive genius of Hugill, Mr. Lemon rigged up an arrange- ment for drilling the well bj^ water power (probably the first of its kind in the country,) and thus the hole was soon drilled to a considerable depth, or to something over 100 feet, as re- membered by Mr. Albert Lemon (son of George S.,) where a flow of salt water, oil and gas was struck. This was in 1844 according to Mr. Albert Lemon, and the oil rendering the salt water useless, the inventive talent of Llugill was again drawn upon. Through his assistance, Mr. Lemon perfected a siphon arrangement for automatically removing the water from the trough into which the well flowed, and in this manner about one barrel of oil was daily saved from the well, and added to the supply from the sand pits. This was termed ‘‘sand oil,” and was found to command a price higher in the markets, by five cents per gallon, than the “mud oil” from the sand dig- gings. The well continued to flow about once daily for a con- siderable time, but whether it was ever pumped for oil or not, after it ceased to flow, the accounts are conflicting. It was located about 150 yards from the mouth of Flint run, and the old timbers of the dam for water power, and the rocks between which the water turned the wheel may still be seen in situ, just under a modern well which now obtains its supply of oil from the upper portion of the “Salt Sand” at a depth of 600 feet. Soon after Mr. Lemon had begun to market the oil from the pits and profits were accumulating therefrom, a question arose between him and Mr. Bushrod W. Creel concerning th(i title to the land on which the oil x)its were situated. It api)ears to have been settled in favor of Mr. Creel, since we find his name on the books and records of the firm of Bosworth, Wells & Co., of Marietta, Ohio, as a seller of petroleum. A trans- cript from these old books which are in the possession of Mr. Tasker W, Bosworth, has been kindly furnished by the late WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 10 ]\rr. F. W. IMiiisluiil oT jind ;is it posscsst's riiucli liis- toric iijt(‘ivst, is ^•iveii herewith as roliows: Ti'a nsactions in J*cl rolcum of llosworlli, Wells it’ Co., Mariclld, Ohio, icilk Bash rod W. Creel, Hughes River, West Va. SALES OF PETROLEUM. J. Sclioonmacher, Tittsbiirg, Pa. October, 1848, Seneca oil $ 149.00 H. G. Farrell & Co., Peoria, 111. October, 1848, Seneca oil $ 89.95 July, 1849, Seneca oil 108.00 September, 1850, Seneca Oil 230.00 December, 1855, Seneca Oil 1231.00 Canby & J-Iatcb, Baltimore Md. 1851, Seneca Oil 78.05 E. II. Stabler & Co., Baltimore, Aid. 1851, Seneca Oil $ 161.00 December, 1857, Seneca Oil 3080.13 B. A. Fahnestock & Co., Pittsbin-g', Pa. Alay, 1849, Seneca Oil $ 120.00 Philadel|)liia Pa., sales. 1851, 1). Jayne & Son 30.22 Geo. I). Wetlierell 155.00 J. Gilbert & (.N) 70.00 Samuel F. Trolli & Co 15.00 E. & C. Varnell & Co 25.00 Eyiin, Smith & Co 107.30 1800, 15-ench, Ilichai’d & ('o 1000. 00 New Yoi'k Sales. 1851, llaviland, Ilarral & liisley $ 190.00 Joseph E. Tri[)i)e 71.00 M. Ward & Co 350.00 1852, Olcolt, McKesson & Robins 55.35 A. G. Bragg & Co 1804.00 llaskill, Alei-rick & Bull 50.00 1854, McKesson & Robins 394.00 185(5, Hall, Dixon & Co 731.00 20 HISTORICAL SKETCH Thomas W. Clark 357.00 1857, Scheiffelm Bros. & Co 130.00 Barnes & Park 82.65 G. W. Westbrook 136.35 Babcock & Co 60.00 St. Louis, Mo., Sales. April, 1852, Charles, Blow & Co $ 306.80 Cincinnati, Ohio, Sales. 1853, Burdsall & Bros $1507.00 Chicago Sales. 1855, E. M. Wells $ 239.00 1856, E. M. Wells 132.00 ^‘The purchases from Bushrod W. Creel of Hughes River, W. Va., began in 1847 and continued regularly up to 1860. The price paid Creel from the beginning of the trade up to 1857, was 33 cents per gallon, delivered at Marietta, 0. From 1857 to 1860 he was paid 40 cents per gallon. The following entries taken from the credit side of the account with Mr. Creel, show the quantity purchased and the price at times named : ^ ’ January, 1855, 24 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. May, 1855, 9 barrels at 33 cents per gallon. June, 1855, 29 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. July, 1855, 22 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. < August, 1855, 32 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. ' September, 1855, 27 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. [ October. 1855, 29 barrels, at 33 cents per gallon. | ; November, 1857, 72 barrels, at 40 cents per gallon. ' December, 1857, 153 barrels at 40 cents per gallon. There were, of course, petroleum sales from the Hughes river region, as well as from the Great Kanawha, to many other parties, but the transactions with Bosworth, Wells & Co., are the only ones yet discovered, of which a written record has been preserved. These records are of much historic inter- est, since taken in connection with th« petroleum discoveries in the salt borings on the Great Kanawha as early as 1808, as given by Dr. Hale, and those on the Muskingum, described by Dr. Hildreth in 1826, they show conclusively that a large (for the time) commercial business in petroleum was already in ex- isteuce in Virginia and Ohio both from drilled wells and smd WEST VIIKJINIA GEOLOGlOAli SURVEY 21 pits, lonj? before Col. Drake had completed (28th of August, 1859,) near Titusville, Pa., the first well bored specially for petroleum, and that, therefore. West Virginia should at least share with Pennsylvania the honor and credit of originating the great petroleum industries, and especially so in view of the fact that practically all well boring tools, methods of casing, drilling and pumping wells, were invented by citizens of what is now West Virginia. Method of Pumping Several Wells from a Central Power Sta- tion, Invented by W. C. Stiles, Jr., of Volcano, W. Va. The method of coupling several wells together and pump- ing all from one central power plant, thus enabling the pro- ducer to operate very small wells at a profit, was invented by the late Mr. W. C. Stiles, Jr., of Volcano, Wood county, W. Va., in 1874, and first applied in the Volcano field, where as many as forty wells were sucessfully operated by one engine under the superintendence of only one man. Mr. Stiles got the idea from seeing power transmitted by wire cables in Philadelphia, his former home, and his inventive genius successfully applied the same principle to the pumping of oil wells. Drilling Operations of the Brothers Rathhone, at Burning Springs, on the Little Kanawha. A small stream known as Burning Springs Run enters the right bank of the Little Kanawha river, 41 miles above the latter’s mouth. The run was so named by the first settlers from the fact that natural gas came up in a sulphur or chaly- beate spring, about one-half mile up the stream from its mouth, in such quantity that it could be set on fire over a space of several feet square. There were two of these springs, one known as the “Big” spring, and the other as the “Little” one. These phenomena early attracted the attention of capitalists, and in 1842 the brothers Rathbone came to Parkersburg from New York, and soon after purchased a tract of land containing 1,000 acres covering the region along Burning Springs run^ apd including the springs themselves. 22 HISTOllIGAL SKETCH Salt was tlieii one of the articles of commerce which on account of its scarcity, commanded a high i)rice, and there was mncli profit, in its manufacture. Because natural gas springs (X'.curred on the Great Kanawha, Muskingum and in other localities where good brines had been found, the Rathbone brothers concluded it would be possible to find good salt produc- ing brines on their 1,000 acre tract. Hence soon after the pur- chase was consummated, arrangements were made to sink a well for salt, and it was located on the left bank of the Little Kanawha., 100 yards l)elow the mouth of Burning Springs run. At a de])th of 250 feet so much oil was obtained (from the Cow Run or Dunkai*d Sand,) that further attempts to find salt water were abandoned, and since the '^gum” or conductor was left in the hole, the oil would rise to the top (as the hole was full of water) from which it was skimmed and sold. This old salt well was the first in the State to be pumped for oil alone, since soon after Col. Drake drilled his famous well near Titus- ville, Pa., the Rathbone salt well was leased and put to pump- ing. This was late in the fall of 1859, and it produced several barrels daily. First Well Drilled for Oil in West Virginia. The first well within the the boundaries of the State, drilled solely for })etroleum. Avas also on the Rathbone ti*act, and lo- cated on Burning Springs run, a shoj*t distance (one-fourth mile) from its mouth. The well was drilled by the Rathbones and others from Parkersburg, and was begun late in the year 1859. Since the well was drilled with a ‘‘s])ring pole” it was not completed until about the 1st of May, 1860, when at a depth of 303 feet oil wns encountered in the C(W Run or Dunkard sand, which produced at the rate of 100 barrels daily. The Rathbone tract was then sold to the Rafhbone Oil Co. for a large sum, and the second well, finislied by this Company late in the year 1860, came in at the rate of 40 or 50 barrels per hour at a dei)th of onl,y 300 feet. These two Avells b]*ought the West Virginia oil territory into great prominence, and the de- velopments followed so rapidly that the foianer village soon had a population of several thousand people, repeating the his- WEST VTIKUNIA GEOLO(iICAL STTRVEY 23 tory of gold minium' (‘{iiiips, ;ind rich Tniri(3ral discoveries in otlier reg’ions. Destruction of the Burning Springs Petroleum Industry. At the height of this development in 1863, Gen. Jones of tlie Confederate forces appeared n])on the scene, with his com- mand of 3,000 cavalrymen, and setting fire to the oil accnmn- lated in tanks, ])arrels and boats, destroyed in a day, it is es- timated, not less than 300,000 barrels of oil, and effectually frightened away the northern capitalists who had invested their money in the Burning Springs field. The burned and abandoned wells became ‘‘water-logged,” and the region never recovered from the conflagration, although some oil is still produced there, and many wells have been drilled within the last few years. Life of an Oil Well. Two or three of the Burning Springs wells drilled in 1861 to the Dunkard or Cow Enn Sand are still producing from one to two ))arrels daily, although 43 years old, and they never were large, thus showing that we do not yet know the maximum limit of life in an oil Avell. Spread, of Drilling Craze Over the State, and Failure of the Efforts to Reach the Oil Sands. Soon after the Ihirning Springs oil development began, the peti’oleiim ci’aze sp]‘(‘ad all over the State, and large sums of money were j)aid by eastern capitalists for leases on tracts of land (‘V(m far nj) in the mountain regions. Many wells wei*e dialled in several counties, or at least attempts were made to drill them, which neai*ly always ended by getting the tools fast, and the hole plugged, because the operators had not yet learned the art of dealing successfully with rocks that crumble, ()!• cave, and fall into the hole when water touches them. In the region of Titusville, Oil City, and all of north-eastern Pennsyl- vania the rocks (Sub-Carboniferous and Catskill) to be drilled through, are all hard and the walls of the wells stand firm 24 HISTOllICAL SKETCH after the holes are bored, even though drilled “wet” and full of water from top to bottom, but when the Pennsylvania drill- ers came down into West Virginia where a much higher and softer series of rocks was encountered (Permian and Coal Meas- ures,) and attempted to use the Pennsylvania methods, the re- sult in most cases was failure to sink the borings to any of the Venango County oil producing sands. Thus it happened that the oil development of West Virginia outside of the Burning Springs and Volcano “oil break” or anticlinal, was delayed for 30 years behind her sister State on the north, for except along that bold arch between the Little Kanawha and Ohio rivers there was no oil production in commercial quantity until the year 1889. The region along the “Burning Springs — Eureka” anticlinal was practically all developed during the ’60 ’s, since here the soft rocks had been lifted into the air and eroded, so that Pennsylvania conditions existed, and it was possible to sink wells there without trouble from caving walls, hence the Burning Springs, Volcano, Vaucluse, and other oil pools along this anticlinal had been developed, and practically ex- hausted before the new developments, inaugurated in 1889, had begun. Recent Petroleum History of West Virginia. The modern development of the petroleum interests of West Virginia, date from 1889. The old development which started at Burning Springs in May, 1860, had practically end- ed with defining the producing territory along the Burning Springs anticlinal, since although many “shows” of oil had been found in several other portions of the State during the drilling craze of the ’60 ’s, yet for the reasons already given, none of these attempts had reached the main oil producing sands of Pennsylvania, although it has since been proven that many of these early shallow borings, which, owing to the condition of the well drilliing art could be sunk only a few hundred feet, were in reality located over rich pools of petroleum or natural gas. Statistics of Oil Production. The statistics of Petroleum production in West Virginia WEST VIKGINIA^GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 25 are not perfect, esi)ecia]ly for the early period of great develop- ment at Ihirning Springs, so that previous to 187G the total for the State is merely an estimate. Su])sequent to that date, the rec- ord is from the pipe line runs, and is therefore approximately ac- curate. These statistics are as follows, according to Oliphant in his Petroleum Reports for the U. S. Geological Survey : 1859 to 1876 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 Barrels. . 3,000,000 . 120,000 . 172,000 180,000 . 180,000 . 179,000 . 151,000 128,000 . 126,000 90.000 91.000 . 102,000 145,000 . 119,448 . 544,113 . 492,578 , 2,406,218 . 3,810,086 . 8,445,412 . 8,577,624 . 8,120,125 .10,019,770 13,090,045 .13,603,135 .13,910,()30 .16,195,675 .14,177,126 .13,513,345 *12,900,000 Total 144,601,296 ^Estimate by P. H. Oliphant. Great Increase in West Virginia Petroleum Output, Dating from 1889. These tables exhibit an almost steady decline from 1876 until the close of 1888, but here the tide turns, and there is a sudden increase. The year 1889 marked the opening of the 26 HISTORICAL SKETCH Dolls Run, Eureka, and Mannm^ton oil pools, and from that time forward the growth of West Virginia’s oil production has been uj)ward with such marvelous strides that toward the close of the year 1900, it finally surpassed that of Pennsylvania, and the pipe line rus at the present time (May 1904,) show that her production equals that of Pennsylvania and New York, combined. This primacy in “white sand” oil (the purest and ])(‘st petroleum in the world,) j)rocluction will also very probably continue in the future, since West Virginia, occupying as she do('S the heart or central portion of the great Appalachian coni basin, contains a much larger area of white sand oil territory than her sister states of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Kentucky. The year 1891 marked the maximum production (e33,009,- 236 barrels) of the Pennsylvania field, 32 years after the in- dustry began, with the completion of the famous Drake well, and from that time (1892) forward the decline in Pennsylvania oil production has been rapid and almost continuous, so that in 1902, the pipe line runs from both the Pennsylvania and New York fields foot up only 13,183,610 barrels, or 329,735 barrels less than the West Virginia production, (13,513,345,) for that year. The Future of West Virginians Oil Production. It is hardly possible that West Virginia’s annual pro- duction can ever exceed that of 1900, (16,195,675 barrels,; and the probabilities are that from this figure the gradual de- cline of the last 3 years will continue, since it is abnost cer- tain that the largest and richest pools of oil in the State have ])een discovered. There is some compensation, however, con- n(‘cted with the unpleasant fact of waning production, and that is, the pri(^e of petroleum is almost certain to advance with the diniinisliitig supply, and hence it is i)Ossible that when the (juaiitity produced has decreased to only one-fourth of what it is now, the price received then may be equivalent to that ob- tained now for the greater quantity. Statistics of Production in Pennsylvania. The Statistics of Oil Production in oui* sisbu* state of Pennsylvania, which are here given, constitute the strongest WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUREVY 27 evidence of tlie limited supply of petroleum, and are of them- S('lv(‘s the most convinciin^ argument that the stores of these ])recious hydro-carbons cannot last indefinitely. They read as follows according' to Mr. Oliphant in Mineral Resources for the U. S. (leolo^ical survey: Barrels* 1859 2,000 1860 500,000 1861 2 , 113,609 1862 3 , 056,690 1863 2 , 611,309 1864 2 , 116,109 1865 2 , 497,700 1866 3 , 597,700 1867 3 , 347,300 1868 3 , 646,117 1869 4 , 215,000 1870 ....^ 5 , 260,745 1871 5 , 205,234 1872 5 , 293,194 1873 9 , 893,786 1874 10 , 926,945 1875 8 , 787,514 1876 8 , 968,906 1877 13 , 135,475 1878 15 , 163,462 1879 19 , 685,176 1880 26 , 027,631 1881 27 , 376,509 1882 30 , 053,500 1883 23 , 128,389 1884 23 , 772,209 1885 20 , 776,041 1886 25 , 798,000 1887 22 , 356,193 1888 16 , 448,668 1889 21 , 487,435 1890 28 , 458,208 1891 33 , 009,236 1892 28 , 422,377 1893 20 , 314,513 1894 19 , 019,990 1895 19 , 114,390 1896 20 , 584,421 * These statistics also include the small oil production from the State of New York. 28 HISTOKICAL SKETCH Barrels. 1897 19,262,060 1898 15,232,702 1899 14,374,512 1900 14,559,127 1901 13,831,996 1902 13,183,610 1903 n2,527,000 Total 640,142,694 ■*FiRtimate by F. H. Oliphant. Meaning of Fluctuation in Production. The fluctuations shown in this production mark the rise and decline of great oil pools, like Bradford, Cherry Grove, Washington and McDonald, the last great pools discovered in Pennsylvania, which carried the production of that State to its maximum in 1891, from which it has steadily declined, and will in the nature of things continue so to do, with temporary spurts of increase from the discovery of new producing areas. The drill has now exploited the possible oil territory of Penn- sylvania so thoroughly, however, that it is hardly probable any large areas of richly productive territory yet remain to be dis- covered that can materially increase, or even stay the present declining yield of petroleum in that State. The same condition of affairs which these statistics reveal as the history of production in Pennsylvania, is now occurring in West Virginia and it is quite probable that the constant de- cline in the production of the West Virginia and Pennsylvania fields shown by these tables will continue indefinitely, unless indeed there may exist several good pools of oil (like that recently discovered near Milton, Cabell county,) southwest from the Little Kanawha river. .Any such pools, however, could only retard the decline in the West Virginia fields, and accentuate their yield over those of New York and Pennsylvania. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 29 ^ ^ CHAPTER IL NATURAL GAS. Along with this wonderful recent growth of the petroleum industry in West Virginia there has been a corresponding in- crease in the production of natural gas, so that this State now stands first of all the States of the Union in the production of this matchless fuel, and with proper care in husbanding this source of power and the prevention of needless waste it should last for another generation at least. Nearly all the principal towns of the State west of the Alleghanies are now supplied with this fuel, while probably 200 million cubic feet daily pass out of the State, through the great 16 and 20 inch lines of the Hope, Philadelphia, Carnegie, Manu- facturers Light and Heat, and other gas companies, to the cities of Pittsburg, Cleveland, Toledo, and intermediate points. The hundreds of drilling wells, and thousands of pump- ing oil wells, and all of the pump stations for handling the oil produced, together with the water supply, and everything con- nected with the oil and gas industry, receive practically all of their power from the consumption of natural gas, so that the ([uantity thus burned must aggregate many millions ( possibly 150-200 millions) of cubic feet daily. It is also practically the only fuel used in all of the glass factories of the State and many of the brick and pottery works, as well as electric power plants, city water works supply, etc. A very wasteful use is that for the manufacture of carbon black in which probably 25 to 30 million cubic feet is daily con- sumed in Calhoun, Lewis, Doddridge, and other counties. The entire quantity of natural gas daily used (generally in the most wasteful manner [)ossible) within the State for every purpose will probably approximate 400 to 500 million cubic feet, while nearly half that amount is transported out of the 30 HISTOKICAL SKETCH State, and probably hs much more (200-250 million feet) is daily wasted through un[)lugged wells, leaking joints, and from })r()ducing oil wells. This estimate would make the quantity of jiatural gas daily coming to the surface in West Virginia, about one billion cubic feet, or the e(|uivalent in heating power of one million bushels of coal — (40,000 tons) daily — 14,600,000 tons annually or more than half of the State’s annual production of coal. All of this gas that is piped out of the State is sold at a rate of not less than 25 cents per 1,000 feet for domestic pur- poses, and 10 cents per 1,000 feet for manufacturing uses, while that taken to distant points, like Toledo, Cleveland, etc., is sold at 40 to 50 cents per 1,000 feet, hence if we value the gas pro- duced in the State at only 10 cents per 1,000 feet, on the basis of one billion feet of daily production, it would amount to $100,000 per day, one-fourth of which is wasted without ac- complishing any useful purpose whatever. Quite recently there has been a general awakening to the enormity of this inexcusable waste of the best fuel in the world, and hence it is to be hoi)ed that the State Legislature will, at ^its next session, take steps to prevent the same. Methods of T7'ansportation. As is well known, natural gas exists in porous rocks under a pressure, ])r()portioned to the depth of its reservoir below the surface of the valleys. This ratio of increase in pressure with depth is in about the same proportion as the weight of a col- umn of water would increase with its length, so that at depths of 2,000 feet, 600 to 900 pounds of j^ressure to the square inch is developed when the gas in a new field is shut in, and for depths of 2,500 to 3,500 feet, pressures of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds are developed under like conditions. This “rock pressure” as it is termed is sufficient of itself to transj)ort the gas in large quantity by its own expansive energy from central West Virginia (Lewis county) to Toledo and Cleveland, distances of nearly 200 miles, so long as the “rock pressure” in the wells does not decrease below 500 to 600 pounds to the square inch. But in proportion as the gas is taken from any district, pool or field, the “rock pressure” in WEST VIKGTNIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 31 that parliicnihi !• invis will j.o*a(lually decline, until its ef- fective ])!‘essui*e to (l(‘liver i^as at the end of a long pipe line would be lost entirely. To meet this contingency, the Phila- delphia, Hope, and Carnegie Cas Cos. are installing larger l)nniping stathms in W(‘tzel county, when^ the gas Hows from tire wells to the i)umi)s under a low pressure, and is then com- pjvssed by unrnense engines to about 600 pounds to the s(iuai‘e inch before it enters the mains for transportation beyond tlie Ixjundarics of the State. The (piantity of gas which any pipe line will transport, either under the natural pressure of the gas, or the artificial pressure created by pumps, depends ui)oii many factors the relations of which have been investigated and skillfully work- ed out by Prof. S. W. Robinson, of the Ohio State University, and published in Vol. VI, of the Ohio Geological Survey. The diameter of the pipe, the length of the line, the pressure at the intake end, all enter into the calculation, while the number of angles or abrupt bends in the line all of which produce fric- tion and retard the flow of gas are also large factors in the transpoi'tation of gas. Mr. P. II. Oliphant has recently treated the subject of gas well measurenient, and gas transportation quite thoroughly as based ujx)!! Prof. K()])inson’s formulae, and the following state- ments are ({noted from his Report to the U. S. Geological Sur- vey on the i)roduction of natural gas for 1902, pages 18-27 ; Natural Oas Measurement. “ Original fv the individual gas coiisiuner was cdiarged aeeoi'diiig to Hie size of tlie oriliee used, ilirougli wliieli at a known pressure, usually J'roui 4 to <8 oinu'es to the square inch, a certain ({uaiitity of uatui-al gas would jiass. The consumer was allowed to use, il‘ he so desired, all the gas that would {lass through this orifice, for which a fixed jirice was ])aid. There was no inducemeiit offered by the nat- ural gas couqiaiiy to have the consumer use it iii an economical man- ner. Suhsequeully the metei’ was inti'oduced, often to the general sat- isfaction of bolh of the jiarties interested. A meter is a device foi' accurately measuring the ({uautity of any gas that passes through it. It usually consists of a series of dia- l)hragms or bellows, oiieratiug valves automatically, the motive {lower lieing gas. When the ({uautity of gas to be measured is large and delivered 32 HISTOKICAL SKETCH under great pressure, a meter that will properly record the amount is weighty and expensive. To reduce the cost the proportional meter is in many instances used, in which a proportionately small amount is diverted to a tally meter controlled by a valve which equalizes the pressure. This tally meter is generally provided with a scale, which records the gross amount passed. Natural gas is usually sold to the consumer by the cubic foot at a standard pressure of 4 ounces to the square inch, or 36 pounds to the square foot at a temperature of 60 degrees F. In many instances it is convenient to dispose of the gas at higher pressures, and then it is necessary to construct meters of proportional strength. The mean pressure of the atmosphere for the elevation at which most of the natural gas is sold is assumed to be 14.4 pounds to the square inch. In order to arrive at the correct number of feet when the gas is measured at a pressure greater than fonr ounces, the following for- mula will be found to be convenient. Usually no correction is made for change in temperature. Formula for Measuring the Quantity of Natural Gas When Meas- ured Above Normal Pressure. Q=q P+h /1+.25 In which Q is the cubic feet required. q is the cubic feet shown by the meter. p is the gauge pressure in pounds. h is the atmospheric pressure of 14.4 pounds. 0.35 is 4-ounce pressure reduced to pounds. By substituting the known values in the above it becomes p-f-14.4 14.65 For example: Suppose the meter or ‘‘q” reads 1,000 cubic feet, and the pressure, ‘‘p” shows 32^/2 pounds to the squaj-e inch; re- quired, to find the quantity of gas, then :l,000-?M±Hl^ 3.2014X1,000 3,301.4 14.65 The result is therefore 3,201.4 cubic feet at the standard pres- sure of 4 ounces to the square inch. If the gas is measured at atmos- pheric pressure, then WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS FLOWING IN LARGE PIPE LINES AT HIGH PRESSURES. This method depends upon the momentum of the flowing:: ^>:as in- side the gas main, because of which the quantity can be (piite ac- curately determined by means of a device knoAvq as tlie l^itot tube, which consists of a sm.all metal tube inserted in the })ipe line, bent at a right angle and having its open end turned in the direction from which the gas is flowing. This tip communicates with one branch of a glass U-tube partly filled with some lifjuid (generally water.) The other branch of the U-tube is connected to another opening in the pipe line, the plane of wliich is at right angles to that of the opening into the Pitot tube and that of the flowing gas. By rhis means the l)ranch connected to the Pitot tube will show a higher ])ressure than that connected to the pipe line, due to the momentum of the gas flowing against it. This difference of pressure will be shown by the difference in level of the liquid in the U-tube. Since this force is due to the velocity and density resulting in momentum of the gas ]iassing, the rate of flow can be obtained and, by frequent observations, the velocity of the gas in a known area can be readily determined. The formula of the Pitot tube as ap])lied to gas meas- urement has been very carefully determined by Prof. S. W. Rob- inson, whose report is published in the Geological Surve}’^ of Ohio, volume 6, pages 548-594. ' The final formula is 1+ /t)> in which Q=number of cubic feet of gas flowiug in pipe line per hour. d~ diameter of pipe line in inches, static pressure of gas in pounds. — difference in level of water in U-tube, measured in inches. The formula was originally computed for gas flowing through the tube at a temperature of 40” U., but the temperature has been re- duced to a standard temi)eraMn'e of 50° U. \n the measurement by the formula as given above. It is for gas of 0.00 sp. gr. To apply to gas of any other gravity multiply the result by 0.6 gr. gas* Another method more generally ai)plied for cora])uting the ap- ])roximate discharge of natural gas in lines of varying lengths, diameters, arid pressures is presented in the following formula: \ ;> 2 ) 3 34 NATURAL GAS By considering the diameter to be 1 inch, and assigning a new value for n'# of for diameters greater than 1 inch, as the value of the di- ameters increase more rapidly than Jd-'', and working out separate values for the diameters of size’s in general use, which are designated as “a”, the form., ula becomes Q=--42a /t (^=cubic feet per hour. 42=constaut. a^computed value in separate table for diameters, P— gauge pressure-]- 15 pounds at intake end of line. p— gauge pressure-]- 15 pounds at discharge end of line, /“length of line in miles. The following, the equivalents of “a” in the formula, are multi- pliers to be used for pipe lines larger than 1 inch in diameter; ^-inch = .0317 ^-inch .1810 f-inch = .5012 1- inch =1.0000 l^-inch=2.9300 2- inch =5.9200 2^-inch. 10.37 3- inch =16.50 4- inGh =34.10 5- ihch =60.00 5|-inch=81.00 6- inch’ =95.00 8-inch= 198.0 10-inch= 350.0 12-inch= 556.0 16-inch : 1160.0 18-inch -1570.0 For pipes greater than 12 inches in diameter the measure is taken from the outside, and for pipes of ordinary thickness the cor- responding inside diameters and multipliers are as follows: Outside diameter of 15-inch pipe gives If f inches inside diameter = 863 Outside diameter of 16-inch pipe gives 15,| inches inside diameter -1025 Outside diameter of 18-iuch pipe gives 17:^ inches inside diameter =1410 Outside diameter of 20-inch pipe gives 19f inches inside diameter “1860 For riveted or cast pipe with inside diamater of — 20 inches- =2055 24 inches = 3285 30 inches 5830 36 inches =9330 This table is interesting, as it shows the comparative value of different sized pipes. One 8-incli pipe has about 2.1 times the capacity of a G-inch pipe, and one 3G-inch pipe ecpials 4 1-2 pipes of 20-inch diameter. This formula applies to gas having a specific gravity of O.G. To apply to gas of any othev gravity multiply the re- sult by a factor foimd by substituting the specific gravity of the gas measured in the following for'mnla: • WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 0.0 atmospheric air being taken at unitrv. gas. For example: Suppose the pressure at the intake oi- high end of a line is 200 pounds, gauge pressure, and that at tlie discharge end is 20 pounds, the length of the line is 20 miles, the Sf)eciric gravity is 0.6, air being I, and the diameter of the T)ipes 8 indies. Then (200 X 15)2— (20 4- 15)2' 20 “ x' 2250=4,7. 45 X 42=1993, which is the dis- charge pel’ hour for 1 -indi }npe; but as the pipe considered is 8 -inoh, the multiplier to be used is 198; hence 198X1993—394,614 are the euliic feet discharged per • hour under the above conditions. Sup- pose, however, that the specific gravity of the gas is 0.5, then by the previous formula 1.2 = 1.095, and 1.095x394,614=432,102 per hour, or 10,370,448 cubic feet in 24 hours. The con-ection for temperalure is usually neglected. COMPARATIVE CAPACITY CP PIPES OF DIFFERENT DIAM- ETERS CONVEYING THE SAME QUANTITY OF GAS APPLIED TO LINES IN V/HICH i A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT ! SIZES ARE USED. . The following table is based upon ;’e fact that the length of pipes for tlie same (piantity of gas varie us the 5.0835 power of their diameters. The value of the incieasing oi- decreasing sizes can readily he appreciated by an inspection of the table. It is jiartieularl}^ useful in securing tbe value of a series of dif- ferent sizes of ipipes in tbe same line b}" reducing the vali’.es of the sevei’al sizes to some one of the sizes in use. For example, on the liorizontal line in the ta])le a unit, say 1 foot or 1 mile of 8-incii pipe has the same vahue as 3,11 feet or miles of lO-inch, 7,80 feet or miles of 12-inch and 105 feet or miles of 20-inch. When smallei- sizes are used 1 foot or 1 mile ot 8-inch pipe is equivalent to 0.2316 foot or mile of 6-indi pipe, etc. lau’ger diameters, when coinprr d, give the equivalent in an in- cj’eased leijjgtli and smaller ^banieims give a less length wheu, coai- paj’ed with a diauieter assuiuqrl X be 1. showing the commrative value of different sizes of pipe compared to a unit read horizontally, looking above fgr the size of the pipe requii - ed]for comparison. NATURA.L GAS WEST VIllGINlA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 37 EXAMPLES SHOWING APPLICATION OF TABLE. Suppose that a line is composed of 10-inch and 16-inch pipe, that there are 30 miles of the former and 20 miles of the latter, and that the pressure is 200 pounds at the end of the 10-inch section, next the source!, and 25 pounds at the discharge end of the 16-incli section. After adding’ 15 pounds to each of the pressures to obtain the actual pressure, these become 215 and 40 pounds, respectively. for 1-inch pipe, as pre- The formula is Q = 42a yj- viously determined. V2152-402=n/44;625=211.3. For a 10-inch pipe th® multiplier is a =350, as given in a pre- vious table. The length of equivalent 10-inch pipe is now to be determined, so that it can be substituted in the for- mula. One foot or 1 mile of 10-inch pipe compares to 16-inch pipe as 1 to 10.94, and as there are 20 miles of 16-inch to 20.00 be considered, = 1.83 miles of 16-inch equal 20 miles 10-inch, 30-1-1.83=31.83 miles of 10-inch line is equal to 30 miles, of 10-inch and 20 miles of 16 inch line. This equivalent length remains the same for all variation of pressure at the intake and the outlet. By substituting the determined quantities, the equation becomes Q = 42 ^' 44625 X350, Q- 42X211.3X350 = 551,700 cu- 31.8 ’ 5.63 bic feet per hour. Suppose the pressure be increased to 400 pounds at the intake and 25 pounds at the outlet; then v^415‘^— 40“= v/ 170,625 = 413. As compared with 211.3 this quantity would be 1.95 times 211.3, showing the increase in quantity to be almost directly as the pressure. The proof of this illustration can be shown by substituting the equivalent distance for 16-inch pipe and the multiplier for the same instead of for 10-inch. By referring to the table it will be found 16-inch comparee to 10-inch as 1 to .0915. As there are 30 miles of lO-inch lins to be converted to the equivalent of 16-inch, it becomes 30 = 328-1-20=348 miles of 16-inch. .0915 In the table for the equivalent of multipliers for larger diameters than 1 inch opposite 16 we find 1160; then, if the pressures remain 200 and 25 pounds, respectively, as before. Q = 42 ^ 44625 348 X1160, Q: 42X211.3X1160. 18.66 551,690 cubic 38 NA'rTTRAL GAS feet per hour, which is almost exactly the same quantity as obtained above. Sui)pose, for example, that there were two 10-incli lines 30 miles long delivering into 20 miles of 16-ineh line; to find the equivalent in miles of l(i-inch line of equal capacity. In the table of multipliers for larger diameters than 1 inch, opposite 16-inch, 11(j0 will be found, and in the table for equivalent lengths on the 16-inch line, hori- zontally under 10, the number .0915 will be found, but as there are two lO-inch lines considered, .0915X2=.1830, which represents their equivalent compared to 16-inch pipe, and this ‘ divided into 30 miles==164 miles-f-SO miles=184 miles, then Q=42 * X 1160. Q=:l^Xy.^4^^=759,OOOcubic-feet \ 184 lo 5u4 per hour. The formula can not be so easily applied in reducing the two 10-inch lines to the value of the 16-inch line, because it is necessary to find the multiplier for the equivalent of two 10-inch lines, which by calculation is found to he 495. By examining the value of a 16- inch line on the 10-inch line in the table, it ’will be observed to be 10.94 for 1 mile of 16-inch line; but where two 10-inch lines are considered, then 10.94 divided by 2=5.47 miles, and 20 divided by 5.47=3.655-1-30 miles=33.655 miles of two 10-inch lines; then Q= 42 I 446, 44625 .. 42x211.3x495 ^ 7 P-Q i * r 4 - X495, Q=- ^=758,710 cubic teet per Uii)5 5.^9 hour, which is only a few feet less than the quantity ascer- tained by the other method. VOLUME OE OUTPUT OF GAS WELLS MEASURED. To ascertain the volume or output in cubic feet per hour of a gas well or an orifice, it is necessary to apply the l^itot tube to ascertain the momentum. This is found by holding the open end of a small pipe at right angles to the how just below the end of the pipe or flush with it. At the other end of this small pipe is attached a syphon or U-gauge, in which water or mercury is used. If the pres- sure is over. 5 pounds it is necessary to use an accurate steam gauge. The pipe connecting the tube is usuall}' made of one-foui’th-inch })ipe, with an elbow and a short nipple attached, against the open end of which the gas flows. It should be held at one-fourth of the diameter from the outer edge. The formula fi'om v.liich the following tables were worked out was first applied to flowing gases by Prof. S. W. Robinson, of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in which the specific gravity of the gas is taken at 0.6. Ihe number of cubic feet pei- hour that will pass out of a cii'ciilar opening 1 inch in diameter, at pressures measured l)y a column of water or mercury or by a spring gauge, is given in the following tables. The third table contains multipliers for sizes of pipe less and greater than 1 inch. WES^r VllUilNTA (lEOLOCnCAL SURVEY 39 DiscJHtrgc o/i/(is of 0.6 aprcijic (jravUn from our inch, opcnimj correapomlimj to vniler presHtire in inchcii. Pressure ill inches. Cubic loot per liour. f*ressuro in inclios. Cubic feet per it our. Pressure ill indies. Cubic feet |)cr hour. 1 1 i Pressure in inches. [ Cubic feet per j hour. 0 .]() 105 0.90 1,485 3.50 2,938 10.00 4,950 .20 711 1.00 1,555 4.00 3,130 11.00 5,215 .W 857 1.25 1,738 4.50 3,321 13.00 5,433 .10 980 1.50 1,915 5.00 3,500 13.85 5,800 .50 1,100 1.75 2,070 0.00 3,834 1 20.77 7,110 .00 1,213 2.00 3,214 7.00 4,140 27.70 8,200 .70 1,310 2.50 2,475 8.00 4,428 .80 1,401 3.00 3,712 9.00 4,094 Discharge of gas of 0.6 specific gravity fro7n 1-inch ^opening co^'responaing to pressure of mer- cury column ana of gauge pressure. Mer- cury j pres- s’ re in inches ! Pounds gaug-e 1 pres- ! sure per square inch. 1 Cubic feet per i hour Mer- cury pres- sure in inches Pounds g-auge pres- sure per ! square! inch. Cubic feet per hour. Mer- cury pres- sure in inches Pounds gaug-e prt^ sucOj^ •nsr [ Cubic feet per hour. 0.10 0.05 1,835 5.59 2.75 13.375 14.00 28,495 .20 .10 2,590 e’.io 3.00 14,175 15.00 29,295 .30 .15 3,170 ' 6.61 3.25 14,755 16.00 30,045 .40 .20 3,055 ! I 7.11 3.50 1 15,320 17.00 30,755 .50 1 .25 4,095 1 7.62 3.75 15,850 18.00 31,415 .GO ' .30 4,490 8.13 4.00 16,370 20.00 32,730 .70 i .35 4,850 8.64 4.25 I 1«,875 22.00 33,470 .80 .40 5,180 9.15 4.50 1 17,360 25.00 35,620 .90 j .45 5,495 9.65 4.75 17,045 30.00 37,945 1.03 1 .50 5,790 j 10.16 5.00 18,380 35.00 40,040 1.52 .75 7,095 12.20 6.00 19,885 40.00 41,945 2.03 1 .00 ! 8,195 7.00 21,555 45.00 43,605 2.54 1.35 9,165 8.00 22,600 50.00 45,080 3.05 1.50 10,030 9.00 23,735 60.00 47,380 3.56 1.75 10,830 ! 10.00 34,815 - 75.00 50,975 4.07 2.00 i 11,550 ' 11.00 25,915 90.00 54,350 4.57 2.25 i 12,375 j 12.00 26,775 j 100.00 55,705 5.08 2.50 1 12,950 !1 13.00 1 27,695 110.00 57,055 Multipliers for pipefjf olh.er diameters than llinch. Size of opening, diame- ter in indies. Multi- plier. i Size of opening-, diame- ter in inches. Multi- plier. Size of opening- diame- ter in indies. Multi- plier. Size of opening- (Uaiiie- ter in inches. Multi- plier. Size of oiiening- dia me- ter in inches. Multi- plier. 1 1 A 0.0038 1 1.00 4 16.00 6 36.00 [ 8 64,00 s .0156 I 3 2.25 4.1 18.00 6 i 39.00 68.00 4 .0625 2 4.00 5 25.00 6 t 43.90 9 81.00 2 .2500 6.35 5A 26.90 7 49.00 10 100.00 1 .5625 3 9.00 51 31.60 62.50 40 NATURAL GAS For any specific gravity other than 0.0, multiply by IZZZ Xsp. gr. gaa For tem]»eratiire of flowing' gas when o])sevved above r)0°F. de- duct 1 per cent for each 5°, and add a like amount for temperatures less than 60 °F. In practice these corrections are usually neglected and the com- parison is made directly from the reading of tlie table. Tlie best natural-gas well is that one which at the highest pres- sure will discharge the greatest quantity of gas. This can be tested by closing in the pressure by a gate at a length of half a joint or more of pipe from the open end. A gauge connected by a small pipe back t)f the gate will record the increased pressure. The flow can thus be measured at an increasing back pressure by testing the open flow" with a Pitot tube as the presoure inside the well is increased. ^ ’ With the foregoing tables and examples as guides, it is an easy pi*ol)lem for any gas company to know the quantity of gas their lines will deliver, since their length, diameter, pressures at the intake, and discharge ends of the pipe lines, can be dii'ectly measured, and the proper figures substituted in the formulae above given. FUEL SAVING DEVICES. That the methods commonly in use in West Virginia for utilizing the heat locked up in natural gas, are crude and waste- ful in th(‘ extreme, goes without saying. Very little attention has been given either to the form of the burner, or to the neces- sity of securing the proi)er admixture of air in the production of either heat or light. In the production of heat, no burner should he used that gives forth a briglit tiame, since unless the flame b(' blue, it is the best evidence that the burner is not supplying air in quantity sufficient for complete combustion, and hence much of the ef- fective heating value of the gas is being wasted. The burning of natural gas for illumination pur}a)ses, in open flambeaux or torches is such a wasteful method that some states, like Indiana, long ago prohibited this waste by statute. Some form of incandescent burner, as the Wellsbach, or other similar device of refractory mantle, is the proper method WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 41 oi' sociiriiij:;' tlie iiuixiuuiin of light at a minimum cost, or with tlic least consumption of gas, while the gas engine so far exceeds all other devices foi* (‘conomy in the production of i)ower, that it looks almost like inexcusable extravagance to use natural gas for power through the production of steam. Mr. F. II. Olij^hant has published some figures on the economical use of natural gas for both power and light in his report for 1902, pages 17 and 18, which place this matter in a startling light as follows: APPLICATION AND ECONOMY OF THE NATURAL-GAS ENGINE. ‘‘The natiiral-gas engine has been extensively introduced throngh- ont the gas belt. Its first application was made about ten years ago, when it was used in pumping petroleum wells. Afterwards, ranging from 5 to 500 horsepower, it was extensively introduced into manufacturing plants. It has successfully demonstrated its economy and relial)ility. It is ]iarticu]arly applicable to the pumping of oil wells and to driving pipe-line pumps, owing to the large number of points that are often widely separated and are difficult to supply with other fuel. In pumping oil wells in the field it was the usual practice where steam was used to divide the wells into groups, placing a steam boiler as near the center as convenient and fi'om it carrying steam lines to the several wells. It was usual to cover these lines with wooden boxes, but with the best appliances the condensation in these long lines was gi'oat, often only one or two wells could he pumped at one time and the work accomplished at the wells was not half the amount furnished by the boiler. Where wells were i)umped by rod connections the loss was not so great. The gas engine has in very many instances replaced the steam engine and boilei'. tn some instances this has been done by removing the steam engine entirely, in others by the substitution of a gas cylinder for a steam cylindei’, on the same engine bed. The dis- pensing with the troublesome boiler and the substitution of a much more economical engine has i)laced in the hands of the oil operator a much clieai)er source of power not subject to the contingencies of the formei- method, with a great saving of labor and material, and also a gi’eat saving in the (|uantity of gas consumed, as the following tnble fi'om actual tests, will indicate, not that all the gas engines pumping wells are fully as economical as shown in the following table. To offset this, however, it must be remembered that the ordinary oil pumj)ing plant is a very extravagant combination so far as economy in the use of steam in concerned. 42 NATUliAL GAS Comparison of fuel per indicated horsepoioer per hour for different types of engines. Type of Engine. Equivalent of Gas and Coal. Gas. Coal. Large natural-gas engine, highest type Cubic feet. 9 Pounds. 0.9 Ordinary natural-gas engine 13 1.3 Triple expansion condensing steam engine 16 l.G Double expansion condensing steam engine 20 2.0 Single cylinder and cut-off steam engine 40 4.0 Ordinary high pressure, without cut-off, steam engine. 80 8.0 Ordinary oil well pumping steam engine 130 13.0 • Natural gas in connection with a mantle of alkaline earth (thoria, etc.) has produced the cheapest and best illuminant. Where natural gas can be had at 25 cents per 1,000 cubic feet and 50-eandle power can be obtained from the consumption of 21/2 cubic feet per hour with a mantle, the cost per candle power per hour is hut .00125 of 1 cent. In an ordinary Argand burner, with chimney, it will give about 12-eandle power in consuming 5 to 6 cubic feet per hour. If con- sumed in an ordinary tip, 7 to 8 cubic feet per hour will yield 6-candle power. All natural gas has not the same illuminating value. In some districts it carries a small percentage of the heavier hydrocarbons, which add much to its illuminating properties. The calorific value of natural gas is high, as 1,000 cubic feet in practice, under ordinary economical boilers, tvill evaporate 1,000 pounds of water from and at 212°F. This amount multiplied by 966, the number of British thermal units required to evaporate 1 povnd of water, equals 966,000 Britisli thermal units, which is one-third greater than the same amount of manufactured gas and double the value of enriched water gas. One thousand cubic feet of natural gas will weigh approx imately 45 to 48 pounds at 60°F., the same amount of di-y air being 76.5 pounds in weight. Its composition closely approximates marsh gas, CII 4 , with from 2 to 15 per cent, of nitrogen. The remaining 85 to 98 per cent, is almost pure marsh gas, viz., 75 per cent, of carbon and 25 per cent, of hydrogen. The gas in Northwestern Ohio and Indiana has 0.20 per cent, of sulphuretted hydrogen in its composition.- Slightly less than 11 cubic feet of air is necessary for the complete combustion of 1 cubic foot of ordinary natui-al gas. No other fuel, natural or artificial, has tbe value and con- venience of natural gas. All other fuels recqiire a large amount of labor to fit them for combustion, and most of them must be con- verted into gaseous form before they can be consumed. Natural gas, however, has reached that form, and is in condition to take to itself WF.ST VTKGTNIA GF.OLOGICAL SUKEVY the ailioiiiit of oxys’eii noccssnry for coiTi})nstion. The "reat natural rosorvoii's ro((iiiro only to be piereed by tlio drill, when the gas may be bi-ought to the surface, where it is at oiiee ready to be used as fuel and light or to ])eeoTne a direct source of powei* in the gas engine. No prei)aratiou is necessary for its combustion and no resi- due is left. It is easily distributed in jnpes to points of consumption many miles distant, and no known method for the distribution of power equals in economy that of the transportation of a gaseous fuel in pipes.” . The above tables prepared by Mr. Oliphant, show that the ordinary natural gas engine consumes only 13 feet of natural ^gas for the production of the same amount of power as 130 feet, or 10 times the (luantity when burned and its heat utilized through the ordinary steam engine in vogue for drilling and ])umping oil wells, as also for the general production of steam power with gas. This use of ten cubic feet of gas to accomplish the work that one would do when properly burned is not (piite so wasteful as permitting all of the gas to escape into the air fi’om unplugged wells, but it constitutes such an extrav- agant and unnecessary consumption of this precious fuel, as to be almost inexcusable from any standpoint. It is needless to state that the generfil adoi)tion of the latest form of gas en- gine for power, and the mantle burner for light in West Vir- ginia would eventuate in saving more than 100,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas daily, while secuidng even better results iu th(^ way of powei- and light. The most wasteful of all forms of pretended utilization of natural gas is where tlui rock jjressure of the gas is used instead of steam to operate a pumping ])lant for water with which to supply drilling oi' i)um])ing wells, as has frequently been done in tlui immediate I'Cgion of the oil and gas fields. That this and all other methods of wasteful use should be prohibited by statute is as desirable and necessary for the welfare of the State, and the prolongation of the life of our rich inheritance in this b(‘st of all fuels, as that wells should be plugged or shut in when not needed for the production of heat or light. The State has probably lost more than $150,000,000 worth 44 NATUKAL GAS of this fuel within the last decade alone through needless es- cape into the air without any pretense of utilization, while probably half as much more in value has been lost by the inexcusably wasteful methods of burning the gas for tlie pro- duction of light, heat and power. A priceless heritage has thus been ruthlessly destroyed, in spite of all the warnings that the State Geological Survey could give direct to the Legisla- ture in official reports. It is not too late to save a remnant of this natural wealth for future use, provided the Legislature will act promptly at its next opportunity. The present delay has been inexcusable; to postpone the matter longer would be nothing short of criminal. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 45 CHAPTER HI. THE GEOLOGY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. ’ ’ Method of Occurrence. Many people who are uninforined on the subject, imagine that both petroleum and natural gas occur in immense caverns, or hollow spaces within the earth’s crust. Hence when one speaks of a ‘‘pool” of oil or gas the image of an under- ground lake or great cavity filled with nothing but liquid oil, or highly compressed gas, is called up to the minds of such persons as are unfamiliar with the oil industry. This is a great mistake, for with the exception of narrow fissures and joints which traverse all rocks, there are no large cavities or open spaces in any of the West Virginia oil producing strata. But all rocks are porous, even slate of the closest grain will hold some liquid in the minute and microscopic cavities whioh it, hi common with all rocks, contains. Now the oil and gas sands are simply very porous rocks which contain not one great cav- ity, but millions upon millions of small or microscopic cavities, so that oil, gas, water, or all three together, it may be, (as at Sistersville,) occupy these numerous little spaces, and thus saturate the rock just as water does a piece of cloth or a sponge when dipped into the same. The larger these pores are, and the greater the volume they occupy in proportion to the volume of the rock mass, the greater will be the contained oil or gas sup- ply, and this proportion in fairly good producing sands, usu- ally varies between one-fifth and one-tenth, that is, a cubic foot of rock would hold, say, 6 to 12 pints of oil, and of coursie would contain an equal volume of cavities for water or gas should either of these substances be present, instead of oil. 46 GEOLOGY OF PETKOLEM AND NATUllAL GAS Quantity of Petroleum to the Acre. It is ({uite probable that the amount of oil obtainable from good j)roducing saud in West Virginia will not average more than a gallon to the cubic foot, and also that the depth or thick- ness of ‘^pay streaks” (porous sand saturated with oil) will not average more than five feet, and taking these factors as a basis, (there being 43,560 square feet in one acre,) we would get about 5,000 barrels of 42 gallons each as the total production of fairly good oil territory. Of course, if the sand reservoir should be exceptionally thick and of very great porosity, like a mere bed of loose gravel, this estimate may be much exceeded over lim- ited areas, as it has been in Texas, where at Spindle Top, for instance, an area of less than 200 acres has already produced 15 to 20 million barrels of low grade oil. This prolific char- acter of the reservoirs holding oil with an asphalt base instead of paraffine appears to be universal, since the same features characterize the oil deposits of Russia at Baku, Grozny, and elsewhere, and it appears to be due to a great thickness of producing sand, as well as to structural features which favor the accumidation of these very rich pools. The amount named is a fair average, however, for what would be considered good producing territory in the white sand area of West Virginia, and may be regarded as approximately correct in figuring roughly the prospective values of developed properties. True, the conservative operator will always leave a safe margin on the right side of his valuation, in a business where there are so many contingencies, not only in varying thickness and porosity of the sand, but also in the price of his product which fluctuates within wide limits, and often within very short periods, but with the acreage estimate of production as a guide, investments may be made in developed oil prop- erties quite as safely as in most other forms of property, and generally with a much greater margin of profit. Not Possible to Obtain all the Oil Present. It is impossible that all of the oil in any sand can be got- ten out by the ordinary process of drilling wells into the same, and })robably one-fourth of the actual amount present will re- main in the rock, held there by capillary attraction, which WEST VIKGTNIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 4T neithci* the fieeoinpajiyin^ ^as, nor the attraction of gravity can ovei-eomo. The only manner in which this oil could be ob- tained would be to mine, crush and boil the sand, as was for- jnei’ly done at Pechelbronn, Germany, from 1742 until 1880, where 4 to 5 per cent, of peti'oleum was produced from rock b}^ such treatment. The Presence of Salt Water Increases Proportion Obtained. When salt water is found in connection with the oi^ as in the “Hundred Foot” district of Butler county, Penna., or the Sistersville field in West AHrginia and Ohio, most operators con- sider that a much greater proportion of the oil can be secured than where the salt water is absent, since the water acts as a rinsing fluid to fiusli the petroleum out of the sand and bring it freely into the well. It is also claimed by the practical oil pro- ducers that the tendency of the rock to become clogged up with paraffine is much less when the petroleum is accompanied with salt water than when it is absent, so that for both of these reasons it is most probably true that the sand will yield up a greater proportion of its oil, wlien the latter is accompanied by salt water. Whether or not the increased yield will equal the increased cost of pumping the additional fluid (salt water) to the surface, is a question upon which we have as yet mo reliable statistics. ■Aids in Locating Oil and Gas Pools. These (piestions have been very frequently asked by the petroleum seekers, “Can anything be done to limit the number of failures in the search for oil and gas?” “Are there any sur- face indications which can l)e relied upon to indicate the pres- ciice or absence of oil and gas in paying quantity at a depth of several hundred, or perhaps r,everal thousand feet under ground?” “Cannot science with all her resources discover some means of saving a large portion of the hundreds of thous- ands of dollars that are annually lost in drilling unproduc- tive wells?” What answei- does geology give to these questions which have been asked every day since Col. Drake drilled the first well for oil in 1859? 48 GEOLOGY OF PETROLRM AND NATURAL GAS Geology answers that by careful attention to her precepts, much of the waste that characterized the first three decades of the search for petroleum can be avoided, but that it is be- yond her powers to foretell absolutely as to whether any par- ticular borinr; will yield either oil or gas in commercial quan- tity. The cfc.reful geologist can eliminate many of the factors of uncertairdy, and thus limit the search to regions having a peculiar geological structure where experience has shown that the occurreince of oil and gas is most probable, but further than th^'^,- geology cannot go, and no skillful geologist has ever claim- .J otherwise. The history of opinion upon this subject is of especial interest to the citizens of a State like West Virginia within whose boundaries so many millions of dollars have already been expended in the search for oil and gas, and where so many millions will be expended in the near future. We may dismiss the attempts to locate oil and gas pools with the ‘‘divining rod,” “magnetic devices,” “spirit media,” etc., all of which have found credulous victims in the past, but very few in recent years, with only this passing notice of their existence, and come down to the decade beginning with 1880 This decade will ever be memorable in the history of the Ap- palachian region, a,s marking the modern i*ise and culmination of natural gas production for use in the great manufacturing concerns of the Pittsburg region. History of the Structural or Anticlinal Theory. When the importance of natural gas to industrial affairs had been fully recognized, and the producers of oil had begun to turn their attention to the search for the new fuel, it was to be expected that some attention would be given to the study of its occurrence. The first oil producer to undertake this study in a syste- matic way, was the late Mr. J. J. Vandei-grift, of Pittsburg, Jhi., then President of the Forest Oil Co., and the United Pipe Lines, In the spring of 1883, Mr. Wm. A. Earseman, a veteran oil oi)erator, who was then in the employ of the Anchor Oil Co., and who had noted the fact that many of the great gas wells of Pennsylvania were located along the lines where anticlinal axes WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 49 had been draAvn on the maps of the State Oeoloj^ical Survey of Penns.ylvania, secured Mr. Vandergrift’s assent and financial support to undertake a, geological investigation of the occur- rence of natural gas. Mr. Earseman then began a correspond- ence with myself u]K'>n the subject, the result of which was an engagement in which the writer agreed to devote the month of June, 1883, to an investigation of the subject for Mr. Vander- grift. In this work I was often accompanied by Mr. Earseman, who communicated freely to me his ideas on the subject of an- ticlinal s, though he did not then possess the necessary geologic- al attainments to enable him to verify or disprove his suspic- ions. After visiting and studying the geological surroundings of all the great wells that had been struck in the Appalachian district, the conclusion was reached that the rock disturbance caused by anticlinal waves was the main and important factor in the occurrence of both petroleum and natural gas, and this announcement was made to Mr. Vandergrift in a written report at the close of June, 1883. During the next two years the theory was submitted to several practical tests in the success- ful location of the Grapeville, AVashington, and other great gas pools. Having thus verified the liypolliesis, it was duly formu- lated, and given to the public through the columns of “Science^’ in an ai-ticle entitled ‘‘The Geology of Natural Gas,” in the is- sue of that journal dated June 26th, 1885. Since there have been inany impiiries for this paper from those interested in petroleum, which it has been imposible to supply, the ai-ticle in question is republished here. The statement in “Science” of June 26t}i, 1885, r(‘ads as follows: The Geology of Natural Gas, hy /. C. White. “The iTcoiit inirodiietion of antiiral gas iiilo gciiei’al use as a source of heat for industi’ial and domestic purposes has raised it from the rank of a mei’o curiosity to one of the eartIGs most valuable treasures. “To the reader unacquainted with the change natural gas has effected in all industries wliere it can he obtained, the following quo- tation from an article in MacMillan’s Magazine for January, written by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the chief iron master of Pittsburg, will be a revelation: ‘In the manufacture of glass, of which there is an im- 4 50 GEOLOGY OF PETKOLEUM AND NATURAL GAS meiise quantity made in Pittsburg’, I am informed that gas is worth more than the cost of coal and its handling, because it improves the quality of the product. One firm in Pittsburg is already making plate glass of the largest size, equal to the best imported French glass, and is enabled to do so by this fuel. In the manufacture of iron, and especially in that of steel, the quality is also improved by the pure new fuel. In our steel rail mills we have not used a pound of coal, nor in our iron mills for nearly the same period. The change is a startling one. Where we formerly had 90 firemen at work in one boiler house, and were using 400 tons of coal per day, a visitor now walks along the long row of boilers and sees but one man in at- tendance. The house being whitewashed, not a sign of the dirty fuel, of former days is to be seen ; nor do the stacks emit smoke. In the Union iron mills our puddlers have whitewashed the coal bunkers belonging to their furnaces. Most of the principal iron and glass establishments in the city are today either using this gas as fuel or making preparations to do so. The cost of coal is not only saved, but the great cost of firing and handling it; while the repairs to boilers and grate-bars are much less.’ ‘^This new fuel, which bids fair to replace coal almost entirely in many of our chief industrial centers, has not received that at- tention from the geologist which its importance demands. So far as the writer is aware, nothing has been published on the subject which would prove of any value to those engaged in prospecting for natural gas, and it is the existence of this blank in geological literature that has suggested the present article. ‘‘Practically all of the large gas wells struck before 1882 Avere accidentally discovered in boring for oil; but when the great value of natural gas as fuel became generally recognized, an eager search began for it at Pittsburg, Wheeling, and many other manufacturing centers. “The first explorers assumed that gas could be obtained at one point as well as at another, provided the earth be penetrated to a depth sufficiently great ; and it has required the expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars in useless drilling to convince capitalists of this fallacy, which even yet obtains general credence among those not interested in successful gas companies. “The writer’s study of this subject began in June, 1883, when he was employed by Pittsburg parties to make a general investigation of the natural gas question with the special object of determining whether or not it was possible to predict the presence or absence of gas from geological structure. In the prosecution of this work I was aided by a sugestion from Mr. William A. Earseman, of Allegheny, Pennsylvania, an oil operator of many years’ experience, who had noticed that the principal gas wells then known in western Pennsyl- \ ania were situated close to where anticlinal axes were drawn on. the geological mai)s. From this he inferred there must be some connection between the gas wells and the anticlines. After visiting WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 51 all the great gas wells that had been struck in Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and carefully examining the geological suiround- ings of each, 1 found that every one of tlum was situated either directly on or near the crown of an anticlinal axis, while wells that had been bored in the synclines on either side furnished little or no gas, but in many cases large quantities of salt water. Further obser- vation showed that the gas wells were confined to a narrow belt, only one-fourth to one mile wide, along the crests of the anticlinal folds. These facts seemed to connect gas territory unmistakably with the disturbance in the rocks caused by their u[)heaval into arches, but tiie crucial test was yet to be made in the actual location of good gas territory on this theory. During the last two years I have submitted it to all manner of tests, both in locating and condemning gas terri- tory, and the general residt has been to confirm the anticlinal theory beyond a reasonable doubt. ‘^But while we can state with confidence that all great gas wells are found on the anticlinal axes, the converse of this is not true, vis. : that great gas wells may l)e found on all anticlinals. In a theory of this kind, the limitations become (giite as im])ortant as, or even more so than the theory itself; and hence I. have given considerable thought to this side of the (juestion, having formulated them into three or four general rules (which include ])ractically all the limitations known to me, up to the present time, that should be placed on the state- ment thqt large gas wells may be obtained on anticlinal folds,) viz: (a) ‘‘The arch in the rocks must be one of considerable magni- tude. (b) “A coarse oi- porous sandstone of considerable tliickness or, if a fine grained i-ock, one that would have extensive fissures, and thus in eithc]’ case rendered ca[)able of acting as a leservoii’ for the gas, must underlie tlie surface at a depth of several hundred feet (500 to 2,500.) (c) “Probably very few oi- none of the grand arches along the mountain ranges will be found holding gas in large (juantity, since in such cases the distui-bance ol‘ the stratification has been so ])ro- found that all the natuial gas genei-ated in the j)ast would long ago have escaped into the air tln-ougli fissures that traverse all the beds. (d) “Another limitation might p( ssilily be added, which would confine the ai-eas where great gas flows may be ol)tained to those un- derlain by a considerable tlii(d\n(^ss of bituminous shale. (e) “Very fair gas wells may also be obtained for a consider- able distance down the slopes fi’om the crests of the anticlinals, pro- vided the dip be sulliciently ra])id, and especially if it be irregular or interru])ted with slight crum})les. And even in regions wliere there are no well mai'ked anticlinals if the dip be somewhat I’apid and ir- regular, i-afher large gas wells may occasionally be found, if all other conditions are favorable. “The reason why natural gas should collect under the arches of the rocks is sufficiently plain, from a cohsideration of its volatile 62 GEOLOGY OF PETltOLEUM AND NATUKAL GAS nature. Then, too, the extensive fissuring: of the rock, which appears necessary to foim a capacious reservoir for a large gas well, would take place most readily along the anticlinals where the tension in bending would be greatest. ^^The geological horizon that furnishes the best gas reservoir in western Pennsylvania seems to be identical with the first Venango oil sand, and hense is one of the Catskill conglomerates. This is the gkas rock at Murrysville, Tarentum, Washington, Wellsburg, and many other points. Some large gas wells have been obtained in the SulS-carboniferous sandstone (Pocono,) however, and others down in the third Venango oil sand. (Chemung.) ‘^In Ohio, gas flows of considerable size have been obtained deep dq^n in the Cincinnati limestone, while in West Virginia they have been found in the Po'ttsville conglomerate; hence natural gas, like oil, has a wide range through the geological column, though it is a significant fact that it is most abundant above the black slates of the Devonian.’^ The views expressed in this paper were criticized by sev- eral geologists, but they were as warmly espoused and cham- pioned by others, so that the battle for the essential truth of the anti-clinal, or structural theory of the occurrence of oil and gas in commercial quantities, was soon won. The Anticlinal or Structural Theory Not New. This structural theory for the occurrence of petroleum and natural gas, arrived at independently by myself on the sug- gestion of Mr. Earsernan, proved to be not new, but had long belbre been proposed by other geologists, though none of them with the exception of Andrews, and Minshall, had ever applied its principles in a practical way. Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, the late eminent Canadian geologist, was {Probably the first to recognize the principles involved in the anticlinal theory, having published a paper on the subject in the Canadian Naturalist, as early as 1859, and another in the American Journal of Science and Aids for March, 1863. The late Prof. E. B. Andrews, of Marietta, Ohio, also ap- pears to have reached the same conclusions independently of Dr. Hunt, for in an article in the Ainerican Journal of Science, dated Marietta, May 20th, 1861, descriptive of the ‘^Oil Break” of West Virginia, the influence of anticlinal folds on the oc- 'urrence of oil and gas is distiric^y announced. Mr. F. W. Minshall, of Marietta, Ohio, advocated the same WEST VIKOTNIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 53 viow as Andrews, concerning the West Virginia ‘*Oil Breat** in a series of articles published in the summer of 1881. Prof. IT. Iloefer, the distinguished geologist of Leoben, Austria, also appears to have formulated the same conclusions from a study of the Pennsylvania oil fields in 1876, and pub- lished the elements of the anticlinal theory in his book on “The Petroleum Industry of North America,’^ pages 77-80, without any knowledge of the previous publications of Hunt and Andrews, while Newberry, Stevenson, and probably others had advocated the influence of rock disturbance as early as the ’70 ’s. Thus it appears that the theory had long ago been recognized and its essential elements published, but the practic- al ’oil men had never heard of it in a way to make any impres- sion up(m them, and the authors of the theory had made but slight attempts to apply its principles practically in the loca- tion and discovery of new oil or gas fields. This is the work which the writer has especially accomplished, and in the doing of it so enforced the lessons of geology upon the minds of th% men engaged in the practical work of drilling for oil, that the acceptance of the structural theory is now universal among them, as well as among geologists. In this work the writer has been ably assisted by the late Dr. Edward Orton, State Geologist of Ohio, whose acute mind and facile pen have done much to popu- larize and enforce the geological claims of the anticlinal fceory. The geologists of Indiana have also contributed much to compel belief in the structural theory of oil and gas accumu- lation. On the continent of Europe, and in Russia no other theory has any followers whatever, due largely to the work of IToefer, Sjogren, and other geologists. No one can visit Baku, Grozny, Gallicia, and other oil fields of the old world, and see the great anticlinals which accompany every important deposit of pet- roleum, without concluding that rock disturbance is the im- portant factor in such accumulations. It was the numerous oil pools along the crest and flanks of the great “Oil Break’’ anticlinal that extends from Burning Springs, W^rt county, to Eureka, Pleasants county. West Virginia, which first convinced 64 «tEOLOGY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS Prof. Andrews, in 1861, of tlie agency of structure in oil and gas acciininlation. Guided by this principle, the writer point- ed out and located all the great oil pools of West Virginia, for a Pittsburg syndicate in 1884 and 1885, long before the drill finally demonstrated the correctness of his conclusions. The de- tailed account of how one of these great pools was subsequent- ly located and developed, .t5 miles distant from any oil pro- duction at the time, has been told by the writer in an article entitled, “The Mannington Oil Field and the History of Its Development,” published in the Bulletin of the Geological So- ciety of America, Vol. 8, pages 187- 216, April 15th 1892 d the following quotations therefrom will give the reader a ^fi- nite idea of the practical application nf the principles embod- ied in the anticlinal theory in the discovery of an oil or gas pool : “The Mannington oil field was developed by myself and assdftk ates, and as its location was made from purely scientific deductions illustrative of certain theories concerning oil and gas accumulation which I have taught for several years, a brief history of these theories and thei]' application in the discovery of the Mannington field may not be without interest to geologists; and this must excuse much that is personal to myself in connection therewith. “As is well known, it was formerly a ])opnlar saying among practical oil men tliat “Geology has never filled an oil tank;” and to such a low estate had oil geology fallen that a prominent producer of oil and gas, disgusted with geology and geologists, was once heard to remark that if he wanted to make sure of a diy hole he would employ a geologist to select the location. It has been my pleasant task dni-ing the last eight years to assist in removing this stigma from onr ])rofession, so that with the able and valuable assistance of Ohioks distinguished geologist, Professor Orton, Ih-. Phinney, of Indiana, and others the battle against poi)nlar as well- as scientific prejudice has been fought and won and this long standing reproach to geology in gi'eat pai't removed. ^^The essential principles involved in the “anticlinal theory,” have been very forcibly and graphically set forth by lh*o lessor Ed- wai-d Orton, whose ])hiloso])hic mind and skillful hand have grappled with and unraveled so many tangled threads of geologic historv". Grasp- ing at once the truth of the “anti(di]ial theoiy,” he applied its prin- ciples in a striking and beautiful way to the explanation of the oil and gas dejjosits in Ohio. Expressed in his woi-ds, relief or structure is the essential element in the acumidation of large quantities of either oil or gas, for if the rocks lie nearly horizontal over a wide area we WFST VIKGINTA GEOLOGICAL STTKVEY find, wlien wo bore iliroiigli them, ‘‘n lil.llc oil, n lit lie gas, a litib* water, a little of everything, and not much of anything;” while if the rock’i reservoirs be tilted considerably, so that the small quanti- ties of oil, gas, and water in all sedimentary beds can risarrange them- selves within the rocks in the order of their specific gravities, then and then only can commercial quantities of each accumulate, provided the reservoir and cover are good. The anticlinal waves which trav- erse the great Appalachian plateau westward frf)m the Alleghanies and practically parallel to these mountains present just such relief as the theory requires in the New York, Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, and West Virginia oil and gas fields, while the more ancient flexures in northern Ohii, „iid Indiana account for the large accumulations of oil and gas in the Trenton limestone of those states. The Florence (Colorado) and other oil fields in the far western spates and terri- tories have this tilted rock structure, and the same relief is plain in the Canadian oil and gas fields, according to Selwyn; while Tscherny- schew, Sjogren, and other geologists who have studied the foreign oil fields, report an identical geological structure there. ‘‘This theory, so simple and consonant with well known physical laws, as well as so harmonious with the facts of geology, was heart- ily welcomed by most of the oil and gas operators, and by nearly all geologists that have given any thought to the matter, as a satisfactory solution of the geologic problem connected with oil and gas accumu- lation. A few have attempted to relegate the great principle of relief to a subordinate position, but the facts have pointed so conclusively in the other direction that opposition has been silenced at least, whether convinced or otherwise. “Guided by this theory I located in 1884 the important gas and oil field near Washington, Pennsylvania; also the Grapeville gas field along that great arch of the same name in Westmoreland coun- ty; and the Belleveron field on the Monoiigahela river. On the same theory I located and mai)ped out, for Mr. J. M. Guffey, the cele- brated Taylortown oil field of Washington county, nine months be- fore the drill demonstrated the truth of my conclusions. And right here on this Mannington-Monnt Morris belt a derrick was built to bore for oil on one of my locations at P'airview more than five years before the drill finally proved that my location was immediately' over one of the richest pools in the country, and before the drill had shown that there was any oil in this })ortion of West Virginia. These are only a few of the positive fruits of the theory to which we can point; the negative results in condemning immense areas of both oil and gas being even more important in preventing unnecessary ex- penditure and waste of capital wlieie a search for either gas or oil would have certainly been in vain. “My working hypothesis was that since the gas pre.ssure is due to a column of water, and since this must be practically the same for any limited area where the rock lies at the same depth below sea level, the oil deposit in this particular rock must extend across the 56 GEOLOGY OE PETliOLEUM AND NATURAL GAS country along the strike of the beds, in a pool comparable to the sur- face of a lake or a chain of -small lakes, if the rock reservoir should not be equally porous everywhere along the strike. Hence, if my theory is true, it would only be necessary to follow the strike of any particular coal bed, limestone, or other stratum outcropping where the oil was actually developed in order to trace the course of the oil belt upon the surface, and thus to determine with approximate ac- curacy, many miles in advance of the drill, the location and width of such possible oil territory. Very fortunately for my purpose, two pei-sistent coals, the Waynesburg and the Washington beds, cropped to the surface at Mount Morris, the first well finished there by Mr. E. M. Hukill, in October, l.SSfi, starting immediately on top of the Waynesburg seam. ‘‘My first work was to determine the tide elevation of these coal beds, especially the Waynesburg, with reference to oil, gas and salt water as developed by the Mount Morris borings. For this pur- pose one of my associates. Professor T. M. Jackson, then Professor of Civil Engineering at the West Virginia University, ran a line of levels from the Monongahela river (using a Baltimore and Ohio rail- way datum) out to the oil field, and made a complete survey and map of the twenty or more wells that had been drilled at that time (February, 1889) in and about the village of Mount Morris. He also obtained the elevations of the coal beds at every possible point. From the data thus acquired it was learned that wherever the Waynesburg coal had an elevation of 950 feet above tide, gas, and not oil was found, and that where it had dipped down below 870 feet, salt water was a certainty — in the Mount Morris region at least. As the Washington Coal is 155 feet above the Waynesburg bed, the gas and saltwater limits were found to be 1,105 and 1,025 feet above tide, respectively, when referred to the Washington bed as a datum line. “With these facts in hand, it was only a question of correct iden- tification, or tracing of coal beds, and a simple matter of leveling, in order to follow the strike of the surface rocks at least, for a hund- red miles or more. But the query arose to me, “Suppose the sur- face rocks do not lie parallel to the oil sand, then where will the oil belt be found'?’’ The interval between these coal 1)eds and the oil sand might either thin away considerably or thicken up an equal amount in passing southward from Mount Alorris. Of course, if either of these things should happen, the strike of the oil sand would not run with the strike of the surface rocks, but Avould gradually veer away from the latter either eastward or westward, depending upon whether the intervening measures should thicken up or thin away. To meet any such possible contingencies, the territory within which it was considered possible for oil to exist was gradually widened south- ward, and at Alanniiigton extended eastward to where the Waynes- burg coal had an elevation of 1,025 feet instead of 950 (the eastern limit of oil at Mount Alorris,) and carried westward to where it had WES'r VIUaiNTA GEOLOGTCAL SIIJIVEY 67 an elovaiioii oC 800 instead of 870 feet (the western limit of oil at the north.) ‘‘In following’ tlie strike line from Mount Morris to Mannington its direction was found to vary greatly. For the first five or six miles between Mount Morris and Dolls run the strike was about S. 30 degrees W. ; bnt toward the head of Dolls run, the line turned rapidly westward, making a great curve or elbow and running westward past the village of Fairview, from which, with many curves and sinuosities, it crossed successively Plnra run. Mods run and Buffalo creek at Man- nington, on a general course of S. 45 degrees W., but varying from this 10 degrees to 15 degrees either way in certain localities. The strike line carried on southward from Mannington passed into Har- rison county through the villages of Pleasantville and Grangeville. “This course which I thus mapped out for the extension of the Mount Morris oil belt was so crooked and passed so mnch farther westward than the practical oil men had considered possible that my geological line, or hypothetical belt, furnished occasion for many jokes and gibes at my expense among the oil fraternity; and it was with the gieatest difficulty and only by liberal gifts of supposed oil territory that I could induce any of them to risk their money on a purely geological theory. Finally, however, a contract to drill a test well in the vicinity of Mannington was entered into in the spring of 1889 with Mr. A. J. Montgomery, of Washington, Penns^dvania, a gentleman who had given considerable thought to geology. As this was to be a crucial test of my theory, the proper location for the test, 20 miles distant from any producing oil well, gave me no little con- cern, since if the well should ])rove a failure, oil geology would receive a fatal blow, in the eyes of practical oil men, while if successful their contidence in geology would be greatly increased and strengthened. “The problem 1 had to solve was, whether the interval between the surface rocks and the oil sand would remain the same as at Mount Moj-ris, or whethei' it Avould eithei* thicken or thin; since, upon my theory, if I made a location at Mannington where the Waynes- burg coal had an elevation of 900 feet above tide, and the interval from it to the oil sand retnained the same (1,025 feet) as at Mount Moriis, then if the oil rock j)i-oved open and jxnons a fair oil well should be found; while if, on the other hand, this interval should thill Away to, say, 1,575 feet, then gas would be^ found, and if it should thicken up to 1,075 f(‘et, salt water would be obtained, and this especially would be fatal to my theory, for the practical oil men were predicting that Mannington was several miles too fai- west- ward, and hence was in salt water territory. In the absence of any evidence bearing ipion the subject, and rathei- in opposition to a general geological fact, viz.: that the sedimentary beds thin awa}^ rapidly westward t roin the Alleglianies, I made up my mind to take no chances on salt water in this, the fii'st test well, and in finally determining the location, placed it where the Waynesburg coal had an altitude of 970 feet and the Washington about 1,125 feet. Such 58 GEOLOGY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS a location at Mount Morris would have been in the g-as belt by an elevation of 20 to 25 feet to spare. the diill progressed it was found that the intervening rocks were thickening instead of thinning when compared with the Mount Morris column, and when the top of the oil sand (‘‘Big Injun’’) was finally struck, the interval from it to the Waynesburg coal meas- ured exactly 1,725 feet instead of 1,625, as at Mount Morris. Fin- ally, on October 11, 18S9, the drill penetrated the oil-bearing zone of this sand, and was immediately followed by a copious showing of oil, the result being that my theory was at once raised from the domain of conjecture to that of demonstrated fact. Thus a great victory was won for geology, since it taught the practical oil men once for all that they could not afford to disregard geological truths in their search for oil deposits. “This thickening of the interval between the Waynesburg coal and the oil sand to the extent of 100 feet, in the distance of 25 miles from Mount Morris to Mannington, proved to have exactly the effect that I anticipated, i. e., it caused the oil belt to veer eastward until it gradually encroaches upon the territory occupied by the gas belt in the vicinity of Mount Moi^ris; so that the western edge of the oil belt at Mannington is found where the Waynesburg coal has an alti- tude of 950 feet above tide, which is where the eastern edge occurs at Mount Morris, and the gas belt begins ; and hence, had the first lo- cation at Mannington been made without taking into account a pos- sible thickening, the well would have been too far westward, and a dry hole or salt water would have been the certain result. The amount of this eastward shifting of the strike of the oil sand compared with the strike of the surface rocks between Mount Morris and Manning- ton is something more than half a mile. “Since this Mannington test well was drilled, about 200 others have been sunk along the belt, as previously defined by me, between Mount Morris and Mannington ; and the correctness of my theoretical work has been demonstrated by the drill in opening up along this belt through Marion and Monongalia counties one of the largest and most valuable oil fields in the country. Fewer dry holes have been found along this belt than on any other oil belt known to me, not more than 5 per cent of the wells drilled within the defined limits proving totally dry. “It is not claimed that this same chain of reasoning can be ap- plied with lige successful results to the discovery and development of every great oil field that yet lies hidden below the surface of the Appalachian plateau, but it is believed that a correct understanding and appreciation of the principles involved and used in the discovery of the Mannington oil field cannot fail to prove most useful and helpful to both operator and geologist in limiting the expensive ex- ploration of the drill to regions where the geological structure would indicate favorable locations for oil deposits. Of course no sedi- mentary bed can extend indefinitely in any direction, or even for WEST VTIKHNTA (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 59 oonsidornblo dislaiu'C's, willioiit iiTid(‘r«'()ijij2: a (diang-e in Uio cliaracter of its eonstitiioiil olemoiils. Tlie iTidividual particdes of which it is composed must vary in size, and tlie cementing material, or lack of it, must be an evei’-changing (imintity. For these reasons any oil rock must be quite variable in ])orosity, and hence its productiveness can- not be a constant amount. Where the oil sand is a mere bed of coarse gravel or pebbles like that in the famous McDonald region of Washington county, Pennsylvania, or in Die great Russian oil field, then the production of an oil Avell seems to l3e limited only by the size of the bore hole; while, on the contrary, the producing rock may become so close and compact within a few feet from a large producer as to be ])i-actieally barren of oil. This fact was strikingly illustrated recently at IVIcDonald, Pennsylvania, since at the very time the fam- ous Mevey well number 1 was gushing oil at the rate of 15,000 bar- rels daily, another well was drilled through the same ‘fFifth sand,” only 300 feet distant, and proved to be practically dry — the char- acter of the producing rqck having undergone a great change and become so close grained within such a short distance that it could not hold oil in paying finantity. If snch changes as this can happen in the character of an oil rock reservoir within a few feet, much more would we expect such changes within a few miles; and thus it hap- pens that although there aj)])ears t(3 be a continuous deposit of oil in the Mount Morris sand, from the Pennsylvania line southward to Mannington, and for at least six miles beyond, yet the productive ness of the rock is not everywhere the same, because the character of the sand (reservoir) is not constant. This condition of affairs tends to concentrate the richest t(u-ritory into pools of greater or less ex- tent which are se])arated from each other by territory that is spot- ted” or less ])roductive. When this tendency to change in the character of the sand or reservoii- is carried so fai’ as to render the rock im]3ermeable to gas, oil or watei- for a consichu'able distance, then any oil belt must come to an end, and we need not ex]3ect it to set in again on the same strike of the rocks (though that is ]>ossible,) but rather when the sti’atum becomes again product ive it will be found at a lower or higher level and on a different stiake line, so that in this way we may have several parallel belts of oil in the sanui stratum, and occu])ying dif- ferent levels with reference to tluui- tidal elevation. Thus, there are numerous productive belts of the old Third Venango oil sand from Titusville, where it lies several hundi-ed feet above tide, down to the soiithweslei-n cormn- of Pennsylvania, where it. is 12,000 feet be- low tide. Hence the i)rinciples illiisti-ated in this ])aper have a local as welj as a general application^ — local, to enable the ojierator to fol- low the course of the oil belt wlum discovered; and general, to enable him to limit his search for oil torintoiy to the localities where the geological structure is favorable.” 60 GEOLOGY OF PETKOLETTM AND NATURAL GAS Effect of Mannmgton Experiment Upon Operators. 'I'lie successful outcome of the Maniiin^ton experiment converted most operators to a belief in the structural theory of oil and gas accumulation, and even the few who may still assert their unbelief in what they call the “anticlinal theor^^” make use of its principles in all their petroleum ventures; for there are no ])rominent operators now who do not observe very closely the (lip and strike of the strata, and many of them employ expert geologists, and engineers to gather data in the fields as a guide to successful operations. Relation of West Virginia Oil and Gas Pools to Geological Structure. ^ Every gas and oil pool in West Virginia illustrates and dem- onstrates the truth of the structural theory. The Sistersville field occupies the crown of a broad, low anticlinal where the relief is not sulficient to permit the sejiaration of the gas, oil and salt water, and hence we find them all three commingled until the Big Injun Sand which holds them dips down to a level where only salt water is found. At but one or two limited areas in that great field has gas unaccompanied with oil or salt water been found, and these were (as they should be) where the sand attained its highest elevation. The great gas district which stretches across Monongalia, Marion, Harrison, eastern Doddridge, Lewis, Upshur, Gilmer, Braxton, Calhoun and Roane counties, lies along the eastern edge of the oil fields, and therefore where the rock is elevated by anticlinal folds, down the slopes of which to the west we find such remarkable oil deposits. The wonderful gas district of Wetzel and Tyler counties lies along the crest of a prominent arch of the rocks which passing south-westward through Kingtown, crosses the South Fork of Big Fishing Creek through Owl’s Head Knob, (the greatest gas region in the country), and continuing on south-westward across Piney Fork, below that village, passes intu Tyler county, along the crest of which we find a great gas development extending past WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 61 Bredin to the ‘‘Big Moses” gas field on Indian creek, to which the Philadelphia Company of Pittsburg has laid 75 miles of 16- inch pipe line; while just east of this anticlinal down its south- eastern slope lies the Piney Fork, Alva, Hardman, and other great oil deposits. The string of oil pools along the crest and flanks of the famous “Oil Break” anticlinal from Burning Springs to Eureka, and northwaixl into Ohio, repeats the same story in such a strik- ing way that “he who runs may read,” while the sudden ter- mination of the oil pools south-west from this great arch, is a striking argument for the influence of structure in determining the occurrence of oil and gas in paying quantities. Region Southwest From the Little Kanawha River. Probably 300 wells have been drilled in that portion of the state between the Little Kanawha river and the Big Sandy at the Kentucky line, a distance of more than 100 miles, and yet, aside from a half dozen small oil wells in Roane county, doing from 5 to 10 barrels daily, and a few gas wells of moderate size, the only pools of either gas or oil of much commercial value, yet developed in all this long stretch of territory, are the gas pool developed by Mr. P. P. Crosscup at the head of Sandy creek in Roane county and the oil pool near Milton, in Cabell county. The fact that these two i)roductive pools lie alojig the north- west slopes of the only prominent anticlinal arch which has yet been discovej*ed in this entire region is quite suggestive and should lead the operator to make careful investigations of struct- ural conditions in the broad area between the Ohio river, and where the rocks begin to rise rapidly along the slopes of the Milton and Sandy oil and gas pools, since in much of this re- gion where so many unproductive wells have been drilled, the rocks appear to be practically horizontal. It is true, the unb'sted region is large, and it may contain several good od and gas pools, but its lack of prominent anticlinals, and other structural features associated with the productive teiadtory north from the Little Kanawha river, togetlK^r with the negative results obtained 62 GEOLOGY OE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS vy ill the drilling of these 300 test wells give but little encourage- ment to the operabu*. Necessary Conditions for the Existence of Oil or Gas in Under- lying S G'ata. The surface indications for the presence of oil or gas in any region are, then, the existence of well marked anticlinal waves, or what leads to the same results (viz., the accumulation of oil or gas in pools of merchantable value), the jiresence of rapid and irregular dips, giving rise to the terrace or warped structure of the strata. Of course these must be supplemented by the pres- ence of porous reservoirs at a depth sufficiently great to pre- vent the escape of oil and gas to the surface in any considerable quantity. Effect of Oil and Gas Escaping to the Surface. Where such an escape does take place, we get as a result heavy lubricating oils, as in the ‘‘shallow sand” district near Petroleum, Ritchie county, in which case the overlying rocks are mostly porous sandstones, and evidently much fractured by the nearness of the great Burning Springs — Eureka uplift. Effect of Rock Eissures Upon Oil and Gas Deposits. When this fracturing of the strata has proceeded still fur- ther and opened out wide fissures (1 to 5 feet), as at “Ritchie Mine” on McFarland’s Run, Ritchie county, W. Va., ('xtendirig downward through all the strata to and below the underlying oil sands, thus permitting the escape of large (juantities of oil and gas, the subsequent evaporation, and oxidation of thr residual products left filling such fissures, have residted in converting them into an asphaltic substance, resembling coal in appearance, named Grahamite, in the case of the Ritchie Mine d(qx>sit. That this was the origin of Grahamite, Albertite, Uintaite, or Gilsonife, is certain, since recent drilling near the Ritchie Mine in West Virginia has revealed a productive oil sand (“Salt Sand”) at 1,500 feet below the valley, and what is most significant is the fact that only a little oil is found in the underlying sand until the wells are located from 500 to 800 feet distant from the fis- WEST VIRGINIA GERLOGIOAL STRVEY 03 sure, thus showing that tlie rock has been drained in the imme- diate vicinity of the latter. When Fissures are Small and Through Shale the Oil is Unaffected. When the fissures are mere joints and through close-grained beds like shale, the escape of gas and oil to the surface appears to be largely prevented by even an hundred feet or so of such rock material, since at Cairo, Ritchie county, an oil of 35 de- grees gravity is produced by the Clark Oil Company from a sand which lies less than 100 feet below the bed of North Hughes River. At Deem’s Ferry, on the South Fork of the same stream, an oil of 40 degrees to 42 degrees gravity is found at a depth of only 250 feeet, and the oil at the mouth of Island run has about the same gravity at a depth of 300 feet. Mountain Regions. In most mountain regions, the fracturing of the strata has been carried on to such an extent that all the available stores of gas and oil that may once have existed in the beds have passed out of the original reservoirs through their defective covers, es- caping into the air, and hence it is useless to drill for oil or gas to any ordinary depth in typical mountain regions. It is barely possible that under a great thickness of close grained beds or shales the gas and petroleum originally contained in rock reservoirs so situated may still be imprisoned. No bor- ings in mountain regions have been sunk to a depth sufficiently great (4,000-5,000 feet) to test the truth of this supposition. The escape of the gas and easily volatilized elements of the oil would render any remaining product so thick and viscous as to be unavailable except through mining operations as in the case of all asphaltic deposits which are only the residua of evaporated pools of petroleum. The great asphalt deposit at Trinidad is not in the crater of an extinct volcano as some ge- ologists have stated, but is simply the asphaltic constituents of a great pool of petroleum comparable to Beaumont, Tex., or 64 GEOLOGY OF PETEOLEUM AND NATURAL GAS Baku, Russia, where the cover lias eroded and the volatili 3 constituents of the oil have escaped. The SignilicdncG of Degree Lines. It has long been a favorite method with many operators for oil or gas to follow some particular degree lines as a basis for further developments after the first paying oil or gas well is obtained in any region. S. 45 degrees \N. or N. 45 degrees E. is a favorite line Avith many, while 22i/^ degrees, 30 degrees and 35 degrees as well as other figures have had their adherents. That a considerable measure of success has attended the ob- servance of such lines is a AA^ell attested fact and the explanation is not difficult. Such lines are approximately parallel, and some- times coincident for several miles with the sti'ike of the strata, or in other words the dii’ection in which the oil or gas rock lies approximately level, which is, of course, in most cases on a line parallel with anticlinal axes or other structural features of the region, and the structural theory of oil and gas teaches that in any particular pool the rock which contains the oil or gas, is likely to be saturated with the same as far as it remains porous and occupies the same level. Hence as these lines of strike or no dip are ai)proximately parallel to the Alleghany mountains, (which extend N. E. and S. W. at angles of 30 de- grees to 45 degrees,) any degree line ai)proaching these figures must run some distance along an oil pool of considerable breadth before passing to either side of the same, and thus a de- gree line is valuable in searching for oil. For example a 45 de- gree line from Mt. Morris, Pa., S. W. to Mannington, W. Va., will define a large area of the Big Injun Sand oil territory be- tween the two points and a similar line Northeast from the orig- inal Thomas ivell on Plat Run, Marion county, will run for 10 miles or more through that great Gordon Sand pool to the front of developments in Monongalia county. In the former case the 45 degree line would first i)ass west of the oil belt ; then aci'oss, and east of it;then back into, and with it to Mannington and beyond, while on the latter or Plat Run belt, the 45 degree line would be within oil territory at every point from the WFST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY r,5 Thomas well in Marion to the farthest to the northeast yet drilled in Monongalia. On the Campbell ’s Run belt, however, wiiicli lies 3 to 4 niiU‘S west from the RIat Run develop- ments, a 45 de<^’ree line rrom the original tiles ivell, to the north- east, would soon pass east of that belt and ijito the barren area between it and the Pdat Rnn field, while a 35 degree line would pass through a productive oil belt nearly to or beyond the Penn- sylvania State line. Structural, or Strike Lines Safest to Follow. The best plan, however, is to disregard the degree lines and follow the strike or level lines of the surface rocks, such as coal beds, limestones, or persistent sandstones, when neither of the other two classes of strata are available, since the oil sands al- though many hundreds, or even thousands of feet below the surface, are aiiproximately })arallel to the surface rocks, and rise when the latter rise, or dij) when they descend; thus when the rocks are level, the oil sands are nearly so. This law holds true for all the area noi-th from the Little Kanawha river, but when we pass southwest from that stream, and start southward the measures thicken so rapidly in that direction that while the sur- face beds may be rising, the oil sands many hundred feet below may lie flat, or even be dipi)ing to the south, and this condition of affairs is possibly one of tlie causes why so few pools of oil or gas have yet been found southwest of the Little Kanawha re- gion, since the relief whi(‘h evmi a rapid rise of the surface beds to the southeast would indi('at(‘, may possibly be offset and over- come by this thickeming of tlu' beds below the surface, so that the regular oil sand foi-mations have little or no relief, being ap- proximately lev(‘l, and heiu'e according to the “anticlinal the- ory,” may not b(‘ expected to hold oil or gas in {)aying quantity, except in areas of that region where these underlying sands have b(‘en warpi'd up into folds or more rapid dips like those near Milton, and the h(‘adwat('rs of Sandy creek in Roane county. Rock Pressure in Oil and Gas Wells. When an oil or gas well is drilled and the casing valve 5 66 GEOLOGY OF PETKOLEUM AND NATUKAL GAS closed so that the product cannot escape into the air, a pressure is developed inside the pipe, '^lis pressure which increases with the depth of the oil or gas reservoir below the surface in about the same x)i’oportion as would the pressure in a column of water to the same depth, is known as ‘‘Rock pressure/^ and is always greatest when a pool of oil or gas is first opened. When the producing capacity or volume of a well is large, the total pres- sure wbich a well will develop when shut in, is attained in a few srco’uls, or a minute at most, the famous Morgan well of the South Penn Oil Co., six miles southwest from Mannington, hav- ing developed a pressure of 800 pounds to the square inch in- side of a three-inch pipe almost instantly. Wells with such large volume mean very open and porous reservoirs from which the gas or o41 can escape with great rapidity. But a well of small volume, if completely shut in, will gradually develop the same “rock pressure,” though it may be several hours or even days in attaining it, as the one with large volume, provided, both produce from the same reservoir, and are situated in the same pool. The volume or value of a gas well is always roughly esti- mated from the pressure developed per minute when shut in (called its “minute pressure”) and its total or “rock pressure.” The ingenious method of measuring accurately the capacity of any gas well in cubic feet of product, by means of the Pitot tube adapted and modified by Prof. Robinson, of the Ohio State Uni- versity, as already described, has not been used until quite re- cently by the gas companies operating in West Virginia, so far as known to the writer, greatly to their loss and detriment. Cause of Bock Pressure. There has been much speculation as to the cause of “rock pressure” in gas and oil wells, and many (including the writer) have believed it was of artesian origin, that is, due t© water which has invaded the same rock from its outcrop at the surface. Pj*of. Edward Orton, the eminent State Geologist of Ohio, who has contributed so much to elucidate the problems connected with petroleum and natural gas, once held this view, and, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 07 apparently (iemonsti-ated its tinitli for tlio Trenton Limestone g^as of Ohio, since in nearly every case the ol)serv(Ml pressures agreed with the calculated pressure, assuming it to be of artesian origin and taking the level of Lake Erie as the surface outcrop of tlie Trenton Limestone. Recently, however, ITof. Orton has made some observations while studying the gas fields of New York that could not be explained ui)on the artesian theory, since in this case the “rock pressure” was 1500 })ounds to the square inch at a depth of many hundred feet less than the theory would require, hence it breaks down as an explanation for all cases of gas and oil pressures, even if it may be the true cause in many fields, like the Trenton Rock of Ohio, Indiana, etc. In such cases like that of New York we are forced back upon the ‘‘expansion hypothesis T’ advocated long ago b}^ Prof. Lesley, as the only theory that will explain the facts, and the same would a])pear to be the only theory consistent with the facts concerning the high pressures in the deep or Gordon group of oil sands in West Virginia, since nowhere in Monongalia, Marion, Wetzel, Marshall, Tyler, Doddridge or Harrison counties has any water* been found in this grouj), evidently because tliey are so deeply buried (2500-3500 feed) by overlying close gi'ained beds that the surface waters have failed to percolate down to them, and hence in these cases there would be no water present in the oil sands to cause the artesian pressure. It is barely possible that the seeming agreement with the artesian pressure theory may be due to the long continued escape of small (jiianti- ties of gas upward along small fissui'es and joints tln-ough the overlying strata until the |)i'essure of expansion within the rock reservoir has been i*educed to what we now find it on opening any new gas field. This aiypears to be Prof. Orton’s explanation *Tlie only exception to this statement known is a single well of the Delmar Oil Co. on the Shaffer farm, southwest from Manning- ton, where some fresh Avater made its ap}'>earance in the Gordon sand, but here there is a possibility that it was due to a leak in the f)uter casings, or a rock fissure communicating with the upper beds whicli may thus have led the suiTace waters down to the oil sand after the well was di'illed. GEOLOGY OF PETEOLEUM AND NATUEAL GAS of the exceptional pressure found at a comparatively shallow depth in the New York held to which reference has been made. It is also ])ossible that this may account for the apparent agree- ment between the i)ressures observed, and the calculated artesian pressures in many new gas fields, since if there should be a constant esca})e of gas from any pool, the rock pressure would decrease continually until the expansive force of the remaining gas just equals the resistance of its passage to the surface, and in the case of small hssures hlled with water this pressure would evidently be practically the same as the weight of a column of water extending from the outcrop level of the gas reservoir.' rock down to its level in the gas pool. Reservoir Gas and Shale Gas. Dr. Orton makes a distinction between what he terms reser- voir gas, and shale gas, the former including all sand or lime- stone strata, and the latter shale beds, which are mostly black. The pressure in shale gas is usually low and the volume small, the wells at Erie, Pa., and near Louisville, Ky., being examples of the same. So far as yet developed the West Virginia gas horizons all belong under the first or reservoir type, unless indeed we should include under the shale series, that found in the coal beds and in the deep boring near Huntington. Several examples are known in West* Virginia as well as Pennsylvania, where valuable flows of gas have been obtained from coal beds. One of these was struck at Hundred, Wetzel county, W. Va., in 1886, by Messrs. Gibson and Giles, in the Pittsburg coal, at 700 feet in depth. Enough gas was found therein according to Mr. Gibson, with which to finish drilling the well through the Gordon sand, and it still furnishes a portion of the supply for the village. Volume and Maximuyn Bock Pressure in Gas Wells. Many of the great gas wells of West Virginia from the deep or Gordon sand group have never been tested for rock pressures when the pools in which they are situated were first opened, and hence we do not know exactly how great this pressure may be in the regions where these sands lie deepest. