Official QflFb of anagrrs OF THE THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD FROM THE DATE OF ITS ORGANIZATION, "NOVEMBER ,., I.M. TO THE CLOSE OF ITS 'OND "...ON. SEPTEMBER 9, 1891, INCLUDING THE ACT OF CONGRESS, AND INFORMATION IN REGARD TO THE ACTION OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION AND OF THE CHICAGO DIRECTORY OF THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. OFFICIAL MANUAL OF THE Board of Lady Managers WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD FROM THE DATE OF ITS ORGANIZATION, NOVEMBER 19, 1890, TO THE CLOSE OF ITS SECOND SESSION, SEPTEMBER 9, 1891, INCLUDING THE ACT OF CONGRESS, AND INFORMATION IN REGARD TO THE ACTION OF THE WORLD'S COLUM- BIAN COMMISSION AND OF THE CHICAGO DIREC- TORY OF THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. CHICAGO : RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY. 1891. Wfi INDEX. PAGE Act Creating the Board of Lady Managers 13 Address, President T. W. Palmer 44 Address, Temporary Chairman, Mrs. Felton 49 Address, Mrs. President Palmer. 55 Address, Secretary 65 Alaska, Lady Managers 97 Alternates, Duties on Committees 135, 305 Appeal to Industrial Women 275 Auditing Committee 125 Auditing Committee, Report of 125 Auxiliary Work 274 Badges 136, 266, 285, 309 Badges, Committee on 283 Badges, Report of Committee 286 Badges, Resolution 266, 285 Board of Reference and Control in re Device - - 32 By- Laws 33 By-Laws, Committee on 97, 131 By- Laws, Report of Committee _ 1 1 1 By-Laws, Article 5, Power to Amend By-Laws 257, 287 By-Laws, Article 5, Report of Committee - - 287 By-Laws, Article 5, Report of Commission Committee 279 By-Laws, Article 6 290 By- Laws, Article 6, Report of Committee 3 2 By- Laws, Article 10 - 225 By-Laws, Article 10, Committee on _ - - - 225 By-Laws, Article 10, Report of Committee 231 By-Laws in re Standing Committees - -- - 225 By- Laws in re Standing Committees, Report of Committee 231 By-Laws in re Standing Committees, Resolution - - - 1 20, 297 By-Laws, Article n, in re Creation of Board of Lady Managers .. 21 Board of Lady Managers -- Censure of Discordant Proceedings - 282 Changes in Personnel - I2 Classification - Ior (Hi) iv Index. PAGE Classification, Committee on - ---257, 259 Classification, Report of Committee 291 Classification, Report of Committee Ordered Printed 305 Colored People, Delegation 129 Colored People, Resolutions 258 Colored People, Petition 117. 258 Colored People, Report of Committee 282, 299 Colored Women, Committee on 129 Colored Women, Report of Committee 130, 299 Commission, Sub-Committee Conference 80 Commission, Report of Sub-Committee Conference 127, 136 Committees Abroad 276, 297 Conference Committee, Board of Lady Managers 61 Conference Committee, Commission 80 Conference Committee, Report of 91, 87, 127 Congresses in Woman's Building 257 Correction of Minutes 192 Decoration of Grounds 300 Device : 32, 279 Directory Resolution in re Woman's Building 27 Directory Resolution in re Woman's Exhibits 28 Election, President 55 Election, Secretary 60 Election, Vice- Presidents 98, 99, 100, 108, 109, no Election, Second Permanent Secretary 153 Executive Committee 80, 81,82, 115 Executive Committee, Chairman - 97 Executive Committee, Report of.. 195 Executive Committee, Report of ordered printed 231 Federal Legislation 311 Finance Committee 135 Finance Committee, Report of 287 Flag Offered to Board of Lady Managers _ 236 Foreign Agents 122, 264 Foreign Agents, Resolution 274 Foreign Agents, Report of Committee 276 Foreign Appointments, Committee on.. 297, 298 Grouping of States and Territories ._ 106 Inspection of Exhibits . 308 Juries 162, 275 Last Nail in Woman's Building 224 Library 3 o8 List of Lady Managers and Alternates i Literary Work 241, 308 Memorial, Mrs. Darby 224, 248 Index. v PACK Memorial to State Boards and Governors 240 Memorial to State Boards and Governors, Committee on 243, 259 Minutes, printing of 5^ 102 Minutes, Committee on 42, 133, 309 Minutes, Report of Committee on Revision 229 Minutes, Correction of 192 Miss Hayden, Testimonial 264, 283 Miss Hayden, Report of Committee on Testimonial 288 Model House and Kitchen Exhibit 286 Model House and Kitchen Exhibit, Resolution . 310 Music in Woman's Building 257 National Flower 265 National Flower, Resolution . 304 Periodicals Edited by Women 232 Permanent Organization, Committee on 51, 60 Permanent Organization, Report of Committee 70 Permanent Organization, Report of ^Committee Re-committed 82 Permanent Organization, Second Report of Committee 89 Permanent Organization, Reconsideration Clauses Third and Fourth. .103, 107 Plan of State Work 289, 298 President, Report of . .- 156 President, Report of Ordered Printed 186 President, Thanks to ... - 186, 187 President, Recommendations of 267 President, Recommendations of Ordered Printed --- 273 Press Committee. . . - - - *34 Prospectus, Plan, and Policy of Board of Lady Managers 274 Prospectus, Plan, and Policy of Board of Lady Managers, Committee on.. 283 Resolution Authorizing Organization -- 23 Resolution of Commission Calling Meeting of Board of Lady Managers .. 23 Resolution by the Directory in re Authority of Board of Lady Managers. .. 28 Resolution of Executive Committee of Commission in regard to the Board .. 25 Resolution Powers and Duties of the Board of Lady Managers 29 Reward of Merit - -- - I 3 l Rules of Order and Procedure - 3 Sanitary Reform - .-- - 3 12 Seal... --- -- 26 . 26l > 308 Seal, Designs 26 />SA Seal, Report of Committee Secretary, Report of - - *93 Session Extended Sergeant-at- Arms - - - 2 ^5 Silk Culture - South American Appointments Rescinded 2 97 3 2 Standing Committees 2 97. 34 vi Index. PAGE State Board Reports 233, 234, 313 State Donations to the Woman's Building 305 State Reports Ordered Printed 232, 308 State Reports, Committee Report - 289 State Work, Agencies to be Employed -242, 258, 264 Statement of President 301 Stationery 280 Stenographers 191 Sunday Closing 70, 125, 132, 190, 233, 244 Temporary Chairman 49 Temporary Secretary 49 Thanks to the Commission for Powers 265 Vice- Presidents i Vote of Approval of Executive Committee Action 301 Woman's Building 129, 266, 274 Woman's Building Authority for Erecting 27 Woman's Council 132 World's Congress Auxiliary 300 LIST OF OFFICERS, LADY MANAGERS, AND ALTERNATES OF THE Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission. President, MRS. POTTER PALMER, of Chicago. First Vice-President, MRS. RALPH TRAUTMANN, of New York. Second Vice-President, MRS. EDWIN C. BURLEIGH, of Maine. Third Vice-President, MRS. CHARLES PRICE, of North Carolina. Fourth Vice-President, Miss KATHERINE L. MINOR, of Louisiana. Fifth Vice- President, MRS. BERIAH WILKINS, of the District of Columbia. Sixth Vice-P resident, MRS. SUSAN R. ASHLEY, of Colorado. Seventh Vice- President, MRS. FLORA BEALL GINTY, of Wisconsin. Eighth Vice- President, MRS. MARGARET ELAINE SALISBURY, of Utah. i Board of Lady Managers. Vicc-President-at-Large, MRS. RUSSELL B. HARRISON, of Montana. Vice-Chairman Executive Committee, MRS. VIRGINIA C. MEREDITH, of Indiana. Secretary, MRS. SUSAN G. COOKE, of Tennessee. NOMINATED BY COMMISSIONERS-AT-LARGE. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. D. F. Verdenal, f Mrs. Ben C. Truman, The Dakota, W. ;2d St., Los Angeles, Cal. New York. Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill, J Mrs. Nancy Huston Banks, Georgetown, Ky. Morganfield, Ky. Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood, Mrs. James B. Stone, 812 12 St., Washington, 137 Vernon St., Worces- D. C. ter, Mass. Mrs. John J. Bagley, Mrs. Schuyler Colfax, Detroit, Mich. South Bend, Ind. Miss Ellen A. Ford, Mrs. Helen A. Peck, 252 Broadway, New York. 3100 Troost Ave., Kan- sas City, Mo. * Mrs. Mary S. Harrison, Miss Caroline E. Dennis, Helena, Montana. Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. Ida A. Elkins Tyler, Mrs. Geo. R. Yarrow, Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, 2213 Green St., Philadel- Pa. phia, Pa. Mrs. Rosine Ryan, Austin, Texas. * Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C. \ Department Publicity and Promo- + 89 Bowen Ave., Chicago, 111. tion, W. C. Exposition, Chicago. Lady Managers and Alternates, 3 BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE STATES. ALABAMA. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Miss Hattie Toney Hundley, Miss Sallie Talula Smith, Mooresville. Birmingham. Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick, Mrs. Louise L. Werth, Mobile. 313 Clayton Heights, Montgomery. ARKANSAS. Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Mary Gray Dunlap Rogers, Little Rock. Fort Smith. Mrs. Rollin A. Edgerton, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, Little Rock. Newport. CALIFORNIA. Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. Theresa Fair, Santa Rosa. San Francisco. Mrs. James R. Deane, Mrs. Frona F. Wait, 1919 California St., San 117 Jones St., San Fran- Francisco, cisco. COLORADO. Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Robt. J. Coleman, 313 W. i3th St., Pueblo. Buena Vista. Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, Mrs. M. D. Thatcher, 1460 Grant Ave., Denver. Pueblo. CONNECTICUT. Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Amelia B. Hinman, 478 Orange St., New Stevenson. Haven. Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, Mrs. Virginia T. Smith, Hartford. Hartford. DELAWARE. Mrs. Mary Richards Kinder, Mrs. Mary E. Torbert, Milford. Milford. Mrs. J. Frank Ball, Mrs. Theodore F. Armstrong, 503 W. i2th St., Wil- Newark, mington. 4 Board of Lady Managers. FLORIDA. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. Mary C. Bell, Mrs. Chloe Merrick Reed, Gainesville. South Jacksonville. Miss E. Nellie Beck, Mrs. H. K. Ingram, Tampa. Jacksonville. GEORGIA. Mrs. William H. Felton, Miss Meta Telfair McLaws, Cartersville. Augusta. Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead, Mrs. Geo. W. Lamar, Savannah. Savannah. IDAHO. Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, Mrs. Louise L. Barton, Post Falls. Moscow. Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Ella Ray Miller, Boise City. Blackfoot. ILLINOIS. Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Marcia Louise Gould, Elkhart. Moline. Mrs. Frances Welles Shepard, Mrs. Frances Bundy Phillips, 4445 Grand Boulevard, Bloomington. Chicago. INDIANA. Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Miss Susan W. Ball, 524 First St., Evansville. Terre Haute. Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith * Miss Mary H. Krout, Cambridge City. Crawfordsville. IOWA. Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Mrs. Ira F. Hendricks, 718, 5th St., Des Moines. Council Bluffs. Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller, Miss Mary B. Hancock, 152 First Ave., Dubuque. Cedar Rapids. * Office Inter Ocean, Chicago, 111. Lady Managers and Alternates. KANSAS. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Sara Blair Lynch, Fort Scott. Leavenworth. * Mrs. Hester A. Hanback, Mrs. Jane H. Haynes, Topeka. Fort Scott. KENTUCKY. Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Sarah F. Holt, Lancaster. Frankfort. Miss Cora D. Payne, Mrs. Alice B. Castleman, Henderson. Louisville. LOUISIANA. Miss Katherine L. Minor, Mrs. Bowling S. Leathers, Houma. Steamer Laura Lee, New Orleans. Miss Josephine Shakspeare, Mrs. Belle Hamilton Perkins, ' 470 Camp St., New 109 Coliseum St., New Orleans. Orleans. MAINE. Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Mrs. Sarah H. Bixby, Augusta. Skowhegan. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Miss Kate Hutchins Locke, Portland. Bethel. MARYLAND. Mrs. William Reed, Mrs. J. Wilson Patterson, 825 S. Paul St., Baltimore. 1012 N. Calvert St.. Baltimore. Mrs. Alexander Thomson, Miss Eloise Roman, Mount Savage. Cumberland. MASSACHUSETTS. Mrs. Rufus S. Frost, Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer,. 100 Bellingham St., Chelsea. Cambridge. Mrs. Jonas H. French, Miss Mary Crease Sears, 128 Commonwealth Ave., 342 Marlborough St., Boston. Boston. * Care Adjutant-General. 6 Board of Lady Managers. MICHIGAN. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. Eliza J. Pendry Howes, Mrs. Frances P. Burrows, Battle Creek. Kalamazoo. Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell, Miss Anna M. Cutcheon, Ann Arbor. 20 Adams St., Detroit. MINNESOTA. Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, Mrs. P. B. Winston, 236 Summit Ave., St. Paul. Minneapolis. Mrs. H. F. Brown, Mrs. M. M. Williams, 326 S. yth St. Little Falls. Minneapolis. MISSISSIPPI. Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. George M. Buchanan, Aberdeen. Holly Springs. Mrs. John M. Stone, Miss Varina Davis, Jackson. Beauvoir. MISSOURI. * Miss Phoebe Couzins, LL.B., Mrs. Patti Moore, St. Louis. 15 W. 1 2th St., Kansas City. Miss Lillian Mason Brown, f Mrs. Annie L. Y. Swart, Kirk wood. St. Louis. MONTANA. Mrs. Eliza Rickards, Mrs. Frank L. Worden, Butte City. Missoula. Mrs. Lily Rosencrans Toole, Mrs. Mariam D. Cooper, Helena. Bozeman. NEBRASKA. Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. M. A. B. Martin, 2613 Douglas St., Omaha. Lincoln. Mrs. E. C. Langworthy, Mrs. Lana A. Bates, Seward. Aurora. * Chicago. \ Care of Chapcrone Magazine, Lady Managers and Alternates. 7 NEVADA. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Miss Eliza M. Russell, Miss Mary E. Davies, Elko. Genoa. Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson, Mrs. M. D. Foley, Carson City. Reno. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Mrs. Mira. B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Frank H. Daniell, Lancaster. Franklin Falls. Mrs. Daniel Hall, Miss Ellen J. Cole, Dover. Lake Village. NEW JERSEY. Miss Mary E. Busselle, 67 Park St., Newark. Mrs. Martha B. Stevens, Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, Hoboken. 37 Park St., Newark. NEW YORK. Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, Mrs. John Pope, 27 Beekman Place, New 329 5th Ave., New York York City. City. Mrs. W. C. Whitney, Mrs. A. M. Palmer, Cor. 57th St. and 5th Ave., 25 E. 65th St., New York New York City. City. NORTH CAROLINA. Mrs. George Wilson Kidder, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, Wilmington. Falkland. Mrs. Charles Price, Miss Virginia Stella Divine, Salisbury. Wilmington. NORTH DAKOTA. Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. Alice Vineyard Brown, Grand Forks. Lisbon. Mrs. W. B. McConnell, Mrs. Frances C. Holley, Fargo. Bismarck. 8 Board of Lady Managers. OHIO. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. *Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, 158 E. 5th St., Cincinnati. Warren. Mrs. Walter Hartpence, Mrs. Asa S. Bushnell, Harrison. Springfield. OREGON. Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Anna R. Riggs, Portland. Portland. Mrs. Mary Pay ton, Mrs. Hattie E. Sladden, Salem. Eugene City. PENNSYLVANIA. Miss Mary E. McCandless, Mrs. Samuel Plumer, Winebiddle Ave., Pitts- Franklin. burgh. Mrs. Harriet Anne Lucas, Mrs. W. S. Elkins, 1913 Arch St., Philadel- 1218 N. Broad St., Phil- phia. adelphia. RHODE ISLAND. fMrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Mrs. George A. Mumford, Pawtucket. Pawtucket. Miss Charlotte Field Dailey, Miss Loraine Pearce Bucklin, Providence. 163 Angell St., Provi- dence. SOUTH CAROLINA. V've J. S. R. Thomson, Miss Florida Cunningham, Spartanburg. Charleston. Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton, Miss Carrie A. Perry, Columbia. W T alhalla. SOUTH DAKOTA. Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Minnie Daniels, Deadwood. Watertown. Mrs. Helen Morton Barker, J Mrs. Marie J. Gaston, Huron. Deadwood. *Care of Mr. Wm. Disney. f Temporary address: Office, Board of Lady Managers, Chicago, 111. $284 Ashland Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Lady Managers and Alternates. 9 TENNESSEE. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Carrington Mason, 519 Cedar St., Nashville. Memphis. *Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke, Mrs. Chas. J. McClung, 130 Hill St., Knoxville. Knoxville. TEXAS. Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Miss Hallie Earle Harrison, Fort Worth. Waco. Mrs. Mary A. Cochran, Mrs. Kate Cawthon McDaniel, Dallas. Anderson. VERMONT. Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs. Minna G. Hooker, Pomfret. Brattleboro. Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell, Mrs. Theresa J. Cochrane, Burlington. Groton. VIRGINIA. f Mrs. John Sergeant Wise, Richmond. Mrs. K. S. G. Paul, Miss Mattie P. Harris, Harrisonburgh. Staunton. WASHINGTON. Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Chauncey Wright Griggs, Olympia. Tacoma Mrs. Alice Houghton, Mrs. Josephine Ettinger, Spokane Falls. Palouse. WEST VIRGINIA. Mrs. W. Newton Linch, Mrs. George W. Z. Black, Martinsburg. Halltown. Miss Lily Irene Jackson, Miss Annie M. Mahan, Parkersburg. Fayetteville. * Office Board of Lady Managers, f 18 E. 22d St., New York. 10 Board of Lady Managers. WISCONSIN. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Sam S. Fifield, Chippewa Falls. Ashland. Mrs. William P. Lynde, Mrs. J. Montgomery Smith, 729 Astor St., Milwaukee. Mineral Point. WYOMING. Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Stone, Evanston. Evanston. Mrs. Frances E. Hale Miss Gertrude M. Huntington, Cheyenne. Saratoga. BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE TERRITORIES. ALASKA. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. A. K. Delaney, Miss Maxwell Stevenson, Juneau. Juneau. ARIZONA. Mrs. Thomas J. Butler, Mrs. George Hoxworth, Prescott. Flagstaff. Miss Laurette Lovell, Mrs. H. J. Peto, Tucson. Tombstone. NEW MEXICO. Mrs, Franc Luse Albright, Miss Lucia Perea, Albuquerque. Albuquerque. Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett, Mrs. Louise Dakin Campbell, Santa F<5. Eddy. OKLAHOMA. Mrs. Marie P. Harmon Beeson, Mrs. Julia Wallace, Reno City. Oklahoma City. Mrs. Lucy D. Miles, Mrs. Mary S. McNeal, Kingfisher. Guthrie. UTAH. Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Susie B. Emery, Ogden. Park City. Mrs. Margaret Elaine Salisbury, Miss Maggie Keogh, Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City. Lady Managers and Alternates. 11 BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE COLUMBIA. Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Emma Dean Powell, Calumet Place, Washing- 910 M Street, N. W., ton. Washington. Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, Miss Emma C. Wimsatt, 1709 Massachusetts A ve., 709 C Street, S. W., Washington. Washington. BY THE PRESIDENT, FROM THE CITY OF CHICAGO. Lady Managers. Mrs. Bertha M. Honore Palmer, Lake Shore Drive. Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., River Forest. Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, 1450 Michigan Ave. Mrs. James A. Mulligan, 3000 Prairie Ave. Frances Dickinson, M. D., 70 State St. Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, 3817 Michigan Ave. Mrs. Myra Brad well, 1428 Michigan Ave. Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., 24 Groveland Park. Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, 145 Ashland Boul'd. Lady Alternates. Miss Sara T. Hallowell, Palmer House. Mrs. George L. Dunlap, 328 Dearborn Ave. Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck, 5300 Woodlawn Ave. Mrs. Annie C. Meyers, 553 Monroe St. Martha H. Ten Eyck, 5704 Madison Ave. Mrs. Margaret Isabelle Sandes, Ravenswood, 111. Mrs. Leander Stone, 3352 Indiana Ave. Mrs. Gen'l A. L. Chetlain, 543 No. State St. Frances E. Willard, Evanston, 111. 12 Board of Lady Managers. Since the organization of the Board of Lady Managers, the following changes have occurred in the personnel of the Board: Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., as one of the Lady Managers from the City of Chicago, to succeed Mrs. Walter Q. Gresham, resigned. Mrs. George L. Dunlap, as one of the alternates from the City of Chicago, appointed to succeed Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. J. Wilson Patterson, as one of the alternates from Mary- land, to succeed Mrs. Mary A. Birckhead, deceased. Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, as one of the Lady Managers from Minnesota, to succeed Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, resigned. Mrs. Phillip B. Winston, as one of the alternates from Min- nesota, to succeed Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. A. M. Palmer, as one of the alternates from New York, to succeed Mrs. W. Bourke Cochran, resigned. Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, as one of the Lady Managers from South Carolina, to succeed Mrs. Mary P. Darby, deceased. Miss Florida Cunningham, as one of the alternates from South Carolina, to succeed Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. Chas. J. McClung, as one of the alternates from Ten- nessee, to succeed Mrs. Bessie Bowen McClung, resigned. Miss Lucia Perea, as one of the alternates from New Mexico. Mrs. A. K. Delaney, as one of the Lady Managers from Alaska. Miss Maxwell Stevenson, as one of the alternates from Alaska. Mrs. Eliza Rickards, as one of the Lady Managers from Montana, to succeed Mrs. Henry Knippenberg, resigned. Mrs. Wm. C. Whitney, as one of the Lady Managers from New York, to succeed Mrs. Lloyd Brice, resigned. Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, as one of the Lady Managers from Idaho, to succeed Mrs. Lena Shoup, resigned. Mrs. Louise L. Barton, as one of the alternates from Idaho, to succeed Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. Lilla C. Baxter, Navasota, Texas, alternate-at-large, de- ceased. Act of Congress. 13 ACT OF CONGRESS CREATING THE World's Columbian Commission. An act to p> wide for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, by holding an international exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the products of the soil, mine, and the sea, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois. WHEREAS, It is fit and appropriate that the four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America be commemorated by an exhibition of the resources of the United States of America, their development, and of the progress of civilization in the New World; and, WHEREAS, Such an exhibition should be of a national and international character, so that not only the people of our Union and this Continent, but those of all nations as well, can partici- pate, and should, therefore, have the sanction of the Congress of the United States; therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That an exhibi- tion of arts, industries, manufactures, and products of the soil, mine, and sea, shall be inaugurated in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-two, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, as hereinafter provided. SEC. 2. That a Commission to consist of two Commission- ers from each State and Territory of the United States and from the District of Columbia, and eight Commissioners-at- Large, is hereby constituted to be designated as the World's Columbian Commission. 14 Board of Lady Managers. SEC. 3. That said Commissioners, two from each State and Territory, shall be appointed within thirty days from the passage of this act by the President of the United States, on the nom- ination of the Governors of the States and Territories, respect- ively, and by the President, eight Commissioners-at-Large, and two from the District of Columbia; and in the same manner and within the same time there shall be appointed two alternate Commissioners from each State and Territory of the United States and the District of Columbia, and eight alternate Commis- sioners-at-Large, who shall assume and perform the duties of such Commissioner or Commissioners as may be unable to attend the meetings of the said Commission; and in such nominations and appointments each of the two leading political parties shall be equally represented. Vacancies in the Commission nominated by the Governors of the several States and Territories, respect- ively, and also vacancies in the Commission-at-Large and from the District of Columbia may be filled in the same manner and under the same conditions as provided herein for their original appointments. SEC. 4. That the Secretary of State of the United States shall, immediately after the passage of this act, notify the Gov- ernors of the several States and Territories, respectively, thereof, and request such nominations to be made. The Com- missioners so appointed shall be called together by the Secretary of State of the United States, in the City of Chicago, by notice to the Commissioners, as soon as convenient after the appoint- ment of said Commissioners, and within thirty days thereafter. The said Commissioners, at said first meeting, shall organize by the election of such officers and the appointment of such Com- mittees as they may deem expedient, and for this purpose the Commissioners present at said meeting shall constitute a quorum. SEC. 5. That said Commission be empowered in its discre- tion to accept for the purposes of the World's Columbian Expo- sition such site as may be selected and offered and such plans and specifications of buildings to be erected for such purpose at the expense of and tendered by the corporation organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, known as " The World's Expo- sition of eighteen hundred and ninety-two: " Provided, That Act of Congress. 15 said site so tendered and the buildings proposed to be erected thereon shall be deemed by said Commission adequate to the purposes of said Exposition. And provided, That said Commis- . sion shall be satisfied that the said corporation has an actual bona fide and valid subscription to its capital stock which will secure the payment of at least five millions of dollars, of which not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have been paid in, and that the further sum of five million dollars, making in all ten million dollars, will be provided by said corporation in ample time for its needful use during the prosecution of the work for the complete preparation for said Exposition. SEC. 6. That the said Commission shall allot space for exhibitors, prepare a classification of exhibits, determine the plan and scope of the Exposition, and shall appoint all judges and examiners for the Exposition, award all premiums, if any, and generally have charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and the representatives of foreign nations. And said Commission is authorized and required to appoint a Board of Lady Managers of such number and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by said Commission. Said Board may appoint one or more members of all committees authorized to award prizes for exhib- its which may he produced in whole or in part by female labor. SEC. 7. That after the plans for said Exposition shall be prepared by said corporation and approved by said Commission, the rules and regulations of said corporation governing rates for entrance and admission fees, or otherwise affecting the rights, privileges, or interests of the exhibitors or of the public, shall be fixed or established by said corporation, subject, however, to such modification, if any, as may be imposed by a majority of said Commissioners. SEC. 8. That the President is hereby empowered and directed to hold a naval review in New York Harbor, in April, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and to extend to foreign nations an invitation to send ships of war to join the United States Navy in rendezvous at Hampton Roads and proceed thence to said review. 16 Board of Lady Managers. SEC. 9. That said Commission shall provide for the dedica- tion of the buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition in said City of Chicago on the twelfth day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, with appropriate ceremonies, and said Exposition shall be open to visitors not later than the first day of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and shall be closed at such time as the Commission may determine, but not later than the thirtieth day of October thereafter. SEC. 10. That whenever the President of the United States shall be notified by the Commission that provision has been made for grounds and buildings for the uses herein provided for, and there has also been filed with him by the said corporation, known as " The World's Exposition of eighteen hundred and ninety- two," satisfactory proof that a sum not less than ten million dol- lars, to be used and expended for the purposes of the Exposition herein authorized, has in fact been raised or provided for by sub- scription or other legally binding means, he shall be authorized, through the Department of State, to make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exposition will open and close, and the place at which it will be held; and he shall communicate to the diplomatic representatives of foreign nations copies of the same, together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commission, for publication in their respective countries, and he shall, in behalf of the Government and people, invite foreign nations to take part in the said Exposition and appoint representatives thereto. SEC. ii. That all articles which shall be imported from foreign countries for the sole purpose of exhibition at said Exposition, upon which there shall be a tariff or customs duty, shall be admitted free of payment of duty, customs fees, or charges under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe ; but it shall be lawful at any time during the exhibition to sell for delivery at the close of the Exposition any goods or property imported for and actually on exhibition in the Exposition buildings or on its grounds, subject to such regula- tions for the security of the revenue and for the collection of the import duties as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such articles when sold or withdrawn for con- Act of Congress. 17 sumption in the United States shall be subject to the duty, if any, imposed upon such articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation, and all penalties prescribed by law shall he implied and enforced against such articles, and against the persons who may be guilty of any illegal sale or withdrawal. SEC. 12. That the sum of twenty thousand dollars, or as much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the remainder of the present fiscal year, and for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury for purposes connected with the admission of foreign goods to said Exhibition. SEC. 13. That it shall be the duty of the Commission to make report, from time to time, to the President of the United States of the progress of the work, and, in a final report, present a full exhibit of the results of the Exposition. SEC. 14. That the .Commission hereby authorized shall exist no longer than until the first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. SEC. 15. That the United States shall not in any manner, nor under any circumstances, be liable for any of the acts, doings, proceedings, or representations of the said corporation organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, its officers, agents, serv- ants, or employes, or any of them, or for the service, salaries, labor, or wages of said officers, agents, servants, or employes, or any of them, or for any subscriptions to the capital stock, or for any certificates of stock, bonds, mortgages, or obligations of any kind issued by said corporation, or for any debts, liabilities, or expenses of any kind whatever attending such corporation or accruing by reason of the same. SEC. 16. That there shall be exhibited at said Exposition, by the Government of the United States, from its Executive Departments, the Smithsonian Institution, the United States Fish Commission, and the National Museum, such articles and mate- rials as illustrate the function and administrative faculty of the Government in time of peace and its resources as a war power, tending to demonstrate the nature of our institutions, and their 18 Board of Lady Managers. adaptation to the wants of the people ; and to secure a complete and harmonious arrangement of such a Government exhibit, a Board shall be created to be charged with the selection, prepara- tion, arrangement, safe-keeping, and exhibition of such articles and materials as the heads of the several departments and the Directors of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum may respectively decide shall be embraced in said Government exhibit. The President may also designate additional articles for exhibition. Such Board shall be composed of one person to be named by the head of each Executive Department, and one by the Directors of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, and one by the Fish Commission, such selections to be approved by the President of the United States. The President shall name the Chairman of said Board, and the Board itself shall select such other officers as it may deem necessary. That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to place on exhibition, upon such grounds as shall be allotted for the purpose, one of the life-saving stations authorized to be constructed on the coast of the United States by existing law, and to cause the same to be fully equipped with all apparatus, furniture and appliances now in use in all life-saving stations in the United States, said building and apparatus to be removed at the close of the Exhibition and re-erected at the place now authorized by law. SEC. 17. That the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause a suitable building or buildings to be erected on the site selected for the World's Columbian Exposition for the Government exhibits, as provided in this act, and he is hereby authorized and directed to contract therefor, in the same manner and under the same regulations as for other public buildings of the United States; but the contracts for said building or buildings shall not exceed the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, and for the remainder of the fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety one, there is hereby appropriated for said building or buildings, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cause the said building or buildings to be constructed, as far .as Act of Congress. 19 possible, of iron, steel, and glass, or of such other material as may be taken out and sold to the best advantage; and he is authorized and required to dispose of such building or buildings, or the material composing the same, at the close of the Expo- sition, giving preference to the City of Chicago, or to the said World's Exposition of eighteen hundred and ninety-two, to purchase the same at an appraised value to be ascertained in such manner as he may determine. SEC. 1 8. That for the purpose of paying the expenses of transportation, care, and custody of exhibits by the Government and the maintenance of the building or buildings hereinbefore provided for, and the safe return of articles belonging to the said Government exhibit, and for the expenses of the Commission created by this act, and other contingent expenses, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, upon itemized accounts and vouchers, there is hereby appropriated for the remainder of this fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of two hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary: Provided, That the United States shall not be liable, on account of the erection of buildings, expenses of the Commission or any of its officers or employes, or on account of any expenses incident to or growing out of said Exposition, for a sum exceeding in the aggregate one million five hundred thousand dollars. SEC. 19. That the Commissioners and alternate Commission- ers appointed under this act shall not be entitled to any com- pensation for their services out of the Treasury of the United States, except their actual expenses for transportation and the sum of six dollars per day for subsistence for each day they are necessarily absent from their homes on the business of said Com- mission. The officers of said Commission shall receive such compensation as may be fixed by said Commission, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, which shall be paid out of the sums appropriated by Congress in aid of such Exposition. SEC. 20. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to 20 Board of Lady Managers. create any liability of the United States, direct or indirect, for any debt or obligation incurred, nor for any claim for aid or pecuniary assistance from Congress or the Treasury of the United States in support or liquidation of any debts or obliga- tions created by said Commission in excess of appropriations made by Congress therefor. SEC. 21. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to override or interfere with the laws of any State, and all contracts made in any State for the purposes of the Exhibition shall be subject to the laws thereof. SEC. 22. That no member of said Commission, whether an officer or otherwise, shall be personally liable for any debt or obligation which may be created or incurred by the said Com- mission. Approved, April 25, 1890. Article Eleventh of the By-Laws. 21 Article Eleventh of the By-Laws OF THE World's Columbian Commission. BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. The Board of Lady Managers shall consist of two women from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, to be nominated by Commissioners from the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia, and of one woman to be nominated by each of the Commissioners-at- Large, and to be appointed by the President; and also nine women of the City of Chicago, to be appointed by the President, as has been ex- pressly determined by the order of the Commission; and a like number of alternates, to be appointed in the same manner as the principals, and to assume the duties and functions of such prin- cipals only when the principals are unable to attend. Principals and alternates shall be duly commissioned in accordance with the direction of the Commission. The Board of Lady Managers shall be convened by the order of the Executive Committee of the Commission, at such time and place as it may deem proper, and, when so convened, shall organize by the election of a Chairman and Secretary. The duration of such first meeting, as well as the number and duration of each subsequent meeting, shall be wholly under the control and be determined by said Executive Committee. The members of this Board shall be officers of the Commission, and shall perform such duties in con- nection with the Woman's Department of the Exposition as said Executive Committee shall prescribe. Each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive six dollars per day for each day necessarily absent from home engaged in the work of the Commission, and also the expenses for transportation actually 22 Board of Lady Managers. incurred by her on that account. The alternates shall receive no compensation nor expenses for transportation, except in cases where their principals are unable to attend to the duties assigned to them. No expenses for transportation shall be allowed except the travel be authorized by the said Executive Committee and certified accordingly. Resolutions Authorizing Organization. 23 Resolutions of the Executive Committee OP THE World's Columbian Commission, ADOPTED OCTOBER 21, 1890, AUTHORIZING THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. Resolved, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, be and he is hereby respectfully requested to call a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, in the City of Chicago, on the iQth of November, 1890, for the purpose of organization and the trans- action of such other business as may come before said Board. Resolved, further, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, and Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary, are requested to make arrangements to secure, a suitable hall in which said Board of Lady Managers can hold their daily meetings. Resolved, further, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, is requested to call said Board of Lady Managers to order at 12 o'clock M., on said i9th of November next, and preside until they shall have elected a Chairman and Secretary, and that Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary, is directed to officiate as Secretary on said i gth of November next until they shall have elected their Chairman and Secretary. Resolved, further, That it is the sense of the Executive Com- mittee that the law of Congress authorizes the organization of the Board of Lady Managers at an early date, and the President of this Commission, Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, is authorized and requested to communicate with the Secretary of the Treasury, and request, on behalf of this Commission, favorable construction of the Act of Congress relative to the subsistence and transpor- 24 Board of Lady Managers. tation of the Board of Lady Managers for the meeting of said Board on November 19, 1890. Resolved, further, That the President shall not issue the call above mentioned until he receives information from the Secretary of the Treasury that the subsistence and transportation for the members of the Board of Lady Managers have been allowed. Resolved, further, That a committee of two be appointed by the President to proceed to Washington to take up this subject with the Secretary of the Treasury, in order to secure a prompt decision. Resolutions of Executive Committee. 25 Resolutions of the Executive Committee OP THE World's Columbian Commission, ADOPTED NOVEMBER 26, 1890, AND APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION AT FOURTH SESSION, IN APRIL, 1891. Resolved, That tne work of the Board of Lady Managers is, by the By-Laws of the Commission, placed under the direction and control of the Executive Committee. That the methods and agencies adopted by them in carrying forward the duties imposed on them by the Act of Congress shall be devised and executed by said Board without any direc- tion or control of this Committee, but subject to the approval of this Committee. That we will recommend the construction of a suitable build- ing or pavilion on the Exposition grounds, to be placed under the control of the Board of Lady Managers, for official and other purposes. . That we respectfully request the Board of Lady Managers to work in conjunction with this Committee and the National Commission, in efforts to interest the people of the respective States and Territories and the District of Columbia, in the success of the World's Columbian Exposition. That we deem it inexpedient at this time to formulate any further instructions to the Board of Lady Managers more explicitly defining their duties, but will appoint a sub-committee of this Committee to confer with a Committee of their Board, at an early date, for the purpose of more fully prescribing their duties. 26 Board of Lady Managers. That we will join with the Board of Lady Managers in a rec- ommendation to Congress to make an additional appropriation to pay the expenses of said Board, if they so desire. That we congratulate the Board of Lady Managers of this Commission upon their complete organization, and their great success in the selection of their eminent officials, and we wish them God-speed in their noble work. Authority for Women's Building. 27 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition REGARDING AUTHORITY FOR ERECTING THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. At a meeting of the Board of Directors held on February 13, 1891, the report of the Executive Committee of its actions at the meeting of February 4th was approved by the Board. At this meeting of the Executive Committee a report was presented from the Grounds and Buildings Committee stating that the location of the Woman's Building, at a point in Jackson Park opposite the Midway Plaisance, had been approved by the Grounds and Buildings Committee, the cost of said building not to exceed $200.000. Board of Lady Managers. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DIRECTORY REQUIRING APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS IN ALL MATTERS PERTAINING TO EXHIBITS, ETC., FROM WOMEN. The following resolution was adopted by the Executive Com- mittee of the Local Directory, February 4, 1891, and approved by the Directory, February 13, 1891. Resolved, That for the purpose of facilitating business and avoiding misunderstandings in administration, the Executive Committee recommends that the Board of Lady Managers of the Commission be regarded as a channel of communication in all matters pertaining to applications for ground, buildings, pavilions, and other structures intended for the exclusive use or entertain- ment of women in the Exposition, and that in respect to these and similar things the advice and approval of the Board of Lady Managers should be obtained before taking definite action. Powers and Duties of Board. 29 PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS OF THE World's Columbian Commission, ADOPTED AT THE APRIL, 1891, SESSION, DEFINING THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. WHEREAS, By the Sixth section of the Act of Congress, which provides for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, etc., approved April 25, 1890, the World's Columbian Commission is authorized and required to appoint a Board of Lady Managers of such number and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by said Commission, and in conformity with the provision of said Act of Congress, said Commission has appointed said Board of Lady Managers; and by the Eleventh Article of the By-Laws of the Commission it is provided " that the members of said Board of Lady Managers shall perform such duties in connection with the Woman's Department of the Exposition as the Executive Committee may prescribe;" and WHEREAS, Said Executive Committee, at its last meeting on the 26th of November, 1890, addressed a communication to said Board of Lady Managers in which said Committee said: "We do not deem it expedient at this time to formulate any further instructions to the Board of Lady Managers more explicitly denning their duties, but will appoint a sub-committee of this Committee to confer with a committee of their Board, at an early date, for the purpose of more fully prescribing their duties;" and said Committee not having been appointed, and no 30 Board of Lady Managers. further action having been taken in denning the duties of said Board; and WHEREAS, The Act of Congress approved March 4, 1891, explicitly recognizes said Board of Lady Managers, and provides that $36,000 of the appropriation made for the use of the World's Columbian Commission, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, shall be used for the said Board of Lady Managers; Now, therefore, for the purpose of more fully fixing and defining the powers and duties of said Board of Lady Man- agers, Resolved, By this Commission: First. That the Board of Lady Managers be, and they are hereby, directed and empowered to appoint one or more members of all committees authorized to award prizes for exhibits which may be produced in whole or in part by female labor; and the number of such women members so to be ap- pointed shall be in proportion to the percentage of female labor performed in the production of such exhibits. Second. That said Board shall have the management and control of the building known as the Woman's Building. Third- That said Board shall have general charge and man- agement of all the interests of women in connection with the Exposition; and it is hereby recognized and declared to be the official channel of communication through which all women, or organizations of women, may be brought into relation with the Exposition, and through which all applications for space shall be made for the exclusive use of women or their exhibits in the buildings, or for the construction of buildings intended exclusively for women's use in the Exposition; and that in respect to these and all similar matters connected with the preparation for, and the management of the Exposition, in so far as the same relates to women's work, women's exhibits, and women's interests in general, the direction and approval of the Board of Lady Man- agers, through its President, shall be necessary before final and conclusive action is taken. Fourth. That in conducting the work herein assigned to said Board of Lady Managers, the same shall in all things be done Powers and Duties of Board. 31 under the direction and supervision and with the approval of the President of said Board, who shall have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee of said Board, and to the approval of the Commission and its Director-General, and that all correspondence, clerical and working force, and^\ expenditures of money shall be directed, ordered, and approved \ by the President of said Board, who shall have all accounts duly / audited, and certify the same to the Board of Reference and / Control for approval. Fifth. That, owing to the evident intention of Congress to allow few meetings of the full Board of Lady Managers, the Executive Committee thereof, or a sub-committee of said Execu-^ tive Committee, is hereby authorized and empowered, in the absence of the Board, to exercise any and all powers which said Board might exercise in session, including the right and privilege of amending its By -Laws, should said Executive/ Committee or sub-committee at any time deem it necessary or advisable. Sixth. That a salary of $5,000 per annum shall be paid to the President of the Board of Lady Managers, to date from her election to said office on the aoth day of November, 1890 ; and a salary of $3,000 shall be paid to the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, the increase in the Secretary's salary to date from the first day of July, 1891 ; each of said salaries shall be subject, however, to the approval of the Secretary of the Treas- ury, as required by law. 32 Board of Lady Managers. EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF A SESSION Board of Reference and Control OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION, Held in Chicago, August 14, 1891. A communication of this date was received and read from Mrs. Potter Palmer, President of the Board of Lady Managers, in regard to a device by which to designate those exhibits that may be made at the Exposition, that are " in whole or in part produced by female labor," and desiring to know if the Board of Lady Managers had full and final power to decide upon the character of said device. The Board, having considered the foregoing communication, directed the Secretary to reply that it was the opinion of the Board of Control that the Board of Lady Managers had full power to design the device referred to in the said communi- cation, said device to be submitted to the Board of Control before execution, for final approval. The By-Laws. 33 BY-LAWS Board of Lady Managers. (As Amended.) ARTICLE FIRST. Official Title. This body shall be known by the title of the " Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission," as designated by Section 6 of the Act of Congress. ARTICLE SECOND. Quorum. A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of not less than a majority of the Managers, but the alternates repre- senting absent Managers shall be counted as Managers. ARTICLE THIRD. Powers of Alternate Managers. An alternate Manager shall assume and perform the duties of the Manager whose alternate she is only when her principal may be unable to attend the meeting of the Board. That in all cases where a Manager who is a member of a Committee be absent, her alternate be authorized to represent her on that Committee. ARTICLE FOURTH. Officers of the Board of Lady Managers. The officers of this Board shall consist of a President, whose official title shall be " President of the Board of Lady Managers 34 Board of Lady Managers. of the World's Columbian Commission;" nine Vice-Presidents, who shall be denominated as First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Vice-President, and a Vice-President- at -Large, and a Secretary; all of whom shall hold their offices at the pleasure of the " Board of Lady Managers." ARTICLE FIFTH. Executive Committee. There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty- five members besides the President each of whom shall be appointed by the President each of the Standing Committees to be represented on the Executive Board. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Managers. Ten members shall constitute a quorum, and the Committee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such sub-committees as it may consider expedient. / This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employe's and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, the same shall be filled by appoint- ment of the President. In all cases where Managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on the Committee. ARTICLE SIXTH. Duties of the President. The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Board and shall appoint all Committees, unless otherwise directed by the Board, and she shall have all the powers and authority incident to the office of President. The President may, and at the written request of a majority of the Executive Committee, or of one-third of the members of the Board, shall, recommend to the Commission, the calling of a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, each of whom shall receive reasonable notice of the meeting. The President shall also have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee, The By-Laws. . 35 and to the approval of the Commission and Director-General; and all correspondence, clerical and working force, and expendi-~"\ ture of money, shall be directed, ordered, and approved by the President of the Board, who shall have all accounts duly audited and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control. ** ARTICLE SEVENTH. Duties of the Vice- Presidents. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform her duties, each taking precedence in numerical order, and if all the Vice-Presidents be absent, the Board shall elect a temporary presiding officer. ARTICLE EIGHTH. Duties of the Secretary. The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Board and be the custodian of all documents and records relat- ing to its business. She shall keep a full and accurate record of its proceedings, and shall make report of same from time to time, as she may be required. She shall keep all the accounts of the \ Board and certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for ) payment. All papers, accounts, and records in her custody shall at all times be open to inspection on demand of any Manager. ARTICLE NINTH. Vice- Chairman of Executive Committee. There shall also be an officer of this Board, designated Vice- Chairman of the Executive Committee, elected by and from the Executive Committee, who shall perform the duties usual to such officer. ARTICLE TENTH. Amendments. Amendments shall only be made by two-thirds vote of the Board present; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and be by it considered before any final action thereon by the Board. 36 Board of Lady Managers. Rules of Order and Procedure FOB SESSIONS OP THE Board of Lady Managers. Touching the Duties of the President. 1. She shall take the Chair every day, precisely at the hour to which the Board shall stand adjourned, and on the appearance of a quorum shall cause the Journal of the preceding day to be read. 2. She shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to point of order in reference to Lady Managers on the floor, rising from her chair for that purpose. She shall decide questions of order, subject to an appeal to the Board on request of any two Lady Managers. 3. She may state a question sitting, but shall rise to put a question to a vote of the Board. 4. Questions shall be distinctly put in this form, viz.: "All you who are of opinion that (as the question may be) say 'Aye.' You of the contrary opinion, say ' No.' " If the presiding officer doubt, or a division be called for, the Board shall divide; those in the affirmative shall first rise from their seats, and after- ward those in the negative. If the presiding officer still doubt, or a count be required, the presiding officer shall name two Lady Managers, one from each side, to tell those in the affirmative and the negative; and the result being reported, she shall rise and state the decision to the Board. And on every vote there shall be a call of the ayes and noes when demanded by five Lady Managers. 5. The presiding officer may examine and correct the Journal before it is read. Rules of Order and Procedure. 37 6. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or lobbies, the presiding officer shall have power to order the same to be cleared. Order of Business. 7. As soon as the Journal is read and approved, the presid- ig officer shall call for communications and memorials. The /same having been presented and disposed of, reports, first from the standing and then from select committees, shall be called for; next, motions and resolutions; and if on any day the whole of the committees have not been called, or, being called, shall not have finished their reports, or any report shall not have been disposed of, the presiding officer, on the next day, shall com- mence where she left off on the preceding day, and so on until all are called. Decorum and Order. 8. When a Lady Manager is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Board, she shall rise from her seat and respectfully address herself to " Mrs. President," and, being recognized by the presiding officer, may proceed, but shall con- fine herself to the question under debate, and avoid personalities. 9. If any Lady Manager, in speaking, or otherwise, trans- gress the rules of the Board, the presiding officer shall, or any member may, call her to order; in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down, unless permitted to explain; and the Board, if appealed to, shall decide on the case; if there be no appeal, the decision of the presiding officer shall be submitted to. If the decision be in favor of the Lady Manager called to order, she shall be at liberty to proceed; if otherwise, she shall not be at liberty to proceed without leave of the Board; and if the case require it, she shall be liable to the censure of the Board. 10. If a Lady Manager be called to order by another for words spoken in debate, the exceptional words shall be immedi- ately taken down in writing by the Secretary, that the presiding officer may be better able to judge of the matter. 38 Board of Lady Managers. 11. When two or more Lady Managers rise at once, the presiding officer shall name the Lady Manager who first addressed the Chair as the one entitled to the floor. 12. No Lady Manager shall speak more than twice to the same question without leave of the Board, nor more than once until every Lady Manager choosing to speak shall have spoken. But the Chairman of a Committee reporting, or the mover of the pending resolution or proposition, shall have the right to conclude the debate. 13. While the presiding officer is putting any question or addressing the Board, none shall walk out or across the chamber; nor when a Lady Manager is speaking shall any other entertain private discourse or pass between her and the Chair. 14. No Lady Manager shall vote on any question in the event of which she is immediately or particularly interested, or in any case where she was not present when the question was put, unless by the unanimous consent of the Board. 15. Every Lady Manager who shall be present when the question is put shall give her vote, unless the Board, for special reasons, or the presiding officer, upon being satisfied that the motion or request is made for dilatory purposes, shall excuse her. 16. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be stated by the presiding officer, or, being in writing, shall be handed to the Chair, and read aloud by the Clerk, before debated. 17. Every motion shall be reduced to writing, if the presid- ding officer or any Lady Manager desire it. 1 8. After a motion is stated by the presiding officer, or read by the Clerk, it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Board, but may be withdrawn, if there be no objection, at any time before a decision or amendment. Dignity and Privilege of Questions. 19. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to fix the time to which the Board shall adjourn, to adjourn, to lie on the table, for the previous question, to post- pone to a day certain, to commit, or to postpone indefinitely, Rules of Order and Procedure. 39 which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they are arranged. 20. When a motion is made to refer any subject, and differ- ent committees are named, the question shall be taken in the following order: i. To a Committee of the Whole. 2. A Standing Committee. 3. A Select Committee. 21. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order; that, and the motion to lie on the table, to suspend the rules, and for the previous question, shall be decided without debate. 22. The previous question being moved and seconded by not less than ten Lady Managers, the question from the Chair shall be, '' Shall the main question be now put ? " and if the nays prevail, the main question shall not then be put. But a refusal to order the previous question shall not bar the Board from forthwith proceeding to the consideration of the subject. The effects of the previous question shall be to put an end to all debate (except that the Chairman of the Committee reporting, or the mover of the pending resolution or motion, may occupy not more than twenty (20) minutes in concluding the debate after such order) and bring the Board to a direct vote upon amendments offered, or read for information, before ordering the previous question, and then upon the main question. After the previous question has been ordered, and until it shall have been exhausted, no motion shall be allowed by the presiding officer, except one motion to adjourn and to fix the time to which the Board shall adjourn. A second motion for the previous ques- tion shall not be in order on the same day upon the same ques- tion, at the same stage thereof. 23. When a question is postponed indefinitely, the same shall not be acted on again during the session. 24. Any Lady Manager may call for a division of the ques- tion, which shall be divided if it comprehends questions so dis- tinct that, one being taken away, the rest may stand entire for the decision of the Board; a motion to strike out and insert shall be deemed divisible. But a motion to strike out being lost, shall preclude neither amendment nor a motion to strike out and insert. Nor shall a motion to strike out and insert one thing, 40 Board of Lady Managers. being lost, preclude a motion to strike out and insert a different thing. 25. Motions and reports on any subject may be committed at the pleasure of the Board. 26. A motion to postpone or commit an amendment, thereby to separate it from the main question, shall not be in order. 27. No motion to reconsider any vote given shall be made, unless within two days (Sunday excepted) after such vote was given, unless a majority of three-fourths present concur therein; and the motion to reconsider shall be a privileged motion, and must be made by a Lady Manager who voted with the prevailing side. 28. No motion or proposition different from that under con- sideration shall be admitted under colo.r of amendment. 29. When a paper is first presented to the Board, it shall be a matter of right in any Lady Manager to have it read before the Board shall vote upon it. If the paper has been once read, or the reading dispensed with, and the reading be again required and objected to, it shall be determined by a vote of the Board. 30. The unfinished business in which the Board was engaged at the last preceding adjournment shall have the preference in that class of business to which it appropriately belongs; and no motion, or any other business, unless a privileged one, shall be received without special leave of the Board, until the former is disposed of. 31. The standing rules of the Board, and the regular order of business, shall not be suspended or interrupted unless by a vote of two-thirds of the Lady Managers present. 32. Communications, memorials, and other papers addressed to the Board shall be presented by the presiding officer, or by a member in her place; a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be verbally made by the introducer before received or disposed of. 33. Upon call of the Board to take the yeas and nays on any question, the names of the Lady Managers-at-Large shall first be called in alphabetical order; then the Lady Managers of Rules of Order and Procedure. 41 the States in the alphabetical order of the States; then the Lady Managers of the Territories in the alphabetical order of the Territories, and then the Lady Managers of the District of Columbia. The ayes and noes shall not be ordered unless upon the demand of five (5) Lady Managers. 34. No committee shall sit during the sitting of the Board without special leave. 35. All questions of order shall be noted by the Clerk upon the Journal, with a decision thereon when an appeal shall be taken. 36. All questions relating to the order of business to be acted upon shall be decided without debate. 37. Every motion to alter, change, or add to the standing rules of the Board shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations; and all resolutions presented shall be disposed of by the Board, unless postponed, referred, or com- mitted to a committee. 38. An order to lay on the table an amendment or substitute shall not carry with it the original proposition or motion. Quorum. 39. A quorum shall consist of not less than a majority of the Lady Managers, but the alternates representing absent Lady Managers shall be counted as Lady Managers. 42 Board of Lady Managers. The Board of Lady Managers, at their session held Wednes- day, November 26, 1890, passed the following resolution: "Resolved, That the President appoint a Committee of three, who, with the Secretary, will examine the minutes, correct and verify them." In accordance therewith, the following Committee was ap- pointed: MRS. THATCHER, DR. FRANCES DICKINSON, and MRS. MULLIGAN. Attest: We, the undersigned, members of said Committee, do hereby certify that we have carefully examined the minutes of the pro- ceedings of the November session, 1890, of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission, and that the following is a correct copy thereof. MRS. SOLOMON THATCHER, JR., Chairman. \ Committee. MRS. JAMES A. MULLIGAN, Attest: BERTHA M. H. PALMER, President. CHICAGO, May 9, 1891. [See Opposite Page.] OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session First Day, Wednesday, Nov. 19, 1890. Pursuant to the following resolutions of the Executive Com- mittee of the World's Columbian Commission, adopted October 21, 1890, the ladies, afterward constituting the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission, were called to order in Kinsley's Hall, Chicago, at 12 o'clock noon, by Presi- dent T. W. Palmer: Resolutions passed by the Columbian Commission were then read, as follows: Resolved, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, be and he is hereby respectfully requested to call a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, in the City of Chicago, on the ipth of Novem- ber, 1890, for the purpose of organization and the transaction of such other business as may come before said Board. Resolved, further, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, Presi- dent, and Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary, are requested to make arrangements to secure a suitable hall in which said Board of Lady Managers can hold their daily meetings. (43) 44 Board of Lady Managers. Resolved, further, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, Presi- dent, is requested to call said Board of Lady Managers to order at 12 o'clock M., on said ipth of November next and preside until they shall have elected a Chairman and Secretary, and that Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary, is directed to officiate as Secretary on said ipth of November next until they shall have elected their Chairman and Secretary. Resolved, further, That it is the sense of the Executive Committee that the law of Congress authorizes the organization of the Board of Lady Managers at an early date, and the Presi- dent of this Commission, Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, is authorized and requested to communicate with the Secretary of the Treas- ury, and request, on behalf of this Commission, favorable con- struction of the Act of Congress relative to the subsistence and transportation of the Board of Lady Managers for the meeting of said Board on November 19, 1890. Resolved, further, That the President shall not issue the call above mentioned until he receives information from the Secretary of the Treasury that the subsistence and transportation for the members of the Board of Lady Managers have been allowed. Resolved, further, That a committee of two be appointed by the President to proceed to Washington to take up this sub- ject with the Secretary of the Treasury, in order to secure a prompt decision. After an invocation by the Rev. Florence Kalloch, Presi- dent Palmer made the following address: ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT PALMER. Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission: I need not say that it gives me great pleasure to welcome you to a participation in the management of the World's Columbian Exposition. While the ordinary greetings of social life may not seem apropos, I may be permitted to express to you the thanks of the Commission for your ready and patriotic acceptance of proffered burdens as I am sure you will earn and receive the eventual thanks cf i'.;e Nation for loyal and efficient service. Minutes of First Session. 45 Recognized by the Congress of the United States as an inte- gral part of the Commission, I shall not address you in the ordi- nary fanfaronade which custom has hitherto sanctioned where nothing has been conceded to woman save a right to promote, philanthropic or sentimental enterprises. I shall not commence with Semiramis or Helen of Troy and come down through recorded history to Dorothy Dix, Florence Nightingale, Anna Ella Carroll to illustrate what woman can do; I shall not cite Zenobia, Joan of Arc, Catherine of Russia, Queens Elizabeth, Isabella, Maria Theresa, Mrs. Somerville, and scores now living, to show her capacity in statecraft, war, social reforms, or practical affairs. I will merely say that, hitherto, woman has been found as fully equal to the exigencies of her situation as man, and, that when responsibility has been placed upon her, she has developed under it as well as man. It is the first time, however, in the history of our Govern- ment that woman has been fully recognized in the administration of a great public trust like this, and the action of Congress, in passing the bill with this feature, has met the general approval of our people. Under this Act, " Said Commission is authorized and required to appoint a Board of Lady Managers, of such number and to perform such duties as maybe prescribed by the Commission." In pursuance of that authorization and requirement, the World's Columbian Commission incorporated the following section, known as Section Eleven, in its By-Laws: " BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. "The Board of Lady Managers shall consist of two women from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, to be nominated by Commissioners from the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia, and of one woman to be nominated by each of the Commissioners-at-Large, and to be appointed by the President; and also nine women of the City of Chicago, to be appointed by the President, as has been expressly determined by the order of the Commission; and a like number of alternates, to be appointed in the same manner as the princi- pals, and to assume the duties and functions of such principals 46 Board of Lady Managers. only when the principals are unable to attend. Principals and alternates shall be duly commissioned in accordance with the direction of the Commission. The Board of Lady Managers shall be convened by the order of the Executive Committee of the Commission, at such time and place as it may deem proper, and, when so convened, shall organize by the election of a Chair- man and Secretary. The duration of such first meeting, as well as the number and duration of each subsequent meeting, shall be wholly under the control and be determined by said Executive Committee. The members of this Board shall be officers of the Commission, and shall perform such duties in connection with the Woman's Department of the Exposition as said Executive Com- mittee shall prescribe. Each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive six dollars per day for each day necessarily absent from home engaged in the work of the Commission, and also the expenses for transportation actually incurred by her on that account. The alternates shall receive no compensation nor expenses for transportation, except in cases where their principals are unable to attend to the duties assigned to them. No expenses for transportation shall be allowed except the travel be author- ized by the said Executive Committee and certified accordingly." Ladies, you have before you the organic law of Congress commanding the creation of the Board to which you belong Article XI. of the By-Laws of the Commission, providing for such creation and prescribing the method of your convening, your organization, your rights, duties, and your compensation. In entering upon your duties, I need not advert to the mag- nitude of the undertaking involved, nor to the fact that, as the work progresses, new vistas of activity and effort will open before you. The Commission, as well as its officers, will always be happy to consult and interchange opinions upon the common object and tending to a common end. Did I feel equal to it, I would not volunteer advice nor assume the didactic to a body whose composition I so highly regard and the opinions of whose individual members I so much respect, lest thereby I might seem to detract from the dignity of your position and transcend the bounds of the authority con- ferred upon me by the Commission, directing me to attend at Minutes of First Session. 