L I E. R.ARY OF THE UNIVERSITY or ILLINOIS 920.077349 P839 111. Hist. Surv TYZ i^-^ -^-»- fOipipP 1 Ifll -< < r-:-i " •^^50- Ji^ l^^^ip^ ^-'^"c;;''*^. '^ ^ '/iat f/ i^-m- —MM T kxuTXKZTZxi rrxizxx^utnlZKii Knox County, Illinois, CONTAINING Full Page Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens of the County, TOGETHER WITH PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES OF ALL THE GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS, AND OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Also Containing a History of the County from its Earliest Settlement Up to the Present Time. *V CHICAGO: BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1 8 8 (i . 4-^ pf ^ I '1 If ', , ^ ^^ HAVE completed our labors in writing and compiling the Portrait and Bio- iGRAPHiCAL Album of this county, and wish, in presenting it to our patrons, to speak briefly of the importance of local works of this nature. It is certainly the duty of the present to commemorate the past, to perpetuate the names of the pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and to relate the story of their progress. »- The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age, and this solemn duty which - • ' ^ men of the present time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In local history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this region from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the noble men, who in their \-igor and prime came early to the county and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number remaining who can relate the history of the first days of seitiement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity e.xists for the collection and preservation of his- torical matter without delay, before the settlers of the wilderness are cut down by time. Not only isitof the greatest importance to render histor)' of pioneer times full and accurate, but it is also essen- tial that the history of the county, from its settlement to the present day, should be treated through its various phases, so that a record, complete and impartial, may be handed down to the future. The present the age of progress, is reviewed, standing out in bold relief over the quiet, unostentatious olden times; it is abrilliant record, which is destined to live in the future; the good works of men, their magnificent enterprises, ihcii lives, whether commercial or militarj", do not sink into oblivion, but, on the contrary, grow brighter with age, and contribute to build up a record which carries with it precedents and principles that will 1 e advanced and observed when the acts of soulless men will be forgotten and their very names hidden in obscurity. In the prepararion of the personal sketches contained in this volume, unusual care and pains were taken to have them accurate, even in the smallest detail. Indeed, nothing was passed lightly over or treated indifferently ; and we flatter ourselves that it is one of the most accurate works of its nature ever published As one of the most interesting features of this work, we present the portraits of numerous represent- ative citizens. It has been our aim to have the prominent men of to-day, as well as the pioneers, represented in this department; and we congratulate ourselves on the uniformly high character of the gentlemen whose portraits we present. They are in the strictest sense representative men, and are selected from all the call- ings and professions worthy to be given. There are others, it is true, who claim equal prominence with those given; but of course it was impossible for us to give portraits of all the leading men and pioneers of the county. We are under great obligation to many of the noble and generous people of this county for kindly and material assistance in the preparation of this Album. Chicago, August, 1886. CHAPMAN BROTHERS, ■4-a- 1343158 -H- -^^ ^SEISIIs 'iisr. %, ilTSI M.^A.\A n^ Ti Illii AND OF THE OF TNE ^^-fe^ ^C^(<>^}. 3^?^^ nAj + -hP-^ r^r^^ 1 ^0 ^Xi ^^ ■ii=^^^2=5-sfe:_ 4^ ^IS SID® tjl'^a ■ cT_i. A_o } M "T^ ■— f- LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUNO''^ ^— ^ ■ v. FIRST PRESIDENT. u '9 GEDBBE WASra??BTDI^, '1' ; »' ;^'^' ^sj'-^^j'.; I'-^i' ; ■' ; i' Ja';g>'?tei';^:*: . V tiS>' c^''l?^^t''« ■' I HE Father of our Country was born in Westmorland Co., Va., Feb. 22, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary (Ball) Washington. The family to which he belonged has not been satisfactorily traced in England. His great-grand- father, John Washington, em- igrated to Virginia about 1657, and became a prosperous planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, .Augustine and Mildred. Augus- tine, the father of George, fi:st married Jane Butler, who bjre him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. Augusrine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Patomac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon,, and to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighborhood schools afforded, save for a short time after he left school when he received private instruction in mathematics. His spelling was rather defective. Remarkable stories are told of his great physical strength and development at an early age. He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fair- ness and veracity which characterized his whole life. When George was 1 4 years old he had a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposition of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later he was apix>iniedj surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved vt;ry essential to him. In 1 751, though only ig years of age, he was apix)inted adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia miliria, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her demise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George. Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie, as Lieutai- ant-Governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four mili- tary districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and ac- cepted, which others had refused. This was to pro- ceed to the French jxist near Lake Erie in North- western Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indian '^' The "T* GEORGE WASHINGTON. trip was a perilous one, and several limes he came near losing his life, yet he returned in safety and furnished a full and useful report of his expedition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in com- mand of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war %yas then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, r75S, known as Brad- dock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinction who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of Braddock were disabled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says : "I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was levelino my companions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him. After having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal army, he look advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his commission. Soon after he entered tlie Legislature, where, although not a leader, he took an active and imix)rtant part. January 17, 1759, he remarried Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy I widow of John Parke Custis. When the British Parliament had closed the port lof Boston, the cry went up throughout the ])rovinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a Con- gress of all the colonies was called to meet at Phila- delphia,Sept. 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties, peaceably if possible. To this Congress Col. Wash- ington was sent as a delegate. On May 10, 1775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of Con- cord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this Congress was the election of a com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred uix)n \\'ashington, who was still a memberof the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress lo pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, to whom the fortunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under every possible disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, 17S3, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the army to to the Continental Congress sitting at Annaixjlis. He retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumed his occupalior. as a farmer and planter, shunning all connection with public lite. In February, 1 7 89, Washington was unanimously elected President. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a new government ; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other governments; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the imjxiverislied condition of the country, owing to the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of part}' strife. He was no partisan. His clear judgment could discern the golden mean; and while perhaps this alone kept our government from sinking at the veiy outset, it left him exj'osed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying. At the expiration of his first term he was unani- mously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the expiraton of his second terra as Presi- dent, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remaining yeais free from the annoyances of public life. I-ater in the year, however, his rejxjse seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France. .\t the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He chose his sub- ordinate officers and left to them the charge of mat- ters in the field, which he superinter.ded from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling ill h's throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the night of the fourteenth. On the eigh- teenth his body was borne wi'h military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon. Of the character of Washington it is impossible to speak but in terms of the highest resjject and ad- Uiiration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of uniting all opinions in a common interest, the more highly we must estimate the force of his tal- ent and character, which have been able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and principles, and na- tions, and to win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but believe will be as lasting as the existence of man. The person of Washington was unusally tall, erect and well proportioned. His muscular strength was great. His features were of a beautiful symmetn'. He commanded respect without any appearance of haughtiness, and ever serious without being dull. _ . '•:> - THOMAS JETPEBSDA', -%• HO^fAS JEFFERSON was = '^ born April 2, 1743, at Shad- 5>\ ^^*'ell, Albermarle county, Va. V His iwrents were Peter and / Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, the former a native of Wales, and the latter bom in Lon- don. To them were bom six daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, hav- ing been kept diligently at school from the time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William and Mar)- Qjllege. Williamsburg was then the seat of the Colonial Court, and it was the obode of fashion a.id splendor. Voting Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yet he was earnestly devoted to his studies, and irreproacha- ablc in his morals. It is strange, however, under such influenceSjthat he was not ruined. In the sec- ond year of his college course, moved by some un- explained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He,ofien devoted fifteen hours a day to hard study, allowing himself for ex- ercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out ! of the city and back again. He thus attained ver>' high intellectual culture, alike excellence in philoso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility. A more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from college halls ; and -:- — A there was not to be found, perhaps, in all Virginia, a more pureminded, upright, gentlemanly young man. Immediately ui)on leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time he continued in the practice of his profession he rose rapidly and distin- guished himself by his energy and accuteness as a law\-er. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonics, and the enlarged views which Jefferson h.id ever entertained, soon led him into active jjolitical life. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a very beauti- ful, wealthy and highly acconii)lished young widow. Upon Mr. Jefferson's large estate at Shadwell, there was. a majestic swell of land, ca'.led Moiiticello, which commanded a prosi>ect of wonderful extent and beauty. This spot Mr. Jefferson selected (or his new home; and here he reared a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture, which, ne.xt to Mount Vernon, i>ecame the most distinguished resort in our land. In 1775 he was sent to the Qlonial Congress, where, though a silent member, his abilities as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was placed uix)n a number of imixjrtant committees, and was chairman of the one appointed for the draw- ing up of a declaration of independence. This com- mittee consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John .\dan)s, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Shennan and Robert R. Livingston. Jefferson, as chainnan, was apixjinted to draw up the pai>cr. Franklin and .Adams suggested a few verbal changes before it was submitted to Con- gress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776. What must have been the feelings of that t^ -H- i. THOMAS JEFFERSON. man — what the emotions that swelled his breast — who was charged with the preparation of that l!)ec- laration, which, while it made known the wrongs of America, was also to publish her to the world, free, soverign and independent. It is one of the most re- markable papers ever written ; and did no other effort of tiie mind of its author exist, that alone would be sufficient to stamp his name with immortality. In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick Henry, c.s Governor of Virginia. At one time the British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after tlie hurried escape of Mr. Jef- ferson and his family, ere his mansion was in posses- sion of the British troops. His wife's health, never very good, was much injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died. Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two years later he was appointed Minister Plenipo- tentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he Ijecame Secretary of State m Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan. I, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice Presi- dent, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President. 1 The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstra- tion was disturbed by an event which threatened the tranquility and peace of the (Jnior. ; this was the con- spiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election to the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition into the Spanish territories on our southwestern frontier, for the purpose of forming there a new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character. In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for whicli Mr. Jefferson had lieeu elected, he determined to retire from political life. For a period of nearly forty years, he had been continually before the pub- tic, and all that time had been employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus de- voted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years required, and upon the organization of the new administration, in March, i8og, he bid fare- well forever to public life, and retired to Monticello. Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, — fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses, — and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticello, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place. The fourth of July, 1826, being the fiftieth anniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence, great preparations were made in every part of the Union for its celebration, as the nation's jubilee, and the citizens of Washington, to add to the solemnity ot the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer, and one of the few surviving signers of the Declara- tion, to participate in their testivities. But an ill- ness, whicli had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decline the invitation. On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left liim, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained no hope of his recovery. From this time he was perfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the next d;iy, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on being told it was the third of July, he expressed the earnest wish that he might be perniirted to breathe t! e airof the fiftieth anniversary. His prayer was heard — that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst U|K)n his eyes, and then they v\ere closed for- ever. And what a noble coi'.suuimation of a noble life ! To die on that day, — the birthday of a nation,- - the day which his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked u|i to him, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill ui) the record his life. Almost at the same hour of his death, the kin- dred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, the chanii)ions of freedom; hand in hand, during the dark and des|!er- ate struggle of tlie Revolution, they had cheered and animated their desponding countrymen; for half a century they had labored together for the good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided. In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in lieight, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in after life became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his fore- head broad, and his whole countenance intelligent and thoughtful. He possessed great fortiti:de of mind as well as personal courage ; and his coniniar.d of tem- per was such that hi-; oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and un- affected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all found at his house a ready welcome. In conver- sation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finished classical scholar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his style upon the best models of antiquity. ^H \ LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF llMwnis ^lyt^i^^-^ .^^OC CC^-c^ <7'V, jprriEsnpDisoi] -1- ± FOURTH PRESIDENT. 3' AMES MADISON, "Father of llie Constitution,'' and fourth 'President of the United States, was born March i6, 1757, and died at his home in Virginia, '^ June 28, 1836. The name of James Madison is inseparably con- nected with most of tiie important events in that heroic period of our country during which the founda- tions of tliis great republic were laid. He was the last of the founders of the Constitution of the United States to l)e i:alled to his eternal reward. The Madison family were among the early emigrants to the New World, mding u[X)n the shores of the Chesa- peake but 15 years after the settle- ment of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent ilanter, residing uix>n a very fine es- tate called "Mout])elier," Orange Co., Va. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery highly pictur- escjue and romantic, on the west side of South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and jwlitical attachment existed between these illustrious men, from their early youth until deatii. The early education of Mr. Madison was conducted mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of 18 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Here he applied himself to study with the most i-^ prudent zeal; allowing himself, for months, but three hours' sleep out of the 24. His health thus iiecameso seriously impaired that he never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 177 i. with a feeble body, with a character of utmost purity, and with a mind liiglily disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellished and gave proficiency to his subsf ([uent career. Returning to Virginia, he commenced the study ot law and a course of e.vtensive and systematic reading. This educational course, the spirit of ihe times in which he lived, and the society with which he asso- ciated, all combined to inspire him with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for his life-woik ol a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to be long, he diiected especial atten- tion to theological studies. Endowed with a mind singularly free from passion and prejudice, and with almost unequalled rowers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith became so established as never to be shaken. In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), he was a candidate for the General .Assembly. He refused to treat the whisky-lovii.g voters, and conse(piently lost his election ; but those who had witnessed llie talent, energy and public spirit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and he was appointed to the E.veculive Council. Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were Clovernors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of the Council ; and their appreciation of his ^ ^K t 32 JAMES MADISON. I intellectual, social and moral worth, contributed not a little to his subsequent eminence. In the year 1780, he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Here he met the most illustrious men in our land, and he was immediately assigned to one of the most conspicuous positions among them. For three years Mr. Madiscn continued in Con- gress, one of its most active and influential members. In the year 1784, his term having exiiired, he was elected a member of the Virginia Legislature. No man felt more deeply tiian Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no na- tional government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. There was not any State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efficient national government must be formed. In Januar)', 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to ai)[ioint commis- sioners to meet in convention at Annapolis to discuss this subject. Five States only were represented. The convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging all the States to send their delegates to Philadeliihia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for tlie United States, to take the place of that Confederate League. The delegates met at the time appointed. F,very State but Rhode Island was represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention; and the present Consti- tution of the United States was then and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more ac- tive in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison. The Constitution, adopted by a vote 81 to 79, was to be presented to the several States for acceptance. But grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left but a conglomeration of independent States, with but little ix)wer at home and little respect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by tne conven- tion to draw up an address to the people of the United States, expounding the principles of the Constitution, and urging its adoption. There was great opposition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789. Mr. Madison was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed leader of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs Todd, a young widow of remarkable power of fascination, whom he married. She was in person and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occupied so prominent a ix)sition in the ver\' peculiar society which has constituted our republican court as Mrs. Madiso' . Mr. Madison served as Secretarj' of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administration was chosen President. At this time the encroach- ments of England had brought us to the verge of war. • '-'T British orders in council destioyed our commerce, and our flag was exposed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, retiring in his disposition, war had no charms for him. But the meekest spirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American ship brought to, u[X)n the ocean, by the guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the cicw to be paraded before him. With great nonchal- ance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as Britisli subjects ; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gun- deck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of search and im- pressment, no efforts of our Government could induce the British cabir.et to relinijuish. On the 18th of June, 181 2, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal parly to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on the 4th of March, 1813, was re-elected by a large majority, and entered uiHDn his second term of office. This is not the place to describe the various adventures of this war on the land and on the water. Our infant" navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grap- pling with the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the aupearance of a British fleet, early in February, 18 13, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the LTnited States under blockade. The Emperor of Russia offered his services as me , ditator. America accepted ; England refused. A Brit- ish force of five thousand men landed on the banks of the Patuxet River, near its entrance into Chesa- peake Bay, and marched rapidly, by way of Bladens- burg, upon Washington. The straggling little city of Washington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole population fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the door to await his speedy return, hurried to meet the officers in a council ot war He met our troops utterly routed, and he could not go back without danger of being captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Presidential Mansion, the Capitol, and all the jjublic buildings in Washington were in flames. The war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, 1815, the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. On the 4th of March, iSty, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beau- tiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the re- mainder of his days. On June 28, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madi son died July 12, 1849. \ LIBRARY GF THE Li-ilVERSiTY OF |(|iw a* FIFTH PRESIDENT. 35 ^(Mis^ pri]Esn]oi]itOE.^^t is^ \\ AMES MONROE, the fifth IS President of The United States, was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 1758. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. His ancestors had for 1 ,_j_l9 many years resided in the prov- ince in which he was born. When, at 17 years of age, in the process of completing his education at William and Mary College, the Co- lonial Congress assembled at Phila- delphia to deliberate u[)on the un- just and manifold oppressions of Great Britian, declared the separa- tion of the Colonies, and i^romul- gated the Declaration of Indepen- dence. Had he been born ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots. He joined the army when everything looked hope- less and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came ixjuring in ; and the tones not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disheartened the new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the prospect of con- tending with an enemy whom they had been taught to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through difficulty and danger, the United States owe their political emancipation. The young cadet joined the ranks, and esjwused the cause of his injured country, with a firm determination to live or die with her strife •yi for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the mel- ancholy retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through New Jersey. In four months after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charg- ing upon the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder. As a reward for his bravery, Mr. Monroe was pro- moted a captain of infantr)' ; and, having recovered from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of promotion, by becoming an officer in the staff of Lord Sterling. During the cam- paigns of 1777 and r778, in the actions of Brandy- wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-de-camp; but becoming desirous to regain his position in the army, he exerted himself to collect a regiment for the' Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. Upon this failure he entered the office of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Governor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study of common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on tlie invasions of the enemy, ser\'ed as a volun- teer, during the two years of his legal pursuits. In 1782, he was elected from King George county, a member of the Legislature of Virginia, and by that body he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age ; and having at this early period displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremitting energy for the public good, I «f* ^-^ 36 JAMES MONROE. he was in the succeeding year chosen a member of the Congress of the Uniicd States. Deeply as Mr. Monroe ft;lt the imperfet tionsof theold Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republican party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. Still he re- tained the esteem of his friends who were its warm supporters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoption. In 1789, he became a member of the United States Senate ; which office he held for four years. Every month the line of distinction be- tween the two great parties which divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now sep- arated them were, that the Republican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a strict construction of the Constitution as to give the Central Government as little power, and the State Governments as much ])ower, as the Constitution would warrant. The Federalists sympathized with England, and were in favor of a liberal construction of the Con- stitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize. The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and James Monroe the Republican, never breathed. In building up this majestic nation, which is destined ^to eclipse all Grecian and Assyrian greatness, the com- bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light equilibrium. And yet each in his day was de- nounced as almost a demon. Washington was then President. England had es- poused the cause of the Bourbons against the princi- ples of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from a tyranny a thousand-fold worse than that which we had endured Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the Pres- ident's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was de- nouncing the policy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to the Republic of France. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations. Shortly after his return to this country, Mr. Mon- roe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held the office ior three yeais. He was again sent to Prance to co-ojierate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had but shortly before ob- tained from Spain. Tneir united efforts were suc- cessful. For the comparatively small sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the entire territory of Orleans and district of Louisiana were added to the United States. This was probably the largest transfer of real estate which was ever made in all the history of the world. From France Mr. Monroe went to England to ob- tain from that country some recognition of our rights as neutrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. but Eng- land was unrelenting. He again returned to Eng- land on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his liome and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State under Madison. While in this office war with England was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trying times, the duties of the War Department were also put upon him. He was truly the armor- bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return of peace he resigned the Department of War, but con- tinued in the office of Secretary of State until the ex- piration of Mr. Madison's adminstration. At the elec- tion held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opposition, and upon March 4, 1817, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term. Among the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the United States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine.'' This famous doctrine, since known as the " Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in T823. At that time the United States had recognized the independ- ence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European (xjwers longer attempting to sub- due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is as follows: "That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their sys- tem to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the jJurjMse of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by European powers of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the approved sentiment of the United States. At the end of his second term Mr Monroe retired to his home in Virginia, where he lived until 1830, when he went to New York to live with his son-in- law. In that city he died,on the 4th of July, 1831. •-K=Z LIBRARY OF THE UWIVERSITV OF ILLINOIS J. 5, t SIXTH PRESIDENT. 39 ZXAV.; 3or?i] Qnii]6Y p:«ri]s. ^ o OHV QUINCY ADAMS, the 'h) sixth President of the United ^^t^tes, was born in tiie rural home of his honored father. John Adams, in Quincy, Mass., on the 1 1 th cf J uly, 1767. His mother, a woman of exaUed worth, watched over his childhood duruig the almost constant ab- sence of his father. Wjien but eight years of age, he stood with his mother on an eminence, listen- ing to the booming of the great bat- lie on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on upon the smoke and flames billow- ing up from the conflagration of Charlestown. When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of his mother, to sail with his father for Europe, through a fleet of hostile British cruisers. The bright, animated boy spent a year and a half in Paiis, where his father was associated with Franklin and Lee as minister plenipotentiary. His intelligence attracted the notice of these distinguished men, and he received from them flattering murks of attention. Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this country, in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad. Again John Quincy accompanied his father. At Paris he applied himself with great diligence, for si.\ months, to study; then accompained his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in ,'Vmsterdani, then the University at Leyden. About a year from this time, in 178 1, when the manly boy was but fourteen years of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our min- ister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant lal)or and of enobling culture he s[>ent fourteen months, and then returned to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. This long journey he took alone, in the winter, when in his sixteenth year. Again he resumed his studies, under a pgvate tutor, at Hague. Thence, in the spring of 1782, he accompanied his father to Paris, traveling leisurely, and forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Continent; examining architectural remains, galleries of paintings, and all renowned works of art. At Paris he again i)ecame associated with the most illustrious men of all lands in the contemplations of the loftiest temporal themes which can engross the human mind. After a short visit to England he returned to Paris, and consecrated all his energies to study until May, 1785, when he returned to America. To a brilliant young man of eighteen, who had seen much of the world, and who was familiar with tlie etiquette of courts, a residence with his father in London, under such cir- cumstances, must have been extremely attractive; but witli judgment very rare in one of his age, he pre- ferred to return to America to complete his education in an .\merican college. He wished then to study law, that with an honorable profession, he might be able to obtain an independent support. Upon leaving Harvard College, at the age of twenty, he studied law for three years. In June, 1794, be- ing then but twenty-seven years of age, he was ap- pointed by Washington, resident minister at the Netherlands. Sailing from Boston in July, lie reached London in October, where he was immediately admit- ted to the deliberations of Messrs. Jay and I'inckney, assisting them in negotiating a commercial treaty with Gieat Brilian. After thus spending a fortnight in London, he proceeded to the Hague. In July, 1797, he left the Hague to go to Portugal as minister plenipotentiary. On his way to Portugal, upon arriving in London, he met with despatches directing him to the court of Berlin, but requesting him to remain in London until lie should receive his instructions. While waiting he was mairied to an American lady to whom he had been previously en- gaged, — Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson, daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American consul in London; a lady endownd with that beauty and those accom- lilishment which eminently fitted her to move in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. •^Hr -t4— --t-i- 40 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. OJ He reached Berlin with his wife in November, 1 7 97 ; where he remained until July, 1799, when, havingful- filled all the purposes of his mission, he solicited his recall. Soon after his return, in 1802, he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts, from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. Especially did he sustain the Govern- ment in its measures of resistance to the encroach- ments of England, destroying our commerce and in- sulting our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resistance. In 1809, Madison succeeded Jefferson in the Pres- idential chair, and he immediately nominated John Quincy Adams minister to St. Petersaurg. Resign- ing his professorship in Harvard College, he embarked at Boston, in August, 1809. While in Russia, Mr. Adams was an intense stu- dent. He devoted his attention to the language and history of Russia; to the Chinese trade; to the European system of weights, measures, and coins ; to the climate and astronomical observations ; while he a* kept up a familiar acquaintance with the Greek and T Latin classics. In all the universities of Europe, a more accomplished scholar could scarcely be found. All through life the Bible constituted an important *■ part of his studies. It was his rule to read five chapters every day. On the 4th of March, 18 17, Mr. Monroe took the Presidential chair, and immediately apixiinted Mr. Adams Secretary of State. Taking leave of his num- erous friends in public and private life in Europe, he sailed in June, 1819, for the United States. On the i8th of August, he again crossed the threshold of his home in'Quincy. During the eight years of Mr. Mon- roe's administration, Mr. Adams continued Secretary of State. Some time before the close of Mr. Monroe's second term of office, new candidates began to be presented for the Presidency. The friends of Mr. Adams brought forward his name. It was an exciting campaign. Party spirit was never more bitter. Two hundred and sixty electoral votes were cast. Andrew Jackson re- ceived ninety- nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one; Henry Clay, thirty- seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all the disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous and persistent assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more disgraceful in the past historj' of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream, upon this high-minded, upright, patriotic man. There never was an administration more pure in principles, more con- scientiously devoted to the best interests of the coun- try, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, per- haps, was there an administration more unscrupu- lously and outrageously assailed. Mr. Adams was, to a very remarkable degree, ab- stemious and temperate in his habits; always rising early, and taking much exercise. \\ hen at his h.omein Quincy, he has been known to walk, before breakfast, seven miles to Boston. In Washington, it was said that he was the first man up in the city, lighting his own fire and applying himself to work in his library often long before dawn. On the 4th of March, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Andrew Jackson. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice Presi- dent. The slavery question now began to assume fwrtentous magnitude. Mr. .^dams returned to Quincy and to his studies, which he pursued with un- abated zeal. But he was not long permitted to re- main in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected representative to Congress. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the jxjst as repre- sentative, towering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle' for freedom, and winning the title of "the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House, he announced that he should hold him- self bound to no party. Probably there never was a member more devoted to his duties. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could be brought forward and escape his scrutiny. 1 he battle which Mr. .\dams fought, almost singly, against the proslaverj' party in the Government, was sublime in Its moral dating and lieroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the grand jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassination : but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. It has been said of President Adams, that when his body was bent and his hair silvered by the lapse of fourscore years, yielding to the simple faith of a little child, he was accustomed to repeat every night, before he slept, the prajer which his mother taught him in his infant years. On the 2istof February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress, with a paper in his hand, to address the speaker. Suddenly he fell, again stricken by paraly- sis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless, as he was conveyed to the sofa in the rotunda. With reviving conscious- ness, he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said " This is the end of earth .-"then after a moment's pause he added, ^^ I am eonfenf" These were the last words of the grand "Old Man Eloquent." L13RARY OF THE L'NIVERSITy OF ILLINOIS (2J^7-z.a^7^..^<^9 7:^ .^^^^ SEVENTH PRESIDENT. 43 JAOK! c^-' J ^ .? ^*?^r ^ J N'DREW JACKSON, the V seventh President of the ].'■" L nited States, was born in Waxhaw settlement, N. C, March 15, 1767, a few days after his father's death. His parents were poor emigrants from Ireland, and took up their abode in Waxhaw set- tlement, where they lived in deepest poverty. Andrew, or Andy, as he was universally called, grew up a very rough, rude, turbulent boy. His features were coarse, his form un- gainly; and there was but very little in his character, made visible, which was at- tractive. When only thirteen years old he joined the volun- teers of Carolina against the British invasion. In 1781, he and his brother Robert were captured and imprisoned for a time at Camden. A British officer ordered him to brush his mud-spattered boots. " I am a prisoner of war, not your servant," was the reply of the dauntless boy. The bnite drew his sword, and aimed a desi)erate blow at the head of the helpless young prisoner. Andrew raised his hand, and thus received two fear- ful gashes, — one on the hand and the other upon the head. The officer then turned to his brother Robert with the same demand. He also refused, and re- ceived a blow from the keen-edged sabre, which quite diiabled him, and which probably soon after caused his death. They suffered muchother ill-treatment, and were finally stricken with the small-pox. Their mother was successful in obtaining their exchange, and took her sick boys home. After a long illness Andrew recovered, and the death of his mother soon left him entirely friendless. Andrew supported himself in various ways, such as working at the saddler's trade, teaching school and clerking in a general store, until 1784, when he entered a law office at Salisbury, N. C. He, however, gave more attention to the wild amusements of the times than to his studies. In 1788, he was apixDinted solicitor for the western district of Norili Carolina, of which Tennessee was then a part. This involved many long and tedious journeys amid dangers of every kind, but Andrew Jackson never knew fear, and the Indians had no desire to repeat a skirmish with the Sharp Knife. In T791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supix)sed herself divorced from her former husband. Great was the surprise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditions of the divorce had just been definitely settled by the first liusband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occur- rence was often used by his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor. During these years he worked hard at his profes- sion, and frequently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was espec- ially disgraceful. In January, 1796, the Territory of Tennessee then containing nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, the people met in convention at Knoxville to frame a con- stitution. Five were sent from each of the eleven counties. Andrew Jackson was one of the delegates. The new State was entitled to but one member in the National House of Representatives. Andrew Jack- son was chosen that member. Mounting his horse he rode to Philedelphia, where Congress then lield its -M* -6-^ 44 ANDRE IV JACKSON. ^^ sessions, — a distance of about eight hundred miles. Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Demo- cratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, Gcrt. Washington, whose second term of office was then expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve of the address, and was one of the twelve wlio voted against it. He was not willing to say that Gen. Washington's adminstration had been " wise, firm and patriotic." Mr. Jackson was elected to the United States Senate in 1797, but soon resigned and returned home. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of his State, which position he held for si.x years. When the war of 181 2 with Great Britian com- menced, Madison occupied the Presidential chair. Aaron Burr sent word to the President that there was an unknown man in the West, Andrew Jackson, who would do credit to a commission if one were con- ferred ujxjn him. Just at that time Gen. Jackson offeied his services and those of twenty-five hundred volunteers. His offer was accepted, and the troops were assembled at Nashville. As the British were hourly expected to make an at- tack upon New Orleans, where Gen Wilkinson was in command, he was ordered to descend the river with fifteen hundred troops to aid Wilkinson. The expedition reached Natchez; and after a delay of sev- eral weeks there, without accomplishing anything, the men were ordered back to their homes. But the energy Gen. Jackson had displayed, and his entire devotion to the comrfort of his soldiers, won him golden opinions; and he became the most iX)pular man in the State. It was in this expedition that his toughness gave him the nickname of " Old Hickor\'." Soon after this, while attempting to horsewhip Col. Thomas H. Benton, for a remark that gentleman made about his taking a part as second in a duel, in which a younger brother of Benton's was engaged, he received two severe pistol wounds. While he was lingering ujxm a l>ed of suffering news came that the Indians, who had combined under Tecumseh from Florida to the Lakes, to extenninate the white set- tlers, were committing the most awful ravages. De- cisive action became necessary. Gen. Jackson, with his fractured bone just beginning to heal, his arm in a sling, and unable to mount his horse without assis- tance, gave his amazing energies to the raising of an army to rendezvous at Fayettesville, Alaljama. .The Creek Indians had established a strong fort on one of thebendsof theTallaixjosa River, near the cen- ter of Alabama, about fifty miles below Fort Strother. With an army of two thousand men, Gen. Jackson traversed the pathless wilderness in a march of eleven days. He reached their fort, called Tohopeka or Horse-shoe, on the 27th of March. 1814. The bend ' - X- of the river enclosed nearly one hundred acres of tangled forest and wild ravine. Across the narrow neck the Indians had constructed a formidable breast- -work of logs and brush. Here nine hundred warriors, with an ample suply oi arms were assembled. The fort was stormed. The fight was utterly des- perate. Not an Indian would accept of quarter. \\'hen bleeding and dying, they would fight those who en- deavored to spare their lives. From ten in the morn- .ing until dark, the battle raged. The carnage was awful and revolting. Some threw themselves into the river; but the unerring bullet struck their heads as they swam. Nearly ever)- one of the nine hundred war- rios were killed A few probably, in the night, swam the river and escaped. This ended the war. The [x)wer of the Creeks was broken forever. This bold plunge into the wilderness, with itsterriffic slaughter, so appalled the savages, that the haggard remnants of the bands came to the camp, begging for peace. This closing of the Creek war enabled us to con- centrate all our militia uix)n the British, who were the allies of the Indians No man of less resolute will than Gen. Jackson could have conducted this Indian campaign to so successful an issue Immediately he was apjxjinted major-general. » Late in .\ugust, with an army of two thousand men, on a rushing march. Gen. Jackson came to , Mobile. A British fleet came from Pensacola, landed . a force upon the beach, anchored near the little fort,"" and from both ship and shore commenced a furious ■ assault. The battle was long and doubtful. At length 1 one of the ships was blown up and the rest retired. J Garrisoning Mobile, where he had taken his little army, he moved his troops to New Orleans, And the battle of New Orleans which soon ensued, was in reality a verj' arduous campaign. This won for. Gen. Jackson an imperishable name. Here his troops, which numbered about four thousand men, won a signal victory over the Brirish army of about nine thousand. His loss was but thirteen, while the loss of the British was two thousand six hundred. The name of Gen. Jackson soon began to be men- tioned in connection with the Presidency, but, in 1824, he was defeated by Mr. Adams. He was, however, successful in the election of 1828, and was re-elected for a second term in 1832. In 1829, just before he assumed the reins of the government, he met with the most terrible affliction of his life in the death of his wife, whom he hadlovedwith adevorion which has perhaps never been surpassed. From the shock of her death he never recovered. His administration was one of the most memorable in the annals of our countr)'; applauded by one party, condemned by the other. No man had more bitter enemies or warmer friends. .\t the expiration of his two terms of office he retired to the Hermitage, where he died lune 8, 1845. The last years of ^Ir. Jack- son's life wc-e that of a devoted Christian man. LIBRARY OF THE DIVERSITY OF ILLINl i V / ^72^^^ -^^^i^^^i^-^-^^^ EIGHTH PRESIDENT. 