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SERVEY 69 Tlie Tlioinas Cunnin^liain No. 1, of the South Ih'nn Oil Company in Wetz('l county, was one of the v(ny larg(' wells in tlie Gordon group, and on July 1st, 1898, after it had been completed nearly a year, and had blown into the air several months before it was possible to shut it in, the rock pressure was still 1,200 pounds to the square inch. ' The W. J. McCoy well in Greene district, Wetzel county, is also another very large well drilled by the same company. Mr. Wm. S. Edwards of Mannington, foi‘merly Superintendent of the South Penn Oil Co., reports that the McCoy gas well showed a pressure of 1,075 pounds in one minute in 5 3-16-inch casing, which was the limit of the test. This well has a depth of about 2,800 feet, and the Cunningham the same, as both produce from the ‘‘Stray” immediately above what is called the “Gordon sand” in Wetzel. The Abe Shriver well No. 1 in Battelle district, Monongalia county, drilled by the South Penn Oil Co., gave a rode pressnre of 1,200 pounds (the limit of the gauge) on a one-minute test in 3-inch tubing. The Pittsburg coal was struck at 780 feet in this well, and the gas in the Gordon, or Plat Run sand at 3,007 feet. Mr. John Worthington, of the South Penn Co., believes that the largest gas well both in volume and rock pressure ever discovered in West Virginia or any other state, is the E. C. Morgan well No. 1, drilled by the South Penn Co., six miles southwest from Mannington, Marion county. The top of the gas sand in the MoT*gan well was struck at 3,052 feet, the Pitts- burg coal having been ])assed at 890 feet, thus giving the same interval (2,162 feet) l)elow the latter stratum as the Gordon “Stray” or Canipbell’s Run oil sand occupies on Campbell’s Run, Marion county. Miracle Run-, Highland, and other regions in Monongalia county, and hence this gas is possibly from the same horizon as the great wells in Wetzel county to the west, though the interval from the Pittsburg coal to the gas sand is 100 feet less in Wetzel than in the Morgan well. At about three feet in the sand at the Morgan well, or 3,055 feet from the 70 GEOLOGY OF PETROLEUM AND NATUKAL GAS surface, the gas was struck, and so great was its pressure, that the drilling tools weighing several thousand pounds, were lifted from the bottom of the well, and blown above the top of the derrick, through 6%-inch casing, more than 100 feet into the air, according to Mr. Worthington. The well defied all the usual methods of procedure in shutting in large gas wells, and only after three months of uninterrupted work, was it finally con- quered by the ingenuity of Messrs. Edwards and Worthington, and the men whom they directed. The 3 inch tubing could not be inserted in the 6%-iHch casing in the customary manner, but required the pull of ‘M^lock and tackle” to force it into the well. Then when the proper depth (2270 feet) had been reached, where it was decided to set the rubber packer, it would not ‘Hake hold,” and on withdrawmg the tubing no nihher was visible, the fine sand and pebbles having been blown by the gas against it with such force as to destroy the rubber entirely and blow" its material out as dust. This occurred several times, until Messrs. Edwards and Worthington decided to wrap the “packer” with iron wure before inserting the same, which finally proved successful and the w^ell was shut in. This is the well which gave a pressure of 800 pounds (the limit of the gauge) almost instantly, or within two or three seconds, according to Mr, Edwards, ^f^he well was completed on the 19th of August, 1893, and after supplying the towns of Fairmont and Grafton, 25 miles distant for four years, still showed a rock pressure at the w"ell of 765 pounds, January 1, 1898, and of 550 pounds Janimjy 1, 1899. Its production through the open easing wdien first sti'uck, must have been enormous, probably between 35 and 40 million cubic feet daily. The greatest ])ressure recorded from this same sand was made in the Nineveh region of Greene county, Penna., where a gas well on the Michael Funk farm w^as shut in by Mr. Jolin Worthington, and although of comparatively small volume, the rock pressure finally surpassed the limits of the gauge (1500 pounds to the square inch), and did not stop until it blew up the 2-inch pijje with wliicih it was shut in, probably developing a pressure of 1600 to 1700 pounds to the square inch, since this WEST VIIIGINIA GERLOGIOAL SITIVEY 7i class of pipe is supposed to be tested to 2,000 pounds Indore it leaves the factory. It is quite probable that the total roch pressure in these deep sands {CamphelVs Run, Flat Run, 4th, 5th and 6th) of West Virginia would exceed 1500 pounds to the square inch in the deepest portions of the field, if shut in and packed down to the top of each stratum in question. A curious fact was discovered at the Alonzo Edwards well No. 1, near Wadestown, Monongalia county. West Va. This well was drilled by the Battelle Oil Company, and considerable gas was developed in the Gantz Sand horizon at 2770 feet, as well as in the “ Fifty-Foot^’ Sand at 2840 feet, and a still larger flow was found in the 5th or McDonald Sand at 3115 feet, the hole being completed at 3300 feet. The Gantz and “Fifty-Foot” sands constituted one solid, coarse, pebbly rock, and in order to save all of the gas flows, the well was packed in the upper por- tion of this pebbly stratum. From the great depth of the well, it was expected that the rock pressure would rise until it ex- ceeded 1,500 pounds to the square inch, but when shut in the gauge which began to register rapidly at first, very soon slowed up, and finally stopped at only 650 pounds. As the pressure did not rise sufficiently rapid to correspond to the apparent volume of the gas when the gate valve was oj)en, it was concluded that a large portion of the gas was being forced into the porous Gantz and “ Fifty -Foot” beds, and stored therein, the 650 pounds rep- resenting the pressure necessary to store in the pores of that rock all the surplus gas produced from the three horizons at that pressure. This storing process could not of course go on indefinitely, since the new reservoir would require additional pressure to force the gas further and further back into the rock, and the conclusion was reached that in time the rock pressure of the well would show a large increase, and that the gas bcnng thus stored up in natural reservoirs would be available for fntui*e consumption. This conclusion was subsequently verified. The well was shut in early in 1898, and not opened again (as there was no consumption for it) until January, 1899, when it was opened up and turned into a two-inch gas line for use in drilling 72 GEOLOGY OF FETllOLEUM AND NATURAL GAS oil wells. Tli(‘ pressure, thoiigli not measured, i)roved so ^reat that the two-ineh ])ij)e was blown up in several places, and it was found necessary to place a ‘‘reducing” arrangement upon the well. Mr. Glen T. Braden, General Manager of the South Penn Oil Co., reports that he had the same experience with a well in Marion county, W. Va., siinilarly packed several hundred feet above the gas^ producing horizon, and that after the well had been shut in foi- 80 days, its x)ressure rose more rapidly and went to a higher point when o])ened and again closed in, thus demonstrating that the gas was being forced into porous beds and stored there in such a manner as to be available for future use. These facts should give a hint to the gas companies con- cerning a cheap method of storing gas wells not needed in the lines, viz., to connect the same with partially exhausted wells, and thus i)revent too high pressures in the pipe lines, and at the same time preserve for useful work this surplus gas which would otherwise be wasted into the air from safety valves, etc. The rock pressures in the Big Injun Sand are less than those in the Gordon group, since the top of the Big Injun lies 800-900 feet above the top of the Gordon. In the Mount Morris region of Pennsylvania, and the adjoining district of Monongalia county. West Virginia, the pressure was al)out 550 pounds to the square inch soon after the field was opened in 1886, while at Blacksville, 8 miles west, whei'c the same sand lies about 100 feet lower, the rock pressure In the Big Injun was 600 pounds when the first well was drilled. At Mannington the Big Injun Sand, gave a total of 550 pounds at the Blackshere gas well, the lii'st one opem'd to that sand, while the Snoderly gas well in the rottsville conglonieraie (“Salt Sand,”) 400 feet higher up in the geological scale, stopped at 380 ])ounds. At Itarrisvilh^ llitchie county, the rock pressure in the Big Injun sand was 680 pounds in the hrst well drilled by the Keystone Co., as ]‘e])orted by its president. Dr. D. H. Court- ney, while still higher pressures are reported for this sand from the western or Cairo region of Kitchie county. Mr. W. K. Jacobs, Superintendent of the CaiiD Oil Co., WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7:1 Cairo, W. Va., infoi’ins 1110 that, wlion lio first carrio to tho Cairo region, (’hh), the rock jyrcssure in the Salt Sand gas wells was about GOO ])oun(ls to tlu' s({uare inch, and 900 pounds in the Injun” sand below, thus gi-eatly exceeding the liighest pressure's observed foi* tlie same sti*ata in the northern portion of the state. Tlie rock jyressure in the ‘‘Salt S»nd’’ or Pottsville series seldom exeeeMls 400-500 pounds, since it comes 200 to 300 feet above the Big Injun horizon. Pi‘olial)ly the largest gas well in the state at the ])resent time is one owned by the Hope Natural Gas Co. on the Jacob McConkey farm, Harrison county, which, according to Mr. Glen T. Braden, shows a rock pressure of 985 pounds in the Gordon sand, and has a volume of 26,000,000 feet daily when flowing into the air. This well is shut in and has never been utilized. The greatest rock pressure now recorded anywhere in the state, according to Mr. Braden, is in Lewis county, where a pressure of 1125 pounds is shown by a well on the J. S. Norris farm. In a later chapter of this volume it is hoped to present a few letters and statements from the superintendents of the several gas comi)anies o])(‘rating in West Virginia with reference to the rock pressure, and volume of some of the remarkable gas wells in different portions of the stat(\ The very high ro(‘,k pressure T'ccoT'dc'd in Wetzel and Tyler counties in 1898 and 1899 is now a thing of the past, since so much gas has been wash'd tlu're through oil wells, and other escapes tliat the gi*(*at gas C()m})aiii(‘s, like the Philadelphia, Hope, and Cariu'gie, have found it necessaiy to install immense pump- ing stations in that rc'gion in orihn* to force' tlu^ gas through their lines to tlui piancipal points of consumption as Pittsburg, Cleve- land, etc. When tlu'se wc'lls had a high rock pi'cssure, they would deliver in Cleveland 40 million feet of gas daily, through the 180 miles of 16-inch pipe line that connects the latter city with the West Virginia gas fields. 74 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS CHAPTER IV. Olli AND GAS WELL RECORDS. Generalized Section of the Strata in West Virginia, Showing the Principal Oil and Gas Horizons. In drilling for oil and gas in West Virginia the operators have penetrated the entire column of rocks from near the top of the Permo-Carhoniferons beds down to the Corniferons Lime- stone, near the base of the Devonian, though not all in one region of the State. The following generalized section of this column of rocks may be introduced here for comparison with the names of the oil sands, and as showing the geological horizons of the different beds between the highest exposed sti’ata in the state, and the bottom of the deepest borings, (Corniferons Limestone). The section is supi)ostd to start fi’om the top of one of the highest knobs along the dividing ridge separating the streams which pass eastward through Monongalia county to the Monongahela river, from those which pass westward through Wetzel and Marshall counties to the Ohio river: Dunkard Series, or Permian, No. XVI. Sandstone, Shale and concealed 160 Limestone, Windy Gap 5 Shales and concealed with coaly blossom 55 Sandstone, massive, Gilmore, “Efaw,’^ Pethtle,’^ etc 30 Concealed with red shales, sandstone and limestone. 275 Coal, Nineveh, John Taylor, exposed over both Glover’s Gap and Board Tree tunnels, B. & 0. R. R 1 Feet, to 160 “ 165 “ 220 ‘‘ 250 “ 525 < < 1 526 WEST VUiGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 75 Shales and sandstone 25 Limestone, Nineveh, (exposed at each end of Board Tree tunnel ; B. & 0. R. R 10 Concealed, red shales and sandy beds 40 Sandstone, massive. Fish creek 25 Coal, Dunkard 1 Shales, limestone, and concealed, with a thin coal bed 20 Sandstone, massive 20 Coal, Jolly town 2 Limestone 5 Concealed, sandstone, and shale, some red 135 Massive sandstones. Marietta, and shales, sometimes containing a slaty coal and limestone 100 Coal, Washington, seen in hills around Manning- ton, Ibne Grove, New Martinsville, Sistersville, West Union, Cairo, Ritchie Mines, Spencer, etc, 3' to 5 Shales and sandstone, with often a thin limestone and coal bed 80 Coal, Wayneshurg, 0' to 4 Shales and limestone 10' to 20 Sandstone, Wayneshurg, ‘‘Bluff,^’ lIiuTy Up,” etc., of the drillers 60 Shales, base of Permo-Carhonif erous 10 M onongahela Series, No. XV. Wayneshurg coal, mined at Cassville, Monongalia Co., Fairview, and near Downs in Marion Co., and from Long Run to near West Union in Doddridge Co 0' to 8 Shales 10 Sandstone, Gilboy, cuts of B. & 0. R. R., just east of Manuington ; makes cl ills along Ten Mile, at Brown’s Mills, Harrison Co 30 Shales and limestones 60 Sandstone, Uniontown, probably the “shallow oil sand” operated on the Carroll farm, by the “ 551 “ 561 “ 601 “ 626 “ 627 “ 647 “ 667 “ 699 “ 674 “ 809 “ 909 “ 913 “ 993 “ 995 “ 1010 “ 1070 “ 1080 “ 1084 “ 1094 “ 1124 “ 1184 7G OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS Clark Oil Co., at Cairo, Ritchie Co., W. Va., and the highest known oil sand in the state ... 20 “ 1204 Coal, Uniontown, 0' to 4 “ 1206 Shales, limestone, and limy shales, very green about midway 120 1326 Sewickley sancUtone, sometimes massive, but often flaggy, with much limestone interstratified .... 30 ‘‘ 1356 Sewickley coal, Mapletown’^ of oil drillers, mined on Scott’s and Robinson Runs, Monongalia Co., and along the Monongahela river from Worth- ington in Marion Co., to Gray’s in Greene Co., i Pa., being 4 to 6 feet thick, but thinning away to the southwest, as well as to the northeast ; re- ported as 4 to 6 feet thick by drillers westward, across Monongalia, Marion, Wetzel and Mar- shall to the Ohio river, probably same as Meigs creek coal of Ohio 4' to 6 “ 1361 Shales, limestone and sandstone 56 “ 1417 Coal, Redstone, mined on Scott’s and Robinson runs, Monongalia Co. ; also east of Jarvisville and other points in Harrison Co. ; also on Peck’s Run, Upshur county; and Century Co.’s mines, Barbour Co. ; sometimes (once near Jar- visville, and once on Pedlar’s Run, Monongalia Co.,) mistaken by drillers for the Pittsburg coal below; thickness 0' to 6 “ 1420 Shales and limestone, or sandstone 35 ‘‘ 1455 Coal, nttshurg, the great ‘Gcey” rock of the Monon- galia, Marion, Harrison, Doddridge, Wetzel and Marshall Co. oil and gas fields; mined around Fairmont, Clarksburg, Weston, Buckhannon, Troy, Glenville, Wheeling, Moundsville shaft, Hartford, Spillman, Raymond City, etc., etc. ; absent along the “Oil Break” anticlinal be- tween Burning Springs and Eureka, and from a large area in Tyler, Doddridge, Ritchie, Gil- mer, Pleasants, Wood, Wirt, Jackson, Roane, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 77 Clay, Calhoun, and other counties in the south- western part of the state; thickness including ‘‘roof’' coals 10 “ 1465 Conernaugh Series, or Barren Measures, No. XIV. Shales, thin limestones, sandstones and sandy beds . 200 “ 1665 Sandstone, Morgantown, “shallow oil” sand at mouth of Island Run, Ritchie Co., and at Deem’s Ferry, below the California House, same county ; also produced oil on Dunkard creek, Greene county. Pa., sometimes called Little Dunkard sand; may be same as First Cow Run sand, in the Old Cow Run develop- ment of Ohio; often pebbly, quarried halfway up the hillsides at Morgantown 25 “ 1690 Elk Lick coal, often absent 0' to 4 “ 1692 Shales, limestones, sandstone and red beds 50 “ 1742 Green Crinoidal Limestone, Ames 0' to 2 “ 1743 Coal, Friendsville, mined at Burning Springs, Wirt Co 0' to 2 “ 1744 Red shales, bad ^‘cave” and ‘‘Big red” of the oil drillers 50 “ 1794 Blue and red shales and sandy limy beds, also “caving” at times 170 “ 1964 Mahoning Sandstone, Dunkard Oil Sand, often called the “Cow Run” Sand by the oil well drillers; croi)s out in great dill's between Petroleum and Volcano, B. & 0. R. R., also | near California House, on South Fork of Hughes river, and at the Eureka Pumping sta- J tion and other points along the Monongahela , between Morgantown and Little Falls; some- times double with a shale intervening; an im- portant oil horizon at Burning Springs, and in Wood, Wirt, Pleasants, ard Tyler counties; also near Moundsville in Marshall Co. ; thick- ness 50' to 150 “ 2064 78 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS Allegheny River Coal Series, No. XIII . Upper Freeport Coal, mined at Austen and Tunnel- ton on B. & O. R. R 0' to 8 “ 2068 Limestone and Shales 20 “ 2088 Freeport Sandstones, one of the “gas sands” of the drillers; produced some oil at Fairview, .| Marion Co., W. Va., in P. W. Yost well No. 1, and is probably the 2nd ^‘Cow Run” sand of the old Cow Run development of Ohio 130 “ 2218 Shales, with Upper, Middle ayid Lower Kittanning coal beds 50 “ 2268 Fire clays, shales, sandy beds, and sometimes a limestone, {Ferriferous,) near center 60 “ 2328 Potlsville Conglomerate, No. XII. The Salt Sand’^ of the drillers in West Va., con- sisting of three to four members, separated by j shales, and sometimes containing thin coal I beds; the New River and Pocahontas coals be- long in these rocks ; important oil and gas hori- zons at Burning Springs, Volcano, Steer creek, and other regions of the state ; one of the upper members of this group also called the “gas sand” by drillers; thiclmess 200 “ 2528 Mauch Chnnh Red Shales, No. XI. Lower Carboniferous. A series of red shales, green sandstones, and im- i pure limy beds, holding the Maxton oil sand i in its middle, an important oil and gas horizon ' in Tyler, Pleasants, and Ritchie counties, and o possibly identical with the Cairo sand of the i latter county; a dark slate near base caves badly in long splinters, hence its name of “pencil cave”; the red shale thins away entirely westward in Ritchie, Tyler, Pleasants, Wood, Wirt, and all the counties along or near the Ohio river, thus letting the Pottsville beds above rest immediately upon the Mountain or i WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 79 “Big Linie’^ below; thickness 0' to 300 “ 2678 Mountain or Greenbrier Limestone, the “Big Lime^’ of the drillers; another “key’’ rock for the petroleum seekers, and almost always x>i’esent; thickens southward to 1400 feet in Greenbrier, .. - Summers, etc., on the southwestern boundary • of the State; supposed to hold oil, in south- I eastern Ohio, and in the Milton field of Cabell Co., W. Va., but that may be a limy portion of the “Keener” sand; thickness in the oil regions 80' to 100 “ 2768 Pocono Sandstone, No. X. “Big Injun” Oil Sand. Top member of this series, the “Big Injun” oil sand of the drillers, a hard and often fine- grained gray sandstone, with usually two, and i occasionally, three or four open, coarse, and porous, sometimes pebbly layers, filled with oil, gas, or salt water, called “pay” streaks by the drillers; in Monongalia, Marion and eastern Wetzel counties often unbroken by slate from top to bottom, and usually 140 to 150 feet thick, with a gas “pay” at 15 to 20 feet in the rock; the 1st oil “pay” at 60 to 75 feet; the 2nd or i main one at 80 to 90 feet; and often a 3rd, at | 100 to 110 feet below the top of the sand. In Tyler, Pleasants, Ritchie, and other counties, the uppermost 20 to 30 feet of the “Big Injun” of Monongalia, Marion and Wetzel, usually separated from the main body of the rock by from 5 to 15 feet of dark slate, is then called the “Keener Sand,” and becomes an important oil and gas zone in the counties mentioned, though in Monongalia, Marion and eastern Wetzel nothing but gas has ever been found at 1 this horizon, the main body of the “Big Injun” oil of these counties occurring at 75 to 90 feet m OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS below the top of the sand; entire thickness of ^‘Big Injun” including “Keener” sand 140' to 150 Dark sandy shales 20' to 40 “Squaw” sand of drillers 20' to 30 Shales and sandy beds, holding near the middle of the interval, and about 1750 feet below the Pittsburg coal, the Berea Grit, a productive oil and gas sand, 25 to 30 feet thick, in Pleasants, Wood, Wirt, Ritchie, Calhoun, Brooke, Han- cock, and Cabell counties, possibly identical with the Gantz Sand; thickness of entire interval 380 Gatshill, No. IX, Top of Devonian Beds. Black and red shale beds of the uppermost De- vonian 20 Gantz and “Fifty-Foot” Sands; in Monongalia and Marion often a coarse, pebl)]y solid body of rock without a break for 90 feet or more (the “Second Sand” or “Hundred Foot” of Butler Co., Pa.,) having a gas “pay” at 10 to 20 feet from top {Gantz sand), and another 30 to 50 feet lower (‘"Fifty-Foot”) ; has produced some oil southwest from Mannington, IMarion Co., and a small (quantity in the Cynthia. Kent Well No. 1 of the South Penn Oil Co., in Battel le dis- trict, near Cross Roads, Monongalia county, at 1945 feet below the Pittsburg coal bed. In the Fink or Vadis field of Lewis county, several small wells have been discovered in this sand along with salt water as in Butler Co., Pa. It has also proven productive in western Harri- son, on the Haymond and other farms. Thick- ness 50' to 100 ‘ Red and Blue shales, sandy beds, and a well de- fined sand near center known to drillers under the name “ Thirty -Foot,” which has produced “ 2913 “ 2943 “ 2968 “ 3348 “ 3368 ‘ 3443 WEST VIKGTNTA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 81 hut 110 oil yet ho far as known . in West Virfrinia. Tlie red and blue shales ‘‘cave” in th(' deep drilling/ of Monongalia, Marion and eastern Wetzel, and must be cased off with a “liner” before drilling into the oil or ^as bear- ing sands Ixdow ; thickness 180' to 200 ‘ ‘ 3688 Shrnj Sand, great gas horizon of Wetzel, and other counties, also frequently oil bearing, usually separated from the underlying sand by 10 to 20 feet of slate; thickness 20' to 40 “ 8663 Campbell'S Run Oil Sand, of Marion and Monon- galia, probaliiy called the Gordon Strap,” in the Flat Run held to the east, where it is gas bearing ; a splendid oil producer of flowing ' wells in western Marion, Monongalia Wetzel and Marshall counties; probably the true “Gor- don” sand, of Washington county. Pa.; thick- ness 20' to 40 “ 8698 Dark slate and sajidy shales 20' to 40 “ 3728 “Gordon Sand,” of the drillers. Flat Run Sand, the deej) ])ro(iucing sand at Flat Run, Manning- ton, and Whetstone, in Marion to the south- west, and at the ilighlaud, Harvey, ITaught and V/alker regions to the northeast in Mon- ongalia, and at the Fddy and Wise farms near Dross Roads on the CampbelFs run oil belt ill Monongalia, 'idle largest oil wells in the state, and the most iiroductive have been found in this sand, which is probably the dth Sand just below th(‘ Gordon, of Washington county. Pa.; thickness 20' to 80 “ 8748 Dark shales, or sandy beds 80' to 50 “ 8788 McDonald, or Fifth Oil Sand, of the Washington and Allegheny county group, of Pennsylvania; the oil sand at Wolf Summit and Jarvisville, Harrison Co., and the gas rock around Weston, Clarksburg and other points; showing a little 82 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS oil on the Summers farm, Lewis county; pro- duces gas on Edwards farm near Wadestown, Monongalia Co., and on Brown farm, Dunkard creek, near Worley P. 0. ; thickness ... .2' to 40 Shales 60' to 80 Bayard, Sixth Sand, produces gas on Core, Wright, McCord, and other farms near Mooresville, . Monongalia Co., small oil wells, 5 to 10 barrels, on the Blair, Shriver and other farms near Worley P. 0., on Dunkard creek along the West Virginia and Pennsylvania line and is the splendid producing sand recently found in the region of Fairview, Marion county, at 2410 feet below the Pittsburg coal. It is also the deep gas sand northeast of Downs ; basal mem- ber of Catskill beds ; thickness 5' to 25 ' Chemung and Hamilton Beds, No. VIII. Gray and dark shales with an occasional shell, or thin, hard, fine-grained sandy bed, containing two or more gas horizons along the line between Greene and Washington counties. Pa., in the upper half of these deposits, the Speechley, Bradford, Punxsutawmey and other sand horizons of Pennsylvania ; penetrated 2000 feet in the Boggs Run, Wheeling, deep well, and in the Forest Oil Co.'s deep welL on the Wm. Bedell farm, near West Elizabeth, Pennsyl- vania, they were penetrated 3288 feet below the Sixth or Bayard Sand, and 5705 feet below the Piitshurg coal, without reaching the Cornif- erous Limestone ; but in the Central City deep well, on Four Pole, near Huntington, at the southwest corner of the state, the Corniferous Limestone was struck at 2760 feet or only 3100 feet below the Pittsburg coal bed, and but 2130 feet below the top of the ‘^Mountain” lime- stone, while the Bedell well near Elizabeth 3809 3879 ‘ 3894 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY S3 pnssed 4530 foot below the sfiine limestone horizon, stoi)piu^ in tlie Jlamilton rIuiIcs, prob- ably not more than 100 feet above the Cornif- erous beds, thus giving a thinning away be- tween Elizabeth and Huntington of 2705 feet as measured from the Pittsburg coal, or 2500 feet if measured from the top of the Mountain Limestone. The bottom of the lowest sand struck in the Central City well, lies 849 feet above the Corniferous Limestone, while if we estimate this limestone at 100 feet below the bottom of the Elizabeth well, it would there lie 3385 feet below the Sixth or deepest oil sand, which gives a difference of 2,536 feet be- tween the Elizabeth and Huntington wells, due to thinning of the Chemung and Hamilton beds, or practically the same as that obtained (2705' and 2500') when we take the Pittsburg coal oi Mountain limestone as datum planes, so that the v;estward thinning is thus shown to be con fined practically to the Chemung-Hamiltor series. A mean of the two measurements ol these formations would give (849'4-3385')-{-2= 2117' for the thickness of these beds at the longi tude of say, Parkersburg, but adding the ful Elizabeth tliickness for the Monongalia anc Marion county region gives the following total from the top of the Permo-Carboniferous to the Corniferous limestone 3385'-f 3894'=7279' Mr. E. H. Oliphant has published a table of the succession of oil and gas sands or horizons in his r'eport for 1902 on Natural Cas, pages 14 and 15, in which the interval of each sand below the Pitsburg coal is given for the Ai){)alachian district. This table which is Of much interest, and is the result of much com- parative study by Mr. Oliphant, reads as follows: 84 , OIL AND GAS WELL EECOEDS Procluetivs ruitriral-gas horVxuna . Grcological eciiii valent. [ 1 Natural-KHS horizons. j 1 Locality where productive. Approx imaie de’h bTw Pittsi- burg coal. Concrnauah or liar- 1 Pittsburg sand, capning W est irginia Feet. 0 rcn measures XIV. Pittsburg coal- 1 Connell sville sand ..j do 40 Morgantown sand 1 80 “liurrv up sand” Southwest Pennsylvania and 325 1 Mahoning or Dunkard sand-.j West Virginia. ... do.. .. 485 Alleg’hejiy or Loat- Lower Freeport or second' Southeast Ghio, southwes^ 030 er productive XIIl CoAv* Run sand. j Pennsylvania and West Vir 1 Ferriferous limestone ! ginia. Not productiA'e 800 Pottsville XII Tionesta, Homewood, oriSoutheast Ohio, southwest 020 Johnson Run sand 1 Upper Conoquenessing or up-! Pennsylvania and WestVir- ginia/ do 070 per salt sand Lower Conoiiuenessing or do 1,050 middle salt sand. j Sharon Conglomerate, Glean Kansas and Indian Territory, 1,130 Maucli Chunk Xl-__ loAver salt or Maxon sand. Mountain limestone Keener sand, sandy iimesto’e southeast Ghio. southwest Pennsylvania, West Virgin- ia and Eastern Kentucky. Not productive Southeastern Ghio and West 1,225 1,34^ Pocono X Big Injun, or Sub Glean sand Virginia. West Virginia, southwestern 1,375 t 1 ! Squaw sand Pennsylvania, southeastern Ohio,aud eastern Kentucky 1,405 1,535 Catskili IX or Upper 'upi)er gas sand.. - Southwestern Peiuisylvania. Devonian. i j Berea or Butler County gas Southwestern Pennsylvania, 1,730 ' sand. ; ■ Gevonian or Ohio shales West Virginia, Ghio and Kentucky. Western N. York, northwest- 1,700 i ! ; First sand or Gantz (100-foot ern Penasylvania,northeas- tern Ghio, western K’tucky and southern Indiana. Western Pennsylvania, West 1,850 ; sand.) .')0-foot sand Virginia and southAvestern Ghio. Western Pennsylvania and 1,905 jSecond or 00-foot sand West Vlrginlfi, .do 2,010 2,070 Gray, Stray, or Bowlder sand do Thi)-d or Gordoii sand... Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and soiithcastern Ghio. Western Pennsyhania and 2,130 Stray third sand 2,115 Fourth fsand West Virginia. Southwestern Pennsjdvania 2,200 and West Virginia. . Fifth sand do 2,260 Bayard sand SoAith western Pennsylvania 2,420 j and north<'rn W. Vurginia. WEST VIHGINIA (>EOJA)GICAri SUllVEY 85 /YiJduetUxf ivitural-gda (Jontiuuo.l. (Jcological eciiiivalont. Natural-ffiis horizons. Locality whore productive. Catskill IX or Upper Devoiilau. Elizabeth or sixth sand. .•Southwestern Pennsylvania and northern "W est Virg-inia Lower Devonian VIII Warren flrst sand Warren second sand Clarendon or Tiona sand Speechley sand Balltown or Cherry Grove s’d Northwestern Pennsylvania. do do--. do Northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York. Silurian Sheffield or Cooper sand Bradford '.or Deer Lick sand. Elk sand ( r Waugh and Por- ter sand. Kane sand. Black shaivs oottomof Devo- ni*n. Hamilton iiinestone Corniferous Oriskany sand Guelph limestone ....do do. ....do do Noi’thwestern Kentucky and Southern Indiana. Southwestern Ontario, Can.. New York and southwestern Ontario, Canada. Southern Indiana, southern Ontario, centrtil New York Southern Ontario, western New York, Niagara limestone... Clinton limestone.. Southern Ontiu-'h), western New York and Indiana. |soutluaist'^-"n and cont’l Ohio and southeastern Ontario. Carnbro-Siluriau Medina red sand 'Sor.t : ■ rn Ontario, west- I ei'n Nh;W York, and Ohio. Medina upper white sand nouthe.‘;Str>r7i Ontario and I western New York. 'iMedina white sand .'C;>ntral Nerv York.. Trenton iimestono, j portion. Trenton limestone, portion. upper :)hio. Indiana and Kentuck> lower S'.ejtheasterri and central On- tario •:*.nd northern central New. York. Calclferous aud Potsdam sa’d Southeastern Ontario and ; central New York. Cambrian. Quebec group, s’da and shales] Alabama. Geoi'gia and north- western Newfoundland. Approxi- rna.’e de’b l)cl’w ' IttS- i)urg- coal. Feet. 2,590 2.700 2,S15 2,935 3,100 3,300 8,415 8,525 3,750 3.925 5,325 5,330 5,(525 5,660 5.700 5,820 5,985 6,085 6,185 6 , 2-10 8.700 9,225 8G OIL AND GAS WELL EllCOKDS 'J'hese tables are, of course, only approximately correct for all of the intervals below the Corniferons limestone, and for those above, would hold good only in Western Pennsylvania and the adjoining portion of West Virginia. The foregoing general section will serve to show the rela- tions of the oil sands to the coal beds and other strata which crop to the surface in the different regions of the state. We shall now give a series of well records, beginning the list with some very deep borings made in the neighboring state of Pennsyl- vania. The only well in the oil regions of Pennsylvania that has ever been drilled through the Devonian shales and into the Corniferous limestone is one on the west bank of the Allegheny river, 8 miles south from Franklin,, Venango county, and is known as the Conway well, since it was drilled by the Conway Brothers of Philadelphia. It is located on the old Witherop farm, and the top of the well is 955 feet above tide, according to the late Mr. John F. Carll, who gives the following record in Report 1-5, Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, page 185: Conway Deep Well. Feet. Feet. Drive pipe 48 to 48 ‘/Usual drilling” : 224 “ 272 SS., First sand 68 “ 340 “Usual drilling” (cased at 342) 108 “ 448 SS. Stray second (salt water & gas) . . 20 “ 468 Shale 15 “ 483 SS. Second sand, blue and shelly .... 20 “ 503 Shale 87 “ 590 SS. Third sand, no oil 5 “ 595 Shale, blue, thin streak of red 750 “ 1345 Gritty, shelly formation estimated ... 25 “ 1370 Shale, blue 1180 “ 2550 Shale red (some red shale 2550) say. .10 “ 2560 Shale, blue 155 “ 2715 Shale, black (smell of oil) say 50 “ 2765 WEST VIKGIMIA GEOLOGK^AL SUKVEY 87 Sliulo, blue ‘"easy drilling'” 235 ‘‘ 3000 ■>: Sliale, black ‘M, hill” (April, 1887) .. 15 “ 3015 Shale and slate (October, 1888) ....432 ‘‘ 3447 Slate, black and occasional shells . . . .233 3680 Slate, brown, muddy (smell of oil) .. 15 “ 3695 Slate, black .' 27 3722 Slate, white 60 3782 Slate, black, some shells 50 ‘‘ 3832 Slate, white 18 “ 3850 Slate, brown, muddy . 10 “ 3860 Slate, black, sand 10 “ 3870 Limestone, brown, ‘ ' Cornif erous ”... 10 ‘ ‘ 3880 The Venango Oil Sand Group” of Carll is seen at the top of the foregoing record, beginning at 272 feet and ending with the Third or Fourth sand at 595, the whole being 323 feet thick, and corresponding to the measures in West Virginia between the top of the Gantz sand and the bottom of the Gordon. The top member of the Venango oil sand group lies about 1800 feet below the Fittshurg coal horizon in this region of Pennsylvania, and if we add that interval to the record, it gives a measure of (3870'-f 1528')=5398' for the thickness of strata between the Fittshurg coal and the Cornif erous limestone in the vicinity of Franklin. In the Wheatland deep well, just below Sharon, Mercer county, and about 40 miles west from Franklin, this same interval foots up only 4777 feet, or 621 feet less, while in the Wm. Bedell well, 12 miles southeast of Pittsburg, and 75 miles S. southeast from Sharon, the drill had not yet encountered the Cornif erous Limestone at a dejVh of 5,705 feet below the Pitts- burg coal, thus showing an increase in thickness of the De- vonian beds southward gs well as eastward. The late John F. Carll, when in charge of the oil region work for the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, had several records kept with gr(\‘it care in the central portion of the Butler county oil field, and the same were published in his Re- port 1-3, pages 194 et seq. A few of these standard records will prove useful for comparison with the West Virginia oil sand ^serjej, and are here given for that purpose as follows : 88 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS Sutton Well No. 4 . On P. Sutton farm, Fairview townslii]), Butler county, Pa., about two and one-fourth miles south 70° west of Petrolia. Well mouth above ocean in feet 1436. Feet. Feet. Coiidnctor 0 to 6 Slate, alternatiiii!: v/itli sand shells, bluish. .133 142 SS. dark gray .^. 24 16G Slate and shale 6 “ 172 Coal, ‘^CoaP’ 1 173 Slate and shale, dark g']*ay 49 “ 222 Limestone, Limestone” 222 Slate, dark gray 34 “ 256 SS., gray 16 272 Slate, shale and sandy shells, dark 125 397 Limestone, ^‘Ferrif. Limestone” ...20 417 Slate and sand shells with some iron pyrites and trace of coal, dark 32 449 SS., ^‘00-Foot Rock” top white, bottom .... black 43 492 Slate and shale, bluish gray, bottom black .45 537 SS., grayish white, ^‘20' Rock” IS 555 Slate and shale, shelly, dark 52 607 SS., white 30' ] “ Mountain Sand” SS., gray 20' | (“Big Injun”) SS., white and soft 50' 183 790 SS., white and close 40' I SS., white and soft 43' J Slate, shale and sand shells, dark on top, black on bottom 145 935 SS., hard and white 5 ‘‘ 940 Slate, clean, blnisli-gray 30 ‘‘ 970 SS., shaly, gray 20 990 Shale, slaty, bluish-gray, with a gas vein at 1190' in a thin shell of fine bluish SS 260 1250 Shale, sandy with a few yellow pebbles, bluish 52 '' 1302 Slate, shaly, purplish 34 1336 SS., pebbly 3' ^ SS., gray 9' J (Gantz) SS., slaty mixture 12' j “Second Sand” SS., gray and fine 12' J 36 “ 1372 Slate and shale, dark 38 “ 1410 SS., uniform, hard, white, “50' Rock” .... 22 “ 1432 Slate, blue 28 “ 1460 SS., homogeneous, fine, white, “30' Rock” .42 “ 1502 WEST VIIUIINIA (JEiiLOarCAii S'l’KAEV Hi) Slalc, slu'lly, bliio : S 1510 SS., yc'llowisli-yrny, lino, I)()\vl(loi’” 14 “ 1524 Slate, blue b 1530 55., i;rav, Stray Tliird’^ 10 J-540 55., i)el)bly 55., wbite' Sand” 20 15C0 SS., i>i’av and bard .... Slate, slialy. dark blue 40 1000 SS., dark, “cloveryeed” })ebble, ^‘Fourth Sand” 25 1031 SS., iine white (not tlirougli) .... SS., yood white pebble .... Drilled dry. Cased at 043'. A very little salt water below the easing. Cas at 1100', half sufficient to lire the boiler with while drill- ing, but this gas wais exhausted in three or four days. About the same amount of gas was found in the ‘‘Second sand.” Very little oil in the “Third sand.” The hole filled up 300' or 400' with oil fi'oin the to]) of the “Fourth sand,” and flowed when drilled a fe'w feet deeper. No Eed Rock found in drilling. Best daily l)roduction, 40 barrels. Doufjhcrli) Well No. 2. Situated on the MeCleary farm, Fairview townshi]), Butler county, Ba., about one mile south 80° west of Petrol ia, and one and a ({uailer miles north 00° cast from Sutton well No. 4. iMouth of well 1,327 feet above ocean. Conductor 10 to 10 55.. , surface yellow 5 ‘‘ 15 Slate, bluish 55 “ 70 lamestoue, thickness unknovv’ii ^^Ijiine- slone” “ 70 Slab', sa.ndy, to]) blue, botloin gray and innddy 85 “ 155 55., gray 51 200 Coal, slaty, “Coal” 3 “ 200 Saiid shells, hard and blue, 10 “ 210 Slate, dark 21 “ 240 Limestone “Fei'ril‘ei-ous Liniestoiie” 20 200 Slate, soft, dark 20 “ 280 55., ^‘()0' Rock,” gritly, wliile 80 “ 3{)0 Slate, very bles ‘SStray Third’’ ..29 1411 Slate, dark 1 1412 SS., coarse and i^ray, ‘‘Thii'd Sand” 19 1431 Slate, dark 19 “ 1450 Red rock 8 1458 Slate, purplish 24 “ 1482 SS., vellowish-gray, very line at bottom, ^‘I’ourth Sand” ..! 27 1509 Slate, very dark 3 1512 Drilled dry. Cased at 4867 A little salt water in tlie ‘Aloiintain sand,” belo"\V the casing, about half enough to drill with. Very little gas in the “Second sand.” Oil in the “Third sand” at 1,415', and no increase in the “Fourth.” Torpedoed before being tubed with no apparent increase of oil. Average daily production, 15 barrels. 'ITk^se records can be converted for ready comparison with the West Virginia series where the Dittsburg coal is used as the Jveij roeli-, by adding 875 feet to the interval from the top of the Ferriferous limestone, since the horizon of this latter sti*atum comes at approximately that distance below the Pittsburg coal. They were all taken with equal care by the same party, and exhibit i]i a striking way the rapid chaMges' in the cliaraiuer of the strata within short distaiices. Hie “Second Sand” of thes(' re('X)rds is identical with the (iantz sand of Wasliington county, Pa., and it comes almost exactly 1,800 feet below the Pittsburg coal horizon, just as it does in Washington county, while the highest red. or purple bed of the Calskill lies immediately on its top. 'The Third sand''’ of tliese records ap{)ears to correspond witli the (jordon sand, of Wasliington county, but is only 2,050 feet below the Pittsbui’g coal, thus agreeing with the interval in the New Freeport held of Greene county, Ihi., and the ]\Tai*shall county field of West Virginia, ratlier than with tlie typical Gordon sand ivgion at Washington, Pa., wlann th(‘ same interval measures 2,100 f(vt, as it do(‘s in many regions of W(4zel county, W. Va. In this region of Butler county. Pa., the cxdidiratnd Speech- l(*y Gas sand, has reciuitly l)(‘en found jietroli feroiis. 'I4i(‘ rda- 94 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS tions of this sand to the Venango Oil Sand Group is shown by the record of well No. 1 on the M. G. Black farm, Fairview township, Butler county, furnished me by Mr. John Worthing- ton, of the South Penn Oil Company, v/hich reads as follows : d/. a. Black Well No. 1. , Feet. Feet. Interval .1050 to 1050 Second Sand, (Hundred-foot) . 105 “ 1155 Interval . 265 “ 1322 Third Sand . 3 “ 1325 Interval 40 “ 1365 Fourth Sand 35 “ 1400 Interval . 840 “ 2240 Speechley Sand 17 “ 2257 Since the top of the “Second sand’ ’ or “: Hundred-foot Butler county, lies about 935 feet below the FeA'riferous Lime- stone, the Speechley sand would come 2,125 below that stratum or say, 3,000 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburg coal in the Pennsylvania region. The top of the “Hundred-foot” sand (or Gantz and Fifty- foot combined) is found in northern West Virginia (Monon- galia, Marion and Wetzel counties) at 1,850 to 1,900 feet below the Pittsburg coal, so that the horizon of the Speechley sand should be looked for at 3,050 to 3,100 feet under the Pittsburg coal in the northern West Virginia oil region. Only one well in the northern portion of the state, so far as the writer is aware, has been drilled deep enough to penetrate the Speechley sand horizon, and this is the Wheeling Deep well on Boggs Run, which passed through a gray sand with a showing of oil at 2,995' or 1,095 feet below the top of the (Janiz sand horizon. This might possibly represent the Speechley sand of Pennsylvania, since this interval belov/ the top of the Gantz horizon is only a few feet less than in Butler county, and the westward thinning of the Devonian sediments would readily account for the dis- crepancy. Other wells in West Virginia should be drilled through this sand, since a new productive oil and gas horizon may result. WEST VIIU^INIA GEOLOGICAL STIUVEY 0*5 Td the Thorn crei'k district of Butler county, Ihi., tlie Gantz and “Fifty-foot” sands of the Petrol ia, reg'ion, coalesce into one solid mass, known as the “ Ilmidred-foot, ” as shown in the fol- lowing’ record from 1-5, page 203. Wallace Farm Well No. 16. Tliorn Creek district, Penn townshij^, Butler county. Owners and authority : Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Feet. (H to 455 Limestone (Ferriferous) . , . . 20 i c 475 (?) (680' casing) ,..225 ( ( 700 SS., Mountain sand ..210 ( i 910 (H ...368 i ( 1278 SS., Gas sand (Berea) .. 40 i i 1318 (?) . . 98 1 i 1416 SS., Hundred-foot . . 90 C i 1506 (H . . 74 ( ( 1580 SS., Tbirty-foot .. 28 ( i 1608 (H ' ; 22 ( ( 1630 SS., Blue Monday .. 20 i ( 1650 .. 50 ( i 1700 SS., Boulder . . 5 ( ( 1705 (?) .. 17 i i 1722 SS., Third sand .. 30 i 1 1752 SS., Fourtli sand . . 16 i ( 1768 ( ?) to bottom .. 4 i ( 1772 Another record from the southern portion of Donegal township, Butler county, drilled by the Fisher Oil Company on the Hickey farm, reads as follows: llickey Farm, Well No. 3. November 20th, 1880. Contractors, Younkins & Co. Feet. Peel. (H 330 330 lamestoiie, (Ferriferous) 22 352 (H (500' of easing) 218 570 SS., Mountain sand 200 770 (H 130 900 SS., Fij-st sand 50 ‘‘ 950 (H 170 1120 SS., Gas sand (Perea) 50 1170 (H 145 1315 SS., llundred-foot 50 1365 ( H 15 1380 SS., Thirty-foot 20 1400 (H 50 1450 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS SS., Line Afonday 15 1465 (?) 15 '' 1480 SS., Boulder .15 1495 (?) ' 75 1570 SS., Third sand to })ottoni 39 “ 1609 Tlie ^‘Oas’’ sand of tlaese records is provisionally identified ])y tlie wi'iter, with the ‘'Berea Grit” of Ohio and AVest Ahro-inia. The iniervai from the “Third,” or Gordon sand np L) the liorizon of tlie Pittsburg coal, has here thickened np to a little over 2,100 feet, as we find by adding 875 feet for the thickness of the measures a.]>ove the Ferriferous limestone. Still farther to the southwest in A¥est Peer township, Alle- gheny county, the measures continue^ to thicken as siiown l)y the following record from page 241 1-5: rmstro) ig ^Ye 1 1. Located on the Armstrong farm, north line A¥est Deer township, Allegheny county. .Owners, the vAllegheny Syndi- cate. Autliority, Wolf & Galey, contractors. Feet. Coaduetor 12 Slate and sliells 358 Slate 20 Goal 5 Thmestone, (FeiTiiei’ons) 15 Slate and sliells 200 SS., “Alountai]! Sands" (Big Injim) 225 Slate and shells 50 SS 20 Slate and shells 325 SS., “Gas Sand” (Berea) 97 Slate 40 SS., ‘ ‘ Hnnd red-foot ” 113 Slate 5 SS. 20 Slate 25 Red rock (5 SS., “ Thii'lv-foot ’ ’ 30 Slate 25 SS., “Bine Alonday” 20 Slate 2 SS L5 Slate 20 SS., ^Gloulder or Third Sand” 25 Slate 30 Feet, to 12 “ 370 390 “ 395 '' 410 610 “ R35 ^ ' S85 905 “ 1230 “ 1327 (Water at 1240') “ 1367 1480 “ 1485 1505 “ 1530 “ 1536 1566 “ 1591 1611 “ 1613 “ 1628 “ 1648 ‘‘ 1673 “ 1703 / WESl' VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1)7 SS., Oil sand iinpi’odiietive 17 1720 Slate 40 1700 Red r(K'k 20 1780 Slate 100 1070 SS., (Bayard) 30 2000 Slate and shells to bottom 243 2243 Unproductive “ .... The names in parentheses are added by the writer (I. C. W.) Here the interval to the ‘‘Third”, or Gordon sand, from the Pittsburg: coal, is 2,128 feet and to the “Hundred-foot” 1,847 feet, while to a sand which corresponds with the Bayard of Greene county, the interval is 2,450 feet. Along the Ohio Valleju just below Pittsburg, some sand horizons beneath the Third,’’ or Gordon, become oil and gas ])earing as shown by the follovdng record on the Smith farm, page 248-9 1-5 : Smith Well. Ijocated on the G. W. Smith farm, Ohio township, Alle- gheny county. Pa. Authority, Geo. II. Dimick. Well mouth 100 feet below the “Crinoidal” limestone. Feet. Feet. Conductor 15 to 15 Slate 10 25 SS 120 145 Coal blossom, slate, etc 50 “ 195 SS 50 “ 245 Slate 12 257 SS. and slate partings 78 335 Slate 15 350 SS., dark gray 50 “ 400 Slate and shale (550' of 5%" casing 222 “ 022 SS. in slate, iiTegular 08 “ 090 SS. top white, coarse, bottom dark 300 990 Slate 35 '' 1025 Shells 10 1035 SS 95 “ 1130 Slate 72 “ 1202 SS 28 1230 Slate 110 1340 SS., white, coarse (oil and gas in top, salt water 18') (Berea horizon) 102 “ 1442 Slate 15 1457 SS., bluish top, white bottom. One (linn- 98 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOliDS rlrcd-foot) 133 1590 Slate (1G30' of 41 / 4 " casino') 75 “ 1665 SS 16 16S1 Slate 17 169S SS. ^H^lover seed” reddish at bottom 10 1708 Slate 35 sand shells 9', slate S' 20 1728 SS., little oil (Third or Gordon} 18 1746 Slate and sand shells 46 1792 SS., white, fine (gas at top, oil at bottom) (Fourth) . . ." 28 1820 Slate 40 1860 SS. 3 1863 Slate, soft 4 1867 SS., ‘‘Simpson Gas Sand” (Fiftli or Mc- Donald) 17 “ 1884 Slate, to bottom 56 “ 1940 This record introduces a new sand, the (Fifth, or Mc- Donald) at a lower horizon than the Fourth sand of the Butler county group, viz. : the one struck at 1,867 feet, or (by adding 400 feet), 2,267 feet below the horizon of the Pittsburg coal, while above it, in proper succession come the Fourth, Third, Gordon, ‘‘Hundred-foot,^’ and Berea sands, the latter being struck at 1,340 feet or 1,740 feet below the Pittsburg coal, since this coal belongs 400 feet above the derrick floor. Another very interesting record is that of a well drilled by Jones & Laughlin on the South Side, Pittsburg, near the Monon- gahela river, given by Mr. Jno. F. Carll in the Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey for 1886, page 730, as follows : Jones (P Laughlins’ Well, No. 1. Commenced July 10, 1884. Completed April 10, 1885. Located on the east side of Twenty-sixth street, near the river; Twenty-fifth ward, Pittsburg, South Side, at Messrs. Jones & Laughlin ’s American Iron and Steel works, Allegheny county. Pa. Well mouth above ocean 735 feet. Feet. Feet. Surface gravels, drive pipe 80 to 80 Saudy slate and sand shells 15 “ 95 Slate, lead color 15 “ 110 SS., white, medium grain, friable, mica .... 60 “ 170 Slialy sandstone, fine, gray-black, mica, .... 15 “ 185 SS., gray, fine, a little slate near center .. 33 “ 218 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 99 Slate 12 '' 230 Sandy slate and shale, vei*y fine, mica, some ^•ray limestone and coal slate near top, trace of lime all through 58 288 Sandy slate and shells, dark 27 315 Slate, black, and trace of coal . 20 335 Sandy slate and shells, faint trace of lime. .35 370 SS., white, tine, mica, grayish at top and bottom 70 440 Slate, black, coal (Drillers say 3' of coal) . . 10 ‘‘ 450 Sandy slate, dark, granulating like sand .. 55 505 Sandy slate and brown and white shells, trace of coal 15 520 Sandy slate, gray, fine, mica, large per- centage of lime 20 540 Slate, black 45 585 Sandy slate and sandstone, tine, dark brownish-gray 10 595 SS., Avhite, medium, compact, white specks. ,50 ‘‘ 645 Slate, black, trace of coal 10 655 SS., dark ash-gray, tine, friable 25 680 Sandy slate, chocolate-brown, tine, mica ..30 710 Slate, dark, with gray shells 20 ‘‘ 730 SS., white, medium, compact 40 770 Slate, black, with some coal 20 790 (?) specimens omitted 35 826 Siliceous limestone, (white sand and buff Idmestone 20 845 Siliceous limestone, like bluish sandy shale. 8 853 Siliceous limestone, like gi’ay light sand ... 27 880 Slate and gray sand shells 30 910 Sandy slate, dai’k, gray, tine, mica 35 ‘‘ 945 SS., white, medinni, c()nii)acl, some dark slate at 104,7 and 1080' IGO ‘‘ 1105 Slate, dark, })nre (50 11(55 While sainl, and dark sandy slate, ‘Salt aiid pei)per rock” 35 “ 1200 Sandy slate, and slate bluish 20 “ 1220 SS., grayish, tine, Oaky, mica, (white in center) *55 “ 1275 SS., grayish, tine, flaky, mica, with layers of (lark slate 20 “ 1295 Slate, a little sandy, 2(K ^ • Slate, common, 45' > ....130 1426 Slate, a little sandy, (55' ) SS., gray, fine, some lime, “Gas sand” (Berea) 25 “ 1450 Slate, common, little sandy top and bottom. 75 “ 1525 100 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS SS., white, top fine, center and bottom quite coarse (Hundred-foot) 93 1618 Slate, black, granulating like sand 7 1625 SS., white and brown mixed, fine 10 1635 Slate and shells, dark 8 1643 SS., white, top grayish and mixed with sandy slate, bottom wdiite, little slate; pebble shell at 1650' 25 1668 Slate and sandy shells 7 1675 SS., white, medium, (Pebble shell at 1705' .45 1720 Sandy shale, red and green 20 1740 Slate and shells 15 ‘‘‘‘ 1755 Slate, common 43 1798 SS., pebbly, (say 2' pebbles and 5' grayish sand, fine) good flow of gas (Gordon) . 7 1805 Slate, black, iron pyrites (probably some shells at top) 15 1820 Slate, dark, with greenish-gray shells and streaks of red 13 1833 Slate, blue-black 27 1860 SS., yellowish-gray, fine, very hard 8 1868 Slate and shells 12 1880 Sandy slate, red and green, soft, wdth very red clay, 10 1890 SS., yellowush-gray, fine, hard 10 1900 Slate and shells, bluish-gray 3 1903 Slate and shells, greenish-gray and red, . . 12 1915 SS., yellowish-gray, medium 7 1922 Slate, common 24 1946 Slate and shells 8 1954 SS., yellowish-gray, medium, very hard q i i 1956 Slate and sand, greenish-gray and red, lime .... 3 ( ( 1959 SS., greenish-gray, with reddish 1 ^ . (5th) slate 3 i i 1962 Slate and shells 6 i i 1968 Slate, sandv 11 i 1 1979 SS., white, fine, mica, flaky, hard 7 ( i 1986 Slate, comnton 22 ( ( 2008 Slate wuth sand shells 17 ( ( 2025 SS., white, very fine and hard .... 9 ( ( 2034 Slate, common 132 ( ( 2166 , Slate, sandy, with some reddish laye rs .... 77 i i 2243 Slate, a portion of it shelly 148 ( ( 2391 Slate, sandy, much mica, bailings some- times dark red 90 i i 2481 Slate, common, fossils at 2485' . . . 136 i i 2617 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 101 8S. and slate, brownisli-^ray, niieaccons . . 4 ‘‘ 2021 Slate, with 2' fossil band at 20()0' 44 2005 Slate, with pyrites and suine fossils 240 “ 2911 Slate, some fossilc bands 89 3000 “kSoiiic i^as strvKdv at 1798 feet; large flow at 1,804 feet.” The sand at 1,954-1,980 feet is evidently the McDonald or Fifth oil sand, and it conies 429 feet below the top of the “Iluudred- f oot. ’ ’ The Pittsburg coal crops in the hills here at 325 feet above the derrick floor, and hence that interval added to the depth at which any particular stratum was struck will give its horizon below this important geological level. As a supplement to this record, and probably kept with a little more care, we give that of the Painter well about one mile distant, also starting on the bank of the Monongahela river, and at the same (325 feet) interval below the Pittsburg coal. It is given by Mr. Carll on page 739 of the Report for 1886, above referred to as follows: , Fainter Well. Located at the Iron works of J, Painter & Sons, on W. Car- son street, Thirty-fourth Ward, Pittsburg; being under the cliffs on the south bank of the Ohio river, about midway between tlie Point bridge and Temperanceville. Compiled from a set of 94 sand purnpings, preserved by Mr. Harper, superintendent of Iron works. Well mouth above ocean in feet, 730. (*?) no s])ecimen 40 to 40 Sandy shale and clay, light gray 30 ‘‘ 70 li Slate, gray 30 “ 100 Shale, daik, fossils, (Upper Cain- I bridge, L. S.) 5 105 ( Slaty sandstone, thin layers, micaceous 15 120 ■ SS,, ash-gray, friable, medium grain, mica 25 145 Slate, dark, gidtty, micaceous 15 160 Shales, reddish and greenish 30 190 Shale, sandy, trace of red and lime- stone 23y2 ‘‘ 2131/2 Coal, slate with little coal (Lower Cambridge) 41/2 ” 218 SS., gray, with e(pial portion of dark slate 8 226 102 OIL AND GAS WELL liECOliDS Slate, dark 34 i ( 2G0 Dark sliales and iresidency of JMr. AV. J. Young of Pittsl)urg, now the chief executive officer of the South Penn Oil Company. This well is situated in Allegheny county. Pa., a few miles southwest from Pittsburg. Through the intelligent public spirit of Mr. Young the well was dedicated to science, and at my re(]uest. Prof. AAhn. llallock, the eminent physicist of Columbia University, was given every facility for testing the well for tem|)erature, the results of which are irublished in con- nection with the record, ’fhe intention of Mr. Young was to drill the well into the Cor iiif crons Limestone, but an accident left the tools and over 1,000 feet of cable in the well after it had been drilled to a depth, of 5,575 feet, thus elfeetually plugging the hole, since all efforts to get hold of the broken cable were fruitless. An atten^)t to dissolve it with sulphuric acid was made, but after two years of unsuccessful efforts to clear the hole, it was finally abandoned much to the regg'et of Mr. Young, v/ho had expended many thousands of dollars in the interest of I)ure science. This record as compiled by Mr. Young and Mr. Crocker, the snpej'intendent of the h’orest Oil Company, from the drilling samples, and kindly furnished the Survey for pub- lication, reads as follows: 104 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS Deepest Well in Uie United States. Drilled near AVest Elizabeth by the Forest Oil Company, 1898. Loeated on Wm. Bedell farm, 12 miles south soiitheat>t of l^ittsburo’^ Allegheny county. Pa. Depth 5,575 feet. Authority, Mr. W. J. Young; for temperature. Prof. Wm. Hallock, Columbia University, New York. Beginning 130 feet below the Pittsburg coal. Slate 40 40 Bottom of 10" casing at .... 40 ^ ‘ 50 Limestone 10 50 Shales 89 130 Slate 105 235 Sand 30 265 Slate 40 305 Coal (Bakerstown) 3 308 Slate 100 408 Bottom of 814" casing at . . . 360 ‘ ^ 360 Coal 2 410 Slate 75 485 Sand 40 525 (Temperature 57° Falir.) Shale 10 535 Coal (L. Freeport) 2 537 Slate 25 562 Sand 65 627 Shale 15 642 Coal (M. Kittanning) .... 3 ‘‘ 645 Limestone 10 655 hate 30 685 Limestone 15 700 Slate 50 750 Sand 35 '' 785 Slate 5 790 Salt Sand 95 885 Slate and shells 115 “ 1000 Slate 30 '' 1030 Red rock 20 ‘‘ 1050 Limestone (Big, M’t., etc.). 50 1100 Big Injun 310 '' 1410 Bottom of 614" casing at 1320' '' 1320 Slate and shells 60 1470 Sand 15 1485 Slate 7 3492 Sand 5 1497 Slate 18 1515 Sand, (Berea U 50 '' 1565 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 10 Slate and shells GO 1625 lainesloiie 10 1635 Slate and shells 100 1735 Sand, (Gantz'/) 25 1760 Slate and shells 20 1780 Limestone 10 1790 Slate 20 1810 Sand 15 1825 Slate and shells 45 “ 1870 Sand 20 1890 Slate 5 1895 Sand (‘^Thirty-foot’^) .... 40 “ 1935 Slate 3 “ 1938 Sand ( 18 to 1956 Slate ] “Stray” 30 “ 1986 Sand i 7 “ 1993 Ked rock 3 “ 1996 Sand, (Gordon, Third, etc.. 65 “ 2061 Red rock 5 “ 2066 Sand (Fourth) 30 “ 2096 Redrock and shells 15 “ 2111 Slate and shells 15 “ 2126 Sand 5 “ 2131 Slate 3 “ 2134 Sand 18 “ 2152 Redrock and shells .30 “ 2182 Sand (Fifth or McDonald) 25 “ 2207 Red rock and shells 35 “ 2242 Slate 10 “ 2252 (Temperature 64° Fahr.) Sand 5 “ 2257 Slate and shells 25 “ 2282 Sand (Bayard^ 5 “ 2287 (Gas, volume 251h i)er min.) Sand ...^ 10 “ 2297 Redrock 25 “ 2322 Slate and shells 75 “ 2397 (Temperature, 78° Fahr.) Sand (Elizabeth) 3 “ 2400 Shells 200 “ 2600 Slate 150 “ 2750 Slate and shells 200 “ 2950 Slate 100 “ 3050 Limestone and shells 100 “ 3150 Sand (Speech ley?) 15 “ 3165 Slate ■ 335 “ 3500 Sand (Bradford) trace of oil 20- “ 3520 Slate and shells 175 “ 3695 Slate and shells 195 “ 3890 Slate and shells 140 “ 4030 1()() OIL AND GAS WELL RECOliDS Slate and shells^ 180 4210 Slate and shells 190 4400 >Slale and shells 75 4475 Slate 23 4498 Shells 2 4500 Slate 32 4532 Shells 13 4545 Slate 25 4570 Ivimestone 20 4590 Slate 10 4600 Sand 30 4630 Slate 40 4670 ramestonc 20 4690 Slate 20 4710 Shells 15 4725 Slate 15 4740 Slate and shells 10 4750 Sand 20 4770 Slate 10 4780 Limestone 10 4790 Slate 20 4810 Shells 10 '' 4820 Slate 20 4840 Limestone 15 4855 Slate 20 '' 4875 Shells 10 4885 Slate 5 4890 Slate and shells 10 4900 Slate 15 '' 4915 Shells 5 4920 Slate 30 4950 Shells 5 4955 Slate 45 5000 Limestone 10 5010 (Tem})erature 120° Fahr.) Slate 10 '' 5020 Slate and shells 10 5030 Slate 20 5050 Limestone 10 5060 Slate 10 '' 5070 Slate and shells 10 5080 Slate 10 '' 5095 Slate and shells 5 ‘‘ 5100 Limestone 5 5085 Slate 30 '' 5130 Limestone 10 “ 5140 Slate 20 5160 Limestone 10 5170 Slate 10 5180 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 107 Hinosiono 50 5230 Slate 30 5260 Liinesloiio 10 5270 Slate 20 '' 5290 Tjiniestoiie 5 ‘‘ 5295 Slate 25 5320 Liniestoiie 10 5330 Slate 30 ‘‘ 5360 Limestone 5 5365 Slate 15 5380 (Temperatui'o 127° Ealir.) Limestone 10 5390 Slate 20 5410 Slate ami shells 20 5430 Slate 15 5445 Inmestoiie 5 “ 5450 Slate 20 5470 Slate and shells 10 “ 5480 Slate 20 5500 Slate 75 5575 (Bottom of hole.) (The identilications in i)arentheses are added by I. C. W.) 4Tie hole stoi)j)ed in a dark shale supposed to be the Marcel- Itis, and x^robaldy not more than 100 feet above the horizon of the Corniferous limestone, although of course, this is a mere in- ference based ui)on the fact that in the Conway deep well near Franklin, Fa., the top of the Corniferous was struck at 3,608 feet below the top of the Venango Oil Sand Crouj), wiiile the drill in the Bedell well stopped at 3,840 feet below the same hori- zon, and hence tlm Devonian sliales could not extend much deeper. The sand at 3,150 feet has been doubtfully identified with the l^peechleij horizon, since it underlies the Pittsburg coal by an interval (3,280 feet) 200 feet greater than in Butler county. This, however, would agree with the general south- eastward thickening, and is what would be exx)ected. Messrs. Young and Crocker are resx)onsible for the identification with the Bradford hoiazon, of the sand struck at 3,500 feet. Tile Warren Hand which, accoi’ding to Oliphant, lies 350 feed. al)ove the Speechley sand, or 500 feet below the top of the Fourth Hand, does not appear to have been represented by any distinct sand in this Bedell record. Its horizon belongs mair the bottom of the 200 feet of ‘‘Shells” the toj) of which was struck at 2,400 feed,. 08 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS A few i-ecoi'ds of wells drilled through the Speechley Sand ill Armstrong county, Fa., one of them finding the Bradford Sand, •have just lieen received through the kindness of Mr. Emmet Queen, of Pittsburg. They are published here, since they serve to illustrate the relation of the deep sands (Speechley, IF-adforcl, etc.) of Pennsylvania to the higher Venango Sands (dantz, (iordon. Fourth, etc.,) which with the Big Injun above, form the principal oil and gas ])roducing horizons of West Virginia. The Mountain Sand of these records is the “Big Injun Sand“ of West Virginia, the “ Ilundred-foot” represents the Gantz and Fifty-foot, while the Third Sand comes at the horizon of the Gordon bed. Brady’s Bend Well. Armstrong county. Pa. Authority, Emmet Queen. Feet. Feet. Wood eoiiduetor IS to 18 Unrecorded 17 35 Ferriferous limestone 20 55 Firechay 15 70 Coal 4 74 Slate and shale 156 230 Mountain Sand, (Big Injun) .' 243 473 Slate and shale 162 635 First Sand 38 673 Slate and shale 185 858 Gas Sand, (Berea) 24 882 Slate and shale 102 984 Hundred-foot Sand 84 1068 Slate and shale 57 1125 Tliirty-foot Sand 30 1155 Slate and shale 105 1260 Third Sand, (Gordon) 20 1280 Slate 10 '' 1290 Fourth Sand ‘Hloulder” 10 1300 Slate and shale 40 1340 Fourth Sand 17 1357 Slate and shale 503 1860 Beaty Sand, (Warren) 25 1885 Slate and sliale 335 2220 Speechley Sand (fifteen feet of to]) of this sand was gray and full of pebbles) (Gas) 60 2280 Slate and shale, (in this was 300 feet red WEST VIIUUNIA (^lEOLOGICAL SURVEY 109 rock 1020 3300 Bradford Sand, (fifteen feet of top of this was full of pebbles, the })alance was brownisli color and honey combs and showed dark oil) SO 33S0 Slate and red rock 137 3617 Total depth of well 3517 Joseph. McElroij Well. Armstrong county, Po. Authority, Emmet Queen. Feet. Feet. Conductor, wood IS to IS Fireclay, slate and shales 172 190 Coal 4 194 Slate and shales 56 “ 250 Coal 5 255 Slate and shale 30 285 Ferriferons limestone 16 301 Slate and shale 60 “ 361 Sixty and Forty-foot Sand SO 441 Slate and shale 50 491 Alonntain Sand (Big Injnn) 250 “ 741 Slate and shale 130 S71 Sand S5 956 Slate and shale 175 1131 ^^Gas” Sand, (Berea) 20 “ 1151 Slate and shale 1S9 “ 1340 Ilnndred-foot Sand, ((tas) 75 “ 1415 Slate and shale 131 ‘‘ 1546 Tiiird Sand, (Gordon) 11 1557 Slate and shale 6S 1615 Fourth or Fifth Sand 25 1640 Slate and shale 4S0 2120 Beaty Sand, (Warren) 15 2135 Shales and slate 361 2496 Si)eechley Sand SI “ 2577 Slate, (Bottom t)f well) 15 '' 2592 The Speechley Sami was liard ou top for 15 feet, tlieu a l)reak of 20 feet of slate, then sand to bottom at 2,555, we got a little gas and show of oil. The Avell is sluit in and is a good gas well from 1 lundred-foot Sand. W. Stambaugli Well. Armstrong county, Pa. Autliority, Emmet Queen. Feet. Feet. Condnetor, wood 15 15 Fireclay SO ‘‘ 95 110 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS Shales 40 “ 135 Ferriferous lira* oe 15 150 Sand and shales 105 345 Seventy-foot Sand 70 415 Mountain Sand (T'ig Injun) 280 “ 605 Shale and slate 205 “ 000 First Sand 80 080 Shale and slate 30 “ 1010 /‘Gas’’ Sand, (Berea) 20 “ 1030 Slate and shale 70 “ 1100 Hundred-foot Sand 00 “ 1100 Slate and shale 30 “ 1220 “Thirty-foot” Sand 25 “ 1245 Slate and shale 65 “ 1310 Boulder, Third Sand 10 “ 1320 Slate and shale 40 “ 1360 Third Sand 30 “ 1300 Slate and shale 80 “ 1470 Fourth Sand 16 “ 1486 Slate and shale 60 “ 1546 Fifth Sand 12 “ 1558 Shales 566 “ 2124 Beaty Sand, (Warren) ' . 20 “ 2144 Shale and slate 202 “ 2436 Speechley Sand, top broken and shaly, (Gas) f.. 45 “ 2481 Slate and shale, to bottom 180 “ 2661 iMilt Claypool Well. /Armstrong county, Pa. Authority, Emmet Queen. Feet. Feet. Conductor, wood 8 to 8 Sand 200 “ 208 Lower Kittanning Coal 4 “ 212 Slate and shale 41 “ 253 Ferriferous limestone 20 “ 273 Sand, slate and shales 227 “ 500 Seventy-foot Sand 80 “ 580 Mountain Sand, (Big Injun) 400 “ 080 Shales and slate 160 “ 1140 Gas Sand, (Berea) 12 “ 1152 Shales and slate 88 “ 1240 Hundred-foot Sand 100 “ 1340 Slate 10 “ 1350 Thirty-foot Sand 4/) “ 1300 Sand, slate and shale 150 “ 1540 Third Sand (Gordon) 10 “ 1550 Slate and shale 80 “ 1630 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGIC A I. SURVEY 1 Fonrtli Sand 80 ‘^1710 Slate and shale 04 1774 Fifth Sand 6 1780 Slate and shale 442 2222 Beaty Sand, (Warren) 25 2247 Slate and shale 235 2482 Tiona Sand, (show of oil) 7 2480 Shale and slate 72 2501 Si^eechley Sand (this is bottom portion the toj) Ixiin*]: broken with slate and shale) . . 20 2581 Charles Redd Farm Well. Arinstroiig ct)uiity, Pa,. Authority, Emmet Queen. Feet. Feet. Conductor, wood 14 to ]4 Fireclay, slate and shale 100 “ 120 Ferriferous limestone 10 “ 130 Slate and shale 92 212 Seventy-foot Sand 93 “ 305 Slate and shale 50 355 Mountain Sand, (Biy Injun) 245 000 Slate and shale 280 880 First Sand 80 '' 900 Shales 130 1090 Hundred-foot Sand, (Gantz and Fifty- foot), (little gas) ! . 90 '' 1180 Slate and shale 170 1350 Third Sand, (Gordon) 30 1380 Slate and sliale 70 1450 Fourth Sand 10 1400 Slate and shale 70 “ 1530 Fifth Sand 8 1541 Slate and shale 500 2110 Beaty Sand, (Warren) 20 2130 Slate and shale 245 2375 Tiona Sand 10 2385 Slate and shale 40 2431 Speechley Sand 40 2471 Slate and shale 14 ‘‘ 2485 Sand S 2493 Slate and shale 132 2025 Sand 10 ‘‘ 2035. Slate and shale, to bottom 140 2775 The Ferriferous Limestone comes near the base of the Alle- grheny Formation, at 825 to 875 feet below the horizon of the Fitts burg coal. This Limestone is a Key rock for the Venang'o Groap of Samis, in Butler and Armstrongs counties of Pennsyl- 112 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS vania, just as the Pittsburg coal is for the oil sands of West Virginia, and the horizon of the latter stratum with reference to any of the strata in the.:;e records can be found by adding 850 feet for the interval of the Ferriferous limestone below the Pitts1)urg coal. These records show that several oil and gas sands belong in the interval between the Bayard Sand, and the Bradford Sand horizon, which have never yet been iienetrated by any wells drilled in northern West Virginia except at the one deep well near Wheeling. Of course, none of these very deep sands may exist in Yfest Virginia in good productive condition, but still the matter should be tested by the drill, since all the higher Pennsylvania horizons have proven richly oil and gas bearing in northern Vfest Virginia. The most carefully kept oil well record in Pennsylvania is that of the S. B. Phillips well. No. 1, of the Woodland Oil Com- pany, in the McDonald field of Allegheny county. Through the intelligent co-operation of Mr. T. J. Vandergrift, the President of the V/oodland Oil Company, a sample of the drillings was washed and preserved, every time the tools were removed from the hole, while steel line measurements were made at every im- portant change in the character of the rock. Prom the driller’s log, and the samples themselves a detailed record was made up by the writer and published in full in Vol. I, pages 214-226, West Virginia Geological Survey. The record of this well is of especial interest, occurring as it does in one of the most prolific oil pools ever discovered in the Appalachian field, and it will be given here in a summarized form as a standard for comparison since it occurs only 40 miles distant from the West Virginia State line : .8. B. Phillips Well, No. 1. McDonald, Pa., oil field. Drilled by Wally and Seybert, contractors, for the Woodland Oil Company. T. J. Vandergrift, President. Feet. Feet. SO to 86 4 90 Unrecorded . . , Coal, Pittsburg WEHT VIUGINTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lU} Firo cl{iy Gray sand Tdnicstono . . . Liiiio, shells and slate 11 ld() Gray sand 24 ‘‘ 154 Black slate 5 159 Gray sand and slate 41 200 White slate 19 219 Ited rock 39 ‘‘ 258 White slate 7 265 Coal, Elk Lick, and fire clay. 5 270 White slate 35 ‘ ^ 305 Black slate 72 377 White slate 10 387 Gray sand, soft 72 459 Black, red and white slate 16 475 White slate 38 513 Gray sand and slate 16 529 Black slate 12 541 Diinkard or Cow Run Sand (Upper Mahon- ini>-) 50 591 Coal, Mahoning 7 598 Wiiite slate, rod slate and shells and sand. 105 703 lilack and white slate 61 764 Coal, Lower Freeport 7 771 White slate, lime and shells 15 786 Black slate 53 839 Coal, Upper Kittanning, and slate 7 846 Fire clay; water 6 '' 852 P)lack slate and (ire clay 17 869 Coal, Middle Kittanning 3 872 Black slate and shells 12 884 Coal, Lower Kittanning and slate 5 889 Black slate and shells, and sand 34 923 Black sand, haial 14 ‘‘ 937 Black sand, soft 15 952 Coal, Upper Clarion, and black slate 5 957 6" Gra,y ami black slate, and shells 10 967 6" Coal, Lower Clarion, and black slate 3 970 6" Black slate and shells 6 976 ^‘Salt Sand”, (I’ottsville) 217 '' 1193 Black slate and sand 39 ‘‘ 1232 ‘‘Eig Injun” Sand, hard 237 1469 Black and white slate, sand and shells . . 88 1557 “Squaw Sand” a hard gray sand with nine feet of black slate near the middle 42 “ 1599 Black and gray shales, with some sandy 114 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS beds 201 1800 Sand, wliite and bine, bard, (Berea?) .... 29 1829 Gray and black shales 77 ‘‘ 1906 Red rock 14 1920 Black slate and shells 12 1932 “Gantz” Sand, top of ‘‘Hnndred-foot” Sand, hard, grayish white. 27 1959 Slate, ‘‘break’’ 11 “ 1970 “Fifty-foot” Sand, hard, white and gray sand, gas and water at 13 feet below its top, no slaty layers. .' 46 “ 2016 Black slate and shells 79 “ 2095 Cased 4yg-inch at 2,023. ‘Thirty-foot’ ’ Sand, gray, hard .......... 25 “ 2120 Show of oil at 2,111 “ .... Black slate 27 “ 2147 “Stray” and “Gordon” Sands, combined.. 63 “ 2210 A little gas at 2,167, in upper gray portion (“Stray”); more gas at 2,188 and 2,193, in lower white portion (“Gor- don”) “ .... Black slate, with a thin “stray” sand .... 43 “ 2253 “Fourth” Sand, gray and white, hard ..20 “ 2273 Black slate and sand, hard 38 “ 2311 “Fifth” or “McDonald” sand, “pay streak” or oil 19 feet below top, a gray sand 24 “ 2335 Black slate to bottom of well at 7 “ 2342 These i^eiinsyivaiiia records, although many miles distant from the Mason and Dixon line, are yet very pertinent to the oil and gas interests of ACest Virginia since they reveal the fact that l)y deeper drilling it is posible to develop at least two more prolific horizons for either gas or oil in the West Virginia fields. We shall now give a few records from the Pennsylvania counties (Fayette, Gree]ie and Washington) which lie farther south and adjoin the V7est Virginia boundary. A deep well was drilled by the Fayette County Gas Com- {)any on the ’riiompson farm, German township, Fayette county. Pa., which gave the following succession, according to hlr. Best, Superintendent of the Payette Company: Thornpson Well, No. 1. Thoilipson farm, German township, Fayette county^ Pa. Authority, Fayette County Gas Company. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUEEVY 115 Tjiiuestone 8 Coal 290 Limestone, slate 295 Pittsburg coal S40 Ten-incli casing Sand 624 Limestone, slate ^54 Coal 861 Black sand 864 Limestone, slate 904 Coal ' 930 Sand, hard and little gas 1000 Lime slate 1005 White sand 1080 Eight and one-fourth-inch easing 1100 Coal 1150 Sand and little water 1240 Slate 1300 Sand, Salt with much water 1310 Bottom of Salt sand 1385 Six and one-fourth-inch casing 1410 Red rock and limestone 1412 Sand 1535 Red rock 1545 Top of Big Injun 1600 Top of pay streak by steel line 1736 By cable 1707 A little oil 1712 Ijittle oil and water by steel line 1740 Bottom of Big Injun 1764 Pour and seven-eighths-inch casing by steel line 1800 S(iuaw Sand 1774 Slate 1975 Shell and slate 2075 Cantz Sand (very iiard and light in color) by steel line 2179 By cable S140 Dark sand 2148 Eifty-fool Sand 2200 Dark sand 2213 Sand, a little gray 2244 Slate 2254 Sand, hard and blue 2259 Slate 2282 White sand 2288 Slate and shells 2317 Daik sand 2309 IIG OIL AND GAS WELL EECOllDS Slate 2375 Red rock 2392 Slate and shells 2398 Red rock 2403 Gordon Sand, light gi'ay and hard 2412 Slate 2417 Sand 2422 Slate 2428 Fourth Sand, brown 2464 Red rock 2467 Fifth Sand 2493 Red rock and shells 2500 Dark sand 2592 Red rock 2632 Red sand 2662 Slate 2687 Sand 2700 Slate 2718 Bayard Sand 2748 Slate 2803 Elizabeth Sand by steel line 2850 By cable 2808 Slate 2819 Bottom of hole by steel line 2907 The identifications of the Gantz, Gordon, Fourth and Fifth Sands are as g:iven by the driller’s log, and may not be correct in all cases, but the Bayard sand struck at 2,408 feet below the Pittsburg coal would appear to be correctly placed, as also the Elizabeth Sand, 100 feet lower. This record is instructive as showing the difference between the usual cable measurements, and the more accurate steel line determinations, the latter being always 80 to 40 feet greater. In Washington county, and one-half mile east from Bealls- ville, near the old National Pike, the record of a well drilled on th« land of J. M. Miller by the Payette County Gas Company was kept with much detail. It reads as follows, according to Mr. Jos. W. Craig, Vice President of the Company: J. M. Miller Well, No. 1. Beallsville, AVashington county. Pa. Feet. Feet. Surface 10 to 10 Slate 7 17 Lime 12 29 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY J17 SI al e 15 { i 44 Sand 10 ( ( 54 Slnte 26 C ( 80 Lime 15 ( ( 95 Slate 10 ( ( 105 [jime 55 ( ( 160 Slate 5 ( i 165 Lime 68 C i 233 Slate 15 i i 248 Lime 24 i i 272 Slate IS i ( 290 Lime 10 i ( . 300 Sand 55 i ( 355 Coal, Pittsburg o i ( 357 Slate 8 ( i 365 Lime 5 i 1 370 Black slate 6 ( ( 376 Lime 44 i ( 420 Slate 20 i i 440 Lime 10 ( ( 450 Slate 10 { t 460 Red rock 25 i ( 485 Lime 15 ( ( 500 Red rock 34 i ( 534 Tame 28 i ( 562 Sand 38 ( i 600 Lime 12 i i 612 Slate 15 C i 627 Lime 21 i ( 648 Red rock 20 ( ( 668 Lime .' 12 ( i 680 Tjime 10 ( c 690 Red rock 10 ( ( 700 Slate 15 ( ( 715 Lime 10 ( i 725 Slate 13 i i 738 Lime 17 ( i 755 Sand 30 ( ( 785 Lime 10 ( ( 795 Slate 10 ( ( 805 Sand 25 i ( 830 Lime 28 i i 858 Slate ( i 885 Red rock 10 ( ( 895 Slate i ( 920 Sand 33 ( { 953 Slate 0, ( i 955 118 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS Slate 10 1000 Lime 15 1015 Slate 5 ‘‘ 1020 Lime 10 ^M030 Sand 50 1080 C^al (U. Kittanning?) 5 ‘‘1085 Slate 55 “ 1140 Lime 20 “ 1160 Sand 60 “ 1220 Slate 5 “ 1225 Sand 25 “ 1250 Slate 70 “ 1320 Time 20 “ 1340 Slate 5 “ 1345 Lime 50 “ 1395 Sand 15 “ 1410 Slate 4 “ 1414 mik! sand 26 “ 1440 Black sand 20 “ 1460 Slate 10 “ 1470 Lime 10 “ 1480 Red rock 10 “ 1490 Lime, red 32 “ 1522 Lime, \\diite (“Big’’) 53 “ 1575 Rij? Tnjnn Sand 276 “ 1851 Slate 44 “ 1895 Sand 105 “ 2000 Slate 90 “ 2090 Lime 20 “ 2110 Slat« 19 “ 2129 Lime 21 “ 2150 Slate 10 “ 2160 Shells and slate .... 30 “ 2190 (Berea?) Sand 15 “ 2205 Red rock 5 “ 2210 Shells and slate 50 “ 2260 Gantz Sand 19 “ 2279 Slate 25 “ 2304 Fifty-foot Sand 25 “ 2329 Slate 16 “ 2345 Sand 25 “ 2370 Slate 35 “ 2405 Sand (“Thirty-f(n)t”) 20 “ 2425 Slate 25 “ 2450 Red rock 10 “ 2460 Shells and slate 22 “ 2482 Sand (Gordon) 21 “ 2503 Red rock 49 “ 2552 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lU) SMiid (‘‘Fourth’’) 30 Slate FS Sand 14 Shite, sand and shellB 70 Fifth Sand 15 Slate 25 Sand 25 Slate 10 Sand (Bayard) 15 Slate, sand and shells 410 Conductor 15 Ten-inch casing 414 Eight-inch casing 85(S Six and one-half-inch casing 1470 “ 2588 Gas at 2504 “ 2606 “ 2620 “ 2690 “ 2705 “ 2730 “ 2755 “ 2765 “ 2790 “ 3200 A little gas 3085 Well tubed with 4-inch tubing. Test first minute in 4-inch 281 pounds. Rock pressure after being shut in for 20 days 870 pounds. The Pittshicrg coal appears to have been quite thin in this well according to the driller’s record, but this is probably only a local ‘‘roll.” The sand at 2,190' is doubtfully referred to the horizon of the Berea and it may possibly represent the Gantz. The record is interesting as showing the presence of the Catskill red 'beds above the horizon of the Gantz Sand, the uppermost member of the Venango Oil Sand Group. The principal flow of gas was found in the “Fourth” Sand. About 10 miles west from Beallsville, and just west from Washington, a well has been drilled through the McDonald Sand on the land of Robert Wiley which gives the following results: Roheid Wiley, Well No. 1. On the farm of Robert W^iley, one mile and a half west from Washington, Pa., Larkin and Townsell, authority. Feet. Pittsbui'g Coal 519 Salt watei- at 1500 Fifty-foot Sand, top. 2360 Cas, fair, flow at. ... 2365 Bottom Fifty-foot Sand 2410 Top of Stray and Gord< n Sand (gas at 2570') 2560 Bottom of Stray and Gordon Sands 2640 Top Fourth Sand 2670 Bottom Fourth Sand 2688 Top Fifth Sand 2737 Bottom Fifth Sand 2753 Bottom of well 2774 120 OIL AND GAS WELL liECOllDS Til is record exhibits the westward thinning of the intervals between important strata, a feature everywhere common in the Appalachian region. Two important oil sands in the Venango Groiii) received naijies from the region of Washington, Pa., viz.: the Gantz Sand, and the Gordon Sand. The former is found at a distance of 1,800 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and 700 feet under the top of the Big Injun Sand, while the Gordon Sand belongs about 2,100 feet below the Pittsburg coal on the Gordon farm, just west from Washington, Pa., where the succession was as follows in the first weU on the Gordon farm, according to the late A. J. Montgomery, who sent me the following record: Gordon Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 2113 Gantz Sand, brown 22 to 2135 Slate and sand 20 i ( 2155 “Fifty-foot” Sand, white 51 ( ( 2206 Red, sandv shale 5 ( ( 2211 Dark shales 107 i i 2318 Sand, ^ ^ Gordon Stray, ’ ’ gray 26 ( ( 2344 Sand, Gordon, yellowish, white to bottom of hole 56 ( 1 2400 As will be observed from this record the Gordon Sand (in- cluding its top or “Stray” member) is a thick stratum at its type locality, and this it maintains southward into West Virginia. The red beds immediately under the “Fifty-foot” Sand mark a distinct stratigraphic horizon which can be followed as far southwest across West Virginia as the Little Kanawha river, beyond which they appear to fade aivay. In Greene county. Pa., just west from Payette and adjoin- ing the line of Monongalia county. West Virginia, many wells have been drilled for both gas and oil, and a few of these records will ])rove instructive. One of tliese on the Mary A. Purnian farm, about two miles northeast from Waynesburg, was drilled by the Chartiers Oil Company, Jos. W. Craig, President, and its record reads as follows: WEST VllUaNIA (JEOLOGK^.AL SURVEY 121 Mary .1. Pwniian Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. rondiH'toT 14 PiHsbnri';' (\)al 680 (Cased 10" at 710 ft.) ((bised 81/4" at 1500 1‘t.) Salt Sand, toji (Water at 1772 ft.) 1590 Sail Sand, bottom (Cased 0%" at 1830') . . . 1772 Ibi’’ Lime 80 to 1900 Li's? Injun Sand 280 ‘‘2180 Unrecorded 435 “ 2015 Fifty-foot Sand 25 “ 2040 Unrecorded 120 “ 2700 Gordon Sand 20 “ 2780 Unrecorded 0 “ 2780 Fourth Sand 2780 Unrecorded 164 “ 2950 Fifth Sand 20 “ 2970 Unrecorded 150 “ 3120 Bayard Sand (Gas at 3135') 20 “ 3140 Unrecorded 105 “ 3245 Elizabeth Sand and gas at 3245 Total depth 3200 On Casteel Run, eight miles northeast from Waynesburg, several wells have been drilled to the Bayard, and lower sands. One of these on the Strickler farm gives the following succession according to the Cai-negie Natural Gas Company : Dernpsey StricJder Well No. 1. Feet. Feet. Waynesburg Coal at 05 Pittsburg Coal at 413 Unrecorded 1287 to 1700 Big Injun Sand 240 “ 1940 Unrecorded 400 “ 2400 Fifty-foot Sand 00 “ 2400 Unrecorded 300 “ 2700 ! Fifth Sand 0 “ 2700 > Unrecorded 04 “ 2830 Bayard Sand_ 10 “ 2840 Unrecorded to bottom of well 104 “ 3004 'Fhe Bayard Band was named from the faian of Thojnas Bayard, about four miles southeast from Waynesburg, Pa., where a very large gas well was obtained in it ])y the Carnegie Natural Gfiy Com])any. Tlie record of this Bayard well, as furnished by Ml*. N. Johnson, Superintendent of the Carnegie Natural Gas Company, reads as follows: 122 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS Thomas Bayard Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 555 to 555 Pittsburg- Coal at 555 tnirecf'rded 1245 1800 Rig Tnjiin Sand 300 2100 Unrecorded 370 2470 Uantz Sand 40 ‘‘2510 Unrecorded 5 “ 2515 “Fifty-fcoU’ Sand 65 “ 2580 Uniecorded 135 “ 2715 Gordon Sand 35 “ 2730 Ihi recorded 20 “ 2750 “FonrtlU’ Sand ! 20 “ 2770 Unrecorded 65 “ 2835 “FiftlU’ Sand 10 “ 284,5 Unrecorded 115 “ 2960 Bayard Sand to bottom (gas) 5 “ 2965 3 0" Casing, 470'; 8" Casing, 1160'. Packed well with 4" tnbing. “Very large gfis well at 2,960 feet, and could driU only live feet into the sand.” “Rock pressure 1,100 pounds to the s(tnare inch.” As will be observed from the record, the top of the Bayard Hand comes 2,405 feet below the Pittsburg coal, 115 feet below the B^ifth, or IMcPonald Sand, and 490 feet below the top of the Gantz Sand. Several miles southwest from Waynesbnrg, on the land of Felix Bell, Wayne township, and only two miles from the West Virginia line, the Fort Pitt Gas Company found a large gas well in the McDonald or Fifth Sand. The record of this well was kept with much detail and is as follows, according to Mr. Jos. AV. Craig, President of the Fort Pitt Gas Company: Felix Bell Well, No. 1. •Feet. Feet. Cendretor 9 to 9 TTnroc' rded (13" ca^BTig, 1731 / 2 ') 266 “ 275 “P>lnff^’ Rand (AVaynesbnrg) water 45 “ 320 Mt. Moriis (\>al (Waynesbnrg) 320 Uni-ecorded ! 250 “ 570 C('a]. Mapletown (Rewickley) 570 Unrecorded ‘ 95 “ 665 Coal, Pitts])ni-g 665 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 12:? (Tiirccorded ( 10" Casin^^■ at 085') 20 085 Tjiiric and slate 00 “ 775 Red eavo 10 785 Slate and sliells 00 “ 875 Sand, dark 25 '' 000 Slate 20 020 Red eave 40 000 Slate 30 000 Sand, dark ^ra 3^ 15 1005 r oal Blosscm .... Slate 35 1040 Red eave 20 1000 Slate and shell 05 ‘‘ 1155 Red eave 10 1105 Sand, .ea'ay 55 1220 Coal blossom (Upper Freeport) “ Slate 25 1245 Sand, lis-ht jjra^^ (water at 1370') 130 1375 * Slate and shell (81/4" easina; at 1382') 25 1400 Sand. Ihdit c:rav (water 3 bailers an hour at 1430' . .50 1450 Slate and bme 25 1475 Sand, white (hole fnll of water at 1525') .... 70 151-5 Slate 45 1500 Sand, white 25 1615 Slate 10 1025 Sand and lime, blaek 20 ‘‘ 1045 Sand, white 30 10U5 Slate 5 ‘M6°0 Sand, dark i>’rav (0%" easin^j' at 1700') 70 1750 Red eave .....' ...70 1820 Slate and shell 40 1800 ''Bip'' Lime 05 '' 1025 ‘‘Keener” Sand, jc^as 20 “ 1045 “Bi,i>: Injnn” Sand, white and ^vav 50 “ 1005 Slate * 20 “2015 Sand, ^ray (bottom of “Bip: Tnjnn”) 70 “ 2085 Five and thi'ee-sixteenth-ineh easing at 2070'. Slate 5 “ 2000 Sand gray 110 “ 2200 Slate and shell 00 “ 2200 Sand, blaek 5 “ 2205 •Slate and shell 145 “ 2430 Sand, blaek 15 ‘‘ 2445 Slate and shells 15 “ 2400 Sand, dark gray (“Gantz”) 35 “ 2405 Slate and shell 130 “ 2025 Sand, gray (“Fifty-foot) 25 “ 2050 121 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS Slate Sand, brown Slate Sand, pink Shelly Sand, gray (^‘Sti'ay”) Shite and shell Sand, oTay Slate Sand, white . . . Slate and shell Sand, dark . . . Slate and shell Sand, brown . , Slate and shell Sand, pink ... Slate 10 ' 3 ' oo' 5 8 4 18 45 30 10 {^‘Gordon’’).. 35 20 20 5 10 5 2 Gas Sand, dark gray (‘^Fourth”) Slate and shell Shells Sand, dark Red slate and shells Sand, gray^ Slate . . . . , Sand, dark Slate . . . . , Sand, dark IG \ 12 10 3 McDonald or Fifth Sand ^(Gas at 3001') . . Slate 3 Sand (small pebbles). 15 Total depth 13 29 6 10 17 61 2655 2663 2667 2685 ‘‘ 2730 2760 ‘‘ 2770 2805 ‘‘ 2830 2850 2855 2865 '' 2870 2872 ( ( 2885 2914 2920 2930 ‘‘ 2947 3008 3008 The thickness ef the Venango Oil Sand Group in this well from the top of the ‘‘Gantz” to the bottom of the ‘‘Fourth” is 425 feet, and to the bottom of the “Fifth” Sand is 548 feet, the McDonald Sand being unusually thick (61 feet) A heavy flow of gas was struck at 3,001 feet, or 2,336 feet below the Pittsburg coal, with “rock })ressure” of more than 900 pounds to the S({uare inch. • About two miles north from the Felix Bell well, two others were drilled fm gas by the same com})any (Fort Pitt) on the land of the Kuhn heirs. No. 1 is a very deep well, and its record is as follovv^s, according to Mr. Jos. W. Craig: WEST VTllGTNTA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 25 Lewis Kuhn Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 750 to 750 Coal, Pittsburg 750 Unrecorded 370 ( ( 1120 Dnnkard Sand 30 i i 1150 Unrecorded 470 c l 1620 Salt Sand 147 ( ( 1767 Unrecorded 239 i i 2026 Big Injun Sand 174 ( i 2200 LTnrecorded 516 ( ( 2716 ‘‘Fifty-foot” Sand ( { Unrecorded 215 ( ( 2931 “Gordon (more xu’obably “Fourth” Sand) . . Unrecorded 117 i ( 304S Fifth Sand (Gas 3052 and 3092)... 52 i i 3100 Unrecorded ' 150 i i 3250 Hard, limy sand 300 i ( 3550 Soft and red shale 5 i i 3555 Sandy lime 20 i c 3575 Soft slate 15 i i 3590 Sandy lime 60 i i 3650 Sand, white (Siieechley ?) ( i 3665 Soft slate 10 ( i 3675 Sandy lime to bottom 105 i i 3780 The sand Htruck in this well at 3,1)50 feet, or 2,900 feet below the Pittsburg coal is near the horizon of the Si)eecliley sand of Butler, Arnisti’ong, and other Pennsylvania eoun'ties farther north, and its presence here in the only well that has been drilled through this horizon in Breene county, would lead to the con- elnsion that with more tests, it iiiight prove oil and gas bearing in many portions of West Virginia. The Lewis Kuhn Heirs’ well. No. 2, lies west fr*oni No. 1, and shows tlie following succession, nccording to MT. Jos. W. Craig, of the Fort Ihtt Cas Comj)any : Lewis Kuhn Heirs’ Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 955 Dnnkard Sand 1358 to 1400 Gas Sand 1754 i ( 1790 Salt Sand 1815 ( ( 1965 Red rock 1980 ( ( 2030 Lime and slate 2030 i i 2170 “Big” Lime 2170 ( ( 2235 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS r2r, Big Injun 2235 2495 ‘^Fifty-foot’’ Sanl 2910 “ 2965 Fifth Sand (gas 3^73') 3225 “ 3290 Total depth 3298 Minute pressure, 200 pounds in 3-inch tubing. Rock pressure, 920 pounds. About three miles southwest from the Kuhn Heirs’ land, some good gas wells have been found in the Big Injun Sand near the West Virginia-Pennsylvania line in Greene county, and tlie record of one of theae on the farm of Jacob Simpson, two miles east of Jollytown, reads as follows, according to the Hope Natural Gas Company : Jacob Simpson Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. “Bluff” (Waynesburg) Sand 300 “ 355 Mapletown (Sewickley) Coal 620 Pittsburg Coal 703 “ 710 Little Dunkard Sand 1130 “ 1170 Big Dunkard Sand 1210 “ 1270 Cias Sand 1420 “ 1500 Salt Sand .....1560 “ 1733 Red rock . .1803 Big Lime 1929 “ 1965 Big Injun Sand 1965 Gas at 2062 Gas, second pay 2067 ' Total depth 2073 “Seven hundred pounds rock pressure.” The rock pressure of the “Big Injun” Sand gas in the vicinity of Blacksville, five miles east from the Simpson well where the top of this sand lies approximately 200 feet higher, was 600 pounds when the pool was first opened, or 100 pounds less than in the Simpson well. Some large gas wells have been drilled around Jollytown, Greene county, near the West Virginia line. These wells g(ff their gas mostly in the Fifth, or McDonald Sand. One of these wells on the Ij. IL & S. S. Clovis farm, two miles northeast from Jollytown, had the following record, according to the F- rt Pitt Gas Company: WEST VIIUJINIA GEOLOGICAL SIJliVEY 127 L. B. (0 S. S. Clovis Well No. 1. Gilmore township, Greene county, Pa. Feet. Feet. Bluff (Waynesburg) Sand.. 375 440 Pittsburg Coal 7S5 Salt water at .. IbSO Big Injun Sand ....20G0 “■ 232f Gantz Sand 2640 Fifty-foot Sand 2764 2820 Red beds 2850 2870 Fifth Sand, gas 3068 3100 Bayard Sand 3130 3160 Elizabeth Sand 3278 ‘‘No definite formation of Elizabeth Sand.’’ About three miles west from Jollytown, a well was bored by the Philadelphia Company on the land of Salathiel Lemmon, the record of which reads as follows : Salathiel Lemmon Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Waynesburg Coal 450 to 455 Mapletown (Sewickley) Coal 704 “ 710 Pitts])urg Coal 817 “ 826 “Murphy” Sand (Morgantown) 950 “ 980 Little Diinkard Sand 1330 ” 1390 Gas Sand 1485 “ 1585 Salt Sand 1635 “ 1740 “Big” Lime 2035 “ 2100 Big Injun Sand 2100 “ 2340 Fifty-foot Sand 2850 “ 2875 Gordon (Stray) 2900 “ 2920 Gordon Sand 2930 “ 2938 Fourth Sand (Show oil 3031) 3005 “ 3047 Slate 3047 “ 3477 These were all cable measurements, and are, therefore, not strictly accurate. The Fifth and Bayard Sands both appear to have been absent in this boring. In this record the driller has given the name “Murphy” Sand to the stratum which comes at the horizon of the Morgan- town sandstone. About five miles west from the Lemmon well, and near Deep Valley, Greene county, the Silas Barnhart well. No. 1, drilled by Mr. Charles Tague, gives the following succession: 128 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOllDS Silas Barnhart Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Wood conductor . 10 Mapletown (Scwic kley) Coal 1284 to 1288 Pittsburg Coal . . . 1338 ( ( 1344 “Murphy” Sand 1508 ( ( 1590 Dnnkard Sand . . . 1740 i i 1800 Gas Sand 2090 i i 2195 Salt Sand 2255 C ( 2375 Maxton Sand .... 2435 i i 2500 Pencil Cave 2500 ( i 2500 Big Lime 2500 ( ( 2585 Big Injun Sand . . 2585 { ( 2880 Fifty-foot Sand . 3318 i ( 3358 Gordon Sand .... 3380 ( i 3398 First Oil Total depth 3398 This well starts on top of the Gilmore Sandstone of the Bnuhard Formation, and it, therefore, gives a vertical measure- ment from that stratum down to the Pittsburg Coal, as well as tht^ base of the Dnnkard beds, aiiont 300 feet higher. The sand called the Gordon” throughout this district, oc- curs at only about 2050 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and hence may be the upper or “Stray” member of that sand horizon. About one-half mile northwest from the Barnhart well, the South Penn Oil Company has drilled a well on the Rossell-Sam- mons farm through the Fifth, or McDonald Sand, which gives the following succession: Kossell-Sammons Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1233 “Murphy” (Morgantown) Sand 1444 to 1404 Dnnkard Sand 1753 “ 17S3 “Gas” Sand 1953 “ 1983 Maxton Sand 2351 “ 2381 Pencil Cave 2381 2380 Big Lime 2380 “ 2448 Big Injun Sand 2448 “ 2738 Gantz Sand 3047 “ 3055 “Thirty-foot” Sand 3204 “ 3249 Gordon Sand 3289y^“ 3330 Dry in Gordon.- Donrth Sand (show oil at 3389) 3384 “ 3410 Fifth Sand 3454 “ 3455 WEST VIIIGTNIA GEOLOGICAL STTllVEY 129 Total 3478 ( Kive-bai'i c4 tvell in EoiuHi Sand.) As tuny be s(‘en from tliis record, the interval Itetween the Pittsbursr coal and the Fifth, or McDonald, Oil Sand has chv decreased about 100 feet in itassino- northwestward 15 miles from the Felix Bell well on Hoover’s rnn, as o^iven on a previous page. About two miles northwest from the Sammons well and one ai:d a half southwest from Aleppo Postoffice the No. 2 well on J. J. S. ]\Ioore gave the following succession, according to the South Penn Oil Company : J. J. 8. Moore Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1030 ‘‘Murphy” (Morgantown) Sand 1215 Dunkard Sand 1575 to 1600 “Gas” Sand 1720 Salt Sand 1943 “ 2073 “Little” Lime 2140 “ 2190 “Big” Lime 2198 “ 2254 Big Injnn Sand 2254 “ 2478 Gantz Sand 2821 “ 2867 “Fifty-foot” Sand 29()0 “ 3087 Fourth Sand 3138 “ 3154 Fifth Sand 3253 “ 3263 Sand (Bayardf) 3300 “ 3303 Total depth 3343 (Dry) Here the Coi’don Sand apj)ears to be wanting unless the up- per porticn of the Fourth 8a)i(l should be regarded as a lowei* (t or (I on horizon.. On the ¥. A. Cover faini, thi*ee and one-half miles south- west from New Freeport, and near the West Virginia-Pennsyl- vinia line, the South Penn Oil Company reixnds the following succession in Well No. 3: F. A. (lover Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Biltshurg Coal 1070 Dunkai-d Sand 1535 to 1555 Salt Sand (gas at 2035') 2004 “ 2095 “Big” Lime 2240 “ 2288 Big Injun Sand 2288 “ 2560 Gantz Sand 2891 “Fifty-foot” Sami 3048 “ 3103 130 OIL AND GAS WELL llECOHDS • Gordon Sand ‘ 31271/2^^ 3150 Fifth Sand (gas at 3303') 3297 3309 Sand (Bayard?) 3343 3360 Sand and shells to 3466 The sand reported at 3343' to 3360' may possibly represent the Bayard horizon. It is the same one as that struck in the J. J. S. Moore No. 2 at 3300 feet. To show the persistence of the Venango Oil Sand Group, we give here the records of tw'O wells in northern Greene county, near Nineveh, 25 miles distant from the Gover farm. These rec- ords are as given to the late Mr. John F. Carll, by Mr. John Worthington, and published in Report 1-5, Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, pages 308-311 : Smith Well, No. 3. Located on the John H. Smith farm, Morris township, Greene county. Pa., about one mile north 54° west of Nineveh. Owners, The Nineveh Petroleum Company. Authority: John Worthington, Manager. Feet. Feet. Conductor 18 to 18 SS., shelly 25 43 Limestone 22 65 SS • 25 90 Coal, Nineveh’’ 2 92 Slate and limestone 63 155 Coal 1 156 Shale and limestone 40 196 Slate 25 221 Sand shells, slate and limestone 79 300 Slate, sand, shells and limestone 240 540 SS 40 '' 580 Coal, Waynesburg” 4 584 Fire clay and slate 15 599 Slate, sand, shells and limestone 240 839 Slate 20 '' 859 SS 21 '' 880 Coal, ‘‘Pittsburg” 6 “ 886 Shale 15 “ 901 Limestone and shale 88 “ 989 SS 25 “ 1014 Red rock 15 “ 1029 Limestone and shale 25 “ 1054 SS 65 “ 1119 Slate 5 “ 1124 WKST VllUUlslA GEOLOGICAL bUUVEY r^i lu'd rock 10 1 1 1134 Ihmestoue niul rand i^diells 20 1 1 1154 Slate 5 i i 1159 Ihmestonc 10 1 i 1160 SS 20 C i 1189 Red roc'k i ( 1209 Jhmestoiie 10 i i 1219 SS IS i < 1237 Slate 20 ( < 1257 SS 20 i ( 1277 Slate 60 ( ( 1337 Sand shclirf and slate 30 i 1 1367 SS., “Mahoning^' 30 i ( 1397 Slate 10 ( ( 1407 SS 70 i i 1477 Sla^e and sand shells 100 < < 1577 SS 15 ( ( 1592 Slate 35 i t 1627 SS 50 ( c 1677 Slate 25 ( t 1702 Limeotone, fire clay and shale 83 i ( 1785 Slate 5 ( ( 1790 SS., bliush-giay 85 ( t 1875 SS., white 80 < t 1955 SS., biuisli-gray 15 ( t 1970 Slate 40 < ( 2010 Limestone and sand shells 55 ( i 2065 SS., “Big Injun 2S0 < i 2345 Slate 310 i 1 2655 SS., fine, bluish-grav, “Gant?/' .... 40 ( 1 2695 Sand siiells ( 1 2745 Slate 60 t 2^05 SS 8 i i 2813 Slate 27 4 1 2840 SS 30 4 4 2S70 Slate 4 i 2935 SS., “Goi'don" 35 4 1 2970 Sand ‘ Three } } liuiidred and ten bai l el well at 20 I'eet in the Gordon Auld Well, Located on tlie Hugh Auld farm, about two miles north 15^ west of Nineveh, i^lorris township, Greene county, Pa. Owners, the Nineveh i^droleuin Company. Authority: John vVorthing- ton, iManager. Feet. Foet. ? 5(i0 to fiGO C'oal, “ Wayne.sbur; »G4 132 OIL AND GAS WELL IIECOKDS ? 