47 your roll call and preside during your selection of temporary officers, preliminary to your permanent organization. These parchment commissions which have been bestowed upon you may well serve in the better days to come as titles of a nobility, as far beyond what has passed for nobility in half- developed society as the future shall be beyond the ages when hereditary titles arose. That your children's children, to many generations, should cite their descent from Lady Managers of an Exposition which served as a mile-stone to mark the world's grandest and swiftest progress, lies in your hands and brains to-day. All that American women ever lacked opportunity is here, and from every State and Territory the women of the hour are here to take advantage thereof. It needs no gift of prophecy to enable one to predict that the future will justify the wisdom of the creation of your Board, and the selection of its individual members. Secretary Dickinson was directed to call the roll and deliver to each member of the Board and alternate present the certifi- cates of the Commission; said official roll and certificates to serve as the recognized authentic credentials of the Board. Upon roll-call, the following ladies responded to their names: MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; New York, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie T. Hund- ley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isa- bella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary Richards Kinder, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Florida, Mrs. Mary C. Bell; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph 48 Board of Lady Managers. C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances Welles Shepard; Indiana, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith; Iowa, Mrs. Whit- ing S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate Hutch- ins Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. William Reed, Mrs. Alex- ander Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michi- gan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; Minne- sota, Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. John M. Stone; Missouri, Miss Phcebe W. Couzins, LL. B., Miss Lillian Mason Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Busselle, Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, alternate; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hart- pence; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Payton; Pennsyl- vania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless, Mrs. Harriet Anne Lucas; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Charlotte Field Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen Morton Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida Loving Turner; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell; Virginia, Mrs. John Sergeant Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Me- lissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Hough ton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. Newton Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. William P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Har- rison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. Minutes of First Session. 49 MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Lauretta Lov- ell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. Harmon Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret Elaine Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Frances Dickinson, M. D., Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. ALTERNATES FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Miss Sara T. Hallo- well, Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck, Mrs. Annie C. Meyers, Mrs. Martha H. Ten Eyck, Mrs. Margaret Isabelle Sandes, Mrs. Leander Stone, Mrs. A. L. Chetlain. ALTERNATES PRESENT, BUT NOT REPRESENTING THEIR PRINCIPALS. Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, Ohio; Mrs. Patti Moore, Missouri; Mrs. Annie L. Y. Swart, Missouri; Mrs. Marie J. Gaston, South Dakota; Mrs. M. A. B. Martin, Nebraska. The Secretary announced a quorum. The Board proceeded to the election of a Temporary Chairman and Secretary. Mrs. Will- iam Felton, Georgia, elected Temporary Chairman, and Miss Cora D. Payne, Kentucky, Temporary Secretary, by a unanimous vote. Mrs. Felton, upon assuming the chair, spoke as follows: Dear Ladies of this Commission As a Southern woman, I certainly appreciate this compliment at your hands, and my own inexperience gives me more serious concern at this hour than at any other time in my life before. I can only promise to do my very best in this unexpected position. I must rely upon your good will, or I shall make a dismal failure of the job. My heart is full of kindness to every one of you. I know no North, no South, no East, no West. We are all dear sisters engaged in a work full of patriotism and loyalty under the grand old flag in the home of our fathers. 50 Board of Lady Managers. I have no friends to reward, no foes to punish. I am simply your humble servant in a very important place, and I feel my insignificance and my inexperience very greatly at this hour. We are here as an official body clothed with some authority. We are allowed, I suppose, to make our own rules, and we have elected some officers for a little while. It is the first time in the history of the republic that the woman has been recognized as competent to attend to any sort of public business by the National Government. It is the very first recognition of woman's services as a citizen and a taxpayer by Congress. Therefore I feel the necessity, as an individual, of making haste very slowly in all matters concerning our permanent organization. Let us set an example that others may feel, in years to come, an example of prudence, of patience, of generous good will to every member of the body, and of faithful devotion to our duty. Let us take no step forward that we shall regret afterward. Let us remember that we are on trial before this great Nation. There is a large class in this country who are inimical to us, judging by the news- papers, who suppose that we are supernumeraries, if not super- fluous appendages to this World's Fair Commission. For myself I feel that this is woman's grand opportunity. This is the time to show to all concerned that we can be relied upon for effective, faithful, devoted work in all departments connected with the World's Fair Commission. Therefore, again entreating your kind assistance in the discharge of the duty of Temporary Chairman, I pronounce this Commission in session, and ready for business. Miss Payne expressed thanks for the honor conferred. Miss Ford, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to President Palmer and Secretary Dickinson for the very able manner in which each has discharged the duties of his office. Seconded and carried. Mrs. D. F. Verdeual, New York, offered the following reso- lution, which was seconded: Resolved, That a Committee on Permanent Organization, consisting of twelve, be appointed by the Chair to recommend a list of permanent officers necessary to the proper conduct of this Commission, and to define the duties pertaining to the same, and Minutes of First Session. 51 they shall further report what Standing Committees shall be appointed, and the duties and powers of each. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, submitted the following resolution as a substitute: Resolved, That a Committee on Permanent Organization, composed of twelve, divided equally in politics, no two repre- senting the same State, shall be appointed by the Chair to recommend to this Board the names of permanent officers for this Board, to consist of President, Secretary, and four Vice- Presidents, chosen from six States. Resolved, further, That before determining upon their recommendation said Committee shall sit for two hours to hear the individual views and preferences of such members of the Board as may desire to address them in that behalf, after giving due notice of time and place for said meeting of Committee. Mrs. Thatcher moved that the original resolution and the substitute be laid upon the table. Carried. Dr. Dickinson: Resolved, That a Committee of ten on Permanent Organiza- tion be elected by this body, who shall report to-morrow morning a list of offices necessary to the conduct of this Board. Amendment offered by Mrs. Logan: That a Committee of eight on Permanent Organization be appointed by the Chair, to report to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock. Amendment by Mrs. Reed: Resolved, That a Committee of eight be appointed to recom- mend suitable persons to be elected permanent Chairman and Secretary, to report to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock, when this Board shall adjourn to meet again. The vote being taken viva voce on the amendment of Mrs. Reed, it was lost; and a division being called for on Mrs. Logan's amendment, it was also lost. The question recurring on the reso- lution of Dr. Dickinson, it was unanimously adopted. On motion of Mrs. Lewis, Chicago, the Board adjourned to 10 A. M., Thursday, the 2oth. 52 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session Second Day, Thursday, Nov. 20, 1890. The Board met, pursuant to adjournment, at Kinsley's Hall, Chicago, November 2oth, 10 A. M., with Mrs. Felton, Georgia, Chairman pro tern, in the chair. Prayer by Mrs. H. M. Barker, South Dakota. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT- LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; New York, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie Toney Hundley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. P. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Con- necticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary Richards Kinder, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Flor- ida, Mrs. Mary C. Bell; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Minutes of First Session. 53 Ciarles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Frances Welles Shepard; Indiana, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Mrs. Virginia C. Mere- dith; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Ken- tucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate Hutchins Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. Wm. Reed, Mrs. Alexander Thomson; Massachu- setts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah C. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee; Missouri, Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, LL. B., Miss Lillian Mason Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy, Mrs. M. A. B. Martin, alternate; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Busselle, Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, alternate; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles S. Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Pay ton; Pennsyl- vania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless, Mrs. Harriet Anne Lucas; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Charlotte Field Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen Morton Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Mrs. Man 7 A. Cochran; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell; Virginia, Mrs. John Sergeant Wise; Washington, Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs W. Newton Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. 54 Board of Lady Managers. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Lauretta Lovell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret B. Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Frances Dickinson, M. D., Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr. The minutes of the preceding day were read by the Secre- tary, and approved. Mrs. Hooker offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Secretary be authorized to have the min- utes printed daily, for the convenience of the Lady Managers, and thus dispense with the reading of the minutes each morning. Seconded. Carried. The Chair announced as the unfinished business before the Board, the election of the Committee of Ten, embodied in the resolution of Dr. Dickinson. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved a reconsideration of Doctor Dickinson's resolution. It was seconded and carried. Mrs. Thatcher moved to lay the resolution on the table. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Commission proceed at once to the elec- tion of a permanent Chairman and Secretary. Doctor Dickinson moved to amend by the insertion of the word " President" instead of " Chairman," which amendment was accepted, and the resolution adopted. Minutes of First Session. f>5 Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we proceed to the election of President, by ballot. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, in a nominating speech, presented the name of Mrs. Potter Palmer, Chicago, as permanent Presi- dent of the Board. Seconded by Mrs. Deane, California. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, nominated Mrs. John A. Logan, District of Columbia, who declined in favor of Mrs. Palmer, and there being no other nominations, the Chair directed the Secre- tary to call the roll. One hundred and nine members responded, fifty-five being necessary to an election. The Chair appointed Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky; Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia; MissCouzins, Missouri; and Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, as tellers. The ballot being taken, the Chair announced a unanimous vote for Mrs. Potter Palmer, 108 votes having been cast, and appointed Mrs. Cantrill and Mrs. Logan a committee to escort Mrs. Palmer to the chair. MRS. PALMER: Ladies I feel deeply the honor of being called upon to preside over this Commission. My humility never asserted itself more strongly than now, as I stand among so many distinguished women of national fame, whose brilliant careers have been a matter of pride to the entire country. One friend has flat- teringly put me in nomination, and another, Mrs. Logan, who seconded me in so cordial a manner, is one whose life has been largely passed in the fierce glare of public life and whose fine qualities have thereby been rendered the more apparent. She has shown by her words, not my worth, but the qualities of her own generous heart. When she speaks she is necessarily elo- quent, and in this case I am the fortunate gainer. The kindness expressed to me personally by the ladies of the Commission also, in placing this great responsibility in my hands, has greatly touched me. 56 Board of Lady Managers. My position differs slightly from that of your temporary Chairman in this, that while I have no enemies to punish, I have many friends to reward all of this Commission. I regret, after such a mark of confidence, that I have to ask the indulgence of the ladies for my inexperience in presiding. I hope that when we have been holding meetings as long as the other sex, a knowl- edge of parliamentary law will be taken as a matter of course in every woman's training. In the meantime we may amend an amendment just a few times too often, or be put to confusion by some experienced and wily tactician suddenly springing " the previous question;" we may surprise Roberts and Gushing by proving that motions down in their manuals as undebatable present no difficulties in that line to us. We trust that these lapses may only be attributed to a commendable excess of zeal, stimulated by our ambition to keep things as lively as they do in our great model, the other Commission. We must, however, seriously realize the greatness of the opportunity which has been given us. I felt yesterday, as the ladies met in this room, and the North shook hands with the South, the East with the West, that this first meeting in sympa- thetic intercourse of women from all parts of the country, and their learning to work with and understand each other, must result in a great broadening of the horizon of all con- cerned. The full benefit of this intermingling will not be felt, how- ever, unless we, each and all, are generously willing to leave for a time the narrow boundaries in which our individual lives are passed, to give our minds and hearts an airing by entering into the thoughts and aspirations of others, and enjoying the alluring vistas which are open before us. In this fresh, breezy atmos- phere, brightened by the warm sunshine of sympathy, we will be surprised to find that many of our familiar old conventional truths look very queer in some of the sudden side lights thrown on them, and are not half so respectable and dignified as we fancied them. Above all things else, harmonious action is necessary. That is the foundation which we must have for the superstruct- ure that is to be gradually erected, and which we trust will be the successful result of our work together. Ladies, again I thank you most heartily. Minutes of First Session. 57 A vote of thanks was unanimously given the temporary Chairman, Mrs. Felton, for her impartial and efficient presidency during the trying hours of organization. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following resolution, and moved its adoption: Resolved, That we, the Lady Managers of the World's Colum- bian Commission, tender to Mr. and Mrs. Potter Palmer and the Lady Commissioners of Chicago our heartiest thanks for the delightful reception tendered to this body at the Palmer House last evening. Seconded and adopted. Motion to adjourn to 2.30 p. 1,1. seconded and carried. The Board convened at 2.30 p. M., the presiding officer (Mrs. Palmer) in the chair. The Chair announced the election of permanent Secretary as the first business before the Board. It was moved by Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, that before the regular business the Chair appoint a committee of three to confer with the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission to notify it that the Lady Managers had elected a permanent Chairman, and to confer with it as to the duties and privileges of this Board. Seconded. On motion of Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, Mrs. Meredith's motion was laid on the table. Dr. Dickinson, Chicago, moved that the election of perma- nent Secretary be at once proceeded with, and all nominations be made from the floor. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, Connecticut, in a nominating speech, presented the name of Miss Phoebe Couzins, Missouri. Miss Busselle, New Jersey, presented the name of Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke, Tennessee. Mrs. Langworthy, Nebraska, nominated Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Iowa. Mrs. E. W. Allen, Oregon; Miss Eliza Russell, Nevada; Dr. Frances Dickinson, Chicago, and 68 Board of Lady Managers. Miss Cora D. Payne, Kentucky, were placed in nomination, Dr. Frances Dickinson declining. The Chair appointed Mrs. Russell Harrison, Montana, Mrs. Ryan, Texas, and Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, to act as tellers, and directed the Secretary to call the roll. Pending the ballot, the following communication was re- ceived from the World's Columbian Commission: To the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Ex- position: LADIES By direction of the World's Columbian Commis- sion, I have the honor to transmit to your Board the accompany- ing resolution just unanimously adopted by the Commission now in session in this city. I have the honor to be your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. Resolved, That this Commission heartily congratulates the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition upon its organization, and the unanimous election of Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago, as its permanent Chairman, and that the Secretary of this Commission be directed to transmit a copy of this resolution to the Board of Lady Managers directly. Moved by Mrs. Deane, California, that a vote of thanks be ex- tended to the Commission for its hearty indorsement of the choice of the Board this morning for President. Seconded and adopted. The Secretary announced the following result of the first ballot for permanent Secretary: Miss Couzins 30 Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke 31 Mrs. Whiting S. Clark 24 Mrs. E. W. Allen 10 Miss Eliza M. Russell 6 Miss Cora D. Payne 3 Total number of votes cast 104 Necessary to a choice 53 The Chairman announced that no one having received a majority of all the votes cast, another ballot would be taken. Moved by Mrs. Baker, South Dakota, that the three ladies Minutes of First Session. 59 having the highest number of ballots cast be regarded as the nominees of this convention. Seconded. Carried. The Board proceeded to cast its second ballot for Mrs. Cooke, Miss Couzins, and Mrs. Clark. Moved by Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, that a recess of ten minutes be taken, which was lost. The Secretary announced the result of the second ballot as follows : Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke 38 Miss Phoebe Couzins 31 Mrs. Whiting S. Clark 33 Total number of votes cast 104 Necessary to a choice 53 No one having a majority of all the votes cast, the Chair- man announced that another ballot would be taken. A third ballot was taken with the following result : Miss Phoebe Couzins 50 Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke 31 Mrs. Whiting S. Clark. 22 Total number of votes cast 103 Necessary to a choice 52 No one having received a majority of all the votes cast, the Chair announced that a fourth ballot would be necessary, and inquired if it was the pleasure of the Commission to drop the name of the candidate receiving the least number of votes. Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Iowa, declined to withdraw her name from the list, and the fourth ballot was taken with the fol- lowing result: Miss Phoebe Couzins 51 Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke 32 Mrs. Whiting S. Clark 16 Blanks 2 Total number of votes cast 101 Necessary to a choice 51 60 Board of Lady Managers. The Chair announced that Miss Phoebe Couzins having re- ceived a majority of all the votes cast was duly elected perma- nent Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission, and appointed Mrs. Hooker and Mrs. Carse a committee to conduct Miss Couzins to the platform. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee of ten be elected by this body who shall report to-morrow morning a list of further officers necessary to the conduct of this Board, including committees and also rules of procedure. Mrs. Carse, Illinois, suggested that the committee be nom- inated and elected by ballot. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved the resolution be so amended that the Chair should appoint the Committee of Ten, which would constitute a nomination. Mrs. Hooker accepted the amendment, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Moved and seconded that a vote of thanks be extended to Miss Payne, Kentucky, for the efficient discharge of her duties as temporary Secretary. An amendment was offered by Doctor Dickinson providing that in case at any time in the future our Secretary receive a sal- ary, we then vote some compensation to Miss Payne for her work done for us. Motion seconded and carried. The Chair named the following ladies to constitute the Committee of Permanent Organization, under the resolution of Mrs. Hooker: Mrs. Isabella B. Hooker, Connecticut; Mrs. J. J. Bagley (at- large), Michigan; Mrs. Rosine Ryan (at-large), Texas; Mrs. J. S. Wise, Virginia; Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, New York; Mrs. James R. Deane, California; Mrs. Jonas H. French, Massachusetts; Mrs. James P. Eagle, Arkansas; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago, and Mrs. Harriet A. Lucas, Pennsylvania. Minutes of First Session. 61 Mrs. Felton, Georgia, offered the following resolution: JZesolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the Chair to confer with the gentleman Commissioners as to their con- struction of the law authorizing the appointment of this Board of Lady Managers; that we may not exceed the proper limit in expenses or in any other direction which may expose our organ- ization to unfriendly criticism by Congress or by the country. Let us make sure that we are in harmony with the law and with the Commissioners. Resolution seconded. Doctor Dickinson, Chicago, offered the following substitute: Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Chair to formally notify the World's Columbian Commissioners that the Board of Lady Managers has elected a permanent Presi- dent and Secretary. A division being called for on Doctor Dickinson's substitute, it was lost; and the question recurring on the original resolution it was adopted. The Secretary was instructed to cast the vote of the Board for the Committee of Permanent Organization. The Chair appointed the following ladies as the Committee of Conference under Mrs. Felton's resolution: Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Georgia; Mrs. Virginia C. "Meredith, Indiana; Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia; Miss Mary E. Bus- selle, New Jersey; Mrs. John S. Briggs, Nebraska. The Board then adjourned to n o'clock Friday morning, November 2ist. 62 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session Third Day, Friday, Nov. 21, 1890. The Board convened at 1 1 A. M., the presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) inquired the pleasure of the Board as to opening each meeting with prayer. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, moved that each session be opened with prayer. Seconded and adopted.. Prayer by Mrs. Carse. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lock wood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Hattie T. Hundley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Win. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Minutes of First Session. 63 Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isa- bella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary R. Kinder, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Florida, Mrs. Mary C. Bell, Miss E. Nellie Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances W. Shepard; Indiana, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne: Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate H. Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. William Reed, Mrs. Alex. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee; Missouri, Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, LL.B., Miss Lillian M. Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy, Mrs. John S. Briggs; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Busselle, Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, alternate; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Payton; Penn- sylvania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Charlotte Field Dailey; South Caro- lina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen Morton Barker; Ten- nessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cochran; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs Elizabeth V. Grinnell; Virginia, Mrs. John Sergeant Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Melissa 64 Board of Lady Managers. D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. New- ton Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Wra. P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harri- son, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Laurette Lov- ell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret B. Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Frances Dickinson, M. D., Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. It was moved that the reading of the minutes be dispensed with. Seconded and adopted. The following communications were read: NOVEMBER 20, 1890. MADAM PRESIDENT: The States' Association requests the Lady Managers and their alternates to attend a lecture on the subject of the World's Fairs, by Gen. C. B. Norton, at the club- room of the Palmer House, on Monday evening, November 24th. The great experience of General Norton in exposition work, and his thorough familiarity with the subject, assure an interesting occasion. Very respectfully, HERVEY SHELDON, LEROY D. THOMAN, Secretary. President. MRS. PALMER: If the Lady Managers will be kind enough to study the circular which is printed on the last page of the " sample " voucher which is to be distributed this morning, and will render an account of their expenditures according to the instructions contained in said circular, and covering the expendi- Minutes of First Session. 65 tures en route to Chicago, I will have their vouchers completed by adding the proper amount due for subsistence, and an amount equal to the expenditure incurred in coming here to cover the expense of returning home. The vouchers, when completed, approved, and sworn to, as the law requires, will be paid by check on the Assistant United States Treasurer at Chicago. I will be in attendance in this building with a notary public and disburs- ing clerk, and will give any further information which may be required. Very respectfully, FRED BRACKETT, Chief Clerk United States Treasury Department. The Secretary expressed her thanks in the following address, for her election the previous day: LADIES: The hour was late yesterday when my election was announced, and each and all were weary with the long day, so that 1 did not feel equal to the effort of thanking you for the confidence you had exhibited toward me, nor of expressing in fitting terms my appreciation of your indorsement. Permit me this morning to voice my thanks. St. Louis was no mean competitor for the site of the World's Fair, and she felt sorely grieved at first over the victory that Chicago had obtained, but I think your action yesterday will go far toward healing the grievance. Chicago and St. Louis greet each other in this Board; henceforth may there be peace between them. We women cemented the bond of union, and in token thereof, I give you, Mrs. Palmer, the right hand of fellowship. As a new and untried deliberative body, you have shown your mettle from the first, in what is styled in racing parlance "the starting pole." You elected a President, not in the disor- ganized method of autocratic majority dictation, by acclamation; but, in the dignified calmness of thoughtful consideration, you presented your choice through the ballot-box. A woman of gentle birth and high breeding accentuates to the world your calibre, one to whom all our hearts turned in instantaneous allegiance, and around whom we will center all of our strength in the future, until we shall be known as the invin- cible phalanx marching toward a magnificent perfection of beauty and light for the world, in 1892. 66 Board of Lady Managers. When, in the days of chivalry, the knight-errant went forth to conflict, he pledged his fealty on bended knee before some gentle dame or dove-eyed maiden, from whose hands he received the standard of colors, or the love-knot of unswerving devotion. We, to-day, yield obeisance to our leader, and under the starry banner of the glorious blue, the white, the red, join hands with the illus- trious living and the immortal dead to make this the crowning jubilee of all centennials. But, unlike the knight of old, who went forth to shed blood, we, with our brothers, march onward to show forth the arts of peace, a united sisterhood of States, moving toward the future, not to destroy, but to fulfill the gentle law of love toward human- ity, with justice on our banners, truth in our hearts, and devotion to the loftiest principles of right. A noble vanguard of women is here delegated by legislative authority, for the first time in the history of modern nations, to formulate with man a pageant of introspection and retrospection of the arts, sciences, and industries, unified and developed under the benign protection of the law of liberty. The nations of the earth, by invitation, will here look upon this noble picture of a fair land, blossoming as the rose from out the centuries of growth toward the freedom of the golden rule, and risen out of the wilderness of the dry bones of despotism to point the moral of a republic free from the menace of the sword or the demoralization of a standing army. The sentinels of great ideas which have kept lonely vigil across the mountain tops of the cruel ages to man, in this review call to the prototype of Liberty, " What of the night, O woman, thou who for the testimony of truth hast borne universal reproach?" and Columbia, from the dome of our magnificent temple of Liberty on yonder Capitol Hill, makes answer, "Behold, the morning cometh; the priestess of this temple, Peace, advances make way and sing paeans for evermore." And we, to-day, as helpers with man, are to formulate this divine symphony. In your choice of Secretary you displayed clear grit straight through the contest; a strength of purpose seldom witnessed, even in long and well-drilled masculine organizations, was exhib- ited by you in this. Minutes of First Session. 67 It was said of the late Chief Justice Miller, of the United States Supreme Court, that he possessed that luminous instinct of common sense which the homely Socrates flashed upon the tangled problems of his day; that no fallacies curtained or obscured from him the crystal clearness of the simple truth. In the face of your deep prejudices and natural antago- nisms, the result of years of wrongful subjection of woman's thought and education, you stood firmly to the common-sense apprehension that your Secretary must be one of experience and training. You recognized the fact that you needed, in this office, one whose knowledge of public affairs would enable your organization to keep clear of the entanglement oftentimes inci- dent to new and untried bodies, and the distinctive clearness of this simple truth found expression in your choice. I trust that no regrets may ever come. An able French writer says, " Everywhere it is from the fireside of an enthusiastic or political woman that an age is lifted up or eloquence bursts forth. Always a woman as the nurse of genius, at the cradle of literature or the birth of patriotism." The leading historian of the events of 1776, says, "We owe all that which we are pleased to call distinctively American to the genius, the activity, and the character of woman." And I predict that from out this Section 6, which author- izes and incorporates this Board of Lady Managers as a part of the Columbian Exposition, woman will center and punctuate the enthusiasm of the entire exhibit. Our legislators builded better than they knew, when in dubious language they said, " This Board may appoint one or more members of all committees authorized to award prizes for exhibits which may be produced in whole or in part by female labor." Look where you will, there is nothing in the whole range of the universe but that is covered by this expansive and all-embracing phraseology. Section 6, in com- mon parlance, " scoops " the whole Act of Congress. Woman, as prime factor in the creation and production of that greatest of all industrial exhibits man himself, and the human race included starts out at the head of this procession as the ranking labor genius of the whole industrial panorama. In art, science, literature, industry, manufactures, she stands as the 68 Board of Lady Managers. ideal representative of these ennobling characteristics throughout the ages. When the merchant ships from across the seas, laden with their peace offering of industry, shall swing into the harbor of New York, lo ! the majestic figure of woman, the sentinel at the gateway of this Nation, holding aloft the electric torch of Liberty, will salute them at the port with, " Advance, and give the countersign of freedom." When, from the great marts of trade, the traveler will come from the East and West, the North and the South, to look upon the majesty of our Capitol at Washington, at its eastern portico he will find Justice guard- ing the entrance, Law within the shadow of the judicial court- room, Liberty crowning the dome, and Peace, attended by Faith, Hope, and Charity, upon its western slope, all prefigured by and through woman. When on the shores of Lake Michigan he enters the beautiful temples dedicated to art, science, literature, music, poetry, history, wisdom, religion, industry, lo ! the figure of woman typifies them all. When within the gates of agriculture, horticulture, floricult- ure, commerce, navigation, he " views the landscape o'er," behold ! woman symbolizes each and every one. But, if perchance he will gaze on the pomp and so-called glory of a proposed military encampment, a proposition entirely antagonistic to this review of the arts of peace, there he shall see the types of the past subjugation of all the higher attributes repre- sented through man alone. War, death, and the devil have come down to us symbolized in masculine form, throughout the ages ; but mythology and prophecy foretell that this trinity of evils to the human race is finally to be overthrown by and through the potentiality of woman. Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, conquered Mars, the great god of war, and buried him beneath seven acres of ground, a burial that forever forbids his resurrection. The child of woman, divinely born, is to conquer both Satan and death, and usher in the dawn of "Peace on earth, good-will to man." Let us then take as our emblem the white rose of the North and the sweet magnolia of the South, joined to the red, the white, the blue, and, through the hand of woman, invite the Minutes of First Session. 69 nations to " Behold how good and pleasant it is for humanity to dwell together in unity." The Secretary directed attention to the pages in attendance, through whom all resolutions could be sent by the members to the desk. The Chair called for the report of committees. Mrs. Felton, Chairman of the Committee on Conference, asked for further time to prepare, as the members had not, as yet, been called together. The Committee on Permanent Organization, Mrs. Hooker, Chairman, was called, and asking for a few moments more of time, the Board listened to the recommendations of prominent connoisseurs on art, in behalf of Miss Sara T. Hallowell, of Philadelphia, as Art Director of the World's Columbian Exposi- tion of 1893, and at the close the following preamble and reso- lutions were presented by Mrs. Reed, of Maryland: WHEREAS, Miss Sara T. Hallowell, of Philadelphia, has been warmly and universally recommended by the great collectors, artists, and directors of fine art museums of our country, as being eminently qualified to fill the position of Fine Art Director of the World's Columbian Exposition; and WHEREAS, It has been represented that her sex is being urged as a disqualification for this office by some of the Com- mittee on Fine Arts, who at the same time concede that the same eminently satisfactory indorsement for any man would insure his appointment to this office, therefore be it Resolved, That the Lady Managers of this Commission respectfully ask that the gentlemen of the Art Committee will not make sex a disqualification and thereby take action con- trary to the spirit of the age and inconsistent with the inten- tion of Congress, as expressed by its legislation in reference to this great work; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution and request be sent to the Chairman of the Fine Art Committee of the World's Columbian Exposition. Resolutions seconded and adopted. 70 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Briggs, Nebraska, moved that a vote of thanks be ten- dered to the proprietors of the Auditorium Theatre for their magnificent presentation on the boards of that theatre for the benefit of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, submitted the following resolu- tion: Resolved, That it is the voice of this Woman's Board of the World's Columbian Exposition that the honor of the American Sunday shall be preserved by the closing of the Exposition for barter and exchange on that day. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) requested Mrs. Lucas to withdraw her resolution until after the Committee on Permanent Organiza- tion had reported, to which Mrs. Lucas agreed. The Committee on Permanent Organization, through Mrs. Hooker, Chairman, submitted the following report: In order that you may understand the report of this Com- mittee, allow me to state that every member of this Commission should be provided with the official manual of the gentlemen's Commission, because our report has constant reference to this manual, and we shall be compelled, in order to transact our busi- ness under their direction, to become familiar with the methods laid down in this manual. " i. The rules of order and procedure of this Board shall be the same as those adopted by the Commission, to be found on page 153 of the Official Manual, which reads as follows : RULES OF ORDER AND PROCEDURE FOR SESSIONS OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. Touching the Duties of the President. 1. She shall take the Chair every day, precisely at the hour to which the Board shall stand adjourned, and on the appearance of a quorum shall cause the Journal of the preceding day to be read. 2. She shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points of order in preference to Lady Managers on the floor, Minutes of First Session. 71 rising from her chair for that purpose. She shall decide ques- tions of order, subject to an appeal to the Board on request of any two Lady Managers. 3. She may state a question sitting, but shall rise to put a question to the vote of the Board. 4. Questions shall be distinctly put in this form, viz.: "All you who are of opinion that (as the question, may be), say 'Aye.' You of the contrary opinion, say 'No.'" If the presiding offi- cer doubt, or a division be called for, the Board shall divide; those in the affirmative shall first rise from their seats, and after- ward those in the negative. If the presiding officer still doubt, or a count be required, the presiding officer shall name two Lady Managers, one from each side, to tell those in the affirmative and the negative; and the result being reported, she shall rise and state the decision to the Board. And on every vote there shall be a call of the ayes and noes when demanded by five Lady Managers. 5. The presiding officer may examine and correct the Jour- nal before it is read. 6. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or lobbies, the presiding officer shall have power to order the same to be cleared. Order of Business. 7. As soon as the Journal is read and approved, the presid- ing officer shall call for communications and memorials. The same having been presented and disposed of, reports, first from the standing and then from select committees, shall be called for; next, motions and resolutions; and if on any day the whole of the committees have not been called, or, being called, shall not have finished their reports, or any report shall not have been disposed of, the presiding officer, on the next day, shall com- mence where she left off on the preceding day, and so on until all are called. Decorum and Order. 8. When a Lady Manager is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Board, she shall rise from her seat and respectfully address herself to " Mrs. President," and, 72 Board of Lady Managers. being recognized by the presiding officer, may proceed, but shall confine herself to the question under debate, and avoid personal itiesi 9. If any Lady Manager, in speaking, or otherwise, trans- gress the rules of the Board, the presiding officer shall, or any member may, call her to order; in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down, unless permitted to explain; and the Board, if appealed to, shall decide on the case; if there be no appeal, the decision of the presiding officer shall be submitted to. If the decision be in favor of the Lady Manager called to order, she shall be at liberty to proceed; if otherwise, she shall not be at liberty to proceed without leave of the Board; and if the case require it, she shall be liable to the censure of the Board. 10. If a Lady Manager be called to order by another for words spoken in debate, the exceptional words shall be immedi- ately taken down in writing by the Secretary, that the presiding officer may be better able to judge of the matter. 11. When two or more Lady Managers rise at once, the presiding officer shall name the Lady Manager who first addressed the Chair as the one entitled to the floor. 12. No Lady Manager shall speak more than twice to the same question without leave of the Board, nor more than once until every Lady Manager choosing to speak shall have spoken. But the Chairman of a Committee reporting, or the mover of the pending resolution or proposition, shall have the right to conclude the debate. 13. While the presiding officer is putting any question or addressing the Board, none shall walk out or across the chamber; nor when a Lady Manager is speaking shall any other entertain private discourse or pass between her and the Chair. 14. No Lady Manager shall vote on any question in the event of which she is immediately or particularly interested, or in any case where she was not present when the question was put, unless by the unanimous consent of the Board. 15. Every Lady Manager who shall be present when the question is put shall give her vote, unless the Board, for special reasons, or the presiding officer, upon being satisfied that the motion or request is made for dilatory purposes, shall excuse her. Minutes of First Session. 73 1 6. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be stated by the presiding officer, or, being in writing, shall be handed to the Chair, and read aloud by the Clerk, before debated. 17. Every motion shall be reduced to writing, if the presid- ing officer or any Lady Manager desire it. 1 8. After a motion is stated by the presiding officer, or read by the Clerk, it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Board, but may be withdrawn, if there be no objection, at any time before a decision or amendment. Dignity and Privilege of Questions. 19. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to fix the time to which the Board shall adjourn, to adjourn, to lie on the table, for the previous question, to post- pone to a day certain, to commit, or to postpone indefinitely, which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they are arranged. 20. When a motion is made to refer any subject, and differ- ent committees are named, the question shall be taken in the following order: i. To a Committee of the Whole. 2. A Standing Committee. 3. A Select Committee. 21. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order: that, and the motion to lie on the table, to suspend the rules, and for the previous question, shall be decided without debate. 22. The previous question being moved and seconded by not less than ten Lady Managers, the question from the Chair shall be, " Shall the main question be now put ?" and if the nays prevail, the main question shall not then be put. But a refusal to order the previous question shall not bar the Board from forthwith proceeding to the consideration of the subject. The effects of the previous question shall be to put an end to all debate (except that the Chairman of the Committee reporting, or the mover of the pending resolution or motion, may occupy not more than twenty (20) minutes in concluding the debate after such order) and bring the Board to a direct vote upon amendments offered, or read for information, before ordering the previous question, and then upon the main question. After the previous question has been ordered, and until it shall have been 74 Board of Lady Managers. exhausted, no motion shall be allowed by the presiding officer, except one motion to adjourn and to fix the time to which the Board shall adjourn. A second motion for the previous ques- tion shall not be in order on the same day upon the same ques- tion, at the same stage thereof. 23. When a question is postponed indefinitely, the same shall not be acted on again during the session. 24. Any Lady Manager may call for a division of the ques- tion, which shall be divided, if it comprehends questions so distinct that, one being taken away, the rest may stand entire for the decision of the Board; a motion to strike out and insert shall be deemed divisible. But a motion to strike out being lost, shall preclude neither amendment nor a motion to strike out and insert. Nor shall a motion to strike out and insert one thing, being lost, preclude a motion to strike out and insert a different thing. 25. Motions and reports on any subject may be committed at the pleasure of the Board: 26. A motion to postpone or commit an amendment, thereby to separate it from the main question, shall not be in order. 27. - No motion to reconsider any vote given shall be made, unless within two days (Sunday excepted) after such vote was given, unless a majority of three-fourths present concur therein; and the motion to reconsider shall be a privileged motion, and must be made by a Lady Manager who voted with the prevailing side. 28. No motion or proposition different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment. 29. When a paper is first presented to the Board, it shall be a matter of right in any Lady Manager to have it read before the Board shall vote upon it. If the paper has been once read, or the reading dispensed with, and the reading be again required and objected to, it shall be determined by a vote of the Board. 30. The unfinished business in which the Board was engaged at the last preceding adjournment shall have the preference in that class of business to which it appropriately belongs; and no motion, or any other business, unless a privileged one, shall be received without special leave of the Board, until the former is disposed of. Minutes of First Session. 75 31. The standing rules of the Board, and the regular order of business, shall not be suspended or interrupted, unless by a vote of two-thirds of the Lady Managers present. 32. Communications, memorials, and other papers, addressed to the Board, shall be presented by the presiding officer, or by a member in her place; a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be verbally made by the introducer before received or disposed of. 33. Upon call of the Board to take the yeas and nays on any question, the names of the Lady Managers-at-Large shall first be called in alphabetical order; then the Lady Managers of the States in the alphabetical order of the States; then the Lady Managers of the Territories in the alphabetical order of the Territories, and then the Lady Managers of the District of Co- lumbia. The ayes and noes shall not be ordered unless upon the demand of five (5) Lady Managers. 34. No committee shall sit during the sitting of the Board without special leave. 35. All questions of order shall be noted by the Clerk upon the Journal, with a decision thereon when an appeal shall be taken. 36. All questions relating to the order of business to be acted upon shall be decided without debate. 37. Every motion to alter, change, or add to the standing rules of the Board shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations; and all resolutions presented shall be disposed of by the Board, unless postponed, referred, or com- mitted to a committee. 38. An order to lay on the table an amendment or substi- tute shall not carry with it the original proposition or motion. Quorum. 39. A quorum shall consist of not less than a majority of the Lady Managers, but the alternates representing absent Lady Managers shall be counted as Lady Managers. " 2. The officers of this Board shall be a Chairman of the Board of Lady Managers, whose title shall be President of the Board of Lady Managers; six Vice-Presidents, whose titles shall 76 Board of Lady Managers. be first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth; a Secretary and Treasurer, who shall perform the usual duties incident to those offices. "3. There shall be twelve Standing Committees, to corre- spond with the departments prepared by the Committee on Classi- fication (to be found on page 5 of the pamphlet on Classifica- tion) which reads as follows A Agriculture, Forest Products and Forestry, Machinery and Appliances. B Viticulture, Horticulture, Floriculture. C Live Stock, Domestic and Wild Animals. D Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products, and Apparatus of Fishing. E Mine, Mining, Metallurgy. F Machinery. G Transportation, Railways, Vessels, Vehicles. H Manufactures. I Electricity. K Fine Arts. L Education, Engineering, Public Works, Architecture,. Music and Drama. M Ethnology, Archaeology, Progress of Labor, and Inven- tion. Who shall have power to elect a member to represent them on the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. " 4. There shall be an Executive Committee composed of twenty-six members, with a Chairman of its own election. Its- members shall consist of the President and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, ex-officio, and of the twelve members of the Standing Committees chosen by them to serve on this Committee, and of such others as the Board of Lady Managers may choose to elect from their own number, such election to be by ballot. ISABELLA B. HOOKER, Chairman" Mrs. Eagle moved the adoption of the report, section by section. Seconded and carried. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer), inquired if the Board was ready for the discussion, and the Board so deciding, Mrs. Hooker,. Minutes of First Session. 77 Chairman of the Committee on Permanent Organization, read the report section by section: SECTION i. The rules of order and procedure of this Board shall be the same as those adopted by the Commission, to be found on page 153 of the Official Manual. Moved that the first section of the report be adopted. Sec- onded and adopted. SEC. 2. The officers of this Board shall be a Chairman of the Board of Lady Managers, whose title shall be President of the Board of Lady Managers; six Vice-Presidents, whose titles shall be first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth; a Secretary and Treasurer, who shall perform the usual duties incident to those offices. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, moved that the number of Vice- Presidents be increased to eight, one to represent each of the following sections : The first section to include the New England States ; the second section to include New York, Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware ; the third section to include the States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Indiana, and Ohio ; the next section to include Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Kansas; the next to include Missouri, Ar- kansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma; then North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida; then Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah, and District of Columbia; and, lastly, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon. Mrs. Thatcher seconded Mrs. Felton's amendment. After protracted debate, Mrs. Felton's motion was adopted 49 ayes and 33 noes. Mrs. Hooker, Chairman of the Committee on Permanent Organization, stated that the second section having been amended and the amendment adopted, the Board would now vote on the section as a whole. SEC. 2. The officers of this Board shall be a Chairman of the 78 Board of Lady Managers. Board of Lady Managers, whose title shall be President of the Board of Lady Managers; eight Vice-Presidents, whose titles shall be first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth; a Secretary and Treasurer, who shall perform the usual duties incident to those offices. Moved that Section 2, as amended, be adopted as a whole. Seconded and adopted. SEC. 3. There shall be twelve Standing Committees, to correspond with the departments prepared by the Committee on Classification, which reads as follows: A Agriculture, Forest Products and Forestry, Machinery and Appliances. B Viticulture, Horticulture, Floriculture. C Live Stock, Domestic and Wild Animals. D Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products, and Apparatus of Fishing. E Mine, Mining, Metallurgy. F Machinery. G Transportation, Railways, Vessels, Vehicles. H Manufactures. I Electricity. K Fine Arts. L Education, Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, Music, and Drama. M Ethnology, Archaeology, Progress of Labor, and Inven- tion. Who shall have power to elect a member to represent them on the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. Moved that Section 3 be adopted. Seconded and adopted. SEC. 4. There shall be an Executive Committee composed of twenty-six members, with a Chairman of its own election. Its members shall consist of the President and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, ex-officio, and of the twelve members of the Standing Committees chosen by them to serve on this Committee, and of such others as the Board of Lady Managers may choose to elect from their own number, such election to be by ballot. Moved and seconded that Section 4 be adopted. Minutes of First Session. 79 Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following amendment : Resolved, That the Executive Committee be constituted as indicated in the report for the twelve Committees, but the whole number shall be seventeen, five to be appointed by the Chair. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, moved that Section 4 be amended by inserting the word " appoint." Mrs. Meredith, Indiana: My amendment, which is before the Board, is a judicious compromise. I concede to the Executive Committee a partial election from the Committees, reserving for the President, however, the power to appoint. The Board has assumed a great and serious task when it undertakes to elect the Standing Committees. In the other Commission the President appointed the Standing Committees. Mrs. Hooker explained that Section 3 did not say how the Committees were to be constituted. It simply provided that the Board would have them. Mrs. Hooker, for the full informa- tion of the members, again read Section 3: SEC. 3. There shall be twelve Standing Committees, to cor- respond with the departments prepared by the Committee on Classification (to be found on page 5 of the pamphlet on Classi- fication), who shall have power to elect a member to represent them on the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana: I withdraw my resolution I mis- understood. Board adjourned for recess until 2:30 p. M. The Board was called to order at 2:30 p. M., the presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. A quorum was announced by the Secretary. Chair: The question before the house when we adjourned was the discussion of Section 4 of the report of the Committee on Permanent Organization. 80 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Hooker, Chairman of the Committee, submitted the first clause of Section 4: SEC. 4. There shall be an Executive Committee composed of twenty-six members. Motion to adopt seconded and adopted. Second clause read: "With a Chairman of its own election." Resolution of Miss Ford, of New York, read by the Secretary: " Resolved, That the Executive Committee be composed of twenty-six members, eight of which are to be Vice-Presidents and the balance to be named by the Chair." (Cries of " Out of order.") After considerable discussion the previous question was moved by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, which was sustained. Motion put by the President. A division was called for, which resulted in the loss of the motion, and the Chair announced that the second clause of Section 4, "With a Chairman of its own election," was lost. The Chair announced the following communication from the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commis- sion: MRS. POTTER PALMER, Chairman Board of Lady Managers World's Columbian Exposition: DEAR MADAM: I am directed by the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission to inform the Board of Lady Managers that the following members of the Executive Committee have been appointed as a Sub-Committee of the Executive Committee to confer with the Committee of the Board of Lady Managers in regard to the duties of the Board of Lady Managers: Governor R. W. Furnas, Nebraska, Chairman; Hiram Atkins, Vermont; Reese R. Price, Kansas; Thomas L. Williams, Tennessee; James D. Butt, West Virginia; R. L. Saunders, Mis- sissippi. Minutes of First Session. 81 This Committee will call at 4 o'clock this afternoon at Kins- ley's Hall and meet the Committee of the Board of Lady Man- agers. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) notified the Committee on Confer- ence, appointed Thursday, the aoth, that a room on the lower floor had been designated for the use of the joint committees. The consideration of Section 4 of the report of the Com- mittee on Permanent Organization was again resumed. Mrs. Hooker, Chairman of the Committee, submitted the third clause: Its members shall consist of the President and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, ex-officio, and of the twelve mem- bers of the Standing Committees chosen by them to serve on this Committee. Miss Ford, New York, requests that her resolution be read again, which is done: Resolved, That the Executive Committee be composed of twenty-six members, eight of which are to be Vice-Presidents, and the balance to be named by the Chair. Not seconded. Mrs. Wise, Virginia: I move this matter be all referred to a committee. Not seconded. Mrs. Ryan Texas, offered the following amendment: Resolved, That the committee of twenty-six shall be appointed by the President. Mrs. Ryan's amendment was seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut . We as a committee wish to be discharged from service, unless you wish us to serve you again, and put the report in the form you have voted it, and add other recommendations. Mrs. Bagley, Michigan (at-large): Our report was only partly done, and the section in regard to the Executive Committee had better be reconsidered by the Board. 82 Board of Lady Managers. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) stated that while the amended clause of Section 4 was adopted, the section as a whole was not adopted, and the Board would then vote on the entire section, which, amended, read as follows: Section 4 as amended: There shall be an Executive Com- mittee composed of twenty-six (26) members; that the Committee of twenty-six (26) shall be appointed by the President. The motion to adopt Section 4 as amended was seconded and carried. The Chair: As some of the clauses of this report have been lost and the report will have to be brought to us again in order that the wishes of the ladies may be more properly expressed, I would like to hear from the ladies as to the further duties of the Committee. Mrs. Mulligan, Chicago, moved that the Committee on Permanent Organization be discharged with thanks. Seconded, and lost. Motion was made that the Committee be not discharged, but instructed to bring back the whole report as revised. Sec- onded and carried. A further motion was made that the Board express its grati- tude to the Committee on Permanent Organization for the able manner in which it had performed the duties assigned to it, in view of the limited time given. Seconded and carried. Miss Beck, Florida, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That our daily sessions shall be from 10 A. M. to i p. M., and from 2 :3o p. M. to 5 P. M. Seconded and adopted. The following invitation from the Queen Isabella Associa- tion was read: To the Board of Lady Managers: You are cordially invited to attend a special meeting of the Queen Isabella Association to- morrow (Saturday) afternoon, at 4 o'clock, in the club-room of Minutes of First Session. 83 the Palmer House. Harriet Hosmer and a number of the Vice- Presidents will be present and will address the Association. FRANCES DICKINSON, Secretary. Resolution of Mrs. Albright, New Mexico, read by the Sec- retary, as follows: Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Committee of three to procure a better room for the Commission. The ventilation at the rear of the room is very poor, and when the windows are open the noise from the street is so great that we can not hear. Resolution laid on the table. On motion, the Board adjourned until 10 A. M., Saturday, November azd. 84 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session Fourth Day, Saturday, Nov. 22, 1890. The Board convened pursuant to adjournment, the presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. Prayer by Mrs. H. M. Barker, South Dakota. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie T. Hund- ley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary Richards Kin- der, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Florida, Mrs. Mary C. Bell, Miss E. Nellie Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Minutes of First Session. 86 Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances W. Shepard; Indiana, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Mrs. Vir- ginia C. Meredith; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Eliza- beth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate H. Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. William Reed, Mrs. Alex. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Mary A. Hulbert, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. John M. Stone; Missouri, Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, LL. B., Miss Lillian M. Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Busselle, Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, alternate; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Cotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hart- pence; Oregon, Mrs. E.W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Payton ; Pennsylvania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless, Mrs. Harriet Anne Lucas; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Char- lotte Field Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen Morton Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cotten; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell; Virginia, Mrs. John S. Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. Newton Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. 86 Board of Lady Managers. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Lauretta Lovell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret B. Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie S. Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Mrs. M. H. Ten Eyck, alternate; Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. The following communication from Secretary Dickinson, of the World's Columbian Commission, was received: MRS. POTTER PALMER, Chairman Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Exposition. DEAR MADAM: I would respectfully request that an announcement be made to the Board of Lady Managers, that at 12 o'clock to-day a sufficient number of carriages will be at Kins- ley's to convey the Lady Managers and the Commissioners to the South Side system of parks, for the purpose of giving the ladies an opportunity to inspect the site for the World's Fair. All alternate Lady Managers are also invited, and I desire personally to invite the young ladies who have been acting as ushers for the Board of Lady Managers, and also the newspaper correspondents who have been reporting the proceedings of your Board. I have the honor to be Your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. The Secretary was directed to send a reply to Secretary Dickinson accepting the invitation. Mrs. Logan, member of the Committee of Conference, moved that as the Committee had to report to the Executive Minutes of First Session. 87 Committee on Monday at 9 o'clock, there be an evening session in case the discussion of the report is not completed by 12 o'clock. Mrs. Carse seconded the motion; carried. The Committee of Conference made the following report, through Mrs. Logan, Vice-Chairman: To the Board of Lady Managers: Your Committee have the honor to report that, in compliance with your instructions, they notified the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission of your desire to receive from them such instructions and communications as they might desire to convey to the Board of Lady Managers. In reply, a sub-committee of the Executive Committee was appointed to meet your Committee at 4 o'clock yesterday, at which meeting the whole question of the creation of the Board of Lady Managers was gone over, the sub-committee deciding that the Board of Lady Managers was created under the law of Con- gress, and not by the courtesy of the Commission, as has been supposed by some. But in the absence of more explicit legisla- tion, the Commission do not feel that they can do more toward delegating to the Board of Lady Managers any authority than to organize under Article XI. of the "By-Laws of the World's Columbian Commission." They request, however, that the Lady Managers shall formulate their wishes in regard to the work of the Board of Lady Managers, the same to be put in writing and laid by your Committee before the sub-committee of the Execu- tive Committee, at 9 o'clock Monday morning, they promising to reply at the earliest possible moment, that this Board may adjourn after fully organizing. They think that it is eminently proper that the ladies proceed to the election of the Vice-Presi- dents and the adoption of such reports as that of the Executive Committee of ten providing for organization and mode of pro- cedure by this Board. The appointment or election of the com- mittees should be postponed for the present. But they wish the Lady Managers to recommend to them the amount that you think should be paid your Chairman and Secretary, but explicitly state you must not base your recommendations upon the precedent of 88 Board of Lady Managers. exorbitant salaries heretofore awarded the officers of the Commission, because that part of their work will be doubtless subject to revision, but to fix the sum upon the well-known econ- omy of earnest women. They especially wish to disabuse the minds of the Lady Managers, if any of them supposed they were in any sense members of the Commission, or that there was now, or prospectively, any position of emolument to which any of them could be appointed who would receive more than their $6 per diem when on duty under orders of the Committee. (Signed) MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN, MRS. VIRGINIA C. MEREDITH, MRS. JOHN S. BRIGGS, Miss MARY E. BUSSELLE. Mrs. Hooker offered the following resolution and moved its adoption: Resolved, That in view of the importance of the report of the Committee of Conference, we request that it be printed and delivered to every member in the course of the day for consider- ation over Sunday, to be voted upon Monday. Mrs. Logan offered as an amendment that the Executive Committee of the Commission be notified that the Committee of Conference could not meet them at 9 o'clock Monday morning, as had been agreed upon. Mrs. Hooker accepted Mrs. Logan's amendment. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, stated that there was but one sen- tence in the report requiring the action of the Commission, and that was the sentence requesting the Board of Lady Managers to formulate their wishes in regard to the work of the Board, and therefore it was not necessary to print the report in order to understand that. The amendment and resolution being put to the Board, both were lost. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Board proceed at once to the considera- Minutes of First Session. 89 tion of what it wishes to ask of the Executive Committee of the National Commission. Seconded .and adopted. Mrs. Hooker called attention to the fact that under the head of unfinished business was the report of the Committee on Per- manent Organization, of which she was Chairman, which was to report at 10 o'clock that morning. Mrs. Meredith stated that as she was absent in her Commit- tee on the day before, she was not aware of the action taken in regard to the report of the Committee on Permanent Organiza- tion, and that her resolution, under the circumstances, being out of order, she begged leave to withdraw it, which was granted by the Board. Mrs. Hooker, Chairman of the Committee on Permanent Organization, then submitted the following report, which had been recommitted to the Committee on the previous day: 1. The rules of order and procedure of this Board shall be the same as those of the Commission (to be found on page 151 of the Official Manual). 2. The officers of this Board shall be a Chairman, whose title shall be the President of the Board of Lady Managers; eight Vice-Presidents, whose titles shall be First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Vice-Presidents; a Secretary and Treasurer, who shall perform the usual duties incident to these offices. 3. There shall be twelve Standing Committees to corre- spond with the departments prepared by the Classification Com- mittee (to be found on page 5 of the pamphlet on Classification), who shall have the power to elect one member of their Committee to represent them on the Executive Committee. 4. There shall be an Executive Committee composed of twenty-six (26) members. These members shall consist of the President and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, and of the twelve members of the Standing Committees elected by them to serve on this Committee, and the remaining twelve members shall be appointed by the President. 90 Board of Lady Managers. 5. There shall be a Vice-Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, to be elected by that body when fully organized. 6. The work in the several States shall be outlined by the Board of Lady Managers at an early day, as many of their Leg- islatures have adopted biennial sessions, and can only be approached during the coming winter. Miss Ford moved that the report be adopted as read by Mrs. Hooker, striking out the word "Treasurer." Mrs. Reed, of Maryland, presented the following resolution-. Resolved, That our permanent Chairman shall retain her pre- rogative as Chairman ex-officio of the Executive Committee, and that in her absence, the Vice-President shall perform the duty. Seconded. Mrs. Thatcher moved that the resolution be laid on the table. Seconded and carried. Miss Ford, New York, moved the adoption of her resolution striking out the word Treasurer. Motion. seconded. The Chair: I call attention to the fact that that part of the report has been adopted, and we can have no motion on that clause unless we reconsider it. The first four clauses were amended and adopted; only the new matter can be amended, unless we vote to reconsider. Mrs. Mulligan, Illinois, moved that Clause 2 be recon- sidered, and be made to read as before, striking out the word Treasurer. Motion carried. It is moved and seconded that the report be now adopted. Carried. Mrs. Harrison, Montana, moved that the Committee on Per- manent Organization be discharged with thanks. Seconded and carried. Miss Ford, New York (at- Large), offered the following reso- lution, and moved its adoption: Minutes of First Session. 