47 \ ^^^^^\®m^>^^^ I]Q:aRTII] V;?!] BUREI]. ARTIN VAN BUREN, the eighth President of the United States, was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1782. He died at the same place, July 24, 1862. His body rests in the cemetery at Kinderhook. Above it is a plain granite shaft fifteen feet high, bearing a simple inscription about halt way up on one face. The lot is unfenced, unbordered or unboui'.ded by slirub or flower. There is but little iii the life of Martin Van Buren of rumantic interest. He fought no battles, engaged ill no wild adventures. Though his life was stormy in political and intellectual conflicts, and he gained many signal victories, his days passed uneventful in those incidents which give zest to biography. His an- cestors, as his name indicates, were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Holland to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a farmer, residing in the old town of Kinderhook. His mother, also of Dutch lineage, was a woman of superior intel- ligence and exemplary piety. He was decidedly a precocious boy, developing un- usual activity, vigor and strength of mind. At the age of fourteen, he had finished his academic studies in his native village, and commenced the study of law. As he had not a collegiate education, seven years of study in a law-office were reijuired of him before he could be admitted to the bar. Inspired with a lofty ambition, and conscious of his powers, he pur- sued his studies with indefatigable industry. After spending six years in an office in his native village, he went to the city of New York, and prosecuted his studies for the seventh year. In 1803, Mr. Van Buren, then twenty-one years of age, commenced the practice of law in his native vil- lage. The great conflict between the Federal and Republican party was then at its height. Mr. Van Buren was from the beginning a politician. He had, ' perhaps, imbibed that spirit while listening to the many discussions which had been carried on in his father's hotel. He was in cordial sympathy with ** Jefferson, and earnestly and eloquently espoused the cause of State Rights ; though at that time the Fed- eral party held the supremacy both in his town and State. His success and increasing ruputation led him, after six years of practice, to remove to Hudson, the county seat of his county. Here he spent seven years, constantly gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. Just before leaving Kinderhook fur Hudson, Mr. Van Buren married a lady alike distinguished for beauty and accomplishments. After twelve short years she sank into the grave, the victim of consump- tion, leaving her husband and four sons to weep over her loss. For twenty-five years, Mr. Van Buren was an earnest, successful, assiduous lawyer. The record of those years is barren in items of public interest. In 1812, when thirty years of age, he was chosen to the State Senate, and gave his strenuous support to Mr. Madison's adminstration. In 1815, he was ap- pointed Attorney-General, and the next year moved to .Albany, the capital of the State. While he was acknowledged as one of the most prominent leaders of the Democratic party, he had =ljl: 4 MARTIN VAN BUREN. "i^ the moral courage to avow that true democracy did not require that " universal suffrage" which admits the vile, the degraded, the ignorant, to the right of governing the State. In true consistency with his democratic principles, he contended that, while the path leading to the privilege of voting should be open to every man without distinction, no one should be invested with that sacred prerogative, unless he were in some degree qualified for it by intelligence, virtue and some property interests in the welfare of the State. In 182 I he was elected a member of the United States Senate; and in the same year, he took a seat in the convention to revise the constitution of his native State. His course in this convention secured the approval of men of all parries. No one could doubt the singleness of his endeavors to promote the interests of all classes in the community. In the Senate of the United States, he rose at once to a conspicuous position as an active and useful legislator. In 1827, John Quincy Adams being then in the Presidential chair, Mr. Van Buren was re-elected to the Senate. He had been from the beginning a de- termined opposer of the Administration, adopting the "State Rights" view in opposition to what was deemed the Federal proclivities of Mr. Adams. Soon after this, in 1828, he was chosen Governorof the State of New York, and accordingly resigned his seat in the Senate. Probably no one in the United States contributed so much towards ejecting John Q. Adams from the Presidential chair, and placing in it Andrew Jackson, as did Martin Van Buren. Whether entitled to the reputation or not, he certainly was re- garded throughout the United States as one of the most skillful, sagacious and cunning of politicians. It was supposed that no one knew so well as he how to touch the secret spiings of action; how to pull all the wires to put his machinery in motion ; and how to organize a political army which would, secretly and stealthily accomplish the most gigantic results. By these powers it is said that he outv.ntted Mr. Adams, Mr. Clay, Mr. ^Vebster, and secured results which few thought then could be accomplished. When .\ndrew Jackson was elected President he appointed Mr. Van Buren Secretary of State. This position he resigned in 1831, and was immediately appointed Minister to England, where he went the same autumn. The Senate, however, when it met, refused to ratify the nomination, and he returned ¥^ home, apparently untroubled; was nominated Vice President in the place of Calhoun, at the re-elecrion of President Jackson ; and with smiles for all and frowns for none, he took his place at the head of that Senate which had refused to confirm his nomination as ambassador. His rejection by the Senate roused all the zeal of President Jackson in behalf of his repudiated favor- ite ; and this, probably mure than any other cause, secured his elevation to the chair of the Chief Execu- dve. On the 20th of May, 1836, Mr. Van Buren re- ceived the Democratic nomination to succeed Gen. Jackson as President of the United States. He was elected by a handsome majority, to the delight of the retiring President. " Leaving New York out of the canvass," says Mr. Parton, "the election of Mr. Van Buren to the Presidency was as much the act of Gen. Jackson as though the Consritution had conferred upon him the jxjwer to appoint a successor." His administration was filled with exciting events. The insurrection in Canada, which threatened to in- , volve this countr)' in war witli England, the agitation of the slavery question, and finally the great commer- cial panic which spread over the country, all were^ trials to his wisdom. The financial distress was at- tributed to the management of the Democratic party, and brought the President into such disfavor that he , failed of re-election. With the exception of being nominated for the Presidency by the "Free Soil" Democrats, in 1848, Mr. Van Buren lived quietly uiwn his estate until his death. He had ever been a prudent man, of frugal habits, and living within his income, had now fortunately a competence for his declining years. His unblemished character, his commanding abilities, his unquestioned patriotism, and the distinguished iX)sitions which he had occupied in the government of our countrj', se- cured to him not only the homage of his party, but the respect ot the whole community. It was on the 4th of March, 1841, that Mr. Van Buren retired from the presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald, he still exerted a powerful influence upon theix)litics of the countr)'. From this time until his death, on the 24th of July, 1862, at the age of eighty years, he resided at Lindenwald, a gentleman of leisure, of culture and of wealth; enjoying in a healthy old age, probably far more happiness than he had before experienced amid the stormy scenes of his active life. LIBRARY OF THE t;^JVERSITY OF Miwm /d J^//a NINTH PRESIDENT. ^^^^^ St WIM14M HiiN^EI m41MiW. i-e-h- \bi ILLIAM HENRY HARRI- SOM, the ninth President of the United States, was born at Berkeley, Va., Feb. 9, 1773. His father, Benjamin Harri- son, was in comparatively op- ulent circumstances, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, v\ as early elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was conspicuous among the patriots of Virginia in resisting the encroachments of the British crown. In the celebrated Congress of 1775, Benjamin Har- rison and John Hancock were both candidates for the office of s[>eaker. fMr Harrison was subsetpiently chosen Governor of Virginia, and was twice re-elected. His son, i William Henry, of course enjoyed in childhood all the advantages which wealth and intellectual and cultivated society could give. Hav- ing received a thorough common-school education, he entered Hampden Sidney College, where he graduated with honor soon after the death of his father. He then repaired to Philadelphia tostudy medicine under the instructions of Dr. Rush and the guardianship of Robert Morris, both of whom were, with his father, signers of the Declaration of Independence. 'Jl)on the outbreak of the Indian troubles, and not- withstanding the remonstrances of his friends, he abandoned his medical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of Ensign from Presi- • -x dent Washington. He was then but 19 years old. From that time he passed gradually upward in rank until he became aid to General Wayne, after whose death he resigned his commission. He was then ap- pointed Secretary of the North-western Territory. This Territory was then entitled to but one member in Congress and Capt. Harrison was chosen to fill that position. In the spring of 1800 the North-western Territory was divided by Congress into two portions. The eastern jwrtion, comprising the region now embraced in the State of Ohio, was called '' The Territory north-west of the Ohio." The western jMrlion, which -^ included what is now called Indiana, Illinois and ! Wisconsin, was called the "Indiana Territory." Wil- liam Henry Harrison, then 27 years of age, was ajj- ix)inted by John Adams, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and immediately after, also Governor of Upper Louisiana. He was thus ruler over almost as extensive a realm as any sovereign upon the globe. He was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and was in- vested with [wwers nearly dictatorial over the now rapidly increasing white population. The ability and fidelity with which he discharged these responsible duties may be inferred from the fact that he was four times ap[X3inted to tliis office — first by John Adams, twice by Thomas Jefferson and afterwards by Presi- dent Madison. When he began his adminstration there were but three white setilementsin that almost boundless region, now crowded with cities and resounding with all the tumult of wealth and traffic. One of these settlements was on the Ohio, nearly opposite Ixsuisville; one at Vincennes, on the Wabash, and the third a French settlement. The vast wilderness over which Gov. Harrison reigned was filled with many tribes of Indians. About joui H H> WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. -H^ the year 1806, two extraordinary men, twin brothers, of the Shawnese tribe, rose among them. One ot these was called Tecumseh, or " The Crouching Panther;" the other, OUiwacheca, or "'I'he Prophet." Tecumseh was not only an Indian warrior, but a man of great sagacity, far-reaching foresight and indomit- able perseverance in any enterprise m which he might engage. He was inspired with the highest enthusiasm, and had long regarded with dread and with hatred the encroachment of the whites upon the hunting- grounds of his fathers. His brother, the Prophet, was an orator, who could sway the feelings of the untutored Indian as the gale tossed the tree -tops beneath which they dwelt. But the Prophet was not merely an orator: he was, in the superstitious minds of the Indians, invested with the superhuman dignity of a medicine-man or a magician. With an enthusiasm unsurpassed by Peter tlie Hermit rousing Europe to the crusades, he went from tribe to tribe, assuming that he was specially sent by the Great Spirit. Gov. Harrison made many attempts to conciliate the Indians, but at last the war came, and at Tippe- canoe the Indians were routed with great slaughter. October 28, 18 12, his army began its march. When near the Prophet's town three Indians of rank made their appearance and inquired why Gov. Harrison was approaching them in so hostile an attitude. After a short conference, arrangements were made fora meet- ing the next day, to agree upon terms of peace. But Gov. Harrison was too well acquainted with L the Indian character to be deceived by such protes- tations Selecting a favorable sixjt for his night's en- campment, he took every precaution against surprise His troops were jxjsted in a hollow square, and slept upon their arms. The troops threw themselves upon the ground for rest; but every man had his accourtrements on, his loaded musket by his side, and his bayonet fixed. The wakeful Governor, between three and four o'clock in the morning, had risen, and was sitting in conversa- tion with his aids by the embers of a waning fire. It was a chill, cloudy morning with a drizzling rain. In the darkness, the Indians had crept as near as possi- ble, and just then, with a savage yell, rushed, with all the desperation which superstition and passion most highly inflamed could give, upon the left flank of the little army. The savages had been amply provided with guns and ammunition by the English. Their war-whoop was accompained by a shower of bullets. The camp-fires were instantly extinguished, as the light aided the Indians in their aim. With hide- ous yells, the Indian Viands rushed on, irot doubting a speedy and an entire victory. But Gen. Harrison's troojjs stood as immovable as the rocks around them until day dawned : they then made a simultaneous charge with the bayonet, and swept every thing be- fore them, and completely routing the foe. Gov. Harrison now had all his energies tasked to the utmost. The British descending from the Can - adas, were of themselves a very formidable force ; but with their savage allies, rushing like wolves I'rom the forest, searching out every remote farm-house, burn- ing, plu.idering, scalping, torturing, the wide frontier was plunged into a state of consternation which even the most vivid imagination can but faintly conceive. The war-whoop was resounding everywhere in the forest. Tlie horizon was illuminated with the conflagra- tionofthe cabins of the settlers. Gen Hullhadmade the ignominious surrender of his forces at Detroit. Under these desjiairing circumstances. Gov. Harrison was appointed by President Madison commander-in- chief of the North-western army, with orders to retake Detroit, and to protect the frontiers. It would be difficult to place a man in a situation demanding more energy, sagacity and courage; but General Harrison was found equal to the position, and nobly and triumphantly did he meet all the re- sponsibilities. He won the love of his soldiers by always sharing with them their fatigue. His whole baggage, while pursuing the foe up the Thames, was earned in a valise; and his bedding consisted of a single blanket lashed over his saddle. Thirty-five British officers, his prisoners of war, supped with him after tlie battle. The otily fare he could give them was beef roasted before the fire, witliout bread or salt. In 18 16, Gen. Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Representatives, to re[)resent the District of Ohio. In Congress he proved an active member; and whenever he s|ickc, it was with force of reason and power of eloquence, which arrested the attention of all the members. In 1819, Harrison was elected to the Senate of Ohio; and in 1824, as one of the presidential electors of that State, he gave his vote for Henry Clay. The same year he was chosen to the United States Senate. In 1836, the friends of Gen. Harrison brought him forward as a candidate for the Presidency against Van Buren, but he was defeated. At the close of Mr. Van Buren's term, he was re-nominated by his party, and Mr. Harrison was unanimously nominated by the Whigs, with John Tyler for the Vice Presidency. The contest was very animated. Gen Jackson gave all his influence to prevent Harrison's electi(jn ; but his triumph was signal. The cabinet which be formed, with Daniel Webster at its head as Secretary of State, was one of the most brilliant with which anv President had ever been surrounded. Never were the prospects of an admin- istration more flattering, or the hopes of the country more sanguine. In the midst of these bright and joyous prospects, Gen. Harrison was seized by a pleurisv-fever and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died on the 4th of April ; just one month after his inauguration as President of the United States. x^ i» LISRARY GF THE l;jiversity of ilunoss L ± TENTH PRESIDENT. 55 OHN TYLER, the tenth Presidentof the United States. He was born in Charles-city Co., Va., March 29, 1790. He was tlie favored child of af- fluence and high social po- sition. .\t the early age of twelve, John entered William and Mary College and grad- uated with much honor when but seventeen years old. .\fter graduating, he devoted him- self with great assiduity to the study of law, partly with his father and pirtly with Edmund Randolph, one of the most distin- guished lawyers of Virginia. At nineteen years of age, ne commenced the practice of law. His success was rapid and aston- ishing. It is said that three months had not elapsed ere there was scarcely a case on the dock- et of the court in which he was not retained. When but twenty-one years of age, he was almost unanimously elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He connected himself with the Demo- cratic i)arty, and warmly advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five successive years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote or his county. When hut twenty-six years of age, he was elected a member of Congress. Here he acted earnestly and ably with tiie Democratic party, opposing a national bank, internal improvements by the General Govern- ment, a protective tariff, and advocatmg a strict con- struction of the Constitution, and the most careful vigilance over State rights. His labors in Congress were so arduous that before tlie close of his second term he found it necessary to resign and retire to his estate in Charles-city Co., to recruit his health. He, however, soon after consented to take his seat in the State Legislature, where his influence was jxiwerful ' in promoting public works of great utility. With a reputation thus canstantly increasing, he was chosen by a very large majority of votes, Governor of his **■ native State. His administration was signally a suc- cessful one. His popularity secured his re-election. John Randolph, a brilliant, erratic, half-crazed man, thtn represented Virginia in the Senate of the United States. A portion of the Democratic party was displeased with Mr. Randolph's wayward course, and brought forward John Tyler as his opix)nent, considering him the only man in Virginia of sufficient popularity to succeed against the renowned orator of Roanoke. Mr. T\ler was the victor. In accordance with his professions, upon taking his seat in the Senate, he joined the ranks of the opposi- tion. He opixDsed the tariff; he spoke against and voted against the bank as unconstitutional ; he stren- uously opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resist- ing all projects of internal improvements by the Gen- eral Government, and avowed his sympathy with Mr. Calhoun's view of nullification ; he declared that Gen. Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the piinciples of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. 'I'yler's record in Congress, — a record in perfect accordance with the principles which he had always avowed. Returning to Virginia, he resumed the practice of his profession. There was a split in the Democratic i ^€4-* JOHN TYLER. -M party. His friends still regarded him as a true Jef- fersonian, gave him a dinner, and showered compli- ments upon him. He had now attained the age of forty-six. His career had been ver)' brilliant. In con- sequence of his devotion to public business, his pri- vate affairs had fallen into some disorder; and it was not without satisfaction that he resumed the practice of law, and devoted himself to the cultuie of his plan- tation. Soon after this he remo\ed to Williamsburg, for the better education of his children ; and he again took his seat in the Legislature of Virginia. By the Southern Whigs, he was sent to the national convention at Harrisburg to nominate a President in 1839. The majonty of votes were given to Gen. Har- rison, a genuine Whig, much to the disappointment of the South, who wished for Henry Clay. To concili- ate the Southern Whigs and to secure their vote, the convention then nominated John Tyler for Vice Pres- ident. It was well known that he was not in sympa- thy with the Whig party in the Noith : but the Vice President has but very little power in the Govern- ment, his main and almost only duty being to pre- side over the meetings of the Senate. Thus it hap- pened that a Whig President, and, in reality, a Democratic Vice President were chosen. In 1841, Mr. Tyler was inaugurated Vice Presi- dent of the United States. In one short month from ' that time. President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler thus found himself, to his own surprise and that of the whole Nation, an occupant of the Presidential chair. This was a new test of the stability of our institutions, as it was the first time in"the history of our country that such an event had occured. Mr. Tyler was at home in Williamsburg when he received the unexpected tidings of the death of President Harri- son. He hastened to Washington, and on the 6th of April was inaugurated to the high and responsible office. He was placed in a position of exceeding delicacy and difficulty. All his longlife he had been opjX)sed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. He had ever been a con- sistent, honest man, with an unblemished record. Gen. Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with coun- sellors whose views were antagonistic to his own.' or, on the other hand, should he turn against the party which had elected him and select a cabinet in har- mony with himself, and which would oppose all those views which the Whigs deemed essential to the pub- lic welfare? This was his fearful dilemma. He in- vited the cabinet which President Harrison had selected to retain their seats. He reccommended a day of fasting and praj-er, that God would guide and bless us. The Whigs carried through Congress a bill for the incor]X)ration of a fiscal bank of the United States. The President, after ten days' delay, returned it with his veto. He suggested, however, that he would ^ approve of a bill drawn up upon such a plan as he pro^xjsed. Such a bill was accordingly prepared, and privately submitted to him. He gave it his approval. It A'as passed without alteration, and he sent it back with his veto. Here commenced the open rupture. It is said that Mr. Tyler was provoked to this meas- ure by a published letter from the Hon. John M. Botts, a distinguished Virginia Whig, who severely touched the pride of the President. The opposition now exultingly received the Presi- dent into their arms. The party which elected him denounced him bitterly. All the members of his cabinet, excepting Mr. Webster, resigned. The Whigs of Congress, both the Senate and the House, held a meeting and issued an address to the people of the United States, proclaiming that all [wlitical alliance between the Whigs and President Tyler were at an end. Still the President attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet of distinguished Whigs and Conser\'atives, carefully leaving out all strong party men. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, forced out by the jiressure of his Whig friends. Thus the four years of Mr. Tyler's unfortunate administra- tion passed sadly away. i\o one was satisfied. The land was filled with murmurs and vituperation. \\ higs and Democrats alike assailed him. ^lore and more, however, he brought himself into sympathy with his old friends, the Democrats, until atthe close of his term, he gave his whole influence to the supjwrt of Mr. Polk, the Democratie candidate for his successor. On the 4th of March, 1845, he retired from the harassments of office, to the regret of neitherparty, and probably to his own unspeakable lelief. His first wife, Miss Letitia Christian, died in Washington, in 1842; and in June, 1844, President Tyler was again married, at New York, to Miss Julia Gardiner, a young lady of many personal and intellectual accomplishments. The remainder of his days Mr. Tyler passed mainly in retirement at his beautiful home, — Sherwood For- est, Charles city Co., Va. A polished gentleman in his manners, richly furnished with information from books and experience in the world, and possessing brilliant powers of conversation, his family circle was the scene of unusual attractions. With sufficient moans for the exercise of a generous hospitality, he might have enjoyed a serene old age with the few friends who gathered around him, were it not for the storms of civil war which his own principles and policy had helped to introduce. When the great Rebelhon rose, which the State- rights and nullifying doctrines of Mr. John C. Cal- houn had inaugurated, President Tyler renounced his allegiance to the United States, and joined the Confed- erates. He was chosen a member of their Congress; and while engaged in active measures to destroy, by force of arms, the Government over which he had once presided, he was taken sick and soon died. : f LIBRARY OF THE IMIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ■'I ELEVENTH PRESIDENT. 59 ' ^ AMES K. POLK, the eleventh ^jiiPresident of the United States, was born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C.jNov. 2, 1795. His par- ents were Samuel and Jane (Knox) Polk, the former a son of Col. Thomas Polk, who located at the above place, as one of the first i)ioneers, in 1735. In the year 1S06, with his wife and children, ar.d soon after fol- lowed by most of the members of the Polk fainly, Samuel Polk emi- grated some two or three hundred miles f;irther west, to the rich valley of the Duck River. Here in the midst of the wilderness, in a region which was subsequently called Mau- ry Co , they reared their log huls, and established their homes. In the hard toil of a new farm in the wil- derness, James K. Polk spent the early years of his childhood and youth. His father, adding the pur- suit of a surveyor to that of a farmer, ' gradually increased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. His mother was a superior woman, of strong common sense and earnest piety. Very early in life, James developed a taste for reading and e.xpressed the strongest desire to obtain a liberal education. His mother's training had made him methodical in his habits, had taught him punct- uality and industry, and had inspired him witii lofty principles of morality. His health was frail ; and his father, fearing that he might not be able to endure a sedentary life, got a situation for him behind the counter, hoping to fit hini for commercial pursuits. This was to James a bitter disappointment. He had no taste for tliese duties, and his daily tasks were irksome in the extreme. He remained in this uncongenial occupali9n but a few weeks, when at his earnest solicitation his father removed him, and made arrangements for him to prosecute his studies. Soon after he sent him to Murfreesboro Academy. With ardor which could scarcely be surpassed, he pressed forward in his studies, and in less than two and a half ^ years, in tlie autumn of 1815, entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Here he was one of the most exemplary of scholars, punctual in every exercise, never allowing himself to be absent from a recitation or a religious service. He graduated in 1818, with the highest honors, be- ing deemed tlie best scholar of his class, both in mathematics and the classics. He was then twenty- three years of age. Mr. Polk's health was at this time much impaired by the assiduity with whicli he had prosecuted his studies. After a short season of relaxation he went to Nashville, and entered the office of Felix C.rundy, to study law. Here Mr. Polk renewed his acquaintance \Mth Andrew Jackson, who resided on his plantation, the Hermitage, but a few miles from Nashville. They li:id prnliably been slightly acquainted l;cfore. Mr. Polk's father was a Jeffersonian Republican, and James K. Polk ever adliered to the same jjoliti- cal faith. He was a i)opular jniblic speaker, and was constantly called ujwn to address the meetings of his jiarty friends. His skill as a speaker was such that he was jxipulaily called the Najwleon of the stump. He was a man of unblemished morals, genial and ¥^ «- -e4- =t JAMES K. POLK. lourteous in his bearing, and with that sympathetic nature in the jo) s and griefs of others which ever gave him troops of friends. In 1S23, Mr. Polk was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. Here he gave his strong influence towards the election of his friend, Mr. Jackson, to the Presidency of the United States. Ill January, T824, Mr. Polk 'married Miss Sarah Cliildress, of Rutherford Co., Tenn. His bride was altogether worthy of him, — a lady of beauty and cul- ture. In the fall of 1825, Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress. The satisfaction which he gave to his constituents may be inferred from the fact, that for fourteen successive years, until 1 839, he was con- tinued in that office. He then voluntarily withdrew, only that he might accept the Gubernatorial chair of Tennessee. In Congress he was a laborious member, a frequent and a popular speaker. He was always in his seat, always courteous; and whenever he spoke it was always to the ix)int, and without any ambitious rhetorical display. During five sessions of Congress, Mr. Polk was Speaker of the House Strong passions were roused, and stormy scenes were witnessed ; but Mr. Polk per- formed his arduous duties to a very general satisfac- tion, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was ]>as3ed by the House as he withdrew on the 4th of March, 1839. In accordance with Southern usage, Mr. Polk, as a candidate for Governor, canvassed the State. He was elected by a large majority, and on the 141)1 of Octo- ber, 1839, took the oath of office at Nashville. In 1841, his term of office expired, and he was again the can- didate of the Democratic party, but was defeated. On the 4th of March, 1S45, Mr. Polk was inaugur- ated President of the United States. The verdict of the country in favor of the annexation of Texas, exerted its influence upon Congress ; and the last act of the administration of President Tyler was to affix his sig- nature to a joint resolution of Congress, passed on the 3d of March, approving of the annexation of Texas to the American Union. As Mexico still claimed Texas as one of her provinces, the Mexican minister, Almonte, immediately demanded his passports and left tlie country, declaring the act of the annexation to be an act hostile to Mexico. In his first message. President Polk urged that Texas should immediately, by act of Congress, be re- ceived into the Union on the same footing with the other States. In the meantime, Gen. Taylor was sent with an army into Texas to hold the country. He was sent first to Nueces, which the Mexicans said was the western boundary of Texas. Then he was sent nearly two hundred miles further west, to the Rio Grande, where he erected batteries which commanded the Mexican city of Matamoras, which was situated on the western banks. The anticipated collision soon took place, and war was declared against Mexico by President Polk. The war was pushed forward by Mr. Polk's administration with great vigor. Gen. Taylor, whose army was first called one of "observation," then of "occupation," then of " invasion, "was sent forward to Monterey. The feeble Mexicans, in every encounter, were hopelessly and awfully slaughtered. The day of judgement alone can reveal the misery which this war caused. It v/as by the ingenuity of Mr. Polk's administration that the war was brought on. 'To the victors belong the spoils." Mexico was prostrate before us. Her capital was in our hands. We now consented to peace upon the condition that Mexico should surrender to us, in addition to Texas, all of New Me.\ico, and all of Upper and Lower Cal- ifornia. This new demand embraced, exclusive of*^ Texas, eight hundred thousand square miles. This was an extent of territory equal to nine States of the size of New York. Thus slavery was securing eighteen majestic States to be added to the Union. There were some Americans who thought it all right : there were others who thought it all wrong. In the prosecutit)n of this war, we expended twenty thousand lives and more tlian a hundred million cf dollars. Of this money fifteen millions were paid to Mexico. On the 3J of Mxrch, 1849, Mr. Polk retired from office, having served one term. The next day was Sunday. On the 5th, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated as his successor. Mr Polk rode to the Capitol in the same carriage with Gen. Taylor; and the same even- ing, with Mrs. Polk, he commenced his return to Tennessee. He was then but fifty-four years of age. He had ever been strictly temperate in all his haliits, and his health was good With an ample foitane, a choice library, a cultivated mind, and domestic ties of the dearest nature, it seemed as though long years of tranquility and happiness were before him. But the cholera — that fearful scourge — was then sweeping up the Valley of the Mississijipi. This he contracted, and died on the ijth of June, 1S49, in the fifty-fourth ) ear of his age, greatly mourned by his countrymen. <^> LIBRARY Gf THE IMIVERSITY OF II.UN05S H- TWELFTH PRESIDENT. /ACKAKV TAYLOR ?\ I ACHARV TAYLOR, Uvellth y President of the United States, ' j^ was born on the 24th of Nov., \ 1784, in Orange Co., Va. His father, Gslonel Taylor, was a Virginian of note, and. a dis- ^^ tinguished [latriot and soldier of the Revolution. \Vhen Zachary was an infant, his father with his wife and two children, emigrated to Kentucky, where he settled in the pathless uilderness, a few miles from Louisville. In this front- ier home, away from civilization and all its refinements, yjung Zachary Could enjoy but few social and educational advan- tages. When si.\ years of age he attended a common school, and was the.i regarded as a bright, active lioy, rather remarkable for bluntness and decision of char- acter He was strong, feailess and self-reliant, and manifested a strong desire to enter tlie anny to fight the Indians who were ravaging the frontiers. There is little to be recorded of the uneventful years of his childhood on his father's large but lonely plantation. In iSoS, his father succeeded in obtaining for him the commission of lieutenant in the United States anny ; and he joined the troops which were stationed at New Orleans under Gen. Wilkinson. Soon after this he married Miss Margaret Smith, a young lady from one of the first families of Maryland. Immediately after the declaration of war with Eng- land, in 1812, Capt. Taylor (for he had then been promoted to that rank) was put in command of Fort Harrison, on the Wabash, alxjut fifty miles above Vincennes. This fort had been built in the wilder- ness by Gen. Harrison.on his march to Tipj)ecanoe. It was one of the first points of attack by the Indians, led by Tecumseh. Its garrison consisted of a broken company of infantry numbenng fifty men, many of wliom were sick. Early in the autumn of 181 2, the Indians, stealthily, and in large numbers, moved ujxDn the fort. Their api)roath was first indicated by the murder of two soldiers just outside of the stockade. Cai)t. Taylor made every jxissible preparation to meet the antici- pated assault. On the 4th of September, a band of • forty painted and plumed savages came to the fort, waving a white flag, and infoniied Capt. Taylor that in the morning their chief would con;e to have a talk with him. It was evident that their object was merely to ascertain the state of things at the fort, and Capt. Taylor, well versed in the wiles of the savages, kept *r\ them at a distance. The sun went down ; the savages disappeared, the garrison slept u[K)n their arms. One hour btfore"' midnight the war whooi) Ijurst from a thousand lips in the forest around, followed by the discharge of musketry, and the rush of the foe. Every man, sick and well, sprang to Iiis jx^st. Every man knew that defeat was not merely death, but in the case of caj)- ture, death by the most agonizing and prolonged tor- ture. No pen can describe, r,o immagination can conceive the scenes which ensued The savages suc- ceeded in setting I'ire to one of the block houses- Lentil si.x o'clock in the morning, this awful conflict continued. The savages tiien, baflled at eveiy ixjint, and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this gallant defence, was promoted to the rank of major by brevet. Until the close of the war, MajorTaylor was placed in such situations that he saw but little more of active service. He was sent far away into the depths of the wilderness, to Fort Crawford, on Fo.x River, which empties into Green Bay. Here there was but little to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no Ixxjks, no society, no in- *64— 64 . — ^r . ZACHARY TAYLOR. J: 4- tellectual stimulus. Thus with him the uneventful years rolled on Gradually he rose to the rank of colonel. In the Black Hawk war, which resulted in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col Taylor took a subordinate but a brave and etificient part. For twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defence of the frontiers, in scenes so remote, and in employments so obscure, that his name was unknown beyond the limits of his own immediate acquaintance. In the year 1836, he was sent to Florida to comi^el the Seminole Indians to vacate that region and re- tire beyond the Mississippi, as their chiefi by treaty, had promised they should do. The services rendered here secured for Col, Taylor the high a[)preciation of the Government; and as a reward, he was elevated to the rank of brigadier-general by brevet ; and soon after, in May, 1838, was appointed to the chief com- mand of the United States troops in Florida. After two years of sncn wearisome employment amidst the everglades of the peninsula. Gen. 'Faylor obtained, at his own request, a change of command, and was stationed over the Department of the South- west. This field embraced Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters uisiana, he removed his family e purchased, near Baton Rogue, five years, buried, as it were, J|>from tire world, but faithfully discharging every duty I imposed upon him. In 1846, (ien. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river y being the boundary of Texas, which was then claimed by the United States. Soon the war with Mexico was brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the Mexicans. The rank of major-general by brevet was then conferred upon Gen. Taylor, and his name was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in the Nation. Then came the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista in which he won signal victories over forces much larger than he commanded. His careless habits of dress and his unaffected simplicity, secured for Gen. Taylor among his troops, \he sobriquet of "Old Rough and Ready.' The tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista spread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. The name of Gen. Taylor was on every one's lips. The Whig party decided to take advantage of this wonder- ful popularity in bringing forward the unpolished, un- lettered, honest soldier as their candidate for the Presidency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the an- nouncement, and for a time would not listen to it; de- claring that he was not at all (pialified for such an office. So little interest had he taken in ])olitics that, for forty years, he had not cast a vote. It was not without chagrin that several distinguished statesmen who had been long years in the public service found their claims set aside in behalf of one whose name ' '^ had never been heard of, save in connection with Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It Is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste re- marked, " It is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an eloquent speaker nor a fine writer His friends took possession of him, and pre- pared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The popularity of the successful warrior swe[)t the land. He was tri- umphantly elected over two opposing candidates, — Gen. Cass and Ex-President Martin Van Buren. Though he selected an excellent cabinet, the good old man found himself in a very uncongenial position, and was, at times, sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental sufl'erings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten his death. The pro-slavery party was pushing its claims with tireless energy, expedi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba ; California was pleading for admission to the Union, while slavery stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political conflicts in Washington to be far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians. In the midst of all these troubles, Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died on the glh of July, 1 850. His last words were, " I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeavored to do 111} duty." He died universally respected and beloved. An honest, un- pretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affections of the people; and the Nation bitterly la-^ mented his death. Gen. Scott, who was thoroughly acquainted witli Gen. Taylor, gave the following graphic and truthful description of his character: — " With a good store of common sense, Gen. Taylor's mind had not been en- larged and refreshed by reading, or much converse with the world. Rigidity of ideas was the conse- quence. The frontiers and small military posts had been his home. Hence he was quite ignorant for his rank, and quite bigoted in his ignorance. His sim- plicity was child-like, and with innumerable preju- dices, amusing and incorrigible, well suited to the tender age. Thus, if a man, however respectable, chanced to wear a coat of an unusual color, or his hat a little on one side of his head ; or an officer to leave a corner of his handkerchief dangling from an out- side pocket, — in any such case, this critic held the offender to be a co.Kcomb (perhaps something worse), whom he would not, to use his oft repeated phrase, ' touch with a pair of tongs.' "Any allusion to literature beyond good old Dil- worth's spelling-book, on the part of one wearing a sword, was evidence, with the same judge, of utter unfitness for heavy marchings and combats. In short, few men have ever had a more comfortable, labor- saving contempt for learning of every kind." LIBRARY OF THE UMiVERSITY OF ILLINCIS ...y^6c£^^.< the illustrious Daniel Webster was Secretary of State. Mr. Fillniore had very serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in Imth . Houses. He did everything in his power to com iliate the South; but the pro-slavery party in the Soutli felt the inadequacy of all measuresof transient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly in- creasing over that of the slave States that it was in- evitable that the power of the Government sliould soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmcre's adminstration, and the Japan Expedition was sent-out. On the 4th of March, 1853, Mr. Fill- more, having served one term, retired. In 1856, Mr. Fillmore was nominated for the Pres- idency by the " Know Nothing " party, but was beaten by Mr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Fillmore lived in retirement. During the terrible conflict of civil war, he was mostly silent. It was generally supix)sed that his sympathies were rather with those who were en- deavoring to overthrow our institutions. President Fillmore kept aloof from the conflict, without any cordial words of cheer to the one party or the other. He was thus forgotten by both. He lived to a ripe old age, and died in Buffalo. N. Y., March 8, 1874. i LICRARY OF THE L'MIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT. f ^FHflNKLIN PIERCE. ^^ ^^~*- •^*'*>'--,jj§^ Ui^ ^"^n^'f, ^(^ \^' f RANKLIN PIERCE, the : >ineenth President of the • ited States, was bom in ^' Hillsborough, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who, with his own strong arm, hewed out a home in the wilderness. He was a man of inflexible integrity; of strong, though uncultivated mind, and an uncompromis- ing Democrat. The mother of Franklin Pierce was all that a son could desire, — an intelligent, pru- dent, affectionate, Christian wom- an. Franklin was the si.xth of eight children. Franklin was a very bright and handsome boy, gen- erous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neighbors looked upon him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman; always speaking kind words, doing kind deeds, with a peculiar unstudied tact which taught him what was agreeable. Without de- veloping any precocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to books, he was a good scholar; in lx)dy, in mind, in affections, a finely-developed boy. When si.xteen years of age, in the year J820, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me He was one of the most jxipular young men in the college. The purity of his moral character, the unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, and genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite. There was something verj' peculiarly winning in his address, and it was evidently not in the slightest de- gree studied : it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Uix)n graduating, in the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State, and a man of great private worth. The eminent social quahties of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a public man, and the brilliant political career into which Judge Woodbury was en- tering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the faci- nating yet perilous path of political life. With all the ardor of his nature he espoused the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presidency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. Here he served for four years. The last two years he was chosen speaker of the house by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected a member of Congress. Without taking an active part in debates, he was faithful and laborious in duty, and ever rising in the estimation of those with whom he was associatad. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years of age, he was elected to the Senate of the United States; taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the youngest member in the Senate. In the year 1834. he married Miss Jane Means .\ppleton, a lady of rare beauty and accom- plishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn ever)' station with which her husband was honoied. Of the 4 1 4 •H* 72 FRANKLIN PIERCE. three sons who were born to them, all now sleep with their parents in the grave. In the year 1838, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. President Polk, upon his accession to office, appointed Mr. Pierce attorney-general of the United States ; but the offer was declined, in consequence of numerous professional engagements at home, and the precariuos state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time declined the nomination for governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce in the army. Receiving the appointment of brigadier-general, he embarked, with a portion of his troops, at Newport, R. I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an imixsrtant part in this war, proving him- self a brave and true soldier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his native State, he was received enthusiastically by the advo- cates of the Mexican war, and coldly by his oppo- nents. He resumed the practice of his profession, very frequently taking an active part in political ques- :tions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery J wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval; and he strenuously advocated the enforcement of the infa- mous fugitive-slave law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became distin- guished as a " Northern man with Southern principles.'' The strong partisans of slavery in the South conse- quently regarded him as a man whom they could safely trust in office to carry out their plans. On the 1 2th of June, 1852, the Democratic conven- tion met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eighty-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Mas- sachusetts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him Gen. Franklin Pierce was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy be- tween slavery and freedom was then approaching its culminating point It became evident that there was an " irrepressible conflict" between them, and that this Nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his ad- ministration, did every thing he could to conciliate the South ; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the dissolution of the Union were borne to the North on every South- ern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when President Pierce approached the close of his four-years' term of office. The North had become thoroughly alien- ated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectual ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep reprehension of his ad- ministrative acts. The slaveholders of the South, also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advo- cated those measures of Government which they ap- proved, and perhaps, also, feeling that he had rendered himself so unpopular as no longer to be I' able acceptably to serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4th of March, 1857, President Pierce re- tired to his home in Concord. Of three children, two had died, and his only surviving child had been killed before his eyes by a railroad accident ; and his wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world, without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth, which di- vided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the principles which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to that pro-slaver)- party with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Gov- ernment. He continued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, an honored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Gen- erous to a fault, he contributed liberally for the al- leviation of suffering and want, and many of his towns- people were often gladened by his material bounty. K' . . . U.VPMY GF THE L':!;vERsiTy of illin- ** I %■ ^Z^TTZ^J G--^'S>Ci:*^^(;^<;^^(?^-'!§) ^ AMES BUCHANAN, the fif- teenth President of the United States, was born iu a small frontier town, at the foot of the eastern ridge of the Allegha- nies, in Franklin Co., Penn.,on the 23d of April, 1791. The place where the humble cabin of his r.ither stood was called Stony latter. It was a wild and ro- '^ iiiantic spot in a gorge of the moim- tair^s, with towering summits rising grandly all around. His father was a native of the north of Ireland ; a ixxjr man, who had emigrated in ; 1783, with little property save his own strong arms. Five years aftenvards he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, plunged into the wilder- ness, staked his claim, reared his log-hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to per- fonii his obscure part in the drama of life. In this se- cluded home, where James was born, he remained for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. When James was eight years of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where his son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, Latin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen, he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Here he de- veloped remarkable talent, and took his stand among the first scholars in the institution. His application to study was intense, and yet his native powers en- abled him to master the most abstruse subjects with faciUty. In the year 1809, he graduated with the highest honors of his class. He was then eighteen years of age; tall and gr.aceful, vigorous in health, fond of athletic sjwrt, an unening shot, and enlivened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immedi.itely commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812, wlien he was but twenty -one years of age. Very rapidly he rose in his profession, and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest lawyers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the judges of tlie State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar; and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more lu- crative practice. In 1820, he reluctantly consented to run as a candidate for Congress. He was elected, and for ten years he remained a member of the Lower House. During the vacations of Congress, he occasionall/ tried some important case. In 1831, he retired altogether from the toils of his profession, liaving ac- quired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, u|X)n his elevation toihe Presidency, appointed Mr. Buchanan minister to Russia. The duties of his mission he performed with ability, which gave satisfaction to all parties. l'|)on his return, in 1833, he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met, as his associates, Webster. Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the meas- ures proix)sed by President Jackson, of making repri- -H- 4. 76 JAMES BUCHANAN. sals against France, to enforce the payment of our claims against that country ; and defended the course of the President in his unprecedented and wliolesale removal from office of those wlio were not tlic sup- porters of his administration. Upon tliis question he Was brought into direct collision with Henry Clay. He also, with voice and vote, advocated expunging from the journal of the Senate the vote of censure against (len. Jackson for removing the deposits. Earnestly he opposed the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and urged the prohibition of the circulation of anti-slavery documents by the United States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he advo- cated that they should be respectfully received; and that the reply should be returned, that Congress had no power to legislate upon the subject. " Congress," said he, " might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a foreign government as in any of the States where it now exists." Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such, took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexican War. Mr. Polk assumed that crossing the Nueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mexicans to cross the Rio Crande into that territory was a declaration of war. No candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Government pursued in that movement, Mr. Buchanan identified himself thoroughly with the party devoted to the perpetuation and extension of slavery, and brought all the energies of his mind to bear against the Wilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to the compromise measures of 1S50, which included the fugitive-slave law. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856, a national Democratic conven- tion nominated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever engaged. All the friends of slavery were on one side; all the advocates of its re- striction and final aliolltion, on the other. Mr. Fre- mont, the candidate of the enemies of slavery, re- ceived 114 electoral votes. Mr. Buchanan received 17 4, and was elected. The (xipular vote stood 1,340,618, for Fremont, 1,224,750 for Buchanan. On March 4th, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated. Mr. Buchanan was far advanced in life. Only four years were wanting to fill up his threescore years and ten. His own friends, those with whom he had been allied in political principles and action for years, were seeking the destruction of the Government, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose corner-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, Mr. Buchanan was hopelessly be- wildered. He could not, with his long-avowed prin- ciples, consistently oppose the State-rights party in their assumptions. As President of the United States, bound by his oath faithfully to administer tlie laws, he could not, witliout perjury of the grossest kind, unite with those endeavoring to overthrow tlie repub- lic. He therefore did nothing. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan's administration nominaied Abraham Lincoln as their standard bearer in the next Presidential canvass. The pro-slavery party declared, that if he were elected, and the con- trol of the Government were thus taken from their hands, they would secede from the Union, taking with them, as they retired, the National Capitol at Washington, and the lion's share of the territory of tlie United States. Mr. Buchanan's sympatliy with the pro-slavery party was such, that he had been willing to offer them far more than they had ventured to claim. All the South had professed to ask of the North was non- intervention upon the subject of slavery. Mr. Bu- chanan had been ready to offer them the active co- operation of the Government to defend and extend the institution. As the storm increased in violence, the slaveliolders claiming the right to secede, and Mr. Buclianan avow- ing that Congress had no power to prevent it, one of the most pitiable exhibitions of governmental im- becility was exhibited the world has ever seen. He declared that Congress had no power to enforce its laws in any State which had withdrawn, or which was attempting to withdraw from the Union. This was not the doctrine of Andrew Jackson, when, with his hand upon his sword-hilt, he exclaimed, " The Union must and shall be preserved!" South Carolina seceded in December, i860; nearly three months before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Mr. Buchanan looked on in listless despair. The rebel flag was raised in Charleston; Fort Sumpter was besieged ; our forts, navy-yards and arsenals were seized; our depots of military stores were plun- dered ; and our custom-houses and post-offices were appropriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels, and the imbecility of our F.xecutive, were alike marvelous. The Nation looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide away, and close the administration, so terrible in its weak- ness At length the long-looked-for hour of deliver- ance came, wben Abraham Lincoln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends cannot recall it with ])leasure. And still move deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conflict which rolled its billows of flame and blood over our whole land, no word came from his lips to indicate his wish that our country's banner should triumph over the flag of the rebellion. He died at his Wheatland retreat, June i, i868. -H^ OF THE L"!!VERSITY OF ILLIN"'! •<^ SIXTEEXTH PRESIDEXT. 79 ^f i y ABRAHAM > ^gv; ^<:i:^ i LINCOLN, > ^ (T-v ^^r-.^. BRAHAM LINCOLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, was l>orn in Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809. About the yean 7 So, a -^ man by the name of Abraham f*^ Lincoln left Virginia with his - family and moved into the then wilds of Kentucky. Only two years after this emigration, still a young man, while working one day in a field, was stealthily approached by an Indian and shot dead. His widow was left in extreme jxiverty with five little children, three boys and two girls. Thomas, the youngest of the lx)ys, was four years of age at liis father's death. This Thomas was the father of Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States whose nanie must henceforth forever be enrolled with the most prominent in the annals of our worW. Of course no record has been kept of the life of one so lowly as Thomas Lincoln. He was among the poorest of the ixwr. His home was a wretched log-cabin ; his food the coarsest and the meanest. Education he had none; he could never either rend or write. As soon as he was able to do anything for himself, he was comiielled to leave the cabin of his starving mother, and push out into the world, a friend- less, wandering boy, seeking work. He hired him- self out, and thus spent the whole of his youth as a laborer in the fields of others. When twenty-eight years of age he buili a log- cabin of his own, and married Nancy Hanks, the daughter of another family of \oox Kentucky emi- grants, who had also come from Virginia. Their second child was .\braham Lincoln, the subject of this sketch. The mother of Abraham was a noble woman, gentle, loving, pensive, created to adorn a palace, doomed to toil and pine, and die in a hovel. ".\11 that I am, or hope to be," exclaims the grate- ful son " I owe to my angel-mother. When he was eight years of age, his father soKl his cabin and small farm, and moved to Indiana. Where two years later his mother died. .■\braham soon became the scribe of the uneducated community around him. He could not have had a better school than this to teach him to put thoughts into words. He also became an eager reader. The books he could obtain were few ; but these he read and re-read until they were almost committed to memory. .As the years rolled on, the lot of this lowly family was the usual lot of humanity. Th.-re were joys and griefs, weddings and funerals. .Abraham's sister Sarah, to whom he was tenderly attached, was mar- ried when a child of but fourteen years of age, and soon died. The family was gradually scattered. Mr. Thomas Lincoln sold out his squatter's claim in 1830, and emigrated to Macon Co., 111. .Abraham Lincoln was then twenty-one years of age. With vigorous hands he aided his father in rearing another log-c.ibin. Abraham worked diligently at this until he saw the family comfortably settled, and their small lot of enclosed prairie planted with com, when he announced to his father his intention to leave home, and to go out into the world and seek his for- tune. Little did he or his friends imagine how bril- liant that fortune was to be. He saw the value of education and was intensely earnest to improve his mind to the utmost of his power. He saw the luin which ardent spirits were causing, and liecame strictly temi)erate; refusing to allow a drop of intoxi- cating liipior to pass his lips. .And he had read in Ciod's word, "Thou shalt not take the name of the Ix>rd thy (iod in vain ;" and a profane expression he was never heard to utter. Religion he revered. His morals were pure, and he was uncontaminated by a single vice. Young .Abraham woiked for a time as a hired laborer among the fanners. 'I'hen he went to Springfield, where he was employed in building a large flat-loat. In this he took a herd of swine, floated them dowr^ ihe-Sangamon to the Illinois, and thence by the Mis- sissippi to New Orleans. What.;ver Abraham Lin- coln undertook, he [jerfomied so faithfully as to give great satisfaction to his employers. In this ndven- -^ t ABJiAHAM LINCOLN. !i -Hp^ ture his employers were so well pleased, ihat upon i his retarn they placed a store and mill under his care. In 1832, at the outbreak, of the Black Hawk war, he enlisted and was chosen captain of a company. He , returned to Sangamon County, and although only 23 years of age, was a candidate for the Legislature, but i was defeated. He soon after received from Andrew ; Jackson the apiwintment of Postmaster of New Salem, . His only post-office was his hat. All the letters he ' received he carried there ready to deliver to those he chanced to meet. He studied surveying, and soon j made this his business. In 1834 he again became a | candidate for the Legislature, and was elected. Mr. | Stuart, of Springfield, advised him to study law. He ; walked from New Salem to Springfield, borrowed of Mr. Stuart a load of books, carried them back and began his legal studies. When the Legislature as- sembled he trudged on foot with his pack on his back one hundred miles to Vandalia, then the capital. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Legislature. Here it was he first met Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 he re- moved to Springfield and began the practice of law. His success with the jury was so great that he was soon engaged in almost ever}' noted case in the circuit. In 1854 the great discussion began between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas, on the slavery question. In the organization of the Republican party in Illinois, in 1856, he took an active part, and at once became one of the leaders in that party. Mr. Lincoln's speeches in opposition to Senator Douglas in the con- test in 1858 for a seat in the Senate, form a most notable part of his history-. The issue was on the slavery question, and he took the broad groiThd of he Declaration of Independence, that all men are created equal. Mr. Lincoln was defeated in this con- test, but won a far higher prize. The great Republican Gsnvention met at Chicago on the i6th of June, r86o. The delegates and strangers who crowded the city amounted to twenty- five thousand. An immense building called " The Wigwam," was reared to accommodate the Conven- tion. There were eleven candidates for whom votes were thrown. William H Seward, a man whose fame as a statesman had long filled the land, was the most orominent. It was generally supiwsed he would be the nominee. Abraham Lincoln, however, received the nomination on the third ballot. Little did he then dream of the weary years of toil and care, and the bloody death, to which that nomination doomed him: and as little did he dream that he was to render services to his countr)', which would fi.x upon him the eyes of the whole civilized world, and which would give him a place in the affections of his countiymen, second only, if second, to that of Washington. Election day came a^d Mr. Lincoln received 180 electoral votes out of 203 cast, and was, therefore, constitutionally elected President of the United States. The tirade of abuse that was poured ujwn this good • -"Y and merciful man, especially by the slaveholders, was greater than upon any other man ever elected to this high position. In February, 1861, Mr. Lincoln started for Washington, stopping in all the large cities on his way making speeches. The whole journey was frought with much danger. Many of the Southern States had already seceded, and several attempts at assassination were aftenvards brought to light. A gang in Balti- more had arranged, upon his arrival to" get up a row," and in the confusion to make sure of his death witli revolvers and hand-grenades. A detective unravelled the plot. .\ secret and special train was provided to take him from HarrisL'urg, through Baltimore, at an unexjjected hour of the night. The train started at half-past ten ; and to prevent any ]X)ssible communi- cation on the part ol the Secessionists with their Con- federate gang in Baltimore, as soon as the train had started the telegraph-\vires were cut. Mr. Lincoln reached Washington in safety and was inaugurated, although great anxiety was felt by all loyal people. In the selection of his cabinet Mr. Lincoln gave to Mr. Seward the Department of State, and to other prominent opixjnents before the convention he gave important iwsitions. During no other administration ha\ •; the duties ' devolving upon the President been so manifold, and the responsibihties so great, as those which fell to the lot of President Lincoln. Knowing this, andj^ feeling his own weakness and inability to meet, and in ■ his own strength to cop)e with, the difficulties, he learned early to seek Divine wisdom and guidance in deteraiining his plans, and Divine comfort in all his 1 trials, bo'h j>ersonal and national. Contrary to his own estimate of himself. Mr. Lincoln was one of the most courageous of men. He went directly into the rebel capital just as the retreating foe was leaving, with no guard but a few sailors. From the time he had left Springfield, in i86i, however, plans had been made for his assassination, and he at last fell a victim to one of them. April 14, r865, he, with Gen. Grant, was urgently invited to attend Fords' Theater. It was announced that they would te present. Gen. Grant, however, left the city. President Lincoln, feel- ing, with his characteristic kindliness of heart, that it would be a disappointment if he should tail them, ver)' reluctantly consented to go. While listening to the play an actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth entered the bo.x where the President and family were seated, and firtd a bullet into his brains. He died the next morning at seven o'clock. Never before, in the history of the world was a nation plunged into such deep grief by the death of its ruler. Strong men met in the streets and wept in SI)eechles^ anguish. It is not too much to say that a nation was in tears. His was a life which will fitly become a model. His name as the savior of his country will live with that of AVashington's, its father; his country- men beine unable to decide which is the greater. LISRARY GF THE L.;;VERS1TY0FILU^!. /. I f ) i I i^f ?5 Q l^f , NDREW JOHNSON, seven- ■eenth President of the United ■ States. The early life of Andrew Johnson contains but the record of poverty, destitu- tion and friendlessness. He ]y was bom December 29, 180S, , ^.^ , in Raleigh, N. C. His parents, /" ^ ' vi^' 1 belonging to the class of the "poor whites " of the South, were in such circumstances, that they could not confer even the slight- est advantages of education upon their child. When Andrew was five years of age, his father accidentally lost his life while herorically endeavoring to save a friend from drowning. Until ten years of age, Andrew was a ragged boy about the streets, sup]X)rted by the labor of his mother, who obtained her living with her own hands. He then, having never attended a school one day, and being unable either to read or write, was ap- prenticed to a tailor in his native town. A gentleman was it the habit of going to the tailor's shop occasion- ally, and reading to the boys at work there. He often read from the sjieeches of distinguished British states- men. .\ndrew, who was endowed with a mind of more than ordinary- native ability, became much interested in these speeches ; his ambition was roused, and he was inspired with a strong desire to learn to read. He accordingly applied himself to the alphabet, and with the assistance of some of his fellow-workmen, learned his letters. He then called upon the gentle- man to borrow the book of speeches. The owner, ■ -x ^^^5,^' pleased with his zeal, not only gave him the book, but assisted him in learning to combine the letters into words. Under such difficulties he pressed on- ward lalx)riously, spending usually ten or twelve hours at work in the shop, and then robbing himself of rest and recreation to devote such time as he tould to reading. He went to Tennessee in 1S26, and located at Greenville, where he married a young lady who pos- • scssed some education. Under her instructions he| learned to write and cipher. He became prominent 1 in the village debaring society, and a favorite with I the students of Greenville College. In 1828, he or- ganized a working man's party, which elected him alderman, and in 1830 elected him mayor, which position he held three years. He now began to take a lively interest in political affairs ; idenrifying himself with the working-classes, to which he belonged. In 1835, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Tennes- see. He was then just twenty-seven years of age. He became a very active member of the legislature, gave his adhesion to the Democratic party, and in 1840 "stumped the State," advocaring Martin Van Buren's claims to the Presidency, in opposition to those of Gen. Harrison. In this campaign he acquired much readiness as a speaker, and extended and increased his reputation. In 1841, he was elected Stale Senator; in 1843, he was elected a member of Congress, and by successive elections, held that important jiost for ten years. In 1853, he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1S55. In all these resiionsible posi- tions, he discharged his duties with distinguished abil- i -H- 4h* ^^ ANDRE \V JOHNSON. ity, and proved himself the warm friend of the work- ing classes. In 1S57, Mr. Johnson was elected United States Senator. Years before, in 1845, he had warmly advocated the anne.vation of Texas, stating however, as his reason, that he thought this annexation would prob- ably prove " to be the gateway out of which the sable sons of Africa are to pass from bondage to freedom, and become merged in a population congenial to themselves." In 1850, he also supjxjrted the com- promise measures, the two essential features of which were, that the white people of the Territories should be permitted to decide for themselves whether they would enslave the colored people or not, and that the free States of the North should return to the South jiersons who attempted to escape from slaver)-. Mr. Johnson was neverashamedof his lowly origin: on the contrary', he often took pride in avowing that he owed his distinction to his own exertions. "Sir," said he on the floor of the Senate, " I do not forget that I am a mechanic ; neither do I forget that Adam was a tailor and sewed fig-leaves, and that our Sav- ior was the son of a carpenter." rT In the Charleston-Baltimore convention of i860, he was the choice of the Tennessee Democrats for the Presidency. In 1861, when the purpose of the South- im Democracy became apparent, he took a decided stand in favor of the Union, and held that " slavery must be held subordinate to the Union at whatever cost." He returned to Tennessee, and repeatedly imperiled his own life to protect the Unionists of Tennesee. Tennessee having seceded from the Union, President Lincoln, on March 4th, 1862, ap- p)ointed him Military Governor of the State, and he established the most stringent militarj' rale. His numerous proclamations attracted wide attention. In 1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and upon the death of Mr. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, became President. In a speech two days later he said, " The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished ; that the Government will not always bear with its enemies ; that it is strong not only to protect, but to punish. * * The people must understand that it (treason) is the blackest of crimes, and will surely be punished." Yet his whole administration, the history- of which is so well known, was in utter inconsistency with, and the most violent opposition to, the principles laid down in that speech. In his loose policy of reconstruction and general amnesty, he was opposed by Congress ; and he char- acterized Congress as a new rebellion, and lawlessly defied it, in everything possible, to the utmost. In the beginniiig of 1868, on account of "high crimes and misdemeanors," the principal of which was the removal of Secretary Stanton, in violation of the Ten- ure of Office Act, articles of impeachment were pre- ferred against him, and the trial began March 23. • It was very tedious, continuing for nearly three months. A test article of the impeachment was at length submitted to the court for its action. It was certain that as the court voted upon that article so would it vote upon all. Thirty-four voices pronounced the President guilty. As a two-thirds vote was neces- sary to his condemnation, he was pronounced ac- quitted, notwithstanding the great majority against him. The change of one vote from the not guilty side would have sustained the impeachment. The President, for the remainder of his term, was ' but little regarded. He continued, though imixitently, his conflict with Congress. His own party did not think it expedient to renominate him for the Presi- "^ dency. The Nation rallied, with enthusiasm unpar- alleled since the days of Washington, around the name of Gen. Grant. Andrew Johnson was forgotten. The bullet of the assassin introduced him to the President's chair. Notwithstanding this, never was there presented to a man a better opportunity to im- mortalize his name, and to win the gratitude of a nation. He failed utterly. He retired to his home in Greenville, Tenn., taking no very active part in politics until 1875 On Jan. 26, after an e.xciting struggle, he was chosen by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, United States Senator in the forty-fourth Con- gress, and took his seat in that body, at the special session convened by President Grant, on the 5th of March. On the 27th of July, 1875, the ex-President made a visit to his daughter's home, near Carter Station, Tenn. When he started on his journey, he was apparently in his usual ^-igorons health, but on reach- ing the residence of his child the following day, was stricken wlh paralysis, rendering him unconscious. He rallied occasionally, but finally passed away at 2 A.M., July 31, aged sixty-seven years. His fun- eral was attended at Geenville, on the 3d of August, with every demonstration of respect. -t^ LIBRARY OF THE i::iiVERSiTY OF iluh: ^ :i <:iytyO^^ RIGH TEEXril PRESIDENT. 87 • LVSSES S. GRANT, the k eighteenth President of the "/•^United States, was bom on the 29th of April, 1822, of Christian parents, in a humble home, at Point Pleasant, on the banks of the Ohio. Shortly after his father moved to George- town, Brown Co., O. In this re- mote frontier hamlet, Ulysses received a common-school edu- cation. At the age of seven- teen, in the year 1 839, he entered ^«y the Militarj' Academy at West I Point. Here he was regarded as a solid, sensible young man of fair abilities, and of sturdy, honest character. He took respectable rank as a scholar. In June, 1843, he graduated, about the middle in his class, and was sent as lieutenant of in- fantr)- to one of the distant military posts in the Mis- souri Territory. Two years he past in these dreary solitudes, watching the vagabond and exasperating Indians. The war with Mexico came. Lieut. Grant was sent with his regiment to Corpus Christi. His first battle was at Palo Alto. There was no chance here for the exhibition of either skill or heroism, nor at Resaca de la Palma, his second battle. At the battle of Monterey, his third engagement, it is said that he i)erfoniied a signal service of daring and skillful horsemanship. His brigade had exhausted its am- munition. A messenger must be sent for more, along a route exposed to the bullets of the foe. Lieut. Grant, adopting an exj^dient learned of the Indians, grasped the mane of his horse, and hanging upon one side of the animal, ran the gauntlet in entire safety. From Monterey he was sent, with the fourth infantry, to aid Gen. Scott, at the siege of Vera Cruz. In preparation for the march to the city of Mexico, he was apix)inted quartermaster of his regiment. At the battle of Molino del Rey, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, and was brevetted captain at Cha- pultepec. At the close of the Mexican War, Capt. Grant re- turned with his regiment to Xew York, and was again sent to one of the military posts on the frontier. The discover)' of gold in California causing an immense tide of emigration to flow to the Pacific shores, Capt. Grant was sent with a battalion to Fort Dallas, in Oregon, for the protection of the interests of the im- migrants. Life was wearisome in those wilds. Capt. Grant resigned his commission and returned to the States; and having married, entered upon the cultiva- tion of a small fann near St. I/3uis, Mo. He had but little skill as a farmer. Finding his toil not re- munerative, he turned to mercantile life, entering into the leather business, with a younger brother, at Ga- lena, 111. This was in the year i860. .■Xs the tidings of the rebels firing on Fort Sumpter reached the ears of Capt. Grant in his counting-room, he said, — "Uncle Sam has educated me for the army; though I have served him through one war, I do not feel that I have yet repaid the debt. I am still ready to discharge my obligations. I shall therefore buckle on my sword and see Uncle Sam through this war too." He went into the streets, raised a company of vol- unteers, and led them .as their captain to Springfield, the capital of the State, where their services were offered to Gov. Yates. The Governor, impressed by the zeal and straightforward executive ability of Capt. Grant, gave him a desk in his office, to assist in the volunteer organization that was being fonned in the State in behalf of the Government. On the 15th of \ ^f^ ■c T ' ^'. ULYSSES S. GRANT. June, 1861, Capt. Grant received a commission as Colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers. His merits as a West Point graduate, who had served for 15 years in the regular army, were such that he was soon promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General and was placed in command at Cairo. The rebels raised their banner at Paducah, near the mouth of the Tennessee River. Scarcely had its folds ap- peared in the breeze ere Gen. Grant was there. The rebels fled. Their banner fell, and the star and stripes were unfurled in its stead. He entered the service with great determination and immediately began active duty. This was the be- ginning, and until the surrender of Lee at Richmond he was ever pushing the enemy with great vigor and effectiveness. At Belmont, a few days later, he sur- prised and routed the rebels, then at Fort Henry won another victory. Then came the brilliant fight at Fort Donelson. The nation was electrified by the victory, and the brave leader of the boys in blue was immediately made a M.ijor-General, and the military district of Tennessee was assigned to him. Like all great captains. Gen. Grant knew well how to secure the results of victory. He immediately pushed on to the enemies' lines. Then came the terrible battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, where Gen. Pemberton made an unconditional surrender of the city with over thirty thousand men and one-hundred and seventy-two can- non. The fall of Vicksburg was by far the most severe blow which the rebels had thus far encountered, and opened up the Mississippi from Cairo to the Gulf. Gen. Grant was next ordered to co-operate with Gen. Banks in a movement upon Te.xas, and pro- ceeded to New Orleans, where he was thrown from his horse, and received severe injuries, from which he was laid up for months. He then rushed to the aid of Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas at Chattanooga, and by a wonderful series of strategic and technical meas- ures put the Union Army in fighting condition. Then followed the bloody battles at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, in which the rebels were routed with great loss. This won for him un- bounded praise in the North. On the 4th of Febru- ary, 1864, Congress revived the grade of lieutenant- general, and the rank was conferred on Gen. Grant. He repaired to Washington to receive his credentials and enter upon the duties of his new office. LA Gen. Grant decided as soon as he took charge of the army to concentrate the widely-dispersed National troops for an attack upon Richmond, the nominal capital of the Rebellion, and endeavor there to de- stroy the rebel armies which would be promptly as- sembled from all quarters for its defence. The whole continent seemed to tremble under the tramp of these majestic armies, rushing to the decisive battle field. .Steamers were crowded with troops. Railway trains were burdened with closely packed thousands. His plans were comprehensive and involved a series of campaigns, which were executed with remarkable en- ergy and ability, and were consummated at the sur- render of Lee, April 9, 1865. Tlie war was ended. The Union was saved. The almost unanimous voice of the Nation declared Gen. Grant to be the most prominent instrument in its sal- vation. The eminent services he had thus rendered the country brought him conspicuously forward as the Republican candidate for the Presidential chair. At the Republican Convention held at Chicago, May 21, 1868, he was unanimously nominated for the Presidency, and at the autumn election received a majority of the jxapular vote, and 214 out of 294' electoral votes. The National Convention of tlie Republican party which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of June, 1872," placed Gen. Grant in nomination for a second term by a unanimous vote. The selection was emphati- cally indorsed by the people five months later, 292 electoral votes being cast for him. Soon after the close of his second terra, Gen. Grant started upon his famous trip around the world. He visited almost every country of the civilized world, and was everywhere received with such ovations and demonstrations of respect and honor, private as well as public and official, as were never before bestowed u{X)n any citizen of the United States. He was the most prominent candidate before the Republican National Convention in i88o for a re- nomination for President. He went to New York and embarked in the brokerage business under the firm nameof Grant & Ward. The latter proved a villain, wrecked Grant's fortune, and for larceny was sent to the penitentiary. The General was attacked with cancer in the throat, but sulfered in his stoic-like manner, never complaining. He was re-instated as General of the Army and retired by Congress. The cancer soon finished its deadly work, and July 23, 1885, the nation went in mourning over the death of the illustrious General. LIDRARY ^ THE i;:nvERs»TY of ilun f NINETEENTH PRESIDENT. 9« r S RUTHEMl'aiiD B. HmYES. UTHERFORD B. HAVES, the nineteenth President of the United States, was born in Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, al- most three months after the death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable char- acter. It can be traced, it is said, as farbackas 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chief- tains, fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates, ' and had a large following. Misfor- tune overtaking the family, George Hayes left Scot- land in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George was born in Windsor, and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, mar- ried Sarah Lee, and lived from the time of his mar- riage until his death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufac- turer of scythes at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a farmer, blacksmith and tavern-keeper. He emigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro, where he established a hotel. Here his son Ruth- erford Hayes, the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 1813, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington, Vt., wliose ancestors emi- grated thither from Connecticut, they having been among the wealthiest and best fanilies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to r635, to John Birchard, one of the principal founders of -Vorwich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The father of President Hayes was an industrious, frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a me- chanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a slock- ing, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town, and con- ducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of 181 2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio. The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day, when there were no canals, steamers, nor railways, was a very serious affair. A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayts deter- mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malaiial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore be- reavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Ver- mont, and in an orphan girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the --> A 92 RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker, so that the neighbors were in the habit of in- quiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes' baby died last night." On one occasion a neighbor, who was on familiar terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of him, said in a bantering way, " That's right ! Stick to him. Yoa have got him along so far, andl shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. " You wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. The boy was seven years old before he went to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and sister as he would have done at school. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circumstances f tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of dispo- sition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his character. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest ^ in his education; and as the bov's health had im- proved, and he was making good progress in his studies, he proposed to send him to college. His pre- , yaration commenced with a tutor at home; bit he was afterwards sent for one year to a professor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He en- tered Kenyon College in 1838, at the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Inmiediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. In 1845, after graduatmg at the Law School, he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice a's an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he re- mained three years, acipiiring but a limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- fession. In 1849 he moved to Cincninati, where his ambi- tion found a new stimulus. For several years, how- ever, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a powerful influence upon his subse- quent life. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the other was his introduction to the Cin- cinnati Literary Club, a body embracing among its members such men as Chief justice Salmon P. Chase, Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as everybody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she toreflect honor upon American woman- hood. The Literary Club brought Mr. Hayes into constant association with young men of high char- acter and noble aims, and lured him to display the qualities so long hidden by his bashfulness and modesty. In 1856 he was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; but he declined to ac- cept the nomination. Two years later, the office of city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Council elected him for the unexpired term. In 1 86 1, when the Rebellion broke out, he was at the zenith of his professional life. His rank at the bar was among the the first. But the news of the attack on Fort Sumpter found him eager to take up arms for the defense of his co\intry. His military record was bright ard illustrious. In October, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, he was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the battle of South Mountain he received a wound, and while faint and bleeding dis^jlayed courage and fortitude that won admiration from all. Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious sei vices in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General,"forpallant and distirguished services during the campaigns of 1864, in West Virginia." In the course of liis arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times. In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Ohio District, which had long been Dem- ocratic. He was not present during the campaign, and after his election was importuned to resign his commission in the army; but he finally declared, "I shall never come to Washington until I can come by the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1S66. In 1867, Gen Hayes wis elei-ted (lovernorof f )hio, over Hon. .\llen G. Thurman, a popular Democrat. In 1869 was re-elected over tieorge H. Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in 1875. In 1876 he was the standard bearer of the Repub- lican P.irty in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was chosen President, and was in augurated Monday, March 5, 1875. He served his full term, not, however, with satisfaction to his party, but his admiii'stration was an average one. =X! L'.rnARY OF THE L".VERSITY OF ILUW" JU TxVEXriETIl PRESIDENT. 95 i JAMES A, GAKFIELEJ^^ ::r«re::;.^«i^;:;c*i;:;c«»£;:j+ a j AMES A. (lARi'lELD, twen- tieth President of the United States, was born Nov. 19, I S3 1, in the woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His par- M'^Y - / ^"'^ were Abram and Eliza ^''ij'icjlz (Ballou) Garfield, both of New ' '. ^ England ancestry and from fami- w. "_ lies well known in the early liis- ' jTlf' ^""^ "^ ''^^^ section of our coun- try, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settle- ment. The house in which James A. was born was not unlike the houses of poor Ohio farmers of that day. It was about 20x30 feet, built of logs, with the spaces be- tween the logs filled with clay. His father was a hard working farmer, and he soon had his fields cleared, an orchard planted, and a log barn built. The household comprised the father and mother and their four children — Mehetabel, Thomas, Mary and James. In May, 1823, the father, from a cold con- tracted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At this time James was about eighteen months old, and Thomas about ten years old. No one, perhaps, can tell how much James was indebted to his biother's toil and self-sacrifice during the twenty years suc- ceeding his father's death, but undoubtedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sis- ters live in Solon, O., near their birthplace. The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of them. He labored at farm work for others, did car- penter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would bring in a few doHars to aid his widowed mother in her struggles to keep the little family to- gether. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever asii.mied of his origin, and ho never forgot the friends of his strug- gling childhood, youtli and manhood, neither did they ever forget him. When in the highest seats of honor, the humblest fiiend of his boyhood was as kindly greeted as ever. The [xjorest lai)orer was sureof the sympathy of one who had known all tlie bitterness of wa.it ami the sweetness of bread earned by the sweat of the brow. He was ever the simple, ])lain, modest gentleman. The highest ajnbition of young Garfield until he was about sixteen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Erie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, which his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland. This was his first visit to the city. After making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and nut meeting witji success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on tlie Ohio i\: Pennsylvania Canal. He re- mained at this work but a short time when he went home, and attended the seminary at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disci|)les of Christ in 1850, of whicli church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his way. He then became both teacher and pujiil. He soon " exhausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest hon- ors of his class. He afterwards returned to Hiram College as its President. .\s above stated, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous mem- ber, often preaching in its pulpit and places where he liappened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Vale College, says of him in reference to his religion : V -€h. 96 JAMES A. GARFIELD. ■4- "President Garfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from boyhood to the last, shows that duty to man and to God, and devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more than usual degree. In my judgment there is no more interesting feature of his character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in which he was trained, and the fervent sympathy which he ever showed in iheir Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian comnmnions in which they haue been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and political sig- nificance they step upward from one degree to another in some- of the many types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the church of his mother, the church in which he was trained, and in which he sen'ed as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet with the largest and most unsec- tarian charity for all 'who love our Lord in sincerity.'" Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. 11, 1858, who proved herself worthy as the wife of one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven children, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl. iK Mr.Garfieldmade his first politicalspeechesin 1856, ^ in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak, at county mass-meet- ings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in i86t was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to defend tlie old flag. He re- ceived his commission as Lieut. -Colonel of the Forty- second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 14, 1861. He was inmiediately put into active ser- vice, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantrj' and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the officer (Humphrey M'-rsl-all) reputed to be the ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky had given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speed- ily accomplished, although against great odds. Pres- ident Lincoln, on his success commissioned him Brigadier-General, Jan. 10, 1862; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. He was then detailed as a member of the General Couit-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-Tohn Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gen. Rose- crans, and was assigned to the "Chief of Staff." The military history of Gen. Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of the Major-General. Without an effort on his part Gen. Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1S62 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congress for si.vty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he en- tered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. There he remained by successive re- elections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Since the year 1864 you cannot think of a question which has been debated in Congress, or discussed before a iribunel of the American people, in regard to which you will not find, if you wish mstruction, the argu- ment on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield."' UiX)n Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on ^ March 4, 1881, was inaugurated. Probably no ad- ministration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices than that of President Gaifield, and every^ day it grew in favo." with the peojjle, and by the first of July he had completed all the initiatory and pre- liminary work of his administration and was prepar- ing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams" College. While on his way and at the deix)t, in com- pany with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, and as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but in.licting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the world " Never before in the history of the Nation had anything oc- curred which so nearly froze the blood of the people for the moment, as this awful deed. He was smit- ten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the countrj- and the world the noblest of human lessons — how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpass- ingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. 19, 1S83, at Elberon, N. J, on the ver>- bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The world wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. The murderer was duly tried, found guilty and exe cuted, in one year after he committed the foul deed. I CF THE 1—.VERSITY OF ILLIW' :^ *"*#*y3f. S^- / ./ TirE.WTY-FIRST PRESIDEXT. 99 J HESTER A. ARTHUR, ~ '4- twenty-first President of the ^United States, was bom in Franklin County, Vermont, on thefifthof October, 1S30, and is the oldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, who emigrated to this countrj' from the count)- Antrim, Ireland, in his iSth year, and died in 1S75, in Newtonville, near Albany, after a long and successful ministry-. Young Arthur was educated at Union College, Schenectady, where he excelled in all his studies. Af- ter his graduation he taught school in Vermont for two years, and at the e.xpiration of that time came to New York, with $500 in his ix)cket, and entered the oflice of e.x-Judge E. D. Culver as student. .After being admitted to the bar he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a success- ful career almost from the start. General Arthur soon afterward manied the daughter of Lieutenant Hemdon, of the United Stales Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to liis widow in recognition of the braver)' lie displayed on that occa- sion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. .-Vrthur's nomination to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children. Gen. .\rthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Siijjeriot Court of New York City. It was in 1852 that Jon. athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized tht Attorney General of that State to assist in an apj)eal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the Unitetl States. Charles O'Conor here esiwused the cause of the slave-holders, but he too was beaten by Messrs. Evarts and .\rthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race. Another great service was rendered by General .\rthur in the same cause in 1856. Lizzie Jennings, a resiiectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General .Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the compa- ny issued an order to admit colored persons to tide on their cars, and the other car companies quickly I t* CHESTER A. ARTHUR. followed their example. Before that the Sixth Ave- nue Company ran a few special cars for colored per- sons and the other lines refused to let them ride at all. General Arthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Republican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov- ernor Morgan, of that State, appointed huii Engineer- in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspec- tor General, and soon afterward became Quartermas- ter-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal prac- tice of this well-known firm was very large and lucra- tive, each of the gentlemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent. He always took a leading part in State and city lX)litics. He was apjxjintcd Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1872, to suc- ceed Thomas Murphy, and held the office until July, 20, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt. Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James .A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1 880. This was jjerhaps the greatest {X)litical convention that ever assembled on the continent. It was composed of the leading politicians of the Re- publican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the conven- tion for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield re- ceived the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election. Finally the election came and the country's choice was Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated March 4, 1881, as President and Vice-President. A few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, — those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized na- tions were throbbing in unison, longing for the re- cover)' of the noble, the good President. The remark- able patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suf- fering man has often been called upon to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly God- like. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr. Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to his credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover, to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi- ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored jxasition in the world «as at any moment likely to fall to him. At last God in his mercy relieved President Gar- field from further suffering, and the world, as never before in its history over the death of any other man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty of the Vice President to assume the responsibilities of the high office, and he took the oath in New York, ' Sept. 20, 1881. The jxssition was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were oii him, anxious to know what he would do, ■< what [Xjlicy he would pursue, and who he would se- lect as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness, and many innxirtant measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feelings of many on this jxjint. Under these trying circumstances President Arthur took the reins of the Government in his own hands ; and, as embarrassing as were the condition of affairs, he happily surprised the nation, acting so wisely that but few criticised his administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second terra. His name was ably presented before the con- vention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life car- rj-ing with him the best wishes of the American peo- ple, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself. LICRARY CF THE t'!!VERSITY OF ILLIN' J /^^trt€^7^ t TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENT. •°3 @t0Xier :i*s 5*^: s*^ •-:«»-a£»3ie» )e1 m id • 1 ^^vx/y^r^ TEPHEN GROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty- second Pres- ident of the United States, was born in 1837, in the obscure town of Caldwell, Essex Co., ..^^^ vf N. J., and in a little two-and-a- /f/^^l^ half-story white house which is still standing, characteristically to mark the humble birth-place of one of America's great men in striking con- trast with the Old World, where all men high in office must be high in origin and born in the cradle of wealth. When the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his father, who was a Presbyterian min- ister, with a large family and a small salary, moved, by way of the Hudson River and Erie Canal, to Fayetteville, in search of an increased income and a larger field of work. Fayetteville was then the most straggling of country villages, about five miles from Pompey Hill, where Governor Seymour was born. At the last mentioned place young Grover com- menced going to school in the " good, old-fashioned way," and presumably distinguished himself after the manner of all village boys, in doing the things he ought not to do. Such is the distinguishing trait of all geniuses and independent thinkers. Wlien he arrived at the age of 14 years, he had outgrown the capacity of the village school and expressed a most emphatic desire to be sent to an academy. To this his father decidedly objected. Academies in those days cost money; besides, his father wanted him to become self-supiwrting by the quickest ix>ssible means, and this at that time in Fayetteville seemed to be a iMsition in a country store, where his father and the large family on his hands had considerable inrtiience. Grover was to be paid S50 for his services the first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $100 the second year. Here the lad com- menced his career as salesman, and in two years he had earned so good a reputation for trustworthiness tiiat his employers desired to retain him for an in- definite length of time. Otherwise he did not ex- hibit as yet any particular " flashes of genius " or eccentricities of talent. He was simply a good boy. But instead of remaining with this firm in Fayette- ville, he went with the family in their removal to Clinton, wliere he had an opportunity of attending a high school. Here he industriously pursued his studies until the family removed with him to a point oil Black River known as the " Holland Patent," a village of 500 or 600 people, 15 miles north of Utica, .V. Y. At this place his father died, after preaching but three Sundays. This event broke up the family, and Grover set out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the (wsition of " under-teachcr " in an asylum for the blind. He taught faithfully for two years, and although he obtained a good reputation in this capacity, he concluded that teaching was not his +> 4 104 yY^ . S. GROVER CLEVELAND. calling for life, and, reversing the traditional order, he left the city to seek his fortune, instead of going to a city. He first thought of Cleveland, Ohio, as there v/as some charm in that name for him ; but before proceeding to that place he went to Buffalo to ask the advice of his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a noted stock-breeder of that place. The latter did not speak enthusiastically. " What is it you want to do, my boy.'" he asked. "Well, sir, I want to study law," was the reply. " Good gracious ! " remarked the old gentleman ; " do you, indeed .'' What ever put that into your head.' How much money have you got?" "Well, sir, to tell the truth, I haven't got any." After a long consultation, his uncle offered him a place temporarily as assistant herd-keeper, at $50 a year, while he could " look around." One day soon afterward he boldly walked into the office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of Buffalo, and told them what he wanted. A number of young men were already en- gaged in the office, but Grover's persistency won, and he was finally permitted to come as an office boy and Jhave the use of the law library, for the nominal sum ,of $3 or $4 a week. Out of this he had to pay for his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and rugged one; and, although the first winter was a memorably severe one, his shoes were out of repair and his overcoat — he had none — yet he was nevertheless prompt and regular. On the first day of his service here, his senior em- ployer threw down a copy of Blackstone before him with a bang that made the dust fly, saying "That's where they all begin." A titter ran around the little circle of clerks and students, as they thought that was enough to scare young Grover out of his plans ; but in due time he mastered that cumbersome volume. Then, as ever afterward, however, Mr. Cleveland exhibited a talent for executiveness rather than for chasing principles through all their metaphysical possibilities. " Let us quit talking and go and do it," was practically his motto. The first public office to which Mr. Cleveland was elected was that of Sheriff of Erie Co., N. Y., in which BuiTalo is situated; and in such capacity it fell to his duty to inflict capital punishment upon two criminals. In 1881 he was elected Mayor of the City of Buffalo, on the Democratic ticket, with es- pecial reference to the bringing about certain reforms in the administration of the municipal affairs of that city. In this office, as well as that of Sheriff, his performance of duty has generally been considered fair, with possibly a few exceptions which were fer- reted out and magnified during the last Presidential campaign. As a specimen of his plain language in a veto message, we quote from one vetoing an iniqui- tous street-cleaning contract : " This is a time for plain speech, and my objection to your action shall be plainly stated. I regard it as the culmination of a mos'; bare-faced, impudent and shameless scheme to betray the interests of the people and to worse than squander the people's money." The New York Sun afterward very highly commended Mr. Cleve- land's administration as Mayor of Buffalo, and there- upon recommended him for Governor of the Empire State. To the latter office he was elected in 1882, and his administration of the affairs of State was generally satisfactory. The mistakes he made, if any, were made very public throughout the nation after he was nominated for President of the United States. For this high office he was nominated July ti, 1884, by the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, when other competitors were Thomas F. Bayard, Roswell P. Flower, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin F. Butler, Allen G. Thurman, etc.; and he was elected by the people, by a majority of about a thousand, over the brilliant and long-tried Repub- lican statesman, James G. Blaine. President Cleve- land resigned his office as Governor of New York in January, 1885, in order to prepare for his duties as the Chief Executive of the United States, in which capacity his term commenced at noon on the 4th of March, 1885. For his Cabinet officers he selected the following gentlemen: For Secretary of State, Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware ; Secretary of the Treasury, Daniel Manning, of New York ; Secretary of War, William C. Endicott, of Massachusetts; Secretary of the Navy, William C. Whitney, of New York ; Secretary of the Interior, L. Q. C. Lamar, of Mississippi; Postmaster-General, William F. Vilas, of Wisconsin ; Attorney-General, A. H. Garland, of Arkansas. The silver question precipitated a controversy be- tween those who were in favor of the continuance of silver coinage and those who were opposed, Mr. Cleveland answering for the latter, even before his inauguration. *x- ±* *+* ^e-J—- ^H • Kl •» M *• J CF THE IMiVERSITY OF ILLIN' ?