302 ‘‘ cSGG (\>al, ‘‘Pitts1)nrg'” G ‘‘ 872 ? 1128 2000 l amest one GO 20G0 SS., Rio' Injun, Upper” (gas at 2080') . . 8C 2140 Slate ' ' 80 2220 SS 8 2228 Slate 4 2232 Shells and slate 178 ‘‘ 2410 Slate 170 2580 SS 10 2590 Slate 35 2G25 SS., ^Ulantz and Fifty-foot” 80 2705 Slate ; 45 2750 Red roek 10 27G0 Slate 70 2830 SS., white (^‘Thirty-foot”) 10 “ 2840 SS., red 30 “ 2870 Slate 40 “ 2910 SS., “Gordon” 29 “ 2939 Slate 11 “ 2950 Red rocdv 20 “ 2970 Shale 20 “ 2990 Slate 10 “ 3000 SS., “Fourth Sand” (large quantity salt water) 11 “ 3011 Unproductive. The Oil Sand struck' at 2935 feet in the Smith well, 2049 feet below the Pittsburg coal, by Mr. Worthington, in July 1888, was identified by him as the Gordon Sand of Washington county to the north, and has ever since been so designated by the oil fra- ternity, having proved productive of oil and gas in a nearly con- tinuous belt from Nineveh scuthwestward into Wetzel and other counties of West Virginia for a distance of 50 to 60 miles or more. Mr. Worthington and others (the writer included) have some times thought it i)ossible that this very i)roductive oil horizon of the New Freeport district in Greene county might not represent the Gordin iSand of Washington, but possibly the “Thirty-foot” Sand Ijetween it and the “Fifty-foot” horizon. But this infer- ence is formed only upon the lessened interval (2050' instead of 2100') between the sand in (piestion and the IRttsburg coal, but as this interval is but 50 feet less than tliat at Washington, and is the sanie as it is in Butler county, between the IRttsburg coal and WEST VUIGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 133 the Third Oil S;:iid oi* tlu' Uiitirr, Arinstroiiji;, Clarion and otluM* ])i‘ 0 {hu'iini: fields of the Venango Sand region to the north- east, it ai^ju'ars (jiiite probable that the original identification as given in 1-5 is corn^ct. At any rate, it is the nomenclature uni- vei'sally used by the oil i)i*Gducing interests in Greene, Wetzel, r.Iarshall, Tyler aiid Doddridge counties. Having now reviewed the underground structure of the strata in the counties of Pennsylvania, immediately north from tlie AVest Virginia border we shall first give a series of records from Avells drilled in the northern counties of AVest Virginia beginning with Alonongalia, and proceeding westward. MONONGALIA COUNTY A^ELL RECORDS. In 1900 a party from Cleveland, Ohio, drilled a test well near Uffington, three and one-half miles south from Alorgantown, on the P. AI. Johnson farm. The derrick floor is about ten feet above the Upper Freeport coal. The record as given me by om* of the iiersons interested, is as follows : F. M. Johnson Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. CondiirtoT 20 to 20 Limestone (Preeixirt) 16 i ( 36 Sand 20 ( ( 56 Slate 24 ( ( SO Coal (Lower Preei)()rt) 1 ( 1 81 Slate and shell 65 ( < 146 Limestone 12 ( { 158 Slate 48 ( ( 206 Sand, bottom, hai’d 5 t i 211 Slate and shells 30 1 i 241 Limestone 20 ( i 261 Slate 40 i ( 301 Sand (to}) Pottsville) 70 ( ( 371 Slate 30 ( i 401 Sand 65 i i 466 Slate 54 1 ( 520 Led rocdv 10 ( ( 530 Slate and sliells 70 ( ( 600 ATaxto.!! Sand 75 ( ( 675 Red ro(dv 50 { ( 725 Limestone 10 < ( 735 Black slate 40 ( ( 775 Slate and sliells 25 ( c 800 OIL AND GAS WELL UECOUDS ^MONONGALIA) 134 Lime to top of Big Injun Hand . . . 50 i i 850 Sand, bhn'k 10 ( ( 800 ('’ased on Sand at RG(L ( i Sand, (Big Injnn) 130 1 1 99() Slate and phellB 70 i i 1000 Sand ( ( 1190 Slate G.b i i 1255 l-iineRtone 25 i t 1280 Slate and shells 40 i t 1320 Sand (Gantz) 10 i i 1330 Slate and Rhehs 100 1 1 1430 Sand, hard 55 i t 1491 Slate 5 i ( 1490 Sand, hard (Gordon) 44 ( i 1540 Slate and shells -IS < i 1580 Bed rock and black slaTe 255 t { 1835 Ped rock and slate, caving ( t Dark Sand (Bayard) 85 i i 1920 Slate 10 C i 1930 Dark sand with hard streaks, screw of slate every 15 or 20 feet 100 1 ( 2030 White slate to bottom 250 ( 1 2280 Tlie Pittsburg coal belongs about 575 feet above the mouth of the well, aad hence the bottom stopped about 200 feet above the horizon of the Rpeechley Rand. Only slight p.hows of oil and ir.ns Avpre found iu any of the sands. About two and oue-holf miles west from Morgantown, a well was drilled by Mefisrs. Courtney Si Mel i»’-niott on the land of J. W. Holland, bepinnin^ only ten feet u ruler the Pittsburg coal, an opening in which is near the diwrick 'bhe coiotractor, Richard Myers, is authority for the fob '.ving rrcoid of this well: J. W. Holland Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. C^)nductor 0 to 15 Slate and lime 15 i i 147 Lime 147 ( ( 187 Red rock i ( 197 Slate and lime 197 ( ( 375 Little Dunkard Sand 375 i < 420 Slate and lime 420 ^ ( 515 Sdare and lime thells 515 i i 715 '‘Gas'’ Sand 800 i t 825 Shte 825 f t 835 Sait Sand (Avater 85(V) 835 < < 015 Slate t i 970 WEST VniGTNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 135 Slate 970 1015 Ked rock 1015 1025 Lime 1025 1125 Red rock 1125 '' 1175 Pencil cave 1175 1180 Lime 1180 '' 1310 Red rock 1310 '' 1315 Big Injun Sand 1315 1413 Slate “ .... Sand to 1488 Slate 1488 1492 Gas in Sand ‘ Squaw at 1555 Slate at 1600 Lime at 1660 Sand (Gantz and Fifty-foot”) 1835 ‘‘ 1930 Red rock .... Fifth Sand 2307 2342 Slate and shell .... Sixth Sand (Bayard) 2405 2440 Slate and lime to bottom 2440 2615 The Marion Tennant Well, No. 1 was drilled by the Chartiers Oil Company near Daybrook, Monongalia county, about 15 miles west from Morgantown. Its record is as follows, according to Jos. W. Craig, President Chartiers Oil Company: , ,1 , . , ,, Marion Tennant Well, No. 1. [ I [ i ■ • ■ ' ' ’ Feet. Feet. ‘ Pittsburg Coal 795 Big Injun Sand 2100 to 2250 j Squaw Sand (oil 2195') 2265 '' 2300 Gantz Sand 2630 Fifty-foot Sand 2690 Sand 2710 Fifteen feet slate 2725 t Thirty-foot Sand 2770 j ' Pink rock 2800 i Red rock 2915 1 Stray Sand and Gordon 2930 I Fourth Sand 3012 '' 3032 * Slate and shells 3060 1 Black Sand 3060 ' Red sand 3080 I Slate 3100 Shell 3055 • Fifth Sand, shell, one bit 3090 Gas in shell (Bayard Sand) 3220 “Oil and water 2195 to 2210; filled up about 1200 feet. 13G OIL AND GAS WELL llECORDS (MONONGALIA) Fourth Sand about 20 feet, poor, dark sand. Fifth Sand only one bit. Got ^as at 8220 (very little). Got oil at 3224, filled up over tools, probably good for one barrel oil per day. Did not exhaust by drilling. Oil in Black Sand, 3224h Only one bit From 3224' to bottom, black slate. Bottom of hole 3276 feet.” The oil obtained near the bottom of this well is from the hori- zon of the Bayard Sand, the same as that found a few miles northeast on the Blair and Shriver farms, close to the West V i r gi n i a - Pen n sy 1 van i a 1 in e . The Flat Run Oil Fool of IMarion county extends into Mon- ongalia, west from Daybrook, and many productive wells have been drilled therein. The oil occurs in what the drillers term the “Gordon” Sand, but as the oil is found at about 2220 feet below the Pittsburg coal, it is evidently below the “Gordon” Sand liorizon of Greene, Wetzel, etc., or even below the Campbells run “(Jordon” horizon of the next western oil belt in Monongalia, and hence the writer has identified this Flat Run “ Gordon^^ Sand with the Fourth Sand of the Pennsylvania or Venango Group. The folloving records from the Plat Run pool in Mononga- lia county will show the succession of strata in the region b(*- tween the north end of that pool, two to three miles west from Daybrook, and the Marion county line: Hamilton Gump Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Ihttsburg Coal • Feet, .. .1175 Pig Injun Sand . . .2483 Sand, slate and sliells ...2975 Slate and shells . . . 3020 Sand . . .3025 Slate, sand and shells . . .3045 “Fifty-feot” Sand ...3100 Soft slate ...3120 Sand, slate and shells ...3150 Sand and shells . ..3210 Red 7-ock . . .3215 Sand ...3230 Red rock ...3270 S-nd . . .3280 Slate and shells . . .3290 Sand ...3295 Feet. 2690 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY \:n Slate and sl)(dls 3310 l?ed r('('k 3345 Sand 3355 Slat(3 3300 Sand 3375 Slate and sbells 3390 First Ikiy (Fourth Sand) 3391 Seeond j^ay 3396 I)ei)tli 3408 Anna Harvey Well, No. 1 Authority, South Penn Oil Company, Flat Run Pool, Mon- ongalia county. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Cool 780 Pig Tnjnn Sand 2080 to 2200 Slate and shells 22^5 Sr/”aw Sand 2315 Slate and shells 2500 Shei:- Sand 2520 Slate 2530 Sand (i mtz) 2555 Slate, sa. 1 and shells 2025 ‘M^5fty-foc;r’’ Sand 2000 Slate 2075 Sand 2725 Fed sand 2730 ^date, sand and shells 2770 Fed sand 2785 Slate 2790 Sand 2820 Fed rock' 2835 Sand 2885 Shells and slate 2905 ■ ■ Fed rock 2925 ‘^Stray’’ Sand (Campbells Knn) 2945 Shite and shells 2995 Fourth Sand 2995 First Fay 3005 Seec nd Pay 3010 Hottom 3012 A luia Harvey Well, No. 3. Authority, South Penn Oil Com puny. F^'lat Run Pool, Monongalia county. Feet. Feet. 2225 ^ ^ 2370 2785 ‘ ‘ 2830 Pittsburg Coal . . . . Pig Injnn Sand . . Fifty-foot” Sand 138 OIL AND GAS WELL IlECORDS (MONONGALIA) ‘^Stray’’ Sand (Campbells Rim) 3085 3125 Fourth Sand 3130 First Pay 3133 Total depth , 3152 ^^Show oil and lig'lit g'as in Injun.’’ Light gas in Fifty-foot Sand.” Tlaught cO Walker Well, No. 2. Authority South Penn Oil Company. Flat Run Pool, Monongalia county, West Virginia. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal ...'.. .1060 Big Injim Sand (Show of oil 2400') 2360 to 2525 ^^Fiftv-foot” Sand (light gas, 2980') . . . .2965 3010 Stray Sand 3260 ‘‘ 3270 Fourth Sand 3281 First Pay 3285 Total depth 3288 Hail gilt Walker Well, No. 18. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Flat Run Oil Pool, Monongalia county. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1077 Big Injun Sand 2367 to 2517 ‘‘Fifty-foot” Sand 2977 “ 3027 Stray Sand 3250 “ 3280 Fourth Sand (oil) 3295 Second Pay 3301 Total depth 3316 B. F. II aught Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Flat Run Oil Pool, Monongalia county. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1052 ' Big Injun Sand 2400 to 2525 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2957 1 Stray (Campbells Run Sand) 3215 Gordon 3265 First Pay 3275 Second Pay 3283 Total depth 3293 B. F. II aught Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Flat Run Oil Pod, Monongalia county. West Virginia. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1255 Big Injun Sand (gas at 2635') 2550 to 2695 Fifty-foot” (gas at 3160') 3150 “ 3220 Stray Sand 3450 “ 3460 Fourth Sand 3474 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VM First Pay 3483 Total depth 3495 J. ;V. Wils())i Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. One and oue-half miles southeast of Miracle Run Post- office, Clay district, Monongalia county. Feet. Feet. Plnff ('Waynesburg) Sand 450 IMapletown Coal 815 Pittsburg Coal 915 Little Dnnkard Sand 1170 to 1200 Pur'Ponkard Sand 1450 1500 Sand 1600 ‘‘ 1660 Salt Sand 1730 1880 Little Lime 2110 2130 Pencil cave 2130 2135 Big Lime 2140 2188 Big Injnn Sand 2188 2410 Gas (small) at 2770 '^Fifty-fooC' Sand 2882 Fonrtli Sand 3152 Oil at 3156 Total depth 3170 Isaac Lemley Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. One and one-half miles southeast of Miracle Run Post- office, Clay district, Monongalita county. West Virginia. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pbffi Sand (Waynesbnrg) 580 to 640 Pittsburg Coal 1020 Dunkard Sand 1780 1835 Salt Sand 1870 2031 Pencil cave 2190 2197 Big Tvime 2197 Big Injun Sand 2295 First gas 2305 Second gas 2386 Oil 2390 Total depth 2414 Along the Mt. l\rorris-Mannington Big Injun Sand oil belt, the Bayard Sand, at approximately 2400 feet below the Pittsburg coal, has recently been found very productive of oil in the vicinity of Arnos, or Pairview, Marion county, and northeastward into the southern edge of Monongalia. Small oil wells had previous- ly been Bound in it on the Shriver and Blair farms, near the Pennsylvania line, below Andy Postoffice, and some gas wells on MO OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (MONONGALIA) 1,1h‘ Ooro, Moore, McCord and other lands in the vicinity of !\looresvi]l(% Cla}^ district. The following records in the south- ern edge of Monongalia county will show the relationship of this deep oil sand to the rocks above: Conawaif Well, No. 1i. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany, Clay district, Monongalia county. West Virginia. Feet. Feet. Pitts1?iirg Coal . . 90S to 917 (Steel line.) Dnnkard Sand . .1415 i ( 1475 Gas Sand . ..1720 i ( 1700 Salt Sand ..1800 ( ( 1920 P>ig Tame . .2100 ( ( 2230 Bio- Tnjnn Sand . .2230 ( ( 2445 ^^Fif tv-foot” Sand . .2850 ( ( 2930 Gas at . .3303 Bayard Sand . . 33231/2 (Steel line.) Oil at . .3324 Total depth . .3342 (One hnndred and twenty-five barrel well.) A. Dm'vah Well, No. 7. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Goal .... * . . .1095 to 1104 Pnnkard Sand . . .1585 ( ( 1045 Salt Sand (water 2111') . . . . .1945 ( ( 2131 Bi .o- T-imo 2335 1 1 2395 Peneil eavo . . . 2327 1 ( 2335 Big Tninn . . .2395 ( i 2575 Fourth Sand . . .3305 Fifth Sand . . .3355 i i 3400 Bayard Sand ....3505 First Pay (25 bbls. daily) . . . .3507 T( tal depth ...3525 The W. W. Kennedy Well, No. 3, about four miles north from Amos, in Clay district, exhibited the following succession, accoj'ding to th.e South Penn Oil Company: ir. W. Kennedy Well, No. 3. Pitlsimi'g C('id Prnlvard Sand Salt Sand Pig Ininn Sand (salt water an 1 oil) ‘^Fifty-fooC’ Sand ^^Thirty-foot” Sand Feet, 714 1200 irdo sciiin of 20.34 2000 2700 to i ( i ( i i I ( i ( Feet. 721 1250 1735 2218 2040 2800 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGTCAE SURVEY 141 Foiii-tli Sand (shells and slate) 2034 Uayard Sand (showed some i^ebbles and small show of oil) 3133 3134 Total deidh 3174 Remarks : ^M)rilled throiiiih pay which showed pebble and slate with black oily scum on top of washino's at depth of 3133 feet i. e., 2419 feet ])elow the Uitts])nrg' coal. Di(i not show any hard shell or gas at depth of 3104 feet. Quickly blew out.’’ S. J. Harvey Well, No. 4. Fairview district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Conductor 14 Pittsburg- Coal 1145 Big Ininn Sand 2477 to 2G27 ‘^Fifty-foot” Sand 3087 “ 3147 Stray Sand 3340 “ 33G0 Fourth Sand (First pay 33G2') 33G1 Fifth Sand (First pay 3400') 3398 Completed at 340Sy2 ITiis is the only well in the Fairview region which produces oil from the horizon of the Fifth, or McDonald, Sand. Probably the deepest productive oil well ever drilled any- where in the world is that of the Wilson Heirs’ No. 9, two mih's north from Amos Postoffice. It was drilled by the South Penn Cil Company, and gave the following succession, according to Mr. P. B. Gregory, District Superintendent: Wilson Heirs’ Well, No. 9. Clay district, Monongalia couiity. West Virginia. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company: Pittsburg- Coal Big Lime Feet. 1218 2455 lAet. Big Injun Sand 2535 to 2G90 Oil, gas and water “ Fifty-f()(4 ” Sand 3118 to 3178 Show oil “ Thii-ty-foot ” Sand 3122 3270 i ( 3305 Fourth Sand Fifth Sand (McDonald) 3440 3495 ( i 3530 Bayard Sand 3G1G 142 OIL AND GAS WELL UECOLDS (MONONGALIA) 'I'he oil companies operating in this region, with the excep- tion of the Fisher Oil Company, all designate the deep producing sand of these two recoj ds, 2400 feet under the Pittsburg coal, as the “Fifth Sand,” which is clearly erroneous, since the Fifth Sand is found at its proper horizon 100 feet higher in the record just given, while above it at the proper intervals come the Four Hi, ur Flat Run “Gordon,” and other sands in their proper order and succession, so that there can be no doubt about the identity with the Bayard of the deep producing oil sand in the Amos region of Marion county. Miracle Run puts into Bunkard creek about two miles above Blacksviiie, and what is known as the Campbells Run oil, belt extends along the waters of the right branch of that stream, from the Marion county line, northeastward into Pennsylvania, cross- ing Bunkard creek near the mouth of Hoover’s run. This oil belt lies about two to two and one-half miles west from the “Flat Run” belt, and like the latter, received its name from a stream in Marion county, just south from the Monongalia county line. In the Marion county end of the belt on Campbells run th*- productive oil sand lies only 2150 to 2160 feet below the Pitts- burg coal, but northeastward on Miracle run, in Monongalia, the productive horizon shifts dovvui to 2210 to 2225 feet belov/ the Pittsburg coal, and is, therefore, in the same sand as the Flat Run belt, which has been identilied in this report with the “Fourth Sand” of the Pennsylvania or Venango Group, while the Camp- bells Run Sand proper, at 2160 feet below the Pittsburg coal, would most probably represent the bottom portion of the regular Gordon Sand of Vfashington county, Pennsylvania, since with its “Stray” member immediately above, that sand is often 60 to 75 feet thick. The follov;ing record of the Sarah E. Eddy Well, No. 1, near the village of Cross Roads, on Miracle run, given me by the owner, lion. Joseph II. McBermott, will show the succession there : Sarah E. Eddy Well, No. 1. Foot. Foot. 29 to 29 Conductor WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SlIllVEY 143 Unrecorded (cased lO-inch at 102 feet) . . . 621 650 Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) ‘‘ Unrecorded 232 882 Mapletown Coal (Sewickley) “ ... Unrecorded ' 92 974 Pittsburg Coal Unrecorded (cased 8 V 4 " at 1468') 576 1550 Sand 90 1640 Unrecorded 40 1680 ‘‘Gas” Sand 110 “ 1790 Unrecorded 85 “ 1875 Salt Sand 150 “ 2025 Unrecorded 160 “ 2185 Pencil cave 10 “ 2195 Big Lime (cased 0%-incli at 2244') 51 “ 2246 Big Injun Sand (little gas at 2281; gas water and oil at 2350') 144 “ 2390 Unrecorded 360 “ 2750 Sand (Berea) 40 “ 2790 Unrecorded 53 “ 2843 “Pifty-foot” Sand (shelly break; 133 feet of 5 3-16-inch casing) 266 “ 3109 Unrecorded 16 “ 3125 Campbells Run Sand (heavy gas at 3125) (Gordon) shells and hard sand 67 “ 3192 Fourth Sand (oil show at 3196; well com- menced spraying at 3199) “ .... Production first 24 hours, 260 barrels. Production second 24 hours, 360 barrels. Other wells drilled to the Fourth Sand, northeast from the Sarah Eddy farm along Miracle run exhibt the succession given in the following records: Rufus Bell Well, No. 1, on the farm of Rufus Bell in Battelle district, Monongalia county. Well owned by the Battelle Oil Company. Authority, II. & AV. L. Shaffer, Contractors. Feet. Feet. Conductor, 13-inch 15 to 15 Cased 10-inch at 216 Unrecorded to 350 Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) 50 “ 400 Unrecorded 312 “ 712 Mapletown Coal 8 “ 720 Unrecorded 84 “ 804 Ihttsburg Coal 8 “ 812 Unrecorded 353 “ 1165 Little Dunkard Sand 15 “ 1180 H4 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (MONONGALIA) Unrecorded .... 120 ( 1 1300 Sand (cased 8" at 1305') .... 80 i ( 1380 Unrecorded .... 270 ( ( 1650 Salt Sand .... 150 ( ( 1800 Unrecorded .... 220 i ( 2020 P>i 2 ’ Lime .... 60 ( < 2080 I>i^' Injnn Sand (water at 2170') .... 235 1 ( 2315 Unrecorded 285 C ( 2600 Sand (Berea) 40 1 ( 2640 Unrecorded .... 90 i ( 2730 Gantz Sand (gas) .... 15 ( ( 2745 Unrecorded ( ( 2750 Fifty-foot Sand .... 85 ( ( 2835 Unrecorded . . . .... 95 i i 2930 Campbells Rnn Sand (Gordon) .... 30 i ( 2960 Unrecorded .... 40 ( ( 3000 Sand, gas on top .... 30 i ( 3030 Ihirecorded . . . . 10 i i 3040 Fourth Sand (oil at 3062') . . . . 30 ( ( 3070 Total depth 3086 Rufus Bell Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 742 Big Injnn Sand 1991 to 2230 ‘‘Fifty-foot” Sand 2()67 “ 2755 Campbells Kiui Sand (Gordon) 2877 “ 2901 Fourth Sand, i)ay 2980 Total depth ....3001 ]\Lilo Sirosnider Well, No. 1. Authority, Battelle Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Conductor ... 16 to 16 Unrecoi’ded (cased 10" at 225') , ... 284 i ( 300 Pilnff Sand (Waynesburg) . . . . 50 ( ( 350 pin recorded , ... 262 ( ( 612 Mai)leto\vn Coal 8 i i 620 Unrecorded ... 92 ( ( 712 Pittsburg Coal . . . 10 722 Uni-ecorded ... 478 1200 Dnnkard Sand (cased 8" at 1210') . . . . ... 75 ( i 1275 Unrecorded ... 175 i i 1450 “Gas” Sand . . . 45 i i 1495 Unrecorded . . . 55 ( i 1550 Salt Sand < i 1700 Uni-ecorded (cased 6%" at 1728') ... 215 i ( 1915 Big lame ( ( 1980 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 145 dig Injnn Sand (cased 5 3-10" at 2140') . . 200 1 ( 2180 Ihi recorded . 335 ( ( 2515 Sand (Berea) . 40 ( i 2555 Unrecorded . 50 i i 2005 Gantz Sand . 15 i i 2020 Unrecorded . 10 i { 2030 Fifty-foot Sand . 85 ( ( 2715 Unrecorded . 175 ( ( 2890 (’ampbells Run Sand . . .30 i ( 2920 Unrecorded 5 ( ( 2925 'Sand . 10 ( i 2935 Unrecorded . 29 i ( 2904 Fo^irth Sand . 16 1 i 2980 Unrecorded . 13 1 ( 2995 Sand . 15 3008 Unrecorded to bottom . 151 ( i 5159 The sand struck at 335 feet below the Big Injun Sand, or 2515 feet in this well is wrongly termed the “Thirty-foot” Sand by many of the drillers in this field, since the true “Thirty-foot” Sand belongs in the interval between the “Fifty-foot” SaiKl and the Campbells Run Sand. The sand above referred to is most probaldy identical with the Berea Sand of the Ohio series, if this latter is not the equivalent of either the Gantz or “Fifty-foot” sands of West Virginia. The record of a well drilled on the Ewing heirs’ farm in this Campbells run oil belt, was kei)t for the wi*iter with much detail through the Venango (Jroiip by Mr. Joseph W. Craig, Pi’esident of the Chartiers Oil Company, the owner of the well. It (‘xhibits the following succession down to the Campbelh Run Oil Sand. Ewing Heirs’ Well, No. 1. On the farm of the heirs of John IT. Ewing, in Battelle district, Monongalia county. Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal (Sewickley) at 835 Pittsburg Coal at 924 (lO-inch easing at 934 feet.) Top of first Red at 10(10 Top of second Red at 1 150 Dunkard Sand at 1350 (fil4-ineh casing at 1538 feet.) Gas Sand (water at 1745) at 1700 To}) Salt Sand at ' 1820 liottoin Salt Sand (water at 1890') at 1934 (G%-incli casing at 1995.) 146 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (MONONGALIA) Top “Big Lime” at 2130 Top of “Big Injun” at 2200 (Gas and a little water at 22cS0 feet; 5 3-16-incli casing 2360'.) Top of Gantz Sand (steel line measure- ment) at 2830 (Little gas at 2848; big gas at 2870.) Bottom of “Fifty-foot” Sand 2945 Slate, pink 2 to 2947 Hard shell, pink 10 2957 Soft shell, red 2 2959 Hard sand, red 5 2964 Soft slate, red 5 2969 C sand, hard, gray. . .30 2999 ‘ ^ Thirty-foot” Sand. < sand, hard, white. . 2 3001 ( sand, hard, blue ... 25 ‘ ^ 3026 Soft slate, black 5 “ 3031 Hard sand, pink 36 3067 Soft sand, pink 4 3071 Slate, black 2 3073 “Liner” (steel measurement) 3072 Shells 5 “ 3077 Red shale 13 “ 3090 Top Campbells Run Sand (oil at 3098 feet) ... “ This record shows that the true horizon of the “Thirty- foot” Sand of the Venango Group lies in the midst of the red beds which intervene betv/een the bottom of the “Hundred-foot” (Gantz and “Fifty-foot”) Sand and the Campbells Run or Gor- don Sand. Near the West Virginia-Pennsylvania State line, a short distance south from the mouth of Hoovers run, the South Penn Oil Company reports the following succession on the land of Georgia Eddy : Georgia Eddy Yiell, No. 1, Monongalia county. Pittsburg Coal 965 Big Injun Sand (oil and gas 2263') 2222 to 2465 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2915 “ 2945 Fourth Sand 3180 “ 3243 First Pay 3230 Total depth 3243 About one mile west from the Campbells Run oil belt, and two miles south from Wadestown, Monongalia county, a well was drilled ui)on tlie land of M. J. Garrison by Messrs. Courtney & ^IcDermott, from whom the following record was obtained: WEST VIllG'TNIA GEOLOGICAL SUliVEY 147 M. rf. Garrison Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. (^onduetor 12 to 12 Unrecorded (cased 10-iiu^h at 175 feet).. 458 ( ( 470 Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) 40 ( ( 510 Ihirecorded 885 ( ( 895 Pittsburg Coal 11 i 1 900 Unrecorded 479 i ( 1385 Dunkard Sand (cased 8-inch at 1427 feet) 70 i ( 1455 LTnrecorded 110 ( ( 1505 “Gas” Sand 120 ( i 1085 Unrecorded 155 ( ( 1840 Salt Sand iO ( i 1890 Unrecorded 190 ( ( 2080 Big Lime (cased Oi/ 2 -inch at 2128 feet) . . . 05 i ( 2L45 Big Injun Sand (water and a little gas at 2240') 175 1 ( 2320 Unrecorded (eased 5-inch at 2350) 320 ( ( 2040 Sand (Berea) 40 ( i 2080 Unrecorded 85 ( ( 2705 'Gantz Sand 10 i ( 2775 Unrecorded 5 1 1 2780 “Fifty-foot” Sand 110 1 i 2890 Unrecorded .• 130 i i 3020 ‘ ‘ Thirty-foot ’ ’ Sand 30 ( 1 3050 Unrecorded 50 i i 3100 Gordon Sand 20 i i 3120 Unrecorded 10 ( i 3130 Fourth Sand (gas at 3145') 35 i i 3105 Unrecorded 42 ( ( 3217 Filth Sand (a little gas) 3 ( 1 3220 T(dal de}>th 3354 Near St. Leo, liatteiie di?sti‘ict, iMonoiigalia county, some i'air oil producers have been found in the Campbells Kiui Sand. 4'he lirst well in that region was drilled by the Chartiei*s Oil Company, and it exhibited the following succession, according to Mr. Jos. W. Crai^g : J. M. ILalCwell, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 91G Duiikai-d (Mahoning) Sand 1410 to 1430 ‘HI as’’ Sand, hard ICOO ‘‘ 1000 Salt Sand 1810 1035 ^dlig” Lime 2150 2228 l>ig Injun Sand (water 2312') 2228 2415 ‘‘Fifty-foot” Sand 2875 “ 2025 Campbells Run Sand 3072 “ 3107 148 OIL AND GAS WELL j oNONGALIA) Oil at 3077 Fourth Sand 3145 ‘‘ 3155 As heretofore stated, the Campbells Run Sand is most prob- ably the bottom portion of the true Gordon Sand horizon, and the same as that called “Gordon” by the oil fraternity in Wetzel county, while here in Monongalia and the adjoining county of IMarion, the term “Gordon” is generally given to the sand next below the Campbells Run horizon, or the one which the writer has designated as the Fourth Sand, 70 to 75 feet below the former. The record of a boring made on the Ilaught heirs’ farm, two miles west from St. I^eo, jMonongalia county, was kindly fur- nished the Survey by Mr. O. D. Harrington of the Fisher Oil Company, Pittsburg, Pa., as follows: Ilaught Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1070 Dunkard Sand 1580 to 1616 Salt Sand 2010 “ 2110 Big Injun Sand 2380 “ 2580 Fifty-foot Sand 3000 “ 3145 (Oil at 3015 ft.) Campbells Run (Gordon Sand) 3256 “ 3286 Fourth Sand 3296 “ 3310 Fifth Sand 3340 “ 3390 Bayard Sand 3476 “ 3486 (Oil at 3480 ft.) 10" aos foof SyW Casing, 1490 feet. 6%" Casing, 2541 feet. The presence of the Bayard Sand here at its proper horizon (2400 feet) below the Pittsburg coal, and holding some oil, should lead to the drilling of more test wells to this sand in western Monongalia. About three miles west from Wadestown, Battelle district, and within two miles of the Wetzel-Monongalia line, the Fort Pitt Gas Company drilled a test well on the land of R. S. Clovis, the record of which is as follows, according to Jos. W. Craig: R. S. Clovis Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. 810 900 to 1200 Pittsburg Coal Caving places WEST VIliGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 149 Piniknrd Sand 1340 1370 ■ (las Sand 1540 '' 1080 Salt Sand 1730 '' 1830 Pencil cave 2005 2020 Pi.^Lime 2020 2075 Pie: Tnjnn Sand (g-as 2100') 2075 '' 2310 Slate, sand and shells 2310 2805 ‘ ‘ Fif tv-foot ’ ’ Sand 2810 ' ' 2840 Sand •. 2850 '' 2870 Sand (‘‘Thirty-foot’’) 2905 “ 2925 Sand (“Gordon Stray”) 2935 “ *2950 Sand, Gordon (Campbells Rnn) 2955 “ 2975 Sand 3015 “ 3025 Fourth Sand 3050 “ 3065 Fifth Sand 3075 “ 3093 Slate and lime 3093 “ 3432 Total depth ot well 3432 The Bayard Sand horizon appears not to have been noted in the Clovis well. 'William Porter Well, No. 1. Battelle district. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. I Feet. Feet. ' Unrecorded to top of Pittsburg Coal at. . . 900 to 900 Unrecorded 1300 “ 2200 Big Injun Sand 236 “ 2436 Unrecorded 419 “ 2855 “Fifty-foot” Sand 20 “ 2875 Unrecorded 810 “ 3L85 Fifth Sand \ Unrecorded 14' . 45 “ 3230 i Unrecorded Ill “ 3341 ’ Sixth, or Bayard, Sand (little gas) 6 “ 3347 Total depth (slate) 173 “ 8520 James Hagan Well, No. 1. Battelle district. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. . TTnrecorded to top of Pittsburg Coal 717 to 717 T Unrecorded 903 “ 1620 Salt Sand 150 “ 1770 ' Unrecorded 168 “ 1938 I Big Lime 75 “ 2013 Big Injun Sand 125 “ 2238 • Unrecorded 390 “ 2628 (dtutz Sand (little gas at 2045') 18 “ 2040 Unrecoi-ded 19 “ 2005 “Fifty-fool” Sand 73 “• 2738 150 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (MARION) Unrecorded 185 1 1 2923 Fourth Sand 16 ( ( 2939 Unrecorded 3 { ( 2942 Fourth Sand 12 ( 1 2954 Unrecorded 27 1 i 2981 Fiftli Sand 29 (( 3010 No Bavard Sand. Total depth 3264 Record of the S. L. S. Spragg Well, No. 1. One-fourth mile northeast of St. Cloud. Authority, igan, of the Syndicate Oil and Gas Company: Feet. Feet. BlnfP (Wavnesbnrg) Sand .... 578 Mapletown (Sewickley) Coal .. 832 to 835 Pittsburg Coal 929 ( c 935 Dnnkard Sand 1445 ( ( 1570 Sand ‘‘Gas”) 1605 ( l 1675 Salt Sand (water at 1900') 1883 ii 1925 Pencil cave 2115 i i 2124 Big Lin^e 2124 ( ( 21S4 Big Ininn Sand (gas at 2200') . 2184 ( c 2404 Fifty-foot Sand Cl 2902 “ Nineveli” Sand (pebbly at t#)p) (“Thirty- • foot”) 2953 ( 1 2988 Red rock 3005 1 i 3025 Gordon Sand (Campbells Run) (show oil at 3107') :.... J095 ( ( 3120 Fourth Sand 3155 1 1 3170 Fifth Sand M95 1 ( 3207 Slate and shells (completed in slate).... 3207 ( ( 3406 10" Casing, 206 feet. 8" Casing, 1424 feet. G%" Casing, 2150 feet. RECORDS IN BIARION COUNTY. Marion county lies next south from Monongalia, and has proven very rich in both oil and gas. A very large number of wells have been drilled within this county, and we shall now give a series of these records, proceeding from east to west. A well was drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company on the Jones fa.T-m, Winheld district, two miles. east Prom the Mononga- hela river, near ¥/hlte Day Postoffice, from which the following succession is reported : WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 151 Brent 8. Jofies Well, No. 1. ■I T' "11 ( , , Feet. Feet. ronclnctor . 0 to 14 ‘‘Creek’’ sandstone .. 14 1 ( 23 Slate . 23 ( c 40 "White sandstone (Mahoning') . . 40 ({ 80 Coal and water (U. Freeport) . . 80 ( ( 83 Slate and lime . 83 ( ( 170 Slate and Coal (U. Kittanning) 170 ( ( L85 Sand and lime . 185 ( ( 242 Kitanning Coal . 242 ( 1 247 Hard lime . 247 i ( 270 IWiite sandstone and water (top of Pottsville) . 270 t ( 285 Slate . 285 1 i 295 Time and sand . 295 i 1 410 Slate . 410 < 1 415 Sandy lime . 415 i c 440 Black slate . 440 { ( 510 Sand shells . 510 ( ( 525 Black slate . 525 ( ( 540 White slate . 540 ( 1 570 Red rock . 570 ( ( 585 Slate . 585 ( ( 600 White sandstone . 600 ( ( 625 Lime . 625 ( ( 540 Red rock . 640 ( ( 655 Tame 1 1 755 Slate . 755 ( 1 760 Red rock . 760 i ( 775 ITig Lime • . 755 ( ( 845 Big Iiijim, veiy hard . 845 ( c 860 “ “ red . 860 ( { 875 “ “ gas and water . . . . . 875 ( i 950 “ “ very hard ..950 ( ( 990 “ “ slate break . 990 i ( 1000 “ “ sand .1000 ( 1 1130 Slate .1130 ( ( 1140 Sand, very hard .1140 i i 1180 Slate and lime shells .1180 ( ( 1260 Hard lime .1260 ( ( 1285 Slate .1285 i ( 1320 Slate and haj'd shells .1320 ( ( 1410 White sandstone. ( (Gantz) ) 1410 ( i 1505 r iale and shells. < and V .505 i i 1535 White sandstone.. (^'50-1‘t.” ) 1535 i 1 1570 K’ed rock i ( 1595 Sand i ( 1615 Slate .1615 i ( 1625 1:52 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS ( MARION) Hard sliells 1025 i i 1635 Slate and shells 1635 ( ( 1690 Sandy shells 1690 ( ( 1700 Red rock 1700 ( i 1775 Sand shells 1775 1 ( 1785 Slate 1785 ( ( 1800 Red sandstone (soft) . 1800 ( ( 1840 Lime 1840 ( ( 1860 Dark Sand (Bayard) . . 1860 i ( 1900 Slate and shells 1900 ( ( 1953 (Steel line measure.) Sand (Elizabeth) .... 1953 ( ( 1990 Black slate 1990 1 i 2050 White slate 2050 C ( 2350 Hard lime 2350 ( ( 2515 White slate 2515 ( ( 2539 Total depth 2539 Tills record reveals tlie “shelly” and “split-up” condition of the Gordon, Fourth and Fifth Sands. The well begins about 520 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and hence the sands at 1860 and 1953 rei?resent the Bayard and Elizaheth horizons respec- tively. A large gas held has recently been developed northwest from Barrackville, Marion county, bv the Fairmont, Fayette, Hope and other Gas companies. The folhrwing record of the Eli M. Rex AA^ell, No. 1, drilled by the Hope Natural Gas Company will give the succession there. It is located about three miles north 20° west from Barrack- ville, and the record reads as follow%s : Eli M. Rex Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Conductor 0 to 16 Native Coal (Sewickley) 255 { ( 260 Pittsburs: Coal 365 ( ( 375 Salt Sand 1300 Little Time 15F5 ( 1 1610 Pencil cave 1610 ( 1 1615 Bia; lime 1615 1 { 1735 Bie: Injun Sand 1735 1840 Verv liglit gas at 1755 Slate and shells to 1900 Sand (Squaw) 1900 i 1 1925 Slate to 1940 Lime to Slate to 1980 Sand 2010 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Wliiie limo 2050 Satid 2075 Slate 2000 Lime 2110 Slnte 2120 Time 2135 Slnte 2145 Snnd 2105 Time 2180 Sand 2180 '' 2235 Slnte 224^5 Tiime 2255 Sand (Ganrz) 2275 Slate 2280 Sand 2305 Lime 2310 Slate 2315 Lime 2320 Sand 2330 Led rock * 2335 Sand 2340 • Slate 2345 Sand 2405 Red rock 2410 Sand 2420 Pod rock 2425 Sand 2445 Pod rock 2455 Smid (^^Thirty-fooG’) 2455 2480 Ped rock 2400 Snnd, lime and shells 2520 T.ime shells 2535 Snnd (Gordon) 2550 T>ime 2500 TPack slate 2570 Tame 2575 ' Ped rock 2585 I Time 2500 . I Sand (kkmrlh) 2000 I T/ime 2005 I Slate 2020 Line lime 2025 Llaek slate 2035 Time 2045 Sand (Fifth) 2055 Slate 2075 Lime 2080 Soft black slate 2005 Lime to 2721 15d OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (MARION) Bayard Sand Lime Slate Lime Slate Total depth . 2721 2749 2755 2800 2810 2873 2873 The sand struck at 2721 feet, 2356 feet below the Pittsburg coal, has been termed the Fifth Sand by the driller, but it is evidently equivalent to the Bayard. Near the headwaters of Dunkard Mill run, which puts into Buffalo creek between Barrackville and Farmington, Marion county, several large gas wells have been struck, one of which, drilled by the Fayette County Gas Company on the Connor farm, gives the following succession, according to Mr. F. G. Best, Dis- trict Superintendent: Connor Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. ■ Conductor 21 Sewickley Coal Pittsburg Coal 368 Ten-inch casing 376 Sand 970 (( 1000 ‘^Bie:” Dnnkard Sand 1095 to 1120 ‘‘Gas’’ Sand 1160 (C 1205 Salt Sand 1295 ( c 1400 Cased 814-inch 1307 Big Lime 1630 ( ( 1710 Cased 6%-inch 1630 Pig Inimi Sand 1710 ( 1 1830 Gnntz Sand 2240 ( 1 2260 Fiftv-foot Sand 2280 ( ( 2295 Fonrth Sand ( ( 2585 Bayard Sand 27.32 1 ( 2752 Finished 2757 Packer set 2717 Pressure. 1st minute .275 Oth minnte ..825 11/2 i i .370 7 i ( ..875 2 i i .440 8 ( i ..900 3 ( c .550 i) i ( . .925 4 1 1 1=35 i i . . 935 5 i ( .740 15 i i ,.950 The well of the Fayette Com.i)any on the Athey farm in this WEST vruamrA. geologio/Vl survey 155 snnie reiuoii, ^-ave the following succession, accoi’ding to Mr. F. G. Best : Athey Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 (Sewickley) Mapletown Coal .... 260' Pittsburg Coal 357 to 367 Cased 10-inch 370 Tu'ttle Dunkard Sand 068 < i 1002 “Big’’ Dunkard Sand 1000 1 ( 1115 “Gas” Sand 1158 ( c 1200 Salt Sand (8^" casing 1310') .... 1200 i i 1305 (water) Maxton Sand 1478. ( { 1406 Little Lime 1618 ( c 1628 Big Lime (Cased 0%" 1697') 1634 ( 1 1714 Big Injun Sand 1718 i i 1805 Gas at 1770 Sand 1809 ( ( 1830 Sand (Squaw) 1900 { ( 1030 Gantz Sand 2205 ( ( 2235 Fourth Sand 2560 ( ( 2580 Fifth Sand 2005 ( ( 2612 Bayard Sand (gas) 2730 Finished 2750 Pressure. Ist minute 200 pounds lOtli minute 1000 pounds 2nd minute 350 pounds Boek pressure 1100 pounds The original ‘‘rock pressure” in the Bayard Sand of this region was 1100 pounds, the same as on the Thomas Bayard farm, near Waynesburg. A well drilled on the E. W. TTamilton farm. Plum run, three to four miles east from Mannington, by the Hope Natural Gas Company shows the following results, according to the driller’s log: E. W. Hamilton Well, No. 1. , Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal '000 Little Dunkard Sand 1020 to 1035 , Big Dunkard Sand lOPO “ 1140 Cas Saul 1410 “ 14S0 Salt Sand 1520 ‘‘ 1000 . Big Lime 1P7') 1037 Bir Injun Sand (gas 2029') 1037 “ 2007 ! “Fifty-foot” Sand (gas 2530') 2515 “ 2050 k “ Stray ” and Gordon Sands 2005 “ 2745 15G OIL AND GAS WELL KEGOKDS (MAKION) Fourth Sand (g-as 2850') 2835 '' 2890 Bayard Sand (gas 3020') 2990 Total depth 3025 The gas in this well was obtained at 2420 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and is undoubtedly from the Bayard Sand, al- though called thO Fifth” in the driller’s log and on the books of the Hope Company. Two miles south from Fairview (Amos Postofhce), the Fisher Oil Company reports the following succession in the Brown gas well : . G. W. Brown Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. rondnctor 12 Pittsburg Coal 464 Big Injun Sand (eas at) top pay 1892 Fif tv-foot Sand . " !! 2365 to 2410 Fourth Sand 2685 Little gas 2687 Bayard Sand (gas) 2838 Total depth 2929 Ten-inch casing 480 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 964 Six and five-eights-inch casing 1470 Five and three-sixteenths-inch casing . . . .1970 The following records are from near Fairview or Amos, IMarion county, where the Fisher Oil Company first developed good producing wells in the Bayard Sand by drilling down a well which had been productive in the Big Injun Sand: P. B. Amos Well, No. 11. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 602 Dunkard Sand 1110 to 1154 Salt Sand (water 1480') 1400 1610 IMaxton Sand 1680 1700 Pencil cave . •. 1830 1840 Big Lime 1840 1910 Big Injun Sand 1910 '' 2210 ‘‘Fiftv-foot” Sand 2530 ‘‘Stray” 2810 Fourth Sand 2840 Bayard Sand 3008 J'list pay (production 75 bbls. dail}^ 3009 Total depth 3028 WEST VmGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 157 A. Conaway Well, No. 15. One mile and a half north of Amos. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg' Coal (S93 to 903 Dimkard Sand 1394 ‘‘Gas’’ Sand 1559 Salt Sand 1781 Big Lime 2126 Pencil cave 2114 Big Injun 2196 “ 2359 First pay (just a small show of oil) 2291 “Fifty-foot’ Sand 2806 Fourth Sand 3098 Bayard Sand (gas enough to run boiler, 3293') ..." 3293 ‘.‘ 3323 Oil (production 25 barrels daily) 3315 Total depth 33331/2 J. P. Yost Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 600 Dunkard Sand 1100 to 1170 Salt Sand 1450 “ 1500 Pencil cave 1830 Big Lime 1840 “ 1900 Big Injun (small show oil 2005') 1910 “ 2060 “Thirty-foot” Sand (Berea?) 2385 “ 2415 “Fifty-foot” Sand' 2520 “ 2575 “Stray” 2785 “ 2805 Fourth Sand 2845 “ 2870 Bayard Sand (small gas, 3020') 3015 M. E. Brookover Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 702 Dunkard Sand 1200 Salt Sand 1500 Big Lime 1930 Big Injun Sand (oil and water 2130') . . . .2000 to 2140 “Thirty-foot” (Berea?) '...2500 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2500 Fourtli Sand 2930 Bayard Sand (i)roduction 200 bbls daily) .3125 Total depth 3135 This well came in with a production of 200 barrels daily in July, 1903, and is still yielding (June 5, 1904) 68 barrels, thus 158 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOEDS (MAEION) illustrating the remarkable ‘^staying” qualities of the Bayard Sand oil production. Just below Mannington, the Burt Oil Company drilled sev- eral wells on the old Burt farm, the producing sand being the “Big Injun.” The Pitsburg coal lies about 400 feet below the valley. Burt No. 2 gave the following record, according to the Burt Oil Company’s books: Burt Well, No. 2. to Feet. Pittsbiu’g Coal, bottom 441 Big Injun Sand 1778 First ^‘ Pay” 1853 Second “Pay” 1860 Total depth 1877 Burt well No. 14, near Mannington, was the first well m that field to be drilled to the deep sands. Its record reads as follows : Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 510 Big Injun Sand 1838 First pay . . . .• 1914 Second pay 1924 Fourth Sand (oil 2728') 2723 Dark slate, soft 2742 Fifth Sand 2762 Slate, dark to bottom 2788 This sand, at 2723 feet, was termed the when first struck on the Burt farm, and the oil fraternity has ever since given that name (“Cordon”) to this sand, which, in the Mannington region, lies 2200 to 2220 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and which, on Whetstone run, two miles southwest from Mannington, furnished wells which produced over 3000 barrels daily. The following record of Purbee Well No. 1, located in Man- nington, is given on the. authority of the Burt Oil Company: Furhee Well, No. 1 Feet. Pittsburg Coal 400 Limestone 450 Slate 490 Cas 500 Red i-ock 620 2742 2762 2788 3000 Gordon” Sand Feet. to 470 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 159 Diniliard Sand 950 Salt Sand 1350 1450 Injun Sand (oil 1840) 1752 1873 Fourth Sand (oil 2021') 2021 Total depth 2031 About two miles west froniMannington the Burt Oil Company drilled two wells on the “Paddy” Hopkins lot in what has been termed the Ilafer pool. The records of these wells read as follows : Faddy Hopkins Well, No. 1. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 404 “Got some gas in Gantz Sand,” also in the “Fifty- foot” First pay (Fourth Sand) 2083 Second pay (mostly gas) 2087 Ten-inch Casing 380 Eight and one-fourth-inch Casing 1020 Six and five-eights-ineh Casing 1539 Five and three-sixteenths-inch Casing 1905 Faddy Hopkins Well, No. 2. Feet. Inches. Pittsburg Coal, bottom 471 Stray Sand, bottom 2008 Fourth Sand 2078 (i First pay 2087 0 Ten-inch Casing 220 Eight and one-fourth-inch Casing 1000 Six and tlve-eighths-inch Casing 1480 Five and tliree-sixteenths-inch Casing 1970 Flat run puts into Buffalo creek about two miles above ^lan- nington, and along it many oil wells have been drilled, in fact, this productive belt which extends from Buffalo creek in Marion northwestward almost across Monongalia, received its name “Flat Run Oil Belt” from the stream in question. The j) reducing sand is the Fourth, as will be seen by the two follow- ing records obtained from the Hartman Oil Company: William 0. Efaw Well, No. 3. Feel. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1003 Dunkard Sand 1520 to 1570 “Gas” Sand 1678 “ 1788 Salt Sand 1890 “ 1945 * Pencil cave 2221 160 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (MARION) Injun Sand 2275 '' 2435 Berea Grit 2cS00 “ 2900 Gantz Sand (gas, 2910') 2905 2930 Fifty-foot’’ Sand 2950 3050 Fourth Sand 319cS 3228 First oil 3218 Second oil 3222 Ten-inch Casing 305 Fight and one-fourth-inch Casing 1440 Six and five-eighths-ineh Casing 2100 Five and three-sixteenths-inch Casing ...2440 Four-inch Liner 300 Wju. 0. Efaw Well, No. 6. Flat run, Marion county. Near Monongalia county line. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1150 Dnnkard Sand 1645 to 1740 Gas Sand 1885 1955 Salt Sand 2065 ‘‘ 2100 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2540') 2460 2630 ‘Mdiirty-foot” Sand (Berea) 2850 2870 Gantz Sand 3040 3045 ‘Mhfty-foot” Sand (gas, 3075) ’....3070 Fourth Sand (oil, 3364-3375') 3360 3380 Total depth 3380 Eiglit Olid one-fonrth-inch Casing 1661 Six and live-enghths-inch Casing 2630 Five and three-sixteenths-inch Liner .... 225 At the head of Whetstone run, three miles southwest from IVIannington, the Hartman Oil Company found the following suc- cession in well No. 1 of the I less & Tetrick lands : Hess & Tetrick Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 692 Big liijnn Sand . 2054 to 2155 Gantz Sand 2606 i i 2637 ‘ ‘ Fifty-foot ’ ’ Sand 2641 Fourth Sand (gas) 2886 < i 2903 Tlie same (ilartniaii) Company drilled some weds on the Farrell heirs’ farm, Mannington district, and No. 1 thereon gave the following succession : Farrell Heirs’ Well, No. 1. . Feet. Feet. Pittslinrg Coal 828 Dunkard Sand 1320 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 161 ‘‘Gas” Sand 1580 I'oncil cave 2075 Big Lime 2085 Big Tnjiin Sand 2141 to 2340 (Gas, 21()0'; oil, 2245'.) “Fifty-foot” Sand 2770 “Thirty-foot” Sand 2890 “Stray” Sand 2970 Fourth Sand (gas, 3011; oil, 3012') 3007 “ 3020 The saiul called “Gordon Stray” by the drillers is most pi'obably the eciuivalent of the Campbells Fun Sand. The records of the Hartman Oil Company for the John Shanks wells Nos. 4 and 5, near Mannington, read as follows: John thanks Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 487 Diuikard Sand . 998 to 1033 Salt Sand .1390 i ( 1528 Big Injun Sand .1780 ( ( 1952 Gantz Sand .2412 i 1 2437 ‘ ‘ Fifty-foot ’ ’ Sand .2440 i 1 2482 Foui’th Sand .2710 { ( 2720 John Shanks Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand . 250 to 325 Mapletowii Coal , . 445 Pittsburg Coal , . 549 “Gas” Saud .1210 Salt Sand .1445 ( ( 1580 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1802') . .1850 < ( 1995 “ Thirty-fo(;t” (Ilei'ea) Sand .2370 ( 1 2395 Gantz Sand .2480 i 1 2490 “Fifty-foot” Sand .2495 ( ( 2355 Fourth Sand . .277214 Oil at , .2784 J. 11. Furbee Well, No. .2. Near Hannington, Marion county. Authority, Hartman Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal '744 Duid-card Sand 1290 to 1335 “Gas” Sand 1420 ( ( 1535 Salt Sand 1040 < ( 1700 Ihg Injun Sand 2085 ( ( 2200 Gantz Sand 2070 c l 2090 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2705 i ( 2705 162 OIL AND GAS WELL IlECORDS (MARION) ^ ' Thirty-foot ’ ^ Sand 2844 ‘ ^ 2865 ‘‘Stray’’ (Campbells Run' and 2900 “ 2930 Fourth Sand (oil, 2964') 2959 “ 2984 Ten-inch casing, 345'; 8^" casing, 1295'; 6%" casing, 1755'; 5 3-16" casing, 2225'. In the previous record the driller has termed a sand the “Thirty-foot” which occurs over 100 feet above the “Fifty- foot horizon, and then in the Furbee No. 2 he has given the same name to a sand nearly 100 feet below the “Fifty-foot” Sand. The latter is the correct interpretation, as may be seen from the type records quoted from Carll in his Butler county, Pa., records, as given on previous pages of this volume, and hence the use of the term “Thirty-foot” for a sand at about 1,750 to 1,800 feet below the Pittsburg Coal is erroneous, since this horizon is probably identical with the Berea Grit of other regions. The Hartman Oil Company has drilled several wells on the Nimrod Morgan farm, along the B. & 0. R. R., two or three miles above Mannington, the records of which read as follows: Nimrod Morgan Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 525 “Gas” Sand 1175 Salt Sand 1422 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1850') 1838 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2448 to 2528 “Thirty-foot” Sand 2548 “Stray” Sand 2700 Fourth Sand (first pay) 2745 Gas, big, at 2710'; gas at 2750'; gas at 2755'. Ten-inch casing, 463'; 8V2'' casing, 1100'; 614'' casing, 1522'; 5 3-16" casing, 2000'. N. Morgan Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 630 Salt Sand 1540 to 1560 Big Injun Sand 1930 “Fifty-foot” Sand “Stray” Sand 2565 2804 Fourth Sand 2857 Total depth 2879 N. Morgan Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 458 Little Duiikard Sand 850 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL S^UliVEY 103 Big Dunkard Sand ....1100 to 1145 ‘^Gas” Sand . . . .1200 i 1 1325 Salt Sand ....1355 i i 1490 Big Injun Sand . . . .1800 ( ( 1945 Sand (Berea) ....2330 1 < 2300 Gantz Sand . . . .2385 < ( 2397 ‘^Pifty-foot” Sand ....2405 1 ( 2490 Fourth Sand (oil, 2083') ( ( 2700 Nimrod Morgan Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 462 Little Dunkard Sand .... 840 to 865 Dunkard Sand .... 990 ( ( 1005 ‘‘Gas” Sand ....1089 ( ( 1120 Salt Sand 1372 ( ( 1540 Big Injun Sand ....1780 ( i 1912 Sand (Berea?) ....2255 ( ( 2275 Gantz Sand ....2400 ( ( 2410 “Fifty-foot” Sand ....2415 ( ( 2510 “Stray” 2035 ( ( 2075 Fourth Sand 2081 ( i 2703 (One pay good sand, 2693-2703. ) Nimrod Morgan Well, No. 7. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 482 Dunkard Sand .... 990 to 1020 “Gas” Sand 1105 ( i 1275 Salt Sand 1375 < i 1520 Big Injun Sand (gas at 1905) 1775 ( i 1920 Sand (Berea?) 2275 i i 2295 (iantz Sand 2400 1 i 2412 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2415 i ( 2470 “Stray” (Campbells Bun) Sand ... 2045 ( i 2083 Fourth Sand (oil 2708') 2099 ( i 2714 (Good Sand 2707-2714.) 'en-ineh casing, 490'; 8^4" casing, 1040'; 0%' ' casing, 5 3-1 (r causing, 1080'. About two miles south from Manningtou, the Z, Kendall well, No. 3, gives the following succession, according to the South Penn Oil Company. Z. Kendall Well, No. 3. (Steel line measurements.) Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal 088 to 095 Pittsburg Coal 779 “ 787 Dunkard Sand 1270 “ 1300 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (MAllION) lOt “Gas” Sand c c 1700 Salt Sand 1780 i ( 1855 Pencil cave 2060 ( ( 2064 Big Lime 2064 ( ( 2145 Big Injun Sand 2145 First pay (oil) 2223 Total depth 2255 About four miles southwest from Manriington, the P. G. Hall well, No. 3, p;ives the following record, as reported by the South Penn Oil Company : * P. G. Hall Well, No. 3. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal 506 to 511 Pittsburg Coal 603 612 Diinkard Sand 1033 1103 ^^Gas’’ Sand 1340 1470 Salt Sand 1575 1660 Maxton Sand 1710 1740 Pencil cave 1842 1847 Big Lime 1847 '' 1943 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2032') 1943 2073 Sand 2493 2520 ‘^Fifty-foot” Sand (gas, 2598') 2593 “ 2640 Stray (Campbells Run) 2758 “ 2775 Fourth Sand (oil, 2787') 2779 “ 2807 The Hartman Oil Company has drilled several .wells in the western portion of Marion county, some near Glovers Gap, and some near Brink, the records of which are here given : Lemley & Ilihhs Well, No. 1. One mile east of Glovers Gap. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 866 Big Injun Sand (“Break” 5 ft. at 2256-2261') 2206 to 2281 Bottom .2284.9 Lemley cC Ilihhs Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 921 Big Injun Sand 2270 to 2337 Bottom 2404y2 Lemley & Ilihhs Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 841 Big Injun Sand (“Break,” 2237-2251) . . . 2197 to 2263 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 105 Rachel Evans Well, No. 1. One iiiilc east of Brink Postoffice. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1005 P>ig Tiijini Sand 2305 to 2394 ‘‘Break,” Slate 2394 “ 2409 “Squaw” Sand 2409 “ 244S Sand 3070 “ 3175 Slate 3175 “ 3241 Bottom 33451/2 J. TP. Camphell Well, No. 1. Fppf Feet “Bluff” Sand 830* to 955 Pittsburg Coal 1251 Little Dunkard Sand 1621 Big Dunkard Sand 1751 “ 1800 “Gas” Sand 2062 “ 2100 Salt Sand 2188 “ 2273 Big Injun Sand 2524f^“ 2649V2 The South Penn Oil Comi)any has drilled very many wells in Marion county, and the following records are given upon the authority of that Company’s books: Aaron Furhee Well, No. 1. On the farm of Aaron Furbee, near Glovers Gap. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 670 Mapletown C('al 5 to 675 , Unrecorded to 767 Pittsburg Coal 7 “ 774 Unrecorded to 1268 ' Dunkard Sand ( 81 / 4 " casing 1274') 77 “ 1345 Unrecorded to 1442 “Gas” Sand (water at 1545') 133 “ 1575 Unrecorded to 1698 . Salt Sand 12 “ 1710 Unrecorded to 2072 Big Injun Sand (gas at 2085') (6%" cas- ing 2088') (oil and water at 2175') .. . 191 “ 2263 Unrecorded to 2720 r Uty-iooL Sand 35 “ 2'755 I’urecoi'ded to 2820 Thirty-foot Sand (5 bailers oil ) 45 “ 2865 Unix’corded to 2908 Stray Sand 24 “ 2932 Unrectiided to Goi'don Sainl ((kinipbells Run) and oil at 2939 166 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS (MARION) T»()ttom 2967 Tjusetta Snodgrass Well, No. 1. Near Glover’s Gap. Feet. Feet. Unreeordecl to 800 Mapletown Coal 5 to 805 Unrecorded to 895 Pittsburg Coal 10 905 Uni'ecorded to 1415 Dmikard Sand (cased 8i/4" at 1429') 14 1429 Unrecorded to 1700 Salt Sand 15 1715 (Balance of Salt Sand represented by slate and shells.) Unrecorded to 2130 Lime 65 2195 Big Injnn Sand (cased 6%" 2198') 140 2335 (Water at 2300'; hole filled up 1900'.) ‘‘Squaw” Sand 55 “ 2390 Unrecorded to (cased 5 3-16" 2424') 2925 Fifty-foot Sand (show of oil at 2940') ... 34 “ 2959 Unrecorded to bottom of liner 3067') .... 3067 Gordon Sand (Campbells Run) 23 “ 3090 Oil at first pay 3068'; second pay 3073'. Bottom of well 3090 2-3 Feet. Feet. E. J. Freeland Well, No. 1. Unrecorded to Pittsburg Coal at (cased 10" at 410) 1025 Unrecorded to 1535 Dunkard Sand (cased 8i/4" at 1635') 50 to '1585 Unrecorded to 1704 “Gas” Sand 138 “ 1842 Unrecorded to 1952 Salt Sand 78 “ 2030 Unrecorded to 2275 Pencil cave 5 “ 2280 Ifimestone, white 62 “ 2342 Big Tnjun Sand (oil at 2458; second oil at 2466) 163 “ 2505 Unrecorded to 2835 Sand, Gantz 25 “ 2860 Unrecorded to 2963 Fifty-fcw'ot Sand (gas at 2978') 52 “ 3015 Unrecorded to 3198 “Stray” Sand (Campbells Run) 24 “ 3222 Slate 6 “ 3228 Sand (Fourth and Fifth) 71 “ 3299 WEST VIJlGrNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 107 (Slate break 3265 to 3208') (oil at 3277') Bottom of well 3299 Simon Moore 'Well, No. 1. On the farm of Simon IMoore, west of Campbells run, in Man- nington district, Marion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 945 Pittsburg Coal ... 7 to 952 Unrecorded to 1430 Dnnkard Sand ... 40 Cl 1470 Unrecorded to 1580 ‘‘Gas” Sand ... 80 C 1 1660 Unrecorded to 1850 Salt Sand ... 100 Cl 1950 Unrecorded to 2200 Pencil cave ... 6 Cl 2206 Big Lime ... 67 tf 2273 Break (slate) ... 6 Cl 2279 Big Injim Sand ... 103 1 c 2382 Unrecorded to 2655 Thirty-foot Sand (Berea) ... 30 C 1 2685 Unrecorded to 2846 Gantz-Sand ... 5 c c 2850 Unrecorded to 2888 Fifty-foot Sand . .. 46 cc 2934 Unrecorded to 3088 “Stray” Sand ... 12 IC 3100 Unrecorded to 3112 Gordon Sand (oil at 3113') (Campbells Rim) ... 46 cc 3158 Unrecorded to 3164 Founb Sand 16 c c 3180 Unrecorded to 3195 Fifth Sand ... 9 c c 3204 Bottom of well 3218 K. Moore’s Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Campbells run, Marion county. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 Slate and limestone ...1074 to 1090 Mapletown Coal ... 5 cc 1095 Limestone ... 180 cc 1175 Pittsburg Coal ... 10 cc 1185 Limestone and red rock (cased 814'' at 1662') ... 485 c c 1670 Diinkard Sand ... 80 cc 1750 1«8 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS (MARION) Slate and Sand Salt Sand Slate and limestone (eased G%" at 2434') Big Rime r>ig Injun Sand (cased 5 3-lG" at 2G32') . . Sand Slate and shells Limestone and slate Fifty-foot Sand Sand shells Sand Shells ^ ^ Stray Sand Slate Gordon Sand (Campbells Run) First pay Second pay Bottom of well 350 ^ IGO ' 195 ' G5 ' 140 ' 40 ^ 50 ' 400 ^ 30 ' 110 ' 12 ‘ 10 ^ 10 ^ 8 ' 10 ‘ 7. E. Arnett Well, No. 1. Campbells run, Marion county, close to the Monoi line. Feet. Pittsburg Coal Unrecorded to Dunkard Sand (cased 8 I/ 4 " at 13G8') .... Unrecorded to ‘‘Gas” Sand L^nreeorded to Salt Sand at Unrecorded to (cased G%" 1940') Big Injun Sand Unrecorded to Tliirty-foot Sand (cased 5 3 - 10 " at 237G')' Unrecorded to Gantz Sand “Break” (slate) Fifty-foot Sand Unrecorded to “Stray” Sand Slate (bottom of liner 3035') Gordon Sand First i)ay Second pay Bottom of well 30 ‘ 27 ‘ 170 ‘ 10 ‘ 5 ‘ 53 ‘ 15 ‘ 15 ‘ 29 ‘ Scott Arnett Well, No. 1. Campbells rnn, Marion county. Feet. Flevati< n above tide, 1247. “Bluff” Sand ‘ 2100 ‘ 22G0 ‘ 2455 ‘ 2520 ‘ 2GG0 ‘ 2700 ‘ 2750 ‘ 3150 ‘ 3180 ‘ 3290 ‘ 3302 ‘ 3312 ‘ 3322 ‘ 3330 ‘ 3340 3331 3340 3340 igalia county Feet. 876 1360 ‘ 1390 1643 ‘ 1670 1791 2181 ‘ 2351 2671 2810 ‘ 2820 ‘ 2825 ‘ 2878 3005 ‘ 3020 ‘ 3035 C 3064 3035 3053 3064 Feet. 650 WEST VIIUUNIA GEOLOGICAL SULVEY JO') UnrcM'or'led (o Arn})lel()wn Coal at 010 U!iro(M;r(le(l to Pit tsburii: Coal at 1010 Unrooonled to 1505 Dnnkard Saod (eased Sy/' at 1521') 75 1580 Slate 50 1630 Cas Sand (water at 1640') 130 1760 Salt Sand 110 1870 Slate 50 1920 Red reek and sand shells 180 2100 Lime shells 80 2180 Limestone and sand 70 2250 F>io' Lime (cased 6%" at 2300') 70 ‘‘ 2320 yP>reak’’ (slate) 20 ‘‘ 2340 P>i£>' Tninn Sand (water at 2440) 120 “ 2460 Sand, hard 50 2510 Shells and hard sand (cased 5 3-16" at 2539') 200 2710 Slate and sand shells 230 ‘‘ 2940 Cxantz Sand 45 2985 Fifty-foot Sand 45 3030 Unrecorded to 3159 ^^Stray’’ Sand 13 3172 Slate 3 3175 Gordon Sand (Campbells Run) 27 ‘‘ 3202 First pay 3176 Second pay 3179 Pottom of well 3202 ^ II envy Rice’s Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Flat run, Marion county. Feet. Feet. TTn recorded to 690 'MllnfU’ Sand 70 to 760 (’oal (Waynesbnr^) 3 “ 763 Unrecorded to 770 Sand 46 816 Unrecoi-dedyo Maj)letowii (^oal at 1034 Ibn-ecorded to 1137 Pittsbnrs: Coal 6 1143 Uni-ecorded to 1650 l)nnkai*d Sand (cased 8)/4" at 1675') 60 1710 ITni-ecorded to 1828 “Gas” Sand 80 “ 1908 Unrecorded to 2000 Salt Sand 74 “ 2071 Uni-ecorded to (cased 6%'' 2187') 2342 Pemdl cave 6 “ 2348 lliii: Lime 72 “ 2420 Pij^ Injun Sand 143 “ 2563 170 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOEDS (MARION) Show of oil, 2510'; salt water, 2528'. Unrecorded to (cased 5 3-1 G" at 2598') . . . 2900 Thirty-foot Sand (Berea?) 90 2990 Oil at 2997 Unrecorded to 2997 Gantz Sand 11 3008 Unrecorded to 3035 Fifty-foot Sand (gas at 3045') 72 3107 Unrecorded to 3280 ‘‘Stray” Sand (Campbells Run) 38 “ 3318 Unrecorded to 3342 Fourth Sand (oil at 3346') 24 “ 3366 Bottom of well 3374 James Price Well, No. 1. Flat run, IMarion county. Feet. ' Feet. Unrecorded to 050 “Bluff” Sand 50 to 700 Unrecorded to 976 Mapletown Coal -8 “ 984 Unrecorded to 1054 Pittsburg Coal 6 “ 1060 Unrecorded to 1552 Dunkard Sand 58 “ 1610 Unrecorded to 1700 ■ “Gas” Sand *80 “ 1780 Unrecorded to 1900 Salt Sand (water at 1920') 40 * “ 1940 Unrecorded to 2260 Pencil c-ave 5 “ 2265 Unrecorded to 2315 Big Injun Sand (gas and water at 2320') 175 “ 2490 Unrecorded to 2510 Sand (Squaw) 40 “ 2550 Unrecorded to (show of oil 2920 to 2990', gas at 2960') 3010 Fifty-^foot Sand 20 “ 3130 Red sand 10 “ 3140 Unrecorded to 3160 Thirty-foot Sand 20'“ 3180 L^nrecorded to 3210 “Stray” Sand (Campbells Run) 30 “ 3240 Fourth Sand at 3256 Oil at 3275 Second pay 3280 Sanford Toothman Well, No. 1. On Flat run, Marion county. WEkST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 171 Feot. Feet. recorded to 130 Sand 15 to 145 T^nrecorded to Mapletown Coal at 915 Unrecorded to Pittsburg- Coal at 1000 Unrecorded to 1160 Sand (water) 15 1175 Unrecorded to Sand at 1440 Unrecorded to (cased at 1470') 1490 Dunkard Sand 130 '' 1620 ‘‘Gas” Sand at 1660 Unrecorded to 1870 Salt Sand (water at 1930') (eased 6%" at 1950') 80 “ 1950 Unrecorded to . 2200 Pencil cave 6 “ 2206 Unrecorded to 2250 Big Injun Sand (gas at 2270') (show of oil at 2350') 140 “ 2390 Sand at (cased 5 3-16" at 2445') 2475 TTnrecorded to 2900 Sand (Gantz) (show of oil at 2900) 15 “ 2915 Unrecorded to 2930 Sand (Fifty-foot) 30 “ 2960 Unrecorded to 2970 Sand 20 “ 2990 Unrecorded to 3015 Sand 10 “ 3025 Unrecorded to 3055 Sand 15 “ 3070 TTnrecorded to 3140 Sand (Campbells Bun) 20 “ 3160 TTnrecorded to 3203 Fourth Sand (oil from 3203 to 3205') .... 15 “ 3218 Slate 6 “ 3224 Fifth Sand 44 “ 3268 Bottom of well 3268 W. li. Dickens Well, No. 1. Flat run, Marion county. Feet. Feet. TTnrecorded to 740 Pittsburg Coal 8 to 748 Unrecorded to (cased 10" at 860') 915 Sand 30 “ 945 TTnr-ecorded 295 “ 1240 Dunkard Sand 100 “ 1340 TTnrecorded to 1775 Salt Sand 20 “ 1795 172 OIL AND GAS WELL llECOEDS (MAKION) IT?i recorded to 1970 Pencil cave 10 “ 1980 P.i^cv Lime 32 '' 2012 Pig Injun Sand (show of oil 2112') 150 2162 Unrecorded to 2647 Gantz and Fifty-foot Sands 104 2751 Ihnecorded to 2920 ‘^Stray’’ Sand (Campbells Run) 21 2941 Um-ecorded to 2960 Fourth Sand 26 2986 First pay at 2969 Second pay at 2973 Bottom of well 2992 Sarah Condit Well, No. 1. Flat run, Clarion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to Alapletown Coal at (cased 10" at 400) 1035 T^nrecorded to Pittsburg Coal at 1131 Unrecorded to 1650 Dnnkard Sand 45 to 1695 Unrecorded to 1825 ^^Gas’’ Sand 95 '' 1902 Uni’ecorded to 2157 Salt Sand 113 '' 2270 Thirecorded to 2360 Pencil cave 8 2368 Big Time 52 2420 Big Injun Sand 135 ‘‘ 2555 Sand 45 2600 Unrecorded to 3050 Gantz and Fifty-foot Sands 100 3150 Unrecorded to 3329 ‘^Stray” Sand (Campbells Rim) 25 3345 Fourth Sand at 3352 Fiist pay 3354 Bottom of well 3358 Mike Snyder Well, No. 2. Flat run, IMarion county. Elevation above tide, 1,174 feet. Feet. Feet. Umeccaded to Pittsbuig Coal at 810 Unrecorded to 1343 Dnnkard Sand (814" casing, 1362') 70 ‘‘ 1413 Ibirecorded to 1475 ‘Glas” Sand 65 1540 Unrecorded to 1810 Salt Sand 110 1920 WEST VriidTNIA GEOLOGK’.AL SURVEY 17:5 Uiirocordcd to 2010 Pencil cave 0 ‘‘ 2010 Pdg Idnie (cased 0%'' at 211(5') 121 2137 P)!!*' Injun Sand (oil at 2211') (cased, " 5 3-1(5, 22(51') 133 2270 Unrecorded to 2710 Gantz Sand 45 2755 Unrecorded to 2770 Fifty-foot Sand 35 2805 Unrecorded to ^^Tliirty-fooU’ Sand at... 2825 Uni’ecorded to . 2970 Stray” Sand (Campbells Knn) 55 “ 3025 Fourth Sand at (oil at 3044 and 3060') . . 3032 6" , Pol tom of well 3064 Joseph Hayhurst Well, No. 1. About two miles from Brink Bostoffice, in Clarion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 844 Pittsburg- Coal 11 to 855 Unrecorded to 1327 Dunkard Sand (cased 81/4" at 1352') .... 38 1365 Unrecorded to Salt Sand at (gas at 1870') 1750 Unrecorded to 1990 Sand (Alaxton) 40 ‘‘ 2030 (Oil, steel line, 2000; oil and water 2020') Unrecorded to (cased 6%", 2120) 2143 P)ig- Injun Sand (water) 107 2250 Unrecorded to 2760 Fifty-foot Sand (pebbly) (gas at 2790') 45 2805 Sami and slate 188 ‘‘ 2993 (SJiow of oil at 2823'; and 2981', in pebbly sand) Gordon Sand (Campbells Run) 37 3030 (Gas show; increase, 3000') (Show of oil, 3005') (Gas at 3010') Slate 58 3088 IF. N. Cunnuigham Well. On the head of Owen Davy run, one mile east from Brink Post- office, Marion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 500 “muif” Sand 50 to 550 Unrecorded to 904 Pittsburg Coal 6 910 Unrecorded to (cased 8(4" at 1247') 1400 Dunkard Sand 45 1445 174 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOEDS (MAKION) Unrecorded to 1(S00 Salt Sand 145 1945 Unrecorded to (cased G%" at 1988' 8") . . . 2170 Pencil slate 4 2174 Big Lime 37 2211 Big Injun Sand (no gas, water or oil) .... 125 2336 Unrecorded to 2820 Gantz Sand 40 2800 Slate 10 2870 Fifty-foot Sand 10 2880 Slate 35 ‘‘ 2915 Bed rock 15 2930 Sand (pebbly) (show of gas at 2935') (‘‘30-FooU’) 15 ‘‘ 2945. Slate and shells 65 3010 ‘‘Stray’’ Sand, hard and close 25 “ 3035 (Small show of oil at 3015') Slate, black 7 “ 3042 Gordon Sand, pebbly (Campbells Run).. 28 “ 3070 (Gas at 3145; show of oil 3060'.) Slate, black 30 “ 3100 Sand, black, soft 9 “ 3109 Slate, black 30 “ 3139 Bottom 3139 J. Mason Gas Well, No. 1. Near Joetowu, Marion county. Feet. Mapletown Coal 128 Pittsburg Coal 228 Big Injun Sand ' 1600 (Cased 6%" at 1622'.) Gantz Sand 2150 Fifty-foot Sand 2160 “Stray” Sand 2375 Gordon Sand (two streaks of gas) 2418 Slate 2434 Fourth Sand (increase of gas) 2437 Slate 2454 Sand shell (Fifth Sand) 2476 Black slate 2480 Bottom of well 2495 Daniel Mason Well, No. 1. Near Joetown, Marion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 475 Pittsburg Coal 9 to 484 Unrecorded to 900 WEST VIUGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 175 Little Duiikard Sand 30 030 Unrecorded to Dunkard Sand at 1020 Unrecorded to 1170 ‘‘Gas” Sand 60 1230 Unrecorded to 1203 Salt Sand 137 1430 Unrecorded to 1463 Sand 202 1665 Unrecorded to 1722 Big Lime 83 '' 1805 Big Injun Sand 105 1010 Unrecorded to 2375 Gantz Sand 80 2455 Slate 15 “ 2470 Fifty-foot Sand at (strong gas at 2475') 2470 Unrecorded to ^ ‘ Thirty-fooU ’ Sand at... 2600 Stray Sand (Campbells Run) 2640 Fourth Sand 2675 Bottom 2750 A. Ashcraft G.as Well, No. 1. Near Joetown, Marion county. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 280 Bluff’’ Sand 40 320 Unrecorded to Mapletown Coal at 535 Unrecorded to Pittsburg Coal at 635 Unrecorded to 1055 Dunkard Sand * 55 “ 1110 Unrecorded to (81/4" casing 1155') 1320 Sand (gas) 80 1400 Unrecorded 20 ‘‘ 1420 Sand (water) 20 1440 Unrecorded to 1570 Salt Sand 100 1670 Unrecorded to Pencil cave at 1880 UnrecoTiled to 1950 Big Injun Sand (6%" casing at 1969') . . . 100 2050 Unrecorded to 2520 Gantz Sand 16 2536 Slate 5 2541 Sand 10 2551 Bedrock 4 '' 2555 Sand 35 '' 2590 Slate 15 2605 Sand 35 2640 Red rock and slate 30 2670 Sand (‘^Thirty-foot”) 20 “ 2(590 Slate 45 “ 2735 176 OIL AND OAS WELL KECOllDS (WETZEL; Sand (Stray) 40 “ 2775 Slate and shells 30 “ 2805 Gordon Sand (Camp])ells Rnn) 20 2825 (Gas at 6 ft. in Gordon Sand.) Slate 20 ‘‘ 2845 Fourth Sand 20 28G5 Slate to bottom at 2889 WETZEL COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Wetzel eoiiiity lies directly west from Monongalia and Marion, and oecn[)ies the bottom of the great Appalachian trough. This geosyncline is itself traversed, however, by several low anti- clinal folds which pass across Wetzel county, so that the condi- tions for oil and gas accumulation are ideal. Hence it has resulted that AVetzel has proven the Tanner county of the State so far as oil and gas production is concerned, nearly every portion of its 360 odd s(piare miles of area being productive of either oil or gas in paying quantities. The productive sands of Wetzel county extend from the Dunkard, or First Cow Run, down to a sand 2,225 feet below the Pittsburg Coal, which is either the Fourth or Fifth of the Venango Group, but the most of the production has come from what the oil fraternity has called the Gordon “Stray,” and regular Gordon Sand, 10 to 15 feet lower, and approximately 2,100 feet below the Pittsburg Coal. The ‘"Stray” is the great gas horizon of AVetzel, and has also produced much oil. The Big Injun Sand has also proven very prolific of oil and gas in eastern Wetzel, while recently the Max ton Sand, an oil horizon first developed on the Alaxton farm, near Sistersville, in Tyler county, has proven quite productive of oil a j^hort distance northeast from Burton. This sand was formerly believed to be the bottom member of the Pottsville, but the records from Wetzel county place it clearly in the Mauch Chunk Red Shale Series, which always has a sandy horizon near its center. We shall now give a number of records from the several portions of Wetzel county, as follows: Sol Shriver Well, No. 1. Two miles east of Burton. Authority Carter Oil Comj)any. Feet. Feet. 912 to 917 Maple town Coal WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 177 Pittsburg Coal 1012 1014 Cave 1014 1032 Little Duiikard Sand 1332 1376 Dunkard Sand 1410 1442 Sand 1460 1925 Little Lime 2145 2160 Big Lime 2195 2280 Big Injun Sand (water at 2505') 2280 ‘‘ 2535 Pencil cave 2840 2870 Gantz Sand 2870 ‘‘ 2966 ‘^Fifty-foot’’ Sand 2973 “ 3003 “Thirty-foot” Sand (gas, 3029'; oil, 3044') 3023 “ 3055 “Stray” Sand 3070 “ 3085 Gordon Sand 3105 “ 3175 Fourth Sand 3185 “ 3219 Bayard Sand 3377 “ 3383 (Two-baiTel well.) Jackson Ilostutlei' Well, No. 1. wo miles northeast of Burton. Authority, Fisher Oil Company-. E'ppf E'ppt “Bluff” Sand 926* to 966 Waynesbiirg Coal 972 “ 974 Ma])letown Coal 1218 “ 1222 ■ Pittsburg Coal 1313 “ 1319 Little Dunkard Sand 1725 “ 1765 Big Dunkard Sand 1789 “ 1867 Sand 1998 “ 2082 “Gas” Sand 2105 “ 2185 Salt Sand (little gas, 2298') 2296 “ 2316 Pencil cave 2504 “ 2508 Big Lime 2508 “ 2568 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2573' and oil at 2588') 2568 “ 2808 Fifty-foot Sand |3274 “ 3330 Sand 3334 “ 3354 Bed rock 3364 “ 3370 Gordon “Stray” 3384 “ 3402 Sand, Gordon 3438 “ 3462 Sand 3472 “ 3490 Sand (Fourth) 3516 “ 3530 Sand (Fifth) 3570 “ 3585 Lime 3810 “ 3813 Hard lime 3828 “ 3845 Slate to bottom 3845 “ 3985 178 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS (WETZEL) Winona SJio c\ Well, No. 1. One mile and a half northeasi of Burton. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand 515 to 545 Coal, Waynesbui’g 545 550 Sand 605 ‘‘ 618 Mapletown Coal 787 792 Pittsburg' Coal 890 898 Red rock 1155 “ 1185 Slate and lime 1185 1260 Little Dunkard Sand 1260 1295 Big Uunkard Sand 1365 1395 ‘‘Gas” Sand 1660 “ 1775 Salt Sand (little gas 1875') 1790 “ 1896 Maxton Sand (oil show 2030') 1984 “ 2059 Pencil cave 2059 “ 2069 Big Lime 2069 “ 2134 Big Injun Sand 2134 “ 2382 Sand 2482 “ 2582 “Fifty-foot” Sand 2800 “ 2850 “Thirtv-foot” Sand 2894 “ 2926 Gordon “Stray?” 2934 “ 2957 Little gas and oil show, 2944'. Sand, veiy hard 2982 “ 3032 Sand, good 3040 “ 3070 Sand, hard (Fourth?) 3072 “ 3090 Sand (Fifth?) 3106 “ 3124 Slate and shells 3124 “ 3189 Depth 3189 Record of the John Santee Well, No. 5. One mile northeast of Burton. Authority, Mr. J. P. Hagan, of the Syndicate Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Wood conductor 15 Pittsburg Coal 1085 Little Dunkard Sand 1475 “ 1520 Big Dunkard Sand 1835 “ 1900 “Gas” Sand (little salt water) 1835 “ 2100 ( ?) Salt Sand 2025 “ 2100 Red rock 2120 “ 2183 Maxton Sand 2183 “ 2263 First show of oil 2118 More oil at 2225 Best “pay” at 2242 , Total dei)th of well 2263 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 179 Ton-incli ('asiiig, 285'; S|4" (’asing, 1475'; 6%' Sand hard, shot with 100 quarts of nitroglycerine. Leezer Well, No. 1. Near Burton. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. ciising, 2183'. Feet. Feet. Maxton Sand 2307 to 2395 Top first pay 2339 Bottom first pav 2347 Pencil cave 2395 2397 Big Lime 2397 i ( 2403 Big Injun 2303 Total depth 2591 Bartrug Well, No. 1. One mile northeast of Burton. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1202 First Salt Sand 2005 to 2141 Second Salt Sand 2201 ( i 2255 Red cave 2343 i i 2385 Maxton Sand (light gas) 2385 ( i 2436 First pay 2418 i < 2420 Total depth 2436 John Majjle Well, No. 4. One mile northeast of Burton. fVuthority, Fisher Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1190 Little Dunkard Sand 1575 Big Dunkai’d Sand 1055 Salt Sand 2120 Ked cave 2250 Maxtori Sand 2318 First pay 2350 Second i)ay 2305 Total depth W. 0. Bnodgrass Well, No. 1. One mile nortlieast of Burton. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Oil Company. Feet. to 1025 1090 ‘‘ 2190 2318 < ‘ 2352 ‘‘ 2370 2373 Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1179 Little Dunkard Sand to 1020 Big Dunkard Sand 1040 i i 1080 Salt Sand 2112 i i 2105 Red cave 2225 i ( 2311 Maxton Sand 2311 ( i 2303 First pay 2335 i ( 2342 Second pay 2353 ( ( 2358 Total depth 2303 180 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (WETZEL) The records of these five tt ceding wells show conclusively that the Maxton Sand belongs 1.. che Mauch Chunk Series, its top coming 83 feet below the base of the Pottsville, and its base just above the “Pencil cave,” or 68 feet above the Big Injun Oil Sand, so that the position of the Maxton Sand is practically mid- way between the Pottsville and Pocono beds, its base coming close down to the top of the Mountain or Greenbrier (“Big Lime” of the drillers) Limestone. Joseph Province Well, No. 1. One mile northwest of Sincerity Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1035 to 1050 (?) Cave 1460 i 1 1530 Cow Run Sand 1510 ( ( 1550 Salt Sand (water, 1915') 1780 a 1960 Maxton Sand 2035 i ( 2075 Pencil cave 2190 i ( 2200 Limestone 2200 ( { 2280 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2381') 2309 < i 2589 Pencil cave 3060 ti 3070 Gordon Stray 3070 1 1 3100 Gordon Sand, poor 3100 n 3105 Total depth 3211 Good gas well in “Stray” Sand. 8. L. Jolliff Well, No. 1. About one mile southwest' of Sincerity. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg, Goal . . . ' 8 to 777 Cow Run Sand (Dunkard) 30 1160 Salt Sand 350 “ 1890 Cave (Pencil) 7 “ 1967 ‘‘Big'’ Lime 63 “ 2030 Big Injim Sand 185 “ 2215 Unrecorded 375 “ 2590 Berea Grit (Ganiz?) 20 “ 2610 Unrecorded 190 “ 2800 Stray Sand 35 “ 2835 Unrecorded 30 “ 2865 Gordon Sand 23 “ 2888 Total depth 3064 WEST VIKGINTA GEOLOGICAL SUREVY 181 J. K. Morgan Well, No. 1. Olio mile and a half southeast of Sincerity. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1170 Little Dunkard Sand 1570 Big Dunkard Sand 1675 to 1720 ‘‘Gas’’ Sand 1875 li 1920 Salt Sand 1960 a 2120 Little Lime 2340 n 2385 Pencil cave 2385 a 2395 Big Lime 2395 it 2480 Big Injun Sand 2485 u 2715 “Stray” Sand .3220 i ( 3235 Gordon Sand 3240 (( 3262 Fourth Sand 3320 ({ 3336 Total depth 3496 (Dry hole.) David Bellard Well, No. 1. About one mile and a half north of Sincerity. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal . 846 Pittsburg Coal . 946 to 950 Little Dunkard Sand .1325 ( i 1355 Big Dunkard Sand .1430 a 1490 “Gas” Sand .1580 c l 1640 Salt Sand .1800 u 1945 Little Lime .2100 ii 2118 Pencil cave .2118 ( t 2145 Big Lime .2145 (( 2210 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2260') .2210 it 2460 “Stray” Sand .2992 (( 2997 Gordon Sand (gas, 3041') .3029 ( ( 3065 Fourth Sand (oil, 3121') .3115 i i 3160 Fifth Sand .3200 ( ( 3205 Total depth .3386 James O’Day Well, No. 1. Just south of Littleton and B. & 0. R. R. Clay district. Author- ity, Hope Natural Gas Company. Pittsburg Coal 785’ to 791 Dunkard Sand 1273 '' 1333 Pencil cave 1960 1970 Big Injun Sand 2061 2280 “Thiny-foot” (Berea?) ...2590 '' 2630 182 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (WETZEL) ‘‘Fifty-foot’’ Sand ....2737 “ 2760 Gordon Sand 2887 “ 2903 Fourth Sand (gas from 2958 to 2963') . . . .2958 “ 2963 Total depth 2972 Geo. Gillingham Well, No. 1. One mile south of Littleton, Clay district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal 1090 Pittsburg Coal 1190 Little Dunkard Sand 1575 to 1595 Big Dunkard Sand 1685 “ 1735 “Gas” Sand 2000 “ 2080 Salt Sand 2140 “ 2270 Little Lime 2390 Big Lime 2393 “ 2468 Big Injun Sand 2480 “ 2710 “Fifty-foot’ Sand 3050 Gordon Sand 3286 “ 3332 Fourth Sand (oil, 3367') 3362 Total depth 3377 Wm. McEeijnolels Well, No. 3. One mile and a half south of Littleton, Clay district. Authority, Sig Injun Sand 2205 “ 2355 “Stray” Sand (oil, 2865') 2860 Gordon Sand (oil, 2888') 2880 “ 2890 Total depth 2901 209 210 01L>ND GAS WELL RECOEDS (WETZEL) F. R. Ball Well, No. 1. Piney Fork. Authority, South 1 Oil Company. Feet. ^eet. Coal (Washington) . 140 Coal (Waynesburg?) . 400 Dnnkard Sand 1060 ^^Gas’’ Sand 1125 Salt Sand 1540 Little Lime 1850 Pencil cave 1880 Big Lime 1890 Slate and Sand (Keener) 1968 Big Injun Sand (oil and water, 2060') . . .1983 to 2110 Slate ‘‘Break’’ 2085 Total depth 2121 F. B. Ball Well, No. 2. Piney Fork. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 650 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2050') 1960 to 2110 “Stray” Sand 2690 “ 2706 Gordon Sand (oil, 2712' and 2720') 2706 “ 2732 F. B. Ball Well, No. 4. Piney Pork. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 940 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2275') 2240 to 2400 “Stray” Sand 2975 “ 2986 Gordon Sand (oil, 3002') 2989 “ 3012 Total depth 3024 Mary A. Fenick Well, No. 2. Piney Fork. Authority, South Penn -Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 935 Big Injun Sand 2237 to 2410 “Stray” Sand 3001 Gordon Sand (oil, 3028') 3026 “ 3048 Anderso7i Wiley Well, No. 1. Piney Fork. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 725 Big Injun Sand 2036 to 2189 “Stray” Sand (gas, light, 2803') 2789 Gordon Sand (oil, 2816') 2812 “ 2825 Total depth 2831 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 211 George Wiley Well, No. 1. Piney Fork. Authority, South l^eim Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 733 Big Injun Sand 2074 to 2117 “Stray” Sand (gas, 2783') 2771 Gordon Sand (oil, 2822') 2820 “ 2833 Total depth 2835 McCoy Heirs’ Well, No. 4. Piuey Fork. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 845 Big Injun Sand 2170 to 2320 “Straj^” Sand (e:as, 2905') 2895 Gordon Sand (oil, 2928') 2926 “ 2935 Oil 2928 Total depth 2940 J. R. Wood Well, No. 1. One mile and a half southwest of Reader Postoffice. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. No Pittsburg Coal. Maxton Sand 1910 to 1950 Pencil cave ....1950 “ 1960 Big Lime 1960 “ 2020 Big Injun Sand 2020 “ 2280 Show oil 2280 Gordon “Stray” (gas, 2867') 2862 “ 2868 Gordon Sand (gas, 2872') 2871 “ 2880 Total depth 3037 The Garner oil pool of Wetzel county was developed by the South Penn Oil Company, its first well having been drilled in 1899 on the land of Henry Garner in Proctor district, which occupies the northwestern corner of the county. Thii pool has proven very prolific, and has now been traced northeastward by the drill into IMarshall county and nearly to the B. & 0. R. R., near Loudenville. Lying as this belt does within five miles of the Ohio river at the nearest point, the westward thinning of the underground strata has diminished the interval between the Pittsburg coal and the Gordon Sand by about 100 feet, so that it measures only 2,000 feet, instead of 2,100 as in the region of the Pine Grove pool, 212 OIL AKD GAS WELL RECORDS (WETZEL) 10 miles east from the Gamier developments, as shown by the records which follow : J. P. Cooper Well, No. 1. Proctor district. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg “A”) 334 to 338 Mapletown Coal 580 583 Pittsburg Coal 675 681 Salt Sand 1400 1445 Maxton Sand 1675 1720 Big Lime 1735 “ 1810 Big Injun Sand 1810 2012 Berea (?) Sand 2407 2420 ‘‘Stray” Sand 2639 “ 2645 Gordon Sand (gas, 2682') 2681 “ 2700 Rock pressure, 825 pounds. J. W. Palmer Well, No. 2 Proctor district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 335 to 339 Mapletown Coal 700 “ 702 Pittsburg Coal 785 “ 791 Salt Sand 1520 “ 1570 Big Lime 1885 “ 1925 Big Injun Sand 1925 “ 2195 Stray Sand 2756 “ 2759 Gordon Sand 2796 “ 2814 Total depth 2817 Henry Garner Well, No. 3. Proctor district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg “A”) 590 to 594 Mapletown Coal 850 “ 852 Pittsburg Coal 950 “ 956 Salt Sand 1670 1714 Big Lime 2117 “ 2157 Big Injun Sand 2157 “ 2423 “Stray” Sand 2921 “ 2932 Gordon Sand 2971 “ 2980 Henry Garner Well, No. 16. Proctor district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 480 to 484 Mapletown Coal 840 “ 846 Pittsburg Coal 930 “ 935 WEST VIKGimA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 213 Salt Sand 1668 1726 Big* Lime 2030 2084 Big Injnn Sand 2084 “ 2360 Gordoil Sand (oil, 2959') 2959 2978 Henry Garner Well, No. 29. Proctor district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 460 to 464 IMapletown Coal . . . . ^ 827 829 Pittsburg Coal 912 '' 918 r Salt Sand 1670 1730 ! Big Lime 2010 2060 . Big Injnn Sand 2060 '' 2100. John Widner Well, No. 1. Magnolia district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal 660 to 665 Pittsburg Coal 750 755 ^ Big Dnnkard Sand 1310 1380 Salt Sand 1498 1638 Big Lime 1890 1940 Big Injun Sand 1940 '' 2180 Shells' 2450 2455 ,7 Cordon Sand 2771 2773 Total depth 2843 MARSHALL COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Marshall county lies directly north from W^etzel, and hence is within the zone of oil and gas production. This county did not receive much attention from the oil fraternity until after the 'Garner oil pool of Wetzel county had been opened. True, the great gas field in the region of Cameron had been developed in the early ’90 ’s, but as the Garner oil pool of Wetzel county was not discovered until 1899, it was late in 1901 before there was much oil production from the extension of this pool north- eastward into Marshall. Now that this pool has been extended from the Wetzel county line for a distance of 10 miles through Marshall to the B. & O. R. R., near Loudenville, it is possible that good oil producing territory will yet be found still farther to the north, so that there may be a considerable area of oil ter- ritory yet undeveloped within the county. 214 OIL AND GAIS WELL RECORDS (MARSHALL) The following records of wells drilled in different regions of the county will show the general underground succession of the strata in Marshall county. The coal termed “Native” in the records is in nearl}^ all cases the Washington bed of the Permian or Dunkard series, while the “Mapletown” is the drillers name for the Sewickley bed: Lindsey Burley Well, No. 1. One-half mile west of Bellton, Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1100 to 1108 Dunkard Sand 1580 ( 1 1640 Salt Sand 2000 ( ( 2050 Maxton Sand 2230 ( ( 2240 Big Lime 2250 ( ( 2305 Big Injun Sand 2305 ( { 2590 Berea? Sand 2800 ( i 2820 “Thirty-foot” Sand 3000 < ( 3030 Gordon Sand (gas) 3175 ( ( 3185 Fourth Sand (oil, 3210') 3208 ( ( 3216 Total depth . 3225 J. II. Mackey Well, No. 1. Near Garrett, Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 745 “Gas” Sand 1450 to 1550 Salt Sand 1840 {( 1915 Big Injun Sand (gas and show of oil 2025') 1920 i ( 2230 ‘‘Fifty-foot” Sand (Gantz and “Fifty- Foot”) 2540 1 i 2640 “Stray” Sand 2804 1 ( 2812 Red rock 2812 ( ( 2815 Slate 2815 ( ( 2820 Gordon Sand 2820 i ( 2845 Slate 2845 ( ( 2875 Fourth Sand 2875 (( 2885 Slate 2885 iC 2935 Fifth Sand 2935 ( ( 2942 Slate and shell 2942 1 1 3249 Bottom (Dry) 3249 'he saud identified by the driller as the “ Fifty-foot” in this record represents the Gantz Sand also, and the two combined WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 215 make up the “Hundred-foot” of the Butler-Venango county group of sands, so that in this record we have the entire Venango series represented, its top coming 1800 'feet below the Pittsburg coal, the same as at Washington, Pennsylvania, 40 miles north- east. The thickness of the series from the top of the Gantz Sand to the bottom of the Fifth Sand (2540-2942) foots up 402 feet, as against 403 feet for the same measures in the type section record from the McDonald pool, given on pages 112-114. J. A. & S. L. Chambers Well, No. 1. Two miles southwest of Cameron, Liberty district. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Native coal .... 512 to 515 Mapletown Coal .... 710 i ( 715 Pittsburg Coal .... 800 C( 806 Salt Sand •. . . ....1550 ( ( 1745 Big Lime ....1875 ( ( 1915 Big Injun Sand ....1915 a 2140 Red rock ....2615 ( ( 2675 Gordon Sand (gas, 2792' and 2804') . . ....2785 ti 2805 Total depth ....2810 Christian Lough Well, No. 3. One mile west of Cameron, Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Coal, native Mapletown Coal ... 540 to 545 ... 795 i ( 800 Pittsburg Coal ... 890 i i 895 Salt Sand ...1625 a 1825 Big Lime ...1960 it 2000 Big Injun Sand . . .2000 it 2260 “Stray’' Sand ...2840 i i 2845 Gordon Sand ...2885 it 3911 “Pav” streak ...2888 i i 2898 Total depth ... 29131/2 Booher-Ilicks Well, No. 3. About three miles northeast of Adaline Postoffice. Authority, Benedum Brothers. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal “Murpliy” Sand (Connellsville) ... 950 to 960 ...1065 First Salt Sand ...1720 a 1770 • Second Salt Sand ,...1815 it 1870 21G OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (MARSHALL) Maxtor! Sand (water) 1970 Big Lime 2050 ‘‘ 2100 Big Injun Sand (salt water, 2185') 2100 ‘‘ 2305 Berea (Gantz?) Sand 2090 Gordon Sand (oil, 2950') 2944 2970 (One hundred-barrel wellO John Bruhn Well, No. 1. Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal 420 to 424 Mapletown Coal 735 740 Pittsburg Coal 835 840 Little Dunkard Sand 1185 1215 Big Dunkard Sand 1325 1405 Salt Sand 1730 1785 Maxton Sand 1870 “ 1905 Big Lime 1905 1940 Big Injun Sand 1940 2180 Gordon Sand (1st pdy, 2834'; 2d pav, 2847') ^2828 2857 Total depth 2860 John Bruhn Well, No. 2. Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal 740 to 745 MapletoAvn Coal 1000 1002 Pittsburg Coal 1090 1090 Little Dunkard Sand 1406 1436 Big Dunkard Sand 1606 1626 Salt Sand 2005 2040 Big Lime 2150 2185 Big Injun Sand 2185 2430 Stray” Sand ...3050 3060 Gordon Sand 3085 ‘‘ 3100 Total depth 3108 • John Bruhn Well, No. 3. Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native coal 520 to 524 Majrletown Coal 750 752 Pittsbui’g Coal 860 8(56 Salt Sand 1700 ‘‘ 1790 Big Lime 2040 “ 2100 Big Injun Sand 2100 2340 Gordon Sand 2849 “ 2879 Total depth 2889 WEST VIUGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 2] 7 A. L. Courlright Well, No. 1. Liberty district. Authority, South Peun Oil Company. Feet. . Feet. Native coal (Washini’ton) 29S to 302 ]\Iai)letown Coal 558 500 Pittsl)ur^ Coal 648 '' 054 Salt Sand 1430 1600 Bij? Lime 1690 '' 1750 Bi^' Tnjim Sand 1750 2025 Gordon Sand 2632 2056 Lewis Chamhe7^s Well, No. 1. Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Jolly town) 150 to 153 Second Coal (Washington) 400 404 Mapletown Coal 730 735 Pittsbnrg Coal 820 '' 824 Tattle Dnnkard Sand (Saltzbnrg) 1120 1140 Big Diinkard Sand 1305 1350 Salt Sand 1430 1770 Maxton Sand 1865 '' 1895 Big Lime 1910 1954 Big Tnjnn Sand 1954 2200 ''Stray'’ Sand 2790 " 2796 Gordon Sand v 2814 " 2844 Thompsoii Heirs’ Well, No. 1 Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet Feet Dnnkard Sand 1107 to 1117 "Gas" Sand 1340 " 1410 Salt Sand 1510 " 1500 Big Lime 1945 " 1995 Big Tnjim Sand 1995 " 2150 Gordon Sand (oil, 28051/2') 2850 " 2900 G^islav Richter Well, No. 1. Liberty district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 725 to 729 Mapletown Coal 985 " 987 Pittsburg Coal 1075 " 1081 Salt Sand 1905 " 2035 Big Lime 2145 " 2195 Big Tnjun Sand 2195 " 2440 Gordon Sand 3004 " 3084 Bottom 3090 218 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOllDS (MAESHALL) John Cain Well, No. 1. About two miles southwest of Adaline. Authority, Benedum Brothers. Feet. ’Feet. Pittsburg Coal 745 to 750 Cow Run Sand 1145 “ 1150 First Salt Sand 1400 1425 Second Salt Sand 1590 1615 Maxton Sand 1770 1790 Big Lime 1840 “ 1900 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1917') 1900 “ 2160 ^ ‘ Fifty-foot ’ ’ Sand 2510 ^ ' 2520 Gordon Sand (oil, 2729') 2729 '' 2750 Total depth 2869 (Good oil well.) Joseph Nolle Well, No. 1. About three to four miles southwest of Adaline. Authority, Bene- dum Brothers. • Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1076 ^‘Murphy’' Sand 1113 Cow Run Sand 1600 Big Lime 2140 Big Injun Sand 2226 to 2496 “ Stray (none). Gordon Sand (oil, 3075'; gas, 3085') 3070 '' 3085 Gertrude Stein Well, No. 5. At St. Joseph Postoffice, Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Mapletown Coal 835 to 838 Coal (Redstone) 885 890 Pittsburg Coal 920 930 Salt Sand 1570 1890 Big Lime 1990 2040 Big Injun Sand 2040 2310 Stray’’ Sand 2885 2890 Gordon Sand (oil, 2930 to 2940') 2925 2942 Total depth 2945 Margaret Hartley Well, No. 4. Two miles northeast of St. Joseph, Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 615 to 620 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 210 Maplciown Coal 835 840 PittsbiiTR- Coal 955 965 Salt Sand 1700 1805 Bii^Lime 2020 2059 Tnjun Sand 2059 ‘‘ 2370 ‘‘Sti-ay’’ Sand 2934 2939 Cordon Sand (oil, 2956 to 2965') 2954 '' 2969 Total depth 2974 J. C. Cain Well, No. 7. Two miles northeast of St. Joseph, Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 430 435 Mapletown Coal 637 642 Pittsburg Coal 720 '' 728 Salt Sand 1640 '' 1680 Big Lime 1772 1827 Big Injun Sand 1827 '' 2105 ‘‘Stray” Sand 2677 “ 2680 Gordon Sand (oil, 2720 to 2735') 2717 “ 2737 Total depth 2747 IF. IL Dohhs Well, No. 3. Two miles north of Adaline, Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) . .. 466 to 471 Mapletown Coal .... 710 ( ( 714 Pittsburg Coal . ... 800 ( ( 804 Salt Sand ....1370 ( ( 1685 Big Lime ....1895 ( c 1930 Big Injun Sand ....1930 i ( 2175 “Stray” Sand . .. .2725 ( ( 2730 Gordon Sand ....2764 ( ( 2795 First “pay” . . . .2768 ( ( 2772 Second “pay” 2788 ( i 2792 Total depth . .. .2798 A. J. Frolinapfel Well, No. 5. One-half mile northwest of St. Joseph, Meade district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Native coal 535 to 540 Mapletown Coal 760 ( ( 765 Pittsburg Coal 850 t i 857 Salt Sand 1600 1 ( 1755 Big Lime 1947 ( ( 1987 220 OIL AND GAS WELL IIECOIIDS (MARSHALL) B]> Injun Sand 1987 '' 2247 Stray’’ Sand 2807 ‘‘ 2809 Gordon Sand (oil 2855 to 2865') 2850 '' 2870 Total depth 2875 Breiding Heirs’ Well, No. 7. IMeade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 515 to 520 Mapletown Coal 762 767 Pittsburg Coal 852 862 Salt Sand 1600 1780 Big Time 1950 '' 2040 Big Injnn Sand 2040 '' 2260 ‘‘Stray” Sand 2833 “ 2838 Breiding Heirs’ Well, No. 2. IMeade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native coal 625 to 630 IMapletown Coal 845 “ 850 Pittsburg Coal 935 “ 945 Salt Sand 1680 “ 1800 Big Lime 2000 “ 2040 Big Ininn Sand 2040 “ 2350 “Stray” Sand 2890 “ 2895 Gordon Sand 2825 “ 2943 Total depth 2949 G. IF. Bowers Well, No. 1. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 204 to 209 Mapletown Coal 412 “ 414 Pittsburg Coal 500 “ 506 Salt Sand 1290 “ 1470 Big Injun Sand 1682 “ 1920 Gordon Sand 2487 “ 2514 John Blaker Well, No. 1. IMeade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Jollytown) 170 to 173 Waynesburg Coal 415 “ 421 Pittsburg Coal 710 “ 715 Sand (Morgantown) 852 “ 870 Little Dunkard Sand (Saltzburg) 1015 “ 1035 Big Dunkard and Salt Sand 1165 “ 1560 Maxtoii Sand 1605 “ 1645 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 221 Bi£>-Lime 17S4 1840 Rie: Injun Sand 1840 2070 Stmy Sand 2085 2712 Gordon Sand 2733 2736 Fifth Sand 2825 2832 Adolph Breiding Well, No. 1. iMeade district. Authority, South Peiin Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 550 to 555 Mapletown Coal 800 805 Pittsburg Coal 895 905 Salt Sand 1650 ‘‘ 1820 Big Lime 1960 2000 Big Injun Sand 2000 2310 Stray Sand 2870 2875 Gordon Sand 2891 2906 Alley & Lewis Well, No. 1. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 312 to 317 Mapletown Coal 520 ‘‘ 522 Pittsburg Coal 608 614 Salt Sand 1390 1583 Big Injun Sand 1740 1980 Gordon Sand (oil 2598 and 2605') 2598 2621 Alley d' Lewis Well, No. 2. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 605 to 611 Pittsburg Coal 893 899 Salt Sand 1668 1825 Big Injun Sand 2010 2215 Gordon Sand 2881 2908 Alley d Lewis Well, No. 3. Meade district. Authority, South Ihmn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 184 to 189 Mapletown Coal 392 394 Pittsburg Coal 480 486 Salt Sand 1262 1455 Big Injun Sand 1612 1840 Gordon Sand 2467 2477 222 OIL AND GAS WELL liECOltDS (MAllSHALL) A. S. Leach Well, No. 1. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 487 to 492 Mapletown CoaL.i 685 688 Pittsburg Coal 775 781 Salt Sand 1550 1707 Big Injun Sand 1895 2100 Gordon Sand 2771 2798 Total depth 2798 E. B. Francis Well, No. 1. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) 115 to 118 Mapletown Coal 440 “ 449 Pittsburg Coal 520 525 Salt Sand 975 1075 Big Lime 1550 1650 Big Injun Sand 1650 1790 Gordon Sand 2524 2535 Total depth 2807 8. L. Allen Well, No. 1. Franklin district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal to 680 Sand . 1200 < i 1300 Big Lime 1700 i ( 1735 Big Injun Sand 1760 ( 1 2000 Gordon Sand 2610 1 ( 2616 J. M. Parsons Well, No. 369. One mile west of Pioneer Postoffice, Franklin district. Authority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) .... 554 to 558 Mapletown Coal .... 870 i ( 875 Pittsburg Coal .... 960 ( 1 966 Salt Sand ....1690 ( i 1760 Big Lime ....2025 i ( 2100 Big Injun Sand ....2100 ( ( 2365 Red rock ....2801 ( 1 2886 Gordon Sand (gas, 2980 to 2990') . . . . ....2971 i ( 2997 Total depth 2999 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 223 Rosehys Rock Well. Clay district, near Rosebys Rock Station, B. & 0. R. R. Authority, Burt Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Maple town Coal 272 Pittsburg Coal 350 Dunkard Sand S° B., although found at a depth of less than 600 feet. No regular detailed records have been kept of these shallow wells WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 225 aroniul MoiUHlsvilli', mikI lu'nce none can lx* puhlislied. Within the last t\‘w months a hii'^x* ^as fi(‘I(l has been devc'loix'd in northeasteim IMarsliall hy the Virginia Oil and (Jas Company of Wheeling', West Virginia. The productive horizon belongs at 700 to 725 feet below the Pittsbui*^- coal, and hence is possilhy identical with the “Cas” Sand of JMarion and Monongalia counties, which generally represents the extreme top of the Pottsville formation, or Homewood sandstone member of that series, though occasionally it is the Freeport sandstone of the Allegheny formation. In IMarsliall county the rock in which the gas occurs has been identified with the “Salt Sand” by the drillers. One of these fields is on the South Fork of Wheeling creek, near the mouth of Grandstaff run, three to three and one- half miles south from Elm Grove, and the wells are mostly in Sand Hill district. The following records of wells drilled there have been furnished by Mr. W. S. Shaffer of the Virginia Oil and Gas Company, Wheeling : Maria Downing Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Three and one-half miles southeast (d* Elm Grove Postoffice. Authority, Virginia Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Shale 15 Toj) Lime 42 Hottom Lime 9.4 Coal (Se wick ley) 124 to 124G) Pittsburg Coal 411 217 “ Fir'st (!ovv Him Sand ( Saltzbiirg) 517 554 Second (5)w Knii Sand (Dnnkard) 7()S 742 Salt Sand 904 ‘Mias on top and best well in this Held, about 5, 000, ()()() cubic feet and rock jiressnre 475 pounds.” ^ilas Davis Well, No. 1. Three and one-half mih'« soutluaist of Elm (trove PosLiflice. Authority, Virginia Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. To]) Lime 40 Pittsburg Coal 221 to 227 First Cow linn Sand (Saltzbnrg) 527 “ 547 Second Cow Run Sand (Dnnkard) 723 Salt Sand 924 “ 970 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (MAKSHALL) 22t) ^^Sti'iick oil at about 015 feet, and sliot with bO quarts below this depth, v\hie]i shut off tlie oil and opened up the gas.” Willimn Miller Well, No. 1. 'Three and oiie-lialf iniles southeast of Elm Grove Postoffice. Authoj’ity, Yii’ginia Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Shale 10 Top Lime 38 Bottom Lime 88 Coal (Sewiekley) 120 to 1211/2 Pittsburg Coal 206 212 First Cow Run Sand (Saltzburg) 512 540 Second Cow' Run Sand (Dunkard) 708 Salt Sand 900 937 Gas at 937 ‘‘Utilzing the gas for drilling purposes, and being piped to Elm Grove tor use. Probably 2,0t)0,000 feet with rock pressure of 260 pounds. ’ ’ George F. Folmar Well, No. 1. Three miles soutlieast of Elm Grove Postoffice. Authority, Vir- ginia Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Top Lime . . . . 40 to 40 Pittsburg Coal . . ... 198 1 i 202 Cave (water) . ... 300 First Dunkard Sand (Saltzburg).... . . . . 500 ( ( 520 Second Dunkard Sand . ... 700 ( 1 740 Salt Sand 900 ( ( 960 ” Broken” (shale, etc.) . ... 960 ( i 1050 Maxton (?) Sand ....1050 Flow of gas at Good flow of gas, but abandoned.” ....1050 Hen' the di'iiler lias called the Saltzburg sancLstoue the First Dunkard Sand, and has doubtfully referred the sand at 1,050 feet to the Maxton. It is most probably a member of the Potts- ville, above tlu' JMaxton horizon. The succession of the rocks both ab()ve and below this gas horizon is shown by the record of a well bored by the same company in the Majorsville gas held, at tlie eastern line of Marshall county, as follows: WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 227 K. rJ . Richmond Well, No. 1. On Crow cr(H‘k, near Majorsvillc. Authority, Virj^iiiia Oil & Cas Company : Feet. Feet. Gravel 20 to 20 Lime 10 30 Slate 5 ( ( 35 Lime (water) 11 ( ( 46 Llack slate 20 i ( 66 White lime (liai’d) 30 ( 1 96 Black ‘slate 20 ( ( 116 Lime and slate 20 ( ( 136 Lime (hard) 23 1 ( 159 Slate 6 ( ( 165 Coal 3 i { 168 Slate 20 ( ( 188 Slate and hard lime 30 { i 218 Lime 25 ( ( 243 Lime, hard 19 ( i 262 Slate 13 i i 275 Lime, hard 5 ( ( 280 Pittsburg Coal (gas) 7 ( ( 287 Slate 13 ( ( 300 Lime 30 ( ( 330 Red rock 5 (1 335 Slate 15 ( ( 350 Lime (hard) 10 C ( 360 Red rock . 10 i ( 370 Slate 30 i ( 400 Lime (hard) 10 ( c 410 Red rock 5 i ( 415 Slate 20 ( ( 435 Lime 15 1 i 450 Slate 30 ( i 480 Red rock 5 ( ( 485 Slate 55 i i 540 Red rock 10 ( ( 550 Slate 40 < 1 590 Slate and lime 20 i ( 610 Sandstone, white 5 i ( 615 Slate 5 ( ( 620 Coal (gas) Bakerstown 3 i ( 623 Slate 17 ( i 640 Lime ( i ()45 Slate 20 ( ( 665 Red rock 10 t i 675 Lime ( ( 685 228 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (MARSHALL) Slate 65 750 Ijime and shells 15 “ 765 Sandstone, white (Uiinkard, U. Mahoning) 30 “ 795 Slate 5 800 Sandstone 10 “ 810 Shells. 15 825 Sandstone (white, Lower Mahoning) 20 “ 845 Slate 5 850 Sandstone 25 875 Slate 5 880 Coal, gas (Lower Freeport ?) 3 “ 883 Slate 7 890 Lime (hard) 10 . 900 Slate 10 910 Sandstone 10 920 Lime 15 935 Sandstone 15 “ 950 Slate 10 960 Sandstone 20 980 Slate 7 987 Sand, hard, some salt (Gas Sand) 16 “ 1003 Slate 17 1020 Shells 5 1025 Slate 42 1067 Sandstone (black) 5 1072 Slate 78 '' 1150 Sand (Maxton? of Geo. P. Folinar well). 30 1180 Slate 20 1200 Slate and shells 20 ‘‘ 1220 Sandstone, black 10 1230 Shells 30 '' 1260 Slate 10 1270 Sandstone, white (base of Pottsville) . . . . 25 ‘‘ 1295 Slate and shells 20 1315 Lime and sandstone (probably true Alax- ton Sand) 40 1355 Slate, black 50 1405 Big Lime (sandy) 10 1415 Slate 15 1430 Big Injun Sand, hard and pebbly 40 “ 1470 Shells ‘ 30 1500 Sandstone (base of Big Injun) 70 “ 1570 Slate 70 1640 Shells and sandy 40 1680 Shale, black . . 20 ‘ ' 1700 Slate 100 1800 Lime 15 1815 Slate 50 1865 Lime, hard 20 1885 WEST VUKUNIA GEOLOGICAL SUliVEY 15 1900 25 C i C i 1925 Lime (hard and samly) . . . . 5 1930 4 i i 1934 50 ( ( 1984 If) ( ( 2000 40 ( ( 2040 10 ( c 2050 30 ( ( 2080 20 ( i 2100 Wliifp <^late 25 ( i 2125 8 i ( 2133 Sand, gas (plenty) 3 i c 2136 6 t ( 2142 Slate 98 i i 2240 Lime and pebbly sand- i ) stone 1 “ Stray” and > ■ 40 ( ( 2280 White sandstone (hard ) ( Gordon. ) 1 30 i i 2310 Shells 30 ( ( 2340 Red I'oek 5 i i 2345 Sliells and slate 95 ( i 2440 Fifth Sand (thin ‘‘break” ; at 2445') 45 i ( 2485 Silnf p ( ( 2520 Red rock 50 ( i 2570 Shells, blaf'k 7 ( i 2577 Lime and shells 10 i i 2587 Rayai'd Sainl, hard, dai'k.. 10 i i 2597 Slale to botlom () i ( 2603 The saud stfuek at 987 feet in this well, and holdino- some salt wat(‘i’, is appairnt ly tlie j;‘as sand of tlie wells t]ir(‘e miles soiitlK'ast from Elm (irov(‘, since its top comes at 700 fei't below the Pittshni’^' coe (7%") Casing (5%") . . . Feet. . 120 . 890 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 23 r> Oil Sand 1212 Tliroui^li Oil Sand (llorea) 123() Uottoin 1240 James Cluimhcrs Well, No. 2. Feet. Drive pipe, 7%" 120 Casini?, 5%" 010 Oil Sand 1185 Tbrongli Sand 1208 Finished at 1223 Thomas Feterson Well No. 2. Feet. Drive pipe 7%" 95 Casing' pipe, 7%" 820 Oil sand 1107 Throngli Oil Sand (Berea) 1189 Finished at 1201 Mercer Well, No. 1. Feet. Casing, 7%''' 140 Casing, 5%"" 848 Oil Sand (Berea) 1200 Through Sand 1218 Bottom 1238 Mrs. Wylie Well, No. 1. Feet. (Jasing, 7%" 99 ('asing, 5%" 910 Oil Sand (Berea) 1234 ' Bottom of Sand 1257 Bottom of well 1272 Ml*, d aim's Murray and Murray and Milh'i* of Chester, TTan- coek eounty have* opi'rati'd to a eonsich'rahh' exti'iit for oil in the Turk('y-foot lii'ld, and tlu'y liav(‘ furnished th(‘ Surv(‘y the fol- lowing reeords : N. A. Ihieletaond Well, No. 3. Four and oiu'-half mih's southeast of Qliester. Authority, James Murray. Feet. Feet. Coal (probably Middle Iviltanning) 350 ^Olig” Coal (])rohal>ly Lower Kit tanning) 410 Salt Sand 514 Big Injun Sand 740 to 757 Berea Grit 1113 1100 ^ ^ Five-barrel well. ’ ’ 23G OIL AND GAS WELL KECOUDS (HANCOCK) S. jl. Richmond Well, No. d. Four niid ou(‘-li;ill‘ miles soutlieast of' CliesHm. Authority, James Murray. Feet. Feet. Coal (Mahoniny?) 240 ^M>iy” Coal (Lower Kittanniny'?) 520 Salt Sand '. (510 Hottoni of Big Tnjnn Sand 8S3 Berea, Sand to bottom of well 1212 to 1254 ‘^Five-barrel well.” J. 1Tb ratterson Well, No. 1. Four aud oue-balf miles soutlu^ast of Cbesb'r. Autbority, James i\furray. Feet. Feet. “Big” Coal (Upper Kittanning?) .325 Salt Sand 405 to 510 Bottom Big Injnn Sand 700 Berea Sand to bottom of well 1070 “ 1107 “Show of oil in Berea.” Rohert Stetvari Well, No. 1. Five mib‘s soutlieast of Chester. Autbority, James Muri’ay. Feet. Feet. “Big” Coal (Lower Kittanning) 31tb 1359 “The Bell wells made about 25 l)ai'rels when first drilled.” ir. A. Hell Well, No. 2. S(nTn udles southeast of Cln'ster. Autbority, Murray & IMilhu-. I’eet. Boltom of “Tnjnn” Sand 955 I’op of B(‘r('a Sand (“pay,” 1310' to 1320') 1290 Total de])th 1327 “Made about 25 hai-rels at first.” WEST VIUdINIA (’.EOLOGICAE SUKVEA^ TM \K. N. lldl Well, No. i. Seven miles southeast ol* Clu'stm*. Authority, Murray & Milh;r. Feet. Feet. Bet tom ol* Bii;- liiiiin Sand 900 Berea Sand 1253 t.o 1280 Total deiilh ol well 2200 “IMade about 125 barrels at , lirst.” . IL. L. Patterson Well, No. 1. S(‘ven miles southeast of Chester. Authority, James Murray. Coal (Malioning, “droff” vein) 200 Coal (Lower Freeport “Roger” vein)... 340 Sandstone (Freeport) 370 “Big” Coal (Lower Kittaiiniiig ;•) 450 Salt Sand . . . 5G0 to 610 Big- Injun Sand 844 i i 876 Berea Grit 1183 ( ( 1210 Robert Patterson M^ell No. 1. Near Holidays Cove. Authority, James Murray. Feet. Feet. ( ^ ) a 1 ( B a k e r s to ^v n ? ) 90 “Big” Coal (Tjowei- Freejiort, “Roger” vein) Big Injun Sand 720 to 910 Berea Sand 1240 ( ( 1276 Total depth 1290 “Dry hole.” Tn the region of Smiths Fenry, Ohio, just ojiposite the northern [)()int ol' Ilaiieoek county, where tlie l^ei'ea Sand has l)r'odue(*d oil foi* many y(au‘s, its intcnwal helow tlu' Lower Kit- tanning- ('nal is 750 i‘(*(‘t, and IxOow tlu^ Lerril'cn-ous (Van[)ort) liniestoiK', 700 feet, whihi in Ihitler e.ouidy, Pa., tii(‘ inh'rval t'l'oin th(^ K('i'ri IVi'ons Limestone to the toj) ol* tlie (hud./, or ‘‘Hundred- foot, ” is 050 to 1,000 l*(*et. In tlu^ same county (Butler) the interval fj'oin tlu' Ferril'eroiis Liim*stone to tlie ‘‘(Jas” Sand is 750 to 800 fiH't, and lienee, it ajijx'ars more probable that the ‘‘B(‘r(‘a,” or prodiK'inj^ sand ol* IlaiH'.oek county will prov(^ to he id(mti('.al rather witli the “Las” Sand ot Butler, than with the (hint/ (uppin- division ol* tlu' 1 1 iuiL' Lime ‘Oh-eak” (slate) Hig Injun Sand Total depth • Beatty Heirs’ Well, No. 2. Feet, to 900 1565 1664 1669 1722 Northern etl^e of Tyler, near ILrd Fostoftice. Authority, Caider Oil Company. Feet. Feet . (k)al (Maeksbnrg?) 6 to 638 ('ow Rim Sand . . . 20 i i 1300 Salt Sand . . . 500 i ( 1432 Max ton Sand . .. 10 i i 2020 Rig Lime . . . 70 i ( 2090 Keener Sand ( i 2160 Rig In j nil Sand < i 2205 (Jave at 1050' and 2075'. (Uitkeriue Nultner Well, No. 3. In Elk Fork oil held, Ellsworth district. Authoilty, Cai'te Company. Feet. Feet. (hive 712 (l)w liun Sand 5 to 960 Salt Sand . . . 300 i i 982 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 241 Maxton Sand 15 1604 Big Lime 65 1683 Keener Sand 32 ** 1755 James Eddy Well No. 7. In Elk Fork oil fields Ellsworth district. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave 250 to 830 Cow Run Sand 20 1088 Salt Sand 300 1108 Maxton Sand 15 1725 Cave 7 1780 Keener Sand 28 1855 Total depth 1895 Grove Heirs’ Well, No. 1. McElroy district. Authority, Victor Oil and Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Elk Lick) 700 to 703 Cow Run Sand 905 “ 925 Salt Sand 1100 1250 Big Lime 1720 “ 1800 Big Injun Sand (no “break’’) 1803 “ 1972 Gordon Sand 2537 “ 2548 Since tlie Big Injun Sand comes at about 1,300 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and the Gordon Sand at 2,030 feet lielow the same coal in this region, the vein struck at 700 feet in this well would belong about 200 feet under the Pittsburg coal, and hence be identical with the Elk Lick bed of the Conemaugh series. 8. Woodburn Well, No. 1. Indian creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 530 Cow Run Sand 973 Salt Sand 1115 Big Lime 1740 Big Injun Sand (light gasser) 1836 B. F. White Well, No. 1. Indian creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Cow Run Sand (second) 1040 Salt Sand 1150 Big Lime 1650 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1702'; oil, 1772'-92') 1702 Total depth Feet, to 534 “ 993 “ 1430 “ 1836 “ 1921 Feet, to 1080 “ 1250 “ 1702 “ 1800 1800 242 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (TYLER) Noah Booher Well. Indian creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand (first) . 