91 Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. and Mrs. Lyman Gage, and to the Chicago Commissioners, for courtesies shown the ladies. Adopted unanimously. The Chair then asked for a consideration of the report of the Committee of five, and asked for suggestions from the mem- bers of the Committee. It is moved and seconded that Mrs. Meredith state to the house her suggestions in regard to what shall be asked for from the Commission. Mrs. Meredith stated that only things fundamental should be asked for at present. first. Ask the Commission to create the office of Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, with a salary. Our Secretary at this moment has no legal status. Second. Ask for a specific statement with every exhibit, whether it be in whole or in part produced by female labor. Third. Ask that all work of women shall be entered with the general exhibit and permit this Board to designate by some device every article that is the product of women's labor. Fourth. Ask that this Board may in some way have control of space. Debate occurring on the first clause of Mrs. Meredith's sug- gestions, that relating to the salary and status of the Secretary, Article XI of the By-Laws of the Commission was read, and Mrs. Meredith was asked by the Chair (Mrs. Palmer), if the title of Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers was not already- created by the election by the Board, of that officer. Mrs. Mere- dith did not think that created a legal status, but that the Com- mission should be asked to create that office with a salary. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) : We have a right, I think, to fix the salary. Mrs. Wallace, Chicago, called attention to page 162, Article XI of the By-Laws of the Commission, which reads, " When so 7 92 Board of Lady Managers. convened shall organize by the election of a Chairman and Secre- tary." Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, suggested that Article XI said nothing about salary, and that it was the suggestion of the Executive Committee, that we recommend a salary. Dr. Frances Dickinson, Secretary of the Queen Isabella Association, invited the ladies to meet Miss Harriet Hosmerand other guests, at the Palmer House club-room, between 4 and 6 o'clock P. M. Mrs. Logan, Vice-Chairman of the Committee of Confer- ence, asked the Board to define her duty in regard to meeting the Committee from the Commission at 9 o'clock on Monday morning, in view of the fact that the discussion on the report was unfinished. It was moved that the Committee have a continuance of time in which to perfect its report, there not having been time for full consideration of the same by the Board. Seconded and carried On motion of Mrs. Carse, Chicago, an evening session was dispensed with. The Board then adjourned to meet at 10 A. M., Monday, the 24th. Minutes of First Session. 93 OFFICIAL BECOED OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission, First Session Fifth Day, Monday, Nov. 24, 1890. The Board was called to order at 10 A. M., the presiding officer (Mrs. Palmer) in the chair. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, led in the Lord's prayer. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; Dis- trict of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie T. Hund- ley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary R. Kinder, Mrs. J. F. Ball; Florida, Mrs. Mary C. Bell, Miss E. Nellie Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, 94 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances W. Shepard; Indiana, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kan- sas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Ken- tucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate H. Locke, alternate; Mary- land, Mrs. Wm. Reed, Mrs. Alex. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. John M. Stone; Missouri, Miss Phoebe Couzins, LL. B., Miss Lillian M. Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Bus- selle; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, Mrs.W. Bourke Cock- ran, alternate; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Pay ton; Pennsylvania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Charlotte Field Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen M. Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cochran; Ver- mont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler; Virginia, Mrs. John S. Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. Newton Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. Minutes of First Session. 95 MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Laurette Lovell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret B. Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie S. Lewis, Mrs. James Mulligan, Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Brad- well, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse, Mrs. Martha H. Ten Eyck, alternate. The reading of minutes was dispensed with. The Secretary was instructed to notify General Norton that the Board would accept his invitation to hear his lecture at the Palmer House club-room. Mrs. Briggs, Nebraska, offered the following resolution and moved its adoption: Resolved, That a vote of thanks be given to the Commis- sioners of the World's Columbian Commission for the delightful excursion to Washington and Jackson Parks tendered the Lady Managers Saturday afternoon, and further, that the ladies of this Board extend to Mr. Wheeler, President of the Washington Park Club, their sincerest thanks for his delightful luncheon and entertainment, and that the Secretary be authorized to commu- nicate the same. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, suggested as an amendment that the reso- lution should include the members of the Washington Park Club. Resolution and amendment unanimously adopted. The Chair: The unfinished business of Saturday is now in order. We had before us, when we closed on Saturday, the sug- gestions of the Committee of Conference, who had not been able to present a full report, because the Commission wished to hear from us in advance. 96 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the ladies be requested to go before their legislatures and ask for appropriations. Seconded, and finally ordered to lie upon the table. A communication from Dr. Frances Dickinson, Chicago, who was ill, containing the following resolutions to be submitted to the Columbian Commission, was presented by Mrs. Ten Eyck, alternate, who moved their adoption. Resolved, That there should not be erected a building for the purpose of displaying woman's work separately from the general exhibit. In order to fulfill the duty assigned this Board by Congress, viz., "to appoint one or more members to all committees to award prizes for exhibits produced in whole or part by female labor," be it resolved that every exhibit be accompanied with a statement that the said exhibit is or is not " produced in whole or in part by female labor." Resolved, That the salary of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers shall be fixed at the sum of $5,000 a year. Resolved, That the temporary Secretary, Miss Payne, shall receive for her services before and during the first two days' ses- sion of the Board, the sum of $100. Resolved, That the second regular session of the Board of Lady Managers shall be set for the first of April, 1891, when the standing committees will be announced, and the Executive Com- mittee organized. Resolved, That there shall be an Advisory Committee, com- posed of seven members, which shall perform the duties of the Executive Committee until that committee is organized. Mrs. Logan moved that the resolutions embodying the sug- gestions of Doctor Dickinson be referred to the Committee of Conference, for submission to the National Commission, through their Sub-Executive Committee. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Felton in the chair. By invitation. Miss Frances Willard and Miss Harriet Hos- mer, who were present, addressed the Board. Minutes of First Session. 97 Committee of Conference given leave to withdraw to formu- late their report. The presiding officer, Mrs. Palmer, resumed the chair. Mrs. Price, North Carolina, moved that a vote of thanks be extended to Major Brackett, Disbursing Officer of the Treasury, sent to assist the Board in its inexperience in fiscal affairs, espe- cially so far as disbursements from the Treasury were concerned. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we send a communication to President Palmer asking that he appoint two lady managers from Alaska, there being no representative on our Board from that section. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Darby, South Carolina, offered the following resolution and moved its adoption: Resolved, That a committee of eight be appointed at once by the Chair, to be known as the Committee on By-Laws. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution, in view of the misunderstanding in regard, to the Chairmanship of the Executive Committee, and called for a rising vote: Resolved, That the President of our Board of Lady Man- agers, by virtue of her office, shall be the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. Adjourned to 2.30 p. M. The Board was called to order at 2.30 p. M., Mrs. Potter Palmer in the chair. The Chair announced as the Committee on By-Laws: Mrs. Darby, South Carolina; Miss Ives, Connecticut; Mrs. Briggs, Nebraska; Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky; Mrs. Grinnell, Vermont; Mrs. Houghton, Washington; Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago; and Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin. 98 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, retired in favor of Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That no Vice-President be appointed on the Execu- tive Committee. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia (at-large), offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we proceed to nominate the Vice-Presidents in their regular order. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Mulligan, Chicago, nominated Mrs. Trautmann, New York. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, nominated Miss Brown, Missouri. Seconded by Miss Couzins. Mrs. Reed, Maryland, presented the name of Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut. Seconded. Mrs. Darby, South Carolina, nominated Mrs. Logan, Wash- ington, D. C. Seconded. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, declined for Mrs. Logan the nom- ination, and Mrs. Darby withdrew Mrs. Logan's name. The nominations being closed, the Chair directed the roll- call, and appointed Mrs. Verdenal, New York, and Mrs. Salis- bury, Utah, as tellers. Pending the counting of the ballot, Mrs. Felton, Georgia, Chairman of the Committee on Conference, asked leave to sub- mit its digest and accompanying report to the Sub-Executive Committee of the Commission, for the approval of the Board. The Chair decided that it ,could be read, but no discussion ensue. Mrs. Felton, presented the following: To the Sub-Committee of the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission: The Committee on Conference from the Board of Lady Minutes of First Session. 99 Managers beg leave to present the following requests from that Board, viz.: 1. We request a liberal construction of the Act of Congress which created this Board of Lady Managers and leaves its duties to be prescribed by your Commission. 2. We do not request a separate building for woman's work. 3. That the Columbian Commission fix the salaries of the Chairman and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers. 4. We request that a suitable building be provided and placed under the control of the Board of Lady Managers for official and other purposes. 5. That this Board be allowed to work in conjunction with your Commission in efforts to interest the people of the respect- ive States and Territories in the success of the Columbian Exposition. 6. We further request that the Executive Committee for- mulate their instructions to the Board of Lady Managers so explicitly that there may be no misunderstanding of them. (Signed) MRS. WM. H. FELTON, MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN, MRS. VIRGINIA C. MEREDITH, MRS. JOHN S. BRIGGS, Miss MARY E. BUSSELLE. The Chair directed the Secretary to announce the vote for First Vice-President, which stood as follows: Mrs. Trautmann 81 Miss Brown 2 Mrs. Hooker 12 Total 95 The Chair announced that Mrs. Trautmann, having received a majority of all the votes cast, was elected First Vice-President; and on motion, Mrs. Trautmann's election was declared unani- mous. The Chair announced that nominations for Second Vice- President were in order. 100 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Hooker, of Connecticut, was named for Second Vice- President. Mrs. Houghton, Washington, in a nominating speech, pre- sented Mrs. M. D. Owings, Washington. Seconded. Mrs. James P. Eagle, Arkansas, was nominated by Mrs. Empie, of the same State. Seconded. Mrs. Burleigh, Maine, was nominated. Seconded. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, nominated Mrs. Deane, California. Seconded. Mrs. Briggs, Nebraska, was nominated, but declined, and put in nomination Mrs. Ashley, Colorado. Seconded. The nominations were declared closed and the ballot directed to be taken. The Secretary announced the result of the ballot for Second Vice-President. Mrs. Hooker 14 Mrs. Owings . 19 Mrs. Eagle 2 Mrs. Burleigh 20 Mrs. Deane 23 Mrs. Ashley 19 Total 97 The Chair announced that no one of the nominees having received a majority of the votes cast, the Board would proceed to another ballot. Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Hooker, and Mrs. Ashley declined a second ballot, and the Chair directed the vote to be taken for the three remaining nominees. The Secretary announced the ballot as follows: Mrs. Owings 28 Mrs. Burleigh 39 Mrs. Deane 29 Total 96 Minutes of First Session. 101 The .Chair announced no election, and ordered a third ballot. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that the remaining Vice-Presi- dents be elected by sections, and that the Board reconsider the method of election, and the Chair appoint a committee of three, to divide the country into sections. Mrs. Eagle moved to amend, to the effect that the motion be reconsidered, and the States be divided into sections, omitting the section of the First Vice-President, Mrs. Traut- mann's election having been unanimous, and proceed to elect Vice-Presidents nominated from the different sections. The motion as amended was seconded and adopted. The Chair appointed Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, Mrs. Fel- ton, Georgia, and Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, as a committee to divide the country into sections. Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Territories be allowed to represent a section by themselves, and that they be allowed a Vice-President. Seconded. Mrs. Logan moved to lay the resolution on the table, as the Territories would be represented in the division made by the Committee. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Angell, Michigan, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee of ten be appointed to attend to the duties of classification, to report as soon as possible. Seconded. After some debate, Mrs. Thatcher, Illinois, offered the fol- lowing as a substitute: Resolved, That the President be allowed time to consider the appointment of this committee, with the full privilege to take whatever time is necessary. Seconded and adopted. The matter of the printing of the minutes of the session was brought before the Board, by the Chair. 102 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Hooker offered the following resolution: Resolved, That hereafter the minutes shall be read by the Secretary, and the printing of them be dispensed with. Seconded and adopted. The Chair announced the Sub-Committee of the Commis- sion, as present in an adjoining room, for conference with the Committee of the Board, and the Committee was given leave to withdraw. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, Chairman of the Committee on re-districting the States, then read the following report, dividing them as follows: 1. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. 2. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Con- necticut, and Rhode Island. 3. Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Indiana, Ohio, Ten- nessee, Kentucky, and District of Columbia. 4. Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas. 5. North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Colorado, Montana. 6. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. 7. Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. 8. California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, Utah. Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico, called up her resolution on the Territories, an amendment to the re-districting of the States, which was laid upon the table, and asked for its consideration. Agreed to, and the resolution was brought before the Board. A division resulting in uncertainty, the ayes and noes were called for. The Chair directed the Secretary to call the roll of the States, which resulted in 49 ayes and 32 noes, the amendment being adopted. Minutes of First Session. 103 Mrs. Hooker moved that in order to give the various sec- tions designated in the divisions of the States time to consider candidates, the Board adjourn to 10 A. M. to-morrow. Seconded. Mrs. Meredith: Ladies, there is a motion to reconsider, which must be presented not later than a day after the matter that has been passed upon. My motion is to reconsider that part of the report of the Committee of Permanent Organi- zation which refers to the constitution of the Executive Com- mittee. I would like to make it the order of business at n o'clock to-morrow morning. After debate, this motion was seconded and carried. The Board adjourned to 10 A. M., Tuesday, November 25th. 104 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session Sixth Day, Tuesday, Nov. 25, 1890. The Board called to order. The presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. Prayer by Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal; Ken- tucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; New York, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie T. Hundley Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives, Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary R. Kinder, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Florida, Miss E. Nellie Beck- Georgia, Mrs. Wm. H. Fel- Minnies of First Session. 1(5 ton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances W. Shepard; Indiana, Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Jean W. Faulkner, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Jose- phine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate H. Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. Wm. Reed, Mrs. Alex. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Jonas H. French; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes, Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Mary A. Hulbert, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. John M. Stone; Missouri, Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, LL. B., Miss Lillian M. Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. John S. Brigg, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, Mrs. Daniel Hall; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Bus- selle; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen, Mrs. Mary Payton; Pennsylvania, Miss Mary Elliott Mc- Candless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Miss Char- lotte Field Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen M. Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida L. Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cochran; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler; Virginia, Mrs. John S. Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. N. Linch, Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. 106 Board of Lady Managers. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Lauretta Lovell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret Salisbury. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Frances Dickinson, M. D., Mrs. M. R.' M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. Minutes of Monday A. M. read, and the reading of the minutes of Monday P. M. dispensed with. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) requested that each member of the Board inform her in writing what experience she had had in the work of the Board and on what committee she thought she was best qualified to serve. Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico, moved a vote of thanks to General Norton for his able and comprehensive lecture on " World's Fairs " at the Palmer House Club Room, November 25th. Seconded and carried. The Chair announced the grouping of the States and Terri- tories in sections as unfinished business. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, Chairman of the Committee on redistricting, reported the following grouping of the States and Territories: 1. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. 2. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. 3. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida. 4. Nebraska, Wyoming, Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana. 5. District of Columbia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Ken- tucky, Illinois, Tennessee. Minutes of First Session. 107 6. California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Mon- tana, Colorado. 7. Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota. 8. Arizona, Alaska, Utah, New Mexico, Oklahoma. A recess of five minutes was taken to consider nominations for Vice-Presidents. Special order for u o'clock being to reconsider Sections 3 and 4 of the Committee on Permanent Organization. Mrs. Meredith: Ladies, you voted to reconsider and make this the special order of business at 1 1 o'clock this morning. Mrs. Eagle: You must make a motion to reconsider before this matter can be brought up. The Chair: As I understand it, the vote was taken yesterday and we voted to reconsider. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following amendments : Resolved, That Section 3 of Report on Permanent Organi- zation shall have stricken out the words " who shall have the power to elect one member of their Committee to represent them on the Executive Committee." That Section 4 be made to read: "There shall be an Exec- utive Committee composed of fifteen (15) members, of which the President ex-officio shall be a member." Mrs. Thatcher's motion that the further consideration of this subject be postponed until after the By-Laws have been considered seconded. Mrs. Logan : I insist that we go on with Mrs. Meredith's resolution. It seems to me very unwise to be losing so much time, because many in the room have nothing to do with the formation of the Committee. I think that Mrs. Meredith ex- pected that the President would appoint the Executive Com- mittee which has been provided for recently, and I hope that her motion will prevail. Mrs. Thatcher's motion to postpone adopted. 108 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolu- tion: Resolved, That the number of Vice-Presidents be increased to nine, so as to have the Members-at-Large represented. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, moved to lay the resolution on the table, which was seconded and carried. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved to proceed with the nominations, by sections, for Vice-Presidents. Seconded and carried. Mrs. E. C. Burleigh, Maine, was nominated by Mrs. Hooker for Second Vice-President. There being no other nominations, a motion was made to make Mrs. Burleigh's election unanimous. Carried. Mrs. Charles Price, North Carolina, was unanimously elected Third Vice-President. Nominations for Fourth Vice-President being in order, the names of Miss K. L. Minor, Louisiana, and Mrs. Eagle, Arkan- sas, were proposed for that office. The nominations being closed, the Chair appointed Miss -Faulkner, Kentucky, and Miss Shakspeare, Louisiana, as tellers, and directed the Secretary to call the roll. Pending the counting of the ballots, the following invitation was read: A cordial invitation is extended to the Board of Lady Managers to be present this afternoon, in the club-rooms of the Palmer House, to see a large number of illustrations of the vari- ous World's Fairs since 1851. The lecture to be given by George Wellington Jones. The invitation was accepted with thanks. Mrs. Ryan, Texas, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That Mrs. Verdenal's motion to table be recon- sidered. Seconded and carried. Minutes of First Session. 109 The Secretary announced the ballot for Fourth Vice- President: Miss Minor 88 Mrs. Eagle 7 Total 95 On motion, Miss Minor's election was declared unanimous. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, nominated Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, District of Columbia, as Fifth Vice-President. Seconded and unanimously carried. The Chair announced nominations in order for Sixth Vice- President. Mrs. Reed, Maryland, nominated Mrs. Ashley, Colorado. Seconded. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, nominated Mrs. James R. Deane, California. Seconded. Mrs. Houghton, Washington, nominated Mrs. M. D. Owings, Washington. Seconded. The Chair announced the nominations closed and directed the ballot to be taken. The Secretary announced the result as follows: Mrs. Ashley 45 Mrs. Deane 13 Mrs. Owings 49 Total 107 No one candidate having received a majority of all the votes cast, the Chair announced a second ballot. Mrs. Verdenal, at the request of her nominee, withdrew Mrs. Deane's name, and the second ballot was taken for the two remaining candidates. The Secretary announced the vote: Mrs. Ashley 53 Mrs. Owings 49 Total . , 102 110 Board of Lady Managers. The Chair announced Mrs. Ashley as the Sixth Vice-Presi- dent. Nominations for Seventh Vice-President declared in order. Mrs. Hooker nominated Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde, Wisconsin. Seconded. Mrs. Angell, Michigan, nominated Mrs. F. B. Ginty, Wis- consin. Seconded. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, nominated Mrs. S. W. Mc- Laughlin, North Dakota. Seconded. The nominations being closed, the Chair directed the ballot to be taken. The Secretary announced the following vote: Mrs. Ginty 57 Mrs. Lynde 17 Mrs. McLaughlin 27 Total 101 Mrs. Ginty, having received a majority of the votes cast, was declared the Seventh Vice-President. Nominations for Eighth Vice-President were declared in order. Mrs. Ten Eyck, Chicago, alternate for Dr. Frances Dickinson, presented the name of Mrs. F. L. Albright, New Mexico. Seconded by Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico. Miss Ford, New York, nominated Mrs. Margaret B. Salisbury, Utah. Seconded by Mrs. Trautmann, New York, and Mrs. Deane, California. The nominations being closed, and ballot ordered, the Secre- tary announced the following result: Mrs. Salisbury 57 Mrs. Albright 47 Total 104 Mrs. Salisbury, having received the majority of the votes cast, the Chair declared her election as Eighth Vice-President. Minutes of First Session. Ill Nominations for Ninth Vice-President being ordered, Mrs. Trautmann, New York, presented the name of Mrs. Russell Har- rison, and asked that the nomination be made unanimous. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, and Mrs. Ryan, Texas, seconded the motion, and the nomination was unanimously carried. Recess was taken to 2:30 p. M. Meeting called to order at 2:30 p. M., the presiding officer, Mrs. Palmer, in the chair. The Chairman requested the members of the Board to send in their preference for second choice on committees, as there seemed to be almost a unanimous expression for the Executive Committee; and as it was impossible for all to serve on that committee, the ladies must select others. Mrs. Darby, Chairman of the Committee on By-Laws, sub- mitted the following report, and explained that when the com- mittee met and formed the By-Laws, it was found that the Committee on Permanent Organization had already made a report of which the report on By-Laws was, in part, a repetition, but the Chair (Mrs. Palmer) had decided that it was in order to submit the same and ratify the Committee on Organization. BY-LAWS OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. ARTICLE FIRST. Official Title. This body shall be known by the title of the "Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission," as designated by Section Six of the Act of Congress. ARTICLE SECOND. Quorum. A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of not less than a majority of the Managers, but the alternates repre- senting absent Managers shall be counted as Managers. 112 Board of Lady Managers. ARTICLE THIRD. Powers of Alternate Managers. An alternate Manager shall assume and perform the duties of the Manager whose alternate she is only when her principal may be unable to attend the meetings of the Board. Service upon Standing Committees or Special Committees hall not de- volve upon an alternate Manager whose principal is a member thereof, unless in the absence of such principal service upon such Committee shall be specially assigned to the alternate by the Board of Lady Managers. ARTICLE FOURTH. Officers of the Board of Lady Managers. The officers of this Board shall consist of a President, whose official title shall be " President of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission; " nine Vice- Presidents, who shall be denominated as First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Vice-Presidents, and a Vice-President-at-Large, and a Secretary; all of whom shall hold their offices at the pleasure of the "Board of Lady Managers." ARTICLE FIFTH. Executive Committee. There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty-five members besides the President each of whom shall be appointed by the President each of the Standing Committees to be represented on the Executive Board. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Managers. Ten members shall constitute a quo- rum, and the Committee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such sub-committees as it may consider expedient. This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employe's and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, the same shall be filled by appointment of the Minutes of First Session. 113 President. In all cases where Managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on the Committee. ARTICLE SIXTH. Duties of the President. The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Board and shall appoint all Committees, unless otherwise directed by the Board, and she shall have all the powers and authority incident to the office of President. The President may, and at the written request of a majority of the Executive Committee or of one-third of the members of the Board shall, recommend to the Commission, the calling of a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, each of whom shall receive reasonable notice of the meeting. ARTICLE SEVENTH. Duties of the Vice-Presidents. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform her duties, each taking precedence in numerical order, and if all the Vice-Presidents be absent, the Board shall elect a temporary presiding officer. ARTICLE EIGHTH. Duties of the Secretary. The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Board and be the custodian of all documents and records relat- ing to its business. She shall keep a full and accurate record of its proceedings, and shall make report of same from time to time, as she may be required. She shall keep all the accounts of the Board and certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. All papers, accounts, and records in her custody shall at all times be open to inspection on demand of any Manager. ARTICLE NINTH. Vice-Chairman of Executive Committee. There shall be also an officer of this Board, designated Vice- Chairman of the Executive ^Committee, who shall perform such 114 Board of Lady Managers. duties as may be assigned to her by the Board or its Executive Committee. ARTICLE TENTH. Amendments. Amendments shall only be made by two-thirds vote of the Board present; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and be by it considered before any final action thereon by the Board. Mrs. Straughan, Idaho, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the By-Laws be taken up and voted upon clause by clause, each article to be separately voted upon. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE FIRST. This body shall be known by the title of the " Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Com- mission," as designated by Section 6 of the Act of Congress. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE SECOND. A quorum for the transaction of busi- ness shall consist of not less than a majority of the Managers, but the alternates representing absent Managers shall be counted as Managers. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE THIRD. An alternate Manager shall assume and perform the duties of the Manager whose alternate she is only when her principal may be unable to attend the meetings of the Board. Service upon Standing Committees or Special Com- mittees shall not devolve upon an alternate Manager whose principal is a member thereof unless, in the absence of such principal, service upon such Committee shall be specially assigned to the alternate by the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE FOURTH. Officers of the Board of Lady Managers. The officers of this Board shall consist of a President, whose official title shall be " President of the Board of Lady Managers Minutes of First Session. 115 of the World's Columbian Commission;" nine Vice-Presidents, who shall be denominated as First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Vice-Presidents, and a Vice- President-at-Large, and a Secretary; all of whom shall hold their offices at the pleasure of the " Board of Lady Managers." Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE FIFTH. Executive Committee. There shall be an Executive Committee consisting of twenty- five members besides the President each of whom shall be appointed by the President each of the Standing Committees to be represented on the Executive Board. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Managers. Ten members shall constitute a quorum, and the Committee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such sub-committees as it may consider expedient. This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employes and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, the same shall be filled by appoint- ment of the President. In all cases where Managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on the Committee. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved that the number of the Executive Committee be reduced to eight. Seconded. Miss Ford, New York, moved to amend Mrs. Logan's motion, and make the number fifteen. Miss Ford's amendment to Mrs. Logan's motion, recommend- ing an Executive Committee of fifteen, was put by the Chair (Mrs. Palmer) and lost. The motion of Mrs. Logan for a Committee of eight was called and lost. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) stated that the question then before 116 Board of Lady Managers. the Board was on the original number, twenty-six, as reported by the Committee on Permanent Organization, and the Com- mittee on By-Laws. All in favor of Article 5 of the By-Laws, that twenty-six members be on the Executive Committee, manifest by the usual sign. Carried, and Article 5 is adopted. ARTICLE SIXTH. The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Board and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the Board, and she shall have all the powers and authority incident to the office of President. The President may, and at the written request of the majority of the Executive Committee or of one-third of the members of the Board shall, recommend to the Commission the calling of a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, each of whom shall receive reasonable notice of the meeting. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE SEVENTH. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform her duties, each taking preced- ence in numerical order; and, if all the Vice-Presidents be absent, the Board shall elect a temporary presiding officer. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE EIGHTH. The Secretary shall conduct the cor- respondence of the Board and be the custodian of all documents and records relating to its business. She shall keep a full and accurate record of its proceedings, and shall make a report of same, from time to time, as she may be required. She shall keep all the accounts of the Board and certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. All papers, accounts, and records in her custody shall at all times be open to inspection on demand of any Manager. Seconded and adopted. ARTICLE NINTH. There shall be also an officer of this Board, Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee, who shall perform such duties as may be assigned to her by the Board or its Executive Committee. Minutes of First Session. 117 Mrs. Logan moved that the Vice-Chairman be elected by and from the Executive Committee. Amendment seconded and carried. Mrs. Eagle moved to strike out " such duties as may be assigned her," and insert in lieu thereof, " the duties usual to such officer." Seconded and carried. Article Ninth as amended read as follows: There shall be also an officer of this Board, designated Vice- Chairman of the Executive Committee, elected by and from the Executive Committee, who shall perform, in the absence of the President, the duties usual to such officer. Seconded and carried. ARTICLE TENTH. Amendments shall only be made by two- thirds vote of the Board present; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and be by it considered before any final action thereon by the Board. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, asked leave to present a communication from the colored women of Chicago. At a mass meeting of the colored women of Chicago, held at Bethesda Church, November 24, 1890, the following resolu- tions were unanimously adopted: WHEREAS, No provisions have, as yet, been made by the World's Columbian Exposition Commission for securing exhibits from the colored women of this country, or the giving of repre- sentation to them in such Fair, and WHEREAS, Under the present arrangement and classifica- tion of exhibits, it would be impossible for visitors to the Expo- sition to know and distinguish the exhibits and handiwork of the colored women from those of the Anglo-Saxon, and because of this the honor, fame, and credit for all meritorious exhibits, though made by some of our race, would not be duly given to us, therefore be it 118 Board of Lady Managers. Resolved, That for the purpose of demonstrating the prog- ress of the colored women since emancipation and of showing to those who are yet doubters, and there are many, that the colored women have and are making rapid strides in art, science, and manufacturing, and of furnishing to all infor- mation as to the educational and industrial advancement made by the race, and what the race has done, is doing, and might do, in every department of life, that we, the colored women of Chicago, request the World's Columbian Commission to establish an office for a colored woman whose duty it shall be to collect exhibits from the colored women of America, and arrange them according to the classification heretofore made. Be it further Resolved, That a Committee of five be appointed by the Chair to present these resolutions to the Classification Committee, and urge upon them to grant this request. Mrs. Logan moved that these resolutions be referred to the Executive Committee of the Commissioners of the Columbian Exposition. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, seconded Mrs. Logan's motion. Mrs. Logan's motion was carried. On motion of Mrs. Langworthy, Nebraska, a vote of thanks was extended to the Committee on By-Laws for its services. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Trautmann, First Vice-President, in the Chair. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, offered the following resolution, and moved its adoption: Resolved, That it is the emphatic sense of this Board that the President of the Board should be paid a just compensation for her services, which necessarily will be onerous and involve a large degree of personal responsibility. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hartpence, Ohio, presented the following resolutions: WHEREAS, The World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in 1893, presents the fullest opportunity for an exhibition which will test the capability of woman in the field of science and liter- ature, and the industrial and fine arts, thus showing her capacity, Minutes of First Session. 119 her self-help and her ability to be useful in a wider range of employment than has hitherto been accorded her, and WHEREAS, Not only the women of the United States, but those of other nations are feeling and taking a deep interest in the success of an exhibit that will demonstrate what has been accomplished in the past by women, and the possibility that waits upon her future with broader opportunities, and have signified their willingness to aid in the accomplishment of the work here suggested, and WHEREAS, This body of Lady Commissioners have, in view of the action of the Federal Government in recognizing them as identified with the preparation and conduct of the Columbian Exposition, ample facilities to accomplish what is hereinbefore proposed, and thus render said Exposition of real, substantial, and lasting benefit to woman, therefore be it Resolved, That there be appointed a committee, of which the President of this Commission shall be ex-officio Chairman, composed of five members from the City of Chicago, and two members from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. The duty of said committee shall be to take need- ful steps to carry out and into effect the object of this resolution. Resolved, That the local members of the committee be, and they are, required to open a bureau of information, statistics, and correspondence, with reference to aiding in the work herein pro- posed. Resolved, That they take proper action to secure adequate buildings and space for the purposes of said exhibit, and that they do generally whatever may be needful to be done to carry into successful operation the object hereof. Resolved, That the members of the Committee of the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia do whatever may be deemed necessary and practicable to secure the cooper- ation of the women of the several States and Territories, respectively, to actively aid in the preparation of the work of securing suitable and proper exhibits. Doctor Dickinson, of Chicago, moved to lay the resolutions on the table. Seconded and carried. 120 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers do hereby most respectfully request the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition to furnish them with a building to be known as the Woman's Building; that competitive designs for this building be invited from the women architects of this country as well as from men, said designs to be submitted to the Board at the time of its next meeting, if it be not later than April next, in which case the plans are to be submitted to the Executive Committee for their approval. On motion, the consideration of this resolution was post- poned. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, presented the following resolution: Resolved, That the Standing Committees be announced as soon as possible after the adjournment of this meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, by mailing to each member of the Board a complete printed list of the same. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, submitted the following reso- lution: Resolved, That it is the emphatic sense of this Board that the Secretary of the Board should be paid a just compensation for her services, which necessarily will be onerous and involve a large degree of personal responsibility. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, moved to amend Article First as follows: Resolved, That Article First of the Rules of Procedure pre- sented by the Committee on Permanent Organization be changed to read, " The rules and order of procedure of this Board shall be the same as those of the Commission, with the exception that each day's session shall be opened by prayer." Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, offered the following resolution, in order that the Board might have a distinct understanding as to Minutes of First Session. 121 how the expenses already incurred, and those yet to be incurred, were to be met: Resolved, That the Chair be requested to name a committee of two to confer with Secretary Dickinson and report back to this Board the formalities to be observed for the prompt and correct settlement of our bills. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, and Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, were ap- pointed as committee. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Exposition be asked to confer with a committee appointed by the President of the Board of Lady Managers with reference to the best means of securing the largest attendance from all parts of the country. Referred to the Executive Committee. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, presented the following resolu- tion, by request, which was seconded by Mrs. Carse: WHEREAS, It is important to awaken the interest of women of foreign countries in making the most complete exhibits possi- ble of women's work at " The World's Columbian Exposition," and to induce them to organize for effecting this purpose as well as for establishing the full recognition of woman's share in the manufacture of exhibits which are partly the work of both sexes in such countries, and WHEREAS, Women are better calculated than men to interest their own sex in such a direction, therefore Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission recommend to the Committees on Foreign Affairs of both " The World's Columbian Commission " and the directory of " The World's Columbian Exposition " that they recognize women in their appointment of agents to go abroad in the interest of said Exposition, and that a copy of this preamble and resolution be sent by the Secretary of this Board to both committees named. Adopted. 122 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Darby, South Carolina, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we, the members of this Board, representing the women of the United States, do tender a cordial invitation to women of other nations to cooperate with us in this grand exhibit of woman's work, and that special invitations be extended to the women of the Americas, the West Indies, and Spain. That our President be requested to form a committee to confer with the Committee of Foreign Affairs on the Commission. Seconded and adopted. Adjourned to 10 o'clock Wednesday morning, November z6th. Minutes of First Session. 123 OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. First Session Seventh Day, Wednesday, Nov. 26, 1890. The Board called to order at 10 A. M. The presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. The Lord's Prayer repeated, Mrs. Wallace leading. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal; Kentucky, Mrs. Mary Cecil Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. John J. Bagley; New York, Miss Ellen A. Ford; Montana, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison; Texas, Mrs. Rosine Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Miss Hattie T. Hund- ley, Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, alternate; California, Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, Mrs. James R. Deane; Colorado, Miss Mary A. Samson, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Frances S. Ives; Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Mary R. Kinder, Mrs. J. Frank Ball; Florida, Miss. E. Nellie Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Wm. 9 124 Board of Lady Managers. H. Felton, Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, alternate; Illinois, Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, Mrs. Frances W. Shepard; Indiana, Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith; Iowa, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, Mrs. Hester A. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Cora D. Payne; Louisiana, Miss Katherine L. Minor, Miss Josephine Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, Miss Kate H. Locke, alternate; Maryland, Mrs. Alex. Thomson; Michigan, Mrs. Eliza J. P. Howes; Minne- sota, Mrs. H. F. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. James W. Lee, Mrs. John M. Stone; Missouri, Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, LL.B., Miss Lillian M. Brown; Nebraska, Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Eliza M. Russell; New Hampshire, Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd; New Jersey, Miss Mary E. Busselle; New York, Mrs. Ralph Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Charles Price, Mrs. Sallie S. Gotten, alternate; North Dakota, Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. B. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Mary A. Hart, Mrs. Walter Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. E. W. Allen; Pennsyl- vania, Miss Mary Elliott McCandless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather; South Carolina, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby,. Mrs. Ellery M. Bray ton; South Dakota, Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Helen M. Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Ida L. Turner, Mrs. Mary A. Cochran; Vermont, Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler; Virginia, Mrs. John S. Wise, Mrs. K. S. G. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Alice Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. W. Newton Linch, ^ Miss Lily Irene Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty; Wyoming, Mrs. F. H. Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Miss Laurette Lov- ell, Mrs. George Hoxworth, alternate; New Mexico, Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Marie P. H. Beeson, Mrs. Lucy D. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, Mrs. Margaret B. Salis- bury. Minutes of First Session. 125 MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. John A. Logan, Mrs. Beriah Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Bertha M. H. Palmer, Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Jennie S. Lewis, Mrs. James A. Mulligan, Frances Dickinson, M. D., Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. On motion the reading of the minutes was dispensed with. The Chair announced that the hall was engaged for the afternoon, and if the session should last all day, the club-room of the Palmer House was at the disposal of the Board. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, moved that the Board adjourn to the club-room of the Palmer House, if an afternoon session was to be held. The Chair called for the committee appointed to report on the method of liquidating the bills of the session. Mrs. Carse, Chairman, submitted the following report: The correct mode of procedure toward liquidating the bills incurred by the Board of Lady Managers is to have said bills approved by your Secretary or some other member appointed for that purpose, and then file said bills with Secretary Dickinson. The bills will then have proper attention. MRS. MATILDA B. CARSE, MRS. JAMES P. EAGLE. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, moved that the President appoint an auditing committee, to whom all the bills should be submitted to go to the Secretary in proper form. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, introduced the following resolution: Resolved, That it is the sense of this body that the buildings of the Columbian Exposition should be closed on the Sabbath. The following remarks by Mrs. Lucas were then read: LADIES: As we are fast becoming a truly parliamentary body, I, as the mother of this resolution, ask for a word of defense in behalf of it, in defense of our youth and our working 126 Board of Lady Managers. masses. To you, O mothers of sons, sisters of brothers, wives of husbands, I speak, and beg that you will not encourage, by your acquiescence in this important matter, the forming of any further hindrances to the proper observance of the inherited privilege of the American Sabbath. Our young men are seeking strength and pleasure at the wrong fountains; our masses are struggling and stumbling in the darkness for that rest and refreshment of their souls that can not be found in simple pleasures, no matter how necessary or suitable those offered may be. The human heart craves for that peace and serenity that only the true worship of God can give, and I entreat you to raise your voice against anything that will rob Him of His glory, or deprive us of our high prerogative. " Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy." He claims its observance from us as His right. He gives us the opportunity, because He recognizes our weakness and knows our need of rest to mind and body. The same old Mosaic law gave to the people a " Sabbath day's journey," thus indicating that the Sabbath was not intended to be an irksome yoke, but a blessed rest, an oasis in the whirl of this busy life. Let then no part of this exhibit interfere with morning worship, and if it should be deemed wise to satisfy the crowds, let the grounds and the art galleries be opened free on the Sabbath, after one o'clock. Thus I would provide against any bar- ter. This rich and prosperous land can well afford this spirit and act of good-will to the masses. Year by year we feel the encroach- ments of the Continental Sunday and foreign customs pervading the sanctity of the Sabbath. When Lamartine, the great French author, visited our land, he was deeply impressed with the aspect of Sunday in our then more observant calm of the day, and said: " If France would be strong, she must have the American Sab- bath." France has not, and her record bears testimony to her loss of faith. On the last Sunday of September there were eleven suicides in the city of Paris, and in this beautiful city, your papers tell us, yesterday, four deaths from suicide. In this beautiful world, with all its compensations for a well-spent life, and all its brilliant opportunities, this should not be. Sin sets its stamp, disease follows with death, and despair from lack of love and faith drives men to an untimely end. Let us raise our voice for the just observance of the Lord's day. Minutes of Mrst Session. 127 Roll call on Mrs. Carse's resolution resulted in 49 votes cast 28 for closing, 21 against. The Chair announced the presence of General Furnas, Chairman of the Sub-Executive Committee of the Columbian Commission, who was personally deputed to present the reply of the Commissioners to the inquiries embodied in the report of the Committee of Conference of the Board, and invited General Furnas to take a seat upon the platform. MRS. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Commission: MADAM: I have the honor to inform you that the Commis- sion, at its session this morning, adopted the following resolu- tion: " Resolved, That the salary of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers be fixed, for the present, at $2,000 per annum, said salary to be in lieu of the per diem and transportation ex- penses allowed to Lady Managers by the By-Laws of this Com- mission." In accordance with further action of the Commission in this respect, a room will be set apart at the office headquarters of the Commission in this city for the use of the Secretary and other officers of the Board of Lady Managers, and there will be allowed for the incidental expenses of said office, stationery, postage, books, etc., a sum not exceeding $500 per annum. The Commission has also adopted the following in reference to the Board of Lady Managers: "That for the present the Board of Lady Managers, in matter of committees, provide only for an Executive Committee, with full power to act in all matters pertaining to its work, sub- ject to the limitations of the Act of Congress; that said Com- mittee consist of twelve (12) ladies, selected in equal numbers from each of the four geographical divisions of the United States and Territories; the President of the Board to be ex- offirio member and Chairman of the Committee; that the Secre- tary shall be Secretary of the Committee, but not a member thereof. " That at the proper time a suitable building or accommo- 128 Board of Lady Managers. dation on the Exposition grounds be provided and placed under the control of the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers for official and other purposes, as requested." Very respectfully, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. Mrs. Barker inquired if this was mandatory or suggestive. General Furnas stated that he thought it was only suggest- ive, and he believed it good policy to condense the Board into as small a body as possible. Mrs. Hooker said if she understood this report, the word was, that the Executive Committee should consist of twelve members. She wanted to ascertain whether the Board, under this recommendation, must reconsider its previous action, which decided that its Executive Committee should be composed of twenty-six members. If the Board were to follow this report it would have to reconsider and change everything done. Mr. Furnas thought it not mandatory; he would advise the ladies not to change what had already been done. The Board had liberty and powers to do about as it pleased, outside of mat- ters of finance. He said that the Commissioners had no fault to find with the action of the Board, thus far, in arranging these matters in its own way; also, that larger and more extensive communication would be furnished later, and he advised the Board to go right along, appoint its committees, and get the association organized for work. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, asked if the Executive Committee had authority to meet until called by the Executive Committee of the Commission. Mr. Furnas thought not. Mrs. Meredith asked if the report was the reply of a Sub- Committee to the requests of the Committee of Conference of the Board. Mr. Furnas said it was. Minutes of First Session. 129 Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, moved that the communication be received with thanks, and that thanks be also extended to Mr. Furnas for his courtesy. Seconded and carried. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) stated that two communications had been received that morning from the delegations of colored women, and these women had asked to be heard, by our courtesy; she, therefore, desired the Board to listen to Mrs. Trent, of Chicago. Mrs. Trent presented the wishes and claims of the colored people, and asked to have a colored woman designated by the Commission and legally authorized to be at the head, or placed in charge of the exhibits of the colored people. Mrs. Brayton, Mrs. Logan, and Mrs. Trautmann cordially indorsed the proposition. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) suggested that a committee of three, to confer with Mrs. Trent during the noon recess, might indicate a plan of reaching the subject. Mrs. Meredith moved that the suggestions of Mrs. Trent be received with respect, and that a committee of three be appointed by the Chair. Seconded and carried. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) appointed Mrs. Brayton, Mrs. Logan, and Mrs. Cantrill as the committee to confer with Mrs. Trent. The following telegram was read: Miss PHOEBE COUZINS, Secretary Board Lady Managers: Your Board invited to appoint delegate to Woman's National Council. Have written. MAY WRIGHT SEWELL, Secretary Woman s National Council. Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers do hereby most respectfully request the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition to furnish them with a building to be known as the Woman's Building. That competitive designs for 130 Board of Lady Managers. this building be invited from the women architects of this country, as well as from men, said designs to be submitted to the Board at the time of its next meeting, if it be not later than April next, in which case the plans are to be submitted to the Executive Committee for their approval. Seconded and adopted. Adjourned to 2 o'clock p. M., to meet at the club-rooms of the Palmer House. Pursuant to motion for recess, the Board was called to order in the Palmer House Club-room, at 2 p. M., the presiding officer (Mrs. Potter Palmer) in the chair. The Secretary announced the presence of a quorum. The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) called for the report of the com- mittee appointed to confer with Mrs. Trent, as the first unfin- ished business of the afternoon. Mrs. Brayton, Chairman, sub- mitted the following report : The committee appointed by the Board of Lady Managers has the honor to report that the colored people request- that the Lady Managers recommend to the Columbian Commission that in designating persons to solicit exhibits, that they recognize them in securing exhibits by their race, and that the President of the Lady Managers, in appointing the Executive Committee of the Ladies Board, be respectfully requested to appoint some Lady Manager on that Committee to represent the interests of the colored people. HELEN C. BRAYTON, MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN, MRS. MAY CECIL CANTRILL. On motion, the report was adopted, and the Secretary directed to transmit a copy to the President of the Columbian Commission. Mrs. Darby, South Carolina, submitted the following reso- lution : Minutes of First Session. 131 Resolved, That the Chair be requested to name two ladies to be added to the Committee already existing on By-Laws, and that the Committee be a standing one and designated Committee on By- Laws and Judiciary. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Deane, California, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That Mrs. Moore, the alternate of Miss Phoebe Couzins, of Missouri, be considered as Miss Couzins' representa- tive in the State work during the absence of Miss Couzins, who will be required to be in Chicago in the performance of her duties as Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers of the Co- lumbian Commission. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker and adopted. Dr. Frances Dickinson, Chicago, offered the following resolution and moved its adoption: Resolved, That it is the sense of the Board of Lady Man- agers that every person employed in producing all exhibits which shall receive a reward of merit should receive a litho- graphic fac-simile of the medal which is awarded the exhibitor. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Empie, Arkansas, alternate for Mrs. Edgerton, offered the following resolution: WHEREAS, Mrs. R. A. Edgerton, of Little Rock, a lady of culture and refinement, and who is now absent in Europe, having letters of introduction to high officials of Rome, and who will have large opportunities of seeing woman's work in its many developments, will be glad to serve this Commission. Resolved, That this body recommend that Mrs. Edgerton, who is my principal, be placed in charge of one of our foreign bureaus. Seconded and referred to the Executive Committee of the Columbian Commission, with thanks to Mrs. Edgerton for the offer. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, submitted the following resolution, and moved its adoption: 132 Board of Lady Managers. Resolved, That the thanks of this body be given with a rising vote to the immortal nine of Chicago, with their alternates; also to all the members from the State of Illinois who have done so much to make us comfortable and happy. Their beautiful patience has even excelled their unequaled generosity. " May they live long and be happy!" Seconded and adopted by a rising vote. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Board appoint a delegate to attend the Woman's National Council, to be held in Washington, D. C., in 1891. Adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, moved that Mrs. Potter Palmer be appointed the delegate to represent the Board of Lady Managers in that Council. The motion was received with applause and unanimously carried. The following protest was read: Referring to Article 2 of By-Laws, we, the undersigned, object to the vote taken this morning on the Sunday closing going out as the sense of this Board, as the votes cast did not reveal a quorum present. We therefore call upon our President to rule the whole proceeding in regard to the Sunday closing out of order. LORETTE LOVELL, MAY CECIL CANTRILL, DOCTOR DICKINSON, Miss MINER, MRS. BRAYTON, MRS. DEANE. Motion was made to adopt the protest as the legal sense of the Board, which was seconded and carried. Mrs. Linch, West Virginia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Kinsley for the charming manner in which he arranged for the accom- modation of the ladies of this Board during this session. Adopted, and Secretary instructed to communicate thanks to Mr. Kinsley. Minutes of fVrst Session. 133 Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, moved that the vote taken on Monday, the 24th, directing the Secretary to discontinue the printing of the minutes, be reconsidered. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hooker offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to have the minutes printed. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Thatcher, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the President appoint a committee of three, who, with the Secretary, will examine the minutes, correct and verify them. Adopted. The Chair appointed the following: Mrs. Thatcher, Doctor Dickinson, and Mrs. Mulligan. Miss Ford, New York (at-large), submitted the following resolution: Resolved, That we offer a hearty vote of thanks to our President and Secretary for the very able manner in which they performed the very arduous duties assigned them. Adopted. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That our heartiest thanks are tendered to Mr. Bowen for his faithful work, his wonderful patience, and his invaluable services during the sessions of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted by acclamation. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, said she rose to perform the most pleasant of duties. The ladies of the Board had instructed her to present a testimonial to Mr. Bowen, who had been so extremely kind and patient in his service throughout the session. But as she had not had time to select a suitable memento, the President, Mrs. Palmer, was requested to perform the service, the Board feeling sure that her fine artistic taste could not fail in the selection of a token for the material expres- sion of their gratitude. 134 Board of Lady Managers. Mr. Bowen rose to express his appreciation and said : " Often in my life I have wished to be eloquent and happy in the choice of my language, but never more so than at this present moment, in order to thank you for what you have said of me ; but I could speak for a long time without ever being able to tell you how fortunate I consider myself in having been detailed to be at your service." Mrs. Thatcher than rose to perform a pleasant duty. She said: I have before me a testimonial from the ladies of this Com- mission, signed by all the members: " Mrs. Potter Palmer, Honored President : We, the ladies of the Columbian Commission, tender to you this silver gavel as a slight token of our appreciation of the very able manner in which you have presided over this body. Your fair rulings and considerate attention to the claims of all have won for you golden opinions." The Chair (Mrs. Palmer) said : I thank you for your kind words ; I have felt most deeply your kindness and forbearance with my inexperience. I think in presenting me with this silver gavel you run the risk of having less order, because I am sure I am going to take too good care of it to spoil it in conducting the meetings. Motion was made to thank the members of the press for their courtesies during the session. Seconded and agreed to by acclamation. Mrs. Lockwood, District Columbia (at-large), submitted the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee to be named by the President, to be called a Press Committee, be included in the standing com- mittees. Seconded and adopted, and the Chair directed to form the Press Committee at once. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following resolution, as an amendment to Article Third of the By-Laws, relating to the duties of alternates: Minutes of First Session. 135 Resolved, That in all cases where a Manager, who is a mem- ber of a committee, be absent, her alternate be authorized to represent her on that committee. A motion prevailed to reconsider the By-Law. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Meredith's resolution of amendment was seconded and adopted, and the By-Law, as amended, read as follows: ARTICLE THIRD. Powers of Alternate Managers. An alternate Manager shall assume and perform the duties of the Manager whose alternate she is only when her principal may be unable to attend the meetings of the Board. That in all cases where a Manager who is a member of a Committee be absent, her alternate be authorized to represent her on that Committee. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we proceed to constitute a Committee on Finance immediately, that it may be ready to approach Congress at its first session, said Committee to be appointed by the Chair. Seconded and adopted. Members of Special Finance Committee. Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Mrs. Margaret Elaine Salisbury, Mrs. D. F. Verdenal, Miss Mary E. McCandless, Mrs. Martha B. Stevens, Mrs. Mary A. Logan, Mrs. Mary S. Harrison, Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, Miss Charlotte Field Dailey, Mrs. Lily Rosecrans Toole, Mrs. W. Newton Linch. Doctor Dickinson, Chicago, offered the following reso- lution: Resolved, That Mr. Vesey, from the staff of Secretary Dick- inson's office, who has assisted Mr. Bowen, and cares for the letters and other papers, shall hereby receive the thanks of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. 136 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Russell Harrison, Montana, moved that a vote of thanks be extended to the ushers and the pages. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hooker offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the alternates be furnished with badges, as they may at any time be called to serve for their principals, the word "alternate" to be indicated thereon. Seconded and adopted. Chair (Mrs. Palmer) announced the arrival of President Palmer and the Executive Committee of the Columbian Commis- sion, and invited the gentlemen to take seats upon the platform. President Palmer submitted the following resolution from the World's Columbian Commission, which had been unanimously adopted at its meeting, held in the Council Chamber of the City Hall, Wednesday afternoon, November 26, 1890, and, by way of preamble, said: MRS. PRESIDENT AND LADY MANAGERS: Our Commission is a very unruly body towards the closing hours of any session. Every one of the Commissioners, I believe, who lives out of the city, is anxious to go to a Thanksgiving dinner, and therefore they did not treat your request with the consideration that it deserved and merited, but relegated it to the Executive Com- mittee, which I believe is the Committee which will have super- vision, if we act in the spirit of Congress. I do not know whether you understand that phrase; with us it is a very material part of our proceedings, and we are never permitted to appoint a Committee of an uneven number, as it has always to be an even number, and just as many democrats as republicans on the Committee. In response to your request, the Executive Com- mittee have formulated certain articles, which I now present to your President for your information, and I would thank the Sec- retary to read them: Resolved, That the work of the Board of Lady Managers is, Minutes of First Session. 