^. ^a^x<^<>e Territory. In company with John G. Comyges, Thomas H. Harris, C^harles Slade, Michael Jones, Warren Brown, Edward Humphries and Charles W. Hunter, he became a proprietor of tlie site of the initial city of Cairo, wliich they hoped, from its favor- able location at the junction of the two great rivers near the center of the Great West, would rapidly develop into a metropolis. To aid the enter- prise, they obtained a special charter from the Legis- lature, incoriwrating both the City and the Bank of J Cairo. In 1818 Mr. Bond was elected the first Governor of the State of Illinois, being inaugurated Oct. 6, that year, which was several weeks before Illinois was actually admitted. The facts are these: In January, 18 18, the Territorial Legislature sent a peti- tion to Congress for the admission of Illinois as a State, Nathaniel Pope being then Delegate. The ])etition was granted, fixing the northern line of the State on the latitude of the southern extremity of Lake Michigan; but the bill was afterward so amend- ed as to extend this line to its present latitude. In July a convention was called at Kaskaskia to draft a constitution, which, however, was not submitted to the people. By its provisions, supreme judges, pros- ecuting attorneys, county and circuit judges, record- ers and justices of the peace were all to be apiwinted by the Governor or elected by the Legislature. This constitution was accei)ted by Congress Dec. 30. At that time Illinois comprised but eleven counties, namely, Randolpli, Madison, Gallatin, Johnson, Pope, Jackson, Crawford, Bond, Union, Washington and Franklin, the northern iwrtion of the State be- ing mainly in Madison County. Thus it appears that Mr. Bond was honored by the naming of a ^ A JU SHADRACH BOND. ^ *r county before he was elected Governor, The present county of Bond is of small limitations, about 60 to 80 miles south of Springfield. For Lieutenant Governor the neople chose Pierre Menard, a prominent and worthy Frenchman, after whom a county in this State is named. In this election there were no opposition candidates, as the ix>pularity of these men had made their promotion to the chief offices of the State, even before the constitution was drafted, a foregone con- clusion. The principal points that excited the people in reference to political issues at this period were local or "internal improvements," as they were called. State banks, location of the capital, slavery and the personal characteristics of the proposed candidates. Mr. Bond represented the "Convention party," for introducing slavery into the State, supported by Elias Ke It Kane, his Secretary of State, and John Mc- Lean, while Nathaniel Pope and John P. Cook led the anti-slavery element. The people, however, did not become very much excited over this issue until 1820, when the famous Missouri Compromise was adopted by Congress, limiting slavery to the south of the parallel of 36'' 30' exce|)t in Missouri. While this measure settled the great slavery controversy, so far as the average public sentiment was tempor- arily concerned, until 1854, when it was repealed under the leadership of Stephen A. Douglas, the issue as considered locally in tliis State was not decided until 1824, after a most furious campaign. (See sketch of Gov, Coles.) The ticket of 1818 was a compromise one. Bond representing (moderately) the pro-slavery sentiment and Menard the anti-slavery. An awkward element in the State government under Gov. Bond's administration, was the imperfec- tion of the State constitution. The Convention wished to have Elijah C. Berry for the first Auditor of Public Accounts, but, as it was believed that the new Governor would not appoint him to the office, the Convention declared in a schedule that "an auditor of public accounts, an attorney general and such other officers of the State as may be necessary, may be appointed by the General Assembly." The Constitution, as it stood, vested a very large apix)int- ing power in the Governor ; but for the purpose of getting one man into office, a total change was made, and the jxjwer vested in the Legislature. Of this provision the Legislature took advantage, and de- . ' 'H clared that State's attorneys, canal commissioners, bank directors, etc., were all " officers of the State" and must therefore be apjxjinted by itself independ- ently of the Governor. During Gov. Bond's administration a general law was passed for the incorporation of academies and towns, and one authorizing lotteries. The session of 1822 authorized the Governor to appoint commis- sioners, to act in conjunction with like commissioners appointed by the State of Indiana, to report on the practicability and expediency of improving the navi- gation of the Wabash River; also inland navigation generally. Many improvements were recommended, some of which have been feebly worked at even till the present day, those along the Wabash being of no value. Also, during Gov. Bond's term of office, the capital of the State was removed from Kaskaskia to j Vandalia. In 1820 a law was passed by Congress authorizing this State to open a canal through the [ public lands. The State appointed commissioners f lo explore the route and prepare the necessary sur-^ veys and estimates, preparatory to its execution; | but, being unable out of its own resources to defray the expenses of the undertaking, it was abandoned^* until some time after Congress made the grant of land for the purpose of its construction. On the whole, Gov. Bond's administration was' fairly good, not being open to severe criticism from any party. In 1824, two years after the expiration of his term of office, he was brought out as a candi- date for Congress against the formidable John P. Cook, but received only 4,374 votes to 7,460 for the latter. Gov. Bond was no orator, but had made many fast friends by a judicious bestowment of his gubernatorial patronage, and these worked zealously for him in the campaign. In 1827 ex-Gov. Bond was appointed by the Leg- islature, with Wm. P. McKee and Dr. Gershom Jayne, as Commissioners to locate a site for a peni- tentiary on the Mississippi at or near Alton. Mr. Bond was of a benevolent and convivial dis- position, a man of shrewd observation and clear ap- preciation of events. His person was erect, stand- ing six feet in height, and after middle life became portly, weighing 200 pounds. His features were strongly masculine, complexion dark, hair jet and eyes hazel ; was a favorite with the ladies. He died April 1 1, 1830, in peace and contentment. 1 ^T LEAST OIVJE OF THE EDGES OF TH.c ECAUSE OF AN EXTREMELV NARROW LHRARY OF THE L.:;VERSITY OF ILUNC^S if^UvtiX^ ^^i^ GO VERNORS OF ILLIiXOlS. "5 f DWARl> COLES, second Governor of Illinois, 1823- 6, was born Dec. 15, 1786, in Albemarle Co., Va., on the old family estate called "Enniscorthy," on the '"i>' Green Mountain. His fath- er, John Coles, was a Colonel in the Revolutionary War. Having been fit- ted for college by private tutors, he was sent to Hampden Sidney, where he remained until the autumn of 1805, when he was removed to William and Mar)' College, at Williamsburg, Va. This college he left in the summer of 1807, a short time before the final and graduating examination. Among his classmates were Lieut. Gen. Scott, President John Tyler, Wni. S. Archer, United States Senator from Virginia, and Justice Baldwin, of the United States Supreme Court. The President of the latter college. Bishop Madison, was a cousin of President James Madison, and that cir- cumstance was the occasion of Mr. Coles becoming personally acquainted with the President and re- ceiving a position as his private secretary, 1809-15. The family of Coles was a prominent one in Vir- ginia, and their mansion was the seat of the old- fashioned Virginian hospitality. It was visited by such notables as Patrick Henry, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, the Randolphs, Tazewell, Wirt, etc. At the age of 23, young Coles found himself heir to a plant- ation and a considerable number of slaves. Ever since his earlier college days his attention had been drawn to the question of slavery. He read every- thing on the subject that came in his way, and listened to lectures on the rights of man. The more he reflected upon the subject, the more impossible was it for him to reconcile the immortal declaration "that all men are born free and equal " with the practice of slave-holding. He resolved, therefore, to free his slaves the first opportunity, and even remove his'residence to a free State. One reason which de- termined him to accept the appointment as private _J secretary to Mr. Midison was because he believed that through the acquaintances he could make at Washington he could better determine in what part , of the non-slaveho'ding portion of the Union he would prefer to settle. The relations between Mr. Coles and President Madison, as well as Jefferson and other distinguished men, were of a very friendly character, arising from the similarity of their views on the question of slavery and their sympathy for each other in holding doc- trines so much at variance with the prevailing senti- ment in their own State. In 1857, he resigned his secretaryship and spent a portion of the following autumn in exploring the Northwest Territory, for the purpose of finding a lo- cation and purchasing lands on which to settle his negroes. He traveled with a horse and buggy, with an extra man and horse for emergencies, through many parts of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, determining finally to settle in Illinois. .\t this time, however, a misunderstanding arose between our Government and Russia, and Mr. Coles was selected to repair to St. Petersburg on a special mission, bear- ing important papers concerning the matter at issue. The result was a conviction of the Emperor (Alex- HI- ii6 EDWARD COLES. ander) of the error committed by his minister at Washington, and the consequent withdrawal of the the latter from the post. On his return, Mr. Coles visited otiier parts of Europe, especially Paris, where he was introduced to Gen. Lafayette. In the spring of 1819, he removed with all his negroes from Virginia to Edwardsville, 111., with the intention of giving them their liberty. He did not make known to them his intention until one beautiful morning in April, as they were descending the Ohio River. He lashed all the boats together and called all the negroes on deck and made them a short ad- dress, concluding his remarks by so expressing him- self that by a turn of a sentence he proclaimed in the shortest and fullest manner that they were no longer slaves, but free as he was and were at liberty to proceed with him or go ashore at their pleas- ure. A description of the effect upon the negroes is best desciibed in his own language : "The effect upon them was electrical. They stared at me and then at each other, as if doubting the ac- curacy or reality of what they heard. In breathless silence they stood before me, unable to utter a word, but with countenances beaming with expression which no words could convey, and which no language can describe. As they began to see the truth of what they had lieard, and realize their situation, there came on a kind of hysterical, giggling laugh. After . a pause of intense and unutterable emotion, bathed in tears, and with tremulous voices, they gave vent to their gratitude and implored the blessing of God L on me." Before landing he gave them a general certificate of freedom, and afterward conformed more particu- larly with the law of this State requiring that each individual should have a certificate. This act of Mr. Coles, all the more noble and heroic considering the overwhelming pro-slavery influences surrounding him, has challenged the admiration of every philan- thropist of modern times. March 5, 1819, President Monroe appointed Mr. Coles Registrar of the Land Office at Edwardsvil.e, at that time one of the principal land offices in the State. While acting in this capacity and gaining many friends by his politeness and general intelli- gence, the greatest struggle that ever occurred in Illinois on the slavery quesiion culminated in the furious contest characterizing the campaigns and elections of 1822-4. In the summer of 1823, when a new Governor was to be elected to succeed Mr. Bond, the pro-slavery element divided into factions, putting forward for the executive office Joseph Phillips, Chief Justice of the State, Thomas C. Browne and Gen. James B. Moore, of the State Mil- itia. The anti-slavery element united upon Mr. Coles, and, after one of the most bitter campaigns, succeeded in electing him as Governor. His plural- ity over Judge Phillips was only 59 in a total vote of over 8,000. The Lieutenant Governor was elected by the slavery men. Mr. Coles' inauguration speech was marked by calmness, deliberation and such a wise expression of appropriate suggestions as to elicit the sanction of all judicious politicians. But he compromised not with evil. In his message to the Legislature, the seat of Government being then at Vandalia, he strongly urged the abrogation of the modified form of slavery which then existed in this State, contrary to the Ordinance of 1787. His posi- tion on this subject seems the more remarkable, when it is considered that he was a minority Governor, the population of Illinois being at that time almost ex- clusively from slave-holding States and by a large majority in favor of the perpetuation of that old relic of barbarism. The Legislature itself was, of course, a reflex of the popular sentiment, and a majority of them were led on by fiery men in denunciations of the conscientious Governor, and in curses loud and deep upon him and all his friends. Some of the public men, indeed, went so far as to head a sort of mob, or "shiveree" party, who visited the residence of the Governor and others at Vandalia and yelled and groaned and spat fire. The Constitution, not establishing or permitting slavery in this State, was thought therefore to be defective by the slavery politicians, and they desired a State Convention to be elected, to devise and sub- mit a new Constitution; and the dominant politics of the day was "Convention" and "anti-Conven- tion." Both parties issued addresses to the people. Gov. Coles himself being the author of the address published by the latter party. This address revealed the schemes of the conspirators in a masterly man- ner. It is difficult for us at this distant day to esti- mate the critical and extremely delicate situation in which the Governor was placed at that time. Our hero maintained himself honorably and with supreme dignity throughout his administration, and in his honor a county in this State is named. He was truly a great man, and those who lived in this State during his sojourn here, like those who live at the base of the mountain, were too near to see and recognize the greatness that overshadowed them. Mr. Coles was married Nov. 28, 1833, by Bishop De Lancey, to Miss Sally Logan Roberts, a daughter of Hugh Roberts, a descendant of Welsh ancestry, who cami to this country with Wm. Penn in 1682. After the expiration of his term of service. Gov. Coles continued his residence in Edwardsville, sup- erintending his farm in the vicinity. He was fond of agriculture, and was the founder of the first agri- cultural society in the State. On account of ill health, however, and having no family to tie him down, he spent much of his time in Eastern cities. About r832 he changed his residence to Philadel- phia, where he died July 7, 1868, and is buried at Woodland, near that city. LI3RARY CF THE L':!1VERSITY OF ILLI»'' 6- c^-ti/ti^^Ji, ::?=^ GOl'ERyORS OF ILLINOIS. "9 !V i 11 i a 11 E d a\ a i^ d ss . h%^^#^->»- INIAN EDWARDS, Governor 1) from 1827 to 1830, was a sou ')^ of Benjamin Edwards, and was born in Montgomer)- o County, Maryland, in March, ~' .*; 1775- His domestic train- "^ ft- ^ ing was well fitted to give his mind strength, firmness and hor.orable principles, and a good foundation was laid for the elevated character to which he afterwards attained. His parents were Bap- tists, and very strict in their moral piinciples. His education in early youth was in company with and partly under the tuition of Hon. Wm. Wirt, whom his father patronized^ and who was more than two years older. An intimacy was thus formid between them which was lasting for life. He was further educated at Dickinson College, at Car- lisle, Pa. He ne.xt commenced the study of law, but before completing his course he moved to Nelson County, Ky., to open a fami for his father and to purchase homes and locate lands for his brothers and sisters. Here he fell in the company of dissolute companions, and for several years led the life of a spendthrift. He was, however, elected to the Legis- lature of Kentucky as the Representative of Nelson County before he was 2 1 years of age, and was re- elected by an almost unanimous vote. In 1798 he was licensed to practice law, and the following year was admitted to the Courts of Tennes- see. About this time he left Nelson County for Russellville, in Logan County, broke away from his dissolute companions, commenced a reformation and devoted himself to severe and laborious study. He then began to rise rapidly in his profession, and soon became an eminent lawyer, and inside of four years he filled in succession the offices of Presiding Judge of the General Court, Circuit Judge, fourth Judge of the Court of Appeals and Chief Justice of the State, — all before he was 32 years of age! In addition, in 1S02, he received a commission as Major of a battal- ion of Kentucky militia, and in 1S04 was chosen a Presidential Elector, on the Jefferson and Clinton ticket. In 1806 he was a candidate for Congress, but withdrew on being promoted to the Court of Appeals. Illinois was organized as a separate Territory in the spring of 1809, when Mr. Edwards, then Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals in Kentucky, received from President Madison the ap[X)intment as Gover- nor of the new Territory, his commission bearing date .\pril 24, 1809. Edwards arrived at Kaskaskia in June, and on the i ith of that month took the oath of office. At tiie same time lie was apixsinted Superin- tendent of the United States Saline, this Government interest then developing into considerable proportions in Southern Illinois. Although during the first three years of his administration he had the power to make new counties and appoint all the officers, yet he always allowed the people of each county, by an informal 4^ A — ,tTZ . NINIAN EDWARDS. vote, to select their own officers, both civil and mili- tary. The noted John J. Crittenden, afterward United States Senator from Kentucky, was appointed by Gov. Edwards to the office of Attorney General of the Territory, which office was accepted for a short time only. The Indians in iSio committing sundry depreda- tions in the Territory, crossing the Mississippi from the Territory of Louisiana, a long correspondence fol- lowed between the respective Governors concerning the remedies, which ended in a council with the sav- ages at Peoria in 1812, and a fresh interpretation of the treaties. Peoria was depopulated by these de- predations, and was not re-settled for many .years afterward. As Gov. Edwards' term of office expired by law in 1812, he was re-appointed for another term of three years, and again in 1815 for a third term, serving until the organization of the State in the fall of 18 18 and the inauguration of Gov. Bond. At this time ' ex-Gov. Edwards was sent to the United States Senate, his colleague being Jesse B. Thomas. As Senator, Mr. Edwards took a conspicuous part, and acquitted himself lionorably in all the measures that came up in that body, being well posted, an able de- bater and a conscientious statesman. He thought seriously of resigning this situation in 1821, but was persuaded by his old friend, Wm. Wirt, and others to continue in office, which he did to the end of the term. He was then appointed Minister to Mexico by President Monroe. About this time, it appears that Mr. Edwards saw suspicious signs in the conduct of Wm. H. Crawford, Secretary of the United States Treasury, and an ambitious candidate for the Presi- dency, and being implicated by the latter in some of his statements, he resigned his Mexican mission in order fully to investigate the charges. The result was the exculpation of Mr. Edwards. Pro-slavery regulations, often termed "Black Laws," disgraced the statute books of both the Territory and the State of Illinois during tlie whole of his career in this commonwealth, and Mr. Edwards always main- tained the doctrines of freedom, and was an important actor in the great struggle which ended in a victory for his party in 1824. In 1826-7 the Winnebago and other Indians com- mitted some depredations in the northern part of the State, and the white setders, who desired the lands and wished to exasperate the savages into an evacu- ation of the country, magnified the misdemeanors of the aborigines and thereby produced a hostility be- tween the races so great as to precipitate a little war, known in history as the "Winnebago War." A few chases and skirmishes were had, when Gen. Atkinson succeeded in capturing Red Bird, the Indian chief, and putting him to death, thus ending the contest, at least until the troubles commenced which ended in the " Black Hawk War " of 1832. In the interpre- tation of treaties and execution of their provisions Gov. Edwards had much vexatious work to do. The Indians kept themselves generally within the juris- diction of Michigan Territory, and its Governor, Lewis Cass, was at a point so remote that ready cor- respondence with him was difficult or impossible. Gov. Edwards' administration, however, in regard to the protection of the Illinois frontier, seems to have been very efficient and satisfactory. For a considerable portion of his time after his re- moval to Illinois, Gov. Edwards resided upon his farm near Kaskaskia, which he had well stocked with horses, cattle and sheep from Kentucky, also with 1 • fruit-trees, grape-vines and shrubbery. He estab- lished saw and grist-mills, and engaged extensively in mercantile business, having no less than eight or ten stores in this State and Missouri. Notwithstanding the arduous duties of his office, he nearly always pur- chased the goods himself with which to supply the stores. Although not a regular practitioner of medi- cine, he studied the healing art to a considerable ex- tent, and took great pleasure in prescribing for, and taking care of, the sick, generally without charge. He was also liberal to the poor, several widows and ministers of the gospel becoming indebted to him even for their homes. He married Miss Elvira Lane, of Maryland, in 1803, and they became the affectionate parents of several children, one of whom, especially, is well known to the people of the " Prairie State," namely, Ninian Wirt Edwards, once the Superintendent of Public Instruction and still a resident of Springfield. Gov. Edwards resided at and in the vicinity of Kas- kaskia from 1809 to 1818; in Edwardsville (named after him) from that time to 1824; and from the lat- ter date at Belleville, St. Clair County, until his death, July 20, 1833, of Asiatic cliolera. Edwards County is als« named in his honor. CF THE i:!lVERSITy OF ILLIV- GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. -^^k^ 123 -> I * |:OHN REYNOLDS, Governor 183 1- 4. was born in Montgomery Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, Feb. 26, 1788. His father, Robert Reynolds and is mother, me Margaret Moore, were both natives of Ireland, from which country they emigrated to the United States in 1785, land- ing at Philadelphia. The senior Reynolds entertained an undying hostility to the British Govem- ment. When the subject of this sketch was about six months old, his parents emigrated with him to Tennessee, where many of their relatives had already located, at the base of the Gspper Ridge Mountain, about 14 miles northeast of the present city of Knoxville. There they were ex- posed to Indian depredations, and were much molest- ed by them. In 1794 they moved into the interior of the State. They were ixx)r, and brought up their children to habits of manual industr)'. In 1 800 the family removed to Kaskaskia, 111., with eight horses and two wagons, encountering many hardships on the way. Here young Reynolds passed the most of his childhood, while his character began to develop, the most prominent traits of which were ambition and energy. He also .idopted the princi|jle and practice of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors. In 1807 the family made another removal, •>^ — »-H- this time to the " Goshen Settlement," at the foot of the Mississippi bluffs three or four miles southwest of Edwardsville. On arriving at his 20th year, Mr. Reynolds, seeing that he must look about for his own livelihood and not yet having determined what calling to pursue, concluded first to attend college, and he accordingly went to such an institution of learning, near Knox- ville, Tenn., where he had relatives. Imagine his diffidence, when, after passing the first 20 years of his life without ever having seen a carpet, a papered wall or a Windsor chair, and never having lived in a shingle-roofed house, he suddenly ushered himself into the society of the wealtliy in the vicinity of Knoxville! He attended college nearly two years, going through the principal Latin authors; but it seems that he, like the rest of the world in modern tinies, had but very little use for his Latin in after life. He always failed, indeed, to exhibit any good degree of literary disciplme. He commenced the study of law in Knoxville, but a pulmonary trouble came on and compelled him to change his mode of life. Accordingly he returned home and re- cuperated, and in 1812 resumed his college and law studies at Knoxville. In the fall of 1812 he was admitted to the Bar at Kaskaskia. About this time he also learned the French language, wliich he practiced with pleasure in conversation with his family for many years. He regarded this language as being superior to all others for social intercourse. n^^i -^ -^4 ^ 124 JOHN REYNOLDS. From his services in the West, in the war of 181 2, he obtained the sobriquet of the " Old Ranger." He was Orderly Sergeant, then Judge Advocate. Mr. Reynolds opened his first law office in the winter and spring of 1814, inthe French village of Cahokia, then the capital of St. Clair County. In the fall of 18 18 he was elected an Associate Justice upon the Supreme Bench by the General Assembly. In 1825 he entered more earnestly than ever into the practice of law, and the very next year was elected a member of the Legislature, where he acted independently of all cliques and private inter- ests. In 1828 the Whigs and Democrats were for the first time distinctively organized as such in Illi- nois, and the usual party bitterness grew up and raged on all sides, while Mr. Reynolds preserved a judicial calmness and moderation. The real animus of the campaign was " Jackson " and " anti-Jackson," the former party carrying the State. In August, 1830, Mr. Reynolds was elected Gov- ernor, amid great excitement. Installed in office, he did all within his power to advance the cause of edu- cation, internal improvements, the Illinois & Mich- igan Canal, the harbor at Chicago, settling the coun- try, etc.; also reccmmended the winding up of the State Bank, as its affairs had become dangerously complicated. In his national politics, he was a moderate supporter of General Jackson. But the T most celebrated event of his gubernatorial admin- istration was the Black Hawk War, which occurred in 1832. He called out the militia and prosecuted .the contest with commendable diligence, appearing in person on the battle-grounds during the most critical periods. He was recognized by the President as Major-General, and authorized by him to make treaties with the Indians. By the assistance of the general Government the war was terminated without much bloodshed, but after many serious fights. This war, as well as everything else, was materially re- tarded by the occurrence of Asiatic cholera in the West. This was its first appearance here, and was the next event in prominence during Gov. Reynolds' term. South Carolina nullification coming up at this time, it was heartily condemned by both President Jackson and Gov. Reynolds, who took precisely the same grounds as the Unionists in the last war. On the termination of his gubernatorial term in 1834, Gov. Reynolds was elected a Member of Con- gress, still considering himself a backwoodsman, as he had scarcely been outside of the State since he became of age, and had spent nearly all his youthful days in the wildest region of the frontier. His first move in Congress was to adopt a resolution that in all elections made by the House for officers the votes should be given viva voce, each member in his place naming aloud the person for whom he votes. This created considerable heated discussion, but was es- sentially adopted, and remained the controlling prin- ciple for many years. The ex-Governor was scarcely absent from his seat a single day, during eight ses- sions of Congress, covering a period of seven years, and he never vacillated in a party vote; but he failed to get the Democratic party to foster his " National Road" scheme. He says, in " My Own Times " (a large autobiography he published), that it was only by rigid economy that he avoided insolvency while in Washington. During his sojourn in that city he was married, to a lady of the i)lace. In 1837, while out of Congress, and in company with a few others, he built the first railroad in the Mississippi Valley, namely, one about six miles long, leading from his coal mine in the Mississippi bluff to the bank of the river opposite St. Louis. Having not the means to purchase a locomotive, they operated it by horse-iX3wer. The next spring, however, the com- pany sold out, at great sacrifice. In 1S39 the ex-Governor was appointed one of the Canal Commissioners, and authorized to borrow money to prosecute the enterprise. Accord' ngly, he repaired to Philadelphia and succeeding in obtaining a million dollars, which, however, was only a fourth of what was wanted. The same year lie and his wife made at our of Europe. This year, also, Mr. Reynolds had the rather awkward little responsibility of introducing to President Van Buren the noted Mormon Prophet, Joseph Smith, as a " Latter-Day Saint!" In 1846 Gov. Reynolds was elected a member of the Legislature from St. Clair County, more particu- larly for the purpose of obtaining a feasible charter for a macadamized road from Belleville to St. Louis, a distance of nearly 14 miles. This was immediately built, and was the first road of the kind in the State. He was again elected to the Legislature in 1852, when he was chosen Speaker of the House. In i860, aged and infirm, he attended the National Democratic Convention at Charleston, S. C , as an anti-Douglas Delegate, where he received more attention from the Southern Delegates than any other member. He supported Breckenridge for the Presidency. After the October elections foreshadowed the success of Lincoln, he published an address urging the Demo- crats to rally to the support of Douglas. Immedi- ately preceding and during the late war, his corre- spondence evinced a clear sympathy for the .Southern secession, and about the first of March, 1861, he urged upon the Buchanan officials the seizure of the treasure and arms in the custom-house and arsenal at St. Louis. Mr. Reynolds was a rather talkative man, and apt in all the Western phrases and catch- words that ever gained currency, besides many cun- ning and odd ones of his own manufacture. He was married twice, but had no children. He died in Belleville, in May, 1865, just after the close of the war. 'Xl CF THE I "iVERSITY OF ILLI^"- j__ T » GOVERNORS OF TLLTNOIS. '27 ILLIAM LEE D. EWING, , - Governor of Illinois Nov. 3 J : '.o 17, 1834, was a native \M'L. 01 Kentucky, and probably fff of Scotch ancestry. He had a fine education, was a gentle- man of pwlished manners and „ ......^>_. i^,.iinient. In 1S30 John Rey- .^^^ nolds was elected Governor of the State, '^P^ and Zadok Casey Lieutenant Governor, r^B^ and for the principal events that followed, ''W ^"'^ ^^^ characteristics of the times, see l-^ sketch of Gov. Reynolds. The first we v,JV see in history concerning Mr. Ewing, in- y forms us that he was a Receiver of Public ..i^7,ieys at Vandalia soon after the organization of this State, and that the public moneys in his hands were deposited in various banks, as they are usually at the present day. In 1823 the State Bank was robbed, by which disaster .Mr. Ewing lost a thousand- dollar deposit. The subject of this sketch had a commission as Colonel in the Black Hawk War, and in emergencies he acted also as Major. In the summer of 1832, when it was rumored among the whites that Black Hawk and his men had encamped somewhere on Rock River, Gen. Henry was sent on a tour of reconnoisance, and with orders to drive the Indians from the State. After some opjwsition from his subordinate officers, Henry resolved to proceed up Rock River in search of the enemy. On the 19th of July, early in the morning, five baggage wagons, camp equipage and all heavy and cumbersome arti- cles were piled up and left, so that the army might make speedy and forced marches. For some miles the travel was exceedingly bad, crossing swamps and the worst thickets; but the large, fresh trail gave life and animation to the .\mericans. Gen. Dodge and Col. Ewing were both actmg as Majors, and comix)sed the " spy corps " or vanguard of the army. It is supposed the army marched nearly 50 miles this day, and the Indian trail they followed became fresher, and was strewed with much property'' and trinkets of the red-skin; that they had lost or thrown away to hasten their march. During the following night there was a terrific thunder-storm, and the soldiery, with all their appurtenances, were thor- oughly drenched. On approaching nearer the Indians the next day. Gen. Dodge and Major Ewing, each commanding a battalion of men, were placed in front to bring on the battle, but the savages were not overtaken this day Forced marches were continued until they reached. Wisconsin River, where a veritable battle ensued, resulting in the death of about 68 of Black Hawk's men. The next day they continued the chase, and as soon as he discovered the trail of the Indians leading toward the Mississippi, Maj, Ewing formed his battalion in order of battle and awaited the order of Gen. Henry. The latter soon appeared on the ground and ordered a charge, which directly resulted in chasing the red warriors across the great river. Maj. Ewing and his command proved particularly efficient in war, as it seems they were the chief actors in driving the main body of the Sacs and Fo.xes, in- eluding Black Hawk himself, across the Mississippi, while Gen. Atkinson, commander-in-chief of the ex- pedition, with a body of the army, was hunting for them in another direction. In the above affair Maj. Ewing is often referred to as a "General," which title he had derived from his connection with the militia. It was in the latter part of the same year (1832) that Lieutenant Governor Casey was elected to Con- gress and Gen. Ewing, who had been elected to the Senate, was chosen to preside over that body. At the August election of 1834, Gov. Reynolds was also elected to Congress, more than a year ahead of the time at which he could actually take liis seat, as was then the law. His predecessor, Charles Slade, had Just died of Asiatic cholera, soon after the elec- tion, and Gov. Reynolds was chosen to serve out his unexpired term. Accordingly he set out for Wash- ington in November of that year to take his seat in 'Congress, and Gen. Ewing, by virtue of his office as President of the Senate, became Governor of the 1 State of Illinois, his term covering only a period of 1^15 days, namely, from the 3d to the 17th days, in- clusive, of November. On the 17th the Legislature met, and Gov. Ewing transmitted to that body his i message, giving a statement of the condition of the affairs of the State at that time, and urging a contin- uance of the policy adopted by his predecessor ; and on the same day Governor elect Joseph Duncan was sworn into oflice, thus relieving Mr. Ewing from the responsible situation. This is the only time that such a juncture has happened in the history of Illi- nois. On the 29th of December, 1835, Gen. Ewing was elected a United States Senator to serve out the unexpired term of Elias Kent Kane, deceased. The latter gentleman was a very prominent figure in the early politics of Illinois, and a county in this State is named in his honor. The election of Gen. Ewing to the Senate was a protracted struggle. His competi- tors were James Semple, who afterwards held several important offices in this State, and Richard M. Young, afterward a United States Senator and a Supreme Judge and a man of vast influence. On the first ballot Mr. Semple had 25 votes, Young 19 and Ewing 18. On the eighth ballot Young was dropped ; the ninth and tenth stood a tie ; but on tiie 1 2th Ewing received 40, to Semple 37, and was accordingly declared elected. In 1837 Mr. Ewing received some votes for a continuance of his term in Congress, when Mr. Young, just referred to, was elected. In 1842 Mr. Ewing was elected State Audit-i-r on the ticket with Gov. Ford. Gen. Ewing was a gentleman of culture, a lawyer by profession, and was much in public life. In person he was above medium height and of heavy build, with auburn hair, blue eyes, large-sized head and short face. He was genial, social, friendly and affable, with fair talent, though of no high degree of originality. He died March 25, 1846. V LI3RARY CF THE L.;;VERSITY OF ILU^'' ^^l^^^-p^.^^-^^^^-^-^ — ^ a* GO VERNORS OF ILLINOIS. '3' ►gfs/OTTwx^a'it^, *cx---;:i:-s^-' OSEPH DUNCAN, Governor 1834-8, was born at Paris, Ky., Feb. 23, 1794. At the tender age of 19 years he en- listed in the war against Great Britain, and as a soldier he acquitted himself with credit. He s an Ensign under the daunt- I s Croghan at Lower Sandusky, 4 -' \ '1' ^ or Fort Stephenson. In Illinois l^'^Cn ''c first appeared in a public capa- *^4* city as Major-General of the Militia, (sk^ * position which his military fame M^ had procured him. Subseiiuently re^ he became a State Senator from J Jackson County, and is honorably mentioned for introducing the first bill providing for a free-school system. In 1826, when the redoubt- able John P. Cook, who had previously beaten such men as John McLean, Elias Kent Kane and ex- Gov, Bond, came up for the fourth time for Congress, Mr. Duncan was brought forward against him by his friends, greatly to the surprise of all the politicians. As yet he was but little known in the State. He was an original Jackson man at that time, being attached to his political fortune in admiration of the glory of his militaiy achievements. His chances of success against Cook were generally regarded as hopeless, but he entered upon the campaign undaunted. His speeches, though short and devoid of ornament, were full of good sense. He made a diligent canvass of the State, Mr. Cook being hindered by the condition of his health. The most that was expected of Mr. Duncan, under the circumstances, was that he would obtain a respectable vote, but without defeating Mr. Cook. The result of the campaign, however, was a source of surprise and amazement to both friends and foes, as Mr. Duncan came out 641 votes ahead! He received 6,32 r votes, and Mr. Cook 5,680. Un- til this denouement, the violence of party feeling smoldering in the breasts of the people on account of the defeat of Jackson, was not duly appreciated. Aside from the great convention struggle of 1824, no other than mere local and personal considerations had ever before controlled an election in Illinois. From the above date Mr. Duncan retained his seat in Congress until his election as Governor in .\ugust, 1834. The first and bloodless year of the Black Hawk War he was apix)inted by Gov. Rey- nolds to the position of Brigadier-General of the volunteers, and he conducted ills brigade to Rock Island. But he was absent from the State, in Wash- ington, during the gubernatorial campaign, and did not personally participate in it, but addressed circu- lars to his constituents. His election was, indeed, attributed to the circumstance of his absence, be- cause his estrangement from Jackson, formerly his ixjlitical idol, and also from the Democracy, largely in ascendency in the State, was complete; but while his defection was well known to his Whig friends, and even to the leading Jackson men of this State, the latter were unable to carry conviction of that fact to the masses, as mail and newspaper facilities at that day were far inferior to those of the present time. Of course the Governor was much abused afterward by the fossilized Jackson men who re- garded party lies and affiliations as above all other issues that could arise ; but he was doubtless t 132 JOSEF JI DUNCAN. sincere in his opposition to the old hero, as the latter had vetoed several important western measures which were dear to Mr. Duncan. In his inaugural message he threw off the mask and took a bold stand against the course of the President. The measures he recommended in his message, however, were so desirable that the Legislature, although by a large majority consisting of Jackson men, could not refrain from endorsing them. These measures related mainly to banks and internal improvements. It was while Mr. Duncan was Governor that the people of Illinois went whirling on with bank and in- ternal improvement schemes that well nigh bank- rupted the State. The hard times of 1837 came on, and the disasters that attended the inauguration of these plans and the operation of the banks were mu- tually charged upon the two political parties. Had any one man autocratic power to introduce and carry on any one of these measures, he would proba- bly have succeeded to the satisfaction of the public ; but as many jealous men had hold of the same plow handle, no success followed and each blamed the other for the failure. In this great vortex Gov. Duncan fWas carried along, suffering the like derogation of character with his fellow citizens. At the height of the excitement the Legislature "provided for" railroads from Galena to Cairo, Alton to Shawneetown, Alton to Mount Carmel, Alton to the eastern boundary of the State in the direction of Terre Haute, Quincy via Springfield to the Wabash, Bloomington to Pekin, and Peoria to Warsaw, — in all about 1,300 miles of road. It also provided for the improvement of the navigation of the Kaskaskia, Illinois, Great and Little Wabash and Rock Rivers ; also as a placebo, $200,000 in money were to be dis- tributed to the various counties wherein no improve- ments were ordered to be made as above. The estimate for the expenses for all these projects was placed at a little over $10,000,000, which was not more than half enough ! That would now be equal to saddling upon the State a debt of $225,000,000! It was sufficient to bankrupt the State several times over, even counting all the possible benefits. One of the most exciting events that ever occurred in this fair State was the murder of Elijah P. Love- joy in the fall of 1837, at Alton, during Mr. Duncan's term as Governor. Lovejoy was an " Abolitionist," editing the Observer at that place, and the pro- slavery slums there formed themselves into a mob, and after destroying successively three presses be- longing to Mr. Lovejoy, surrounded the warehouse where the fourth press was stored away, endeavoring to destroy it, and where Lovejoy and his friends were entrenching themselves, and shot and killed the brave reformer! About this time, also, the question of removing the State capital again came up, as the 20 years' limit for its existence at Vandalia was drawing to a close. There was, of course, considerable excitement over the ijiatter, the two main points competing for it be- ing Springfield and Peoria. The jealousy of the lat- ter place is not even yet, 45 years afterward, fully allayed. Gov. Duncan's term expired in 1838. In 1842 he was again proposed as a candidate for the Execu- tive chair, this time by the Whig party, against Adam W. Snyder, of St. Clair County, the nominee of the Democrats. Charles W. Hunter was a third candi- date for the same position. Mr. Snyder, however, died before the campaign had advanced very far, and his party substituted Thomas Ford, who was elected, receiving 46,9or votes, to 38,584 for Duncan, and 909 for Hunter. The cause of Democratic success »( at this time is mainly attributed to the temporary support of the Mormons which they enjoyed, and the want of any knowledge, on the part of the masses, that Mr. Ford was opposed to any given ix)licy en- tertained in the respective localities. Gov. Duncan was a man of rather limited educa- tion, but with naturally fine abilities he profited greatly by his various public services, and gathered a store of knowledge regarding public affairs which served him a ready purpose. He possessed a clear judgment, decision, confidence in himself and moral courage to carry out his convictions of right. In his deportment he was well adapted to gain the admira- tion of the people. His intercourse with them was both affable and dignified. His portrait at the Gov- ernor's mansion, from which the accompanying was made, represents him as having a swarthy complex- ion, high cheek bones, broad forehead, piercing black eyes and straight black hair. He was a liberal patron of the Illinois College at Jacksonville, a member of its Board of Trustees, and died, after a short illness, Jan. 15, 1844, a devoted member of the Presbyterian Church, leaving a wife but no children. Two children, born to them, had died in infancy. •J VERNORS OF ILLINOIS. ^>- »39 «^ ^ ssr^s«rs^ £S- -NiHOMAS FORD, Governor from 1S42 to 1S46, and au- thor of a very interesting histor)' of Illinois, was born at Uniontown. Pa., in the year 1 800. His mother, after the death of her first hus- band (Mr. Forquer), married Rob- ert Ford, who was killed in 1802, by the Indians in the mountains of Pennsylvania. She was conse- quently left in indigent circum- stances, with a large family, mostly girls. With a view to better her condition, she, in 1 804, removed to Missouri, where it had been cus- tomary by the Spanish Govern- ment to give land to actual settlers; but upon her arrival at St. Louis she found the country ceded to the United States, and the liberal policy toward set- tlers changed by the new ownership. After some sickness to herself and family, she finally removed to Illinois, and settled some three miles south of Water- loo, but the following year moved nearer the Missis- sippi bluffs. Here young Ford received his first -r^ schooling, under the instructions of a Mr. Humphrey, for which he had to walk three miles. His mother, though lacking a thorough education, was a woman of superior mental endowments, joined to energy and determination of ciiaracter. She inculcated in her children those high-toned principles which dis- tinguished her sons in public life. She exercised a rigid economy to provide her children an education ; but George Forquer, her oldest son (six years older than Thomas Ford), at an early age had to quit school to aid by his labor in the support of the family. He afterward became an eminent man in Illinois affairs, and but for his early death would probably have been elected to the United States Senate. Young Ford, with somewhat better op|X)rtunities, received a better education, tiiough limited to the curriculum of the common school of those pioneer times. His mind gave early promise of superior en- dowments, with an inclination for niathem.itics. His proficiency attracted the attention of Hon. Daniel P. Cook, who became his efficient patron and friend. The latter gentleman was an eminent Illinois states- man who, as a Member of Congress, obtained a grant of 300,000 acres of land to aid in comi)leting the Illinois & .Michigan Canal, and after whom the county of Cook was named. Through the advice of W^ v H ^ ■ 140 THOMAS FORD. I this gentleman, Mr. Ford turned his attention to the study of law; but Forquer, then merchandising, re- garding his education defective, sent him to Transyl- vania University, where, liowever, he reuiained but one term, owing to Forquer's failure in business. On his return he alternated his law reading with teach- ing school for support. In 1829 Gov. Edwards appointed him Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1831 he was re-appointed by Gov. Reynolds, and after that he was four times elected a Judge by the Legislature, without opposition, twice a Circuit Judge, once a Judge of Chicago, and as As- sociate Judge of the Supreme Court, when, in 1841, the latter tribunal was re-organized by the addition of five Judges, all Democrats. Ford was assigned to the Ninth Judicial Circuit, and while in this capacity he was holding Court in Ogle County he received a notice of his nomination by the Democratic Conven- tion for the office of Governor. He immediately re- signed his place and entered upon the canvass. In August, 1842, he was elected, and on the 8th of De- cember following he was inaugurated. All the offices which he had held were unsolicited by him. He received them upon the true Jefferson- ian principle, — Never to ask and never to refuse office. Both as a lawyer and as a Judge he stood deservedly high, but his cast of intellect fitted him rather for a writer ujwn law than a practicing advo- cate in the courts. In the latter capacity he was void of the moving power of eloquence, so necessary to success with juries. As a Judge his opinions were sound, lucid and able expositions of the law. In practice, he was a stranger to the tact, skill and in- sinuating address of the politician, but he saw through the arts of demagogues as well as any man. He was plain in his demeanor, so much so, indeed, tliat at one time after the expiration of his term of office, during a session of the Legislature, he was taken by a stranger to be a seeker for the position of door- keeper, and was waited upon at his hotel near mid- night by a knot of small office-seekers with the view of effecting a " combination ! " Mr. Ford had not the " brass " of the ordinary politician, nor that impetuosity wliich characterizes a political leader. He cared little for money, and hardly enough for a decent supix)rt. In person he was of small stature, slender, of dark complexion, with black hair, sharp features, deep-set eyes, a pointed, aquiline nose having a decided twist to one side, and a small mouth. The three most important events in Gov. Ford's administration were the establishment of the high financial credit of the State, the " Mormon War "and the Mexican War. In the first of these the Governor proved himself to be eminently wise. On coming into office he found the State badly paralyzed by the ruinous effects of the notorious " internal improvement " schemes of the preceding decade, with scarcely anything to show by way of "improvement." The enterprise that seemed to be getting ahead more than all the rest was the Illinois & Michigan Canal. As this promised to be the most important thoroughfare, feasible to the people, it was well under headway in its construction. Therefore the State policy was almost concentrated upon it, in order to rush it on to completion. The bonded indebtedness of the Stale was growing so large as to frighten the people, and they were about ready to entertain a proposition for repudiation. But the Governor had the foresight to recommend such measures as would maintain the public credit, for which every citizen to-day feels thankful. But perhaps the Governor is remembered more for his connection witli the Mormon troubles than for anything else; for it was during his term of office that the " Latter-Day Saints" became so strong at Nauvoo, built their temple there, increased their num- bers throughout the country, committed misdemean- ors, taught dangerous doctrines, suffered the loss of their leader, Jo Smith, by a violent death, were driven out of Nauvoo to the far West, etc. Having been a Judge for so many years previously, Mr. Ford of course was non-committal concerning Mormon affairs, and was tlierefore claimed by both parties and also accused by each of sympathizing too greatly with the other side. Mormonism claiming to be a system of religion, the Governor no doubt was " between two fires," and felt compelled to touch the matter ratlier " gingerly," and doubtless felt greatly relieved when that pestilential people left the State. Such compli- cated matters, especially when religion is mixed up with them, expose every person participating in them to criticism from all parties. The Mexican War was begun in the spring of 1845, and was continued into the gubernatorial term of Mr. Ford's successor. The Governor's connection with this war, however, was not conspicuous, as it was only administrative, commissioning officers, etc. Ford's " History of Illinois " is a very readable and entertaining work, of 450 small octavo pages, and is destined to increase in value with the lapse of time. It exhibits a natural flow of compact and forcible thought, never failing to convey the nicest sense. In tracing with his trenchant pen the devious operations of the professional politician, in which he is inimit- able, his account is open, perhaps, to the objection that all his contemporaries are treated as mere place- seekers, while many of them have since been judged by the people to be worthy statesmen. His writings seem slightly open to the criticism that they exhibit a little splenetic partiality against those of his con- temporaries who were prominent during his term of office as Governor. The death of Gov. Ford took place at Peoria, 111., Nov. 2, 1850. LI3RARY OF THE L.;.VE8SITY OF ILLIW: — ^^^-y^^^T^^^^^^-;^ I ■^ GO VERXORS OF ILLINOIS. M3 \ Augu^stas a Frenclt, I iS^^^^^ "\UGUSTUS C. FRENCH, Governor of Illinois from 1846 to 1852, was born in the town of Hill, in the State of New Hampshire, Aug. 2, -1808. He was a descendant in the fourth generation of Nathaniel French, who emigrated from England in 1687 and settled in Saybury, Mass. In early life young French lost his father, but continued to receive in- struction from an exemplary and Christian mother until he was 19 years old, when she also died, confiding to his care and trust four younger broth- ers and one sister. He discharged his trust with parental devotion. His education in early life was such mainly as a common school afforded. For a brief period he attended Dartmouth College, but from pecuniary causes and the care of his brothers and sister, he did not graduate. He subsequently read law, and was admitted to the Bar in 1831, and shortly afterward removed to Illinois, settling first at Albion, Edwards County, where he established him- self in the practice of law. The following year he removed to Paris, Edgar County. Here he attained eminence in his profession, and entered public life by representing that county in the Legislature. A strong attachment sprang up between him and Ste- phen A. Douglas. In 1839, Mr. French was appointed Receiver of the United States Land Office at Palestine, Craw- ford County, at which place he was a resident when -^ elevated to the gubernatoiial chair. In 1S44 he was a Presidential Elector, and as such he voted for James K. Polk. The Democratic State Convention of 1846, meet- ing at Springfield Feb. 10, nominated Mr. French for Governor. Other Democratic candidates were Lyman Trumbull, John Calhoun (subsequently of Lecompton Constitution notoriety), Walter B. Scales, Richard NL Young and A. W. Cavarly, — an array of very able and prominent names. Trumbull was per- haps defeated in the Convention by the lumor that he was opposed to the Illinois and Michigan Canal, as he had been a year previously. For Lieutenant Governor J. B. Wells was chosen, while other candi- dates were Lewis Ross, Wm. McMurlry, Newton Cloud, J. B. Hamilton and W. W. Thompson. The resolutions declared strongly against the resuscita- tion of the old State Banks. The Whigs, who were in a hopeless minority, held their convention June 8, at Peoria, and selected Thomas NL Kilpatrick, of Scott County, for Governor, and Gen. Nathaniel G. Wilco.x, of Schuyler, for Lieutenant Governor. In the campaign the latter exposed .Mr. French's record and connection with the passage of the in- ternal improvement system, urging it against his election; but in the meantime the war with Mexico broke out, regarding which the Whig record was un- popular in this State. The war was the absorbing and dominating question of the period, sweeping every other political issue in its course. The elec- tion in .