800 to 830 Second Cow Run Sand ,.1025 i i 1075 Salt Sand ,.1150 i 1350 Big Lime .1622 1 1 1702 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1702 and 1775') . . . .1702 1 < 1869 D. Stonehing Well. Indian creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 850 to 1000 Big Lime .1675 ( { 1720 ‘‘Break” .1753 ( ( 1763 Big Injun Sand .1763 (( 1856 Gas, strong '1725 First pay .1770 (( 1775 Second pay .1782 i ( 1792 Bottom 1856 S. C. Murphy Well, No. 1. One mile north of Booher Postoffice, on Indian creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal, good 470 to 475 Cow Run Sand 970 995 Salt Sand 1264 1464 Maxton Sand 1634 1641 Big Lime 1710 1777 Big Injun Sand 1772 1867 Allen Well. Near Braden Station. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. First Coal (Washington) 35 Second Coal (Waynesburg ^‘A”) 100 Big Injun Sand 1800 to 1915 Fii’st gas, 1830'; second gas, 1905') Samuel McMillan Well, No. 3. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 636 Big Injun Sand 1985 to 2105 Stray Sand 2677 2682 Gordon Sand (oil, 2698') 2682 2701 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 243 Total depth 2716 Samuel McMillan Well, No. 4. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 685 Big Injun Sand 2015 to 2160 Stray Sand 2725 2744 Gordon Sand (oil, 2753") 2745 2764 Total depth 2786 Peter Horner Well, No. 2. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 802 Big Injun Sand 2114 to 2321 Stray Sand 2839 2854 Gordon Sand (oil, 2864') 2859 2871 Total depth 2881 Peter Homier Well, No. 3. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet Feet. Pittsburg Coal 910 Big Injun Sand 2200 to 2400 Stray Sand 2938 Gordon Sand (oil, 2967') 2965 2979 Jacob Underwood Well, No. 4. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 615 Big Injun Sand 1935 Total depth 2130 H. 8. Underwood Well, No. 1. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Com- pany. Feet Feet. Pittsburg Coal 630 Big Injun Sand 1950 to 2125 Stray Sand (smell of oil at 2085') 2670 2687 Gordon Sand (oil, 2090') 2087 2708 244 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (TYLER) Thompson Heirs’ Well, No. 1. McElroy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 665 Big Injun Sand 2015 to 2180 Stray Sand 2734 2751 Gordon Sand (oil, 2751') 2751 2760 Total depth 2782 Thompson Heirs’ Well, No. 3. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. F,eet. Pittsburg Coal 682 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2035') 1985 to 2140 Stray Sand 2680 2720 Gordon Sand (oil, 2725') 2722 '' 2734 Total depth 2745 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 33. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, E. H. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 680 Top of Big Injun Sand 1970 First oil and gas 2045 ^^Pay” to 2055 Bottom 2109 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 39. Tyler county, near Doddridge county line. Authority, E. H. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 743 Big Injun Sand 2033 Top of ‘‘Pay^' 2150 Good Sand ' 2160 Depth of hole 2192 Six and five-eightlis-inch casing 2020 0 .W .0. Hardman Well, No. 47. Near Doddridge county line. Autliority, E. 11. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 666 Big Injun, top 1956 Gas and oil 2058 ‘^Pay^’ Sand to 2068 Depth of hole 2089 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1920 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 245 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 48. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, E. II. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 795 Top Big Injun Sand 2085 Gordon Sand ‘‘Pay’’ 2872 Good Sand 2877 Total depth ' 2889 Ten-inch easing 280 Eight and one-fourth-inch easing 1250 Six and five-eighths-ineh casing 2085 Five and three-sixteenths-inch casing 2300 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 52. Near Doddridge county line. Authoeity, E. H. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1020 Top Big Injun Sand 2320 Gordon Stray Sand 3060 Top Gordon Sand 3080 Top first pay .^087 Good Sand to 3092 Through Sand 3102V2 Ten-inch casing 270 Eight and one-fourth-ineh casing 1520 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 2430 Five and thi-ee-sixteenths-inch casing 2505 R. B. Prickett Well, No. 1. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, E. H. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Feet. Keener Sand 1649 Show of gas and oil 1671 Gas and oil 1680 Water 1690 Top of Big Injun Sand 1691 , Best Sand 1695 to 1705 SaU water 1752 R. B. Prickett Well, No. 4. Near Doddridge county line. Authority, E. II. Jennings & Bros, Feet. Feet. Top of Keener Sand 1660 “Pay’' 1675 to 1680 Bottom of Keener Sand 1683 Slate “break” 5 Big Injun Sand 1688 Bottom of hole 1692 246 OIL AND GAS WELL BEOORDS (TYLER) Casing, 6^/4" 1580 Norman Arnett Well, No. 1. McElroy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 850 Pig Injun Sand (show oil, 2256') 2160 to 2285 Stray Sand 2913 2926 Gordon Sand (oil, 2948') 2941 2952 Total depth 2964 F. M. Baker Heirs’ Well, No. 1. McElroy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 680 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2083') 1970 Total depth 2097 Alpheus Glover Well, No. 1. Western edge of Gordon Sand pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 885 Big Injun Sand 2192 to 2330 Stray Sand (oil, 2445') 2915 2945 Gordon Sand 2950 Bottom of hole 2975 Jas. II. Dawson Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Big Injun Sand 2300 to 2450 Stray Sand 3090 3105 Gordon Sand (oil, 3120') 3120 3129 Total depth 3139 Jas. n. Dawson Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 780 Big Injun Sand (show of oil, 2150') 2070 to 2300 Stray Sand 2795 '' 2810 Gordon Sand (oil, 2822') 2819 '' 2840 Total depth 2846 Jasper Lemasters Well, No. 6. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 941 WEST VIBaiNIA aEOLOQIOAE SUEVET 247 Big Injun Sand 2240 to 2360 Stray Sand 2979 3001 Gordon Sand (gas and oil; 3005') 3003 3015 Total depth 3036 F. M. Lemasters Well, No. 1. Authority, South Pemi Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 685 Big Injun Sand 2010 to 2167 Stray Sand 2715 2731 Gordon Sand (oil, 2735') 2731 2740 Total depth 2753 F. M. Lemasters Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal 647 Big Injun Sand 1965 to 2130 Stray Sand 2690 2702 Gordon Sand (oil, 2709') 2707 2724 Total depth 2728 Mary A. Penick Well No. 5. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 989 Big Injun Sand 2290 to 2460 Stray Sand 3010 3027 Gordon Sand (oil, 3033') 3030 3050 Total depth 3056 Jasper N. Glover Well, No. 2. Western edge of Gordon Sand pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. . Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 753 Big Injun Sand 2058 to 2223 Stray Sand 2768 “ 2793 Gordon Sand (oil, 2799') 2795 '' 2807 Total depth 2818 Elijah Myers Well, No. 6. McElroy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 946 Big Injun Sand (1st ^‘pay,’' 2325'; 2d ‘‘pay,’’ 2332') 2245 Total depth 2368 248 OIL AND GAS WELL llECORDS (TYLER) Mary A. Stealy Well, No. 1. In Middlebourne, Ellsworth district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg?) 175 to 177 Hurry Up’’ Sand (Pittsburg) 315 340 Sand 870 900 Big Lime 1595 1635 Keener Sand (small show gas) 1635 1645 Top Big Injun Sand (oil, 1676 to 1683') . .1675 Total depth 1700 J. F. King Well, No. 1. One mile north of Middlebourne, Ellsworth district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal,*‘‘natiTo” (Washington?) . 190 to 192 Coal (Macksburg?) 382 i 1 384 Hurry Up” Sand (Pittsburg sandstone) 545 n 585 Big Lime 1809 ( ( 1845 Keener Sand 1846 i ( 1874 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1934'; water. 1937'). 1874 Total depth 1945 David Hickman Well, No. 1. One half mile north of Middlebourne, Ellsworth district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Bottom Big Injun Sand 1860 Berea? Sand 2080 to 2095 Lime, shell 2508 Second pay (Gordon Sand-) 2540 Sand 2708 Total depth 2875 William Baker 'Well, No. 1. On Little Sancho creek, near Middlebourne. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal, poor 380 to 38'3 Cave 550 ( ( 760 Cow Run Sand 820 ( 1 835 Salt Sand 920 i < 1340 Maxton Sand 1509 ( ( 1549 Big Lime 1564 a 1612 Keener Sand 1612 ti 1647 Big Injun Sand 1647 n 1775 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 24 y Tliis is a very important record, since it reveals the presence of tlie Pitts4)ur^ coal, althongh quite thin, in a region where it is seldom reported by the drillers, at an interval of 440 feet above the Cow Run Sand, 1,129 feet above the Maxton Sand, 1,184 feet above the Big Lime 1,232 feet above the Keener Sand, 1267 feet above the main solid body of the Big Injun Sand, and 1,405 feet above the base of the same. These figures can be used to great advantage in this region for the correlation of the several coal beds, etc. The ‘‘Salt Sand” of this record evidently includes nearly all of the Allegheny series. J. G. King Well, No. 3. Ellsworth district,. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) . Feet. Feet. Native coal (Washington) 208 to 210 Coal (Macksbnrg?) 395 397 ‘‘Hurry Up” Sand (Pittsburg) 515 “ 540 Big Lime 1807 “ 1877 Keener Sand (“pay,” 1894 to 1906') . . . .1877 “ 1910 Big Injun Sand 1910 Total depth 1919 J. K. Hill Well, No. 2. Elk Pork Pool, near Kidwell Postoffice. Authority, Elk Fork Oil & Oas Company. Feet. Feet. Big Injun Sand 1927 to 1934 First pay 1934 Casing— 10", 115'; 81/4", 1070'; 0%", 1821'. J. K. Hill Well, No. 4. Feet. Big Injun Sand 1954 First “pay” 1957 J. K. Hill Well, No. 11. ^ Feet. Feet. Coal (Bakerstown?) 1100 to 1110 Cow Run Sand 1225 “ 1325 Maxton Sand 1820 “ 1830 Big Lime 1868 “ 1958 “Break” above Big Injun Sand 1958 “ 1998 ‘ ‘ Dry. ’ ' J. T. A. Hawkins Well, No. 9. Elk Pork Pool, near Kidwell Postoffice. Authority, Elk Fork Oil Company. 250 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS TYLER) 1 1! Feet. Feet. Cow Rim Sand 930 to 955 Salt Sand 1200 “ 1375 Big Lime 1667 1727 Big Injun Sand 1727 ^‘Pay’^ 1735 Near Conaway, in tlie region northeast from the “Big Moses” gas well in Tyler county (an account of which has been given in Vol. I, page 358) some other very large gas wells have been found in the Big Injun Sand. One of these on the Catherine Ilaught farm was drilled by the Carnegie Natural Gas Company, the record of which was kindly given by Mr. N. John- ston, Superintendent of that company, as follows : Catharine Ilaught Well, No. 1. Feet. Top of Big Injun Sand *. . . . .1920 Gas at 1998 Total depth 2000 First minute x^ressure 300 pounds. Second minute pressure 435 pounds. Rock pressure 560 pounds. “Stood at six pounds. “Open pressure” in eight-inch casing. Cajiacity, 18,000,000 cubic feet daily.’’ J. G. Mayfield Well, No. 1. Ellsworth district. Authority, Union Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 612 White Lime (Big) 1805 to 1880 White Sand (Big Injun) 1905 Gas at 1963 Israel Folger Well, No. 1. Elk Fork pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Big Injun Sand, top 1918 Oil 1926 M. M. Holmes Well, No. 1. Union district. Authority, Union Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Ten-inch casing 180 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 985 Six and one-fourth-inch casing 1380 Keener Sand (oil and gas, 1675 to 16801 / 2 ') 1675 to 1699 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 251 J. L. Ash Well, No. 1. Oiie-lialf niilo south of Wilbur. Authority, Carter Oil Compnay. Feet. Feet. Coal, poor 50 to 52 Cave red”) 765 980 Cow Rim Sand 980 995 Salt Sand 1200 1245 Salt Sand 1480 1515 Maxton Sand 1610 Big Lime 1765 1852 Big Injnn Sand 1854 1940 Slate 1924 1934 Slate to bottom 1965 1972 The coal near the top of this well may possibly be the Wash- ington bed, since the Pittsburg bed should occur at about 540 feet in the well. Chapman Well, No. 1. Elk Fork pool. Authority, Sun Oil Company. Feet. Coal 242 Coal (Waynesburg ‘‘A”) 361 Coal (Waynesburg) 425 Maxton Sand, gas 1910 Keener Sand 2045 Top of ‘‘pay” (Big Injnn) 2130 Bottom of hole 2150 Bum fill Well, No. 1. Elk Fork pool. Authority, Sun Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg) 265 Big Injun Sand 1735 to 1747 Bumfill Well, No. 2. Elk Fork pool. Authority, Sun Oil Company. Feet. Coal (Macksburg) 240 Top Keener 1700 Bumfill Well, No. 3. Elk Fork pool. Authority, Sun Oil Company. Feet. Ten-inch casing 310 Eight-inch casing 900 Six-inch casing 1710 Coal (Macksburg) ; 310 Keener Sand, top 1770 252 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (TYLER) Top of ‘‘Pay’ ^ Sand 1794 Bumfill Well, No. 4. Kidwell. Elk Fork pool. Authority, Sun Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg) 200 Keener Sand 1C84 to 1701 Total depth 1701 John Seckman Well, No. 2. About two miles southeast of Centerville, McElroy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet, Pittsbnrg Coal 533 to 535 Cow Run Sand 933 “ 985 Salt Sand 1230 “ 1280 Maxton Sand 1750 “ 1770 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1930') 1848 Total depth 1961 ‘ ‘ Fifty-barrel well. ’ ’ n. TF. Ash Well, No. 1. Two miles south of Centerville, Middle Island creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Washington?) 95 to 99 Cow Run Sand 1000 ( ( 1020 Salt Sand 1200 n 1400 Big Lime 1900 ( e 1940 “Break” 1940 n 1970 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2050') 1970 A. L. Corhly Well, No. 1. Near Centerville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . . 950 to 965 Salt Sand ..1050 i ( 1110 Maxton Sand ..1540 iC 1620 Big Lime . .1690 u 1760 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1787'; oil, 1810'). ..1767 1 ( 1832 Leroy IHerpoint Well, No. 2. Centerville district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 815 Big Injun Sand (oil and water, 2198') . . . .2149 to 2202 Leroy Pierpoint Well, No. 1. Centerville district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 253 T’eet. Feet. Pittsbnrgf Coal cSOO Big Injun Sand (oil, 2102') 2138 to 2199 J. W. Miisgrave ell, No. 1. One mile north of IMcKim Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None . Cow Run Sand 1154 to 1174 Salt Sand (water, 1480') 1420 ‘‘ 1810 Maxton Sand 1998 2048 Big Lime 2074 2130 Keener Sand 2138 2170 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2170'; oil, 2190').. 2170 2220 (Two hundred-barrel well.) F. T. McCullough Well, No. 3. One-half mile north of McKim Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg) 543 Cave 920 to 970 Cow Run Sand 1085 1100 Salt Sand 1460 1665 Maxton Sand 1815 '' 1830 Limestone (hard) 1965 2035 Big Injun Sand (oil, 2083') 2035 2083 ‘ ‘ Twenty-barrel well. ’ ’ J. J. Gorrell Well, No. 1. Four miles northeast of Meadville, and one mile northwest of Bert Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal, poor 450 to 453 Cave 465 765 Cow Run Sand 765 800 Salt Sand 1065 '' 1365 Cave, water, 1645' 1635 1655 Big Lime 1660 1731 Big Injun Sand (gas, light, 1793') 1763 1863 F. A. Markle Well, No. 1. Vicinity of Beech Grove. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Washington?) 115 to 117 Cow Run Sand 950 965 Salt Sand 1142 '' 1530 Maxton Sand 1630 1710 254 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOEDS (TYLER) Big Lime 1725 1825 Big Injun Sand 1825 1980 Total depth 2002 J. 0. Smith Well, No. 9. Plum Run Region. Authority, Victor Oil & Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1050 to 1068 Salt Sand 1200 1550 Big Lime 1860 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1962'; oil, 1965') . . .1917 '' 1984 W. W. Joseph Well, No. 1. Plum Run Region. Authority, Devonian Oil Company. Feet. Cow Run Sand 930 Salt-Sand 1100 Big Lime 1650 Big Injun Sand 1750 Little gas, 1800 feet. Bottom of well 1910 J. G. Smith Well, No. 6. Plum Run Region. Authority, Victor Oil & Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand (show of oil) 1077 to 1095 Salt Sand 1260 1610 Big Lime 1872 '' 1973 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2013'; oil, 2020') . . .1973 2023 Ten-inch casing 225 Eight-inch casing 1125 Six and one-fourth-inch casing 1872 Bullman Well, No. 5. Near Wick. Authority, Crawford & Wilson. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1220 Big Lime 1796 “Break’’ 1894 to 1902 Big Injun Sand (oil and gas, 1932') 1902 “ 1932 Felix Flesher Well, No. 3. Near Wick. Authority, Crawford & Wilson. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 955 Salt Sand 1100 Big Lime 1672 Big Injun Sand (gas and oil, 1777') 1757 to 1777 Ten-inch casing 155 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 960 WEST VIllCxINIA GEOLOGICAL SUREVY 255 Six and one-fourtli-inch casing 1445 V. T. Freeland Well, No. 1. Sancho cre«k. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Show Pittsburg Coal 460 Salt Sand 950 to 1153 Big Lime 1595 1731 Break’’ 1731 1741 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1780') 1741 1836 U. T. Freeland Well, No. 2. Sancho creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 920 to 940 Salt Sand 1240 1340 Big Lime 1672 1772 Big Injun Sand 1772 1870 ‘^Dry.” E. C. Freeland Well, No. 2. Sancho creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg?) ,...300 Cow Run Sand .. 900 to 940 Salt Sand ..1100 i { 1200 Big Lime ..1640 ( i 1740 ^ ‘Break” . .1740 ( ( 1750 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1800'; oil, 1810') . ..1750 ( ( 1848 Clark Smith Well, No. 1. Middle Island creek, near Tyler-ldeasants county line. Author- ity, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. First Coal (Pittsburg) 300 to 303 Second Coal 360 ( ( 365 Cow Run Sand 765 (( 795 Salt Sand, broken. Big Lime 1470 ( i 1575 Big Injun Sand 1575 ( 1 1643 A. F. Allen Well, No. 1. Middle Island creek, same location as last. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg?) 133 to 137 Cow Run Sand 800 840 Big Lime and Keener Sands 1490 1566 Break” (slate) 1560 1586 256 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS cTYLER) Big Injun Sand (gas, 1586'; oil, 1606') . . .1586 1630 Hardman & Livingston Well, No. 5. Southwest corner of Tyler, near Hebron Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksbnrg?) 435 to 437 Cow Run Sand 1100 1120 Salt Sand, broken Big Lime 1825 Big Injun Sand (oil and gas in top) 1942 1995 Iri. B. Livingston Well, No. 3. Plum run of McKim creek, near Hebron, southwest corner of Tyler county. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg?) 500 Cow Run Sand 1150 to 1190 Salt Sand 1250 1450 Big Lime 1900 1960 ‘ ‘ Break. Big Injun Sand 1983 2046 B. F. Robinson Well, No. 1. About two miles east of Falls Mills, Middle Island creek. Author- ity, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg) 362 to 365 Cow Run Sand 862 ( ( 872 Salt Sand 1122 1 1 1422 Maxton Sand 1512 it 1562 Big Lime 1690 i ( 1765 ,Big Injun Sand 1800 (( 1910 Total depth 1926 B. F. Robinson Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 700 to 703 Cow Run Sand 1060 ( 1 1075 Salt Sand 1250 1 ( 1550 Maxton Sand 1825 ({ 1845 Big Lime i 1 1910 Big Injun Sand 1937 a 2057 The records of these wells on the B. F. Robinson tract are of very great geologic interest and importance, since they reveal the interval (1,234 feet) between the Pittsburg coal and the main Big Injun oil sand, and also show that the coal found at 362 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 257 feet in the No. 1 W(‘ll, is not the Pittsburg bed (as usally termed by the drillers of the region), but that it belongs appi’oximately . 200 feet above the Pittsburg bed, and is prol)ably identical with the JVIacksburg coal of Ohio, or the Uniontown coal of the Monon- galiela formation. This coal appears to have a wide distribution in Tyler, Ideasants, Doddridge, etc., and may possibly be identi- cal with the coal mined in the vicinity of St. Marys, immediately under a great ledge of sandstone, and which is identical with the Macksburg coal of Ohio. This bed has been referred by the Ohio geologists to the Sewickley horizon of the Monongahela forma- tion, but it may possibly represent the Uniontown coal of the latter series, since its interval (200 feet) above the Pittsburg coal would appear to be too great for the Sewickley seam. Elias Wells Well, No. 1. Two miles south of B. F. Robinson’s and one mile north of Mead- ville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave 600 to 750 Cow Kim Sand 900 ( ( 1000 Salt Sand 1200 i i 1400 Maxton Sand 1590 ( ( 1605 I>ig Lime 1665 ( ( 1718 Keener Sand 171S i ( 1760 Depth 1762 Wells Well, No. 8. 1 / ' Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksburg?) 480 to 484 Cow Kim Sand 1055 i ( 1050 Salt Sand 1240 ( i 1540 Maxton Sand 1680 ( ( 1720 Hig Tihnj^ 1799 i i 1859 Keener Sand 1859 ( i 1889 Dig In jiin Sand . . . . 1889 ( ( 1989 An oil well has r'ecmitly bc'en drilled by the Carhu- Oil Com- pany, two miles so\ith of Wick Postofhc(‘, th« record of which was kept with grc'at care by the drilling crew, and a set of the sani- ph's was kindly presented to the Surwey by Mr. W. II. Asj)inwall of the Carter Oil Company. Tlu^ W(*ll begins in the Permian, and found })etrol(‘um in the “Big«lnjun” Sand, so that it penetrated nearly all of th.e carboniferous system. The record is a very in- 2nH OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS ^ TYLER) teresting and important one, and is here given in full as follows Feet. Feet. Soil and clay 0 to 5 Red rock 5 (( 55 Brown shale 55 ( 1 67 Red rock 67 ( ( 90 Sandstone 90 1 i 150’ Green slate 150 1 1 160 Sandstone, hard 160 ( c 180 Dark gray slate 180 i{ 192 Sandstone 192 ( i 230 Sandstone ( ( Green slate 230 ( ( 234 Red rock 234 ( i 280 Sandstone, hard 280 ( ( 295 Slate 295 1 ( 305 Slate, trace of coal at 315' 305 i ( 325 Sandstone, micaceous 325 ii 410 Red rock 410 i ( 425 Limestone 425 n 450 Slate 450 i c 452 Red rock 452 ( ( 472 Sandstone, gray, coaree 472 (( 502 Black slate, trace of coal at 506' (Union- town?) 502 ( ( 510 White slate 510 1 i 530 Sandstone 530 ( ( 540 White slate 540 ( ( 542 Red rock 542 ( i 557 Slate (10-inch easing, 557 feet) . . ....... 557 ii 597 Limestone 597 1 ( 629 Slate 629 1 1 635 Lime and sand shells 635 1 1 690 Sandstone 690 i ( 700 Slate 700 { ( 710 Limestone 710 1 i 730 Limestone 730 i i 742 Sandstone 742 ( ( 759 Pittsburg Coal? 759 ( { 760 Sandstone 760 ( ( 800 Sandstone 800 i i 806 Lime and sand shells 806 ( i 856 Limestone, sandy 856 ( ( 881 Sandstone 881 ( ( 893 Black slate, trace of coal 893 ( ( 908 Red rock Big Red” 908 i 1 960 Limestone, sandy 960 i 1 990 Coarse sand, steel line 990 i ( 1030 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 259 Bhick slate 1030 104G Limestone, sandy 1040 “ 1052 Red rock 1052 1058 Limestone and limy shales 1058 1140 Limestone 1140 “ 1161 Slate 1161 ‘‘ 1200 Sandstone, hard 1200 1212 Shale 1212 1237 Sandstone 1237 1247 Sandstone 1247 1253 Limestone, hard 1253 “ 1288 ^ ‘ Break, soft 1288 1293 Limestone, hard 1293 ‘‘ 1299 Freeport sandstone (8" casing, 1310') ...1299 1434 Break’’ of black slate, trace of coal at 1464' 1434 1464 Salt Sand, Pottsville, water at 1550' 1464 1666 Black slate 1666 1752 Sandstone 1752 1764 Black slate (6%" casing, 1776') 1764 1776 Black grit, very hard and wore hits 1776 “ 1826 Shells 1826 1836 Maxtor! Sand 1836 1891 Black lime rock 1891 1910 Limestone, ‘‘Big Lime” 1910 “ 1976 “Keener” »and ,.. 1976 “ 2008 Big Injun Sand (Steel line, little gas) . . . .2008 “ 2095 Gas at 2018', oil hy steel line, 2029'. Total depth, steel line 2101 J. L. Poe Well, No. 9. Two miles south of Wick. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Macksbnrg'?) 660 to 663 Cave 900 Cow Run Sand 1224 “ 1254 Depth 1254 Dorsey Baker Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Near Ritchie county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 985 Big Injun Sand 2280 “ 2420 ' Sti-ay Sand 2978 “ 3008 Gordon Sand 3008 “ 3040 First “pay” 3012 Second “pay” 3035 Total depth 3049 2(50 OIL AND GAS V/ELL KECOKDS (TYLER) Catharine Jo')ies Well, No. 1. McKini creek, Meade district. Antliority, South Peuii Oil Coin Feet. Feet. Red rt)ck .... 740 to 820 Slate .... 820 ( 1 860 Red rock . . . . .... 860 ( i 980 Cow Run Sand . .. .1000 ( i 1010 Salt Sand . . . .1380 i c 1500 Slate, soft ....1500 i i 1505 Slate, liurd . . . .1505 ( ( 1600 Keener Sand (oil, 1782') ....1768 ( ( 1792 Slate . . . .1792 i ( 1804 Bii>’ Injun Sand (*poor, no oil or gas) . . . . .1804 ( i 1890 Catharine Jones Well, No. 4. Meade district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Slate .... 16 to 116 Sand / .... 116 i ( 141 Slate .... 141 i ( 191 Red rock .... 191 i i 211 Slate .... 211 i i 236 Lime .... 2.36 ( ( 256 Red rock .... 256 ( ( 306 Sand .... 300 ( ( 356 Slate .... 356 ( i 406 Red rock ... . 406 ( c 481 Lime .... 481 ( i 491 Slate .... 491 ( ( 641 Sand .... 641 ( ( 701 Slate .... 701 ( ( 801 Sand .... 801 i ( 851 Red rock .... 851 i ( 876 Slate .... 876 i i 896 Sand .... 896 ( i 916 Big slate cave .... 916 ( ( 956 White slate .... 956 ( (, 966 Slate .... 966 ( i 1010 Sand ....1016 i ( 1216 Slate .. . .1216 ( ( 1251 Salt Sand . . ..1251 i ( 1401 Slate . . . .1401 ( ( 1451 Sand . . . .1451 i ( 1551 Slate ( i 1571 Sand . . . .1571 ( ( 1617 Sand ....1617 i i 1 667 Sand . . . ' ....1667 i i 1717 i^NVEST VIltGlNlA GEOliOGTOAE SUKVKY 201 Slate 1717 1727 nii>' Lime .1727 1/87 Keener Sainl 1787 1797 Lime 1797 1810 Li.o' Injun Sami (oil, 1828') 1810 1858 l^ilas Henderson Well^ No. 8. Meade district. Autliority, South Penn Oil Company. ^ Feet. Feet. Sand 8 to 48 Lime and slate 48 ‘‘ 548 Red rock 548 848 Cow Run Sand 848 852 Slate 857 872 Sand and slate 872 1220 Slate 1220 1412 Salt Sand 1412 1442 Slate 1442 1502 Cairo Sand (Maxton) 1502 “ 1503 I%Lime 1563 1018 Keener Sand 1(518 1036 Bin' Injnn Sand (gas, 1055'; oil, 1005') .. .1(545 1704 Isaac Hawkins Well, No. 1. TTehron nrgioii. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. * Feet. To]) Sand (Big Injnn) 1800 (las .^. 1800 Salt water 1805 Total de])tl’ 1887 Ten-incli casing 100 Liglit-incli casing 1050 Six and Ove-eiglitlis-incli casing ....1740 Isaac Hawkins Well, No. 2. ]|(d>ron r(‘gioit. Autlioi'ity, B'isher Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Top ot Sand (Big Injnn) 2004 Cas '. 2007 Oil 2078 to 2085 llenihorne Well, No. 2. Hebron ?-egion. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Feet. To|) of Sand (B)ig Injnn) 1890 Oil, 20 barrels p(*r hour, at 1894 t/) 1900 Total depth 1912 ‘2G2 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (TYLER) Barker Well, No. 1. Hebron region. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1010 to 1028 Top of Sand (Big Injun) 1882 Top of pay” 1926 Bottom of pay and hole 1942 J. S. Buck Well, No. 1. Four miles east of Sistersville. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Cave 600 to 900 Salt Sand (water, 1200') 950 1250 Big Lime ,.1553 1629 Keener Sand (gas, 1628' and 1640') 1628 1644 ‘‘Good gas well.” Tom Smith Well, No. 1. Sisteisville region. Authority, Crawford & Wilson. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1000 to 1018 Salt Sand 1400 “ 1500 Big Lime 1800 “ 1900 Big Injun Sand (strong gas, 1940') 1903 “ 1945 Ten-inch casing 200 Eight-inch casing 1130 Six and one-fourth-inch casing 1800 Thistle Well, No. 5. (Gillespie.) Sistersville field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . . . ’. 1025 Salt Sand 1090 Big Lime 1415 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1827' and 1857') . . . .1777 to 1878 Diinfee Well, No. 14. Upper part of Sistersville held. Authority, L. J. Brenneman. Feet. Feet. C'oal (Washington) 150 to 154 Cow Run Sand 900 < < 920 Salt Sand 1120 i ( 1380 Big Lime 1666 ( i 1726 “Break” 1726 1 < 1746 Big Injun Sand 1746 ( ( 1848 Diy. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUltVEY 263 J. Russell Well, No. 34. Upper part of Sistersville fieJd. Authority, L. J. Brenneman. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 885 to 925 Salt Sand .1083 < i 1283 , 1 Big Lime .1587 1 ( 1657 i ‘‘Break’’ .1677 1 ( 1687 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1690' and 1730') . . . .1687 < ( 1790 ; Anschutz Well, No. 1. 1 Sistersville region. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. J Cow Run Sand . 880 Salt Sand .1000 Big Lime .1550 to 1641 j “Break” .1641 ( ( 1653 ; Big Injun Sand .1653 i ( 1728 i First “pay” .1655 ( ( 1667 Second “pav” .1677 i ( 1687 Keener Heirs’ Well, No. 23. Lower part of Sistersville field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand .1000 to 1050 Salt Sand .1150 i i 1300 Big Lime .1700 i i 1740 Keener Sand .1740 i ( 1770 “Break” (slate) .1770 ( i 1785 Big Injun Sand .1787 ( ( 1865 First ‘ ‘ pay ” .1805 ( i 1815 » Second “pay” .1835 ( i 1850 F. R. Wells Well, No. 41. Lower part of Sistersville field. Authority, Carter Oil 1 Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 900 Salt Sand .1000 Big Lime .1650 (?) Break to 1676 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1681' and 1721') . . . .1676 ( ( 1750 Sarak A. Holmes Well, No. 8. Lower part of Sistersville field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. About one mile from Ohio river. Feet. Feet. .1060 to 1080 .1200 “ 1300 Cow Run Sand Salt Sand .... 204 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (TYLER) 1840 1880 1970 Rig' Lime 1760 ‘‘Break” (slate) 1870 “ Big Injun Sand (oil, 1890' and 1920') . . . .1880 “ John A. Davenport Well, No. 4. Lower part of Sistersville field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 810 Salt Sand 1000 Big Lime 1490 Break 1575 Ihg Injun Sand (oil, 1602' and 1632') . . . .1597 to 1704 Russell Welly No. 1. Sistersville region. Authority, Bettman, Watson & Company. i Feet. Sand (Big Injun) at 1755 Oil at 17591 / 2 'and 1776 Bottom of well 1802 Ten-inch casing 275 Seven and five-eighths-inch casing 920 Five and five-eighths-inch casing 1120 Earhi Well, No. 1. Sistersville region. Authority, Bettman, Watson & Company. Feet. Gas at Top of Sand (Big Injnn) Second ‘ ‘ pay ” Finished drilling at ' Rarr Well, No. 1. Sistersville field. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Keener Sand, toj) 1762 to Big Injun Sand 1806 “ Morris Well, No. 2. Sistersville field. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. 1235 1732 1750 1759 Feet. 1780 1842 Feet. Ten-inch casing 233 Phght and one-fourth-inch casing 890 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1380 Keener Sand, top 1618 Bottom of Keener Sand 1()40 Top Injun 1670 Water' 1680 First pay 1700 Second pay 1715 Bottom 1727 WKST VTIUJTNIA OEOLOaiCAL STTKVF.Y 2r,5 Davenport Well, No. 1. Sistoi*svill(‘ fi('l(l. Authority, Fislioi* Oil Omipuny. Feet. First ‘ ‘ ])ay ’ ’ ( th<>' 1 nj iin ) Se('on(l “pay” (thi’- Injun) ir)<)5 Boltoin of well 11550 Davenport Well, No. 5. Sistorsville field. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Fio’ht and one-fonrth-inch casin£>: 74S Six and one-fonrth-ineli casing 1247 First “pay” (Rig Injun)...'. 1582 Bottom of well 1639 Wells Island Well, No. 9. Sistersville field. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Sand 1366 First oil 1376 Second oil 1396 Bottom of well 1432^2 Ten-inch casing 42 Fight and om‘-fonitli-inch casing •. . J70 Six and one-fourtli-inch casing 985 Wells Island Well, No. 10. Sistersville field. Autliority, Fislnu' Oil Company. Feet. Big Injnn Sand 1365 First oil 1380 Bottom of well 1430 Ten-inch casing 50 Fight and one-i'ouii h-incli casing 170 Six and one-fonrth-incli casing 1002 Wells Island Well, No. 11. Si.st(‘rsvill(! held.* Authority, Fislnu* Oil Company. P^eet. Sand (Big Injnn) 136(5 First oil' 1381 Bottom of w(01 1431 Ten-inch casing 50 Fight and one-fonrth-inch casing 1(50 Six and oiu'-fourl h-inch casing 980 Low wat(‘r in th(‘ Ohio idvoi* is about 25 to 30 fe(‘t Ixdow the general lev(4 of Wells Island, and the lO-ineh casing in tln^se records marks the de])th to bed rock. The Jdttsbnrg coal is 200 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOliDS (TYLER) seldom rei)orted in the wells drilled at Sistersville, but the Carter Oil Company reports it from its Mehrley well, No. 10, on the Ohio side of the river, opposite Sistersville, as follows : Mehrley Well, No. 10. ' Feet. Feet. Unre.corcled 175 to 175 Coal (Washington) 3 i ( 178 Unrecorded 407 ( i 585 Coal, Pittsburg 5 1 1 590 Unrecorded 430 1 ( 1020 “Cow Run” Sand 50 ( ( 1070 Unrecorded 55 1 ( 1125 Sand, Freeport 150 ( ( 1275 Unrecorded (contains “Salt Sand”) 365 ( ( 1640 “Big Lime” (Mountain) 97 ( ( 1737 “Big Injun” “break” (“Keener”) Sand 15; Sand (oil 1st “pay,” 1757, , 63) 78 ( ( 1815 This shows an interval of 1,147 feet between the Pittsburg coal and the ‘‘Keener” horizon of the “Big Injun” Sand, or 1,162 feet to what is known as the “Injun” proper in the Sisters- ville region, thus showing a thinning of 71 feet in this interval between the Pittsburg coal and the Big Injun Sand, in the eight miles from Falls Mills (B. F. Robinson Well, No. 2) northwest to Sistersville. W. A. Beagle Well, No. 1. Three and one-half miles east of Long Reach. Feet. Feet. Cave 600 to 760 Cow Run Sand 822 ( ( 852 Salt Sand 1100 i ( 1230 Maxton Sand 1476 i ( 1493 Big Lime 1500 i ( 1565 Big Injun Sand 1505 ( ( 1675 Dr. J . L. Thistle Well, No. 8. About three miles east of Friendly. Authority, Carter Oil Com- Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 410 to 416 Cave 500 Cow Run Sand 875 ( ( 883 Salt Sand 970 i ( 1255 Maxton Sand 1425 ( ( 1435 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 267 Big Lime 1523 < i 1568 Keener Sand 15G8 i i 1620 Jh\ J. L. Thistle Well No. 9. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 505 to 510 Cave 585 CoAv Run Sand 935 Salt Sand 1065 < < 1410 Maxton Sand 1520 ( ( 1532 Big Lime 1600 ( ( 1640 Keener Sand 1644 ( i 1698 Dr. J. L. Thistle Well, No. 10. Feet. Feet. Coal? 580 Cow Run Sand 930 to 948 Salt Sand 1250 < c 1365 Maxton Sand 1455 i i 1540 Big Lime 1600 i i 1673 Keener Sand 1673 i ( 1704 ‘'In Thistle wells Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 no coal noted; other strata about same.” Here we see in these records, the patchy nature of the Pitts- burg coal over a large portion of Tyler county and the region to the southwest from it. For instance, in the first seven wells on Dr. J. ]j. Thistle’s farm the coal was too thin to attract notice, while in Nos. 8 and 9 a fair thickness is reported at 1,134 to 1,152 feet above the top of the “Keener” Sand horizon of the “Big Injun,” as against 1,147 feet for the same interval at Sistersville (Mehrley well, No. 10). The sand called “Cow Run” in these records is not the First Cow Run of Ohio, but the Dunkard Sand of Clreene county. Pa., while the true Second Cow Run Sand of Ohio belongs 150 to 200 feet below the Dunkard Sand or 400 to 500 feet below the First Cow Run Sand (Saltzburg). A. If. Wells Well, No. 1. Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Conductor Feet. Feet. 48 Cow Run Sand 745 to 751 Salt Sand 1000 ( ( 1260 Big Lime 1515 ( ( 1590 OIL ANT) GAS WELL EECOKDS (PLEASANTS) 1645 1743 1743 Kecnor Sand 1590 Injiin Sand 1()45 Total depth A. lleinzman Well, No. 1. Jjiiieoiii district, hetweeii Parsley and Kidwell. Authority, Car- ter Oil Company. Eeet. Eeet. Ihttsbui'g Coal 470 Cave 700 Cow Bun Sand 9G0 to 980 Salt Sand 1016 ( ( 151i) Max ton Sand 1530 ( ( 1550 Big Lime ( 1 1647 Big Injun Sand 1669 i 1 1747 The lleinzman well is located about half-way between Mid- dlebourne and Sistersville, and reveals an interval of 1,199 feet between the Ihttsburg coal and the Big Injun Sand, as against 1,162 feet for this same interval in the Mehrley well. No. 10, at Sistersville, and 1,267 f(‘et in the Win. Baker well. No. 1, near Middlebourne, and 1,300 feet at the eastern line of Tyler, thus revealing a total decrease in this interval of 138 feet in passing fi'om Alvy N. 60° W., 17y2 miles to Sistersville, or say 8^3 ^oet to the mile. PLEMSANIN COUNTY WELL RECORDS. This county was the first in the State to prodace very large flowing wells from the dec'per saads (Berea), since the gusher wells at Eureka and Belmont wei-e drilled in 1889 and 1890, while the dee]) sand oils were not developed in other portions (Mannington) of the State until 1891. 4316 earliest })roduction of oil in Iheasants county was in the ’60 ’s soon after tlu' discovery of oil at Burning Springs in Wirt county, since the great Eureka, -Volcano-lhirning Springs anti- clinal aloag which the first, or ''Shallow Sand,” oil was de- velojxMl ])asses directly across l^leasants, and thus brings the Cow Bun, Big Injun and otlan* sands m'ar enongh to the surface to be ('asily ta])])('d by the ])rimitiv(' methods of the early oil o])ei‘ators. The production from the Bei'ea Sand, although quite large at one time in 1890, did not hold u]) long, since the pool was WEST VlJiCilMA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 2r,o smnll, cuul did iu)t extend but a short distaiiee away troni the rej^ioii of tli(‘ rock distiirb^uiee caused by the anticlinal U[)lift referred to abovt'. The “shallow” sands, liowever, principally tbe two Cow Run Sands, luive been found productive over (piite a large area of the county, while the Maxton, “Keener,” Big Injun proper, and possibl;y some members of the Salt Sand have all produ.ced more or less oil and gas v/ithiii the county’s limits, so that, although not large in area, Pleasants has produced a large quantity of oil, and will still continue so to do for many years in the future. 'The follovdng record is from a well near the northeastern border of the county, close to the Tyler county line. It was received from the* late Prof. Jolin F. Card, and reads as follows: Jim Wells Well No. 1. Near Bens Run Station, (In ioir district. Feet. Feet. Water at (50 ('"oal (Rewickley) at 120 'CoAv Rim Rand . 702 to 782 Slate . 7S2 ( i 792 Sandstone . 792 i ( 800 Slate . 800 i i . 815 Lime . 815 i i 900 Slate . 900 ( i 995 Sandstone, white . 995 i 1 1005 Slate, 1)1 ack (gas) .1005 i i 1050 Slate, white .1050 i i 10(58 Slate, black .1008 i i 1150 Slate and sandstone .1150 C ( 11(50 Sandstone, clear, oil, black .1100 ( i 118(5 Slate and shells .118(5 1 i 1243 Sand (Maxton) good, (oil, 124T) .1245 i ( 12(54 Slate .12(54 ( ( 128(5 Sandstone and lime (I'ig) .128(5 ( ( 1347 Sand, Keener .1347 iU 1412 ^^BrealP’ (slate) .1412 i ( 143(5 Sandstone, close and liai'd j 14' 1 Slate, })reak 10' liig Tnjiin. .143(5 i ( 1525 (?) 10' 1 Sandstone, white 55' J Slate, white, lo bottom .1525 1 ( 1005 270 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (PLEASANTS) The coal bed noted in this record at 120 feet is most probably a representative of the Sewickley bed, since it comes 1,227 feet above the Keener Sand, 80 feet more than that shown for this interval at Sistersville, 14 miles to the northeast, hence the horizon of the Pittsburg coal would come at about 200 feet in this well. It is needless to say that the stratum called ‘‘Cow Run ’ ’ S-and by the driller is not either the first or second of these oil horizons since the first Cow Run Sand comes about 300 feet below the Pittsburg coal, while the second Cow Run Sand, on Cow run, in Ohio, conies 400 feet lower, or about 700 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and thus makes it most probably in the Lower Freeport sandstone horizon of the Allegheny formation. In Bulletin No. 1 of the Geological Survey of Ohio, published in 1903 by Prof. J. A. Bownocker, a record of Centennial well, No. 6, of the Exchange Oil Company, by Mr. George Lehmer, is given on pages 1G8 and 169, which will prove useful in showing the relationshl[)s of both the First and Sec.ond Cow Run Sands to other well-known beds at the original locality on Cow run, Wash- ington county, Ohio. Centennial Well, No. 6. Cow run. Thickness of Total stratum. r depth, V ■ . . Feet. Feet. Conductor . 11 to 11 Pittsburg (Pomeroy) Coal 1 i i 12 Calcareous shale 9 ( ( 21 Lime 10 ii 31 Red soapstone 5 i { 36 Red shale 8 ( ( 44 White shale 42 ( ( 86 Lime 10 ( ( 96 Mixed shale 5 ( ( 101 Shale and water 19 ( ( 120 Red shale 10 i i 130 Sand 5 ( i 135 White shale 20 1 1 155 Red shale 90 ( i 177 White shale 23 i ( 200 Sand 3 i i 203 Red rock 32 t ( 235 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 271 Sand 11 “ 24G White slate 40 286 Sand 4 290 Sand 4 294 Coal, smut rock 1 “ 295 White slate 4 299 Lime 8 “ 307 Gray shale 2 “ 309 Lime (5) 9 314 Fire clay 4 318 Lime 7 325 First Cow Run Sand 47 ‘ ^ 372 Red rock 23 395 White shale 46 441 Dark shale 50 ‘‘ 491 Sand 10 501 White shale 14 515 Pale red shale, very hard 64 579 Lime 5 584 Sand 10 594 Black shale 16 “ 610 White shale 30 640 Sand 10 650 Coal ' 1 651 Sand 39 ‘‘ 690 Dark shale 5 695 Sand, gas 7 “ 702 White shale 11 “ 713 Coal, smut rock 1 ‘‘ 714 Fire clay 20 734 Sand .r 2 ‘‘ 736 Sandy shale 6 742 Black shale 4 “ 746 Slate, black 30 776 Second Cow Run Sand 64 ‘ ‘ 840 Black slate 3 ‘‘ 843 Black slate 97 ‘ ‘ ' 940 Sand 83 1023 Dark shale 57 1080 Sand 12 ‘‘ 1092 Black shale 53 1145 Salt Sand (no water) 9 “ 1154 Light shale 6 1160 Black aiiale 23 1183 Big Injun Sand 2 ‘‘ 1185 Dark shale 39 1224 Sand -2 1226 Dark shale 7 1233 272 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (PLEASANTS) Sand 7 < i 1240 Sandy shale, hard 00 i i 1262 Dark shale, hard 63 C i 1325 Dark shale, softer 20 i i 1345 Dark shale 20 ( ( 1365 Dark shale, hard 10 u 1375 This reeoi'd shows that the true First Cow Run Sand comes 8RJ feet lielow the Idttsluir^ coal, and its bottom extends to :hi() feet below that welhknown horizon, thus making it the e(iuiv- alent of the Saltsburg sandstone of the Conemaugh series, entirely above the IMahoning sandstones, with which it has so frequently been confused, since the Dunkard Sand, which is so frequently teianed ‘‘Cow Run” by the drillers in West Virginia, is a member of the ^Rdioning series, and its top underlies the Pittsburg coal about 425 feet at the original locality, on Dunkard creek, Greene county, Iki., its thickness being 50 to 60 feet. The Second Cow Run Sand lies 406 feet below the First Cow Run, and is there- fore either the Lower Freeport sandstone, or else the top member (Homewood) of the Ikdtsville formation. Luther Brown Well, No. 1. Two miles east of south from Bens run. Union district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Conq)any. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1220 to 1340 Big Lime 1700 “ 1766 Keener Sand 1766 1791 Slate 1791 1811 Big Injun Sand, hard (oil, 1812-16') . . . . .1811 1905 Squaw Sand 1912 1935 Total depth 1940 ^^Three-bai-rel well.” Mercer-Bool Well, No. 1. Near Lytton Postoffice, Union district. Authoiuty, South Pcmn Oil Comi)any. Feet. Feet. (hw Run Sand (coal, 790') 784 to 794 Salt Sand 1080 ” IBM) Maxtou Sand 1498 ‘‘ 1516 Big Lime 1575 “ 1635 Keener Sand (gas, 1640') 1635 167(t Big Injun Sand, veiy hard and broken. . .1690 ‘‘ 1770 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 273 J. L. Pool Well, No. 2. Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 876 to 905 Salt Sand 1180 ‘‘ 1255 Maxton Sand (oil and gas show, 1624') . . .1588 ‘‘ 1667 Big Lime 1667 1678 Keener Sand (gas, 1710') 1698 “ 1755 Big Injun Sand (show oil, 1804') 1774 1866 Total depth 1871 M. J. Beagle Well, No. 1. Two miles south of east of Bens run. Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand 1150 1450 Maxton Sand 1600 1635 Show oil 1696 Big Lime 4715 1730 Keener Sand 1730 ‘‘ 1765 Big Injun Sand, little oil and gas at 1779'. 1779 1840 Squaw Sand 1840 ‘‘ 1900 Iluhhard (piirehase) Well, No. 16. Three miles east of Bens run. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave (bad) 685 to 885 Cow Run Sand (oil and gas at 901') 895 ‘‘ 919 About twenty-barrel well.’’ C. B. Barker Well, No. 1. On IMiddle Island creek. Owners, Philadelphia Company. Author- ity, Prof. John F. Card. Feet. Feet. Clay 10 to 10 Sandstone 20 30 Gravel 20 “ 50 Sandstone and lime 30 80 Red sandstone 15 “ 95 Lime, white, hard (water) 20 “ 115 Red lime 10 “ 125 Ijime, white, hai-d 5 ‘‘ 130 Slate, white and soft 10 140 Sandstone, dark and hard 15 “ 155 Slate, white, soft 5 “ 160 Lime, white, soft 4 “ 164 Coal (Pittsburg) 1 1(55 Slate, white and soft 10 “ 175 274 OIL AHD QA8 WELL KECORDS (RLEASAKTS) Red shale 10 185 Slate, white 20 205 Sandstone, dark, close 40 245 Red shale, soft 20 265 Lime * 10 “ 275 Red shale 10 285 Lome, white 5 290 Red shale 70 360 Slate, white 20 '' 380 Red shale 20 .400 Lime, white 20 420 Red cave 45 465 Unrecorded 25 490 Lime, white 20 510 Coal (Bakerstown) 5 515 Slate, white 3§ 545 Lime, white 15 560 Slate, white, eaves 40 600 Sandstone, dark, close, (Dunkard) 20 620 Sandstone and lime, hard and soft 10 630 Slate, dark and soft 40 670 Slate, white 30 ** 700 Slate, white, soft 80 780 Sandstone, white, close, (Second Cow Run) 70 ** 850 Slate, black, soft 60 ‘‘ 910 Sandstone, white (Salt Sand) 90 1000 Slate, black, soft 80 1080 Sandstone, white, (Salt Sand) 45 1125 Slate, black, soft 25 ** 1150 Sandstone white lO' ^ Slate 25' V Maxton..55 1205 Sandstone, white and soft.. 20') Slate, black and soft 65 1270 Lime, white and hard, (Big Lime) 70 1340 Sandstone, white, (little gas) (Keener).. 5 1345 Lime, dark and hard 10 1355 Lime, white 20 1375 Sandstone, hard and soft 30 1405 Slate, white and soft 16 1421 Sandstone, white. Big Injun, (oil and water at 1440') 179 1600 Slate and shell, white 50 1650 Sandstone and slate 50 1700 Slate, white 175 1875 Slate, black and soft, 57 1932 The one foot of coal struck at 164 feet appears to belong at the horizon of the Pittsburg bed, since it comes 1,175 feet above WEST VIliGINIA GEOIX)GICAL SURVEY 275 the top of the Keener Sand, and 1,257 feet above the top of the main body of the Big Injun Sand. Thomas 11. Whaley Well, No. 1. Near ]\Iaxwell Postoflfice, Eastern Pleasants. Authority, Soutli Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1210 to 1216 Salt Sand 1560 ( { 1775 Maxton Sand 1790 ( ( 1820 Big Lime 1850 ( ( 1929 Keener Sand 1929 ( ( 1941 Break (slate) 1941 Big Injun Sand (gas 1965') 1941 ( i 2020 Feet. 715 731 1395 1527 1577 1632 1769 W. J. Shmgleton Well, No. 1. One mile east of Maxwell Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Cave 315 Cow Run Sand (poor) 7l5 Salt Sand 1100 Maxton Sand, hard 1487 Cave None Big Lime 1547 Keener Sand (oil and gas) 1577 Big Injun Sand (broken), (black scum at 1663') 1631 Total depth 1779 “Five to ten barrel well.’^ Shingleton Well, No. 11. Near Hebron. Authority, Bettman & Watson Company. Top of cave Cow Run Sand 1080 Salt Sand 1300 Big Lime, top 1870 Break (Slate) Keener Sand 1950 Hard, fine, dark sand (salt water at 1970') 1965 Big Injun Sand, top 1998 Show of oil and gas 2002 Salt water 2007 Slate Ada Weekley Well, No. Lafayette district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. { ( 1090 1 1 1500 i ( 1946 (( 1950 ')1965 ( ( 2025 .2002 n 2012 2. 27(5 OIL AND GAS WELL LECORDS (PLEASANTS) FcgI. Feet. Salt Sand (gas 1930') 1680 to 1948 Maxton Sand. . . .\ 1948 1969 Big Lime 1969 * 2036 Big Injnn Sand 2036 2181 A. IF. Gorrell Well, lA. 2. Lafayette district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand , . . .1166 to 1200 Maxton Sand ....1673 1703 Big Lime ....1721 i c 1762 Keener Sand . , ....1792 ( ( 1810 ‘^BrealC’ (slate) ....1810 { i 1816 Big Injnn Sand ....1816 ( ( 1905 Berea (shells) ....2273 i ( 2288 Red rock ....2434 e ( 2446 Gordon Sand (shells) . . . ,...2553 ( c 2568 Fifth Sand Total depth ,...2656 ....2750 ( ( 2668 This is a very interesting record, since in it are found some traces of the Venango Oil Sand Group, notably the red beds at 2,434 feet which belong just under the ‘"Fifty-foot” Sand; also, the Gordon and Fifth Sands appear to be indicated by ‘ ‘ Shells, ’ ’ or hard, fine, sandy beds, at 2,553 and 2,656 respectively. If we put the interval of the Pittsburg coal above the Keener Sand at say 1,200 feet, the horizon of that coal would be found at about 600 feet in the above record, or 1,673 feet above the “Berea” Sand, 1,834 feet above the red beds, 1,953 feet above the Gordon Sand, and 2,056 feet above the Fifth Sand, all of which measure- ments agree with the westward thinning of the beds. On Broad run, about two and a half miles east from St. Marys, many wells have been found in what the drillers term the “Cow Bun” Sand, at depths varying with the surface from 600 feet up to 1,000 or more. The wells are generally cased with 814-inch casing to a depth of 460 to 475 feet above the Sand, and then with 614-inch casing down to the top of the Cow Run Sand, so that the horizon is doubtless identical with that of the Dun- kard, although no detailed records are obtainable for study, the casing records being the only data available which would throw any light upon the matter. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 277 Severnl wells have been drilled on the land of Eliza DeLon^ by Bartlett & Standclilfe, and their records reveal the following data : Eliza DeLong Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand (oil 617-G30') 610 to 631 Total depth 649 Etiza DeLong Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 762 to 783 Total depth 795 Eight and one-fourth inch casing 335 Six and one-fourtli inch casing 735 Eliza DeLong Well, No. 3. Foot Feet Cow Run Sand 800 to 815 Total depth ^ 823 Eight and one-fourth inch casing 325 Six Olid one-fourth-incli casing 800 Eliza DeLong Well, No. 4. Tt'ppf • IT’ppf Cow Run Sand 926 to 941 Total depth 945 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 455 Six and one-fourth inch casing. 915 Eliza DeLong Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 944 to 962 Total depth 996 Eight and one-fourth inch casing 475 Six and one-fourth inch casing 935 Another record of a Cow Run Sami well is given by Bett- man, Watson & Company, from the Bucy farm, near Belmont, as follows : Bucy Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand, top 545 Show of oil 548 to 550 Slate, break 560 565 Sand, coarse and soft 565 583 Bottom of Cow Run Sand 583 Bottom of well 587 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 271 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 515 278 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (PLEASANTS) Sharp Well, No. 1. One mile and a half east from Waverly. Authority, F. D. T. Beckley, Superintendent of the Calf Creek Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 0 to 618 Cow Rim Sand 12 ** 630 Unrecorded 510 1140 Salt Sand (water 1180-1220') 100 1240 Slate 40 1280 Sand (Maxton) 20 '' 1300 Big Lime 40 '' 1340 Mixed shale, merging into black slate. ... 73 1413 Big Injim Sand (gas 1413', oil 1423' and 1428') 25 1438 P. Triplett Well, No. 1. Grant district. Authority, Union Oil Company. Feet. Big Injun Sand 1461 Show of oil 1480 Water 1481 Eight and one-fourth inch casing 788 Six and one-fourth inch casing 1325 A. Ruckman Well, No. 1. Grant district. Authority, Union Oil Company. Feet. Eight and one-fourth inch casing 600 Six and one-fourth-inch casing 1530 Gas 1858 Oil 1858 Bottom 2000 J. R. Bill Wells. Jefferson district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. No. 1. No. 2 No. 3. Feet Feet Feet Cow Run Sand 560-576 621-636 622-623 8. W. Pratt Well, No. S. Jeft'erson district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 650 to 667 Salt Sand (oil show) 1065 1080 Maxton Sand (gas at 1231') 1330 1345 Keener Sand (oil and gas 1460') 1459 1465 Big Injun Sand to bottom 1465 1470 The following data concerning the Cow Run Sand in several WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 279 portions of Pleasants county are from C. D. Bole, M. L. Zahneizer and others. Copenhaver Well. Iron Bridge, Middle Island creek. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 587 to 614 Bell Farm Well, No. 27. Bens run. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 905 to 947 Wagner Well, No. 3. On Sugar creek, three to four miles from mouth. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 651 to 686 Jones Farm Well. Right fork of French creek. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . . 692 to 708 G. G. Roby Well, No. 9. Six miles east of St. Marys. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . 806 ■to 826 J. H. & n. P. Lock Farm. Middle Island creek, seven miles from mouth. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 509 to 630 McCuen Well. Three miles east of Raven Rock. Feet. Black shale, 5 to 10 feet thick . 750 Top Cow Run Sand Dotson Farm Well, No. 1. On Long run of French creek, two miles south of St Marys. Feet. Black shale at 403 Cow Run Sand 468 Dotson Farm Well, No. 2. Feet. Cow Run Sand 480 ‘‘Black shale with coal found all through Washington district, 400 feet below the river.” 280 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOllDS (PLEASANTS; As already stated, the great Burning Springs- Volcano anti- clinal passes through Pleasants county, crossing the Ohio river near Eureka, where it brings up the Berea Sand to only about 1,100 to 1,200 feet below river level, on its crest, the Ames lime- stone getting above water level. The Berea Grit proved quite productive along this arch, but the pool was soon exhausted. A well drilled on Brothers Island gave the following record, according to Mr. W. C. Brockunier, of Wheeling, its owner: Brothers Island Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Drive pipe (through clay and gravel) .... 80 to 80 Unrecorded 120 “ 200 Sand, heavy oil, (1st Cow Run) Unrecorded 215 “ 415 Sand, oil show with water 25 ‘‘ 440 Unrecorded 100 ‘‘ 540 Second Cow Run Sand GO “ 600 Unrecorded 40 ‘‘ G40 Salt Water Sand (“Salt Sand” and “Big Injun”) 330 970 Shales, with 40 feet of black slate at bot- tom 378 1348 Berea Grit, oil. This shows about 40 feet of filling in the river .channel here, below the bed of the same. The sand at 200 feet is supposed to be the Fiist Coiv Run, and that at 540 feet the Second one. Another well, on the Cook farm up French creek, one mile back from the river, gives more detail, and starts on the hill. It is as follows, according to Mr. Brockunier: Cook.Farm Well, on French Creek, Near Eureka. Feet. Feet. UnrecK)rded (cased 7%-inch at 305 feet.) . 390 to 390 First Cow Run Sand 50 < i 440 Dark Shales 160 (( 600 Sand 48 ii 648 Shales 52 i ( 700 Sand • 50 (( 750 Shale, black 95 ( 1 845 “Salt Sand” (“Salt sand proper and “Big Injun,” oil 945 ft., oil and gas 1090 ft., with big pebbles, salt water at 1125 ft.) 375 Cl 1220 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 281 Slates aiul shales, oil show at 1415 347 1507 Berea Sand 4 ‘‘ 1571 Unrecorded to bottom 31 “ 1002 'The Berea Sand varied from 0 to 35 feet in thickness in this region, and some of the wells flowed 20 to 30 barrels an hour. The field was of limited area, owing to the rapid dip on each side of the great arch, and the available territory was soon drilled over. The sand at 390 feet is called the First Cow Run by the drillers, and is the same as that struck at 200 feet in the Brothers Island well, while that at 700 feet is supposed to be the Second Cow Run Sand. DODDRIDGE COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Doddridge county lies southeast from Pleasants and Tyler, its northwestern boundary abutting against the latter. It therefore occupies a central position in the great Appalachian trough, and hence has proven very prolific in both gas and oil through the whole column of oil sands from the First Cow Run down to the Fifth, or McDonald Sand, 2,300 feet below the Pittsburg coal. The oil history of Doddridge county began with the drilling of a well on the Sullivan Heirs’ farm by the South Penn Oil Com- pany, early in 1892, which secui*ed a fairly good well in the Big Injun Sand at a depth of 1910 feet. The success of this first test well in Doddridge soon led to the drilling of others, so that its oil and gas i)roduction increased rapidly thereafter, and has now spread to every portion of the county, so that while many dry holes have been drilled, it is i)ossible to find either oil or gas in valuable quantities in every portion of its area. The following well records from the different regions will illustrate the underground succession in Doddridge : Samuel Collins Well, No. 3. One mile west of Centerpoint, McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Native coal (Uniontown D 168 to 171 Pittsburg Coal 448 454 Dunkard Sand 1020 “ 1135 282 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (DODDRIDGE) Gas Sand 1150 1180 Salt Sand 1320 1470 Little Lime 1710 ‘‘ 1730 Pencil cave 1730 1745 Big Lime 1745 1804 Big Injiin Sand 1804 1950 Gas, 1890'-1895'; gas and oil 1902 It is possible that the coal identified by the drillers in the Centerpoint region as the Pittsburg may be the Sewickley, or Mapletown, and in that event the “Native” coal of the record would be the Waynesburg, instead of the Uniontown. A. Glasspell Well, No. 1. McClellan district. Authority, Carnegie Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 210 to 210 Native coal (Washington) 210 Unrecorded 500 “ 710 Pittsburg Coal 710 Unrecorded 410 “ 1120 Little Dunkard Sand 35 “ 1155 Unrecorded 45 “ 1200 Big Dunkard Sand 35 1235 Unrecorded 165 “ 1400 “Gas” Sand 80 “ 1480 Unrecorded 220 “ 1700 Salt Sand 40 “ 1740 Unrecorded 160 1900 Little Lime 10 “ 1910 Unrecorded 15 “ 1925 Big Lime 75 “ 2000 Big Injun Sand 100 “ 2100 Unrecorded 375 “ 2475 ‘‘Thirty-Foot Sand (Berea) 10 “ 2485 Unrecorded 224 “ 2709 Sand 15 “ 2724 Unrecorded 24 “ 2748 Gordon Stray 25 “ 2773 Gordon Sand (top) 2773 “First Gas at 277U; Second gas at 2778'; Third gas at 2800' — so strong that drilling had to be suspended.’^ IL J. Skahan Well, No. 1. Near Cascara, three to four miles south from Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. ( ( Pittsburg Coal Feet. . 650 Feet. 660 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 283 Cave 790 990 Cow Run Sand 990 “ 1000 Salt 'Sand 1400 1430 IMaxton Sand? 1720 1755 Bii? Lime 1900 1950 Big Injun Sand (gas 1950^ & I960'; oil 2063') 1950 2063 Gantz Sand 2572 2592 Gordon Stray 2644 “ 2679 Gordon Sand (gas, 2730-45') 2730 2750 Total depth 2760 The sand identified by the driller as the Maxton in the above record is probably only the bottom portion of the Pottsville or Salt Sand. E. Stringer Boggess Well, No. 1. One mile west from Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg? Coal (Sewickley) 455 to 460 Cow Run Sand 1025 1040 Salt Sand 1100 '' 1300 Big Lime 1745 1820 Big Injun Sand (gas 1820') 1820 '' 1920 Gordon Sand (shells) 2600 Total depth 2800 George Frum Well, No. 1 (T. O. Frum). Near Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 964 to 975 Cave 1200 1295 Cow Run Sand 1397 1472 Salt Sand 1841 “ 1960 Big Lime 2197 '' 2247 Big Injun Sand 2247 2338 Berea Grit 2718 2736 Sand 2940 2960 Gordon Stray 3009 3046 Gordon Sand (oil 3076') 3063 3080 Total depth (no 5th Sand) 3295 Eliza J. Webh Heirs’ Well, No. 1 (John J. Wehh). Near Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. ' Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 725 to 737 Cave 1000 ‘‘ 1280 Cow Run Sand 1280 1310 Salt Sand 1500 1675 284 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (DODDKIDGE) Maxton Sand .1835 < ( 1894 Big Lime .1970 K 2035 P)ig Injun Sand .2035 ( 1 2128 Gordon Sti-ay .2701 ( ( 2723 Gordon Sand .2752 ( ( 2792 Total depth 2823 Eliza J. Wehh, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 970 to 980 Cave .1290 1 ( 1490 Cow Run Sand .1500 (( 1550 Salt Sand .1820 C ( 1896 Maxton Sand .2050 i i 2090 Big Lime .2208 ii 2298 Big Injun Sand .2310 ( ( 2380 Stray Sand (oil, 3025') .2990 ( { 3030 Gordon Sand .3047 { ( 3069 Total depth 3075 Wm. A. Chess Well, No. 2. One-t*oiirtli mile west from Doddridge-Harrison county line and four miles south of Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Pittsburg- Coal Cow Run Sand Salt Sand Maxton Sand Big Lime Big Injun Sand Stray Sand (oil, 30S2') Gordon Sand Total depth Feet. Feet. ,1017 to 1022 .1533 i ( 1605 .1885 ( ( 2010 .2140 ( 1 2165 .2290 ( { 2340 .2340 i ( 2452 .3080 ( ( 3094 .3097 1 ( 3107 3139 1. N. Uiffee Well, No. 2. Two and one-fourth miles south 10° east from Sedalia. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . .. 840 to 847 Cave . .. 975 ( ( 1355 Cow Run Sand ...1357 ( 1 1362 Salt Sand . . .1680 ( ( 1750 Big Lime ...2080 ( ( 2143 Big Injun Sand . . .2143 ( ( 2248 Stray Sand . . .2838 ( ( 2850 Gordon Sand (gas, 2858'; oil, 2802') . . ...2855 i ( 2883 Fifth Sand ...3026 i 1 3029 WEST VlllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 285 In tlie I. N. RifTee wells, Nos. 1, 3 and 4, the Pittsburg coal is reported as 10 feet, 6 feet and 10 feet thick, at depths of 775 feet, 1,070 feet and 1,106 feet respectively. Silas Lang fit Well, No. 3. McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 695 Big Injun Sand 2028 Fii’st ^^pay” (no good) 2105 Second “pay” (good) 2135 Total depth 2158 Jacob Underwood Well, No. 9. Near Tyler county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 925 Dnnkard Sand (oil) 1396 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2266'; oil, black, 2294') 2258 to 2399 “Oil show” 2365 Jamison Hutson Well, No. 7. McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal 775 to 781 Dnnkard Sand 1290 i 1 1320 Salt Sand 1700 i 1 1790 Pencil cave 1985 i i 1990 I>ig Lime 1990 1 ( 2080 Big Injun Sand 2080 ( i 2200 Fifty-foot Sand 2710 ( { 2750 Sand (Stray) 2793 ( ( 2823 Slate 2823 ( t 2858 Sand (Gordon) 2858 1 i 2872 Slate and shells 2872 c l 3206 Viola Hare Well, No. 1. McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 765 Little Dnnkard Sand 1189 to 1220 Big Dnnkaid Sand 1310 < 1 1350 Salt Sand 1660 1 i 17(50 Little Lime 1934 ( ( 1964 Big Lime 1990 ( i 2062 Big Injun Sand 2062 i { 2190 Fifty-foot Sand 2640 ( ( 2663 “Bowlder” Sand 2706 ( c 2740 286 OIL AND GAS WELL IIEOOKDS (DODDRIDGE) Stray Sand 2786 ‘‘ 2828 Gordon Sand 2850 “ 2860 Total depth 2901 A. F. M. Lyons Well, No. 1. IMcClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Peet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 685 Big Dimkard Sand 1200 to 1250 Gas Sand 1300 1320 Salt Sand 1550 1610 Sand ; 1780 1835 Alaxton Sand 1860 1875 Big Lime 1960 2000 Big Injun Sand 2000 2100 Stray (ga-s, 2710') 2697 2733 Gordon Sand (oil, 2763') 2763 2783 Total depth 2791 C. V. Lyons Well, No. 1. McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 807 to 815 Dunkard Sand 1345 1400 Salt Sand 1700 ‘‘ 1800 Big Lime 2050 2100 Big Injun Sand 2110 2210 Stray Sand (gas, 2854'; oil, 2860') 2834 2866 Gordon Sand 2887 2908 Total depth 2910 S. Stark Well, No. 6. McClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 980 Little Dunkard Sand 1425 to 1460 Big Dunkard Sand 1535 “ 1590 Gas Sand (Second Cow Run) 1815 1890 Salt Sand 1975 2010 Maxton Sand 2060 “ 2100 Little Lime 2170 2220 Big Lime 2230 2285 Big Injun Sand 2285 2400 Fifty-foot Sand 2850 ‘‘ 2875 Stray Sand (gas, 2998' and 3014') 2996 ‘‘ 3043 Gordon Sand (oil, 3072') 3067 3087 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2K7 E. E. Smith Well, No. 1. IMcClellan district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 725 to 735 Dunkard Sand 1235 1335 Salt Sand 1650 1700 Big Lime 1960 “ 2035 Big Injun Sand 2035 2135 Fiftv-foot Sand 2600 ‘‘ 2605 Sand (‘‘Thirty-foot^’) 2680 “ 2715 Sand (Stray) oil, 2774' 2737 “ 2781 Slate 2781 “ 2802 Sand (Gordon) oil, 2806' 2802 “ 2806 F. J. Bartlett Well, No. 1. McClellan district, near Cascara. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1022 Little Dunkard Sand 1430 Big Dunkard Sand 1550 to 1615 Salt Sand 2005 “ 2046 Maxton Sand 2081 “ 2150 Big Lime 2250 “ 2320 Big Injun Sand 2340 “ 2440 Fifty-foot Sand 2875 “ 2900 “Bowlder” Sand 2975 “ 3000 Stray Sand (oil and gas 3052') 3017 “ 3062 Gordon Sand 3072 “ 3086 Joseph Gaskins Well, No. 1. One mile and a half southwest of Alpha Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 699 to 702 Cave (bad) 900 “ 1200 Cow Run Sand 1224 “ 1236 Salt Sand 1610 “ 1660 Salt Sand 1698 “ 1754 Maxton Sand 1765 “ 1860 Big Lime 1978 “ 2040 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2075') 2040 “ 2140 Berea (poor) 2372 “ 2440 Gordon Stray 2752 “ 2758 Gordon Sand (gas, 2769') 2765 “ 2771 Total depth 2795 (Gas well.) 288 OIL AND GAB WELL RECORDS (DODDRIDGE) M. y. Underwood Well, No. 1 One mile west of Alpha Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg’ Coal 750 to 755 Cave 1025 ‘‘ 1300 Cow Run Sand 1300 1388 Salt Sand 1490 1510 Salt Sand 1580 1650 Maxton Sand (gas, 1869'; oil, 1905') 1861 1956 Cave 2025 2035 Pig Lime 2035 ‘‘ 2130 Big Injun Sand 2130 2230 Sand, poor 2420 2440 Berea, poor '. 2480 ^ ^ 2510 Gordon Stray, poor 2813 2818 • Gordon Sand (gas, 2835') 2833 “ 2843 Total depth 2843 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 1. Grant district, near Tyler line. Authority, E. H. Jenniags & Brothers. Feet. Feet. First Coal 54 Lime 336 Coal 525 Coal (Sewickley) 558 ‘Gliirry Up” Sand 90 feet 935 Top of Dunkard Sand 1115 Gas Sand, 30 feet 1305 Salt Sand (water, 1559') 1500 to 1560 Pencil cave, 8 feet 1855 Top of Big Injun Sand (water, 2075') . . . .1960 Top Gordon Sand (gas, 2690') 2670 Bottom of Gordon Sand 2698 Fourth Sand 2738 Shells and slate to bottom 2826 0. W. 0. Hardman Well, No. 14. Grant district, near Tyler county line. Authority, E. II. Jen- nings & Brothers. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 830 Top of Big Injun Sand 2120 First ^‘pay” ' 2230 Fair Sand 2240 Bottom of hole 2257 WEST VIKGINIA ("xEOLOGiCAL SUKVEY 289 M. J. Francis Well, No. 1. Grant district. Authority, South lA'im Oil Company. Feet. Feet. IMttsl)iir<>' Coal 1M)0 to 90S Salt Saiul (water, 1770') 17-h) 1830 Hi- Lime 21(50 2220 Hii;’ Injun Sand (gas, 2235') 2220 2335 Sand (Stray) 2972 2987 Slate 2987 3013 Sand, Gordon (oil, 3015 to 3020') 3013 3022 J. M. Pratt Well, No. 1. Grant district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. ‘‘BhifC’ Sand 380 to 420 Pittsburg? Coal 784 790 Dunkard Sand 1305 1325 Salt Sand 1530 1724 Pencil cave 2004 2070 BigLirne 2070 2140 Big Injun Sand 2100 2225 Fifty-foot Sand 2715 2750 Stray Sand 2819 2834 Slate 2834 2858 Gordon Sand 2858 2870 Slate to bottom 2870 2872 E. J. Polan Well, No. 1. Grant district. Antlnnlty, South Pmin Oil Company. Feet. Feet. 'GlliifC’ Sand ( \Vaynes))urg) 750 to 800 Pittsburg Cl.al \ 1090 1097 Dunkjird Sand 1010 1022 Sail Sand 1880 2030 Pencil cave .2302 2370 Big Lime 2370 2415 Big Injun Sand 2415 2550 Fifty-foot Saiid 3020 3050 Sti-ay Sjiiid (sti'ong gas, 3171') 3170 3185 Slat(i (oil show, 317(5') 3185 3205 Gordon Sand (oil, 3212') 3205 ‘‘ 3218 Total depth 3218 P. /SltaiKjkiiesseij Well, No. 1. Grant district. Autlu>i*ity, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 045 to 050 Dunkard Sand 1175 1200 Salt Sand 1475 '' 1570 290 OIL AND GAS WELL llECORDS DODDRIDGE) Pencil cave 1920 1925 Big Lime 1925 2000 Black slate 2000 2010 Big Iiijnii Sand 2010 “ 2095 Filtv-foot Sand 2545 2585 Gordon Sand (g:as, 2721') 2721 2725 Milfoil Davis Well, No. 5. (irrant district, two miles northwest of Salem.. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1015 Sand 1865 to 1915 Sand (Maxton) 2156 < 1 2196 Big Lime 2270 { ( 2350 Sand (Big Injun) i i 2463 Stray Sand (oil and gas, 3090') 3084 ( 1 3101 Slate 3101 i ( 3123 Gordon Sand (gas, 3133') 3123 i i 3134 Slate to bottom 3134 i ( 3135 Nellie Bee Well, No. 1. Grant district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal ’ . . 995 to 1001 Little Dunkard Sand ..1525 1555 Big Dunkard Sand ..1630 i ( 1680 Salt Sand . .19()0 i ( 1990 Litrle Lime . . .2170 i i 2200 I^encil cave . .2200 i i 2206 Big Lime . . 2206 ( 2291 Big Iniun Sand . . 2291 i i 2386 Thirty-foot Sand . .2970 Stray Sand (gas, 3072'; show oil, 3082') . .3071 i ( 3089 Slate . .3089 i i 3111 Gordon Sand (oil, 3114') . .3111 i ( 3122 M. J. Carr Well. No. 1. Grant district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 380 Dunkard Sand 880 to 925 Salt Sand 14.30 i ( 1490 Big Ihme 1660 i i 1730 Big Injun Sand 1730 i i 1860 Fifty-foot Sand 2280 i i 2300 Sand (Stray) 2429 ( i 2436 Slate 2436 i i 2464 Lime 24(54 i ( 2474 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 201 liiiiio and shells . . . .2474 ( c 2520 Sand (Fourth) ... i i 2525 I dine . . 2525 i ( 2530 Slate i ( 2535 Lime and shells . . . .2535 ( ( 2590 Slate . . 251)0 ( ( 2010 Lime and shells . . • . .2010 ( ( 2600 Slate . .2000 ( ( 2702 Lime . .2702 ( i 2730 Slate to bottom . . . .2730 2735 .i. . A. Davis Well, No. 1. (rraut district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg- Coal . . . . 742 to 750 Dunkard Sand . . . , .1262 ( i 1290 Gas Sand (Second Cow Run ) .1400 i ( 1435 Salt Sand .1040 ( i 1720 Pencil cave , .1980 i c 1985 Pig Ijime . . i i 2075 Pig' Jnjnn Sand . . .2075 ( ( 2185 Fifty-toot Sand . . .2090 i i 2730 Sand .' .2737 i i 2707 Sand shell .2707 ( ( 2811 Sand (Stray) gas, 28 IP .2811 ( ( 2830 ' Slate .2830 ( ( 2849 Sand, Gord(»n (oil, 2851') . . . . . 2849 ( ( 2804 Slate to bottom . . .2804 ( ( 2881 A. . 1. Davis Well, No. , 2. Grant district. Authority, South 1 Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . . . . 882 to 890 Dunkai'd Sand . . . .1317 ( ( 1350 Salt Sand .1733 ( ( 1790 Pig Lime .2145 i i 2215 Pig Injun Sand . . .2215 ( i 2337 Fifty-foot Sand . . . 2802 ( i 2835 Stray Sand (gas, 21)()1/; oil, ‘21)()‘2') . . . .2900 ( ( 2979 Gor'don Sand to bottom . 2997 i ( 3007 Thos. Devaney Well, No. 1. One mile east of Ijong run. Grant district. Authority, South JAnn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg (k)al . . . . 903 to 910 Salt Sand . 1730 ( ( 1810 Pig Lime .2100 ( i 2240 Pig Injun Sand . . .2240 i ( 2320 202 OIL AND GAS WELL IIECOKDS (DODDllIDGE) Fifly-i'oot Sand 2cS05 2825 ^^Tliirty-root” Sand (^as, 2910') 2910 2925 Stray Sand 297(5 298(5 (Jordon Sand 3018 3017 Slate and slitdls to ])ottoni 3017 3314 j\I. Davisson Well, No. 2. (jJraiit district, Harrison and Doddridge County lino, one niilo northwest of Saloni. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. l-ittsbui;i>' Coal 1100 Little Dnnkard Sand 1530 to 1580 Salt Sand 1940 2000 Pig Lime 2400 2458 Big Injun Sand 2458 2581 Fif tv-foot Sand 3010 3055 Stray Sand (oil, 31(50') 3159 3171 Slate to ])ottom 3212 3215 Silas Fitro Well, No. 2. One mile and a lialf southwest of Salem, (treenhrier rlistrict. Authority, South l^enn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsl)nrg Coal 1092 to 1095 De.nkaid Sand 1590 1(580 Salt Sand 1950 2000 Little Lime 2340 '' 2380 Big Lime 2390 2440 Big Injiin Sand 2442 2492 Fit'lv-foot Sand 3020 3040 Stray Sand 3128 3145 Coi-dcn Sand 31(55 3182 Tclal depth 3193 Jolni Irons Well, No. 1. Greeitltrier district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Bhtsbni’g (Joal 7(55 to 772 Dnnkard Sand 1285 1315 Salt Sand 1(505 1(580 Big Lime...* 2050 2120 Big Injun Sand 2120 2245 Fjfty-f(;(>t Sand 2715 2750 Stj-ay Sand 280(5 “ 2824 Slate 2824 2845 Cordon Sand 2845 “ 285(5 Slate t<. bottom 2850 “ 2859 WES'P VlRdlNIA GEOLOGICAJj StJJlVEY 2‘)y R. G. Ravin Well, No. 3 One niii(' northwest of lotus, Greeubrier district. South IVuu Oil Couipauy. i ''S . Ihttsburii' (yonl Diiiikai'd Sand 1345 Salt Sand 1780 r>ig' Lime 2130 I)ig Injiiii Sand 2170 Fifty-loot Sand 2660 Stray Sand 2828 Gordon Sand (oil, 2871') 2864 Total deidli 2902 Marcellus Clark Well, No. One mile uorthwest of Miletus, Greeubrier district. South Penu Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal Dnnkard Sand 1164 Salt Sand 1625 Ihg Lime 1940 Big Injun Sand Fifty-foot Sand 2510 Stray Sand 2679 Gordon Sand (oil, 2719') 2716 Total de])tli Williani Moivrij Well, No. 1. Bittsburg Coal Big Dnnkard Sand 1195 Salt Sand 1675 Alaxton Sand Big lame 2075 Big Injun Sand 2125 Berea 2475 Fifty-foot Sand Stray Sand 2770 Gor(ion Sand 2798 Fifth Sand (oil) 3004 Total dei)tb 3081 'This farau li(‘s in tlu' (‘ushuai coriuu* of Doddridgag along the southvvc'st expulsion of tln^ Wolf Suinniit and daryisville Fifth Sand d(‘yeloi)n)ents where the inp'ryal from the Pittsburg coal to the Pig Injun Oil Sand has thickened up greatly. district. Authority, Feet. Feet. . 800 .1345 10 1385 .1780 1 i 1860 .2130 i i 2170 .2170 i ( 2255 .2660 i 1 2685 .2828 i ( 2840 .2864 i i 2877 .2902 /. 2. ■ district. Authority, Feet. Feet. , . 639 .1164 to 1210 .1625 ( 1 1685 .1940 1 ( 1990 .1990 ( ( 2105 .2510 i i 2535 .2679 i i 2694 . .2716 ( i 2728 2750 . 1. n Oil Company. Feet. Feet. . 700 to 704 . .1195 1 1 1230 . .1675 ( ( 1850 . .2000 1 ( 2035 . . 2075 i ( 2125 . .2125 i ( 2275 . .2475 1 ( 2490 . .2600 ( ( 2635 . . 2770 ( i 2785 . .2798 i ( 2840 i ( 3016 294 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS (DODDllIDGE) William Mowry Well, No. 2. L’eenbrier district. iVuthority, Pittsburg? Coal (Sewickley) Big Duiikard Sand Salt Sand Maxton Sand South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. 550 to . 556 1050 1055 1215 1450 1835 1955 lOfiO Big Lime 1900 i ( 2020 Big [njnn Sand 2020 ( ( 2089 Fit‘tv-foot Sand 01-10 ( ( 2466 Stray Sand i ( 2585 (tordon Sand 2605 i i 2645 Fifth Sand (oil) 2860 . i 2868 Total dejdli 2878 Geo. T. Riclian is Well, No. 3. reenbrier district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsbnry Coal 590 to 595 Tuttle rtnnkard Sand 912 i ( 937 Bio: Dnnkard Sand 1030 ( { 1070 Salt Sand 1500 ( ( 1685 ]\laxton Sand 1860 i i 1935 TUg Lime 1970 1 1 2035 Big Injun Sand i ( 2135 Fitty-foot Sand 2568 ( ( 2593 Coi’don Stray (oil, 2604') . . 2651 ( ( 2686 Cordon Sand 2699 i 1 2743 khftli Sand 2893 ( ( 2902 Total depth 2989 J. T. t^omcrville Well, No. 2. (Jreenbrier district. xVnthority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 474 to 480 Big Dunkard Sand 1040 < ( m5 IMaxton Sand 1745 ( i 1825 Big lume 1830 i i 1895 Big Injun Sand 1900 i 1 1965 I'dfty-i'oot Sand 2360 i i 2390 Stray Sand 2472 i i 2500 tionlou Saufl ..'... . . 2580 i i 2620 2790 2815 Fifth Sand (oil) Total depth 2784 ( i WEST VIliGIxNIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 295 1). II. Nicholson Well, No. 1. New .Milton district. ‘ Authority South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1 10 to 545 Big Dunkard Sand 1180 i i 1255 (fas Sand 1340 1 ( 1345 Salt Sand 1460 i ( 1545 Maxton Sand 1715 i ( 1720 Big Injun Sand 2075 i i 2150 Gantz Sand i i 2360 Gordon Sand Fifth Sand Total depth 2658 . i i 2665 2824 2906 Albert Pearcy Well, No. 2. One mile north of Kelly Postoffice, New Milton district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Coal (Washiiiiiton) 250 to 252 Bluff Sand ( Wavnesburg) 385 425 Dunkard Sand 1065 ‘‘ 1000 “Second” Sand 1170 “ 1220 Salt Sand 1360 “ 1443 Second Salt Sand 1550 “ 1580 Sand ' 1610 “ 1685 Little Lime 1840 “ 1855 Pencil cave 1870 Sand (Maxton) 1872 “ 1892 Big Lime 1892 “ 1947 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1972'; oil, 1973 to 1980') '. 1947 “ 2042 Total dei)tli 2047 (Thirty-ban-el well.) VL. n. Maxwell Well, No. 1. One mile and a half south of Coldwater, New Milton district. Authority, South JVnn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 795 to 800 Little Duidvard Sand 1240 ( i 1280 Big Dunkard Sand 1325 i ( 1360 Gas Sand - 1578 i i 1620 Salt Sand 1690 ( i 1735 Maxton Sand ( i 2010 Little Lime 2050 ( ( 2060 Big Lime 2226 < < 2298 Big Injun Sand 2298 1 ( 2423 ‘2'.)0 OTL AND GAS WELL llECOJtDS (DODDIUDGE) Gnnlz Sand (oil, 2()20') 2G0S 2050 Total doplli 2053 Here at tlie soutlieasL'rn line of Doddridj^e, th(^ interval from tlie Pittsbnro coal to tli(‘ Big Injnn Sand lias thickened to 1,500 f(Md., wliich is greater by 200 feet tlian the same interval on th(' O. B. Hardman faian at the Tyler-Doddridge line, 20 miles iioi'thwestAvard. James Maxwell Well, No. 1. New Milton district, two miles south of Market. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave 800 'to 800 Cow Kim Sand (shell) 950 S-dt Sand 1410 ( c 1505 jV'laxton Sand 1740 ( ( 1770 Biii' Lime 1900 ( ( 2035 Bia Injun Sand 2035 ( i 2110 Canlz Sand 2420 ( ( 2422 Cordon Stray (shell) 2030 Gordon Sand 2055 ( t 2059 Total deplli 2802 IB. M. Stout Well, No. 8. Two miles west of Market. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsbnra' Coal Cara* 900 to 1200 Cow Knn Sand 1250 ( ( 1285 Salt Sand 1400 ( ( 1500 Max Ion Sand 1825 i 1 1850 p]o> Lmu' 1905 ( 1 2040 l)i'r Injnn Sand 2040 ( i 2130 Cordon Sand 2073 ( ( 2078 Total deiitli 2098 No coal found in any of the Stout wells exce}>t in No. 25, about two miles sontli fi-om W. M. Stout No. 8, where a coal bed is reported tliree feet thick at 230 feet, but this would be above the Pittsburtii • horizon. Mary E. Gabhert Well, No. 7. New Miltnn ( listriet. Authority, South Penn Oil Comjiany ^TFJurrv V]J'’ Sand id 220 to 275 S?.lt Sai 1181 i i 1282 Maxt('n Sand 1400 i i 1520 Little in line 1041 ( i 1075 WEST VlltGTNTA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 2 ‘j7 envo 1(575 lf)(S5 P>i- L5iiio 1735 1704 liio- Injun Sand (oil show, 1845') 1704 1820 Goi'don Sand 2452 24(50 Total doptli 2480 Uh M. Williams Well, No. 1. One mile and a lialf west of north of Leopold Postofhce. Author- ity, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feel. Pittsburg Coal None Cave 700 to 1000 Cow Run Sand 1015 1060 Salt Sand 1310 1303 Maxton Sand (water, 1738') 1730 1750 Rig Lime 1830 1040 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1040'; water I960') .1040 2032 Sig Lime Pig Injun Sand Berea? Total depth (no Gordon) Feet. Feet. .. 525 to 528 ..1027 ( ( 1047 ..1300 ( ( 1350 . .1745 ( ( 1760 ..1800 ( ( 1880 . .1886 (( 1946 ..2100 ( ( 2160 2655 IIAIIUISON COUNTY WELL UECOIWS. Harrison county lies directly east from Doddridge and Wetzel, and hence its eastern half comes within the zone of the State’s productive oil and gas belt. The Chestnut Ridge arch, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3()r, a very bold anticlinal rid"e, passes across this county from north- east to southwest, thr*ee to four miles east from Clarksburg, and au])ears to liave interrupted the accumulation of oil and gas into pools of commercial value, since within the confines of Harrison, neither oil nor gas has been found in paying quantity east from this uplift, or nearer its crest than four to five miles down its western slope. The oil sands are found when the drill is sent down, and they always contain a little oil and a little gas, but not enough of either to prove valuable. A narrow strip along the western portion of Harrison, ad- joining Wetzel and Doddridge counties contains all of the area in which oil has yet been produced in commercial quantity, but the gas fields extend 10 to 15 miles farther to the east. The following records from Sardis district will exhibit the succession of the rocks in western Harrison, just east from the Wetzel county line : A. II. Ileldreth Well, No. 4. Two miles southeast of Folsom, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Conipan}^ (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal .1051 to 1055 Dunkard Sand .1550 ( ( 1630 Salt Sand .1950 ( 1 2030 Big Lime .2270 i i 2350 Big Injun Sand .2350 i i 24,10 Fifty-foot Sand .2950 i c 2980 Stray Sand (oil shows, 3116' and 3138') . .3084 i ( 3152 Slate .3152 ( ( 3162 Gordon Sand (pay, 3180') .3162 ( c 3184 Slate .3184 ( ( 3198 Total dej)tli 3198 J. L. Lambert Well, No. 2. Two and one-half miles southeast of Folsom, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Bluff Saiul 755 Pittsburg Coal 1185 to 1191 Little Duiikard Sand 1592 Ibg Dunkard Sand 1(582 1762 ‘Hlas” Sand (Second Cow Run) 1930 Salt Sand 2105 ‘‘ 2263 3()G OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS t HARRISON) Maxtor! Sand 2278 Pencil cave 237G Big Lime 2384 2440 Big Injnn Sand 2440 2540 Fifty-foet Sand 3042 3067 Thirty-foot Sand 3132 3167 Stray Sand (gas, 3223') 3183 3235 Goi’don Sand 3258 3278 Total depth 3284 (Thirty-barrel well.) E. T. Bennett Well, No. 1. At Alliance Postoffice, three and one-half miles north of WaUftoe, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) 500 Pittsburg Coal 914 to 919 Dunkard Sand 1410 1440 Maxton Sand 2090 Big Lime 2120 2168 Big Injun Sand 2185 2290 GantzSand 2730 2760 Fifty-foot Sand 2770 2790 Stray Sand 2970 3005 Gordon Sand (oil, 3018') 3006 '' 3044 Total depth 3067 M. E. Heldreth Well, No. 1. Three miles north of Wallace, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsbui'g Coal 908 to 912 Dunkard Sand 1326 Salt Sand 1442 1602 Little Lime 1937 Pencil cave 1946 1958 Big Tame 1960 2019 Big Injun Sand 2019 2112 Fifty-foot Sand 2764 2800 Stray Sand 2937 '' . 2974 Gordon Sand (oil, 3003') 2984 3018 Total depth 3033 (Fifty-barrel well.) Omer E. Hall Well, No. 2. Two miles northw^est of Wallace, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) Feet. . 742 Feet. WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 807 Pittsburg Coal 1153 to 1158 Dunkard Sand 1635 1678 Gas Sand (Second Cow Run) 1896 1930 Little Lime 237t) 2380 Pencil cave 2380 2414 Big Injun Sand 2414 ‘‘ 2528 Stray Sand 3165 3235 Gordon Sand 3239 '' 3257 Pourth Sand 3270 3275 Total depth 3278 TP. R. G. Hall Well, No. 3. Two and one-half miles northwest of AVallace, Sardis diatrict. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) 785 to 825 Pittsburg Coal 1194 “ 1199 Dunkard Sand 1790 1820 Salt Sand 2085 2220 Maxton Sand 2265 “ 2325 Little Lime 2336 2346 Big Lime 2396 ‘‘ 2461 Big Injun Sand 2461 ‘‘ 2575 Fifty-foot Sand 3040 8065 Thirty-foot Sand 3130 ‘‘ 3158 Stray Sand (gas, 3227 to 3237') 3192 3257 Gordon Sand (oil, 3265 to 3271') 3260 3278 Total depth 3299 L. E. Bartlett Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 780 Dunkard Sand 1270 to 1370 Gas Sand 1550 1590 Salt Sand 1680 1770 Big Lime 2006 2054 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2054'; oil, water, 2069'; show oil, 2160') 2054 2181 Gantz Sand (show oil, 2510') 2510 2540 Fifty-foot Sand 2610 2650 Gordon Sand (oil, 2866' and 2872^) 2854 2888 Black sand and slate 2888 2893 Sand, Gordon 2893 2002 L. E. Bartlett Well, No. 3. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. . 970 Pittsburg Coal 308 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) Dimkard Sand 1465 to 1510 Gas Sand 1550 '' 1630 Salt Sand 1700 1980 Maxton Sand 2075 2115 Pencil cave 2175 2180 Big Lime 2180 “ 2240 Big Injun Sand 2240 2375 Fifty-foot Sand 2825 2865 ‘‘Bowlder’’ Sand 2940 “ 2960 Stray Sand (gas, 3021') 2980 “ 3027 Slate ^ 3027 “ 3045 Snnd, Gordon 3045 “ 3070 Slate (break) 3070 “ 3077 Sand (Gordon) 3077 “ 3089 Slate 3089 “ 3115 Total depth 3115 In these wells the Gordon Sand is split by a parting of slate five feet thick in No. 1 and seven feet in No. 3. G. W. Talkington Well, No. 6. Two miles north of Wallace, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company.. (Steel line.) . Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburg 995 to 1000 Dunkard Sand 1400 “ 1450 Gas Sand 1500 “ 1575 Salt Sand 1900 “ 1980 Little Lime 2100 “ 2125 Pencil cave 2125 “ 2130 Big Lime 2130 “ 2210 Big Injun Sand 2210 “ 2345 Fifty-foot Sand 2895 “ 2920 Stray Sand 3025 “ 3065 Gordon Sand (oil, 3082' and 3091') 3075 3096 ■ James Ogden Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 995 Big Dunkard Sand 1480 to 1560 Gas Sand 1600 “ 1640 Salt Sand 1890 “ 1990 Maxton Sand 2120 ** 2150 Big Lime 2200 “ 2280 Big Injun Sand ....2290 “ 2390 Gaiitz Sand 2745 “ 2775 Fifty-foot Sand 2830 “ 2880 “Bowlder” Sand (“ Tliirty-foot”) 2946 “ 2971 WEST VIllGINIA GEO^LOGICAL SUllVEY 300 Stray Sand 3025 3050 Gordon Sand (oil show, 3094') 3003 “ 3103 Total depth 3149 J. L. Lambert Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1126 Little Dnnkard Sand 1520 to 1560 Big Dnnkard Sand 1610 1660 ‘‘Gas’’ Sand (Second Cow Run) 1800 “ 1880 Salt Sand 2040 “ 2120 Pencil cave 2310 “ 2315 Big Lime 2315 “ 2375 Big Injnn Sand 2375 “ 2500 Fifty-foot Sand 2800 “ 2840 “Bowlder” Sand (“Thirty-foot”) 3080 “ 3100 Stray Sand 3115 “ 3180 J. J. Ashcraft Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 785 Dnnkard Sand 1280 to 1330 Gas Sand 1525 “ 1585 Maxton Sand 1932 “ 2010 Big Lime 2012 “ 2050 Big Injnn Sand 2050 “ 2177 Fifty-foot Sand 2625 “ 2660 Stray Sand 2792 “ 2834 Gordon Sand (gas, 2859'; oil, 2861') 2858 “ 2878 Slate 2878 “ 2890 Hard shells 2890 “ 2896 Slate and shells to bottom 2896 “ 2930 J. J. Ashcraft Well, No. 2. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 975 Dnnkard Sand 1450 Gas Sand 1770 Salt Sand 1930 Big Lime 2115 Big Injnn Sand 2270 to 2388 Gantz Sand 2710 Fifty-foot Sand 2840 Stray Sand 2920 “ 3045 Slate 3045 “ 3055 Gordon Sand 3055 “ 3083 Slate to bottom 3083 “ 3127 310 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) T. D. Rogers Well, No. 1. Two miles west of Olive, Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.)* Feet. Feet. Pittsbur;^ Coal 1053 to 1058 Diinkard Sand 1770 1800 Pig Lime 2290 '' 2350 Big Tnjim Sand 2350 “ 2450 Fifty-foot Sand 2895 2910 Thiitv-foot Sand 2970 3000 Stray Sand.: 3040 3100 Gordon Sand (oil, 3140 to 3147') 3129 '' 3160 Total depth 3160 (Two hundred and seventy-five-barrel well.) W. A. Rogers Well, No. 2. Two and one-half miles west of Olive, Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 950 to 956 Dunkard Sand 1450 1520 Salt Sand 1830 '' 1900 Big Lime 2200 2260 Big Injun Sand 2260 2362 Fifty-foot Sand .2825 ' ‘ 2856 Thirty-foot Sand 2930 2950 Stray Sand 2970 3004 Gordon Sand (oil, 3037 to 3042') 3026 3000 Totsal depth 3060 Large well. Marshall Bailey Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, Hartman Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 295 Maxton Sand 1530 Big Injun Sand 1660 Gordon Sand 2369 Bottom Feet. to 2387 (Dry) 2742 Seth Piggott Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, Hartman Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 622 Pencil cave 1860 Big Lime 1880 to Big Injnn Sand 1940 Gantz Sand 2615 Feet. 1940 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 311 “Thii-ty-foot’’ Sand 2671 11 2720 “Break” red rock 2724 Gordon Sand 2750 it 2780 Fourth Sand 2782 u 2806 Fifth Sand 2839 ( ( 2845 ' J. L. Swiger Well, No. 1. Laurel run, one mile and a half northeast of Brown. Authority, Hartman Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand (TVaynesburg) 140 to 160 Pittsburg Coal 558 Dunkard Sand 1075 Gas Sand 1356 '' 1470 Salt Sand 1500 1640 Rig Injun Sand 1855 '' 1965 Gantz Sand 2445 '' 247C Gordon Sand 2682 '' 2694 Gordon Sand 2717 2733 Fourth Sand 2773 2780 Sand, hard 3218 3225 Bottom 3635 This well was drilled to 3,077 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and should have penetrated the Speechley Sand horizon at that depth, since it comes at 860 feet below the Fourth Sand of the Venango series, which was struck here at 2,159 feet below the Pittsburg bed. Felix Coffmafi Well, No. 1. Two miles northeast of Sedalia, near Doddridge-IIarrison line. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 865 to 875 Cow Run Sand 1400 1425 Salt Sand 1600 '' 1700 IMaxton Sand ^1940 * 2045 Big Lime 2120 '' 2180 Big Injun Sand 2180 2270 Berea? 2625 '' 2637 Pencil cave 2875 2890 Gordon Stray (gas, 2920') 2890 “ 2928 Gordon Sand (gas, 2940') 2935 '' 2945 Total depth 2972 ‘‘Good gas well.^’ 312 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOKDS (HAIUIISON) Milton Davis Well, No. 1. Near Harrison and Doddridge line. Authority South Perm Oil Company: Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1175 Dimkard Sand 1600 to 1650 Salt Sand 2045 2095 Big Lime ...2458 ‘‘ 2518 Big Injnn Sand 2518 2621 Stray Sand (gas, .3247') 3245 “ 3262 Slate 3262 3286 Sand, Gordon 3286 “ 3302 Slate to bottom 3302 “ 3343 E. V. Smith Well, No. 1. Two and one-fourth miles southeast of Sedalia, near Doddridge line, Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1088 to 1093 Little Dnnkard Sand 1493 “ 1530 Big Dimkard Sand 1628 1670 Maxton Sand 2250 “ 2300 Big Lime 23.31 2390 Big Injun Sand 2390 2496 Fifty-foot Sand 2960 3000 Stray Sand 3098 3122 Gordon Sand (oil, 3151') 3148 “ 3172 Total depth 3427 S. C. Barnes Well, No. 1. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 955 to 961 Big Dimkard Sand 1495 1540 Salt Sand 2000 2085 Big Lime 2245 '' 2305 Big Injun Sand 2305 2360 Fifty-foot Sand 2820 ‘‘ 2850 ‘^Thirty-foot” Sand 2900 “ 2935 Sand, Stray 2988 “ 3009 Slate 3009 “ 3024 Sand, Gordon (oil, 3026') 3024 “ 3044 T. C. Bennett Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Companj^ Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand (Waynesburg) 555 to 590 Mapletown Coal (Sewickley) 804 “ 808 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 313 Pit tsbn 1 * 12 : t^onl 924 C ( 934 Sand, Coiinellsville 1050 ( i 1080 Red roc'k 1080 i ( 1330 I>ig Dimkard Sand ( i 1500 Gas Sand 1715 ( ( 1750 Salt Sand 1850 i i 1885 Maxton Sand 1990 ( ( 2040 Little Lime 2100 1 ( 2120 I»i^ Lime 2200 ( ( 2232 Hi^ Injnn Sand 2232 ( ( 2332 Fifty-foot Sand 2820 ( ( 2830 Stray Sand 2943 { ( 2986 Slate 2986 ( ( 3000 (Gordon) Sand 3000 ( ( 3042 Slate to bottom 3042 ( ( 3083 T. C. Bennett Well, No. 3. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1012 ( { 1020 Little Dimkard Sand 1410 ( ( 1450 Big Dimkard Sand 1520 1 1 1600 Sand and slate 1750 1 1 2275 Big Lime 2275 i i 2310 Big Injnn Sand 2310 1 ( 2415 Gantz and Fifty-foot (gas, 2880') . . . 2870 ( < 2910 Red ro('k 3035 ( ( 3040 Sand (Stray) 3058 ( ( 3070 Red rock 3078 i ( 3080 Slate 3080 i 1 3094 Gordon Sand (oil, 3098') 3094 1 ( 3117 Slate to bottom 3117 ( ( 3165 A. F. Dennison Well, No. 1. Three and one-half miles northeast of Salem, Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Conii)any. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. l^ittsbnrg Coal 930 to 935 Dimkard Sand 1410 ( ( 1450 Gas Sand 1670 ( i 1700 Big Lime 2150 ( ( 2205 Big Injnn Sand 2205 ( c 2300 Fifty-foot Sand 2750 ( ( 2778 Thirty-foot Sand 2850 ( ( 2875 Stray Sand 2900 ( ( 2960 Gordon Sand 2997 i ( 3029 Total depth 3324 (Dry hole.) 314 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) J. W. Williams Well, No. 1. Three miles north of Salem. Authority, United States Oil Corn- Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 710 Big Injun Sand .2010 (Gas, 2560', probably in Gantz or Fifty- foot.) Gordon Sand (oil, 2786') .2786 to 2810 J. W. Williams Well No.^ 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 825 Big Injim Sand .2115 Fifty-foot Sand (gas) .2677 Gordon Sand (oil, 2897') .2886 to 2907 J. W. Williams Well No. 6. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 890 ‘‘Thirty-foot” Sand (gas) .2825 Stray Sand (oil) .2941 Gordon Sand (oil, 2971') .2968 to 2992 lAither Haymond Well No. 1. Three and one-half miles northeast of Salem. Ten Mile District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsbiirs: Coal 1215 to 1220 Dunkard Sand 1735 1750 Salt Sand 2005 2100 Pencil cave 2445 2450 Big Lime 2450 2525 Big Injun Sand 2525 2620 Fif tv-foot Sand 3180 3210 Sand ‘ Thirtv-foot ; ^ ’ show of oil, 3257') . 3257 ' ' 3273 Slate 3273 '' 3299 Sand (Gordon ; oil, 3300') 3299 3318 Slate and sheila to bottom ; 3318 3609 Luther Haymond Well No. 6. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1065 to 1071 Dnnkard Sand * 1615 1700 Salt Sand 2065 2175 Big Lime 2320 2380 Big Injim Sand 2380 ‘‘ 2450 Fifty-foot Sand 2915 2957 Thirty-foot” Sand 3027 3060 Stray Sand 3075 3115 WEST VIKGINIA GE01^)GICAL SUllVEY 315 Gordon Snnd 3130 Total depth 3151 Luther Jlaymond Well No. 16. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 900 to 905 Salt Sand 1750 “ 1810 Rig Injun Sand 2212 2290 Stray Sand 2923 2941 Gordon Sand (‘‘pay/’ 2960 to 2960-9') . .2957 “ 2975 Total depth 3060 J. Lough Well, No. 1. Two miles northwest of Marshville. Authority, Gartlan Drill- ing Co. Feet. Feet. Bluff Sand (Waynesbnrg) 500 to 550 Pittsburg Coal 935 “ 940 Little Dunkard Sand 1310 “ 1400 Big Dunkard Sand 1430 “ 1460 Salt Sand 1760 “ 1875 Maxton Sand 2120 “ 2145 Little Lime 2160 “ 2180 Pencil cave 2180 “ 2195 Big Lime 2195 “ 2260 Big Injun Sand 2260 “ 2345 “Fifty-foot Sand (gas, 2805 to 2820') . . . .2805 “ 2825 ‘ ‘ Thirty-foot ’ ’ Sand 2900 ‘ ‘ 2920 Gordon Stray Sand 2975 “ 2990 Gordon Sand (oil, 3021') 3005 “ 3038 Total depth 3038 Forty-barrel well. E. Thompson Well No. 1. On Jacobs Run near Salem. Authority, Star Oil and Oas Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Coal Pittsburg : 814 to 820 Dunkard Sand 1250 “ 1295 Second Dunkard Sand 1345 “ 1395 Salt Sand 1685 “ 1850 Maxton Sand 1950 “ 2020 Little Lime 2055 “ 2073 Pencil cave 2073 “ 2100 Big Lime 2100 “ 2157 Rig Injun Sand (oil, gas and water 2163') 2157 “ 2235 Berea Grit 2548 “ 2558 Fifty-foot Sand 2668 “ 2680 “Thirty-foot” Sand (gas, 2765') 2760 “ 2780 310 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (HAliKISON) 2cS45 2886 2886 Gordon Stray (j^as, 2832') 2830 Gordon Sand (oil, 2873 to 2880') 2870 Total de]>th ‘^Fifty-barrel oil well and fair gas well.” Martha Frough Well No. 1. Ill Salem. Authority Gartlan Drilling Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Washington) . 230 to 234 Bluff Sand (Wavnesburg) . 440 i ( 475 Pittsburg Coal . 780 ( ( 786 Little Dunkard Sand .1240 i ( 1265 Big Dunkard Sand .1305 ( i 1330 Maxton Sand ,.1950 ( ( 2020 Little Lime ,.2050 ( ( 2072 Pencil cave .2072 ( ( 2080 Big Lime .2080 ( ( 2135 Big Injun Sand .2135 it 2220 Berea Grit .2510 1 ( 2524 Fifty-foot Sand .2626 i ( 2657 “Thirty-foot” Sand .2700 ( ( 2715 Gordon Stray Sand .2790 (( 2815 Gordon Sand (gas and oil, 2850 to 2860') Total depth .2847 (( 2864 2868 “Well shot with 50 quarts; filled np 100 feet with oil in three hours; probably about four to six-barrel well.” Samuel Gain Well No. 1. One mile southwest of Salem. Ten Mile District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1020 to 1028 Dunkard Sand 1550 “ 1581 Salt Sand 1840 “ 1950 Big Lime 2270 “ 2330 Big Tnjnn Sand 2330 “ 2450 Fifty-foot Sand 2843 “ 2893 “Thirty-foot” Sand 2953 “ 2970 Goi'don Stray (gas, 3030') 3027 “ 304^ Gordon Sand (oil, 3077') 3073 “ 3083 Total dej)tli 3433 In the vicinity of Cherry Camp a well was drilled by Des- pard and Comi)any, and the record kept with much detail by Mr. C. P. Despard of Clarksburg, a copy of which reads as follows : WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY 317 ' Rohinson Well No. 1. On Enceoon Run, near Cherry Camp. Authority, Chas. Des- pa rd et al. Feet. Feet. Cendiictor .... 0 to 10 1i(m 1 slate .... 90 1 ( 100 Fire elav .... 4 i 1 104 Soapstone 17 1 ( 121 Red shale .... IS ( ( 139 Red sand 2 141 Red shale .... 3 ( i 144 IRack shale . . .. 6 ( ( 150 Washington Coal .... 2 ( ( 152 Black shale .... 8 ( ( 160 Blue shale .... 32 It 192 White sand 31 i c 223 Blue shale .... 7 i i 230 Dark shale .... 7 i i 237 Coal (Waynesburg “ A”) • • • • .... 2 1 1 239 Shale, red .... 11 i t 250 White sand .... 12 t i 262 Red rock .... 20 t i 282 Blue shale .... 30 f i 312 White sand 25 1 1 337 Red shale .... 30 f f 367 Blue shale 54 i i 421 Black shale .... 10 i i 431 Coal (Uniontown) 9 t i 433 Blue shale .... 23 i i 456 Red shale .... 10 1 1 466 Variegated shale .... 70 1 1 536 Lime .... 35 1 1 571 Blue shale .... 30 < { 601 Sand .... 25 i i 620 Brown shale .... 08 i t 694 Coal (Redstone) 3 i t 097 Blue shale .... 19 1 1 716 Pittsburg Coal, top at 720'. . . 6 i i 726 Blue shale . . . 104 1 1 830 Gray Sand .... 15 1 1 845 Red shale .... 43 t i 888 IRue shale .... 46 i i 934 Red rock .... 50 1 1 984 IRue shale .... 85 t c 1069 White sand (I)unkard) .... 30 i t 1099 Black shale .... 35 1 1 1134 Blue shale .... 135 i i 1269 318 OIL i.ND GAS WELL KECOKDS (HAKKISON; Lime 22 1291 Black slate 77 1368 Dark sand 80 1448 Bine slate 40 1488 Black slate 60 1548 Salt Sand, brown 115 1663 Bine slate 35 1698 Black slate 60 1758 Lime 40 ‘‘ 1798 Slate 7 1805 Lime 23 '' 1828 Red rock 40 1868 Lime 15 1883 Gray sand 17 1900 Pencil cave 4 1904 Little Lime and Big Lime (unrecorded) . . 132 2036 Big Injun, top, 2036' 174 2200 Blue slate 70 2270 Sandy slate 70 2340 Slate and shells 50 2390 Blue slate 90 ‘G 2480 Brown sand 25 2505 White slate 83 2588 White sand, Berea Grit (Gantz) 15 2603 Blue slate 9 2612 White sand 6 2618 White slate 32 2650 Blue slate 20 2670 Hard sand 25 2695 Sand and shale 40 2735 Gray sand (‘^Thirty-foot”) 15 “ 2750 Red sand 25 “ 2775 Slate 13 “ 2778 Gordon Sand (top, 2808') 35 “ 2823 Blue shale 69 “ 2892 White Sand (Fourth) 6 “ 2898 Blue shale 104 “ 3002 Dark sand and shale (5th Sand) . 5 “ 3007 Shale 25 “ 3032 Total depth 3146 (Dry hole.) Some of the nijeasurements as noted in the record do not correspond with the footings as added up in detail, but the dis- crepancy is slight and probably due to nieasurenients with steel line at important horizons. The “L/ittle Lime” which belongs just under the Maxton Sand, and also the '‘Big Lime’’ which comes on toi) of the Big Injun Sand, a total thickness of 132 feet WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 319 of measures have by inadvertency been dropped from the drill- er’s “lo"”, but the omission is corrected by his noting the depth to the top of the Big Injun Sand. A M^ell marked anticlinal uplift passes into Harrison county from Marion near Sturms Mill on Big Bingamon creek, and con- tinuing on southwestward crosses main Ten Mile creek near Sar- dis, and the B. & 0. R. R. half-way between Wilsonburg and Wolf Summit, and on southwestward east from Jarvisville. On the western slope of this arch (which has been termed the Wolf Summit Anticlinal), the dip is very rapid — 200 to 250 feet to the mile, but eastward the dip is gentle, and the rocks do not descend ^ore than 75 to 100 feet. Along the crest of this arch and east- ward to the vicinity of Clarksburg where the strata again begin to rise eastward on the western slopes of the great Chestnut Ridge arch, we find one continuous gas field extending on south- w^estward across Harrison and into Lewis where it over-rides even the Chestnut Ridge anticlinal (much reduced in altitude south- westward) in the vicinity of Weston where we find the largest gas wells in the State. On the western slope of the Wolf Summit arch, and about two miles northwest from its crest a fine oil pool has been developed in the same sand which holds the gas to the east. This sand comes at 2300 to 2310 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and the writer has identified it with the Fifth or McDonald Oil Sand of the Pennsylvania series, and the oil fraternity uses the same term for its designation. Tlis Fifth Sand pool is not wide (only 2000 to 2500 feet) since it occurs half way down the steeply dipi)ing western slope of the Wolf Summit anticline where the elevation of the oil sand descends about 100 feet between tlie eastern and western edges of the pool. The following records cover the region where this Fifth Sand is productive of either oil or gfis and will serve to show its relation to the higher measures : Dorothy Young Well, No. 1. Ten Mile district. Authority, C. G. Elliott, of the Fearless Oil Company, Sistersville, W. Va. Coal (Washington) Foet. . 45 Feet. 320 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) Coal (Uniontown) 360 Mapletown Coal (Sewickley) 560 Pittsburg Coal 640 Big Dunkard Sand 1200 ^‘Blue Monday” (Maxton Sand) gas.... 1940 to 1960 Pencil cave 1960 Big Lime 1970 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2100') 2030 ‘‘ 2140 Fifty-foot Sand (gas) 2465 Stray Sand (gas) 2655 ‘‘ 2710 Gordon Sand (strong gas) 2723 ‘‘ 2755 Fifth Sand (oil, small) .2935 2940 Total depth 2950 ‘‘Oil filled up 160 feet in one hour.” G. W. Albright Well, No. 1. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 696 to 703 Big Dunkard Sand 1222 “ 1327 Salt Sand 1620 “ 1670 Big Lime 2049 “ 2130 Big Injun Sand 2135 “ 2200 Fifty-foot Sand 2585 “ 2610 Stray Sand (oil show, 2805') 2790 “ 2825 Gordon Sand (heavv gas) 2840 Fifth Sand (oil shJw) 3033 “ 3039 G. W. Albright Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 695 to 702 Big Dunkard Sand 1245 “ 1297 Gas Sand 1425 “ 1495 Salt Sand 1690 “ 1784 Maxton Sand 1910 “ 1995 Little Lime 2000 “ 2012 Big Lime 2025 “ 2098 Big Injun Sand 2098 “ 2175 Fifty-foot Sand 2585 “ 2615 Stray Sand (oil show, 2743') 2737 “ 2769 Gordon Sand 2784 “ 2815 Fifth Sand (oil) 3002 “ 3009 G. W. Albright Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 750 to 758 Little Dunkard Sand 1090 “ 1120 Big Dunkard Sand 1285 “ 1335 Maxton Sand (water, 1933') 1930 “ 2015 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 321 Red rock 2090 Big Lime 2100 i c 2T90 Big Injun Sand 2190 ( 1 2240 Berea 2510 ( i 2550 Fifty-foot Sand 2635 Thirty-foot Sand 2720 ( 1 2755 Stray Sand 2795 ( ( 2845 Gordon Sand 2855 ( ( 2900 Fifth Sand (oil) 3055 i i 3061 The driller has identified with the Berea Grit of Ohio, a sand which was struck at 1752 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and 125 feet above the Fifty-Foot Sand. Each of these three records re- veals something not given in the other two. J. M. Fultz Well, No. 4. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 463 to Dunkard Sand • 1024 Salt Sand 1400 Big Lime 1797 ‘‘ Big Injun Sand 1870 Fifty-foot Sand 2352 ‘ ^ Stray Sand 2478 Gordon Sand 2521 Fifth Sand 2761 Total depth 2791 J. M. Fultz Well, No. 6. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 700 to Little Dunkard Sand 1075 Big Dunkard Sand 1215 ‘ ‘ Maxton Sand 1968 Big Lime 2048 ‘ ' Big Injun Sand 2130 Fifty-foot Sand 2588 Stray Sand 2705 Gordon Sand 2800 Fifth Sand 3008 Total depth L. J. Ayers Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 755 to Gas Sand (show oil) Maxton Sand 2025 Big Injun Sand 2200 ‘‘ Feet. 469 1052 1440 1870 1942 2378 2500 2548 2773 Feet. 706 1305 2020 2130 2218 2620 3015 3028 Feet. 761 1455 2080 2280 322 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (HARRISON) Fifty-foot Sand 2690 '' 2702 Stray, Gordon Sand (gas, 2'^GO') 2830 2890 Fourth Sand 2900 2940 Fifth Sand (oil in top) 3050 3056 B. F. Bonner Well, f.’j. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 745 to 750 Gas Sand 1590 1645 Big Lime 2120 2190 Big Injun Sand . 2190 '' 2320 Stray and Gordon Sands 2782 2855 Fifth Sand 3017 '' 3022 Total depth 3045 B. F. Bonner Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 720 to 726 Big Dunkard Sand 1220 1250 Big Lime 2125 2195 Big Injun Sand 2195 2300 Fifty-foot Sand 2690 2710 Stray Sand (gas, 2780') 2765 2785 Gordon Sand (oil, 2795') 2790 '' 2810 Fifth Sand 3017 3028 B. W. Cunningham Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 696 to 702 Big Lime 2066 '' 2500 Big Injun Sand 2100 2180 Fifty-foot Sand 2670 2700 Stray Sand 2741 2780 Gordon Sand ‘ 2794 '' 2830 Fifth Sand (oil) 2989 2994 L. E. Barnett Well, No. 1. ^ Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 478 Dunkard Sand 900 Big Injun Sand 1925 to 1960 Stray Sand (gas) 2560 2580 Fiftli Sand (oil and gas, 2780') 2778 2786 Bottom 2800 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Genius Fayne Well, No. 2. Authority, South Periii Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 490 Big Injun Stuid 1900 Strav Sand 2609 Gordon Sand 2620 t® 2654 Fourth Sand 2704 Fiftii Sand 2825 Total depth 2909 A. C. Bailey Well, No. 1. Teu Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 1145 to 1150 Dunkard Sand 1630 ( ( 1640 Salt Sand 1985 (( 2100 Pencil cave 2490 ( i 2498 Big Lime 2498 { t 2560 Big Injun Sand 2560 i i 2630 Fifty-foot Sand 3065 ( ( 3085 Stray Sand (gas, 3175') 3175 ct 3184 Slate 3184 ( ( 3224 Gordon Sand (oil, 3230') 3224 ( i 3243 Slate 3243 ( ( 3253 Lime 3253 i ( 3268 Sand and shells 3268 ( ( 3288 Slate 3288 { ( 3399 Lime and shells 3399 i i 3403 Slate 3403 ( i 3411 Fifth Sand 3411 i i 3415 Slate to bottom 3415 i i 3483 In some portions of this Fifth Sand belt of oil and gas the producing stratum appears to shift down to an interval of 40 to 50 feet more below the Pittsburg coal than the average (2310 feet) but whether this is due to the drillers identifying the Red- stone coal, 40 to 50 feet above the Pittsburg bed, with the latter stratum, or whether the producing sand shifts down to the Bay- ard horizon is not yet certainly known, llie records of wells north from the B. & 0. R. K. exhibit this greater in-terval as follows : C. L. Griffith Well, No. 4. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. . 300 to 307 Pittsburg Coal. 324 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) Big Dunkard Sand 800 850 Gas Sand 900 940 Salt Sand 1050 1130 Big Lime 1660 1740 Big Injun Sand 1740 1815 Fifty-foot Sand 21*15 2245 Stray and Gordon Sands 2340 2470 Fourth Sand 2490 2515 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) 2670 2678 Total depth 2719 R. A. Flowers Well, No. 1. Authority, South Pehn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 300 to 306 Big Lime 1645 1722 Big Injun Sand 1725 1815 Fourth Sand 2535 ‘‘ 2560 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) 2660 2664 R. A. Flowers Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 600 to 605 Dunkard Sand 1100 “ 1120 Salt Sand 1570 ‘‘ 1620 Big Lime 1944 ‘‘ 2025 Big Injun Sand 2025 2080 Fifty-foot Sand 2531 2562 Gordon Sand 2735 2750 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) 2963 “ 2972 R. S. Davisson Well, No. 1. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Redstone coal ’ 250 Pittsburg Coal 278 to 286 Little Dunkard Sand 667 ‘‘ 750 Big Dunkard Sand 790 820 Red rock 1465 1550 Maxton Sand (little gas) 1550 ‘‘ 1645 Big Lime 1650 ‘‘ 1725 Big Injun Sand 1725 “ 1785 Fifty-foot Sand * 2245 2275 Stray Sand 2335 2360 Gordon Sand 2375, 2530 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) 2660 2666 Total depth 2687 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I). Bomjliner Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg' Coal . . 500 to 505 Big Diiiikard Sand ..1030 ( ( 1095 Big’ Lime ..1865 ( ( 1920 Big Injun Sand ..1920 ( ( 2000 Fifty-foot Sand . .2425 i c 2455 Gordon Sand . .2630 t ( 2700 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) ..2867 i ( 2879 Martha Smith Well, No. 3. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 470 to 475 Big Dunkard Sand . . 970 ( ( 1000 Salt Sand . ,.1500 ( i 1525 Big Lime , .1831 1 1 1908 Big Injun Sand ,.1908 ( ( 1960 Fifty-foot Sand ..2415 ( ( 2440 Gordon Sand ,.2637 ( ( 2677 Fourth Sand , .2683 ii 2698 Fifth Sand Total depth ,.2831 2860 Amos Carter Well, No. 5. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 575 to 580 \ Cow Hun Sand ( i 1125 Gas Sand .1280 i < 1360 Salt Sand .1530 1 i 1580 Maxton Sand .1825 ( { 1900 Big Lime .1900 ( ( 1980 Big Injun Sand .1980 ( t 2040 Fifty-foot Sand .2565 ( ( 2575 Gordon Sand ' .2720 ( ( 2780 Fifth Sand .2922 ( 1 2928 Total depth 3000 J ohii Flaherty W ell. No. 1. Ten Mile distriet. Authority, SoufN Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 418 to 423 Dunkard Sand . 950 < ( 990 Maxton Sand .1720 t i 1780 Big Lime .1780 i 1 1830 Big Injun Sand .1840 1 1 1910 Thirty-foot Sand .2430 ( ( 2500 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOJiDS (HARRISON) 32() Foiirtli Rand 2588 2030 Fifth Rand 2824 2832 Bottom 2-844 B. 11. Brown Well, No. 12. Ten IMile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsbnre: Coal 400 to 408 Big Dnnkard Sand 920 i i 1040 Gas Sand 1100 ( ( 1180 Salt Sand 1320 1 ( 1400 Maxton Sand 1680 1 ( 1760 Big Lime 1770 e ( 1830 Big Injan Sand 1830 ( ( 1920 Fifty-foot Sand 2330 1 1 2370 ^ ^ Thirty-foot ’ ’ Sand 2460 ( ( 2475 Gordon Stray 2480 i c 2500 Gordon Sand 2515 1 1 2575 Fourth Sand to bottom 2610 B. H. Brown Well, No. 13. Ten Mile district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company, Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 195 to 198 Little Dnnkard Sand 700 i ( 750 Maxton Sand 1510 i { 1550 Big Lime 1550 ( < 1590 Big Injnn Sand 1590 ( ( 1640 Fiftv-foot Sand 2145 ( ( 2160 Thirty-foot Sand 2265 ( 1 2275 Gordon Sand ( ( 2367 Fourth Sand 2397 Fifth Sand 2560 ( ( 2568 Total dej)th 2578 Edith Starkey Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal Big Tnjnn Sand, top 1787 332 First pay 1792 Stray Sand, top 2420 ®ordoa Sand 2430 to 2450 Fourth Sand Fifth Sand 2638 2645 Total depth 2677 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 327 Uenry Brown Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 414 to 420 Little Dunkard Sand 815 875 Red rock 1580 1720 Little Lime 1727 1750 Big Lime 1760 1856 Big Injun Sand 1856 1912 Fifty-foot Sand 2375 2400 Stray Sand 2440 '' 2500 Gordon Sand 2503 2625 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) oil 2797 '' 2803 Bottom * 2828 A. J. Strother Well, No. 1. Sardis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 325 to 332 Big Dunkard Sand 844 914 Salt Sand 1312 1397 Big Lime 1690 1756 Big Injun Sand 1756 1831 Fifty-foot Sand 2267 2287 Gordon Sand 2410 2546 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) oil 2710 2720 Total depth 2725 Quintilla Boggess Well, No. 1. Two miles west of Lumberport, Eagle district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Little Dunkard Sand 325 to 355 Big Dunkard Sand 435 490 Gas Sand 645 724 Salt Sand 745 • 945 Little Lime 1285 1300 Pencil cave 1300 “ 1305 Big Lime 1305 1360 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1380') 1360 1380 Fifty-foot Sand 1850 '' 1900 Stray Sand 1925 1955 Gordon Sand 1975 2115 Fourth Sand (gas, 2165') 2135 2190 Fifth Sand (Bayard?) (gas, 2317') 2315 2320 Total depth 2347 (Gas well). This well begins about 70 feet below the Pittsburg coal. 328 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (HARRISON) James Coffman Well, No. 1. Head of Cunningham Run. Authority, Mr. Guthrie, Superin- tendent of the Fairmont and Grafton Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 97 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1520') 1516 to 1558 Berea Sand, grayish white (gsa, 1852').. 1850 1852 Fifty-foot Sand (shells) 1968 Fourth Sand 2305 2321 Fifth Sand None Bayard Sand (gas, 2480') 2478 2485 “Sand dark and full of white pebbles. Drilled to 2808 feet, but found no more sand below the Bayard. The formation was composed of white and black slate and a few thin limy shells. Small gas well, good for a million feet.” Robert W. Coon Well, No. 1. Two miles north of Clarksburg, on Jack’s Run. Authority, Thomas D. Shaffer, Superintendent of the Mandell Oil and Gas Company. Pittsburg coal 25 feet above derrick floor. Feet. Feet. Ijimestone 20 to 94 Coal 94 96 Slate 96 115 Limestone 115 ^ ‘ 206 Slate 206 213 Coal (Elk Lick) 213 219 Slate 219 “ 280 Lime 280 “ 340 Sand 340 “ 375 Lime 375 390 Coal (Bakerstown) 390 “ 396 Little Dunkard Sand 396 480 Water and. black oil 410 Slate 480 515 Coal (Upper Freeport) 515 518 Slate 518 545 Sand 545 “ 690 Slate 690 “ 710 Coal (Kittanning) 710 712 Slate 712 “ 748 Salt Sand (water, 786' and 805') 748 “ 835 Slate 835 847 Lime 847 860 Salt Sand, base (water, 870') 860 940 Slate 940 “ 980 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY Lime OcSO 1015 Sand, (IMaxton?) 1015 1000 Lime 1000 1120 Slate 1120 ‘‘ 1165 Ked ro('k 1165 1360 Slate 1360 1305 Pencil cave 1395 ‘‘ 1405 P>ig Lime 1405 1460 I>ii>: Injun Sand 1460 1570 Slate 1570 1582 Lime shells 1582 '' 1592 Red rock 1592 1597 Lime 1597 1650 Slate 1650 1690 Sand 1690 1708 Lime 1708 1740 Slate 1740 1810 Berea Grit? (Gantz) 1810 1820 Lime shells 1820 1880 Slate 1880 “ 1915 Fifty-foot Sand 1915 1970 Slate 1970 ‘‘ 1985 Sand (^^Thirty-foot’’) 1985 2070 Red rock 2070 2073 Sand Stray”) 2073 2110 Slate 2110 2115 Sand (Gordon) 2115 2160 Red rock 2160 2180 Lime shells 2180 2210 Red rock, slate and shells 2210 ‘‘ 2300 Sand (Fourth) 2300 2320 Slate 2320 2355 Sand (Fifth ; o-as, 2360') 2355 ‘ ‘ 2370 Slate and shell 2370 2430 Bayard Sand 2430 “ 2470 Gas (small g'as) 2435 Oil (two-bai'rel) 24(52 Total de}>tli 2523 Casing*- record — Ten-inch, lt)6 feet; 8-’inch, 940 feet; 6%-inch, 1575 feet. N. M. Talbott Well, No. 1. Two miles north of Clarksburg’, and 1000 feet east of R. W. Coon Well, No. 1. Authority, Thomas D. Shaffer. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 415 to 500 Salt Sand 765 i ( 850 Big Lime 1420 ( ( 1480 330 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (HAllIlISON) Bii? Injun Sand 14S0 1585 Gantz Sand 1940 ‘‘ 1970 Stray Sand 2095 2130 Gordon Sand 2130 2165 Bayard Sand 2450 2491 Show of oil 2480 ‘‘ 2490 Gas 2452 and ^480 Total depth 2517 ^‘Medium gas well.’’ Dick Smith Well, No. 1. Simpson Creek, tliree miles from mouth. Authority, Thomas D. Shaffer, Superintendent Mandell Oil and Gas Company. Pittsburg Coal 40 feet above derrick floor. Feet. Feet. Coal (Bakerstown) 346 to 352 First Cow Rim Sand 360 380 Dnnkard Sand 498 530 Coal (Lower Freeport) 607 614 Gas Sand 665 707 Salt Sand 745 935 Red rock 1115 1312 Red rock 1355 1361 Big Lime 1361 1435 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1448' and 1530') . . . .1435 1540 Sand 1551 1610 Sand 1790 1860 Sand 1910 1960 Sand 1972 2080 Gordon Sand (gas, 2142') 2120 2145 Fourth Sand 2296 2341 Fifth Sand 2363 2370 Bayard Sand (show of oil, 2442' and 2450') 2434 2457 Total depth 2502 Dry hole. Silas Ogden Well, No. 1. One mile east of Gypsy. Authority, Thomas D. Shaffer, Superin- tendent Mandell Oil and Gas Comiiany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 115 to 120 Cave 270 310 First Cow Run Sand 450 490 Dunkard Sand 615 680 Salt Sand (gas, 890'; water, 895') 740 “ 895 Red rock . '. 1210 '' 1400 Maxton Sand 1400 1410 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY Lime 1490 1555 Injun Sand (^as, 1570 to 1580') 1555 1005 Fifty-foot Sand 2057 2180 Red rock 2238 2243 Gordon Sand 2243 2270 Bayard Sand (oil show, 2545 to 2585') . . .2544 2588 Total depth 2097 ^‘TJiree million-foot gas well in Big Injun Sand.'’ The sand at 2424 feet below the Pittsburg coal in this well and the others drilled by the Mandell Company has been identified with the Fifth Sand of the Wolf Summit region which is there 2300 feet to 2320 feet below the Pittsburg coal. It is pos- sible that this may be the correct interpretation, but the writer has called it the Bayard Sand in these records. J. M. Hall Well, No. 1. One mile east of Benson, Union district. Authority,, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Native Coal (Waynesburg) 200 TO 204 Pittsburg Coal 605 i i 610 Dimkard Sand 1140 ( i 1190 Gas Sand 1305 ( ( 1309 Salt Sand 1410 ( ( 1770 Red rock 1820 ( ( 1970 Big Lime 2040 i ( 2095 Big Injun Sand 2095 ( i 2220 Sand 2395 ( ( 2405 Stray Sand (gas, 2670') . . . . 2640 ( i 2690 Gordon Sand (gas, 2715') . . . 2700 ( ( 2740 Fifth Sand and oil 2904 ( ( 2908 Total depth 2922 (Small well.) John Dillon Well, No. 1. One mile east of Benson, Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 460 Tjittle Dimkard Sand 890 to 950 Big Duidcard Sand 960 ( ( 1020 Gas Sand 1290 ( ( 1325 Big Tiirne 1920 ( ( 1970 Big Injun Sand 1975 { ( 2100 Stray Sand ( ( 2565 Gordon Sand 2575 ( ( 2615 332 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (IIAllKISON) Fifth Sand (oil) ...2704 i 1 2776 Total depth 2777 (Ten-baiTel pninper.) lUgli hnire Well, No. 7. ]\rineral Postoffice, Union district. Authority, Southern Company and Mr. Fred S. Rich. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg- Coal ... 258 Pig Dunkard Sand ... 750 Gas Sand . .. 925 to 1210 Little Lime . ..1670 i ( 1682 Big Lime ...1683 1 ( 1735 Big Injnn Sand ...1735 ( ( 1845 Gantz Sand ...2045 C i 2060 Gordon Stray ...2325 ( ( 2335 Gordon Sand . . .2355 ( ( 2380 Fifth Sand (oil in top) . . .. .2561 ( ( 2567 Total depth 2590 Eight mire Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . .. 420 Tattle Dnnkard . .. 820 to 855 Big Dnnkard Sand ...1204 ( ( 1271 Salt Sand . . .1445 ( ( 1560 Maxton Sand . ..1620 1 ( 1635 Little Lime ...1830 i i 1850 Pencil cave . . .1850 ii 1865 Big Lime . . .1865 ( ( 1935 Big Injun Sand . ...1935 ( ( 2070 Gantz Sand . . .2240 i 1 2255 Gordon Stray (strong gas, 2450') ...2440 i ( 2530 Gordon Sand ( ( 2587 Fifth Sand ...2728 ( ( 2736 Total def)th .~. . . 2754 ‘Mhve million-foot gas ; well in Gordon Stray.” Eightmire Well, No. 6. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . .. 214 to 222 Little Dnnkard Sand . .. 725 ( 1 740 Big Dnnkard Sand . .. 825 i ( 990 Salt Sand ...1018 ( { 1324 Little Lime ...1605 i < 1620 Pencil cave .. .1620 i i 1640 Big Lime . . .1640 i ( 1700 Big Injun Sand ...1700 i 1 1805 Gantz- Sand ...2025 i 1 2050 Fifty-foot Sand ...2188 1 ( 2210 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 333 Gordon Stray 2225 2305 Gordon Sami (^ns) 2315 2300 Fifth Sand (oil) 2520 252G Total depth 2534 Riglilmirc Well, No. 9. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg- Coal, bottom 510 Elk Lick Coal 710 to 722 Little Dnnkard Sand 1040 “ 10G5 P>ig- Dnnkard Sand 1135 1300 Salt Sand 1335 1G40 Little Lime 1900 1915 Big- Lime 1974 2034 Big- Injun Sand 2034 2130 Berea? 2340 “ 23G5 Fifty-foot Sand 2518 Gordon Stray, bottom 2594 Gordon Sand 2594 2G38 Fifth Sand 2810 ‘‘ 281G Total depth 2830 C. C. Tallman Well, No. 1. Three and one-half miles up Kinchloe Creek, Union district. Au- thority, Hope Natural Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Big Dnnkard Sand 575 to G35 Salt Sand 840 ‘‘ 975 Big Lime 14G5 “ 1545 Big Injun Sand 1545 1G35 Berea 1810 ‘‘ 1835 Fifty-foot Sand (gas, 1985') 19G5 ‘‘ 1990 Stray Sand 2015 2090 Gordon Sand (gas, 2120') 2100 2135 Fifth Sand (gas, 2315') 2310 2320 Total deptli 2385 This well starts near the level of the Pittsburg coal. 3Tie largest gas well in the state, at the present time, is on the farm of Jacob MeConkey near (iood Ilojte, Union district. The derrick floor is about 170 feet below the Pittsburg coal. The well was drilled by the South Penn Oil Company, but is now owned by the Hope Natural Gas Company, of which Glen T. Braden is President, and who gave the Survey the following record and data concerning this remarkable well: 334 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (HARillSON) Jacob McConkey Well, No. 1. feet. Slate, lime and coal (1 Sand, Dunkard Sand (Maxton) (watei Big Lime Big Injim Sand Sand (Fifty-foot) . . . . Stray Sand (liglit gas] Gordon Sand Total depth ‘^Rock pressure, 985 pounds.” Open gate capacity, 20,000,000 feet. Casing — Ten-inch, 197 feet; 8i/4-inch, 924 feet; G%-inch, 1401 Feet. Feet. . 243 to 249 . 300 380 .1165 ( i 1280 .1295 1 ( 1332 .1332 { ( 1375 .1754 1 ( 1800 .1836 .1865 1 i 1875 .1988 ( ( 2030 .2160 2160 This well is in the range of the general uplift of the Woii Summit anticlinal which elevates the Pittsburg coal into the tops of the hills, and creates ideal conditions for the occurrence of large gas wells, since it and the great Chestnut ridge arch appear to approach and merge into one broad dome-like structure as the* latter dies down to moderate proportions, thus creating ideal con- ditions for large gas wells in the region of Harrison and Lewis counties where is probably the greatest gas field ever discovered. Enoch Gaston Well, No. 1. Between West Milford and Lost Creek Postoffices, G-rant district. Authority, Southern Oil Company and Mr. Fred S. Rich. Feet. Feet. Coal (Bakerstown) 212 Sand (Gas) 545 to 610 Sand (Salt) 020 750 Little Lime 1220 Pencil cave None Big Lime 1285 1340 Big Injun Sand 1340 “ 1410 Gantz Sand 1700 1780 Red rock 1944 ‘‘ 1954 Gordon Sand 2015 2030 Fourth Sand 2045 2075 Fifth Sand 2180 2185 Bayaid Sand (little gas, show oil) 2215 ‘‘ 2225 This well begins about 170 feet below the Pittsburg coal. WEST VIIIGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3.1 G. W. Wolf Well, No. 1. West Milford. Authority, United States Oil Company, Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 72 to 75 Coal 164 170 Red rock and white sand 170 200 Lime and white slate 200 300 White sand 300 360 Slate 360 400 Sand 400 450 Red lime 450 500 Slate 500 600 Lime 600 675 Coal 675 678 Lime 678 ‘‘ 700 Slate 700 800 Slate 800 '' 825 Sand, white (water, 880') 825 900 Slate, black 900 950 Sand, dark 950 '' 1000 Sand 1000 1100 Red rock 1100 1200 Sand, white 1200 1300 Lime and Sand (Big Injun) 1300 1500 Slate 1500 1600 Shells, black 1600 1800 ^‘Gas Sand” 1800 1830 White sand (gas) 1830 1900 Shells 1900 2000 Sand 2000 '' 2025 Red rock 2025 2100 Sand (Stray) 2100 2169 Slate 2169 2200 Slate 2169 2200 Slate to Gordon Sand (show) 2200 2300 Slate 2300 2400 Fifth Sand 2460 Stephen Myers Well, No. 1. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 728 to 7.35 Dunkard Sand 1200 1230 Salt Sand 1400 '' 1750 Maxton Sand 2050 2065 Big Lime 2100 2170 Big Injun Sand 2170 2280 Berea Grit (Gantz?) 2500 2526 336 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (HARRISON) Gordon Sand (gas, 2786') 2785 2792 Oil 2787 A. D. Laivson Well, No. 6. . Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 478 to 483 Pig Dunkard Sand 1050 “ 1095 Maxton Sand 1750 1830 Big Lime 1840 ‘‘ 1900 Fifty-foot Sand 2365 “ 2395 Stray Sand 2472 2500 Gordon Sand (gas, 2595') 2585 “ 2625 Fifth Sand 2784 '' 2794 Total depth 2824 A. Mathey Well, No. 3. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 487 to 492 Dunkard Sand ^ 1020 1080 Salt Sand 1468 1500 Maxton Sand 1742 ‘‘ 1845 Rig Lime 1854 1910 Big Injnn Sand 1915 2018 Stray Sand 2470 2565 Gordon Sand 2575 2610 Fifth Sand 2790 2795 Total depth 2814 A. Mathey Well, No. 6. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet Feet Pittsburg Coal 740 to 7413 Little Dunkard Sand 1165 1225 Big Dunkard Sand 1245 1325 Maxton Sand 2035 2055 Big Injnn Sand 2225 2280 Fiftv-foot Sand 2705 “ 2711 Stray Sand (oil, 2815') 2802 2820 A. Coffiudaffer Well, No. 2. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 685 to 690 Big Dnidcard Sand 1310 1360 Maxton Sand 1960 2060 Big Lime 2060 2138 Big Injun Sand 2142 2200 Fifty-foot Sand 2585 ‘‘ 2600 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 337 Stray Sand 2700 2785 Gordon Sand 2795 2835 Fifth Sand 2997 3003 A. Coffindaffer Well, No. 3. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 458 to 463 Dnnkard Sand 948 975 Salt Sand 1445 1465 Maxton Sand 1754 1830 Big Lime 1835 1895 Big Injun Sand 1900 '' 2000 Fifty-foot Sand 2345 '' 2410 Stray Sand 2458 '' 2508 Gordon Sand 2550 2595 Fifth Sand (oil) 2778 '' 2783 F. M. Bailey Well, No. 1. Union District. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Fpt*t Fpflt Pittsburg Coal 645 to 652 Little Dnnkard Sand 1100 1125 Big Dnnkard Sand 1250 ‘‘ 1300 Big Lime 2030 Fifty-foot Sand 2595 2610 Gordon Sand 2720 2755 Fifth Sand 2938 2944 Total depth 3018 Jemima Bailey Well, No. 1. Union District, Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 620 to 626 Gas Sand (water, 1430') 1415 1442 Little Lime 2000 2010 Big Lime 2040 2100 Big Injun Sand 2100 2200 Berea 2420 ‘‘ 2432 Fifty-foot Sand (gas, 2523') 2520 2530 Stray Sand 2596 2615 Gordon Sand (oil, 2688') 2651 2704 ^ Gas 2740 ' Total depth 2977 TAYLOR COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Taylor county lies east from Harrison and directly south from Mfirion. The Chestnut anticlinal enters the county 338 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (TAYLOR) from Southeastern Marion one-half mile below Valley Falls, and passing southwestward through the northwest corner of Taylor near Mead land Postoffice, and Patton Knob enters Harrison, crossing the B. & 0. near Oral, three miles east of Bridgeport. This arch is rapidly dying down in altitude southwestward, but it is still so great that the fissures opened down through the strata by its great fold, has probably permitted the escape of nearly all the natural gas and oil that may once have existed in the underly- ing sand rocks of Taylor, since although some gas and oil occur in every well drilled yet neither has been found in commercial quan- tity. The following well records will exhibit the succession through the Venango Oil Sand series in Taylor county. , Hugh Evans Well, No. 1. Near Pruntytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Friendsyille?) 105 Coal (Bakerstown) 315 to 333 Coal (Arden) 560 '' 570 Salt Sand 891 Big Injun Sand 1333 “ 1454 Sand (Stray? Little gas) 1914 1964 Fourth Sand 2116 2140 Fifth Sand 2206 2211 Red sand 2211 ‘‘ 2266 Sandy Lime 2300 2340 ^Sand (Bayard? Elizabeth?) 2380 ‘‘ 2385 Slate and shells to bottom 2385 2680 The horizon of the Pittsburg coal is about 200 feet above the derrick floor, and hence the well passed through the Venango se- ries from 1914 to 2211, since the stratum Avhich held a “little gas’’ is most probably the representative of the Gordon “Stray”. K L. Reed Well, No. 1. Booth Creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gravel 1 to 25 Sand 25 i ( 75 Red rock and lime 75 ( ( 200 Sand 200 ( ( 250 Black slate 250 ( ( 330 Sand 330 (( 400 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 339 Slate 400 “ 435 Coal (Upper Freeport) 435 “ 440 Slate and shells 440 “ 550 Sand 550 610 Slate 610 630 Sand 630 650 Slate 650 675 Sand (Salt Sand) 675 “ 750 Slate and lime 750 975 Red rock 975 ‘‘ 1130 Lime 1130 1280 Red sand 1280 ‘‘ 1285 Big Injun Sand 1285 “ 1413 Slate 1413 1418 Sand (Squaw) 1418 1430 Red rock 1430 1440 Slate 1440 1780 Fifty-foot? Sand (light gas, 1798') 1780 1825 Slate 1825 1845 Sand 1845 “ 1875 Slate and shells 1875 “ 1935 Red rock and shells 1935 ‘ ^ 2060 Black slate 2060 “ 2162 Fifth Sand (red) 2162 2185 Black slate 2185 2197 Slate and shells 2197 ‘V 2220 Slate 2220 2310 Slate and shells 2310 “ 2330 Slate 2330 2400 Well Two Miles North of Flemington. Authority, Thomas D. Shaffer, Superintendent Mandell Oil & Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Friendsville) 110 to 114 Coal (Bakerstown) 254 260 First Cow Run Sand 260 270 Second Cow Run Sand 307 420 Coal (Upper Freeport) 425 432 Sand (water, 514') 509 540 Coal (Arden) 546 551 Sand 564 585 Coal 585 589 Sand 600 630 Coal 895 899 Red rock 900 '' 1108 Maxton Sand 1108 “ 1120 Big Lime 1265 '' 1350 340 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (TAYLOR) Big Injun Sand (little gas, 1367' and 1420 to 1436') 1360 ( ( 1448 Sand (Gantz) 1712 ( i 1727 Sand 1783 ( ( 1890 Fifth Sand (little gas) 2128 ( ( 2135 Total depth (Dry hole.) 2400 Since the well starts 165 feet under the Pittsburg coal, the sand in which a little gas was found at 2128 to 2135 is possibly the representative of the Fifth Oil Sand of Harrison county. The driller has given the name Second Cow Run Sand to a stratum which belongs at least 350 feet above the true horizon of that stratum. The Plemington Coal Company had a test well drilled near the mines of that company, one mile above Flemington, and the following record of the well was furnished by Mr. James F. Haymond of the Flemington Company. Flemington Coal Co.’s Well, No. 1. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Conductor 13 13 Sand 15 28 Slate 25 53 Limestone 20 73 Red rock 59 132 Limestone 15 147 Slate, light 2$ 167 Limestone 20 187 Red rock 30 217 Limestone (cased 13') 20 237 Limestone 10 247 Sand, white 40 287 Slate, black Coal (Friendsville) 13 300 8 308 Slate, white 5 313 Limestone 7 320 Slate, white 16 336 Limestone 10 346 Slate, white 20 366 Sand 25 391 Slate, black 10 - ' 401 Red rock 35 436 Slate, white 30 466 Limestone 6 472 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 341 Slate, pink 52 524 Slate, white 18 542 Sand, white (Mahoning) 62 604 Limestone 15 619 Slate 35 * 654 Limestone 50 704 Sand 41 745 Limestone 6 751 Sand, Avhite 24 775 Sand, black 30 805 Sand, white 35 840 Slate, black 10 850 Sand, white (Salt Sand, top Pottsville) . . 30 880 Slate 30 ’910 Sand 72 982 Slate, white (cased, 10") 12 994 Sand, white 39 1033 Sand, white 40 1073 Slate, black 50 1123 Limestone, black 12 1135 Sand, white (base Pottsville) 23 1158 Slate 6 1164 Red rock 141 1305 Limestone, sandy 24 1329 Red rock 128 1457 Limestone 6 1463 Red rock 10 1473 Limestone 10 1483 Slate 10 1493 Limestone (Big Lime) 35 1528 Limestone 47 1575 Sand (Big Injun ; gas) 40 1615 Red rock 10 1625 Sand 30 1655 Red rock 15 1670 Sand 40 1710 Slate and shells 60 1770 Sand, broken and shelly 100 1870 Slate and shells 110 1980 Fifty-foot Sand 115 2095 Slate 10 2105 Sand 20 2125 Red rock 15 2140 Sand (Thirty-foot) 30 2170 Red rock 54 2224 Sand (Gordon) 6 2230 Red rock and shells 150 2380 Slate and shells 55 2435 342 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (PRESTON) Sand (Fifth?) (Bayard) 25 2460 Slate 15 2475 Sand and limestone 25 2500 Red rock and shells 50 2550 Limestone and sand 20 2570 Slate and shells to bottom 4491/2 3019^ This well begins only a few feet below the horizon of the Pittsburg coal and hence the measurements given are of much stratigraphic value. All of the Sands appear to be badly “split up” with slate, shales, etc. A little gas was found in the Big Injun Sand, but even that great Sand horizon has largely disap- peared into Limestone, red shales, etc. PRESTON COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Preston county lies east from Taylor and Monongalia, and extending north to the Pennsylvania line and east to Maryland, on the summit of the Alleghanies. Only two deep wells have been drilled in the county. One of these was near Bretz. It began near the Upper Freeport coal, and is reported to have been drilled to a depth of 2,000 feet. No record of it could be obtained, but neither gas nor oil was found. Mr. J. M. Guffey drilled a well at Newburg, near the B. & O. R. R., of which the following record was received from the late Prof. John F. Carll : Newhurg Well. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Sandstone, gray 62 80 Slate and shells, black 50 130 Sandstone, white 40 170 Slate in place of coal (Upper Freeport) ... 20 190 Slate, white and black 120 310 Sandstone, hard and firm. Lower Freeport) 30 340 Slate, white 20 360 Coal, Lower Kittanning 10 370 Slate, white (10" easing, 385') 15 385 Sandstone, gray, very hard 50 435 Slate, soft 40 475 Sandstone, gray 35 510 Slate .■ 10 520 Sandstone, gray, very hard (Pottsville) ... 80 600 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 343 Slate (8" casing, OIG') 15 G15 Sandstone, gray 30 G45 Slate and shale 55 700 Sandstone, gray (base Pottsville) 20 720 Slate and shale 30 750 Red rock 100 850 Slate and shale 30 880 Lime, white 40 920 Red rock 120 1040 Slate and shale 25 10G5 Red rock 20 1075 Slate and shale 35 1110 Lime, dark (Big) GO 1170 Slate, black 5 1175 Sandstone, gray (Big Injun) 118 1293 Slate 10 1303 Red sandstone (6%" easing, 1317') 20 1323 Slate and shale 20 1343 Sandstone, gray 137 1480 Slate and shale 90 1570 Sandstone, gray 20 1590 Slate, soft 10 IGOO Lime 15 1G15 Slate and shale 10 1625 Sandstone, gray (Gantz?) 15 1G40 Slate 10 1650 Sandstone, gray (50-foot'?) 10 1G60 Slate and shale 195 1855 Red rock 180 2035 Slate and shale 10 2045 Red rock 256 2301 Slate and shale 49 2350 Sandstone, gray 30 2380 Slate and shale 624 3004 The W(‘1I starts close to the level of a shaft which goes down through the Up[)er Freeport and Lower Kittanning coals, while the Pittsburg bed caps the summits of the hills 475 feet above the derrick floor. This gives an interval of (1175' -f 475')= 1650 feet from the latter coal to the top of the Big Injun Sand, or 300' to 350' more than the average in Marion and Monongalia, thus showing the eastward incease in thickness of the sediments, largely those (Maueh Chunk) intervening between the base of the Pottsville and the top of the Mountain (“Big”) Limestone. The Catskill beds also exhibit the same tendency to thicken eastward, 344 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (BARBOUR) as shown by the beds struck at 1855' and 2045', respectively. These are the reds which occur just under the “Fifty-foot^’ oil sand, over such a wide area in both Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and whose eastward thickening may have some connection with the disappearance of petroleum from the Venango series, in the midst of which they occur. Owing to this great thickening of the measures, it is impossible to make any close correlation of the lowest 8a7id found in the well at 2,350 feet,, about 2,800 feet be- low the Pittsburg coal, but it would represent one of the deep oil producing sands of the State. BARBOUR COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Barbour county lies directly south from Preston and Taylor, and east from Harrison. It thus extends into the mountainous re- gion of the State at its eastern border where the rocks rise sharply (10° to 20°) along the “foot hills” of the Alleghanies, and hence no oil or gas could be expected in paying quantity at any reason- able depth. However several test wells have been bored within the county, since in all a “showing” of both oil and gas was found when the drill was piercing the Venango Oil Sand Group. About three wells have been drilled in the vicinity of Philippi, largely by the financial aid of local parties, among whom were Hon. A. G. Dayton, Charles P. Teter and others. One of these wells starts on top of the Mahoning sandstone, and its elevation was determined from accurate levels made by Mr. C. McC. Lem- ley, who also obtained a copy of the record from the owners of the well, as follows: Philippi Well, No. 2. Tolberts Run near Philippi. Drilled for the Tygarts Valley Min- eral and Oil Company. Well mouth 1414 feet above tide. Feet. Feet. Soil 0 to 5 Iron ore, limestone, very hard 5 “ 10 Hard sand 10 40 Bine tough slate rock 40 100 Coal, Upper Freeport 100 “ 102 Fine sand or limestone 109 ‘‘ 121 Slate 121 ‘‘ 180 Coal 180 183 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 346 Slate rock . 183 ( c 193 Fine hard sand . 193 i i 208 Coal (Koarin<»' creek, Ai’den) .208 ( ( 212 Slate rock . 212 < ( 232 Hard, close sand (Roaring’ creek) . 232 ( ( 277 (’oal . 277 t ( 284 Hard sand (cased 10" at 301') . 284 ( ( 314 . 314 ( i 354 Hard sand . 354 i i 414 Slate . 414 i ( 419 Dark lime . 419 ( ( 434 Slate . 434 ( ( 444 Hard sand, more water . 444 (( 469 Slate . 469 i i 474 Lime, very hard . 474 i 1 482 Slate . 482 ( ( 582 Hard sand . 582 ( ( 632 Slate and shell . 632 ( ( 672 Hard sand . 672 ( ( 692 Hard lime (cased d\y 8" at 700') . 692 i i 710 Slate rock . 710 ( ( 720 Hard, close sand . 720 ( ( 734 Bright red rock . 734 ( c 774 Limestone, very hard . 774 ( ( 779 Red rock . 779 < < 824 j ard sand . 824 ( ( 864 r.iiidy slate . 804 1 ( 879 Hard, dark sand . 879 < i 924 Red shale . 924 i ( 989 Black shale . 989 ( ( 1029 Hard limestone (Big) .1029 ( ( 1121 Gray, hard Sand (Big Iniun, toj)) .1121 ( ( 1156 Red sand .1156 ( ( 1181 Hard, gray sand .1181 i ( 1199 Hard rock .1199 ( ( 1206 Hard, black lime .1206 ( ( 1231 Close Sand (to bottom of Rig Injun) . . . .1231 ( ( 1256 Shale .1256 ( ( 1286 Pale red rock .1286 i ( 1316 Shale . 1316 1 ( 1376 White sand (Berea?) fresh water, some oil, , 1376 ( ( 1420 Hard sand and limestone .1420 ( ( 1500 Haid, dark sand (0^4^^ casing at 1035') . .1500 { ( 1635 Dark red sand and shales .1635 { i 1935 Dark gray Sand (Gordon) .1935 1 1 1970 Slate, with limestone shells .1970 i ( 2675 Sand, chocolate color .2675 i ( 2725 ‘‘From 2725 no solid formation of any thickness. In one place 346 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (BARBOUR) shells and shales were found. Qnit drilling at a depth of 3,348 feet.’’ A flood of comparatively fresh water was found in the coarse white sand at 1376 feet or 1876 feet below the Pittsburg coal, and with it was a show of oil, which comes up with the flowing (arte- sian) water, and forms an oily scum arond the derrick. This “show of oil” gave some hope for better results farther to the west away from the large anticlinal which passes east from Phil- ippi, and with a view to a more thorough test, the Elk Creek Oil and Gas Company put down a well in 1902 about four miles west from Philippi on the head waters of Elk Creek. The record of this well was very carefully kept for Mr. Lemley since he was connected with the oil company. He determined the tide eleva- tion of the well which starts just under the Crinoidal limestone, and 310 feet below the Pittsburg coal. This record reads as fol- lows : Hall Farm Well. Elevation derrick floor, 1,047.8' above tide. Authority, C. McC. Lemley, Assistant Engineer, B. & O. R. R. Feet. Feet. Soft sand (surface) 0 to 14 Coal (Friendsville) 14 20 Lime, black 20 “ 35 Lime shell 35 “ 55 Lime, red and black 55 75 Red rock and slate 75 “ 90 Light slate and lime 90 100 Sand 100 “ 125 Red rock and sand shell 125 ‘ ‘ 138 Slate, black 138 '' 200 Lime, blue 200 “ 275 Sand, white (Mahoning) 275 “ 280 Sand, black 280 “ 290 Coal (Upper Freeport) 290 “ 295 Sand, black 295 “ 310 Sand, white 310 “ 320 Lime, black 320 “ 335 Lime, black, sandy 335 390 Little Dunkard Sand 390 400 Coal (Philippi) 400 ‘‘ 403 Lime and sand 403 “ 418 Slate, white 418 “ 448 Slate, black (Roaring Creek Coal?) ... . 448 453 Slate, white 453 “ 458 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 347 Sand, white (Roarins^ Creek) Slate, wliite Lime, white fJnn.l . ... 458 510 535 545 ( ( ( { ( ( i { 510 535 545 550 Sand, black . ... 550 ( { 565 Coal .... 565 ( ( 570 Sand, white, pebbly at base . ... 570 ( ( 626 Sliale, brown .... 626 a 650 Coal . ... 650 i ( 652 Slate, white .... 652 a 670 Coal . ... 670 ( ( 672 Slate, white . ... 672 ( ( 685 Sand, dark . . . ' . ... 685 ( ( 725 Slate, black . ... 725 i i 760 Coal . ... 760 ( ( 763 Shale, brown . ... 763 ( ( 786 Lime, black 786 ( ( 806 Sand, white .... 806 ( ( 831 Slate, black . ... 831 ( ( 841 Sand, white (base of Pottsville) .... . ... 841 i i 896 Slate, black . ... 896 ( ( 926 Lime, white . ... 926 t c 931 Slate, black . ... 931 ( ( 941 Red rock and lime f)41 i ( 951 Lime, white . . . . 951 ( ( 991 Ped rock and lime 991 i i 1041 1 eldde sand (Maxton) . , 1041 ( ( 1127 Sand, gray (Maxton) . . . Sand and lime ....1127 1 i 1171 ....1171 ( i 1181 Red rock ....1181 i ( 1196 Slate, black Lime 35' 'j Lime, white ()' | 1 . .. .1196 ( ( 1216 Lime and slate 5' | Lime, black 53' j ^ Big Lime . . . 1216 a 1315 Sand and lime (top Big Injnn) . . ..1315 ( ( 1325 Lime, white i ( 1340 Sand, white ....1340 ( i 1376 Red rock and sand . . . .1376 i i 1386 Lime and sand ....1386 ( i 1426 Lime, black ....1426 i 1 1446 Lime, sand . .. .1446 ( ( 1471 Slate, white ....1471 ( ( 1.511 Lime and sand shale . . . ....1511 ( ( 1.531 Slate ....1531 ( ( 1536 Sand and lime ....1536 ( ( 1586 Slate ....1586 ( ( 1601 Berea? Sand (Gantz) . . ....1601 i ( 1631 348 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (UPSHUR; Lime, black 1631 1656 Sand, white (50-Foot) 1656 1721 Slate, black 1721 1730 Sand 1730 ‘‘ 1750 Lime, black 1750 ‘‘ 1799 Slate 1799 1879 Red rock 1879 1978 Lime 1978 1989 Chocolate (red) shale 1989 2089 Sand, white (Gordon?) 2089 ‘‘ 2114 Slate, black 2114 2169 Sand, hard 2169 2194 Slate, lime and shale to bottom 2194 2594 The red beds struck at 1879 feet in this well correspond to those found at 1635 feet in the Philippi boring, since the Hall well begins about 200 feet higher in the measures than the for- mer. The record of a well drilled farther down Elk Creek in Bar- bour was given the Survey by Mr. Perry Thompson of Fairmont, W. Va. The well was drilled by the Constant Oil Company, and the record is as follows: Cole Farm Well, No. 1. AVell started 100 feet below Pittsburg coal. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded to 400 Dnnkard Sand 90 to 490 Unrecorded to 1000 Salt Sand 50 1050 Limestone shells .... Unrecorded to 1250 Sand (Maxton) 60 1310 Big Lime 75 ‘‘ 1385 Sand (Big Ininn) 120 1505 Unrecorded to 1800 Gantz Sand 10 “ 1810 Slate and shells 40 “ 1850 Fifty-foot Sand to bottom 65 ‘‘ 1915 UPSHUR COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Upshur county lies directly south from Barbour, and is there- fore in the same range of anticlinal folds and pi*oximity to ero- genic disturbance as the latter. Hence no oil pools have yet been developed within the borders of Upshur, although a few test wells WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUIiVEY 349 have been drilled. One t(‘st was made on the Rose farm a short distance north- east from Bnckhannon, and its record is as follows: Rose Farm Well, No. 1. Authority, W. H. Nicholson. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Clay 8 8 Quick sand 5 13 White slate 12 25 Gray lime 20 45 White slate 10 55 Gray lime 10 65 Black slate 20 85 Red rock 20 105 White slate 10 115 Sand with water (Morgantown*?) 15 130 White slate 55 185 Coal 1 186 Black slate 5 191 Gray lime, water 15 206 Black slate 15 221 White lime 30 251 Red rock 6 257 White slate 9 266 Gray sand, water 15 281 White slate 20 301 Sand 35 336 White slate * 15 351 Gray lime (Upper Cambildge'?) 15 366 Red rock 20 386 Wliite slate 10 396 Sand 45 441 Black slate (Bakerstown coal*?) 10 451 Gray lime ’. 13 4(54 Sand (Mahoning) 72 53(5 Lime (probably iireclay) 30 5(56 Sand (Upi)er Mahoning) 15 581 Black slate 10 591 Black lime 20 611 White slate 55 (5(56 Sand (Lowei’ Mahoning) 15 681 Coal and slate, gas, Roaring Creek (Arden) 15 (596 Gray lime 10 706 Lime 50 756 Black slate 39 795 350 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (UPSHUR) Coal and slate 10 805 Salt Sand (little gas) 118 923 Black slate 10 933 Gray lime 15 948 Slate and shells 120 1068 Sand 12 1080 Slate and shells 75 1155 Lime 6 1161 Slate 29 1190 Lime 20 1210 Sand (gas) 8 1218 Slate 5 1223 Sand 17 1240 Slate 35 1275 Sand, base of Salt Sand (Pottsville) 15 1290 Slate 15 1305 Red rock 35 1340 Lime 20 1360 Sand 30 1390 Lime 40 1430 Slate 15 1445 Red rock 40 1485 Black slate and shells 30 1515 White lime (Big) 65 1580 Brown lime, with black ") lubricating oil . . 50' | White lime .25' 1- Black sand .20' Big Injun. . 180 1760 Red rock . 5' White sand .80' J White lime . 20 1780 Slate, black and soft . . . 5 1785 White sand, hard . 25 1810 Black slate . 3 1813 Sand, white, hard . 30 1843 Slate, black, soft . . 5 1848 White sand ..... . 12 1860 Hard, Idack sand . 80 1940 Soft black slate . . 45 1985 Red rock . 3 1988 Soft, dark gray sand. .40' 1 Soft white sand . . . ....17 / j Gantz Slate shells ....25 j- and 107 2095 Hard gray sand... 18' \ bO-Foot Soft white sand . . . ... r 1 ) Slate . 10 2105 Red sand . 107 2212 Hard gray sand . . . 25 2237 WEST VIKGCNIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 351 Black slate 23 2260 llanl gray sand 15 2275 Bed rock and shells 15 2290 Slate 25 2315 Good white sand 20 2335 l^rown sand and red sand 50 2385 Black slate 15 2400 White slate 97 2497 Some oil and g’as ‘ ‘ shows ’ ’ were found at several horizons in this well, but nothing in commercial quantity. The Big Injun Sand appears to have been struck at 1580 feet where it has be- come quite limy and held some dark heavy oil. The Pittsburg coal probably belongs about 100 feet above the level of the der- rick floor. George Burner Well, No. 1. Near the West Virginia and Pittsburg R. R. Station, Sago. Au- thority, D. P. Bailey, Manager of the Citizens’ Natural Gas Com- pany. Derrick floor about 1435 feet above tide. Feet. Feet. Soil 0 to 16 Lime, white 16 22 Slate or shale, black '22 37 Lime, white 37 41 Coal and slate 41 50 Lime, white 50 100 Sand, white 100 117 Lime, brown 117 121 Sand and lime, white and hard 121 ‘‘ 190 Slate, black 190 '' 207 Slate and sand, black 207 244 Lime, white 244 ‘‘ 255 Slate, black, hard 255 371 Sand, white, fine 371 391 Lime, white 391 400 Sand, white, fine and hard 400 ‘‘ 476 Slate, black 476 587 Lime, lirown and hard 587 697 Slate, black 697 712 Coal and slate 712 716 Slate, black 716 '' 726 Sand, white, base Pottsville 726 800 Red shale, light 800 840 Lime, hard and white 840 924 Sand, white and hard 924 955 Shale, red 955 '' 1023 352 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (UPSHUR) Slate, black, hard 1023 1031 Lime, white 1031 ‘‘ 1046 Shale, black, hard 1046 1054 Lime, whitish 1054 1078 Shale, red 1078 ‘‘ 1098 Big Lime, white, hard 1098 1190 Sand, white, hard. 22' ) Sand, red, light. . . 12' > Big Injun.. 1190 1360 Sand, white 136' ) Slate, black, sandy 1360 1374 Sand, white 1374 1410 Slate, light 1410 1430 Sand, white 1430 ^ ‘ 1510 Lime, white 1510 1520 Red rock 1520 1684 Sand 1684 1703 Red rock 1703 1744 Slate 1744 ‘‘ 1770 Sand and shale (water) 1770 1705 Red rock 1795 1825 Sand 1825 1834 Slate, black 1834 1866 Lime, white 1866 1878 Slate 1878 1884 Lime, white 1884 ‘ ‘ 1900 Slate 1900 1927 Sand, stray, light (little gas) 1927 1933 Slate 1933 1940 Slate, sandy, light 1940 1965 Slate 1965 1980 Sand 1980 ‘‘ 2000 Slate, black 2000 2025 Bottom of well measured with steel line. “In five foot slaty sand a showing of gas was visible, and a small quantity is yet flowing around the plug. Probably enough to supply a dozen fires. In the Big Injun Sand (1190 to 1360) a showing of something resembling asphalt was found.’’ This well begins about fifteen feet below the Roaring Creek Coal, and 175 feet below the Upper Freeport seam which here underlies the Pittsburg coal bed by about 700 feet, thus giving an interval of 1890 feet between the latter stratum and the Big Injun Sand, the horizon of wdiich is so unmistakable in the rec-. ord. The well begins on the immediate top of the great Roaring Creek Sandstone which forms the line of immense pebbly dill's WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 353 from tliis point to the head of the Buckhannon river, and which Mr. David White of the United States Geological Survey corre- lates with the top of the Pottsville formation. The thick asphal- tic-like oil found in the Big Injun Sand is evidence that the strata are so fissured in this eastern region close to the mountain uplifts, that practically all of the volatile hydro-carbons have es- caped. The little gas still imprisoned in these beds was struck at 1927 feet and is in the Venango series. It is possible that the western portion of Upshur may hold oil and gas in commercial quantity when tested still further. LEWIS COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Lewis county lies directly west from Upshur and south from Harrison, and hence is far enough removed from the great anti- clinals which traverse Preston, Barbour and Upshur to lie within the zone of low arches, and gentle dips so that its strata have re- mained unfractured and its hydrocarbons still imprisoned, ex- cept as they have been extravagantly wasted by man ’s negligence. Several of the largest wells in the state have each been permitted to blow 10 to 20 millions of cubic feet of natural gas into the air daily from Lewis county, for months at a time, before their own- ers could be induced to shut them in and prevent this frightful waste. Such inexcusable methods in operating for oil and gas call loudly for effective legislative action in order to preserve for productive purposes the great wealth of gaseous fuel with which Lewis and adjoining counties have been dowered. The effect of structure upon the presence of oil and gas in commercial quantity is finely illustrated in Lewis county. In Monongalia, Marion, Taylor and Harrison no gas or oil pools have been found east of the Chestnut Ridge anticlinal, or even very close to its western slopes. But this arch which is so great in Payette county, Pennsylvania, (immediately north from Mon- ongalia) that it brings the Hamilton beds of the Devonian into the top of the mountain with dips of 25r° to 30° rapidly flattens down southwestward, so that at the Cheat river in Monongalia, it elevates the Gantz Sand only to water level, while at the Valley river where its crest passes into Taylor county near Valley Palls, 354 OIL AND GAB WELL REOOKDS (LEWIS) only the upper half of the Poth vllle formation is brought to the surface. This flattening of the Chestnut Ridge arch continues south westward through Harrison county, and when the swell reaches the West Fork river in Lewis cor ity, at the old Jackson Mill, three miles below Weston, only the top of the Mahoning sandstone rises to the surface on its crest, and then for the first time we find prolific oil and gas fields passing over and east of this well marked structural zone. This approach of the productive oil and gas pools to and across this anticlinal, pari passu, with its decline, and the disap- pearance of sharp folding over its crest, lends much force to the conclusion that structure is a prime factor in the accumulation, as well as the preservation of natural gas and petroleum in com- mercial quantities. The first well to obtain oil in Lewis county was one drilled in 1894 by the South Penn Oil Compnay on the farm of John Rastle, near the head of Fink creek, not far from the Doddridge county line. The well was small, as was also others drilled near it, so that not much development took place in the county until several years later when a well on the Camden farm, Polk creek, four miles west from Weston, was drilled into the Big Injun Sand by Mr. Fred S. Rich and the Southern Oil Company. This well when deep in the sand struck a rich pocket of oil, and be- gan to flow at the rate of 500 barrels daily. It declined rapidly to a few barrels daily, and no other large wells were found in the region. It served the purpose, however, of attracting the at- tention of the oil fraternity to Lewis county, and soon led to the drilling of test wells in other portions of the county, as well as in the immediate vicinity of Weston, so that many large gas wells and some good oil pools were soon thereafter developed. The first large gas well in Lewis county was drilled by the Federal Oil Company on the Woodford farm, two miles below Weston, and one mile above where the Chestnut Ridge arch crosses the West Fork river. The record of this well reads as follows: Woodford Well, No. 1. Authority, Federal Oil Company. Conductor Feet. Feet. IG WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 355 Coal 135 to 141 Coal 380 “ 388 Sand (gas and water) 400 480 Lime and hard slate 560 Sand, hard, bottom Salt Sand 780 960 Slate and lime 960 1000 Red rock 1000 “ 1010 Slate 1010 1100 Shells, hard 1100 1130 Red and black slate 1130 Hard lime 1290 Big Lime 1320 1370 Keener Sand 1370 1380 Big Injim Sand 1380 1460 Slate and shells 1680 Gantz Sand (little gas) 1680 1700 Slate and shells 1700 ‘‘ 1790 Fifty-foot Sand 1790 1805 Gordon Sand 1880 1900 Red rock 1930 1935 Sand and little gas 2000 Sand 2036 2056 Slate 2056 ‘‘ 2127 Fifth Sand (gas) 2127 2142 ‘‘Good gas well from “Fifth’’ Sand.” 3’he following partial record of the gas well which supplies fuel to the Ilosi)ital for the Insane at Weston has been given the Survey by Dr. A. II. Kunst, the Superintendent. The well starts about 20 feet below an opening in the Pittsburg coal on the Asylum farm and its record is as follows: Weston Asylum Well, No. 1. Authority, Ilatzel and Wilson, Contractors. Feet. Feet. Gray sand 940 Slate ; 950 Lime 965 Slate and shells 1085 Lime 1095 Salt Sand (show of oil) 1244 Black slate 1274 Lime 1299 White slate 1339 Red rock 1442 Sand 1462 Red rock 1542 Dark sand 1570 366 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (LEWIS ; Little Lime 1605 Pencil cave 1615 Big Lime 1680 Big Injun Sand (show of oil) 1843 Slate 1883 Sand 1015 Slate and shells 2051 Gas Sand (Gantz) 2066 to 2086 Slate to bottom 2112 This gas sand here would appear to be identical with the oil sand in the Fink pool along the northwestern line of Lewis. The following is the record of the Camden well already re- fered to, the coming in of which created so much interest in Lewis county’s oil possibilities: • 8. D. Camden Well, No. 1. About four miles from Weston, Freemans creek district. Au- thority, Fred S. Rich. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 Rock 8 to 24 Blue sand and lime 16 40 Red rock 25 65 Lime and slate 30 95 Red rock 35 130 Slate 35 165 Lime 10 175 Sand (water at 180') 25 200 Coal (Bakerstown) 5 205 Slate 25 '' 230 Lime and sand (water and gas at 300') ... 70 300 Break (slate) 5 305 Sand 45 '' 350 Slate 20 370 Sand 80 450 Black slate 20 470 Sand 130 '' 600 Black shale 30 630 Sand (water at 650') 40 670 Cave,, black 80 750 Sand 40 '' 790 Slate 30 '' 820 Lime 20 804 Slate 45 '' 885 Sand (strong gas, 1030 to 1050') 165 1050 Break (slate) 15 '' 1065 Sand (base of Pottsville) 85 1150 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 357 Red rock Sand (Maxtoii? Oil, 10 to 15-baiTel well) Slate Red rock Sand Big Lime Sand and lime White lime Quit in lime at 1483'; Sand (oil) Fifth Sand (Bayard?) Total depth of well 20 it 1170 38 1 ( 1208 22 <( 1230 20 (( 1250 50 (t 1300 110 ( i 1410 ..10 i i 1420 50 ( ( 1470 13 (C 1483 2240 (( 2262 2262 “Estimated production from 1483 feet, about 3000 barrels. After oil was exhausted, the well was drilled to the Fifth Sand and a test taken in April, 1902, showed a volume of 2,800,000 feet of gas.” The Pittsburg coal occurs in the hills here about 200 feet above the derrick floor and this in connection with the record of the well shows that the pocket of oil really occurs near the bot- tom of the Big Injun Sand, although it has become quite limy in this region. Whether the sand with oil at 1,170 represents the Maxton horizon, or the one at 1,250, is uncertain, but more probably the former. The same parties drilled a well at Camden Postoffice, begin- ning 20 feet above the Pittsburg coal. This record is an im- portant one, and reads as follows: D. Casio Well, No. 1. Near Camden Postoffice. Authority, Southern Oil Company and Mr. Eich. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 20 Little Lime 1500 Big Lime 1520 to 1675 Big Injun Sand 1675 “ 1755 Gordon Sand (gas, 2226 to 2232') 2212 2292 Fifth Sand (Bayard ?) 2451 ^ ^ 2455 Did 8,000,000 feet from Gordon while drilling through. This record shows that the interval from the Pittsburg coal to what the drillers regard as the Big Injun Sand has thickened to 1,655 feet, and that the sand called the Fifth in the Weston region lies2,431 feet below the Pittsburg coal, or about the horizon 358 OIL AND GAS WELL KEOORDS (LEWIS) of the Bayard Sand of Marion, Monongalia and Greene (Pa.) counties. It is j)ossible tliat the thickening up of the measures shown by the ‘‘Big Lime” would make this great gas sand of the Weston region the same as tlie Fifth Oil Sand of Harrison county. J. B. Lovett Well, No. 1. Freeniansburg Postoffice, five miles northwest of Weston, Free- mans creek district. Authority, Southern Oil Company and Fred S. Rich. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 780 Big Lime 1235 Big Injun Sand .' 1318 Gantz Sand 1808 Gordon Stray 1870 Gordon Sand 1900 Fifth Sand (gas) 2100 Total depth Feet. to 1420 ‘‘ 18G0 ‘ ' 1880 ‘‘ 1950 2115 2130 William Winans Well, No. 1. Freeniansburg Postoffice, Freemans creek district. Authority, Southen Oil Company and Fred S. Rich. Feet. Feet. Redstone Coal 150 Pittsburg Coal 180 Maxton? Sand 1475 to 1490 Little Lime 1670 ( i 1680 Pencil cave 1680 ( < 1690 Big Lime 1690 (C 1800 Big Injun Sand 1800 (( 1900 Gordon Sand 2315 ( t 2395 Fifth Sand 2536 { ( 2558 Total depth 2558 ‘‘Brown sand and pebble top of Fifth Sand, sand close, hard and glassy. ’ ’ The sand which the driller has called the ‘ ‘ IMaxton ’ ’ in this record is evidently a portion of the Salt Sand (Pottsville) nearly 100 feet above the one doubtfully referred to the Maxton horizon in the S. D. Camden well. This record also shows the presence of the Redstone coal above the Pittsburg, a frequent occurrence in Lewis, Harrison and Barbour counties. A well drilled on the J. S. Norris farm, in northwestern Lewis, although not the deepest in the county, shows the highest WEST VJ lUifMA. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 350 “rock pressure” of awy well in the State at the present time, according to Glen T. Braden, President of the Hope Natural Gas Company, who gave the Survey the following record of the well : J. 8. Norris Well, No. 1. k Feet. Feet. Little Dimkard Sand Big Diinkard 340 to 390 Salt Sand 750 (( 830 Big Lime 1300 i t 1370 Big Injun Sand 1370 1460 Gantz Sand (gas) 1630 i 1 1675 Casing, 10 -inch, 327 feet; 8 y 2 -inch, 810 feet; 6 %-inch, 1408 feet. “Rock pressure, 1,125 pounds.” This well is an exception to any other ever recorded in West Virginia or Pennsylvania (of which the writer has knowl- edge), in that it gives a greater rock pressure than can be ac- counted for by its depth and the weight of a column of salt water calculated at 45 pounds pressure for every 100 feet, which is about the average weight of the briny waters found in oil sands per square inch for each 100 feet of depth. Applying these figures to the Norris well with a depth of say 1,650 'feet to the “pay” streak, gives 45Xl6y2=742i/^ pounds, as the total rock pressure of this well, which could be accounted for if the c'olumn of water back of it* would just rise to the level of the derrick floor, thus leaving nearly 372 pounds unaccounted for, or an equivalent of 828 feet in depth. But how do we know that if water had been struck in this well it would not rise in a pipe to this height above the derrick floor? The surface of the ground where the well starts is only about 1,000 feet above tide, .and it is possible that the source of the water (if water is the cause of pressure) may be at that elevation, since the nearest and lowest point where the stratum in question emerges above water level is in the gap of Valley river through Rich and Big Laurel Mountains below Elkins, and curiously enough the eleva- tion of the water is there 1,825 to 1850 feet A. T. Then, too, this is the same geological horizon which gave the great flow of artesian water at Philippi, Barbour county, at 1,414 A. T., re- ferred to amon^ the Barbour county well records on a preceding 360 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOEDS (LEWIS) pag(e, and it is possible that if the supply from the Philippi well could be conducted into a closed pipe, it would rise to a height of 400 to 500 feet more before stopping. Hence, it is not alto- gether certain that the recorded pressure in the J. S. Norris well breaks down^entirely the theory that oil and gas well pressures are due to water. This Norris well is near the southwestward extension of the Wolf Summitt anticlinal, and the Pittsburg coal is approximately 200 feet above the derrick floor. In the northwestern portion of Lewis county and close to the Doddridge county line many small oil wells have been found along the headwaters of Fink creek and its tributaries. The sand is sometimes called the Gantz and sometimes the Fifty-foot by the oil fraternity, and it is possibly identical with the one ’called “Berea” in Calhoun county. The records which follow will speak for themselves as to its geological horizon: Theresa Gum Well, No. 2. Three miles northwest of Churchville, Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 652 to 659 Little Dunkard Sand 1110 “ 1175 BigDunkard Sand 1210 “ 1245 Gas Sand 1446 “ 1486 Salt Sand 1530 “ 1610 Maxton Sand 1860 “ 1870 Big Lime 2100 “ 2145 Keener Sand 2145 “ 2150 Big Injnn Sand 2150 “ 2275 Gantz Sand (oil, 2470') 2458 “ 2479 Total depth 2481 (Forty-five-barrel well.) Theresa Gum Well, No. 3. Three miles northwest of Churchville. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 687 to 692 Little Dunkard Sand 1120 ( ( 1180 Big Dunkard Sand 1230 u 1245 Gas Sand 1465 ( ( 1500 Salt Sand 1550 ct 1630 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 3C1 ]\Taxton Sand 1880 ( c 1800 Little Ijime 2030 ( ( 2090 Bie: Lime 2110 ( < 2180 Bii*’ Injun Sand 2190 ( ( 2260 Gantz Sand (oil, 2516') 2504 ( { 2529 Total depth 2531 Grant Gum Well, No. 2. Two miles south of Coldwater, Freemans creek district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Big’ Dunkard Sand 1015 to 1020 Salt Sand 1350 n 1475 Maxton Sand 1675 ( ( 1690 Big Lime 1920 ( ( 1985 Big Injim Sand 1985 li 2053 Gantz Sand (oil, 2308') . . . . 2296 i c 2316 (Thirty-barrel well.) Pat Walsh Well, No. 3. Two and one-half miles south of Coldwater, Freemans creek dis- trict. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 670 to 677 Little Dunkard Sand 1010 ( ( 1175 Big Dunkard Sand 1210 i i 1245 Gas Sand 1450 1 1 1475 Salt Sand . i 1540 1 i 1600 Maxton Sand 1875 ( ( 1880 Little Lime 2050 i ( 2075 Pencil cave 2103 u 2110 Big Lime 2110 (( 2160 Keener Sand 2160 li 2165 Big Injun Sand 2165 ( 1 2290 Gantz Sand (oil, 2491') 2481 n 2504 Total depth 2506 (Fifty-barrel well.) M. A. Fahey Well, No. 3. Two miles south of Coldwater, Freemans creek district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Coal, Pittsburg 542 to 547 Dunkard Sand 975 1 ( 1045 Salt Sand 1390 ( 1 1411 Maxton Sand 1715 i i 1745 Little Lime 1860 i 1 1890 Big Lime 1955 1 i 2006 3G2 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (LEWIS) Injun Sand 2006 '' 2140 Gantz Sand (oil, 2353') 2344 2370 Total depth 2371 Michael Fahey Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 760 Dunkard Sand 1290 Salt Sand 17cS5 Big Lime 2160 Big Injun Sand 2220 Gantz Sand 2543 Patrick Faherty Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. to ( ( Feet. 765 1365 1850 2220 2380 2562 Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 695 to 700 Dunkard Sand 1220 a 1300 Salt Sand 1775 ( { 1850 Big Lime 2120 a 2175 Big Injun Sand 2180 (( 2335 Gantz Sand 2490 i( 2510 Thirty-foot 2700 i t 2720 Gordon Sand 2800 It 2815 Fifth Sand 3027 It 3033 A. F. Gooden Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 336 to 340 Big Dunkard Sand 850 1 1 890 Gas Sand 1100 1 1 1150 Salt Sand 1220 tt 1340 Keener Sand 1875 tt 1895 Big Injun Sand 1895 1 1 2050 Gantz'Sand 2190 C. K. Gibson Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company, Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 570 to 578 Cave 980 Little Dunkard Sand 1065 1 1 1090 Big Dunkard Sand 1130 1 1 1175 Salt Sand 1505 tt 1880 Red rock 1976 Big Lime 2040 1 1 2085 Big Injun Sand 2085 1 1 2190 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 3g;v Gnntz Sand (i?as, 2438') 2437 Total (lei)th . 2452 Mary E. Hall Well, No. 2. Froenians creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 300 to 308 Dunkard Sand 900 it 950 Gas Sand ..1210 a 1280 Maxton Sand 1420 { i 1430 Big Injun Sand 1800 it 1920 Gantz Sand (oil, 2155') 2145 i { 2175 Total depth 2177 W. H. Hurst Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 554 to 560 Big Dunkard Sand 1100 a 1145 Gas Sand 1360 t i 1380 . Salt Sand 1480 a 1550 Maxton Sand 1725 a 1740 Big Injun Sand 2040 { i 2150 Gantz Sand 2404 it 2420 Emma Jones Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 575 to 581 Big Dunkard Sand 1000 it 1050 Salt Sand 1550 { { 1650 Maxton Sand 1700 { i 1750 Big Dime 1975 i t 2050 Big Injun Sand 2080 a 2180 Gantz Sand (oil, 2423') 2422 it 2447 Total depth 2490 Timothy Joyce Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. First Coal (Washington) . 82 to 85 Pittsburg Coal 650 i c 657 Salt Sand 1361 it 1440 Big Lime 2040 i i 2120 Big Injun Sand 2120 i i 2200 Gantz Sand (oil, 2451') .... Total depth 2451 1 1 2471 2474 364 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (LEWIS) Joseph Krenn Well, No. 3. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Washington Coal . . 150 to 155 Dunkard Sand .... 1260 ii 1320 Salt Sand 1650 1 1 1675 Big Injnn Sand . . . . 2205 tt 2330 Gantz Sand 2572 ( ( 2596 Gordon Sand 2893 (t 2897 Fifth Sand 3023 Total depth 3058 S. P. Leggett Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 224 to 230 Little Dunkard . . . . 680 it 720 Big Dunkard 765 a 825 Gas Sand 1100 tt 1113 Salt Sand 1118 i t 1134 Little Lime 1658 it 1673 Pencil cave 1673 t i 1683 Big Lime 1700 tt 1715 Big Injun Sand . . . . 1715 it 1860 Gantz Sand 2104 it 2124 Gordon Sand 2414 tt 2421 Total depth 2680 M. J. Lovett Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 240 to 245 Dunkard Sand 780 ( i 825 Salt Sand 1105 it 1135 Big Lime 1677 it 1735 Big Injun Sand 1735 it 1835 Gantz Sand 2102 i i 2110 Slate to bottom . . . . 2110 it 2690 J. R. J.owther Well, No. 2. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 535 to 542 Salt Sand 1450 i t 1550 Big Lime 1940 it 2000 Big Injun Sand 2000 it 2060 Gantz Sand (oil, 2390') 2380 it 2400 Total depth 2410 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 365 M. C. Marsh Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 445 to 451 Big Dimkard . 900 a 925 Gas Sand .1225 (( 1290 Salt Sand .1325 (( 1355 Maxton? Sand .1570 1600 Pencil cave .1895 t ( 1905 Big Lime .1905 a 1955 Big Injim Sand .1955 ( ( 2075 Gantz Sand (gas, 2312') .2299 ( ( 2319 Maxwell Heirs’ Well, No. 9. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. • Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 545 to 550 Dunkard Sand .1115 t { 1200 Salt Sand .1450 i ( 1525 Maxton Sand .1700 i t 1780 Big Lime .2000 it 2050 Big Injun Sand .2050 a 2180 Gantz Sand (gas, 2376 to 2386') .2375 it 2392 Slate to bottom .2392 it 2395 Leopold Stadler Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 450 10 455 Big Dunkard Sand . 965 t i 985 Gas Sand .1245 it 1290 Salt Sand .1300 it 1350 Little Lime .1820 1 1 1970 Big Lime .1880 t i 1950 Big Injun Sand a 2070 Gantz Sand (oil, 2290') .2285 it 2311 Total depth 2316 J. C. 8 tardier Well, No. 2. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 656 to 662 Big Dunkard Sand .1150 i t 1175 Gas Sand .1310 it 1410 Salt Sand .1535 i t 1685 Keener Sand .1965 it 1985 Big Injun Sand .2010 i i 2110 Gantz Sand (oil, 2511') .2501 i i 2535 366 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (LEWIS) Mary Albers Well, No. 1. Lewis and Doddridge counties, Freemans creek district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittshiirg Coal 306 to 313 Little Dunkard Sand 775 { ( 800 Big Dunkard Sand 825 ti 850 Gas Sand 1060 ( i 1070 Salt Sand 1155 11 1200 Sand 1422 ( ( 1447 Sand ..1500 n 1520 Little Lime 1673 Cl 1708 Pencil cave 1708 1 1 1714 Big Lime (gas, ITSCK) 1738 Cl 1802- Big Injun Sand •. 1808 Cl 1906 Gantz Sand (oil) Total depth 2154 c c 2180 2185 Mary Albers Well, No. 2. Freemans creek district, Lewis and Doddridge counties. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal Feet. .. 551 to Feet. 556 Little Dunkard Sand ..1005 c c 1050 Big Dunkard Sand ..1070 C 1 1205 Salt Sand ..1415 c c 1455 Maxtonf Sand ..1550 Cl 1630 Pencil cave ..1995 Cl 2000 Big Lime ..2025 Cl 2060 Big Injun Sand ..2060 c c 2180 Gantz Sand (oil, 2410'; water, 2415').. ..2405 1 c 2430 G. A. Brown Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal Feet. . . 655 to Feet. 660 Big Dunkard Sand ..1090 c c 1155 Salt Sand ..1520 c c 1615 Big Lime ..2108 Cl 2150 ' Big Injun Sand (show oil, 2154') ..2150 C i 2300 Gantz Sand ..2468 c c 2490 Stray Sand . .2680 Cl 2695 Gordon Sand ..2780 Cl 2794 Fifth Sand ..2975 Cl 2976 Total depth 3088 WEST VIEGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY 3G7 Dennis Conroy Well, No. 4. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet, Pittsburs^ Coal 450 to 455 Dimkard Sand 960 1000 Pig Lime 1850 1925 Keener Sand 1925 1950 Big Injiin Sand 1950 2000 Gantz Sand (oil, 2290') 2280 '' 2300 John Casey Well, No. 1. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Dimkard Sand 425 to 480 Gas Sand 590 640 Salt Sand 790 930 Sand 1230 '' 1260 Maxton Sand (gas, 1422') 1420 1440 Little Lime 1440 1450 Pencil cave 1450 “ 1460 Big Lime 1460 1560 Big Injun Sand 1560 “ 1670 Stray Sand 2195 2224 Gordon Sand 2224 2236 Fifth Sand (gas, 2410') 2410 '' 2435 Cottrill Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Mineral Postoffice, Freemans creek district. Authority, Southern Oil Company and Fred S. Rich. Feet. Feet, Pittsburg Coal . . 176 Little Lime ..1610 Big Lime ..1658 Big Injun Sand . .1700 to 1850 Sand ..2060 Gantz Sand ..2005 Gordon Stray ..2200 Gordon Sand ..2276 i { 2330 Fifth Sand (gas, 2515') . .2498 { ( 2612 John Leyden Well, No. 2. Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil . Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal , . 610 to 615 Big Dimkard Sand ..1110 < i 1170 Salt Sand ..1675 ( ( 1735 Big Lime 2105 368 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (LEWIS> Big Injun Sand 2105 < < 2260 Gantz Sand 2412 ( i 2430 Thirty-foot Sand 2620 ( i 2650 Gordon Sand 2725 ( 1 2735 Fifth Sand Total depth 2915 i ( 2920 3010 Brent Maxwell Well, No. 3. Two miles west of Benson, Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Coal (Washington) Feet. 251 Feet. Coal (Waynesburg?) 525 to 535 Pittsburg Coal 819 ( ( 924 Little Dunkard Sand 1250 ( { 1303 Big Dunkard Sand 1335 ( 1 1365 Gas Sand 1500 (( 1665 Maxton Sand 2125 ( ( 2155 Little Lime 2180 ( ( 2195 Big Lime 2227 ( ( 2280 Big Injun Sand Gas at 2309' and 2315'. 2290 (( 2346 (Gas well.) Ellen Joyce Well, No. 1. Two miles east of south of Coldwater, Freemans creek district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal S20 to 826 Uunkard Sand 1340 1380 Salt Sand 1620 1710 Maxton Sand 2020 2040 Big Lime 2250 2325 Big Injun Sand 2325 2405 Gantz Sand (gas, 2625 to 2631') 2619 2637 Total depth 2640 One of the most remarkable oil wells the State has ever produced was drilled by the South Penn Oil Company in 1900, on the land of John Copley, about ten miles southwest from Weston. As the venture was a test or “wild cat” well, many miles from pipe line connections no provision had been made for taking care of any large production. But when the drill entered the “pay” streak in what was called the “Gordon” Sand the oil immediately began to flow, and the well “drilling itself in” WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3r>o increased its How to what was ('stiniatvd at 6, ()()() barrels daily, thus making- it the largest well evei‘ struck in the StatA*. The oil Avent down Sand Fork creek (wliich was low at the time) in a great flood and many thousands of barrels were wasted before the prdouction declined or could be controlled. Much oil was saved by damming Sand Fork creek. The production of the well rapidly declined, however, and no other well approaching it in size was found in the region, although many wells of good size were drilled. The record of the John Copley well reads as follows: John Copley Well, No. 1. Sand Fork region. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 250 Dimkard Sand 850 to 010 Salt Sand 1040 i i 1400 Pencil cave 1805 i i 1020 Big Injun Sand .1075 i i 2200 Strav Sand 2000 i i 2020 Gordon Sand 2020 ( i 2045 The coal struck at 250 feet is identitied by the drillers with the Pittsburg coal, and if this det(‘rmi nation is right (and there is no reason for doubting its coraAMdm^ss) then the depth to the Gordon Sand (2,370 feet) would reveal a considerable thick- ening of the measures southw('stward from Weston. The following are other records from the Sand Fork oil region : M. Copley’s Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Court House distinct. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 140 Pencil cave to 1800 Rig Lime 1800 i ( 1805 Big Iniuu Sand 18})5 i i 2025 Stray Sand 2524 Gordon Sand (oil) 2530 Parr Mullady Well No. 11. Court House district. Authority, South lAnn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. 187 1785 to 1835 Thftsburg Coal Big Lime . . . , 370 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOliDS (LEWIS) Big’ Injun Sand 1892 ‘‘ 2075 Stray Sand 2545 2549 Gordon Sand (gas, 2561') 2556 “ 2565. Fifth Sand (oil, 2727') 2726 2732 Total depth 2761 Hero we find another productive zone at 170 feet below the top of the Gordon Sand. If the coal of this section and the pre- vious ones should prove to he the Wayneshurg, instead of the Pittsburg, as it is called by the oil fraternity, then the thickness of the measures would be about the same in the Sand Fork region as at Weston. B. F. Clayton Well, No. 1. Court House district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 345 to 348 Dunkard Sand 910 1000 Big Injun Sand ...2105 ‘‘ 2400 Stray Sand 2734 2742 Gordon Sand (oil, 2759') 2755 2765 Fifth Sand 2929 2932 James Murphy Well, No. 2. One mile and a half southwest of Bealls Mills, Court House dis- trict. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 580 to 583 Little Dunkard Sand 1015 1030 Coal 1105 1107 Big Dunkard Sand 1189 '' 1234 Salt Sand 1840 1905 Big Lime 2200 2280 Big Injun Sand (little gas, 2400') 2280 2450 Stray Sand (gas and oil, 2887') 2886 2892 Gordon (dry) 2904 2910 Fifth Sand (shell) dry 3070 Total depth 3127 “Sliot with 20 quails at 2,857 feet. Filled up 50 feet with oil from Stray 24 hours after shot.” 1. N. Means Well, No. 1. One mile and a half southwest of Bealls Mills, Court House dis- trict. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 525 to 528 Coal 1095 i ( 1105 Salt Sand 1375 i ( 1540 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 371 Maxtoii Sand ( ( 1985 Little Lime 2165 i i 2190 Bis;’ Lime 2212 i ( 2280 Bis;’ Injun Sand (show oil, 2320'; o-as, " 2385') 2288 ( i 2508 Stray Sand (show oil,' 2895') 2895 C ( 290] Gordon Sand 2913 C i 2920 Fifth Sand 3075 i i 3078 Total depth 3097 G. TV^ McCutcheon Well, No. 6. One mile southwest of Bealls Mills, Court House district. Author- ity, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 515 to 518 Dimkard Sand 1060 i < 1090 Salt Sand 1400 ( i 1560 Maxton Sand • 1920 ( ( 2005 Big Lime 2220 i ( 2319 Big Injnn Sand 2319 ( ( 2470 Stray (oil, 2878') 2877 ( ( 2885 Gas in Gordon Sand 2899 i 1 2900 Total depth 2915 Beall Tleirs’ Well, No, 1. Bealls Mills Postolhce, Court House district. Authority, Southern Oil Company and Fred S. Rich. Near Fred Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 460 Little Dnnkard Sand . 700 to 745 Big Dnnkard Sand . 990 < ( 1020 Salt Sand . 1500 i ( 1715 Maxton Sand .1730 ( 1 1745 Big Tjime .2020 < ( 2125 Big Injun Sand .2125 ( c 2245 Red rock .2635 Gordon Stray .2655 ( c 2675 Goi’don Sand (oil, 2755') .2745 i 1 2760 Fifth Sand .2940 2942 Total depth 2956 J. C. Collins Well, No. 1. Bealls Mills Postoffice, Court House district. Authority, 8 . Rich. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 530 ♦ Big Dnnkard Sand , .1010 to 1070 Salt Sand , , .1110 (, ( 1190 372 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (LEWIS) Little Lime 2110 2125 Pencil cave 2125 2140 Big Lime 2140 2250 Big Injun Sand 2250 2400 Gordon Stray 2794 2811 Gordon Sand 2826 2835 Fifth Sand 3010 3017 Total depth 3032 (Dry hole.) J. C. Collins Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg’ Coal 600 Big Dnnkard Sand 1160 Salt Sand 1465 Little Lime 2175 Big Lime 2200 Big Injun Sand .• ' 2140 Gordon Stray 2852 to 2862 Gordon Sand (oil, 2896') 2888 2909 W. S. Kirkpatrick Well, No. 1. Near Gilmer county line. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Dnnkard Sand 830 to 880 Salt Sand 1570 1650 l^encil cave 1805 ‘‘ 1810 Big Lime 1810 1900 Big Injun Sand 1900 2125 Stray Sand 2445 2450 Gordon Sand 2465 ‘‘ 2469 Fifth Sand (oil, 2681') 2680 2690 Total depth 2723 J. II. Mertz Well, No. 1. Court House district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Dnnkard Sand (585 to 730 Salt Sand 940 1010 Big Injun Sand 1760 1930 Stray Sand 2366 237(5 Gordon Sand 2406 2421 Fifth Sand (gas, 2584') 2582 2590 Total de])th 2608 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 373 M. M. Sommers Well, No. 7. Court House district, Snud Pork field. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feel. Feet. Pittsbiire:- Coal 445 to 449 Dimkard Sand 1050 ‘‘ 1110 Pencil cave 2100 2110 Big' Lime 2110 2180 Big Tnjnn Sand 2180 2400 Stray Sand 2801 2809 Gordon Sand (oil, 2821') 2819 2831 Total depth • 2861 W. H. De7it Well, No. 1. Court House district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 300 Dunkard Sand 1050 to 1090 Pencil cave 2080 2090 Big Lime 2090 '' 2180 Big Injnn Sand 2180 2400 Stray Sand 2640 2646 Gordon Sand '.2668 2673 Fifth Sand 2838 Total depth 3052 J. N. Butcher Well, No. 1. Court House district. iVuthority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Big Dimkard Sand 1050 to 1098 Salt Sand 1800 1990 Big Lime 2120 '' 2200 Big Injnn Sand 2200 '' 2420 Stray Sand 2780 2787 Gordon Sand 2795 '' 2798 Fourth Sand 2840 2844 No Fifth Sand. Total depth 3103 William E. Dordan Well, No. 2. Court House district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal 325 to 329 l)nnkar(i Sand 900 950 Pencil cave 2000 “ 2010 Big Lime 2010 2060 * Big Injun Sand 2060 2250 Stray Sand 2681 2686 ‘‘No Gordon or Fifth Sands.’’ 374 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (LEWIS) B. Bohen Well, No. 1. Sixteen miles south of Weston. Authority, United States Oil Company. Feet. Feet. First Coal 275 Second Coal 350 Pittsburg Coal 350 Big Lime 2275 to 2380 Big Injim (gas, 2450 to 2475') 2380 2480 Slate and shells 2480 2800 Gordon Stray (oil, 2907') 2905 2915 Gordon Sand 2930 2936 B. Bohen Well, No. 3. Sixteen miles south of Weston. Authority, United States Oil Comitany. Feet. Feet. First Coal Second Coal (Redstone) .. 105 Pittsburg Coal . 140 Little Lime ..1765 Pencil cave . .1795 to 1805 Big Lime .’ ..1805 Big In]iin Sand (gas, 1920') . .1895 ( ( 2105 Black slate . .2105 ( ( 2165 Sand . . '. . .2165 i ( 2190 Hard lime . .2190 ( c 2215 White sand . .2215 ( i 2240 Hard lime and ‘Gjoulders” (nuggets) . . . .2240 ( i 2250 Slate . . 2250 ( ( 2270 Hard lime ..2270 ( ( 2295 Slate . .2295 ( ( 2315 Hard and blue lime . .2315 i ( 2365 Sand3^ lime . .2365 {( 2375 Black slate . .2375 i ( 2405 Ha 1(1 lime . .2405 C ( 2415 Black slate ..2415 ( i 2425 Red rock . .2425 ( ( 2435 Lime, shells and slate . .2435 i i 2460 Black slate . .2460 ( i 2485 Gordon Stray (oil) . .2485 1 ( 2495 Slate . .2495 ( ( 2505 Gordon Sand . .2505 1 ( 2517 ,41iis is an im})ortant record, since its details show the pres- ence of red beds at 530 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand, at tlie horizon wliere they are so often found above the Gordon WEST VTEOINIA GEOLOafCAL SUUVEY 375 Stray in Wotzel, TTarrison and Doddridge conntios to .the west, thus tending’ to eonhi'ni tlie icientification of the “Stray” and Gordon Sands in the Sand Fork i)ool, notwithstanding? their mnch greater interval below the Pittsburg coal. A little oil was once found in the “Panhandle” of Lewis county, between Upshur and Braxton. The oil occurs in the bottom of the “Salt Sand” at a depth of 450 to 500 feet, just above the red IMaucli Chunk shales, on a tributary of the Little Kanawha river known as Wild Cat. The oil is of light gravity and amber color, but is so mixed up with water that no paying wells have ever been found, although a fine “showing” has been obtained in nearly every one of the dozen or more wells that have been drilled. It aj)pears to be impossible to case off the water without also shutting out the oil. GILMEli COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Gilmer county lies southwest from the western half of Lewis county, and hence the rock formations found in the Sand Fork region of the latter pass directly into the underground structure of Gihner. Sand Fork creek flows down the central portion of a great synclinal ti'ough in which the rocks dip to the southwest as well as to the northwest and southeast. This tilted synclinal structur(i s(4,s in somewhere east from AVeston in Lewis county, but does not attain its deepest “sag” until near the Little Kanawha in Gilmer (‘ounty, near the mouth of Sand Fork creek, where the Pittsburg coal is buried to a depth of more than 100 feet below water level, and to nearly GOO feet alwve tide. Many of the grc'at gas wells of Lewis and Gilmer occur on the eastern and w(‘stern slope's of the syncline, as well as around its tilted up northeastern ])ortion, while the oil wells occur at lower levels down th(‘ di]) from the gas wells. The oil ])roduction of Gilmer is practically confined to the extension of the Sand Pork and Fink i)ools of Le'wis, since although some oil has been found in nearly every test well drilled within the county, yet no paying wells have yet been found outside of these two districts, al- though it is quit(‘ possible that other pools will be found when more test wells have been drilled. 37C OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (GILMER) The following- are records of wells in the Sand Fork pool adjoining Lewis : W. S. Kirkpatrich Well, No. 4. Near line of Glenville district, edge of Gilmer county. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg'? Coal 210 Dimkard Sand 770 to 825 I’ig Lime 1855 1970 Big Injun Sand 1970 2125 Fifth Sand (oil, 2853') 2852 2858 'file coal I'eported at 210 feet in this record may not be the Pittsburg bed, since a coal is sometimes reported in this region at 70 to 100 feet above the Pittsburg bed. J. PC Moody Well, No. 1. Five miles northeast of Sand Fork Postoffice, Glenville district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal ( Bakerstown ?) .1025 to 1027 Little Dnnkard Sand .1080 i ( 1095 Big Dnnkard Sand .1131 i ( 1222 Gas Sand .1280 ( ( 1328 Salt Sand .1372 ( ( 1850 Maxton Sand .21(30 i i 2200 Pencil cave 9228 ( ( 2236 Big Lime .2236 ( i 2306 Big Injnn Sand (gas, 2435') .2306 i i 2528 Strav Sand .2934 i 1 2941 Goi-don (shell) .2953 Fifth Sand .3094 ( i 3098 Total depth 3218 Amanda B. Connor Well, No. 4. 41 le district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Elk Lick?) . . 325 Big Dunkai’d Sand . 650 to 709 Salt Sand .1300 i i 1395 Maxton Sand .1515 i i 1550 Pencil cave ,.1585 i i 1600 Big Lime .1600 i ( 1660 Big Ininn Sand .1660 ( i 1990 Gordon Sand (shells) , .2410 Fifth Sand .2622 i i 2626 Total de])th 2703 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUltVEY 377 W. 11. Cox Well, No. 1. Olenville district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Big Dunkard Sand 840 to 900 Pencil cave 1850 ( ( 1860 Big- Lime 1860 ( ( 1920 Big Injun Sand 1920 ( ( 2070 Stray Sand 2482 ( ( 2492 Gordon Sand < { 2510 Fifth Sand (oil, 2678') . . . 2677 ( ( 2683 W. II. Cox Well, No. 2. Glenville district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Elk liick"?) 430 Dunkard Sand 700 to 740 Salt Sand 1530 i i 1600 Maxton Sand 1620 ( ( 1690 Big Lime 1785 ( ( 1800 Big Injun Sand 1800 i i 1960 Stray Sand 2450 ( i 2460 Gordon Sand 2475 1 i 2482 Fifth Sand (oil, 2674') . . . 2L73 ( ( 2678 W. II. Cox Well, No. 4. Glenviuc district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal? 200 Dunkard Sand 880 to 950 Stray Sand 2700 i ( 2711 Gordon Sand 2730 i ( 2740 Fifth Sand (oil, 2929') 2928 i i 2933 Marshall Estate Well, No. 3. Joes run, about two miles northeast of Stouts Mills. Authority, J. M. Guffey. Feet. Coal 240 Little Dimkard 790 Big Duiikard 815 Break 880 Salt Sand (very hard) 800 Maxton Sand 1790 Limestone 1975 “Blue Monday” 2000 Break 2020 Big Lime 2026 Big- Injun Sand 2086 378 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS ( GILMER > Berea Grif? 2230 Red rock 2G70 Gordon Sand 2G98 Fifth Sand 2SG4 Total depth 2898 Iludnall Well, No. 1. On Sliding Hill rnn, one half mile from mouth, near Stouts Mills. Authority, J. M. Guffey. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Gravel 25 25 Limestone 15 40 Red rock 10 ^ 50 Limestone 10 60 Red rock 5 G5 Slate 27 92 Coal, Pittsburg 9 101 Limestone 29 130 Slate 2 132 Sand G8 200 Red rock 7 207 Slate 5 212 Limestone 33 245 Red rock 10 255 Slate 5 2G0 Red rock 30 290 Sand G5 355 Slate, break 2 357 Sand, hard 18 375 Slate 5 380 Limestone ! 5 385 Sand, hard 31 41G Slate 10 42G Coal (Fiiendsville'?) 3 429 Limestone 17 44G Red rock 4 450 Slate 5 455 Red rock 40 495 Limestone 15 510 Slate 10 520 Pink rock 35 555 Limestone 15 570 Sand 20 590 Slate 30 G20 Pink rock 20 G40 Slate 10 G50 Dunkard Sand (Mahoning) G5 715 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY im Limestone Sand Sand and sliell Sand Coal Sand Slate, break Sand Slate Sand Slate, break Sand Slate, shell Slate, black Slate and shell Sand and shell Limestone, blue Sand Slate and shell Sand, black Sand, j^Tay Slate, black Sand, white Slate, black “^and, white (base Pottsville) 1 iate, white Red rock Slate and shell Red rock Limestone, hard Slate and shell Limestone Slate and sliell Limestone Limestone, sandy Sand Slate, black Bij? Lime Keener Sand Limestone, hai-d Rig Injun Sand Slate, break Sand Limestone, sand Slate and shell Slate, black Sand sliell Slate, dark . 15 730 . 05 705 . 45 840 . 35 875 . 5 880 . 30 910 . 2 912 , 08 980 3 983 24 1007 3 1010 42 1052 48 1100 20 1120 20 1146 9 1155 20 1175 12 1187 130 1323 0 1329 87 1416 112 1528 10 1538 50 1588 08 1050 10 1000 TO 1078 10 1088 10 1098 10 1708 10 1718 10 1728 30 1758 12 1770 10 1780 20 1800 5 1805 00 1805 10 1875 10 1885 105 1990 7 1997 53 2050 30 2080 70 2150 25 2175 5 2180 40 2220 380 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (GILMER) l Sand, black 20 Slate and shell 165 Red rock 5 Slate and shell 85 Sand, Gordon 7 Slate and shell 83 Red rock 10 Slate and shell 60 Fifth Sand (oil) 12 Bottom 2240 2405 2410 2495 2502 258L 2595 2655 2667 2672 This record is important for the many stratigraphic details it affords. Heath Well, No. 1. Butcher Fork of Sand Fork creek, near Lewis county liae. Authority, J. M. Guffey. Slate Red rock Slate Sand Slate Sand Red rock Slate Slate and shells . Sand (Dunkard) Lime Sand Slate Lime Sand, white Lime Sand (Pottsville) Red rock Slate and shells . Lime Slate Big Lime Big Injim Sand . Slate and shells . Sand (Gantz) . . . Slate Red rock Slate Sand (Stray) . . . Shale, white .... Thickness, Feet. . . . 70 ... 100 ... 100 . . . 60 . . . 20 . .. 34 . . . 50 . . . 60 . .. 140 . .. 50 . .. 60 . .. 150 . . . 80 . . . 30 . .. 150 . . . 50 . .. 430 . . . 75 . .. 150 . . . 25 . . . 30 . . . 90 , .. 200 . . 275 . . 20 . . 35 . . 10 . . 30 15 . . 13 Depth, Feet. 66 186 286 346 366 400 450 510 650 700 760 910 990 1020 1170 1220 1650 1725 1875 1900 1930 2020 2220 2495 2515 2550 2560 2590 2605 2618 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 381 Sand, Gordon 7 2625 Slate . . . 54 2670 B^iod rock . . . 21 2700 Slate, dark ... 30 2730 ;^and, Fifth . . . 47 2777 Slate, white ... 3 2780 Total depth 2825 Lynch Well, No. 4. Crossing. Authority, J. M. Guffey. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Red rock, slate and limestone 715 Coal? . . . 5 720 Slate, limestone and red rock? . .. 80 800 Big Dimkard Sand and slate 1400 Salt Sand . .. 160 Maxton Sand . .. 100 1700 Limestone and slate . .. 180 1880 Little Lime 20 1902 (?) Pencil cave 22 (?) ‘^Blne Monday’’ . . . 50 1952 Big Lime . .. 100 2052 Big Injun Sand . .. 150 2202 Slate 2237 Berea Grit . . . 25 Slate Gordon Sand 3 2625 Slate . .. 179 2804 Fifth Sand 8 Total de})th 2830 This record is very defective, but the ineasurenieiits to the main sands are prol)ably recorded correctly. William E. Lively Well, No. 1. Glenville district. Autliority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal Dnnkard Sand to 776 Salt Sand ( ( 919 Maxton vSand 1835 ( i 18()5 Pencil cave i i 19()2 Big Lime i i 2000 Big Injun Sand 1 ( 2100 Gordon Sand 2585 Fifth Sand Total depth 2908 The following are records of wells drilled across the Gilmer 382 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS i GILMER) county line in the southwest extension of the Fink alon^ the edge of Doddridge county : J. C. Bush Well, No. 1. Troy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Coal (Uniontown?) 130 to Black cave 840 Salt Sand 1390 Sand (Maxton?) 1580 Pencil cave 1735 Big Lime 1780 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1900') 1840 ‘‘ Gantz Sand (oil, 2238 to 2248') 2236 ‘‘ Bottom J. C. Bush Well, No. 2. Troy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Dunkard Sand 850 to Sand 935 Sand 990 Sand 1145 ‘ ‘ Sand ? 1182 Maxton Sand 1460 Sand 1670 ‘‘ Big Lime 1805 “ Big Injun Sand 1895 “ Gantz Sand (oil, 2266 to 2275') 2266 ‘‘ Total depth C. B. Bush Well, No. 1. Troy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Com])any. Feet. Black cave 750 Sand 795 Big Dunkard Sand 910 to Slate 950 Sand 960 Slate 1000 Salt Sand 1020 Slate 1100 Sand 1150 Maxton^ Sand (gas) . . . ., 1335 Sand 1555 Little Lime 1660 Big Lime 1710 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1820') 1770 '' creek pool Feet. 1311/2 1520 1670 1920 2271 2276 Feet. 885 970 1030 1170 1215 1600 1710 1895 1940 2280 2293 Feet. 940 1375 1770 1828 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 383 Sand and slidls 2110 Gaiitz Sand (i^as, 2150') 2154 2160 Shells- 2525 ‘‘ 2725 Soft slate to bottom 2725 2735 The Gordon and Fifth Sands are indicated only by Shells in this well. L. A. Law Well, No. 1. Troy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Small show of coal (Pittsburg) 210 to 212 Big Diinkard Sand 960 “ 995 Salt Sand 1200 1331 Maxton? Sand 1460 1540 Big Lime 1800 1890 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1910') 1897 ‘‘ 1960 Stray Sand 2480 2490 Gordon Sand 2495 2497 Fifth Sand 2705 '' 2715 Depth 2740 Thomas Scott Well, No. 1. One mile and a half north of Troy Postofhee, on Cove creek. Authority, Carter Oil Compai|§. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 700 to 710 Salt Sand 810 ( ( 866 Salt Sand 970 ( ( 1195 Maxton Sand 1450 ( i 1460 Big Lime (gas top) 1535 ( ( 1615 Big Injun Sand 1640 ( 1 1680 Berea Sand 2020 ( i 2035 Total depth 3204 (Dry.) South from the Little Kanawha river there have been several large gas wells drilled in the vicinity of Stumptown by the Stunij)town Oil & Gas Company. They are clustered along the general line of the ChestJiut Pidge anticlinal, and the gas is obtained in the Pottsville, or “Salt Sand,” formation of the drillers. One of these wells shows the following succession, as fur- nished })y Mr. John T. Harris, Secretary of the Company. No. 3 Well, Stumptown Oil cb Gas Co. Feet. Feet. 485 to 620 First Cow Run Sand 384 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (GILMEE) Lime and slate , . . . 620 ( c 695 Sand 695 i ( 710 Tjime, shells and slate 710 .i ( 785 land 785 i i 890 jime, shells and slate 890 ( ( 1178 Coal 1178 i ( 1186 Lime 1186 i ( 1215 “Salt Sand” (“big gas”) 1215 Well No. 4, Stumptown Oil & Gas Co. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 0 to 140 Red rock, lime and shells .... 185 { ( 325 Coal .... 4 ( ( 329 Red rock, lime and shells 166 ( c 495 First Cow Rim Sand (Mahoning) . . . . .... 120 ( ( 615 Limestone, shells and slate .... 95 i 1 710 Sand .... 18 i i 728 Limestone and slate .... 67 ( 1 795 Sand .... 113 ( ( 908 Limestone, shells and slate .... 287 ( i 1195 Coal .... 9 t i 1204 Limestone .... 26 < ( 1230 Sand, gas . . ./ { ( The well begins abou^ 100*^et below the Pittsburg coal, and hence the Sand struck at 495 feet and called ‘‘First Cow Run Sand’’ in the record, is most probably the one known as the “Big Dunkard” by the drillers in the Sand Fork region. The Rush well. No. 1, Pvo miles southwest of Stumptown, drilled by Messrs. Kenny and others, gave th ; following succes- sion, according to Mr. Harris : Rush Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Slate and shells 225 to 250 Sand 250 275 Lime and slate 275 300 Red rock 300 400 Sand 400 425 Slate 425 450 Red rock 450 525 Lime 525 565 Red rock 565 “ 580 Slate and shell 580 “ 665 Cow Run Sand, slate and shell 6(i5 “ 775 Hard, white lime 775 800 Sand 800 920 WEST VIBGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY Slate and shells 920 940 Sand 940 t i 053 Coal 953 1 1 960 Sand 960 i ( 1050 Coal 1050 i 1 1056 Slate and shells 1056 ( ( 1100 Sand 1100 ( ( 1160 Slate and shale 1160 ( < 1280 Lime 1280 i ( 1350 Slate and shell 1350 ( i 1400 Lime 1400 1 1 1430 Slate and shell 1430 ( i 1475 Sand (gas. 1480'; oil, 1500') 1475 ( < 1521 Slate and shell 1521 ( 1 1540 Sand (oil) . . 1540 t ( 1698 The Band struck at 1,540 feet, in which gome oil is found, was supposed by the drillers to represent the “Big Injun,” but it is probably higher, as would be indicated by the following record of a deep well drilled in the same region by the South Penn Oil Company : Bennett Well, No. 1. Bennett farm, just above Stumptown, on Bear Fork of Steer creek. Authority, South Penn Oil Compamy, ; Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Conductor 20 20 Red rock 30 60 Blue sand 35 85 White slate 15 100 Red rock (cased 10-inch, 200^) 100 200 White slate 50 260 Red rock 60 300 White slate 35 335 Green sand 15 350 Red rock 50 400 White slate 65 466 White sand 35 500 White slate 75 675 White sand 110 685 Black slate 10 695 Limestone 10 705 White sand 30 735 White slate 75 810 White sand 20 830 Black slate 13 843 White sand, gas (cased 8i/4-inch, 851') ... 25 868 386 OIL AND GAS WELL KEOORDS (GILMER) White slate 35 903 White sand 40 943 Black slate 57 1000 White sandstone 75 1075 Sand, shells and black slate 205 1280 White sand 55 1335 Black slate 96 1431 White sandstone (Maxton?) (cased 6%", 1455') 50 1481 Pencil slate 3 1484 Limestone 11 1495 Sand, hard 14 1509 Sandstone, soft 27 1536 Pebbles 25 * 1565 Black slate 20 1585 Big Lime, hard 60 1645 White Sand (Keener) 10 1655 Limestone 55 1710 White sandstone (Big Injun) 75 1785 Sand and shells 100 1885 White slate 200 2085 Slate and shells 200 2285 Black slate, hard, sandstone and shells. . . 100 2385 Sand (gas) (Gordon, or Fifth) 2 2387 Slate and shells 163 2550 Slaet, white and soft to bottom 118 2668 The sand struck at 1,280 feet is most probably the one in which the Stumptown Oil & Gas Company obtains its gas. The first deep well drilled in Gilmer county was sunk on the Fisher farm, one mile west of Tanner Postoffice, in 1891, by parties from Parkersburg. The well begins 40 feet below what is supposed to be the Waynesburg coal (but which may be the Uniontown) and 265 feet below the Washington bed. The record of the well reads as follow^s, according to lion. John T. Harris of Parkersburg, who received the same from James Showalter, contractor : Fisher Well, No. 1. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Conductor 8 Unrecorded 36 44 Red shale 11 55 Blue limestone, with red and blue shale and sand shells 77 132 WEST TIRGINIi. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 387 Red rock 4G 17(S Hard, blue sand 20 198 Red and gray shale 42 240 Red and blue shale with blu® sand shells. . 58 298 Red rock 23 321 Gray sand 14 345 White fire clay 9 354 Red and white shale (cased 7%'"' at 359') 68 422 Blue sand 10 432 Red rock 78 510 Limestone and shale, white 26 536 Red rock 24 560 Black sand 15 575 White shale 27 602 Red rock 33 635 White shale 25 660 Red rock with white clay at bottom 10 670 Gray sand, hard, 2^ at top with 1 ft. coal. . 3 673 White shale 57 730 Hard, sharp sand 25 755 Dark gi’ay shale (cased Mahoning 6^" at 778') y Dunkard 23 778 Hard, white sandstone,.. blue at bottom 20 798 Limestone 57 855 White sandstone (Gas Sand) 90 945 White slate 71 1016 Hard, white sandstone 46 1062 Black shale 8 1070 Slate and sand, shale and lime 36 1106 Sandy shale 44 1150 Coal Soft shale 25 1175 Sandy shales 70 1245 Fine gray sandstone and limestone 45 1290 White and black shale, with limestone nuggets 106 1396 Sandstone, very hard and white 44 1440 Black and white shale 10 1450 Dark gray sand 30 1480 Shale, with sand and limestone, hard 50 1530 Limestone 20 1550 Shale and limestone (4%-inch casing) ... 70 1620 Sand, hard and limy 55 1675 Big Lime, gas at bottom 65 1740 Sand, white, gas and little oil (Big Injun) 63 1803 Slate, with shells 217 2020 Sand, some oil (Gantz, Berea) 40 2060 388 OIL AND GAS WELL EECOE'DS (BEAXTON) Slate, blue 305 2365 Sand (Gordon?) 6 2371 Slate 69 2440 Hard, sandy pebble 1 2441 Slate to bottom 269 2710 BRAXTON COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Braxton county lies directly southeast from Gilmer, and extends to the mountainous region of the State and hence, so far as present developments have gone, has no oil or gas production of commercial value, except at its most northern point, which ap- proaches near enough to the Sand Fork oil pool to come within the zone of good gas territory. Also, just at the edge of Gilmer and Calhoun counties a little oil was once developed by the South Penn Oil Company, the first well in the base of the “Salt Sand** giving such promise of a paying proposition that a pipe line, 30 odd miles in length was laid to bring the oil to the Sand Pork pump station. But after drilling about 10 wells and only four of them proving productive operations have ceased in the region, and the four are now producing 15 barrels daily. The following records will show the succession of the rocks in the vicinity of Rosedale, within one to three miles of which aU the wells are located on a very large tract of mostly uncultivated land. Some of the wells may be in the edge of Gilmer county : W. G. Bennett Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Soil and quicksand 34 to 34 Sand 34 < i 160 Red rock 160 (C 262 Sand 262 it 300 Slate and red rock 300 ( ( 400 Sand and lime 400 ( i 460 Coal 465 1 1 472 Sand 505 ( ( 530 Lime 530 ( { 550 Sand 550 (f 560 Sand 577 t ( 590 Lime 661 ( t 690 Sand 700 ti 730 Sand 900 1 1 928 Lime n 1155 WEST VIliGIUIA GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY 389 Sand 1155 1165 Sand 1184 1 ( 1225 Sand, extra hard 1290 tt 1415 Coal 1547 Sand 1560 a 1580 Slate 1580 1 1 1585 Sand 1585 ( ( 1610 ^‘Oil and gas, 1592 feet; oil, IGOO feet; salt water, 1610 feet.'’ W. 0. Bennett Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. to 500 Sand 600 a 640 Sand 780 u 840 Lime 840 a 955 Sand 955 (( 1000 Sand (gas, 1040') 1030 ( i 1150 Sand 1390 ( i 1420 Sand 1475 ( t 1530 Coal 1810 ( i 1813 Sand (Maxton?) 1876 n 1960 Little Lime 2000 tt 2025 Pencil cave 2025 1 1 2040 Big Lime 2040 tt 2125 Big Injun Sand 2125 1 1 2220 Shells 9990 1 1 2420 Gantz Sand 2420 tt 2435 Fifty-foot Sand 2580 i t 2595 Slate, lime and shells 2595 1 1 3090 Hard lime shells to bottom 3090 1 1 3275 The Bennett wells all start below the Pittsburg coal by an interval of 100 to 150 feet, and this record exhibits the increasing thickness of the Pottsville beds to the southeast, since the Pitts- burg coal — Big Injun Sand interval has here thickened to over 2,200 feet. W. 0. Bennett Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Sand 326 to 340 Slate and shells 340 tt 520 Sand 1 1 570 Sand tv 940 Sand and lime 1070 1 1 1272 Sand 1480 1 1 1510 Sand 1630 tt 1648 Maxton Sand 1925 tt 1940 Sand and lime 1940 tt 1985 390 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (BRAXTON; W. 0. Bennett Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Sand 150 to 250 Sand 300 345 Red rock 345 350 Sand 645 855 Sand 880 980 Sand 1180 1280 Slate and shells 1280 ‘‘ 1380 ‘ ‘ Gas ” Sand (gas, 1485') 1465 1500 Lime and shells 1500 1535 Black slate 1535 ** 1625 Coal 1635 1645 Salt Sand (oil rock) 1665 ^ 1685 Slate and shells to bottom 1685 ** 1778 W. G. Bennett Well, No. 6. Feet. Feet. Sand 438 to 465 Sand 540 558 Sand 672 712 Sand 780 830 Sand 950 1154 Sand 1350 1380 Sand and lime 1440 “ 1727 ‘^Salt Sand” (oil, 1747') 1730 1756 W. G. Bennett Well, No. 7. Feet. Feet. Sand 400 to 450 Slate and red rock 450 700 White sand 700 760 Sand 800 830 White sand 900 925 Slate and lime 925 1180 Sand 1400 1430 Slate and shells , 1430 ' ' 1712 Salt Sand (oil rock) 1712 Bottom 1733 W. G. Bennett Well, No. 8. Feet. Feet. Coal 980 to 984 Coal 1670 1674 Salt Sand (oil rock) 1680 1686 Total depth 1740 A l)ed of coal has been noted in several of the wells (and doubtless occurs in all of them) at a few feet above the oil bear- ing stratum. This sand is very probably the same as the gas WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 391 producing rode at Stumptown, since a coal bed also occurs above it there. A test well drilled on the Little Kanawha bottoms, just op- posite the B. & 0. station at Burnsville, gives the following suc- cession, according to Mr. R. M. Zahniser, one of the owners ; ^ ^ Marshall Well, No. 1. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Clay, yellow, soft, conductor 11 11 Lime, white, hard 20 31 Sand, white, hard (water) 40 71 Red rock, soft 10 81 Slate, blue, soft 10 91 Red rock, soft (cave) 30 121 Lime, hard *. 24 145 Slate, red rock and shell (water and cased) 365 510 Sand, white and soft, coarse, with pebbles 40 550 Lime, blue, hard 15 565 Sand, gray 25 590 Slate and shells, white and soft 25 615 ; Lime, gray, hard 25 640 Slate and shells, white and soft 75 715 ^ Sand, white, hard 115 830 Sand, gray, hard 50 880 ^ Lime, shells and slate .’ 120 1000 „ Sand, white, hai’d 50 1050 Slate and shells 70 1120 ' Lime, white 20 1140 Slate and shells, blue, hard 50 1190 . ' Linue, white, hard . 25 1215 Sandstone, white '(oil and gas, 1407') 210 1425 . Slate, black, soft 25 1450 ' Sand, white, hard 40 1490 , Lime 50 1540 Red rock, soft 95 1635 Big Lime, gray, hard ; 40 1675 ) Sand, Big Injun, gray, white, hard (show oil and gas) 42 1717 Limestone, gray 200 1917 Slat e and shells, blue, soft 20 1937 Sand, gray, hard 30 1967 Slate, black, soft 20 1987 Sand (Gahtz?), white, hard, (little oil) . .. 5 1992 Slate and shells, blue and soft to bottom. . 290 2282 392 OIL AJTD GAS WELL REOOEDS (BRAXTON) Tlie well starts 350 feet or more below the horizon of the Pittsburg coal. liohinette Well, No. 1. Oil creek, two miles northeast of Burnsville. Authority, William II. Nicholson, Jr., contractor. Feet. Feet. Conductor IS Red rock 18 to 105 Lime 105 “ 160 Red rock 160 175 Lime 175 275 Slate 275 300 Coal (Bakerstown?) 300 304 Sand 304 322 Slate 322 350 Lime 350 '' 380 Slate .‘ 380 410 Lime 410 430 Sand 430 555 Lime 555 570 Coal (Upper Kittanning?) 570 579 Sand 579 596 Slate 596 ‘‘ 600 Sand 600 “ 660 Slate 660 665 Sand 665 735 Lime 735 745 Sand 745 855 Lime 860 870 Slate 870 ‘‘ 1080 Sand 1080 “ 1130 Slate 1130 1180 Sand (1190') 1180 1255 Slate 1255 “ 1300 Lime 1300 ‘‘ 1330 Sand 1330 1370 Lime 1370 1380 Sand (base Pottsville) 1380 “ 1450 Red rock 1450 1490 Slate 1490 ‘‘ 1550 Big liime 1550 1660 Big Injun Sand 1660 1800 Slate 1800 ‘‘ 1910 Lime 1910 1935 Slate 1935 2120 Lime 2120 2148 Stray Sand 2148 2166 WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL 8UKVEY 303 Slate 2166 2170 Gordon SaiuUlittle gas) 2170 2185 Slate 2185 2200 Sand 2200 ‘‘ 2206 Slate 2206 2310 Fifth Sand (show of oil) 2310 2316 Slate 2316 2630 Lime 2630 2640 Slate 2640 '' 2660 Lime 2660 '' 2690 Slate and shells to bottom 2690 2800 The Pittsburg coal comes 250 to 300 feet above the ’ ;vel of the well. A. L. Jack Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Quicksand 31 to 45 Dunkard Sand 875 i t 940 White sand 1110 ( t 1130 White sand 1160 i t 1264 Maxton Sand 1317 ( c 1342 Salt Sand 1545 ( ( 1685 Pencil cave 1788 i ( 1800 Big Lime 1800 (f 1850 Rig Tnjun Sand 1850 2000 Gordon Sand < < 2520 Sand 2650 1 i 2665 Total depth 2920 Three or four test wells have also been drilled in Webster county, which lies east from Braxton, and wholly within the mountain region of the State. Nothing but “slight shows” of either oil or gas was obtained, however, in any of them. One of these, drilled by Meade Brothers for the Iladdix and Leading Creek Oil & Gas Company on the Vandervort farm, about two miles below Cleveland, gave the following succession, according to Mr. Hague of Tidioute, Pa., one of the parties interested. Vandervort Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Conductor 35 Quicksand 25 to 25 White, hard sand 25 ( ( 50 Lime and slate 50 t ( 125 Sand, hard and poor 125 ( c 158 Lime ( ( 183 394 OIL AND GAS WELL BECORDS (CALHOUN) Shale and lime 183 272 Sandy lime 272 365 White shale 365 385 Lime, sandy, shale and red rock 385 “ 900 Sand, probably Maxton 900 “ 925 Sandy lime 925 950 Black shale 950 960 Lime, probably “Big Lime’’ 960 “ 1125 Sand (cave, 1200'; salt water, 1225') 1125 “ 1225 Sand and lime (cased 0%-inch) 1225 “ 1265 Red rock 1265 “ 1285 Sandy lime (Big Lime) 1285 “ 1500 Gray sand (Big Injun) 1500 “ 1550 Sandy shells and slate 1550 “ 1600 Lime, shells and slate 1600 “ 1700 Sandy lime 1700 “ 1750 Lime, shells and slate to bottom 1750 “ 1807 CALHOUN COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Calhoun county lies directly north from Braxton, and west from Gilmer, and hence is within the gentle dipping rocks of the State northwest from the mountain region where both oil and gas exist in commercial quantity. The development of these interests got a late start in this county, owing to the dry holes drilled at an early date, but some good pools of oil have now been found, as well as many large gas wells, so that Calhoun’s production is rapidly increasing. The most of the oil produced comes from a sand which the oil fraternity has dubbed the Berea, and although details in the Calhoun records are often wanting, there would appear to be but little doubt that this “Berea” Sand is the same one that is called the Gantz in the Fink creek pool of Gilmer, Lewis and Doddridge to the northeast, where it underlies the Pittsburg coal by an interval of 1,840 feet. The following records from the several regions of the county will speak for themselves : Metz Well, No. 1. Fifteen miles south from Cairo, on Leading creek. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Gas Sand 1380 Good sand to 1440 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 395 Slate to 1400 Salt Sand to 1545 Break, slate 1603 Good Sand 1630 Bottom of sand ; 1031 Coal 1636 Sand, two feet 1638 Bie: Bime 1642 Big Injnn Sand (gas, 1788'; oil, 1809') 1744 Bottom sand 1812 Slate and shells 1835 Bottom Sand (Big Injnn) 1837 James Metz Well, No. 1. One mile west of Ayers Postoffice. Authority, Lowther Oil Com- nany. Feet. Berea Sand, top 2111 ‘‘Pay^’ 2130 Total depth 2150 One hundred and twenty-five-barrel natural, January, 1901; 15- barrel June, 1904. James Metz Well, No. 2. Feet. Berea Sand, top 2102 ‘ ^ Pay ” 2120 Total depth 2156 Fifty barrels natural October, 1902; 15 to 18 barrels June, 1904. James Metz Well, No. 4. Feet. Berea Sand, top 2256 ‘‘Pay’’ 2274 Total depth 2289 Seventy-five-barrel well Augnist, 1903; 50-barrel June, 1904. “Cow Run Sand about 800 to 900 feet; Salt Sand, 1,400 feet.” 11. C. Lockney Well, No. 1. On Bear run. Authority, New York Petroleum Company. Feet. Feet. Soft shale 410 First Cow Run Sand 630 to 642 Second Cow Run Sand 680 “ 830 (Eiglit-inch casing, 955') Gas Sand 970 “ 1000 Top of sliale and blossom of coal 1006 Black, limy slate, having smell of oil and about 25 feet thick 1275 396 OIL AND GAS WELL BECORDS (CALHOUN) Salt Sand (little gas, 1428') 1422 1460 Top of Maxton Sand 1524 Pencil cave 1575 (Six and one-fonrth-inch casing, 1580') Top of Break’’ 1605 Top of Big Injun Sand 1615 Squaw Sand (light show of oil) 1690 1704 Bottom of well 1736 Finished in black sand and slate (dry hole). W. L. Camden Well, No. 1. Sherman district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Red rock 16 to 50 White slate 50 75 Blue sand 75 125 Red rock 125 155 Red rock 180 '' 250 Coal 250 253 Slate 253 298 Red rock 298 338 Sand 338 398 Red rock and shells t 398 453 Sand 453 470 Red rock and shells 470 505 Sand 505 545 Slate and shells 545 555 Sand 555 '' 590 Slate and shells 590 620 Coal 620 624 Slate and shells 624 644 Red rock and shells 644 ^ ^ 712 Slate 712 792 Sand 792 820 Lime 820 850 Sand 850 “ 915 Slate 915 927 Sand 927 1099 Slate 1099 ‘‘ 1119 Sand 1119 '' 1214 Black slate 1214 '' 1378 Sand 1378 1418 Black slate 1418 '' 1438 Sand (hard) 1438 '' 1464 Slate and shells 1464 1619 Salt Sand 1619 1670 Black slate : 1670 '' 1680 Red rock 1680 1688 Shale 1688 '' 1690 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 397 Big Lime 1690 ( ( 1808 Big Injun Sand 1808 ( ( 1872 Slate and wsliells 1872 ( ( 2159 Black slate 2159 ( ( 2194 White slate and shells 2194 ( < 2480 Pink slate 2480 it 2498 Slate and shells 2498 1 1 2901 The Venango sands are entirely absent here as Sands, but their place is still marked by the pink or red beds at 2,480 feet, 672 feet below the top of the Big Injun Sand. Allen Ilardmafi Well, No. 1. About three miles west of Grantsville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. No coal. Cave .... 470 to 790 Cow Run Sand .... 890 it 990 Salt Sand ....1340 it 1620 Big Lime ....1620 i t 1690 Keener Sand ....1695 i i 1730 Big Injun Sand ....1775 a 1795 Berea ....2130 i i 2138 Gordon Sand (shelly) Total depth ....2370 2540 Samuel Ayers Well No. 1. On Spring Fork of Yellow creek, adjoining Metz wells. Author- ity, J. M. Guffey. Feet. Feet. Big Lime H5 to 1G05 Keener Sand 60 1690 Big Injun Sand 30 1730 Berea Sand, Gantz? 22 2140 Bottom of well 2155 Cornell Welly No. 1. Authority, Courtney and McDermott. By J. C. Leonard. Com- pleted September 4, 1901. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 Salt Sand 200 to 1300 Coal S 1308 Unrecorded 192 1500 Salt Sand, (gas 1510' and 1525') 60 1560 Unrecorded 14Q << 1700 Maxton Sand 40 1740 398 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (CALHOUN) Unrecorded 13 1753 Little Lime 45 1798 Big Lime 92 1890 Big Injun Sand 30 1920 Lime and sand shells 130 2050 Slate 75 2125 Black shale and slate 125 2250 Gray Sand (Berea) and slate to bottom.. 84 “ 2334 Lewis Hamrick Well, No. 2. One-half mile north of Rhoda. Authority, Mallory Brothers & Stewart. Feet. Conductor 15 Water 150 Ten-inch casing 276 . Top Big Dunkard Sand 974 Eight and one-fourth-inch easing 982 Gas 1510 Little water 1584 Big flow water 1592 Little Lime 1750 Six and five-eighths-inch easing 1752 Top Big Lime 1766 Top Berea Sand 2245 Completed 2273 (Forty-barrel well.) L. C. Hamrick Well, No. 3. One-half mile north of Rhoda. Authority, Mallory Brothers & Stewart. Feet. Conductor 11 Ten-inch casing 363 Eight-inch casing 1176 First flow water 1700 Oil at 1762 Hole full of water 1775 Coal 1866 Maxton Sand 1872 Little Lime 1910 Big Lime 1919 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1938 Berea Sand, top of 2393 First oil 2409 (Fifty-barrel well.) .WEST vniQINIA GEOLOGICAL 8UKVEY 399 G. W. Taylor Well, No. 5. ¥ Near Rhoda, on Yellow creek, Sheridan district. Authority, Mallory Brothers & Stewart. Feet. Conductor 8 Gas 310 Gas again 3443 Water, ten bailers 445 Gas .' 480 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 869 Gas 1335 Water ....'. !...1440 Big flow water 1464 Break 1646 Maxton Sand 1558 Top Big Lime 1629 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1630 Through Big Lime 1710 Gas 1740 Through Big Injun Sand 1754 Top of Sand (Berea) 2115 First ‘‘pay’' 2132 Total depth 2150 (Sixty-flve-harrel weU.) G. W. Taylor Well, No. 6. Feet. Conductor 16 Ten-inch casing 277 Gas 380 Eight-inch casing 964 Little gas 1520 Water 1535 Coal 1606 Break of slate 1628 Big Lime 1694 Six and five-eighth.s-inch casing- 1726 Top Big Injun Sand 1778 Gas in Big Injun Sand 1830 Top of Berea Sand 2206 Oil in Berea Sand 2218 Total depth 2238 Shot forty quarts. (Fifty-baiTel well.) The coal reported in this and the preceding weLLs (Metz and Hamrick) so deep down in the measures may possibly be somo- 400 OIL AKD Gi.S WELLKEOORDS (CALHOUN). thing akin to Orahamite like that in the vertical fissure near Macfarlan in Ritchie county. G.W. Taylor Well, No. 9. At Rhoda Postoffice. Feet. Condnctor 11 First casing 416 Water 500 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 1161 First water 1745 Big flow water 1768 Break” of coal and slate 1835 Through Maxton Sand 1865 Top of Little Lime 1895 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1912 Top of Big Lime 1924 Gas in Big Injun 2005 Through Big Injun 2020 Oil and gas (Berea) 2410 Finished 2422 ^ Shot with 60 quarts from 2407 to 2419 feet. (Fifty-barrel well.) G. W. Ta^jlor Well, No. 10. Feet. Conductor 12 Showing oil 1440 Water, little 1455 Through Maxton Sand 1660 Through Big Injun Sand 1788 Berea 2151 First ^‘pay” oil 2165 Total depth 2180 About forty barrels per day. John W. Rogers Well, No. 1. One-half mile southwest of Rhoda Postoffice. Authority, Mallory Brothers & Stewart. Feet. Top Salt Sand 1435 Gas and little water 1454 Showing of oil 1454 Big flow of water 1515 Break” of slate 1570 Top of Little Lime 1635 Gas in Keener Sand 1725 Gas in Big Injun Sand 1740 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 401 Berea, top of 2125 ^^Pay” ,...2143 ^‘Started otf at 50 barrels.” Near the western ])()i*ti()n of Calhoun, just northeast from Richardson, the Carter Oil Company has discovered a small pool of Berea Sand oil, some records from which have been kindly given the Survey by Mr. AV. H. Aspinwall of the Carter Oil Com- pany, Sistersville, W. Va., as follows: Rebecca Curry Well, No. 1. One mile northeast of Richardson, Lee district. Feet. Feet. Cave . COO to 850 Cow Run Sand . 935 ( ( 955 Salt Sand .1460 ( ( 1623 Pencil cave .1038 ( ( 1648 Big Lime .1648 (( 1810 Berea Sand .2172 i ( 2203 Bottom 2212 (Twenty-barrel well.) Rebecca Gurry Well, No. 2 . Feet. Feet. Cave . 745 to 945 Cow Run Sand . 945 1 ( 975 Salt Sand .1520 ( ( 1610 Cave .1660 i ( 16()5 Big Lime .1665 ( i 1825 Big Injun Sand .1825 ( i 1840 Berea Sand .2195 ( ( 2222 Rebecca Curry Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Cave . 800 to 950 Cow Run Sand .1130 ( i 1150 Salt Sand ( { 1845 Big Lime .1882 1 ( 2032 Big Injun Sand .2032 1 1 2047 Berea Sand .2370 i 1 2398 Bottom 2398 Rebecca Curry Well, No. d. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Saud . 940 to 950 Second Cow Run Sand .1015 ( ( 1060 Gas Sand .1100 Salt Sand .1306 ( ( 1346 Salt Sand l( 1715 Little Lime .1720 ( ( 1735 402 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (CALHOUN) Big Lime 1747 Big Injun Sand 1826 Berea Sand 2295 E. M. Board Well, No. 1. On Big Rowels run, one mile north of Richardson. W. II. Aspinwall of the Carter Oil Company. 1826 1920 2322 Authority, Feet. Feet. Cave 450 to 600 Cow Run Sand 940 ( ( 975 Gas Sand 990 (( 1120 Salt Sand ....1180 < ( 1225 Salt Sand 1470 (( 1629 Little Lime 1640 1 1 1650 ‘‘Blue Monday” 1665 ii 1685 Big Lime 1685 ( 1 1762 Big Injun Sand 1762 ( ( 1840 Berea Sand 2207 i i 2223 Gordon (shells) 2390 ( ( 2399 Bottom 2575 E. A. Fore Well, No. 2. On Big Rowels run, Lee district. Authority, W. H. Aspinwall of the Carter Oil Company. Feet. Cave 500 Cow Run Sand 858 Second Cow Run Sand 940 Gas Sand 984 Salt Sand 1170 Salt Sand 1488 Little Lime 1640 Big Lime 1673 Big Injun Sand 1744 Berea Sand . . . .* 2192 Bottom to I ( i ( ( ( (( (( ( ( { ( I i ( i Feet. 700 868 945 1006 1200 1635 1665 1744 1828 2220 2221 RITCUIE COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Ritchie county lies directly north of Calhoun and Gilmer. Being also bounded, east by Doddridge, north by Pleasants and west by Wirt, in all of which many productive oil and gas wells have be(m found, this county could hardly fail to yield large quantities of each, and the drilling of numerous wells in Ritchie has resulted in the development of many rich pools of both gas and oil. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 403 The great T^iiniing Springs- Volcano Anticli«al passes across the extreme western edge of the county, and as the pioneer oil drillers who first discovered petroleum near the crown of this great ‘‘ (oil break”) arch in the adjoining county of Wirt simply followed the same north to the Ohio river, drilling shallow wells every few hundred feet, they soon arrived in Ritchie, and its oil development began in the early ’60 ’s, so that it has been pro- ducing more or less oil from drilled wells ever since, and as ex- plained in Chapter I, its commercial oil history had already begun many years previous. The ‘‘shallow oil sand” territory along this ‘ ‘ oil break ’ ’ had been pretty well drilled over and exhausted before it finally occurred to the operators to drill deeper for other sands, after the Macksburg developments of 1883 and 1884 had proven the existence of a “paying” sand at several hundred feet below the “Salt Sand” and Big Injun, the then lowest de- veloped oil-bearing beds of Ritchie county. A few paying wells were found in this deeper Sand (Berea), but no serious effort was attempted to test Ritchie county for oil outside of the “oil break” until after the Eureka and Maimington pools had been developed. The first active operations of this later period were in the vicinity of Cairo in 1890, where oil was found in both the “Salt” and Big Injun Sands, and from this region develop- ments for either oil or gas have spread to nearly every portion of the county. The deep, oi- Voiango group of Sands appear to have practically vanished as coarse or reservoir deposits from every portion of Ritchie, since the Big Injun Sand is the lowest one now producing either gas or oil, and hence the Cow Run (Dunkard), Salt Sand, or Maxton, and the Big Injuia (with its top member, the Keener) are now the only [)roductive sands in Ritchie, since the Carroll Sand wells, the highest oil jn-oducing zone yet developed in West Virginia, and which formerly pro- duced some oil in the vicinity of Cairo at about 200 feet above the Pittsburg coal, are no longer opei-ated. These upper and shallower sands have proved prolific in oil and gas over such a wide area in Ritchie, that it produces a lai-ge amount of both, and more than half fhc county has not yet been fairly tested. 404 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS rRITCHIE) The elevation of the ^reat arch along the western edge of the county has produced n number of parallel disturbances which have extended across its area and created structures favorable for the cumubitioii of oil and gas in commercial (quantity. One effect of this upheaval (whose greatest dips are 20° to 30° on its eastern slope and 50° to 70° on its western side, separated by a broad and nearly level crown a mile or more in width, within which the oil pools occur) was to open up a deep vertical fissure, one to five feet wide at the surface and nearly a mile in length, at right angles to the direction of the flexure. Through this opening much oil escaped until it was finally choked up and tightly plugged by caving walls and the residual products of the oil oxydized into Grahamiite by chemical changes. This fissure is situated near Macfarlan, not far from the South Fork of Hughes river, and about four miles east from the “oil break,” or crest of the Burning Springs anticlinal. The deposit has been fully described by the writer in the Bulletin of the Geological So- ciety of America, Vol. 10, pp. 277 to 284, April 1899, to which the reader is referred for details. This fissure, as well as the great flexure Avhich gave origin to it, illustrates how the oil and ga^» have been lost and dissipated from their rock reservoirs in the mountain regions of the State. It also illustrates under what conditions very steeply folded rocks may still hold their original petroliferous deposits imprisoned The reason why oil yet exists in the rocks along the “oil break” is becaus(‘ the oil-bearing sands there were still covered up when the flexui-e was made, by a ^treat thickness of soft and plastic red shales, clays, etc., of the Conemausth and Dnnkard series, through which ap])arently oidy one fissure extended to the surface, and even it was soon closed, probably at first by the caving of the red shales softened by oil, just as they do now when the drdl pene- trates them and water is permitted to i-emain in contact witli these soft clays and shales. But in the mountainous regions of the State there exists but a sma.ll thickness of these soft caving clays and shales, and hence the hard rocks readily fissure from folding, and as such lissures do not close themselves tlirougi WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 405 caving walls, practically all of the volatile hydro-carbons have escaped from mountain i*e^‘ioiis, unless, indeed, it may be pos- sible that some are yet imprisoned at very j»:reat depths where they are almost or quite below the i)reseiit limits of practicable drillinii* operations. The hig'hly folded strata in the oil regions of Califoiaiia, Coloraxlo, Wyoming, etc., and the steeply dipping domes of Jjouisiana and Texas illustrate the same principle, since the overlying clays and other plastic beds have largely prevented the escape of the precious hydro-carbons. The oil sands of Grosny and Baku, in Russia, covered up by a great thickness of Tertiary clays and niai’ls also confirm the same. But where escape of the licpiid and volatile hydro-carbons has taken place we get such oxydized residua] products as Asphalturn, Giisonite, Urintaite, Grahamite, Albertite, etc. This Grahamite of Ritchie county, as explained in Vol. I, was formerly mined and ship})ed east on an extensive scale for use in the manufacture of gas, since it contains about 60% of volatile combustible matter, but the easily accessible portions were soon exhausted and a disastrous explosion of gas in the nar- rowing fissure, at a depth of 150 to 200 feet, put an end to mining operations eai'ly in the ’70’s, and they have never been resumed. A highly productive oil held has been develoi)ed on either side of this fissure at a depth of 1700 or 1800 feet below the surface The wells drilled clos(‘ to the fissure yield oil only sparingly, while those a fuw hundi-ed feet distant are of fair size (20 to 50 barrels daily), thus ])j‘oving that the Grahamite is a chemically altered by-product of j)eti’oleum which has escaped upward from below, and that the fissure has not been filled from above, as some have supposed. ’Jdie main j)rodu(dlve oil rock underlying the region of the fissure is tlu‘ Big Injun Sand, but many wells have also yielded oil from the “Salt Sand” above, and it is possible that the Cow Run beds may jilso have contributed their quota of petroleum escaping through tlie fissure until its walls caved in and arrested the flow. Fi*om this short sketch, as well as that given in Chapter I, it will readily appear that the oil history (which began in a OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (KITCHlE; 4()o commercial way long before Col. Drake drilled his famous well near Titusville in 1859) of Ritchie county is of very great in- terest. Many wells have been drilled within its boundary, and sev- eral of their records will now be given : Flannagan Heirs^ Gas Well. Toll Gate Well, Cabin run. Authority, E. H. Jennings & Bros. Feet. Feet. Sand 95 to 105 Sand 150 n 175 Hard Sand 210 i < 230 Lime ( ( 384 Bine sand 410 i ( 420 Lime 470 i i 480 Lime 560 ( ( 580 Lime 700 (( 720 Coal 755 ( ( 758 Red rock 785 ( < 815 Coal 855 ( ( 857 Hard sand 880 ( ( 910 Black shales 910 (( 920 Sand 920 ( ( 985 Lime 985 ( i 995 Slate and shells 1110 i ( 1240 Sand, sharp and nice 1240 i ( 1300 Coal 1300 ( ( 1302 Sand 1302 i ( 1312 Slate and shells 1440 Sand 1440 ( ( 1500 Sand 1530 (( 1570 Salt Sand (gas, 1620'; ‘‘break” ' at 1635'). .1590 ( ( 1668 Big Lime 1668 { ( 1740 Big Injnn Sand, hard (gas) . 1740 ( i 1824 Shelly sand 2030 ( ( 2130 Sand 2240 a 2255 Sand and shells (gas) 2320 i i 2330 Shells 2380 ( { 2390 Sand ■ 2400 (( 2412 Shells 2470 { ( 2475 Sand, probably Gordon 2486 ( ( 2498 Bottom 2712 The Pittsbui'g coal horizon would belong somewhere between 400 and 500 feet in this record. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 407 Mahaney Ileirs^ Well, No. 8. On Bonds creek, one mile below Hi^^hland, and two and one-half miles north of Ellenboro. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Cow Run Sand Salt Sand Pencil cave Big Lime Keener Sand . Total depth ‘^Gas in top of Keener; oil, 1888'; (Fifty to one hundred barrels.) Feet. Feet. ..1060 to 1080 ..1500 1600 ..1794 '' 1802 ..1802 “ 1882 ..1882 1894 1905 ‘^pay,” 5' thick. Calvin Butcher Well, No. 1. Near Highland Postoffice, Bonds creek, Clay distriet. Authority, Mallory Brothers & Stewart. Feet. Conductor 16 Ten-inch casing 320 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 1132 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1630 Keener Sand (gas, 1863'; oil, 1866') 1630 Total depth 1991 Morrison Well, No. 7. Bonds creek, near Highland Postoffice. Authority, Mallory Bros. & Stewart. Feet. Feet. Wood Conductor 10 Ten-inch casing . . 374 Eight and one-fourth-inch casing 1235 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1715 Top Maxton Sand 1890 Pay Sand” from ....t 1904 to 1912 Top Keener Sand 1997 Good Keener Sand 2005 Total depth (top Big Injun Sand) 2015 “Mostly sand and shells in place of Big Lime and where the Keener “pay” should have been, had very nice white sand for ten feet.” J. M. Whaley Well, No. 2. Bonds creek, near Highland Postoffice. Authority, Mallory Bros. & Stewart. Feet. 15 ' Wood conductor Feet. 408 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Top of Maxton Sand 1790 First show of oil and gas 1806 Best show of oil and gas 1810 Bottom of sand 1814 Top of Keener Sand 1870 First gas 1882 Gas increased to about 1887 Total depth (top Big Injun) 1912 ^^Very nice coarse Maxton Sand; break of about three or four feet; white slate between bottom of Maxton and Big Lime.” V. T. Butcher Well, No. 1. One mile north of ITighland Postoffice, Clay district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Maxton Sand 1832 to 1862 Big Lime 1862 ‘‘ 1927 Keener Sand 1927 1950 Big Injun Sand 1950 2085 Creed Collins Well, No. 1. Two miles and a half northeast of Pennsboro. Authority, Car- ter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal 270 to 273 Coal (Pittsburg) 510 515 Cave 800 1100 Cow Run Sand 930 995 Salt Sand (water, 1332') 1206 1400 Big Lime, hard (little black oil, 1800') . . .1750 1850 Big Injun Sand, hard (gas, 1910') 1850 1930 Berea Sand, soft 2200 2235 (Dry hole.) Cunningham Well, No. 1. Kear Pennsboro. Authority, Bettman, Watson & Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1056 to 1076 Gray sand 1200 White sand (water, 1235') 1245 Sliells and slate 1600 Hai-d, white sand 1070 Slate 1080 Little Lime 1080 1705 Big Lime (O14" easing, 1715') 1705 1700 Slate 1700 1705 Blue Sand (Keener) 1705 1770 Slate 1770 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY While Sand (top Rio- Injnn) 1770 1785 Slate ^ 1785 1798 Coarse white sand (gas, 1814') 1798 1825 Slate ^ 1825 1830 AVhite Sand (base Rig Injun) 1830 1840 Shells and slate 1840 2040 Very hard black sand 2040 ‘‘ 2100 Sheily 2100 2440 Dark gray sand (Gordon?) 2440 2470 Shelly sand 2470 2000 Rottom 2615 Smith & Co.’s Well, No. 1, on Wilson Farm. Three miles southwest of Pennsboro. Authority, P. E. Boden. Feet. Feet. Coal (Pittsburg) 450 Salt Sand 1370 to 1592 White sand 1670 1755 Shales 1755 1805 Light Amber Oil 1805 1815 Four and one-fourth-inch casing, 1780 feet, to shut otf cave at 1200. ‘‘Produced five to fifteen barrels per day of about 50° oil. This oil took the premium for finest cnuh oil in America at the World Pair, Chicago. Wells drilled at all points of the com- pass around this one failed to find any other ])roducers. ” M. V. Ye7'hey Well, No. 1. Two miles north of Ellenboro. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave 500 to 750 First Cow Run Sand 800 815 Second Cow Run Sand 900 925 Salt Sand 1200 1360 Maxton Sand 1540 “ 1500 Cave 1040 “ 1000 Rig Lime 1000 “ 1740 Keener Sand 1740 1750 Rig Injun Sand (oil, 1752') 1750 1788 (Five-barrel well.) F. F. Boden d’ Co.’s Well, No. J, Flannagan Farm. Goose Neck Postoffice, three miles northeast of Ilarrisville. Authority, P. E. Boden. Feet. Feet. Coal (two feet) at 800 Coal (three feet) at 1210 Salt Sand 1400 to 1520 410 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Big Lime 1628 Big Injun Sand, good, white 1690 1795 Gas at 1715'; oil and more gas at 1793'. White sand 2360 2460 Shells and slate to bottom 2460 2821 N. F. Cannon Well, No. 1. Near Harrisville. Authority, Ira DeWitt. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Clay 15 15 Limestone 10 25 Slate 10 35 Limestone 20 55 White slate 120 175 Limestone 25 200 Slate, white limestone and shells 75 275 Slate, red 25 300 Slate, white 75 375 Sand, white 30 405 Slate, white 85 490 Slate, red 20 510 Sand, white 10 520 Slate, red (no eaves) 130 650 Slate, red 40 690 Limestone, white 20 710 Slate, red 165 875 Limestone, gray (eased 8i/4"at 890') 15 890 Slate, black 65 955 Limestone, gray 35 990 Sand, white 95 1085 Slate, white 55 1140 Sand, white 80 1220 Slate, black 30 1250 Sand, white 60 1310 Slate, black 110 1420 Sand^ white 40 1460 Slate and hard sand, mixed 130 1590 Limestone, hard, gray (eased 6%" at 1660') 60 1650 Limestone, hard, white (‘‘Big Lime’’)... 47 1697 Keener Sand 20 1717 Big Injnn Sand (Big gas at 1724'; slate break 5 feet at 1745'; oil at 1750') ... 95 1812 The Washington coal crops at 75 feet above the derrick floor. Jacob Moats Well, No. 1. One mile south of Harrisville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 411 Feet. Feet. Cow Rnn Sand 1050 to 1150 Salt Sand 1175 < i 1425 Big Lime 1690 1 i 1790 Rig Injim Sand 1790 (C 1880 Bottom 1903 The Whiskey Run Oil Pool lies about nine miles northeast from Cairo and three and one-half miles from Ellenboro, near the headwaters of Bond creek in northern Ritchie county. The first well was drilled there early in the ’90 ’s by Ira DeWitt and the South Penn Oil Company on the Hamilton farm. The well X) reduced a little oil from the top of the “Big InjmP^ or “Keener” Sand horizon at 1,749 feet, and such a large quantity of gas just below that the well was utilized by the Mountain State Gas Company in its lines for several years. Finally the Asso- ciated Producers Company drilled in a well on the Baumgardner farm early in 1898, which started off at 20 barrels an hour, and the pool was thereafter rapidly developed. The record of the old Hamilton well. No. 1, as given by the South Penn Oil Company, is as follows : Hamilton Well, No. 1. riiiskey run, Ritchie county, W. Va. Feet. Feet. Conductor . 14 to 14 Red rock . 26 ( ( 40 Limestone 5 it 45 Slate, blue . 10 {{ 55 Sand, white . 115 { { 170 Slate, blue . 10 it 180 Red rock ^ . 5 it 185 Slate, blue . 15 i i 200 Slate, brown . 5 i t 205 Limestone shells . 3 1 1 208 Red rock . 10 i i 218 Blue limestone . 15 it 233 Sand, Avhite . 30 it 263 Red rock . 25 it 288 Slate, blue . 20 i i 308 Red rock . 50 { i 358 Slate, blue . 40 i i 398 Limestone . 5 i i 403 Slate, blue . 30 i i .433 Red rock . 40 it 473 Slate, blue . 17 it 490 412 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (RITCHIE) Sand, white 15 505 Slate, white 13 518 Slate, blue 20 538 Pink rock 5 543 Slate, dark 5 548 Slate, light bine 52 GOO Red rock 10 610 Slate, brown 10 620 Slate, black 15 ‘‘ 635 Red rock 40 ‘‘ 675 Sand, white 10 “ 685 Red rock 75 760 Slate, white 5 765 Red rock 20 785 Slate, blue 30 815 Coal, hard 5 820 Slate, dark 15 835 Red rock 30 865 Slate, brown ; 75 940 Coal, hard 5 945 Slate, bine 40 985 Slate, black (cased 6l^" at 1020') 35 1020 “Cow Run” Sand 20 “ 1040 Sand, white 5 “ 1045 Slate, black 90 1135 Sand and limestone 10 “ 1145 Slate, blue 10 1155 Slate, black 15 1170 Slate, bine 90 1260 Sand and slate 36 “ 1296 Slate, black 30 “ 1326 Slate, white 10 “ 1336 Slate, black 79 “ 1415 Sand, gray 5 1420 Slate, dark 25 “ 1445 Sand, white 5 “ 1450 Slate, black 65 1515 Sand, gray 75 “ 1590 Slate, dark 70 “ -1660 “Big Lime” (Mountain) 88 “ 1748 “Big Injun” Sand, white (oil and some gas at 1749') 1 “ 1749 Sand and limestone (gas at 1750') 13 “ 1762 Slate, black 4 1766 Sand, gray 16 “ 1782 The “Cow Bun” Sand of this well is certainly helow the horizon of the “First Cow Bu7i” though not deep enough for WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 413 the “ SccontV’ one, but it is probably identical with the Dunkard or Upper Malioiiing sandstone. Tlie n'cord of the Baumgardner well, No. 1, of the Asso- ciated Producers Company was kept with much care by Prof. John P. Card, the geologist for that corporation, and he gave the same to the Survey, as follows: Baumgardner' Well, No. 1. Whiskey Run Pool. Feet. Feet. Conductor 7 to 7 Unrecorded 8 15 Coal, Washington, show Unrecorded 33 48 Shale, sandy 7 55 Sandstone, white (big water flow at 60') . . 70 “ 125 Slate 25 ‘‘ 150 Sandstone and sandy shale 55 205 Shale, red 25 ‘‘ 230 Coal (Uniontown?) 2 232 Slate, dark red (10" casing at 245') 83 “ 315 Sand and slate, limy 55 “ 370 Sandstone, hard, and red slate 25 395 Shale, red 45 440 Slate, sandy, gray and red 20 “ 460 Sandy slate and flaggy sandstone 38 498 Coal, Pittsburg 7 505 Slate 120 “ 625 Slate, sandy, black and red '. 30 “ 655 Slate 85 740 Shale, dark ‘‘caving” 40 “ 780 Slate 205 “ 985 Red shale 50 “ 1035 Slate and shale, variegated 35 “ 1070 Slate, black (cased 814", IHO') 60 “ 1130 Slate, white and gray 145 “ 1275 Slate, dai'k and limy 80 “ 1355 Coal, Kittanning horizon 2 “ 1357 Slate 33 “ 1390 Sand, gray, and shells 35 “ 1425 Slate, black 25 “ 1450 414 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (RITCHIE) 1470 1500 Sand and shale, dark 20 Dark slate and sand 30 sand, white 50 v slate, dark 80 sand, white 25 j Pottsville sand, light gray .... 12 | No. XII sand, hard 6 Salt Sand’’ sand, medium hard, flaky 26 sand, white, friable. 21 sand, white, flaky ... 37 Siliceous limestone (Mountain Limestone) Sand, tine (top “Big Injun” “Keener”) 257 Sand, ‘ ‘ pay, ’ ’ sugary 10 Sand, fine, to bottom of well 22 1757 1777 1795 1805 1827 The coal reported at 498 feet comes in at the Pittsburg horizon, and is doubtless a representative of that stratum, but probably not so thick as represented, since only a few of the other wells have observed it so far as known. The bottom of this coal would come at 490 feet below the Washington bed, which crops out along the roadside just below the derrick, and 1,290 feet above the top of the ^‘Big Injun/ ^ which agrees well with what we should expect here. The ‘‘Salt Sand” and “Big Injun’’ appear in the drillings to be almost continuous, but when examined with acid the lime- stone horizon separating them comes out very distinctly. The Namon Barnes, No. 3, a famous producer, is in the val- ley, just below the Baumgardner well, and obtained its oil in two “pays,” the first at 1,772 feet, producing a light green oil, and that at 1,780 feet a very light amber, as is much of the Whiskey run pool oil. Most operators consider that the pro- duction of the pool is from the “Keener” horizon of the “Big Injun” sand. A few hundred feet distant from the Bamgardner well the Associated Producers Oil Company drilled another on the land of Mr. Brooks, and the record of this well, which was preserved by Mr. Carll, is so peculiar that it is given here, as follows: Record of Brooks Well, No. 1, Whiskey Run Pool. , Feet. Feet. 530 to 530 5 “ 535 Unrecorded . . . Pittsburg Coal WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 415 Unrecorded .. 505 ( i 1040 Limy shale and sand .. 10 ( ( 1050 Unrecorded .. 50 ( < 1100 Sand, grayish white . . 10 i ( 111(‘ Unrecorded , . 90 i i 1200 ' Sand , . 20 H 1220 Unrecorded , . 30 ( ( 1250 Sand ( ( 1290 Coal, thin ii Sand , . 10 li isoo Unrecorded , . 150 ( ( 1450 Coal .. 5 (( 1455 Unrecorded , . 145 < i 1600 Slate . . 10 i ( 1610 Sand, white , . 70 < ( 1680 Coal (?) or Asphalt (saturated with oil) . ,. 8 ( ( 1688 “Big Lime” (Mountain) .. 67 ({ 1755 [ sand, fine, soft (oil 1 Big 1 1761') ....10 I “Injun” -j sand, white .... 5 l- 73 (( 1828 Sand 1 sand and slate .... 4 I t sand to bottom. . . . ....54 J The coaly material at 1,680 feet, resting immediately upon the Mountain Limestone, was saturated with petroleum, and described by the drillers as quite difficult to penetrate, “drilling like rubber,” as one expressed it. Its location immediately on top of the limestone is so unusual that I suspect it might be a substance similar to grahamite, and a i)roximate analysis made by Prof. B. 11. Hite, the chemist of the Survey, gave the following results, compared with the composition of grahamite : Analysis of Bituminous Matter From Brooks Well, No. 1. Moisture Petroleum Volatile matter Fixed carbon Ash Brooks No. 1. 00.21 1.40 34.21 48.82 15.36 Grahamite. 00.26 58.37 39.24 2.13 100.00 100.00 Sulphur 1.13 1.25 This analysis shows that the bituminous matter is not typical grahamite, though its anomalous stratigraphical position, limited 416 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (EITCHIE) distribution (for other wells drilled all around Brooks, No. 1, failed to find the deposit), and saturation with petroleum, are all fairly conclusive evidence that the bituminous material is not coal, whatever else it may prove to be upon further examination. The only other locality in the State where coaly material has been reported at this horizon is on Leading creek, in Calhoun county, where, in a well drilled by the Sill Oil Company upon the Metz farm, Mr. W. K. Jacobs reports that five feet of material which resembled coal in appearance was encountered at 1,631 feet, onl}^ two feet above the Moimtain Limestone, and 108 feet above the ‘‘Big Injun” oil sand. Hence it is quite probable that along this same line where the great fissure on Macfarlan was made and filled with the products of petroleum, to be converted into the mineral, grahamite, by subsecpient chemical changes, other minor fissures would originate, thus giving rise to such deposits as those struck in the Brooks and Metz borings. Ahicht Well, No. 1. Whiskey run. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Feet. Feet. Top of Sand, gas 70 to 1420 Slate and red rock 302 i 1 1722 Big Lime 65 < i 1787 Keener Sand 25 i ( 1812 Slate 10 ( ( 1822 Big Injun Sand 7 1 ( 1829 James Starr Well, No. 1. About three miles south of Harrisville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. First Coal (Waynesburg ‘^A”0 180 to 182 Second Coal (Waynesburg?) 230 “ 233 Cow Rim Sand 1000 Salt Sand 1050 Maxton Sand (show of oil and gas at 1580') 1539 Big Lime 1725^ Big Injim Sand 1825 Total depth 1941 (Dry.) , , WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 417 a. W. Ifayhurst Well, No. 1. Near rulliiian, six miles east of TTarrisville. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 502 to 505 Cow Run Sand 940 C ( 970 Salt Sand 1240 ( ( 1280 Maxton Sand . . 1630 ( i 1696 Big Lime 1786 ( ( 1836 Big Injun Sand 1836 ( ( 1851 Berea Sand . . . 2100 ( ( 2200 Gordon Sand . . Total depth .... 2560 2675 W. /. Lowther Well, No. 1. Near Pullman Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 500 to 506 Cave 675 i ( 960 Cow Run Sand 960 a 978 Salt Sand 1080 i ( 1175 Second Salt Sand 1280 ( ( 1370 Third Salt Sand 1470 ( ( 1590 Maxton Sand 1620 ( ( 1659 Big Lime 1705 { ( 1805 Big Injun Sand (poor) 1805 ( ( 1810 Berea Sand 2070 i ( 2085 Total depth (dry) 2128 C. J). AUender Well, No. 1. mile northwest of Cxford. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal Cave 920 to 1190 Cow Run Sand 1190 ( c 1210 Salt Sand ; 1444 i ( 1479 Salt Sand 1524 ( ( 1664 Maxton Sand 1958 ( ( 1978 Pencil cave 1235 ( ( 1250 Big Lime 2075 ( ( 2150 Big Injun Sand (gas, 2156'; oi il, 21 60')... 2150 i ( 2182 Total dey)th 2184 (Pair gas well.) Two to three miles southwest from Oxford and in the vicin- ity of Whiteoak, some fairly good oil wells have been found in the Big Injun Sand. There ai*e several small {)ools in the same geiioral region known as tHo “Prunty,” ^‘Flaimagan,” “Ire- 418 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) land,” “Holbrook,” etc. The Pittsburg coal appears to have a good thickness in the region. M. E. Pritchard Well, No. 1. About one mile ncudheast of Prunty field, and one mile north of A¥hiteoak Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 480 to 485 Cow Rim Sand 930 < ( 980 Salt Sand 1210 ( ( 1397 IMaxton Sand 1625 ( ( 1683 Big Lime 1740 i ( 1835 Big Injun Sand 1825 i ( 1860 Berea*? Total depth 2044 2700 John Pritchard Well, No. 1. Whiteoak Postoffice, one mile west of Prunty field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 385 to 391 Cave 600 ( ( 800 Cow Run Sand 896 { i 920 Salt Sand 1295 (( 1429 Maxton Sand 1710 ( ( 1740 Big Lime 1845 i ( 1935 Big Injun Sand 1935 ( ( 1950 Berea 1 2162 ( ( 2167 Total depth 2207 Alexayider Prunty Well, No. 1. Two miles southwest of Oxford. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal (Pittsburg?) 150 to 155 Coal 445 i i 550 Cow Run Sand 740 L ( 760 Salt Sand 1160 ( ( 1204 Maxton Sand 1510 1 ( 1525 Big Lime 1570 ( i 1585 Big Injun Sand 1611 ( ( 1629 Total depth 1646 i\ cold is reported live to six feet thick at depths of 460 to 715 feet in all the rest of the wells on this farm up to No. 15, beyond which the Survey has no records. Prunty Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 635 to 641 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 410 Cow Run Sand i ( 964 Salt Sand .....1406 ( ( 1446 Maxton Sand 1802 ( ( 1827 Big Lime 1900 ( ( 1962 Rig Injun Sand 1962 ( c 1981 ‘‘BrealC' Total depth 1981 2039 Well No. 2— Pittsburg coal, 572 to 578 feet. Well No. 3— Pittsburg coal, 605 to 611 feet. Well No. 4 — Pittsburg coal, 510 to 515 feet. * Lee Prmdy Well, No. 1. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 750 to 755 Cow Run Sand 1200 i ( 1230 Salt Sand 1425 i ( 1475 Big Lime 2030 ( ( 2080 Big Injun Sand 2082 ( ( 2110 Total depth 2131 M^ell No. 2— Pittsburg coal, 710 to 715 feet. Well No. 3— Pittsburg coal, 650 to 653 feet. Well No. 4 — Pittsburg coal, 590 to 596 feet. Well No. 5 — Pittsburg coal, 685 to 688 feet. Martin Ueirs’ Well, No. 1. Prunty field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 605 Cow Run Sand 1090 Salt Sand 1250 Maxton Sand 17(S5 Big Lime 1885 Big Injun Sand 1955 Total def)th Marlin Heirs’ Well, No. 2. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 660 Cow Run Sand 1120 Salt Sand 1260 Maxton Sand 1745 Big Lime 1850 Big Injun Sand 1978 Total depth G. P. Zinn Well, No. 1. Prunty field. Autliority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Pittsbnrg Coal 438 Feet, to 610 1105 1700 1803 '' 1985 '' 1985 2020 Feet, to 663 '' 1145 1280 '' 1770 '' 1890 2010 2036 Feet, to 444 420 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Cow Run Sand 500 a 730 Salt Sar!d 1040 C ( 1070 Maxton Sand 1622 (( 1634 Big Lime 1675 (( 1793 Big Injun Sand 1793 i i 1825 M. G. Zinn Well, No. 1. ty field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 460 to 466 First Cow Run Sand 760 •(( 780 Second Cow Run Sand 920 945 Salt Sand 1185 ( ( 1244 Maxton Sand 1630 i i 1660 Big Lime 1720 (( 1789 Big Injun Sand 1789 ( ( 1834 Total depth 1855 Well No. 2, Pittsburg Coal . 515 (( 520 Well No. 3, Pittsburg Coal . 665 ( i 670 Well No. 4, Pittsburg Coal . 750 { ( 756 Well No. 5, Pittsburg Coal . 712 (( 718 Well No. 6, Pittsburg Coal . ( c 502 These records show that the Pittsbiirs: coal gets (luite thin (two to three feet) occasionally in this region, and hence these oil well records should be confirmed by the diamond drill before any serious investments for coal are ma'de. G. M. Ireland Well, No. 1. Flannagan field, three-fourths of a mile southwest of Whiteoak. Authority, Hartman Oil Company. Pittsburg Coal 437 Maxtor! Sand Slate Big Lime 1695 Sand (Keener) (oil) Big Injun Sand (gas, 1778'; oil, 178^ G. M. Ireland Well, No. 2. Pittsburg Coal Cow Run Sand 1075 Salt Sand 1390 Maxtor! Sand 1718 Sand (Stray) 1830 Big Lime 1864 Feet. Feet. . . 437 .1565 to 1615 , .1585 (( 1589 . .1695 . .1763 ,.1773 i ( 1799^ .2. Feet. Feet. . 584 to 589 .1075 ( c 1090 .1390 ti 1430 .1718 ( i 1781 .1830 (( 1842 .1864 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 421 Bio’ Injun Sand, white 1960 Sand and lime 1970 C ( 2005 G. M. Ireland Well. No. 3. Feet. Feet. Pitts])nrg Coal 700 First Cow Run Sand 1020 to 1050 Second Cow Run Sand 1200 < ( 1240 Gas Sand 1480 ( ( 1553 Salt Sand 1615 i i 1650 Salt Sand 1700 n 1745 Maxton Sand 1855 ( ( 1895 Big Lime 1960 ( i 2039 Black Sand (Keener) 2039 i i 2052 Big Injnn Sand 2052 (( 2060 Limy Sand 2060 i ( 2090 Lime 2090 1 1 2102 Sand 2102 (C 2114 Slate to bottom 2114 ( ( 2120 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Pitftsburg Coal 581 Maxton Sand 1732 to 1780 Little Lime 1820 i c 1845 Big Lime 1855 Keener Sand 1925 ( ( 1937 Bottom 1960 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 5 Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 409 Maxton Sand 1588 to 1605 Big Lime (show oil, 1698') . . . 1691 < ( 1760 Keener Sand (oil, 1771 to 1775') 1760 ( < 1788 ‘‘StrealC’ 1815 i i 1825 Bottom 1827 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 6 Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 400 Keener Sand .1840 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 8. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 620 Big Injun Sand 1980 to 2000 Bottom (dry) 2088 4‘22 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (lllTCHIE) a. M. Ireland Well, No. 10. Feet. Pittsburg Coal ' 510 Big Injun Sand 1843 Bottom 1883% G. M. Ireland Well, No. 11. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . 387 Big Lime .1677 Keener Sand .1727 Bottom .1770 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 13. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal . . 410 Big Injun Sand .1747 to 1794 Bottom 1806 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 14. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal .. 486 Big Injun Sand .1826 to 1872 Bottom 1892 G. M. Ireland Well, No. 16. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal .. 409 Coal (Bakerstown?) . 730 to 740 Salt Sand . .1435 Pencil cave ..1532 Big Lime (black oil show, 1690') ..1684 Big Injun Sand (gas and oil, 1764') .... ..1749 Total depth ..1783 (Forty-barrel well.) Zimri Flannagan Well, No. 1. Southwest extension of Prunty held, one mile northeast of Berea. Authority, Cai*ter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal ' 406 to 414 Cave 700 ( ( 780 Cow Run Sand 838 ( ( 868 Salt Sand 1010 ( ( 1360 Maxton Sand 1590 ( ( 1650 Big Lime 1711 ( ( 1787 Big Injun Sand 1786 tt 1813 Total depth 1860 WEST VIKGINIA GEOJ.OGlCAli SURVEY 423 Zinin Flannagan Well, No. 12. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg' Coal 520 to 530 Cow Run Sand 1021 1081 Salt Sand 1314 1429 Maxtor! Sand 1655 “ 1730 Big Lime 1790 1875 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1891') 1875 1903 Total depth 1935 (Thirty to fifty-barrel well.) Ferry -Davis Well, No. 1. Adjoining Zimid Flannagan farm. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 396 to 402 Cave 620 '' 900 Cow Run Sand 900 940 Salt Sand... 1200 1285 Maxton Sand 1580 1620 Big Lime 1640 1744 Big Injun Sand 1744 “ 1775 Perry-Davis Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 445 to 456 Cave 850 960 Cow Run Sand (hard) 960 1000 Salt Sand (water, 1280') 1230 1340 Big Lime (hard) 1755 1806 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1814') 1806 ‘‘ 1835 (Seventy-five to lOO-barrel well.) Perry-Davis Well, No. 6. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 406 to 418 Cave 600 “ 900 Cow Run vSand 900 “ 913 Salt Sand 1210 1290 Maxton Sand 1555 1600 Big Lime 1680 1752 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1755'; oil, 1759') . . .1752 “ 1778 (Ten-barrel well.) 'rhe exceptional thickness of Pittsburg coal reported from these wells should he tested with diamond drill for confirmation. The oil well drill is not a reliable test for either the (piality or thickness of coal. 424 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (RITCHIE) Festus Kelley Well} No. 1. One mile and a half sniitli of Wliiteoak Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsbiii’g Coal 3G4 to 373 Cave 560 620 Cow Run Sand 790 825 First Salt Sand 1169 '' 1230 Second Salt Sand (water, 1315') 1300 1335 Maxton Sand 1500 1555 Pencil cave 1640 1650 Bi- Lime (oil show, 1679') 1664 ‘‘ 1738 Big Injun Sand (light gas, 1741') 1738 1756 (Practically dry hole.) Maxivell Heirs’ Well, No. 1. Ihvo miles from Berea, near Slab creek. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1005 to 1075 Gas Sand 1310 1390 First Salt Sand 1520 1610 Second Salt Sand 1805 1845 Slate 1845 1850 Maxton Sand (gas, 1870') 1850 1935 More gas 1965 Big Lime 1995 2062 Big Injun Sand 2062 J. R. Knight Well, No. 1. Two mil as northeast of Berea Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 545 to 550 Cave 800 975 Cow Run Sand 1045 1096 Salt Sand 1270 1450 Maxton Sand 1694 1762 Big Lime 1850 1926 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1935') 1926 1954 Total (le})th . 1960 (Five to teu-harrel well.) n. C. Griffin Well, No. 1. Neer Holbrook. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet Feet Coal (Elk Lick?) 526 to 532 Salt Sand 810 and 944 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 425 Cave ....1100 Miixotn Sand 1590 to 1018 Big Lime 1018 1085 Big Tnjmi Sand (gas, 1090') 1085 1710 Total depth 1759 C. 1C. Nutter Well, No. 1. Near Holbrook. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. No Pittsburg Coal. Cave 575 to 825 Cow Rim Sand 850 870 Second Cow Run Sand 945 ‘‘ 975 Salt Sand 1170 1200 Maxton Sand 1007 1037 Big Lime 1000 1750 Big Injun Sand 1755 1799 Berea? Sand 1959 1971 Total depth 2001 M. B. Zinn Well, No. 1. One mile west of Holbrook, two miles south of Prunty field. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 375 to 381 vow Rim Sand 804 830 First Salt Sand 1201 1305 Second Salt Sand 1350 1404 Maxton Sand 1550 1500 Big Lime 1071 1740 Big Injim Sand 1740 1770 Berea? Sand 1942 '' 1957 Total depth 2001 James T. Som merville Well, No. 1. Near Aulnirn, southeastern corner of Ritchie county. Authoidty, Thomas IL Davis & Son. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand (gas) 925 to 950 First Salt Sand 1190 1230 Second Salt Sand 1240 1310 Red rock 1405 '' 1545 Little Lime 1000 '' 1700 Big Lime (show of oil) 1723 “ 1745 Big Injun Sand 1745 ‘‘ 1791 Slate, shells and sandstone 1791 “ 1940 “Tools were stuck in a hard substance presumed to be cap of Berea Grit or Gantz Sand at 1,940 feet. No coal found in any 426 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (lilTCHIE) formation except some drift at surface about four feet thick presumed to be the Washin^^ton coal vein.” Amos Ferrine Well, No. 1. Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 Sand 16 to 38 Red rock 38 ( i 123 Sand 123 i ( 145 Red roek ( ( 205 Sand 205 (( 225 Red roek and shells 225 t ( 275 Sand 275 { ( 303 Red roek 303 ( ( 378 Slate 378 ( ( 406 Red roek 406 ( ( 504 Sand 504 ( ( 518 Red roek and shells 518 ( ( 570 Coal? 570 t < 574 Red roek 574 (C 649 Blaek slate 649 ( ( 669 Red roek 669 C( 679 Sand 679 ( t 689 Red roek 689 ( ( 724 Sand 724 ll 764 Red roek 764 It 794 Sand 794 n 804 White slate 804 {( 884 Sand 884 1 1 97() Slate and shells 976 ( c 1040 Blaek slate 1040 u 1120 Sliale 1120 ll 1140 Cow Run Sand 1140 (1 1214 Blaek slate 1214 1 1 1244 Sand 1244 ll 1269 Blaek slate 1269 1 1 1339 Shell 1339 1 1 1344 Slate 1344 ll 1414 Sand and lime 1414 ll 1439 Salt Sand 1439 i 1 1504 Blaek slate 1504 ll 1519 Sand 1519 ll 1529 Red rock 1529 ll 1555 Slate 1555 ll 1565 Bic: Lime 1565 ll 1661 Bijy Injnn Sand 1661 1 1 1736 Slate and shells 1736 ll 1981 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 427 Berea Grit*? 1981 2041 Unrecorded 2041 '' 227G Sandy lime 2270 2291 Slate and sliells 2291 '' 2541 Shale 2541 '' 2601 Red rock 2601 '' 2629 Slate and shells 2629 '' 2783 Depth 2783 David G. Law Well, No. 1. Union district, near Lawford Postoffice, between Burnt House and Newberne. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal None Cave 550 to 682 Cow Run Sand 745 '' 780 Salt Sand (oil, water and gas at 1140') . . 902 1187 Maxton Sand 1540 '' 1582 Big Lime 1669 '' 1702 Big Injun Sand 1730 1819 Total depth 2203 A. A. Clayton Well, No. 1. One mile southwest of Lawford Postoffice. Authority, Cailer Oil Comp ny. Feet. Feet. Cave 6S0 to 930 Cow Run Sand 880 “ 910 Salt Sand 1250 1525 Maxton Sand (gas, 1750') 1700 1765 Big Lime : 1780 1850 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1870') 1850 1930 Berea (gas, 2244') 2236 2251 Total depth 2271 (Small gas well.) John Well, No. 1. Four miles northwest of Lawford Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal (absent). Cave 600 to 875 Cow Run Sand 875 890 Salt Sand 1455 1550 Maxton Sand (gas, 1590') 1560 1605 Big Lime 1075 1750 Big Injun Sand 1750 1840 Berea (all lime) 2125 2140 428 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (RITCHIE) Total depth 2232 (Fair gas well in Maxton Sand.) L. C. Goff Well, No. 1. Three miles west of Lawford Postoffice, Murphy district, and three miles north of Burnt House. Authority, Carter Oil Com- pany. Feet. Feet. Cave 620 to 970 Cow Run Sand 1000 1010 First Salt Sand (water, 1275') 1250 1300 Second Salt Sand 1350 1400 Maxton Sand (oil and gas, 1730') 1700 1740 Big Lime 1830 1926 Big Injun Sand (show oil, 1925') 1926 1986 (One-barrel well, in Maxton Sand.) F. P. Goff Well, No. 1. Spruce creek, four miles west of Lawford Postoffice. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal? 115 to 117 Cave 500 700 Cow Run Sand 700 730 Gas Sand 860 945 First Salt Sand 1000 1190 Second Salt Sand 1243 1393 Maxton Sand 1525 1555 Pencil cave 1570 1575 Big Lime (gas, 1620') 1575 1680 Big Injun Sand (gas, 1722') 1680 1740 Berea Sand 2008 2015 Total dei)th 2170 (Dry hole.) The driller has identified the coal at top of this section with the Pittsburg bed, but it belongs about 200 feet higher than that stratum. Ifarkness Well, No. 1. Near Cornwallis, Grant district. Authority, Prof. John P. Carll. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Conductor 37 Unrecorded 73 110 Bluff Sand 60 170 Unrecorded 430 600 Little Dunkard Sand 15 615 Unrecorded 75 690 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 420 Second Dunkard Sand 35 725 Unrecorded 355 lOSO First Salt Sand 40 1120 Black slate 35 1155 Second Salt Sand 95 1250 Unrecorded 50 1300 0T8T 01 Puug p.inH White sand 55 1305 Slate 5 1370 Gas Sand 20 1390 Black slate 3S 1428 Oil sand (Maxton?) Cairo 45 1473 (Gas, 1433-36'; oil, 1450-70'; water, 1435'.) Ilarkness Well, No. 2. Near Cornwallis. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth, Feet. Feet. Conductor 13 Unrecorded 262 275 Blnfl Sand 05 340 Unrecorded 525 865 Big* Dunkard Sand 35 900 Second Dunkard Sand 345 1245 First Salt Sand 45 1290 Unrecorded 30 1320 Second Salt Sand 100 1420 Unrecorded 80 1500 Gas Sand 50 1550 Slate 82 1632 Cairo (Maxton?) Oil Sand (1st pay, 1642'; 2d pay, 1647') 25 1657 Gilbert Well, No. 1. Cornwallis. Authority, Fisher Oil Company. Feet. Cairo Sand (gas, 1491; oil, 1497') 1473 Bottom 1506 Gilbert Well, No. 2. Feet. Cairo Sand (gas, 1517'; oil, 1538') 1507 Bottom 1 541 Gilbert Well, No. 3. Feet. Ten-inch casing 85 Eight and one-foiulh-inch casing 700 Six and hve-eighths-inch casing 1150 Cairo Sand 1467 Bottom 1510 430 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Near ( I ! William Hall Ileirs^ Well, No. 1. Cairo. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. 720 1320 to Feet. 1360 1443 ( ( 1469 790 1443 1457 1469 William Hall Heirs’ Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Dunkard Sand (Cow Run) 735 1410- to 1445 Cairo Sand (Maxton) 1520 i ( 1552 Gas, 1527'; oil, 1543'. William Hall Heirs’ Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Dunkard Sand (Cow Run) 785 '‘Salt’’ Sand (Cairo, Maxton?). 1537 to 1595 vjr^ioj oLiUli^ on 1575 1584 1600 Williani Hall Heirs’ Well, No. 4. Feet, to 1030 ‘‘ 1527 ‘ ^ 1640 Stren^' oas at'l594 feet; oil, 1630 feet, with increase to 1634 feet. A. Hall Well, No. 1. Cairo and Cornwallis district. Authority, South Penn Oil Corn- Feet. Cow Run Sand Gas Sand Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxotn?) 1594 pany. Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton?) Gas Oil Bottom Feet. .1629 .1629 .1631 .1648 A. Y. Pew Well, No. 2. One mile northwest of Cairo. Authority, Mr. Michael Hardy, Foreman, Clark Oil Company. Top Carroll Sand Pay at Bottom Sand Feet. . 270 . 275 . 295 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 431 The Can-oil Sand liivs about 200 feet above the Pittsburg coal, and is tlie highest oil horizon yet known in the State. The following r.eord will show its relation to the Cairo Oil Sand : J. C. Lee Well, No. 10. One mile northwt^st Cairo. Authority, Mr. Michael Hardy, Foreman, Clark Oil Company. Feet. Top Carroll Sand 320 First pay 325 Bottom Sand 345 Gas Sand (top) 1510 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton.) 1575 Oil at 1609 Bottom of hole 1623 “Ten-barrel well in Salt Sand in 1892, and making two barrels now (May 17, 1904).” “The well produced fifteen barrels daily from the Carroll Sand at first, but was abandoned and drilled to the Cairo Sand after five months.” The record of Lee well No. 6, on the summit of a hill, one- half mile northwest from Cairo, was kept for the Survey with much care by William A. Clark, President of the Clark Oil Com- pany, and it reads as follows: Lee Well, No. 6. Thickness, Depth. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 35 35 Coal (Washington or Waynesbnrg “A”) 2 37 Unrecorded 213 250 Carroll Oil Sand 40 290 Red beds (10-incli casing( 330 feet) (iO 350 Lime shells^’ 95 445 Red rock 35 SO Wliite slate and “lime shells” 160 (il* ‘‘Big” r(Hl bed 100 74 (. Llack shite and lime 115 855 Unrecorded 20 875 “Pink cave” (814-ioeh casing) 10 885 Unrecorded to bottom of a sand. ........ 25 910 Black slate 50 960 Sand Dunkard (Cow Run) 40 1000 Slate, black 30 1030 432 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOBDS (RITCHIE) Red rock 15 1045 Sandstone, very hard 10 1055 Limestone 15 1070 White slate and ‘‘shells” 50 1120 Sandstone 25 1145 Black slate and “lime shells” 47 1192 Sand 15 1207 Slate, black 33 1240 Sand 35 1275 Dark Coaly shales (“cave”), cased 6V4", 1310' 45 1320 “Casing sand” 40 1360 Shale, black 15 1375 Sand, pebbly (top “Salt Sand”) 113 1488 Slate, black 10 1498 Shale, gray 10 1508 Slate 22 1530 “Gas Sand” 20 1550 Slate and shells 20 1570 Shale, gray 20 1590 Sand 10 1600 Shale, black 5 1605 Sandy beds, limy 5 1610 Sand, white 15 1625 Black slate and lime 20 1635 “Salt Sand,” Cairo and Maxton Oil Sand; broken for 15 feet; very hard and dark, then whiter at 1660 feet, softer at 1680 feet, showing oil at 1682^2 feet; through ‘pay’ at 1687 feet; sand harder, with bluish cast at 1690 feet, and making three barrels of salt water per hour; soft sand to bottom; total thickness 55 1700 “Big Lime” (Mountain Limestone) to bottom of well 35 1735 The top of the ‘‘Big Injun” Sand would be found at about 1,790 feet in this well, since the Mountain Limestone is 80 to 90 feet thick in the Cairo region, hence the base of the Carroll Sand comes here 1,500 feet above the “Big Injun” oil sand, and as the Berea Grit lies 495 feet below the top of the “Big Injun” Sand, as shown by the record of Hatlield No. 2, near Cairo, then this Carroll Sand would be 1,995 feet above the Berea Grit hori- zon at Cairo, thus showing a thickening of 200 feet between St. Marys and Cairo, since the Tan Lot well at St. Marys, Ideasants WEST VTUGTNIA GEOLOOxTCAL SURVEY 433 county, 15 miles iiortli ol‘ Cairo, found the Berea at only 1,790 feet below the base of the massive sandstone and Maeksburg coal whicli eroi) out there, and the St. Marys sand rock appears to be identical with the Carroll Sand of this record. The Cairo oil held was first opened in October, 1890, by Messrs. Boden and Aiken of Pai’kersburg. Their first well, which is now owned by the Cairo Oil Company, is situated one-fourth of a mile south from the railroad station, and the record reads as follows, according to Boden & Aiken, the original owners: Boden & Aiken Well, No. 1. Thickness Depth ! Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 to 16 Limestone 12 28 Shale 12 40 Sand 15 55 Shale 30 85 Shale, light 45 130 Sand, sharp, white (Carroll Oil Sand) .... 43 173 Shale (7%" casing, 175') 36 ‘‘ 209 ' Coal 1 “ 210 Sand, dark 11 221 Shale, light 12 233 Slate, red 16 “ 249 Shale, light 12 261 Slate, red 10 271 Sand, dark gray 7 278 Slate ...‘ 11 289 Slate, red 19 308 Shale, soft, blue 20 328 • , Shale, red 9 337 Limestone 10 347 Shale, light 52 399 ' Red rock 10 409 Shale, light 7 “ 416 Red luck 2 418 Shale, light 5 423 Red j’oek 44 467 Shale, light 16 483 Sand 25 ‘‘ 508 Red rock 15 523 Shale, light 11 534 Red rock 9 ‘‘ .543 Shale, light .... , 30 ‘‘ .573 Red rock 5 ‘ ‘ 578 Sand 55 633 434 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Red rock 26 659 Shale, light 19 678 Red rock 20 698 Sand (5%-inch casing, 725') 78 776 Shale, light 12 788 Shale, dark 25 813 Shale, red, sandy 13 “ 826 Shale, light 92 918 Sand 5 923 Shale, black 10 933 Shale, light 135 1068 Sand, light 64 1132 Shale, light 26 1158 Shale, black 20 ‘‘ 1178 Sand, gas 90 1268 Shale, gray 94 ‘‘ 1362 Sand r. 10 1372 Shale 70 1442 Sand (Cairo Oil Sand) 57 1499 Shale 16 1515 Mountain ( limestone 50 ) T 1 1. 1 1 10 I r-zl icon Sand “Big Injun” (oil, 1678') 97 1686 Unrecorded to bottom 374 “ 2060 The Cairo Sand (which is also often called ‘‘Salt Sand’’) comes just above the top of the Mountain Limestone or “Big Lime” of the drillers, and hence is most probably identical with the Maxton Sand of Tyler county. This latter oil sand was for- merly su])i)osed to be a member of the Pottsville or Salt Sand for- mation, but it is now known to a certainty that it belongs in the Manch Chunk beds, since the red shales occur between the Maxton Sand, and the base of the Pottsville. Hence the Cairo Oil Sand which ivas formerly regai'ded as a member of the Potts- ville formation by the writer, is not so regarded now, although no red shales appear between it and' the Pottsville beds in the region of Cairo. Eddy Well, No. 1. Near Cairo. Authority, McCalmont Oil Company. Thickness, Depth. Feet. Feet. 10 50 Conductor Bluff Sand 40 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 435 ‘‘IMoiiiitaiii” Sand 120 170 Rod rock 50 220 l\Iixed slate 40 260 Carroll Sand, fresh water 55 295 Slate 120 415 Slate and sand, mixed 65 480 Slate and red rock 75 555 Lime, sand and red rock mixed 45 600 Slate and red rock 40 640 Red rock, first cave 20 660 Limestone 45 705 Red rock and slate, mixed 145 850 Sand and slate 15 865 Big' red rock cave (8^/4" casing, 930') .... 65 930 Dnnkard Sand (Cow Run) 60 990 White lime 30 1020 Slate and sand, mixed SO 1100 Black shale and slate !". . . 190 1290 Sand and lime, mixed 15 1305 Slate and cave 10 1315 Sand; gas and oil in top 25 1340 Cave, second streak 55 1395 Lime and sand (6)4" casing) 14 1409 Slate and lime, mixed 91 1500 ' Black lime 45 1545 Slate 30 1575 Gas Sand (gas, 1595') 55 1630 Slate 20 1650 Salt Sand (oil show, 1710'; watei’, 1716'). 93 1743 Big Lime 97 1840 Rig Injun Sand (little black oil in bottom) S3 1923 Slate 320 2243 Shell, with some gas (Berea) 5 2248 Slate 37 2285 ! Shells 10 2295 ' Bottom 2317 This record gives intervals between irn])ortant sti-ata and shows that the Jierea Sand lies 500 feet below the top of the Big Lime, and about 1300 f(*et below the Cow Run or Diinkai’d Sand. Idle Pittsburg coal horizon would eonie at about 500 f(H!t in this record. Sleeth Well, No. 1. 'Lliree-fourths of a mile south of Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Top well 700' A. T. Peet. Feet Salt SfVjd (Cairo, Maxton) (oil, 1500') .. .1455 to 1520 43r» OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Big Injun Sand (gas, 1613-23') 1605 1679 Oil shows 1628 and 1654 McGregor Well, No. 4. Cairo. Authority, lh*of. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth, Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1508 1508 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) (oil, 1526') .. . 31 1539 Big Lime, etc 97 1636 Big Injun Sand (dry) 128 1764 Pebbly slate 30 1794 McGregor Well, No. 5. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1471 1471 Salt Sand (unproductive) 17 1488 Lhirecorded (Big Lime) 95 1583 Big Injun Sand (good pay, 1598') 75 1658 ( Eighty-five-barrel well.) McGregor Well, No. 6. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth, Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 1616 1616 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) 37 1653 Unrecorded (Big Lime) 102 1755 Big Injun Sand 130 1885 M. C. Sweeney Well, No. 1. Near Cairo. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Gas Sand 1659 Pay 1700 Slate 1706 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) 1745 First ^^pay’’ 1786 Total de))th 1793 M. C. Sweeney Well, No. 3. Feet. Gas Sand 1768 Pay 1809 Slate 1815 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) 1881 First pay 1906 Bottom 1917 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SIJKVEY 437 JL J. Lynch Well, No. 1. Cairo. Authority, Soiitli Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Him Sand 700 to 700 Gas Sand 1300 1370 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) (oil, 14G9') . . .1457 1478 A. M. Douglass Well, No. 2. Tlir(‘e-l;‘(mrths ot' a mile south of Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Salt Sand (oil) . , Dark sand Sand, show oil . . Gas and oil, show Sand Slate Dark lime White lime Rig’ Injnn Sand (show oil, 1661') . . . . Total depth E. Moats Well, No. I Rig' Lime Feet. Feet. ..1468 to 1500 ..1500 i i 1502 i ( 1530 . .1530 ( ( 1538 ..1538 1 1 1546 ..1546 ( ( 1559 1559 (1 1574 1574 i i 1648 . .1648 i ( 1757 1858 2 . One mile south of Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Com^jany. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (no gas) 1626 to 1646 Top Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) 1650 Fii’st oil 1700 Good Sand to 1708 Hard, white sand to 1711 Retter sand, more oil 1735 Roitom of well 1717 J . Moats Well, No. 4. One mile south of Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (gas, 1618') 1585 to 1638 ‘ ' Rreak ’ ' slate 1638 ‘ ' 1672 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) oil, 1694 and 1705' 1672 ‘‘ 1710 Keener Sand (Rig Injnn) oil 1820 1839 r/. Moats Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Well month 870' A. T. Gas Sand, nearly all sand from 1385 Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) oil, 1715' 1690 to 1728 Rig Injnn or Keener Sand (gas and oil) . .1831 ‘‘ 1842 Total depth 1852 m OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (KITCHIE) J. A. Davidson Well, No. 6. Two miles south of Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Comi)any. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 1568 to 1626 Salt Sand ((]airo, Maxton) show gajs, 1705'; oil, 1715' 1664 1740 Top Keener Sand (little gas, 1831') 1815 Dig Injun Sand 1851 1942 Total depth 1.969 J. II. Davidson Well, No. 7. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (little gas, 1370') 1320 to 1378 Salt Sand (little oil, 1454'; gas, 1472') . . .1407 1480 Top of Keener Sand 1548 Strong gas 1558 Bottom well ]568 ^^Tliis is the only good gas well struck near Cairo.’’ Fred Fichey Well, No. 2. Three and one-half miles south from Cairo. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (gas, 1760') 1726 to 1805 Salt Sand (no break) 1805 First oil 1860 Bottom of well 1860 Fred Fickey Well, No. 6. 1800 feet west and a litth^ south of Fickey well. No. 2. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (no gas) ■ .1565 to 1604 Salt Sand (show oil, 1698') Bi{»’ liijun Sand (no ()il or p’n.s) .1660 . 1785 i ( 1715 1900 S(iiiavv Sand (gas, 1909') .1905 Another sand (12 feet) . 1929 Bot tom of well 1940 FicJixy Well, No. 8. 300 feet iioi-th of Fickey No. 6. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (little oil, 1700') Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) dry . 1640 to J734 .1734 ( ( 1762 Big Injnn Sand (gas, 1943'; big gas, 1977' ) (show oil, 1987') .1855 ( ( 1 987 Slate .1987 1992 Shell Sand (Sio- Tiijnn Sand, to}) 1950 Little gas 2042 Finished 2045 G. W. Twyman Well,. Three miles southwest Petroleum Station. Authority, Robert Wallace. Feet. Feet. First Cow Run Sand 706 to ' 731 Second Cow Run Sand 796 1 i 851 Third Cow Run Sand 1148 i 1 1217 Top Salt Sand 1487 Black slate 1540 Second Salt Sand 1548 (( 1578 Big Lime 1578 t ( 1628 Black slate 1661 Big Injun Sand 1661 ( ( 1740 Good Sand ; some oil ; no water in any sand.” J. Jy. Lewis Well, No. 1. Near Rusk Postollice, in western edg^e of county. Authority, F. E. Boden. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 20 20 Siiale, white 10 30 Red rock 100 130 Sandslone, lUulf 35 105 Sliale, black (1 0-inch casing) 5 170 Red rock 75 245 Shale, white 25 270 Lime 30 300 Red rock 40 340 Shale, black and white .^. . . 15 355 Sandstone 10 365 Red rock 130 495 Shale, white 20 515 Sandstone, white 15 530 Red rock 60 590 Lime 35 625 Shale, white casing) 25 650 uo OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (lilTCHlE) Little Dunkard, First Cow Run Sand Red rock Shale, black Bi^' Dunkard Sand (Mahoning) Slate, black Slate, white Sandstoite, white (gas, 970') Slate, white Sand Cave and slate (6^/4" casing) Sandstone (top of Pottsville) Slate, wdiite Slate, black Lime Sandstone, white Slate, black Sandstone, white (Gas Sand) Lime Sandstone, white Slate, white Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) Sandstone, black Sandstone, white Big Lime Keener Sand Sand and slate, black Big Injun Sand (gas, 1595') Slate and shale, black, to bottom 20 670 10 680 10 690 55 745 10 755 160 915 75 990 15 1005 60 1065 35 1100 63 1163 47 1210 35 1245 15 1260 55 1315 8 1323 54 1377 5 1382 40 1422 5 1427 42 1469 13 1482 15 1497 38 1535 30 1565 10 1575 72 1647 178 1825 This detailed section shows that the ‘‘Gas Sand” of the Cairo region is probabl}^ the basal member of the Pottsville for- mation, and therefore entirely another and lower horizon than the “Gas Sand” of Marion, Wetzel, etc., which belongs in the Allegheny formation, and probably the sand struck at 915 feet in this record. W. A. Flesher Well, No. 1. One-half mile south of Smithville. Authority, Carter Oil Co. % Feet. Feet. Coal 290 to 293 Cow Ran Sand 830 i ( 870 Coal? 1200 ( 1 1212 Salt Sand 1250 C( 1330 Big Ijimc C ( 1741 Big Jnjnn Sand Total depth 1741 ( ( 1772 1892 . WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 441 W. B. Holt Well, No. 1. South fork Hughes rivor, two miles below Sniithville. Authority, Carter Oil Compnuy. Feet. Feet. Macksbnrgf Coal 140 to 145 Cave 580 (t 780 Cow Run Sand 780 a 800 Salt Sand (oil, 1497') 1481 < i 1502 Total depth 1509 (Five-barrel well.) A. Wright Well, No. 4. One mile southeast of Alellin, Murphy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 1590 to 1612 Salt Sand (oil, 1714 to 1722'; water, 1724') 1647 1734 (Ten-barrel w^ell.) D. Eddy Well, No. 4. One mile southeast of ATellin, Murphy district Authority, South Penn Oil Company. (Steel line.) Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 1513 to 1533 Salt Sand (oil, 1645-52'; water, 1664') . . .1573 1664 (Five* barrel well.) C. Caniphell Well, No. 8. One mile and a half southeast of Mellin. Authority, South Penn ■ Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (gas, 1532') 1522 to 1582 Salt Sand (gas, 1590'; oil, 1097'; water 1678') 1590 1700 (Ten-barrel well.) The record of a well drilled within 300 feet of the Ritchie Mine (fissure holding grahamite) on Macfarlan run, was pub- lished in A^ol. 1, pages 308-9. In this weW only a small quantity of oil w^as found. This Sand was good but the ‘‘w^ell acted as though the Sand had been drained.” Other wells drilled farthei* away from the fissure however, secured good producing sand as shown by the following records : 442 OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS lilTCHIE) Dolan Well, No. 1. 600 feet west of south of Ritchie Mines, Murphy district. Au- thority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Conductor 9 Ten-inch casing 500 Eight and one-fonrth-inch casing IGGO Six and one-fonrth-inch casing 1460 Four and seven-eighths-inch casing 1868 Salt Sand (gas, 1807'; oil, 1819'; water, 1835') 1752 to 1860 Keener Sand (oil and gas, 1920') 1915 1932 Big Injun Sand, limy for 50 feet 1932 2030 Slate '. 2030 2045 Squaw Sand (two screws) 2045 Bottom 2067 (Fifty to seventy-five— barrel well.) Dolan Well, No. 3. 1000 feet west of south of Ritchie Mines. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (little gas) 1670 to 1748 Salt Sand 1748 1857 Little gas 1815 Little black oil 1822 More oil 1834 Water and more oil 1846 IMore water 1852 Big Lime Keener Sand (no oil) 1942 1980 Rig Injun Sand, white and good 1980 2025 Total depth 2068 (Fifty to seventy-five barrel well.) Furry Well, No. 4. 1000 feet west of south of Ritchie Mines. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Peet. Feet. Gas Sand 1610 to 1630 Slate 1630 1730 Salt Sand, top 1730 ‘‘ 1745 Slate 1745 '' 1762 Salt Sand (gas, 1772'; gas and oil, 1780'). 1762 1821 Keener Sand 1883 1905 Lime 1905 '' 1925 Big Injun Sand (oil) 1925 2013 (Fifty to. seventy-five-barrel well.) WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 443 F. FrihUe Well, No. 2. One-half mile south 12° west of Ritchie Mines. Anthoilty Cairo f* ^ Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 1430 to 1442 Salt Sand 1461 i i 1479 Shale “break” 1479 ( ( 1497 Salt Sand (little gas) 1499 First oil 1507 Hard sand 1520 Good sand to 1530 Sand, very white, to 1536 Good sand and more oil Bottom 1549 L. Lemmons Well, No. 1. One mile east of Macfarlan. Authority, Cairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (gas, 1335') . .1300 to 1425 Salt Sand ..1434 ( ( 1541 Good gas at , . .1444 Break, slate ..1169 ( ( 1481 Little oil at , . .1500 Big Injun Sand (oil, 1631'; gas, 1636') . . . .1631 ( i 1730 ['hells and slate ..1730 1 i 1783 F. J. Lemmon Well, No. 1. One-half mile enst of IMaefarlan. Authority, (Jairo Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand 1550 to 1580 ^Mlreak” (slate) .... Salt^ Sand (gas, I()45'; gas and oil show, 1085') 1G25 ‘‘ 1732 Dialled ihrongli Dig Lime and Big Tnjnn Sand. Top of Big Injnn Sand 1705 Slate and Jiaial, jioor sand, break at 1900 Bottom well 1021 ‘‘Little gas in Keener.” A. E. Ryan Well, No. 1. Near Macfarlan. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Coal • 220 Fii’st (5)w Run Sand 716 to 734 Second Cow Run Sand 925 “ 940 Siuid 1200 “ 1305 Gas Sand (first) 1407 “ 1505 Gas Sand, (second) 1552 “ 1601 444 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (RITCHIE) Salt Sand 1605 Big Lime 1735 Big Injun Sand 1813 Total dei)lli Smion Stemms Well, No. 1. 1732 1813 1898 2326 Murphy district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Sand .... 8 to 88 Shale .... 88 i ( 263 Shale, red rock .... 315 1 ( 770 Sand .... 770 ( 1 800 Red rock 800 1 i 923 Cow Run Sand 923 i 1 978 Shale .... 978 ( i 1200 ’ Sand ....1200 1 ( 1260 Shale . . . .1260 ( i 1373 Salt Sand ....1373 { ( 1473 Shale ....1473 ( ( 1598 Cairo or Maxton Sand ....1598 ( ( 1650 Black shale ....1650 i ( 1678 Big Lime . . . .1678 ( i 1762 Big Injun Sand ....1762 i 1 1857 Total depth 2838 Frederick Miller Well, No. 1. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Sand 170 to 270 White sand .... 270 i c 295 Sand 295 i i 335 White slate . ... 335 i ( 355 Sand . ... 355 l i 445 Slate . ... 445 i ( 465 Lime . ... 465 i c 615 Red rock .... 615 i i 635 White slate . ... 6.35 1 1 670 Sand . ... 670 < { 710 Slate . ... 710 (( 735 Sand : . ... 735 C i 740 Black slate ( c 745 Sand 745 ( ( 761 White slate . ... 761 ( ( 776 Black slate (i 821 Red rock < ( 866 Cow Run Sand . ... 866 ( ( 910 White slate ( ( 960 Limestone ( i .1035 Black slate ( i 1095 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 445 Sand ( c 1137 Black slate 1137 ( c 1237 Sand 1237 i ( 1287 Black slate 1287 ( c 1357 Gas Sand 1357 { c 1387 White slate . . . .1387 i i 1397 Gas Sand ....1397 ( ( 1425 White slate ....1425 i 1 1447 Cairo Sand (Maxton) ....1447 i ( 1490 Strong gas ....1456 Oil, small show ....1474 Oil, best Bottom ....1476 1506 Frederick Miller Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand (Cairo, Maxton) . . . ....1609 Gas ....1629 Oil show ....1650 Keener Sand ....1753 to 1763 Big Injun Sand i Total depth ....1768 ( ( 1885 1896 Frederick Miller Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand (gas, 1656'; little oil Keener Sand (oil, 1786') , 1667')... 1652 ....1781 to 1800 Big Injun Sand . . . .1800 i i 1910 WOOD COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Wood county lies directly west from Ritchie and southwest from Ideascints, and hence comes within the productive oil region of the State. The Burning S[)rings-Eureka anticlinal uplift passes north- ward (N. 10° E.) tlij-oiigh its extreme eastern corner, and hence the county’s oil history began in the early 60 ’s soon aft(‘r oil had been disveloped in the adjoining (‘ounty of Wirt, although its mod- ern develo[)njent did not begin until the early 90 ’s. The “Shallow” oj “Cow Run” Sands of Wood have prob- ably pmdiKjed more oil than the dec'per ones (“Salt”, Big Injun, and Berea) though these latter have all proven productive in the eastern half of the county. Very little oil has been found west from the Little Kanawha river, api)arently because the rocks are there beyond the limit of the structural disturbance of the Burning Springs anticlinal, and 446 OIL AND GAS WELL REGOKDS (WOOD) hence are nearly horizontal. In drilling through them numerous “shows” of oil and gas are found in all of the regular sands but not in paying quantity. The Berea Grit, or Macksburg Sand of Ohio, is the lowest stratum which has yet prodiiced any oil in Wood county. It lies 340 to 380 feet below the Big Injun Oil Sand, and below it noth- ing but slate (excej)t a “grit” or “shell” at 1610 feet) has been found down to a d(*pth of 1923 feet l)elow the Berea as wo learn from the record of the Momit Fanri Deep Well, No. 16, just east from the Wood county line, the record of which is given on pages 299-300, Vol. I, 1899. The following well records will illustrate the rock succession in Wood county : Well No. 1, Section B, Lot 47. Near Volcano. Authority, Pontius and Stiles. Thickness. Depth. ' Feet. Feet. Conductor 8 8 Sandstone, yellow 4 12 Soapstone, white 15 27 Shale, black 20 47 Shale black 11 58 Sandstone 12 70 Shale, black 6 76 Sandstone 39 115 Sandstone, hard, white 3 11tli 2160 Noah Ogdin Well, No. 2. Ogdiii Pool, IBiioii disti’ict. Authority, Union Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Iiiin Sand 1033 to 1073 Big Injun Sand 1670 1764 Berea (gas and oil) 2154 2163 Bottom " 2182 Montgomery Well, No. 2. Union district. Authority, U. S. Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Rim Sand (oil, 1270') 1260 to 1330 Salt Sand 1590 '' 1645 j\raxton Sand 1690 1780 / Big Injnn Sand 1850 2075 Berea Grit (oil, 2340 to 2347') 2340 ‘‘ 2351 Bottom 2361 ’ Montgomery Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Cow Run vSand 1225 to 1370 Salt Sand 1550 ‘‘ 1595 Maxton Sand 1()50 1740 Big Lime 1740 ‘‘ 1800 Big Injun Sand (water, 1820' and 1860'). 1800 1960 Berea Grit (gas and oil, 2302') 2300 '' 23111/0 ! Bottom 23211/2 Montgomery Well, No. 4. ; 1 Feet. Feet. \ First (5)w Run Sand 710 to 730 (^ave 890 Second Cow h'lm Sand (oil, 1155) 1145 ‘‘ 1165 Salt Sand (Maxton) 1660 “ 1690 I Big Injun Sand (water, 1755') 1740 “ 1920 Berea Grit (gas, 2250') 2249 2260 Bottom 2266 Montgomery Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. First (5)W Run Sand (oil) 750 to 780 Second ('ow h’nn Sand (oil) 1210 “ 1255 ■ Salt Sand (Maxton) (water and oil) ... .1690 “ 1720 ' Big Injun Sand 1800 1980 Bmea (}ri| 2317 2326 452 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (WOOD; J. Brown Well, No. 1. Union district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Second Cow Run Sand 1100 to 1135 Berea Grit (gas, 2212') 2208 2220 Bottom 2225 Grihhle Well, No. 1. Union district. Authority, United States Oil Company. Ogdin pool. Feet. Feet. First Cow Rim Sand . . 960 to 980 Second Cow Rim Sand . .1280 ( ( 1300 Salt Sand (oil, 1500') . .1500 ( { 1550 Big Injim Sand (show oil, 1850') . .1820 ( ( 1955 Berea Grit (oil and gas, 2315') ..2315 ( ( 23221/2 Bottom of well 2332 Pollock Well, No. 5. Near Waverly. Authority, Crawford & Wilson. Feet. Casing ten-inch . 480 Casing eight and one-fourth-inch .1230 Casing six and five-eighths-inch Cow Run Sand . .1100 .1957 Big Injun Sand .1800 to 1957 Berea Sand ..2302 i ( 2310 The records of J. B. Hendershot wells Nos. 1 and 2 which opened the Hendershot pool, six to eight miles south from Wa- verly, is given in Vol. I, pages 292-4. The following is the record of No. 3 well on the same farm: J . B. Hendershot Well, No. 3. Hendershot field. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Duiikai'd Sand 1168 to 1204 Salt Sand 1500 ( ( 1690 Big Injun Sand 1690 C ( 1908 Berea Sand Bottom 22-10 i ( 2250 2259 (Dry.) The driller has made no distinction here between the Salt Sand, Big Ijime and Keener horizons. WEST VIIUHNIA (JEOLDGKJAL SEliVEY 453 EschcnbacJcei' Well, No. 2. irendorsliot pool. Autliorily, U. S. Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Klin Sand K)f)5 to 1140 Gas Sand (water, 1410') 1400 1440 Salt Sand (oil show) 1540 “ 1600 Bio' Injun Sand (water, 1710') 1690 “ 1890 - Berea Grit 2217 2227 Bottom 2332 Ten-inch casing 265 Eight and one-fonrth-ineh casing 1095 Six and five-eighths-inch casing 1890 ■ Eschenhacker Well, No. 3. Feet Feet Cow Run Sand 1155 to 1185 Salt Sand 1500 1580 Big Injnn Sand (water) 1822 1940 Berea Grit 2291 2302 Bottom 2314 McPeak Well, No. 1. Hendershot field. Authority, U. S. Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Klin Sand (water, 1128') 1108 to 1160 Salt Sand (water, 1450') 1440 ‘‘ 1460 Maxton Sand 1()40 1700 Big Injnn Sand (water, 1740') 1725 ‘‘ 1900 Berea Grit 22331/9^' 2240 McPeak Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Ked cave 870 Biack cave 1115 Cow Knn Sand (watei-, 1160') 1140 to 1280 Salt Sand 1480 “ 1495 Keener (Maxton?) Sand 1680 1740 Big Injnn Sand (water, 1770') 1760 1920 Berea Grit (oil and gas, 2268') 2264 2273 McPeak Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Cow Knn Sand 1030 to 1070 Salt Sand 1400 1480 Maxton Sand 1600 16()0 Big Injnn Sand 1700 1850 Berea Gilt (gas and oil, 2200') 2200 ‘‘ 2211 Ten-inch casing 230 Eight and one-fonrth-inch casing 1040 Six and live-eighths-inch easing 1850 454 Oil. AKD GAS WELL KECOUDS .WOOD; liulli Wharton Well, No. 1. Ilendersliot pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Hull Sand lOOo to 1025 Salt Sand 1150 1400 Maxton Sand 1520 “ 1500 Pig Lime 1500 1025 Pig Injnn Sand 1025 “ 1830 Pei-ea Colt *. 2110 Total dei)tli 2144 The sand usually termed ‘‘Cow Run” in these records, is in most cases the Second Cow Run Sand. , Ruth Wharton Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1090 to 1130 Salt Sand, Maxton 1500 1070 Pig Tninn Sand 1750 1930 Perea Grit 2215 “ 222S Total depth 2242 Dye Well, No. 1. Hendershot held. Authority, United States Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Red cave 850 Plaek cave 1000 Cow Run Sand 1045 to 1080 Salt Sand (water, 1380') 1380 1425 Maxton-Keener Sands (water, 1575') ... .1555 1015 Pig Injun Sand (water, 1025') 1025 ‘‘ 1825 Perea Grit (oil) 2170 2184 Ten-inch casing 200 Piglit-inch casing 1045 Six and five-eigliths-incli casing 1825 Cltarles Shattuek Well, No. 1,9. Hendershot Pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Limestone 92 to 112 Red cave 880 “ 890 Red rock 940 1000 Sand (water) 1540 1020 Keener and Pig [njiin Sands 1840 ‘‘ 1995 1/nne, hard 2095 2145 Pei'ea Sand 2333 Pottom 2335 WEST VIlUflNIA GEOLO(UCAL SURVEY 455 Charles Slutliuck Well, No. 20. IloiKlorshot field. Aulliority, Soutli Peiiii Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1170 to 1190 Salt Sand 1430 i i 1480 Maxton Sand 1700 ( i 1775 Bi”' Injun Sand 1800 L t 1924 Pierea Sand (oil) 2272 ( i 2284 Bottom 2298 A. B. Wharton Well, No. 1.. Hendershot Pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Berea Sand 2117 Total depth 2153 Elgie Grant Well, No. 1. Hendershot Pool. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Berea Grit (oil, 2238') . .2230 to 2243 Total depth 2254 Elgie Grant Well, No. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand ..1095 to 1115 Salt Sand . .1300 i ( 1435 Maxton Sand 1035 Big Injun Sand . .1720 C ( 1910 Berea Grit . .2230 ( i 2251 Bottom 2203 Elgie Grant Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Berea . .2281 to 2292 De])th 2315 Elgie Grant Well, No. 4. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . .1028 to 1058 Salt and Maxton Sands . . . . . .1408 ( ( 1048 Big Injun Sand . .1048 i i 1848 Shell 2128 Berea . .2143 t ( 2150 Total depth 2171 Joshua Burge Well, No. 1. Short distance' nortli 1‘rom Nortiiwestern dMrnpike and one-half 45G OIL AHi} GAS WELL liECOllDS (WOOL) to tliree-fourtlis of a mile westerly from Murphytown, Clay dis- trict. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 10 Red shales 140 150 Sand (10" casing, 245') 25 175 Slate, light thin shells, sand and lime. . . . 375 570 Ihrne and shells 5 575 Sand 25 600 Red cave, etc 200 800 Slate and shells 130 930 Sand (8)4'' easing, 940') 30 960 Slate, dark 50 1010 Sand (little Water, oil show, 1040') 105 1115 Slate 130 1245 Salt Sand (little water) 95 1340 Slate, dark, occasional shells 145 1485 Sand (salt water, 1555') 80 1565 Slate 25 1590 Sand (very soft, white; 6^/4" easing, 1625') ‘ 35 1625 Big Lime, white 45 1670 Sand, Big Injnn (water, 1710-15') 90 1760 Slate, sJiells (5" casing, 1810') 115 1875 Lime, white, sandy 10 1885 Slate, shelly 245 2130 Slate, black 20 2150 Shells, place of Berea 10 2160 Slate to bottom 205 2365 J. D. Walker Well, No. 6. Murphytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1165 to 1195 Salt Sand 1470 Big Injnn Sand 1700 1949 Berea Grit 2301 Total depth 2327 John Alleman Well, No. 1 Murphytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Berea Sand 2192 to 2200 John Alleman Well, No. 2. Feet. Feet. Dnnkard Sand 1180 to 1210 Salt Sand 1420 '' 1550 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY Big Injun Sand , .1750 < { 1950 Berea Oil at . .2203 Total depth 2311 John Alleman Well, No. 5. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand .1172 to 1202 Salt Sand .1457 ( i 1630 Big Injun Sand .1720 ( ( 1935 Berea Sand .2292 ( ( 2299 Total depth 2311 Susan Grant Well, No. 2. Murphytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand ..1180 to 1190 Salt Sand ..1200 Maxton Sand . .1605 i ( 1640 Big Injun Sand ..1710 t i 1870 Berea Sand (oil, 2247') 2242 ( ( 2254 Susan Grant Well, No. 3. Feet. Feet. Cow Run Sand . .1095 to 1122 Salt Sand . .1196 ( ( 1635 Maxton Sand . .1635 i ( 1715 t ig Injun Sand . .1725 ( 1 1910 Berea Sand oo‘>o ( ( 2262 Z>. C. Farrow Well, No. 1. Murphytown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Cow Run Sand 1141 to Salt Sand 1400 Big- Injun Sand 16S0 Berea Grit 226G Total depth 2285 IP. II. Compton Well, No. 1. About three miles above Williamstown, near river. South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Lime 36 to Red rock 51 Coal 128 '' Lime 233 “ White slate 248 Lime 275 '' Red rock 305 Lime 325 ‘‘ Feet. 1211 1870 Autliority, Feet. 51 128 133 248 275 305 325 335 458 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (WOOD) Red ro('k 335 ( ( 350 White slate 350 ( 1 370 Red rock 370 ( 1 400 Lime 400 i i 415 Red rock 415 ( i 450 White slate 450 C ( 470 Lime 470 ( i 495 Red rock 495 i i 550 Lime shale and sand 550 i ( 580 Red rock 580 1 ( 610 White slate 610 ( ( 630 Black slate 630 ( ( 645 Lime 645 i i 670 Pale red rock 670 ( i 705 First Cow Ran Sand 705 i i 735 White slate 735 i i 771 Second Cow Ran Sand 771 ( i 813 White slate 813 i ( 833 Sand 833 ( i 853 Shale 853 i 1 883 Sand 883 i i 976 Slate 976 i ( 1000 Sand 1000 1 i 1090 Slate 1090 ( i 1150 Sand 1150 i i 1210 Slate 1210 i i 1260 Sand 1260 i ( 1335 Slate, shell 1335 i i 1405 Bio’ Injun Sand 1405 i i 1605 Black slate 1605 i i 1615 Slate 1615 i c 1705 Sand 1705 i i 1717 Hard shell 1717 i c 1719 Black shale 1719 i i 1737 Berea Sand 1918 i i 1920 Total depth 1948 M. VF. Athey Well, No. 1. One mile and a half south of Williamstown. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Wiiite sand 230 to 260 Sand i ( 530 Coal (?) ( c 558 I\ed I’ock 600 1 1 700 Cow Run Sand 818 ( ( 840 Salt Sand 970 C ( 1046 Shale and shells 1046 i c 1435 WEST VlUGlNiA GEOL()(UCAE SURVEY 459 Broken Sand (Maxton ?) ... 14:!;') “ 1457 Keener Sand 1490 1520 Big Injnn Sand (gas, oil and w ater. ^ 1588') 1520 1073 Oreer Well, No. 1. Near Vieiiiai Station, tour miles north of Parkersburg. Author- ity, Pi'of. Jolin F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Unrecorded 790 Cow Run Sand (oil, 794'; water, 840'; oil, 870') Unrecorded 49 Sand 20 Unrecorded 75 Salt Sand Unrecorded 314 Big' Lime Big Injun Sand (gas, 1420' and 1507'; water, 1498') Unrecorded (5^4" easing, 1033') 208 Black slate 28 Slate and pebbles (/‘cajU’) ( (lood sand 8' ) slaty sand 5' Unrecorded to })ottoni Elias McEJierson Well, No. J. Berea Feet. Feet. . 790 790 b . 100 890 . 49 945 . 20 905 . 75 1040 . 10 1050 . 314 1370 . 30 1400 203 1003 . 208 1871 . 28 1899 2 1901 1914 . 10 1924 One-half nvil(‘ nortlieast from Red Hill Postofliee, and six miles due east of Parlau'sburg. Authority, Prof. John P. Cai*ll. Thickness. Dejdli. Feet. Feet. Conductoi* 10 Red and lime shells t90 200 Sand, soft, white 25 225 Coal (Washington?) 5 230 Red and lime shells, thin 115 345 Slate, light and dark shells 155 500 Sand 50 550 Slate, gray and soft 110 000 Sand 15 075 Red sand, varying light and dark 105 840 Sand ■.... 30 870 Lime 30 900 Sand (water) 35 935 Slate, black 30 905 Shell, limy (oil, smell) 15 980 4G0 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (WOOD) Slate, dark 25 1005 Slate, white 25 1030 Shells 20 1050 Slate 70 1120 Sand 20 1140 Slate 35 1175 Slate, dark and light 35 1210 Sandstone, dark gray 20 1230 Shells 80 1310 Sand (water, 1320') 50 1360 Shells and slate, dark 115 1475 Slate 25 1500 Sand, light, little water 30 1530 Sand, dark 10 1540 Slate 25 1565 Sand, limy (water, 1590') (Maxton) 40 1605 Big Lime ' 50 1655 Sand (Keener) 15 1670 Slate 60 1730 Sand, dark (Big Injun) 15 1745 Slate 10 1755 Sand, dark and impure 15 1770 Slate (occasional thin shell) 70 1840 Lime (shell, sandy, very hard 5 1845 Slate, thin shells 100 1945 Shells 5 1950 Slate 20 1970 Shell (oil smell) 5 1975 Slate 150 2125 Slate, black 30 2155 Shells (place of Berea) 25 2180 Slate, light, to bottom 93 2273 Marsh Well, No. 1. Slacktown, four miles east of Parkersburg. Authority, John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 30 Shells and sand (water, 115') 90 120 Sliale, black 115 235 Red rock 165 400 Sliale, black 75 475 Sand 15 490 Red rock 125 615 Shale, black 65 680 Lime, shells 20 700 Red rock 190 890 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 401 Cow T\iui Sami (water, 900 to 910') . 110 1000 Slate, black . 40 1040 Sami, liard . 25 1065 Slate, bladv . 40 1105 Sami . 20 1125 Slate, black . 10 1135 Sand . 40 1175 Slate, black . 125 1300 Limy sand . 105 1405 ( sand,yellow and hard. 90' ) Big Injun j black and soft. 115' ( 205 1610 Sand, black and soft Slate and shell (cased, 1725') . 115 1725 . SO 1805 Clear shale . 196 2001 Berea (only shells) . 13 2014 Shale . 216 2230 Luhec and Lehman Well. On Deva] Farm, Tygarts district. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 690 Shale, black . 160 850 Sand (salt water) . no 960 Shale, black . 60 1020 Sand, white . 15 1035 Shale, blue . 25 1060 Sand, white Shale, black . 35 1095 . 20 1115 Sand, white . 15 1130 Shale, black . 20 1150 Sand, white . 50 1200 Shale, black . ()0 1260 Salt Sand . 110 1370 Shale . 20 1390 Big' Lime . 30 1400 Sand, gray (Keener) Slate . 40 1440 5 1''45 Big Injun 45' j .145' ( 190 1635 Sand, gray . 115 1750 Shale, blue Shale, blue (cable measurement. 1936' . 150 1900 wire, 1943') . 43 1943 Sand (gas and oil) Berea (j 1949 Slate, black Sand, dark . 271 2220 . 25 2245 462 OIL AND GAS WELL^ RECORDS (WIRT^ Sliale, black to bottom 755 3000 Poling Fann Well, No. 1. Near Chesterville. Authority, Miller & Sibley. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 14 14 Unrecorded 101 175 Sand 30 205 Unrecorded 330 535 Sand 15 550 Unrecorded 150 700 Sand 15 715 Unrecorded (oil in shell at 870') 243 958 Sand 20 978 Unrecorded 40 1018 Sand, Big' Cow Knn (Water, 1090' and 1165') 150 1168 Unrecorded 67 1235 Sand 25 1260 Unrecorded 10 1270 Sand 61 1331 Uniecorded 25 1356 Sand 56 1412 Slate 78 1490 Big Lime 80 1570 Big Injun Sand 105 1675 Lime, break 10 1685 Big Injun Sand 48 1733 Lime, gritty 67 1800 Slate and shells 347 2147 Black shale 25 2172 Shells, place of Berea .... WIRT COUNTY WELL RECORDS. WUrt C5oiiiity has WMod for its iioidliwosterii boundary, and Calhoun on its southeastern l)order. As already related in Chapter I, the first oil well in the state to be drilled solely for oil was sunk near Burning S])rings in this county, aiul obtained a good flow of oil in one of the numer- ous ‘‘Cow Bun Sands,” so that Wirt was the first county in West Virginia (then Virginia) to produce oil in large quantity. Burn- ing Springs in this county got its name from natural gas which issuing from the ground in a pool of water made by a spriilg, would flash into a flame when a lighted match or torch was held WEST VTllGINIA GEOEOGICAL SURVEY 403 over the eseni)ing’ gas. Tlio ‘‘Spring” was near the crest of the gr(‘at areli in Mie rocks whicli coming down from the southwest along the valley oT S[)ring creek, in a low broad swell, suddenly T’ises into a very })ronoiinced fold with steeply dipping sides, to continue on north about 11° east through Volcano to the Ohio river near Eureka. The early oil operations followed closely the crest of this uplift, the first producing well on the Rathboue tract being locat('d near the axial line of the same wliere a 100 barrel well was secured at a depth of 303 feet, in the Dunkard Sand. The Rolierts Brothers drilled a well through all of the Ve- nango group of Sands in this region, and as its top begins only 25 feet below the Ames (Green Crinoidal) Limestone, and its underlying Friendsville coal, its record is of much interest in fixing the exact geological horizons of the producing oil sands in the Burning Springs region. It reads as follows : Record of Roberts Well, No. 1. Near Burning Springs. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor and red shale 60 60 Limestone, veiy hard 6 66 Red and blue shales 69 135 Sand (water and parafhne) 10 145 Blue shales, soft 99 244 Sand, Dunkard, (Mahoning) good show of oil (Cow Run?) 71 315 Cr’ay and blue shales 57 372 Sand 31 403 Shale " 33 436 Sand, gray, shelly, oil show at base (^‘Gas Sand,’’ Second Cow Run?) 55 491 Shale, gray 79 570 Sand 60 630 Shale, blue an'd gray ITS TkS “Salt Sand,” upper member, good gas How (2,500,000 feet) f 5S 81:6 Shale 14 820 “Salt Sand,” lower member, Cairo (vr Maxton Sand 110 930 Limestone, (“Big Lime”) very hard, lowei- half mixed with sand 115 1045 “Big Injun” Sand, fair oil show 50 1095 Shale, gray 385 1480 464 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS (WIRT) Black shale, mixed with sand (“Berea”) and showing oil 10 1490 Shale, gray 385 1875 Black shale, lower halt mixed with sand (“Gordon”) showing oil 15 1890 Shale, very soft in lower i)ortion to bot- tom of well 120 2010 The sand at 244 feet is the one into which the first well was drilled in 1860, and would api)ear to be the Dunkard Sand (Ma- honing) of I’ennsylvania. The rest of the section speaks for it- self, except that probably the lower half of the ^‘Big Lime” should be included in the Big Injun Sand below. Near Burning Springs village a well drilled into the Big In- jun Sand secured a fair flow of oil in its top. It is known as the Keener Sand well, and its record is as follows, according to Rob- erts Bros. : Keener Well, ofi Rathhone Tract. Elevation above creek level 60 feet. Feet. Feet. (Jow Rim Sand (Dunkard) . ... 272 to 349 Thirty-foot Sand .... 401 i i 432 Five-lmndred-foot Sand . ... 473 a 530 Gas Sand . ... 600 i i 660 Salt Sand (Maxton, Cairo) . ... 777 ( i 960 Big Lime . ... 960 i i 1060 Keener Sand ....1060 i i 1083 Big Injun Sand . . . .1088 ( ( 1128 Rathhone Tract. “Five Hundred-Foot ’ ’ Well. Near Burning Springs. Authority, Roberts Bros. Elevation above creek 56 feet. Feet. Feet. Second Cow Run Sand (Dunkard) . . . ... 206 to 278 Thirty-foot Sand , ... 330 ( i 361 Five-hundred-foot Sand . .. 407 i ( 470 Kalkhone Tract. Second Cow Run Sand Well. Near Burning Springs. Authority, Roberts Bros. Elevation above creek 150 feet. Second Cow Rim Sand Feet. Feet. . 356 to 428 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 405 Tlie followinjx n'cord was ko])t with iriucli care by the late Prof. F. W. iMiiisliali of Marietta, Ohio, and is iiiii)ortant as showiiifi’ the presence of sevei’al coal beds below the surface. Mr. Minshall states that the well be 5 :»ins 70 feet below the Ames lime- stone, and lunice betweii 800 and 850 feet below the horizon of the Ibttsbiir^' coal, the coal bed itself being absent from the meas- ures nearly everywhere in Wirt: Smipson Well, No. 1. Devers Fork. Authority, F. W. Minshall. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Cased at 83 Shale, gray . . 35 118 Coal .. 4 122 Shales, dark . . 16 138 Shale, gray , . 34 173 Sand, dark, firm . 23 196 Sand, i3ebbly , . 11 207 Shale, gray , . 13 220 Coal (Mahoning) ,. 4 224 Shale, gray Sand, gray 3' ‘l Sand, white, coarse .... 0' | . 16 240 Sand, white, finer 3' Sand, gray 28' j Sand, while, fine 8' j Coal, (Upper Freeport) Dnnkard 48 288 3 291 ^ Shale, gray 18 309 Sand, gray Coal and clay (Lower Free- 30 339 i 1 port) 0 345 1 Clay and shales 5 350 Shales, sandy Sand, gray (show 9 359 i oil) 10' ^ Second Sand, white and > Cow 29 388 Allegheny pebbly 19' ) Run Shale, gray Coal and clay (Middle.. 52 440 1 Kittanning) 5 445 Sliale, gray 9 454 Hand 10 464 1 Hhale, gray 8 472 1 Coal, (Lower Kittanning) . . . 4 476 1 Clay ai]d lime 0 482 S belle, gray 38 520 j 466 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOEDS (WIET^ Sand .55' 1 Shale, black .90' Coal . 5' 1 Sand, gray . 5' 1 Shale, black Sand, gray, very hard. . . .28' 1 . 5' ^ Shale, black sand .40' 1 Sand . 3' Shale, black .59' Coal . 1' Sand, white and pebbly. .34' Sand, gray Shale . 5' Big Lime, white Sand, Keener (gas at j Pottsville 330 10 60 925') 15' I Lime 15' j Sand, gray, fine .... 20' ' Shales, light sandy. 5' Sand, gray and I coarse 23' r Sand, white and pebbly 22' Sand, gray 8' Shales, black 4' Sand, white, coarse and pebbly 10' Sand, gray and soft . 13' Shales, gray Shales Sand, gTay, Berea Big Injun Sand 135 ‘ 10 400 15 850 860 920 1055 1065 1465 1480 William Dawson Well, No. 2. Northeast corner of Wirt. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Second Cow Run Sand 1330 to 1430 Gas Sand (gas, 1695') 1690 1720 Small show oil at 1710 Salt Sand (Oil, 1836 and 1854') 1781 1902 (Water, 1800') (Three-barrel well.) A. B. Wilson Well, No. 2. • Northeast corner of Wirt, Burning Springs district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gas Sand (strong gas, 1650') 1560 to 1675 Salt Sand 1687 ‘‘ 1780 WEST VnUUNIA GEOr.OdICAL STIKVEY 467 First pay 1740 1750 Secon(i pay 1704 1780 Total deptli 1795 (Ten-barrel well.) McConaugliey Well, No. 1. One mile and a half sontliwest of Munday Post office, eastern ed»e of Wirt. Authority, Carter Oil Comx)any. Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 277 to 282 Cave 427 i i 552 Cow Run Sand 090 i ( 705 Cow Kim Sand 835 i i 895 Sand (gas, 1040') 1035 1 i 1055 Salt Sand 1100 ( ( 1150 Second Salt Sand 1170 i i 1185 Third Salt Sand and Maxton (ivater and black oil, 1455') 1435 C ( 1545 Pencil cave 1545 ( ( 1560 Big Lime 1560 ( ( 1678 Big Injun Sand 1678 i i 1708 Berea Sand 2090 ( ( 2115 Total depth 2205 Casio Well. No. 1. On Tucker creek, 4P' miles due west of Elizabeth. Authority, Mr. Casto. Feet. Feet. i Conductor, wood 16 Fresh water at 20 Salt water at 363 Ten-inch casing 395 Pittsburg Coal? 64!) to 655 ; Second Cow Run Sand ((8" casing, 1020'). 1021 < ( 1101 1 ’ Ccial 1156 ( ( 1160 ! Sand 1230 ( ( 1345 Top of Ibg Injun Sand (ho le full of water) 1715 Break’’ 1830 ( ( 1860 Sand ((BA" easing, 1955') 1860 ( ( 1955 Hard Lime ( ( 2055 Slate 2055 ( i 2240 Black chalk 2240 t ( 2265 Slate to bottom 2265 ( i 2380 • W. J. M cPhearson Well, No. 1. One mih^ up Tucker creek from Morris [b)stofrice, and six miles wCkS): southwest of Elizabeth. Authority, Carder Oil Company. 488 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (ROANE Feet. Feet. Pittsburg Coal 600 to 603 Cave 800 1025 Cow Run Sand (water, 1065') 1025 1085 Salt Sand (water, 1800') 1500 “ 1870 Big Lime, sandy 1870 “ 1920 Big Injun Sand (water, 1925') 1920 1960 Total depth 2806 (Dry.) E. J. Moore Well, No. 1. Near corner AVood, Wirt and Jackson comities, and nine miles west southwest of Elizabeth. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Cave 600 to 825 Cow Run Sand 975 1015 Salt Sand 1500 1800 Big Lime 1800 1840 Big Injun Sand (water, 1840') 1840 1880 Berea (shells) 2240 2252 Gordon Sand 2600 2608 Total depth 2802 (Dry.) The horizon of the Pittsburg coal would belong at about 530 feet in this well. ROANE COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Roane county lies directly south from Wirt and extends nearly to the Elk river. The great Burning Springs arch rapidly flattens out south- westward from the Little Kanawha river, so that when it enters Roane along the valley of Spring ci*eek the rocks dip away from its crest gently (40 to 50 feet to the mile) northward, while southward there is little or no rever'sul of dip, but a long rise to the south which steepens toward the southern end of the county. Hence geologic stiaicture over a hii'ge poidion of Roaiu' is not favorable to the existence of either oil or gas in commercial quantity. The southern portion of the county, or rather that south from Poca river, has more relief, in the shape of rapid dips to the northwest, and hence gives most promise of future develop- ment. Some good (three to five million feet) gas widls have WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGiCAL SUUVEY already been fonnd in the Injun Sand on th(‘ wnters of Sandy cj'eek in southei*n Roane, and now su[)ply Chariestori with gas. Tliis gas field on Sandy creek has been developed by Mr. Fred l?nul Grosscni), Superintendent of the Kanawha Natural Gas, Light & Fuel Company. The rock pressure is 600 pounds. No regular detailed logs of the wells were kept, but the gas sand was struck at abcnit 1600 feet below the valley of Sandy creek on the Lewis and Geary lands. The surface rocks dip rapidly toward- Walton, from the region of the gas wells, and since the gas has an oily odor, there must be an oil pool of considerable size somewhere down the slope of the strata. Some gas wells and a few small oil wells have also been found ten to twelve miles southwest from Spencer in the Flat Fork i*egion, and Spencer is supplied with gas from that locality. The wells are in the Big Injun Sand, and vary in size from one- third to three million feet. South from Richardson and six to seven miles east fi'om Spencer some small (two to ten barrels) oil wells have been found in the Maxton Sand by the Carter Oil Company. These thrcH^ developments are all that Roaue has yet found in the way of gas and oil production. The future should bring other and larger oil wells, but the search is likely to i)rove long and expensive. The following well records will serve to exhibit the rock succession in the county : The Carter Oil Company drilled a deep well on the Goff and Ileck land, about om^ mile north from the Foltz pool of Maxton Sand oil, and thi*ee to four miles southeast of Triplett I^ostolfice. '^riiis r(‘cord reads as follows, according to Mr. W. H. Aspinwall, of the Carter Oil Company: GoU and Jleck Well, No. 1. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 13 30 43 61 104 30 134 66 200 Red rock •170 OIL AND GAS WELL liECOllDS ^llOANE) Slate and red rock 200 400 Lime 40 440 Sand 40 480 Red rock 20 500 Lime 30 530 Red cave 30 560 Slate 140 700 Bi^ red cave 90 790 Little Diinkard Sand 75 865 Black slate 35 900 White slate 35 935 Bii 2 : Dunkard Sand 35 970 Slate 45 1015 Gas Sand 50 1065 Slate 25 1090 Sand 50 1140 Slate 30 1170 First Salt Sand 100 1270 Slate 10 1280 Second Salt Sand 60 1340 Slate 80 1420 Lime 40 1460 ^ ^ ^ 55 1515 Third Salt Sand (water, 1525'; show of oil, 1695') 198 1713 Big' Lime 87 1800 Big Injun Sand 80 1880 Slate and shells 280 2160 Lime 12 2172 Slate and shells 428 2600 S. F. Foltz Well, No. 1. About one mile south of Golf and Heck well, and six miles east of Spencer. Authority, Carter Oil Company. r Feet. Feet. Cave 525 to 875 Cow Run Sand 1020 1050 Sait Sand 1605 1720 Maxton Sand (oil) 1760 1786 Total depth 1790 Small producer in Maxton Sand. S. F. Foltz Well, No. 6. Authority, Carter Oil Company. Thickness. Deptii. Feet. Feet. First Cow Run Sand (Mahoning) 75 1120 Slate 50 1170 WEST VIIKUNIA (IE()E()GT(3AL SURVEY Second (^)W Run Sand 30 1200 Slate -L220 ]jiine 1'^ 1235 Sand 45 1280 Slate, break 5 12(85 Sand 87 1372 Slate 50 1422 Sand 58 1480 Slate 40 1520 Sand 18 1538 Lime 42 1580 Slate 70 1650 Lime 50 1700 Slate 48 1748 Sand (water, 1770 and 1820') 105 1853 Slate 35 1888 Lime 38 1926 l.Tnxvon Sand 25 1951 ‘ ‘ Maxton Sand, g'ood, but no show of oil or gas. ’ ’ David Simmons Well, No. 1. Six miles east from Spencer. Authority, William Cale. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 Shale 20 36 Shale, bine (water at 40') 10 46 Lime 10 56 Shale, bine 20 76 Shale, red 20 96 Lime 23 119 Shale, red 17 136 Sand 20 156 Shale, bine 10 166 Shale, red 65 231 Tjime 5 236 Shale, blue 15 251 Lime 10 261 Shale, blue 16 277 Sand 41 318 Shale, bine 216 534 Red rock? 16 550 Shale, blue 10 560 Sand 40 600 Shale, bine 15 615 Sand 16 631 Slate, pink, hard 30 661 Slate, blue 5 666 Sand, white 15 681 471 472 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (KOANE) Slate, white Slate, brown Sln te, hi IIP 10 20 34 691 711 745 Slate, brown 98 843 Sand 1 17 860 Slate, bine 20 880 S;ind, p’vay 10 890 Slate 5 895 Tjime 15 910 Shale, bine 12 922 Sand 93 1015 Sliale, black 70 , 1085 Sand, white (cased at 1170') 140 1225 Idme, black 5 1230 Coal 3 1233 Sand, black 15 1248 Tiime, black 8 1256 Sand, white 5 1261 Lime, white 35 1296 Sand, white 12 1308 Slate, black 20 1328 Lime 27 1355 Sand, white 85 1440 Slate, black 15 1455 Lime, white 10 1465 Sand, white 35 1500 Sand, dark 20 1520 Slate and shells 50 1570 Lime, white 8 1578 Sliale, black 12 1590 Limestone 15 1605 Sand, white (Maxton?) 85 1690 Sand, dark 3 1693 Slate, brown 1700 (Dry.) In the extreme eastern ed^e of Roaue, bordering on Clay county, a well was drilled by the Elk River (3il & Gas CompaMy on the Ta liman farm, as follows: P: A. Tollman Well, No. 1. Authority, E. M. Hukill, President Elk River Oil & Gas Com- pany. Feet. Feet. ^and 0 to 60 Ned rock 60 560 Sand 560 580 Slate 580 585 WEST VlllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 475 First Cow Run Sami Slate 670 075 Sami 680 - 775 Slate 77r:> 700 Second Cow Run Sand 790 HOo Slate cS95 '' 1045 Sand 1045 ‘‘ 1085 Slate 1085 ‘‘ 1165 Sand 1165 1212 Slate 1212 1335 Salt Sand 1335 1640 Slate 1640 1650 Little Lime 1650 1742 Pencil cave 1742 1752 Big Lime 1752 “ 1837 Sand (Big Injun) (little gas) 1837 “ 1838 Limestone 1838 “ 1904 Slate 1904 1952 Conductor 27 Casing — Ten-inch, 80 feet; 8i/^-ineh, 580 feet; 6%-incli, 1752 feet. In Vol. I, pages 264-5, the detailed record of a well at Spencer is given, to which the reader is referred. CLAY COUNTY WELL RLCORDS. C'u-.y county lies southeast from Roane, and extends east- ward into the mountain region of the State, where, in the opinion of the writer, the chance of finding either oil or gas in pajdng quantity without an enormous expenditure of money in the search are very few indeed. A few wells have been drilled in Clay, however, and the records of two of them follow; J. M. Gross Well, No. 1. Near Roane county line. Authority, E. M. Hukill, President, Elk River Oil & Gas Company. Feet. Feet. Conductor 18 Unrecorded (10" casing, 24') 18 to 35 Lime 35 125 Sand 125 128 Coal 128 '' 130 Lime 130 '' 175 Sand 175 325 Slate 325 360 Lime 360 ‘‘ 400 474 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (CLAY) Slate . . 400 (( 473 Coal, Coalburg? . . 473 i i 477 lame (8^" casing, 490') ...477 i i 490 Slate . . 490 ( 1 510 Sand . . 510 ( ( 680 Slate .. 680 < c 750 Sand ...750 ( ( 860 Slate . . 860 (( 870 Sand . . 870 ( ( 1022 Slate ..1022 ( ( 1040 Salt Sand . .1040 ( ( 1150 Slate . .1150 ( i 1165 Sand (bottom of Salt Sand) . . . . .1165 i i 1330 Red rock ..1330 ( ( 1333 Lime (6%" casing, 1355') . .1333 ( 1 1390 Slate . .1390 i i 1420 ( Lime ..105' ) Big < Slate (pencil) .. 5' } 1420 i i 1640 ( Lime ..110' ) Sand (Big Injnn) (gas, 1G50') . . ,.1640 i 1 1680 Slate , .1680 ( ( 1690 Lime ..1690 ( i 1775 Slate ..1775 < ( 1890 Lime, shells and slate ,.1890 ( i 2340 Sand (Gordon?) ,.2340 ( ( 2350 Slate ,.2350 ( ( 2422 Harvey Sample Well, No. 1. Elk river, half way between Clay and Clenclenin. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Feet. Feet. White slate 60 to 95 Coal (Coalburg?) 95 ( ( 100 Gray ^sand 100 ( ( 150 White slate 150 ( ( 197 Coal 197 ( c 200 White slate 200 ( ( 285 White sand 285 1 1 350 Wiiite slate 350 i ( 357 Coal 357 ( ( 360 Gray sand 360 ( i 363 Black slate 363 i ( 425 Gray sand 425 ( 1 440 i 1 538 AVhite sand 538 ( i 691 Black slate 691 C 1 730 While sand 1 i 757 Salt Sand 757 1 1 1035 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SlIilVEY 47r> 10.T5 (C 1040 Blnck lime . . . .1040 i ( 1050 White sand ....1050 < ( 1115 Red rock . ...ni5 ( i 1175 Time ....1175 i ( 1225 White sand ....1225 ( < 1260 KSandstoiie and lime ....1260 ( ( 1300 White lime (Big?) . . . .1325 ( ( 1415 Big Injun Sand . . .' . .. .1415 ( ( 1507 Red rock . . . .1507 ( ( 1548 Gray sand ....1548 cc 1555 Slate, sand and shell . . . .1555 ( i 1840 Black slate . . . .1840 ( 1 1890 White slate to bottom . . . .1890 i i 2614 Two barrels per day from Big Injun Sand; well abandoned. It is possible that the 50 feet of ‘‘Lime’’ at 1175 feet is the Big Lime and that the Sand at 1225 feet is the “Keener” Sand horizon, the Big Injun Sand being split up with limy deposits. It is possible that i)aying wells might b'^ found by more drilling in this region. The well begins a few feet below the horizon of the Kanawha Black Flint. The Kanawha formation extends to 7d0 feet, and the New river coarse white sandstones begin there and extends to 1115 feet. The coal at 100 feet is probably the one mined at Clay, near the Elk river level. JACKt^ON COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Jackson county lies immediately west fi*om Roane, and bor- ders the Ohio river on the north. The roclcs of this ;:rea are nearly horizontal, exce])t for a. g(‘ntle dip from the Ohio river southeastward into tba center of a general syncline, the axis of which passes northeast and southwest nearly through the center of the county. Rontlaaist of tliis axis (which is the main trough of the Appalacbian basin) the rocks rise gtmtly to the south- east. This very simple gc'ologic structure is ([uite unfavorable for the accumulation of eitlc'r oil or gas into rich jiools, and hence when the San(h of tlui flaekson county r(‘gion have been penetrated by tlu' drill, a little oil, a little gas, and much water have been found in every well, and in n (airly every Sand, but no ot or gas in commercial cpiantity, the relief evidently being too 476 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (JACKSON) slight to permit the separation of the three substances into pools of commercial value. ITence the future oil history of Jackson does not look bright viewed either by the result of several tests, or from a purely theoretical standpoint, although it is possible that future wells may find better results in some portion of its large untested area. The record of a deep well drilled near Ravenswood is given in Vol. I, pages 283-4. The following well records are from other portions of the county : Sandy ville Well. Near Sandy ville, four miles west of Roane county line. Author- ity, A. E. Fretts. / Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 20 20 Unrecorded 396 416 ‘‘Hurry Up’’ Sand 30 446 Unrecorded 104 550 coal, first vein.... 3' . Pittsburg Coal \ slate 40' r 45 595 I coal, second vein ( ^ (Little Pittsburg) 2' Unrecorded 240 835 Cow Run Sand 15 S50 Unrecorded 125 975 Sand, mixed with black slate Unrecorded (cased in black slate at 1079') 159 1134 Gas Sand (oil show at 1146') 33 - 1167 Unrecorded 333 1500 Salt Sand (large flow of salt water) 120 1620 Unrecorded (cased 6" at 1647') 30 1650 “Big Injun” Sand (gas, watei- and a little oil at 1787 feet) — well not through “Big Injun” Sand at 137 1787 Henry Well. Cottageville. Authority, Dan P. Gist. (Partial record.) Feet. Feet, Coal at 77 First salt water 186 First Cow Run Sand 650 Second Cow Run Sand, bottom 971 to 1006 Thin coal 1011 WEST VIRCxINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 477 Coal 1021 Coal 1023 i ( 1030 Salt Sand 1073 ( i 1111 Coal 1125 ( i 1126 Salt Sand 1158 Black sand . .' 