137 by the By-Laws of the Commission, placed under the direction and control of the Executive Committee. That the methods and agencies adopted by them in carrying forward the duties imposed on them by the Act of Congress shall be devised and executed by said Board without any direction or control of this Committee, but subject to the approval of this Committee. . That we will recommend the construction of a suitable building or pavilion on the Exposition grounds, to be placed under the control of the Board of Lady Managers, for official and other purposes. That we respectfully request the Board of Lady Managers to work in conjunction with this Committee and the National Commission in efforts to interest the people of the respective States and Territories and the District of Columbia in the suc- cess of the World's Columbian Exposition. That we deem it inexpedient at this time to formulate any further instructions to the Board of Lady Managers more explic- itly defining their duties, but will appoint a sub-committee of this Committee to confer with a committee of their Board, at an early date, for the purpose of more fully prescribing their duties. That we will join with the Board of Lady Managers in a recommendation to Congress to make an additional appropria- tion to pay the expenses of said Board, if they so desire. That we congratulate the Board of Lady Managers of this Commission upon their complete organization, and their great success in the selection of their eminent officials, and we wish them God-speed in their noble work. MRS. HOOKER: I am asked to say something in reference to this report of the Committee. If you will allow me my first words, I am delighted to find that there are three mistakes in it. The one difficult thing that we have had to contend with in our Board is, that in our inexperience we have been afraid that we should make mistakes; now we find that is a thing we are expected to do, and we are greatly relieved. The next point is to say to these gentlemen that we have this afternoon, while waiting for their ornate presence, instructed 138 Board of Lady Managers. our President to appoint a Finance Committee, and we under- stand that she has so appointed it, or will soon do so, in order that we may go to Washington and be present at the beginning of the session of Congress. If that is the desire of these gentlemen that it be carried out, we shall be happy to hear from them, if they think best that our Finance Committee shall meet with them and appear before Congress in connection with them, so that they will testify that we are fully authorized to act in the matter. JUDGE MARTINDALE, Indiana: Ladies, the modesty of our President is proverbial; I think he only needs a little urging to make all the explanation required. In answer to the last question, if you will read our resolu- tion, in the conclusion it touches that question: "Whereas, we pledge ourselves to unite with you." If you have appointed a committee, we will appoint one and we will meet you, and, allow me to say, I hope I will have the good fortune to be on that committee. We have already passed that resolution. We say, if it is your desire, and I suppose your desire is expressed in the resolution you passed to-day, and the appointment of a com- mittee for the purpose of executing it. Now, ladies, pardon me a few moments. This has been a rebellious and stormy session. It is not necessary that I should recite here the dissensions that had to be adjusted and contro- versies that have arisen, and the good spirit and feeling with which all of them have been settled, but you must not suppose that it was reached without great labor, and to-day, when the report of the committee from your body was brought into our Commission, it was during the discussion of one of the most important questions the one really for which we were convened the exhibiting of plans and specification?. Under the Act of Congress, with which the ladies are, no doubt, more familiar than the gentlemen, it became necessary that these plans and specifi- Minutes of First Session. 139 cations should be presented by the Illinois Directory and accepted by the National Commission before we could inform the President of the United States that he might proceed to proclaim to the world that the Fair was established. On account of the changes from time to time with regard to sites, the discussion of the question of the location of the buildings and their character, the failure to secure from the President a proclamation, the impression has gone abroad that we are not progressing as we ought to; all the newspapers are taking it up, and therefore it became all-important that at the earliest possible minute we should go ahead and settle all these questions. We were, when your report came in, in consideration of this question of what is called tentative plans and other general speci- fications which were opposed by many members of our Commis- sion, and the passage of which were really vital to give efficacy to every act that we have performed. At this point these questions came up, and I do not think they received the consid- eration and attention that they should have received; but on the meeting of the Executive Committee, which is the first time it is assembled, it is charged by the By-Laws with the defining of the duties or methods of the Lady Managers in conducting their part of this business under the Act of Congress. I confess to you that I have not had time I have never had ten days' harder work in my life and I have not had time, and I think that our Commission had not given the matter the entire consideration that the circumstances and that your request demanded. But as soon as we assembled we gave it hasty consideration, and reached the conclusions we laid before you. I think it is proper that I should state that I do not believe that any discourtesy was intended by not acting in a general way on your asking us to fix a compensation for your officers. I confess to you that I did not know that a request had ever been made, but in referring to it in our Finance Committee, to which all resolutions of this 10 140 Board of Lady Managers. kind are referred, there being two resolutions, they seem to have lost one, and acted upon one without acting upon the other. When our body assembled it was thought after a chastisement to some extent of our Executive Committee in the National Commission, by criticism of its acts it was thought inexpedient for us to take up that question and pass upon it. We might have presented it to the Commission, and it might have failed to pass upon it, and we therefore decided to rely upon your kind- ness and your forbearance, with the explanation we are enabled to make. Now, ladies, it is the desire and intention of everyone con- nected with this Commission that all the energy and thought and the industry which the ladies of America can bring to bear for the purpose of making the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 a great success may be put forth, and we hope that you will join us heart and hand in carrying this out. Ladies do not stop and fold their arms in church-work, they do not stop in domestic life, and in fashion and in social life we have to fol- low the lead of ladies, and so in these matters your own inge- nuity and energy must prescribe to you a duty to perform, and you must perform it. MRS. HOOKER: Judge Martindale has solved our greatest difficulty. In the afternoon, while waiting for you, the ladies have asked what we should do, and we said we could not tell them until we heard from the Committee. As I understand it, we are to do whatsoever our hands find to do, not merely for the promotion of woman's industry, but we have to join with you, our brothers, in making a glorious success of the whole Expo- sition. JUDGE MARTINDALE: That is right. MRS. HOOKER: Now we are here to hold you thereto. PRESIDENT PALMER: In the spirit of the Act of Congress, we will now call, with your permission, upon Commissioner Minutes of First Session. 141 McDonald from California, who is a Democrat, to say a few words. SENATOR MCDONALD: Ladies of the Board of Lady Man- agers of the Columbian Commission: We have had a turbulent week in our Commission, and I must say that I have been defeated in everything that I attempted; hence it has not gone my way, and I am not quite satisfied with it, but the majority must always rule. But I do feel compensated for the time given, ladies of America, for all the efforts I have made in this Commission, when I see the great success that has been attained in this Board of Lady Managers during this session. It so happened that I was the author of the paper setting forth and defining the duties of this Board of Lady Managers. We did the best we could, and we have been working in the interests of the ladies from that time to the present, and now I say I am fully compensated for all the work that has been done in our Commission when I see before me the evidences of the great triumph you have achieved during the session of this week. I shall go to my home upon the Pacific Shore, so I do not think I shall have the pleasure of meeting these ladies for one good long year, but I do congratu- late myself that during this last summer, when we were traveling over the greater part of these States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, that we made known the great virtues and the attainments of the lady whom you have elected as President of this Board, and how fortunate I think you have been, how fortunate for the country, how fortunate for the success of the Board of Lady Managers; and without trying to make a distinction, I do believe that we gentlemen have done exceedingly well, because it de- volved upon the Commissioners to select the Lady Managers, and they have outdone themselves, and surpassed their own Board of Commissioners. Ladies, my best wishes will remain with you. I do hope, and I do believe, that this Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Commission will add greatly to the 142 Board of Lady Managers. success of the World's Fair. I do believe that in the stronghold of that department we will find collected all that is beautiful not all that is grand, but all that leads upward and delights us and adds to our pleasure. I am taking too much time; I thank you. Calls were made for President Palmer. PRESIDENT PALMER: Mrs. President and Ladies: I had not got my speech quite ready. I thought I would come in toward the end, and I was picking up crumbs as the others spoke. But a great deal has been said, and I think a great many of you ladies have wondered why some instructions were not given to you as to what you were to do. I always opposed giving you any instructions, and I think my friend McDonald and the other gentlemen have agreed with me. Woman has common sense. She has ceased to be a doll or plaything. She has brains, she has energy, she has intelligence, and if any one does not be- lieve it, look around and see the mothers left with five or six or eight or ten children, and see how they bring them up. The father either gives the children away, takes to drink, marries another woman, or commits suicide. The mother will go out and scrub floors; she will wash; she will teach school; she will keep board- ing-house, but she keeps her little brood around her, and brings them up. I am sorry to say, in some cases, that we find them ungrateful, particularly some of the boys; I will not say it of the girls. But now in regard to instructions. They say that men are but children of a larger growth. I saw that in an old reader in school; it was the text of a piece we had to read. I do not remember what the piece was, but I do remember the text, and I carry myself back to when I was a boy. Now, if I had been given the charge of a fair, I certainly should have relied more upon my mother for a suggestion than upon my father. The old gentleman probably would have taken care of the heavy work, but the aesthetic, the philanthropic part of it, my mother Minutes of First Session. 143 would have taken care of, and I have no doubt that the fair, if it had been a success, would have owed its chief success to my mother, and I believe now that this fair will derive its greatest merit from the suggestions made from the women, and on that account I dislike very much to have any instructions given you. We want your ideas to be original; we want you to assert your- selves, and I believe you will do it. Another thing, I look upon this fair, not as a mere aggrega- tion of people that are coming here to have a good time, coming here to swell the wealth of Chicago and its population, for they have too many people here, in my opinion, now, but it is going to have the greatest influence on the unification of our country of any events that have transpired since our late unpleasantness. We want the women of the North to meet the women of the South. We want them to find out that they have the same emo- tions, the same affections, the same regard for aesthetic things, and the same aspirations as the women of the South. When we have the women of the South unified with the women of the North the day of jubilee has come for America, and I believe that that will be the one grand, great result. Many men may make fortunes out of the Fair, real estate may boom in Chicago, but the grand residuum of the whole turmoil, of the seething caldron, will be a united America, and to that end the women of the South and the women of the North can contribute in a greater measure than any other factor. ONE OF THE LADIES : When shall we meet again ? PRESIDENT PALMER : Your President has been asking me some very weighty questions, to be responded to immediately. We shall have to look at the law to see whether you can come together without permission of our Executive Committee ; but if you want to come together at any time to confer about any- thing, the Executive Committee will come together, if necessary, to authorize you to come together. 144 Board of Lady Managers. At the suggestion of President Palmer, Judge Harris, of Virginia, spoke as follows : JUDGE HARRIS : Mrs. President and Ladies : At this late hour I will not try to explain the law to you. The Commission, of which I am a member, has the most cordial and kind consid- eration for the Lady Managers, who are acting and coOperat- ing with us. Congress was wise in denominating you as Lady Managers yes, Managers. They manage the world ; they man- age mankind everywhere, and a man is better for being so man- aged. My friend says that in the spirit of the Act of Congress even numbers should be on the committee. It is right that we should have even numbers everywhere, and the young lady who has caused a young man to walk through life in the singular number has a heavy load upon her conscience. Even numbers promote the best interests of the country and the best interests of society. Now, my lady friends, I congratulate the country, I congratulate the Commission, and I congratulate yourselves upon your orderly, your dignified and conservative course during your stay. There were some who seemed to think that when the ladies got together in this new and untried position, that they would run wild, that they would make a raid on the Treasury, and that they would the dickens knows what they would do ; but instead of that, history will bear testimony that it has been the most orderly and deliberative body that has ever met in this country, and the country will give you credit for your sagacity, and your intelligence, and your good success in the selection of your energetic, your well-adapted and well-skilled Secretary, and the whole country will bear testimony that you have called to preside over you one of the most elegant and intellectual, and one of the most charming ladies which God has ever given to this or any other country. I was on the Committee of Finance, to which was referred the question of salary. We regarded the Secretary as an officer whose business commenced at once, and Minutes of First Session. 145 therefore secured compensation for her, but when we came to the President we felt it was a subject almost too sacred to touch, and we adjourned that over until the further meeting, when we agreed to give it the same consideration. Now, my dear ladies, in telling you good-by, I say that you have distinguished yourselves even beyond my expectations ; you have distinguished yourselves for the splendid manner in which you have conducted your deliberative body, and to-night we part you with our best wishes, and I know we have yours. To-day, to-morrow, the next day, or the day after, we will reach our homes. Your husbands and our wives will say to us : " Tis sweet to hear the honest watch-dog's bark, Bay deep-mouthed welcome as we draw near home ; 'Tis sweet to know an eye will mark our coming, And grow brighter as we come." PRESIDENT PALMER : Ladies, the Judge has not touched upon the point uppermost in our minds. The question is : "When shall we three meet again?" that is, the Lady Mana- gers, the Judge, and myself. I want him to answer that in the spirit of the Act of Congress. JUDGE HARRIS: I am not prepared to say, but we will meet whenever the Commission meets. PRESIDENT PALMER: I think that the Board of Lady Man- agers would like to hear from Commissioner King, of Iowa. MR. KING: Mrs. President and Board of Lady Managers: When I came here I had no expectation of being called upon to speak. There has been so much already said which I heartily indorse, that I think it would be improper for me to take the time to make any lengthy remarks. I am very glad that you are here. I am very glad that we have been able to get along thus far in such good harmony, and I think it is not surprising that the Executive Committee have found difficulty in formulating in advance rules, and regulations, and restrictions. I think it 146 Board of Lady Managers. would be difficult to intelligently formulate in advance, in the case of matrimony, proper rules and restrictions for either side. I think if these were laid down in advance they would be sure to be broken by one or the other party, and as this to my mind is, in a certain sense, a case of marriage, I hope that we will be able to go on together in the united relation united and pleas- antly, and I think this has been typified in the Presidents which we have elected; we have been able, in our united action, to be united in our Presidents, and call them both Palmer. I have great confidence that you will be able to go forward with success. I have not so much confidence in the Commission on its part, but if you will correct our defects and our errors, as I think you will be able to do, we shall be able to achieve a much better success than otherwise. I will not occupy your time further, but I have confidence that we shall in the end of our work realize that this novel, this new arrangement of bringing the ladies into the cor- poration, in this grand National enterprise, will be thoroughly indorsed by the success of the enterprise. MRS. HOOKER: I would like to ask if we may consider this an offer of marriage ? MR. KING: I am sorry if I have been so misunderstood. I thought we were already married. PRESIDENT PALMER: A note has been sent to me, which, with the permission of the President, I will read: " I understand that of all the ladies elected six Vice-Presidents are Republicans. The Democrats are dissatisfied." Now, ladies, I contend this, that no one has any right to complain of the politics of a lady until she is permitted to vote; and then you can arrange yourselves with us in the adverse phalanxes, and we will fight it out together. MRS. TRAUTMANN: That was one of the instructions on the first or second day, I do not remember which, that all questions of politics should be eliminated from our Board. Minutes of First Session. 147 PRESIDENT PALMER: I think this fire-brand has been sent up by some bad man. MR. ADLAI T. EWING, Commissioner from Illinois: When Madame de Stael asked Napoleon, the great hero of a hundred battles, what France most needed, he replied: "France needs most, good mothers." If I were to be asked what this great Exposition enterprise needs most, to make it a great success, I would say, it needs the aid of good women. But the question has been anticipated and already answered, and the enterprise has the aid of good women. I am happy that I have been privi- leged to be the resident Commissioner of this great Commission, joined with you in a great effort to bring the world together in the exhibition of articles of peace; that it has been the good fortune of the city in which I am privileged to live to have se- cured this great Fair and the congregation of good men and good women that have come together in its interests, and I am further rejoiced that it is the occasion of the first recognition of women in this country by the Congress of the United States and by the hearty indorsement of the law as set forth by the Com- missioners themselves when they made the Board of Lady Man- agers co-extensive with every interest in the country. And I may further add that I rejoice in a sentiment I heard here to-day, that it was not to be a competitive effort between the women and the men, but was cooperative, to show that women and men, cooperating together, can bring about far greater results than any competitive efforts might do. And when this Fair shall have been held, when the world shall have looked with wonder upon its surprising success, and when after years shall have determined its lasting benefit, through it all will be seen the hand of woman, like the hand of Rosalind, " Fair beyond comparison, compared with which, all other hands are ink." PRESIDENT PALMER : There is only one more, Commis- sioner Hirst, of Florida. We would like to hear from him. 148 Board of Lady Managers. COMMISSIONER HIRST : I think the Executive Committee are violating an ancient custom. When gentlemen visit ladies, the ladies are supposed to do the talking. PRESIDENT PALMER : Will some one respond to Commis- sioner Hirst ? MRS. HOOKER : I like the suggestion of the Commissioner from Florida. I notice, always, in assemblages of gentlemen, especially when they are having a good dinner, and everything is charming, they give the toast of " The Ladies," and they always call on a gentleman to respond. I never liked that way, and I always thought that the ladies should respond. Miss BUSSELLE, New Jersey : Will our esteemed member, Mrs. Meredith, make a few remarks ? MRS. MEREDITH : I do not think I have anything to say. I do think the gentlemen said very agreeable things, and I think we are pleased to find that there is a spirit of good-will ; I think we can thank the gentlemen for expressing that good-will. They have not touched upon the question, but, nevertheless, I thank the gentlemen for what they have said, and I am sure the ladies feel precisely the same way. MRS. THATCHER : Any assistance from the ladies is hardly necessary. We have listened with great pleasure to the enco- miums of the Executive Committee. We feel grateful that our efforts to adjust ourselves within the limits'that have been allowed us are appreciated. It has been the intention of this body to do all the work that the gentlemen would give us to do ; we have faithfully carried out every suggestion, every possible wish that has been expressed. We thank these gentlemen for the kindly words, for the encouragement of their presence, for the very graceful compliments they have paid us, and we ask in the future that they may retain those same kindly feelings toward us. Minutes of First Session. 149 MRS. BARKER, South Dakota : I remember when the Inter- national Convention of Women convened in Washington, I took up a Minneapolis paper Chicago papers would not have printed such a thing and I read that they were going to have a hen convention down in Washington. But when the reports of the papers came back, giving the most wonderful speeches of the women in this International Council, and of the wonderful work that was done there, the Minneapolis paper came out and said " The Queens of the world have just closed their convention in Washington," and if anybody had an idea that this Board of Lady Managers could have been spoken of in such a contemptu- ous way as a hen convention, I am sure that some of them who have listened to the methodical work that has been laid out, the earnest discussion, and the conscientious consideration of the questions before them, will be ready to say that the Queens of America have been in session in Chicago. I thank the gentle- men. MRS. MULLIGAN, Chicago: In the spirit of the Act of Con- gress, I move that we do now adjourn. MRS. PRESIDENT PALMER: This painful moment has come. It has been moved and seconded that the Board do now adjourn, subject to the call of the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission. And the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Colum- bian Commission stands adjourned sine die. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. First Day, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 1891. The Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission met at 10 A. M., September 2, 1891, in Apollo Hall, Chicago, Mrs. President Palmer presiding, pursuant to the fol- lowing call of the President, which was mailed to the members of the Board on August 15, 1891: In accordance with a resolution adopted to-day by the Board of Reference and Control, the President of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission is authorized to call a meeting of the Board. I am, therefore, directed by the President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, to notify you that a meeting of the Board of Lady Man- agers is hereby called for Wednesday, September 2, at 10 o'clock, A. M., in this city, and to request your prompt attendance, as matters of great importance will be considered at said meeting. Please acknowledge receipt. Very truly yours, SUSAN G. COOKE, Secretary pro tern. Board of Lady Managers. CHICAGO, August 13, 1891. At the invitation of the President, Mrs. Barker, of South Dakota, offered prayer. (151) 162 Board of Lady Managers. The roll was called and the following ladies responded to their names: ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal ; Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood ; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley ; New York, Miss Ford ; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate ; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton ; Cali- fornia, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane ; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley ; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker ; Delaware, Mrs. Torbert, Mrs. Ball ; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck ; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead ; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan ; Illinois, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Gould, alternate ; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball, alternate ; Iowa, Mrs. Clarke, Miss Miller ; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback ; Kentucky, Miss Payne ; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare ; Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens ; Maryland, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson ; Massachusetts, Mrs. Frost ; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell ; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate ; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone ; Missouri, Miss Couzins ; Montana, Mrs. Rickards ; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, alternate ; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall ; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Smith, alternate ; New York, Mrs. Trautmann ; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder ; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell ; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence ; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton ; Pennsylvania, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas ; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey ; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate ; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker ; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke ; Texas, Mrs. Cochran, Mrs. Turner ; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate ; Virginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul ; Washington^ Mrs. Minutes of Second Session. 153 Houghton ; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson ; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde ; Wyoming, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell ; New Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett ; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles ; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse, Mrs. Shattuck, alternate. Quorum present. The Chair announced that since the meeting last November the office of Secretary had been declared vacant, and that the order of business before the Board was the completion of the organization by the election of a Secretary. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved that the Board pro- ceed immediately to the election of a permanent Secretary. Seconded by Mrs. Ashley, Colorado, and carried. Miss Minor, Louisiana, moved that nominations for the office be made without speeches. Seconded by Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, and carried. Mrs. Bagley, Michigan, nominated Mrs. Susan G. Cooke, Tennessee, for Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers Seconded by Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, at-large, moved that the vote be taken by call of roll. Seconded by Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, and carried. No other nominations being made, the roll was called, the Chair stating that those voting " aye " would be counted as vot- ing for Mrs. Cooke. The result was as follows: 154 Board of Lady Managers. LADIES VOTING AYE. Mrs. Verdenal, Mrs. Cantrill, Mrs. Lockwood, Mrs. Bagley, Miss Ford, Mrs. Ryan, Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Smith, Mrs. Fosdick, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley, Miss Ives, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck, Mrs. Olmstead, Mrs. Straughan, Mrs. Gould, Mrs. Shepard, Miss Ball, Mrs. Meredith, Mrs. Clark, Miss Miller, Mrs. Hanback, Mrs. Mitchell, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, Mrs. Ladd, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Trautmann, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. McConnell, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton, Miss McCand- less, Mrs. Lucas, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Cochran, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate; Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul, Mrs. Houghton, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde, Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles, Mrs. Whalen, Mrs. Keogh, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Shattuck, Mrs. Mulligan, Mrs. BradwelL Mrs. Doolittle. LADIES PRESENT BUT NOT VOTING. Mrs. Hooker, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Felton, Miss Payne, Mrs. Stevens, Miss Couzins, Mrs. Riclcards, Mrs. Hall, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. Hartpence, Miss Cunningham, Mrs. Brayton, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Carse, Mrs. Winston. Mrs. Cooke was declared elected Secretary of the Board oi Lady Managers, and expressed her thanks as follows: I realize that the least heard from me at this time, the bet- ter; but I can not allow this opportunity to pass without assuring you how deeply I feel this expression of your favor and confi- dence, which I shall certainly try to merit, and I thank you heartily. Minutes of Second Session. 155 The following communications were then read: [First.] September i, 1891. MRS. AMEY M. STARKWEATHER, Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Exposition. DEAR MADAM: We have your favor of August 31, and in reply would say that we shall be pleased to see Mrs. Palmer and the Lady Managers at our Miniature on Wednesday afternoon next. Respectfully yours, WM. PHILLIPSON. On motion of Mrs. Ryan, Texas, seconded by Miss Busselle, New Jersey, the invitation was accepted. [Second. ~\ CHICAGO, September i, 1891. To Mrs. POTTER PALMER, President, and to the Board of Lady Managers : I have the honor to request the presence of the Board of Lady Managers at my illustrated lecture on the " Paris and World's Columbian Expositions," to be delivered at Apollo Hall, Saturday, September 5, at 8 p. M. Very respectfully, A. B. DE GUERVILLE. On motion of Mrs. Trautmann, New York, seconded by Miss Busselle, New Jersey, the invitation to attend the lecture of Mons. A. B. de Guerville was accepted. The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Trautmann: Resolved, That when this board adjourn to-day, it adjourn at 12.30 o'clock, until 10 o'clock to-morrow morning, for the pur- pose of visiting this afternoon the World's Fair Grounds, to par- ticularly inspect the work being done on the Woman's Building, and to generally examine the grounds and buildings in order to gain such information as will enable this Board to proceed intel- ligently in the consideration of all matters that may be submitted for formal action thereon, at this session. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, New York, at-large, and adopted. 11 156 Board of Lady Managers. The Chair announced the presence of Congressman Springer, of Illinois, the author of Section 6 of the Act of Congress authorizing the World's Fair Bill. After a short address from Mr. Springer, the President pre- sented the following report: It is with great pleasure that I greet the members of the Board of Lady Managers. We have come together with one prevailing sentiment, that of rejoicing that we are enabled to meet, after a year of thought and experiment, to perfect the plans for the great work which has been assigned us. When we compare the frail and uncertain foothold of a year ago with the firm ground upon which we now stand, we must feel elated at the contrast. We were then not even sure that Congress would not largely reduce our membership, a measure with that end in view having been proposed by a member from Missouri. An appropriation by the Government for our Board seemed very doubtful. We were by no means confident as to the willingness of the Directors to grant us a building, and it was unsettled whether the Commission would prescribe for us a line of duties more important than the general and indefinite task of working in the separate States to interest the people in the Expo- sition. But when we review the gradual steps by which we have slowly gained one point after another, from the Directory, a superb building; from Congress, favorable legislation, and from the Commission, the right and duty to take entire charge of all the interests of women at the Exposition, we must feel that we have been upheld and sustained for the accomplishment of a grand purpose; that we have a mission to fulfill which we must regard as sacred, and that to its accomplishment we must bend our untiring energies. Before proceeding to a detailed statement of the progress we have made, I wish to touch upon one point which seems to me to be of great importance. You have all doubtless re- ceived a voluminous assortment of pamphlets and other docu- ments which have been sent out from Chicago. The gist and tenor of these seems to be that, since the adjournment of the Minutes of Second Session. 157 Board, the representatives left here have surrendered some of the privileges and prerogatives of this Board, and that its power and right to govern itself have been, in a greater or less degree, relinquished. These documents are intended to persuade you that when you were last here you were the possessors of rights and privileges which have now disappeared. I trust it will be fully demonstrated, before our adjournment, that it was not a desire for the welfare of our Board which prompted the circu- lation of this literature, but that it was prompted by an ulterior motive. I will pass over that now, and merely say a few words as to the substance of the documents. Only once since our adjournment has the Commission, through its properly authorized subordinate bodies, taken any action which relates to our sphere of duties. This action was expressed in the resolutions of the Board of Control, passed at its meeting on March n, 1891. It is these resolutions, then, to which refer- ence is made when it is said that our rights have been infringed. This is the action which, it is said, your representatives should have resisted. Allow me, briefly, to refer to the facts which preceded the passage of these resolutions. It will be remembered that when we convened for the first time, the only laws relating to our being were the Act of Congress and By-Law Eleven of the National Commission. The only pos- sible difference of opinion that could arise as to the construction of the Act of Congress would be in the interpretation of the word "duties" in the phrase: "a Board of Lady Managers, of such number, and to perform such duties, as may be prescribed by said Commission." Did Congress intend that the Commission should dictate to us a certain line of work, and then leave us entirely free to form our own organization, and to proceed by our own methods and agencies, or did Congress intend that the Commission should not only dictate to us a line of work, but also have control and supervision of the methods and agencies by which we were to carry on that work? Was it part of our duty to organize in the way the Commission should direct, and to follow its instructions as to the details of our procedure ? The National Commission has, from the first, been apparently 168 Board of Lady Managers. quite free from doubt as to the proper construction of the Act of Congress, for in By-Law Eleven it directed us to organize by electing a President and a Secretary, and thus, by the very first act, in reference to us, it prescribed as a duty, not certain work, but a form of organization. This involved the assumption that it had the power to dictate the methods and agencies by which we were to carry on the actual work, which it would sug- gest later. By-Law Eleven also shows that it took absolute con- trol as to the number and duration of all our meetings. The attitude and understanding of our own Board on this subject are shown by the fact that we met and organized under By-Law Eleven, with no protest against the construction put upon the Act of Congress by the Commission. After electing a Presi- dent and a Secretary, as directed, our acquiescence in its assump- tion of authority was further shown by the appointment of a committee to confer with the Committee of Conference from the Executive Committee of the Commission, to receive from it further instructions. The resolution of our Board, by which this committee derived its authority, and which was offered by Mrs. Felton, of Georgia, is as follows: Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the Chair, to confer with the gentlemen Commissioners as to their construction of the law authorizing the appointment of this Board of Lady Managers, that we may not exceed the proper limit in expenses, or in any other direction which may expose our organization to unfriendly criticism by Congress, or by the country. Let us make sure that we are in harmony with the law and with the Commissioners. Thus, from the first, there has seemed to be no difference of opinion between our Board and the Commission as to the right of the latter tc dictate our form of organization and procedure. And later, on the 26th of November, when President Palmer presented the resolution of the Executive Committee of the Commission, to the effect that our work was to be placed under the direction and control of the said Executive Committee, but that we were to be allowed to choose our own methods and agencies in carrying forward the work, subject only to its approval, the resolution was hailed by the women of our Board Minutes of Second Session. 159 as being a concession and grant to us by the said Executive Committee of rights which undoubtedly belonged to it. In regard to this concession, it must be observed: First, that as it was in no sense a contract between the Executive Commit- tee and our Board, but a mere gratuity, there was no reason why it could not be revoked at any moment. Second, that if there could have been any possible doubt as to the power of the Executive Committee to revoke this grant and resume the same control of our methods and agencies, and all our forms of organi- zation, which it had previously had, such doubt is put at rest by the qualifying phrase which follows the grant, and which reads ''subject to the approval of this Committee." It may be further noted, that among the resolutions presented by President Palmer and others, on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Commission, was the following : " That we deem it inexpedient, at this time, to formulate any further instructions as to the Board of Lady Managers, more explicitly defining their duties, but will appoint a sub-committee of this committee to confer with a committee of their Board at an early date, for the purpose of more fully prescribing their duties." These resolutions were presented late on the afternoon of November 26th, and shortly afterward, the Executive Committee having prescribed nothing further for us to do, the Board neces- sarily adjourned. Notice, then, the state of affairs when the ladies left this city for their homes. The work of our Board was under the direction and control of the Executive Committee, and our Board was the temporary repository of the power of the Executive Committee to regulate our methods and agencies, which power was subject to revocation at its pleasure, and the Executive Committee had explicitly stated that, at some future time, it would have some- thing more to say in regard to our duties. Allow me, here, to emphasize the fact that this construction of our relative duties and privileges was arrived at without any friction or difference of opinion between our Board and the Commission. In the whole of our minutes no protest is to be found against the assumption, by the Commission, that it had 160 Board of Lady Managers. the right to dictate our methods of organization and procedure, and the right to approve or disapprove our methods and agencies. If, in acquiescing in that assumption, any concessions were made of rights which, by a proper construction, should have belonged to us, let it be borne in mind that such acquiescence and concessions were made and understood by our full Board, when all the ladies were here. If our Board, by a proper construction, should have been entirely free from the dictation of the Executive Committee, as to our forms of organization, and as to our methods and agencies, then protest should undoubtedly have been made by our Board during its first meeting, against such usurpations of power, and the proper steps taken to have our rights established. In February the Board of Control was in session in this city, and was discussing the possibility of calling a meeting of the Commission. Taking advantage of its presence here, I requested that it call a meeting of our Board, and also that, in accordance with the above resolution, it still further prescribe our duties, in order that we might know, when we met, what our powers and duties were. The Board of Control replied that it had no money to defray the expenses of a meeting of our Board, and hence must refuse to authorize it; but in reply to my request that it still further prescribe our duties, it passed, on the nth day of March, the following resolutions, a copy of which was sent me : *****" Now, therefore, for the purpose of more fully fixing and defining the powers and duties of said Board of Lady Managers, Resolved, By the Board of Reference and Control, 1. That the Board of Lady Managers be, and they are hereby directed and empowered to appoint one-half of the members of all committees authorized to award prizes for exhibits which may be produced in whole or in part by female labor. 2. That said Board shall have the management and control of the building known as the Woman's Building. 3. That said Board shall have general charge and manage- ment of all the interests of women in connection with the Exposition; and it is hereby recognized and declared to be the official channel of communication through which all women, or Minutes of Second Session. 161 organizations of women, may be brought into relation with the Exposition, and through which all applications for space shall be made for the use of women, or their exhibits, on the grounds or in the buildings, or for the construction of buildings intended exclusively for women's use in the Exposition; and that, in respect to these, and all similar matters connected with the preparation for and the management of the Exposition, in so far as the same relates to women's work, women's exhibits, and women's interests in general, the direction and approval of the Board of Lady Managers, through its President, shall be neces- sary before final and conclusive action is taken. 4. That, in conducting the work herein assigned to said Board of Lady Managers, the same shall in all things be done under the diiection and supervision, and with the approval of the President of said Board, who shall have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee of said Board, and to the approval of the Commission and its Director-General; and that all correspondence, clerical, and working force, and expenditures of money shall be directed, ordered, and approved by the President of said Board, who shall have all accounts duly audited, and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control for approval. 5. That, owing to the evident intention of Congress to allow few meetings of the full Board of Lady Managers, the Executive Committee thereof, or a Sub-Committee of said Execu- tive Committee, is hereby authorized and empowered, in the absence of the Board, to exercise any and all powers which said Board might exercise in session, including the right and privilege of amending its By-Laws, should said Executive Committee, or Sub-Committee, at any time deem it necessary or advisable. 6. That a salary of five thousand dollars per annum shall be paid to the President of the Board of Lady Managers, to date from her election to said office on the zoth day of November, 1890, and a salary of three thousand dollars shall be paid to the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, to date from the first day of March, 1891; each of said salaries shall be subject, however, to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, as required by law." A careful scrutiny of these resolutions will show that they neither attempt nor accomplish anything more than a change in our methods of organization. Furthermore, these resolutions were subsequently ratified, in almost the identical words, by the Commission's Executive Committee, its Judiciary Committee, and by the Commission itself, at its April meeting, so there can 162 Board of Lady Managers. be no doubt of their binding force. For one of your officers to deny the authority of the Commission to direct and control our work, and to regulate our organization, at this late day, would have been a revolutionary step. This full Board had, by its action, determined upon, and established its relation to the Com- mission. It had openly acknowledged itself subject to certain orders of the Commission, and if one of your officers, after the adjournment of the Board, had taken it upon herself to say that such action as this by the Commission was illegal, and to repudiate it, it would have been a most unwarrantable usurpa- tion, and a breach of her duty to this Board. Thus it appears that your representatives would have had no right to complain of these resolutions, even if they had been esteemed hostile to our Board. But let me go further, and point out that, even if our Board could legally object to them, we could have no possible motive for so doing, when we examine them and find that, instead of being hostile to our interests, these resolutions give us a fullness of power, and an amplitude of scope that we had not dared hope for. In order to under- stand them fully, let us for a moment scrutinize them. We had never expected to have more than one member on each jury of award that was to pass upon work done wholly or in part by women. The first resolution allows us to name half the members of each of such juries, and though this was subse- quently altered, its final form is none the less liberal to us. The second resolution gives us full control over the Woman's Building. The extent of this concession can, perhaps, be better realized when I state that this is the only Building over which the Commission has given up its jurisdiction. This resolution also shows that, notwithstanding the determination of the Com- mission to forbid absolutely the separation into different buildings of exhibits which, by their classification, should be shown together, they have yielded this point to us, in allowing us to have whatever we pleased in our Building, giving us liberty, if we choose, to duplicate exhibits shown in other buildings a privilege which has been denied to every State and to foreign countries. The third resolution contains the greatest grant of power, and far surpasses our most sanguine expectations. Every clause Minutes of Second Session. 163 that could be thought of to convey full and complete authority to our Board, or to prevent misunderstanding or evasion of it by others, was employed to give us jurisdiction over all the interests of women at the Fair. The fourth resolution enumerates and assigns to the President the duties usually incident to the office. These are, general direction and supervision of the affairs of the Board, subject to the constituted authorities. The latter part of the resolution enumerates and assigns to the President duties that are always incident to that office, but which are not explicitly stated, though naturally implied in our own By-Laws, such as the direction of the correspondence. The only change made was in assigning the auditing of the accounts to the President, which, under our By-Laws, was to be done by the Secretary. The attention of the Board of Control was doubtless called to this matter by the fact that important documents requiring their action were sent to them from our office by the Secretary without the knowledge or approval of the President of this Board. These documents contained, among other things, requests that certain individuals, appointed by the Secretary, be confirmed as clerks in our office, and that their salaries be fixed, thus ignoring our By-Laws, which had provided for the arrangement of these details within our own body. The accounts from our office were also audited for pay- ment by the Secretary. That this was considered an unnatural and undesirable state of affairs, is indicated by the action of the Board of Control, in referring these documents to the President for her sanction before acting upon them. The Board, as has been stated, expressed its disapproval by prescribing that the President should thereafter direct the correspondence, audit the bills, etc. The next resolution was evidently intended to permit the Executive Committee, in case the full Board was not allowed to meet, to so alter our By-Laws as to incorporate the slight change prescribed by the Board of Control. Our members can easily see the difficulties that might have arisen in case our Board had not been allowed by Congress to meet this year, and our By-Laws had been at variance during a long period, with the duties prescribed by the Commission. Awkward complica- tions might have arisen, and your officers might have been put in a serious dilemma. 164 Board of Lady Managers. In this resolution we can see, again, the thoughtfulness of the Commission, and its kindly feeling for this Board when it provides that, in case Congress refuses, at any time, to make appropriation for our meeting, our powers need not lapse, nor need we remain in a state of forced inactivity, but that our Board may still live, doing its work in the various States, and temporarily maintaining its identity and integrity through such a representative committee as we could afford to bring together however small, and so be enabled to continue our work for the Exposition of 1893. That Congress did not approve of our meeting, was shown by the fact that when an itemized estimate of our expenses was submitted for the present fiscal year, amounting to $52,000, in which was included an item of $15,000 for a meeting, the latter item was stricken out in toto, and the others allowed to remain. The only reason we are enabled to meet now is, that when the bill was passed the itemized estimate was not adopted, and we were given $36,000 without conditions. Thus upon the face of the bill there appeared no reason why we could not use part of the $36,000 for a meeting, in case we esteemed it the most profitable way of spending the money. Of course, as long as we can secure suitable appropriations, there is no question as to our meeting, and with the good record which we have made, and which I am sure we will maintain, our future meetings will probably not be denied us; but the provision of the Commission for a possible emergency is none the less thoughtful. The fixing of the salary of your President was a courtesy. The salary of the Secretary was increased to $3,000, the increase to date from the first of the next month. This gen- erosity toward the officers of the Board will, I am sure, be appreciated by all the ladies, although I thought it best to decline the salary assigned me, except such a portion as would pay a private Secretary. I felt that it was a pleasure to do the work without any salary, and as the amount would necessarily have been deducted from the $36,000 which was assigned to us by Congress, I was glad to have this opportunity of practicing an economy of our resources. When the resolutions of the Board of Control were reported Minutes of Second Session. 165 to the Commission, one of the Commissioners came in to talk with me about the clause referring to women on juries. The Board of Control had said, as we have seen, that we could name one-half of all the members of each jury that was to award prizes for work which was, in whole or in part, the product of female labor. He thought this was extreme, and suggested that the Committee could not have realized that, though women's work enters into almost all manufactured articles, its proportion in some articles is very small. The Commissioner was courteous enough to say that they would make no change without our consent, but he wanted us to understand all the bearings of the matter. He cited carriage-making as an instance. In this, women perhaps do nothing but sew the curtains, and it is probable that no woman understands all the points of carriage- making sufficiently well to be a member of a jury of award. He thought it would be manifestly absurd to make one-half of such a jury consist of women, simply because they sewed the curtains of carriages. Furthermore, such action would be likely to prejudice possible foreign exhibitors. One of the first questions asked would probably be as to how the juries were to be con- stituted. If told they were to be one-half women, it might prevent foreigners sending exhibits. They would think, whether truly or not, that women would not be intelligent judges in departments where their work is insignificant. We finally agreed that the most fair and just arrangement would be to so change the clause that women should have representation on each jury in proportion to the amount of work done by them on articles to be judged. We should then have the whole jury in departments where women's work alone is shown, and elsewhere such a pro- portion as we could show we were entitled to. This seemed so fair that I could make no objection, and I trust it will so appear to the Board. We further discussed how the clause should be framed, in case we could not find women competent to act on the juries in some departments of the classification, whether we should then appoint men, or leave the places vacant. This is a point for our Board to decide. The only other changes made by the Commission in the rules 166 Board of Lady Managers. passed by the Board of Control were, first to strike out the words, "on the grounds," in one clause, because where that phrase occurred it might possibly cause a conflict of authority with- one of the committees of the Commission; and, second, to change the date for the beginning of the salaries previously fixed for the President and Secretary. These, then, are the resolutions which were ratified by the Commission, its Executive Committee, and its Judiciary Commit- tee, and of which so much has been said. Through them we recognize in the Commission our greatest friend and ally, to whom we owe our large and representative membership, as well as a scope of duties that will tax our powers to the utmost, if we carry out all their magnificent possibilities. After reading these full concessions of power to us, one is surprised and indignant that the Commission, or the Board of Control, should be considered our enemies, and that these very resolutions should have been quoted as showing that they wished to destroy the Board of Lady Managers. The appropriation bill, which gave $36,000 to our Board, was unfortunately not phrased as our friends intended. Instead of reading, " of which sum $36,000 shall be for the use of the Board of Lady Managers," the words were, "the sum of $36,000 to be used for the Board of Lady Managers." This makes a great difference in the construction, and renders it necessary for us to continue to submit, during the present fiscal year, all of our expenditures for the approval of the Commission. Our friends who framed this clause did not mean it to read in this way, and I do not know how the error crept in. The intention was to give us, as nearly as possible, absolute financial independence. The report made by me in April to the Executive Committee was intentionally very full, and was printed and sent to all our members, so that they might know the details of the work being done at headquarters. I need not, therefore, recapitulate, but will go on from that point. As you may know, Miss Hayden, the successful competitor for the plan of the Woman's Building, was called to Chicago about April first, by a telegram from Mr. Burnham, the Chief of Construction, and commenced her work upon the plans for the Minutes of Second Session. 167 Woman's Building. Finding that a few more committee rooms would probably be necessary, in addition to those we already had, it was proposed that we add a third floor, and introduce the novel feature of a roof garden (there being none on any other of the Exposition buildings), and that the central portion of this be inclosed, forming several committee rooms in each wing. Miss Hayden showed such remarkable talent, facility, and originality of thought in carrying out these changes, that she won the highest praise from Mr. Richard Hunt, President of the Society of American Architects, Mr. Burnham, Chief of Con- struction, and all the other architects who were cognizant of what she was doing. The Chief of Construction had greatly feared that we might chance to have an architect who had been gifted enough to make a good design, but who knew nothing of construction, and would not be able to carry out the working drawings, or to make such modifications in our plan as might be suggested. Miss Hayden's ability in these directions was, therefore, noted with the greatest pleasure, especially as she was very young and inexperienced, having been graduated only a few months before, and having not yet entered upon the practice of her profession. When her plans were finished, Mr. Burnham tried to induce her to remain in this city and open an office, assuring her that she could soon be at the head of a lucrative business; but for personal reasons she felt obliged to return to Cambridge. I should recommend that some action be taken by this Board, looking to the preparation of a testimonial to Miss Hayden, which will be of a permanent character, and one that she may always feel pride in showing as a souvenir of the very important work she has done in connection with the Exposition, and of the fact that she is the first woman to whom has been intrusted so important a commission in architecture, that it marks an era in woman's progress. As a Board, we should feel very proud of the result, for we had voluntarily relinquished the opportunity to have our building planned by Richard Hunt, that we might show our confidence in the ability of our own sex in this new field of work. The 168 Board of Lady Managers. result has been so gratifying that some token of appreciation on our part would seem to be appropriate. Through the courtesy of the Directors, we have recently been given permission to invite competition by women for the statuary upon the exterior of our building. Circulars stating the details of the competition are now ready. We are to have eight figures above the roof line, and a relief composition in the main ped- iments. The space to be filled by the latter is forty-two feet long, and about seven feet high in the center, and will afford ample room for a beautiful symbolic design. The circulars will be handed you, to be sent at once to artists, the limit of time for the execution of the study models being short. In this con- nection I may also mention the fact that the decorator who has the contract for the relief work on our building has, at our request, been kind enough to allow a gifted young girl of twenty- two years to make the models for the caryatides, supporting the cornice of the roof garden. She takes the place of a man who had already commenced the work, and is now enthusiastically engaged in doing this modeling at Jackson Park. Thus the entire exterior of the Woman's Building, with all its artistic features, will be the result of the inspiration of woman's genius. There are two beautiful surfaces for mural paintings at the ends of our main gallery. These we hope to have decorated by women who have had sufficient experience to warrant their being intrusted with so important a work. I take this occasion to state, also, that there are beautiful positions in the Woman's Building for utilizing work that may be intended as exhibits; for instance, if the different schools of wood-carving in the country would furnish the balustrades for our staircases, it would give them an opportunity to show origin- ality of design and beauty of execution, in a very practical way. If each school only furnished a certain section of the balustrade, the expense need not be great. There will also be places for open- carved screens in the partitions on the staircases. These could be made of hammered and perforated brass, or of iron or carved wood, or even modeled in plaster and tinted to imitate wood, in case the expense of carved wood seemed too great. There will also be an opportunity for the decorators in the different States Minutes of Second Session. 169 to exhibit their wall-hangings, tapestries, etc., by furnishing the hangings for certain rooms which may be assigned them. We beg our members to investigate, in their various States, the pos- sibilities in these directions, and to inform us, at an early day, what their women decorators, wood-carvers, etc., are willing to do for the Woman's Building, so that we may plan to have their work incorporated in an artistic and satisfactory manner. The stimulus which our building has already given to women artists, decorators, and artisans, is most surprising. The general interest which it has created has been of great benefit, by calling attention to the work which is being done by our sex in many new directions. Designs have recently been asked from women for a seal for our Board. These are now ready to be submitted for your in- spection. It has been commented upon, in some quarters, that the Standing Committees under the classification we adopted, have not yet been appointed. Though this criticism is not strictly true, since in February I devoted some three or four days to the work of making up the committees still it is a fact that they have not been announced. I must ask your indulgence for this seeming omission, and I hope that when you hear my reasons you will agree with me that it was, perhaps, wiser to withhold the announce- ment until after this meeting. We adopted the classification of the Commission hastily, with- out reflecting that, though eminently suited to men, many of its heads would be undesirable for women. In looking it over after- wards, with a view to making up the committees, this fact im- pressed me very strongly. I thought that the exhibition of women's work must necessarily be very meagre in the departments of Fish and Fisheries, Mines and Mining, Transportation, Elec- tricity, etc., and that, consequently, any ladies who were made members of committees under those heads would be much dis- satisfied. This view was proved, in the main, to be correct, by the answers to the circular letter, in which the ladies were asked to state their preferences. There was not a single application for membership in the Committee on Transportation, or in the Committee on Mining, though I was very much pleased that one 170 Board of Lady Managers. lady expressed a preference for Fisheries, and one for Electricity, since it showed a wider range of tastes in our body than I had anticipated. On the other hand, nearly all limited their choice to the same three or four committees, thus showing that, broadly speaking, only that small number of the departments afforded congenial work for women. In addition to the above facts, it seemed that many of the sub-heads or groups in the departments, as classified by the men, were important enough to us, to be made departments by them- selves. For instance, the Department of Liberal Arts is com- prehensive enough and will furnish work enough to warrant its division into two or three departments. The same is true of several of the others. Philanthropy, decorative art, music, patents, education, and several other subjects are each so important and represent so large an amount of woman's work, that they will overtax the committees to which they may be assigned. If the committees, consisting of eight members each, had been announced in accordance with the present classification, then, as is indicated by the replies to my circular, only twenty-four ladies of this whole body would have been satisfied, and they would have been satisfied merely to the extent of being placed upon one of the three committees they had asked for. All of the remainder would have been given uncongenial tasks. You will see, then, that my sole reason for withholding the announcement was my desire to meet the wishes of the ladies, which the present classi- fication made it impossible for me to do; and I wish to emphasize the fact that if the committees are announced as they have been formed, it will be absolutely impossible to avoid the result that almost all of the ladies will find themselves on committees which will be distasteful to them, and where there will be little or no work to be done. There seemed to be no reason of practical necessity for announcing the committees immediately, as it would have been impossible for them to meet. As I said, I have already formed the committees; my omission was merely in announcing them; so if the Board wishes to retain its present classification, I can immediately give them out; otherwise, one of the tasks we have Minutes of Second Session. 171 before us is a re-arrangement of the classification, which I should decidedly recommend. The refusal, in March, of the Board of Control and the Com- mission, to call a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, made it necessary for me to announce and call together the Executive Committee, as many important matters had to be considered, among them, the plans of the Woman's Building, which had to be approved before the contracts could be let. The session of this committee, and the change in one of the officers of your Board, are too well known to require comment at this time. In deference to the implied preference, as indicated by the vote at the November meeting, Mrs. Cooke was made Secretary pro tern., until such time as the Board should meet and elect a Secretary. Owing to the very hurtful newspaper agitation which was kept up to the great- injury of the fair fame of our Board (and in which I hope I need not assure you the Executive Committee and I took no part), we were greatly pleased that Miss Couzins decided to take her case before a competent and final tribunal where it could be decided on its merits. Her action, therefore, in bringing suit against the Board of Control, and making your President and Secretary pro tem. parties to it, was not disagree- able to us. We were, fortunately, not burdened with this case in any way, as the principal defendant, the Board of Control, in defending itself, defended us also. It took entire charge of the suit, employed a lawyer, appointed a sub-committee, consisting of Judges Lindsey and Massey, and Colonel St. Clair, to give him such information and documents as were required, and left the case in his hands. The only instruction which we gave the counsel, and which was coincided in by the Board of Control, was that we wished no technical objection interposed to prevent the introduction of even irrelevant matter. For the satisfaction of our own members, we courted the fullest investigation and discussion of all the points connected with the case, and wished nothing kept back. The Executive Committee, before taking its action with reference to Miss Couzins, had felt fully the responsibility of the situation that confronted it, and did not act without the very best advice and counsel and we are glad to 12 172 Board of Lady Managers. state that its action has been sustained by the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois, and by the Attorney-General of the United States. Any doubt as to the legality of the action, that may have been created in the minds of any of the members of the Board, may, therefore, safely be dismissed. It seemed an unfortunate time, when our first and only unpleasantness was being commented on in the press, to go to Springfield, the capital of Illinois, and ask for an appropriation for the work of women in this State, and that our Illinois mem- bers be included in the State Board. I am glad to be able to report that we were most successful, having not only secured recognition, but the magnificent sum of $80,000 for this work in our State. We thought it best not to make strong appeals to the public at this juncture, as we had intended, or to begin new work for our Board. I therefore carried out the plan which I had almost relinquished, of going abroad for a short trip, and sailed from New York on the i8th of May. During my absence the office was left in charge of the Secre- tary pro tern., as had previously been the case when I left the city. Mrs. Starkweather continued to receive all visitors, listen to their requests, answer questions, keep the scrap-books, etc., as she had been doing ever since last January, and as she still continues to do. The journal from the office was sent me weekly, reciting everything that occurred, in detail, so that I was really in charge of the office and directing its business, while absent. I considered the question of calling one of our Vice-Presi- dents to take my place during my absence, but as our By-Laws did not seem to instruct me to do so, I gave up the idea. I knew that the Commission was having some difficulty in provid- ing money to pay current expenses, and that it undoubtedly would not be in a mood to authorize an unusual expenditure for us, and I thought we could scarcely ask one of our Vice-Presi- dents to leave her home and remain in Chicago at her own expense, especially as there was nothing of sufficient importance to be done to make such a step necessary. Minutes of Second Session. 173 When I spoke to Mr. Elaine, last winter, about the possibility of having committees formed abroad, to co-operate with us, our thought at the time was, that each American minister should name such a committee, in the country to which he was accredited. This original idea developed, however, into the much stronger one of inviting the foreign governments to appoint these com- mittees for us, which would not only cause them to be provided with money to work with, but would give the committees official standing, and would consequently help the position of women in each country where our invitation was accepted. In view of this change of plan, I was anxious to see Mr. Elaine before leaving, and ascertain if he were willing to make this proposition to the foreign governments. I had been assured our request would be complied with by every country which had signified its intention of participating in the Exposition. There could be no reason to refuse it, except the fact that it was unprecedented, and consequently that our State Department might hesitate to put itself in an attitude to receive a rebuff from conservative governments. I lamented extremely, therefore, Mr. Elaine's illness, which occurred just as I left Chicago. I was not able to see him in New York, nor was he well enough to give the neces- sary instructions, which I so greatly desired to have promptly forwarded from the State Department to our ministers. I had hoped that in each country I visited, by speaking to our minis- ters (who chanced to be personal friends), I might stimulate their interest in having strong committees formed to work with us, and this was the utmost I had hoped to do. When I reached England, however, Minister Lincoln made some opportunities for me to see persons of influence in such a way that I could talk with them about the interests I have so much at heart, and I was only too glad to avail myself of his kindness. I found the utmost cordiality and kind feeling; but as the Royal Commission which will appoint our Committee was not to meet until September, nothing could be done at that time. We were forced, patiently, to await its action. I feel assured, however, that the strength of the names which we present will insure their kindly reception. We had congratulated ourselves that our government was the 174 Board of Lady Managers. first to give women important functions in a public and official capacity, but on reaching France, I found that we had formed a hasty and erroneous conclusion, for the French government had created a committee of women, in connection with the Paris Exposition of 1889, to organize and carry on a "Congress of Feminine Works and Institutions." This Congress was 'partici- pated in by all countries desiring to do so, the expenses being paid by the French government. I found that the women com- posing the Congress had been entertained, as government officials, by M. Guyot and other Ministers, and that they had basked in the full sunshine of official power. So far as I could learn, the only representative from America was Mrs. May Wright Sewall, from Indianapolis, than whom I am sure we could have had none better. The French government stipulated that the Congress, although composed entirely of women, should be presided over by a man, M. Jules Simon, and that the programmes be sub- mitted for his approval before plans were definitely settled. They did not have sufficient confidence in our sex to leave it altogether in their hands. The women appointed at that time were chosen because of their connection with important organi- zations of women in France, and they were the first to hear of and become interested in the work of women in connection with our Exposition, and to realize the opportunity that we could give them to perform another important public function. They will undoubtedly form the nucleus of the committee to be appointed very soon in France. In 1889 the Catholics, being largely of the monarchical party, refused to participate in the Congress, not wishing, naturally, to celebrate the creation of the Republic. It is the intention to draw into the new committees to be formed all political parties and all shades of religious creed, so that their work may represent the united action of the women of France, and also that there may be no opposition in the Chamber of Deputies when the vote is taken on the Budget. I found that we were confronted with much the same problems abroad that we had encountered at home. I was presented to M. Guyot, French Minister of Public Works, who is a great Minutes of Second Session. 