\ugust gave Mr. French 58,700 votes, and Kilpatrick only 36,775. Richard Eells, Abolitionist candidate for the same office, received 5,152 votes. -^ -*4--*- ^ 144 AUGUSTUS C. FRENCH. ^ 4^ By the new Constitution of 184S, a new election for State officers was ordered in November of that year, before Gov. French's terra was half out, and he was re-elected for the term of four years. He was there- fore the incumbent for six consecutive years, the only Governor of this State who has ever served in that capacity so long at one time. As there was no organized opposition to his election, he received 67,- 453 votes, to 5,639 for Pierre Menard (son of the first Lieutenant Governor), 4,748 for Charles V. Dyer, 3,834 for W. L. D. Morrison, and 1,361 for James L. D. Morrison. But Wra. McMurtry, of Knox County, was elected Lieutenant Governor, in place of Joseph B. Wells, who was before elected and did not run again. Governor French was inaugurated into office dur- ing the progress of the Mexican War, which closed during the summer of 1847, although the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was not made until Feb. 2, 1848. The policy of Gov. French's party was com- mitted to that war, but in connection with that affair he was, of course, only an administrative officer. During his term of office, Feb. 19, 1S47, the_ Legisla- ture, by special permission of Congress, declaVea thUt all Government lands sold to settlers should be im- mediately subject to State taxation; before this they were exempt for five years after sale. By this ar- rangement the revenue was materially increased. .\bout the same rime, the distriburion of Government land warrants among the Mexican soldiers as bounty threw upon the market a great quantity of good lands, and this enhanced the settlement of the State. The same Legislature authorized, with the recom- mendation of the Governor, the sale of the Northern Cross Railroad (from Springfield to Meredosia, the first in the State and now a section of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific) It sold for $100,000 in bonds, although it had cost the State not less than a million. The salt wells and canal lands in the Saline reserve in Gallatin County, granted by the general Govern- ment to the State, were also authorized by the Governor to be sold, to apply on the State debt. In 1850, for the first time since 1839, the accruing State revenue, exclusive of specific appropriations, was sufficient to meet the current demands upon the treasur)-. The aggregate taxable property of the State at this time was over $100,000,000, and the population 851,470. : ' 'X In 1849 the Legislature adopted the township or- ganization law, which, however, proved defective, and was properly amended in 185 1. At its session in the latter year, the General Assembly also passed a law to exempt homesteads from sale on executions. This beneficent measure had been repeatedly urged upon that body by Gov. French. In 1850 some business men in St. Louis com- menced to build a dike opjxjsite the lower part of their city on the Illinois side, to keep the Mississippi in its channel near St. Louis, instead of breaking away from them as it sometimes threatened to do. This they undertook without permission from the Legislature or Executive authority of this State ; and as many of the inhabitants there complained that the scheme would inundate and ruin much valuable land, there was a slight conflict of jurisdictions, re- sulting in favor of the St. Louis project ; and since then a good site has existed there for a city (East St. Louis), and now a score of railroads center there. It was in September, 1850, that Congress granted ftft-^s State nearly 3,000,000 acres of land in aid of the completion of the Illinois Central Railroad, which dottstiluted the most important epoch in the** railroad — we might say internal improvement — his- tory of the State. The road was rushed on to com- pletion, which accelerated the settlement of the in- < terior of the State by a good class of industrious citi- zens, and by the charter a good income to the State Treasury is paid in from the earnings of the road. In 185 r the Legislature passed a law authorizing free stock banks, which was the source of much leg- islative discussion for a number of years. But we have not space further to particularize concerning legislaUon. Gov. French's administra- tion was not marked by any feature to be criticised, while the countrj' was settling up as never before. In stature. Gov. French was of medium height, squarely built, light complexioned, wth ruddy face and pleasant countenance. In manners he was plain and agreeable. By nature he was somewhat diffident, but he was often very outspoken in his con- victions of duty. In public speech he was not an orator, but was chaste, earnest and persuasive. In business he was accurate and methodical, and in his administration he kept up the credit of the State. He died in 1S65, at his home in Lebanon, St Clair Co., 111. tl6fi,\RY OF THE UNtVERSITY OF IUi»l01S ^^ ,y^^^i^.c?c.^Z^SZ^^^ ■ Y^ . ' GO VERNORS OF ILLINOIS. ■47 f %\i^t\ Z\> iWwWtsmi. *()LI> A. MATTESON, Governor l^«« 1 85 3-6, was born Aug. 8, 1808, in Jefferson County, New York, to which place his father had re- moved from Vermont three years i.fore. His father was a farmer \n fair circumstances, but a com- mon English education was all that his only son received. Young Joel first tempted fortune as a small tradesman in Prescott, Canada, before he was of age. He returned from that place to his home, entered an academy, taugiit school, visited the prin- cii)al Eastern cities, improved a farm his father had given him, m.ule a tour in tlie South, worked there in building railroads, experienced a storm on the Gulf of Mexico, visited the gold diggings of Northern Georgia, and returned via Nashville to St. Louis and through Illinois to his father's home, when he mar- ried. In 1833, having sold his farm, he removed, ivith his wife and one child, to Illinois, and entered a claim on Government land near the head of Au Sable River, in what is now Kendall County. At that time there were not more than two neighbors within a range of ten miles of his place, and only three or four houses between him and Cliicago. He opened a large farm. His family was boarded 12 miles away while he erected a house on his claim, sleeping, during this time, under a rude pole shed. Here his life was once placed in imminent peril by a huge prairie rattlesnake sharing his bed. In 1835 he bought largely at the Government land sales. During the speculative real-estate mania which broke out in Chicago in 1836 and spread over the State, he sold his lands under the inflation of that period and removed to Joliet. In 1838 he became a heavy contractor on the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Upon the completion of his jolj in 1841, when hard times prevailed, business at a stand, contracts paid in State scrip; when all the public works except the canal were abandoned, the State offered for sale 700 tons of railroad iron, which was purchased by Mr. Mat- teson at a bargain. This he accepted, shipped and sold at Detroit, realizing a very handsome profit, enough to pay off all his canal debts and leave him a surplus of several thousand dollars. His enterprise next prompted him to start a woolen mill at Joliet, in which he prospered, and which, after successive enlargements, became an enormous establishment. In 1842 lie was first elected a State Senator, but, by a bungling apportionment, John Pearson, a Senator holding over, wa-; found to be in tlie same district, and decided to be entitled to represent it. Mat- teson's seat was declared vacant. Pearson, however, with a nobleness difficult to appreciate in tliis day of I JOEL A. MATTESON. < wai greed for office, unwilling to represent his district under the circumstances, immediately resigned his unexpired term of two years. A bill was passed in a few hours ordering a new election, and in ten days' time Mr. Matteson was returned re-elected and took his seat as Senator. From his well-known capacity as a business man, he was made Chairman of the Committee on Finance, a position he held during this half and two full succeeding Senatorial terms, discharging its im[X)rtant duties with ability and faith- fulness. Besides his extensive woolen-mill interest, when work was resumed on the canal under the new loan of $[,600,000 he again became a heavy con- tractor, and also subsequently operated largely in building railroads. Thus lie showed himself a most energetic and thorough business man. He was nominated for Governor by the Demo- cratic State Convention which met at Springfield April 20, 1852. Other candidates before the Con- vention were D. L. Gregg and F. C. Sherman, of Cook ; John Dement, of Lee ; Thomas L. Harris, of Menard; Lewis W. Ross, of Fulton; and D. P. Bush, of Pike. Gustavus Koerner, of St. Clair, was nom- inated for Lieutenant Governor. For the same Qjifice^ 4 1 1 the Whigs nominated Edwin B. Webb and De.xter A. Knowlton. Mr. Matteson received 80,645 votes at the election, while Mr. Webb received 64,408. Mat- teson 's forte was not on the stump; he had not cul- tivated the art of oily flattery, or the faculty of being all things to all men. His intellectual qualities took rather the direction of efficient executive ability. His turn consisted not so much in the adroit manage- ment of party, or the powerful advocacy of great gov- ernmental principles, as in those more solid and enduring operations which cause the physical devel- opment and advancement of a State, — of commerce and business enterprise, into which he labored with success to lead the people. As a politician he was just and liberal in his views, and both in official and private life he then stood untainted and free from blemish. As a man, in active benevolence, social I'irtues and all the amiable qualities of neighbor or citizen, he had few superiors. His messages present a perspicuous array of facts as to the condition of the State, and are often couched in forcible and elegant diction. The greatest e.xcitement during his term of office was the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, by Con- gress, under the leadership of Stephen A. Douglas in 1854, when the bill was passed organizing the Terri- tory of Kansas and Nebraska. A large portion of the Whig party of the North, through their bitter oj)- position to tire Democratic party, naturally drifted into the doctrine of anti-slavery, and thus led to what was temporarily called the "Anti-Nebraska" party, while the followers of Douglas were known as " Ne- braska or Douglas Democrats." It was during this embryo stage of the Republican party that Abraham Lincoln was brought forward as the "Anti-Nebraska " candidate for the United States Senatorship, while Gen. James Shields, the incumbent, was re-nom- inated by the Democrats. But after a few ballotings in the Legislature (1855), these mer> were dropped, and Lyman Trumbull, an Anti-Nebraska Democrat, was brought up by the former, and Mr. Matteson, then Governor, by the latter. On the nth ballot Mr. Trumbull obtained one majority, and was ac- cordingly declared elected. Before Gov. Matteson 's term expired, the Republicans were fully organized as a national party, and in 1856 put into the field a Ml" Viatfonal and State ticket, carrying the State, but , ito;!;- the nation. The Legislature of 1855 passed two very import- ant measures, — the present free-school system and a submission of the Maine liquor law to a vote of the people. The latter was defeated by a small majority of the popular vote. During the four years of Gov. Maiteson's admin- istration the taxable wealth of tlie State was about trebled, from $137,818,079 to $349,951,272; the pub- lic debt was reduced from $17,398,985 to $12,843,- 144; taxation was at the same time reduced, and the State resumed paying interest on its debt in New York as fast as it fell due ; railroads were increased in their mileage from something less than 400 to about 3,000 ; and the population of Chicago was nearly doubled, and its commerce more than quad- rupled. Before closing this account, we regret that we liave to say that Mr. Matteson, in all other respects an upright man and a good Governor, was implicated in a false re-issue of redeemed canal scrip, amount- ing to $224,182.66. By a suit in the Sangamon Cir- cuit Court the State recovered the principal and all the interest excepting $27,500. He died in the winter of 1872-3, at Chicago. t LIBRARY Of THE UNIVtRSITY OF ILU»0IS I 1 rH- GOrERAORS Op ILLINOIS. «S« K. ©isstll. I'^'^'^t^'^Si'^.t ■ I :'>":, '>a.'i :'>■•;'■ vt^ — >.T>t-fi;^ His parents were obscure, - honest, God-fearing people, \ Iio reared their children under the daily example of industry and frugality, accord- ing to the custom of that class of Eastern society. Mr. Bissell received a respecta- ble but not thorough academical education. By assiduous application he acquired a knowledge of medicine, and in his early manhood came West and located in Mon- roe County, this State, where he engaged in the practice of that profession. But he was not enam- ored of his calling: he was swayed by a broader ambition, to such an extent that the mysteries of the liealing art and its arduous duties failed to yield hiui further any charms. In a few years he discovered his choice of a profession to be a mistake, and when he approached the age of 30 he sought to begin anew. Dr. Bissell, no doubt unexpectedly to him- self, discovered a singular facility and charm of speech, the exercise of which acquired for him a ready local notoriety. It soon came to be under- stood that he desired to abandon his profession and take up that of the law. During terms of Court he would spend his time at the county seat among the ' members of the Bar, who extended to him a ready welcome. It was not strange, therefore, that he should drift into public life. In 1840 he was elected as a Dem- ocrat to the Legislature from Monroe County, and was an efficient member of that body. On his re- turn home he qualified himself for admission to the 15ar and speedily rose to the front rank as an advo- cate. His powers of oratory were ca|)tivating. With a pure diction, charming and inimitable gestures, clearness of statement, and a remarkable vein of sly humor, his efforts before a jury told with irresistible effect. He was chosen by tlie Legislature Prosecut- ing Attorney for the Circuit in which he lived, and in that [wsition he fully discharged his duty to the .State, gained the esteem of the Bar, and seldom failed to convict the offender of the law. In stature he was somewhat tall and slender, and with a straight, military bearing, he presented a dis- tinguished appearance. His complexion was dark, liis head well [wised, though not large, his address pleasant and manner winning. He was exemplary in his habits, a devoted husband and kind parent. He was twice married, the first time to Miss James, ^^ ■c T » 152 — . ^r;==r- WILLIAM H. BISSELL. of Monroe County, by whom he had two children, both daughters. She died soon after the year 1840, and Mr. B. married for his second wife a daughter of Elias K. Kane, previously a United States Senator from this State. She survived him but a short time, and died without issue. When the war with Mexico was declared in 1846, Mr. Bissell enlisted and was elected Colonel of his regiment, over Hon. Don Morrison, by an almost unanimous vote, — 807 to 6. Considering the limited opportunities he had had, he evinced a high order of military talent. On the bloody field of Buena Vista he acquitted himself with intrepid and distinguished ability, contributing with his regiment, the Second Illinois, in no small degree toward saving the waver- ing fortunes of our arras during that long and fiercely contested battle. After his return home, at the close of the war, lie was elected to Congress, his opponents being the Hons. P. B. Fouke and Joseph Gillespie. He served two terms in Congress. He was an ardent politician. During the great contest of 1850 he voted in favor , of the adjustment measures ; but in 1854 he opposed^ the repeal of the Missouri Compromise act '■Sh'Q'" therefore the Kansas-Nebraska bill of Douglas, and thus became identified with the nascent Republican party. During his first Congressional term, while the Southern members were following their old practice of intimidating the North by bullying language, and claiming most of the credit for victories in the Mexican War, and Jefferson Davis claiming for the Mississippi troops all the credit for success at Buena Vista, Mr. Bissell bravely defended the Northern troops ; whereupon Davis challenged Bissell to a duel, which was accepted. This matter was brought up against Bissell when he was candidate for Governor and during his term of office, as the Constitution of this State forbade any duelist from holding a State office. In 1856, when the Republican party first put forth a candidate, John C. Fremont, for President of the United States, the same party nominated Mr. Bissell for Governor of Illinois, and John Wood, of Quincy, for Lieutenant Governor, while the Democrats nomi- nated Hon. W. A. Richardson, of .\dams County, for Governor, and Col. R. J. Hamilton, of Cook County, for Lieutenant Governor. The result of the election was a plurality of 4,729 votes over Richard- son. The American, or Know-Nothing, party had a ticket in the field. The Legislature was nearly bal- anced, but was politically opposed to the Governor. His message to the Legislature was short and rather ordinary, and was criticised for e.xpressing the sup- posed obligations of the people to the incorporators of the Illinois Central Railroad Company and for re- opening the slavery question by allusions to the Kansas troubles. Late in the session an apportion- ment bill, based upon the State census of 1855, was passed, amid much partisan strife. The Governor at first signed the bill and then vetoed it. A furious debate followed, and the question whether the Gov- ernor had the authority to recall a signature was referred to the Courts, that of last resort deciding in favor of the Governor. Two years afterward another outrageous attempt was made for a re-apportionment and to gerrymander the State, but the Legislature failed to pass the bill over the veto of the Governor. It was during Gov. Bissell's administration that thB'.lieiWtjous canal scrip fraud was brought to light, •niplicating ex-Gov. Matteson and other prominent ■Stafe 0fifiqi5fe*j':'§he principal and interest, aggregat- ' * ing $255,500, was all recovered by the State except- ing $27,500. (See sketch of Gov. Matteson.) In 1859 an attempt was discovered to fraudu- lently refund the Macalister and Stebbins bonds and thus rob the State Treasury of nearly a quarter of a million dollars. The State Government was impli- cated in this affair,, and to this day remains unex- plained or unatoned for. For the above, and other matters previously mentioned, Gov. Bissell has been severely criticised, and he has also been most shame- fully libelled and slandered. On account of exposure in the army, the remote cause of a nervous form of disease gained entrance into his system and eventually developed paraplegia, affecting his lower extremities, which, while it left his body in comparative health, deprived him of loco- motion except by the aid of crutches. While he was generally hopeful of ultimate recovery, this myste- rious disease pursued him, without once relaxing its stealthy hold, to the close of his life, March 18, i860, over nine months before the expiration of his gubernatorial term, at the early age of 48 years. He died in the faith of the Roman Catholic Church, of which he harl been a member since 1854. *y riAr: OBRAHY OF THE UHWEBStTY Of JU^^^'S 'nm GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. Jr* '55 folm 1 :-e-f ■^^-s -J— ^;< )HN WOOD, Governoi- 1 860-1, and tfe*« the first settler of Quincy, 111., ^' was born in the town of Sempro- nius (now Moravia), Cayuga Co., N. Y., Dec. 20, 1798. He was the second child and only son of Dr. Daniel Wood. His mother, nee Catherine Craiise, was of German parentage, and died while he was an infant. Dr. Wood was a learned and skillful physician, of classical attain- ments and proficient in several modern lai.guages, who, after serving throughout the Revolu- tionary War as a Surgeon, settled on the land granted him by the Government, and resided there a re- spected and leading influence in his section until his death, at the ripe age of 92 years. The subject of this sketch, impelled by the spirit of Western adventure then pervading everywhere, left his home, Nov. 2, 18 18, and passed the succeed- ing winter in Cincinnati, Ohio. The following sum- merlie pushed on to Illinois, landing at Shawneetown, and spent the fall and following winter in Calhoun County. In 1820, in company with Willard Keyes, he settled in Pike County, about 30 miles southeast of Quincy, where for the next two years he pursued farming. In 1821 he visited "the Bluffs" (as the present site of Quincy was called, then uninhabited) and, pleased with its prospects, soon after purchased a quarter-section of land near by, and in the follow- ing fall (1822) erected near the river a small cabin. 18 X 20 feet, the first building in Quincy, of which he then became the first and for some months the only occupant. About this time he visited his old friends in Pike County, chief of whom was William Ross, the lead- ing man in building up the village of Atlas, of that' county, which was thought then to be the jwssible commencement of a city. One day they and others were traveling together over the country between the' ^ two points named, making observations on the com- parative merits of the respective localities. On ap- proaching the Mississi|)pi near Mr. Wood's place, the latter told his companions to follow him and he would sliow them where he was going to build a city. They went about a mile off the main trail, to a high ix)int, from which the yiew in every direction was most magnificent, as it had been for ages and as yet untouched by the hand of man. Before them swept by the majestic Father of Waters, yet imburdened by navigation. After Mr. Wood had expatiated at length on the advantages of tlie situation, Mr. Ross replied, " But it's too near Atlas ever to amount to anything!" Atlas is still a cultivated farm, and (Juincy is a city of over 30,000 (wpulation. In 1824 Mr. Wood gave a newspaper notice, as the law then prescribed, of his intention to apply to the General .\ssembly for the formation of a new county. This was done the following winter, result- ing in the establishment of the present Adams County. During the next summer Quincy was se- lected as the county seat, it and the vicinity then containing but four adult male residents and half ■ r 9^-L 150 JOHN WOOD. that number of females. Sinoe that period Mr. Wood resided at the place of his early adoption un- til his death, and far more than any other man was he identified with every measure of its progress and history, and almost continuously kept in public posi- tions. He was one of the early town Trustees, and after the place became a city he was often a member of the City Council, many times elected Mayor, in the face of a constant large opposition political majority. In 1850 he was elected to the State Senate. In 1856, on the organization of the Republican party, he was chosen Lieutenant Governor of the State, on the ticket with Wm. H. Bissell for Governor, and on the death of the latter, March 18, i860, he succeeded to the Chief Executive chair, which he occupied until Gov. Yates was inaugurated nearly ten months after- ward. Nothing very marked characterized the adminis- tration of Gov. Wood. The great anti-slavery cam- paign of i860, resulting in the election of the honest Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the Presidency of ^fie United States, occurred during the short. .Bfripd while Mr. Wood was Governor, and th^'excil?eme"nt and issues of that struggle dominated over ever)- other consideration, — indeed, supplanted them in a great measure. The people of Illinois, during all that time, were passing the comparatively petty strifes under Bissell's administration to the overwhelming issue of preserving the whole nation from destruction. In 1 86 1 ex-Gov. Wood was one of the five Dele- gates from Illinois to the " Peace Convention " at Washington, and in April of the same year, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he was appointed Quartermaster-General of the State, which position he held throughout the war. In 1864 he took com- mand as Colonel of the 137th 111. Vol. Inf, with whom he served until the period of enlistment ex- pired. Politically, Gov. Wood was always actively identi- fied with the Whig and Republican parties. Few men have in personal experience comprehended so many surprising and advancing local changes as vested in the more than half century recollections of Gov. Wood. Sixty-four years ago a solitary settler on the "Bluffs," with no family, and no neighbor within a score of miles, the world of civilization away behind him, and the strolling red-man almost his only visitant, he lived to see growing around him, and under his auspices and aid, overspreading the Svild hills and scraggy forest a teaming city, second only in size in the State, and surpassed nowhere in beauty, prosperity and promise ; whose people recog- nize as with a single voice tlie proverbial honor and liberality that attach to the name and lengthened ,l.ife of their pioneer settler, "the old Governor." Gov. Wood was twice married, — first in January, i^^yto Ann M. Streeter, daughter of Joshua Streeter, formerly of Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. They had eight children. Mrs. W. died Oct. 8, 1863, and in June, 1865, Gov. Wood married Mrs. Mary A., widow of Rev. Joseph T. Holmes. Gov. Wood died June 4, 1880, at his residence in Quincy. Four of his eight children are now living, namely: Ann E., wife of Gen. John Tillson; Daniel C, who married Mary J. Abemethy; John, Jr., who married Josephine Skinner, and Joshua S., who married Annie Bradley. The last mentioned now resides at Atchison, Kansas, and all the rest are still at Quincy. ... c^v Ate — Aj LIBRARY OF THE •UWVERSITY OF JUlxniS ■ y. . .. GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. -H- »S9 I^icl\ar(l y at es. T.^yt..u<.-\iarty had also full tickets in the field. After a most fear- ful campaign, the result of the election gave Mr. Yates 172,196 votes, and Mr. Allen 159,253. Mr. Yates received over a thousand more votes than did Mr. Lincoln himself. Gov. Yates occupied the chair of Stale during the ^ -H: 1 60 RICHARD YATES. most critical period of our country's history. In the fate of the nation was involved that of each State. The life struggle of the former derived its sustenance from the loyalty of the latter; and Gov. Yates seemed to realize the situation, and proved himself both loyal and wise in upholding the Government. He had a deep hold upon the affections of the people, won by his moving eloquence and genial manners. Erect and symmetrical in person, of pre- possessing appearance, with a winning address and a magnetic power, few men possessed more of the ele- ments of iKipularity. His oratory was scholarly and captivating, his hearers hardly knowing why they were transjwrted. He was social and convivial. In the latter respect he was ultimately carried too far. The very creditable military efforts of this State during the War of the Rebellion, in putting into the field the enormous number of about 200,000 soldiers, were ever promptly and ably seconded by his excel- . lency ; and the was ambitious to deserve the title of "the soldier's friend." Immediately after the battle of Shiloh he repaired to the field of carnage to Ipqlju Rafter the wounded, and his appeals for aid were promptly responded to by the people. His procla- mations calling for volunteers were impassionate , appeals, urging upon the people the duties and re- quirements of patriotism; and his special message in 1863 to the Democratic Legislature of this State pleading for material aid for the sick and wounded soldiers of Illinois regiments, breathes a deep fervor of noble sentiment and feeling rarely equaled in beauty or felicity of expression. Generally his mes- sages on ix)litical and civil affairs were able and com- prehensive. During his administration, however, there were no civil events of an engrossing cliaracter, although two years of his time were replete wiih partisan quarrels of great bitterness. Military ar- rests, Knights of the Golden Circle, riot in Fulton County, attempted suppression of the Chicago Times and the usurjnng State Constitutional Convention of 1862, were the chief local topics that were exciting during the Governor's term. This Convention assem- bled Jan. 7, and at once took the high position that the law calling it was no longer binding, and that it had supreme power; that it represented a virtual assemblage of the whole people of the State, and was sovereign in the exercise of all power necessary to effect a peaceable revolution of the State Government and to the re-establishment of one for the " happiness, prosperity and freedom of the citizens," limited only by the Federal ConstituUoh. Notwithstanding the law calling the Convention required its members to take an oath to support the Constitution of the State as well as that of the general Government, they utterly refused to take such oath. They also as- sumed legislative powers and passed several irajMrt- ant "laws!" Interfering with the (then) present executive duties. Gov. Yates was provoked to tell them plainly that " he did not acknowledge the right of the Convention to instruct him in the performance of his duty." In 1863 the Governor astonished the Democrats by " proroguing " their Legislature. This body, after a recess, met June 2, that year, and soon began to waste time upon various partisan resolutions ; and, while the two houses were disagreeing upon the question of adjourning si>ie die, the Governor, having tire authority in such cases, surprised them all by adjourning them " to the Saturday next preceding the first Monday ^n January, 1S65 ! " This led to great excitement and confusion, and to a reference of the Governor's act to the Supreme Court, who decided in his favor. Then it was the Court's turn to receive abuse for weeks and months afterward. During the autumn of 1864 a conspiracy was de- tected at Chicago which had for its object the liber- ation of the prisoners of war at Camp Douglas, the burning of the city and the inauguration of rebellion in the North. Gen. Sweet, who had charge of the camp at the time, first had his suspicions of danger aroused by a number of enigmatically worded letters which passed through the Camp postoflice. A de- tective afterward discovered that the rebel Gen. Marmaduke was in the city, under an assumed name, and he; with other rebel officers — Grenfell, Morgan, Cantrell, Buckner Morris, and Charles Walsh — was arrested, most of whom were convicted by a court-martial at Cincinnati and sentenced to imprisonment, — Grenfell to be hung. The sentence of the latter was afterward commuted to imprison- ment for life, and all the others, after nine months' imprisonment, were pardoned. In March, 1873, Gov. Yates was appointed a Gov- ernment Director of the Union Pacific Railroad, in which office he continued until his decease, at St. Louis, Mo., on the 27th of November following. 4-^ ^ LtBRARY OF THE UNIVEBSJTY OF JLUNOIS r V -.-^ =t* GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. '63 % Miehard J. Oqleshy. =-e-i- ■HARD J. OGLESBY, Gov- -raor 1S65-S, and re-elected in 1872 and 1884, was born July 25, 1824, in Oldham Co., Ky., — the State which might be considered the " mother of Illinois G<)vemors." Bereft of ^ his parents at the tender age 'if eight years, his early education was neglected. When 12 years of age, and after he had worked a year and a half at the carpenter's trade, he removed with an uncle, Willis Oglesby, into whose care he had been committed, to Decatur, this ^y State, where he continued his ap- prenticeship as a mechanic, working six months for Hon. E. O. Smith. In 1844 he commenced studying law at Spring- field, with Judge Silas Robbins, and read with him one year. He was admitted to the Bar in 1845, and commenced the practice of his chosen profession at Sullivan, the county seat of Moultrie County. The next year the war with Mexico was com- menced, and in June, 1S46, Mr. Oglesby volunteered, was elected First Lieutenant of Co. C, Fourth Illinois Regiment of Volunteers, and participated in the bat- tles of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo. On his return he sought to perfect his law studies by attending a course of lectures at Louisville, but on the breaking out of the California "gold fever " in 1849, he crossed the plains and mountains to the new Eldorado, driving a six-raule team, with a com- pany of eiglu men, Henry Pralher being the leader. In 1 85 2 he returned home to Macon County, and was placed that year by the Whig party on the ticket of Presidential Electors. In 1856 he visited Europe, .\sia and Africa, being absent 20 months. On his return home he resumed the practice of law, as a member of the fir;ii of Gallagher, Wait & Oglesby. In 185S he was the Republican no .linee fjr the Lower House of Congress, but was defeated by the Hon. James C. Robinson, Democrat. In i860 he was elected to the Illinois State Senate ; and on the evening the returns of this election were coming in, Mr. Oglesby had a fisticuff encounter with " Cerro Gordo Williams," in which he came out victorious, and which was regarded as " the first fight of the Rebellion." The following spring, when the war had commenced in earnest, his ardent nature quickly responded to the demands of patriotism and he enlisted. The extra session of the Legislature elected him Colonel of the Eighth Illinois Infantry, the second one in the State raised to suppress the great Rebellion. He WJ.S shortly eiitrusted with important com- mands. For a time he was stationed at Bird's Point and Cairo; in .April he was promoted Brigadier Gen- eral; at Fort Donehon his brigade was in the van, being stationed on the right of General Grant's array and the first brigade to be attacked. He lost 500 men before re-inforcements arrived. Many of these men were from Macon County. He was engaged in the battle of Corinth, and, in a brave charge at this place, was shot in the left lung with an ounce ball, and was carried from the field in expectation of im- ^ HH 164 ■ Y". . RICHARD J. OGLESB Y. mediate death. That rebel ball he carries to this day. On his partial recovery he was promoted as Major General, for gillantry, his commission to rank from November, 1862. In the spring of 1863 he was assigned to the command of the i6th Army Corps, but, owing to inability from the effects of his wound, he relinquished this command in July, that year. Gen. Grant, however, refused to accept his resignation,' and he was detailed, in December follow- ing, to court-martial and try the Surgeon General of the Army at Washington, where he remanied until May, 1864, when he returned home. The Republican, or U lion, State Convention of 1864 was held at Springfield, May 25, when Mr. Oglesby was nominated for the office of Governor, while other candidates before the Convention were Allen C. Fuller, of Boone, Jesse K. Dubois, of Sanga- mon, and John M. Palmer, of Macoupin. VVm. Bross, of Chicago, was nominated for Lieutenant Governor. On the Democratic State ticket were James C. Robinson, of Clark, for Governor, and S. Corning Judd, of Fulton, for Lieutenant Governor. The general election gave Gen. Oglesby a majority of about 31,000 votes. The Republicans had also a majority in both the Legislature and in the repre- sentation in Congress. Gov. Oglesby was duly inaugurated Jan. 17, 1865. *" The day before the first time set for his installation- I death visited his hoaie at Decatur, and took from it his only son, an intelligent and sprightly lad. of six j years, a great favorite of the bereaved parents. 'This' caused the inauguration to be postponed a week. The political events of the Legislative session of 1865 were the election of ex-Gov. Yates to the United States Senate, and the ratification of the 13th amendment to the Constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery. This session also signalized itself by repealing the notorious " black laws," part of which, although a dead letter, had held their place upon the statute books since 1819. Also, laws re- quiring the registration of voters, and establishing a State Board of Equalization, were passed by this Leg- islature. But the same body evinced that it was cor- ruptly influenced by a mercenary lobby, as it adopted some bad legislation, over the Governor's veto, nota- bly an amendment to a charter for a Chicago horse railway, granted in 1859 for 25 years, and now sought to be extended 99 years. As this measure was promptly passed over his veto by both branches of the Legislature, he deemed it useless further to attempt to check their headlong career. At this session no law of a general useful character or public interest was perfected, unless we count such the turning over of the canal to Chicago to be deepened. The session of 1867 was still more productive of private and special acts. Many omnibus bills were proposed, and some passed. The contests over the location of the Industrial College, the Capital, the Southern Penitentiary, and the canal enlargement and Illinois River improvement, dominated every- thing else. During the year 1S72, it became evident that if the Republicans could re-elect Mr. Oglesby to the office of Governor, they could also elect him to the United States Senate, which they desired to do. .Accordingly they re-nominated him for the Execu- tive chair, and i)laced upon the ticket with him for Lieutenant Governor, John L. Beveridge, of Cook County. On the other side the Democrats put into the field Gastavus Koerner for Governor and John C. Black for Lieutenant Governor. The election gave the Republican ticket majorities ranging from 3S'334 '^o 56,174, — 'he Democratic defection being caused mainly by their having an old-time Whig and Abolitionist, Horace Greeley, on the national ticket for President. According to the general understand- ing had beforehand, as soon as the Legislature met it elected Gov. Oglesby to the United States Senate, whereupon Mr. Beveridge became Governor. Sena- tor Oglesby 's term expired March 4, 1879, having served his party faithfully and exhibited an order of statesmanship beyond criticism. During the campaign of 1884 Mr. Oglesby was nominated for a "third term" as Executive of the State of Illinois, against Carter H. Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, nominated by the Democrats. Both gentlemen "stumped " the State, and while the peo- ple electei^ a Legislature which was a tie on a joint ballot, as' between the two parties, they gave the jovial " Dick" Oglesby a majority of 15,018 for Gov- ernor, and he was inaugurated Jan. 30, 1885. The Legislature did not fully organize until this date, on account of its equal division between the two main parties and the consequent desperate tactics of each party to checkmate the latter in the organization of the House. Gov. Oglesby is a fine-appearing, affable man, with regular, well defined features and rotund face. In stature he is a little above medium height, of a large frame and somewhat fleshy. His physical appear- ance is striking and prepossessing, while his straight- out, not to say bluff, manner and speech are well calculated favorably to impress the average masses. Ardent in feeling and strongly committed to the pol- icies of his party, he intensifies Republicanism among Republicans, while at the same rime his jovial and liberal manner prevents those of the opposite party from hating him. He is quite an effective stump orator. With vehe- ment, passionate and scornful tone and gestures, tremendous physical power, which in speaking he exercises to the utmost ; with frequent descents to the grotesque; and with abundant homely compari- sons or frontier figures, expressed in the broadest vernacular and enforced with stentorian emphasis, he delights a promiscuous audience beyond measure. LIBfiARY CF THE UNIVERSITY 0F4Uiwnis GO V^ER.VORS OF ILLINOIS. .67 i'*.»'. : '. •. '. ; 'X'i^'i.'^i'ssi'^":^"??' ^1 J o HN M. 'Pa l mer '^'^'^'g^^;i'^i'.Vi';i'^'^';£>'.;^Vi^. "■ U'^.vs't^'iaJtas'f^l ^v.,,^?^^ ■ >I ^ » ' 4 e»; gx \. G-'* H;OHN Mc AULEY PALMER, Gov- .fW** ernor 1869—72, was born on -^- Eagle Creek, Scott Co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1817. During his in- ;•' fancy, his father, who had been a soldier in the war of 181 2, re- moved to Christian Co., Ky., where lands were cheap. Here the future Governor of the great Prairie State spent his childhood and received such meager school- ing as the new and sparsely set- tled country afforded. To this he added materially by diligent reading, for which he evinced an eaily aptitude. His father, an ardent Jackson man, was also noted for his anti-slavery sentiments, which he thoroughly impressed upon his children. In 1831 he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Madison County. Here the labor of improving a farm was pursued for about two years, when the death of Mr. Palmer's mother broke up the family. Al)Out this time Alton College was opened, on the "manual lal)or " system, and in the spring of 1834 young Palmer, with his elder brother, Elihu, entered this school and remained 18 months. Next, for over three years, he tried variously coopering, peddling and school-teaching. During the summer of 1838 he formed the ac- quaintance of Stephen A. Douglas, then making his first canvass for Congress. Young, eloquent and in political accord with Mr. Palmer, he won his confi- dence, Sred his ambition and fi.xed his purpose. The following winter, while teaching near Canton, he be- gan to devote his spare time to a desultory reading ' of laA-, and in the spring entered a law office at Car- linville, making his home with his elder brother, Elihu. (The latter was "a learned clergyman, of con- siderable orginality of thought and doctrine.) On the next meeting of the Supreme Court he was ad- mitted to the Bar, Douglas being one of his examiners. He was not immediately successful in his profession, and would have located elsewhere than Carlinville had he the requisite means. Thus his early poverty was a blessing in disguise, for to it he now attributes the success of his life. From 1839 on, while he diligently pursued his profession, he participated more or less in local ])olitics. In r843 he became Probate Judge. In 1847 he was elected to the State Constitutional Con- vention, where he took a leading part. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate, and at the special session of February, 1854, true to the anti-slavery sentiments bred in him, he took a firm stand in op- ;x)sition to the reiieal of the Missouri Compromise; and when the Nebraska ([uestion became a party issue he refused to receive a re-nomination for the Senatorship at the hands of the Democracy, issuing a circular to that effect. A few weeks afterward. i 4 4-4^ i68 JOHN MC AULEY PALMER. however, hesitating to break with his party, he par- ticipated in a Congressional Convention which nomi- T. L. Harris against Richard Yates, and whicli unqualifiedly approved the principles of the Kansas- Nebraska act. But later in the campaign he made the plunge, ran for the Senate as an Anti-Nebraska Democrat, and was elected. The following winter he put in nomination for the U.iited States Senate Mr. Trumbull, and was one of the five steadfast men who voted for him until all the Whigs came to their support and elected their man. In 1856 he was Chairman of the Republican State Convention at Bloomington. He ran for Congress in 1859, but was defeated. In i860 he was Republican Presidential Elector for the State at large. In 1861 he was appointed one of the five Delegates (all Re- publicans) sent by Illinois to the peace congress at Washington. When the civil conflict broke but, he offered his services to his country, and was elected Colonel of the i4ih 111. Vol. Inf., and participated in the engagements at Island No. 10 ; at Farmington, where he skillfuity X extricated his command from a dangerous poyUp j ;, J at Stone River, where his division for several hours,' Dec. 31, 1862, held the advance anti stood like a rock, and for his gallantry there he was made Major General; at Chickamauga, where his and Van Cleve's divisions for two hours maintained their position when they were cut off by overpowering numbers. Under Gen. Sherman, he was assigned to the 14th Army Corps and participated in the .\tlanta campaign. At Peach-Tree Creek his prudence did much to avert disaster. In February, 1865, Gen. Palmer was as- signed to the military administration of Kentucky, which was a delicate post. That State was about half rebel and half Union, and those of the latter element were daily fretted by the loss of their slaves. He, who had been bred to the rules of common law, trembled at the contemplation of his extraordinary power over the persons and property of his fellow men, with which he was vested in his capacity- as military Governor ; and he exhibited great caution in the execution of the duties of his post. Gen. Palmer was nominated for Governor of Illi- nois by the Republican State Convention which met at Peoria May 6, 1868, and his nomination would probably have been made by acclamation had he not persistently declared that he could not accept a can- didature for the office. The result of the ensuing election gave Mr. Palmer a majority of 44.707 over John R. Eden, the Democratic nominee. 0.1 the meeting of the Legislature in Januar)', 18(59, the first thing to arrest public attention was th.it portion of the Governor's message which took broad Slate's rights ground. Th's and some minor points, which were more in keeping with the Demo- cratic sentiment, constituted the e itering wedge f jr the criticisms and reproofs he afterward received from the Republican party, and ultimately resulted in his entire aleniation from the latter element. The Legislature just referred to was noted for the intro- duction of numerous bills in the interest of private parties, which were embarrassing to the Governor. Among the public acts passed was that which limited railroad charges for passenger travel to a maximum of three cents per mile ; and it was passed over the Governor's veto. Also, they passed, over his veto, the " tax-grabbing law " to pay railroad subscriptions, the Chicago Lake Front bill, etc. The new State ' ^Constitution of 1S70, far superior to the old, was a 'peaceful " revolution" which took place during Gov. ■Paffi«ir's term of office. The suffering caused by the great Chicago Fire of October, 1871, was greatly alleviated by the prompt responses of his excellency. Since the expiration of Gov. Palmers 's term, he has been somewhat prominent in Illinois politics, and has been talked of by many, especially in the Dem- ocratic party, as the best man in the State for a United States Senator. His business during life has been that of the law. Few excel him in an accurate appreciation of the depth and scope of its principles- The great number of his able veto messages abun- dantly testify not only this but also a rare capacity to point them out. He is a logical and cogent reasoner and an interesting, forcible and convincing speaker, though not fluent or ornate. Without brilliancy, his dealings are rather with facts and ideas than with appeals to passions and prejudices. He is a patriot and a statesman of very high order. Physically he is above the medium height, of robust frame, ruddy complexion and sanguine-nervous temperament. He has a large cranial development, is vivacious, social in disposition, easy of approach, unostentatious in his habits of life, democratic in his habits and manners and is a true American in his fundamental principles of statesman'Uiip. "t LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ItUNOIS ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^ /^^^/^-^J^ H^ ^JL. GO VERNORS OF ILLINOIS. 171 OHN LOWRiE BEVER- IDGE,Oovernor 187 3-6, was born in the town of Green- wich, Washington Co., N. Y., July 6, 1824. His parents were George and Ann Bever- .'\) idge. His father's parents, An- drew and Isabel Beveridge, be- fore their marriage emigrated from Scotland just before the Revolutionary War, settling in Washington County. His father was the eldest of eight brothers, the youngest of whom was 60 years of age when the first one of the num- ber died. His mother's parents, Tames and Agnes Hoy, emigrated from Scotland at the close of the Revolutionary War, settling also in ! °[P Washington Co., N. Y., with their first-born, whose " native land " was the wild ocean. His parents and grandparents lived beyond the time allotted to man, their average age being over 80 years. They belonged to the "Asso- ciate Church," a seceding Presbyterian body of America from the old Scotch school ; and so rigid was the training of young Beveridge that he never ' ■] heard a sermon from any other minister except that of his own denomination until he was in his 19th year. Later in life he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which relation he still holds. Mr. Beveridge received a good common-school ed- ucation, but liis parents, who could obtain a livelihood only by rigid economy and industry, could not send him away to college. He was raised upon a farm, and was in his 18th year when the family removed to De Kalb County, this State, when that section was very sparsely settled. Chicago had less than 7,000 inhabitants. In this wild West he continued as a farm laborer, teaching school during the winter months to supply the means of an education. In the fall of 1842 he attended one term at the academy at Granville, Putnam Co., 111., and subsequently several terms at the Rock River Seminary at Mount Morris, Ogle Co., 111., completing the academic course. At tliis tiriie, the fall of 1845, his parents and brothers were anxious to have him go to college, even though he had not money sufficient; but, n^t willing \o bur- den the family, he jjacked his trunk and with only $40 in money started .South to seek liis fortune. 