1254 Gray sand 1304 White lime (Big) 1513 ( i 1613 Big Injun Sand 1613 i 1 1739 Berea Grit 2175 Augusta Oil Company’s Well. In sontlieast comer Jackson, on Laurel run, southeast of Ken- tuck Postoffice. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet, Unrecorded ' 280 • First sand 65 345 Slate 72 417 Sand (water) 50 467 Red rock 123 590 Sand 25 615 Red rock 148 763 Red sand 37 800 White slate 110 910 Cow Run Sand (water) 130 1040 Black slate 70 1110 Sand 15 1125 Slate 40 1165 White Sand (fair show of oil) 60 1225 Black slate 25 1250 Sand 20 1270 Black slate 130 1400 Salt Sand 270 1670 ‘‘Big ])ressure gas at 1420 feet; show of oil at 1430 feet.” Casing 10-iiich, 315 feet; ()i4-iiich, 800 feet; 4%-inch, 1330 feet, d'hc Sand struck at 1400 feet, although holding much gas and some oil, was so filled with salt water that neither oil nor gas was available. McClain Well, No. 1. Near Kenna Postoffic(‘. Authority, United States Coal & Oil Company. Feet. Feet. Gravel 12 Blue slate 12 to 40 Sand, light and water 40 “ 50 478 OIL AND GAS WELL NECOEDS (JACI^ON) Blue slate 50 90 Red shale 90 148 Light slate 148 212 Shale, red and shelly 212 304 Light slate 304 ‘‘ 322 Lime, dark and hard 322 356 Light slate 356 366 Hard sand 366 388 Black slate 388 412 Light slate 412 422 Shale, red 422 432 Black slate 432 440 Light lime, hard 440 458 Slate, shelly 458 492 Slate and shells 492 “ 532 Shale and red cave 532 572 Lime and shells 572 578 Shale and red cave 578 678 Light lime 678 684 Shale and red cave 684 704 Blue sand 704 ‘‘ 729 Dark lime 729 734 Slate 734 '' 750 Light sand 750 775 Shale, light 775 830 Shale, red 830 850 Slate, white 850 ‘‘ 860 Lime, dark 860 “ 900 Sand, light (8^/4" casing) 900 950 Slate, white 950 1020 Sand, white 1020 1065 Sand, light 1065 “ 1100 Slate, light 1100 ‘‘ 1112 Light lime, hard 1112 1145 Coal 1145 1150 Slate 1150 '' 1168 Lime, very hard and white 1168 “ 1232 Black slate 1232 “ 1254 Lime, dark 1254 1312 Black slate 1312 “ 1389 Light lime 1389 1456 Salt Sand (water, I486') 1456 “ 1796 Black slate 1796 '' 1800 Cased bottom Salt Sand 1800 “ 181^ (Big) Lime, yellow and hard 1825 2000 Light sand, water.. 100' . (Big Injun) ) Soft, white sand... 40' f ) San d, h a r d a n d i 2000 2150 black 10' WEST VIllGlNIA GEOLOCriCAL SURVE^ 479 Berea Grit? shell slii;lii, some oil 2150 '' 2185 Dark lime 2185 - 2215 Black slate 2215 2275 White slate 2275 ‘‘ 2475 (Dry hole.) 44ie driller identified tlie Sand at 1456 feet with the ''Big Injun,” hut the writer suggests that it is the “Salt Sand” or Pottsville formation, and that the true “Big Injun” Sand which held some oil in its basal portion, was struck at 2,000 feet. MASON COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Mason county lies directly west from Jackson, and is bi- sected by the Great Kanawha river, which flows north through its center. Geological structure and conditions are very similar in Mason to those in Jackson, and hence no productive wells of either gas or oil have yet been found, although some oil and gas occur in every well drilled, along with abundance of salt water, which has long been utilized near Hartford on the Ohio river in the manufacture of salt, the principal brines coming from the base of the Pottsville (Salt Sand), the top of the Big Injun Sand. The conclusion is unavoidable from the results of test wells and the known absence of prominent anticlinels in Mason, that few, if any, good pools of oil or gns can exist within the county. Several test wells have been drilled near Letart, but none got oil or gas in paying (quantity. The following records will illustrate the rock succession in Mason : Sterling Oil Company's Well, No. 10. Near Letart. Authority, Dan P. Gist. Thickness. D('i)th. Feet. Feet. Drift :io Sand 20 40 fled rocdc GO 100 White and red mud 85 185 White sand 5 190 Red rock 115 305 White sand 313 Dark slate 330 480 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (MASON) Trace coal (Pittsburg) . . . . 10 340 Light sandy shale . . . . 25 365 Light shale . . . . 40 405 Black shale . . . . 20 425 Red rock . ... 191 616 Gray slate . . . . 39 655 Red rock . . . . 35 690 Hard black sand (1st Cow Run) . . . . 12 712 Flinty slate . . . . 20 722 Gray sand .... 3 725 Soft, vvdiite sand 15 740 Blue shale . . . . 15 755 White sand (salt water) 805 Blue shale . . . . 10 815 Brown and blue shale . . . . 25 840 Soft white sand . . . . 85 925 Blue shale . . . . 20 945 White sand (gas and salt water) .... . . . . 50 995 Blue shale . . . . 30 1025 Blue sand - . . . . 15 1040 Limestone . . . . 20 1060 Gray sand . . . . 37 1097 Gray slate . . . . 8 1105 Black and gray slate . . . . 30 1135 White sand (salt water and gas) .... . . . . 35 1170 Blue shale . . . . 45 1215 Black shale . . . . 40 1255 Gray slate . . . . 30 1285 Soft, gray sand . . . . 20 1305 Black and blue shale , ... 145 1450 Sandy shale .. . . 5 1455 Black slate . . . . 15 1470 White sand (salt water and gas) .... . . . . 60 1530 Big Lime . . . . 60 1590 Hard sand and gray ") 4' 10 ' 21 ' r Big Injun 263 slate 4' Limestone 10' Gray sand and lime. 24' Black slate Sand Blue sandy shale . . . Black slate 4' Sand with salt water 12' Blue, sandy shale . . . 15' j Gray sand with salt | water 159' J Blue slate 258 Black slate 13 1353 2111 2124 WEST VIKCxTNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 481 Gray sand with salt water (Berea) 15 2139 C. S. Matson Well, No. /. Two miles from Point Pleasant. Authority, Prof. John F. Carll. Thickness, Depth, Feet. Feet. Surface 21 Sand 79 100 Slate, broken 166 266 ’ Cow Rim Sand (oil, gas and much water) 10 276 Break 54 330 Dunkard Sand (water) 75 405 ' Slate 195 600 Coal 8 60S Slate 1 609 Sand and slate (salt water, 710') 126 735 ' Salt Sand (water, strong brine) 30 765 Sandstone and shells 200 965 Big Lime 100 1065 Slate 2 1067 ' Keener Sand 20 1087 ' Slate 20 1107 I Big Injun Sand (water, little oil) 238 1345 Slate 295 1640 Berea Grit, good sand 30 1670 Slate to bottom 7 1677 Casing — Thirteen-inch, 21 feet; 10-inch, 100 feet; SLi-inch, 510 feet; 6)4-inch, 720 feet; 4%-inch, 1320 feet. Beech Jlill Well. One mile south of Brighton Postoftice, and seven miles south- east of ]b)int Pleasant. Authority, I^rof. John F. Carll. 1 :i Thickness. Depth. ' Feet. Feet. Slate and sand to 703 Slate 24 727 Salt Sand 67 794 Shale 116 910 Salt Sand 94 1004 I White sand 86 1090 Big Lime 125 1215 Slate 100 1315 ' Sand 45' , Slate 90' f \ Sand and shale 75' ( Big Injun 235 1550 ] Oil sand (show of gajg) 25' \ Slate 265 1815 { Saiid^ Porea, hard (show of oil) 25 1840 <182 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (PUTNAM) Slate to l)oit()in 560 '2400 Eii^'lit and one-foiirili-iiieli casini>', 170 feet; GVi-inch casing, 680 feet; 4%-iiicli casing, 1580 feet. PUTNAM COUNTY WELL RECORDS. county lies directly south from IMason, and it is also bisected by the Great Kanawha river. In its northern half, geological stroctui’e and conditions are very similar to those in Mason, and hence no oil or gas in paying quantity has been found, although several test wtdls have been drilled. The south- ern j)ortion of the county, however, extends southward to where the dip of the rocks begins to steepen (pite rapidly, and hence in the i)oi‘ti()n of the county south from the C. & 0. R. R, there is some chance for oil and gas, so far as geological structure is concerned, ddie succession of the strata in Putnam is shown by the following records of wells drilled in the different parts of the county: Hurricane Oil Company’s Well. One mile south of Winfield. Authoidty, Prof. John P. Carll. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. LTnrecorded 1667 1667 Big Injun Sand (water) 95 1762 Slate and shell 372 2134 Berea Grit (smell of oil) 22 2156 Unrecorded to bottom 447 2603 Cargill Well. Two miles south of Winfield. A. T. 597'. Authority, Jerome T. Boyer. Feet. Feet. Salt Sand, top 1127 Big Lime, top 1421 White Sand (Big Injnn) 1628 to 1789 Lime ^...' 1915 Slate 2115 Sand (Berea) 2117 ‘‘ 2271 Sand 2291 Slate 2348 Sand (Gordon?) 2385 Slate 2405 Slate and shells 2585 Total deidh 2603 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAI. SURVEY ' 18 ?. Red Home Well Tlireo miles north oT Red House, on l!>eegnm l)i*aneh of Ruffnlo creek. Authority, Auji'usta Oil Company. Thickness. Feet. Unrocoi'ded .^alt Sand 2d0 31ack slate 10 vVliiie Ijiine (t>ig) 1711 Black slate 27 l)ei)th. Feet. 1380 IGIO 1G2( 1793 182C Sand (salt water at { 18.30') 50' I Big Tnjnn i Black slate 5' i 75 1895 MVhite sand 20' ^ ; Small show of oil 1875 Casing — Ten-inch, 145 feet; 8f4-iach, 475 feet ; Gi/4-ineh, 998 feet; 4%-in( h, 1875. T. M. llarhour Well, No. 1. Near Hurricane, in Teays Valley. Authority, Judsge T. H. Har- vey, President PTurricane Oil & Development Company. Feet. Feet. Gravel and quicksand 8 Slate and red rock 55 Sand G5 Cave, rock and slate 290 Cow Run Sand 325 Slate 545 Sand (2d Cow Rim) water at GOO to 705 Coal 708 Slate 725 Sand (gas and water) 1025 Slate 1045 Gas Sand (water) 1245 Slate 12G0 Salt Sand (water) 1 1G5 Big Lime 1578 1G()3 Keener Sand 1()03 Tdme 1700 Big Injun Sand (cased, 1828') 1800 Pinie formation and slate 1800 ‘‘ 2198 Berea Sand 22 feet thick; gas and oil neilhei’ in [laying (luantities. CARRLL COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Cabell county lies west from Putnam and the southern jioint of Mason. Jt also borders the Ohio river, and hence its northern Jralf has th(* same geological structure as Mason, in which no 484 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS ^ CABELL) paying oil or gns wells have yet been found. In the southern portion of the county, however, rapid dips set in, and the rocks acquire considerable relief. A small but rich pool of oil was opened in October, 1903, by a well on the E. W. Beckett farm, two miles and a half south- east from Milton. This original well of the Milton field is lo- cated in the valley of Charley creek, a tributary of Mud river. It was dialled by the Cabell Oil & Gas Company, and the record of the well reads as follows, according to Mr. C. F. Cole, President, AValton Oil & Gas Company, who has kindly furnished the Survey much valuable information: E. W. Beckett Well, No. 1. Well mouth 602 feet above tide. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Sand, clay and gravel to 50 Red rock 30 80 Slate and fireclay SO 160 Blossom coal 160 Slate 20 180 White sand, show oil and water 12 192 Slate 68 260 Sand, making two bailers of oil per hour (Dnnkard) 8 268 Slate 42 310 Sand, with water 20 330 Slate 45 375 Sand, with show of green oil and water to Bottom 45 420 Slate 55 475 Coal 7 482 Sand, with gas; water in bottom 18 500 Slate ^ 144 644 Sand, sliowing black oil 30 674 Bime 16 690 Slate 39 729 Coal 3 731 (?) Sand, sliowing lilack oil and gas 18 749 Slate ^ 51 800 Sand 37 837 Slate 8 845 Sand 7 852 i^hite 54 906 l^and 54 960 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 485 Lime ... 70 1030 Sand, showing black oil, water, 25' in sand ..(157) 1157 . . . 2 1159 Sand, with water Lime (Big) . .. 103 1262 . .. 115 1378 Sand (“Beckett SS”) white, with oil and gas, hole filled 1200' in 2 hrs; Oil Sand . . . 15 1393 Lime and sand to bottom 1400 Lime, slate and shale to bottom . .. 41 1441 ‘‘Two liuiidred and forty-seven bari*els tirst 24 hours. Making 50 to 60 barrels yet’’ (June 8, 1904). The Sands with oil at 180 to 420 feet in this well represent the Mahoning, or Diinkarcl Sands of the northern portion of the State, and the great sandstone bluffs at Charleston, Kanawha county. The oil at 260 feet is of 46° gravity, and a l)eautifui reddish amber in color. T. J. Berkeley Well, No. 1. Two miles southeast of Milton, Cabell county, and one-fourth mile northeast of Beckett well. No. 1. Authority, C. F. Cole. Drilled l)y IMcCoach Oil Company. Well mouth 818 feet above tide. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Conductor 16 16 Slate 10 26 Snnd 10 36 Red rock, slate, etc 320 356 Sand (10" casing) 10 366 Slate 60 426 Sand 10 436 Slato ‘24 4G0 Sand (Cow Knn) show oil and gas 40 500 Slate 40 540 Uniecorded 120 660 Coal 3 (563 Lime and slate 40 703 Sand 80 783 Slnte, lime, etc 265 1048 32 1080 Sand, water, 1114' 80 *1160 Cinie 70 1230 Black sand 60 1290 Salt Sand 156 1446 48G OIL AND GAS WELL RECOKDS (CABELL) Sandy lime and j^ebbles easing) .... 44 1490 Lime, white and bard 102 1592 65' in lime a little gas and very small pebl)les. , Sand 12 1604 Still sand and all looks alike without a break. Most gas about lO'in. Bottom 1619 Pay at 1595. ‘‘This well came in, December, 1903, and has produced over 10,000 barrels. Made over 2,000 barrels Ln- January, 1904. Casing collapsed in sluxding, but the well was finally opened np again June 7, 1904, when it made 50 to 60 bari'els daily.” There has been mnch discussion among the oil fraternity as to whether the oil horizon of these wells is in what corresponds to the Keener Sand (top of the ^‘Big Injun”) or really in the ” Big Lime” entirely above the Keener division of the Injun. It will be remembered that the entire Big Injun formation is often invaded by limy beds, and hence it is most probable that the Beckett, Berkeley and other wells in the Milton field get their oil from what coT'responds to the Keener” Sand of Tyler, and the top of the Big Injun in Marion and Monongalia. True, the oil is dark in color, and the gravity only 4014 to 41°, but all oils in limy beds are dark in color and not high in gravity. a. E. Burns Well No. 1. Three-eighths of a mile southwest of E. W. Beckett well. No. 1. Drilled by Charley Creek Oil & Gas Company. Authority, C. F. Cole. Well mouth 649 feet above tide. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Clay 30 30 Sand 57 87 Slate 53 140 Sand, with oil 10 15() Slate and fireclay 58 208 Sand 12 226 Slate 15 235 Lime 10 245 Slafe 45 290 Sand (oil and salt water) 18 308 Slate 72 380 Coal 3 383 Sand, salt water 102 485 WEST VIUGTNTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 487 Sljite 0 404 Coal 3 497 Slate . . 16 513 Sand, water to dilll . . 27 540 Slate . . 15 555 Sami . . 31 586 Slate .. 2 588 Sand, with water . . 28 606 Slate and shale . . 100 715 Slate . . 20 735 Sand . . 40 775 Slate . . 25 800 Sand with water . . 70 870 Slate, black . . 46 016 Sand with little gas o 918 Sand with heavy gas Gas at 018'. . . 17 935 Mak(!S 2,300,000 ('uhic feet daily. Gas is utilized for lease work. Well drilled no deeper.’’ The gas sand in this well rs the one struck in the E. W. Beckett well, No. 1, at 906 feet, and is evidently a portion of the Pottsville formation. ' Blake Well, No. 1. Two and one-half miles north 60° east of Milton, Cabell county, on branch of Kilgore creek. Drilled by Teays Valley Oil and Gas Company. Anthority, C. F. Cole. Well mouth 620 feet above tide. Thickness Depth Feet. Feet. Conductor 20 20 Blue and gritty 30 50 Red rock 30 80 Slate and shell 75 155 Sand 40 195 Slate, lime and shells 85 270 Sand (10" casing, 280') 10 280 Slate 40 320 Sand, with water 20 340 Slate 35 375 ' Slate and shells 25 400 Sand, with show of oil 20 420 Slate 25 445 Sand, with watei* 55 500 Slate and shell 35 535 Sand, more water 100 725 Slate (8" easing, 735') 9 734 488 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS (CABELL) Sand 286 1020 Coal fr of slate above and below) 2 + 5 1027 (?) Sand, with water 223 1250 Slate and lime with shells (cased at 1260') 70 1320 Soft lime, black and yellow 61 1381 ^^Tliis well was drilled to 2300 feet, and is dry in all sands.” Walton Well, No. 1. 'Ibreo miles east of Milton, and one-half mile northwest of Cul- loden. Anthoi-ity, C. F. Cole, President and General Manager of the Walton Oil & Gas Company. Well month 729 feet above tide. Feet. f'ondnctor 12 Clay 72 Sand 70 (?) Black slate 95 Bed rock 210 Sand 235 Slate and red rock 313 Sand 346 Slate 370 Sand 400 Slate 405 Lime 413 Slate 430 Shale 447 Sand 465 Slate 545 Sand, with water 615 Slate 630 Sand 655 Slate 670 Sand, more water 795 Slate 820 Sand, with gas 850 Shale .' 900 Sand 930 Coal 934 Shale 1000 Shale, little water 10(55 Sand, with gas 3' in 1343 Black sand, with streak lime 1390 Black slate 1430 ;Sand .\l400 Tof) Big Ijime 1460 (las at 1520 Little water under gas. First show oil 1577 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 489 Second show oil Bottom Lime Slate and shale To]) Bi.u' Injnn Sand Water Bottom of Big' Tnjiin Sand . . . . Slate and shell to Dark gray sand Black gray sand Slate and sand Slate Soft black shale Top of Berea Gas 8' in Berea Slate and Berea Slate and shell to bottom ‘‘Fair gas well in Berea.” 1597 i(m 1G()5 1G85 1G98 1770 1900 1970 2030 2140 2175 2180 28' 2188 to 2208 2238 J. A. Reese Well, No. 1. One mile and a (luarter southeast of Llilton, and the same dis- tance northwest of E. W. Beckett well, No. 1. Drilled by Va- Ken-0 Oil & Gas Co. Authority, C. F. Cole. Well mouth 630 feet above tide. Thickness De])th Feet. Feet. Soil 4 4 Sand, hard 96 100 Slate 15 115 Red rock (10" casing, 143') 28 143 Blue slate 14 157 Lime shells 12 1G9 Red rock 10 179 Lime shells 10 189 Lime, hard 10 199 Slate 7 20G Lime, shell 4 210 Lime, shell, broken 10 220 Lime, hard 10 230 Slate, blue 12 242 Lime 5 247 Sand 12 259 Sand 12 271 Slate, red 6 277 Shale, white G 283 Sand, white and hard 15 298 Red shale 7 305 Lime, shells iQ 315 4.90 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS (CABELL) White sandy shale 29 344 White slate 30 374 JBliie slate 10 384 Lime 14 308 Sandstone, broken 12 410 Slate 40 450 White sandstone, top pebbly 45 495 (Traces of water at bottom.) Sand, gray (8iy4" casing) 8 503 Slate 15 518 Slate 24 542 White sand ; 40 582 Slate white and black 44 620 Coal G 632 White sand, water enough to drill with. . 26 658 Black slate 40 698 Sand, gray 65 763 Sand white, water, 10 bailers per hour.. 48 811 Black slate 76 887 Sand, white 40 927 Black slate 12 939 Sand, white 35 974 Lime 6 980 Sand, white 10 990 Black slate 15 1005 Sandy shale 10 1015 Lime shells 7 1022 Black slate 40 1062 White sand full of water. . . .92' " Black slate 3' Vfliite sand 60' ]jimy shells 83' ^ Sand Lime, flinty 20' | ^ White sand 63' J Sand, black hard and limy 100 1493 Big Lime, white 16 1509 Strong flo\/ of gas 151 L Bottom of Big Lime 155(5 Wliite sandy grit 40 159(5 White slate . 15 161 ^ Black slate 10 l(>2i Cray Pebbly Sand (whei'e Keener should ’be) 3(5 1657 Black slate 24 1(581 Big Injun Sand (show of oil 169(5'; hole filled with watei- 1707') 95 1776 Black slate 8 1784 White Sand (Probably Squaw) 5 1789 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 491 lllaek slate 100 1898 White sand 9 1907 Black slate 293 2200 Ikn-ea Sand (How of < 2 ;as on top) 23 2223 Bottom of hole. . . . 3 2220 ‘‘This has been a volume of 800,000 cnbie feet per day from the Berea Sand, with a rocdv pressure of GOO {bounds per square inch. ” W. W. Conno7‘ Well, No. 1. Two and one-half miles southeast of Milton, on the west bank of Charley creek. Drilled by the Cabell Oil & Gas Company. Authority, 11. M. Stanbery, Chief Engineer, Carter Oil Com- pany. Well mouth 585 feet above tide. Feet.’ Feet. Conductor 93 Slate . . . . 93 to 9(i Sand (show of oil) .... 9G i i 971/2 Slate .... 971 / 2 “ lOG Coal .... lOG i i 110 Slate .... 110 i ( IGO Sand (])ebbles, show oil) .... IGO i i 1G2 Slate Sand (11 liny Up, Upper and Lower . . . . 1G2 1 i 350 honing. First Cow Run) .350 ( ( 45G Cr:w Sand .... 15G 1 ( 532 Sand .... 532 ( 1 GOG Slate i i GIO Coal i ( G18 Cray Sand, very hard (2d Cow Run) . .... G18 i ( 750 Sand (water, 790') 750 i i 800 Cray Sand, hard (gas) i i 8,50 Sand (salt water) i i 10,50 * Slate ( ( 1055 Coal and slate . . . .10,55 ( ( 1075 Lime ( i 1105 Hard, white sand ....1105 1 ( 1250 Slate . . . . 1250 ( ( 12G0 Big Lime i 1 1.380 Sand (Keener, show of oil) . . . . 1380 c c 1415 Cray shale ....1415 i ( 1513 Sand (Big Injnn) (gas) i i 1G21 Slate .• i ( 2025 Sand (l>erea) gas ( ( 20521/2 Slate and shells to bottom . . . . 20 . 521 / 2 “ 277(i G IS well in Bei-ea; capacity, 750,000 cubic fe et. The record of this same well given by Mr. Joseph Touner, the driller, is 492 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOIIDS (CABELL) slightly different from Mr. Stanbery’s, as shown by the fol- lowing : W. W. Connor Well, No. 1. Authority, Joseph Tonner. Feet. Feet. Sand ^ 244 to 350 Unrecorded 350 ( t 458 Sand 458 ( ( 532 Unrecorded 532 a 700 Sand 700 ( i 750 Unrecorded (water, 790') 750 ( ( 800 Gray sand (gas) ...... 800 i ( 850 White sand (water) 850 (( 1050 Unrecorded 1050 C i 1215 Lime (show oil and gas, 1380') .... 1215 ( ( 1415 Unrecorded 1415 i i 1507 Big Injnn (show oil and gas) 1507 ( { 1615 Unrecorded 1615 ( ( 2020 Berea Grit (gas) 2020 ( i 2048 Sliells and slate 2048 i i 2780 (Good gas well from Berea.) W. W. Connor Well, No. 2. Two and three-fonrths miles southeast of Milton, near mouth of Charley creek. Drilled by the Cabell Oil & Gas Company. Au- thority, Jos(^ph Touner. Well mouth 595 feet above tide. Feet. Feet. White sand (show of gas and oil) . . . .... 300 to 330 LTnrecorded .... 330 i ( 360 Sand (water) . ... 360 ic 440 Black sand . ... 440 ( ( 455 Unrecorded . ... 455 ( c 600 White sand . ... 600 ( i 650 Unrecorded .... 650 1 c 720 Wliite sand . ... 720 i ( 760 Unrecorded . ... 760 ( { 925 Wliite sand . ... 925 ( ( 1125 I’ehble sand (sliow oil and gas) ....1100 ( ( 1130 (?) White sand (water) ....1170 ( ( 1270 Unrecorded ....1270 c c 1315 Big Lime (show oil and gas) ....1315 i ( 1403 Unrecorded ^ . . . .1403 ( ( 1550 Big Injun Sand (water to drill).... ....1550 1 ( 1640 Slate and shells . . . .1640 ( { 2050 Berea Grit (good gas) . . . .2050 ( ( 2080 Slate and shells . . . .2080 ( ( 2150 WEST VIEGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY 493 J. D. Carter Well, No. 1. Near IMiltoji. Drilled by the Cabell Oil & Gas Company. Author- ity, Joseph Touiier, per W. II. Aspinwall, of Sistersville. Well mouth 601 feet above tide. Feet. Feet. Gravel, slate and sand 0 to 655 Coal blossom . . 655 ( ( 655 Slate and sand . . 655 { ( 717 Coal . . 717 ( 1 720 White sand . . 720 ( i 746 Black slate . . 746 i ( 754 Shells, slate and sand . . 754 ( ( 835 Slate . . 835 ( ( 872 Sand (gas) . . 872 ( ( 882 Red ? rock . . 882 ( ( 892 Sand (water 902') . . 892 ( i 1013 Slate and shells . .1013 i ( 1031 Lime . .1031 ( 4 1120 Slate ..1120 ( ( 1132 Sand (water, 1167') . .1132 ( ( 1245 Slate ..1245 i ( 1250 Big Lime (show of oil and gas, 1350' and 1400' . .1250 ( ( 1425 Slate ..1425 ( i 1462 i Sand 33' 'I Big Injun } Slate 25' [ 1462‘ ( 1610 1 Sand (water, 1525').. 90' Slate and shells . .1610 ( ( 2050 Berea Grit (gas) . .2050 ( ( 2090 Slate to Ijottom . .2090 ( i 2125 Henry Gerlock Well, No. 1. Two miles due south from Milton, on Mud river. Drilled by the Triple State Oil & Gas Comi)any, in January, 1897. Authority, H. M. Stanbery. Well month 590 feet above tide. Feet. Feet. Conductor () to 30 Blue sand 30 70 Black slate 70 100 Red sand (10" casing) 100 125 Granite (D 125 ‘‘ 145 Blue slate 145 195 Red slate 195 240 Slate and shells 240 “ 265 Slate and shells (60' and 5') 265 ‘‘ 330 Slate 330 340 194 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOEDS (CABELL) White sand (show of oil and water) 340 idate 300 diells 400 V^hite sand ((S" easing’; water, 405') 420 “ Back slate 503 >rown sand 508 “ .date 540 .Vhite sand 505 “ date 625 .date 043 Goal (water) 708 White slate 714 dme and sand 734 ‘‘ Slate 759 lard white sand (water) 799 Hack, soft sand 884 White, hard sand 896 “ Slack sand 951 “ White hard Sand (oil and water 971 to iSlack sand 1100 White sand 1108 White slate (6)4" casing) 1153 “ Shells and sand 1238 White Sand (water 1284') 1270 “ Big Lime (show of oil 1484') 1284 .Slate 1500 “ Sand (show of oil 1595') 15(50 “ Slate to bottom 1653 “ 360 40( 42( 503 50 .*^' 54( 565 025 041 70,'- 71 ^ 73- 75t 795 884 89(. 951 971 1100 1108 1153 1238 1270 128-:- 1500 1500 165:i 1600 Frentel ivell, No. 1. Three and three-fonrth miles sonth 30° east of Milton, on branch of Little Two Mile creek. Drilled by (Elkton) Oil Company. Authority, C. F. Cole. NleW mouth 039 feet above tide. a: uul. jl’ L'ui . Slate, shells and sand 927 to 927 Sand (shoAving for 3-harrel oil) 8 ‘‘ 935 Slate ‘ 40 ‘‘ 975 Salt Sand with 15' break of slate 347 1322 Big Lime 175 ‘‘ 1497 Slate 73 “ 1570 Big Injun Sand 80 “ 1650 Slate and shells 439 2089 Bei-ea Sand (gas) 20 2109 ^0,000,000 cubic feet daily.’’ Near Central City, below iruntington, a well was drilled by a local coni])any for gas in 1897. 44ic well is located about one- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 405 fourth iiiilo soutli from the C. & O. depot, on ttie llisey iork ol Four *ole, and stei’ts nhout ‘UO feet below the horizon of the Pittsburg coal, which here caps the tops of the liighest hills bach from t le immediate valley of the Ohio. The record was furnislied by Judgo T. H. llai'vey, of Huntingdon, one of the members of the cojtipany which drilled the well, and it reads as follows: Central City Well. On llisey fork of Four Pole creek, about one-fourth mile back of C. & C. depot. Central City. Authority, Judge T. II. Harvey. Feet. Feet. Conductor (clay and quicksand) 26 to 26 Shale, sand and lime (10" inch casing 61 feet) 94 i ( 120 bimestone (fresh water rose 90 feet) .... 7 i i 127 Slate, with veins of lire clay 98 i ( 225 bind, fine (Upper Mahoning, Dunkard) . . 25 ( ( 250 Slate 50 ( ( 300 Sand, gas (Lower Mahoning) 30 ( ( 330 Black slate (Upper Freeport coal horizon) 10 i i 340 Sand, gray 60 i i 400 Slate, black 10 ( i 410 Sand, gray 85 i 1 495 rdate, white and blue 25 1 i 520 Sand and limestone 20 ( ( 540 Slate (cased 8" at 547') 20 i ( 560 Slate, black 175 ( ( 735 Sand, gray 25 ( ( 760 Slate, black, lilue (coal 2 feet) 105 ( ( 865 Sand, gas, and strong How of salt water. . 30 t i 895 Sand, black 10 ( ( 905 Slate, black 30 ( ( 935 Limestone 5 C ( 940 Slate, black 30 i i 970 Limestone, (Mountain, 6f4'' casing 987') . 150 i ( 1120 Slate 28 1 1 1 148 Sand, dark gray “(Big Injun”,) some salt water 177 i ( 1325 Shales and slate, black 370 ( ( 1695 Limestone oi- hard sand 10 ( ( 1705 Slate, lirown 25 i ( 1730 Sand Berea “sail and pepjier” (oil and gas) 25 (. i 1755 Slate, 1)1 ack 10 i ( 1765 Sand, hard, gray 5 i i 1770 Limestone 5 i i 1775 496 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS WAYNE) Sand, gray 10 1785 Limestone 3 1788 Slate, black 2 ‘‘ 1790 Limestone, bastard 1 1794 Shale, black 20 1814 Sand, (fine, black, powdery) 97 1911 Shales and slates, black, blue and white. . 574 2485 Limestone, bastard (gas) 15 ‘‘ 2500 Shale 250 2750 Sand, gray 10 2760 Oorniferous limestone, very hard 10 “ 2770 11 ere the interval between the Berea Sand and the Cornif- erous Limestone foots up only 1005 feet, while in the Bedell well near Pittsburg the rocks were penetrated to 4010 feet below the same sand without reaching the Oorniferous horizon. WAYNE COUNTY WELL RECORDS. Wayne county lies next west from Cabell, and like the latter borders the Ohio river, and hence its geological structure in the western portion is unfavorable for either oil or gas, as several test wells have proven. The county extends southward, how- ever, along the Big Sandy river nearly to Warfield, where a great anticlinal axis crosses the river from Kentucky, and passes north- eastward toward the (treat Kanawha above Charleston. Some large gas wells have been found near this AVarfield anticlinal, and hence there are both oil am’ gas j^ossibilities in the southern half of Wayne county, n^idged solely by the relief of the beds. The gas at AA^arfield comes at the same horizon as the oil near Milton, in Cabell county, and the numerous records given for that region will serve as a type of the nuderground suc- cession in Wayne, as well as Boone, Lincoln, Logan and Mingo counties, in all of which gas can ])e found in paying (juantity, and possibly oil, but it may rt‘quire the drilling of many wells to develoj) the latter, since tbe pools will be of small area, and hence easily missed. 4die geological succession in southern Wayne, Mingo and Lincoln counties is illustI•^^ted l)y well records published in Vol. I, pages 276-280, while that of northern Wayiu' is givcm by the Central City well in Cabell, and the following I’ccord of a well WEST VIIK^TNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 497 just aci'oss tlu' Sandy riven* in Kentucky, and two miles south from the Ohio river: Brown Well. On Catletts creelc, one mile and a half south of Catlettsburg, Kentucky. Authority, Judge T. II. Harvey, Huntington, W. Va. IF ! Thickness. DepMi. Feet Feet. Clay and quicksand 36 Sand 104 140 Fireclay and slate 100 240 Sand, gray. 30 270 Shale 150 420 Salt Sand . 150 570 Limeston, cave (‘‘pencil”) at 650' 280 850 f black sand. . . ..lOO'd Big Injun Sand white sand. salt ! ] water. . ...15' i 150 1000 i black sand . . . ...35' ] Shale, brown i, show of oil. . 320 1329 coar-se, gi'ay sand. show ^ of oil . .. .7' hard shell... . ...1' bottom shell.. , . . .3' Berea Grit ) open, gray sand, show of I 1 oil ...10' 1 51 1380 close, gray sand. show of oil . . .16' coarse, gray sand. show I . of oil '. . ...14' j Blrck slate Sand, brown Itrown slate and salid Slate, black •• Shale, wliite Shdls and shale Slrdls and shale Sand, gas (Itayai'd?) Slate, i)lack Sand, black, Black sand and slate. Slate, bine Slate, light blue Slate, brown Slate, black Sand, black, gas Sand, black, gas Black slate to bottom 45 1425 15 1440 5 1445 135 1580 Kt 1620 180 1800 50 1850 5 1855 10 1865 15 1880 3 1883 4 1887 8 1805 7 1002 60 1971 5 1976 4 1080 152 2132 408 OIL AND GAS WELL KECORDS WAYNES Tlie Sand with ^as at 1850 feet would come near the Bayard horizon of Marion and Monongalia, while that at 1971 feet being only 400 f(‘et above the Corniferous Limestone (see Central City well in Cabell county) may represent any horizon from the Speech ley Sand to the Bradford.. Another well drilled on the Big Sandy at the mouth of Blaine creek, five miles below Tjouisa, and nearly opposite Hub- bardstown, in Wayne county, will illustrate the succession across the centi*al belt of Wayne as follows: Rig don Well, No. 2. On Big Sandy river, near the mouth of Blaine crec k, Kentucky. Authority, F. II. Oliphant. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Drift, or surface soil . 15 15 Fireclav 5 20 Sauflstone, dark blue, , 15 35 Slate, gray 5 40 Sandstone, wlhte . . . . , 20 60 Slate, black 5 65 Sandstone, dark 30 '95 Slate, black 50 145 Coal 4 149 Fireclav ; 7 156 Sandstone, white .... 45 201 Sandstone, dark grav. 10 211 Sandstone, white 10 221 Slate, black 236 Sandstone, dark 25 261 Slate, black 10 271 Coal 3 274 Slate 27 301 Sandstone, gray •. 0 307 Slate, black 24 331 Sandstone, gray 25 520 Coal .’ 7 362 Filed av 3 365 Sandstone, gray 70 435 Slate, gray 00 495 Sandstone, grav 25 355 Slate, black 00 5S0 Sandstone, white 25 605 Slate, black 5 ()10 . Sandstone, white 20 630 Sandstone, dark gray. 25 055 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 490 ^ Slate, 2 :ray ' Sandstone, black Slate, gray 20 /lO Sandstone, dark e:ray 40 7o0 Sandstone, white, salt water 100 SoO Sandstone, dark bine Slate, black 40 870 Sandstone, white, base Pottsville 00 900 Slate, black 25 9(S5 Sandstone and shells 10 005 Sandstone, hard, bine 30 1025 Big- Lime — • 440 W'5 -Q. X . ( sand, white, salt Avater 5' ) ) Sand, white and shells 20' > 100 1265 i Sand, greenish gray.... 75' ; Slate, green 65 1330 Slate, bluish gray 375 1705 Slate, black.. 27 1732 Gas Sand, fair flow of gas (Berea Grit) . . 60 1702 Shale, black to bottom 53 1815 This well begins 50 to 100 feet ])elow the l)ase of the Coue- maugh formation. In northern Boone covnty, near Bacine, and ten miles west from the Great Kanawha river, a gas pool has been developed at the same horizon in the Lownn* Cai'boniferons oi* Mississi})pian formation that holds the oil in Cabell, as may be observcal from the following record : Workman Well, No. 1. Racine district. Authority, South Penn Oil Company. Gravel Feet. Peel. 35 Sand 50 to 80 Slate 80 ( ( 105 Sand 105 ( ( 305 Coal (81/4 Casing) i ( 30!) Sand 300 ( ( 370 Slate 370 i ( 385 Sand 385 ( ( 405 Slate 405 1 ( 415 Sand 415 ( ( 435 i ( 445 Sand 445 i i 585 Slate 585 ( i 630 Sand 030 1 ( 700 Lime, shell etc 700 i ( 800 500 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS ; KANAWHA) Sand and lime ... 890 i ( 970 Red rock ... 970 ( ( 990 White slate ... 990 ( i 1006 Hard Sand ( Maxton U . . .1006 (( 1125 Big Lime (eased 614^') ...1125 i ( 1160 (Big) Lime and (Big Injun Sand)... . . .1160 i i 1390 Bed rock .. 1390 i i 1401 Total depth 1401 ^‘Little Sand 1356'; sliow oil; filled iqj 20 feet.” The red rock at 970 feet is an important geological marker, since it sets off the Pottsville beds above from the IMississippian below. KAN AW II A COUNTY has the distinction of being the first locality in the United States to inaugurate the use of Natural Gas for manufacturing purposes (see Historical sketch in this Volume, Chap. I). The gas pool along the crest of the Brownstown anticlinal, nine miles south from Charleston is practically ex- hausted, however, since gas from the same horizon as that indi- cated in the Racine pool of Boone county, viz : the Big Injun Sand, has been flowing to the surface for 65 years or more through wells drilled for salt water. The underground rock succession of this region around Brownstown is given in Vol. I, page 272. A test well was drilled for oil and gas on the Kanawha river bottom, about five miles below Charleston and one mile below Lock No. L. It begins near the middle of the Conemaugh forma- tion, and the record runs as follows, acocrding to J. W. Penhale of Charleston : Thickness. Dei^th. Feet. Feet. Condnctor 45 45 Sandstone 405 - 450 Coal 5 455 Sant stone 35 490 Slate and shale 220 710 Sandstone 10 720 SI a tv and shale 40 760 Sandstone 50 810 Shale 10 820 Lime 35 855 Sandstone 45 900 Coal 3 903 WEST VriKIlNIA GEOLOGICAL SUJiVEY 501 Sandstone Shale . 7 . 35 910 945 Sandstone (Potisville) Big Lime ( Lime 213' ) . 480 1425 and \ Slate and shale 25' i 288 1710 Big Ininn i Sandstone 47' ) Shale.' . 425 2185 Shells and shale . 115 2250 Shale . 145 2395 Sandstone . 5 2400 Shale to bottom . 208 2608 The succession at Charleston is given by the following rec- ord, for which Hon. W. S. Edwards of that city stands sponsor: Well at Charleston, Kanawha County. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Conductor 28 28 Unknown 12 40 Shale 34 74 Coal Sandstone 76 150 42 192 Coal Shale and sandstone 68 260 Limestone 20 280 Sandstone 60 340 Shale 60 4t)0 Sandstone 70 470 Coal Unknown 20 4!)0 Shale 20 510 Sandstone 50 560 Shale 30 5t)0 Sandstone 355 f)45 Unknown 55 loot) Sandstone 1170 Shale 1180 [ Limestone . . .Ky 1 Big Ijitne j Sandstone . . .60' 1 and ^ Limestone .. 200' 1515 Big Injnn j Unknown . . .25' 1 i Sandstone, pebbly. . . ..4t)' I Sandstone, i-ed 1600 Sandstone, shelly and slaty 1612 Sandstone 80 1692 Shale to bottoni 1840 <’.1 VF/l'Tt': COUNTY lies wist from Kaiiawha ,, and ther( fore witliin Uie zone of the greatly thickened Kanawha and New 502 OIL and gas well KECOKDS ^FAYETTE) River foi'inatioiiK, so that neither oil nor gas has been found in the tvo or thn'e l)orings made within its borders. The chances that they will be found are very few, since the southeastward rise of the sti*ata is even more than offset by the thickening of the measures, since the record of a well drilled at Powellton found the top of the Big Lime at 1620 feet, 650 feet below tide, while in the Edwai-ds well at Chai'leston, 25 miles northwest the top of (he Big Lime is only 580 feet below tide, or practically level be- tween the two ])oints, while the Kanawha Black Flint which is only 550 feet al)ove tide at Charleston rises to 1840 feet above at Powellton, tlius showing that the dip of the surface beds in the Fayette county region is no index to the structure of the deeply buried and unconformable (to the Coal Measures) oil sand de]^osits. Hence, from data of this kind, we learn that the Big Lime, mid underlying Big Injun Sand together with whatever of the Venango Oil Sand Group may be represented, are practically horizontal over a wide belt of country, extending from the lati- tude of Charleston southeastward to the limit of the New River- Poeahontas coal field or Great Flat Top Mountain, and therefore could not be expected to hold pools of either oil or gas in paying (luantity, the necessary relief structure being absent from these oil-beaiing beds. Powellton Well. “Top of well 970 feet below Black Flint and 300 Diet below [Jpi)er Clarion Coal. Estimated to be 83 feet above top of No. XII measures.” Authority, D. T. Evans. Feet. Feet. Shale 0 to 48 Gray sandstone 48 ‘‘ 66 Shale 66 67 Gi'ay sandstone 67 “ 81 Slate 81 . 8;i White sand 83 278 Coal 278 280 Sandstone 280 280 Shale 289 294 White hai-d sandstone 294 “ 305 Sliale 305 345 Shale 345 “ 610 Black shale, limy 610 628 WEST VllUilNlA GEOLOGICAL SUltVEY (ii'av lime 028 ( i (532 Hull' eolored and saiidv lime ()32 ( ( (535 Sandstone 035 i ( (538 White sandv lime (538 i ( (581 Hlacdv slate (581 ( ( (584 Limestone 084 i ( 707 Sandstone, white and pebbly 707 1 c 800 Black slate and shale 800 ( ( 850 Shale and sandv lime 850 i ( 850 Shale 85(5 ( ( 8(52 Lime and slate 802 i ( 885 l^ebbly sand, with j^as 885 i ( 895 Clayey shale 895 ( i 904 Lime 904 ( ( 917 Clayey shale 917 i ( 1020 Brown shale 1020 ( ( 1035 Lime 1035 i ( 1008 lied roc'k and lime shell 10(58 ( ( 12(50 Lime shell and slate 1200 i i 1275 Red rock 1275 i i 1325 Lime, with shale pebbles 1325 i ( 1345 Lime 1345 ( ( 13(50 Red rock 13(50 i t 1408 Lime shell 1408 i i 1415 Red j'ock, limy 1415 i i 1475 Slate 1475 ( < 149(5 Sandstone 1490 i ( 1530 Sandstone, hard blacdv and white.. 1530 i ( 1552 Slate and lime shells ( ( 1(503 White limestone 1(503 ( ( 1(50(5 Dark limestone 1(50(5 i i 1(515 Slate, pejK'il cave 1(515 t i 1(520 lame, solid (top oh Big' Ijirne) 1020 i i 1(580 Slate i i 1883 Cray liiiie 1883 ( i 1925 Mot t hid linui 1925 1<)38 Black shale, limy 1938 “ 1942 Clay lime 1942 ( i 195(5 Led sandy shale with various colored jiebbles, (to]) of Big Injun)., 195(5 i i 1905 Line, hard, dark sand 19(55 i ( 1970 Sandy shale gradually growing into very tine hard sand 1970 ( ( 2050 (L'ay rotten water sand, coarse o|)en grained and pebbly 2050 ( ( 20(57 Shale gi'adnally gi'owing to hard impure limestone 2007 ( { 2140 Slate and shale 2140 1 1 2895 504 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOllDS (FAYETTE) Two or tliree test wells have been bored in Summers County, which lies still south of Fayette, and extends nearly to the Vir- ginia line, but only traces of oil and gas were found. One of these wells was bored at Crumps Bottom, near the southern end of Summers, and its record is as follows ; Crumps Bottom Well. Ci*umps Bottom, Summers county. Authority, Charles H. Mel- lon, Philadelphia, Pa. Thickness. Depth. Feet. Feet. Unrecorded 95 95 Shale, gray, limy 15 110 Shale, gHBy limy 15 125 Sandstone, gray, pebbly 75 200 Shale, red 100 300 Sand, dark, gray 60 360 Dark sandy beds 290 050 Bluish-gray, limy beds 50 .700 Sandstone, greenish-gTay 190 S90 Shale, red, sandy 30 920 Limestone, gray 18 938 Limestone, dark 7 945 Limestone, dark, slaty 195 1140 Limestone, dark gray, slaty 15 1] 55 inmestone, dark gray 170 1325 Shale, red 65 1390 f Limestone, dark gray . . 435' ] , Limestone, light gray. . 65' | Big Lime Limestone, dark gray . . 95' 945 2335 I Limestone, light gray.. 5' \ [ Limestone, steel gray. .345' J i Shale, red sandy 60' ^ ‘‘Keener” j Shale, gray sandy 15' : 127 2462 ( Sandy beds, purple 52' ' /Sandstone, grayish- white 8' Shell, with gas (little). 22' Sandstone, dark-gray . .18' Sandstone, gray 15' I Sandstone, hard, brown. .10' ! Sandstone, hard dark Big Injun ' brown 15' | 163 Sandstone, hard dark shelly 5' i Sliale, dark, sandy ....15' j Sand, shells, quartz and , pebbles 20' Gtfay sandy beds 10' \Gray sandy beds 25'/ 2625 ( i WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY r.()5 Sltales, sandy, dark i^ray dO 2085 Sandstone, dark, slialy, witli coal streaks 9 2(i!)4 Sandy beds, dark slialy 11 2705 Sliale, gray sandy 15 2720 Sandstone, gray, slialy 20 2740 Sandstone, gray, slialy 15 2755 Shale dark, gray sandy 45 2800 Green sandy beds 25 2825 Sandy beds, dark gray 20 2845 Sandstone, gray, hard. 15 28(50 Sandstone, dark gray 40 2900 Sandstone, gray isli -white 25 2925 Sandstone, grayish 20 2945 Sandstone, white, mixed with dark slate. . 10 2955 Sandstone, grayish-white, mixed with dark slate 20 2975 Slate, dark, with sandstone 25 3000 The elevation of the surface where the Crumps Bottom well begins is about 1500 feet above tide, so that the top of the Big Lime is here only (1500'— 1390') 110 feet above that datum, while it is 1000 to 1200 feet up to the base of the Pottsville in the summits of the mountains, and then 2500 J'eet higher to the plane of the Black Flint, so that if the latter FU’atum were jnesent at Crumps Bottom, the mountain in which it could be found would have a height of (1500-[-1100-{-2500 1=5100 feet above s<‘a level, or to put the case in other words, while the Ivaiiawha Black Flint bed h}is risen from 550 feet above 'fide at Charleston to 5100 feet above tide at Crumps Bottxmi, the ‘‘Big Lime,” or main mnss of the Creenbrier LiuH'stone 1ms only risen from 580 feet below tide to 110 feet nbove, oi* say 700 f('et in all in a distance of 70 odd miles, atid Ihe most of the elevation has probably taken ])lace within the last bai iniles since Ci'umps Bottom is close to the great folds of the Alleghany Mountain ujilift. Even Green brier Co until has been perforated for oil. Tlie Big Injun 8and crop/s to the surface along the Greenbrier river at Rommverte wluu'e its top is 70 to 100 feet above tlu* water, and above it conies the gi'eat mass of the Greonbriei* Limestone (Big Lime) many hundreds of feet in thickness. Some dark heavy oil, probably escaped from the Big Injun Sand, was C(^- lected from the dam of one of the lumber companies a few years 50G OIL AND GAS WELL IIECOKDS ago, and this led to the drilling of a test well at Ronceverte, but of course nothing of value was discovered. The Oil and Gas Horizons of West Virginia. From these numerous well records given over a large region of the State as well as the running commentary thereon, it will be peiceived that there are several well defined oil and gas hori- zons between the Permian rocks at the toj) of the Carboniferous, and the Corniferons Limestone at the base of the Devonian beds. These may be grouped together and classified as follows, in de- scending order, together with the occur : No. XV, Upper Coal Measures, i, Monongahela Formation. ) No. XTV, Barren Measures, i Conemaugh Formation. | No. XIII, Lower Coal Measures c Allegheny Formation. ^ No. XII Pottsville Conglomerate [ beds, I New River and Pocahontas J Coal Series. | L No. XI, Mauch Chunk Red Shale ! No. XI, Mountain or Greenbrier \ Limestone. J No. X, Pocono Sandstone. No. IX, Catskill Red Reds, Upper Devonian Series, Ven- i an^o Oil Sand Group. 1 1 L geological series in which they Carroll Sand. Mounds ville ( Morgantown ) . First Cow Run Sand, Upper and Lower Dunkard Sands. Second Cow Run Sand, '‘Gas” Sand of Marion and Monongalia Counties. “Gas” Sand of Cairo, ‘‘Salt Sand”, Cairo? Maxton, Cairo? No oil or gas horizons except as part of the ‘‘Big Injun” below unless the Beckett Sand of Milton field should belong here. ‘‘Keener” Sand, ‘‘Big Injun” Sand, ‘‘Squaw” Sand. Gantz Sand (Berea Grit), Fifty-Foot Sand, Thirty-Foot Sand, ‘‘Stray” Sand, CampbelTs Run ‘‘Gordon” Sand, W hetstone Run ‘ ‘ Gordon ’ ' Sand, Flat Run ‘‘Gordon” or Fourth Sand, McDonald or Fifth Sand, Bayard or Sixth Sand. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 50 , No well defined oil or gas hor- izons yet discovered in these rocks in West Virginia. Warren, Tiona, Epeechley, Ball- town, Sheffield and Bradforc. Sands of Pennsylvania sup- posed to belong in upper por- tion. Tlie Bajjm-d (Sixth.) Sand is then the lowest known oil and g-as bearino- rock yet discoveretl in West Virginia. Whether any of the rocks ])elow it will ever produce oil or gas in profitable quantity within the State is a problem for future operators to determine. Ill the adjoining State (Ohio), about 300 miles distant from the West Virginia boi'der, the Trenton Limestone of the Lower Silurian, has pi-ovcai very rich in both oil and gas, while in the Sugar Grove region of Ohio, only 60 miles north from the West Virginia line on the Ohio river, the Medina or Clinton beds of the Upper Silurian have yielded a wondeidul sn])ply of high pres- sure natural gas to the cities of Colum Zanesville, Logan, Lane; 'er, Nellsonville, Toledo, etc. In New York, Dr. O’Ton re- I)orts Liie finding of very high pressiu'c gas welV in the Potsdmn Sandstone, at the veiy base of the Palaeozoic colwmn, and only a few feet above the pr-imitive granite. It was foruKO'ly sup})os(ul that no oil or gas in coimnercial quantity would b(‘ found in rocks below the Catskill series of the Devonia n , but as that belied has now been comphdely oveo'thrown by the re^sults of the* drill, and as both theory (anticlimd) and facts of th(‘ prese'iit, unite in pi-oving that the only conditions necessaiy foi- tlu' accumulation of la rye (inantities of gas or oil, are porous, stratified roedcs, Ihrown into wave's erf (‘ernsidei'able bat not terer violent I'eiief, with a curvei* sufficie'iitly impe'rmeable to preve'iit e'scajre*, thei'e remains ner serunel I'e'asern why there may nert be other eril anel gas I'e'servoii's uneler the' surface erf West Vir- ginia, far belerw the' Sixth, eri' Payard Sand. It is true that except in ther seruth-we‘ster*n paid of the State, say frerm the Little Kanawha river, westward, it would pi'obably be imperssible at the present stage of the deep drilling art, to No. VIII, Chemung, Hamilton | and Corniferous Beds, Middle ! Devonian. 508 OIL AND GAS WELL KECOKDS reach any of these horizons even in the Upper Silurian, (Medina) but this may be possilhe, and even profitable some time in the futui'e. To reaeli the Medina horizon, anywhere in the iMononga- lia, Marion, Wetzel, Tyler or Doddridge county oil fields, would require a boring probably not less than a mile and a half in depth, and the Trenton horizon would then be possibly a half mile farther below. But in the re- gion of Huntington, the Corniferous Limestone which lies GOO to 800 feet above the Medina, was struck only at 2760 feet, and hence in that portion of the State where the Cats- kill, Chemung and Hamilton heels have thinned away so greatly, it will be quite easy to bore to the Medina gas horizon, and even possible to reach the Trenton, though owing to the absence of the propiM* relief of structural features, it is doubtful if either would be found gas or oil bearing in that region. As stated on a preceding page, the mountain regions of the State have not been properly tested for the presence of gas or oil, since from the great size of the anticlinal arches in those regions, and the necessary f]*acturing, and fissuring of the rocks resulting from these steeply folded strata, any borings must necessarily go to a g]'eat depth (5,000 to 10,000 feet) in order to give a fair test under such conditions. ^ \ on the theory of the origin of natural gas and i)etroleuin from buried organisms (both animals and ])lants,) and there are but f(‘w geologists who advocate any other, it would aj)])ear en- tirely reasonable to believe that enough organic matter fas been entoii:!)ed in any of the earth’s stratified, or sedimentary beds, to furnish large supplies of the hydro-carbon compounds, in 'the form nf either oil or gas, or both, provided the small (piantiti(‘S of ea<‘h in any of such strata, can find a porous reservoir in which to coll(‘ct, and a geological struelure (the roclp disturbed by an- ticlinal u'aves, or rapid and irregular dips) favorable to the seg- regaf ion and jireservation of the sam(\ Of course if flie cocks be highly contorted, fracfni’ed, fault(‘d, or too greatly disturbed, all of these li(|uid or volatile hydro-carbons within reach of ordi- nary drilling oiierations will have escaped fi*oni the strata and it will jnove useless to explore for them, even in sedimentary beds, WEST VIKGTNrA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 500 and it without sayinj^- tliat no storos oi' eithor oil or gas need be lookcnl Tor in crystalline or inetaniorpliic rocks of any descrip- tion, such as granites, syenites, scliists, etc. Ckaracler (Did Quality of West Virginia Petroleum. All ot the oil produced in the State belongs to the highest grade and (piality of Pennsylvania petroleum of the “white sand” type. It has a p.‘iraffine base instead of asphalt as in Eussian and most foreign oils, as well as in that from California, Y7yoming, Colorado, Texas, and all regions yielding petroleum from rocks of recent geological age, since the paraffine oils appear to be confined almost exclusively to rocks of the Palaeozoic or Mes- ozoic Era. , The color of the West Virginia petroleum ranges from al- most black through all shades of green and amber up to a nearly trans})a rent fluid with only a tinge of yellow, ^^kile the gi'avity varies from 28° TL, a good (luality of lubricating oil, occurring in the ‘CSalt Sand” of the Volcano region, Ritchie county, at a sliallow d('])th, to W/- 2 ° B., the lightest gravity petroleum known in the Avorld, found in the Eirst Cow Run Sand, near IMounds- ville, Mai-shall county. Mr. n. B. Scrafford, Ceneral Manager of the Eureka Pipe Lines in W(‘st Virginia, has kindly furnished the Survey a state- ment of tli(‘/ gravity, color, (he., of tlu; oils from the dilferent sands in West Virginia, and the adjoining r(*gion of south-('a stern Ohio, as handled by the [)ump stations in the several jegions. d'hese oils would show a little higher gravity if the samples had been ta,k('n dii*e(d, from th(^ wells, but those given are the gr'avities of the sev(M‘al oils after they had been ti'ansported to the different l()cal j)umping stations, ajid hence »‘(‘pres(mt them on a conimer- cial basis. This table which often includes s(*veral samples in the same region is as follows: 510 OIL AND GAS WELL EECORDS Location of Pump Station. County. . Sand. Gravity ^’s B. i Color. Mt. Morris Greene, Pa. Big Injun 46 Amber “ “ “ “ Dunkaid 142 “ “ “ Elizal)eth, Sixth I41 “ Dolls Run Monongalia Big Injun j46 “ Jakes Run ii ii 146 Basnett, Fairview, Marion Gordon i43i “ “ “ Big Injun i45f “ Downs, Mann’gton “ Gordon !42^to 43i *• “ Big Injun 46^ “ '^?etrich i i Gprdon T2i “ Joetown “ “ |42| Masters, Board Tree Greene, Pa, 'm Glendale Marshall First Cow Run :63| 1 1 Arckes Wetzel Dunkard :52ij Big Injun ;45f “ U ii :46>^ il “ ii ii !48j (( “ Gordon 39i “ “ “ '42i “ Ricliwood (< n 431 Pine Fork i44i Braden, Indian Cr. ;Tyler Big Injun “ “ “ Gordon |44-i “ Big Flint Doddridge Dunkard |48i- Black ‘‘ Maxton !45 Amlier “ Big Injun 142:1 Black “ “ ! “ 1 ii 43f (i a 1 “ 1 ii .i 45>.^ Amber it 1 “ 46K 4 4 ;; ;; 47A 4 4 “ Gordon 42 nil “ “ 43f ‘‘ ii ii ! <• “ tsf “ “ i Harrison Fifth, McDonald 44 4 4 Ankrom, Indian Cr. Tyler Maxton 45 ' 4 4 “ “ “ Big Injun 48 “ ‘ ^ ii n n ii 46 Black Martin, Elk Fork Keener iS)f Amber Sancho (Bradens) “ 1 Maxton 43 Black “ “ 1 “ ' Big Injun 50 And)er Wick < 1 1 Cow Run 47 Green “ “ Maxton 47 Black “ u i Keener 45 Amber “ ii 1 Big Injun I 52 j “ Hebron “ I Cow Run 1 46 i Green “ Big Injun 46f Amber Stewart, Mid’e IslCr “ Cow Run 54 , “ u i. Maxton 44 Black “ “ “ “ “ 1 Keener ! 53f Amber “ “ “ ‘‘ ii Big Injun , i 44K 1 4 4 “ “ “ “ “ ( ( i i ' 46i ! Green 11 “ “ “ 4 ( 44 54 Bhu^k WEST VTUGINIA GEOLOGTCAL SIJKVEY 511 Location of Pump Station, County. Sand. Gravity, "’s B. Color. Thistle, Sistersvillc Tyler Keener 48 Amber “ 47 “ “ Monroe, 0. “ 47f “ “ “ Salt Sand 44 “ “ “ Big Injun 47^ ‘r ‘‘ “ “ 50 “ “ “ “ “ 50.1 “ “ “ Maxton 47 Black “ “ ( i Berea 46.1 Amber Trail Kun Washington, 0. Keener 441 ‘i ( ( a “ 46 “ “ “ “ 46f ‘‘ “ “ “ Big Injun 47 “ “ “ “ 48 “ “ “ “ ii i ( 49 t k Cairo Ritchie Salt Sand 451 “ ( i i i Big Injun 50 “ Pennsboro Boulder 41 Burning Springs Wirt Cow Run 39 Green “ Big Injun 51 ( < Volcano Wood Salt Sand 341 “ “ “ Berea 501 “ Mounts, Stillw’l Or, Boreman, Worth- ‘ " 41 ■ ington Creek “ 39.1 Big Run “ Cow Run 43“ 1 1 Bull Cr. Waverly “ “ “ 46 “ ii H i ( “ Big Injun 40 “ Eureka Pleasants Cow Run 46 “ “ Berea 51 Washington, 0, Shallow 42 First Cow Run 49 “ “ “ “ “ 501 Lig’t Green i i Second “ “ 431 Dark “ i i “ Salt Sand 42' “ “ i i “ Big Injun 42 Green i i “ “ “ 53,1 Amber n Berea 41 Green i ( “ 471 Amber Corning Athens, 0. “ 38 Black New Castle Monroe, 0. “ 43 (C Barnesville Belmont, 0. “ 44 ■ ii Mi\ Ray V. Jlenneii, and Chief (Jlerk of tiie Sur- vey, has ]-(‘cently visitcal several of the ])rodueing‘ i-e^i’ions of the State and made a few tests of the g'ravity of tlie oils as tliey come fresh from the wells as well as that of some bottled samph's. His results are (*ml)odi(‘d in the following- table ; 512 OIL AND GAS WELL RECORDS Location of Sample Near County. Sand. Gravitv °’s B 1 Farm and Well No. Remarks. Milton Field Cabell Keener C. E. fiurns No. 2 Fresh oil u 1 40. ti jC. Beckett No. 1 ii ii “ “ 10.9 J. Hai’shbarger No. 1 4. " i E. W. Beckett No. 1 istinfl’d stan- ing- 1 month “ 34.9 : .. u 44 Bottled sample i “ Cow Run 42.4 ' 44 ii Keener '40.7 i “ “ 2 Fresh oil i “ Cow Run 40.2 3 Saved by drill’s Keener 41.1 T. J. Berkley 1 Fresh oil Fellow Creek jCalhoun Gantz (?) 142.0 J. Metz 2 and 4 (31d wells Li ; “ 141.2 jj. Metz land 3 i i fcfc ii “ 1 43.0 J. Metz 4 ii 44.3 J. Metz 6, 7 and 8 44 ; 48. 3_ S. Selraan No. 1 New, largest in li’d when str’k “ 45.5 Oaf Taylor No. 2 Rowels Run 44 1 ;44.i |R. Curry No. 1 1st in held 1 “ 44.6 E. A. Fore No. 2 20 bbl. well Chester ! Hancock Berea 49.3 S. A Richmond 2 Fresh oil 1 48.0 44 4. ^ 44 44 47.7 “ “ 4 and 5 ii ii “ Beaver, Pa. '40.0 T. M. Nickle No. 1 W. Va.-Pa. line Mounds vi lie Marshall Dunkard 147.5 Higgins 1, 2 tind 3 Tn tank s’etime Amos P. (). Marion Fifth 43.8 S. J. Harvey No. 4 Bayard 42.1 ! Wilson H’rs No, 9 Deepest oil w’ll in wo’d 3631 ft) Cairo ' Ritchie Keeiier 45.0 .1, Moats No. 5 Fresh oil “ 1 45.9 S. ]Moats No. 4 i 4. “ Salt 43.1 II. Moats No 2 j 44 “ Big- Injun 45.8 A. M. Douglas No. 1 1st in f’d (14 yr) 44 13.0 I). M. Sl(‘etli No. 1 Fresh cil 44 Carroll 40.0 1 A. Y Few No. 2 i Bottled sample “ 40.9 -I. C. Let' No. 10 4. Smith ville “ Big- Injun II. 1. W m. Jlarker No. 2 * 44 Rurton Wetzel Maxton 13.5 i W. G Snodgrass No. 1 j 90 bbl, V ell 44 44.0 ! J. Santee No. 2 Bottled sample Burning- Spr’g-s Wirt ■2jid Cow Run 39.1 Roberts Brothers j Salt 38.0 44 44 “ 37.0 A. P. Clark 1-6 1 2nd Cow Run 42.8 Roberts Brothers r)0(t ft. : 33.3 a ** Keener 11.8 a a WEIST VlliUlISU GEOLOGIOAI^ SURVEY CHAPTER V. THE COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS. In the annual report of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, Part I, Oil and Gas, for 1886, pages 787-827, there was published a very iniportant paper on “The Chemical Composition of Natural Gas” by Professor Francis C. 1 hillips of the Western University of Pennsylvania. Since this elaborate paper of Professor Phillips is not now genei^ally accessible, ancl owing to the importance of natural gas as a source of heat in West Virginia, this valuable paper of Professor Phillips is here- with re-published in full, together with the explanatory imte of the late Mr. C. A. Ashburiier, as follows: THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OP NATURAL GAS.* By Francis C. Phillips, Professor of Chemistry, Western University, AUeglioty, Pa. I ntrodnct ion. Natural gas, as obtained from sev(o-al of the most ])ro(luctive fields in Pennsylvania, according to the analytical data prc'sented *Prof. P))il]i)^s has spent eonsiderable time in tlie study aiivl prac- tical investigations of gaseous fuels, and at niy re(|uest he was com- missioned in the early part of the year to make analyses of tlu^ natural gas from eight of the most pi’ominent })ools in the Statf*, and one an- alysis of the Fredonia gas in New YoiF The first systematic investigation as to the composition of nat- ural gas in the State, was made by the Geological Survey in 1^75, the ]-esults of which were published in a Report on the Tl^se of Natural Gas in lion Manufactu]*e, in 1876. Since ISSd, wlum the use of natural gas for fuel became rnoiv general, numeious analyses of the different gases have been made by a numbei' of chemists. The wide differences in the composition of the gases as shown by these analyses were so great that Pi’of. ]^hilli]>s exercised rnoi'e than special care in the col- lection of his sam[)les, and in the method of determining the individual constituents of the gases. All analyses were made in duplicate. C. A. ASHBURNFR, Geologist in Charge, 511 THE COMPOSITION OF NATT EAL GAS in this report, consists chiefly of the hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, to^otlier with nitrogen, a small proportion of carbon diox- ide and traces of oxygtai. Free hydrogen was found in minute quantity in S|)eeclfley gas. It is possible that by employing many thousand cubic feet of gas, traces of other constituents might he discovered. Tiiasmuch as the composition of natural gas pos- sesses an intei*('st for those who are not familiar with the strictly chemical as])ect of the question, a fcAv preliminary statements as to the more characteristic properties of its chief constituents will no doubt prove of value in this connection. Hydrogen is obtained as a gas by the action of dilute sulphuric acid upon zinc. It is also produced during the putre- faction of vegetable matters buried under stagnant water. Its specific gravity is 0.06923-1: as compared with air. One cubic meter weighs 0.089523 kilogram. One cubic foot weig:hs 39.12 grains. Hydrogen is odorless and tasteless. It takes fire at a bright red heat, and more readily than other constituents of fuel gases. Hydrogen in burning generates 34180 heat units per unit weight burned. The product of its combustion is water. In fuel gases hydrogen may occur in two very different forms. In its free and micoynhined state, it is often reported in the anal 3 ^ses of natural gas, and constitutes generality from 30 per cent, to 40 })er cent. l)y volume of ordinary coal gas, being a pro- duct (vf the (k'structive distillation of coal at veiy high tempera- tures. 9'h(‘ pi'('sence of a lai'ge propoiTion of free hydrogen in a gas fuel caus(‘s it to bium with a relatively small admixture of air, since one volume of hydrogen re([uin\s onl^^ one-half volume of oxygen, oi* two and one-halt* volumes of air for complete combus- tion. The hydrogen flame is non-luminous. In eonibinatioii with earhon, in the form of hydro-carbons, lynlrogen constituh's about one-fourth by weight of the combus- tible ])ortion of the natural gas now being used as fuel in Penn- s.vlvania. These h^ulro-carbons, which represent approximately nine- WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 515 tenths by volume oF natural i?as, are divided into two classes: Paratfins and Olefines. Of the paraffins, the best known and most abundant is methane (C H^) consisting of 25.03 per cent, hydro- gen, and 74.97 per cent, carbon by weight. Methane is, like hydrogen, a product of the destructive member of the series occurs in smaller quantity. Concerning the higher members, Propane, (CgHg), and Butane, (CiH,,,), very little is as yet known, but there is reason to think that they are of common occurrence. Pentane, (CsHio), isfounrl in the light- est distillates from petroleum, and the higher members are found in abundance in crude oil. It may be said concerning the gaseous hydro-caihons of the series that they possess higher specific grav- ity, fuel value and illuminating power, and also stronger odor in proportion as the ])ercentage weight of carbon is greater. The illuminating power of pure methane, artificially pre- pared, has been determined as 5.15 to 5.20 standard candles per 5 cubic feet burned per hour. (Wright, Chemical News, 1885, p. 102.) The second class of hydro-carbons found in gas and petro- leum includes the Olefines. Of these the typical member is Ethy- lene or Olefiant gas, (C.,H 4 ) Ethylene is one of the products of the action of heat upon coal and various vegetable substances. It is a gas having a specific gravity of 0.96744. Condensable to a liquid at a temperature of 166° below zero F. According to Prankland its illuminating power is equal to 68 standard candles, and hence the name “illuminating hydro-carbons” often given to the group. One cubic foot in ])urning reciuires 3 cubic feet of oxygen, or 15 cubic feet of air. On account of their limited occurrence, olefines in many eases have no influence upon the fuel value of natui*al gas. They ai)peai* to he more a1)undant among the less volatile hydro-carlions of petroleum. Whether hydrogen occurs in the free state in a gas fuel, or as a hydro-carbon, the product of comlmstion will invariably be water vapor, mixed in the latter case with carhon dioxide. Carbon Dioxide, CO.;,. Well known as a universal prod- uct of decay, and as a gaseous furnace product, Carhon Diox- ide or Carbonic Acid is ev(‘rywhere prescmt, in the air, in water and in the soil and i-ocks. A sulfocating gas, having a specific gravity of 1.5241. 1 cubic meter w(‘ighs 1.9650 kilogram. Condensable to a li((uid under 780 lbs. ])r(‘ssure at 60° F. WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 517 iiH‘()inl)iistil)l(‘ its pivscnce in (varying' from a trace to 4 oi‘ 5 per cent.) tends to rediiee to a corresponding degree tlu* fuel value. Its presence may readily be shown by causing the gas to stream slowly through lime water, in which a milky deposit of carbonate of lime soon begins to form. Xitrogeii . — As a diluent of greater influence upon fuel value, we must regard nitrogen, on account of its occurrence in larger (tuantity. Constituting 4-5 of atmospheric air, it is well known for its chemically indifferent chai*acter. In gas fuels it reduces the heating i)ower in propoi'tion to its quantity. Gas from the liukill well, Lyon’s run, contained 2.02 per cent, while gas from Houston (near Canonsburg) contained 15.80 per cent, of nitrogen. Should the natural gas supply ever become seriously diminished, it is jiroliable that a time will come wlien the actual calorific power will be an imi)ortant factor in determining the mai'ket value. In that event the j)roportion of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, as well as the, chai-acter of the hydro-carbons, will possess great interest for the gas companies and the consumers. Oxygen being well known as the constituent of atmos- pheric air which is the active cause in all cases of combustion slow or rapid, its presence in natui'al gas would seem improba- ble. Contact of Oxygen with the oxidi/able elements of gas under high })ressure would appeaj* likely to cause its absorption and th(' formation of a cori*esi)onding amount of carbon dioxide or waftn*. Nevertheless nunute ti*aces ar*e constantly found and are indicated with grvat i)ositiveiu*ss in gas as it flows directly from th(‘ wells and uinho' high j)ressure. It has been exj)erijnent- ally shown that oxygen and nitrogen may be dissolved and held in mechanical solution by peti*oieum, and that oxygen is even more sohd)h‘ in peti*oleum than in water. (St. Guiewosz, Re- ports of the Berlin Chemical Society, 1887 j). 188.) Foi* its li(juifact ion methane re(inires, as ali*eady stated, a ])r(‘ssnre ol at h^ast 2,700 lbs. at common teirq)e]'ntui'es. Ltliane is li([uilied undcM* a pressui'e of 000 lbs. Carbon dioxide requires a pressure of 780 lbs. 518 THE COMPOSITION OF NATUKAL GAS Far greater pressures are needed for the liqu if action of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a fact of much interest in this connection that in the ease of methane, the principal constituent of natural gas, the pressure under which liquifaction takes place is about four times that found in the most productive gas wells. If in the reservoir tapped by the well a pressure exists four times greater than that at the well mouth, it is probable that the expansion there resulting would cause a marked lowering of the temperature in the well. It is commonly found however that the main leading from the well mouth does not possess a temperature much lower than the air. From this it seems probable that methane cannot exist in a liquified state in the rocks. The carbon dioxide and ethane, on the other hand, may occur constantly in liquid form in the rocks to which many of the wells penetrate. Collection of Samples. Glass vessels having a capacity of 250 to 400 cubic centi- meters were carefully dried by a current of warm air, and in order to obtain the gas as nearly as possible free from moisture the following method was employed: Glacial phosphoric acid, partially cooled from fusion, was drawn out into fine threads. A considerable number of such threads, in short pieces, could be pushed through the glass stop- cocks, by which the vessels were (4osed, and left in the vessels which were then ready for the reception of gas samples. It is of importance to state that these vessels had been long in use for the same purpose and had been proved to be air-tight by thorough and repeated tests. In collecting the samples several of these glass cylinders were connected in a series with the well or main by short rubber hose, and gas allowed to flow for twenty minutes through them all. The stopcocks were then closed in such a manner as to leave a slight excess of gas pressure in each vessel. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SIJKVEY 519 The stopcocks (which luul previously been well greased with a mixture of tallow and wax) were then wound over and com- pletely eovei'ed by fine cord, so that each resembled a ball of cord. The capillary ends of the cylinders were then closed by short I)ieces of thick rubber hose plugged with glass rods. By this mode of wrapping all movement of the stopcocks during transportation on railroads is prevented. The gas thus left in contact with the glacial phosphoric was gradually dried and ready for analysis on reaching the laboratory. The common method of taking a gas sample in a glass cylin- der having finely drawn out ends, which are to be sealed by a dame when the vessel is filled, is not applicable in the case of natural gas. ddie constant escape of gas about a gas well renders the use of a flame al)solutely impossible on account of the danger of accident. Vessels closed t)y glass stopcocks are now supplied by dealers, cai)able of holding a gas sample for many weeks with- out risk of leaking. Method of Analysis. The determination of carbon and hydrogen existing in com- bustible foruj in tlu' gas was conducted by combustion over oxide of copper ill a porcelain tube, which was kept at a bright red heat, and the ri^sulting carbon dioxide and water collected sepa- rately and weighed. OiKi of the glass cylinders, filled with gas at the well, was placed in a vertical jiosition and the temjieralure observed at intervals. When it was found that the temperature^ had remained constant for two hours, the lower sto[)coi:k was opened for a moment to alh)w the exi'css of gas to esi^ape and secure equilib- rium bi'tweem th(> pressure of the gas inside and that of the atmosphere. At the same time the tenqierature' and the height of the bai*om(‘t(*r w<‘i‘e I'ecorded., The glass cylinder was then conn(‘cted with a porcelain tube containing oxide of copper, and already heated to intmise rialness in a furnace, and the gas forced out of the cylinder by dry mercury. As the gas escaped 520 THE COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS from the cylinder it was carried through the porcelain tube by a slow stream of nitrogen previously dried by suitable means. The gas was thus burned completely to carbon dioxide and water which were collected and weighed by the usual methods, using a balance plainly sensitive to 1-10000 gram. After the combustion, the glass cylinder was accurately cali- brated by means of mercury at a known temperature, and thus was determined the exact volume of gas which had been burned. As it appeared possible under the conditions of the method that some nitrogen might undergo an oxidation, the water pro- duced in the combustion of the gas was carefully tested, but in no case was the water found to have an acid reaction. In the above described method are determined the weights of carbon and hydrogen per unit volume of gas. In conducting the combustion great care was taken to secure complete oxida- tion, of the combustible constituents, and absorption of the products. For the absorption of water, sulphuric acid of 1.71 Sp. Gr., followed by phosphoric anhydride, was used, and for the carbon dioxide a solution of caustic potash in glycerine. For the determination of nitrogen the following method was e]n{)l()yed: A porcelain combustion tube containing oxide of coppci' was brought to a yellow heat, and a stream of carbon dioxide conducted through the tube until the last traces of air were expelled. The exinilsion of the air was considered complete when it was found that the carbon dioxide escaping from the tube was wholly absorbed by a solution of caustic potash, — 100 cubic centi- meters of such gas not leaving a visible quantity unabsorbed by the allmline solution. Then, after expulsion of the last traces of air, a (quantity of natural gas (100 c. c. were generally em- ployed), was allowed to How slowly into the stream of carbon dioxide as it entered the combustion tube, in this manner the gas was burned and a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide collected in a eudiometer over caustic potash solution. After the absoi'ption of the carbon dioxide the volume of the residual WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY r)2i niti’o^vn w;is niensured. This nitrogen was carefully tested for carbon dioxide, oxyj»‘eii and carbon monoxide, and was fre- quently rei)assed throujih the heated combustion tube a second time and a^-ain measured, in order to insure tlie comi)lete com- bustion of all hydi'o-carbons. This repetition demonsti*ated in all but one or two instances that the nitrogen was pure. It was found that with a sufficiently slow stream of gas the oxidation by the oxide of copper is easily* rendered complete, although the rate of flow must be regulated with great care. By the common eudiometric methods of analysis no deter- mination is more difficult than that of nitrogen when occurring in small quantities in admixture with hydrocarbons of the paraf- fin series. In the method above described large ({uantities of gas can be employed, and the results are accurate. The determination of free oxygen in natural gas cannot well be made with the quantity of gas commonly at disposal. A test was made in every instance in alxmt 100 cubic centimeters of gas, using an Elliott apparatus, and as m j'bsorbent a solution of caustic soda and pyrogallic acid. L all cases the results were negative. 1 have found it necessaiy to conduct tiu' tests for oxygen at the wells, and this was done in the 1‘ollowing manner: .A slow stream of gas was caused to flow (dii’tx'tly from the well or main) successively tln*ough solutions of caustic [)otash and pyrogallic acid for 10 minutes, in order to expel tlissolved air. Then by a simi)le contrivance the two fluids w(‘re mixed with- out intei'rupting the cui'rcmt of gas, which ('ontiniK'd some tinfe longer through the mixture. If the niixu'd fluids then exhibiud a bro,wn color, gradually increasing in depth, it was considered that the presence of oxygen was (established. 1 he direct determinaf ioii of Ii'(^e hydi'ogen has gvnei'idly been considered a matter of such difficulty, that in many i)ub- lished analysers its (piaiitity has IxMni estimated by a, e{)69 0.198C)6 0.9152 10354 29319 120.54 7.999 Wilcox 0.64622 0.19828 0.9152 9925 28102 115.54 7.667 Speechley 0.69857 0.20736 0.9173 11144 81554 129.73 8.609 Lyon’s Run, near 1 Murrysville 0.53741 0.17950 0 9081 9296 26:121 i 108.22 7.181 Raccoon Creek 0.62918 0.19408 0.91.52 9661 27355 ' 112.47 7.463 Baden 0.64209 0.19677 0.9152 9515 26941 ! 110.77 7.350 Houston 0.64737 0.19694 0.9152 9224 1 26119 107 .38 7.126 1 This factor is a fraction. Its numerator represents the actual number of heat units j)roduced in the burning of the unit weight of the total paraffins, from a consideration of the per- centage of carbon and hydrogen in the gas. The denominator represents the num})er heat units oldained when the quan- tities of contained carbon and hydrogen are multiplied by the numbers 8080 and 34,180 respectively, and the products added. ColuTnn No. 4 gives the actual fuel value of each gas ex- pressed in heat units per cubic meter. These numbers represent the heat of combustion calculated for the carbon and hydrogen separately, these two added together, and their sum multiplied by the corresponding factor in column No. 3. The' numbers in column No. 5 indicate kilograms of water which can be warmed from 0° to 1° C, when 100 cubic feet of the respective gas measured at 0° C. and under a barometric pressure of 76 centimeters, is burned at an initial temperature of 18° C, or 64.4° F; (this last is the temperature assumed by Thomsen in 552 THE COMPOSITION OF NATURAL GAS his detci'ininatioiis,) and assuming that the products of combus- tion arc licpiid water and gaseous carbon dioxide. In column G are stated the number of pounds avoirdupois of water whi(*h, theoretically should be boiled away at 100° C. into steam at the same temperature, and under atmospheric pressure, when 100 cubic feet of gas are burned. The latent heat of evap- oration of water in this calculation has been assumed as 536.2 heat units. (Berthelot, Comptes Rendus, 1877, p. 646.) In the seventh column a comparison is given between gas and pure charcoal, assumed free from ash.* Charcoal has l)een chosen rathoi’ than coke or coal, for the reason that exact calorimetric data as to the latter fuels are as yet difficult to obtain, and calculated values are uncertain. An impression prevails, based partly upon analytical data and partly upon a sujpposed variation in the steam producing power, that natural gas is subject to constant fluctuations in com- position. To what extent such fluctuations are liable to affect the value of the results of the above calculations, I am wholly unable to state. In conclusion I have to express my indebtedness for informa- tion a.nd for facilities in conducting tests and examinations at wells to the following gentlemen : klr. K. Chickering, of the Oil Well Supply Co., Oil City; Mr. W. C. Henry of the United Nat- ural Gas Co., Wilcox; Mr. Walter Horton and Mr. John McNair, of Sheffield ; Mr. J. D. Bruder, of Kane ; Mr. E. J. Crissey, of Fredonia ; Mr. T. F. Gayley, of Rochester, and to the officers of the Philadeli)hia Gas Co., the Baden Gas Co. and the Pennsyl- vania Gas Co. of Pittsburg, and to many others. These results of Prof. Phillips show a larger proportion of Nitrogen than that obtained by chemists in more recent analyses, and in order to get comparative data, a series of careful analyses *As already stated the l^eat imit employed in the above calcula- tions is the quantity of heat required to warm one kilogram of water from 0° to 1° C The plan of statement of results I have ado})ted will render it an easy matter, however, to substitulc was done in 1902 under the direction of ]\Tr. W. N. Brown, topoj^rapher, by Mr. J^)hn W. Hodges, lovelnian. All permanent bench marks dei)endent on this datum are marked with the letters ‘‘GRAFTON” in addition to the figures of elevation. The permanent bench murks on the Morgantown quad- rangle are rt^erred to the Pittsburg datum and marked with the letters “PITTSBURG” in addition to the figures of elevation. Morgantown Southeast via Dellslow to Masontown, Returning West- erly and North via Cold Spring, to Morgantown. (Hie closure of this circuit slightly exceeded allowahle limit J Fee-t. Morgantown, 0.4 mile east first bridge over Decker’s creek on southeast corner of east abutment, chisel mark 820.55 Morgantown, .9 mile east of; second bridge over Decker’s Creek on northwest corner of east abutment, chisel mark. 823.30 Morgantown, 3.9 miles east of; at Johnson’s Mills; third bridge over Decker’s (h’eek, at northeast corner of west abutment of, on bridge seat, chisel mark 890.14 Dellslow, north side of creek, 30 feet oast of bridge, over, in toj) of large bouldei', aluminum tablet marked “994 PITTSBURG 1899” 993.846 Dellslow, 4.8 miles south of;covered bridge over Decker’s Creek, on south side of east abutment, chisel mark 1454.81 Masontown, Methodist church, in southeast corner of founda- tion, aluminum tablet marked “1843” PITTSBURG”.. 1842.421 Cold Spring, .5 mile north of; near watering trough west of pike, on large sandstone, aluminum tabJet marked “2113 PITTSBURG” 2112.571 Masontown, W. Va., Southeast Along Plighway to Albright, thence Northeast to Lenox„ thence Northerly via Bruceton Mills to Elliottsville, Pa. Feet. Herring Postoffice, southwest corner of stone foundation of church at, bronze tablet marked “2042 GRAFTON”.. 2042.080 Honing, 4.3 miles southeast of; 8.4 miles east of Mason- town stone abutment over bridge, s(piare cut on 1767.00 Albright, iron bridge over Cheat river at; northwest corner of stone abutment, square cut on 1214.82 Lenox ])ost office, at southwest corner of stone foundation of, aluminum tablet marked “2123 GRAFTON” 2122.318 Lenox, 2.25 miles noifh of; soul invest coiiuu’ of stone founda- tion of Methodist church, bronze tal)let marked “1851 564 PllECISE LEVELS GRAFTON’ 1850.258 Bniceton Mills, 1.6 miles south of; residence of Marshall A. Wolfe, southeast corner '>{' cut stone foundation, bronze tablet marked ‘^1578 Gl.l FTON” 1577.470 Bruceton Mills, Lutheran church, northeast corner of stone foundation, aluminum tablet markeh, 1549 GR.vFTON”. . 1549.206 Brandonville, 1.5 miles east of ; residt : ce of \"in. M. Willott southwest corner of cut stone fouxulation, bronze tablet m^irked ^M831 GRAFTON” 1831.723 Morgantown NorLliwesterly to Blacksville. Feet. Cassville, 20 feet north of road and 20 feet west of road running north, stone door step of post office, bronze tablet marked ^‘999 GRAFTON” 999.202 Core, 2.2 miles northwest of; 10 feet south of road, bridge over east side of Doll’s run, southeast abutment of, bronze tablet marked ^^913 GRAFTON” 913.265 Worley, 2 miles west of; east side of road, north side of Dunkard creek, bridge over at forks of road, on abutment of, chisel mark 951.11 Blacksville, (3.9 miles west of Worley), 10 feet east of center of road, bridge over Dunkard creek, 5 feet north of bridge floor, in stone abutment bronze tablet marked ‘‘958 GRAFTON” 957.321 Dunkard Creek South Along Highways to Amos, Thence Southeast Along Highway to Catawba. Feet. Amos or Fairview, (7.0 miles south of Ponetown) 30 feet from center of road, east side of door to post office, in door step, bronze tablet marked “1000 GRAFTON”.... 999.900 Rivesville, 8.3 miles east of Basnettsville, south side of road, iron bridge over Paw Paw Creek, on abutment west side of creek, chisel mark 859.65 Fairmoint Northv/est Along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad via Man- niiigton and Hundred to Bellton. Feet. Barrackville, crossing at station, top of rail 907. Barrackville, 3.7 miles northwest of; 1.7 miles southeast of Farmington, bridge No. IIG, northeast abutment, on top of, chisel square 927.51 Farmington, 2.8 miles northwest of; on abutment of bridge cliisel square 953.28 Mannington, corner Railroad and Market streets, door of Exchange Bank, ])i]lar north of, bi’onze tablet marked “975 GRAFTON 1902” 975.056 Metz, road crossing, top of rail 1002. Glovers Gap, in south foundation of signal tower; bronze WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 565 tablet marked ‘‘1040 GRAFTON 1002’’ 1039.615 Glovers Gap. in front of station; top of rail 1041. Hundred, crossing at station; top of rail 1019. Hundred, 0.1 mile nortlnvest of; nortlieast abutment of bridge No. 128, on top of bridge seat, bi-onze tablet marked “1013 GRAFTON 1902”....^ 1013.049 Bellton, in front of station; top of rail 893. Mannington, North Up Flat Rim Along Public Roads via Galletin to Crossroads. ( Single spur line.) Feet. Galletin post office, 300 feet east of; north of road, in face of of rock, bronze tablet marked “1452 GRAFTON 1902”. . 1452.067 Crossroads, (i)ostofrice), 2.9 miles northeast of; on north of road down Miracle Run. 30 feet east of Mrs. Marberly’s dwelling, in face of large rock, bronze tablet marked “1014 GRAFTON 1903” 1014.378 BlacksviUe, W. Va., West Along Public Roads via Bula, W. Va. Brave, Pa. and St. Cloud, W, Va. to Hundred Station. Feet. Bula, 1.7 miles northeast of; northwest abutment of bridge over Dunkard creek, chiseled square 96-5.44 WETZEL, TYLER DODDRIDGE, HARRISON, PLEASANTS, RITCHIE, GILMER AND BRAXTON COUNTIES. Littleton, Salem, New Martmsville, West Union, St. Marys, Har- risville, Ilolhrook and Glenville Quadrangles. ^ The various initial points upon which these levels depend are bench marks of the Coast and Geodetic Survey transconti- nental precise level line and the precise level line of Army En- gineers along the Ohio River, the elevations accepted for which being also in accord with the 1903 adjustment. The leveling here listed was done in 1903, that on the Little- ton and West Union quadrangles was done under the direction of Mr. E. I. Ireland, topographer, by Mr. G. L. Gordon, levelman; that on the Salem and part of Holbrook quadrangles was done under the direction of Mr. A. M. AValker, topographer, by Mr. G. L. Gordon, levelman. The remainder of the Holbrook quadrangle being done Tander the direction of Mr. Albert Pike, topographer, by Mr. F. T, Willis, levelman, and that on the New Martinsville and St, Mcirys quadrangles was done under the direction of 5G6 PKECISE LEVELS ]\rr. W. N. Morrill, topographer, by Mr. R. E. McFadden, level- man. Permanent bench marks dependent on this datum are marked with the letters ‘‘GRAFTON,” in addition to the fig- ures of elevation. Bellton Southwest Along Highways via West to Halls Mills, thence South to Reader, thence Along Highways and Railroad East to Lot, thence Northeast Along Highway to Littleton. Feet. Bannen, 1.1 miles southwest of; sclioollioiise, sub dist. No. 9, cS.(S feet southwest of west corner, iron post marked “1398 GRAFTON’’ 1398.112 Bannen, 2.8 miles southwest of ; sohoolhouse at forks of road stone steps, bottom step, west end, chiseled square 1376.95 Silverhill, at Laurel Run, bridge over west abutment, south end, chiseled square 1133.96 West, forks of road at; east angle, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet marked “1106 GRAFTON” 1106.218 Halls Mills, 5.3 miles southwest of West; north side of road near Mr. Thomas Adams store and dwelling, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet marked “774 GRAFTON” 774.396 Reader, county bridge over Fishing Greek, south abutment, northeast corner, aluminum tablet marked “693 GRAF- TON” 693.676 Reader, 0.8 mile southeast of ; B. & 0. R. R. bridge No. 145 east abutment, north end, top stone, chiseled square.... 687.893 Pine Grove, north fork of Fishing Creek, covered bridge over north abutment, southwest corner, chiseled square 712.58 Pine Grove, 1.8 miles southeast of; B. & 0. R. R. bridge No. 195 north abutment bridge seat, eest end, chiseled square. 723.07 Jacksonburg, at railroad crossing, top of rail 747.3 Jacksonburg, 0.1 mile southeast of; Buffalo Run, B. & 0. R. ^ R. bridge over, northwest abutment, south corner of bridge seat, bronze tablet marked “746 GRAFTON” 745.958 Jacksonburg, 6.2 miles northeast of; .05 mile southeast of Bowman’s east side of road, outcrop of rock, aluminum tablet marked “839 GRAFTON” 839.184 Bowmans, 5.4 miles nortlieast of; Uniontown, .08 mile south- west of, south side of road, outcrop of rock, aluminum .tablet marked “1133 GRAFTON” 1133.244 Uniontown, 1.0 mile northeast of bridge over Knob Fork Run, northeast abutment, east end chiseled square 1052.65 Uniontown, 4.7 miles nortl'oast of; Small Hollow, bridge over northeast stone of abutment, top of, chiseled squasre 1179.27 WEST VIUOINIA. GEOLOGIC A.L SUKVEY 507 Jacksonburg Southeast Along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad via Smith- field to Brown. ‘ ’ Feet. Jacksonhiirg, 1.3 miles sontlieast of; raib’oad bridge No, 236 over Fishing Creek, northwest abutment, northeast end of bridge seat, chiseled s(jnare 765.93 Jaeksonbnrg, 3.5 miles southeast of; railroad bridge No. 260 over Fishing Creek, west abutment, north side, top of, chiseled square 808.13 Jaeksonbnrg, 4.75 miles southeast of; northwest corner of Railroad culvert, chiseled square 811.95 Smithfield, 0.2 mile northwest of; Railroad bridge No. 293 over Fishing Creek, north abutment bridge seat, southeast corner, bronze tablet marked ‘^829 GRAFTON’’ 828.787 Smithfield, at station, railroad crossing, top of rail 836.1 Folsom, 1.6 miles northwest of; railroad bridge No. 307 over Fishing Creek, south abutment, second stone from top, chiseled square • 870.62 Folsom, railroad crossinig between station and post office top of rail 952. Rinehart, 3.6 miles northwest of; 0.2 mile northwest of tunnel station, railroad culvert, southwest corner of chiseled square 1051.61 Rinehart, 0.05 mile southeast of; railroad culvert over Mud Lick Run, northwest corner of, aluminum tablet marked ‘M059 GRAFTON” 1058.895 Rinehart, railroad crossing, 1068.4 Wallace, Short Line railroad bridge No. 382, near, soutli- east abutment, southwest corner, chiseled square 1032.26 Leechburg West Along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to West Union. Feet. Leechburg, 0.5 mile west of; Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge trestle No. 14, on top of retaining wall, 0th stone from bridge, chiseled square 1039.56 Wolf Summit, 3.8 miles west of; trestle No. 15, B. & 0. R. R. on southwest corner of, chiseled square 1053.08 Bristol, 0.2 miles west of; top stone of small culvert, north- west corner of, marked ‘‘B M” 1027.52 Salem, eastmost railroad crossing in, top of rail 1047.0 Salem, Salem Bank, south face, 4 feet east of corner, in water table, aluminum tablet marked ‘A047 GRAF- TON” 1047.366 Industrial, railroad crossing top of rail 1074.7 Long Run, 0.7 mile east of; railroad bridge No. 16, east abutment, southwest corner, chiseled square 877.32 Long Run, railroad crossing at; main track, top of rail 854.5 .Long Run, 675 feet west of station; north side of Baltimore & Ohio railroad, aluminum tablet marked ‘‘853 GRAF- 508 PKECISE LEVELS TON’' 853.286 Slierwood Post Offiee, at railroad crossing’, top of rail 832.0 Morganville, 0.2 mile west of, Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge No. 17, east abutment, northwest corner, chiseled aquare , 812.39 Rmithbnrg, I’aflroad crossing at, top of rail 797.5 Smithbnrg, 0.7 mile west of; Coast and Geodetic Survey l)ench mark ‘‘XXXiri”, on abutment of bridge about 2 miles east of West Union... 800.186 Smithbnrg, 2.1 miles west of ; 60 feet west of junction of road from right, bridge over Rock Run, east abutment, southeast corner, chiseled square 778.79 Smithbnrg, 3 miles v^est of; Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark ‘‘N*^, on Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge near West Union 804.862 West Union, Bank Building, stone between door and window of center, center of; aluminum tablet marked ‘‘836 GRAF- TON” 836.104 West Union Southeast Along Highway to Wallace. Feet. Kenton, 1.1 miles north of; east side of road on bank of Little Flint Run, opposite Junction of West Run, low flat rock, northwest corner, chiseled square 763.97 Kenton, 3.4 miles north of; 0.1 mile west of Eagle Mills post offlce, in bend at side of road, near dwelling, large flat rock, In’onze tablet marked “760 GRAFTON” 759.844 Center Point, 0.1 mile south of; Sha^^p bend to left in road, northeast side of road, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet, tablet, marked “790 GRAFTON” 789.746 Center Point. 3 miles east of; and about 160 feet east of J. T. Shield’s store, north side of road, rock, top of, chiseled square 864.89 Center Point, 6 miles east of; junction of road at right at Summit (on county line,) southwest angle large rock, chisel square 1277.52 Proctor Southeast Along Highways to Halls Mills. Feet. Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge No. 317 over Proctor Creek, in west end of south abutment, bronze tablet marked “632 GRAFTON 1903” ’. 632.114 Marion post office, 0.2 mile east of; opposite Marion Moore’s store building, south of creek, on stone, chiseled square. . . . 881.62 Bebee post office, stone steps leading to Lewis Feias house, bottom step, chiseled square 1259.75 New Martinsville Southwest Along East Side of Ohio River to Sis- tersville, thence Southeast to Middlehourne. ^ Feet. New Martinsville, in county court house, facing Main street, WEST VIllOINIA GEOIiOGICAL SUEVEY 569 near main out ranee, bronze tablet marked ‘‘030 GRAFTON 1903’’ 030.2S2 Lively crossing (lag station, top of rail 030. ISrandota (lag station, top of rail 02(S.l Paden station, in front of, top of rail 030. Stewarts crossing, in front of station; top of rail 033. Slstersville, City Hall and post office building, south side in sill, bronze tablet marked “099 STBNVL” 032.114 Iron bridge over Parsley Creek, at foot of hill, top stone of soutiieast foundation, T. P. circle 730.97 Luzon post office, 0.5 mile southeast of; east side of road, opposite Kellar’s old store building, square on stone.... 1055.41 Luzon post office, 2.5 miles southeast of; northeast abut- ment of iron bridge over Point Pleasant Creek, near where it empties into Middle Island Creek, on top stone, chiseled square 684.56 Middlebourne, northeast corner of Sheriff’s residence, in stone over cellar window, north of front entrance to house, aluminum tablet marked “744 GRAFTON 1903” 745.162 Middlebourne Northeast Along Hilghway to Reader, thence Northwest Along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (Short, Line) to New Martinsville. Feet. Polard post office, 0.5 mile northeast of; on rock north of road near Elk Creek, square on 745.46 Conaway post office, in southeast corner of James W. May- field’s cellar, facing post office, aluminum tablet marked “840 GRAFTON 1903” 841.033 Reader, 2 miles northwest of; southwest abutment of large railway bridge No. 121, over Fishing Creek, chiseled square on 680.73 Flanagan flag station, in front of; top of rail 678. Reader, 3 miles northwest ('f; on southwest abutment of bridge No. 110 over Fishing Creek, chiseled square 676. Porters Falls, 0.6 mile noiHiwest of; on southeast abutment of small bridge, chiseled square 670.64 Minnie flag station, in front of; top of rail 647.2 Minnie flag station; 360 feet west of; on southwest abut- ment of railway bridge No. 74, chiseled square 646.28 Bard, telegraph office, top of rail..’ 641.2 Minnie, 6 miles nm-thwest of; on north end of small railway culvert, over Bank Run, chiseled square 621.24 Galmish Southwest Along Highway to Lima, thence West to Blue. Feet. Galmish, (pump sla(ion), 0.2 mile east of; BaKimore & Ohio railroad bridge No. 159 over Piney Creek, on south end of west abulment, 6lh step from top, chiseled square 687.97 Piney^ diff between forks of creek, near the corner, bronze 570 PRECISE LEVELS tablet marked ‘^790 GRAFTON’’ 790.039 Lima, 0,37 mile west of; north side of road, outcrop of rock bronze tablet marked ‘‘7C9 GRAFTON” 7G9.235 Blue, 0.2 mile east of; dwelline:, stone steps in front of, second from bottom, east end, chiseled square 734,23 Middlebourne Southeast Along Highway to West Union. Feet. Middlebourne, 0.2 mile southwest of; iron bridge over Gar- ren’s Run, east abutment, southwest corner, chiseled sfiuare 681.48 Blue, 0.3 mile southeast of ; iron bridge over Indian Creek at mouth, northwest abutment, south corner, bronze tablet, marked ‘ ‘ 707 GRAFTON ” 707.193 Blue, 1.6 miles southeast of ; McElroy Creek, iron bridge over, northwest abutment, south corner, chiseled square 716.66 Wilbur, 0.15 mile northwest of; 6.5 miles southeast of Blue, east side of road, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet marked d ' 973 GRAFTON ” 974.012 Blue Southeast Along Highway to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Near Toll Gate. Feet. Alma, 3 miles south of; forks of road, southwest angle, corner of store, top of large rock under, chiseled square 717.25 Alma, 6.5 miles southwest of; 0.34 mile south of Bearsville, northeast side of road, nortlnvest side of hollow, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet marked GRAFTON” 839.349 Molehill, Brush Run at nortli bank of; at forks of road, outcrop of rock; bronze tablet, marked ‘‘854 GRAFTON”. 854.575 Molehill, 7.5 miles south of; iron bridge on old northwestern l)ike over north fork of Hughes Rivei’, on northeast bridge seat of 793.93 Molehill, 8.3 miles south of; and 0.4 mile west of Toll Gate, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark “ ” des- cribed as follows: Cut on tlie southeast corner stone of })ier of bridge No. 26, (B. & 0. R. R.), about 10 miles west of West Union, B. M 802.817 Greenwood, 0.4 miles west of; on north side of B. & 0. R. R. near center of rock cut, bronze tablet marked “854 GRAF- TON” ’ 854.635 Tpll Gate West Along Baltimorxa and Ohio Railroad and Highway to Cairo. Feet. Pennsboro, railroad crossing, top of rail 861. Pennsboro, Farmers and Merchants Bank Building, east face, 2.8 feet north of; southwest coiner, 2 feet above pavement, bronze tablet marked “852 GRAFTON” Fllenboro, 4.2 miles east of; about way between tunnels 852.619 WEST VIUaiNIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 571 No. S and 9 on ledi»'o of rook south of track, chiseled square 872.74 Kllenboro, 1.8 miles east of; on south end of east abutment of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridj>-e No. 27, chiseled square. . 807.70 Kllenboro, road crossiiiir at station, top of rail 784. Kllenboro. 150 feet west of station; in east abutment, south end of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bi idge over small stream from north, bronze tablet marked ‘‘780 GRAFTON.... 1903’’ 780.135 B. & 0. Railroad tunnel No. 10, 1 mile east of; on top stone, south end, east abutment of railway bridge No. 28, chis- eled square 760.672 Railway biudge No. 30, on top stone southwest abutment, chiseled square 739.342 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tunnel. No. 11, west end south side of track, on corner of foundation stone, chiseled square 709.21 Cornwallis, in front of station; top of rail 686.7 J. P. Cornwallis, 375 feet west of; on north end of east abutment of railway bridge No. 32, chiseled square 684.57 Cornwallis, 375 feet west of; in bridge seat of bridge No. 32, north end of east abutment, bronze tablet marked “681 GRAFTON 1903 ” 681.438 Cairo, 1 mile east of; IT. R. Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mai'k “XXXYT”, on south end of each abutment of rail- way bridge No. 35, over Bonds Creek 685.954 Cairo, in front (T freight station; top of low rail 680. Cairo, in railwav bridire No. 36. north end of east abutment,, bronze tablet marked “674 GRAFTON 1903” 674.132 Middlebourne Along Highv/ay Southwest to Sugar Valley, thence South to Tunnel No. 11, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad West of Ellenhoro. Feet. Little post ofTice, on top of east })ier south side of large iron bridge over Middle Island Creek, bronze tablet marked “672 GRAFTON 1903” 672.187 Wasp, north of; about V 2 way between Beech church and Wasp school house, on rock, west side of road, chiseled square 722.38 Arvilla post office, on south end east abutment of iron bridge over Middle Island Creek, chiseled square 634.49 Sugar Valley i)ost office, 200 feet west of; on north end of center pier of iron bridge over Sugar Creek, chiseled square 617.146 Union Mills, 2 miles norlh of; 0.4 mile southeast of mouth of McKim Creek, on toj) of north end of east abutment of ij’On bridge over creek, 100 feet north of Charles Little’s 572 PllECISE LEVELS blacksmith shop, bronze tablet marked ‘^C14 GRAFTON 1903’’ 614.877 Crisp post office, 0.4 mile south of; at road intersection fi’om southeast, on rock near creek, east side of road, chiseled square 655.5 Adlai post office, 75 feet south of J. H. Fleming’s house, 135 feet east of road, in rock, bronze tablet marked ‘‘777 GRAFTON 1903 ” 777.320 Pike post office, 300 feet' west of south side of road opposite first telephone pole on north side of road, on stone, chis- eled square 794.35 West Union South Along Highway via Oxford, Grove and Troy to Leading Creek. Feet. West Union, 0.9 mile west of ; B. & 0. R. R. bridge over pike retaining wall of, 5th step from top, chiseled square.... 844.34 West Union, 5.5 miles southwest of; large dwelling left side of road, near, outcrop, of rock, bronze tablet maiked “881 GRAFTON” 881.534 Oxford, 0.25 mile south of; iron bridge over right fork of Hughes River, in south east corner of east pier, bronze tablet marked “814 GRAFTON” 814.678 Grove, in northwest corner of cut stone foundation of resi- dence of C. A. Van Horn, bronze tablet marked “918 GRAFTON” , 917.822 Coning ’s post office, store owned by H. W. Ryner, southeast corner of cut stone foundation, bronze tablet marked “789 GRAFTON” 788.760 Troy, 0.25 mile west of; mouth of Cove Creek, iron bridge over northeast abutment of, bronze tablet marked “758 GRAFTON” :.. 75^.953 Pennshoro South Along P. and H. R. R. and Highways via Goose Neck to Hazel Greene, thence Southeast to Troy. Feet. Goose Neck, at road crossing, top of rail 741.2 Goose Neck 0.1 mile southwest of; at south end of foot bridge over Hugfies River, rock cliff, bronze tablet marked “732 GRAFTON” 732.860 Pullman, 0.2 mile west of: nortlieast angle of crossi’oads, outcrop of rock, bronze tablet marked “843 GRAF- TON” 843.726 Slab post office, 0.3 mile northwest of; left side of road, 100 feet north of small run, outcrop of rock, top of, chiseled square 791.825 H.azel Green, near noilhwest corner of store and post office; in stone foundation, bronze tablet marked “742 GRAF- TON” 743.389 Lawford, stone house owned and occupied by Mr. D. G. Law, WEST VIliGiNiA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 573 in northeast corner of; bronze tablet marked ‘‘820 GRAF- TON” 820.037 Nevvberne, 0.5 mile above, school house by forks of road, in southeast cornei' of foundation of, bronze tablet marked ‘ ‘ 896 GRAFTON ” 897.300 Cox’s Mills, school house, (Ti’oy dist. No. 0), northeast corner of stone foundation, bronze tablet marked “788 GRAFTON” 788.748 Sand Fork West Along Highway via Glenville to DeKalb. Feet. Tmebada post office, northeast side of road at forks to north, on stone, chiseled square 722.78 Iron Bridge over mouth of Stewarts Creek, southeast corner, chiseled square on stone 720.55 Glenville, bridge over Little Kanawha river, in top stone of middle pier on east side of bridge, bronze tablet marked “733 GRAFTON” 732.737 Mouth of Sycamore Creek, on southeast corner of east abut- ment of bridge at, square ' 714.93 Iron bridge across Leading Creek near mouth, northwest corner of west abutment, square 722.50 Bridge across mouth of Sinking Creek, northwest corner of stone abutment, chiseled square 710.45 DeKalb, just back of post office; in southwest corner of residence, on second course of masonry foundation, bronze tablet marked ‘ ‘ 715 GRAFTON ” 714.028 Glenville Southeast Along Highway to Cutlips, thence West to Heater. Feet. Centerville, 4.2 miles south of; northwest abutment of iron bridge over Cedar Creek, square cut on 739.29 Cedarville, 5.3 miles northwest of; on stone at ford over Cedar Creek, chiseled square 745.09 Cedaiwille, at front of residence now owned and occupied by W. II. Jack, on west side of cut stone steps, in big stone, aluminum tablet marked “802 GRAFTON” 801.927 Cedarville, 6 miles southeast of ; near house, to left of road, on big stone, chiseled s({uare 821.90 Hope, about 2.5 miles east of; at forks of road leading up Tom’s Run, near hickory tree, on big i-ock, chisel mark. . . . 832.79 Cutlip, in southwest corner of cut stone foundation of church, aluminum tablet marked “851 GRAFTON” 851.084 Mouth of Tom’s Run Along Highway West via Hope to Stumptown, thence North via Normantown to DeKalb. Feet. Hope, post office, on the stone foundation of old log stable chiseled square 988.30 German, house occupied by John Seal and owned by C. F. 574 PRECISE LEVELS Gorwig, in southwest corner of stone foundation, aluminum tablet marked ‘GSGl GRAFTON” 8C0.744 German, 6.2 miles north of; at forks of road, school house, on stone foundation at southwest cornei*, chiseled square. . 867.16 Perkins, to right of roa,d at forks, in large stone, chis- eled square 770.56 Perkins, 3.3 miles west of; in southwest corner of stone foundation of school house, at forks of road, aluminum tablet marked ^‘741 GRAFTON” 741.015 Stumptown, 0.5 mile east of; at forks of road iron bridge over left fork of Steer Creek, in southeast corner of east pier, bronze tablet marked ^'714 GRAFTON” 713.685 Normantown, at forks of road up Steer Creek, on stone, chiseled square 736.18 Letter Gap, south angle of crossroads ,at north corner of dwelling now owned and occupied by A. S. W estf all, in top foundation, stone, northwest face, aluminum tablet marked ‘CS27 GRAFTON” 826.782 HANCOCK AND BROOKE COUNTIES. Wellsville and Steubenville Quad^'angles. The elevations in the following list are based upon an alumi- num tablet at the southeast corner of the Jefferson County Court House at Steubenville, Ohio, marked “716 STEUBEN- VILLE.” The elevation of this is accepted as 714.729 feet above mean sea level and was determined from the Army Engineers bench mark “67 A” on the water table of the same building, the elevation of which in accord with the Coast and Geodetic Survey adjustment of 1903 of precise leveling is 710.306 feet. The initial points upon which this leveling depends include other bench marks of the Army Engineers precise level line along the Ohio River the elevations accepted for which accord with said adjustment. The leveling on the Wellsville quadrangle was done in 1902 under the direction of Mr. Van H. Manning, topographer, by Mr. A. T. Bagley, levelman. The leveling on the Steubenville (iuadrangle was done in 1902 under the direction of Mr. C. F. Cooke, topographer, by Mr. J. E. Buford, levelman. All permanent bench marks dependent on this datum arc marked with the letters “STEUBENVILLE” or “STBNVL” m addition to the figures of elevation. WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUliVEY 575 East Liverpool, 0., via Fairview, W. Va., to New Cumberland, W. Va. Feet. Cliester, 1 mile south of; 0.25 mile east of Locust Grove Cemeteryj Allison trianji-ulatioii point, bronze tablet in top of marble post marked ^^1337 STLNVL” 1337.156 Fairview, on the nortli side of Tri State Normal School, at base of stofie frame to front door of; aluminum tablet marked ‘^1196 STP>NVL” 1195.636 New Cumberland, (U. S. A. Engineer Corps bench mark ‘^56 A”), D. S. Scliiller Foundry Co’s Works, southwest corner of. Front and Ferry streets, in west end of door step, chiseled square 670.66 Cross Creek Bridge Northeast to Colliers, thence West to Hollidays Cove. Feet. Cross Ci'eek, 3rd bridge over, opposite W abash conci-ete bridge, southeast corner of, in stone abutment, chiseled cross 672.400 Colliers station, at northwest corner of bridge, in stone abutment of, aluminum tablet marked ‘CS24 STBNVL”. . 