175 champion of women, and had a long talk with him about the possibility of the appointment of a committee of women in France to cooperate with our Board. He suggested so many obstacles that stood in our way, that I felt quite discouraged. The principal one was, the essential inconsistency of asking for a committee to care for the representation of women's work, when they are not debarred in any way from making an exhibit in the general classification, and all manufacturers and industrial exhibitors would naturally send everything they produce, which would prove attractive, whether made by men or women. M. Guyot seemed to feel that this inconsistency would be suggested at once by members of the Cabinet. The necessity became apparent, also, that the women's committee be subordinate to the men's, so that there should be no clashing of authority, or question about the expenditure of money. I should like to describe, as they deserve, many of the grand women with whom I became acquainted. I must commend to you particularly Mme. de Horsier, and Mme. Bogelot, whom you must know and greet as old friends when they come to us in 1893. They were the first to learn of my being in Paris, and it was they who arranged for the visit of the ladies and gentle- men who met in my parlor on Wednesday, July ist. The representative character of this meeting may be inferred from the following partial list of those present: Mme. de Horsier, President, and Mme. Bogelot, Directress- General of the Work for the Women Liberated from the Prison of St. Lazare. Mme. and Hlle. Yves Guyot wife and daughter of the Minister of Public Works. Mme. Koechlin Schwartz, President of the Union of the Women of France (Aid for the Injured). Mme. Jules Siegfried, member of all the Protestant Charities. Mme. Maria Martin, Editress of the journal " La Citoyenne." Mme. Le Grand Priestley, of the Society for the Elevation of Public Morality. Mme. Laurie David, Vice-President of the Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of Women. Mme. d' Abbadie, of the Protestant Society of Prisons. 176 Board of Lady Managers. Mme. Henry Mallet, of the Protestant Society of Prisons. Mme. Soutzo, of the Society of Charities in Greece. Mme. Helbrommer-Alcau, of the Society of Jewish Charities. M. Jules Simon, of the French Academy. M. Jules Siegfried, of the Chamber of Deputies. M. Frank Puaux, Editor of the Christian Review. And many others. Among the Americans present there were, of our own Board, Mrs. Russell Harrison, Vice-President-at-Large; Mrs. John A. Logan, of Washington; Miss Lillian Brown, of Missouri, and Miss Sarah T. Hallowell, alternate. Besides these there were, Mrs. McKee, Mr. and Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr., Mr. Sewall, and Mrs. May Wright Sewall, of the Indiana State Board, and, not least of all, an old friend, Mr. Theodore Stanton (son of Elizabeth Cady Stanton), who had presented me to Madame de Morsier, and who was, during my stay in Paris, my constant adviser. I wish to add that he has been able to do valuable work for our Exposi- tion in many directions, as he is so well and favorably known in Paris. At this first meeting we had a serious discussion of all the possibilities, and many practical details were touched upon. It was decided that a provisional committee be appointed, which should make a careful study of the names suitable to be pre- sented to the government in September for appointment upon the committee to be formed. M. Jules Simon and M. Siegfried allowed their names to be added to the provisional committee to act as intermediaries between the ladies and the government. Many difficult questions were asked, which had already come up in connection with our work at home, such as the following: If the women supervise the industrial exhibit from the women of France, will they have to act as jurors for the immense mass of material that may be submitted to them ? This they said would occupy them from now until the time of the Exposition. How could they avoid the personal enmities that might result from such discrimination ? The difficulties seemed so great that, at the first conference, the women were decidedly of the opinion that they would better confine themselves to a showing of the benevolent and charitable works, instead of undertaking any- Minutes of Second Session. 177 thing more complicated, and leave the industrial exhibit to manufacturers, artists, and those interested. Their work would then simply be an enlargement of the Congress they had in 1889 a practical illustration being given of what was then dis- cussed. There were three methods by which they suggested showing their charities. First, by statistics and descriptions; second, by plans with various devices for indicating the number and success of the several institutions; and, third, by models in relief. The idea of the miniature relief models seemed to be most acceptable to them, particularly as they knew that France excelled in deli- cate and dainty work of this kind, and that, consequently, their exhibit would compare very favorably with that of any other country. I saw, while in Paris, many of the maps and plans such as they suggested sending to us. One showed the number of night refuges for women and girls in the city of Paris. A map of Paris about three feet square was placed on the wall, and every one of these refuges was indicated by a large brass nail-head. The map was thoroughly dotted over 'with them. Another map showed the number of Medical Dispensaries and Hospitals, where instantaneous relief could be found, and the nail-heads were scattered almost as profusely over this map as over the first. This is a very striking way of showing the amount of good that is being done by such societies as have not a large building or institution that would be well represented in a relief model. The relief models will be miniature buildings, very much like those now to be seen in our city, showing the proposed World's Fair Buildings. They can be made by any good architect, at a cost of from one hundred dollars upward, depending upon the finish and detail. The French women thought it would be very interesting to have the relief models sent from every country in the world, having them all made to the same scale, and by a compari- son of their number and size, one could quickly judge of the amount of charitable and benevolent work being done by women in their respective countries all over the world. When we met the second time, the question of the personnel of the committees had come up. It was suggested that there 178 Board of Lady Managers. would better be a number of committees formed, each of conge- nial elements, to care for the various interests to be represented, whose chairmen would form a central committee, which would have the general government of the women's exhibit, to be sent from France. Many committees, therefore, being considered better than one, they asked me how many we had, and deter- mined to follow our classification and create committees that would correspond with ours. They learned that to do this would necessitate an entire change of plan, for it involved the organi- zation of an industrial exhibit. That they were willing to do this pleased me greatly, as I had been trying to convince them of the importance of this part of the work, and the great stress we are laying upon it in our country. We might, however, have longed vainly for the patronage of the Government, had it not been for the interest and active assistance of the other sex. I had fortunately met at a breakfast, M. Proust, former Minister of Fine Arts, who had been appointed French Fine Art Director for the Chicago Exposition. He is a very influential member of the Chamber of Deputies, and it was his pleasure to feel great interest in all relating to our Exposi- tion. Although not interested especially in women, he was good enough to propose to present me to M. Roche, the Ministei of Commerce, in whose department the work of the Exposition would come. The next morning, accordingly, with M. Siegfried and Mrs. Logan, whom I had invited to accompany me (Mrs. Harrison had a previous engagement and could not go), I went, by appointment, to the palace of the Minister of Commerce, where we were introduced by M. Proust. Upon my asking, officially, that a committee of women be appointed to cooperate with the Board of Lady Managers, and explaining our plans, M. Roche replied most cordially, and at once promised not only his hearty support, but that of the government for our committee, though he could not pledge himself as to money. The following day the matter came up officially before the committee which was planning for the French exhibit at Chicago, and M. Proust's proposition that a committee of women, to be named later, should be appointed to cooperate with the Board Minutes of Second Session. 179 of Lady Managers, and the sum of 300,000 francs set apart for them was accepted by a formal vote, though the sum to be given them will have to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies later. You may imagine that I was intensely gratified by this result, brought about in less than ten days. Since my return home I have had letters from Minister Roche and M. Proust, sending me some documents which I had re- quested, and assuring me that they were caring for our interests. My experience in France taught me that we were much stronger to work without the aid of our State Department than with it. Of course, our ministers are hesitant to put themselves in an attitude where they may receive a negative reply, and the Board of Lady Managers would feel keenly any official refusal, by a government, to co-operate with us. Working, as I did, through the people of the country, and making the direct appeal with and through them, the matter was only semi-official, and we were, at the same time, much more strongly fortified. I was very proud to be able to take with me to the Ministry the plans which Miss Hayden had forwarded me, and to show the beautiful building which has been given us, and how we pro- posed to fill it. The fact that a young woman of twenty-one was capable of planning our building, and making the working drawings, was considered most astonishing, as well as indicative of the advancement of American women. I must say, in pass- ing, that our building has been a greater help to us than any other one feature with every person to whom I have talked, whether in Congress, the State Legislature, at home, or abroad. That it had been given us showed that we were taken seriously, and considered an important factor in the Exposition, and it pro- duced the deepest impression whenever it was mentioned. The French Committees will probably be named during Sep- tember, and the ladies who are interested were most anxious to have our exact classification at once, so they could form their committees properly and see that no desirable person was omitted from the list. I have been much embarrassed by not being sure of our classification, and told them I thought it probable that it would be changed at this session of our Board. They are, as I have said, particularly desirous that philanthropy be one of our 180 Board of Lady Managers. departments, as this represents the most beautiful and useful work that women are doing in the world, and will make one of the most novel and interesting exhibits we shall have. As soon as our classification can be considered, therefore, and decided upon, it must immediately be put in print and sent to the ladies who are so anxiously awaiting it. In Austria, as the government had not yet accepted the formal invitation to participate in the Exposition, little could be done. Through the kindness of Minister and Mrs. Grant, I was put in communication with many influential ladies who will them- selves organize and work with us, in case the government does not respond favorably. We are assured, however, that it will do so early next season, and in the meantime are forced to wait. I am also in correspondence with ladies in many of the other countries, who will be ready to act with and for us as soon as, the proper moment arrives. It may interest our members to know that I found, as might have been expected, the persons highest in authority the most conservative. Princess Christian, and later Mme. Carnot, were opposed to any extreme views about women, deprecated their trying to enter the learned professions, and to take the highest honors at the colleges, as they thought it led to nothing ; they disapproved, consequently, of the suffrage movement, but were extremely interested in all plans to educate women so that they might gain better wages in the employments usual to their sex, and especially in all that tended to make good wives and moth- ers, and happy homes. Princess Christian has, for years, been at the head of many of the most important industrial movements in England, such as the South Kensington School of Art Needlework, and has recently assisted at the opening of a college of which she is the patroness, and of which she spoke with great interest. In this college, women are taught, besides all of the indus- trial arts, such as carving, modeling, etc., household economy, cooking, and sewing. The Princess was greatly pleased with our plans, from the standpoint of the showing to be made for industrial women ; and, before I left, proposed forming a com- mittee to.aid us. Minutes of Second Session. 181 As the committee could not be appointed, however, until September, I contented myself with the understanding that she would act as Chairman of the Committee, whenever and however formed. On the other hand, those women who advocate equal political rights for our sex, were as strongly drawn to our work, for they saw that the government endorsement, in connection with the work we are proposing to do, would carry our sex another step forward in the gradual advance they are making; and conse- quently, Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch, Mrs. Jacob Bright, Mrs. Charles MacLaren and many other noble women, and strong suffragists, were eager to help us; so also, Lady Henry Somerset, a very able and charming woman, who leads the temperance work in England, and to whom I bore a letter from my honored friend, Miss Frances E. Willard. Lady Wolverton, who organized the Needlework Guild, of which I hope I may have a moment to tell you before we disband, and Lady Aberdeen, who has developed the cottage industries of Ireland and of Scotland, wished to in- troduce their work into our country, and found that we could also help their plans. So, abroad as at home, all the elements that are contributing to carry forward the cause of women, no matter whether they are seeking to attain equal political rights, or equal educational or industrial advantages, are blending into a strong and beautiful union, to aid us in the work we are trying to do. I must forewarn you that we American women will find it difficult to come up to the expectation formed of us abroad. We are considered very advanced, especially in the matter of or- ganization, and in having the courage to plan and execute on a grand scale. Among English women, and European women generally, the great complaint seemed everywhere to be, the lack of organiza- tion and cohesion; there each woman carries on her own work by the impulse she individually gives it, and when she dies, or drops out, the work falls to pieces. She is not helped nor supported by other women. I was, however, very much impressed with the number of charities inaugurated and carried on by European women, and 182 Board of Lady Managers. felt that, especially in the direction of household economics (which has been perfected to a science in most of the countries of Europe), we have everything to learn. The comparison of methods and results at the coming Exposition can not fail to be of advantage to all. The reports as they came from the different States during the winter, showed that our members were doing valiant service in the very discouraging preliminary work of seeking to have women appointed on the Boards of their respective States, and of procuring the needed appropriations. We have been proud to learn that the legislatures in many States have had the Expo- sition first brought to their attention, for official action, by the members of our Board, and that much of the enthusiasm aroused, both in legislatures and in conventions, held in the interest of the Fair, has been created by our members and their friends, whose appeals to State pride were energetic, well timed, and eminently successful. The proper adjustment of the relations between our own and the State Boards is a topic that will require delicate handling. With these Boards we must at once put ourselves in communi- cation, and establish the most cordial feeling, or the great work that we are attempting will fail. Up to this time, of course, a great deal of the work of our Board has been necessarily car- ried on at headquarters, such as securing the appropriation for the Woman's Building, and the privilege of having it designed by a woman, inviting competition, deciding upon plans, making suggestions relative to procuring State and National appropria- tions, etc. But this is all now arranged, and as soon as the work is thoroughly organized in the various States, the center of activity will be transferred to them, and the central office will become more of a bureau of statistics and records. / can not too strongly urge upon you that the success of the Exposition, so far as women's exhibits are concerned, will de- pend entirely upon the realization by our members of the fact that the State work is the all-important and essential factor. We must depend upon State Boards for all statistics as to women's work. They should ascertain what exhibits the women Minutes of Second Session. 183 of their States will make in each department of the classification, and should report, from time to time, to the Chairman of our Standing Committee in each department in regard to such ex- hibits from their States ; and these, in turn, should report to the central office periodically probably monthly so that we may apply to the Installation Committee for the needed space, in ample time to secure good positions. The State Boards must also suggest to us proper members for the juries of award, and notify us of exhibits of special merit for the gallery of the Woman's Building ; and, in fact, it is essential that there be harmony and mutual confidence on every point. In case women have not been appointed on the Board in any States, our representatives should, themselves, organize a Com- mittee in such States, to carry on the work as thoroughly as possible, with the hope that they may be given official standing by their legislatures before the opening of the Exposition, and that they may possibly be reimbursed such money as they have been forced to expend. It seems probable that, when the value of their work is made apparent, the State Boards, as at present constituted, will assign them such small sums as are necessary. If not, they will have to resort to the plans adopted by the women in preparing for the Centennial, and give entertainments, or courses of lectures, to raise money for their current expenses. It is most important that a prospectus should be prepared, stating fully the plans and policy of our Board, so that it may be sent, not only to each State, but to foreign countries. It should also be given wide publicity in the press. I recommend that a committee be appointed to prepare such a prospectus during this meeting, as it should be sent out immediately. We have letters constantly from women all over the country expressing their sympathy and putting their time and abilities at our disposal for any work we wish done. It seems very cold and repellent to be forced to refuse all this proffered help. Everyone should be allowed to contribute her quota of work to the great result which we hope to achieve, and we should not consider our organization complete until we have provided work for all willing hands. It would seem, therefore, that we should devise auxiliary work, not connected with the duties delegated 184 Board of Lady Managers. to us, either by Congress or the Commission, in which all such applicants could be employed. This would produce in them that vital interest and contagious enthusiasm which can only be felt by those who are doing active work in a worthy cause. In our country of fresh thought and ingenuity, we should not be content to show, at the Exposition, conventional repetitions of familiar articles. But we should have new and original exhibits, created especially for this occasion. This can be done, if our manufacturers are made to realize fully the great advantages the Exposition offers them, and they are moved by the proper feeling of emulation. It will, however, be difficult to stimulate women to use their best efforts to create new and original work, without bringing out a vast mass of duplications, and a great deal that is inartistic. This will be a very serious problem for us to deal with. It is the intention, as far as possible, to avoid endless repetitions, and the work of discrimination will be largely intrusted to the Chiefs of Departments. They will be made responsible for the interest and variety of the exhibits installed by them. But we can now foresee a vast army of disappointed women, whose work will be rejected, probably before it leaves its native State. This is the distressing feature in the case. Never- theless, it would seem proper and wise for the Board of Lady Managers to issue at once a strong appeal to industrial women all over the country, and also to manufacturers employing women, encouraging the former to do their best in the exercise of their ingenuity, skill, and taste, and asking the latter to see that every opportunity is given them for so doing. Feeling deeply the necessity of a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, in order thfat its policy might be outlined and its plans perfected, as soon as the Board of Control assembled after my return, I sent it a formal request to authorize the calling of a meeting. This authority was given, and I at once issued the call for a meeting on September zd. It would, of course, be impossible to fix upon a time of meeting which would suit the convenience of every member in so large a body as ours. In choosing this early date, I was influenced not only by the generally expressed opinion of our members, that we should meet as soon as possible, but also by the fact that members of Minutes of Second Session. 185 the Royal Commission of England, and the Executive Officer of the German Royal Commission, would be in Chicago about Sep- tember 1 2th, for the purpose of gathering general information as to the plan and scope of the Exposition. It seemed most important, therefore, that this Board should have its plans thoroughly denned, and be able to make a good showing, in order that the members of these Commissions may recognize the importance of our work, and be led to recommend to their respective organizations, which have the power to grant our requests, the appointment of committees of women to co-op- erate with the Board of Lady Managers. In addition to this, the French committee also will probably be named late in September, and they have been awaiting im- patiently, as I have stated, our exact classification, in order that their committees might b.e properly formed. I have felt some hesitation, also, in taking for granted, as I have, the wishes of our Board with reference to work abroad, and before asking formally for the appointment of these com- mittees (which I have already ventured to do in France), I should like to be sustained by a vote of the Board. It is needless to say that we have been laboring under great embarrassment in not being able to assert definitely and positively the policy of our Board, just what will be placed in the Woman's Building, etc. All of these things must now be determined by you. I must say again to our members what I feel to the bottom of my heart, that we, as women of America, have been given an opportunity such as has never before occurred. Aided by the general government, and by the government of the various States, with most generous cooperation from both the Commis- sion and the Directory, and with the anticipated cooperation of foreign governments, through committees of women, all of which means great power and influence sustaining us, and sufficient sums of money to work with, are we large enough for the oppor- tunity ? If we do not realize the almost solemn nature of the trust placed in our hands, we shall set back the clock of time half a century for women. If we live up to the possibili- ties, we shall open a new era for them. Are we great enough to join hands, and move forward like a band of sisters, 186 Board of Lady Managers. giving up our own individuality and throwing ourselves into this great movement ? Individuals are but insignificant atoms. It is the grand purpose which is everything. Can we forget ourselves, and our personal ambitions and littlenesses, and be worthy of the work we have been called to do ? Our deeds and our words during the next five days will form the die with which all our work for the next two years will be stamped. Will they be lofty and magnanimous, worthy of our sex and the occasion ? I feel that from such a body of women as this there is only one answer possible. MRS. HOOKER, Connecticut: "Friends, I think you will all join with me in saying that our first duty is to thank God for this magnificent report, and next, to thank Mrs. Palmer." Mrs. Carse called for a rising vote with a Chautauqua salute, which was unanimously acceded to. The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Barker, South Dakota: Resolved, That we, the Board of Lady Managers assembled in Chicago, accept with thanks the clear, able, and delightful address of our President, which, in a concise and intelligent man- ner, sets forth the aims of our work; gives a full r6sum6 of what has been done, and comprehensive plans for the work of the future, and that the recommendations and suggestions on the plan of work be tabulated and presented to the Board for con- sideration and adoption at the future sessions of the present meeting. Seconded by Mrs. Reed, Maryland. At the request of the Chair, Mrs. Barker put the motion on her resolution. Carried unanimously by a rising vote. Miss Ford, New York, at-large, offered the following resolu- tion: Resolved, That the President's address be ordered printed for distribution, and that the same be entered on our official minutes. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, and adopted. Minutes of Second Session. 187 At tne request of the Chair, Miss Ford put the motion on her resolution, which was carried unanimously. On motion of Mrs. Eagle, seconded by Mrs. Reed, the pages were invited to accompany the Board on their visit to the World's Fair Grounds, September 2, 1891. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, moved that the President be publicly thanked for the hard work she had done for the Board during the past summer. Seconded by Mrs. Logan. The motion was put by Mrs. Fel- ton and carried unanimously by a rising vote. The Board adjourned until 10 A. M., Thursday, September 3, l8 9* 13 188 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session Second Day, Thursday, September 3, 1891. The Board convened pursuant to adjournment at IDA. M.,. Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Prayer by Mrs. Carse, of Chicago. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal ; Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood ; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley ; New York, Miss Ford ; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate ; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton ; Cali- fornia, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane ; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley ; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker ; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate ; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck ; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead ; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan ; Illinois, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Gould, alternate ; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball, alternate ; Iowa, Mrs. Clarke, Miss Miller ; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback ; Kentucky, Miss Faulk- ner, Miss Payne ; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare ; Minutes of Second Session. 189 Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens ; Maryland, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson ; Massachusetts, Mrs. Frost, Miss Sears, alternate ; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell ; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate ; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone ; Missouri, Mrs. Moore, alternate ; Montana, Mrs. Rickards ; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy ; Nevada, Miss Rus- sell, Mrs. Foley, alternate ; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall ; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens ; New York, Mrs. Trautmann ; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price ; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell ; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence ; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton ; Penn- sylvania, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas ; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey ; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker ; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke, Mrs. Mason, alternate ; Texas, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Cochran ; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate ; Virginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul ; Washing- ton, Mrs. Owings, Mrs. Houghton ; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson ; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde ; Wyoming^ Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell ; New Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett ; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles ; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Mrs. Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Mulligan, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse ; Mrs. Shattuck, alternate; Mrs. Ten Eyck, alternate. The Journal of the preceding day was read and approved. 190 Board of Lady Managers. The following communication was presented and read : CHICAGO, ILL., September 3, 1891. MRS. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Commission : DEAR MRS. PALMER : I have the honor to hand you herewith copy of resolution just adopted by the World's Columbian Com- mission, inviting the Board of Lady Managers to be present this morning at 11.30 o'clock, when the Commission will hear the representatives of the various Sunday organizations in reference to closing the Exposition on Sunday. If the Board of Lady Managers should accept this invitation, I would respectfully request that you notify me at your earliest convenience, in order that I may arrange seats for the ladies. Owing to the crowded condition of the Council Chamber, seats will be arranged both on the floor of the Commission and on the first two rows in the gallery. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That we accept the very courteous invitation of the Honorable Board of Commissioners to visit them at 11.30, to listen to the arguments upon the Sunday closing of the Colum- bian Exposition. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and adopted. The following communication was also read: Mrs. J. H. McVicker presents her compliments to the Board of Lady Managers and would be pleased to entertain them on Friday evening, at McVicker's Theatre, to see Mr. Keene in his character of Louis XI. On motion of Mrs. Verdenal, seconded by Miss Shakspeare, the invitation was accepted. Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, stated that through the courtesy and generosity of Ex-Governor Pound, of Wisconsin, she had the Minutes of Second Session-. 191 pleasure of presenting the Board with a gift sanctified by Script- ure, "a cup of cold water." She then announced that in an adjoining room would be found a water-cooler made expressly for the ladies, and filled with water from the Chippewa Springs in the cool pine woods of Wisconsin, and which would be there during the present session of the Board. The following resolution was offered by Miss Ford, New York: Resolved, That we accept with thanks the gift of the cele- brated Chippewa Spring water, from Ex-Governor Pound, of Wisconsin. Seconded and adopted. The Chair announced the presence of Mrs. Lucy Stone, and asked unanimous consent to hear a few words from her. Mrs. Stone made a short and pleasing address, after which Mrs. Thatcher offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Board of Lady Managers return a vote of thanks to Mrs. Lucy Stone for giving us the privilege of hearing her kind and able address this morning, and for looking into the face of one so widely known and famed for her abilities. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, at-large, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the President and Secretary be, and they are hereby instructed to engage the services of a stenographer and such assistants to said stenographer as may be necessary to accurately take and transcribe the proceed) of this session of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded by Mrs. Reed, and adopted. The following communication was read: To MRS. POTTER PALMER, President, and to the Board of Lady Managers: MADAM AND LADIES: It would gratify the management of the Illustrated World's Fair to make and reproduce a large picture of your honorable body. 192 Board of Lady Managers. An extraordinary interest attaches to your official sessions. We would, therefore, like to show our recognition of their his- torical value. Our photographer awaits your kind consideration of this proposal, and the picture will be made to meet your views and tastes. With great respect, The Illustrated World's Fair, JEWELL N. HALLIGAN, General Manager. JOHN McGovERN, Editor. The following resolution was offered by Miss Payne: Resolved, That we accept this kind invitation, with thanks. Seconded by Miss Faulkner, Kentucky. Mrs. Reed moved to amend by adding, " if we can be taken as we sit here, without consuming valuable time." Seconded by Miss Busselle. Miss Payne accepted the amendment, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That, when in future, distinguished guests are presented to the Board of Lady Managers, they show them the same courtesy they would in their own homes, by rising from their seats to receive them. Seconded by Mrs. Thatcher, and adopted. Mrs. Stevens, Maine, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That if any errors appear in the report of the Secretary, the corrections shall be made at the close of the read- ing of the report, and besides being stated verbally, shall also be presented in writing to the Secretary. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and adopted. The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas: Resolved, That we meet at 10 o'clock A.M., adjourn at 12.30, meet at 3 P. M., and adjourn at 5.30. Seconded by Mrs. Meredith, and adopted. Minutes of Second Session. 193 On motion of Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, seconded by Miss Shakspeare, Louisiana, the Board adjourned to 3 o'clock p. M. The Board re-assembled at 3 P. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. On motion of Mrs. Meredith, seconded by Mrs. Lucas, it was agreed to dispense with the roll call at the afternoon sessions of the Board. The Chair called for the report of the Secretary, which was read as follows : SECRETARY'S REPORT. To the Members of the Board of Lady Managers: LADIES: In compliance with Article VIII. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers, which requires the Secretary to keep a full and accurate record of the proceedings, and make report from time to time, I have the honor to submit herewith the following statement of the work done in and through the office of the Secretary since April 15, 1891. The number of letters found in the Secretary's office pre- vious to this date is 108, all of which have been duly filed and classified. The total amount of Exposition mail aggregates 8,116 pieces, which may be classified as follows: Thirteen hundred reports on State work have been distributed through the various States and Territories. Eight hundred and thirty copies of Mrs. Palmer's address to the Fortnightly Club of Chicago, also 730 copies of her report to the Executive Committee, have been circulated both in this country and in Europe. Four hundred and sixty copies of a letter from the Executive Committee, 800 copies of the official statement of the Executive Committee, 1,908 circular letters, 582 replies to letters received, and 1,506 newspapers, pamphlets, and telegrams have been for- warded to members of the Board and others interested in the work. 194 Board of Lady Managers. Eight hundred and sixty-six letters have been received. Of this number, 205 are applications for space, entering exhibits, for various positions at the disposal of the Board, and for appointments in Mexico and other foreign countries. A system of filing letters has been established, which experi- ence has proved helpful and convenient in the dispatch of business. The minutes of the first session of the Board of Lady Managers, also those of the Executive Committee, have been recorded in books prepared for that purpose. They are open at all times for inspection by any member of the Board. The following is an itemized statement of expenditures since the beginning of the fiscal year, July i, 1891, and which have been duly approved by our President and submitted to the Board of Control: To July salaries $656 oo Rand, McNally & Co., printers 70 55 Stenographic work 35 oo Letter-heads and envelopes 27 50 Postage stamps 15 oo Gas i oo Supplies for September meeting 13 oo Total $8 1 8 05 Since the meeting of November, 1890, a number of changes have occurred in the personnel of the Board, and the Secretary of the Commission has furnished me with the following list as appointed by President Palmer: Mrs. J. Wilson Patterson, as one of the alternates from Mary- land, to succeed Mrs. Mary A. Birckhead, deceased. Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, as one of the Lady Managers from Minnesota, to succeed Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, resigned. Mrs. Philip B. Winston, as one of the alternates from Min- nesota, to succeed Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. A. M. Palmer, as one of the alternates from New York, to succeed Mrs. W. Bourke Cochran, resigned. Minutes of Second Session. 195 Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, as one of the Lady Managers from South Carolina, to succeed Mrs. Mary P. Darby, deceased. Miss Florida Cunningham, as one of the alternates from South Carolina, to succeed Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, appointed Lady Manager. Mrs. Chas. J. McClung, as one of the alternates from Ten- nessee, to succeed Mrs. Bessie Bowen McClung, resigned. Miss Lucia Perea, as one of the alternates from New Mexico. Mrs. A. K. Delaney, as one of the Lady Managers from Alaska. Miss Maxwell Stevenson, as one of the alternates from Alaska. Mrs. Eliza Rickard, as one of the Lady Managers from Montana, to succeed Mrs. Henry Knippenberg, resigned. Respectfully submitted, SUSAN G. COOKE, Secretary pro tern. Hoard of Lady Managers. CHICAGO, September 2, 1891. On motion of Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, seconded by Mrs. Ryan, Texas, the report was accepted. The Chair called for a report from the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Meredith, Vice-Chairman of the Committee, suggested that as the report was a lengthy one, it might be better to have it printed rather than read at the present meeting. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, moved that the report be read. Seconded by Mrs. Trautmann, New York, and carried. Mrs. Meredith then submitted the report of the Executive Committee, which was read and is in the following words and figures, to wit: To the Hoard of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission: LADIES: In obedience to Article V. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers, which requires the Executive Com- mittee to " report fully all their transactions to the Board at its 196 Board of Lady Managers. stated and special meetings," I have the honor to submit the following report for your information. This report embraces everything of sufficient importance to merit your consideration. The first meeting of the Committee was held at our head- quarters in the City of Chicago, April 8, 1891, pursuant to a call made by the President of the Board. The President made a full report of the affairs of the Board, a copy of which was ordered sent to each member of the Board. The following By-Laws were adopted for the government of the Executive Committee: BY-LAWS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. ARTICLE I. PoTvers of the Committee. The World's Columbian Commission, at a meeting held in April, 1891, authorized and empowered the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, or Sub-Committee of said Exec- utive Committee, to exercise any and all powers which said Board of Lady Managers might exercise in session, including the right and privilege of amending the By-Laws of said Board, should said Executive Committee or Sub-Committee at any time deem it necessary or advisable. ARTICLE II. Sub-Committee. There shall be a Sub-Committee of ten, of which the Chair- man of the Executive Committee shall be Chairman ex-officio, andwho shall appoint the remaining nine. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall preside. Five members shall constitute a quorum. ARTICLE III. Officers. The officers of the Executive Committee shall consist of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, and Secretary. The President of the Board of Lady Managers shall be ex-officio Chairman, and the Vice-Chairman and Secretary shall be elected by the Com- mittee. Minutes of Second Session. 197 ARTICLE IV. Duties of Officers. The Chairman shall preside over all the meetings of the Com- mittee, and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the Executive Committee, and generally perform such duties as devolve upon the presiding officers of deliberative bodies. She shall have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee or the Board of Lady Managers, and of the approval of the Commission and its Director-General; and all correspondence, clerical and working force, and expenditures of money, shall be approved by her, and she must have all accounts duly audited and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control for approval. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall perform the duties of the Chairman, and in the absence of both the Chair- man and the Vice-Chairman, the Committee may be called to order by the Secretary of the Executive Committee, and a Chair- man pro tern, elected by the Committee. The Secretary of the Executive Committee shall attend all meetings of the Committee, and shall keep a full and accurate record of the proceedings of the Committee, and preserve in an orderly way, all its papers and documents, and generally perform all the duties of Secretary, and conduct the correspondence of the Committee, subject to the supervision and direction of the Chairman, or in her absence the Vice-Chairman, and shall per- form any other duties which may be assigned to her by the Chairman. ARTICLE V. Committee. Meetings of the Committee shall be held upon the call of the Chairman, and reasonable notice of the time and place of each meeting shall be given to each member of the Committee. In absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall have power to convene the Committee. ARTICLE VI. Vacancies of Committee. In the event of the resignation or death of a member of the 198 Board of Lady Managers. Executive Committee, the Chairman shall fill the vacancy by appointing another member from the Board of Lady Managers. ARTICLE VII. Quorum. Ten members of the full Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a less number may adjourn from time to time pending the arrival of a quorum, when the Committee has been properly summoned. ARTICLE VIII. Order of Business. 1. Roll call. 2. Reading, correction, and approval of minutes. 3. Consideration of communications before the Committee. 4. Reports of officers of the Committee. 5. Reports of sub-committees, in order. 6. Reports of Standing Committees. 7. Unfinished business. 8. Motions, resolutions, and new business. All reports shall be made in writing, and all motions and resolutions, if the Chairman so direct, shall also be in writing. ARTICLE IX. These By-Laws may be amended, altered, or suspended by the recorded consent of not less than ten members of the Com- mittee, at any meeting of the Committee. In compliance with these rules, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke was elected Secretary of the Committee, and Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith was elected Vice-Chairman. The Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers was requested to make a report of the business done in her office since the meeting last November. The following resolutions were adopted : Resolved, That a committee be appointed to communicate congratulations and thanks to each architect who submitted designs for the Woman's Building of the Columbian Exposition; Minutes of Second Session. 199 the number of said committee to be at the pleasure of the President. JResolved, That the Chairman appoint a committee to confer with Miss Hayden in regard to her plans for the Woman's Building and to report to the Executive Committee. Miss Hayden presented her plan for the Woman's Building, and explained the drawings in a clear and explicit manner. Mrs. President Palmer gave a very interesting and detailed account of the location and adaptation of the building. A motion was carried that all decisions with reference to the Woman's Building be left entirely with Mrs. Potter Palmer. This last was adopted in view of the fact that changes in the plan might be necessary in order to make it conform to the necessities of construction and location, hence it was imperative that authority should be given to some one to act promptly, decisively and intelligently. The following Report was ordered sent to each member of the Board of Lady Managers: REPORT OF COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO DRAFT A LETTER TO BE SENT OUT TO EACH MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. To the Members of the Board of Lady Managers : Owing to the imperfection of the printed minutes of the November meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, there has arisen a question in the minds of some of the members of said Board concerning the legal formation of their Executive Com- mittee, now in session. Having been apprised of this difference of opinion, we, your Committee, in justice to each of you, and to our highly esteemed President, deem some explanation essential. After carefully considering the stenographic report, and com- paring it closely with the printed minutes of our meeting, and studying the minutes as a whole, we render as our opinion that Article V. of the By- Laws, which reads as follows: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. "There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty- five members, besides the President, each of whom shall be ap- 200 Board of Lady Managers. pointed by the President; each of the Standing Committees to be represented on the Executive Board. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Managers. Ten members shall constitute a quorum, and the Committee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such sub-committees as it may consider expedi- ent. This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employe's and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, the same shall be filled by appoint- ment of the President. In all cases where managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on the Committee," is a correct expression of the intention and action of the Board of Lady Managers. This action, being taken after the adoption of the report of the Committee on Permanent Organization, was evidently under- stood to be in harmony with that report, or it would not have been so unanimously adopted. Mrs. Ryan, of Texas, offered an amendment to Article IV. of the report of Committee on Permanent Organization, which read as follows: " That the committee of twenty-six shall be appointed by the President." That the amendment was adopted, and so declared by the President, is beyond question. It is to be regretted that the Article, as printed afterward in the minutes, does not read as amended. However, the evidence is conclusive that it was the purpose and action of the Board to leave the appointment of the Executive Committee entirely with the President of the Board of Lady Managers. We desire also to call your attention to Resolution 5 of the Board of Control, adopted by the Commission April 3d, which reads as follows: Fifth. That, owing to the evident intention of Congress to allow few meetings of the full Board of Lady Managers, the Executive Committee thereof, or a sub-committee of said Execu- tive Committee, is hereby authorized and empowered, in the. absence of the Board, to exercise any and all powers which said Board might exercise in session, including the right and privilege Minutes of Second Session. 201 of amending its By-Laws, should said Executive Committee or sub-committee at any time deem it necessary or advisable. Our thanks are due our President and the Finance Commit- tee, and we, as a Board, are to be congratulated on the success of their efforts in securing the passage of the Act of Congress which provides $36,000, distinctly set apart for the use of the Board of Lady Managers, which sum will be available after July ist. We regret that the entire sum of $52,000 asked for by our President in an itemized estimate of the expenses for the incom- ing fiscal year had stricken from it the item of $15,000 for the expense of a full meeting of the Board. Through the courtesy of the Commission, provision was made for this meeting of the Executive Committee, for which we feel indebted. We feel that the thanks of the entire Board are due our President for her persistent and untiring efforts to secure funds sufficient for a meeting of the full Board, as is made known to us by the many letters and telegrams now on file, received by her from the Secretary of the Treasury, the President of the Commission, and others. We urge each member of the Board to unite her earnest efforts with our own, and to use her influence both with the Commission and with the Treasury Department at Washington, to secure a full meeting of the Board of Lady Managers at some early date, and also to secure from Congress, when assembled, an additional special appropriation for the Board of Lady Managers. The Committee appointed to consider applications of ladies applying to go to South America in the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, presented the following report: Applications and recommendations have been received from Mrs. C. W. Romney, Mrs. Mary K. Wilmarth, for Mr. and Mrs. Crocker, Jean Matill, Madame Claudia Howell de Gonzales, Miss Carrie Angelica Hughes, Miss Anna W. Tell, Miss Marie B. Schiller, Miss Sophie B. Pennock, Mrs. L. C. Baxter, Mrs. C. H. Mohun, Miss Virginia W. Dodge, Miss Helen M. Lester and Miss Ellen M. Ford. 202 Board of Lady Managers. It is recommended that Miss Marie B. Schiller, of Pittsburg, Pa., be sent to Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Miss Ellen A. Ford, of Brooklyn, N. Y., to Chili, Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Miss Helen Lester, of Chicago, to Mexico and Central America. The following resolution was adopted: WHEREAS, Knowledge having come to the Executive Com- mittee of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Colum- bian Commission, that the Secretary of the Board has taken steps to have printed the alleged minutes of the November ses- sion of said Board, at the expense of some party or parties other than the Board of Lady Managers; therefore, be it Resolved, That the real and true minutes of the November session have not been approved by the proper authority, and any attempt to print and circulate incorrect minutes is, in our opinion, a grave breach of ordinary usage, and a serious viola- tion of the respect due to the Board of Lady Managers. The following was adopted: WHEREAS, Miss Phoebe Couzins, the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, was requested and notified to appear before the Executive Committee to answer complaints of misconduct and neglect of duty in connection with said office, which she has failed to do, and said Committee being satisfied that said com- plaints are well founded, and that the public business entrusted to said Committee and Board of Lady Managers, can not and will not be properly transacted while Miss Phoebe Couzins continues to hold said office, and that she will not discharge the duties of said office in proper cooperation with the President and other members of said Board; it is Resolved, By the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, that said Secretary, Miss Phoebe Couzins, be and she is hereby removed from said office. The following was adopted : WHEREAS, At the session of the Board of Lady Managers in November last, Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke received next to Minutes of Second Session. 203 the highest number of votes at the election of Secretary; there- fore in consideration of this fact, be it Resolved, That Mrs. Susan Gale Cpoke be appointed to fill the position of acting Secretary of the Board of Lady Mana- gers, and that she shall receive the salary as provided for the office of Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers. This latter action was subsequently reconsidered, and Mrs. Cooke was elected by ballot Secretary pro tern, of the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Commission. The following communication was sent to the Board of Reference and Control : To the Honorable Board of Reference and Control : GENTLEMEN : By the direction of the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, there has been sent you a copy of the resolution removing from office Miss Phoebe Couzins, Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Com- mission. Enclosed herewith is a copy of the official statement made by the Executive Committee to the members of the Board of Lady Managers, which statement recites the facts as they were presented for consideration and action to the Executive Com- mittee. We commend this .statement to your thoughtful attention. It is a matter of unfeigned regret that this course should have been necessary. There was, however, no alternative when we recognized, as we did unanimously, that it was impossible to conduct the affairs of the Board of Lady Managers with any de- gree of success while an officer of that Board was not only refusing to perform the duties of her important office in a business-like way, but was also using her official position to create discord among the members of the Board. The situation was much aggravated by a continual desire and constant practice on the part of the Secretary to give through the public press prominence to matters that were essentially personal and private. The Executive Committee, after carefully investigating the situation, made its decision as detailed in the accompanying statement. In this connection we desire to express our regret that the unavailing applications made to all the authorities to callameet- 14 204 Board of Lady Managers. ing of the full Board of Lady Managers has forced upon the Executive Committee the responsibility of taking final action in this important matter. Of the Executive Committee, twelve of whom voted for Miss Couzins when she was elected, not one approved her conduct; the twenty-three ladies present at the session were unanimous in the vote upon the resolution of removal, the ayes and noes being called for. We found the situation difficult, and we endeavored to meet it with dignity and decision. In conclusion, we most respectfully ask your approval and recognition of Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke as Secretary pro tern, of the Board of Lady Managers. The Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, now in session, would be pleased to meet your Board, or a com- mittee from it, to confer in regard to this matter, if it seems to you desirable. The following statement was prepared, and ordered sent to each member of the Board of Lady Managers: AN OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE ACTION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS IN REMOVING FROM OFFICE Miss PHOEBE COUZINS, SECRE- TARY OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS OF THE COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. AT THIS SESSION WERE PRES- ENT TWENTY-THREE OF THE TWENTY-SIX MEMBERS COM- POSING THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. To the Lady Managers of the Columbian Commission : Your Executive Committee, now in session in the City of Chicago, requests your kind consideration of the following state- ment concerning its action in removing Miss Couzins from office and the authority and reasons therefor, as they are herein set forth. Articles IV. and V. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers, adopted November 25, 1890, read as follows: ARTICLE IV. Officers of the Board of Lady Managers: The officers of this Board shall consist of a president, whose official title shall be President of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission; nine vice-presidents, who shall. Minutes of Second Session. 205 be denominated as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth vice-presidents, and a vice-president-at-large, and a secretary; all of whom shall hold their offices at the pleasure of the Board of Lady Managers. ARTICLE V. Executive Committee. There shall be an Execu- tive Committee, consisting of twenty-five members, besides the President, each of whom shall be appointed by the President; each of the Standing Committees to be represented on the Execu- tive Board. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Managers. Ten members shall constitute a quorum, and the Commit- tee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such sub-com- mittees as it may consider expedient. This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employes and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, the same shall be filled by appointment of the President. In all cases where Managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on the Committee. The following is the action of the World's Columbian Com- mission at its session in this city, Wednesday, April i, 1891: Resolved, fifth, That, owing to the evident intention of Congress to allow few meetings of the full Board of Lady Mana- gers, the Executive Committee thereof, or a sub-committee of said Executive Committee, is hereby authorized and empowered, in the absence of the Board, to exercise any and all powers which said Board might exercise in session, including the right and privilege of amending its By-Laws, should said Executive Com- mittee or sub-committee at any time deem it necessary or advisable. In accordance with Article VIII. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers, which reads as follows ARTICLE VIII. Duties of the Secretary: The Secretary shall con- duct the correspondence of the Commission and be the custodian of all documents and records relating to its business. She shall keep a full and accurate record of its proceedings, and shall make report of same from time to time, as she may be required. She shall keep all the accounts of the Commission, and certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. All papers, accounts, and records in her custody shall at all times be open to inspection on demand of any Lady Manager the following resolution was adopted: 206 Board of Lady Managers. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers be requested to make a report of the business done in her office since the meeting of the Board last November. A copy of this resolution was sent to Miss Couzins, to which no reply was made. On April gth, the second day of the session of the Executive Committee, important business was pending and a motion to go into executive session was carried, whereupon the Chair requested all persons not members of the Committee to withdraw. Miss Couzins being in the room, refused to leave, and stated that she would not leave except in compliance with the adoption of a resolution requesting the Secretary of the Board of Lady Mana- gers to leave the room, and further stated that she expected to base some legal proceeding upon such a resolution if offered and adopted. In order to avoid a disagreeable scene the Executive Committee at once adjourned, to meet at the call of the Chairman. April nth, a committee of two was appointed to convey to Miss Couzins another copy of this resolution. The committee reported that she requested further time before responding. The following communication was received from Miss Couzins : CHICAGO, ILL., April 13, 189: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. Mrs. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, AND MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : LADIES: In response to the request of a special committee Mrs. Eagle and Mrs. Thatcher deputed to ask of me a re- port, I herewith submit a retrospect of the work thus far accom- plished. I infer that a detailed report is not expected, since only in the annual report of all organizations, when the full roster of the officers' reports are received, this is done. I think we may safely congratulate ourselves that the first quarter of our existence indicates a steady advance in the interest of the work of the Board. Since the first issue from the Secre- tary's office of a circular letter, on the zgth of November, to each member and alternate, warning them of the danger of Congressional restrictions in financial directions, there has been Minutes of Second Session. 207 a steady stream of literature and directive matter sent out and letters of inquiry and suggestion received. A few foreign letters have come to us, one especially from the Japanese Minister, directing the Board to prominent ladies in his native land, who would cordially unite in the quadro-centennial celebration. It is also a subject of congratulation that our work in the first quarter seems to have accomplished more in proportion to results than the work of the first quarter of the National Commission, in that the Board while still so new in official relations has not only inaugurated active work in the States and Territories, but, by vigorous Congressional labor through its President and Finance Committee at Washington, saved the National Commission from complete overthrow, which, it is to be regretted, it ungallantly returned by putting us under bonds. I have performed the duties of the Secretary's office care- fully and promptly in so far as I have been permitted to do them, but have labored under great embarrassment, not only because a portion of the duties and supervision assigned me by our By- Law No. 8 have been diverted into other channels, but because, also, my mail, by a recent order, has been directed to the Presi- dent's division, and I am uncertain as to whether the official correspondence which properly comes to me under that By- Law reaches its proper destination. Another embarrassment exists in that the Secretary's office is not thoroughly equipped with all necessary machinery for prompt service, chief among which is the need of a letter-press. All this, I presume, in the future will be speedily remedied when the Congressional appropriation set apart for the use of the Board of Lady Managers comes under our exclusive control. I also ask that you will promptly act upon my communication sent to the Board of Control on February 26th, in relation to the clerical force in my office ; the qualifications for their work are especially set forth in that communication, which I understand has been referred to you. These ladies have thus far been paid a meagre sum through borrowed funds, and I ask in fixing these salaries that you will provide a retroactive clause that they may receive just compensation for the work of the past. In this connection I herewith most emphatically enter my protest against the breach of etiquette and wholly unprece- dented action of two members of the Executive Committee, who entered my office late in the evening of Saturday, April nth, and in my presence subjected those clerks to categorical inquiries as to the condition of the office and their qualifications for their work a province which is solely and wholly under my jurisdic- tion and control. And, in conclusion, permit me also to protest against the 208 Board of Lady Managers. exclusion of myself as a member of your Executive body, and to respectfully call your attention to the fact that while you hold your offices simply by tenure of appointment, the President's and Secretary's position is fixed by election and adoption, under the report of the Committee on Permanent Organization, No- vember 2ist and 22d, and these permanent officers of the Execu- tive Committee are as firmly established by that action as were those officers on November 2oth as permanent officers of the Board. If there are special points of inquiry to which you wish a re- ply, I shall be most happy to afford the needed information. Very respectfully submitted, PHOEBE W. COUZINS, Secretary Board of Lady Managers. The President, Mrs. Palmer, said : LADIES : I might make a statement in reference to this matter. I have never known how much correspondence went from the Secretary's office. I have not known what the clerks were doing. When Miss Couzins recently went to St. Louis, I told the janitor of the building during Miss Couzins' absence to bring all the mail to my table, and then had Miss Couzins' clerk come in, and asked what instructions she had in regard to the mail. .She said Miss Couzins had told her to open the mail and decide what was to be done with it. I had her open the mail and report to me what was in it. She reported to me, that one morning, and said there were only three letters, one a com- munication which had been sent out to all of our ladies from New York. They were addressed to Miss Couzins, and in the body of the communication was a distinct statement that they must be presented to the President. Mrs. Bullene, in handing that to me, said that it was one of those circular letters that had been coming in. I asked her if she had received others, not having had any information from the Secretary's office. She said yes, they had received a great many, and then I asked her to bring them to me. That was the first knowledge I had that any of them had come in, although Miss Couzins was dis- tinctly instructed in the document itself to hand them to me. Mrs. Bullene handed me ten or fifteen. I gave them back to her to be filed. The mail was brought to my table next morning, but Mrs. Bullene did not report, and Miss Couzins returned. I only saw the outside of the envelopes and saw what was in one of the three letters that morning. I gave the janitor instructions to place the Secretary's letters on her desk as usual. Minutes of Second Session. 209 The following official letters were read to the Executive Committee: OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION, CHICAGO, April 10, 1891. Mrs. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Commission: DEAR MRS. PALMER: I have the honor to inform you that at a meeting of the Board of Control of the World's Columbian Commission, held in this city, February 25, 1891, a communi- cation was received from Miss Phoebe Couzins, Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, stating that she had appointed two clerks in her office, and requesting the Board to fix their compensation. This communication was, by order of the Board of Control, respectfully referred to you, with the request that you advise the Board of Control in reference thereto, to which you replied that this was a matter for the consideration of the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. The Board of Control, therefore, suspended action thereon until the meeting of your Executive Committee, and said Committee being now in session, I would respectfully request that you have this matter brought up for consideration and action by this Commit- tee, in order that the Board of Control, when it meets again in this city, on the 2yth instant, may receive a report from your Executive Committee in regard to this subject. With great respect, I have the honor to be your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. CHICAGO, March 7, 1891. Board of Reference and Control World's Columbian Commission: GENTLEMEN : Your communication of March 6, containing an application from Miss Couzins for the appointment of two clerks in her office, has been handed me. By our By-Laws our Executive Committee is authorized to recommend such employe's and agents as may be necessary, and to define their duties, which fact Miss Couzins must have overlooked at the time she wrote you. I respectfully ask, therefore, that you refer this matter to the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, and, by so doing, you will greatly oblige, yours truly, BERTHA M. H. PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers. 210 Board of Lady Managers. BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION, CHICAGO, ILL., February 25, 1891. To the Board of Reference and Control, World's Columbian Com- mission: GENTLEMEN: I herewith respectfully submit for your approval the estimate of the clerical force that I find necessary to the thorough discharge of the duties of my office. Mrs. Emma Jay Bullene was highly recommended to me by Mr.Thomas B. Bullene, of Kansas City, who is one of the Missouri Commissioners. She is the widow of a nephew of Mr. Bullene, and has long been a resident of Chicago. It was suggested to me by Mr. Bullene at the closing session of our Board, in November, that, during my necessary absence in St. Louis, preparatory to finally returning here, Mrs. Bullene was thoroughly capable of taking care of my office and performing its duties. She came to me on the zyth of November, 1890, and has been with me ever since, save a short absence in January, fulfilling her duties as record and file clerk and accountant in the most thorough and satisfactory manner; and in view of the constantly increasing business in this division, I most cordially submit her name for approval. Miss Annette E. Crocker came to this office on the loth of January, at a time when we were especially filled with stress of business, and needed a stenographer and typewriter at once. Her application fora position as linguist and translator of foreign correspondence had been made in Secretary Dickinson's office and in that of the Director-General. Finding that she com- bined these excellent qualifications, which will be extremely valuable to the Board of Lady Managers in the near future, with the knowledge of stenography and typewriting, and having the approval of Director-General Davis, and President T. W. Palmer, I at once suggested her coming into this office. I herewith append, for your review, copies of her letters of indorsement which are filed in the office of Secretary Dickinson, and of the Director-General. As to the salaries these ladies ought to have, I leave that to your judgment and consideration, in view of the complicated developments in Washington, but I ask for your approval of my choice. Respectfully submitted, PHOEBE COUZINS, Secretary Board of Lady Manager A. In order to take proper and necessary action in determining the compensation of the clerks in the office of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, a committee was appointed to Minutes of Second Session. 