4-^ A 172 JOHN L. BEVERIDGE. Poor, alone, without friends and influence, !ie thus entered upon the battle of life. First, he taught school in Wilson, Overton and Jackson Cos., Tenn., in which experience he under- went considerable mental drill, both in book studies and in the ways of the world. He read law and was admitted to the Bar, in the South, but did not learn to love the institution of slavery, although he ad- mired many features of Southern character. In De- cember, 1847, he returned North, and Jan. 20, 1848, he married Miss Helen M. Judson, in the old Clark- Street M. E. church in Chicago, her father at that time being Pastor of the society there. In the spring of 1848 he returned with his wife to Tennessee, where his two children. Alia May and Philo Judson, were born. In the fall of 1849, through the mismanagement of an associate, he lost what little he had accumu- lated and was left in debt. He soon managed to earn means to pay his debts, returned to De Kalb Co., 111., and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession at Sycamore, the county seat. On anival^' from the South he had but one-quarter of a dollar.in money, and scanty clothing and bedding for him'Self ' and family. He borrowed a little money, practiced law, worked in public offices, kept books for some of the business men of the town, and some railroad en- gineering, till the spring of 1854, when he removed to Evanston, 1 2 miles north of Chicago, a place then but recently laid out, under the supervision of the Northwestern U'liversity, a Methodist institution. Of the latter his father-in-law was then financial agent and business manager. Here Mr. Beveridge prospered, and the next year (1855) opened a law office in Chicago, where he found the battle some- what hard; but he persevered with encouragement and increasing success. Aug. 12, 1 861, his law partner. Gen. John F. Farnsworth, secured authority to raise a regiment of cavalry, and authorized Mr. Beveridge to raise a company for it. He succeeded in a few days in rais- ing the company, of course enlisting himself along with it. The regiment rendezvoused at St. Charles. 111., was mustered in Sept. 18, and on its organiza- tion \^. B. was elected Second Major. It was at- t.ichod, Oct. II, to the Eighth Cavalry and to the Army of the Potomac. He served with the regiment until November, 1863, participating in some 40 bat- tles and skirniislies : was at Fair Oaks, the seven days' fight around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellors- ville and Gettysburg. He commanded the regiment the greater part of the summer of 1S63, and it was while lying in camp this year that he originated the policy of encouraging recruits as well as the fighting capac- ity of the soldiery, by the wholesale furlough system. It worked so well that many other officers adopted it. In the fall of this year he recruited another com- pany, against heavy odds, in January, 1864, was commissioned Colonel of tlie 17th 111. Cav., and skirmished around in Missouri, concluding with the reception of the surrender of Gen. Kirby Smith's army in Arkansas. In 1865 he commanded various sub-districts in the Southwest. He was mustered out Feb. 6, 1866, safe from the casualties of war and a stouter man than when he first enlisted. His men idolized him. He then returned to Ciiicago, to practice law, with no library and no clientage, and no political experi- ence except to help others into office. In the fall of 1866 he was elected Sherifif of Cook County, serving one term; next, until November, 1870, he practiced law artd closed up the unfinished business of his H office. He was then elected State Senator; in No- vember, 187 I, he was elected Congressman at large; in November, 1872, he was elected Lieutenant Gov- ernor on the ticket with Gov. Oglesby ; the latter be- ing elected to the U. S. Senate, Mr. Beveridge became Governor, Jan. 21, 1873. Thus, inside of a few weeks, he was Congressman at large. Lieutenant Governor and Governor. The principal events oc- curring during Gov. Beveridge's administration were: The completion of the revision of the statutes, begun in 1869; the partial success of the " farmers' move- ment;" "Haines' Legislature " and IIHnois' exhibit at the Centennial. Since the close of his gubernatorial term ex-Gov. Beveridge has been a member of the firm of Bever- idge & Dewey, bankers and dealers in commercial paper at 7 1 Dearborn Street (McCormick Block), Chicago, and since November, 1881, he has also been .\ssistant United States Treasurer : office in the Government Building. His residence is still at Ev- anston. He has a brother and two sisters yet residing in De Kalb County — James H. Beveridge, Mrs. Jennet Henry and Mrs. Isabel French. t LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF liUNOiS GOl'ERyORS OF ILLINOIS. «75 --> y HELBV M. CLLLOM, Gover- nor 1877-83,18 the sixth child of the late Richard N. Cullom, and was born Nov. 22, 1829, in Wayne Co., Ky., where his fa- ther then resided, and whence both the Illinois and Tennessee branches of the family originated. In the following year the family emi- grated to the vicinity of Washington, Tazewell Co., III., when that section was very sparsely settled. They lo- cated on Deer Creek, in a grove at the time occupied by a party of In- dians, attracted there by the superior hunting and fishing afforded in that vicinity. The following winter was known as the " hard winter," the gnow being very deep and lasting and the weather severely cold; and t'ue family had to subsist mainly on boiled corn or hominy, and some wild game, for several weeks. In the course of time Mr. R. N. Cullom became a prom- inent citizen and was several times elected to the Legislature, both before and after the removal of the capital from Vandalia to Springfield. He died about '873- Until about 19 years of age young Cullom grew up to agricultural pursuits, attending school as he had opportunity during the winter. Within this time, however, he spent several months teaching school, and in the following summer he "broke prairie "with an ox team for the neighbors. With the money ob- tained by these various ventures, he undertook a course of study at the Rock River Seminary, a Methodist institution at Mt. Morris, Ogle County; J but the sudden change to the in-door life of a stu- dent told severely upon his health, and he was taken home, being considered in a hopeless condition. While at Mt. Morris he heard Hon. E. B. Washburne make his first speech. On recovering health, Mr. Cullom concluded to study law, under the instruction of Abraham Lincoln, at Springfield, who had by this time attained some notoriety as an able lawyer; but the latter, being ab- sent from his office most of the time, advised Mr. Cullom to enter the office of Stuart & Edwards. After about a year of study there, however, his health failed again, and he was obliged to return once more to out-door life. Accordingly he bought hogs for packing, for A. G. Tyng, in I'eoria, and while he re- gained his health he gained in purse, netting $400 in a few weeks. Having been admitted to the Bar, he went to Springfield, where he was soon elected City Attorney, on the .\nti-Nebraska ticket. In 1856 he ran on the Fillmore ticket as a Presi- dential Elector, and, although failing to be elected as such, he was at the same time elected a Representa- tive in the Legislature from Sangamon County, by a local coalition of tlie American and Republican par- ties. On the organization of the House, he received the vote of the Fillmore men for Speaker. Practicing -^ *t4— 176 SHELB Y M. CULLOM. law until i860, he was again elected to the Legisla- ture, as a Republican, while the county went Demo- cratic on the Presidential ticket. In January follow- ing he was elected Speaker, probably the youngest man who had ever presided over an Illinois Legis- lature. After the session of 186 1, he was a candidate for the State Constitutional Convention called for that year, but was defeated, and thus escaped the disgrace of being connected with that abortive party scheme to revolutionize the State Government. In 1862 he was a candidate for the State Senate, but was defeated. The same year, however, he was ap- pointed by President Lincoln on a Government Commission, in company with Gov. Boutwell of Massachusetts and Cnarles A. Dana, since of the New York Sun, to investigate the affairs of the Quartermaster's and Commissary Departments at Cairo. He devoted several months to this duty. In 1864 he entered upon a larger political field, being nominated as the Republican candidate for Congress from the Eighth (Springfield) District, in opposition to the incumbent, John T. Stuart, who haj ^been elected in 1862 by about 1,500 majority over^ [Leonard Swett, then of Bloomington, now of Chicago.- The result was the election of Mr. Cullom in Novem- ber following by a majority of 1,785. In 1866 he was re-elected to Congress, over Dr. E. S. Fowler, by the magnificent majority of 4,103 ! In 1868 he was again a candidate, defeating the Hon. B. S. Edwards, another of his old preceptors, by 2,884 votes. During his first term in Congress he served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and E.xpenditures in the Treasury Department; in his second term, on "the Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Territories ; and in his third term he succeeded Mr. Ashley, of Ohio, to the Chairnnnship of the latter. He intro- duced a bill in the House, to aid in the execution of law in Utah, which caused more consternation amons; the Mormons than any measure had previously, but whici), though it passed the House, failed to pass the Senate. The Republican Convention which met May 25, 1876, nominated Mr. Cullom for Governor, while the other contestant was Gov. Beveridge. For Lieuten- ant-Governor they nominated Andrew Shuman, editor of the Chicago Journal. For the same offices the Democrats, combining with the Anti-Monopolists, placed in nomination Lewis Steward, a wealthy farmer and manufacturer, and A. A. Glenn. The result of the election was rather close, Mr. Cullom obtaining only 6,800 majority. He was inaugurated Jan. 8, 1877. Great depression jjrevailed in financial circles at this time, as a consequence of the heavy failures of 1873 and afterward, the effect of which had seemed to gather force from that time to the end of Gov. CuUom's first administration. This unspeculative period was not calculated to call forth any new issues, but the Governor's energies were at one time put to task to quell a spirit of insubordination that had been begun in Pittsburg, Pa., among the laboring classes, and transferred to Illinois at Chicago, East St. Louis and Braidwood, at which places laboring men for a short time refused to work or allow others to work. These disturbances were soon quelled and the wheels of industry again set in motion. In May, 1880, Gov. Cullom was re-nominated by the Republicans, against Lyman Trumbull, by the Democrats; and although the former party was some- what handicapped in the campaign by a zealous faction opposed to Grant for President and to Grant men for offipe generally, Mr. Cullom was re-elected^ by about 314,565, to 277,532 for the Democratic State ticket. The Greenback vote at the same time was about 27,000. Both Houses of the Legislature again became Republican, and no representative of the Greenback or Socialist parties were elected. Gov. Cullom was inaugurated Jan. 10, 1S81. In his mes- sage he announced that the last dollar of the State debt had been provided for. March 4, 1883, the term of David Davis as United I States Senator from Illinois expired, and Gov. Cul- lom was chosen to succeed him. This promoted Lieutenant-Governor John M. Hamilton to the Gov- ernorship. Senator Cullom's term in the United States Senate will expire March 4, 1889. As a practitioner of law Mr. C. has been a member of the firm of Cullom, Scholes & Mather, at Spring- field ; and he has also been President of the State National Bank. He has been married twice, — the first time Dec. 12, 1855, to Miss Hannah Fisher, by whom he had two daughters; and the second time May 5, 1863, to Julia Fisher. Mrs. C is a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, with which religious body Mr. C. is also in sympathy. LI8RARY OF THE UNtV£RSITY OF ILLINOIS 1 :?==4-^ GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. '79 I liG)]^ ||[." j|Lai^iltof\. .ii^'^..'^-^.''*?-. -^^(syy j>^^ OHN MARSHALL HAMIL- TON, Governor 1883-5, ^^^ born May 28, 1847, in a log house ujxjn a farm about two miles from Richnood, Union County, Ohio. His father was t_ '■■"" ; >amuel Hamilton, the eldest son i^f Rev. Wni. Hamilton, who, to- gether with his brother, the Rev. J 'Jiji^t '• Samuel Hamilton, was among the ^'^C^'i ejrly pioneer Methodist preachers in 'i.io. The mother of the subject of is sketch was, before her marriage, fMrs. Nancy McMorris, who was born and raised in Fauquier or Lou- : doun County, Va., and related to the two large families of Youngs and Marshalls, well known in that commonwealth ; and from the latter family name was derived the middle name of Gov. Hamilton. In March, 1854, Mr. Hamilton's father sold out his little pioneer forest home in Union County, O., and, loading his few household effects and family (of six children) into two emigrant covered wagons, moved to Roberts Township, Marshall Co., 111., being 21 days on the route. Swamps, unbridged streams and innumerable hardships and privations met them on their way. Their new home had been previously selected by the father. Here, after many long years of toil, they succeeded in paying for the land and making a corafortaMp home. Joha was, of course, brought up to hard manual labor, with no scliooling except three or four months in the year at a common country school. However, he evinced a capacity and taste for a high order of self education, by studying or reading what books Ic could borrow, as the family had but very few in ilie house. .Much of • his study he prosecuted by the light of a log fire in the old-fashioned chimney place. The financial panic of 1857 caused the family to come near losing their home, to pay debts ; but the father and two sons, William and John, "buckled to" and perse- vered in hard labor and economy until they redeemed their place from the mortgage When the tremendous excitement of the political campaign of i860 reached the neigliborhood of Rob- erts Township, young Hamilton, who had been brought up in the doctrine of anti-slavery, took a zeal- ous part in favor of Lincoln's election. Making special efforts to procure a little money to buy a imiform, lie joined a company of Lincoln Wide-Awakes at Mag- nolia, a village not far away. Directly after the ensuing election it became evident that trouble would ensue with the South, and this Wide-Awake company, like many others throughout the country, kept up its organization and transformed itself into a military company. During the ensuing summer they met often for drill and became proficient ; but when they offered themselves for the war, young Hamilton was rejected on account of his youth, he being then but 14 years of age. During the winter of 1863-4 he attended an academy at Henry, Marshall County, V -%■ i8o JOHN MARSHALL HAMILTON. V and in the following May he again enlisted, for the fourth time, when he was placed in the i4ibt III. Vol. Inf., a regiment then being raised at Elgin, 111., for the loo-day service. He took with him 13 other lads from his neighborhood, for enlistment in the service. This regiment operated in Southwestern Kentucky, for about five months, under Gen. Paine. The following winter, 1864-5, '^'■- Hamilton taught school, and during the two college years 1865-7, ''"^ went through three years of the curriculum of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio. The third year he graduated, the fourth in a class of 46, in the classical department. In due time he received the degree of M. A. For a few months he was the Principal of Marshall " College " at Henry, an acad- emy under the auspices of the M. E. Church. By this time he had commenced the study of law, and after earning some money as a temporary Professor of Latin at the Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington, he entered the law office of Weldon, Tipton & Benjamin, of that city. Each member of this firm has since been distinguished as a Judge. Admitted to the Bar in M ly, 1870, Mr. Hamilton was given an interest in the same firm, Tipton hav- ing been elected Judge. In October following he formed a partnership with J. H. Rowell, at that time Prosecuting Attorney. Their business was then small, but they increased it to very large proportions, practicing in all grades of courts, including even the U. S. Supreme Court, and this partnership continued unbroken until Feb. 6, 1883, when Mr. Hamilton was sworn in as E.xecut!ve of Illinois. On the 4th of March following Mr. Rowell took his seat in Con- gress. In July, 187 I. Mr. Hamilton married Miss Helen M. Williams, the daughter of Prof. Wui. G, Williams, Professor of Greek in the Ohio Wejleyan University. Mr. and Mrs. H. have two daughters and one son. In 1876 Mr. Hamilton was nominated by the Re- publicans for the State Senate, over other and older competitors. He took an active part " on the stump " in the campaign, for the success of his party, and was elected by a majority of 1,640 over his Democratic- Greenback opponent. In the Senate he served on the Committees on Judiciary, Revenue, State Insti- tutions, Appropriations, Education, and on Miscel- lany ; and during the contest for the election of a U. S. Senator, the Republicans endeavoring to re- elect John A. Logan, he voted for the war chief on every ballot, even alone when all the other Republi- cans had gone over to the Hon. E. B. Lawrence and the Democrats and Independents elected Judge David Davis. -At this session, also, was passed the first Board of Health and Medic al Practice act, of which Mr. Hamilloa was a champion, aga'- much opposition that the bill was seveial tunes " laid on the table." Also, this session authorized the location and establishment of a southern pei-'- tentiary, which was fixed at Chester. In the sessio":^ of 1879 Mr. Hamilton was elected Vxt%\i. *f- r"- «| INTRODUCTORY.^. ■^?T^ *\ H K time has arrived when it ccomes the duty of the people of this county to per- petuate the names of their pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age and the duty that men of the pres- ent time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In bio- graphical history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this countrj' from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number re- maining who can relate the incidents of the first days of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for the collection and preser- vation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time. To be forgotten has been the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most earnest efforts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their memor)' has been in propor- tion to the amount of intelligence they possessed. The pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the I names and deeds of their great rulers. The exhu- mations made by the archeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements. The erection of the great obelisks were for the same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monu- ments, and carving out statues to chronicle their great achievements and carry them down the nges. It is also evident that the Mound-bu'lders, in piling up their great moinids of earth, had but this idea — to leave so'ncthing to sliow th it ihey had lived. .All these works, though manv oi them costly in the ex- treme, give but a faint idea of the lives and charac- ters of those whose memory they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the people that then lived. The great pyramids and some of the obelisks reniaiM objects only of curiosity; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crum- bling into dust. It was left to m^K?3^ ^;;4//\\Kv^a. BSmT^^ICii :.acob Gum. Among the leading i-^^ farmers and more worhiy citizens, -\ tli-;ini;uished for industry and ^ _ ; management, may be named ; :: ihe subject of this personal nar- ration, a resident of Knox Town- ship, and in reality one of the oldest settlers in the county. The details of his life career, as herein given, go to show that he is in a large degree worthy of no tice as a capable citizen and an able man. Mr. Gum was born in that part of Sangamon now in- cluded in Menard County, 111., Nov. 2r, 1827. His father, John B. Gum, was a native of Kentucky, being born in Munfordsville, Hart County, March 7, 1796. His father, Jacob Gum, the grandfather of our subject, was a pioneer of Knox County, of 1828. In 1827 he and his son Zephaniah came and viewed Knox County, and the next spring he returned here with his family. He settled at Henderson Grove, May I St, of that year. He was a preacher of the regular Baptist Church, and the first minister of the Gospel in this county. His marriage with Miss Rhoda Bell was productive of the birth of four children, as follows : John B., Zephaniah, Jessie and James ; all dead. Mrs. Gum was born in Germany and died March 11, 1852, aged 84 years 7 months and 18 days. The sons came to Knox County with their parents, and all settled in Henderson Grove in 1828. The elder Giun took up a tract of 320 acres of land in Henderson Township, on which he erected a log house, and his sons, Zephaniah and Jesse, im-^ proved the land. Here the old gentlenjan passed his last years on the home farm, and died April 15, 1847, aged 82 years and 4 months. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native State, and in his earlier years was united in marriage with Cassandria Dills, also a native of Ken- tucky, and was born Jan. 26, 1803. She was the daughter of Thomas Dills. In 1823 the Gum family all moved to Illinois, which journey was made over- land with teams. They brought with them their household goods and camped along the way. They lived in that part of Sangamon County which is now Menard County, and were among the earlier settlers. They took up claims and erected cabins, where they resided until the spring of 1828, when they sold out and came to Knox County, which was then attached to Fulton County for judicial purposes. In 1833 Mr. Gum went among the Indians and bought seed corn. The father took up a claim in Henderson Township, building a durable log cabin, covering the same with clapboards and laying a puncheon floor. This house played a very conspicuous part in the early history of the county, being noteworthy from the fact that the first re'igious meetings in the county were held within its walls, as was also the first court. 190 KNOX COUNTY. Continuing in this part of the county until 1831, he at that time sold his patent to the land and re- moved to Knox Township, where he located a claim of 240 acres on section 29, and again built a small log house, which in the fall he replaced by a hewed log cabin, which is still standing. Sometimes during the Indian wars, whenever an outbreak occurred, the few settlers would repair to this house for a place of safety. Here his wife died Nov. 14, 1832. Two years later he formed a second matrimonial con- nection, with Miss Jane Burner, who was born in Tennessee, Nov. 18, 1809. He bought this land and improved it as a farm, living there until 1861, when he sold out and went to California, making the en- tire journey overland. He located in San Joaquin County, purchasing a farm, on which he engaged in agricultural pursuits. His death occurred Oct. 29, 1869, at that place. To him had been born by the first marriage two children — ^Melissa, who married D. G. Burner, and who died June 9, 1853, and Jacob, our subject. By the second marriage there were 10 children, of whom eiglit now survive — Isaac, who is ' warden of the State Penitentiary of California ; Rhoda, wife of Aaron White, and is living in San Joaquin County, Cal.; John, who lives in Galva, Henry County, III.; Charles makes his home in San Joaquin County, Cal.; Mary, wife of a Mr. Plummer, resides in Stockton, Cal.; Bessie, wife of Peter Elamm, lives in San Joaquin County, Cal. ; Susan, wife of Mr. Cope, and Jane, who is also married, and lives in California; Knox lives on the homestead in Lodi, Cal., with his mother. The children who are dead were Jason, the eldest son, and Bessie ; both died several years ago. Jacob Gum was but a few months old when he came to this county with his parents. Here he grew to manhood, assisting his father on the farm and attending the public school. He was one of first students in the first school ever established in Knox- ville. He continued under the parental roof until his marriage, which was celebrated April i, 1852, with Miss Jane Montgomery, daughter of John and Margaret (Vaughn) Montgomery (see sketch). At the time of his marriage he engaged in farming, locat- ing on section 36, of Galesburg Township. This farm he occupied until 1873, when he left it in charge of his daughter and son-in-law, and moved to tlie place he now occupies, on section 31, of Knox Township. Mr. Gum has been one of the most noteworthy farm- ers for enterprise and prosperity in this section of the country. Mr. Gum's farm comprises about one thousand acres, in Knox, Galesburg and Orange Townships. Mr. Gum makes a specialty of stock raising and breeding, particularly the raisii.g of horses. He has for several years been breeding well- bred Hamiltonians and Clydesdales, also a few Nor- mans. He also breeds Short-horn cattle, and has been breeding thorough-bred Chester-white hogs and Leicester sheep. He takes rank as one of the large stock-raisers in this section of the country. His sons are interested with him in stock-raising. They have on hand, at this writing, 61 horses and mules, and a good herd of cattle, which gives some idea of the magnitude of his stock enterprises. Mr. Gum and wife are the parents of five children, as follows : Sarah M., wife of Jesse Brown, whose home is in Henderson Township; William N., John M., Mary B. and Charlie D. Mr. and Mrs. Gum are members of theChristian Church, and most excellent neighbors and friends. The husband takes an active interest in politics, and has been a supporter of the Republican party ever since its formation. During tlie war, he was a standi Union man. John B. Gum, whose portrait we present on the opposite page, was one of the most conspicuous men in the early history of Knox County. He was evi- dently regarded as one of the most capable of pio- neers, as we find him prominently identified with ev- ery move toward the organization of the county, as well as of the various departments of the county's government. It was at his residence that the first County Commissioners' Court was held. He was elected Clerk, but at the next meeting resigned. The first term of the Circuit Court was also held at his cabin, Oct. i, 1830. This cabin, which was known as the " temporary seat of justice of Knox County," stood on section 32, Henderson Township. It was a one-story, double log cabin. Each division contained one room. This was also the tavern for this section of country. Mr. Gum also served as the first Treas- urer of Knox County. His first report showed that he handled for the year $341.32. Of this $320 was received from the State Treasurer, $[9.32 from taxes, and $2 from license. Mr. Gum was a fine type of the early pioneer, possessing a well developed, mus- cular form. He possessed many Christian virtues, and was highly esteemed and respected by every one ^> njyjui H-l- KNOX COUNTY. 191 of the sturdy pilgrims who came to the beautiful groves of Knox County, before they were marred by the hand of man. #^ jaryRoe. The lady of whom this biogra- phy is written, is one of the most estima- '' ble women of Knox County, and worthy ^ \ of a place ill its records. She has shown '^ much business ability, and in spite of the ob- stacles and hindrances that confront a woman left alone, has done nobly, and like Joan of Arc " Redeemed her people. " Her farm is situated on section 2 1, of Indian Point Township, and though large, originally, has been divided with the children, until 74 acres as a homestead, remains to the widow, daughter of Benjamin and Nancy (Tift) Barber, who were natives of Rhode Island. Mrs. Mary Roe was born in Chenango County, near Norwich, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1815. In the yeur 1836, 1^ she united her destiny with Mr. Silas Roe, of Dutch- ess County, N. Y., who was born June 15, 1807. Their marriage was celebrated in Norwich, and they lived there six years, at the expiration of which time they came to Illinois, locating in Knox County in the spring of 1843. They have had 12 children, and be- sides her own family, she has two children, which she brought up as her own. The children's names are as follows : Sarah Ann, the eldest, died when in infancy; Emily C, Silas J., Truman H., Daniel M., Mary A., Jerusha G., Pluma A., Martin E , Nancy E., Laura A., Martha J. and Elizabeth. Mr. Roe enlisted in the army in March, 1865. Being a carpenter by trade, he engaged with the Government to work at Duval's Bluff. He was never heard from after the war, and it was generally sup- posed that he perished in a steamboat explosion in , the vicinity of Vicksburg, as all inquiries failed to elicit any information as to his whereabouts. Mrs. Roe had three sons in the army, one of whom, Daniel, lost his life at Pittsburgh Landing. He nobly proved that " They never die who fall in a great cause. " His death was the result of wounds. The two others were Silas J. and Truman H. The latter was in the ist Cavalry, passed through the or- deal unscathed and went home to the waiting mother. They are still living. She has one daugh- ter, now living 'in Galesburg, and one in Cass County, Iowa; a daughter in Ford County, 111.,; one in Hancock County; one in Knox County; and Mills County, Iowa ; Martha E. is in Nebraska ; and one in Wyoming County, Pa. Mrs. Roe and husband were congenial companions and passed together a happy married life. He was an earnest, humble, and a kind and loving husband and father, and his death was deeply lamented. Mrs. Roe was one of the early settlers of this section of country, and remembers vividly, many of the inci- dents of pioneer days. She entered the house in which she now lives, before it was sided or shingled. During his life they accumulated considerable prop- erty. Their landed possessions amount to 400 acres. He was an active, earnest member of society, and watched political events with considerable interest. He was a Republican in sentiment and vote. In faith, he was a Protestant Methodist. jilff oseph Ellis, now deceased, formerly a lead- ;;^fe" iiig farmer, was born in Hamilton County, l,S>'' Ohio, Oct. 26, 181 1. His parents were %i> Dr. Thomas and Catherine (Wescott) Ellis, |L natives of New England, who resided in Ohio I many years prior to their decease, having sup- posedly married in that State. The father died when Joseph was a small boy, who lived with his mother till his marriage, which took place in Hamil- ton County, Jan. 30, 1842, to Miss Laura M. Jacobus, who was born near Bath in Steuben County, N. Y., June 24, 1 8 18. Her parents, Garrett and Elizabeth (Wilhelms) Jacobus, were natives of New Jersey and married in New York Stale, where five children were l)Orn to them : Eleanor, Margaret (Mrs. Ellis), Henry, Mary and Joshua. The children are all de- ceased except Mary and Mrs. Ellis. The mother died in the year of 1834. Mrs. Ellis remained with her father about four years after the death of her mother. She then went to live with her uncle as house-keeper, where she remained three years, until she was married. After the marriage of his daughter, the father lived with her, and died at her home in Oneida, Jan. i, 1877, i.ged 86 years. He was a me- chanic of skill and a generally successful man. In -^J^ f^ ^ 192 ■ Y. . KNOX COUNTY. S-* 1842, in the spring following their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Ellis came to Fulton County, 111., and settled on a new farm in Fairfield Township, where they lived for 20 years, during which period Mr. Ellis purchased a farm of 160 acres in Ontario Township, which he operated and rented, making his home in Oneida till his death, March 19, 1873, having lived in the latter place two years. Mrs. E., since the death of her husband, operated a portion of the property which was left to her by him, amounting to 80 acres in Ontario Township, im- proved, and 1 1 acres in the city, besides the fine home property on which she resides. She is a woman of strong character, possessing fine executive ability, a clear, vigorous mind, and an especially excellent memor)'. Her husband, while living, was a firm and reliable Republican, and a good honest man of kind and friendly disposition, alike toward rich and poor. Mrs. Ellis IS an active member of the Congregational Church, and for many j'ears, while living in the countr)', their home was noted for its generous hos- pitality and unfailing good cheer, and was called by many of the traveling p'lblic the " Taveler's Home. " ^ She is the mother of two children : Mary E. Mur- dock (see sketch of Frank Miirdock); Alonzo, a sin- gle man, now living in Elvada, Butler County, Kas., the owner of a large farm and a stock-feeder. The excellent mother, now approaching the seventies in years, has led an irreproachable life, cheered and guided by the light which gleams from the por- tals of another world, entrance into which she awaits in confident faith, happy to stay with loved ones here or ready to join the throng of friends awaiting her coming on the other shore. In all her life, she has been blessed with loving friends and dutiful children, and she approaches old age with neither regret nor repin- ICohn Hobbs, formerly one of the most prominent farmers of Knox County, where he lived from the time he was a year old till his death, which occurred at Oneida, Feb. It 21, 1885, was born in. Knox County, Ohio, April 7, 1837. His parents, William and Sarah (Mountjoy) Hobbs, were natives of England, where they were married, and came to the United States after the birth of their first child, William, and settled in Knox County, Ohio, a short time after John was born. A year later the family located in Knoxville, 111., where they resided for ten years, when they settled in Copley Township, purchasing and improving a farm of 320 acres, on which they lived until their decease, the mother dying in Sep- tember, 1 86 1, while the father followed in April, 1879. John Hobbs, our subject, remained at home with his parents till he was married May t, 1862, to Miss Jennette McSkimming, who was a native of Ayer- shire, Scotland, and who, when 14 years old, came with her parents to America. Her father's name was Hugh and her mother's Anna Wallace. They at once settled in Knox County, where her parents resided for many years, removing in March, 1878, to Adams County, Iowa, where they are yet living and rank among the active and successful farmers of Union County. Mrs. Hobbs was the eldest but two of a family of \ 15 children, ro of whom are yet living. The names of these are: Marj-, who became the wife of Ezra . Fosmire, and they are now living in Adams County, ' Iowa; William married Jeanette Russell and they are the parents of one child, Hattie; Mrs. Hobbs of j this sketch is next in order; Anna became the wife of Christian Gehring and their union has been blessed by eight children — William, Mary, Anna, Frank, .\lice, Stella, Harr)' and Mabel ; Lillie mar- ried William Griffith and they have five children — George, Alice, Harry, .Arnold and Hugh ; Jeannie became the wife of Edward Town and mother of one child, born March 5, 1886; Joan became the wife of Thomas Montgomer)-, and they are the par- ents of two children — George and Luella; Hugh married Adella Burkhart, and they now have two children, named Maud and Pearl; James is now living in Colorado; David married Delia Humphrey and one child has blessed that union — Hugh. The five children that are deceased died in infancy, ex- cept Campbell, who died at the age of 17. Mrs. Hobbs is the mother of four children, one of whom, Stephen, is deceased. The living, Sarah, John and Ella, were all educated in ihe Oneida High School and are all affectionate and intelligent children, a comfort and blessing to their widowed mother, who ] has given a mother's devotion ar.d care to their in- *r t :^ KNOX COUNTY. 193 struction and training in all that adonis, developes and strengthens true character. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hobbs they settled on a farm of 80 acres, once a part of her father's homestead in Copley Township, and which the young and thrifty couple promptly improved and which they increased by purchase to 134 acres in this county and 56 acres near Los Angeles, Cal. This was all well improved before his death, and all is yet owned by Mrs. Hobbs, the administratrix of her husband's estate. Prior to his death Mr. Hobbs had held local offices in his township, enjoying to a marked degree that best of all evidence of worth, the unwavering confidence and respect of his neighbors to whom he was best known. The loss of the affectionate husband and father was a severe blow to the family, and especially to her with whom he had walked side by side for more than a score of years, through the sunshine of youth and the struggles of their maturer days. Separation being if possible made more poignant than after suc- cessfully placing his family beyond any possible want. He was taken away in the prime of his man- hood, without being permitted to long enjoy the fruits of his successful toil. Such, however, is one of the frequent incidents of this earthly existence, and to the family thus early bereaved is left a worthy example to emulate and the memory of a dear friend to cherish. f ff»t)i edro W. Epperson, deceased. The sub- ||: ject of this detailed biographical notice was ^ recognized as one of the citizens of Knox cij County, eminent for their enterprising industry jfr and success in agricultural pursuits. He was one of the pioneers of this section of country, having come to the county in 1836, from the State of Kentucky. He was prosperous in all his pursuits and to-day is remembered as one of the leading men of the county. Mr. Epperson was born in Virginia April 13, i8oo, and grew up in his native State to young man- hood, and was united in marriage in Kentucky, Jan. 4, 1823. At this time he took to wife Elizabeth Dalton, who was born in Virginia, May 6, 1803. To them were born 1 1 children, named as follows : Sarah A., Lydia J., William D., James W., John H., Christina, Charles I., Mary E., Thomas P., Francis M. and Henry F. Mr. Epperson held many important offices in the township in which he lived, and assisted in laying out tlie wagon road to Rock Island. As previously stated, he came from Kentucky in 1836, with his wife and si.x children, and settled in Rio Township, in which part of the county he departed this life and was there buried. His death took place Sept. 20, 1881. He was a genial, warm-hearted man, of affable and kindly manners, so that his loss was widely felt. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and a consistent, worthy Christian, living the principles in his daily life in a noble charity, and a generous feeling for his fellow men. At his death he left to his widow 190 acres of land, 30 of which is in timber, besides other property in Rio Township, so that she is amply provided for in a worldly point of view. He was a member of the Masonic fratern- ity in good standing, being a member of Oxford Lodge, No. 337. He was connected with that lodge for over 30 years. His parentage may be traced back to English origin. Mrs. Epperson's lineage is traced back to the same country as her husband's. I illiam P. Marks is a farmer residing on section 9, Cedar Township, Knox Co., 111. M^n ^^ ^^^ '^'-"'" •" ''^'^ township June 19, \i, on section 9, where he still resides A-i\^ with his family, and is the son of Benjamin and Mary (Bishop) Marks, both natives of Kentucky. They came here in 1835 and settled right here where William P. still lives, and both died here on this place. The date of Mr. Mark's father's birth is unknown, but his demise took place in 1845. His mother was born in i8n and died in 1878 in this township. By the happy marriage there were seven children — Lavina, Benjamin, Mary A., Serilda, William P., Wayne B. and Penelope. The two lat- ter are dead. Five of these children are still living, each being happily married. Mr. William P., the subject of this sketch, married Miss Mary E. McCoy in Knox County, she having been born July 14, 1847, in Highland County, Ohio, and is the daughter of Harlem and Jane (Wise) Mc- Coy, natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively. Hig ^ -€4-* KNOX COUNTY. A. birth took place Nov. 22, 18 18, and he still lives in Orange Township, this county. She was born Jan. 14, 1825, and by this happy union there were six children — Salina E., Mary E., Kerzerta A., Eliza J., Christo- pher A. and James W. The children of Mr. Marks, the gentleman whose name heads this biography, are eight in number and all living: Wilbert F., born Nov. i, 1866; William A., Aug. 28, 1869; Mary J., June 30, 1872; Lavina A„ Jan. 20, 1875 ; Waldon A., Aug. 25, 1877 ; War- ren P., March 3, 1880; Wilber E., Dec. i, 1882; and Wilson H., June 28, 1885. Mr. Mark's estate consists of 200 acres of fine land, all situated in this township. In 1884 he erected a very desirable barn, 48 X 58 feet. He possesses 30 head of cattle of the Polled Angus breed, and 50 head of graded and Short-horns. He is also breeding the Black Hawk and Messenger roadsters, the latter of which he has four head; besides these he is breeding some English , Draft and Clydesdales. From the care and general watchfulness which this gentleman bestows upon his stock, he is likely in the near future to produce some (.splendid specimens of highly bred cattle and horses. "/rpl? eorge Stevei ' '_^j, : irmers of Knox County. ^ one of the prominent He came to it 1 i860 from Colorado, and purchased 470 f^ acres in Persifer Township. On this land he settled in 1866, where he has since lived, and is now owner of 1257 acres in that town- ship, and as it will be seen, is one of the heaviest land owners in the county. His homestead is lo- cated on section 27, and besides being interested in agricultural pursuits, he is busily engaged in raising stock. Mr. Stevens was born in Philadelphia, and when nine years of age went to North Carolina and thence to New Orleans. He belonged to the "4gers," going to California in that year and engaging in mining. He is an extensive traveler, having crossed the plains a number of times, and has engaged in freighting from Missouri to Colorado. Our subject was married in Galesburg, Oct. 2nd, 1866, to Hannah P. Rafferty, who was born in Madi- son County, Ohio, July r, 1848. They have been the parents of nine children, six of whom survive, as follows: Lucinda, George W., Mary J., Eleanor, John and Milo; Roy, Loringand Lillie are deceased. In politics Mr. Stevens is a Democrat, and is an active wide-awake man, interested in all matters relative to the welfare of his country, a man of enlarged views, and has successfully applied his intelligence to his business affairs, the result of which is witnessed in his vast prosperity. aines W. Kays. This gentleman is a farmer of prominent standing on section 17, Cedar Township, and was born in Put- _ nam County, Ind., Nov. 17, 1831. He is the ]C son of William and Elizabeth (Bracken) Kays, both natives of Kentucky. Mr. Kays' father was born April 9, 1804, while the birth of his mother took place in 1810; her death occurring in i87r. They first emigrated to Illinois iii the fall of 1834, locating in Cedar Township, and had 12 children born to them: William, James W., Henry, Gsorge W., Andrew J., Charles, Mary A., Nancy J., Arti- mitia, Abigail, Dealy Ann and Francis E. Jackson and Charles are deceased. Our subject married Mrs. Sabina High, Aug. 14, 1864. She was a native of Parke County, Ind., where she was born May 30, 1832. Her parents were John and Catherine (Weight) Reed. Her father was born Oct. 4, 1784, in Virginia, and died Nov. 30, 1858, while residing in Knox County, 111. Her mother was born in Scotland, within nine miles of Edinborough, May 24, 1789. They were married in the State of Kentucky. When she was only in her seventh year her parents emigrated to this country and landed at New York, in 1799. She died on the 1 8th of February, i886, in her 97 th year. Making no stay here, they at once proceeded to Virginia and settled on the Potomac River. Mr. James Weight died in 1801. In her father's family there were ten children. The nine children deceased are Ann J., born Aug. 7, r8o9; Sarah, April 6, 1812; Mary, July 17, 1814; James A., Jan. i, 1817; RachaelE., Feb. 12, 1820; Jemima, Jan. 23, 1822; Catherine, May 22, 1827; Louisa, Feb. 10, 1829; and Sabina, May 30, 1832. The last named is the youngest daughter of the family and the wife of Mr. Kays. By her first hus- iX! ^ KNOX COUNTY. '95 'H- band, Lemuel High, she had four children. She married this gentleman May i8, 1850. The children were Charles H., born July 30, 1852 ; George, born Jan. 8, 1853; Gertrude S., Nov. 17, 1855 ; and So- phia S., March 15, 1858. Her marriage with Mr. lames W. Kays, to which happy union has been borne two children, took place Aug. 14, 1864. The eldest, James R. Kays, was born March 6, 1868, and Fannie S., Dec. 2, 187 1. The death of Mr. George High, son of Mrs. Kays' first union, was the result of hydrophobia, he only surviving seven weeks from the date of the attack. During tlie late war Mr. Kays enlisted in his country's cause, Oct. 14, 1861, and was mustered in at Chicago in Co. K, 55th 111. Vol. Inf., under Col. Stewart and Capt. Joseph Black. He was at once ordered to St. Louis, where he remained two weeks, and then proceeded to Paducah, Ky., where his reg- iment remained four weeks. He was engaged in the battle of Shiioh, which was the first the regiment ' engaged in, and next participated in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, near Vicksbarg, where the regi- ment was stationed six days. We next find him at Arkansas Post, and from thence he went to Cham- pion Hills, and was afterwards in the assa'ilt on Haines Bluff. After the surrender of Vicksburg, he took part in the seige of Jackson, Miss., then un- der Slierman to Kenesaw Mountains, where he re- ceived a dangerous wound in the left thigh and was conveyed to the field hospital, then to Altona, where he remained four weeks. This occurred June 27, 1864, but again we find him on duty Jan. 13, at Savanah, Ga. At the surrender of Gen. Lee he was in pursuit of Johnston, and when that joyful news was received he was glad to be mustered out, which was done at Little Rock, Ark., Aug. 14, 1865, and discharged at Camp Douglas, Chicago. He has the good fortune to be at present drawing a pen- sion from the Government. Mr. Kays is the possessor of 141 acres of very fair land and an excellent two-story dwelling house. He is doing a mi.xed farming business and is considered very successful in his calling. Himself and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, all in good standing and in thorough sympathy wilh their communion. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Lodge 185, at Abingdon, he having been created a Mason in 1863. As a member of the G. A. R., Post, 58, at Abingdon, he has won to him- self the esteem and good will of his fellow members. On entering the army he took position as " high private," but was made First Lieutenant March 24, 1865, at Goldsboro, N. C. He was subsequently mustered in as Captain, on May 2r, 1865. This lat- ter promotion was given him at Louisville, Ky., and the commission was held by him until he was mus- tered out of the service. His regiment, as history will show, performed as much hard service as any one of the regular army. At Shiioh it lost 45 men, nine officers wounded, one officer killed, and 192 men wounded, besides those taken prisoners, who numbered 26, the whole number of casualties reached a grand total of 273 "len. He has always been a Democrat. -^ -¥-¥ ^ ILr. Sylvester Foster is a leading citizen jl^^^L and prominent druggist of Oneida, and 3 1(1^"^ came to Knox County in June, 1851. He ' f^ stopped on a farm in Maquon Townshii), ^ where his father, Richard Foster, had settled s about one year before, having come from High- ^ land County, Ohio. The father was a native of Bed- I , ford County, Pa., where he was born in 180 1. He was reared there as a farmer, and married Nancy J 1 Shreves, the daughter of a neighbor. She was born 1 in or about the year 1802, and like her husband, was I of American parentage and descent, and a child of a farmer. Soon after their marriage they went to Highland County, Ohio, crossing the country in a small wagon, in which was conveyed all of their earthly possessions, and with brave and dauntless hearts entered into a veritable wilderness, in which to carve out their fortune. Here they reared a family and prospered. Twelve children were born to them, of whom the present Dr. F. was the eldest but one ; I three of the children died when very young. Of the 1 nine children living, all are now married except ' one daughter, who lives with and tenderly cares for the aged father, now 84 years old, living in retire- ment at Wallace, Knox County, calmly awaiting, as 1 the Patriarch of old " To join the innumerable throng I that moves to the mysterious realm." This now venerable man, secured and improved a good farm and acquired considerable wealth. The good pio- neer mother passed away about the year 1859. Dr. Foster, when grown to manhood, had only a -:|:^ •*-?