823.597 Hollidays Cove, 0.5 mile east of; bridge marked ^‘39” Pan- handle Railroad, in southeast corner, in coping stone, chis- eled cross 741.90 Hollidays Cove Station North to New Cumberland. Feet. Zalia, 100 feet south of church, on each side of road, opposite lower end of Toronto street ferry, in big bonldei-, bronze tablet marked 'W04 STP>NVL”.^. ' 703.720 New Cumberland East to Carsons Oil Wells, thence Southwest to Hollidays Cove. Feet. New Cumberland, 3.25 miles east of; at northeast corner of bridge, “T” cut in stone 735.14 Comettsburg, southwest corner of Freshwater’s house, bronze tablet marked ‘‘1150 STBNVL” 1149.920 School House on Cross Creek via Independence, Pa., to Wellsburg, W. Va. Feet. Colliersville, 5 miles south of ; covered bridge, in southwest corner of abutment, cross cut in stone 754.58 rnde[)endence. Pa., 2.5 miles northwest of; bridge over ci-eek, in southeast corner, of, aluminum tablet marked “784 STBNVL” 784.024 Wellsburg, W. Va., 1 mile east of; stone horse block in front of Jacob’s house, aluminum tablet marked “1001 STBNVL.” 1000.935 576 PBECISE LEVELS BROOKE, OHIO, MARSHALL, PLEASANTS, WOOD, WIRT AND JACKSON COUNTIES. Wheeling, Cameron, Waverly, Guyandotte, Parkershurg, Milton and Belleville Quadrangles. The elevations in the following list are based upon Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark at Grafton, W. Va., a chiseled square on the top of the north side of the central pier of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bride:e over Tygarts Valley creek. The elevation of this as determined by the bureau by the adjustment of 1903 precise leveling is 996.856 feet above mean sea level. The initial points upon which these levels depend are various bench marks of the Army Engineers (Ohio River Survey) and Coast and Geodetic Survey (transcontinental) precise level lines of the precise level net. The leveling on the Wheeling quadrangle was done in 1901 under the direction of Mr. W. C. Hall, topographer, by Mr. W. A, Freret, Jr., levelman; that on the Cameron quadrangle was done in 1902 under the direction of Mr. W. N. Brown, topog- rapher, by Mr. Geo. L. Gordon, levelman ; that on the Marietta and Parkersburg quadrangles was done in 1902 ; and thaf on the Guyandotte quadrangle in 1901 under the direction of Mr. W. N. Morrill, topographer, by Mr. J. W. Hodges, levelman ; and that on the Milton quadrangle was done in 1901 under the direction of Mr. W. N. Brown, topographer, by Mr. J. W. Hodges, level- man ; and that on the Belleville quadrangle was done in 1903 un- , der the direction of Mr. W. N. Morrill, topographer, by Mr. John W. Hodges, levelman. All permanent bench marks dependent on this datum are marked with the letters “GRAFTON” in addition to the figures of elevation. The bench marks on the Guyandotte and Milton quadrangles were stamped to read about 2 feet too high, due in part to error in the initial line. Wheeling Along National Pike via Elm Grove to Triadelphia. Feet. Wheeling, City Building north front of; 37 feel east of WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 577 northwest corner of, (U. S. Engineer Corps bench mark,) No. 90 “A”, chiseled square 07(S. 250 Wheeling, 1.1 miles east of post ollice. Baker street bridge on Wheeling Creek, soiilheaat end of bi'idge, on soiithAvest corner of coi)ing stone, chisel niailv 651.23 Elm Grove, 1 mile southeast of; bridge over Little Wheeling Creek, near its junction with big Wheeling Creek, on top of west coping wall, in third stone from center, cut 694.75 Triadelphia, M. E. Church, brick building, southwest corner of, in foundation stone, south face, aluminum tablet marked ‘W43 GRAFTON” 744.570 Triadelphia Along Middle "Wheeling Creek via Twilight to Valley Grove. Feet. Twilight, 1.1 miles northwest of; northeast abutmeiif of bridge over Wagners Run, northeast corner of stone, chisel mark 802.03 Twilight, 3.1 miles northeast of; near junction of Haneytown pike and Middle Creek road; bridge over Little Wheeling Creek, northeast wing retaining wall of, corner of fourth stone from top, chisel mark 949.79 Valley Grove, Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge No. 174, Pittsburg Division) north face of south pile, bronze tablet marked ‘ ^ 953 GRAFTON ” 952.648 Valley Grove Along National Pike and McGraw’s Run to Bethany. Feet. Bethany, 5.1 miles south of; 6.5 miles north of Valley Grove, southeast abutment wall of wooden 1) ridge over Long Run, on southeast corner of third stone from toj), chisel mark. . 1020.87 Bethany, 2 miles south of; northeast corner of M. E. Church, southeast front step, in top stone, chisel mark 954.32 Bethany, 0.3 miles west of; Bethany College, front face of building, first enti'ace west of main entrance, north side of entrance, east face stone, water table, aluminum tablet marked ^‘932 GRAFTON 1901” 931.774 Bethany Along Pike to Short Creek. Feet. Bethany, 2.6 miles west of; west end of bildge over Buffalo ' Creek, noiih wing wall, on northeast corner of; top stone, chisel mark 743.82 Shortcreek, brick store and i)ost office, west face of, 25 feet from southwest coi'iier and tAvo feet above ground, aluminum tablet marked “6()8 GRAFTON 1901” 667.963 Shortcreek, 0.1 mile south of; Avest side of railroad track, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis railroad bridge No. 12, over Shortcreek (Division Line between Brooke and Ohio counties, W. Va.), south abutment of. 578 PKECISE LEVELS. eliiseled square on top of marked M”, TJ. S. Engineers bench mark No. 81 A C52.724 Moundsville Easi Along Public Eoads via Limestone and Benia Sta- tion to Rocklick. Feet. Moundsville, (U. S. Engineer’s be”, i'l mark 101 B) Marshall county courthouse; in front e-t building, 17.2 feet east of center of doorway, on top of water table of foundation of 690.510 Limestone, dwelling of R. 11. Peters, (only brick building in Limestone X; front of foundation, top stone, 2.7 feet northwest of center of door, bronze tablet marked ‘‘1377 GRAFTON” 1376.762 Pleasant Valley, 0.4 mile southeast of; brick dwellinig, (J. W. Cunninigham ’s), stone at front gate, top of, chiseled square 1317.03 Beeler Station, first step above stone platform, northeast corner, chiseled square 1356.52 Rocklick South Along Public Roads and Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road via Cameron and Woodruff to Bellton. Feet. Rocklick, 0.3 mile south of; south side of south east corner of schooliioiise, second stone, aluminum tablet marked ‘‘1464 GRAFTON” 1463.755 Cameron, l.S miles northeast of; M. E. Church at northeast angle of crossroads, at south end of i-etaining wall, top of, chiseled square 1074.74 Cameron, wmst end of brick public school building, water table 0.9 foot north of southwest corner, bronze tablet marked “1170 GRAFTON” 1169.808 Woodruff, 0.7 mile northwest of; west end of stone culvert, center of top of, chiseled square 1015.82 Bellton, 0.1 mile north of; railroad bridge No. 136, north abutment, southeast corner, 2.7 feet above bridge seat, bronze tablet marked “888 GRAFTON” 887.505 Bellton West Along Public Roads via Adaline to Lynn Camp. Feet. Kausooth post office, 2.4 miles west of; bridge over Big Run, top of west abutment, 12.5 feet right of center of bridge, chiseled square 768.32 Lynn Camp North Along Public Roads and Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road via Meilghen and Rosbysrock to Moundsville. Feet. Meiglien, at schoolhouse No. 5, east side, 8 feet from south- east corner, top stone of foundation, bronze tablet marked “691 GRAFTON” Rosbysrock, at Big Grave Creek; iron bridge over, northeast 690.564 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 579 abntiiuMit, I ‘2 I'oet southeast of center of bridj^'e, 1 foot l)elo\v bridjie seat, bronze tablet marked ‘^770 GRAF- TON’’ 778.214 Rosbysj*oek, 4 miles northwest of; railroad bridge No. 146 over Big (ira\e (beek, south al>utmeut, top of northwest corner, chiseled scpiare 080.03 Moundsville, Marshall County Coint House; south front of, 17.2 feet east of center of doorway, bronze tablet marked ‘ ^ 090 GRAFTON ” ‘. 089.284 Lone Oak School House North Along Public Roads to Hazeldell School House. (Single spur line.) Feet. Hazeldell or Irish Ridge School House, center of southwest corner stone, bronze tablet marked ‘M322 GRAFTON”.. 1321.513 Parkersburg East Along Highway via Tallyho to Deerv^alk, thence Northerly via Borland to WilloAV. Feet. Parkersburg, (U. S. Engineers bench mark No. 183 A) corner of 5th and Julian streets; at southeast corner of U. S. Cus- tom House, on top, of foundation water table, chiseled square _ 615.806 Parkersburg post office building; on south side of, near west end, in water table, bronze tablet marked ^Hil6 GRAF- TON 1902’’ 615.639 Parkersburg, 3.2 miles east of; on iouth side of pike on south foundation of small bridge, chiseled square 602.43 Tallyho, 1.5 miles southeast of; opposite Shiloh United Brethren Chui’ch, at forks of road, in large boulder, aluminum tablet marked ”714 GRAETON 1902” 713.560 Borland post office, 100 feet east of; on south side of Bull Creek, bronze tablet marked ”683 GRAFTON 1902”. 682.728 Willow West Along South tSide of Ohio River to Williamstown and Across to Marietta. Feet. Willow Island, station, in northeast corner of foundation wall of Jos. I. Norris dwelling, aluminum tablet marked ”615 GRAFTON 1901” 615.448 Compton, in front of station, top of rail 615. Williamstown, South Along East Side of Ohio River to Parkersburg. Feet. Williamstown, in front of station; toj) of i-ail 610. Polick, in front of station; top of rail 616. Kellar, in front of station; top of rail 613. Briscoe station, o})posite public highway to post otRce, in face of rock ledge facing Ohio River, bronze tablet marked ”594, GRAFTON 1902” 593.662 680 PRECISE LEVELS. Parkersburg Along Highway South via Newport to Rockport. and Mineral Wells Feet. Mineral Wells, 1.2 miles sor.thv/est of; in face of abutment of 'small iron bridge over Bailey’s Creek, northwest end, aluminum tablet marked ‘^593 GI' FTON 1903” 593.409 Fountain Springs, north abutment of ron bri.’gj over Tygarts Creek, top of, chiseled square 622.34 Saulsbury, 1.2 miles south of; east of road, on northeast end of Valley Belle Schoolhouse, on top of corner stone, chiseled square 653.76 Rockport, opposite schoolhouse No. 2, at forks of road, on top of lai’ge rock, aluminum tablet marked ^^700 GRAF- TON 1903” 700.497 Rockport Along Highv/ay V/est to Belleville. Feet. Sloan, 0.2 mile west of; on rock north of road, chiseled square 726.89 Oak post office, 0.8 mile west of ; on stone of small culvert on north side of road, chiseled square 619.74' Belleville, 0.8 mile south of; 0.2 mile south of road crossing, in small ravine east of track, on top of rock, aluminum tablet marked ‘ ^ 595 GRAFTON 1903 ” 595.172 Pond Creek, (Army Engineer’s bench mark ^‘204 A”) 1200 feet north of; capstone of culvert, northwest corner.... 599.227 At New England. (Set from Army Engineers B. M. “195 A’\) Feet. New England, Ohio River railway station, 0.5 mile west of; on west abutment of culvert of Ohio River railway, 1200 feet above Mushapha Island, over Beadle’s Run, 7. feet north of south end of culvert, 23 feet west of center of railway, and .008 foot higher than adjoining Army Engineer’s B. M., aluminum tablet marked ‘‘591 GRAF- TON 1903” 590.712 Rockport Along Highway South to V/iseburg, thence West via Cuba to Sherman. Feet. Rockport, 1 mile south of; on southwest abutment of small bridge over Tygarts Creek, chiseled square 761.58 Wiseburg, 240 feet north of post office, north side of road, on top of rock, aluminum tablet marked “663 GRAFTON 1903” 662.901 Medina post office, 0.7 mile west of; 100 feet west of dwelling, north of road, near small bridge, on rock, chiseled square 676.27 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY 581 Kenova East via Huntington and Hurricane to Youngs Store. Feet. Kenova, Union st alien ; west side of door sill of main waiting room, alnininiim tablet marked ‘‘5G7 K’’ 566.918 Kellogg, 1.3 miles east of; south of trac’k on small culvert, chiseled square 564.59 Central Station; in front of; top of soiitli rail of south track . . . . 549. Huntington, in front of station; top of i-ail of south track 565. Huntington, southeast corner of 10th street and 2nd Avenue, between Chesapeake and Ohio and Ohio River railroads, brick building occupied in 1(S99 b}^ Sehon Blake and Stevenson Wholesale Grocery Company, west face of stone foundation, 18.8 feet south of west corner and 1.5 feet below floor, (U. S. Engineers’ B. M. No. 307 A) 547.463 Huntington Court House, corner of Fourth and Eighth streets, north corner of east entrance to court house, alumi- num tablet marked ‘U564 GRAFTON” 563.833 Wilson station, 3.1 miles east of; in southeast abutment of railway bridge over Mud river, bronze (ablet marked ‘^572 GRAFTON’’ 569.606 Ona, in W. T. Sanford’s dwelling, on north east corner of foundation, third stone from ground, bronze tablet marked ''634 GRAFTON” 631.957 Milton, corner of Railroad and Pike streets, in foundation stone of J. S. Kane’s vacant store building, southeast corner of street, bronze tablet marked "585 GRAFTON”. 583.226 Walton switch, opposite top of rail 623. Hurricane, 0.1 mile west of station; opposite small high- way bridge, on north of track, on top stone of culvert, bronze tablet marked "667 GRAFTON” 666.688 Young’s store, first house south on south side of road, owned by John Hodges, in east chimney 1 foot from ground, cop- per bolt marked "737 G” ' 737.294 Ceredo South Along Norfolk and Western Railway to Wayne. Feet. Buffalo station, southwest abutment of bridge over Buffalo Creek, 7 feet from track, aluminum tablet marked "565 GRAFTON” 562.455 Buffalo, in front of station; top of rail 563. Shoals station, road crossing, top of rail 572. Lavalette, in front of station; top of west rail 565. Dickson station, op])osite mail ci’ane, to]) of rail 581. Ardell, at station; opposite mail crane, top of rail 588. Ardell (Herbert Post Office) West Along Road to Lockwood, Ky. Feet. Ardell, (Heuhert post office), across Twelvepole Creek; opposite IVL. E. Parsonage, on west side of public highway, 582 PE.ECISE LEVELS. in largo boulder, bronze tablet marked ^‘591 GRAFTON”. 588.585 Shoals Northeast to Hodges. Feet. Hodges, 125 feet north of road ; opposite John Hodges dwell- ing, on east of road leading to Huntington, on small bonlder, aluminum tablet marked ^‘710 GRAFTON” 708.184 Herbert East Along Road to Sarah, thence North to Wilson Station. Feet. Herbert, 7.5 miles northeast of; up Bottom Branch, 0.5 mile above fork of road leading down Millers’ Branch on south of road in boulder, bronze tablet marked ‘‘623 GRAFTON” 620.775 Poppa, west of road nearly opposite post office; on top of large boulder, aluminum tablet marked “612 GRAF- TON” 609.584 Martha post office, northeast abutment of highway bridge over Guvandotte River, in top stone, bronze tablet marked “563 GtRAFTON” 561.190 Wilson station, 3.1_ miles east of ; on southeast abutment of Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad bridge over Mud River, bronze tablet marked “572 GRAFTON” 569.606 Ona South via Fudges Creek and Cabell Creek to Guyandotte River at Roach. (Single spur line.) Feet. Fudges Creek (post office), 5 miles south of Ona; stone chimney of. 2 stones above grade, bronze tablet marked “736 GRAFTON” 733.360 Hurricane South to Nye, thence West via Hamlin to Sarah. Nye, county bridge over Trace Fork of Mud River; in top stone of northwest pier of; bronze tablet marked “625 GRAFTON” .' 623.468 Hamlin, in northeast end of abutment wall of bridge over Mud River, third stone from top, bronze tablet marked “645 GRAFTON” 642.516 Salt Rock, in retaining wall of highway bridge over Guyan- dotte River; northeast end, third stone from top, bronze tablet marked “586 GRAFTON” 586.536 MARION, TAYLOR, HARRISON BARBOUR, UPSHUR, DOD- DRIDGE, GILMER, BRAXTON, LEWIS AND NICHOLAS COUNTIES. Fairmont, Philippi, Weston, Clarksburg, Vndis, Burnsville and Flatwoods Quadrangles. Tlio various initial points upon which those levels depend are bench marks, of the precise level net, established by the Coast WEST VIllGINlA GEOLOGIOAL SUKVEY 583 and Geodotic Sui-V(\y and the Geological Survey, the elevations accepted for viiich being also in accord with the 1903 adjusts nient. The leveling on the Fairmont and Philippi quadrangles was done in 1901 under the direction of Mr. W. C. Hall, topographer, by IMr. Geo. L. Gordon, levelman ; that on the Clarksburg and Weston quadrangles was done in 1901 under the direction of Mr. W. N. Morrill, topographer, by Mr. J. H. Hodges, levelman; and that on the Vadis, Burnsville and Flatwoods quadrangles in 1902 under the direction of Mr. A. M. Walker, topographer, by Mr. Geo. L. Gordon, levelman. All permanent bench marks depending on this datum are marked with the letters ‘‘GRAFTON” in addition to the figures of elevation. Fairmont, via Farmington, Monongah, Eootbsville and Headland, . ,,, I . to Bridgeport Fairmont, 0.32 mile east of; suspension bridge over Monon- galiela River, north end of, northwest corner of east revetment wall, chiseled square on stone 902.51 Fairmont, 2.4 miles west of; wooden bridge over Ice’s Run, west wall of, on northeast corner of top stone, chiseled square 9SG.18 Fairmont, 3.9 miles west of; iron bridge over Buffalo Creek, north abutment wall of, 2 feet east of southwest corner of, chiseled square 918.03 Katy, 1.5 miles west of; George’s Creek Coal and Iron Com- pany’s Shaft Building, southeast corner of retaining wall, on top stone, chiseled square 956. G1 Farmington, George’s Creek Coal and Iron Corhpany’s store, northeast corner of, front face of water table, bronze tablet marked ‘‘952 GRAFTON 1901” 951.710 Faimington, 5.6 miles south of; iron bridge over Monon- gahela River, northwest pier, southeast c^omer of top stone, chiseled square 892.13 Monongah, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Plate Girder Bridge over Booths Creek, west face of north pier, 2 feet from southwest corner, in seventh stone from top, bronze tablet marked “874 GRAFTON” 873.916 Eldora, 1.5 miles south of; on road from right, iron bridge over Booths Creek, north abutment wall, 0.7 foot from southwest corner, in top stone, chiseled square 953.38 Boothsville, covered bridge over Hustead’s Fork, west face of north abupnent, 3,5i feet from southwest corner and 584 PRECISE LEVELS. 4.5 feet from top, bronze tablet marked ^‘954 GRAF- TON” 954.130 Bootlisville, 3.1 miles south of ; wooden bridg-e over Hnsteads Fork, in south corner of northeast abutment, chiseled square 1017.67 Bootlisville, 7.1 miles south of; 50 feet east of crossroads, bridge over Hnsteads Fork, west abutment, northeast corner, chiseled square 1310.16 Meadland, brick house oivned by L. J. Stark, front or east face of, foundation 1 foot from northeast corner of, bronze tablet marked ^‘1319 GRAFTON” 1318.530 Bridgeport, railroad bridge No. 6 over Simpson’s Creek, west abutment of, south end, third stone from top and second above bridge seat, center of east face of, bronze tablet marked ‘'979 GRAFTON” 978.773 Grafton via Webster, Simpson, Flemington, Rosemont, Oral and Bridgeport to Clarksburg. Feet. Grafton, Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge over Tygarts Valley Creek: on top of north side of central pier (U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark), chiseled square. . 996.856 Webster, Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge No. 2 over Bartlett’s Creek, south abutment wall of, third stone from top, northeast face of, 1.15 feet from east corner, bronze tablet marked “1014 GRAFTON” 1013.770 Webster, (5.5 miles west of Grafton;) trestle No. 2 ^/ 2 , on corner stone, chisel mark (Coast Survey bench mark No. XXXI,) 1082.623 Rosemont, road crossing near station; ground 1003. (Line continued along turnpike to avoid tunnel.) Clarksburg, post office, corner Pike and Third streets; north- west corner. 2 feet above gi'ound, aluminum tablet marked “1006 GRAFTON” ‘. 1007.699 Monongahela Junction to Monongah. , Feet. Glen Falls, in front of station; top of rail 932.0 Meadowbrook, ir(>n raihvay bridge, northwest corner of abut- ment marked “ B M ” . . . . 922.97 Gypsy, in front of station ; top of rail 915.0 Shinnston, west branch of Monongahela river, highway brids’e over, southwest corner of retaining wall, bronze tablet marked “909 GRAFTON 1901”.. 910.461 Worthington, in front of station; top of rail 896.0 Worthington, southwest abutment of highway bridge, south end of, on top seat, bronze tablet marked “898 GRAFTON 1901” 899.236 Highland, in front of station; top of rail 892.0 Monongah, west branch of Monongahela river, highway WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 585 bridii'C over, on top of southeast abutment of, chiseled square Enterprise, Up Bingamon Creek West and South via Wyatt, Margaret (Henpeck) and Brown to Lynchburg. Feet. Enterprise, 5.4 miles west of; highway covered bridge over Bingamon Creek, on southeast corner of retaining wall, chiseled s({nare 947.36 Margaret, Quaker Fork of Bingamon Creek, covered highway bridge over, in northwest corner of, bronze tablet marked ‘‘1032 GRAFTON 1901’’ 1032.220 Irving, at road crossing near station; (Short line railway) top of rail 1016. Browns, 0,2 mile west of ; Short Line Railroad bridge over Little Ten-Mile Creek (Trestle 404), southwest abutment of, in top of capstone, bronze tablet marked “999 GRAF- TON 1901” 999.183 Clarksburg, West via Adamston, Wilsonburg, Wolf Summit to L3mchburg. Feet. Adamston, (Baltimore & Ohio Railroad) 0.05 mile west of; northeast coiner of trestle No. 9, top stone of, chiseled square 960.68 Wilsonburg, in front of station; top of rail 984.0 Wilsonburg, 0.5 mile west of; on small culvert south of track, chiseled square 997,66 Reynoldsville, at I'oad crossing near station 1101.0 Wolf Summit, Wm. M. Dolan’s store, southeast corner of, in end of stone curbing, bronze tablet marked “1133 GRAF- TON 1901” 1134.512 Bridgeport via Eerryburg, Switzer and Pleasant Creek to Webster. Feet. Berryburg, Southern Coal and Transportation Company Tipple, retaining wall of, west of tiiqde and in front of power house, fourth stone from top, bronze tablet marked “1390 GRAFTON” 1389.50 Switzer, 1.1 miles northeast of; east side of })ike, residence of B. H. Woodford, stone gate step, on southeast corner, chiseled square '. 1447.69 Pleasant Creek, brick residence of A. I. Cole, west corner of stone foundation, fifth stone from top and fourth from ground, 1.45 feet from corner, bronze tablet marked “1170 GRAFTON” 1170.044 Switzer via Philippi to Pecksrun. Feet. Switzer, 4 miles south of; covered bridge over Tygarts Val- ley River, east abutment wall, northwest corner of top stone, chiseled square 1308.01 586 PREOISE LEVELS. (Line continues along Main street.) Philippi, brick school h.ouse, north side of front entrance to, center north face of foundation stone, bronze tablet marked ‘‘1311 GRAFTON” 1310.685 Philippi, 10.4 miles south of; (Ruckhannon or Tyg-arts Junc- tion) Tyg-arts Valley River, Plate Girder Bridge No. 1 over, west abutment of, north side of, first stone above bridgfe bed, in center of east face, bronze tablet marked “1334 GRAFTON” 1333.540 Volga, 3.2 miles west of Malta, Baltimore & Ohio railroad bridge over Wash Run, north abutment of, east face of, in center of third stone from top, bronze tablet marked “1404 GRAFTON” 1403.859 Volga, 2.5 miles west of; bridge over Pecksrun, north abut- ment of, west side, northwest corner of, second stone from top, chiseled square 1405.46 Pecksrun, post office, (or Hodgeville) bridge over Pecks- run, south abutment, northwest corner of, on west side of, second stone from corner, chiseled square 1419.27 Pecksrun via Peel Tree and Overfield, to Pepper. Feet. Peel Tree, residence of Dr. Isaac Smitli ; retaining wall in front of, at opening for steps, west face of south wall, third stone above thii-d step from sideAvalk, in center of. bronze tablet marked “1069 GRAFTON” 1068.789 Peel Tree, 2.9 miles noilh of; Dever Pickens’ dwelling, stone stile in front of, third step from bottom, chiseled square 1093.66 Peel Tree, 4.4 miles north of; iron bridge OA^er Elk Creek, noiJh abutment, southeast corner of, chiseled square.... 1023.10 Overfield, 3.1 miles northeast of; Cletns Stout’s dwelling, east side of stone stile in front of, on north end of bottom step, chiseled square 1103.11 Pecksrun to Buckhannon. Feet. Buckhannon, Unshur county court house, front entrance, Avest side of, l.ase of block of souare column, in center of west face, aluminum tablet marked “1433 GRAFTON”.. 1432.881 Buckhannon to Riualdale. Ruraldale, 0.6 mile Acest of; near fork of road by old mill, 200 feet east of residence of V. PI. Regar, in face of large rock, bronze tablet majkofl “1121 GRAFTON 1901”.... Feet. 1122.118 Ruraldale via Jolm3tov>Ti, Quiet Dell, etc. to West Milford. Feet. Johnstown, 0.1 mile west of; ledge ('f rock north of roa’e chestnut tree, marked ‘M508” 1508.23 Gilboa, 2.5 miles east of; on north side of road, opposite mill and road rnnning south; nail in root of small white- oak tree, marked “1496” 1496.24 Enon post office, 1 mile east of ; at crossin;^: of Pine Run and northwest angle of road to Mnddlety Creek; nail in root of sycan¥)re tree, marked “1525” 1525.05 SummersviUe; court house front; at east side of door in base of pilaster, alimiinum tablet marked “1894 KNWA”. . 1893.808 Zela, via Keslers Crosslanes and Oarnifas Ferry, to Mount Lookout. Feet. Zela, 3.3 miles souUi of; top of mountain, head of Whitewater Creek, north side of road ; nail in root of white-oak tree . marked “1662” 1661.80 Keslers Crosslanes, at store and crossroads 600 feet south of; 100 feet south of S. P. Cam.pbell’s house, on west side of road in ledge of rock; brass plug, marked “1567 KNWA” 1567.409 Keslers Crosslanes, 1 mile south of; road running east and west ; at northeast angle, nail in root of white-oak tree bearing sign “To SummersviUe, 8 miles,” marked ' ^ 1553 ” 1552.53 Keslers Crosslanes, 2 miles south of; on east side of road, opposite settlement road; nail in root of black-ash tree, marked “1081” 1680.900 Carnifax Ferry; south side of Gauley River, east side mouth of Meadow River, west side of remd to Mount Ijookout; nail in root of small white-birch tree, marked “1190”. .. . 1189.77 Carnifax I'en-y, 1.2 miles south of and 200 feet north of big cliff, on east side of road; nail in root of white-oak tree, marked “1503” 1503.17 Carnifax Ferry, 2.2 miles south of; on east side of road, opposite house; nail in root of beech tree at gate, marked ''1866” 1866.32 Mount Lookout, at east side of road to Pool and north side of road to SummersviUe; spike in stump of large oak tree, marked “1964” 1964.16 Mount Lookout, 1.1 miles southeast of; angle to road running southwest; nail in ro(d of poplar tree, marked “2038”." 2037.12 Mount Lookout, via Pool, to Fowlers Knob. Feet. Mount Lookout, 1.6 miles south of; schooUiouse 250 feet 592 PEECISE LEVELS. south of; on east side of road; small ledge of rock; alumi- num plug in, marked ‘‘2069 KNWA^’ 2069.402 Mount Lookout, 2.8 miles southeast of; road runninig south; stone at northwest corner, marked “2101’’ on stump.... 2100.458 Pool, 0.1 mile north of; on east side of road; nail in ches- nut marked “2145” 2145.40 Pool, 2.6 miles north of; road south to Russellville, at top of hill; nail in wood plug at base of signboard 2394.24 Fowlers Knob, 400 feet south of; on east side of road, just north of small branch ; aluminum plug in large ledge of rock, marked “2195 KNWA” 2195.382 Fowlers Knob, 1 mile south of; opposite small house 0.2 mile north of Homing Falls road ; nail in root of stump on east side of road, marked “2338” 2338.29 Fowlers Knob, via Anglins Creek Bridge and Millers Ferry, to Russellville. Feet. Fowlers Knob, 2.5 miles south of; road running south, at southeast angle; nail in chestnut, marked “2215” 2215.217 Fowlers Knob, 3.1 miles south of ; road running west, at store at southwest angle; stone, marked “2208” 2207.78 Fowlers Knob, 4 miles south of ; 3 miles north of Anglins Creek bridge, opposite milldam on west side of road; nail in locust, marked “1923” 1922.94 Fowlers Knob, 5.2 miles south of; about 1 mile north of Mil- lers Ferry, top of mountain on east side of road; chestnut, marked “2307” 2306.86 Millers Ferry over Meadow River, 0.1 mile north of; on east side of river on west side of road ; aluminum plug in ledge of rock, marked “1905 KNWA” 1904.943 Russellville, Over Mountain, to Riverside. Feet. Russellville, 90 feet north of ; on east side of road, west side of river; aluminum tablet in ledge of rock, marked “1900 KNWA” 1900.123 Russellville, 3.7 miles south of; on east side of road between log house and frame house ; nail in root of chestnut, marked “2721” 2721.26 Russellville, 4.7 miles south of and 60 feet north of church; south side of road running south to Clitftop; nail in maple, marked “2782” 278L81 Russellville, 6.7 miles south of; top of mountain 300 feet north of school house; nail in tree on east side of road marked “2982” 2982.09 Riverside at Meadow River, 150 feet norl Invest of; ford 800 feet east of; on west side of road, between house and barn, WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGIO-AL SURVEY 593 one of several ledges of rock; iilumiimm plug in, inarkc';! ‘‘2324 KNWA” 2324.014 Riverside, 2 miles cast of; at fork of road, running north- west; nail in locust bearing sign “to Riverside 2 miles,’’ “to Russellville 12,” “to Cliffto}) 11,” “to Burdott’s Mills 2y2,” marked “2723” on sign board 2723.19 Riverside, Road near Burdett’s Schoolhonse, via Bear Garden Ridge, on Trail and Old Road to Snowhill. Feet. Riverside, 3.8 miles east of; Burdett’s sclioolhouse, 1.4 miles east of; gap in ridge east of Bear Garden Knob; nail in chestnut marked “3046” 3045.59 Riverside, 5.3 miles east of; Burdett’s sclioolhouse, 2.9 miles northeast of, on Collison Ridge, 1.2 miles east of Pittsen- berger’s house, white linden tree, marked “3154”.... 3153.87 Nicholas road, 1.4 miles southwest of; at southwest corner old road and trail on Collison Ridge; large red oak tree marked “3318” 3318.35 Nicholas road, 0.6 mile southwest of; on south side old road on top of small knob; maple tree, marked “3405”. . 3405.54 Snow Hill, 8.8 miles southeast of; at northwest intersection Nicholas road and road to Nuttersville ; 500 feet north of Grig M. Clung ’s house; copper plate in large sandstone rock, marked “3392 KNWA” 3391.855 Snow Hill, 6.9 miles southeast of; on west side of road; 1.1 miles north of trail running east to Beech Knob; maple tree, marked “3243” 3243.58 Snow Hill, 6.5 miles southeast of; Gi-eenbrier and Nicholas county line; corner stone top of; marked in red chalk “3129” 3129.00 Snow Hill, 5.5 miles southeast of; Homing Falls road, 0.9 mile southeast of; on west side of road; chestnut tree, marked “3023” 3023.43 Snow Hill, 4.4 miles southeast of; road running east to Hom- ing Falls, at southeast angle of; white oak tree, marked “2806” 2805.93 Snow Hill, 3.4 miles southeast of; road to Homing Falls 1 mile northwest; 700 feet northwest of house on east side of road; chestnut tree marked “2899” 2899.04 Snow Hill, 2.6 miles southeast of; oi)i)osite road running east; small chestnut tree, marked “2854” 2853.78 Snow Hill, 2 miles southeast of, at forks of road running west; chestnut tree bearing sign “to Russellville, 12 miles,” “to Ruperts, 16 miles;” mai-ked “2940” 2940.44 Snow Hill on Nicholas Road to Fork of Road 1 Mile Southeast of Fowlers Knob. Feet. Snow Hill post-office, 200 feet southwest of; 535 feet north of 594 PRECISE LEVELS road running west on Avest side of Nicholas road; aluminum bolt in rock, marked ‘^‘2943 KNWA” and U. S, G. S. ” painted on ^ek 2943.583 Snow Hill, 0.7 mile noiLh of; at scr.llieast angle road running east; chestnut bearing sign Homing Falls 2 miles, to Rupert’s, 18 miles;” marked ’ i sign b- .vid ^^2850”.... 2850.25 Snow Hill, 1.6 miles northwest ; nortl. v. est angle of road running north, 150 feet AA^est of new schoolhouse and near sign ^Go SummersAnlle, 15 miles;” chestnut tree, marked ''2838” 2838.13 SnoAV Hill, 2.6 miles nortlnA^est of; 850 feet AA'est of Jones’s house on north side of road; nail in root of stump, marked "2606” 2605.76 SnoAv Hill, 3.3 miles nortliAvest of; southeast angle of road running soutliAvest; small black oak tree bearing sign "to SunimersAdlle, 13 miles,” "to Eyes Mill, 2 miles” 2492.67 SnoAv Hill, 5.2 miles nortliAAmst of; at southeast angle of road running east; at deserted store; chestnut marked "2434” 2434.28 Snow Hill 1.6 Miles Norlliwest of; toward Ophelia. Feet. SnoAV Hill, 1.7 miles nortliAvest of; top of hill north of new schoolhouse 2838.13 SnoAV Hill, 2.6 miles northwest of; 1 mile north of new schoolhouse; Odd’s store, southeast corner foundation stone of, marked "2711” 2711.47 Road running north, at southeast corner at sign, 'Go Sum- mersville, 13 miles, to trondorfs Mills, iy 2 miles;” stone, marked on sign "2536” 2536.37 Homing Creek, bridge QAmr; Avest end of Avest retaining Avail on north side of road; stone, marked "1840” 1840.15 Homing Creek, 1.9 miles east of; 500 feet east of trail to Homing Falls, north side of road ; chestnut tree, marked "2657” 2656.93 Ophelia, % mile south of; at crossroads to Leivasy and Sum- mersville, near clnirch; stone 2623.84 Ophelia, % mile south of; 1,500 feet west of crossroads and cliurch, at west side of farm road, 50 feet north of Sum- mersville road; bolt in rock, marked "KNWA 2587”.... 2587.132 Crossroads % Mile South of Ophelia to Leivasy. Feet. Ophelia, 1.7 miles southeast of; at southeast angle of road running northeast; large poplar tree, marked "2721”.... 2721.378 Oplielia, 2.4 miles southeast of; 100 feet southwest of road on east; on north side of road; maple tree, marked "2694” 2694.49 0])helia, 3.08 miles southeast of; road running north; chest- nut tree, maiked "2747” on stump 2746.83 WEST VIKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 595 Opholia, 0.4 mile south of; 300 feet north of road to Cherry river and church; east side road, mai’ked ‘Mh M. ” on rock 2379.04 Tjeivasy; store o})po«ite to stone at j’ate, marked ^^2338’C. 2357.60 Leivasy post ollice, mile south of; at foik of road to Hom- iny Falls and Lile ; at southeast angle, marked M. ” on rock 2368.86 Leivasy post office, IV 2 miles soutlieast of; at log schoolhouse at north side of road; stone marked ‘^2406” on schoolhouse 2405.81 Leivasy post office, 21/2 miles southeast of ; trail 0.1 mile southeast of white oak tree, marked ^‘2605” on south sid(^ of road 2605.39 Leivasy, 4 miles southeast of; chestnut tree bearing sign ‘Ho Leivasy 4 miles ; to Rupert ’s 20 miles ; ’ ’ point on rear of tree, marked “3004” on sign board 3004.53 Leivasy, via Lile, to Beech Knob. Feet. Lile, 0.8 mile west of; and Greenbrier and Nicholas county line, stone, 0.15 mile east of; about 600 feet west of store on southwest side road; chestnut marked “3342” 3342.29 Lile, 0.6 mile west of ; 130 feet west of trail running south on south side of road; chestnut ti'ee marked “3319” 3319.34 Lile, 0.95 mile east of; oposite road running east and on west side of road to Beech Knob; beech tree, marked “3500” 3499.78 Lile, 1.6 miles east of; at road running west and 60 feet east of branch; dead maple tree, marked “3848” 3848.19 Beech Knob, at Road Running West, to Duo. Feet. Beech Knob, 1.1 miles south of; near small branch, on west side of road; maple tree marked “3394” 3393.97 Beech Knob, 2 miles south of; 40 feet south of Long Branch crossing on east side of road; beech tree, marked “3219” 3219.20 Duo, 1/2 mile northwest of; fork of road to Rupert, 200 feet north of; 100 feet north of branch and 50 feet east of road, near small house, bolt in bowlder, marked “3206 KNWA” 3206.454 Beech Knob at Road Running West on Big Mountain Ridge South- west to McClung and Snow Hill Road. Feet. Beech Knob, 1.3 miles southwest of; and 20 feet west of faint trail on south side of road; beech tree, marked “3783”. . . 3783. Summersville, Up Muddlety Creek, to Hookersville. E'eet. Summersville, brickyard and house between at road east ; west side of small bridge, nail in, marked “1888” 1887.578 696 PRECISE LEVELS Siimmersville, road east; nail in fork of oak, marked ^^1938” 1938.14 Snrnmersville, farm road oast of, at northeast angle; black oak, marked ^‘1984^’ 1984.06 Phillips Run, fork of I'oavl at and bridge over Mnddlety; large pin-oak tree, marked ‘^1833’’ 1835.66 Mnddlety post office, ^2 ^lile north' 'f; school 50 feet north of, west side of road, at sma!. stream, beech, marked ‘M861” 1860.80 Mnddlety post office, road west to Clay Conit House, oppo- site to small crabap}'>le tree, on east side of road, marked ‘‘1854;’’ also ^ mile north old Valley Honse 1854.51 Ilookersville, at road running east up Mnddlety, at southeast angle; white oak tree, marked “1856” 1855.83 Hookersyille, 200 feet west of road to Powell Mountain, at intersection road up ^Inddlety ; aluminum tablet in roek in field, marked “1859 KNWA’’ 1859.496 Point 6 Miles North of Smiimersville to Buffalo, at Mouth of Dog Run. Feet. Mnddlety road, 1 mile west of; first house on Clay Court House road, 150 feet north of; at cut-off trail, chestnut tret, marked “1925” 1925.13 Pearson Branch, near top of mountain, at head of hollow, 200 feet souix of trail to ; on west side of road, stone marked “2360” 2359.81 Birch Run, 30 feet north of, on east side of road; trail west at top of ridge, at top of last ascent before reaching Birch Run; chestnut tree, marked “2025” 2025.35 Beech Run, at crossing north side of run and west side of road at end of foot log; small beech, marked “1636”. .. . 1636.16 Beech Run, crossing about 2,000 feet north of; on south side of road opposite Liberty Bowl schoolhouse ; aluminum tablet in large rock maiLed “1747 KNWA” 1746.593 Liberty Bowl schoolhouse, 0.7 mile north of; stream 600 feet north of, on east side of road at old road; gum tree, marked “1795” 1795.50 Clay-Nicholas county line, on north side road; large oak tree, marked “1727” ‘ 1726.95 Dog Run, or Clay; deserted store and road running northeast; large chestnut tree, marked “1710” 1710.47 Enoch post otfice, road to; 25 feet north of, on north side of road; large white oak ti’ee, marked “1483” 1482.69. Dog Run, between second and third crossing, descending on east side of road, about 1 mile northwest of Enoch church; beech tree, marked “1117” 1117.46 Buffalo, northwest side of, and o])posite point 60 feet noifh mouth of Dog Hun; in Rock Cliff, aluminum tablet, marked “826 KNWA” 826.124 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 5‘)7 Summersville, Over Fowell Mountain, to Birch River and Wdch Glade" Feet. Ilookersvillc, nboui 2'/2 miles north of; top of Powell Moun- tain, oil south side of road; small iron-wood tree, marked “2484^; 2484.25 Ilookersville, cleaiini;' about ^/'2 niile north of, on east side of road; roek marked ''2316'' 2316.15 Powell Mountain; road opposite to Strange creek, on west side road to Sutton; aluminum bolt in small ledge of roek, marked "2249 KNWA" ! 2249.18 Strange Creek, road % mile north of; first crossing of branch about loo feet south of, on west side of road; small beech tree, marked "1951" 1950.89 Powell Mountain, foot of; V2 mile above; opposite house in bottom on west side road, small oak tree, marked "1363". 1363.01 Powell Mountain, foot of; near schoolliouse on east side of road; small oak tj-ee, marked "1224" 1224.05 Birch Run post office, about 300 feet north of; on east side of Powell Creek, about mile north of mouth, and oppo- Ivan Bros, and Brown’s store, aluminum tablet in out- crop of rock, marked "1108 KNWA" 1108.365 Birch River post office, 1% miles east of; Yi mile -east of An- thony, opposite to church on south side of road; double syeamoi’e tree, marked "1134" 1134.15 Birch River, about 3 miles east of; at mouth of Rose Run, on north bank of the river; sycamore tree at foot log, marked "1196" ! 1195.76 Skiles Branch, 250 feet east of mouth; poplar tree, marked "1253" 1253.47 Birch River, about 6 miles cast of; about 1-3 mile above Rich Fork, on sonthv’est side road ; beech tree near house, marked "1332" 1331.75 Boggs post office, I'Yi miles west of; at Roughs of Birch River, 150 feet east of falls and sawmill on south side of road; beech tree, marked "1495" 1495.23 Boggs post office, near; about 250 feet east of school, 20 feet north of road in outcrop of rock; bronze tablet, marked "1555 KNWA" 1555.35 Boggs, 1 mile east of; near branch and opposite house on north side of road ; stone in fence, marked "1589". ...... 1589.15 Boggs, about 3i4 miles east of ; 500 feet above fourth house below foot of mountain on west side of road; birch tree, marked "1750" 1750.37 Boggs, foot of mountain; about 1 mile beloAV and at third CT-ossing below same on east side of road; marked "1889" 1888.53 Welch Glade, about 1 mile northwest of; 725 feet southeast of road from to]) of mountain to Cowen and Glade Run; ^bpiif 5.00 feet southeast of house and mile northwest of 598 PEECISE LEVELS clinrch on east side of road ; bronze tablet in rock, marked ‘^2253 KNWA’’ 2253.310 Welch (jlade post office, about 800 feet northwest of; nail in floor of bridge, marked ^^2223” 2222.72 Welch Glade post office, about 100 feet north of; railroad crossinpr between road to Camden and railroad; oak tree, marked ‘^2222’’ 2222.32 Welch Gla^, via Camden, to Craigsville. Feet. Welch Glade, about miles south of, on road to Camden; small beech tree 250 feet south of, and 50 feet north of road to sawmill site and on north side of road ; small white- ' oak tree, marked ‘^2275’’ 2274.G4 Camden on Gauley; at ^^The Camden,” west side in pier to porch; bronze tablet, marked ‘‘2062 KNWA”.*. 2062.025 #nmden on Gauley, 1 mile west of; roads to Craigsville and up Strouds Creek at southwest angle; oak tree, marked “2099” 2098.81 Camden on Gauley, about 2 miles west of; foot log over Rock Camp Run; nail in east end of; marked “2170” 2169.57 Craigsville, about 1^/4 miles east of; bridge over Rock Camp Run; nail in west end of; marked “2203” 2203.57 Craigsville, east end of point on' tramway; nail in cross tie. . 2282.52 Craigsville ; at road to Cranberry at Hickman ’s store ; small oak ti’ee southwest angle of, marked “2293” 2293.36 Craigsville, near east end of; 670 feet east of Cranberry road and betel; on north side of road in front of Macon Bose’s house; bronze tablet in rock, marked “2288 KNWA”. . . . 2288.157 Craigsville, up Beaver Creek near Delphi, and Down Muddlety Creek to Hookersville. Feet. Craigsville, west end of; west of tramroad and church; nail in stump of telegrayh pole on north side of road 2311.75 Craigsville, about ''/2 mile northwest of; at fork of road south to Beaver Mills on road southeast to Craigsville; near crossing of tramroad at southwest angle of roads; white- oak tree, marked “2337” 2336.13 Craigsville, about IV 2 niiles northwest of; at top of mountain on w^est side of road; gum tree, marked “2435” 2435.12 Craigsville, about 2% miles northwest of; at northeast angle of road east and west; small white-oak tree, marked “2196” 2195.73 Del]dii, about 1 mile south of; in Beaver bottom, near cross fence; wood plug 2199.79 Delphi, D /2 ntiles west of; on north side of road opposite house: at foot of street; nail in root of stump, marked “2251” 2250.62 WEST VTK,GTNT.\ GEOLOGK^AL SGltVEY 509 Delplii, about 2Yi luilc's west of; on lo]> of iiiounlain, bOO f(‘(3t west of house < ;; south side of road; (diestuut ire(3, marked ‘‘2004’’ 2503.45 Ilookersville, about 5 miles east of; 225 feet east of fork of Muddlety, at crossing' of right fork, on nortli side of road west of ci'ossin'v; aluminum taldet in large overhanging rock, marked “2005 KNWA” . 2004.S42 Ilookersville, about 4 miles east of; about 80 feet east of crossing of IMuddletj", opposite cliffs on south side of road ; water birch tree, marked “1939” 1938.61 Ilookersville, 21/4 miles east of; 200 feet east of schoolhouse at northeast angle of road to mill; oak tree, marked “1880” ' 1880.41 Hookersville, II /2 miles east of ; south of road between large house and cabin; large leaning maple tree, marked “1863” 1863.15 Crai^sville, via Y^ToodMliie to Richwocd. Feet. Craigsville, point on tramv/ay, east end of 2282.52 Craigsville, 40 feet east of trail on south side of road; near broken down house; white oak tree, marked “2426” 2426.06 Craigsville, sawmill site, trail to; on north side of road; rock, marked “2239” 2238.87 Woodbine post office, rear of; on west side of road; rock marked “B. M.,” with “1938” marked on blacksmith shop 1937.65 Woodbine, 1 mile southeast of; opposite to Iron and Sulphur Springs and on east side of road; manle tree, marked “2522” ! 2521.61 Woodbine, 2^ miles southeast of; at northwest angle of trail west of Cherry River and near house; rock marked “2849” 2848.49 Woodbine, about 3 miles southeast of ; 100 feet south of trail running east on southwest side of road; chestnut tree, marked “2914” 2914.34 Woodbine, 41/9 miles southeast of; at trail west; maple tree, marked “2969” 2967.19 Woodbine, 4 V 2 miles southeast of; on Greenbrier road at west side of, and on south side of trail running west, in hollow near maple ti'ee, marked “2969;” bronze tablet in rock, marked “2969 KNWA” 2969.33 Richwood, about 2% niiles north of; 300 feet north of Poca- hontas road oTi nort beast side Greenbrier remd near house; stump marked “2972” 2971.82 Richwood, about 2 miles north of; 90 feet south of church on west side of road; oak ti-ee, marked “2976” 2975.74 Richwood, about 1% miles noith of; beginning of descent at trail southwest and south of house on west side of road, chestnut tree, marked “2937” 2936.88 Richwood^ about 44 inile northeast of; 100 feet southwest of GOO PRECISE LEVELS trail south, south side of road; rock, marked ‘‘2400’’.. Kichwood, Cherry River north side of; on east side of road; walnut tree, marked “2189” Richwood via Cold Knob and Jones Knob to Duo. Richwood, 1 mile south of, on east side of road; rock marked “2589” Ricliwood, 1% miles south of; top of Greenbri-er-Nicholas county line; stone, marked “2874” Richwood, about 214 miles south of, at Little Laurel Creek bridii'e over M^est end and north side of; nail in floor, marked “2746” Richwood, about 3^2 miles south of, and about 1/2 mile north of Babies LLflel on east side, of road, opposite to road run- nino; west; maple tree, marked “3195” Richwood, about 6 miles south of, on south side of road to school; top of stump, marked “3713” Richwood, about 7^/4 miles southeast of, on Manning Knob and east side of road; maple tree, marked “3912” Richwood, about 7% miles southeast of, about 2,350 feet southeast of Manning Knob on northeast side of road; aluminum plug in large rock, marked “3709 KNWA ” and “B. M. ” painted on rock; this bench mark is also 240 feet from foot of descent from Manning Knob going southeast Richwood, 9 miles southeast of, about 1% miles southeast of Manning Knob and 1/4 mile northwest of trail south; rock on east side of road, marked “3805” on larger rock. . Richwood, 10 miles southeast of; about 2 % miles southeast of Manning Knob on a level stretch of road where it runs east; on nortli side small beech tree, marked “3893”.... Richwood, 11^ miles southeast of; about 2 miles northwest of road to Duo and 1.000 feet south of cleared field on east side of roarl ; maple tree, marked “3895” Richwood, about 13 miles southeast of; about % mile north- west of road to Duo at foot of climb going toward Cold Knob in clearing on east side of road; locust tree, marked “3795” Riclnvood, about 13% miles southeast of; on southwest side of Greenbrier road; 795 feet northwest of road to Duo; aluminum tablet in rock, marked “4116 KNWA” Duo, 7% miles east of; about 300 feet east of Summit of Grassy Kiiob, on south side of road; chestnut oak tree, marked “4347” Duo, about 5% miles east of; between Grassy Knob and Jobs Knob; about 200 feet west of liouse and 50 feet north of road; maple tree, marked “4015” 2400.05 2188.85 Feet. 2588.49 2874.02 2745.97 3194.94 3712.72 3912.05 3709.043 3804.71 3893.32 3895.29 3795.36 4116.433 4346.68 4014.84 WEST VIliaiNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 001 Duo, about 4Vi> milos oast of; near loi> of Jol)s Knob, on south side of road; large rook, marked “42F>2” 4*252.06 Duo, about lU/o miles east of; in gay) between Jobs Knob and Shell Camp Ridge on south side of road; gum tree. marked ‘^S955” 3955.22 Duo, 11/2 miles east of; on Shell Camy) Ridge near spring and on south side of road; may)le tree, marked ‘‘4014” 4013.93 Duo; on renter of bottom stey) on front yioreli of house, marked “3428” 3427.55 Duo: ebeek on bench mark y)liig in rock mile northwest of Duo 3206.454 Lsivasy Northeast tip Road Crossing Grassy Creek. Feet. Leivasy; church at fork of road about 1^4 roile north of; at toi3 of hill; y)oor road; chestnut tree, marked “2494”... 2494.00 Grassy Creek crossing, about 900 feet east of; on north side of road uy) Grassy Creek ; aluminum tablet in rock, marked “2426 KNVv^xV”; bench mark yiainted on the rock 2425.873 KANAWHA, PUTNAM, LINCOLN, BOONE, LOGAN, MINGO, WYOMING, McDOVvELL AND MASON COUNTIES. Charleston and Oceana Quadrangles. The elevations in the following list were published in part in the Appendix to the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Survey, being based on a bench mark determined by trigonometrical lev- eling by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey at St. Albans west base monument. The leveling in connection with this work was done chiefly by hTr. TTargraves Wood, levelman, under the direction of Mr. TTersey Munroe, toyyographer, during the seasons of 1896 and 1897. In the spring of 1898 Mr. E. E. McNair, levelman, connected levels brought from Hamden Junction bench mark of the trans- continental line of precise levels of the ITnited States Coast and Geodetic Survey, via dTiurman and Gallipolis, Ohio, to Point Pleasant, West Virginia. At this y)lace connection was made with bench mark of the United States engineers on coping of Lock No. n, on Great Kanawha River. The result was a differ- ence of 4.780 feet, which is added to the elevations determined by the United States engineers on Gi'eat Kanawha River, and a permanent bench mark was left in Point Pleasant bearing the accepted elevation as brought from the Coast Survey. The ele- 002 PRECISE LEVELS vations listed in the appendix of 1897 above referred to, as based on tlie Coast Survey monument at St. Albans, showed a differ- ence of elevation between it and the United States engineer lock bench marks of 8.544 feet, Avhereas the difference now accepted is 4.780 feet. As a consequence, the levels hereafter listed differ from those published in the appendix referred to by the amount 0.836 foot, which is added to those elevations, and they are ac- cordingly about 1 foot higher than the elevations as stamped on the bench marks established in 1896 and 1897. Based on these connections, the elevation of the datum tablet placed in the State capitol building in Charleston in 1897, and marked ‘^C. 602,'" is now accepted as being 601.597 feet above mean sea level. The bench marks dependent upon this datum have been marked with the letter ‘‘C” in addition to the figures of elevation. Lock Ko. 6 to Charleston. Lock No. G, Great Kanawha River; toj) of '-coping stone. A correction of 4.780 feet as determined at Lock No. 11 on the Great Kanawha River was added to the elevation of the coping of Lock No. 6 near Cliarleston. The elevation of coping of Lock No. 6 by the Engineer Corps is 565.5. The correcied elevation is Lock No. 6, 0.9 mile east of; chisel mark on rock ledge 15 feet nortli of r(md and 700 feet west of tannery Charleston, 2%. miles nortlnvest of; chisel mark on sandstone from north wall of stone arch bridge over Two Mile Creek. Bridge is known as Two Mile Bridge Charleston, 2.4 miles northwest of; nail in top of oak post 2 feet high, beside sidewalk on south side of road IS feet west of corner (f Tinsley’s grocery Charleston; U/^ miles nortlnvest of State Capitol; chisel mark on sandstone wall at southeast corner of stone arch bridge. Aljcut Yz northwest of suspension bridge across Elk River Feet. 569.355 621.925 596.105 618.815 593.695 Charlestcn uu Tvoomrle Crerk .Ueng Charleston and Sissonville Pocad to Wallace’s Store on Tupper Creek. Feet. Charleston, State Capitol, in southwest corner of; bronze tablet marked ^G)02 C” 600.672 Twomile Bridge, 1 mile north of; cliisel mark on sandstone abutment at northwest (‘orner of wooden bridge, opposite road going east up branch 586.615 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ()0,i Twumile Jiridgc, 2 miles uortii of; chisel mark on satidsione bowlder at soiiiiiwest corner of small wooden bridge near wood-colored house on west of road (303.845 Twomile Bridge, 2'^4 miles north of; about 200 feet south- west of Methodist ehui’ch known as Wesley Chapel; cop- jier bolt in bowlder marked ‘GJ04 C” (303.826 AVesley Chapel, 1-3 mile north of; chisel mark on bowlder near middle of road and 10 feet north of elm tree; 400 feet northwest of store 606.425 AVesley Chapel, 11/2 miles north of; chisel mark on sandstone bowlder 2^/2 feet from ’walnut tree (near bridge) on east side of road opposite house of G. W. Jenkins 677.975 AA^esley Chapel, 21,2 miles north of; chisel mark on large sand- stone ledge 20 feet east of road and about ^4 mile south- east of divide between waters of Two Mile Creek and Tapper Creek 806.255 AA^allace’s store, 0.9 mile south of; chisel mark on large flat bovdder 8 feet unrt^eest of road near small tvooden bridge; a log house 275 feet south 744.945 Wallace’s store. 75 feet east of; chisel mark on sandstone bowlder on cd'm of creek 10 fe^t east of road 677.305 Wallace’s store Yi mde east of: corner bolt in bowlder on south edce of road and a^^ont 600 feet east of James Wal- lace’s house, m.arked ^W)68 C” 666.752 Wallace’s Store on Tupper Creek, via Martins Branch and Pocatalico River to Poca. Feet. Martins Bi-anch road, south side of and 14 mile above mouth ; 175 feet we^t first crossing near schoolbouse: copper bolt in rock ledge 1 foot above grade, marked 592” 591.017 Rockv Fork. .300 fecf from mouth of; railing post west side bridge (nortli end) over 593.475 Pocatalico Piver and T/ick P)ranch, summit between; nail in root walnut tree 831.865 Poca. about 3^4 miles southeast of: stone on bridge over small stream 566.705 Poca, IV.! miles seutlicacit of: nail in root of large elm north side of road, south bank Pocatalico Piver 570.025 Poca, .Along F.anav/ha and Michigan Railway to St. Albans, Feet. Poca station. foot contli of: conuor bolt on west side smph abutru'^rJ h.ighway bridge over Correly Praucb : ( c fi r,7o M ‘ ^ 572.341 'uost 167. ]\fi>bionn Pailway. nail in top of 588.845 Milepost 108, Kanawha and Michigan Pailway, nail in top of 591.635 G04 PRECISE LEVELS 590.875 591.845 Milejxjst 109, Kanawha and Michigan Railway, nail in top of Milepost 110, Kanawha and Michigan Railway, nail in top of Lock 7, top coping; etpials 555.50 United States Engineer elevation 559.355 Lewis railroad station, east of; nail in root of large Avalnu.t t]-ee at bend in lane, GOO feet north of Chesapeake and Ohio Raihvay 5G9.905 Scott railroad station, 75 feet sonth of; iron post in Pine’s orchard, 50 feet sonth of Chesapeake and Ohio Railway tracks, marked ‘^69,3 C” G92.85G St. Albans, Avest base monument, located in fence line on Avest side of First street. 60 feet north of the porth rail of the Chcsai'ieake and Ohio Raihvay track; center of monn- ment is marked by limestone post projecting 1 foot above gronnd. in top of AAdiich is a copper ])olt, the eleAm- tion of Avhich is 594.G91 Lock 6 to Tyler Creek Schoolhouse. Feet. Lock 6, c(*ping; equals’ 565.50 United States Engineer eleva- tion , 569.355 Lock 6, U 2 nortliAvest of; bildge over small branch of Tyler Creek 588.415 Tyler Creek road, Ui mile southeast forks of road near Tyler schoolhonse ; conper bolt in rock 20 feet Avest of drain across, marked ‘^C 623” 623.371 Lock 6, up Middle Fork Davis Creek to Mouth of Long Branch, f [ f| Feet. Davis Creek, southeast abutment Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- way bridge oAmr (top ballast Avail) 603.625 Trace Foik DaA'is Creek; KanaAvlia and Coal River Raihvay trestle over; top of rail 601.135 Milenost 2, t('p of; KanaAvha and Coal River Raihvay. . . 596.665 Dry P)ran 2 h 1^4 mile sonth of; nail in root of beech tree east side of road 596.155 Long Branch, 900 feet noidh of; belAveen second and third crossings north of ‘^cboolhonse : cooper bolt in large 1)oav1- dei‘ west side middle fork Davis Creek, marked ^‘C 659”. 659. 2G2 Lock 5, up Lers Creek to Racine a""d Down Coal River to Mouth of Lick Creek. Feet. Lock 5, C()T)ino;; eenals 572.50 TTnitod Stales Engineer eleAua- tion 57G.355 Chesapeake and Ohio Raihvay cnlveid oAmr Rush Creek; ■'’*4 mile nortliAvest (>f ; copr)er bolt in middle one of three ledges of rock west side Right Fork Rush Creek, marked WEST ViKGlNlA GEOLOGIUAL SUltVEY 005 ‘‘C 039’’ 038.943 Tresiie on West Vii'giniii Soiitlieiii Knilroad, 900 feet south- west Cliesapeake and Ohio iiaiiway; top of rail 591.925 Ilernshaw, % mile south of; nail in root sycamore east side of road at schoolhouse 703.075 llernshaw, about 1 mile south of; coi)per bolt in 3 by 5 foot ledge roc'k south side road south bank Lens Creek, near A. lioffman’s house, maiked ‘‘C 722” 722.135 Sixmile Creek, I/4 mile south of; large sycamore tree west side of road; nail in root of 868.305 Lens Creek and Lhort Creek, gap between; center road ground surface 1237.075 Lens Creek and Short Creek, 1-10 mile, south gap between ; large flat rock east side of road 1169.285 Racine, about 1 mile north of; nail in root large sycamore tree in road 400 feet scnith Widow Snodgrass’s house 770.285 Racine, 50 feet north of north side church at; on rock west side road 200 feet nortli Coal River 664.375 Peytona, east end of walnut tree south side of road, nail in root of; third tree from east line walnuts nearly opposite old coal dump across river 669.445 Peytona. about 2 miles northwest; copper holt in ledge rock south side road down Coal River, 100 feet northwest of Tvaurel Branch ; 1 mile below White Oak Branch, marked ‘W 665” 665.401 Lick Creek. 200 feet north of mouth of; copper holt in rock west side Coal River road, marked ‘W 648” 648.375 Racine, via Comfort and Hopkins, to Mouth Robinson Creek. Peet. Toney Ih’anch Coal Rivei', at crossing; 'nail in root sycamore tree southeast side of road 671.745 Comfoi't, Vs mile north of; copper boll bottom rock cliff I/2 mile south mouth Joes (h eek ; east side Coal River road, 4 feet above grade, marked ^‘C 673” 673.488 Laurel Creek cr'ossing, 600 feet below Sand Pork; large lean- ing poplar tiee east side of road, nail in root of 704.655 Hopkins Pork. 200 feet southeast mouth of; bi-onze tablet in face rock -cliff, marked ‘^C 734” 734..388 Cristley Branch; nail in i-oot of beech ti'ee north side Laurel Pork 400 feet soutlnvest schoolhouse at 823.255 Th-airie Branch, 300 feet snutbwu^st of; nail in root of syca- more tree southeast side of road 887.015 Laurel Pork and Robinson Creek, gap between; nail in root large chestnut tree 1657.325 Robinson Creek, confluence with Right Pork; nail in root of beech tree groAving with sycamore tree 875.605 606 taiECISE LEVELS Robinson ('reek and Pond Creek, 500 feet from confluence of; copper bolt sunk in piotruding' bowlder in Ballard Brown’s field on east side of and 300 feet from road, marked ‘^C 740” 746.847 St. Albans, via Tackett Creek, Ycmig’s Store and Tornado to Starting Point. Feet. St. Albans, west base monument, located in fence line on west side of First street 00 feet north of the north rail of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail" y track; center of mon- ument is marked by limestone post projecting 1 foot above ground, in the top of which is a copper bolt, the elevation of which is 594.691 Lewis railroad station, 3/4 mile east of; nail in root of large walnut tree at bend in lane 600 feet north of Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 596.905 St. Albans, IVa miles northwest of ; northeast corner of abut- ment of bridge at first crossing of Tackett Creek 587.985 Tackett Creek, last crossing of; 400 feet w^est of frame house with well in front; bench mark cut in stone on right side of road 777.985 Tackett Creek, road i;;'; rock on right side just above small spring on left side of road 500 feet east of summit; M.” cut on rock 903.125 Tackett Creek, summit, vdiere road leaves and follows Hurri- cane, 1,000 feet Avest of ; nail in poplar stump at end of small bridge on left side of road 915.795 Hurricane road, right side of ; 75 feet beyond new frame house about fC tnile AA^est of summit on ledge rock 842.375 Young’s store, first house south of, on south side of road, be- longing to eTolm Hodges; copoer bolt set in east chimney 6 feet from ground, marked S. G. S. 737 Ft. B. M.”. . 737.294 Young’s store, Avest side of road leaving Hurricane road at; nail in root of gum tree 6 inel)es in diameter 1/2 mile south from forks where clearing begins on right 812.495 Young’s store, road from, to Bridge Creek; large white oak tree on east side 200 feet Avest of head of holloAv on south and backbone of ridge 930.115 Bridge Creek, west bank of; south of and near house on east about 3/4 mile south of schoolhouse; nail in small dog- wood stump 748.525 Flint Hollow, 14 mile soutlnvest of mouth of; large rock on bank Avest side of road and Bridge Creek; cleared field on east, Avoods on Avest 699.925 Trace Foidc of Mud RiA’ei’, 200 feet beloAv mouth of Twomile Branch, 400 feet nortliwest of Anderson McAllister’s house; coi)per bolt in huge rock on north side of stream. WEST VIllGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUllVEY f)07 marked ‘Uk S. G. S. GOO Kt. IL M.’’ GG9..125 Twi)milc IL'niieli (a 1 rihiilai’y of Trace Fork of Mud K’iver) ; larg'c elm tree at month of 001.985 Fall Creek, road f n.mi ; stone on nort h side 100 feet fi'om to}) of first rid4>‘e near small walnut 1033.905 Twomile Branch and Right Fork of Fall Creek; nail in root of large chestnut tree on south side of road near tlrst break in ascent of ridge between streams 879.505 Toi-iiado, 2 miles sordlivvest of, on Fall Cieek road; nail in root of beech tree on Lank near new house 620.125 Tornado, IVe miles souiliwest of, on road up Fall Creek; iron post on south side of road 150 feet above first crossing of Fall Creekj, marked ^^614’’ 613.708 Tornado, mill at ; large stone in retaining wall of mill at point where wail meets fence 607.205 Garrett’s Bend to Sand Gap, Sngar Camp ICnob, down Laurel Fork of Horse Creek to Madison. . Feet. Garrett’s Bend, 1 mile soutlieast of, up Trace Fork; nail in root of sycamore tree, east side of road, near foot-log and sawmill 670.415 Garrett’s Bend, south end of fii’st foot log at, going up Trace Fork; nail in stump 681.305 Garrett’s Bend, 2 miles ab(;ve ; nail in root of walnut tree at barn and crossing at William’s Branch 703.165 Sand Gap; nail in large stump under cliestnut tree west side of road 1088.165 Sand Gap, 500 feet west of, fork of n-ads at; coper bolt in huge rock above John A. Midkiff’s house, maiked S. G. S. 1079 B. M.” 1078.545 Brushy Knob, east end of, on road to Little Coal River; nail in root of white-oak tree (m west side of road 1222.895 Sugar (famp Knob signal, ^/4 mile south of cabin near, 125 feet below fork of road; nail in root of hickory tree on west side of road 1197.425 Sugar Camp Knob signal, miles fi'<.m, on Laurel Fork; nail in lool of beech tree at schoolhouse on -west side of T-oad 838.875 Laurel ForL, F/o miles above mouth of; nail in root of beech tree on east side of road 753.705 Laui’el Fork, mile above mouth of; nail in root of beech tree on west side of road 706.045 Laurel Foik, 200 i'eet above confluence with Hor’se Creek; co])])ei- bolt in rock ledge on east, bank, op].)osite James McClure’s house near last crossing of Laiu'ol, marked S. G. S. 673 Ft. B. M.” ' 672.622 Hill, 11/2 miles above; nail in root of leaning beech tree on north bank of Horse Creek about 1,200 feet below Price’s 608 PRECISE LEVELS liouse, just below small stream e(iming- in on right 051.995 Trace Branch, 1 mile a))(,ve month; cop]:>er bolt in large bowlder on left side of right-hand hollow on Trace Bi-anch of Horse Creek, marked‘^‘U. S. G. S. 760 Ft. B. M.”. .. .705.931 Hill; top of foundation wall north side of store 60(S.585 Hill, iy 2 miles south of; nail in root of large white-oak tree on west side of road I /4 mile south of ford 057.615 Camp Creek, ^/4 mile north of; nail in root of large sugar ma})le tree on west side of road 300 feet above Stol ling’s house 002.525 Camp Ci'eek, ^4 north of; coit})ei oolt in small ledge of rock on east side of road going np Little Coal River 300 feet above B. Stollings, marked S. G. S. 660 Ft. B. M.” ^ ; 060.170 Camp Creek, % mile south of, opposite Dr. Hill’s house; nail in root of large beech tree west side of road 009.765 Camp Creek, 2 miles south of; nail in root of ])eech tree west side of road 710.715 Lick Creek, 1 mile north of, 600 feet above house where road forks to left ; nail in root of hollow beech tree on bank of river west side of road 671.025 Lick Creek, opposite month of; nail in root of one of two sycamore trees overL.,nging river 007.275 Lick Creek, li/4 miles south of month of ; nail in root of leaning beech tree on south side of Lick Creek, l)elow small stream coming in on south 716.875 Lick Creek, 500 feet below sawmill on ; nail in root of lean- ing beech tree on north side of road 743.165 Lick Creek, 3 miles above month, at Chamber’s house; nail in root of walnut tree- in field on north side of road 707.405 Lick Creek, 3 y 2 miles aliove month of and mile above Chamber’s house, on Right Fork of Lick Creek; cop])er bolt in bowlder above coal bank 25 feet-east of ci’eek be- tween two walnut trees, one of wliich is blazed; bolt is marked ‘HI. S. G. S. 820 Ft B. M.” 819.403 Newjiort (Danville post office), y 2 mile above; nail in root of large elm tree on south side of road 078.075 Madison, up Spruce Fork to Seng Pcst-ofice. Feet. Madison, sheriff’s office; bronze tablet in front wall, marked ‘‘704” 703.221 Spruce Fork, 600 feet above month of; nail in root of beech tree on east side of road... 098.705 Madison, ly? miles south of; nail in root of white i>ine tree on east side of road np S})rnce Fork 225 feet above school- house 708.795 Low Gap Branch, 450 feet above monfh; ledge of rock on north side of road 718.745 WEST VIIUHNIA GEOLOGICAL STTKVEY Spruce Fork, 1/2 mile below ITunterR Tb'aneh ; null in root of hir^e, lenniuij,' syenmoie in'o on west side of roa. M.’’, on south side of road 668.045 Dingess Run, 2G0 feet so: tli of ; nail in root of large syca- moie tiee v t ci r. ad 662.695 Andretv L'ciey's Louse, Y^ mile above, on west side of road; nail in ioc;t of leanin,,. water birch 674.415 Ely Gore’s, aevr.ss r’ver i cm, and 500 feet above hollow on left: nail i i i-. o-t (.-f leaning sycamore on west side of road 685.535 Rnm Creek smur ■h:: se, Yi mile above; rock at root of large ^ cucium.below Jim Justice’s.. 770.105 Gnyandot River; large rock on bank of, west side, where road comes near water, V2 above Jim Justice’s 755.665 Gilbert, 1 mile l>elow ; nail in root of sycamore tree with speading roots 200 feet above old mill race where wagon road ca-osses river 803.465 Gilbert, Yz mile below ; rock on west side of road 200 feet above high cliff on left 821.505 Gilbert, via Wharncliffe, to State Corner Between Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky. Feet. Gilbeit, opposite Alexander Stafford’s store; iron post in field, marked “832” 831.646 Gilbert, rock on east side of road near to}) o4’ hill almve Stafford’s store 854.825 Gilbert (’reek, 1 mile above mouth of; rock markeost on east side of road, opposite T. E. Jirown’s house, marked “1020” 1019.815 m tKECiSE LEVELS Ben Creek, 400 feet below Pound Mill Branch ; nail in root of small sycamore tree on east side of road 94S.165 Ben Creek, 200 feet above Spring Fork Branch; at Michael Hatfield’s; nail in root of black-oak tree in west side of road 889.315 Wharncliffe, railroad bridge over Ben Creek ; bridge seat of east abutment (B. M. 820.39 of N. & W. K. il.) 821.975 Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia, ccrnor of State lines, 1/2 mile south of Wharncliffe ; iron post, marked ^^825”.. 825.162 Kentucky, Virginia and Vvest Virginia Corner, Tla Mouth of Long Pole, up Same, to near Oak Branch. Feet. Long Pole Creek, 1^ miles above mouth of; nail in root of beech tree on north side of road 975.275 Long Pole Creek, 1,200 feet below Oak Branch ; iron post on south side of road, marked ^^1050” 1050.284 Up Big Huff Creek, via Cyclone, to Its Hoad and to Echart. Feet. Millard McDonald’s, 600 feet below; nail in root of poplar- tree on south side of road 770.275 Big Spring Branch, 1,800 feet above crossing of ; nail in root of sycamore tree on north side of road 792.625 Cyclone, copper bolt in rock opposite Henchman’s house, marked S. G. S. 854 Ft. B. M.” 853.992 Ed. Cook’s, 14 Diil® above; nail in root of beech tree on south side of road 896.265 Lem Brown’s, mile above; nail in root of beech tree on south side of road 948.585 Lem Brown’s; nail in root of poplar tree on south side of road at .' 993.015 Toney Fork of Huff Creek, south side of, about 2 miles above mouth; copper bolt in ledge of rock, marked S. G. S. 1234 Ft B. M.” 1234.489 Road Gap Branch, 600 feet below; iron post on east side of road up Big Huff Creek, 100 feet above D. H. Cook ’s store, marked ‘‘1068” 1067.600 Rockhouse Branch, 600 feet above at Gordon Burgess’s; nail in root of sycamore tree on east side of road up Big Huff Creek 1148.985 Road fork, 1 mile above; nail in root of tall sycamore tree 50 feet to right of road up Big Huff Creek 1219.645 Road fork, 2 miles above; nail in root of water birch on north side of road up Big Huff Ci-eek 1273.705 Trace Fork, 600 feet above; nail in root of tall sycamore tree on west side of road up Big Huff Creek 1374.485 Brushy Fork, 100 feet above mouth of, opposite W. R. Blankenship’s; nail in root of sycamore tree east side of Big Huff Creek 1482.665 WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 613 Laurol Braiu'li, mile above and a little below Garden Ib'aiu'h, on east side of Big linff, about GOO feet below Bailey’s; nail in root of syeamoi’e tree, east side of road.'. 1G05.515 Si)ring* Braneli, 1,000 feel above mouth; nail in root of beech ti’oe with top off, on west side 1815.085 Sj)ring' Braneli ; nail in root of siigaiy maple, half way up mountain above head of stream, toward lowest part of ridge 2346.795 Sjiring Branch and Alum Dirt Branch, top of ridge between; nail ill root of large water oak, 200 yards east of Joe Tjiisk’s deserted house 2771.595 Alum Dirt Branch, one-third way down mountain toward; nail ill root of buckeye tree 2429.095 Echart, east bank of Pond Fork of Coal River, opposite mouth of Skin Fork; copper bolt in ledge of rock, marked ‘UI. S. G. S. 1423 Ft. B. AI.” 1423.025 Echart, down Pond Fork of Little Coal River, via Bald Knob and Crook, to Mouth of West Fork and up Same to Mouth of Brown’s Branch Feet. Pond Fork, 1 mile beloAv Skin Fork; nail in root of sycamore tree on east side of read 1352.955 Skill Fork, 3 miles below; nail in root of leaning sycamore ti-ee on east side of ri'ad down Pond Fork 1240.995 Rock Lick Branch i/4 mile' below month of; nail in root of sycamore tree on east side of road down Pond Pork 1142.335 . Bald Knob, east side of valley at; copper bolt in bowlder opposite Eddy Workman’s, marked S. G. S. 1101 Ft. B. AI.” 1101.055 Hatfield’s store, 1 mile above; nail in root of sycamore tree on west side of road, 100 feet above branch 1031.015 Cow Creek, north side of, % mile from month and 800 feet fi'om dim Gunnoe’s; copper bolt in ledge of rock marked ‘HI. S. G. S. 1039 Ft. B. AI.” 1039.095 IlatGeld’s store, 2 miles lielow, on west side of Pond Fork and 800 feet above Dick Gerald’s; nail in root of leaning sycamore ti-ee east side of road 934.675 White’s store, 14 above; nail in root of elm tree with sycamore gi’owing out of it, on east side of Pond Fork. . . . 893.465 Crook, first crossing of Pond Fork above; nail in root of sycamore tree on west side of road 848.245 West Fork of Pond, 1,000 feet above junction of Pond Fork; co})per bolt in rock, northeast side, marked ‘‘U. S. G. S. 808 Ft. B. M.” 809.014 West Fork of Pond, Y 2 below Brown’s Branch; nail in , root of sycamore tree on west side of road, GOO feet below John Giles’s 863.365 West Fork of Pond, 800 feet below Brown’s Branch; copper 014 PKECISE LEVELS bolt in ledge of ro Bayard Sand, tj^pe location-.- 121, 136-9 BayarJ* Thomas, well No. 1 122 Beagle, M. J. No. 1 273 Beagle, W. A. No. 1 266 iieall Heirs, well No. 1 371 Bealls J.nils, Wells near 370-2 Beallsville, Pa., Well near il6 Beatty Heirs, well No. 2 240 Beckett, E. W. No. 1 4'-4 Beckley. E. H. T., Record by 278 Bedell, 'William No. i 103-8 Bee, Nellie No. 1 290 Beech Grove, Well near ‘2.53 Beech Hill well tsi Beil, Eeli.'c No. 1 122 Bell, Rufus No. l and '2 143-4 Bell, W. N. No. 1, 2 and 1 -.-236-7 Bel lard. David No. 1 181 Belmont, Well near -.-‘257 Beiiton, Weil near ...214 Benetlum Br-os., Record by 184 Bennett, E. i.No 1 306 Bennett, T. C. No. 1 and 2 312-3 Bennett well No, 1. 3s5 Bennett, W. G. No. 1, 2 and 4 3,s^'-'i Bennett, W. G. No. 5 &c 390 Bens Riin Sta. Wells near.. 2 p9, 272 Benson, Wells near -331, :’.6k Bei‘ea, Weils near 42‘2-4 Berkeley T. J. No. 1... 485 Bert, Wells near 2N4 Best , E. G.. Ib-cords by .1.54-5 Bethany, Wells near 2fl‘2-i4 ’^Part II, Elevations Above Tide, was not indexed, but the regions cov- ered is ;;iven in the contents. INDEX (517 R(‘tf iiiiiTi, Wntson Co.,' l{(*cor(l byJiTV Mird. W('ils iirMf '-'HI IJlMOk, M. (J wvU No 1. 9t Ibacksliori'. Wt'lls cS: Co. No. 1 1^7 Itlako, Franklin, No. 1 9:{ I{ ako wi'll No. 1 - ._1.S7 |{hikor, John No. 1 Hoard, F. M. No. I 4(f2 Mode, Jainos II. No. 1 and H 'i'.iS-O Hodo, John A. No. 1 and 2 2‘.)<.)-0 node. W. H. No 1 2''9 I'odon & Aikon No. 1 Hodon, F. E. & Co. — p'lannaji'au welLlo'.) IJo«'yos8, E.Striny(‘r No. 1 28;i I{oy:,i> (‘ss. Qnintilhi No. ] ;>/7 Hohen, B. N". 1 and :471 i>oI(\ C. D., Records by '279 Bonner, B. F. No. 1 and 2 !J2 B ()h(‘r-Hicks No. 21.'i Boo her. John No 1 '240 Boohrr, Noah, well 212 Boidier, Wells near 242 !ioone Comity well records 499-0 Boone, Daniel, teni])orary home of-.-O Booth. .Tames A. No. 1 and 2 '209 Bosworth, Wells & Co Oil Sales of. 19-0 Bouyhner, I). No. 1 225 Bowel'S. G. W.No. 1 '220 Bownocd^er, .1. A 27'' Boyer, .1. Record by 482 Bradim, Glen f 7 -2 Braden Station. Well near 242 Brady’s Bend well -108 Brave. Pa.. Well near 110 Bra.xton County well r* cords :!8S-''l llreidinfr, Adoliih No. 1 ‘221 Breidinyr Heirs No. 2 and 7 ’ o Brij>hton. Well near 481 Brink, Wells near 1(>', 17:5. 1>2 Brocknnier, W. C , Record by '280 Bvook(! County well I'e.'ords _'.121-:5 Brooks No. 1, analysis of ma erial from 410 Brooks well No. 1 111 Biookover, M. E. No. 4 ...lO? Brothers Island well No. 1 '280 Brown, U. H, No. 12 and i:5 :5'2() Bi'own, A.No. 1 • 20<> Brown, G. W. No 1 100 Bi-own, Henry No. 1 J27 Bi'own, Luther No. 1 272 Bi'own w 11, Kentucky 197 Brown, Wells near -ill Bruhn, John No. 1, 2 and ;5 210 Buck, .1. S well No. 1 202 Buck, J’. .1. No. 1 210 Bucy, well No. 4...—. 277 Bullman, well No. o 201 Bumlill, No. 1, •2.-:5 and 4... .'2.01-2 Burj^e, .Joshua No. 1 I 'u Burley, A. L. No. 1 221 Burley, Lindsey No i. 211 Burner, George well No. 1 ;5 >1 Burn.s, C . 1-.. No. 1 18(5 Bqinsville, Wells near 91-2 Burning SpriiiKa. dt'.struction of indiistry .--'dii Burnii'a' Sprinv.’-H, discovery by G. W ashiuRtou.. 2 Burning Si)rings, Rathbone’soper- ations -21 Burning- Springs, Wells near..40J-4, 100 Burt wells No. '.i and 11... b'>') Burton, Wells near. 170-9 Bush, C. B. No. 1 282 Bush .1, C. No. 1 and 2 282 . Butcher, Calvin No. 1 ..4c7 Bulclu'r E. S. No. 1 147 But(di(n-, .1. N. No. 1 157:5 Butcher, VL T. No. 1 408 Butler Co. Pa. well records ...88-90 C (^abell County Well Records 482-90 Cabell Oil & Gas Co., Record by 491 Cain, J. C. No. 7 219 Cain, John No. 1 ..218 (htin, Samuel, No.l 1310 Cain, S. R. No. 184 Cairo Sand, Horizon of 424 Cairo. Wells near .4130-8 ("ale, William, Itecord by 471 (’Hlf Creek Oil Co., Record by 278 Calhoun County well records. ..:39l-4"2 Camden, S. tt. .q. 1 Jetj Ctamden, Wells near :3;')7 Camden, tV. L. No. 1 :396 Cameron, Wells near 21.9 Campbell J. W. No. 1 109 Campb( 11 Run, tVells near 107-8 Campl)ell Run Sand, true horizon 147-8 Cannon, N. F. No. 1 4i() Cargill well 482 Carll, Prof. John F. ..80, 273 Carnegie Natural Gas Co., Rec- ords bv 149, 282, »&c. C rr, M. J. No. 1 2 0 Carroll Sand, Highest geologically in W. V^a 491, 431 Carter, Amos No. .9 3‘2.9 Cart r, ,1. D. No. 1 49:5 Carter (til Co. well records. 170, 18", &c Cascara, Wells near '2.'''2, 2.'.7 Ciisey, John No. l.-i ...:50, (lasto, L). N^>. 1 ;'.7 Ca to well No. 1 407 C.itlettsburg, Kv., Well near 497 Calskiil, top of l)i*vonian Beds 80 ('entennial well No. 0, Cow Run 270 Cent( rpoint. Wells near 281 Centerville, Wells near '292 Ciuitral (.ity Well 499 Central Station, Wells near ;5"'2-l Chamberlain, J No 1 189 t, hainbcu-s, ,J . A. & S. L No. 1.. 219 Chambers, Lewis No 1 :.17 Chapman, L. G. No. 1 297 Chapman well No. 1 '291 Character of W. Va Petroleum 909 Charleston well .901 Charleston well at Lock No. 4 900 Chemical Composition of Natural Gas 91::-.97 Chemistry of Kansas Natural Gas. .997 Chemung and Hamilton beds 82 Cherry ( amp, VVhdls near ..:>17 Chess, \\ ilJiam A.No. 2 281 Ciie.'ter, Wells near 2:39-7 C'ln sterville. Well near 402 ( hisleu', Joan No. 1 :502 Chuichville, Wells near. .:3(i0 Ciiif.ens Natural Gas Co., Record by :391 Clmfe, iVtuierdius No. 2 29:5 Claiksburg, Weils near :5'28-9 Clay County well records 473-9 C'iayi ()r>l. Milt, well 110 Clayion, A A. No. 1 427 Clayton, B. b. No. 1 :370 Clendeuin, Wells near 474 618 INDEX Cleveland, Well near ;}93 Clovis, L. li. & S. S. No. 1 i;i7 Clovis, K. S. No. I i48 Coffindatfer, A. No. 2 and 3 336-7 CotEman, Felix No. 1 311 ColEinan, James No. 1 28 Coldwater, Wells near 295, 36>, 368 Cole, C.jF , Records by 484-91 Cole farm well, Jiarbour Co 348 Collins, Creed No. J 408 Collins, J. C. No. 1 and 5 ;i71-2 Collins, Samuel No 3 281 Compton, W. H. No. 1 ...457 Conaway, A No. 14 14u Conaway, A. No. 15 1.57 Conaway, Wells near 250 Condit, Sarah No 1 172 Conemaui?-h Series 77 Connor, Amanda B. No. 1.. .376 Connor well No 1 1.54 Connor, W. W. No. 1 and 2 491- i Conroy, Dennis No. 4_. 367 Conway Deep well, near Franklin, Pa... 86 Cook well on French Creek 28" Coon. Robert W. No. 1 328 Cooper, J. P. No. 1 212 Copley, John No. 1 369 Copley, M.’s Heirs 369 Corbly, A. I . No. 1 2.52 Cornell well No. 1 397 C(U-nwalli8, Wells near i'28-9 CosKray, H. K. No. 1 200 CottaKeville, Well near 476 Cottrill Heirs No. 1 367 Court House District Lewis Co. wells in 369-373 Courtney & McDermott, Records by 134, 116, 97 Courtri^ht, A. L No. 1 ..217 Cow Run Sand, true horizon 272 Cox, 1) H. No. 4 197 Cox, W. H. No. 1,2 anO 4 :'77 Craigr, Joseph VV., R- cords by ...116, 120, 122 Creel, Bushrod W. Oil Sales .19- ’0 Cross Roads, Wells near 112-5 Crumps Bottom well 504 Culloaen, Wells near '*■^5 Cunningham, B W. No. 3 322 Cunningham, Thomas No. 1, rock pressure .69 Cunningham well No 1 l 8 Cunningham W. N. well ^73 Curry, Rebecca No. 1 to 4 ml D Darrah, A. No. 7 1 lO Davenport, John A. No I, I, •> JOi- . Davidson, J. H. No. 6 and 7 ..138 Davis, A A. No. 1 and 2 :9l Davis, Milton No. .5, Doddridge- Cj. 9" Davis, Milton No. 1, Harrison Co ..312 Davis, R. G. No. 3 :93 Davis, Silas No. 1 22 - Davisson, M. No. 2 29. Davisson, R. S. No. 1 'i2t Dawson, Jjimes H. No. 1 and 2 216 Dawson, William No. 2. b''6 Day brook. Well near 1.3' Dayton. A. G., Record by Ml Dean, Well near 2 3 Deepest producer in world.-. Ill Deepest well in U. S ..lOl-s Deep Valley, Pa, Well near i2j Degree lines, Significance of 64 Dclmng, Eliza No. 1 to .5 277 Dennison, A F. No. 1 ...313 Dent, W. H No. 1 373 Deval farm well 461 Devaney, Tliomas No. 1. 291 Devors Fork, Wirt ('o.. Well near ..46.5 Dewhurst, J. B. No. 6 192 Dickent^ W. R. No. 1 171 Dillon, John No. 1 .331 Dobbs, W. H. No. 3 219 Doddridge County well rec'»r(l8-28i- t04 Dolan, No. 1 and 3. 442 Doulan, William E. No 2 373 D^'ugherty well No. 2, Butler Co 89 Douglass, A. M. No. 2... 437 Downing, Maria’s Heirs No. 1 226 Drilling Craze, Spread of ‘23 Drilling Mehy. Inventions 2 Dulaney, L. E No. 1 189 Dunfee well No 14 262 Dunkard Sands, true horizon 187 Dunkard Series 74-8, 2<.t6 Dye, George W No. 1... 183 Dye, well No. 1 454 E Earseman, Wrn. A 48 Eddy, Georgia No. 1 .146 Eddy, James No. 7 241 Eddy, Sarah E. No. 1 142 Edwards, Alonzo No. 1, pressure of-71 Edwards, W. S 501 Edwards, Wm S. 69 Kfaw, Wm. G. No. 3 and 8 159-160 Klizabeth Sand, Record showing. ..152 Elizabeth Wells near 467-8 Klk Fork Field, Tyler Co..-24U-l;249-252 Elk River « dl k Gas Co .472 Flkton Oil Co , Record by 494 Ellenboro, We'l near 409 Elliott, C. G., Record by.... ....319 Ellsworth Dist. Tyler Co 248-2f>0 Elm Grove. Wells near .225-6 Esehenbacker No. 2 and 3 4.53 Eureka, Well near 280 Evans, D T., Record by 502 I vans, Hugh No 1 338 Evans, Hachel No. 1 166 Evans well No 21.-. 90 C'-ving Heirs No 1 ..145 F Faherty, Patrick No. 1 362 ahey, M. A. No. 3. 361 Fahey, Michael No 1 362 Fairmont & Grafton Gas Co 328 Fiiirview, Wells near.. 140, 156-7 F 'lis Mills, Wells near ..256 F.'rreil Heirs No 1. ...180 Farrow, 1). C. No. 1 457 T'ayetteCo. Pa well records 114-116 Fayette Co. Gas. Co., Records by. .116 ‘^aytte Co. W. Va w'cll records. .501 -3 Fearless Oil Co., Record by 319 Federal Oil Co., Record by 354 Ferriferous Limestone HI, 237 Fiokey, Fred No. 2, 8, 8 438 Fischer, Chas. No I 298 Fisher Oil Co., Records by *261 Fislier well No. 1 - -386 Fissure, Rock, Etfeet of 62 Fissure, Shale, EfEect of.. 63 Fdtro, Silas No. 2 292 Flaherty, John No. 1 3ii5 INDEX Oil) Vl^mnajriui Hcir:^ f'-jis well lOij Flaiii\:mjin well, by Hoilon Lt C()..10U FlaiiiuiKini, Ziuiri No. 1 and Ki Flat lliin ^dl Fool, Marion _l.i‘i-ir.o Flat llun Oil I’ool, MononK’alia.-l ’(">-9 F4at Hun, Wells near 169-172 Fleniintrtt>n (''oal t'o. No. 1 ...5140 Fleming-ton well, 2 mi N. of Flesher, Felix No 6 ■..2.')1 Flesher, W. A. No. 1 440 Flower', K. A. No 1 and 2 224 Fluctuation in Production, Mean- itifr of 28 Fluhartv, Wiley No. 2 189 Folg-er, Israel No. 1 2)'i Folsom, Wells near 184-6, 3"5 Foltz, S. F. No. 1 and 6 470 Fore, E. A. No. 2 402 Formula for Natural Gas meas- urement 82 Fort Pitt Gas Co 148 Fourth Sand Belt, Monong-alia,.143, 148 Francis, E. B. No. 1 232 Francis, M J No. 1 289 Franklin, Pa , Well near 86 Freeland, E. C No. 2 2'>.') Freeland, E. .T. No. 1 .. 166 Freeland, U.T. No. 1 and 2 3V6 Freemansburg-, Well near .68 Freeman’s Creek Dist. Lewis 360-8 Freeport, Upper, Coal, presence of. 301 Fretts. A. E., Record by 17'’) Freutel well No. 1 491 Friendly, Well near 266 Frohnapfel, A. J. No. .6 21 ' FroiiKh, Martha No. 1 316 Frum, Geo IT. G Fruni) No. 1 28^ Fuel Savinj? Devices I'^-l Fulmi^r, Catherine No. 3 240 Fultz, ,1. M. No. 4 and 6 32' Funk, Michael, well, rock pressure. 70 Furbee, Aaron No. 1 bs6 Furbee, J. H. No 2 16] Furbee well No. l... 668 Furry well No 4 412 G Gabbert, Mary E. No. 1 ..29'! Gallatiher, VV'm. No. I.. 189 Garner, henry No. 3, I6, 9. .21 -3 Garner Poi)l, WetZ(d Co. 211 Garrett. Well near .14 Garrison, M. J. No. 1 147 Gas eiiM’iiie, comparison to others.. 12 Gas enf'ine. Economy of 4!-l Gas, Reservoir and shale. 68 Gas sand. Horizon of 410 Gaskins, .Joseph No. i ‘287 Gaston, E. M. No. i .3' 0 Gaston, Enoch No. i 331 Geolo>4-y of Natural.Gas 49-62 Gerlock, Hcmry Nb. 1 ...19! liibson.C. K. No. 1 ...361 Gillingham, Gi'orae No. 1 182 Gilmer Co. well retau'ds 376-388 Gist, l>an P., Itecords by.. 476, 479 Glassixdl, A. No. i.. ..28:1 Glen ville District, Gilmer Co 376-381 Glover, Alpheus No. 1 246 Glover, .lasper N. No. .247 Glover’s Gap, Wells near. 161-6 Goft', I'.. P. No. 1 4‘28 Golf & Heck No. 1 469 Golf, L. t !. No. 1 .4-28 Gooden, A. F No.i 362 Goo Hill, J. K. No. 4 and 11 49 Hindman, Ada No. 1 233 Holbrook, AVells near 424-5 Hollidays Co\e, Well near 2 7 Holland, J W. No. i.... 134 Holmes, M M. No 1 25.) Holmes, Sarah A. No. 8 26'. Holt, W. B No. I 441 Hope Natural Gas Co., Records by 126, 1511, &c. Hopkins, bauuy No. i anU j i„y Horner, Peter, No. 2Dind 3 243 Hostutler, Jackson No i 177 Howard, C. D., letter, & analyses--553-6 Hiibbardstown, Well near 498 Hudnall well No. I 378 Hughes Hiver Petroleum History__17 Hukill, E. M , Record by . 47.-3 Hundred-Foot Sand, type location_9r) IDint, Dr. T. Sterrj' 52 Hurricane Oil A Development Co__48 Hurricane, Wells near 483 Hurst, W H. No I 3 3 Hutson, Jamison No. i a . I Ingram, John No. 3 9l Inventions, Drilling-& Pum]un,.;._,2, 2i Ireland, G M. 12 wells h2U-2 Irons, John No. 1 _92 J Jack, A. L. No ' 393 Jack’s hun, Wellon .>8 Jackson, A. H. No. 2 .3 Jackson Co. well record) 4, .7-9 Jacksojj. Prof. 'i . Al., Le^ els o.' -. a Jacksonburg-, Wells neai .99-2'" Jacobs, W. K 72 Jamison, Helen M. No. 1 i,5 Jennings, E. H. A Bros., hecords by 2i 6, 15 Joe’s Crossing-, Well near 3.91 Joetown, Wells near iVi- . Jolinson, F At. No. i i.>3 Jollille, J. U. No. 2 _...I9.. Jollille, S. L. No. 1 180 Jollytown, Pa, Wthlsnear 12<)-7, 1 9 Jones, Brent S. No, i i5l Jones, Catharine No. 1 and 4 260 Jones, Emma No. 1 3' 3 ,lones, L. 1',. No 1 3"1 Jones A Laughlin No. i 98 Joseph, W. W. No. 1 2.54 .loyce, Kllen No. 1 368 Joyce, Timothy No. 1 363 K Kanawha Black Flint .501-'2, 505 Kanawha Co. Well Ht'cords 50) -1 Kanawha, Great, Valley, Inven- tions in 2 Kanawha Oil Co., Records by ‘260 Kanawha Station, Wells near 417 Kane, Ed. No. 1 301 Kansas Natural Gas, Chemistry of. .5.57 Keener Heirs No. '23 'iO:! Kelley. Fes t us No 1 4-J4 Kelly, Wells near ‘295, 30o Kendall, Z. No. 3 163 Kenna. AVell near 477 Kennedy, AV. W. No. 3 140 Kentuck, AVell Near 1' 7 Kentucky Well Kecords 497-9 Kidwell, Wells near... -249 .2.52, ‘26 s Kilgore Creek, AVell on 487 Kimble, A. D. No. 1 193 Kinchloe Creek, AATdl on 333 King Creek, Hancock Co., ACells on 234-5 King, J F. No. 1 ‘248 King, J. G No. 3 ‘249 Kirkpatrick, W. S. No. 1, (Gilmer) ..376 Kirki)atrick, AV. S. No 1, LeAvis Co. .372 Knight, J R No. 1 424 Krenn, Joseph, No. 3 361 Kuhn, Lewis Nos. 1 and 2 1‘2.5 Kunst, A. H., Hecord by 355 L Lafayette District, Pleasants Co. .27.8-6 Lambert,.!. L No. 1 3)'9 Lambert, ,J. L. No 2 305 Langtit, Silas No. 3 ‘28.5 Lantz, Zue No. 2 !94 liargest gas Avell at pi esent tinu' 73 Largest gas wtdl e\cr struck W. Va..69 Largest oil well ever struck W,\Ti.368 l.aw, David G No. 1 .427 Law, L. A. No. 1 -383 L lAvford, Wells near 4‘27-8 l..'wson, A. D.No. 6 336 ijcach, A. S. No 1 ‘2‘22 Liaich, Lem No 1 2-2:> Leading Creek, AA’ell on 394 Jice, J. C. No. 10 431 Lee well No 6 431 Leczer well No. 1 179 Leggett, S. ]-*. No 1 361 Lemasters, F. Al. Nos. 1 and 2 '217 Lemasters, J. A. No 1... ‘203 Lemasters, Jiisper No. 6 216 Lemasters, Lida, No. 3 ‘203 Jvemley, C. Me., Hecords by 314-6 Ivcmley A Hibbs, Nos. 1, ‘2, :ind 3 161 Lemley, Isaac No. 2 ... 13.9 Lemmon, F .1 . No. 1 113 Lemmon, Salalhiel No 1 137 Lemmons, L. No 1 143. Lemon, Geo. S. Early operations by. 17 Leoiioid, Well near 397 Letart, Well luair 179 LcAvis county avcII rcv ords 353-37.5 LcAvis, J. Al. No. 1... INDEX (121 r,('y»l('n, .loliii No. , "(w Dis* , Mnrsluill ('o... liifo of )m oil woll ‘i:> Ijiiiu'stoju', \V<'11 near 2J:’> Littio Ivaiiawiia, Kofiioii S W of (>1 Iattl(‘ Kanawha Peiroleiiiti History 17 latth'ton, Wt'lls inair IS2--! Mvnly, Win. E No 1 ...:5S| lavin^'ston, A. H No. 2 Loo itinu- Oil and (Jus Pools. 17 r.ockn('y, H. C. No, 1 'm T.onfi-. A. No. 1 ..I'.ll lionir Ileaoh. Well near (Kl Tionti- linn, Well near ‘id fiOSt Oia'ek, Well near a:'. 1 liOnjih, (diristian No. a 215 Lon^’h J No. I 21.5 Louisa, Well near lltS Lovett, .T. B. No 1 ;?5,S JiOvett, M. J. No 1 ait Ijowther, J P. No. 2 aiil LoAvther, W. L No i 117 Lubec & Lehman Well 151 Lumberport, Well near 227 L5nich well No 4 2S1 Jivons, A F. M. No 1 2sr) Lyons, C V. No 1 . 2S() Lytton, Well near 272 Macfarlan, WeP near ..-442 'Vlackey J H. No 1 214 Mahaney Heirs No 8 4 7 Majorsville, Wells near 227-220 Makin Nos 1 to 4 45 "-1 Mallorv Rios. & Stewart Ulls-'.) Maiiflell Oil & Oas Co., Records by-2 8 Manniiifrton Experinn'iit, Effect of.OO Manninjrton nil ppeld, History of.. 5i-i) Manniiif^ton, Wells near "...’.W-Pil Mannion, Micduiel No. 2 185 Maple. John No 4 17!» Marion Co w
n Sanel, true* horize)n 18 • Ma.xwell. Bre'iit Ne). 2 .158 Ma.xwell H-'irs Ne). i), Lewis Co 2(^,5 Muxwe'll Heirs No. 1 nitchie Co 421 Maxwell, .JanuiS Ne). 1 205 Maxwell, W. B. No. ' •.415 Maxwell, We'll ne'ur.. 75 Maylie'lej, .1 G No 1 2 0 Meade; District, Marshall Ce) 22('-i Me'aele'Disi I'ict, Tyler Ce)... ..25i'-l ,Me;‘ae) \ iile. Well ne'.ar 2'2 M< ans, I . N. No. i :;7'> Me'iii ley well No 10 ..255 Me'llin, We'll ne'iir 141 Me're;e;r-Pe)()l No. 1. 272 Mertz, J H. No. 1 2.2 Me'tz, James Nos. 1, 2 and 4 20.5 Mc'tz we'll Ne). 1 .. ;j04 Middle; Island Cre;ek Re‘aie)n..2..r)”27{) Middle'be)nrn(;, W(;ll near 248 Mile;tu8, Weil n(;ar.. jjOJ Miller, Ph’eelerick Ne)8 1, 2 anel 4 444-5 Miller,.! M. No 1 ’ hh Miller, M. A. Ne). 8 ‘.''.‘.'.‘.104 Mill(;r & Siblev, Rece)rd by 4(;'> Miller, Wtn. No 1 ...^.'.''1225 Mills, .Joiin, ^ Avells od-S Milton Field, tVells in 484-404 Mine'ral, Wei Is near 22 -2, 5.7 MiiiMhall, F. W _io, 5', 4a5 Miracle Run, Wei s near iijo Moats .Jacob No. 1 410 Moats wells 4;}7 Me)bley, Well near i«o Monong’ahela Series 75-7 Monon,e>-alia Co. well rei^ords :H-I.50 MoTita’orae'ry Nos. 2 to 5 451 Me)oe1y, J. W. No 1 Me)ore, E’s. Heirs Ne). 1 107 Moore, J. J. No. 2 ”l20 Moore, R. J. No 1... 4(5s Moore, Simon No. 1 107 Morgan, E. C No. 1, Pressure e)f 50 Me)rg-!Ui, F F. No. 1 201 Me)r<»-an Heirs No. 1 '200 Morgan, ,T D. Nos. 11 and 2i‘. ..105 Morjxan, J. K. No. l iS' Morg-an, Nimroel Nos. 1. 2, 2, 5, 7.. 152-2 Mora’ansville, Well near 201 Meerris well No. 2 .'(;4 Meirris, well near 4147 Me)rris, Win., Invention eif jars by. .10 Me)rrise)n we 1 No 7 407 Mei'ind Coal Co. well Nos. 1 and 2.222-4 Me)undsville, Wells near 222-4 Me)untain Regions 52 Meiwry, Win Nos. 1 anil 2 -02-4 “Mud oil” IS Muffney, Annie' No, 1 .'..1‘15 Mullady, Ihirr No 11 25‘.) Mundae , Well near _457 Murphy, .lames No. 2 :{7() Murphy, S C Ne) 1. 242 M uri)hyte)wn. Wells ne;ar 45 -7 Musanive. .! W No 1 2.52 Myers, Elijah Ne) (> ..,247 Myers, Stephen Ne) 1 Me Me‘CaInie)nt Oil Co., Rece)rd by 42, 4 McC ain well No. 1... 477 McC earjM'arm wen, Butl{;r (k) s<.) McC eary we;il No. i 2 ;> McC el an Dist., l)oddi'idf*e Co 281-7 McCoach Oi: Ce)., Ri'ceird by ...185 Mc('e)nauahev wed Ne) I...1 157 McConkey, ./ace)!) No 1, Pressure anel receird 72-221 Me;Ce)y He'irs Ne). 1 ...211 McCeiy, W, .1., Pressuri' e)!'. 5<) McCuiieuiKh, F T No. 2 2 2 McCut(;hee)n, C. W. No. 5 271 Mcl)e)na d. Pa., e)il lielel, ...112 Mcl'hroy Dist.. O'y ler Ce) 211, 2(5-7 McE'roy, Joseph, web loo McGre'fror, Ne)8 1, 5 and 5.. 125 Me Kim, Webs near ‘2,52 Mi'.Mil an, Samuel Nos. 2 and l 21.'-;’, Mi'Peak, Ne)S 1, 2 aiul :t _15;{ MePhearson W. .!, No 1 457 McPIierson, Ikias Ne). 1. 150 622 INDEX / Mclloj'no’ds, Wm 3_ IH‘2 N Natural Gas first used m’f’g- pur- poses .13 Natural Gas, Geoioi^y of Horizons, Table of-.H-l-o Measurement .31-10 Transportation of. ..3(1-1 Waste of 20-3') Netzer, Jacob No. 1 3 i 0 New Freeport, Wed near i y New Milton Dist., Doddridg-e Co.. y'-15 New York Petroleum Co., Kecords by '.y-i Newbanks, L. M Nos. 1 to n 4iy-150 Newburif weii :;-12 Newman, 8. No. 3 182 Newman, Wm. No. 3 18:3 Niohoison, D. H. No. 1 y.T Nicholson, W. H., Record by 3 49, 392 Nineveh, Wells near ‘ l;30-i Noite, Jos. No- 1 '18 Norris, David No 0 1!C Norris, J. 3 No. 1 3.i9 Nutter, C. W. No 1 i2'i O O’Day, James No. 1 181 Ogden, James No i 308 Og-den, Si as No. 1 :t)0 Oxdin, Noah No. 2 451 Ogdln, Wells near . 448, lo-i-l Ohio Co. well records 230-1 Oil Creek, Well on 392 Oil Gravity tables 510-512 Oil, Ligrhtest in State 224 Cii Production, Pa., Statistics 2(>-S Oil Production, W. Va.’s Future ‘28 Oil Production, W. Va. Statistics. -.25 Oil and Gas Horizons of W. Va I'O-O Oil and Gtts, Necessary conditions for existence 62 Oil and Gas Poo s, Relation of W. Va , to Geo og-icai Structure. ..60-1 Oil well, first in W. V«, ->2 Oil well, life of 23 Oiiphant, F. H 25, 26-8,31, 41,8-1-5 Olive, Well near 310 Oxford, Wells near .I'd, 417-418 Painter, J. & Sons well '0i Pa mer, John No 7 193 Palmer, J. W. No. 2 il2 Parsons, J. M No. 369... Patterson, H. L. No. 1... Patterson, J. W. No 1... Patterson. Robert No. 1 Penhaie, J. W., Record by 500 P* nick. Bishop No 3 194 Penick, Mary A. No. 2, Wetzei 210 Penick, Mary A No. 5, Tyler ..247 Pennsboro, We Is near l’os-9 Perrine, Amos No. 1 426 Perry-Davis Nos. 1, 2 and 6 12:’> Petro cum, Earl.v discovery of 14 Early History of 14-6 Early operations 17 Ear.y use of 16 Great increase pro- duction 25-6 Petroleum, Method of occurrence. .45 Quantity to acre 46 Recent History 24 Sales by B. W. Creel.. 19-20 Station. Wen near 439 P'-tro ia. Pa., Wells near 88-92 Phi aide phia Co., Records by ...273 Phi ippi well No. 2 ... 344 Pliiliips, Francis C., Paper by .)13-552 Phillips, S. B. No. 1 112 Pigg-ott, Seth No. 1 :510 Pino Grove, Wells near •20.5-6 Piney Fork, Wei s near 2n6-211 I'ioneer, Well near 222 Pipe lines, comparati »e value of di tie rent sizes. Tab e of 35-6 Pipe lines. Multipliers for, of oth- er diameters than Finch 39 Pittsbu g. Wells near 98-1' 7 Pleasants Co. well recor is 268-281 Pium Run region, Marion 15.5 Plum Run region, Ty er 254 Pium Run of McKim Creek 2.56 Pocono Sandstone 79 Poe, J L. No. 9 .5;> Point P easant. Wells near 4>-l Polan, E. J. No 1 289 Poling well No. 1 .462 Pollock well No 5 1.52 Pontius & Stiles, Records by iv.-T Pool. J L No. 2 .273 Poo., W. I). No 1 202 Porter. Wm. No i 149 Postiethwait, Peter No . 2 2o4 Postlethwait, R J No 3 04 Po t ts vi 1 1 e Conglomerate 78 Powell, B. C .\o. 1 304 Powel'ton well 502 Pratt, J. M. No 1 -.289 Pratt, S. W. No. 3 -.78 Pratt well No 1 .. 45' Pi-esronCo. well records >42-4 Pribbie. F. No. 2 ... 443 Price, James No. i 170 Price, Z. M. No. 2 184 Prices of oil in 1855-7 2’' Prickett, R. B. Nos. i and 4 .'45 Pritchard, Jolin No 1 118 Pritchard, M. R. No 1 118 Proctor District, Wetzei Co 12-3 Production, Meaning of fluctua- tion in 28 Province, Joseph No. 1 180 Prunty, A exander No. 1 4i8 Prunty field. We is in 418-120 - l\)\J ^ XMJ. i I’rnntv, Lee No 1 . 119 '*>7 Primtytnwn Well 3: ’>8 .•236 Pniiman, Well near 117 T’liniping weds invention 21 323 Furman, Mary A. No 1 21 •>95 Pursley, Wed near '268 Putnam Co. wen records 182-3 Q Quantity of Petro eum to Acre 16 Queen, Emmet, Records by 108-1 il R •199 118 ■2(3) Racine Dist Boone Co.. Ralston gas wen Ram ey, E. M No I Ratlibone Bros, Driiiinj orations of 21- Rathbone Tract, 500-Ft. well 61 12 Opera- INDKX 023 !{('(! Hill, Well near If)!! l{o(l HoiiS(i Wi'll is:{ liedd, wiMl Ill K»H'd, H. Ij. No. 1 IJdS l{(‘OSO, .1. A. No. 1 USlt lUdliy, .loiin .) Nos. 1 aiui .S .’(lit Reilly, Mary .1 No. 1. 2('lt Reservoir and slia e yas.. .(>8 Re.v, Rif M. No 1 1.52 Rlioda, Weills nc'ar Rice, Henry Heirs No 1 Kill Rich, Fred S., Record by lilil Richards, Geoi-ye T. No. 2lM Riciiardsou, We Is near... ...lOl-.' Richmond, E. .1., No I .'27 Richmond, L. . I No. 1 ISd Richmond, S. A Nf)s 5 and 1 ido-li Riciiter, Gustav No. ' ...27 Riftee, I N Nos. 1 to 4 84-5 iiig-don well No. 2 1*J8 Rig-htmire, Nos 1. (i and H 552-:? Ritchie Co. wed records 402-145 Ritchie Mines, Wells near 442-5 Roane Co. Web records 108-473 Roberts Bros. No. 1 lo:? Robinette web No 1 ;4;)2 Robinson, B F. Nos i and i 2'ti Robinson, Genine No. 4" 181) Robinson Mills, Web near 184 Robinson, Prof S. W 51 Robinson web No 1 517 Rock Pre.ssure of gas webs (i.5-71 Rogers, John W No. 1 40" Rogers, T !»., No 1... .510 Rogers, W. A. No 2 .:?1(1 Rose farm wen No i ...540 Roseiiys Rock well .^25 Roseda e, We Is near :>>s8-:?‘K) Rowel’s Run, Wen on loi Ruckman, A. No > '78 KuUner liros , Ear y operations of .5-15 Rush, John H. No. 5 .2"5 Rusfi wen No i 584 Rusk, Well near 159 Russell, J No 51... -21):? Russell web No. 1 ’lit Ryan, A. E No. l 115 S Sago SLalion, Well near 351 Salem, Wells nea r.290, 20 2. 31 3-3 1 G Salt water, I'resence of 47 Sammons, ilossel No. 2 128 Sample, llarv('y No. 1 474 Sancho C’reek region 255 Sand Fork reg’ion, Lewis Sand oil IS Sandyville w(dl 471! Santee, John No. 5 178 Sardis T)ist., Hariison Co. 308-310 Scott, 5'homas No. 1 383 Scrafford, 11. L. Gravitv tests 5(10-511 Seckman, John No. 2 252 Sedalia.AVells near. 282-1, 311 -312 Shaffer, Thomas J)., Records by 328-0 Shaffer. W. S.. Records by... 225 Shahan, 11. J. No. 1 282 Shakely, H. P. well 02 Shanks, .Tohn No. 4 and 5....1G1 Sharp, Well No. 1 278 Shattuck, Charles No. 10 and 20 454-5 Shaughtiessey, P. No. 1 280 Shingleton, W. J. No. 1 275 Shingleton, well No. 11 275 Shough, Winona No. 1 178 Sliowalter, T. J. No. 2 and 4.204-5 Shreve, J. R. No. 12 205 Sh river, Abe No. 1, Pressure of GO Shriver, Sol. No. 1 17G Sidell-Moore, No. 1 and 2.... 202 Silver Hill, Well near 200 Simmons, Dav'id No. 1 471 Simpson Creek, Well on 330 Simpson, Jacob No. 1 126 Sim[)Son, well No. 1 465 Sincerity, Wells near ..180-1,201 Siscersville, Wells near . . . . 262-G Sliding Hill Run. Well on.... 378 Smith, Clark No. 1 255 Smith. Dick No. 1 330 Smith, F. E. No. 1 287 Smith, 82. V. No. 1 312 Smith, G. W. well 07 Smith, Harvev No. 1 301 Smith, H. L. No. 54 1 86 Smith, H. L. No. 20 and 41.. 191-2 Smith, J. G. No. 6 and 9 254 Smith, John TI. No. 3 130 Smith, Martha No. 3 325 Smith, Tom No. 1 262 Smithfield region 186-0 SiTiithville, Wells near 440-1 Snodgrass, F. S. No. 7 102 Snodgrass, Imsetta No. 1 166 Snodgrass, W. G. No. 1 170 Snyder, Mike No. 2 172 Somerville, .T. T. No. 2 204 Sommers, M. M. No. 7 373 Sommerville, Jas. 5'. No. 1....425 South Penn Oil Co., Records by 1 28, 287, 373, &c. Southern Oil Co., Record by.. 334 Spef chley Sand, relations etc. 03-4 Spencer, \'ST'lls near 470-1 Spragg, S. L. S. No. 1 150 Stadler, Tjoopold No. 1 36 5 Starnbaugh, W. well 100 St.an berry, 81. M., Records by 401, 403 Star Oil & Gas Co., Record by 315 St archer, J. C. No. 2 365 Stark, S. No. 6 286 Starkey, 82dith No. 1 326 Starkey, W. R No. 3 185 Starr, James No. 1 416 Statistics of Production, W. V.a. and P.a 24-8 St. Cl.ara, Well ne.ar 208 St. Cloud, Well near 150 Stealey, Mary A. No. 1 218 Stearns, Simon No. 1 444 SteeR's Ttiin Pool 202 Stein, Gertrnde No. 5 218 Sterling Oil Co. well No. 10..47!» Stewai-t, Robert No. 1 25G SHles, W. J. Jr,, Inv'entions of. 21 St ine.spring, W. Tj. No. 1 304 St. Joseph, Wells near 218-9 St. T.eo, Wells mair 147-0 Se Marvs, Well ne.ar 270 Stoneking, D. well 242 G24 INDEX Stout, J. S. No. 2 188 Stout, W. M. No. 8 Stouts Mills, Wells near .. 37 i -380 Straight, A. B. No. 2 ........194 Str'*’’ Generalized section of W. Va 74-83 Sti'iChier, Dempsey No. 1 131 Strosnider, Milo No. 1 144 Strother, A. J. No. 1 32 i Strucv;iral lines, safest to follow Stuck, L. D. No. 1 ...20 3 Stumptown Oil & Gas Co. No. 3 and 4 oo^'r Stumptown, Wells near Summers Co. well records .. 504-y Sun Oil Co., Record by Sutton, P. No. 4- •-.‘o' ■ r Sweeney, M. C. No. 1 and 3...4ofi Swiger, J. D. No- 4 ••••••V’-fin Syndicate Oil & Gas Co.. 150, li8 T Tables, Comparative capacity ^ of pipes Tables, Multipliers for pipe, for diameters other than 1 Tables, Discharge of gas cor- responding to mercury col- umn and gauge Piifssure . . . . 39 Tables, Specific gravity of t,a3 corresponding to -water pressure J ’ ' VM Tables, Succession ot Talbott, N. M No 1- Talkington, G. W. No 6. 208 Talkington, daylor. No. 2 iso Tallman, C. C. No. 1 Tallman, P. A. No. 1 Tallyho, Well near 448 ?:a?hS’’Cm^wen''?ecords ’. '.3371342 Teays Valley Oil & Gas Co... 48^ Teays Valley, Well in Ten Mile Dist., garrison ^Co.^^^ Te'nnant,' Marion No. 1 135 Teter, Chas. F., Record by.... 844 Thirty-Foot Sand, true Thistle, Dr. J. L. No. S, 9 Thistle” (Gillespie) No. 5 262 Thompson, E. No. 1 Thompson, Heirs No. 1, Mar- shall 1 ■ ■ ■ k' V ^ Thompson, Heirs No. 1 and *, Tyler Thompson, Judge well Thompson, Perry, Record by. .848 Thompson, well No. 1 114 Toll Gate well. Cabin run 406 Toothman, Sanford No. 1.....1P^ Touner, Joseph, Records by.4«2-o Triple State Oil & Gas Co 40.1 Triplett, P. No. 1 378 Triplett, Wells near . .4(.J Troy Dist. Gilmer Co Tucker Creek, Well on 4 (j7 Turkey-foot Oil Pool 234 Twyman, G. W. well 439 Tygarts \ -alley Mineral & Oil Co 344 Tyler Co. well records ...237-268 U Ufilngton, Well near 133 UndcrvNOOd, H. S. No. 1 243 Xhiderv/ood, Jacob No. 4, Tyler 243 Ilnderwood, Jacob No. 9, Dod- dridge 285 Underwood, M. V. No. 1 288 Ilnderwood, Robert No. 1 & 2.232 Union Oil Co., Records by. 278, 449 Union Dist., Harrison Co... 335-7 Union Dist., Tyler Co 267 ITnion Dist., Wood Co. .. 4 4 9- 152 United States Coal & Oil Co.. 477 1 nited States Oil Co., Records by 335, 453 Upshur Co. well records .. 348-353 V Va-Ken-O. Oil & Gas Co. Rec- ord by 489 Van Camp, Well , near 24(^ Vandergrift, J. J 48 Vandergrift, T. J., Record by. 112 Vandervort well No. 1 393 Venango Co. Pa. well records.. 86 Venango Oil Sand Group 87 Victor Oil & Gas Co 241 Vienna Station, IVell near ...459 Virginia Oil & Gas Co 225-9 Volcano, Wells near 446-7 Volcano, well No. 46 447 Volcano well No. 1 Lot No. 47.446 Volume & pressure gas wells Volume gas wells, how meas- ured W Wadestown, Wells near ....146-8 Walker, J. D. No. 6 456 Wallace well No. 16 95 Wallace Wells, near 306-8 Walsh, Pcit No. 3 361 Walton Oil & Gas Co., Rec- ords by 484, 488 Walton well No. 1 488 Wanstreet, John No. 1 29 < Washington Co. Oliio, wells . 270-2 Washington Gen. Discovery gas spring 2, 11 Washington, Pa., Wells Wass, John No. 1 y’lrl Wavcrly, Wells near ....278, 452 Wayne Co. well records .... 496- < W.Lynesburg, Pa., Wells Webi), "Eliza J.’s Heirs No. 1 and 2 Webster Co. well records .... Weekley, Ada No. 2 2(5 Weeklev, Lloyd No. 1 24U Wells, A. 11. No. 1 W('Hs, Elias No. 1 & 8 2.> (^ W(dls, h\ R. No. 41 3 ;_> Wells Island No. 9, 10, 11.... 26.) INDEX 625 Wells, Jim, No. 1 2611 West Elizabeth, Pa., Well near 103 West Milford, Wells near . . 334-.5 West Union, Wells near .... 300-1 Weston Asylum well No. 1...355 Weston, Wells near ...354-6, 374 Wetzel Co. well records .. 176-213 Whaley, J. M. No. 2 407 Whaley, Thomas H. No. 1....275 Wharton, A. B. No. 1 455 Wharton, Ruth No. 1 & 2.... 454 Wheeling- Creek, Well near.. 231 Whetstone run. Well near ...160 Whiskey Run Oil Pool ...411-416 White, B. F. No. 1 241 White Day, Well near 151 White Sand oil 26 Whiteoak, Wells near 418, 420-2, 424 Wick, Wells near 254, 259 Wick, well 2 mi. S. of 257-9 Widner, John No. 1 213 Wilbur, Well near. 251 Wiley, Anderson No. 1 210 Wiley, George No. 1 211 Wiley, Robert No. 1 119 Wileyville, Wells near 202-5 Willey, John No. 1, 2 & 3 197 Williams, J. W. No. 1, 2 & 6.. 314 Williams, W. M. No. 1 297 Williamson Heirs No. 1 302 Williamson, W.S. No. 1 to 8.448-9 Williamstown, Wells near.. 457-8 Wilson, A. B. No. 2 466 Wilson Heirs No. 9 141 Wilson, J. N. No. 1 139 Winans, Wm. No. 1 358 Winfield, Well near 482 Wirt Co. well records 462-8 Wise, Well near 149 Wolf, G. W. No. 1 335 Wolf Summit anticline 319 Wood Co. well records ... 445-462 Wood, J. R.'No. 1 211 Woodburn, S. No. 1 241 Woodford well No. 1 354 Workman well No. 1 499 Worthington, .John ....69-70, 130 Y Yellow Creek, Well on 397 Yerkey, M. V. No. 1 409 Yost, J. P. No. 1 157 Young, Dorothy No. 1 319 Young, W. J 103 Z Zahneizer, M. L., Records by.. 279 Zahneizer, R. M., Records by.. 391 Zinn, G. P. No. 1 419 Zinn, M. B. No. 1 425 Zinn, M. G. No. 1 to 6 420