211 inquire into the clerical duties of the employes of the office of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, and this commit- tee submitted the following report: We, your committee appointed to investigate the clerical force in the office of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Mana- gers, most respectfully submit the following report: We find in said office two assistants, to wit: Mrs. Bullene and Miss Crocker. Mrs. Bullene states that she is employed as recording and filing clerk. The minute book could not be seen, as the minutes were incomplete. The Secretary stated that they had not been recorded. According to Mrs. Bullene's list, there were 113 letters on file and not more than fifty more to be placed on file. Mrs. Bullene entered the office November 27, 1890. Miss Crocker, the other assistant, stated that she was a ste- nographer and typewriter. She estimated that she could write one hundred words per minute. She writes letters and preserves copies. The committee asked to see the letters and copies. Miss Couzins stated that she had again and again asked for a letter- press, but had not yet been able to obtain one, consequently the extra work of typewriting copies. The Committee asked to see the copies and the boxes containing copies were produced. Seven copies of letters were found. These represented 406 let- ters sent. Besides this, Miss Crocker had sent ninety-eight let- ters to Chicago ladies, giving notice of meetings. She had also, under the supervision of Miss Couzins, prepared a typewritten copy of minutes of the meeting of the Lady Managers held in November. Miss Crocker stated that she could easily perform the entire clerical work of that office. She entered the office January 10, 1891. Miss Couzins stated she had been unable to obtain any supplies whatever. She had no books for accounts, and never had; that she had obtained a record book only by persistent effort. The President stated that Miss Couzins had a requisition book in which she could write an order for anything needed for the proper conduct of her office, and the order would, of course, be honored. Miss Couzins had been asked if she wanted a letter- press, but she replied that there was one in the adjoining room, and she could use that. Miss Couzins had obtained such books as she deemed necessary for her office, the bills of which were duly audited and paid. The following letters were read to the Executive Committee: MARCH, 1891. MY DEAR Miss COUZINS: I am glad to hear such encourag- 212 Board of Lady Managers. ing reports of your rapid improvement. Pray do not feel nervous about getting back to your desk, but take your time to get well. I heard that you had finished the minutes and sent them to be printed, and I got a proof which I have partially looked over. As I find there are serious errors, I think the printing should be stopped. Hoping that you may continue to gain rapidly, I am, very truly yours, BERTHA M. H. PALMER. [Extract from letter to Mrs. Palmer from Miss Couzins.} GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL, CHICAGO, March 15, 1891. I have just gone over the mass of confused official and unoffi- cial debates again and again, trying to digest the material substance and eliminate the extraneous matter, and I do not under- stand what you mean by "serious blunders," unless you have reference to the report of the Committee on By-Laws. The Com- mittee made a most " serious blunder" and wholly illegal con- struction of the Executive Committee, and if that is what you refer to, the "blunder" is theirs, not mine. You will remember that just as you were leaving for New York, I said to you and Mrs. Shepard that the minutes were all ready for printing, and that I thought after the proofs were all ready, and I had them, we had better come together again and review them carefully before the final printing. So many interruptions occurred that I did not get the full quota from the printers until after I was ill, and I have not yet received them, nor ordered the printer to go ahead, so that whoever informed you that they were being printed and ought to be stopped, told you what is not true and has officiously intermeddled in what does not concern them whatsoever. * * * I have no recollection of ever assuming to act in my office on official matters without conferring with and deferring to you, and in this I proposed to let things stand until I was well enough to review them all again carefully with you. APRIL 13. MY DEAR MR. HAYNES: I sent you a line yesterday to see me at the hotel, as I am anxious to have those minutes in shape; and it was my purpose to send the proofs to St. Louis, but upon consultation with the Committee who were appointed to revise with me the minutes (save Mrs. Thatcher), I have concluded to have them printed here; and we are now taking steps to have them paid for independently of the Board of Lady Man- agers. If you are agreed to this I will be over in the course of an hour and indicate a few changes in the proof of the last two or three days. I am also legally advised that the President can not control the minutes of the Secretary, especially if the Com- Minutes of Second Session. 213 mittee, appointed by the Board at its last session, agree with the Secretary as to the correctness and revision, which a majority do. So, please print nothing save by my order. Yours truly, PHOEBE W. COUZINS, Secretary Board of Lady Managers. WHEREAS, Knowledge having come to the Executive Com- mittee of the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Commission that the Secretary of the Board has taken steps to have printed the alleged minutes of the November session of said Board of Lady Managers; therefore, be it Resolved, That the real and true minutes of the November session have not been approved by the proper authority, and any attempt to print and circulate incorrect imnutes is in our opinion a grave breach of ordinary usage, and a serious violation of the respect due to the Board of Lady Managers. At the afternoon session of April 14, Mrs. Mulligan, one of the members of the Committee of three appointed to revise the minutes of the session held in November last, having been requested to be present, stated as follows: I saw Miss Couzins a week or two before the holidays. Miss Merrill was present that night and also Dr. Frances Dickinson. As I understood it, Miss Couzins was to make those minutes out in good shape, and, of course, submit them to the President for approval. Mrs. Mulligan further stated that she had not had a proof of Miss Couzins' minutes, nor had ever received any official notifi- cation of the meeting of the Committee on Revision. At the same session Mrs. Thatcher stated to the Committee that as Chairman of the Committee appointed to revise the minutes, she had never been requested, either in writing or verbally, to take action on the minutes. In consequence of the above recited facts at the afternoon session of the Executive Committee, April 14, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : WHEREAS, The Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Commission has not performed, in an accepta- ble manner, the duties of her office ; and WHEREAS, Either by negligence or intention, the minutes of the November session have been grossly distorted ; and 214 Board of Lady Managers. WHEREAS, She has taken steps to have printed, at the expense of some party or parties other than the Board of Lady Managers, the alleged minutes of that body, not yet approved by the Com- mittee appointed at the November session of the Board ; and WHEREAS, She has incurred unnecessary expense in conduct- ing the business of her office ; and WHEREAS, She has, in response to a request for a report, transmitted to this Committee a communication disrespectful both to the Board of Lady Managers and the Columbian Com- mission ; and WHEREAS, She has written disrespectful letters to and con- cerning the President and other members of the Board of Lady Managers ; and WHEREAS, She has given expression through the public press to opinions and sentiments that tend to destroy, in public esti- mation, the dignity and standing of the Board of Lady Mana- gers ; therefore, be it Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to notify the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, that charges have been preferred against her, and summon her to appear before the Executive Committee, and answer said charges, at 1 1 o'clock to-morrow, Wednesday, April 15. Miss Couzins refused to receive from the Committee a writ- ten copy of this resolution, requesting her to appear before the Committee. The resolution embodied the charges to which she was asked to make a reply. On April 15, at the morning meeting of the Executive Com- mittee, the committee appointed to wait upon Miss Couzins reported that they could not find her at her office during the afternoon of Tuesday, April 14 ; neither had they found her at her office that morning. The Committee was excused from the morning meeting, and went to her hotel to notify Miss Couzins that charges had been preferred against her, and summoned her to appear before the Executive Committee at 12 M., the original time appointed having been n A. M. CHICAGO, Wednesday, 12 M., April 15, 1891. MRS. POTTER PALMER AND MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Board of Lady Managers World's Columbian Commission: LADIES: I am just in receipt of a resolution, without date, requesting me to appear to-morrow (Wednesday, April i5th), which has not been authenticated by the President, summoning Minutes of Second Session. 215 me before the Executive Committee, on the ground that charges are to be preferred against me. In the absence of any knowl- edge as to the definite character of the charges to be preferred, I must refuse to appear. Although I do not legally recognize your right to arraign me before the bar of your Committee, I am most heartily willing to appear and answer any charges; such charges must, however, be clearly set forth in writing and sent to me before I appear. A supposed criminal has the right to know before appearing whether he or she is arraigned for grand larceny or murder, and make suitable preparations for defense. And inasmuch as we are a body organized for national work and national inspection of our proceedings, this examination must be conducted with open doors. PHOEBE W. COUZINS, Secretary Board of Lady Managers. Miss Couzins not appearing at 12 o'clock, the time was again extended to 3 p. M. The above message having been received from Miss Couzins at 3 o'clock, and she herself not appearing, a committee was instructed to again wait upon her, and to say: In view of the fact that the relations existing between the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers and members of that Board are so strained as to interfere with the discharge in the best manner of the business of her office, and in order to promote the harmony that it is imperative should exist between the Lady Managers and its officers if the grand work of the Board of Lady Managers is to be carried to a successful issue in view of all this, it seems to us desirable that you should resign your office. Very possibly we should agree, upon certain conditions, that the resignation should take effect June rst, and we would grant you leave of absence from this date. We have reached this conclusion after considering several charges that have been informally made in regard to you as the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers and your method of conducting the business of the office. ' You have, we think, incurred unnecessary expense in carrying on the business of your office. You have sent to this Committee, in response to a request for a report, a communication that is disre- spectful to President and members of the Board of Lady Mana- gers. You have written letters to and concerning the members of the Board that tend to produce discord and destroy the use- fulness of the Board of Lady Managers. The Committee reported that it waited upon Miss Couzins and read to her the instruction as directed by the Executive 216 Board of Lady Managers. Committee, stating distinctly that final action would be taken upon the matter at 4.30 p. M. No attention being paid by Miss Couzins to this last message, at 4.30 the following resolution was unanimously adopted: WHEREAS, Miss Phoebe Couzins, the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, was requested and notified to appear before the Executive Committee to answer complaints of misconduct and neglect of duty in connection with said office, which she has failed to do, and said Committee being satisfied that said com- plaints are well founded, and that the public business intrusted to said Committee and Board of Lady Managers can not and will not be properly transacted while Miss Phoebe Couzins con- tinues to hold said office, and that she will not discharge the duties of said office in proper cooperation with the President and other members of said Board; be it Resolved, By the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, that Miss Phoebe Couzins, the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, be and she is hereby removed from said office. The Committee appointed to inform Miss Couzins of this action reported that they had waited upon her and presented to her a properly attested copy of the resolution removing her from office. The above embraces the formal action taken by the Execu- tive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers. It seems desirable, however, to add the following in further explanation: At the November session of the Board of Lady Managers, Section 4 of the Report of the Committee on Permanent Organization was amended so as to read: " That the Committee of twenty-six shall be appointed by the President." As thus amended, Section 4 was at variance with Section 3 as already adopted, and, in consequence of this variation, a motion was made and carried to reconsider that part of the report on Per- manent Organization which referred to the Executive Commit- tee, which reconsideration nullified the vote previously taken upon Sections 3 and 4, which sections referred to the construc- tion of the Executive Committee. The minutes as printed for your convenience from day to day do not note this fact. A substitute that was offered was made the special order for n o'clock the fol- owing day, at which time a motion was made and carried that Minutes of Second Session. 217 the substitute be laid upon the table, as it was stated that the Committee on By-Laws was ready to report, and that its report would meet the question under discussion. The Committee on By-Laws had prepared a type-written copy of the By-Laws it had agreed upon. The type-writer having made a mistake in copying the report, and there being no time to have it re-written, correction was made in lead pencil by the Com- mittee. The By-Laws were adopted as reported and so printed in the minutes that were issued at the time. Your Secretary subsequently repudiated the minutes thus prepared by herself for the alleged reason that the By-Laws, as reported by the Commit- tee, were in part written in lead pencil. In doing this Miss Couzins exceeded her authority, which is confined to recording the action of our Board. A Secretary has no authority to change or revise the record of any action, as she did in the minutes referred to in her letter to Mr. Haynes (given above), a printer's proof of which minutes has been examined by the members of the Execu- tive Committee, and found to contain as Article V. of the By- Laws an article differing radically from the one reported to and adopted by the Board of Lady Managers at the November session of 1890. This spurious article in the printer's proof made Miss Couzins, as Secretary, a member of the Executive Committee. This spurious Article V. in the printer's proof reads as follows: There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty- six members, of whom the President shall be one and ex-officio Chairman, and the remaining twenty-five shall be as follows: The Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, the twelve Chair- men of the Standing Committees, and the twelve appointed by the President. The said Committee, when the Board is not in session, shall have all the powers of the Board of Lady Man- agers. Ten members shall constitute a quorum, and the Com- mittee may make such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the medium of such Sub- Committees as it may consider expedient. This Committee shall recommend to the Commission such employes and agents as may be necessary, and shall distinctly define the duties. They shall report fully all their transactions to the Board at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee the same shall be filled by appointment of the President. In all cases 218 Board of Lady Managers. when Managers who are members of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on that Committee. It will be observed that this is entirely different from the By-Law that was adopted and it is also entirely different from the plan contemplated in the original report on permanent organi- zation. This last-mentioned report proposed that each of the twelve Standing Committees should elect one of their number to represent it on the Executive Committee. This, of course, made it impossible for an Executive Committee to exist until after each of the Standing Committees had been appointed and had met and elected one of their own number to represent it on the Executive Committee. And very probably the delay involved in carrying out this plan was the immediate reason for the recon- sideration named above. This spurious Article V. makes the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers ex-officio a member of the Executive Committee and also names the Chairman of each committee as a member of the Executive Committee, a plan of action that was never con- templated by the Board of Lady Managers in so far as its action can be judged from the stenographic reports of the November session. During this session of the Executive Committee neither the President nor Lady Managers have been permitted to have access to the papers, accounts, and records in the office of the Secretary, as it is expressly stated they may have in Article VIII. of our By -Laws given above. It must also be remembered that Miss Couzins sent out to the members of the Committees on Permanent Organization and on By-Laws and to many other Lady Managers a printer's proof of the spurious By-Law, referring to the formation of the Executive Committee, asking each of them to exercise her individual recollections, thus tending to confuse both the memory and the mind of each lady to whom this communication was sent, and who naturally thought it genuine and indicating the action of the Board. We desire to emphasize the fact, that in all that we have done we have acted under and by the authority contained in the By- Minutes of Second Session. 219 Laws adopted by the Board of Lady Managers last November. We have not found it necessary nor desirable to appeal to the authority given by the Columbian Commission in the Article given herein. We think, therefore, it must be clear to all of you, our friends of the Board of Lady Managers, that the business of our Board and the great National and International interests which it repre- sents can not be conducted either with success, dispatch, or dignity, while the Secretary maintained so antagonistic and dis- respectful a position toward our President and various members of our Board. We are told that the Secretary claims that her position is co-equal with that of the President. It will be con- ceded that there can be but one executive head in any well- ordered organization. Time does not suffice, nor could we, if we would, convey to you any adequate impression of the hin- drances and annoyances which this state of affairs creates at our headquarters. The removal of Miss Couzins from her office has not been prompted by any spirit of malice or unkindness in proof of which we would remind you that it was suggested to her that she send in her resignation, to take effect on June ist, and that we would grant her leave of absence from April i5th. This would have allowed her ample time to close her official rela- tions as Secretary and to determine her future course, while her salary would have been continued for six weeks after her active duties ceased. No one of the Board of Lady Managers can regret more keenly than do the members severally of your Executive Com- mittee, the conditions which have rendered this action expedi- ent we might truly say imperative. We desire further to em- phasize the fact that this conclusion was reached in perfect harmony, and the action taken was unanimous. We hope that this full and candid statement of the facts may lead you to a cordial approval of our action, and that we shall, as a Board unite our efforts with an enthusiasm that will secure the grandest results possible in the inspiring work we are endeavoring to pro- mote. By order of the Executive Committee. SUSAN GALE COOKE, 15 Secretary Executive Committee. 220 Board of Lady Managers. The Committee appointed to consider and report upon the classification adopted by the Commission struggled heroically with a very complicated and delicate task. The classification embraces almost one thousand classes and many of these are capable of division into more than a hundred sub-classes. Only a close analysis will reveal even approximately the number of committees required in any group. It will readily be seen that only the most painstaking study, broad comprehension and close inquiry can compass a classification that will equitably divide the work to be done by the committees. The report of this Committee was honored with a hearty vote of thanks. Its length and peculiar character prevents its being given in this report. The subject of State work was considered by several sub- committees. No other subject is so perennially fresh and absorb- ing. There was an urgent demand from all sections for some formulated plan, both in order to secure uniformity in effort and also as a starting point for energy. The result of the discussions and deliberations were embodied in circulars that were promptly sent to each member of the Board. Further transactions of the Executive Committee are indi- cated by the following resolutions: Resolved, That the President of the Board of Lady Managers in the absence of the full Board or its Executive Committee, be empowered to increase, reduce, or change the clerical force employed in the offices of the Board of Lady Managers as the necessities of the case seem to demand. Resolved, That the President be authorized to appoint a committee of four members of the Board of Lady Managers and the President who shall superintend the furnishing of the Women's Building, and would respectfully suggest that an invitation be extended to Miss Hayden to make suggestions to the ladies in the decorations and furnishing. No additional compensation other than that already fixed shall be allowed for services in this connection. Resolved, That a committee consisting of the President and four other members of the Board of Lady Managers be appointed, Minutes of Second Session. 221 who shall assign the space in the Woman's Building to associ- ations, exhibitors, and for other purposes. Resolved, That a committee of five of the Executive Com- mittee be appointed to co-operate with the committee of the Commission on Music and Musical Artists. Resolved, That we take some action in regard to defining the duties of the standing committees, also in regard to asking the Director-General to report, from time to time, in which of the classifications we are likely to be asked to furnish members of the^committees on awards. Resolved, That the President be requested to secure infor- mation in regard to how women, who wish to be exhibitors, can secure space, and that the Secretary prepare a statement to be given to the public, embodying this information. Resolved, That the Executive Committee recommend to the proper authorities the appointment of one lady for the British Isles, two for the Continent of Europe, and two for the Oriental countries, who shall be agents for the Board of Lady Managers, and who shall solicit exhibits, and in all proper manner promote the interests of the Woman's Department of the Exposition; whose traveling expenses and salary shall be fixed by the proper authorities. All agents shall be required to report to the President, weekly, the progress they are making, so as to determine the length of time they are to be continued. Lady members of the Board who are traveling abroad shall be requested to assist the agents by furnishing them with infor- mation. Resolved, That the Secretary pro tem. of the Board of Lady Managers be, and is hereby instructed to prepare immediately for the printer the minutes of the November meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, and submit the same to the committee consisting of Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, and Dr. Frances Dickinson, appointed by the Board to approve said minutes. Resolved, further, That after obtaining the approval of proper committee before referred to, the minutes of the November meeting be immediately printed and mailed to the members of the Board of Lady Managers. 222 Board of Lady Managers. Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations be, and they are hereby instructed to address .to the several foreign governments a communication inviting them to appoint a com- mission of ladies to co-operate with the Board of Lady Man- agers of the World's Columbian Commission, in order to secure a full representative exhibit of woman's work from each of said countries. That said committee confer with the Honorable Secretary of State of the United States, and solicit his aid in promoting the objects hereby sought. Resolved, The President shall appoint the first member of the Working Committee to a term of six weeks; the second mem- ber for four weeks; the third member for two weeks. Any member may, at the request of the President, serve two or more consecutive terms; these terms of service may, with the consent of the President, be varied to suit the convenience of members. WHEREAS, The great work we have in hand is of a truly philanthropic nature, tending to the highest development of noblest womanhood; and WHEREAS, It is desirable that the women of limited oppor- tunity should be enabled so far as possible to profit by this great exposition of woman's work throughout the world; be it Resolved, That the Executive Committee, while advising the admission only of most creditable work for exhibit, would earn- estly advise that every effort be made to interest all bread-win- ning women, whether in domestic, trade, or professional life, and will do all in its power to enable them to attend the Columbian Exposition at the least possible expense to themselves. Resolved, That the Executive Committee, through the Presi- dent, ask the co-operation of the working-women of the country, and further that we make a special request to the women of the Knights of Labor organizations to take a deep interest in the work. Resolved, That the Executive Committee recommend to the Board of Lady Managers the compilation of a souvenir guide- book to the World's Columbian Exposition. WHEREAS, It is very desirable that the offices of the Board of Lady Managers be conducted on strictly business principles; and Minutes of Second Session. 223 WHEREAS, It is inexpedient to employ, in a subordinate capacity, any member of the Board of Lady Managers; there- fore, be it Resolved, That no member of the Board of Lady Managers be employed as clerk, stenographer, etc., in the President's and Secretary's offices. This action to take effect July i, 1891. Resolved, That the Chair be, and is hereby requested to name a committee of three (besides herself) to consider and recom- mend applications to represent the Board of Lady Managers in foreign countries, to be acted upon in case of favorable reply from the Foreign Affairs Bureau when it shall have been organ- ized. In compliance with your instructions, at the November ses- sion, Mrs. Cantrill was appointed to have especial charge in the Executive Committee of the interest of colored women. Mr. Greiner presented a flag made by General Sheridans' mother, at the age of eighty-seven, which was accepted and ordered to be displayed in the Woman's Building during the Exposition. The President was authorized to have designed and made an official seal for the Board of Lady Managers. She was also requested to ascertain whether or not the Board will be allowed to designate by any device the " articles that are in whole or in part produced by female labor." She was also requested to use such means as she thought adequate to secure from all trans- portation companies a special concession of rates for those women engaged in the arts and industries who may desire to visit the Columbian Exposition, in order to study the general progress in the arts and industries in which they are severally engaged. VIRGINIA C. MEREDITH, Vice-Chairman Executive Committee. Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, moved that the report be printed and given to the Board of Lady Managers. Motion seconded. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved as a substitute that the consideration of this very important report be postponed until 224 Board of Lady Managers. such time as printed copies may be in the hands of every mem- ber of the Board. Motion seconded. Mrs. Meredith moved as a substitute to Mrs. Barker's motion, that this report be laid on the table. Mrs. Barker accepted the substitute. Seconded by Mrs. Reed, and carried. The Chair called for a report from the Committee on Finance, and also from the Committee appointed to approve the minutes of the November session. The Chairmen of these Committees asked for continuance of time, which was granted. Miss Ford, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That in order to signalize the completion of the Woman's Building, we request our President to drive the last nail in that Building; and further, that she invite such working women or organizations of Chicago, as she desires, to witness this event. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal. Mrs. Allen, Oregon, moved to amend by omitting the words, "of Chicago." Miss Ford accepted the amendment, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Mrs. Ryan, Texas, moved that State work be made a special order for the next morning, after the regular order of business, and that the States be called alphabetically. Seconded by Mrs. Cantrill, and carried. The Chair appointed Mrs. Brayton, South Carolina, a committee of one to draft resolutions in memory of Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, South Carolina, deceased. The following announcement was then read: Mr. Phillipson regrets that the inclement weather prevented the ladies from visiting the Exposition in Miniature, yesterday, Minutes of Second Session. 225 but will be pleased to receive them this evening, at the hour most agreeable to them. Ladies are requested to wear their badges. On motion of Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, seconded by Mrs. Ryan, Texas, the invitation was accepted for 8 o'clock p. M. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a reconsideration be taken on the vote which was given this morning, on the hour of meeting in the after- noon. Seconded by Mrs. Trautmann, New York, and adopted. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, moved that we meet promptly at 10 o'clock, adjourn at half-past 12, and meet again at 2 P.M., to adjourn at 5 o'clock, until such time as the committees are in a condition to do active work. Seconded by Mrs. Trautmann, New York. Mrs. Barker moved as a substitute that we meet at 10 A. M. and at 2 p. M., and leave the hour at which we adjourn to the wis- dom of the meeting. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That By-Law 10 be referred to the Committee on By-Laws, Rules and Regulations, to be reported back in such form as to be in harmony with the suggestions made by Mrs. Palmer in her address, as to classification. Seconded by Mrs. Ashley, Colorado, and adopted. On request of Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, the names of members of the Committee on By-Laws were read. The Chair then appointed Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, temporary Chairman of that committee, in place of Mrs. Darby, deceased; and also appointed Mrs. Bradwell, Chicago, and Miss Dailey, Rhode Island, to act as additional members of said committee. 226 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Deane, California, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That in the record of the proceedings of each day, no notice be taken of motions that have been withdrawn. Seconded by Mrs. Reed, Maryland, and adopted. On motion the Board adjourned to 10 A. M., Friday, Septem- ber 5th. Minutes of Second Session. 227 OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. Third Day, Friday, September 4, 1891. The Board convened at 10 A. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Prayer by Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal; Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley; New York, Miss Ford; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton; Califor- nia, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs Ash- ley; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Mrs. Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan; Illinois, Mrs. Gould, alternate; Mrs. Phillips, alternate; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball, alternate; Iowa, Mrs. Clark, Miss Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Faulkner, Miss Payne; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens; Maryland, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Frost, Miss Sears, alternate; 228 Board of Lady Managers. Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone; Missouri, Mrs. Moore, alternate; Montana, Mrs. Rickards; Ne- braska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, alternate; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens; New York, Mrs. Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton; Pennsyl- vania, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas; Rhode Island, MissDailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke, Mrs. Mason, alternate; Texas, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Coch- ran; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate; Vir- ginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul; Washington, Mrs. Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell; New Mexico, Mrs. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Carse; Mrs. Shattuck, Mrs. Chetlain, alternates. The Journal of the preceding day was read and approved. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we express our appreciation and thanks for the very able addresses on the question of Sunday closing, which we were permitted to hear in connection with the Commission yesterday. Seconded by Mrs. Ryan, Texas, and adopted. Minutes of Second Session. 229 The following communication was read: CHICAGO, September 3, 1891. MRS. BERTHA M. H. PALMER, President Board of Lady Mana- gers, World's Columbian Exposition. DEAR MADAM: Thinking that you would like to know how many applicants have failed to answer to the question in regard to the employment of female labor in their exhibits, I have had them counted, and find that only thirty-six have failed to reply. If you wish to get up a circular calling the attention of applicants for space to the importance of answering this ques- tion, I shall take pleasure in seeing that every delinquent is furnished with a copy. Very respectfully, JOSEPH HIRST, Secretary of Installation. A letter was then read from J. B. Campbell, President and General Manager of the World's Columbian Exposition Illustrated, requesting permission to take a photographic view of the Board while in session. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, moved that the Board accept this invitation, but decline all future offers of a similar nature. Seconded by Mrs. Carse, Chicago, and carried. The Chair called for reports from the different committees. The Chairman of the Committee on Finance asked for a con- tinuance of time, which was granted. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON REVISION OF THE MINUTES OF THE NOVEMBER, 1890, SESSION. The Board of Lady Managers, at their session held Wednes- day, November 26, 1890, adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That the President appoint a Committee of three, who, with the Secretary, will examine the minutes, correct and verify them. In accordance with this resolution, the following Committee was appointed: Mrs. Thatcher, Dr. Dickinson, and Mrs. Mul- ligan. 230 Board of Lady Managers. One or two informal meetings were held to go over the mass of material which formed the record of our November session At the first full meeting of that Committee, held the middle of the following December, they carefully examined copies of the minutes as printed daily during the session of the Board of Lady Managers, making such corrections as they deemed necessary to express clearly the action of the Board of Lady Managers. The Secretary was then instructed by the Committee to prepare a copy of the minutes as corrected, and submit to the President, who would then notify the Revision Committee. Such copy was never, I am informed, submitted to the Presi- dent for approval, and the Chairman of the Committee never received any notification to call that Committee together to approve the minutes as prepared by Secretary Couzins for publication. Our Committee learned that Secretary Couzins was preparing to have published the minutes of the November session without submitting such minutes to the Committee appointed by this Board to approve and verify them. In May, the Committee appointed by the Board of Lady Managers to approve minutes was called together by Secretary Mrs. Cooke to examine the minutes of the November session of the Board of Lady Managers, as prepared by her for publication, with the assistance of the Committee appointed for that purpose by the Executive Committee. Two of the Committee of three were present, the Chairman and Mrs. Mulligan. The minutes were prepared in accordance with the rules adopted by the Commission. After a careful comparison of the minutes prepared by Secre- tary Mrs. Cooke and the Committee, with the full stenographic report, our Committee submitted the following report, which was printed on the fly-leaf of the approved official minutes. " Attest: We, the undersigned, members of said Committee, do hereby certify that we have carefully examined the minutes of the pro- ceedings of the November session, 1890, of the Board of Lady Minutes of Second Session. 231 Managers of the World's Columbian Commission, and that the following is a correct copy thereof. I MRS. SOLOMON THATCHER, JR., Committee, ) Chairman. ( MRS. JAMES A. MULLIGAN. Attest : BERTHA M. H. PALMER, President. CHICAGO, May 9, 1891." Respectfully submitted, MRS. SOLOMON THATCHER, JR., MARION A. MULLIGAN. On motion of Mrs. Paul, Virginia, seconded by Mrs. Deane, California, the report was accepted. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved that the official report of the Executive Committee be printed for distribution. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, and carried. Miss Ives, Connecticut, presented the following report of the Committee on By-Laws : We, your Committee on By-Laws, met and re-organized, and after careful consideration of Article X., which reads as follows : "Amendments shall only be made by two-thirds vote of the Board preseht; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws and Regulations, and be by it considered before any final action thereon by this Board." We, your Committee, consent and empower this Board to make any changes that may seem to them desirable in con- formity with the general classification. (Signed) MRS. W. P. LYNDE, MRS. THATCHER, Miss IVES, MRS. BRIGGS, MRS. CANTRILL, MRS. HOUGHTON, Miss DAILEY, MRS. BRADWELL. 232 Board of Lady Managers. Miss Ives moved the adoption of the report. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, New York. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved as a substitute that the report be received, but consideration thereof postponed. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, and carried. On motion of Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, a vote of thanks was offered Mr. Thorp for his beautiful present of flowers. The Chair requested Mrs. Lucas to convey the thanks of the Board to Mr. Thorp. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, moved the thanks of the Board to our President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, for the charming reception given on the evening of September 2, 1891. Seconded by Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas, and carried by a rising vote. Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas, moved that we provide a couple of easy chairs for the comfort and use of two elderly ladies of the Board. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, and carried. The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky: Resolved, That each member of this Board make earnest search in her respective State, District, or Territory, for all news- papers and other periodicals edited in whole or in part by women, and make early report to the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers. Same to be entered on a file to be known as the Press. On motion of Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, New York, this was referred to the Press Committee. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the State reports be printed, not only in the minutes, but that a liberal supply of extra slips be printed for distribution among the members of the Board, for use in the Legislatures of their several States. Seconded by Mrs. Houghton, Washington, and adopted. Minutes of Second Session. 233 The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin: Jtesolved, That the courtesies of this body be extended to the ladies of the various State Boards present. Seconded by Mrs. Houghton, Washington, and adopted. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, moved that all votes of thanks for everything given or done for us be postponed until the end of our session, and then we can give one united vote of thanks. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, asked that this motion be laid on the table, for the reason that she had a special vote of thanks to present, and desired to be made an exception. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas. Mrs. Trautmann amended her motion, making an exception of Mrs. Logan, and the motion as amended was carried. The Chair announced that the special order of business was the reports on State work. The States were then called alpha- betically, and their reports presented. (See appendix.) At the usual hour the Board adjourned to 2 p. m. The Board re-assembled at 2 p. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. The following communication was read: AUDITORIUM HOTEL, Chicago, 111., September 4, 1891. To Mrs. POTTER PALMER, President of tJie Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition. Present. DEAR MADAM: As your Board have already honored the cause of the Sabbath observance by yesterday attending its presentation before the Columbian Commission, we do not feel justified in asking you, amid the pressure upon you of so many other important duties, to give more of your valuable time to listen to a separate advocacy of the holy, glorious, and blessed subject. 234 Board of Lady Managers. We, therefore, beg leave to waive another hearing before your Honorable Body. At the same time, we respectfully and earnestly request that your Honorable Body will use your vast influence in the Board of Directors and in the National Commission to secure the effectual closing of the gates of the great fair on Sunday, in order that the Commandment and the day of our Heavenly Father may be honored by this nation and the stranger that may visit us, and the Sabbath Day be kept holy, and thus America may set a good example to other nations, and the blessing of God may be consistently invoked upon all your efforts to render the Exposition the grandest that has ever taken place. The spiritual benefits to flow from the Exposition should not be lost sight of in the struggle to secure the material, and it is in the power of the ladies to aid in elevating the character of the whole enterprise by uniting it in all things to the reverential and happy obedience of the laws of the glorious God and Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We have the honor to be and remain, your most obedient and humble servants, ELLIOTT F. SHEPARD, JOHN P. NEWMAN, Bishop M. E. Church. ROBERT S. MACARTHUR, D. D., New York. SYLVESTER F. SCOVEL, LL. D., President Wooster University, Ohio. ALEXANDER S. BACON, Brooklyn, N. Y. HARRISON E. WEBSTER, President Union University, Schenectady, N. Y. WM. J. R. TAYLOR, D. D., Washington, D. C. Committee of the American Sabbath Union and Other Friends , of the Sabbath. The various reports on State work occupied the remainder of the afternoon session. (See appendix.) On motion the Board adjourned to 10 A. M., Saturday, September 6th. Minutes of Second Session. 235 OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. Fourth Day, Saturday, Sept. 5, 1891. The Board was called to order at 10 A. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, led in the Lord's Prayer. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal ; Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood ; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley ; New York, Miss Ford ; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate ; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton ; California, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane ; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley ; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker ; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate ; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck ; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead ; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan ; Illinois, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Gould, alternate ; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball, alternate ; Iowa, Mrs. Clark, Miss Miller ; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback ; Kentucky, Miss Faulkner, Miss Payne ; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare ; Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens ; Maryland, 16 236 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson ; Massachusetts, Mrs. Frost, Miss Sears, alternate ; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell ; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate ; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone ; Missouri, Mrs. Moore, alternate ; Montana, Mrs. Rickards ; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy ; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley ; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall ; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens ; New York, Mrs. Trautmann , North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price ; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell ; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence ; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton ; Pennsylvania, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas ; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey ; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham ; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker ; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke, Mrs. Mason, alternate ; Texas, Mrs. Cochran ; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate ; Virginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs.. Paul ; Washington, Mrs. Owings, Mrs. Houghton ; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson ; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde ; Wyoming, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell ; Mew Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett ; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles ; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse ; Mrs. Shattuck, alternate. The Journal of the preceding day was read and approved. The following communication was presented : To the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission : LADIES : We are making a flag to be presented to your Minutes of Second Session. 237 Honorable Body, at the opening of the Columbian Exposition, the same to be made by the ladies, and manufactured from the silk of the United States. We desire that the flag shall have no lettering on it ; but there will be attached a streamer bearing the name of each lady commissioner, and the State represented by her. We ask that you join with the gentlemen commissioners, before the opening of the Fair in 1892, and place this flag upon the staff which we are making from pieces of historical wood furnished by each commissioner, who will join with your Honor- able Body after the Fair, in presenting it to the United States as the standard flag of America and the World's Columbian Exposition, and we ask that it be carried at the head of the procession in October, 1892. We also desire to print on silk, in book form, the biography of each lady commissioner, with her portrait and autograph, also the history of the flag, all of which will be presented with the flag. We desire that each lady commissioner will furnish us a cut of her portrait, her biography, and autograph, so that we can have them printed in the manner above stated. We ask not a dollar from your Honorable Body. We do this in harmony with the object and best interests of the Columbian Exposition. Very respectfully, GEORGE S. KNAPP, and J. W. EDWARDS. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers accept the kind offer of these patriotic gentlemen, tendering to the ladies a flag and inviting them to furnish autographs and biographies, and, as many as may, cuts, in order that the memorial may be as inter- esting as possible. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and adopted. A very interesting and suggestive letter from Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, General Directress of the Woman's Department at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, was then read. 238 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That we take special action on the admirable letter of Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, and express our appreciation of its valuable suggestions and sympathy with our mutual work, in a vote of thanks and special letter. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, New York, and adopted. The following telegram was also read : [Copy.] NEW YORK, September 3, 1891. MRS. POTTER PALMER: Irish Committee have authorized me to make arrangements for Irish Women's exhibit. Shall I be able to see you and other ladies at Chicago, beginning of November ? Am here until Saturday, and next address^ Windsor Hotel, Montreal. LADY ABERDEEN, Plaza Hotel, New York. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, read a letter from President Thomas W. Palmer, in reply to her request to extend the time of the present session of the Board. The following resolution was offered by Mrs. Alexander Thomson, Maryland: Resolved, That this Board request the permission of the Com- mission to extend the time of their meeting until their important business is finished. Seconded by Mrs. Trautmann, New York. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following substitute: Resolved, That we ask permission of the Commissioners to extend the time of our session one or two days, if necessary, to finish our work. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and adopted. The Chair announced that the special order of business was the continuance of the reports on State work. The ladies from the remaining States, the District of Colum- bia, the Territories, and the city of Chicago, then made their reports. (See appendix). Minutes of Second Session. 239 Mrs Logan, District of Columbia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers desire to express with emphasis their appreciation and grateful thanks to the Washington Post, owned and edited by the Hons. Beriah Wilkins and Frank Hatton, for their effective and incessant work in the interest of the Columbian Commission, and the work of the Woman's Department, especially. Their columns have been open at all times for everything that any one wished to publish in behalf of the World's Fair, to which have always been added their personal efforts and appeals; all of which is hereby acknowl- edged with gratitude. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Albright, New Mexico, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Board thank most heartily the press of the whole country for their friendly advocacy of the World's Colum- bian Commission, and the Woman's Department especially. Seconded by Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, and adopted. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the ladies of the various State Boards present give a report of their efforts. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, and adopted. The following communication was received and read: CHICAGO, 111., September 7, 1891. MRS. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Commission. DEAR MRS. PALMER: I am directed by the World's Columbian Commission to inform you that the Commission has this day granted the request of the Board of Lady Managers to extend the time of their session for two days. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, JNO. T. DICKINSON, Secretary. The Board then adjourned to 2 p. M. 240 Board of Lady Managers. The Board re-assembled at 2 P. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. The Chair called for reports from members of State Boards who were present. Reports were then presented by Mrs. Edwards, Kansas City, Mo.; Mrs. Clark, Warrensburg; Mrs. Ballantine and Mrs. Alice Bradford Wiles of Illinois; Mrs. Pond, Michigan; Mrs. Winans, Wisconsin. A communication was read from the North American Review, requesting the ladies to sign blanks which would entitle them to have World's Fair literature published in that journal. Mrs. Mitchell, Kansas, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a memorial setting forth the importance of woman's work in the interest of the Columbian Exposition, and urging the appointment of women (including the Lady Mana- gers) upon the several State Boards, be sent by this body to the President of the various State organizations, without delay; and to the Governors of those States who have not as yet taken action. Seconded by Miss McCandless, and adopted. Miss Cunningham, South Carolina, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Committee on Classification consider the propriety of forming a committee on colonial affairs, consisting of one Lady Manager from each of the thirteen original States, with a view to a special colonial display. The Chair suggested to amend by adding that it be referred to the Classification Committee hereafter to be appointed. Miss Cunningham accepted the amendment. Seconded by Mrs. Linch, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That all irrelevant matter be eliminated from the Minutes of Second Session. 241 State reports before they are incorporated in a circular to be sent out to the States, and that a committee be appointed to prepare them for print. The Chair inquired Mrs. Barker's opinion as to the number of said committee. Mrs. Barker suggested a committee of three. The resolution, as amended, was seconded by Mrs. Reed, and adopted. The Chair then appointed Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Mitchell to serve on this committee. Mrs. Allen, Oregon, offered the following preamble and reso- lution: WHEREAS, The Committee on State Work recommended that there be organized in the various States World's Fair literary clubs for the study of American history, and such of the arts and sciences as will lead to a better understanding of the inventions, products, etc., which will be on exhibition at the World's Fair; and WHEREAS, It is thought desirable that a course of study be recommended to those who ask for guidance in the matter; and WHEREAS, Said course of study should be ready for use by the first of the coming October; and WHEREAS, The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle have selected their course of study for American year (1891-92) with great care, laying unusual emphasis on American subjects, on account of the interest which the approaching Columbian celebration has aroused; and WHEREAS, Said Chautauqua Circle has expressed a willing- ness to add to the course of reading for the year (1892-93) a vol- ume descriptive of the World's Fair and all its departments; and WHEREAS, By co-operating with the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle we will be able to bring our World's Fair mat- ters not only before our World's Fair clubs, but also before the fifty thousand Chautauqua students; and 242 Board of Lady Managers WHEREAS, Many people will be benefitted by being brought into a permanent club, where, possibly, they may continue to be students even after the World's Fair becomes a thing of the past; therefore be it Resolved, That we recommend to our World's Fair literary clubs the course of study used by the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. Seconded by Mrs. Carse, and adopted by a vote of 22 for, and 14 against, the resolution. The Chair stated that this proposition was suggestive and not binding on any State. Mrs. Torbert, Delaware, offered the following preamble and resolution: WHEREAS, It is essentially necessary that all available and proper methods should be devised and utilized to arouse interest among, and secure the earnest and cordial co-operation of all classes of our people, in each of the several features of the work of this Board, so that equal opportunities to participate should be afforded to all, and discrimination be made against none; and to the end that such methods shall be adopted in this behalf as will be likely to produce the most substantial and satis- factory results and best promote the interests to be subserved; therefore, Resolved, That the Executive Committee be, and is hereby directed, without delay, to communicate with the Boards of World's Fair Managers of the several States, asking the recom- mendation and suggestion of each, as to the most available methods to be employed in their respective States, and when these suggestions and recommendations shall have been received, the said Executive Committee shall thereupon determine upon, adopt, and inaugurate such agencies as shall be deemed most judicious in the light of such suggestions and recommendations. Seconded by Mrs. Ashley. On - motion of Mrs. Ryan, Texas, seconded by Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, the resolution of Mrs. Torbert was referred to a standing committee hereafter to be appointed. Minutes of Second Session. 243 Mrs. Lucas moved that a committee of three be appointed in accordance with the adopted resolution of Mrs. Mitchell. Seconded by Miss McCandless, and carried. The Chair appointed the following ladies to serve on said Committee: Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Lucas, Mrs. Carse. Mrs. Lynde then presented the following report of the Com- mittee on By-Laws: The Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations have had under consideration the resolution of Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, as to the expediency of amending the rule fixing the standing committees of this body, found on page thirty-eight of the Approved Official Minutes, and beg leave to report as follows: That the said rule and classification be stricken out and the following be inserted in lieu thereof: " There shall be a system of classification adapted to the needs of women, and standing committees be appointed in conformity therewith." (Signed) MRS. LYNDE. MRS. THATCHER. Miss IVES. MRS. BRIGGS. MRS. CANTRILL. MRS. HOUGHTON. Miss DAILEY. MRS. BRADWELL. Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas, moved the adoption of this report. After some discussion regarding classification, Mrs. Deane, California, moved the previous question, which was the adoption of the report of the Committee on By-Laws. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and carried. The Chair announced the presence of Colonel Elliott F. Shepard, of New York City, who made a short address on the subject of closing the Exposition on Sunday. 244 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, then stated that on the 2ist day of last November she offered a resolution found on page thirty- two of the Official Minutes of the Board of Lady Managers, which read as follows: Resolved, That it is the voice of this Woman's Board of the World's Columbian Exposition, that the honor of the American Sunday shall be preserved by the closing of the Exposition for barter and exchange on that day." Mrs. Lucas also added that this resolution, not having been adopted at the November session, she now wished to offer it again, striking out the words " for barter and exchange." The resolution as amended read as follows: Resolved, That it is the voice of this Woman's Board of the World's Columbian Exposition, that the honor of the American Sunday shall be preserved by the closing of the Exposition on that day. Seconded by Mrs. Carse. The Chair announced the presence of Miss Frances E. Wil- lard and Bishop Fowler, of California, both of whom addressed the Board on the question under consideration. Mrs. Carse offered a petition from members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and of churches in almost every State in the country, from India, and from South America, numbering 10,000 names. An animated and earnest discussion of the subject was held. The Chair then stated that the question recurred on Mrs. Lucas' resolution. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved the previous question. Seconded by Mrs. Albright. The previous question being moved and seconded by not less than ten Lady Managers, the question from the Chair then was : " Shall the main question be now put ? " Whereupon Mrs. Carse called for the yeas and nays, and the call being sustained by not Minutes of Second Session. 245 less than five Lady Managers, the roll was called upon the adop- tion of the resolution of Mrs. Lucas, and the said resolution was adopted by the following vote: YEAS Mrs. Lockwood, Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton, Miss Smith, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Ashley, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olm- stead, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Miller, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback, Miss Faulkner, Miss Payne, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. Frost, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone, Mrs. Rickard, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy, Miss Russell, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas, Miss Cun- ningham, Mrs. Brayton, Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Mason, Mrs. Cochran, Mrs. Cochrane, Mrs. Paul, Mrs. Miles, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse. NAYS Mrs. Verdenal, Mrs. Cantrill, Mrs. Bagley, Mrs. Ryan, Mrs. Deane, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker, Mrs. Gould, Miss Ball, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson, Miss Sears, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Hall, Mrs. Foley, Mrs. Busselle, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Trautmann, Miss Dailey, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Cooke, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Owings, Mrs. Houghton, Mrs. Linch, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell, Mrs. Bartlett, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, Mrs. Shattuck, Dr. Dickinson. On motion of Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, the report of the Executive Committee was made the special order of business for 10.30 A. M., Monday, September yth. The Board then adjourned to 10 A. M., Monday, September ;th. 246 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. Fifth Day, Monday, Sept. 7, 1891. The Board convened pursuant to adjournment, at 10 A. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Prayer by Mrs. Payton, Oregon. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal ; Ken- tucky, Mrs. Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood ; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley ; New York, Miss Ford ; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate ; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton ; Cali- fornia, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane ; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker ; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate ; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck ; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead ; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan ; Illinois, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Gould, alternate ; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball ; Iowa, Mrs. Clark, Miss Miller ; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback ; Kentucky, Miss Faulkner, Miss Payne; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare ; Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Minutes of Second Session. 247 Mrs. Stevens ; Maryland, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson ; Massa- chusetts, Mrs. Frost, Miss Sears, alternate ; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell ; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate ; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone ; Missouri, Miss Couzins ; Montana,'Mrs. Rickards ; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy ; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, alternate ; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall ; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens ; New York, Mrs. Trautmann ; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell ; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence ; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton ; Pennsylvania, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Lucas ; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey ; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate ; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker ; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke ; Texas, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Cochran ; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate ; Virginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul ; Washington, Mrs. Owings, Mrs. Houghton ; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson ; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde ; Wyoming, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell ; New Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett ; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles ; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse ; Mrs. Shattuck, alternate. The Journal of September 5th was read, and approved. By unanimous consent, the regular order of business was suspended for Mrs. Brayton, South Carolina, to present the 248 Board of Lady Managers. following memorial in memory of Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, South Carolina, deceased : WHEREAS, The dread messenger, death, on the i8th day of January, 1891, entered this Board and called hence our valued and beloved friend, Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, of Columbia, South Carolina, whom we lately saw in the full vigor of health, with a zeal for the cause in which we are engaged that gave promise of the highest usefulness ; and, WHEREAS, Under this dispensation of Providence, it is due that we should reverently pause in our proceedings to heed the admonitions which this first and unlocked for bereavement sug- gest ; and appropriate that we should give expression to our grief and appreciation of those traits of charactar which endeared her to us, and marked her as one who would be a prominent and most efficient co-worker in our undertaking ; therefore, be it Resolved, That we deeply mourn the death of our esteemed associate and dear friend, Mary Preston Darby, and will cherish her memory. Resolved, That in our short official intercourse we were impressed with the rare mental, moral, and social characteristics which distinguished her, and recalling her endowments and the energy and zeal evinced in our work, we feel our body has suffered a very great loss. Resolved, That we bear loving testimony to our appreciation of the truly noble way in which she met adversity, and, though known to us as one who had possessed every advantage of station and fortune, with acquired accomplishments supple- menting those inherited, we feel that she dignified womanhood by the way in which she trod the road from affluence to penury. Our knowledge of her trials, her uncomplaining and even joyous disposition, her pronounced interest in public works and char- ities, not less than her active sympathy and helpfulness for the needy, sick, and friendless, and the marked magnanimity and independence of her nature invoke our admiration and insure for her memory an abiding place in our hearts. Resolved, That this tribute to the memory of our departed colleague and friend be inscribed on our minutes, and a copy, Minutes of Second Session. 249 signed by the President and attested by the Secretary, be transmitted to her afflicted children. Mrs. Meredith moved that we accept, without debate, this memorial as a suitable expression from the Board. Seconded, and unanimously carried. Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, Chairman of the Committee on By-Laws, of which Mrs. Darby was a member, stated that the Committee indorsed the memorial. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, presented the following memorial in honor of Mrs. Mary Preston Darby: As one robin tells that winter goes and spring comes; one stroke to attuned ears, the master's touch; one harmonious strain the promise of the complete symphony; one smile of light that the storm is spent and calm pronounces her benediction; one blush of the morning that darkness dies and light lives; so, inferentially, we may reason that in times of great moment, a human being may, by word or deed, do what may faithfully index both the strength and fibre of the man or woman. We lay claim, therefore, to especial consideration for the memory of the late Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, of South Carolina, in that she did both gave a broad, pacific sentiment to our Board, and verified it a little later by an equally magnanimous deed. At our last November meeting, while brain was alert, feeling high, and nerve a-quiver, a voice was heard from a position afar off, saying, " Let us vote politics out in choosing our representa- tive officers." Is that flag of truce commonly found fluttering above similar voting and deliberative bodies ? Again, showing that she lived what she uttered, she put in nomination for the second position of dignity and trust on our honorable Board, the widow of a distinguished General, who, under the painful exigencies of war, deemed it necessary to lay waste her country and quarter his troops in her own home. Thus her handsome fortune and her lares et penates, so particularly dear to the woman's heart, were swept away. 250 Board of Lady Managers. Who could have been more .noble than this? If the sons of South Carolina, under their convictions of right, fired an historic gun so often and so sadly repeated till all the nations mourned is it not retributive justice, that after thirty years, in the first national body of women ever assembled by governmental sanc- tion, a daughter of South Carolina should strike the first note in the great paean of peace? We are pleased to bear personal witness that an alert instinct and discriminating judgment, that too often punctures the bubble to find the substance gone, that rigidly defines the delicate shad- ings between the mere acquaintance and the true friend, found in many subsequent confidential talks that she did nothing for effect, but everything from deep and sincere conviction. Any woman on this Board which must become historic for its brilliancy and should become even more illustrious for its lofty aims, noble purposes, and indestructible union knowing her as I came to know her in an all too brief time, must have felt honored, as I did, to admit her into the Holy of the Holies which every soul keeps somewhere secretly guarded by the twin angels, Love and Truth; and ask that her name be written in jewels upon the sacred archives. If credentials were demanded upon the threshold, the winged heralds of Intuition and Reason might advance and pro- claim so all the nations might hear, and shout till the heavens echoed and repeated to worlds beyond the range of vision and the flight of thought, "the highest man or woman could present; her vigilance never sleeps; her intelligence has mellowed into wisdom; her love has burst the boundaries of self, and grown till it shadows her country and humanity; she can be trusted, therefore, upon the most perilous out-posts of duty as well as in the most secret councils of the nation; and the doves, weary with their fruitless journeyings over the deluge of discord, have found her at last and crowned her with the olive of peace." None knew better than she how stood the women of her section, so unexpectedly called forth and anxious to keep step, yea, even in the advance guard, with the great march of progress and compete with organized talent, re-enforced by States and individuals with such plethoric purses that would seem to ears Minutes of Second Session. 251 so long unaccustomed to the click of coffered treasures like a story of the wonderful Magi a dream from Persia, or the spicy land of Araby the Blest. Yet none knew better than she, that could we again and here embody our ideals in speech and action before this body and the world, and follow them by a consistent conduct and convince many who know us not, that holding the loftiest conceptions and awaiting only occasion to reduce them to deed, we will tolerate no patronage, but demand peerage, and will accept none other even from the wisest, truest, and best in this or any other land we would have done very much for the unification of a people and the ultimate good of the World's Columbian Exposition, and for the good of America itself. Once being able to convince you of this and granted this entering wedge, we are willing to rest this matter, knowing that you and we shall have raised an invisible ladder, other than that of the old patriarch; and in the gold of day or the soft sheen of night, we have only to watch the angels ascend and descend on their loving ministry to all states, all races, and all peoples. And further, we know that after this great World's Columbian Exposition, wisely conducted, as it is being done, is over, we had but to glance from a refreshed earth to a prophetic heaven, to see all the prismatic colors of a new rainbow dissolve into celestial tints and shadings, so indescribably opaline one may become so lost in rapture as to become unconscious of where color dies and dreams and vision begin. In her name and ours, we beg that should one from our country now or ever come among you, who does not bear the marks I have here presented, you may know she is not our utter- ance, but is the spurious coin; and we are no more responsible than are the mints for the counterfeits that catch an honest public. But, Madam President, these latter remarks may be deemed unnecessary, but I think may be allowed for emphasis, since in lifting you as our ideal from the first, and holding you firmly on the aegis of our hearts, till all this Board, in the long ago, and all the world is fast recognizing, and we ourselves in a greater or less degree begin to realize that our highest embodied 17 252 Board of Lady Managers. dreams are shared alike by the best thought and feeling every- where; that the ladder has already been stretched and we have only to look to see and feel the tender ministry of healing angels. From a youth that had known luxury and ease, from princely possessions, possibly nowhere exceeded and rarely equaled in this country, and in no foreign land except among the favored few, she became in her latter years a practical bread-winner, and of that class which in responsibility and influence equals the clergy; and fitly a teacher. To her honor be it said that she accepted the situation grandly, honored her work by doing it well, and it honored her by giving back in part that for which she labored. Though speaking many tongues, she had best learned the universal language of justice, mercy, and magnanimity. Again, she has yet another claim to our hearty respect and commendation. Though educated and traveled, a long resi- dent in foreign lands, she was not that nameless monstrosity an alienated American. To such a nature naturally belongs loyal allegiance to a country and people where all women should be queens by right of chivalry, and all men kings by right of sovereignty. But nature makes no mistakes; to the intensely believing there are no accidents. Life is a training school graded it may be and when the lesson is once learned, advancement becomes imperative, because of the economy and justice of the natural law of evolution. Let us who admit in death no victor, but an emancipator, an iconoclast of matter only that spirit may rise triumphant, though in an unseen world, which only that peculiarly feminine organ of the higher vision faith can yet penetrate, say not with bated breath with the stolid agnostic, " She is dead; " but rather with the hope-illumined Christian, " She is not dead," no more than truth, love, and goodness shall ever die. These character- istics we have faithfully pictured and presented, stamp the woman. She has already learned what all of us must before our earthly journey is over, and no soul could have more fitly joined m that exquisite lyric of the angels : Minutes of Second Session. 253 ' ' Love is the sunlight of peace, Age by age to increase, Till anger and hatred are dead, And sorrow and death shall cease. 'Peace on earth, and good-will,' Souls that are gentle and still, Catch the first music of this Far off infinite bliss." Here and to-day, would it not be well for us to build in our tributes to her memory a noble and imperishable monument, choosing, as is most natural in eclectic Americanism, the fitting and beautiful in this and other lands ? In so doing, let us observe the sacredly mystic Trinity, select- ing first the weeping willow bending its whole sympathetic body to the earth to symbolize our sorrow that she walks no more among us; again* the palmetto of her own beloved State, which through all the seasons and all the ages shall wave its plumy foliage to speak her victory over sin and death; and last, let us transplant from the shifting sands of Arabia the noble Lom- bard poplar, whose unyielding trunk, all its symmetrical branches, and every quivering leaf point upward to God and Heaven. And shall we not raise an imperishable tablet as well ? For a moment let us turn our eyes toward where she rests, lulled by the perpetual requiem of old ocean; glance downward to a single spot in a sister State somewhere in her beloved South. There amid perpetual bloom and the love-songs of birds lies one who went, as was her wish, in the budding, scented promise of the spring-time. So perfected in mind, heart, and body, she was the doubly crowned queen of the hearts of men and women; yet, she was the bride only of heaven. It was said of her that disease touched her not; that the angels grew envious and took her away. Above her snowy casket, sheeted with maiden ferns, the rested doves came and sprinkled valley-lilies; and one, more tenderly persistent than the rest, lifted one spray into his beak and lingered, fluttering above her heart to chime the song of the bird, the flower, and of womanhood: "Bear a lily in thy hand, Gates of brass can not withstand One touch of thy magic hand." 264 Board of Lady Managers. The breast of this real dove who clung fitly to the dove- maiden, shadowed a sentence so far as we know never used in Gentile America before; yet it was borrowed from that poetic thought and speech of a people beside whose history all records of the earth pale a people who, through all their errors and wanderings in their darkest history, were kept steady and cou- rageous through the doubt of day and the despair of night by the Visible-Illumined Presence of God; yet a hunted and despised race in almost every land and every clime except in our own match- less country, which from its birth of freedom and baptism of blood and fire, has welcomed at its wide open doors honest, conscientious persistence and tireless thrift, and spread before them for choice her teeming cities, the rich treasure-store, and unpreSmpted acres of her forbidding yet inspiring mountains and inviting valleys. So from Israel we borrow and inscribe upon our tablet only this: MARY PRESTON DARBY RECEIVED THE " Kiss OF GOD," January Twentieth, Eighteen Hundred and Ninety-one. Bend you every ear to the vocal silence; the south wind breathes a fragrant whisper; the swaying grasses of the far western prairies nod their understanding and acceptance, and bid their mountains echo the message to the hoarse pines of the north the last interprets the wordless song above the ceaseless din of her teeming millions. Let humility bend low and expectancy raise her dull eye and open her glad ear; a glorious celestial quartette is interpreting this prayer of nature and prophetic hope of men; there is the basso-profundo of man and the answering contralto of woman the religious twins of song; the pleading and pathetic appeals of the tenor, soothed and uplighted by the responsive, glorified soprano the love twins of earthly passion and heavenly long- ing. This is wRat we hear: " Peace beginning to be, Deep as the blue of the sea When stars their faces glass On the blue tranquillity; Hearts of men upon earth Never once still from their birth, To rest as the wild waters rest, \Vith the colors of heaven on their breast." Minutes of Second Session. 255 Give ear; the music of speech and voice is dying in the arms of the music of silence the tenor and soprano only are heard; in the duet there is a change again, but no dissolution; the desires of earth find blissful rebirth in heavenly reunion. There is a solo 'tis the soprano: " Peace be unto you. My peace I leave with you Even unto the end." A new day is born; our sombre badge of sorrow is lightened by the roseate veil of hopeful love; we must turn from this hallowed ground to the commonplace duties of life, where we must linger to work and wait, to reduce theory to practice, undying faith to noble deeds; to sow generously now, that those who come after may reap an unstinted harvest of plenteous good. Mrs. Houghton, Washington, presented the following memorial in honor of Mrs. Darby: There is a touch of pathos in doing even the simplest thing for the last time; and how inexpressibly tender are our hearts, as we touch upon the memory of her who was with us, bright and happy, one short year ago. There is cause for sorrow, but not for mourning, that she has passed on to the beyond; her life, perhaps, had not formed so large a circle of experience, of glory or of greatness as many, but few lives have been more pure and perfect, according to their measure, than was hers; faithful and true in her loves, generous, loving and just to her friends, loyal, steadfast and devoted to her convictions, I think it can be fairly said her life was a successful one; and not many can close their eyes with less cause for remorse or more pleasant things to remember than she. Many are in some degree better and stronger because of her, and not one, living or dead, is worse or weaker for her having lived. Thus, with kindly thoughts and grateful, loving memory, let us bid this friend and sister an affectionate good-bye, and rekindling the flame of childhood's faith by its light and warmth, clearly see and feel the hope that surely somewhere, under clear skies and bright sunshine, we shall receive her kindly greeting and look again into her welcoming eyes. 266 Board of Lady Managers. And now, in behalf of the great Northwest, I am proud to bring this tribute and drop it into thechaplet that wreathes itself, fresh and pure, around her memory. On motion of Mrs. Logan the Board proceeded to the reg- ular order of business. Mrs. Brayton, South Carolina, moved that the report of the Executive Committee be approved. Seconded. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved as an amendment that that portion relating to the secretaryship be permanently left on the table. The motion to amend prevailed. Mrs. Barker called for the reading of the report of the Com- mittee, which was read, omitting the part included between the middle of pages 9 and 26. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, then read her disapproval of the action of the Board of Control as contained in Article I. of this report. Considerable discussion followed. Mrs. Eagle moved the previous question, which was sec- onded. Mrs. Meredith then closed the debate on her report from the Executive Committee. The main question was ordered, that being Mrs. Brayton's resolution that the report of the Executive Committee be ap- proved. Seconded and carried. On motion the Board adjourned to 2 p. M. The Board re-assembled at 2 p. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Communications were read from Ursula M. Bright, in regard to the legal position of women in England ; also from the society of American Federation of Labor, and the Illinois Woman's Alliance. Minnies of Second Session. 257 Mrs. Reed, Maryland, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a special committee of three be appointed to meet and confer with the World's Columbian Commission, as to the advisability of reconsidering that part of Article V. of the resolutions defining the powers, etc., of the Board of Lady Mana- gers, conferring upon the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers the power to amend the By-Laws of the said Board. Seconded by Mrs. Carse and adopted. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, moved that the remarks made by all the different members upon the death of Mrs. Darby, be entered upon the minutes of the Board, and a copy of the same sent to the family of the deceased. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a special committee of seven be appointed, who shall have charge of arranging for congresses to be held in the Woman's Building during the Fair. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a special committee of seven be appointed, who shall have charge of arranging for music to be performed by women in the Woman's Building, during the Fair. Seconded by Mrs. Edgerton and adopted. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed on class- ification, with instruction to report to this body before the adjournment of the session, such standing committees as they deem expedient. Seconded by Mrs. Edgerton and adopted. The Chair announced the following committee on Mrs. Reed's resolution: Mrs. Deane, California; Mrs. Stevens, New Jersey; Mrs. Stone, Mississippi. By unanimous consent the committee was excused to com- municate with the Commission. 258 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas, offered the following resolution: Jtesolved, That in courtesy to the Commissioners who have so kindly extended our time two days in excess of the five days allotted us, we expedite business as quickly as possible, and thereby show to the people as well as to the Commissioners our disposition to practice economy of time and money. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle and adopted. Miss Ford, New York, presented an outline of a plan of work for the Board of Lady Managers, and moved it be recorded and printed. Mrs. Margaret B. Sullivan, of Chicago, and Miss Josephine Nichols, of Indiana, being present, by unanimous consent were invited to address the Board. Mrs. Mason, Tennessee, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to bring before this meeting definite plans and instructions as to what we shall do when we return to our respective States, and that Miss Ford's paper be referred to said committee. Seconded. Mrs. Allen, Oregon, moved to amend by adding " and all future communications on the subject, be referred to the same Committee." Amendment seconded. Mrs. Mason accepted the amendment, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Mrs. Logan presented a petition from the colored people of Illinois, and moved that it be referred to the different State and Territorial Boards, and also the Board of the District of Columbia. Seconded. Mrs. Paul, Virginia, offered the following substitute: JResotved, That the work of arousing interest in each of the several States and Territories, and the District of Columbia, among the colored people, and the best methods to be adopted Minutes of Second Session. 259 and pursued therein be, and the same are hereby expressly referred to the Lady Managers and their alternates in each State, Territory, and District of Columbia, who shall, after consultation with the World's Fair Board thereof, be invested with full power to act, and shall make reports from time to time, of the progress of their work, to the President of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded. After discussion, the previous question was moved and seconded, which was upon Mrs. Paul's substitute to Mrs. Logan's motion. The question was put by the Chair and carried. The Chair appointed the following Committee on Classifica- tion: Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Angell, Mrs. Frost, Mrs. Verdenal, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Felton. By unanimous consent the communication from the American Federation of Labor was re-read. Miss Ford moved that this letter from Mr. Gomper's (President of this Federation) be referred to the Committee on State work. Seconded by Dr. Dickinson and carried. Mrs. Mitchell, Kansas, presented the following report of the committee appointed to prepare a memorial to be sent to the Presidents of State Boards. CHICAGO, September 7, 1891. At the meeting of the Ladies' Board of the World's Colum- bian Exposition, held in Chicago, a full report of the work done by the several States, and their attitude towards this great enter- prise was made by the National Commissioners to that body. The animus of this most exhaustive and interesting report was one of general interest and co-operation; general, but not universal, for in it we discover several of the States have not recognized their national Lady Commissioners, and have not 260 Board of Lady Managers. made any effort by appropriations, to enable their States to take a representative position with their sister States at this great Exposition of the world's industries; and being in hearty sym- pathy with our sisters from all the States and Territories, and aiming for a complete and exhaustive expression of all the national wealth and products of our great country, and the pro- gress of the women in their many valued lines of reform, as an expression of the voice of this body ; be it, therefore, Resolved, That a memorial setting forth the importance of woman's work in the interest of the Columbian Exposition, and urging the appointment of women, including the Lady Managers, upon the several State Boards, be sent by this body to the Pres- idents of the various State organizations, without delay, and to the Governors of those States and Territories where no appro- priations have been made, giving them power and means to take their position with those more favored Commissioners whose States have thus honored them. MRS. ROBERT B. MITCHELL, MRS. JOHN LUCAS, MATILDA B. CARSE. Miss Ives, Connecticut, offered the following resolution: In view of the fact that 109 designs for seals have been sub- mitted, and that there is such variety of material and subject, be it Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to select the seven best designs to be sent to Mr. St. Gaudens for his decision as to the best. The six designs which do not receive the prize to receive honorable mention. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle. Miss Cunningham, South Carolina, moved to amend by changing the number of the committee to seven, instead of three. Amendment seconded. Miss Ives accepted the amendment, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Minutes of Second Session. 261 Mrs. Hooker moved to re-consider the resolution of Miss Ives. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Hooker then offered the following resolution: Resolved, That after this committee have selected seven of the best designs, that those designs shall be presented to the Board of Lady Managers, and those that they like best shall be sent to Mr. St. Gaudens, for his decision. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Deane, California, presented the report of the committee appointed to confer with the Commission. On presenting a request to the Chairman of the National Commission, he at once appointed a committee, but stated that the Commission at that time were in the discussion of a very important question, and two of the gentlemen appointed on said committee were leading the debate, and found it inconvenient to leave at that time. He, therefore, requested that the ladies of the committee meet the gentlemen at the Palmer House that evening, at 7:30. On motion the report was accepted. Mrs. Lucas, Pennsylvania, made some very interesting remarks on the subject of silk-culture, and stated that she desired a full exhibit should be made of this industry. Mrs. Hooker suggested that Mrs. Lucas formulate a motion to this effect to be presented the following day, to which Mrs. Lucas assented. The Chair appointed the following committee on the selection of designs for the seal: Miss Ives, Mrs. Wilson, Miss Jackson, Miss Miller, Mrs. Albright, Miss Smith, Miss Lovell. On motion the Board adjourned to 10 A. M. Tuesday, Sep- tember 8th. 262 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. Sixth Day, Tuesday, Sept. 8, 1891. The Board convened at 10 A. M., Mrs. President Palmer pre- siding. Prayer by Mrs. Hooker. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS- AT-LARGE. Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley; New York, Miss Ford; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton; California, Mrs. Rue; Colorada, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan; Illinois, Mrs. Gould, alternate; Indiana, Mrs. Mere- dith, Miss Ball, alternate; Iowa, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback; Kentucky, Miss Payne; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare; Maine, Mrs Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens; Maryland, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. Thomson; Massachusetts, Mrs. Frost, Miss Sears, alternate; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Minutes of Second Session. 263 Stone; Montana, Mrs. Rickards; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, alternate; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens; New York, Mrs. Trautmann; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Peyton; Pennsylvania, Miss McCandless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker; Tennessee, Mrs. Mason, Mrs. Cooke; Texas, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Cochran; Vermont, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Cochrane, alternate; Virginia, Mrs. Wise, Mrs. Paul; Washington, Mrs. O wings, Mrs. Houghton; West Virginia, Mrs. Linch, Miss Jackson; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde; Wyoming, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell; New Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett; Oklahoma, Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse; Mrs. Shattuck, Mrs. Meyers, alternates. Mrs. Barker asked to be excused from the Committee on Classification. Her request was granted. The Journal of the preceding day was read and approved. Mrs. Barker, Chairman of the Committee to Prepare State Reports, requested that all reports be sent in at once, in order that the Committee might complete their work. Mrs. Deane, California, stated that her Committee had con- 264 Board of Lady Managers. ferred with the Committee from the Commission, who requested further time. Mrs. Cantrill, as a committee of one on the Executive Com- mittee in the interest of the negroes, requested further time, and asked that her report be made a special order for some hour the following day. Mrs. Gould, Illinois, as the committee of one appointed to confer with Chief Fearn in regard to a sum of money to sustain our ladies abroad, stated that she had been informed she must confer with the Secretary of the Treasury, or with the President, or Director-General of the Commission. Miss Ford moved that Mrs. Gould be made a committee of one to confer with the Director-General, or other officers, and have a telegram sent to the Secretary of the Treasury, asking if we may still use such portion of the $20,000 as we may need to send a delegation abroad. Seconded and carried. By unanimous consent, Mrs. Gould was excused from the meeting in order to act upon this matter. The Chair appointed Mrs. Mason, Mrs. Hooker, and Mrs. Gould, a Committee on State Work. Mrs. Hooker was subse- quently excused from serving on this committee, and Dr. Frances Dickinson appointed in her place. Mrs. Howes, Michigan, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this Board acknowledge their appreciation of the work done by Miss Hayden in designing the Woman's Building; therefore, Resolved, That a committee be hereafter appointed by our President to secure a proper testimonial to be presented to her. Mrs. Howes moved the adoption of this resolution. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Howes stated that as the whole world will be interested in the architect of the building, she recommended that a bust of Miss Hayden be placed therein. Minutes of Second Session. 265 Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That when we adjourn this morning, we adjourn to meet in executive session at 2 o'clock. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Thatcher offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we, the Board of Lady Managers, desire to express our sincere appreciation of the generous powers con- ferred upon our Board by the Commission and its authorized committees, giving, in the words of our President, " a fullness of power and an amplitude of scope we had not dared to hope for," and we deprecate any effort to misconstrue or censure their generous action. Seconded and unanimously adopted. Mrs. Angell moved that we have a Sergeant-at-arms, and that Miss Busselle be appointed to that office. Seconded and unanimously carried. Mrs. Cantrill offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the ladies of the Board of Lady Managers be invited in informal committee of the whole to meet in Parlor O, Palmer House, at 8 p. M., to give their views upon a suitable national flower. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers assist our Pres- ident in observing and maintaining the rules of order passed by the Board, especially that one that provides that no member shall speak twice on the same subject. Seconded and adopted. Miss Cunningham, South Carolina, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That Mrs. Thatcher's resolution DC put in writing and sent to the Commission before its adjournment. Seconded and adopted. 266 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Lucas offered the following preamble and resolution, which was presented by Miss Beck: WHEREAS, The Report from the Woman's Silk Culture Asso- ciation has been received with much interest by this Ladies' Board of the World's Columbian Exposition, and it has been shown that the work has been retarded by the failure of Congress to con- tinue its support; be it therefore Resolved, That we offer this earnest appeal to Congress in behalf of this effort to introduce a new national industry among the agriculturists of our broad land, praying that they will, by their favorable action, continue to urge and encourage this effort of " women in behalf of women," and for the introduction of a great national industry. On motion of Miss Ford the resolution was laid on the table. Mrs. Trautmann moved that this body have a badge known as the badge of the Board of Lady Managers and their alternates. Seconded. Mrs. Verdenal moved to amend by adding that each member pay for her own badge. Amendment accepted, and the resolution as amended was adopted. Mrs. Trautmann re-stated her resolution as follows: That we have a badge designed for the Board of Lady Man- agers, each to purchase her own badge. Mrs. Meredith offered the following substitute: Resolved, That a committee be appointed to select a design suitable for a badge for the members of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Bartlett moved that we ask for information in regard to the uses of the Woman's Building. Seconded. Minutes of Second Session. 267 Mrs. Barker offered the following substitute: Resolved, That we now proceed to consider, one by one, the suggestions and recommendations of our President, as made in her annual address. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that these suggestions be con- sidered in their regular order, as put on the tabulated statement furnished. Seconded and carried. The first suggestion was read as follows: " What is to go in the Woman's Building? " At the suggestion of Mrs. Trautmann, New York, Mrs. Bur- leigh, Maine, took the chair, and Mrs. Palmer gave her views in regard to the uses of the Woman's Building, as follows: MRS. PALMER'S REMARKS WITH REFERENCE TO THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. LADIES : When I applied to the Directors for a building for women, it was imperative that some definite suggestions be pre- sented to them. They required that we inform them exactly what space we wanted, and how we proposed to use it. I there- fore hastily made some suggestions, which, of course, will be revised by you. That is only one-half of the ground plan (referring to plans), and I am afraid you will not understand it. This is the vestibule leading into the main gallery, which is about 240 feet long and 66 feet wide. In this gallery it is proposed that we have a special exhibit of the most brilliant things that women have done, not necessarily the best painting of every artist in every State in the country, or from the best painter of every State, unless she has reached the highest standard of excellence. We should have only brilliant work in this very small space which is reserved for the special exhibit of the greatest achievements of women. We decided at our first meeting that there should be no separate exhibit of women's work ; that was the only decision 18 268 Board of Lady Managers. we arrived at. It has since been thought by many that it would be very uninteresting to have a Woman's Building which con- tained no exhibit whatever ; neither do we wish to have an aggregation of unimportant objects, so that persons going through the grounds would say, " Don't go into the Woman's Building ; there is nothing there worth seeing." The decision to have a special exhibit in the Woman's Build- ing gives a fine opportunity of emphasizing the most creditable achievements of women. Although we may be able, by some device, to indicate women's work in the main buildings, still, persons going through them may not notice this device ; it is therefore proposed, where there is anything of such extreme excellence that we, as a sex, feel proud of it, that we have a duplicate of it, or another piece of work from the same hand, in the Woman's Building, in order to call attention to the fact that it is the work of woman. But we want to keep this exhibit very choice. We must keep the standard up to the highest point. No sentimental sympathy for women should cause us to admit second-rate things into this gallery. The State Boards should suggest to our Board articles which they deem of sufficient importance and value to go into the Woman's Building. Our foreign committees can also be requested to make the same suggestions, and I am sure they will be pleased to do so. I would also say, however, that we think, in this case, we should submit these various articles pro- posed to a competent tribunal of experts, probably not of our own body, because each lady would be so partial to her own State, that she would be, to a certain extent, prejudiced in its favor. Mrs. TRAUTMANN : May I ask about the duplicate. Is that duplicate to go into the competitive building ? Mrs. PALMER : The work done by women will probably be entered for competition in the general buildings. We can invite those contributors whose work seems most meritorious to send a contribution also to the Woman's Building. We have never decided that the exhibit in the Woman's Building shall not be for competition ; that question is yet to be decided by our Board. It would seem to be undesirable, because so many of the women Minutes of Second Session. 269 who wish to enter into competition prefer to go into the general classification ; they feel that their work would be at a disadvan- tage and forgotten by the jury, if placed so far away from the general exhibit of articles belonging to the same class. Mrs. BARKER: I merely rise to ask the question if this Board has a right to decide whether they can make an exhibit in the Building competitive. The instruction of the Commission is that no display in a State Building can be competitive. Would that allow it to be competitive in ours? Mrs. PALMER: The Commission has given us absolute con- trol of our Building, and we can make all decisions about it. Miss DICKINSON: It seems to me that the word " duplicate" is unfortunate, because if a sculptor has something that she puts in for competition, she may or may not wish to duplicate that in endeavoring to display her finest work in the Woman's Building. Mrs. PALMER: I think we should not require them to do that; we should simply ask them for their best work. Mrs. ANGELL: Is it not a fact that if any article of woman's work is found in the Woman's Building, does not the very fact of its being there establish its claim to the highest merit? Mrs. PALMER: It has been suggested that the standard be kept so high that admission to the Woman's Building will be considered equivalent to a premium. Ladies, I think we had gotten into the main gallery. It was proposed that the small rooms, into which the front and rear of the central portion are divided, should be used for model kindergar- tens, model hospitals, and to show all the institutions that women wish to represent. It is very desirable that this be discussed here, because we do not know whether the different States want to take part in showing their kindergartens and other institu- tions. I think it was understood that Bellevue Hospital, of New York, the mother training-school for nurses, would take charge of our exhibit of trained nurses, and that the other training- schools would, each in turn, show their special systems. It was expected, also, that the Chicago kindergartens would unite in showing their systems, and each have possession for a specified time of the kindergarten room in our Building. I do not know whether an exhibit of kindergartens could be made from other 270 Board of Lady Managers. States; whether you would think it necessary to send your pupils, as well as your teachers, which would entail great expense. It was proposed, also, that one room be devoted to a library of books written by women, and that in this connection we should try to show how for many years women wrote nothing at all; then commenced novel- writing and story-telling, thus showing their imagination and fancy; arid later, when education came to them, how they became, gradually, authorities upon the exact sciences, art, and philosophy. We hope to show what a thin, long line it was during many centuries, and how it has rapidly broadened out in a magnificent way since education has opened the door to almost every department of science and art. It is intended that we have a Bureau of Information, where guides can be furnished, and also interpreters for those who do not speak our language. It will doubtless prove useful to train a number of women as guides to take people over the Exposition grounds, and the city as well. A number of women can thus be given an opportunity of paying their expenses during the Expo- sition, and perhaps of earning a handsome sum. There are a great many school teachers who would be glad to come here, make themselves familiar with the Exposition grounds and buildings, and act as interpreters and guides. That department will adjoin the vestibule, where it will be convenient and accessible. It was also suggested that one wing of our building be used for the exhibition of benevolent institutions of women, in which will be shown all the charities and beautiful philanthropies insti- tuted and carried on by them ; and, in case we have no better use for the other wing, that we use it for a Colonial and histor- ical exhibit of all the beautiful objects associated with the early history of our country, and the many artistic products that have been developed in the past by the taste of women, such as beau- tiful lace, old silver, old jewels and fans, antique costumes and everything of that nature. We have not, in our country, a very important museum. The Metropolitan Museum in New York is perhaps the most complete, but few designers have access to that. Of course nothing has since equaled the work during the great Fifteenth Minutes of Second Session. 271 century, and American artisans have no opportunity of securing the education that results from seeing what has been done during the best eras. The most useful thing we could do would be to bring from abroad, and from our own museums and private collections, an exhibit of the beautiful work which they could not otherwise see. If we show old lace and I think in nothing is the designing so beautiful as in old lace we will have flowing scrolls and arabesques from which the artisans can receive valuable sugges- tions. This exhibit will be interesting to the general visitor, because we all love to see beautiful things ; but I speak now especially of the benefit to the artisans and designers. Such an exhibit is not contemplated by the Commission at all, so that it would be unique in our building. The second story, it was supposed, would be devoted, in the central part of the building, front and rear, to ladies' parlors. There is a suite of parlors planned, with balconies opening from them, for the use of visitors, but it now seems that we will have so great a demand for space that we ought not to give up so much of it for parlors, especially as we have added the roof garden, which will make a charming open-air sitting room. Many plans have been suggested from time to time ; for instance, an exhibit in our Building of the modern work of our Indian women, in case it does not seem to belong in the ethno- logical exhibit or in a competitive exhibit. It has been sug- gested, also, that we have a room devoted to demonstration lessons in cooking. We have heard frequently that dyspepsia is a national disease, and that there are no people who cook so badly as Americans. Foreign critics claim that they can take second-rate materials and prepare dishes both palatable and nutritious, while we use lavishly the best materials, and, by our poor cooking, destroy their nourishing qualities. It seems desirable that we should learn from other countries, and that this is a fine opportunity for a comparison of methods. I have a very interesting letter from Prof. Lucy Salmon on this subject, in which she suggests that we put this kitchen at the disposal of scientists, so that cook- ing can be represented in a scientific manner in the Woman's Department. 272 Board of Lady Managers. We have in the second story a very large assembly room, capable of seating 1,700 people. This will hold such gatherings as we may wish to bring together. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe has said that one of the most useful features introduced by women at the New Orleans Exposition was the fifteen minute or half- hour talks given in the morning, before the buildings were crowded. The ladies met in one room, or went to a department where some expert wished to call attention to his specialty, and these half-hour addresses were found to be of the greatest interest and value to all who heard them. Of course a great many of such "talks " will be given in our building, as well as many lectures from prominent men and women who chance to be in the city. We have also an administration room, on the second floor, and space for several committee rooms, in case they prove to be necessary; also a number of committee rooms on the third floor. It has been suggested that the press-women of the country have a room for headquarters in our building. I should think this a very proper thing. A great many journalists will come here from all parts of the country, and we want to welcome them, and give them a quiet place to work and to rest. It will certainly be to our interest to make them comfortable. It has been suggested, also, that we give a room for head- quarters to many of the large organizations of women. I think you will have to consider this point very carefully before making a decision. We have about eight rooms in the third story which can be used in any way that you desire, either as committee rooms or headquarters for organizations, or for the press; and then, in addition, we have our roof garden. I forgot to mention that the suggestion has been made, in case we decide to try to bring large bodies of exhibitors here, that we provide a club room for them, for social headquarters. We would naturally bring together at one time those who are interested in the same subjects, as they would then be congenial and sym- pathetic. On being asked to explain her idea in regard to Section 10 of her recommendations, Mrs. Palmer said: We have had applications from women all over the country Minutes of Second Session. 273 ever since our Board was organized, asking what they could do to help in the work. Of course we can scarcely assign to auxiliary bodies the duties that devolve upon us by the Act of Congress, or by the prescription of the -Commission, but it does seem that there are many subordinate kinds of work in which we could em- ploy those who are anxious to help us. For instance, in bringing exhibitors here. Many of these inquiries are from trained women who take a deep interest in the cause of women, and who offer to put their time and abilities at our disposal. Of course the more women we have working for us, the greater will be the interest and enthusiasm aroused, and it seems that we ought to find something for all women to do who are anxious to help us. It is very hard to have to say: " We do not need you; we can give you no work." Speaking of the competitive exhibits in the various buildings, Mrs. Palmer said: You can readily understand that as soon as possible, after the grounds had been selected, the Director-General had applications for space from all the States, and they proposed having almost all their exhibits in their State buildings. This would produce an unfortunate result at the time of the Fair, as it would really be equivalent to having a number of State fairs, leaving very little in the building for general competition. The Directors and Commission, therefore, united in deciding that that policy must be abandoned, and that no objects would be exposed in State buildings that were manufactured, except such as were necessary for the decoration of the building. The States are allowed to place only their natural products and raw materials in the State buildings. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the stenographic report of the President's remarks be printed and given to each member. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, and adopted. Mrs. Palmer resumed the chair. Mrs. Verdenal, New York, moved to leave the entire matter pertaining to the Woman's Building to the President. 274 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Palmer declined to accept this responsibility, and Mrs. Reed offered the following resolution: Resolved, That our President appoint a committee, the num- ber to be decided by her at some future time, to take charge of all arrangements belonging to the Woman's Building. Seconded and adopted. The second suggestion was read as follows: "That the classification be re-arranged to meet the needs and wishes of the ladies." Mrs. Eagle stated that this had been provided for. The third suggestion was read as follows: " That a prospectus be prepared stating fully the plans and policy of the Board of Lady Managers, which shall be sent to every State, and to foreign countries, and be given wide publicity in the press." Mrs. Reed, Maryland, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee be appointed to prepare a pro- spectus setting forth the plans and policy of the Board of Lady Managers, the members to be appointed by the president. Seconded and adopted. The fourth suggestion was read as follows: " Does the Board approve of the President's suggestion that committees of women be fornred in the various foreign countries to be auxiliary to the Board of Lady Managers, and to cooperate with us in our work?" Mrs. Thatcher, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the suggestions made by the President in reference to committees of women to be formed in foreign countries be adopted. Seconded and adopted. The fifth suggestion was read as follows: " Presentation of plans and an official appeal to the Legis- latures that have not yet acted." Minutes of Second Session. 275 This having been provided for, the sixth suggestion was read as follows: " In order to insure variety and originality in the exhibits installed by women, it is suggested that the Board of Lady Man- agers issue a strong appeal to industrial women all over the country, and also to manufacturers employing women, encour- aging the former to do their best in the exercise of their inge- nuity, skill, and taste, and asking the latter to see that every opportunity is given them for so doing." Mrs. Barker moved that this be referred to the. Executive Committee and referred to the Board for approval. Seconded and carrried. The seventh suggestion was read, as follows: " In case we find no woman competent to serve on juries of award, what shall be done? " Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that this be left to the discre- tion of the respective committees that have this under consideration. Seconded and carried. The eighth suggestion was read, as follows: " There have been submitted competitive designs for the official seal of this Board. It will be necessary that a committee be appointed to examine these and make a report." This section having been provided for, the ninth suggestion was read, as follows: " That a testimonial to Miss Hayden, the architect of the Woman's Building, be prepared, which shall be of a permanent character." This having been provided for, no further action was taken. The tenth suggestion was read, as follows: "That auxiliary work be devised, not connected with the duties assigned to us by Congress or the Commission, in which the numerous applicants who offer to put their time and ability at our disposal, may be employed." 276 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that this be referred to a special committee to be appointed by the President, the number to be left to her discretion. Seconded. Miss Minor, Louisiana, offered the following resolution as a substitute: Resolved, That all auxiliary work done by persons desiring to assist the Board of Lady Managers will be put in charge of the Lady Managers of the respective States, and be done under their supervision.- On motion of Mrs. Hooker, that this subject be reconsidered in the future, the resolution and substitute were laid on the table. The eleventh suggestion was read, as follows: "We recommend our representatives to organize committees in those States where there are no women recognized on the State Boards." This section having also been provided for, no action was taken. Mrs. Deane, California, moved that this Board give direction as to what position the Lady Managers would take in a State where a sub-committee was formed by the State Commission in doing the State work whether they would have any right of precedence or dictation. Seconded. This question was discussed by Mrs. Houghton, Washington. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that Mrs. Deane's motion be tabled. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Gould, Illinois, then read the following report: Your committee appointed to confer with Director-General Davis upon the subject of sending our representatives abroad, has the following information to offer: Funds from the sum of $20,000 known to us, are available for the use of representatives appointed by the Secretary of the Minutes of Second Session. 277 Treasury, of whom there are now in Europe, three or four gentlemen acting in that capacity. I am informed that any recommendation for such appointments of women, made by Mrs. Palmer, would, without doubt, receive ratification from the Secretary of the Treasury, and the fund would be thus open to our use. I am also further informed, that whatever assistance might be given our President in this matter will be most cheerfully accorded by Director-General Davis. MARCIA LOUISE GOULD, Committee. Mrs. Hooker moved that a committee be appointed to con- sider the very welcome communication from the Director-General, and act upon it. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Lynde asked permission to have a communication read from the Commission regarding Professor de Guerville. Her request being granted, Mrs. Ginty, Wisconsin, offered the fol- lowing resolution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers heartily endorse the action of Mr. Walker Fearn, Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs; Mark McDonald, of California; M. B. Harrison, of the Board of Control, and of Commissioner O. V. Tousley, in granting official recognition to Monsieur de Guerville. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Hooker moved that all additional information given by the President in regard to the Woman's Building be printed with her former remarks. Seconded and carried. On motion the Board adjourned to 2 p. M. The Board assembled in Executive Session at 2 p. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. 278 Board of Lady Managers. Dr. Frances Dickinson, Chicago, presented the following communication, which was read : To the President and Members of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition : LADIES : You have allowed to be read to you, and have put in print a report of a committee of your body, in which report serious charges are made against me. I now ask a hearing before you. Respectfully, PHOEBE W. COUZINS. Miss Minor, Louisiana, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That this communication be laid upon the table. Seconded by Mrs. Thatcher and adopted. Dr. Dickinson called for the ayes and noes on the question. A rising vote was taken with the following result : 61 for the resolution and 9 against. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, moved to take this from the table. Seconded by Dr. Dickinson. Motion put and lost. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, rose to a question of privilege, and stated that as the hall was engaged for the afternoon of the following day, she moved the Board adjourn on the morrow, at 12.30, sine die. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas. Dr. Dickinson, Chicago, moved to lay the motion on the table. Seconded by Mrs. McLaughlin, North Dakota, and lost. Mrs. Meredith. Indiana, moved, as a substitute for Mrs. Thatcher's motion, that " if we can not have this hall after 12 o'clock to-morrow, we make some other arrangement." Seconded and carried. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved that the Board rise from executive session, and go into open session, as there were many ladies anxious to attend our meeting. Minutes of Second Session. 279 Motion seconded by Dr. Dickinson, Chicago. Motion put by the Chair and lost. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, rose on a question of informa- tion regarding the Woman's Building. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved that the Board go into committee of the whole, to consider the character of the device which is to designate the work of women in the Columbian Exposition. Seconded by Miss Ford, New York, and carried. A communication was read from the Board of Control per- taining to the subject of the device. The Board then went into a committee of the whole, Mrs. Felton, Georgia, in the chair. After discussion, Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved that the committee rise, with the recommendation that the whole matter be referred to the Executive Committee. Seconded by Mrs. Price, and carried. Mrs. President Palmer resumed the chair. Mrs. Felton, Georgia, reported from the committee of the whole that it recommended that the subject of a device be referred to the Executive Committee. Motion put and carried. The Chair called for reports from committees. Mrs. Deane, Chairman of the Special Committee appointed to confer with the Commission, submitted the following report : Mrs. POTTER PALMER, President Board of Lady Managers, World's Columbian Commission. DEAR MRS. PALMER: By direction of the World's Colum- bian Commission, I have the honor to hand you herewith copy of the report of the Special Committee appointed at yesterday's sessipn to confer with a similar committee from the Board of Lady Managers, in regard to the advisability of revising the powers conferred upon the Executive Committee of the Board 280 Board of Lady Managers. of Lady Managers, and said report having been this day sub- mitted to the Commission, and unanimously adopted. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, JOHN T. DICKINSON, Secretary. The Special Committee appointed at yesterday's session of the Commission, to confer with a like committee of the Board of Lady Managers, to consider the question of the advisability of action by the Commission, looking to the revision of the powers conferred upon the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady Managers, by the fifth paragraph of the resolution adopted by the Commission at its fourth session, in so far as the same vests in the said Executive Committee or sub-committee thereof, the right and privilege of amending the By-Laws of the Board, beg leave to report, that your committee has fully conferred with the committee of the Board of Lady Managers ; that in that con- versation it was apparent that the resolution adopted by the Board of Lady Managers in this behalf, expressed neither the recommendation nor desire of that Board in favor of the revision of the powers, but simply suggested whether it was advisable or not. After fully considering the subject, your committee is of opinion that it is inadvisable and injudicious at this time to take action in the premises, and that a communication be addressed to the Board of Lady Managers informing them accordingly. J. W. ST. CLAIR, Chairman of Special Committee. Mrs. Hooker, of Connecticut, moved to receive the report Seconded by Mrs. Logan, and carried. Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico, moved that pads and envelopes bearing the official stamp or seal of the Board of Lady Managers be furnished to each of the Lady Managers and their alternates, and also that all matter pertaining to the Fair, that would be of interest, be mailed especially to the alternates. Seconded by Mrs. Rue, California, and carried. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That all work sent to the Woman's Building may be open to competition with similar work in the general building. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal, New York. Minutes of Second Session. 281 Mrs. Brayton, South Carolina, moved to table this resolution. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle. After considerable discussion, the motion to table was put and lost. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved the previous question, that being Mrs. Trautmann's resolution. Motion seconded by ten, and carried. The Chair then put the question, which was lost. Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That three members be added to the Conference Committee, and they be requested to confer with the Chairman of the Special Committee of the Commission in regard to this report just sent to us, since it is apparent that the resolution fur- nished our committee was not clearly expressed, and so did not convey the real wishes of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded by Mrs. Barker, South Dakota. Mrs. Deane, California, asked to have her committee dis- charged. The Chair stated that the report was accepted, but com- mittee continued. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved the following as a substi- tute to Mrs. Hooker's resolution: Resolved, That we, the Board of Lady Managers, ask the Commissioners lo abolish that clause of their instruction to the Executive Committee which gives to the Executive Committee the power to change the By-Laws of the full Board of Lady Managers. Seconded by Mrs. Hartpence, Ohio. Mrs. Barker explained her views on the subject. After prolonged discussion, the substitute was put by the Chair and adopted. Mrs. Barker agreed to increasing the committee to six and asked, as a special favor, that Mrs. Palmer be made one of the Conference Committee. 282 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Palmer declining, Mrs. Thatcher moved that the Presi- dent be requested to appoint this committee. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle. The Chair appointed Mrs. Barker, Mrs. Hooker, and Mrs. Houghton an additional committee of three, with the Conference Committee already appointed. Mrs. Deane withdrew her request to be discharged from serv- ing on that committee. Mrs. Wilkins, District of Columbia, offered the following reso- lution: WHEREAS, It has come to the knowledge of this Board that certain members of this Board have caused to be published circulars, pamphlets, and other documents derogatory to the character of our President and members of this Board, and cal- culated to produce discord and create misunderstanding as to the actions of this Board, therefore be it Resolved, That this Board condemn most earnestly all such procedure, and that in the future any member of this Board who shall publish or cause anything to be published derogatory to the character of any Lady Manager, or that is calculated to produce discord or inharmonious action, shall receive the censure of this body, and that we will petition the Commissioner by whom she was appointed to ask for her resignation, and that he appoint a successor to take her place on the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded by Mrs. Hart, Ohio. After discussion, the resolution was put and unanimously adopted. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, moved that the vote on this resolution be given to the public. Seconded and carried. On motion of Mrs. Carse, Chicago, seconded by Mrs. Meyers, Chicago, Mrs. Cantrill's report on the work among the colored Minutes of Second Session. 283 people, was made the special order of business for the following morning, immediately after the reading of the Journal. The Chair then announced the following committees : Committee on Testimonial to Miss Hayden : Mrs. Howes, Michigan; Mrs. Stevens, Maine; Mrs. Thomson, Maryland; Mrs. Olmstead, Georgia; Miss Samson, Colorado; Miss Cun- ningham, South Carolina; Mrs. Payton, Oregon. Committee on Designs for Badge : Mrs. Trautman, New York; Mrs. Stevens, Maine; Mrs. Chandler, Vermont; Mrs. Hale, Wyoming; Mrs. Wise, Virginia; Mrs. Owings, Washing- ton; Miss Cunningham, South Carolina. Committee on Prospectus : Mrs. Paul, Virginia; Mrs. Straughan, Idaho; Miss Payne, Kentucky; Miss Sears, Massa- chusetts; Mrs. Brown, Minnesota; Mrs. Mulligan, Chicago; Mrs. Langworthy, Nebraska. On motion the Board adjourned to 10 A.M. the following day. 10 284 Board of Lady Managers. OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE Board of Lady Managers OF THE World's Columbian Commission. Second Session. Seventh Day, Wednesday, Sept. 9,1891. The Board convened at 10 A. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Prayer by Mrs. Deane, California. ROLL CALL. MEMBERS-AT-LARGE. New York, Mrs. Verdenal ; Kentucky, Mrs. Cantrill ; District of Columbia, Mrs. Lockwood ; Michigan, Mrs. Bagley ; New York, Miss Ford ; Texas, Mrs. Ryan. MEMBERS FROM STATES. Alabama, Mrs. Fosdick, Miss Smith, alternate ; Arkansas, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. Edgerton ; California, Mrs. Rue, Mrs. Deane ; Colorado, Miss Samson, Mrs. Ashley; Connecticut, Miss Ives, Mrs. Hooker; Delaware, Mrs. Ball, Mrs. Torbert, alternate ; Florida, Mrs. Bell, Miss Beck ; Georgia, Mrs. Felton, Mrs. Olmstead ; Idaho, Mrs. Straughan ; Illinois, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Gould, alternate ; Indiana, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Ball, alternate ; Iowa, Mrs. Clark, Miss Miller; Kansas, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Hanback ; Kentucky, Miss Payne; Louisiana, Miss Minor, Miss Shakspeare ; Maine, Mrs. Burleigh, Mrs. Stevens ; Maryland, Mrs. Thomson ; Massachusetts, Mrs. Minutes of Second Session. 285 Frost, Miss Sears; Michigan, Mrs. Howes, Mrs. Angell ; Minnesota, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Winston, alternate; Mississippi, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. Stone ; Montana, Mrs. Rickards ; Nebraska, Mrs. Briggs, Mrs. Langworthy ; Nevada, Miss Russell, Mrs. Foley, alternate ; New Hampshire, Mrs. Ladd, Mrs. Hall ; New Jersey, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Stevens ; New York, Mrs. Trautmann ; North Carolina, Mrs. Kidder, Mrs. Price; North Dakota, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. McConnell ; Ohio, Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Hartpence ; Oregon, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Payton ; Pennsylvania, Miss McCandless; Rhode Island, Mrs. Starkweather, Miss Dailey ; South Carolina, Mrs. Brayton, Miss Cunningham, alternate ; South Dakota, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Barker ; Tennessee, Mrs. Cooke, Mrs. Mason, alternate ; Texas, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Cochran ; Virginia, Mrs. Wise. Mrs. Paul ; Washington, Mrs. Owings, Mrs. Houghton ; West Virginia, Miss Jackson ; Wisconsin, Mrs. Ginty, Mrs. Lynde ; Wyoming, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Hale. MEMBERS FROM TERRITORIES. Arizona, Mrs. Butler, Miss Lovell ; New Mexico, Mrs. Albright, Mrs. Bartlett ; Oklahoma Mrs. Beeson, Mrs. Miles ; Utah, Mrs. Whalen, Miss Keogh, alternate. MEMBERS FROM DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Wilkins. MEMBERS FROM CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Mulligan, Dr. Dickinson, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Bradwell, Mrs. Doolittle, Mrs. Carse, Mrs. Shattuck, alternate. The Journal of Tuesday morning, September 8th, was read and approved. Mrs. Ashley, Colorado, moved to have the words " principal " and " alternate " left off the badge of the Board of Lady Man- agers. Seconded and carried. 286 Board of Lady Managers. A communication was read from Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, Vassar College, in regard to a model house and kitchen exhibit. On motion of Mrs. Hooker, Connecticut, that this letter be printed for distribution, action on the same was postponed. Miss Ives, Chairman of the Committee on Designs for a Seal, presented the following report: Your Committee appointed to select designs for a seal report as follows: On examining the designs placed before the Committee, all seemed to have many, attributes of beauty to claim attention, and a majority were specially artistic in design. But as there seemed to be three prominent features to be embodied on the seal, some difficulty was found in selecting very many that harmonized these three features in one design. In the opinion of the Committee, the seven designs selected combine, as far as possible, these requirements: 75, 108, 66, 84, 54, 73, 63. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) Miss IVES, Miss MILLER, Miss SMITH, MRS. WILSON, Miss LOVELL, Miss JACKSON, Committee. Miss Ives moved the adoption of this report. Seconded by Mrs. Thomson, Maryland, and carried. Mrs. Trautmann, Chairman of the Committee on Badges, stated that the Committee met to select a design, but found that the Committee on Seal had selected all of the best designs. It was decided that the Committee on Badges would wait until the seal had been selected to send to Mr. St. Gaudens, and then they would select their badge from the remaining designs. Mrs. Hooker, Chairman of the Committee on Finance, sub- mitted the following report: Minutes of Second Session. 287 Your Committee met in Washington February 23, 1891, at the call of the President, and, as has been shown in the report of the President, did excellent work there. In fact, we are con- vinced that if the influence of this Committee had been brought to bear upon Congress earlier in the session, the whole appropri- ation asked for by the President would have been granted. The history of our bill is this: When the appropriation bill left the House and went to the Senate it provided for 92,000, of which sum $36,000 was to be used for the Board of Lady Managers. The Senate then lumped the appropriation and brought the whole sum down to $40,000, to be used by the Commission; and as this sum would not defray the necessary expenses of the Commission, there would plainly be nothing left for the Board of Lady Man- agers. When our Committee arrived in Washington, the bill was in the hands of a conference Committee, consisting of three from the House and three from the Senate, and it was upon this Com- mittee our work was brought to bear, and the result was, as you know, that $36,000 of the money granted the Commission was for the use of the Board of Lady Managers. The Committee recommend that in order to secure a suitable appropriation from Congress next winter, every member of the Board of Lady Managers, and every alternate, be instructed to labor with the members of Congress from her own State as soon as elected, and if possible secure from each one of them a pledge to deal generously with us in the matter of an appropri- ation, and that it shall be given directly to our President. ISABELLA B. HOOKER, Chairman. Mrs. Hooker moved the adoption of the report. Seconded by Mrs. Felton and carried. Mrs. Barker presented the following report of the Committee appointed to confer with the Commission: The Committee appointed to confer with the Commissioners and ask them to rescind the clause in their instruction to the Executive Committee, conferring upon it the power to change the By-Laws of the Board, met Mr. St. Clair, member of the Board of Control and Chairman of Committee on Conference, in Mrs. Hooker's parlor at the Palmer House last evening. 288 Board of Lady Managers. Your resolution contemplated an appeal to the Commission- ers, but as they had adjourned, our only course was to meet the Board of Control, and as some of them were to leave this morn- ing, we found it impossible to meet them officially, but were glad to hold an informal meeting with Mr. St. Clair, who said: " I am the one who urged the 'unusual and extraordinary measure.'" Mr. St. Clair than gave us a history of the situation in which the Executive Committee found themselves last spring with a Sec- retary in whose hands resided the power to prevent the payment of bills by refusing to sign orders, etc., and added: " This was an emergency, and we felt that in the absence of the Board we might be brought to the spot where it would be necessary to adopt extreme measures, but the Board of Control never meant to take away one right or prerogative of the Board of Lady Managers." When asked if this were not an unusual proceed- ing, to give to a committee the right to destroy the rules adopted by the whole body for the government of that committee, he answered that it was an "unusual, extraordinary, and unheard of proceeding," and that he did not wonder that the ladies of the Board who did not understand the very peculiar position in which they were placed were aggrieved and indignant. He then very emphatically said: " Now, ladies, I assure you that as soon as the legal proceedings growing out of this matter and based upon our action are at an end, that the Board of Control and the Commissioners will, without one dissenting vote, expunge the obnoxious clause and make it right." (Signed) H. M. BARKER, MRS. J. R. DEANE, ISABELLA B. HOOKER, MRS. JOHN M. STONE, M. B. STEVENS, ALICE HOUGHTON. ivlrs. Barker moved that the report be adopted and the Com- mittee discharged Seconded and carried. Mrs. Howes, Chairman of the Committee on Testimonial to Miss Hayden, reported as follows: Minutes of Second Session. 289 Your Committee recommends that the testimonial shall be in the form of a pendant having engraved the picture of the Woman's Building, and on the other side " Sophia Hayden; pre- sented by the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Colum- bian Commission," and dated, and we further recommend that each Lady Manager be invited to contribute one dollar toward the testimonial, and that a committee of three be appointed by the Chair toward the making of a pendant. (Signed) MRS. HOWES, MRS. STEVENS, MRS. THOMSON, MRS. OLMSTEAD, Miss SAMSON, Miss CUNNINGHAM, MRS. PAYTON, Committee. Mrs. Howes, Michigan, moved the adoption of the report. Seconded by Mrs. Rue, California. The Chair stated that the Board would probably have funds enough to pay for the pendant outside of any contributions, and suggested that the Committee revise that part of its report. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that the Committee amend their report by striking out that clause referring to private con- tributions. Mrs. Howes, Michigan, accepted the amendment. Motion to adopt the report was then put and carried. Mrs. Barker, North Dakota, Chairman of the Committee appointed to prepare State reports, stated that the Committee had completed their work, and the reports were ready for the press. Mrs. Mason, Tennessee, presented the following report of the Committee appointed to formulate a plan of State work: This Committee recommends the publication of two sets of circulars clothed in the simplest language, the first to convey 290 Board of Lady Managers, information to the people by answering not less than the three following questions: What is the World's Fair? What is the World's Fair to me? What can I do for the Fair? The second set of circulars to be instructions to the sub- committees or those agencies of the Woman's Board that are closest to the people; these instructions to cover at least the fol- lowing subjects: 1. Exhibits; what shall be accepted and rejected, and the disposal of the same. 2. Clubs. 3. Transportation of goods and people. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) MRS. MASON, DR. FRANCES DICKINSON, MRS. GOULD, Committee. On motion of Mrs. Ryan, Texas, seconded by Mrs. Hooker, the report was adopted. Mrs. Hooker added, "with thanks." The order of business was suspended and unanimous consent was given Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, to offer the following resolution: Resolved, That Article VI. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers be amended by adding, " The President shall have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee of the Board and the approval of the Commission and Director-General; and all correspondence, clerical and working force, and expenditures of money shall be directed, ordered, and approved by the President of the Board, who shall have all accounts duly audited, and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control." Mrs. Meredith moved this amendment be referred to the Committee on By-Laws. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker and carried. Minutes of Second Session. 291 Mrs. Angell, Michigan, presented her report of the Committee on Classification. The report as amended, is as follows : REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATION. Madam President and Ladies of the Board of Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition: Your Committee on Classification come before you with extreme diffidence, feeling that this Report is very inadequate in its presentation of this important subject. Circumstances have made it imperative that the Report should be given at this time, and they plead in extenuation of the many defects of which they are conscious, first, the hurried manner in which, owing to the lack of time, they have been obliged to compile it; and second, the difficulty which they have found in adapting the exhaustive Report prepared for the General Com- mission to the more especial conditions of the work of this Board. While, perhaps, there is no industry, no profession in which some brave, heroic woman may not have taken part and accomplished noble work, still there are certain channels in which we instinc- tively expect to find woman's influence dominant, and where her truest and most valuable work is accomplished. To give these especial prominence has been the chief aim of your Committee. "The General Regulations for Foreign Exhibitprs," a pam- phlet issued by the authority of the World's Columbian Com- mission from the office of the Director-General, has formed the basis of the classification which we submit to you, and this Report constantly refers to the departments, groups, and classes therein mentioned. Every lady, therefore, will require a copy of these General Regulations in order to make this Report intelligible, and instead of a Blue Book, it is a Green Book which becomes our coun- selor and friend. We have in one or two instances suggested that a single class in this manual should be given an entire committee, and we have occasionally changed the position of certain individual classes, but when such has been the case, the change has been 292 Board of Lady Managers. carefully and definitely stated, and we hope that no annoying confusion will arise. A close search through the manual has not revealed any par- ticular mention of taxidermy, and since many women have proved themselves skillful taxidermists, we have ventured to add this branch of industry to one of the correlated classes. With this preliminary statement, and in the hope of meeting with lenient judgment, we ask your attention to the following summary: DEPARTMENT A. Agriculture, Forest Products, and Forestry. Machinery and Appliances. We would suggest that two committees be appointed in this Department, one for the following groups which we will call A i: Groups i, 4, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, and 19. If you notice, Group 9 is omitted from this classification. You will hear from it later. A 2 comprises Groups 2, 3, 6, 10, n, 12, 13, 17, and 18 except Class 61, and the whole of Group 9. DEPARTMENT B. Viticulture, Horticulture, Floriculture. This we propose to make one committee. We are very well aware that Groups 22 and 26 have very large interests for women, but in trying to reduce our committees, we have only proposed one committee for this Department. DEPARTMENT C. Live Stock. Domestic and Wild Animals. In connection with Group 35, Class 211, we suggest that there should be a committee on this class called a Committee on Bee- Culture. DEPARTMENT D. Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products, and Apparatus of Fishing. Though not correlated themselves, we have thought we might unite these two Departments, C and D Live Stock, Domestic Minutes of Second Session. 293 and Wild Animals and Fish, Fish Products, and Apparatus of Fishing. These include Groups 27 to 41, inclusive. Of course you. understand this is open to your criticism. DEPARTMENT E. Mines, Mining, and Metallurgy. At first we should not suppose that many women were em- ployed in these directions, but a careful examination leads us to believe that this Department will afford scope for a committee, and we would suggest that special attention be bestowed upon Groups 42, 43, 45, and 46, Class 284. DEPARTMENT F. Machinery. We would recommend a small sub-committee on photography and on the decoration and designs of wall papers. These last are mentioned in Department H, Group 88, Class 539. DEPARTMENT G. Transportation. Railways, Vessels, Vehicles. We have thought that these last two Departments might be united, but we would request that special attention be bestowed on the following groups in Department F: 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, and in Department G, particular attention to Group 82. DEPARTMENT H. Manufactures. This Department comprises so many and such interesting groups that your Committee have found difficulty in reducing it to the proportions required. We have endeavored to assign all the groups, with one or two exceptions, to two committees. Section H i: Groups 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, and the rest inclu- sive to 1 1 8. We have omitted Groups 89 and 90. We would propose that Group 90 should be a special committee by itself on Ceramics in all it branches, adding to this, Class 284 of Group 46, of Department E. H 2: Groups 100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, no. 294 Board of Lady Managers. You note in this we have omitted Groups 99 and 105, and to this division we would add Class 549 of Group 89, of Depart- ment H. For Group 99 of Department H, we would suggest that there be a committee on Silk Industries and Culture. These are represented in the classification of the Commission under this Group 99, and Class 61, which is in Group 9, Depart- ment A. Also your Committee would propose that Taxidermy might properly be considered in connection with Department H, Group 104, Class 630. DEPARTMENT J. Electricity. We suggest that there be one committee in that Depart- ment. DEPARTMENT K. Fine Arts. Pictorial, Plastic, and Decorative. To this important Department we desire to assign four Committees: K i: Groups 135 and 141, and we recommend that Class 839, Group 148, of Department L should also be included in the work of this Committee. K 2: Groups 136, 137, and 138. K 3: Group 95 of Department H, which embraces Wood- carving, Ivory-carving, etc., we think may very properly be included with Groups 139 and 140, Department K. K 4: Group 142, a Committee on competition exhibit of private exhibitions. We would suggest a Committee on Decorative Art Needle- work, as indicated in Groups 89 and 105, Department H; and we would also include all specimens of needle-work, giving special attention to Classes 549 and 639 of the same Depart- ment. DEPARTMENT L. Liberal Arts. Education, Literature, Engineering, Public Works, Music, and the Drama. This Department is absolutely crowded with all the works Minutes of Second Session 295 particularly interesting and dear to women, and represents so many forms of labor belonging especially to women that we have in some instances divided the groups, forming a committee on classes contained in the group. Group 143 represents two committees, the first containing Classes 775 to 780 inclusive, and the second including Classes 781, 782, 783, and 799. We would call the second a Committee on Charities. Group 144. This we would consider an industrial exhibit. It includes Classes 784 to 790, and Classes 793, 794, 797, and Group 152. Group 145, beginning with Class 774 of Group 143, which has relation to Nurseries and Kindergartens, and including Classes 791, 792, 795, 796, 800, 801, 802, 803, and Group 151. A Special Committee on the Higher Education, including Classes 800, 801, 802, and 803. Group 146. This group we would like to include under the head of the Press Committee. There are, as you will see, other things discussed in it besides absolutely what we speak of tech- nically as the press books, libraries, literature, journalism. This includes Classes 804 to 814 inclusive. Feeling that Photography can not properly be included among the Fine Arts, and yet recognizing that much beautiful and im- portant work has been accomplished by photographers, we would suggest that a sub-committee be appointed, to whom shall be assigned this artistic industry, in connection with Group 147, Department L. Group 148. Class 839 of this group we have removed and carried back, if you remember, into the Committee, on Fine Arts. We are quite doubtful as whether to recommend a committee on the rest of this group or not. It comprises land surveying, bridge engineering, construction, etc. Groups 149 and 150 we would unite. Government and law, the various systems of government, postal system, inter- national law, etc. These important Groups will furnish scope for several sub-committees. We would recommend that Class 844, of Group 149, of this Department, having relation to punishment of crime prisons, and 296 Board of Lady Managers. reformatories, etc., should be given in charge of a special sub- committee. We have not spoken of Group 151, institutions and organiza- tions for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. This we would include in the Educational Group, 145. Group 152 includes the industrial, social, and cooperative associations. It is suggested that Group 153 be included in this, with the exception of Class 870, which we place with Group 154. Group 154. Music and Musical Instruments. We add to this Class 870 of Group 153. In connection with Department L we have recommended twelve committees and such sub-committees as the President may see fit to appoint. We made special mention of this fact, because in this Department, with one or two exceptions, a Group represents a Committee. DEPARTMENT M. Ethnology, Archeology, Progress of Labor and Invention. We would suggest that a committee, called the Committee on Patents, be appointed, which shall find its right of being from Group 166, Department M. Under this is included Groups 155 to 159, 160, 170, and Class 798, of Group 145. Under M 2 will be Groups 161 to 172 inclusive, with the exception of Groups 166 and 170. In conclusion, your committee would state that as the Com- mission itself is reported to have changed its classification, so we expect that it will be found necessary to make many changes in this condensed statement. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) MRS. SARAH S. C. ANGELL, Chairman, MRS. R. S. FROST, MRS. MARY S. LOCKWOOD, MRS. D. F. VERDENAL, MRS.. FRANC LUSE ALBRIGHT, MRS. M. R. M. WALLACE. Mrs. Logan moved to adopt the report with thanks. Seconded by Mrs. Deane, California. Minutes of Second Session. 297 Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved to amend by adding that the Committee be continued with permission and instructions to make such slight changes in the report as they may deem essential. Motion seconded. Mrs. Logan accepted the amendment. Motion as amended was then put and carried. Mrs. Eagle, Arkansas, moved that the President be allowed all the time she may desire to nominate and announce the Standing Committees. Seconded by Mrs. Cantrill. Motion put by Mrs. Eagle and unanimously carried. The Chair announced the presence of Mrs. Zerelda Wallace, mother of the author of "Ben Hur." Mrs. Wallace was greeted enthusiastically, and made a short address to the Board. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the Executive Committee be allowed to with- draw, to rescind their action on the matter of foreign repre- sentatives of this Board abroad, so that the full Board may act upon the question through a committee who can avail themselves of the important changes that have arisen since that time, through the work begun by Mrs. Palmer in the interim since the session of the Executive Committee. Seconded and adopted. The Chair announced the following Committee on Foreign Appointments: Mrs. Bagley, Michigan; Mrs. Wilkins, District of Columbia; Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas; Mrs. Hanback, Kansas; Mrs. Torbert, Delaware; Mrs. McConnell, North Dakota; Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia; and Miss Dailey, Rhode Island. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That in the appointment of the Standing Com- mittees we waive the parliamentary rule of having the first 298 Board of Lady Managers. named made chairman, and allow each Committee to elect its own chairman. Seconded by Mrs. Edgerton and adopted. Mrs. Logan asked if the Committee on Foreign Appoint- ments could select agents from outside the Board of Lady Managers, or must they confine themselves to that body ? Mrs. Edgerton, Arkansas, moved that the matter be left entirely to the discretion of the Committee. Motion seconded by Mrs. Rue and carried. Dr. Dickinson, Chicago, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the circulars recommended to be printed by the Committee to formulate a plan of work that can be utilized by all States shall be written by a committee appointed for that purpose, who shall confer with the President; the approval of the President, of all the matter within these circulars and the form it shall take, must be had before publication. Seconded by Mrs. Carse and adopted. On motion of Mrs. Carse, seconded by Mrs. Thatcher, the Board adjourned until 2 p. M. The Board was called to order by the President at 2 p. M. A quorum not being present, a recess of ten minutes was taken. The Board reassembled at 2:10 p. M., Mrs. President Palmer presiding. Mrs. Bagley rose to a question of privilege and stated it as follows : After the meeting of yesterday and the resolution of confi- dence in our President, passed by the ladies of this Commission, it is most desirable that the members should have tangible proof of the facts that controlled the action of this Board in the re- moval of Miss Couzins. She has given her side to the public; she has already made her statements, which have gone to the National Minutes of Second Session. 299 Commission. These statements are in print and have been cir- culated where they would produce the most effect. All this is calculated to cripple the action of the Board in our States, and I would most respectfully ask that in vindication of herself, our honored President be permitted to make a statement to this Board. Mrs. BAGLEY : I would like this to be put as a motion. Seconded by Mrs. Logan. Motion was put by Mrs. Bagley and carried unanimously. Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, stated that all members were not present. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, moved to postpone this matter until 3 o'clock. Seconded. Motion put by Mrs. Thatcher and carried. Mrs. Cantrill, who had been appointed to represent in the Executive Committee the interests of colored people, read a report in which she stated that her report was greatly shortened and simplified by the action of the Board, which had already at this session adopted a resolution expressly delegating to the Lady Managers in the respective States the work of arousing an interest among the colored people, and of determining the best methods to be adopted and pursued in their respective States. The purport of this resolution was unmistakable. In this Expo- sition there is to be no color or racial divisions. Citizenship will be considered. A man does not by color cease to be a loyal Virginian, Georgian, or Kentuckian. The colored people are urged to respond and take part in the great movement toward advancement in education and industry. We should be judicious in dealing with this interesting subject, and stretch out a help- ing hand of encouragement. Many of the questions referred for decision and action did not properly belong to this Committee, and we have not jeopardized the interests of a State or of the 20 300 Board of Lady Managers. great Exposition, but gladly and appropriately lay before the proper authorities these questions, knowing the interests of no one will suffer at their hands in all that is just, expedient, and wise, in all that relates to the interests of all parties at the Columbian Exposition. On motion of Mrs. Cantrill, seconded by Mrs. Edgerton, the report was adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, moved to reconsider the adopted resolu- tion of Mrs. Paul, Virginia, in regard to the colored women. Seconded by Mrs. Angell. Motion was put by the Chair and lost. A communication was then read from Harrison & Coover, photographers. Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, Vice-President of the woman's branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary, presented a report of the work contemplated by the Auxiliary Congresses. Mrs. Houghton, Washington: " In conversation to-day with Mr. John Thorp, Chief of Floriculture, he stated that he would be very glad to take charge of the grounds surrounding the Woman's Building, and would like to have the opinion of the Board on this subject; I would like to offer a resolution that this body recommend that the privilege of decorating the grounds surrounding the Woman's Building be placed in the hands of Mr. John Thorp, Chief of Floriculture." Seconded by Mrs. Edgerton and adopted. Mrs. Bagley's motion requesting the President to make a statement to the Board was then re-read. Mrs. Logan asked Mrs. Bagley to state that the resolution of Mrs. Wilkins adopted the previous day, not only vindicated our honored President, but also all the ladies against whom Miss Couzins had preferred charges. Minutes of Second Session. 801 Mrs. Bagley accepted the amendment, which was put and carried. The motion as amended read as follows: After the meeting of yesterday, and the resolutions of con- fidence in our President, and also in all the ladies against whom Miss Couzins had preferred charges, passed by the ladies of this Commission, it is most desirable that the members should have tangible proof of the facts that controlled the action of this Board in the removal of Miss Couzins. She has given her side to the public; she has already made her statements, which have gone to the National Commission. These statements are in print, and have been circulated where they would produce the most effect. All this is calculated to cripple the action of the Board in our States, and I would most respectfully ask that, in vindication of herself, our honored President be permitted to make a statement to this Board. The President then made an oral statement in answer to a pamphlet that had been issued by the ex-Secretary of the Board, and certain affidavits were read bearing upon the same matter, which are filed among the records of our office, and known as Nos. 494, 495, 49 6 > 497, 49 8 > 499- Mrs. ASHLEY, Colorado : I make the motion that we indi- vidually go on record in this matter as fully indorsing the action of our President and the members of the Executive Committee. Motion seconded by Mrs. Bartlett. Mrs. Barker suggested that inasmuch as the Board was unanimous, the ladies stand instead of having the roll called. Motion carried unanimously by a rising vote. A report of the Executive Committee was then read as follows: At a session of the Executive Committee of the Board of 302 Board of Lady Managers. Lady Managers held September 9, 1891, Mrs. Meredith, Vice- Chairman, presiding, the following ladies were present: Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Angell, Mrs. Bartlett, Mrs. Briggs, Miss Beck, Miss Busselle, Mrs. Cantrill, Mrs. Eagle, Miss Ford, Miss Ives, Mrs. Logan, Miss McCandless, Mrs. Meredith, Miss Miller, Mrs. Ryan, Mrs. Rue, Miss Shakespeare, Mrs. Starkweather, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Thatcher. A quorum was announced. Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we hereby rescind all action taken by the Executive Committee in reference to the appointment of ladies to represent the Board in South America, and other foreign countries. Seconded by Mrs. Starkweather, and adopted. (Signed) SUSAN G. COOKE, Secretary Executive Committee. On motion of Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, seconded by Mrs. Bart- lett, New Mexico, the report was adopted. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, in the absence of Mrs. Lynde, Wisconsin, presented the following report of the By-Law Com- mittee: The resolution adopted by the Board of Lady Managers which reads as follows: "That Article VI. of the By-Laws of the Board of Lady Managers be amended by adding, The President shall have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee of the Board, and to the approval of the Commission and Director-General; and all correspondence, clerical and working force and expenditures of money shall be directed, ordered, and approved by the President of the Board, who shall have all accounts duly audited and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control." This resolution has been carefully considered by the Committee on By-Laws, and they would recommend that Article VI. shall be amended as to read: Article VI. Duties of the President. The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Board, and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the Board, and she Minutes of Second Session. 303 shall have all the powers and authority incident to the office of President. The President may, and at the written request of a majority of the Executive Committee, or of one-third of the members of the Board shall recommend to the Commission, the calling of a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, each of whom shall receive reasonable notice of the meeting. The President shall also have full and complete control, subject to the direction of the Executive Committee of the Board, and to the approval of the Commission and Director-General; and all correspondence, clerical and working force, and expenditure of money shall be directed, ordered, and approved by the President of the Board, who shall have all accounts duly audited and certify the same to the Board of Reference and Control. (Signed) MRS. LYNDE. MRS. THATCHER. Miss IVES. MRS. BRIGGS. MRS. CANTRILL. Miss DAILEY. MRS. BRADWELL. Committee. The Chair stated that the question would then recur upon the adoption of the amendment as recommended by the report of the Committee. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved the adoption of the amend- ment. Seconded by Mrs. Lockwood and carried unanimously by a rising vote. Mrs. Lockwood, District of Columbia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we reconsider Mrs. Trautmann's resolution governing the organization of the Standing Committees. Seconded by Mrs. Carse. At the request of the President, Mrs. Ashley occupied the chair. Motion to reconsider Mrs. Trautmann's resolution put and carried. 304 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved that we indefinitely post- pone the subject contained in the motion before the house. Seconded by Mrs. Logan and carried. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved that we leave the naming of the chairmanship of the different committees with the President. Seconded by Mrs. Ryan, and carried. Mrs. Trautmann desired to discuss the question of "dupli- cate " exhibits in the Woman's Building. After prolonged debate, Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, moved that further discussion on this subject be indefinitely postponed. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker, and carried. Mrs. Cantrill, Kentucky, offered the following resolution: Resolved, First, that each member of this Board be asked to inquire into the feeling existing in her respective State with regard to State and national flower, and the reasons for same; second, that each member shall interest herself in finding all poems or prose written upon this subject, giving especial atten- tion to those of women; third, that a committee be formed to receive and make use of same for the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. Unanimous consent was given to Miss Cunningham, South Carolina, to make the following remarks: Miss CUNNINGHAM: I have a suggestion to make in regard to the badge. My idea is a crescent, with the face of a woman appearing within the crescent, surrounded by stars, with some of the stars entangled in the hair of the woman. I would suggest 44 stars, representing the 44 States, and the motto, " Crescendo." I suggest that as our badge. [The President resumed the chair.] Mrs. Rue, California, offered the following resolution: Minutes of Second Session. 305 Resolved, That the States having special beautiful products, such as woods, marble, onyx, etc., ask that certain rooms in the Woman's Building be set aside for their ornamentation in these materials, given in the names of the women of their several States. Three or more States may combine, one furnishing wood, marble, or onyx, another any ornamentation peculiar to their States. Seconded by Mrs. Deane. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved to amend by adding that every State is cordially invited to offer any particular thing that is handsome and suitable for the Woman's Building. Mrs. Rue accepted the amendment, and the resolution, as amended, was adopted. Mrs. Bartlett, New Mexico, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the report of the Classification Committee be printed on separate slips for the benefit of the Lady Managers, in making up their preferences for the committees on which they wish to serve. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago, offered the following preamble and resolution: WHEREAS, The World's Columbian Exposition affords an admirable opportunity to exhibit woman's power to originate, and her executive force as well as her fidelity in subordinate positions; her ability to plan as well as to perform; to direct as well as to obey; therefore, Resolved, That it is the sense of the Board of Lady Managers that women should be appointed upon the committees to which the work of the Exposition is intrusted, in all cases where women can be found familiar with the duties of such committees. Seconded by Mrs. Hooker and adopted. Mrs. Deane, California, moved that the alternates of Chicago be considered in the matter of committees. Mrs. Meredith stated that in order to effect this we should 306 Board of Lady Managers. have to amend our By-Laws, as a principal and alternate could not act at the same time. A principal could give way to an alternate if she desired, but she destroyed her own power to act on that committee. Mrs. Deane, California, stated that she offered a motion to that effect. Seconded by Mrs. Kidder. The motion was lost. Miss Ford, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the President appoint a committee to collect and compile from the returned blanks of proposed exhibitors the per- centage of woman labor engaged in the manufacture of the article. Seconded by Dr. Dickinson. President Thomas W. Palmer, accompanied by some of the National Commissioners, here entered the room. Mrs. Thatcher, Chicago, moved that in view of the distin- guished visitors present, we lay Miss Ford's resolution on the table, and give them an opportunity to address the Board. Seconded by Mrs. Cantrill and carried. PRESIDENT THOMAS W. PALMER : Ladies of the Board of Lady Managers : I hardly thought we should be caught in this predicament. We discussed it coming over, that if we came into the hall we should undoubtedly be called upon to say some- thing, and I had not much of anything to say. We came for two reasons: first, because we thought it would be discourteous, as long as we had adjourned, not to come and attend one of your meetings, and the other reason was that we wanted to come. I congratulate you upon the harmony of your deliberations, and I judge that you have had somewhat of the experience, only not to such an extreme, that we have had in the Commission. When we first come together, we have very lively times, but be- fore we adjourn it is all harmony and brotherly love. I think, as I have always said, that the bringing together of the Board of Minutes of Second Session. 307 Lady Managers was an epoch in the history of civilization to see ladies from all parts of our country coming together, and acting in a legislative capacity, and I must say, with more con- sideration and deference to each other than we show in the Commission where the men have charge. I anticipate for your work most triumphant results, and beyond all as an educational process it should be regarded as very emphatically expressing the advance of men and women during the present generation. GENERAL ST. CLAIR : Ladies, I am not here in the capa- city of a member of the Board of Control, I would have you know, but as an individual admirer of the Ladies' Board. I said to my brother Palmer, on the street coming over here, that if we were called upon to speak this afternoon, he must understand that he was to be the speaker, for the reason that I had under- taken to talk as much to the ladies for the Board of Control, the the last few days, as I thought lay upon the head of any one man. I shall only detain you to say this, that we have just adjourned what I consider to have been the most fortunate meeting of the National Commission. I think it resulted in more good to the Exposition than all the meetings we have heretofore held. While I have not been present at your sessions and heard what you have been doing, I have undertaken to keep track of you in the press, and if you are correctly reported, I am sure you have done no less a work for the Women's Board than was performed on the part of the National Commission. While we may have our differences, both in the National Commission, and possibly in the Ladies' Board, it is exceedingly fortunate that when we have done our work we can go home as brethren and sisters. I believe you are charged with a more important duty, under the Act of Congress which created you, than has been laid on the National Commission, for I think that the 308 Board of Lady Managers. people of the United States have come to see more clearly than they have ever seen before, that the mission of woman in this world has heretofore been largely prescribed, and when they gave to you this recognition in the Act of Congress, they knew they were selecting a wise agency to act in conjunction with the National Commission in elevating the standard of womanhood. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, stated that her report regarding State work was not acted upon, and moved that the report, or the digest of the reports of the States, be put into the hands of the Secretary to be printed and distributed. Seconded by Mrs. Houghton and carried. Mrs. Albright, New Mexico, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we adopt our motto for our seal, instead of taking any of the mottoes found on the seven seals to be sent to St. Gaudens, and also that the two dates, 1492 and 1892, be on the seal. Seconded by Miss Lovell and carried. Miss McCandless, Pennsylvania, offered the following reso- lution: Resolved, That the Board of Lady Managers request exhibi- tors not to send exhibits to Chicago until they are passed upon by their respective States. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal and carried. Mrs. Allen, Oregon, offered the following resolution: WHEREAS, We have been assured that abundant opportuni- ties will be given to display the work of women in the field of literature; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Lady Managers in their respective States endeavor to collect the meritorious literary works of the women in their States. Mrs. Allen moved the adoption of this resolution. Seconded by Mrs. Cantrill and carried. The following resolution was also offered by Mrs. Allen: Resolved, That the library in the Woman's Building be in Minutes of Second Session. 309 charge of a librarian, that the works which are there exhibited may be examined by visitors who desire the privilege. Mrs. Allen moved that this resolution be referred to the com- mittee in charge of the Woman's Building, which is hereafter to be appointed. Motion seconded by Miss McCandless, and carried. Mrs. Meredith, Indiana, moved that a committee of three be appointed to approve the minutes of the Executive session of yesterday, and also the minutes of to-day. Seconded by Mrs. Ashley, and carried. On motion of Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, all unfinished busi- ness was left in the hands of the Executive Committee. MRS. C ARSE: "The second Commissioner from Alaska has not yet appointed a Lady Manager. I hope he will appoint Mrs. Hayden. As she is there at the present time, I move that we have an exhibit from Alaska, and that Mrs. Hayden be commissioned to take charge of the same." Seconded by Mrs. Hall. Mrs. Ryan, Texas, moved as a substitute that the matter be left in the hands of the Lady Managers from that Territory. Seconded by Mrs. Bartlett and carried. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That designs for the badge be asked for and sent to Chicago, to be accepted by our President and a committee of her selection. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal and adopted. Mrs. Shepard, Illinois, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we thank Colonel Dickinson for the delicious luncheon at the Hyde Park Hotel the first day of the session; and Resolved, also, That we thank Mrs. Palmer for the drive to Jackson Park. Seconded by Mrs. Logan and adopted. \ 310 Board of Lady Managers. Mrs. Houghton, Washington, offered the following reso- lution: Resolved, That we, the Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition, convey to the directors of the Nebraska State Fair our heartiest thanks for the cordial invitation extended to this body to be present at their State Fair, and also to the Lady Managers from that State who were instrumental in securing this favor. Mrs. Bartlett seconded the motion and moved to amend by adding that Mrs. Briggs and Mrs. Langworthy be empowered to carry our thanks to Nebraska. Mrs. Houghton accepted the amendment and the resolution was adopted. Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That this body wish to express their profound thanks to M~s. Susan G. Cooke, for the faithful, intelligent, sys- tematic manner in which she has kept the minutes of this Board, at all times furnishing transcripts and information with despatch and fidelity, thereby meriting confidence and gratitude Seconded by Mrs. Carse and adopted. Miss Cunningham, South Carolina, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That we pass a special resolution of thanks to our President for the patient and impartial manner with which she has presided over our meeting. Seconded and adopted unanimously by a rising vote. On motion of Mrs. Carse, Chicago, the suggestions con- tained in the letter of Prof. Lucy Salmon were referred to a committee hereafter to be appointed. Mrs. Carse moved that the President appoint this committee at her leisure. The motion prevailed. Minutes of Second Session. 311 Mrs. Kidder, North Carolina, moved a vote of thanks to Mrs. McVicker and Mrs. Chetlain, for the entertainment at McVicker's Theatre, on the evening of September 4th, to hear Mr. Keene in his character of Louis XI. Seconded by Mrs. Verdenal and carried. The Chair stated that Mrs. Albright had had a resolution at the desk for two days to the same effect. Miss Ives, Connecticut, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a vote of thanks be offered Mr. Phillipson for his generous invitation to view his illustration of the World's Fair in Miniature. All found the illustration most novel in execution, and admirable in idea, as it conveyed a very com- prehensive representation of the plan of the Exposition. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Ryan, Texas, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a hearty vote of thanks be given to Mr. Bowen for his valuable services at the present session of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded and adopted. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the President be, and is hereby authorized to appoint a special committee on Federal Legislation, to consist of twelve ladies, the President being one, and the Chairman thereof ; which committee shall have charge and control of all matters pertaining to legislation by Congress, in the interest of the Board of Lady Managers. Seconded by Mrs. Meredith and adopted. Mrs. Carse, Chicago: I desire to offer a resolution of thanks to our excellent Sergeant-at-Arms, Miss Busselle, who has done such excellent work for us; and to our young and charming pages and ushers, and to our stenographer, Miss Merrill. Seconded by Mrs. Logan and adopted. Mrs. Albright, New Mexico, offered the following resolution: Resolved, That thanks be voted to the press of Chicago, so 312 Board of Lady Managers. ably represented by the reporters present, for the kindly way they have reported us to their several papers. Seconded by Mrs. Bartlett and adopted. Mrs. Cantrill moved a special vote of thanks to Colonel Payton. Carried by a rising vote. Mrs. Stevens, Maine, moved that a vote of thanks be extended to all others who have in any manner contributed to make the meeting of our Board so profitable and pleasant. Seconded and carried. Mrs. Trautmann, New York, then presented a report of the reforms accomplished in New York in sanitary matters through the organization of women. Mrs. Barker, South Dakota, moved that the tenth suggestion of the President's report to be taken from the table and referred to a special committee of her own appointment. Seconded by Mrs. Eagle and carried. On motion of Mrs. Logan, District of Columbia, seconded by Mrs. Eagle, the Board of Lady Managers then adjourned sine die. APPENDIX. REPORTS FROM STATES. ALABAMA Bv MRS. FOSDICK. The report of Alabama's women deplores the fact that no appropriation was granted by its Legislature for this great Exposition. A convention was called last May, which resolved itself into a stock association. This convention named thirteen women on its committee, and another convention has been called for the 4th of November, for the perfection of its plans. At the time this committee met in Montgomery, in August, the Finance Com- mittee of the State Association was also in session, and increased its capital stock to $50,000, of which the women present agreed to raise $25,000. Through the instrumentality of a woman, generous responses in several instances have been secured from railroads, in the matter of transportation. Alabama's possibilities are large, and the hopes of her women are equally large. ARKANSAS BY MRS. EAGLE AND MRS. EDGERTON. Arkansas is behind many of the States with her State organi- zation, in consequence of her Legislature having declined to make an appropriation. This was not due to lack of interest, but to the fact that it required a two-thirds vote. It passed the House, but failed in the Senate by three votes. The people were not in accord with this action; Governor Eagle recommended an appropriation of $100,000, and as that failed, he called a con- vention last August to take action for providing funds for an exhibit. This convention adopted a charter for a stock company (313) 314 Board of Lady Managers. of $100,000, with $2 shares. This charter provides for a board of directors who shall elect a State board of lady managers composed of the same number. This board will solicit exhibits of the work of women, and to them was given control of 5 per cent, of all funds collected. Deep interest is felt by the leading men of the State. Arkansas will have an exhibit which you will be pleased to see. CALIFORNIA BY MRS. DEANE. California reports an appropriation of $300,000, which will be increased. Our State Commission does not contain any women, but the Lady Managers have asked for ex-officio membership and for control of woman's work. They are in correspondence with the different counties, and much interest is being awakened, and California will have an exhibit worthy of her. COLORADO BY Miss SAMSON. Colorado reports an appropriation of $100,000, and the appointment of a board of fourteen members. The National Commissioners and their alternates, the Lady Managers and their alternates, constituting eight members, and five others appointed by the Governor, who is the President of the board. Four of the appointees being heads of the departments: Education, Mining, Agriculture, and Horticulture. This board met and organized in May of the present year. At this meeting, the lady members of the board were given charge of Class G Woman's Department, outlined as: " Dairy products, pantry stores, needlework, plain and ornamental, the natural flora of Colorado named and classified, such of the decorative arts, plastic and ornamental, as are the product of woman's hand, and a general supervision of woman's work throughout the State in all its branches, usual and unusual." Two women were also elected to so organize the women of the State as to secure the best results in their power, and a third was selected for special work. We did not apply for a separate specified part of the State appropriation, as we were assured that we should have sufficient Appendix. 315 sums for our use as needed. Our State Board have been most fair and generous in their dealings with us, allowing us to begin our work at the earliest moment possible, and granting us all aid at their command in carrying out our plans. Our plan is to organize local boards (consisting of from ten to thirty members, as circumstances may dictate) in one or more cities of each county, making the rest of the county auxiliary to these boards. The officers of each board to consist of a Presi- dent, two Vice-Presidents, a Corresponding and a Recording Secretary, and a Treasurer. The committees proposed for each board are an executive committee, a finance committee, commit- tee on exhibits, committee on statistics, committee on clubs and club work, and a press committee. We have followed the plan recommended by our Executive Committee, in endeavoring to obtain on each local board repre- sentatives from each organization of women where the board is formed. We have found, almost without exception, representa- tive women prepared to co-operate with us heartily and promptly, in our efforts to secure the best representation from the women of our State. A number of counties are already organized, and we hope as soon as this work is completed to call a State convention con- sisting of representative women from each local board, who will assist us in determining the best exhibits available from each county; also the best method of securing these exhibits. These county boards will also furnish us points of corre- spondence, by means of which we may at any time reach any or all parts of the State. The members of these local boards are looking forward with interest to the printed matter promised by the Executive Com- mittee, giving outlines of proposed exhibits in time for intelli- gent study on desired topics. The Act of our State Legislature which authorized the World's Fair Board, and appropriation for the use of same, also allowed the assessment of a two-mill tax in each of the counties. Each local board appoints a committee to interview the commis- sioners of the county in which it is located, in order to influence them to grant the desired sum, and also to secure for the women 21 316 Board of Lady Managers. of that county an amount sufficient to defray the necessary expenses of their work. We most cordially invite our honored President and each and every member of our National Board, to meet with us when our State convention shall be held. M. A. SAMSON, SUSAN R. ASHLEY, MRS. R. J. COLEMAN, MRS. M. D. THATCHER. CONNECTICUT BY MRS. HOOKER. The Legislature of Connecticut has not been approached on the subject of the Columbian Exposition, because that body was so engaged in settling who should be Governor, they were not attending to any other business. Three men claim the posi- tion, and each one thinks he has as good a right as the others. At a fair held last November in Hartford, I addressed a large concourse upon the subject of the World's Fair. Through the help of Mrs. Smith, an alternate upon the Board of Lady Mana- gers, the interest of two women in every town has been secured. Beginning with these as a point of contact, the help of many others is assured. A circular which has been prepared for use in State work contains the following paragraphs : " The most impressive feature to me in our first gathering .last November was the patriotic devotion of the Southern women and their earnest desire to become trained workers in this great enterprise. During the first three days, when all was chaos because we were without chart or compass, or cargo, or port of departure or of destination, by reason of the very meager instructions received from Congress, these ladies sat quietly listening to the debate, but taking no part in it, and seldom at- tempting to vote, till finally one said to me in private, ' We are distressed to be of so little service here. We have never be- fore been called to transact public business of any sort, are unfamiliar with parliamentary rules, and fear we must be count- ed as worthless members.' Reporting this to the Convention, Appendix. 317 I said : ' Dear Sisters, take courage. You have shown your- selves good listeners, and able to sit still when you have nothing to say that is worth the saying, and that is more than some members of Congress are able to do, after years of experience.' For this I was thanked almost with tears, and before we closed our session it was said to me by more than one : ' We are going home to study these matters of industry and social prog- ress, and we are going to study parliamentary methods also, and teach our daughters as well, and some day you will find us better able to help in all good work, both local and national, by our coming here.' " And toward the last a noble Southern woman, a leader cf thought and in beneficent work in her own State, said to me with equal dignity and frankness : " I came here with prejudices against Northern women, and against you in partic- ular, but I wish to say to you that every prejudice is now removed," and on her return home she wrote me the following letter : " DECEMBER 8, 1890. " MY DEAR MRS. HOOKER : " Your kind letter came to-day. Thanks ! As I sit alone in my little quiet cuddy (where I go to write or read or think), my mind reverts to you and yours. It so happened that I read to- day an article in Lippincott's, August, 1890, about Mrs. H. B. Stowe, her early life and early work for the press. Taken to- gether with your letter and my pleasant recollection of our intercourse in Chicago, I found myself wishing to know more of you. As the winter wind howls around my home to-night, I almost long to see your face and hear you tell me of your life, your childhood, maidenhood, and wifehood. That it has been a brave true life I am ready to vouch for; as Solomon said, ' A gracious woman retaineth honor.' In the life to come (please God we shall meet beyond the river), we will have time to tell each other of the pilgrimage, where it seems one must get old enough to be almost ready to depart before we can learn to agree, and at the same time learn to differ in an agreeable way. " I am Southern born and Southern raised, with all both stand for, and I verily believe our sectional disagreements were owing 318 Board of Lady Managers. in large measure to our ignorance, not of books, but of people. If our ancestors had required a convocation of the sections once in every ten years, there would have been no Civil War, in my opinion. There was entirely too much backbiting and intermeddling also. A face-to-face conference between discordant factions, seasoned with prayer and praise for God's preserving mercies, would have made a very different state of affairs. My heart was full of this feeling all the time of my stay in Chicago. It was borne in upon my mind that God was reconciling us in a true and genuine way. This grand old Republic may yet be saved by its women; and my mind is open to conviction on this line, so I shall read every word of your argument in the book you are to send me." DELAWARE BY MRS. BALL. Delaware's appropriation of $10,000 is much less than was asked for. Of this sum, $7,000 is to be expended for a State building. The plan for the building has already been received from the architect. This will be a very creditable club-house for the use of Delaware's citizens. A State Board has been formed in compliance with the terms of the bill creating it. A woman from each of the three counties of the State has been selected to sit upon the Board, and one of them has been made its Secretary. The ladies of the National Board have been made ex-officio members of this Board. All women's work has been passed over to the care of the women of the State Board. A force of 700 workwomen employed in the Harlan & Hollings- worth works is to be drawn upon to furnish an exhibit. One woman has entered the field of invention, and by her process is able perfectly to preserve food for an unlimited time. FLORIDA BY MRS. BELL. A State Convention has beeen called for October yth to plan for World's Fair work, hence its report can not be very comprehen- sive. A State Building will be erected, and Florida will have a fine display. Much individual work has been done, and mostly by women. There are few industries in the State in which women are not employed. Even in carriage-making women arc Appendix. 319 employed in stenciling and striping, as well as upholstering, and the employer says they make his best workers, as they never go on a spree Saturday night, and hence can work on Monday. Florida will raise a large sum. GEORGIA BY MRS. FELTON. 1. Georgia is absolutely debarred by constitutional limita- tions from making any appropriation save for legislative and municipal purposes. Therefore it is idle to think of an appro- priation by the State for the Fair. 2. Among the people, however, there is a strong feeling of State pride, which is manifesting itself among the members of the " State Agricultural Society " and its collateral branches within the State's Alliances, and amid the large corporations, institutions, and industries. 3. Nothing, therefore, can be done save by private sub- scription in Georgia. It is the desire and intention of the Commissioners and Lady Managers to organize a "Joint Stock Company " (upon the plan adopted by Texas and other States which have no legislative appropriations), with the hope that a large sum, subscribed for in small amounts, may be procured for a proper exhibit and representation of the State's resources. 4. Our people are conservative more so, perhaps, than the people of any State in the Union. We move slowly, but it the feeling of "pride in the Commonwealth " is once aroused they will subscribe liberally. IDAHO BY MRS. STRAUGHAN. Idaho's appropriation of $20,000 has been increased, through the liberality of Captain de Lamar, to $40,000. He has been made State Commissioner, and it is thought he is where he will do the most good. There are no women on the State Board, neither are the Lady Managers members ex-officio thereof. ILLINOIS BY MRS. PHILLIPS. Illinois reports an appropriation of $800,000, 10 per cent, of which ($80,000) has been put into the hands of the women of the 320 Board of Lady Managers. State Board. This Board is made up of eight members, four of whom are the Lady Managers and their Alternates, the remain- ing four being appointees of Governor Fifer. Plans for State work are still in an embryonic condition, but in a little while Illinois will be in line with her sister States. INDIANA BY Miss BALL. The last Legislature of Indiana appropriated $75,000 for World's Fair purposes, $25,000 of which are to be expended for a State Building. The Lady Managers and their alternates are ex- officio members of the State Board. Twenty-six members com- pose the State Board, four of whom are women. Out of eight committees appointed, five have women upon them. Mrs. Vir- ginia C. Meredith and Mrs. Laura D. Worley, of our National Board, are members of the Executive Committee. Two of the five composing the Committee on Machinery and Manufactures are women; two of the five on the Building Committee are women, and also two of the five that compose the Committee on Education, Arts, and Charities are women. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, who has an international reputation as an educator and progressive woman, is on this committee. IOWA BY MRS. CLARK. The State of Iowa has appropriated $50,000 for the uses of the World's Fair Commission. That was done at the last session of the Legislature, nearly two years since. We expect that this amount will be increased at the next General Assembly in January. The State Board of the men is composed of eleven members. The Board has not recognized the women's depart- ment as yet, but this is merely deferred for the present. The only fear I have in regard to the exhibit of woman's work is an embarrassment of riches. KANSAS BY MRS. HANBACK. The Legislature failed at its last session to make any appro- priation for the Kansas exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, which made it necessary for the people to raise money to carry on the Appendix. 321 work. The Board of Promotion have already $60,000 at their command; $20,000 of this amount will be expended on a State Building. A permanent State Board will be elected September i6th, which will consist of nine members, one from each con- gressional district, and two at large. Every effort will be made to secure recognition for woman on the State Board. KENTUCKY BY Miss FAULKNER AND Miss PAYNE. Since the appointment of the Commissioners in Kentucky, there has been no session of the Legislature, and, except that general interest in the World's Fair is being aroused, no plan of action has yet been inaugurated. LOUISIANA BY Miss MINOR. Louisiana is one of the States whose laws do not permit the making of an appropriation for the World's Fair. We have urged upon our Governor a State organization, but owing to other matters which are absorbing the attention of the public at this time, it is considered best not to bring our commission work before the people at present; therefore -there has been no State organization, and hence no State work to report from Louisiana. (Inserted by Secretary.) MAINE BY MRS. BURLEIGH. Maine has a State Board of four men and four women. The law in Maine includes two members of the National Board of Commissioners, and of the Board of Lady Managers, and their alternates. An appropriation of $40,000 has been made. In the organization in Maine, the women have been equally recognized with the men in filling offices and making up committees. They feel sure that they will be fairly treated relative to the need of the woman's department of State work, and be enabled to make an exhibit worthy the State whose motto is "Dirigo." MARYLAND BY MRS. REED. There is nothing official to report from Maryland. We are looking hopefully to the next Legislature for an appropriation, 322 Board of Lady Managers. when we hope a State Board will be appointed. Space has been secured for a State building. Maryland is rich in resources, with cotton mills and glove factories, which employ a large number of women. MASSACHUSETTS BY MRS. FROST. An organization of a State Board has recently been perfected; there were two ladies and three gentlemen appointed. An acceptable location has been secured for a State building. The Legislature has appropriated $75,000. The State Board was appointed by Governor Russell, and their first circular was issued about a fortnight ago. Massachusetts will be heard from at the World's Fair, with credit to the Commonwealth and Union. Neither the Lady Managers nor the alternates are recognized on the State Board, either by appointment or ex officio. On organization of the Board, I forwarded communications I had received, as belonging to their province. I received courteous acknowledgment and assurance that any suggestions will be most carefully considered. I personally shall do all I can to help the State Board, and know that my colleagues and the alternates will do the same. MICHIGAN BY MRS. HOWES. Michigan has an appropriation of $100,000. The Michigan State Board consists of six members, two of whom are women, besides a Secretary whose office is a salaried one. Two meet- ings have been held at which plans for future work were agreed upon. $20,000 are to be devoted to the construction of the State building, which sum, it is hoped, will be increased by dona- tions of building materials. The work of the State has been so divided that the women are given that for which they are best adapted. MINNESOTA BY MRS. BROWN. There has been no appropriation for the ladies of Minnesota, but they have the assurance from the business men of their State, as well as their Commissioners, that the Lady Managers will receive the necessary means to prosecute their work. Appendix. 323 MISSISSIPPI BY MRS. LEE. Thus far Mississippi has done nothing toward making an exhibit at the Columbian Exposition. Its Legislature convenes in January next, when the Commissioners and Lady Managers will unite in their efforts to secure a liberal appropriation worthy of so great a State. MISSOURI BY MRS. MOORE. The Legislature of Missouri made an appropriation of $150,- ooo. A State Board of seven members has been appointed. The Lady Managers and their alternates are recognized as members ex-officio; four ladies are in the field thus early in the interest of woman's work. MONTANA BY MRS. RICKARD. The ladies' department of Montana consists of five members, including the Lady Managers whose duty it shall be to have charge of products and industries, the fine arts, plain and orna- mental needlework, etc., in which women are interested. It is expected at least one-tenth of the funds appropriated will be set aside for the use of the woman's department. NEBRASKA BY MRS. BRIGGS AND MRS. LANGWORTHY. Nebraska has made an appropriation of $50,000, but has not yet recognized women as an important factor in the work, but there is a strong and growing sentiment in favor of so doing. The Commissioner, General Robert R. Greer, is a great friend of woman's work, as is also the Governor. The State Board of Agriculture has issued invitations to every member of our Board to attend its Fair this month. Letters have been written, and personal work done to interest the ladies of the State, and good things may be expected of Nebraska. The Lady Managers have secured free transporta- tion for World's Fair work throughout the State. NEVADA BY Miss RUSSELL. Owing to financial depression in Nevada, the Legislature failed to make an appropriation, despite the persistent efforts 324 Board of Lady Managers. and hard work of the Commissioners and Lady Managers, However, they are not discouraged a spirit of interest and enthusiasm is developing and they are confident of a sufficient amount of money to establish Nevada's Success at the Fair. NEW HAMPSHIRE BY MRS. HALL. The members of the Commission and Lady Managers went to Concord, and secured an appropriation of $25,000. The National Commissioners and Lady Managers were left off from the State Committees, but we have good reason to think we shall secure recognition later. The Board as now constituted consists of five members. A joint meeting of this Board, with the National Commissioners and Lady Managers was convened to plan for State work. Very little interest has thus far been manifested in the Exposition by the women of the State; but the work they have done in building and furnishing the Soldiers' Home and the Home for Fallen Women, leads us to believe that, when aroused, they will not let New Hampshire fall behind her sister States in making an exhibit at Chicago. We expect to erect a State building of native granite. NEW JERSEY BY Miss BUSSELLE. New Jersey has an appropriation of $20,000 with which to work up State interests. The women of the Board of Lady Managers do not act in conjunction with the State Board at present. Large industrial interests are carried on within her borders, of which, no doubt, adequate representation will be made. NEW YORK BY MRS. VERDENAL, Miss FORD, AND MRS. TRAUTMANN. The political situation in this State last winter, at the regular session of its State Legislature, accounts sufficiently for the apparent inactivity reported. No funds, owing to the arising of a political deadlock in the Legislature, are at present available, but hopes are expressed and confidently stated that New York will provide a suitable exhibit at the Fair. Appendix. 325 NORTH CAROLINA BY MRS. KIDDER AND MRS. PRICE. The appropriation from the Legislature is $25,000. The ladies have most generous recognition on the State Board and expect their full share of money to use for their especial work. The State has many large cotton mills and cigar factories where women are employed. North Carolina being one of the thirteen original States her women are anxious to show their pride in this fact by making a good exhibit, which they no doubt will succeed in doing. NORTH DAKOTA BY MRS. MCLAUGHLIN. The Governor did not see fit to appoint women on the State Board, but the gentlemen are very friendly to woman's work, having invited the Lady Managers to meet with them. The State has quite a number of successful women farmers, who, no doubt, will exhibit some of their fine No. i "hard wheat," raised by them and shipped direct to the Exposition without stopping at any intermediate point for adulteration, OHIO BY MRS. HART AND MRS. HARTPENCE. Ohio has an appropriation of $100,000. We hope for an additional bill, and that a part of the money may be set aside for woman's work. Ohio's Board consists of twenty-three members. The National Commissioners and Lady Managers are ex-officio members. Ohio has great wealth and vast resources. Her women are employed in many industries teachers, artists, musicians, and the charities and no doubt will make a grand exhibit, having received throughout the kindest courtesy from all concerned. Our School of Design, our wood carving, and our pottery, as also our Conservatory of Music, have a national reputation. No doubt these will have many exhibits. OREGON BY MRS. ALLEN AND MRS. PA.YTON. Oregon has no appropriation, but the press, the State Board of Agriculture and of Horticulture, and State Chamber of Commerce have all passed favorable resolutions. Addresses have been made, local clubs have been formed, and a great deal 326 Board of Lady Managers. done to arouse in women an interest in the Fair. Oregon's report declares that their aim is not only to work for the success of the World's Fair, but also for the permanent good of mankind. PENNSYLVANIA BY MRS. LUCAS. The Legislature of Pennsylvania has appropriated $300,000, and created a commission of thirty gentlemen for its disburse- ment. The National Commissioners are ex-officio members, with equal rights and privileges. The Committee on Woman's Work has been granted an office and a Secretary with needed material for immediate work. This Committee has sent out a circular letter to all large and effective organizations of women in the State, and a circular letter to each State asking what relation the Woman's National Commissioners bear to their State Commis- sioners, and we hope to arouse our women to earnest effort. RHODE ISLAND BY Miss DAILEY. The Lady Managers from Rhode Island report an appropria- tion of $25,000. Of that sum $-11,000 will be expended in the erection of a State Building. This will contain Rhode Island's interesting historical exhibit. A prize has been offered to the successful architect designing the building, women being invited also to compete. The Rhode Island State Board is composed of sixteen members," eight of whom are members of the National Commission, being the Commissioners and their alternates, the Lady Managers and their alternates. One of the members of the Board of Lady Managers was chosen Secretary and Treasurer of this Board, another is a member of the Building Committee, and so the good work goes on. SOUTH CAROLINA BY MRS. BRAYTON. The Governor of this State made no recommendation to the last Legislature to the effect that he desired it to pass upon the matter of an appropriation for World's Fair purposes. A col- lection of South Carolina's phosphates, woods, cereal products, and manufactured articles has been exhibited at the National Exposition in New Orleans, Atlanta, and Augusta. This will, Appendix. 327 no doubt, be drawn upon in whole or in part in the production of a State exhibit. The death of Mrs. Darby, one of the Board of Lady Managers originally appointed, has caused a temporary set-back to the promulgation of plans. But, in spite of draw- backs, South Carolina will produce from among her heirlooms and relics a most interesting and instructive exhibit. Her negro population will also be stimulated to show something creditable and surprising to friends, as well as to those who know little of the latent possibilities concealed in this race. Mrs. Thomson, who fills the place made vacant by Mrs. Darby, desires to introduce flower culture into her State, with a view not only of furnishing employment to women and children, but of supplying materials with which to manufacture perfumes, unguents, and pomades. SOUTH DAKOTA BY MRS. BARKER. The bill introduced last winter into the State Legislature for an appropriation failed to pass. In June the Board of Trade of Yankton called a meeting to devise means to raise money for the Exposition. The Governor had also issued a call for a like meeting at Huron. They held one under a joint call. Steps are being taken to send an exhibit of the mining interests of the Black Hills, our jasper quarries, and our agricultural interests. TENNESSEE BY MRS. MASON. The Tennessee Legislature, at its last general session, did not make an appropriation for the World's Fair. Since that time Mrs. Gillespie has gone abroad .and Mrs. Cooke has been removed from the State by her appointment as Secretary. There is a special session of the Legislature in Tennessee at this time, one of the duties of which is to make an appropriation for the World's Fair. The women of Tennessee feel very sure if they make an appropriation we will get all we wish of it. If they do not, we will raise our own money and do our own work. TEXAS BY MRS. TURNER. Texas has a constitutional provision prohibiting the appropriation of public funds for such purposes. Her patriotic 328 Board of Lady Managers. citizens were forced to make other provisions, which they are heroically doing. There are already 600 women actively engaged in the work. Columbian Clubs are being formed and exhibitions for raising money are being given. The ladies of Texas will organize after the manner of the National Board. The Governor is to issue a proclamation for the setting apart of a day as " Children's World's Fair Day." The Texas Lady Managers will report monthly to the National Board of Lady Managers. The Teachers' Association of Texas has offered magnificent prizes to those who will do most toward getting subscriptions for and creating an interest in the work. Twelve thousand teachers will add their contributions and the State is sure to do something worthy of its greatness. VERMONT BY MRS. CHANDLER. Vermont's appropriation is not large, but considering her population it is as large as that of many of the States. The Lady Managers are recognized equally with the men on the State Board. Women are not largely engaged in manufacturing interests in Vermont, except in the dairy and the home. These can hardly be equaled, and the Green Mountain State may be expected to act well in her woman's part in the great Fair. VIRGINIA By MRS. PAUL. There was no meeting of the Legislature last winter, hence no appropriation. Business men have organized for State work and have sought the cooperation of women. Interest is increas- ing in the Fair, and when the Legislature convenes, we confidently expect a generous appropriation. The Old Dominion State will have a creditable exhibit at Chicago. WASHINGTON BY MRS. HOUGHTON. The Legislature of Washington made an appropriation of $100,000, and it is expected $150,000 will be secured through contributions; and it is believed, through the liberality of the Northern Pacific R. R. Company, the State will be enabled to Appendix. 329 get free transportation for its entire exhibit. The law creating the State Board made the Lady Managers members of the State Board. WEST VIRGINIA BY Miss JACKSON. West Virginia hopes to have one of the finest art exhibits at the Columbian Exposition. A rare collection of paintings by cel- ebrated artists has already been secured, and arrangements are being made to carry on the work in the woman's department successfully. WISCONSIN BY MRS. GINTY. There are seven men and one woman on the State Board of Wisconsin, with an appropriation of $65,000 to carry on their work. The members of the National Board are ex-officio mem- bers of the State Board. The ladies did not ask for a special appropriation, as they preferred to work side by side with the men. Rare pearls found in the inland rivers will be among the various exhibits of Wisconsin. WYOMING BY MRS. HALE. The first State to make an appropriation for the World's Fair was Wyoming; $30,000 was provided by the Legislature last winter, $10,000 of this to be used for a building. The expenses of the ladies will be paid while working for woman's exhibits. The expense of transportation in Wyoming is from 5 to 10 cents per mile. The display of woman's work will be small, as there are no manufactories to employ them; but the ladies will use every effort. As Wyoming was the first State to give suffrage to women, it will not fall behind its record. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BY MRS. WILKINS AND MRS. LOCKWOOD. Through information obtained at the patent office, the ladies intend showing, by means of a series of pictures or models, the work of women all over this broad land. A woman has recently been appointed assistant curator of the Botanical Bureau. By means of charts and models, representations of all patents issued by women in the last century will be shown. These will amount 330 Board of Lady Managers. to several thousand. " When the man brought his slain deer and threw it down at the cabin door, and the woman sharpened her flint for a knife, she became the first cutler the real founder of Sheffield. When she removed the hide, she little thought she was becoming the patron saint of all butchers! She rolled up the hide and dressed it, smoked it, curried it, and softened it with implements of stone and bone, thereby making herself the first tanner and currier. From the leather, she cut and made moccasins for her husband, which to his speed added wings." These ladies expect to be able to prove that women were the first millers, the first potters, the first geometricians, the first architects, and so on indefinitely. REPORTS FROM TERRITORIES. ARIZONA BY MRS. LOVELL. Arizona reports $30,000 in hand, with which to prosecute World's Fair work. Congress, however, by reason of her dependence, must approve the Act before she can expend any portion of it. This vast Territory is so little traversed by rail- roads that communication is difficult, and work so far is only in its incipiency. NEW MEXICO Bv MRS. ALBRIGHT AND MRS. BARTLETT. New Mexico has appropriated $25,000, and the counties will make appropriations, thus increasing the sum to $40,000 or $50,000. Throughout the territory a lively interest exists. The work has been divided between two Lady Managers. They propose to have a display of New Mexico Indian work and progress, Indian Mission and Industrial Schools, benevolent societies, agricultural products, tree culture, the flora of New Mexico, etc. The Governor's wife, Mrs. Prince, is greatly interested, and they have every promise of success. OKLAHOMA BY MRS. MILES AND MRS. BEESON. A canvass has been made of nearly the entire State, and much interest aroused. Steps have been taken for a thorough organi- Appendix. 331 zation. The Democratic Territorial Convention passed favorable resolutions, and we are sure this new section will be heard from in 1893. UTAH BY MRS. WHALEN. The women of Utah take great interest in the work. They have good reason to expect the Territorial appropriation to be $100,000. They expect to make a grand exhibit of the Territory's boundless resources of minerals, building stones, vegetables, fruits, and of her great Salt Lake. REPORTS FROM THE CITY OF CHICAGO. Mrs. MEYERS, an alternate from Chicago, made a report regarding a contemplated marine exhibit, which is to be her special province, and will be of exceeding interest. Mrs. DOOLITTLE : The Illinois Woman's Alliance, the Trades Unions, and various labor organizations interested in the welfare of women and children, petitioned the City Council of Chicago during the spring of 1889 to appoint female tenement and factory inspectors. The object they had in view was the reduction of child labor to proper limits, which had not hitherto been accom- plished, and to make life endurable for women and children em- ployed almost everywhere and in every sort of business. The Mayor and Aldermen were interested in the subject from the start, and an ordinance was soon passed authorizing the Mayor to appoint five female inspectors. Heretofore in this country the labor connected with Health Departments had been entirely performed by men, but last year New York, Boston, Lowell, Lynn, and Fall River followed Chicago's example, and it is now an assured fact that women can perform the inspector's duties satisfactorily. It will be interesting, perhaps, to those who knew nothing of the controversy at the time, to hear that at the outset we encountered a serious obstacle that threatened to put an end to our usefulness in this direction. I refer to the refusal, for a time, to administer the oath of office to a woman, on the ground that the law contemplated policemen, not policewomen. After 23 332 Board of Lady Managers. a careful review of the subject by the Corporation Counsel, it was decided that the Common Council had authority to pass ordinances regulating and controlling the Police Department, and it therefore had authority to authorize female police. The appointments were made in the interest of women and children, consequently factories where two or more females are employed are placed under the special supervision of female inspectors. It is their duty to see that work-rooms are comfort- able, cleanly, properly lighted and heated; to insist that they shall not be overcrowded, and to examine toilet-rooms and plumbing of every description. The law in regard to compulsory education is being as rigidly enforced as possible, and no child under fourteen is allowed by law to work without a permit from the Board of Education. In case of necessity permits are given. Two years ago, when we entered- upon our duties, many factories were found in a deplorable condition, overcrowded, poorly ventilated, with the most meager toilet accommodations for women, and often no elevator privileges, and interference by inspectors was regarded by the managers as entirely unwarranted, the officer's star alone preventing doors being closed in our faces. Even that sesame was not always effectual. Our aim was high, and our enthusiasm unbounded, and now, when we return to these establishments, we are gratified to find that a greater degree of neatness prevails, more attention is given to ventilation, and a desire is expressed by those most interested for suggestions from us if we see necessity for further improve- ment. Happy faces greet us now as girls here and there recognize us, where before we saw only a shrinking surprise, and many have already expressed to us the greatest gratification in regard to changes that have been effected by our perseverance. According to statistics in the report published by the Health Department for 1890, there are 98,915 women at work in Chicago (there are 587,319 men), the greater part of whom are in stores and manufacturing establishments. The number of employes in eight of our leading dry good stores is 7,182, 3,381 of whom are females, nearly one-half; in eight paper box factories (these statistics were lately taken by women inspectors), Appendix. 333 there are 67 men and 153 women; in eight printing establish- ments, 494 men and 140 women; men's furnishings, 58 men and 397 women; eight book binderies, 829 men and 630 women; eight boot and shoe factories, 195 men and 198 women; eight tobacco factories, 451 men and 418 women; four candy factories, 339 men and 144 women; four cloak factories, 182 men and 425 women. The number of men employed in these eight factories is 2,615, f women, 2,505. Women will be found in box, shoe, candy, preserving, flavoring extract, suspender, neckwear, knitting, shirt and cloak factories, book binderies, type foundries, and printing offices, and, in fact, in almost every sort of a work- shop, either preparing goods for market or labeling them. They are not, I am sorry to say, as well paid for their services as men. Wages vary according to the work required, inexperienced young girls receiving only two or three dollars a week, while older ones seldom make more than ten. When they work by the piece, as they do in many factories entirely, they may possibly earn a few dollars more ; but this would be an exception, while a man will receive from two to three times the amount, whether he is paid by the week or piece. Forewomen's wages do not often exceed $15 a week, although one factory has been discovered where the forewoman receives $25, and by working over hours manages sometimes to make from $35 to $40. The foreman's wages in the same establishment are $40, and he can make $60. One reason for this apparent undervaluing of women's serv- ices is that many girls who have comfortable homes, where they are well provided for by parents, seek work in these factories of stores in order to procure for themselves luxuries in the way of dress and amusements, and accept lower wages than the really needy can procure the necessaries of life for, thereby either crowding out the most deserving or forcing them to take starvation wages. The law in regard to seats behind counters in stores for the benefit of those who may occasionally find a leisure moment to take advantage of them, has been enforced by women inspectors, and Mr. Otto Young, the manager of a store known as " The Fair," opened last year a school for the cash girls. An instructor 334 Board of Lady Managers. in the common branches of education is furnished by the firm, without charge, from eight until ten every morning, and the chil- dren are so absorbed in their studies, and so eager to learn, that visitors come and go to watch the novel sight, and are amazed to find no wondering eyes fastened upon them. One or two other firms have lately followed this noble example. Attractive lunch-rooms are now furnished by some firms for employes, where tea and coffee can be procured at nominal prices, or facilities for heating the same can be found. For all these changes women inspectors claim the credit. An immense effort has been made to enforce the eight-hour law for the benefit of cash girls and boys, and in several large stores they are now required to work only 8 hours. The good work still goes on, reforms are being constantly inaugurated, and, in 1893, when we desire to have the whole world inspect our city, we hope also to have taken a great step forward in the advancement of workingwomen. I have said nothing about the tenement work, as the field is so large and interesting that I could not do justice to it in the time that I feel at liberty to monopolize. I am happy to have been able to make this statement, for two reasons. So little has been published in regard to our work that the public generally are entirely ignorant of it, and I am especially happy to have the opportunity of asking the ladies assembled here (those who have not already done so), to take an active interest in the condition of workingwomen, to agitate the subject in their^ cities and towns, and, taking courage by what a few have succeeded in doing in Chicago, to bring about a revolution in such matters throughout the United States, and by its example throughout the world. I thank you for your attention, and, as I have only touched upon the different points, I will be glad to aid any one who is interested in investigating the subject more thoroughly. [By special request this was ordered printed with the State reports.]