■ r^ 196 XJVOX CO 17 AT TV. limited education, but like many others of native en- ergy and talents, and innate ability, has gained a a large knowledge and the practical cultivation of a self-made man. In 1846 when war was declared against Mexico, and his couniry called her sons to arms, our hero not then of age, enlisted in the Amer- ican Army under Col. George W. Morgan, (now a noted politician of Mt. Vernon, Ohio,) joined Co. C, 2nd Ohio Vol. Inf., commanded by Capt. Arick. He participated in some of the minor engagements be- tween the opposing forces, and was made Corporal pre- vious to his discharge at New Orleans, in July, 1847. Returning home he next went to Marion, Grant Co., Ind., and served an apprenticeship at the carpen- ters' trade, under one Mr. Dillon. His next move- ment was taking charge of a hotel at Wabashtown, Ind., which he conducted for some time, and which he abandoned when he came to his father's home in Knox County, in 1851. Here he followed his trade for some time, establishing a shop later, in 1854, at Round Top, Fulton County, 8 miles west of Farmington, where he worked as wagon mechanic for two years. From this place, in the winter of 1856-57, he removed to Fairview, where he clerked in a general store, and two years later returned to the paternal roof tree, where he remained about two years. In 1859 our subject went to Avon, and there be- gan to study medicine under the tuition of Dr. Roe, one of the leading members of the medical profession there. He continued there until the winter of 185 i- 52, at which time he attended lectures at Rush Med- ical College, Cnicago. Returning to Avon he opened a drug store, which he conducted until the spring of 1863, when he went to Galesburg, and engaged in the same business. In this he continued for some time, but eventually sold out and opened a grocery on Prairie Street, in that city, running it a year and a half. In the spring of 1866 he came to Oneida and established a drug store, which was burned out, after which he began in the drug and notion business at his present location. He owns four business houses, one of the finest residences in the cit)', and also runs two farms in Ford County, and one in Sedgwick County, Kans., all improved. Dr. Foster was married March 5, 1867, in Fulton County, 111., to Miss Mary DeWitt, a native of Belvi- dere, N. J. Her father died when she was but an nfant, and while yet a little child she came to 'X Illinois with her mother and grandparents, living in Fairview, Fulton County, for most of the time up to the date of her marriage. She is the mother of five children, namely : Carl, DeWitt, Don, Madge and May, deceased. Dr. Foster is a solid Democrat and an active local politician, but no office seeker. He has followed a wide-awake, enterprising and success- ful business career, crowned with the cheering pres- ence of wife, children and friends, and whether as soldier, mechanic, hotel-keeper, student, farmer, druggist or citizen, has always played his part in the drama of life, maintaining that rigid independence of character for which the old Pennsylvania stock from which he sprang are distinguished. Popular with all, his enterprise and public spirit are recognized and appreciated by his neighbors, whose good wishes and liberal patronage he enjoys. Wl^avid Mooers. One of the most industri :Sm8 ous and energetic citizens of Knox County, and prominent for his skill in the business 'K he conducts, is David Mooers. He is among the most thorough and adroit of his trade and calling, which is that of a blacksmith and farmer. This latter branch he conducts on section 9, of Rio Township, where his pleasant home stands. The gentleman in question was born in Franklin County, Ohio, May 8, 1820, from which part of the country he went, at the age of 15, to Genesee County, N. Y. Here he lived for five years, with his uncle and others of his own blood, and from this point came to Licking County Ohio. In this section of the country he served as an apprentice to the trade of blacksmithing, which he has followed in connection with his agricultural pursuits, nearly ever since. On coming from Genesee County he settled in Rio Township, on land purchased in 1843, which in- cluded 80 acres, and was located on section 9. He is now the owner of 80 acres, besides a small timber lot of 5 acres. Mr. Mooers, on the 3d of October, 1844, united in matrimony with Harriet Bragg, who was born in Southern Virginia, April 25, 1820, and the result of this union was four children, all of whom are dead, viz. : Loammi, Mary A., Frances and Elias B. Elias departed this life May, 31, 1875, in the full flush KNOX COUNTY. ■— ^ 197 and vigor of healthful manhood, having reached the age of 26 years. Besides his own family, he left to mourn his loss a wife, whose maiden name was Jose- phine Epperson, daughter of Samuel Epperson. Elias was the only one who lived to attain-manliood, the other children all dying in infancy. Mrs. Mooers is the daughter of Elias and Polly (Bryant) Bragg. They were natives of Virginia, as likewise their fathers before them. The grandfather of Mrs. M., Mr. Bryant, was in the War of Inde- pendence, under the immediate command of Gen. Washington, and for a time acted as his Private Sec- retary. Her father, Elias Bragg, was an officer in tlie War of 1812. He was a cousin of Gen. Bragg, of the late Civil War. The parents of Mr. Mooers were Loammi and Maria A. (Bartlett) Mooers. On the paternal side Mr. M. is of Scotch Irish origin, and on the maternal side of English ancestry. The father of Mr. Mooers, Loammi, was in the War of 1812, serving in the ca- pacity of fife major. His father, David Mooers, was Inspector of the Springfield gun factory during the War of 1812. Jacob Swain, the great-grandfather of Mr. Mooers, was of one the Minute Men, of Revolu- tionary times. Mr; Mooers, of this sketch, is a man of sound practical judgment and logical common sense, and is well liked for his straitforward and trite dealings with his patrons and friends. He is upright in business trafisactions and respected for his integrity and hon- esty of character. He is a member of the Odd Fel- lows' Fraternity, and affiliates with the Democratic party, with which he is politically identified. -^->'>^:5^t^^t7<^- [homas B. Mount, resides on section 17, Cedar Township, and is pursuing farming operations. He was born in Ohio, in War- ren County, Aug. 21, 1815, and until he at- tained to his majority, lived with his parents working on the farm, and at the same time at- tending the district school. He is the son of Ralph and Lucy (Barber) Mount. The date of his father's birth is unknown, but it is certain that he came to Illinois in 1845 and located in this (Cedar) Township. By the nnion there were four children: T. B. Mount, born in 1815, Nancy, Susan, and one dying in in- fancy, William being the last. Mr. Ralph Mount the father of the present gentleman was married for the second time to Hannah Templeton, who was a native of Maryland, and by this wife he had seven children : Richard, Caroline, Emily, Francis, Charlie and John, (twins) and Rebecca. Mr. Mount, who inspires this history, married Miss Elizabetii McCollough, Dec. 3, 1835. She was a native of Ohio, and born April 26, r8i5, her decease taking place in Sept. 1873. By this deserving union there were seven children : Su- san J., born April 6, 1837; Sidney, Oct. 30, 1839; Jane, Aug. 7, 184 r ; William, March 27, 1843; Emory July 28, 1858; Lucy T., Jan. 2, 1854, and Perry, Sept. 22, 1850. Of these children only one now sur- vives, Sidney, M., now living near Cameron, Warren County, 111 He married MaryB. Carson, widow of Furman Car- son, to whom she was married Nov. 18, 1852. Her first husband being a native of Ohio, and born Jan. 15, 1827, in Warren County. Mr. Mount's present wife was united to him April 5, T874, and was a na- tive of Erie County, Pa., where she was born Aug. r3, 1831. Her parents were Walter and Rachael (Lyon) Greenwood. They were natives of Pennsyl- vania and New York respectively. He was born in Carlisle, Pa., in r798, while her birth took place in 1805, her death occurring in Erie County, Pa., Jan. 12, 1874. By the union there were eight children, viz. : Sarah E., Mary E., Elizabeth, who died in in- fancy, Thomas, Grace, L. Greenwood, Arthur and Annett. Mr. Greenwood, the father of these chil- dren, is still living in Erie County Pa. Situated in this county there are 150 acres of improved land, at present the property of Mr. Mount, of this biography. He erected a very fine dwelling house one and one- half story high, in 1868. He has also a very suit- able barn, 24 x 48 feet. Mr. M. is a member of the Protestant Meth- odist Episcopal Churcii, in which institution his in- erest has steadily grown. At present he is engaged in breeding some fine Short-horns, as well as 5 Polo Angus cattle.' By her first husband, Mr. Furman M. Carson, Mrs. Mount had four children : Norton W., born July n, 1854, and died July 24, 1855 ; Ida D., born Jan. i, 1856, died Nov. 12, 1863; Albert, born Jan. r, 1858, and Ella May 15, 1868. Of tliese children Albert Carson married Miss Ella Huniiston, and lives in Iroquois County, III., and by t KNOX COUNTY. ■^"-r the union one child has been born. Mr. Mount is a very genial gentleman and solid friend with all those who have won his confidence. William Mount became a soldier in the last war, having entered the 55th regiment, but was killed Aug. 4, 1864. ->M££r©-^^— ^^ J^;WUtnytn. tOlney C. Steadman may be quoted as one of the most active and successful farmers of this county, and is now residing on section 'J)" 8, Ontario Township, where he has made his ( home since the year 1855. At that time he en- tered the county and began a series of earnest efforts toward the founding of a homestead. He has been so far successful as to have accumulated a large and desirable propeity of 300 acres, a portion of which is situated on section i, and at the time of its first occupation by the present owner, it was largely wild and unbroken. > ; . u ■ Mr. Steadman was born in Jefferson Cou'ity, "N. Y., March 16, 1825. His father, Nathan Steadman, was a farmer, and came of New England ancestry and of English extraction. He lived the larger part of his life in Oswego County, N. Y., where he settled after his marriage to Lucy Chapin, a younglady from Oswego County, N. Y. They lived on a farm in that county till the death of the father, which occurred while Volney was yet a youth. The mother removed to Illinois in the year 1878, and entered the home of her son, where she remained till 1880, during which year she died, at the mature age of 80. Nine children were the result of her marriage with Mr. Steadman, of whom the subject and Chalcy are the only two now surviving. The latter lives in York County, Neb., where he has proven extremely suc- cessful in agricultural pursuits. After the death of his father, Volney was supplied with employment by many of the neighbors, and for some lime remained in that section. In the year 1855, he resolved to " Go West, " and in pursuance thereof he came to Illinois, and purchased 80 acres, which is now his home. Mr. Steadman returned to his own county for the purpose of uniting witli the lady of choice, Miss Amanda J. Prescott, to whom he was married Feb. 4. 1856. She was born in New Hartford, Oneida County, in 1832. There she passed her childhood years in the home of her parents, who were farmers and early settlers in that section. Her union with Mr. Steadman has resulted in the birth of four chil- dren, they having lost one: Ida, wife of B. F. Ely, has a pleasant home in Van Buren County, Iowa. Her husband is a farmer and successful in his voca- tion ; Clara remains at home with her parents; Les- ter P., also lives at home. Their youngest child, Ada, whom they lost by death, was five years of age. In addition to his landed possessions in the State of Illinois, Mr. Steadman has, by perseverance, econ- omy and thrift, secured land in 1;he State of Iowa, as well as in Dakota Ter. He has held the office of Road Commissioner for ten years, and is an active and alert thinker on political topics. He is a Re- publican in belief, and both he and his wife are mem- bers, regularly enrolled on the records of the Baptist Church. He has held many of the offices in the Church and is now Trustee and Treasurer of that .congregation. \ illiam A. Yates, an old and respected cit. izen of Ontario Township, is a bright and %&^f-^ ' pleasing example of a successful farmer. ^ His home is located on section 22. He is the son of John Yates, a farmer, and a native of the State of Virginia. He was of Irish descent and his marriage with Nancy Shields, who was of the same ancestry, took place in that State, and they began life in Berkly County, in which their son, Wil- liam A., was born March 12, 1814. He was about eight years of age when his parents came to Dela- ware, Ohio, where they passed the remaining years of life. Mr. Yates was the oldest son of a family of eight children He remained under the family roof up to the time of his marriage with Mary Finley, Nov. 9, 1848. She died at her home in Ontario Township, June 16, 1859. She was born on a farm in Delaware County, Ohio. Her parents were native Virginians. She was the mother of five children, as follows: Emily, deceased; John, Elizabeth, Mary and Margaret. The latter is deceased. Mr. Yates, on first coming to this State, remained but a few months and then returned to Ohio. Com- "J" LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF fLUHmS -y^f^ lWi(| J^. cJi. QlJcA^-oCu^ LIBRARV or THE UNIVERSITV OF ILIINOIS KNOX COUNTY. ing West the second time, he settled in Knox County, and went back to bring his wife to his new home. He purchased land in Ontario Township, consisting of i6o acres He afterward purchased 20 acres in Sparta Township, and i6 in Henderson Township In 1855, he purchased the farm which is his present home. He now has 160 acres of la.id in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Yates married Miss Marcia Gaston for his second wife, in Delaware County, Ohio. She was born in Delaware County, Ohio, June 14, 1S30, and in that section was reared and educated. Her par- ents lived on a farm and her father, James Gaston, was of Scotch origin, and her mother, Lois (Jones) Gaston, a native of the State of New Hampshire. They established a home in Delaware County, where they lived out their remaining years. The grandfather of Mrs. Yates, on her mother's side, was Solomon Jones, a noble old warrior and an officer in the Rev- olutionary War. The union of Mr. and Mrs Yates, of this notice, has been blessed with two children : Nancy C, who lives with her parents ; and Electa, a most success- ful and popular teacher. They-are both Presbyter- ians in belief. Mr. Yates has held many of the minor offices, and is one of the most enterprising cit- izens of the township. He is a solid Republican and takes a lively interest in politics and affairs of State. ^X^ srljf,|% efferson M. Dawdy. Resident within the vj^aj^" ijorders of Knox County may be found f'' many men whose good citizenship and practical ability entitles them to a high place on her records. Among the more prominent of these may be reckoned the subject of this personal narrative, a farmer residing on section 17, of Indian Point Township, and who is the possessor of 330 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. His predilection for agricultural pursuits has caused turn to be especially successful in his chosen line of labor. Mr. Dawdy was born in Hart County, Ky., in 1812, on the 24th of January, and at the age of 20, in the year 1832 he came to the State of Illinois. Here he continued four months, and at the expira- tion of that time returned to the State of his nativity. In 1847 he removed here with his family, this being the third trip he made to Illinois. The father of our subject, James by name, and his mother, Margaret (Morse) Dawdy, were both natives of the State of South Carolina, he being born in 1776, and she in 1775. They both died in the State of Illinois, the former in 1851 and the latter in 1855. They were devoted and worthy members of the Bap- tist Church, and lived the doctrines of iis faith in their daily lives. In political belief Mr. Dawdy was a Democrat, and supported that party in sentiment and by vote. The fruits of this union were nine children, as fol- lows : John, Jane, Phoebe, Isabelle, Mary, Elizabeth, wife of Isaac .\tterbury, and lives in Missouri; How- ell, Jefferson, of this personal sketch, and Nancy, who died at twenty-five years of age. Jefferson was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Amos, their nuptials being celebrated May 7, 1834. Mrs. Dawdy was born October 15, 1815, in Kentucky, and was the daughter of Erasmus and Mancy (Smith) Amos, both natives-of Kent;icky. Her father entered this life in I'jSSj-^nd .passed to the life beyond Aug. 7, 183b*.' Hef mother' first saw the light of day in 1802, and departed this life in 1852, having lived half a century. Howell Dawdy, the grandfather of the Dawdy family, was in the War of the Revolution. James Monroe, his brother-in-law, was in the War of 18 [2. Mr. and Mrs. Dawdy of this writing have a large family circle, which includes eleven children of whose lives the following brief summary is given : Cassan- dria was born May 5, t835, and united in marriage with E Meadows, who died in 1858, and she remar- ried, this time to James Cooper, June 17, i860; Mary J. was born April 13, 1837 ; and Feb. 16, 1858, at the age of twenty-one, married R. Bell, now of the Chicago & Alton Railroad; James was born Nov. I, 1838, and wedded Adelia Hampton, Nov. 15, 1859; John W., was born March 25, 1840, and united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Jane Latimer, March 25, 1867; Samuel M. was born March 17, 1842, and united in marriage with Kittie Cooper, Nov. 15, 1863; Sarah E. was born Feb. 27, 1844, and united in wedlock with Frank M. Hamp- ton, Dec. 3, t86i ; Harriet was born April 16, 1846, and married Matthew Allen, Sept. 10, 1865, and, los- ing her husband by death, again wedded, her second r^J^ V -H^ ^? KNOX COUNTY. matrimonial connection being formed with Mr. Frank Stubbs, March 8, 1876; Louisa was born May 28, 1 85 1, and died at the early age of seven, April 25, 1858; Angeline, born Aprils, 1853, died after at- taining five years, at the most interesting period of Childhood; Adelina F., born Aug. 8, 1855, died May 8, 1858, having barely passed infancy; Althea R. Bell was born June 16, 1857, and united in marri- age with Horace Morse, Nov. 26, 1875 ; Samuel M. died in 1865 in California, in the first flush of man- hood, having attained only to the age of twenty- three: They have twenty-nine grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Mr. Dawdy, as previously stated, has a large and finely cultivated farm, and to his vocation he has added the raising of Short-horn cattle, all of which are registered, and of which he has a herd of 65 head. Among these is a splendid bull called Young Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Dawdy are helpful and kindly friends and neighbors, are hospitable in the e.xtreme, and good cheer is always found within their well- ordered household. They are active members of the If Christian Church, of Abingdon, 111., and show forth the noble principles of love and faith as taught by the life of Jesus. Mr. Dawdy has had an opportun- ity of watching the fluctuations in politics, as he cast his first vote for Jackson in 1832. He is a Democrat of the Jeff"ersonian school. He bought land here where he now lives in 1847. He came out in 1832 to join the forces to put down the Black Hawk War. He and William Atterbury came from Kentucky, on horseback, a distance of 400 miles, but on their ar- rival here were too late. Black Hawk was captured and his forces driven over the river — the war was over. Young Dawdy had but $5 when he started, and had to go to work for John Strum, mowing grass at 50 cents per acre, and afterwards worked for a man by name of Dorsey ; then went to McClean County, where he had a brother, and shelled corn for him and then returned home. He has been liere 46 years. Mr. Dawdy is certainly deserving of great credit for the splendid results of his life-work. He came here in an early day possessing no other legacy than a warm heart, willing hands, good judgment and an excellent faithful helpmeet. By these, encouraged, and strengthened by an abiding faith in the future de- velopment and greatness of this section of the country; by an affectionate and dutiful family of children which sprang up around him, and wearing, above all and through all the trials and labors a love for the world's " Great Teacher " and " Burden Bearer" he felt strong. What a blessing to a com- munity such examples of Christian love, faith and | fortitude are, as displayed in the lives of Mr. and Mrs. Dawdy, with all their influence for good ! Eter- nity can only tell. We feel that in presenting the portraits in this vol- ume of these excellent people, their numerous friends will be gratified in thus possessing such mementos of two of the best and most highly respected husband and wife, father and mother, and friends in Knox County. iW «' illiam A. Neill. One of the wealthiest 'llfeSl'' '"^'-' '^''ost influential farmers of Cedar f.'"'''^ Township, owning an extensive property ;. on section 27, is William A. Neill, spoken of. at the head of this notice. He is a breeder of ^ fine stock, including Polled Angus cattle, , and among them 29 thorough-breds and grades. He^ makes a specialty of fine blooded-stock, and paid $1,600 for two calves, the finest of their breed, with which to start this branch of business. He owns 150 acres of land in a high state of cultivation, on which stands a handsome residence, convenient and attractive. Every improvement has been devised to make Pleasant View Farm, by which his place is known, a desirable home. Mr. Neill was born in Morrow County, Ohio, March 13, 1847, and is the son of Josiah and Jus- tine A. (Ashton) Neill. The former parent was born in Washington County, Pa., in 1812, and his demise occurred Jan. 21, 1872, the birth of the lat- ter occurred in Columbia County, Ohio, July 23, 1818. The mother still lives, making her home in the State of Ohio. Her marriage with Mr. Neill oc- curred in 1840, in that State, the issue of which was seven children: Phebe E., Richard T., Omar D., William A., Barak, Jonathan W. and Mary W., all of whom are living at the present writing. The union of Mr. William A. Neill, our subject, with Lucy T., daughter of Thomas Mount, ocurred March 26, 1874. She was born in 1854. and after entering her new home and enjoying for a short sea- son the pleasant associations that clustered around % .y 4H- KNOX COUNTY. 203 the fire side of the newly married pair, she departed this life June 12, 1S76, leaving in the care of the be- reaved husband one child, a son, wlio was born May 2, 1875, and who passed away from earth the Sep- tember following his mother's death. Two years previously, to a day, occurred the death of Mrs. Neill's sister, of the same dread disease, consump- tion, which so early deprived her of life and home. When a little girl Mrs. Neill was converted to the Christian religion, and received as a member of the Church in good and regular standing, but during the interval between that age and womanhood she let slip some of the strong faith of her early profession. Possessed of a true and loving disposition, and nojle, unselfish attributes, she endeared herself to friends and neighbors, and before passing from earth regained the unquestioning contidence and love of childish years, closing her eyes to things of earth without a fear, her last words being " Tell father to meet me in Heaven." On the 4th of July 1877, Mr. Neill contracted a second matrimonial alliance. Miss Harriet M. Whil- taker, of Indian Point Township, Knox County, being the other party. She was born in Clinton County, Ohio, and died May. 14, 1878, 18 days af- ter the birth of her son, Emis Omar, born April 26, 1878. She was a devoted member of the Christian Church, at Abingdon, 111., was in disposition ex- tremely affectionate and confiding, and the pet of the neighborhood as well as a devoted faithful wife. She was a daughter of Ephraim and Mary Whit- , taker, into whose home Mr. Neill removed in the ' hour of his great bereavement. He closed his own house and placed his child under the guardianship : of her parents, who by devoted care and attention brought the little boy to the years of healthful child- hood. He remained with them 17 months. Mr. Neill's union with Miss Cornelia J. Hurshaw, of McDonough County, occurred Aug. 22, 1880, and I to him she has borne three children, namely : Cather- ine J., born May 23, 1881 ; Mary E., March 9, t883 'and Samuel J., April 21, 1885. She is the daughter ■^amuel and Catherine (Botienburg) Hurshaw, both •ives of Ohio. The parents of the former re- ;:.oved to Indiana when he was a small boy, from which place they removed to McDonough County en he was 13 years of age. His wife was born in state of Illinois; the union being productive of -.xchildren.namely: Jacob, A., Nancy J., Sarah E.T., Mary E., Henry L. and Neely, the present wife of Mr. Neill. Mr. Hurshaw lived near Prairie City 23 years; then removed to Industry Township, McDon- ough County, where he now lives. Mr. Neill experienced religion at the age of 24 years, and his wife accepting the Word of Life as found in Christ Jesus, identified herself with the Free Methodist Episcopal Church, of which she is a consistent member. Of educational advantages Mr. Neill has been deprived in no way ; he attended school at Mt. Hesper, Ohio, and Central College for several years, and Nov. 19, 1870, came to Abingdon and began his labors as a pedagogue in District No. 6, Cedar Township, where he continued six months, removing next to an adjoining district in Warren County, where he labored nine months. At the end of this time his services were re-engaged, and he re- mained there five years, returning subsequently to District No. 6, where he again taught 16 months, closing his labors in school work, he turned his atten- tion to agricultural pursuits, at which he has since continued. He is a clear-minded, thinking man, fornieily a Re- publican, but at the present time a supporter of the "^ Prohibition party. He claims his first religious im- pression was received while reading his morning les- son in the day school, but he was formerly educated in the Quaker religion. Later he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, but is at this time an active mem- ber and class-leader of the Free Methodist Episco- pal Church. IjpHwibert B. Cochrun. Late Postmaster of ^ g^J T Abingdon, also Notary Public and served -|^^°^ as Police Magistrate from 1S67 till 187 1. J'.}a is the gentleman, the outlines of whose per- \^ sonal history are herein given. He is an act I ive public worker, and ix)litically, a wide-awake Republican. Mr. Cochrun was born in Putnam County, Ohio, June 9, 1838, and is the son of Josiah C. and Sarah A. (Capron) Cochrun. His father was born near Lexington, Ky., and his mother is a native of the State of Rhode Island. They claim, respect- ively, Scotch and English lineage. His mother was descended in a direct line from Banfield Capron, who emigrated from England to America prior to the Rev- olutionary struggle. When a child of three years, 4-3- 4= ■• mX ^ 204 XJVOX COUNTY. Mr. Cochrun of this sketch, moved to Southern In- diana, under the guardianship of his parents, and when grown to a boy of 12 years, a second removal on the part of his parents brought him to Abingdon. Albert B. engaged at work upon a farm until he attained to the age of 18 years. He received his ear- lier education in the common schools, and subse- quently attended Hedding College, after which he taught one year. His next business movement was collecting and insurance work, which he followed un- til his appointment to the office of Postmaster, by the Postmaster-General, in 1869, under the Presi- dency of Grant ; he entered upon his duties in April, 1869. He has since been appointed by Presidents Grant, Hayes and Arthur, holding this position through subsequent years up jto recent a date. He has discharged all duties resulting from his position in the most creditable manner, and by his affable and courteous treatment of the public has gained many friends. He sent in his resignation as Postmas- ter and is about to remove to Scott County, Kansas. STjif aeob Aekerman. Among the more impor- ai;.r tant business men and influential citizens 'fW^ of Knoxville, stands the gentleman whose name heads this biographical sketch and the ^F principal points of whose personal history are "* herein detailed He is identified as an act- ive, working member of society, and is popular in consequence of his strictly upright dealing and his courteous and affable treatment of all with whom he comes in contact. He was born in Germany, Feb. i, 1829, and is the son of Lorenzo and Rachael Acker- man, both natives of Germany. In the year 1830, his father came with his wife and family to America, and settled in Columbiana County, Ohio. By trade, he was a tanner, and at his occupation he continued working in the State of Pennsylvania, the place where he pursued his vocation being but a short dis- tance from his home in Ohio. After a brief time spent at this work he went to Youngstown, Ohio, where he continued until he was called from earth lo cross the River of Death. This occurred in 1839, when our subject, Jacob, was but ten years of age, and the mother was left with a large family on her ^ -yi hands. To lighten the doniestic burden, Jacob went into the home of a farmer in Columbiana County, re- ceiving for his boyish labor the mere pittance of 32.50 per month, through the summer months. In the winter he attended the district school and con- tinued at farming until he reached the age of 16, when he was apprenticed to a shoemaker at Poland, Ohio, whom he served faithfully for three and a half years. Working as journeyman until 185 i, in May he came to Illinois, landing at Rock Island, and from there going to Davenport, Iowa, he followed his trade till October. 1851, when he came to Knoxville. In this town he worked as a shoemaker until the spring of 1852, when, attacked with the " gold fever," — that mirage that proved the destruction and downfall of so many mistaken mortals — he started overland to Crlifornia with ox teams, landing in Sacramento, September 7, after a journey of five months. After working at gardening in Sacramento for one month, he started for the mines in Calaveras County, in which he labored with but moderately fair suc- cess and finally grew extremely restricted in the matter of finances. Whenever this occured, he went back to the city, worked for a time, replenished hisW pocketbook and returned to the mines. In 1854 he came to Knoxville, via Panama and New York, and on the 25 th of December of that year, united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Jane Tingle, who was born in Marion County, Ohio, and was a daughter of Henry and Harriet (Parker) Tingle. Following his marriage he engaged in journeyman work, which he continued up to December, 1855, at which time he opened a shop with C. L. Stewart as associate part- ner. These two continued in business together for 12 months, when an interest was bought in it by James Boyd, he purchasing half the slock. This firm lasted till 1861, when Mr. Aekerman sold out his in- terest and engaged with Stewart & Bassett, shoe manufacturers, remaining with them as their em- ployee for 12 months. At the end of this time he purchased the entire business from his employers and has continued in it ever since, showing himself to pwssess rare business tact and ability. Mr. Aekerman and wife have been given as the fruits of their union, eight children, five of whom are hving at the present time and who are by name, George W., John J., Fred L., Mabel H. and May J., and their family circle is a happy and pleasant one. Mr. Aekerman has ably demonstrated what unremit ^ I KNOX COUNTY. 205 ting and persevering labor will accomplish, and has shown forth the good old fashioned plan, "That he may gain who will, and he must keep who can." Mrs. Ackerman is a member of the Methodist Church. Mr. A. is a Republican. Tames Runkle is one of the most prosper- 1^ ous farmers in this county, and one of the leading citizens of Knox Township. His home, which he now occupies, is located on section 26, and includes a handsome set of substantial frame buildings with all modern conveniences. He gives his attention to the raising of the cereals, and also to the breeding of stock, more especially of horses. He has been markedly successful in his business, and his prudence and en- terprise have given him a rank among the financiers and able men of the community. Mr. Runkle was born in the city of Knoxville, Jan. 22, 1836, and is the eldest son of E and Nancy (Bowen) Runkle. His father was one of the oldest setders iii Knoxville, and was born in Water- vleitCentre, N. Y., Aug. 19, 1802, and was the sec- ond son of his parents. When a young man the father learned the trade of a millwright, at which he worked in Albany and Renssalaer Counties, until his removal to Knoxville. His first visit to this city was in 1834, but he re- turned from that trip, and in 1835, removed here, and in that year, accompanied by his brother Henry, he built a steam saw-mill, the first in Knox County. They soon after added a flouring-mill, and about this time his brother was elected County Clerk. Mr. Runkle managed the mill alone until 1845, when he sold out and turned his attention to farming. It was in this year that he settled on land which had pre- viously been entered for him by his brother, and was located on the east half of section 26. He at- tended to tlie improving of the land, had it broken and fenced, and a set of frame buildings erected ; all this being done before he went on the place. In 1854 he sold this most desirable home to Thomas R. Glisson, and moved to a a farm inside the corporate limits of the city of Knoxville, which he had purchased several years before. This he made his home up to the time of his death, which look place in 1865. He was widely mourned for his most esti- mable qualities and noble characteristics; and he left to sorrow for him his children and a widow, now resi- dent in Knoxville. These children were six in num- ber, and are as follows : Elizabeth, wliose home is with her mother; James, our subject, Mary H., wife of William Jones; Lucy, who wedded Capt. G. G. Stearns, whose home is on section 26, Knox Town- ship; George, who lives in GalesbuFg Townsliip, and Frank, deceased. The subject of this personal narrative was reared on a farm until after he was nine years of age, and allowed the educational privileges of the city schools. His marriage with Mahitable Caldwell took place Dec. 4, 1872. She was born in Knox County — Per- sifer Township — and was the daughter of Oliver and Desire (Manly) Caldwell, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter a native of York State. Three children were born to them, Daisy E., Lucy O. E. and Elroy. At the time of his marriage he settled on the farm which he now owns and occupies on section 26, to which he has added all the improvements previously spoken of. He has been extremely prosperous his undertakings, proving beyond doubt the good results of industry and economy. He is wide-awake in pohtical matters, and votes with the Democratic, party. mW Iti: saac Hunter. One of the most prominent citizens of Cedar Township and a pioneer farmer, living on section 23, came to the State of Illinois in tlie year 1839 and stopped in Peoria. He moved to the tract of land which is his present finely improved farm in Mr. Hunter was born in Berkshire County, Mass., Feb. 25, 1812, and is the son of Isaac and Rebecca (Brown) Hunter, both of New England. Isaac Hunter, Sr., was born in Massachusetts, Feb. 26, 1766. He was by occupation a farmer and died in the year 1845, at the age of 79 years. Rebecca Hunter, his wife, native of the same State, was born in Marcli, 1768, and died in 1856, having survived her husband 1 1 years, she attaining to the ripe age of 88 years. Their pleasant family circle included six children, three sons and three daughters: Rob- ert, John and Isaac, Rebecca, Betsey and Sarah, of ^■^^f-::^ •^^^^ 206 JCNOX COUNTY. whom only three now survive, viz. : Rebecca, Betsey and Isaac. Isaac Hunter, Jr., wliile in the early vigorof man- hood, wedded Miss Julia A. Jordan, Nov. 14, 1837, who was a native of Massachusetts, and the dite of her birth 181 1. She lived to attain middle age only, dying in the prime of life, at 42 years of age, in the year 1853. One child, an only son, Kirk J., was born to them July 9, 1838. He still survives and was married to Miss Elizabeth Andrews, March 28, 1861. By this marriage Kirk J. is the father of II cl.ildren, namely: John, born Jan. ig, 1862; Ju- lia L., Jan. 12, 1846; Benjamin D., April 8, 1866; Mary J., April 12, 1868; Isaac T., July 28, 1870; Kirk, Aug. 22, 1872; Samantha J., Nov. 8, 1874; Henry F., July 3, 1877 ; Almina E., Dec. 30, 1879; Madison R., July 27, 1883; and Jessie E., Oct. 20, 1885. The second matrimonial alliance of our subject was with Miss Jane Johnson — Dec. 14, 1855 — a na- tive of Ireland, and who died Aug. 15, 18S2. Mr. Hunter was then united in marriage to Mrs. Lucinda Andrews, relict of Thomas Andrews, who died July '10, 1883. She was born April 15, 1812, in Jefferson County, Ohio, and her marriage to Thomas Andrews took place June 9, 1831. He was a nativeof Che- nango County, N. Y., and the year of his birth was 1808. He came to the State of Illinois in 1841, and was identified as one of the early settlers of Knox County. To him and his wife were born 1 1 chil- dren, as follows : Mary, born April 18, 1832; Hen- rietta, May 10, 1834; James in 1836; Benjamin, June I, 1838; Almina, Sept. 4, 1840; Elizabeth in 1842; Martin, Feb. 12, 1845; Harriet, March 21, 1847 ; Wesley, March 13, 1850; Samantha, Jan. 30, 1852; and Albert, May 31, 1855. Elizabeth mar- ried Kirk J. Hunter, March 17, 1859. He is the son of Isaac Hunter, Jr.; Mary Andrews married Jan. 15, 1852; Benjamin married Emily Twitchell, March 17, 1859; Almina married Joseph Moore; the mar- riage of James took place Dec. 10, 1874; Elizabeth and James are the only two surviving members of this family of children. The landed possessions of Mr. Hunter of this sketch include 277 acres of highly cutlivated land. In the fall of 1841, he, with his brother, Jordan, drove 1,000 sheep across the country from Massa- chusetts to Knox County, 111., taking 122 days to make the trip. He is estimated by his neighbors as possessing that energetic enterprise characteristic of the pioneer, as he entered the county while the country at large was still a wilderness and erected a small log house, in which he lived for two years, and there laid the foundation of his present desirable home. Success has crowned his efforts towards prosperity, and he is one of the leading members of the neighborhood in which he lives. He has served on the Agricultural Board for a number of years and is a useful and worthy man. He is a member of the Congregational Church, while Mrs. Hunter worships under the Methodist Episcopal faith. Her name is enrolled on the records of this Church at Abingdon , 111. Politically, Mr. Hunter is a Republican, the sentiments of which party he has upheld many years. He has a keen appreciation of the growth and advancement of the country at large, and recol- lects the lime when Peoria numbered only 750 and Chicago 7,000 inhabitants. ndrew B. Anderson, senior member of the banking firm of Anderson & Murdock, is ^^ one of the most active and prominent citi- zens of Oneida. He came to Knox County from the Province of Ontario, Canada, late in the month of May, 1852, first stopping in the village of Victoria, where he engaged in blacksmith- ing, a trade he had learned from his father, James. The father was born, raised and also learned his trade and was married in his native Ayershire, Scot- land, espousing Mary Borland, both being of old Scottish ancestry and parentage. The result of the above marriage was six daughters and three sons, Andrew being the third child; one of the daughters died in Scotland and four in Knox County ; the eld- est son, John, never came to America, but becoming and eminent mechanic and operating extensively in his own country, went to Russia, where he was em- ployed as master mechanic, and located in St. Pe- tersburg, where he now resides, one of the most successful of mechanics. James, another brother, is a prominent farmer in Page County, Iowa. Mr. Anderson's parents, after raising their family, left Scotland and came to America in the summer of i860, and commenced living with their son in Copley Township, where they both died, the father in 1866 and the mother in 1870, having both been prominent ^ DC! ^' KNOX COUNTY. 207 and active members of the Presbyterian Church all their lives. They were brought up within two or three miles of the home of Robert Burns, the grand- father, Andrew Borland, having been a verj' aged man when he died, was most likely acquainted with the Scottish bard, living, as they did, so near to each other. Mr. A. of this sketch was born in the parish of Sorn, Ayershire, Sept. 10, 1832, his early education bein? such as was given young Scottish students of that period, usually limited. When strong enough, he assisted his father in his shop till 18 years of age, when he sailed with an acquaintance for Canada, stopping two years in Paris, Ontario, working at his trade till leaving for Knox County. He came from Victoria to Oneida in the summer of 1857, following his calling as a blacksmith till 1S64. He was mar- ried Dec. 2 1, i860, in this city, to Miss Marj- Mc- Quie, a native of Scotland, where her father, Alex- ander, died when she was quite young, and in 1857, with her mother and other members of the family, she came to America and to Knox County, where the mother died some years later. Mrs Anderson was educated in the public schools and under the excel- lent discipline of a Presbyterian mother. She is now herself mother of five children, three living : William H., John H. and Mary Ella, all at home. Chariie and .\nna passed away when quite young. In 1864 Mr. Anderson entered into partnership with Mr. H. Wright, in the hardware business, which they conducted for some years, in the meantime en- gaging considerably in other enterprises, earning money and prospering. In 1874 he engaged in the banking business alone, till the winter of 1876, when he and Mr. Murdock, who separately conducted the same business, combined tlieir interests under the firm name of Anderson & Murdock, styling their business " The Oneida Exchange Bank. " Both Mr. and Mrs. Anderson worship in the Presbyterian Church. In [X)litics he is a firm Democrat. He has been a member of the City Council and is now Township Treasurer, having held the latter oflSce for eight years. There is in the brief history of .Mr. Anderson's life, a mine of example and instruction for the youth who may chance to read this sketch, which they might study and imitate with the best re- sults. Since his ver)- boyhood he has been a model of industry, sobriety and integrity, constantly and usefully employed, traits for which so many of the X prosperous citizens of Knox County are noted. And it will be a fortunate circumstance for the youth of America and for their country when they shall come to learn more generally and practice more assidu- ously the sterling virtues to which so many whose lives are portrayed in these pages are indebted for their prosperity, success and happiness, and among whom there is no more striking example than that to be found in the career of .Andrew B. .\nderson. Sur- rounded by wife, children and hosts of friends, he is indeed a fortunate man, and the result of character and habits as above mentioned. Socially he is a member of the Oneida Lodge, No. 337,A. F. &A. M. ; also of Oneida Chapter, No. 173. He is besides a member of Oneida Lodge, No. 228, I. O. O. F. homas Newell. The Treasurer and one] , „,^^^,-, of the Trustees of Hedding College, at Ab- ' '^iS^ in£;don, and one of the originators of thel iSfi* People s Bank, of that town, is the subject of^ this brief biographical narrative. He was one of the prime movers or factors in the growth of Hedding College. He has held the position or Treasurer of Hedding College since June 1883, and was Financial Agent from that date to 1885. He has held the position of Trustee for six years, and his active management and wisdom as a financier have almost freed the College from a debt amounting to §20,000. Being known as a safe, conservative business man, the position of Financial Agent was warmly urged upon him at the time he accepted it. The funds were intrusted entirely to his judgment, and ensuing results have shown that the right man was chosen for the place, the debt having shrunk to a few thousand dollars. Mr. Newell was born in Brown County, Ohio, Sept. 19, 182 1, and is the son of Thomas and Mar- garet (Taylor) Newell. His father was a native of the same county and of Irish descent. His mother was of Scotch lineage and first saw the light in the Buckeye State. When Thomas was 13 years of age his parents, with him in charge, went to Parke County, Ind,, and made a settlement at Rockville, where at the age of 22, on Sept. 14, 1843, he united in wedlock with Louisa .M. Smith, daughter of Hec t ^^ 208 KNOX COUNTY. tor Smith, who claimed as her birth-place Vigo County, Ind. Into the home of Mr. and Mrs. Newell have come six children, cf whom the two eldest were born in Indiana and the others in Knox County. He re- moved from the State of Indiana, to Chestnut Town- ship, Knox County in 1848, in which section of country he has been engaged in farming. There he remained until Jan. 4, 1877, when he removed to Abingdon, in which town he has since resided. Of his family of children, Sarah A. is the wife of George Burnside, of Chestnut Township. John W. has been twice married and lives in Clarke County, Iowa ; his present wife was formerly Miss E. A. Roberts; Will- iam H. married Salina Meek, and lives in Indian Point Township ; Julia M. is the wife of Cornelius McFarland, of Clarke County, Iowa; Harriet E. wedded C. A. Lee and has a pleasant home in Al- bert Lea, Minn. ; Katie E. is a student in Hedding College and still remains under the parental roof. Mr. and Mrs. Newell are devoted and consistent members of the Metliodist Episcopal Church. He is politically a supporter of the Republican party, and is an active energetic citizen and no drone-in., the hive of life. He is one of the Directors of the First National Bank and is noted for his shrewd business tact and financial ability. He has held high offices in the College, as previously stated. -€~*-® ^ 'hales Edgar Givens. Among the promi- nent business iner of Abingdon is the sub- ject of this notice. Cashier of the Union Bank, and also a breeder and dealer in French draft horses. He was born in McDonough County, 111., Nov. 8, 1857, and is a son of Thales H. and Julia (Carter) Givens. A biograph- ical notice of his father is given in this work. Mr. Givens was educated at Abingdon College, and in 1875 engaged as book-keeper in the Union Bank, of Abingdon. He continued to serve in that capacity until 1880. when he was promoted to Cash- ier, and has held that position continuously to the present time. In addition to his duties as Cashier, Mr. Givens is to no inconsiderable extent engaged in the breeding of French draft-horses on his fine farm adjacent to the city, and keeps on an average from -*> 20 to 25 head, five of which are thorough -bred. Mr. Givens became a benedict, Oct. 30, 1879, by uniting his destiny with that of Olive A., the accomplished daughter of Lewis Lesh. She was born in Cleve- land, Ohio, and has borne her husband three chil- dren: Eugene E., Olive P. and Ruby B. His residence is adjacent to and just south of the city limits. In politics he votes with the Democratic party. g^amuel K. Pedrick. Mr. Pedrick's orchard and grounds are located on section 33, ^^ near the city limits of Abingdon, Cedar Township. This gentleman is a native of Circleville, Ohio, and was born on the 7th of August, 1823. While attending the dis- trict schools he was employed on his father's farm until attaining his majority. At the age of 33 he married Miss Harriet W. Kirk, the ceremony being performed in McDonough County, 111. His wife Vas born June 17, 1830, and was a native of Green , County, Ky, She came to Illinois with her parents ' iiV 1S34, the family locating west of Macomb. She remained here until her marriage. To this desirable union there were born four children — Nancy E., April 21, 1858; William L., April 21, i85(,; John K., Dec. rx, 1862; Samuel E. was born July 21, 1868, and died July 5, 1872. In all the country around there is no better land than the 32 acres of fruit orchard belonging to Mr. Pedrick. This he purchased Feb. i, 1877, and at once turned his attention to the cultivation of black- berries, strawberries and raspberries. Of all these he has five acres, and intends increasing the pro- ductions from year to year. Together with the Creston Seedling he has eight other varieties, but these former he considers preferable excepting the Green Prolific. He has two varieties of red and two of Black Cap raspberries. He has a two-story brick residence, which is very commodious and fitted up with every comfort. Mr. Pedrick is a prominent Prohibitionist and a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. The father of this gentleman was Levi and his mother Elinor (Keffer) Pedrick, both natives of New Jersey, the former being born Dec. 29, 1792, and dying Nov. 6, 1856. His mother was born May r, +' LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ^~^-tcr/y^^ ^O-v-e^K 'moL^i^.Ui_ '<^N ^A)i,CC Mo^ocC^ rru:uy^6M^ UBRARY UNlVERsfrVo'lLUNO^S . ■Y''- . ■ ^NOX COUNTY. j__T» 213 1802, and died Sept. 18, 1828, in Circleville, Ohio. They were married March 5, 1822, and by the union there were two children — Samuel K. and William. His second marriage was with Miss Elizabeth Hoover. She was a native of Pennsylvania, born Feb. 17, 1804, and still lives on the homestead. There were four children by this marriage, viz. : Sarah A., Lewis, Elizabeth A. and Joseph. Besides Mr. Pedrick, Elizabeth is the only surviving child. The parents of the present Mrs. Pedrick were John and Nancy (Coe) Kirk, natives of Kentucky. The father was born in 1790 and died in November, 1856; the mother, born in 1793, died Aug. i, 1863. There were 11 children born of the marriage — Ma- linda, Paulina, Julia A., John J., Harriet \V., Mary- etta, Lucy, Miranda, Manner)-, Edward and Nancy. Mr. and Mrs. Kirk were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and, politically speak- ing, he was a Whig in his day. Mr. Pedrick is a gentleman of quiet demeanor, though exercising considerable religious and political influence in his locality. eorge Woodmansee. The subject of this ^ personal narration, whose career is herein •©i\3— "^ briefly recorded, is noteworthy for having '■^ > lived a most useful life. At present he is liv- T ing in retirement, on section 35, Knox Town- * ship. His home property includes neat and substantial frame buildings, and in his former active life and earnest industry, he has proved that to him at least, " Honest labor wears a lovely face." Mr. W. was born in Greene County, Pa., May 20, 1810. His father, Thomas Woodmansee, was a na- tive of New Jersey, and was born April 13, 1780. His father — the grandfather of our subject — James Woodmansee, was also a native of New Jersey. He was the son of Thomas Woodmansee of Connecticut, who was the son of Gabriel Woodmansee. The en- tire Woodmansee family claimed French ancestry, a part of the forefathers going from France to England and coming, previous to the Revolutionary War, to Long Island, where they first settled. Later, they removed to New Jersey and their descendants are now scattered all over the United States. The grand- father of our subject removed from New Jersey to Pennsylvania and from there to Ohio, locating in But- ler County, where he was a pioneer,- and there con- tinued to reside until his death. Thomas Woodmansee was a child of eight years of age when his parents removed to Pennsyl- vania, and, in Fayette County, where they settled, he grew to manhood. While still young, in Greene County, he was united in marriage with Mary Tay- lor, who was born Jan. 18, 1787, in Maryland. They went at once to live in Greene County, and there tar- ried until the fall of 181 7. In 1816, the father and mother of our subject vis- ited Ohio, each on horseback, and at this time he purchased 360 acres of timber land in Clinton County. In the spring of 1817, he returned to Clin- ton County, and began cultivating and improving, and after devoting a brief space of time to this imme- diate duty, went back to Pennsylvania for his family. Then, taking their two children they went to the State of Ohio, which journey was made with horses and wagons. With them they carried their house- hold goods, drove their domestic animals and camped and cooked by the way. The husband came out in tlie spring, raised a partial crop and erected a portion of his cabiji. His brother-in-law completed it for him, which being ready for them, into it they moved. Immediately following their arrival the hus- band and father began the work for which he had come to this place. He rented some land near and while working this cleared some of his own. In 1818, he bought a farm with a few acres broken, which he worked until 1853. At this time he sold out and came to Knox County, locating near Abingdon, and about two years later, bought a farm near by and there remained until called home by death. His widow remained at the home of our subject until she departed this life. She had been a most devoted wife and mother and was ready to go, realizing that "To live in hearts we leave behind, is not to die." She was the mother of two children, of whom our subject was the eldest. His brother James lives at Abingdon. George Woodmansee was a child of but seven years when he came with his parents to Ohio, and there grew to the estate of man. His early life was spent in assisting his father on the farm, which was all unbroken and had to be cleared. In spite of the obstacles and drawbacks that came in his way, he devoted a portion of his time to gaining an ed- i- ■* y *- rH 214 ATVOJr COUNTY. ucation. At that period there were but few schools and his sole dependence was on the subscription school. In his early manhood he was united in mar- riage with Miss Eliza Hollcraft, who was born in Warren County, Ohio, March 15, 18 15, and was the daughter of James and E'.iza (Lyttle) Hollcraft, both natives of Pennsylvania. At the time of his marriage he took up and marked the boundaries of the first piece of land his father had bought and com- menced house-keeping in the old family log-cabin. Here they remained until 1855, when, on the 26th of September, they emigrated to Illinois. Like many others, they made the journey to Knox County with teams. They had with them seven horses, two bug- gies and two wagons, and reached their point of des- tination after traveling 19 days. Previous to this he had' visited the county and bought land in Knox Township. There was on this a small brick dwelling and a frame house. The family first moved into the brick house and one year after built the residence which is the present home. At the same time he erected a good barn and planted a large number of shade trees. All these improvements tended to- >= ward producing that sweetest of all possessions, a home. Their family circle is an extended one, including 12 children, ten of whom survive: Thomas {see sketch); Mary, wife of James Huffmire; Lucinda, who married Peter Lacey and who lives in Haw Creek Township; Adaline, wife of Hiram Ward, whose home is in Polk County, Iowa; Leroy is mar- ried, living in Orange Township; George, whose home is in Washington County, Ark.; Victoria, wife of A. J. Ferguson, living in Orange Township; Xen- ophon, whose home is in Orange Township; Loreno, wife of Charles T. Chase, also of Orange Township; and Alonzo, with his family, living in Boone County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Woodmansee are most excellent people and practical every-day Christians, and are united by profession of faith with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. W. joined that body in Ohio, and served for some years as Trustee. He is a vigorous and aleri politician, well versed in the de- tails of questions relative to National affairs. He has had unchallenged opportunities for watching the fluctuations in political questions, as he cast his first Presidential vote for Andrew Jackson. Later, he became a Whig and then an Abolitionist, and during the Rebellion was a stanch Union man. He is at the present time a Republican, to which party he has belonged ever since its oaganization. The portraits of Mr. Woodmansee and wife ap- pear in connection with this sketch, and a view of their home place is also shown. on. Bufus W. Miles. Among the honored and respected citizens of Knox County, whose record as a public man bears upon it no spot or blemish, and whose motto through life has been " Act and deal honorably with your fellow-men," is Mr. Miles. Mr. Miles is a fair representative of what an individual can ac- complish, providing he is possessed of these three necessary requisites — pluck, perseverance and good judgment. He is at present passing the afternoon of life on his fine farm on section 34, Persifer Town- ship, engaged in agricultural pursuits. The parents of Mr. Miles, Solomon and Eliza A. (Gilmore) Miles, were natives of Ohio and Vermont, respectively. They were married and settled in Lick- ; ing County, Ohio, where they resided until 1836, when they came to this county, locating in Orange Township. There they lived for one year, and in the spring of 1838, moved to Persifer Township, and set- tled on the identical tract on which their son, our subject, is now living. There they continued to live and labor for the best interest of themselves and children, until their demise, that of the father occur- ring Oct. 6, 1876, and of the mother, July 19, i88o. The former was a Presbyterian preacher in Ohio, but while in the discharge of his duty as a follower of the meek and lowly Jesus, his health failed him and he was obliged to resign his charge His family com- prised ten children : Rufus W., Sarah O., James G., Catherine E., Benjamin S., Marion C, JohnS., Par- nach O., Putnam L. and Perrigrine F. Rufus W. Miles was born in Newark, Licking County, Ohio, Sept. 21, 1822. He attended the com- mon schools of his native county until coming to this county in 1836, when he was but 14 years of age. His desire while yet a youth, was that in the future he might be a useful man, and to this end he applied himself to study and was soon prepared to enter Knox College. He, however, attended only half of the Freshman year, when he went to work upon the zXi ±* KNOX COUNTY. 2'S farm, and his business since that time has been mainly that of agriculture. In 1850, soon after the gold fever had swept over the country, and many thousands believed that all that was necessary to at- tain a fortune, was simply to cross the plains and gather the gold in hatfuUs, almost from the surface of the soil, Mr. Miles concluded to try his luck in that far-off coast. He consequently crossed the plains, and, on arriving there, worked for one year at min- ing on Weber Creek, in Eldorado County, meeting with partial success. He, however, did not tarry there long, for, in the latter part of August of the fol- lowing year, 185 i, we again find him settled on the old homestead, acting in the capacity of a sturdy tiller of the soil, and the help of his parents during the remainder of their lives. The marriage of Mr. Miles took place in Knox Township, Jan. 18, 1846, at which time Miss Mary J. Bruce, born in Vermont, Jan. 24, 1830, became his wife. Her parente were Silas and Hannah D. ' (Scott) Bruce, natives of the Green Mountain State. They left that State in 1845, coming to this county and making settlement in Knox Township. Her =^ father was a shoemaker by trade, and died while in the prosecution of his vocation at Knoxville, in 1S72. His wife, mother of Mrs. Miles, still survives. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Bruce are seven in num- ber: H. Elizabeth, Mary J., (Mrs. Miles) Dwight, Lucretia M., Atlanta L., William M. and Abby C. In the fail of 1858, Mr. Miles was elected to rep- resent his district in the State Legislature, beating his opponent, Ford, by nearly 1,000 votes. In the fall of 1878 he was again elected as a member of that honorable body, and served his constituents with credit, during the sessions of 187S-79. In 1867, Mr. Miles was appointed by Gov. Oglesby ;is one of the members of the Board of StSte Equalization, and in the fall of 1868, was elected to that office for the counties of Knox; Fulton and Mason, and in 1872, was elected to represent the counties of Knox, Peo- ria, Fulton and Stark, making a service of ten years in that capacity. Mr. Miles was an ardent admirer of our martyred President, Abraham Lincoln, and, after Mr. Lincoln was elected President the first time, Mr. Miles sent him an eagle's quill, with which the Chief Magistrate wrote his first inaugural address. The letter written by Mr. Miles to the President, and sent with the quill, which was two feet in length, was of such elo- quence and prophecy, that we deem it interesting to such an extent as to gladly give it place in this sketch. — Persifer, Dec. 21, i860. Hon. A. Lincoln. Dear Sir: — Please accept the eagle quill I promised you, at the hand of our Rep- resentative, A. A. Smith. The bird from whose wing the quill was taken was shot by John F. Dillon, in- Persifer Township, Knox County, this State, in Feb- ruary, 1857. Having heard that James Buchanan was furnished with aji eagle quill to write his inaug- ural with, and believing that in i860, a Republican would be elected to take his place, I determined to save this quill and present it to the fortunate man, whoever he might be. Report tells us that the bird which furnished Buchanan's quill was a captured bird — fit emblem of the man that used it; but the bird from which this quill was taken yielded the quill only with its life — fit emblem of the man who is expected to use it; for true Republicans believe that you would not think life worth keeping after the surrender of principle. Great difficulties surround you ; traitors to tlieir country have threatened your life ; and should you be called upon to surrender it at the post of duty, your memory will live forever in the heart of every free man ; and that will be a grander monument than can be built of brick or marble. " For if hearts may not our memories keep. Oblivion haste each vestige sweet And let our memories end. " Yours truly, R. W. Miles. Mr. Miles, in his own township, accepted the office of Supervisor, and for 19 years has been the incum- bent of that position, serving at present. He has also been the incumbent of the office of Justice of the Peace, and of Township Clerk, as well as other minor offices. Socially, he is a member of the order of Ma- sonry, and at one time belonged to the I. O. O. F. He is a true and consistent Christian gentleman, be- longing, with his good wife, to the Presbyterian Church. Having printed the foregoing letter, it is unnecessary for us to state that he is a Republican in politics, for the tone of that letter indicates, with more positiveness than anything we can say, the party to which he belongs. Mr. and Mrs. Miles have had their home circle blessed by the birth of seven children : lAicy W., Han- nah E., Emma M., James H., Rufus H., Joseph W. and Mary J. James H. died July 27,1877, wlien he was in his 2 1 St year. The cause of his death was drown- ing in Spoon River, while bathing; Lucy is the wife of Charles Mastin, a resident of Elba Township, and she has borne her husband seven children: Carl, fT A-_ 44- ■^ 2l6 KNOX COUNTY. Joa, Rufus W., Winnefred, Eliza, Albert K. and Myrtle. The remaining children reside on the old homestead. Mr. Miles has been Chairman of the Board of Su- pervisors for several years. Having done good work in the past, now in the sunset of life, he is enjoying a competency on his fine farm of 270 acres, on sec- tion 34, Persifer Township, 160 of which is tillable. He is respected by all who know him for his sterling worth and integrity, and none can point to a single act in the history of his life, wherein he has wronged his fellow-man, or where he has refused to listen to the earnest entreaty of true charity. -^*> •o«o-@H>^^i?^k^i?^T^k^-^-- g:^^\oa^c^ homas R. Glisson. One of the well-to-do and enterprising farmers of Knox Town- ^,„ ' ship, and standing among those persons ^^ distinguished for energetic industry and the success that crowns such effort, is the subject of this biography, who resides on section 26. When he first came to Knox Township he purchased his present farm, and has since added to and im- proved on the original, until he owns one of the finest farms in that entire section of country, comprising 220 acres of fertile soil. Mr. Glisson was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Jan. 29, 1815, and is the son of Thomas Glisson, who was born in Pennsylvania, in the town of Car- lisle. By occupation he was a cabinet-maker. Re- moving to Hamilton County when but a young man, he there married Miss Rebecca Runyan, a native of New Jersey. She was a daughter of Benjamin Run- yan. In 1817 he removed to Indiana and settled near Brookville, where he bought a saw-mill and en- gaged in business, working at his own trade until 1828. At that time, during the month of December, he sold out and returned to Hamilton County, where -H^ 4 ■ ¥!= . KNOX COUNTY. 219 he labored at cabinet-making until his death, which took place in 1849, having survived his wife (who died in 1843) six years. They were the parents of ten children — six boys and four girls. One of the sons, O. S. Glisson, is R-iar Admiral in the United States Navy, now on the retired list. He was educated at the Naval Academy at Ann- apolis. The subject was the fourth son, and as soon as he grew large enough to be of any use whatever, he entered his father's shop and there learned the trade of cabinet-making. At this he worked until he attained the age of 23 years, when he learned the cooper's trade. This he followed until 1854, in Hamilton County, when he concluded to go West. Accordingly, he came to Knox County, purchased 180 acres of improved prairie land on section 26, Knox Township, and 40 acres of timber land on sec- tion 12 of the same township. He located on the former section and has there resided ever since, building up a pleasant and attractive home. The ("farm contains two sets of frame buildings, his only 1 son occupying one of the houses. ; He married Miss Mary Edwards in October, ■^1838, who was born in the city of Philadelphia, Aug. j 30, 18 1 9, and who is the daughter of William and Ann (Outterbridge) Edwards, both natives of Mary- •land. To them have been born nine children, two of whom are deceased and seven now living, as fol- lows : Elizabeth, wife of James Redick, who lives in Hancock County, Ohio ; Abbie, who wedded James Hadley and who lives in Yolo County, Cal.; Nellie, Sarah, Charles, Pameli and Harrie. Charles is married and carries on the home farm. The four younger daughters reside at home. Mr. Glisson has given his children the benefits of a good education. Mr. and Mrs. Glisson are active members of society and good workers in the neighborhood to which they belong, the wife and mother and four of her children being members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. G. is Republican in |)olitics, and a wide-awake, earnest thinker. Charles, the only son, lives on the home place and follows farming, the vocation to which he was reared. He was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Oct. 19, 1853, and was but a year old when he came to Knox County with his parents. He married Miss Emma, daughter of Alexander and Ellen (Curl) McPherson, who was born in Knox Township, and to them has been born one child, a son, named Oliver. Both the younger Mr. Glisson and his wife are favorites with the younger members of society, and desirable friends and neighbors. They are worshipers under the Methodist Episcopal doctrines of faith, to which Church they are connected by membership. iloward M. Griffith. Mr. Griffith farms on section 2, of Cedar Township, and was born May 4, 1854, in Knox County. He is the son of Abel and Hannah (Gore) Griffith. His mother was born near Hagerstown, Md., Sept. 13, 181 1, her parents also hailing from Mary- land. This lady's parents were John and Mary (Spindler) Gore, and by the union five children were the result, viz: Jacob, Samuel, Nicholas, now living in Iowa ; Rosena, through marriage Mrs. Thornburg, who died in 1877 ; and Hannah, the eldest, was the mother of Mrs. H. Griffith. She married Mr. Abel Griffith, April 2, 1854, her husband being born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Oct. 16, 1803. The father of Abel, Mr. Benjamin Griffith, was quite a lad when he removed with his widowed mother, and though yet young took charge of her af- fairs until her death in 1845, in the State of Ohio. She was buried in Muskegon County, near Zanes- ville. Her husband was interred in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 181 6. By the marriage there were five children, William, Abel, Horatio, Rebecca A. and Elizabeth. Through the the union of Abel and Hannah Grif- fith there were eight children : Morris, born in Pennsylvania, Feb. 17, 1836; John, Aug. 13, 1834; Ann, July 4, 1839; Mary, Aug. 24, 1840, in Ohio; William, Dec. 8, 1843, in the same State; Rebecca, March 12, 1846; Due, May g, 1853, in the State of Illinois; George, Aug. 18, 1848, in Ohio; Howard, May 4, 1854, in the State of Illinois ; and Francis B., in the same State, July 5, 1856. .\11 these children, except the last named, are married. Mr. Griffith, whose name heads this history, mar- ried Miss Edith E. Parsons, Oct. i, 1884, the cere- mony being performed by the Rev. A. R. Thair. This lady was born Oct. i, 1852, in Knox County, she being the daughter of Franklin and Sarah (Bul- lard) Parsons. They were natives of Ohio and Can- t KNOX COUNTY. ada, respectively. He being born in Ashtabula County, in the State named, on Jan. 29, 182 1, the date of his wife's birth, is, however, unknown. By this devoted union there were nine children, viz: Leonard W., Edotha E., Frank D., Ellen A., Rollin J., Lincoln E., Sarah E., Emma N. and Effie M. Of these there are five living. The subject of this sketch had a son born Dec. 23, 1855. Mr. Griffith's farm consists of 221 acres of prime land, on which he erected a desirable two- story house in 1882. During two winters he attended the Knox Academy, where he won distinction in his classes. He had three brothers in the army; one of them served two years and the other twelve months. John was Captain of tlie Red River Expedition, and was incarcerated fourteen months, at Taylor, Texas. The subject is a prominent member of the Congre- gational Church, and considered by that community a gentleman of broad sympathies, whose good com- mon sense is worthy of reliance whenever called into requisition. ; lisha Humiston, (deceased) the gentleman whose name honors this brief reviewof a worthy life, was one among the earliest pi- ^§,. oneers of Knox County, 111, having arrived in the State in 1834. He was born in Connecti- cut not long subsequent to the War of Inde- pendence. He was twice married, his first wife being Elizabeth Hartshorn. Two children, a son and a daughter, were born to the union, Hartson and Alniira, both births occurring in Broome County, New York. The daughter married Mr. Gary Rugg- les, a gentleman of prominence. While the countrj' was still a wilderness, Mr. Humiston moved from Connecticut to Broome County, New York, and re- sided there until 1834, when he came to Knox County, 111., settling in this township. Having lost his first wife he married Betsy Noble by whom he had four children, Elizabeth, Phoebe Delia and Hobert. The last three were early asso- ciated with the history of Knox County. Hartson Humiston, who was born in Broome County, N. Y., April 3d, 1805, was married in that place to Miss Mary Church, June 28, 1832, five children being the result of the union ; Cyrus J., Mary E., Helen M., Francis M. and Joanna. The last named being the wife of Joseph F. Latimer, of Cedar Township, Knox County 111. In 1846 Mr. H. Humiston emigrated with his fam- ily from New York to Knox County, and immediately engaged in farming, with profit to himself and much fatisfaction to those who had dealings with him, he continued in this occupation until his death, July 6, 1876. rasmus J. Easel. Among the more prom- inent and enterprising farmers of Knox County, noteworthy for persistent industry, and financial ability, may be counted the sub- ject of this sketch, a brief summary of whose personal history is herein given. He owns a farm on section 10, of Indian Point Township, and upon it stands a pleasant and attractive home. He is within a convenient distance of town privileges, living two and three-quarter miles southeast of Abingdon. Mr. Easel, of this writing, was born in Adams -County, 111., March 28, 1855, and came to Knox Coupty ill 1865, at the ageof ten years. Considera- ble attention was given to his educational training and he seemed to possess a natural predilection for intel- lectual industry. He attended Hedding College three terms and his application won him golden opin- ions. He is the son of Harvey D. and Margaret (Sampson) Easel, the former of whom was born in Ohio, in 1 83 1, and the date of the latter parent's birth not being positively known, the records, by some unfortunate circumstance being lost. Mr. Easel, of this sketch, lost his mother when about eight years of age. She died of congestive chills, the date of her death being 1863. She was the mother of five children, by name : Mary E., who died at the early age of four years; Erasmus, Silas, Mary F. and Jennie F. Mr. and Mrs. Erasmus Easel were united in the holy bonds of wedlock, July 3, 1878, and his wife's maiden name was Mary Elwell. She was born Feb. 9, 1859, and was at the time of her marriage, 19 years of age. She is the daughter of Jacob and Har- riet (Haynes) Elwell, and her father was born in In- diana, July 4, 1835, wliile her mother. Miss Harriet Haynes, first saw the light of day, Oct. 2, 1841. The father now lives in Van Buren County, Iowa. She t LIBRARy OF THE ^JNIVERSIiy OF ILLINOIS /-vii^^V^/^ c.rciS^'-'^ H^ KNOX COUNTY. t rt died Aug. 20, 1865, leaving one child, a daughter, who is the wife of our subject. One year after Mrs. Elwell died, Mr. Elwell remarried, Mrs. Emily A. Laymon, of Ohio, being his chosen companion. Both she and her husband survive, and are living in the State of Iowa. To them were born five children, viz: Arominta, who died in infancy; Anna W., Myra, Hattie and Ora. To Mr. and Mrs. Easel, of this sketch, have been given two children : Harley D., born April 18, 1879; and Jamie R., Aug. 30, 1882. Mr. Easel is the owner of 100 acres of fine land and devotes himself to the breeding of good blooded cattle. He has always been prominent in public affairs and has held the office of School Director for a long period. In politics he affiliates with the Re- publican party and keeps his eyes open relative to public and private good. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Abingdon, and formerly attended the St. Mary's Seminary at Knox- ' ville, at which institution she remained two years. Mr. Easel has an intelligent and interesting family , and the home is a place of pleasant resort to friends '^'and neighbors. -€-^^ — ^ 'onathan Latimer. As consistency is ever a trait in the records of remarkable men, one can scarcely recall the name of the sub- ject of this biography without at the same time being struck with the roundness and complete unity in character of the man immediately under our notice. Mr. Latimer, now deceased, whose pen portrait is given here, was one among the earli- est pioneers of Knox County. He settled in the year 1832, though arriving in Illinois as early as 1829. At the home of his parents in Robinson County, Tenn., the boy was born May 23, 1803, his father being Elder Joseph and his mother Anna (Dobbins) Latimer. Descended from one of those old and sturdy New England families who played a most conspicuous part in the struggle for American Independence, Mr. Latimer through a life devoted to duty and the good of his fellows, lost none of those strong traits which so distinguished his ancestors. During the Revolu- tionary War the grandfather of Jonathan held rank as Colonel, and contributed to the Colonial forces no less than twelve sons, each serving under his gal- lant father's command. On the 24th day of Feb. 1824, Miss Nancy West became the wife of Jonathan Latimer. After his arrival in Illinois in 1829, he took up his abode in Sangamon County. Three years later, however, the subject of our sketch finally located in Knox County, upon section 28, in what is known as Ced ir Township. At the date referred to the township only nuuibered four other families, proving the rapid growth during the past half cen- tury of that now prosperous district. Deciding to make his home on the newly located section, Mr. Latimer at once engaged in farming and stock rais- ing, a vocation which he followed creditably and with profit up to the date of his demise, the 4tli of Aug., 1866. The children born to the Latimer family were ten in number; Mrs. Latimer through a course of long years proving a most exemplary mother of the old time school. The family at the date of writing are disposed of as follows : Emily is the wife of J. B. F. Chesney, of Abingdon ; Mary Latimer is deceased; Alexander married Miss Julia Meek, and is living in Winnebago City, Minn.; Louisa twice married ; first to Joseph Meek, but is now widow of L. C. Bacon, liv- ing at Abingdon; William (deceased) married Eliza- beth Humiston, who lives now in Abingdon, her husband dying in the year 1872; James married Jennie Hartford, and resides at Pleasanton, Kas.; Anna became the wife of Charles Foster, now dead; Clara is the wife of Mr. F. C. Wells, of Wheaton, 111., and a prominent business man in Chicago; Jo- seph F. married Joanna Humiston, and resides in Cedar Township ; Columbus married Angie Ranson, and lives in Tiogo Center, N. Y. Early in life Mr. Jonathan Latimer became a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. At the Cherry Grove Presbyterian Church he subsequently became one of the original members, and was leader among the leading Elders of that body. As one of the chief founders of the Cherry Grove Seminary, and most incessant worker in the cause of education Mr. Latimer's name will be remembered by not only those who were benefitted, by but those who took an active part in the good work of the hour. During the latter 25 years of his life he engaged in various business and manufacturing enterprises. During the building of what is now the C, B. & Q. Railroad, t KNOX COUNTY. he contracted to tie the road to Quincy, and was connected with it until his death. Seconded and encouraged by one of the most de- voted and loving among wives, Mr. Latimer's zeal in the cause of religion grew daily, and his upright and honorable intercourse with his fellow-men be- came a subject of remark. He was not only open-handed but generously bountiful to all who really needed his help, or desired to help themselves. This was a common trait in I the Latimer family, and is shared to-day by the I wife who survives this good man. At Abingdon, I where she now resides, the universal respect and love shown this lady is not lost. She is in her eighty- fourth year, being born in North Carolina in 1802. *% ;lof Johnson. The senior member of the firm of O. Johnson & Co., manufacturers of boots and shoes at Abingdon, whose business was established in 1881, and who is associated with his son, M. C. Johnson,- is the gentleman, the brief outlines of whose personal history are herein given. The subject of this biographical notice was born in Sweden, Nov. 5, 1826, and is the son of John and Matilda (Swanson) Matteson. In his native countrj' he learned the shoemaker's trade, entering his ap- prenticeship when a boy of 12 years. He is fully master of his trade, having worked at it continuously for almost 47 years. He emigrated from Sweden to America in the year 1854, coming directly to Illinois and settling in Galesburg, where he worked at his trade for a few months and from which city he re- moved to Abingdon. Here he continued a year and a half, working as before at his trade, and then re- turned to Galesburg, and subsequently, in 1859, to Monmouth. Here he labored a year and a half and again cast his lot at Galusburg, where he went into business, in which he remained seven years. Leaving this he engaged in farming in Knox County, in 187 1, but relinquished this after two years experience, when he moved to Abingdon, where he worked as journeyman till 1881 and then commenced business for himself, forming, in 1882, the existing partnership with his son, M. C. Johnson. Mr. Johnson, of this writing, took to wife Miss Ellen, daughter of Swan Matteson, Oct. 22, 1855. They were married at Galesburg, and the result of their union is seven children, four of whom lived to grow up, and of which number three survive, as fol- lows : Matilda, wife of Peter E. Nelson, of Stanton, Iowa; Carrie, who died at the age of 12 years; M. C, the junior partner of the firm of O. Johnson & Co.; and Joseph, the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. John- son are useful members of the community in which they reside and congenial friends and neighbors. They are devoted members of the Congregational Church to which they both belong. ohn W. Head. Among the citizens of jfe^ Knox County, who have won repute as en- terprising men and substantial persons in a social way, may be reckoned John W. Head, a "^IF farmer living on section 3, of Indian Point. P Township. To speak of him as one of the most able and sound residents of this section of country, is the only way in which to convey a com-> mensurate idea of his worth. The gentleman of whom we write was born in > Highland County, Ohio, Dec. 29, 1846, and came to. Illinois, Oct. 2, 1853. His parents located at Ma- comb, McDonough County, and he remained under the parental roof until 1S64, and came with his wid- owed mother to Abingdon. Nine years previous to this time, his father had realized the truth that " To every man upon this earth, death cometh soon or late, " and yielding up his life went out into the great unknown Country. The parents of John W. Head, our subject, were Wilson and Sarah (Foraker) Head. Wilson was born in Ohio in 1822, and died at Ma- comb, 111., Oct. 2, 1855. He occupied the pulpit at the Methodist Episcopal Church, at that place, and taught school in the western part of the city, devo- ting himself to religious and intellectual pursuits, with the honest desire to lay the foundations of good citizenship and practical Christianity. He united in marriage, in February, 1845, with Sarah Foraker, who was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 22, 1837, celebrating his nuptials at the date previously stated. In August, i860, she married Rev. W. B. Carithers, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with whom she lived until her death, Jan. 12, 1878, which LIBRARy OF THE UNIVERSITY OF lUINOIS ^ a^^ lAJ'i^^'^^ 'a- ^'^f&^j:A^' LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 4^ KAOX COUNTY. 227 occurred at Tulon, Stark County. Mr. and Mrs. Head were the parents of three children : John W., the eldest; Margaret S. and Mary E., the two latter of whom were twins. Margaret died at the age of two years, but Mary, who grew to womanhood, was uni- ted in marriage with H. B. Lequatte, of Rock Island County, on the 7th of June, £872, and their home is in Drury Township, Rock Island County. John W. Head formed the acquaintance of, and subsequently married Miss Ella Scott, Sept. 19, 1878. She is the daughter of W. K. and Sarah J. (Stickle) Scott, and was born Oct. 31, 1851. Her father was born in Kentucky, Jan. 4, 1822. and her mother April 4, 1829, in Pennsylvania. This pair were the parents of nine children, viz : Mary J , born Jan. 12, 1850; S. Ella, Oct. 3, 1851; Susan M., in 1853, who died in 1856; Annabel, Paulina J., Fannie F., Emma, Myra, ^Martin E. and one who died in infancy, unnamed. Mr. Head is the owner of 80 acres of fine land in a high state of cultivation, lying one and one half miles from Abingdon. He is engaged in the breed- ing of Shorthorn and Polled-.^ngus cattle, and has been highly successful in almost every ventarp;,he has undertaken, all efforts of his resulting in the ulti- mate improvement of his possessions. Himself and wife are consistent and worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his fitness for of- fice has given him a place in many of the local posi- tions of his neighborhood. He has lield the office of Pathmaster for an extended length of time, and has an interest in politics. He is a RepubHcan in be- lief and by vote. He is the father of but one child, a boy, now in his sixth year, whom he proudly des- ignates as his son and heir; the date of his birih was March 25, 1880. - — ^^OOC> €=3r: -o^ f.!;;! ohn C. Hearn. The biographer finds in his f^ljr interviews with the people of Persifcr Township, that many of the prominent and well-to-do citizens were brought here, or to the county, by their parents when they were in early childhood or youth. Their families were pioneers, and as the children grew and developed into manhood, many of them assumed the manage- ment of the business interests, not only of the fam- ily estate but of the community. Prominent among this number is John C. Hearn, who to-day is a prosperous agriculturist, residing on section 29, of the township named. He was a ten-year old boy when, in Nov. 1835, his parents arrived in Knox County. They located in Orange Township, where they became widely known and highly respected. The father, James Hearn, died in Chestnut, and the mother, Nancy (Di.x) Hearn, died in Orange Township. John C. Hearn passed tlie first three or four years after coming to this county, in Orange Township, when the family moved to Knox Township, and later on he came into Persifer. .\s eady as 1848 he purchased 160 acres of land in the latter township, where he settled and has since lived. Here he has erected a splendid suit of farm buildings, and is the fortunate owner of 400 acres of valuable land, 300 of which are under cultivation. Our subject is a native of Kentucky, where lie was born July 20, 1825. Shortly after he had reached' ■his 2 1 St year, Oct. 7, [846, he and Mrs. Eliza Mc- Pherrin nee Wilson, were united in marriage. She grew to wdm an hood in Champaign County, Ohio, "^ and there married Mr. McPherrin, and immediately after, in 1835, moved to Knox County, locating in Knox Township. Here they engaged in farming until the death of Mr. McPherrin, which occurred in Knox Township Jan. 5, 1845. He was highly esteemed and respected anong the early pioneers of the county. By him Mrs. Hearn became the mother of two children, John T. and William H., both of whom reside in California. They are both married and well- to-do farmers. John resides in Tehama County, and William in Sutter County. They married two sisters, the Misses Stevens,tlie eldest has five children and the youngest four. Mrs. H. was born in Champaign County, Ohio, Jan. 21, 18 ig., and was the daughter of Fran- cis and Priscilla A. Wilson. She has borne to Mr. Hearn two children, Lorena A. and one who died in infancy. Lorena is the wife of Albert Breece, of Elba Township, and is the mother of three children, Harry L., John C. and Eliza M. During the intense excitement over the discovery of gold on the Pacific Coast, Mr. Hearn joined the great army of gold seekers, and crossed the plains, and like thousands of othera his success was not flattering. Before the close of the year (in De- 4-3- A 228 KNOX COUNTY. 5 cember) he started for home, returning via the Isth- mus, reaching home the following 2d of April, 185 1. Mr. H. has been called to fill some of the minor official positions of his township, among which are that of Highway Commissioner and School Director. In his political convictions he votes and works for the Republican party. Mrs. Hearn many years ago joined the Methodist Church, though she had been reared in the Presbyterian. Mr. and Mrs. Hearn have by industry, persever- ance and economy, succeeded in securing a hand- some competency. Their home is provided with all the comforts that are needed for the enjoyment of life, and it is here that they dispense a liberal hos- pitality with the ease and grace of " The olden time." As a farmer and stock raiser Mr. Hearn takes prominent rank among the leading men in this especially favored county. A view of their handsome residence is shown on another page of this volume, and their portraits are given, accompanying this brief outline of their life histories. obert C. Edwards, one of the earliest pio- neers of this county, resides on section 26, AJll^W Cedar Township. His birthplace is located }^\ in the southern part of the State of Virginia and he was born in the year 1818. Many years back he traveled to Illinois and located on the section where he still lives. In marriage he was united with Miss Elizabeth Ensinger, on the 5th of April, 1844. His wife was a native of Vir- ginia and was born in that State, May 30, 1825. After a union with Mr. Edwards of 39 years, she was called to the better land, Oct. 14, 1883, her remains resting in Cherry Grove Cemetery, at Abingdon, 111. Very little is now known of this lady's parentage, but that they were natives of Virginia is certain. In that State they lived up to the date of their death. To the devoted union of Mr. and Mrs. Edwards nine children were born, viz. : Sarah, Uavid, Hester A., Susan, Nancy, Eliza, Mary, Esterlina and Bell, all of whom are married with the exception of Ester- lina and Bell. The latter young lady is the younger of her father's family and at present has the entire supervision of her father's household, over which she presides with unceasing care. Mr. Edwards has 56 acres of prime land in this township and a comforta- ble home, in which he has resolved to spend the re- mainder of his days. Politically speaking, he is a firm Democrat, in the fullest sense of the word. hales H. Givens, deceased, a former resi- dent af Abingdon, and a pioneer settler of McDonough County, 111., of 1854, as well as a gentleman honored and respected for his sterling worth and integrity by all who became acquainted with him, was born near Rich- mond, Ky., Sept. 20, 1822. He was the son of James and Martha (Miller) Givens, and moved with his par- ents to Monroe County, Ind., while yet in childhood. The grandfather died in Knox Connty at the resi- dence of his son, in 1867. The grandmother died ten years prior in Monroe County, Ind. There our subject was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He served a regular apprentiship at cabinet-making and subsequntly at the carpenters' trade, acquired his ed- ucation and lived there developing into manhood. It was in that State and county that he was united in marriage with Miss Julia Carter, in 1842. She was born November 8, 1854. She was a daughter of John Carter and was born in that part of Virginia, which at the present time is known as West Virginia. She died Jan. 9, i874- The union of the parents of Mr. Givens, of this notice, was blessed by the birth of ten children, five sons and five daughters, and of whom the elder five were born in Indiana, and the younger, in Illinois. Seven of the ten children are yet living: Strawther, has a biographical notice in another part of this work ; Araminta H., is living at Abingdon; Walter E., died in infancy ; Laura, is the wife of W. G. Nesbit, of Evans, Col.; Newton, died in infancy; Florence, is the widow of Dr. Livy Hatchett, and resides at Abingdon; Clara A., died in infancy; Thales E., married Miss Olive A. Lesh, and resides in Indian Point Township, and of whom a biographical notice is given in this work; Dora F., is serving in the ca- pacity of head book-keeper in the wholesale house of Shaver & Dows, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; and Hattie M., is the wife of William A. Jones, of Abingdon. Thales H. Givens removed with his family to Mc- Donough County, this State, in 1854, and was there T: zyi ^p KNOX COUNTY. t 239 engaged in the honorable calling of an agricuUurist, together with that of stock-raising, until April, 1865. He then came to Abingdon, and subsequently en- gaged in his former occupation in Cedar Township, adjacent 10 the city. In iS7 2,in company with his eldest son, Strawther, and Mr. J. M. Dawdy, under thf name of the Union Bank of Abingdon, they began business. Mr. Givens, nevertheless, continued his fanning and stock-raising up to the time of his death, which occurred April 23, 18S2. He was a gentleman of considerable ability, strictly honest and upright in all his dealings and was prominently identified with the educational interests of Abingdon, as well as of other places in which he had formerly resided. He took an active part in support of the Abingdon Col- lege and aided very materially in prolonging its e.x- istence. The present Abingdon College was constructed and built under his supervision. He was an honored member of the Christian Church and in his politics, an active worker for the success of the Democratic party. ■^ ■r-T" €S- SjI^ illiam Smith, as a representative of the ag- — ^Sl ''cultural class of Kno.x County, is the sub- "^^ ject of this notice, and resides on the south- 3' west corner of section to, Ontario Township. Mr. Smith is one of the successful farmers, respected, and honored citizens of that township, and his success in life is a fair measure of what may be accomplished by an individual possessing a large amount of perseverance and energy, for his accumu- lations have been acquired through his own exertions and not by being the recipient of any legacy. William Smith was born in Washington County, Vt., Sept. 15, 1S16, and is consequently nigh onto 70 years of age at the date of writing. He is a son of Samuel Smith, who was a farmer by occupation, a native of Vermont and of New England ancestry. The great-grandfather of our subject came from England and made settlement in the United States at an early day. His son, Joseph, grandfather of our subject, was born in New England and in early life became interested in the cause of the Colonies and was one of the first to enlist in their defense. He served for seven years in the War of the Revolution and lived to see the cause of the Colonies victorious. When the War of iSu broke out, he again enlisted, tliis time accompanied by his two sons, aged 12 and 14 years, they being musicians. He fought all through that war, and received no injuries of a seri- ous nature in either of the conflicts in which he participated. He was a farmer by occupation and died at the extreme age of 96 years in Vermont. His wife, Hannah (Derkee) Smith, of New England par- entage, lived to attain the age of 99 years, and died in Orange County, Vt. They have one child yet liv- ing, Mrs. Dolly White, who is a resident of Orange County, Vt., and at this writing has attained the ven- erable age of ro3 years. The entire family seemed to have been noted for their longevity. Mrs. White reads readily without glasses and in her actions is more agile than many ladies from 20 to 30 years her junior. The mother of our subject was, prior to her marriage, a Miss Bettie Rood, born in Windsor County, Vt.' Her mother's maiden name was Betsey Kibling, the patronymic having been spelled prior to tiie settle- ment of her ancestry in this country, Kiblinger, th^ " er " having been dropped on their settlement in Vermont. Numerous among the families of that State as well as throughout the Western States, are to be found Kiblings. The parents of Mr. Smith lived in their native State, where his father followed the occupation of a farmer until his death, which occurred in August, 1865, and that of the wife one year later, he being 77 and she 75 years of age. They were members of the Christian Reform Church. Of the 1 1 children born of their union, eight lived to attain the age of man and womanhood. William Smith, of whom we write, was the second in order of birth of his parent's chil- dren, and of whom seven are yet living. He remained at home, assisting on the farm and received the ad- vantages afforded by the common schools and devel- oped into manhood. In September, 1837, he left the parental roof-tree and engaged in traffic in " Yankee notions. " He afterwards engaged in business in Franklin and various counties adjacent to York State and was thus occupied for about 20 years, meeting with signal success. In 1854, he disposed of his bus- iness in Franklin County and went to Montreal, Can- ada, where he engaged in the lumber business, and was thus occupied for several years. While there he -^ t 230 KNOX COUNTY. erected a wharf at a large expense to the Canadian Government and also completeted several other large contracts. In 1859, Mr. Smith left Montreal and emigrated to this State, making settlement in thiscounty, where he secured a four year's lease to a section of land which he broke and seeded by the following June, and from which he afterward reaped a large harvest. By the time his lease had e.xpired he had been ena- bled to save sufficient to purchase a farm of his own and immediately invested his means in 165 acres of land, a portion of which had been improved. As soon as his lease had expired he erected a residence on the land he had purchased, into which he moved his family, and at once entered actively and energet- ically upon the cultivation of his land and the im- provement of his place and where he has continued to reside until the present time. He has added to his original purchase until he is at present the proprietor of 330 acres of as good drained and watered land as there is to be found in Knox County. His farm is supplied with two hydraulic pumps and is also drained by a sufficiency of tile to make it rich and productive. His residence is a good and comforta- ble one, heated by furnace, and his out-buildings are of a substantial nature. December 27, 1865, Mr. Smith became united in marriage with Mrs. Margaret Frame, nee. Boher, a native of Pennsylvani;i, born in Washington County, July T2, 183T. She was first married to Dr. Thomas Frame, by whom she had three children : Thomas, a teacher in the public schools ; Emma, wife of James Tilden, a resident of York County, Neb.; and Ella, wife of J. F. Friend, a resident of Henry County, 111. Her husband, Mr. P'rame, died in Greene County, III., in May T864. He was a practicing physician of considerable prominence. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, three children have been born, one of whom is deceased : Levi G. and Lucy R., both of whom are skilful muscians. The parents of Mrs. Smith were of German descent, and her father fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer. They emigrated to this State in 1858, and here resided until their death, that of the father occurring in r86o, and that of her mother 10 years later, in 1S70. Politically, Mr. Smith votes with the Republican party. Religiously, Mr. S. and his wife are members pf no denomination. Mr. Smith is a prominent fac- tor in the Knox County Farmer's Insurance Company. He is a gentleman well-read and thoroughly posted in the isssiies of the day. Mrs. Smith is a literary con- tributor of no small prominence, several of her arti- cles occurring in the JVestern Rural under the nom lie plume of "Mother.". The landed possessions of our subject in this county and other Westean States, amount to more than 1,000 acres, a large majority of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. His stock upon his home farm, consisting of Poland-China hogs, and thorough-bred Durham cattle, are of the best quality, and in this branch of his chosen voca- tion, as well as others, he is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance, coupled with good judgment are sure to bring. As a representative of the agricultural class and a thorough-going energetic business men of Knox County, he is certainly the peer of any. 5-K.#4?-^^-i— helden O. Allen. This gentleman is the | son of Sheldon W. and Fidelia (Leach) ] , _ Allen, whose names occur prominently in j /i|',\\ another place in this Album. The subject of j the present biography was born in Log City, I Henderson Township, on the loth of Sept., J 1838, and was the first male child born there. He was only in his second year when his parents re- moved to Galesburg, and in this city he spent his early life. His education was mostly received at the com- mon schools. Having made rapid progress he at- tended Hamilton College, Madison Countj', N. Y., during a six-months term. This he intended as a commencement of a college course, but being ambi- tious to uphold his Western home he returned to Galesburg and finished his school training there. Subsequently he was employed as fireman of the C, B. & Q. R. R., and in July 1861, settled in Hen- derson Township, where he has since lived. He is the owner of 198 acres of land, which is in a highly improved state of cultivation. He was married in this township on the 25th of October, i860, to Zipporah Edwards, the daughter of Marcus and Hannah (Ferkins) Edwards, natives of New York. They came to Knox County in 1839, and have resided in Hen- derson Township since that date. They have a fam- ily of thirteen children, of which Mrs. Allen was the sixth in order of birth. She was born in the town- ZJC ■\ AMSQfj 4 Sleeping SsAurrl'iT^/.) PRitJCs'JuMBO ija'Tis) Part of Herd of pure bred Galloway CAniE, Property of Messer^ umvERS?rVo'iu'»'nis KNOX COUNTY. ^Zl +-. ship named, on the 12th of January, 1S44. She re- ceived her education at the common schools, and by her marriage has become the mother of four inter- esting children : Dora F., Edwin A., George S. and Laura M. Dora F. is the wife of Ben. Brown, and resides in Henderson Township. She has one child, Laura M. The other children reside at home. Mr. Allen has not been an aspirant for office of any kind and has in consequence not held any of importance in this township. He is, however, one of the most capable men in Henderson Township, and would do credit to any position of public trust. The names of the brothers and sisters are as found below : Rebecca became the wife of .\ W. Miller, and they are the parents of four children — Marcus C, Francis, Martin L. and Hannah May. Martin L. is deceased. Lydia is deceased- Sarah became the wife of Charles Rowe, and they are the pa- rents of two children — William and Arthur. George M. married Jessie Frantz, and has one adopted child, named Clinton. Bessie is deceased. Issachar' is married and had one child, now dead. Mary jnar ried .-Vndy Stewart; one boy has blessed this "union, named Othniel. Otis, now dead. Charles died at the age of 28, unmarried. Jackson is the ne.xt in . order. Lula became the wife of Cooper McCord, and ' has one boy, named William Clinton. On the paternal side of the house Mrs. -Mien is of English origin, and the maternal side is of English- French ancestiy. Her grandfather, George Ferkins, was a member of the English Parliament. He came to this countr)- and fought in the War of 1812 against his mosher country. He died in 1856, at the age of 98. Her grandfather, Moses Edwards, was a soldier of 1812, and also fought in the Black Hawk War. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are charter members of Fi- delity Lodge of Good Templars, of Galesburg. They are among the most active temperance workers of their vicinity, and within two years have traveled over 1600 miles in Knox and Warren Counties or- ganizing and directing temperance societies. Most • of this traveling was done on Saturdays and Sun- I days. Mr. Allen is a correspondent for the Republi- can Register , of Galesburg, as well as filling the office of President of the Correspondents' Associa- tion, of the same publication. He is a thoroughly progressive and enterprising man, and one who is up with the times in every respect. He is always ready and willing to assist in the advancement of any good cause, a fact taken advantage of by many persons interested in the public good. He and his wife are members of the Biptist Church, of Gales- burg, where they are held in high esteem. In politics he is a Republican, active and uncompromising, and with a clearness of judgment that is rarely met with in men not holding the highest offices, decides measures of good in the public cause that commend themselves to the gratitude and consideration of his fellows. lex. Thurman. A summary of the lives of many of the residents of Knox County are : '-''^ °* detailed on her records and go to show Z-^* what claim may be made to genuine manhood, '^^ citizenship, and a place among the active I workers in life, .\mong those none was better fitted to draw forth approbation than that of our subject, whose home was situated on sec. 29, Maquon Township, who followed the vocationof farming until liis demisfe, which occurred in August, 1882. He of whom we write, was born in Highland County, j Ohio, Dec. i, 1821. His parents were John G. and Dorothy (Strange) Thurman. They were natives of Ohio and Virginia, respectively. The father was born in 1795, and died in 1859. The mother was born in 1799, and is now living with her son's wife at the advanced age of 87 years. He came to Knox County in June, 1841, and six vears later, on the 26ih day of November, was mar- ried. After marriage he settled in Maquon Town- ship, where he was actively engaged in following the avocation of an agriculturist, and there met with extraordinary success until his decease, as above stated. Tiae maiden name of the wife of our subject was Eliza A., daughter of Mark and Fannie (Merchant) Thurman. Her parents were pioneers of Knox County, coming there as early as 1829. There they resided until their demise. Mark Thurman, the father of Mrs Thurman, was the first Justice of the Peace in Knox County. His demise occurred Oct. 26, 1 845 . The parental family consisted of ten children, of whom Mrs. T. was the third in order of birth. February 14,1820, in Highland County, Ohio, slie first saiv the light. She was only seven months old upon Jy-ZZ. "T" >£ T __L 234 KNOX COUNTY. her arrival in this county, where she has hved all her life, she being one of the oldest settlers in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Thurman, of this notice, have become the parents of one child, a daughter, named Clarissa, who died at the interesting age of two years; Dec. 19. 1850, being the date of her death. Since her hus- band's death, Mrs. Thurman has come in possession of the extensive farm of 320 acres of land, 200 of which is in a most excellent state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Thurman, having lost their only child, have raised five children, all reaching the age of man and womanhood. The names of the children they have reared will be found below: Zeruial McCullock, who was five years of age when he was taken to raise; Loren E. Thurman was the next child adopted, he being only three years of age when he was taken as one of their children ; Catherine Potts was raised and became the wife of Luther Moats; Nettie Hall came to their home when only 13 months old and has grown up to womanhood and is now the leading sup- port of Mrs. Thurman. ames McMurtry. Conspicuous among the I- prominent citizens of Knox County, and its enterprising and worthy men, useful for the characteristics they show forth, may be found "^F James McMurtry, a brief sketch of whom may "* be found herein recorded. He resides on a farm situated on section 3, Henderson Township, and is respected by one and all. Mr. M. was amons; the early settlers of Knox County, coming here in 1829, at a time when this part of Illinois was a broad prai- rie, with nothing to break the monotony of tl»e gently undulating country, as far as the eye could reach. His home was ir Crawford County, Ind., but his birth- place, Hardin. County, Ky., and the date of his birth Oct. 31, 1807. When he was eight years of age his parents went to Harrison County, Ind., and three years later, in 1818, moved to Crawford County, his mother dying there the same year. Here the subject lived until 1829, when his father emigrated to Knox County. The father died in Henderson Town- ship in 185 1. James received only a limited edu- cation while attending school, his time being abrevi- ated to about one year. Mr. McMurtry has engaged largely in agricultural pursuits, and, although regretting his lack of early drill, has often demonstrated that the heart may be cultured though long mental training is denied. No one can know him long and not recall the fact that " Often in a wooden house a golden room we find. " He has devoted his time almost exclusively to farm- ing with the exception of three years spent on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. He entered partnership with his brother William, who was afterward elected Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois (see sketch), and together they purchased a quarter-section of land in Henderson Township, and also bought a claim on another section. He then settled on section 3, where he has lived and estab- lished, and made desirable one of the finest farms in the township and county. He is one of the oldest settlers of this section of country. In 1848 he met with a severe and painful accident, one of his arms, — his right one — being caught in a threshing machine and so injured that he was obliged to have it ampu- tated. He, however, bears his loss with cheerfulness.' He is at present the owner of 150 acres of land, 50 of which is timber and pasture, and has been pros- perous in almost every endeavor. He united in heart and hand with Eliza Rice, April 5, 1829, in Crawford County, Ind. This lady was born in Hardin County, Ky., Nov. 20, 1809. She was the mother of 12 children, eight of whom sur- vive. The four deceased are : Jonathan, William, George and Ellen. Of the remaining part of the fam- ily, Minerva is the wife of Ruben Reeves and has a home in Iowa; Margaret is the wife of Michael Conley and resides in Nebraska; Lucinda is the wife Fielding Scott and is pleasantly situated in Nebraska- Andrew J. resides in Iowa ; Ruth wedded John Con- ley and has a home in Kansas; Jacob resides in Iowa; Ezra makes his home in Warren County; and Harriet resides at home. Mrs. McMurtry departed this life in Henderson Township, Sept. 23, 1879 Mr. M. has held many of the local offices has been Justice of the Peace, Su- pervisor and Assessor, besides other smaller ones. In politics, he is a Democrat, and voted the Presi- dential ticket for Andrew Jackson in 1828. In 1832, Mr. McMurtry, accompanied by two men — F. Freeman and Thomas McKee — went to Rock Island for guns to protect the stl lers from the Indains during th? PlacK H^vyk War, a^id was instrumental ^ UBRftHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 84 ft ■rHr KNOX COUNTY. *37 in having loo sent down the river by boat as far as Ruthsbur)', and from there transported by teams to his house, where they were distributed to the settlers. Mr. M. served during the Black Hawi< War under Maj. Butler. dward J. Wyman. It may in truth be said that from 1850 to 1856 more settlers ^ came into Knox County than during any j5S>. other equal period of •time since Daniel Robin- son erected his cabin in 1828. That was a great railroad building era, and the fertile land of Knox County was taken up rapidly, and claimed by early settlers. Our subject, who is to-day one of the leading farmers in Persifer Township, residing on section 17, came in with his parents, Arthur and Anna (Salts) Wyman. His father was a native of Steuben County, New York, and his mother of Ross County, Ohio. He was also engaged in agricultural pursuits during life. Both parents, continued to reside in Persifer Township until their death, the father dying >I.iibout the year 1876, and the mother Jan. 1884. It was in 1853 when they left Vinton County, Ohio,- for their journey westward, and finding what proved ,a desirable spot, located in Persifer Township, where young Edward continued a member of the household until 1858. During that year a new epoch in his life began with his marriage, and he settled down to follow the peaceful and independent calling that his father had previously honored. He selected what is his present location, and where during these 28 years he has continued to reside. He has erected upon his splendid 360-acre farm, a fine set of buildings, suitable for carrying on extensive agricultural enter- prises. Edward J. Wyman was born in Vinton County, Ohio, Jan. 10, 1833, and was married on the 4th of February in the year 1858, in Stark County, Illinois to Susan E. Bradford, daughter of Harvey S. and Esther (Whitten) Bradford, they being early pioneers of Knox County, who settled in Persifer Township. They subsequently removed to Haw Creek, where they are prominent and highly re- spected residents. Mrs. Wyman was born in Persi- fer Township, Nov. 24, 1837, and has become the mother of eight children, to whom they gave the fol- I lowing names, Mary A., Alice E., Willie P., Lincoln H., Oscar S., Minerva J., Clark E. and Rufus C. Mary, Oscar and Lincoln are deceased. Before her demise Mary had become the wife of Nels Eiker, and resided in Persifer Township, where she died. Mr. Wyman has taken a prominent position in the affairs of his township, as well as of the county, and has held the office of Supervisor for seven years, and also the offices of Constable, Assessor, Collector and Township Treasurer, up to the present time. The last he still holds. He labors and votes in support of the men and the principles of the Republican party. In his religious connection himself, wife and family are, excepting one son, members of the United Brethren Church. amesL.Campbell,of Indian PointTownship, is conspicuous among the farmers of Knox County, as not only being proficient in his art, but extremely successful in the pursuance of his vocation. His farm is situated on section 3, and as an agriculturist he has no superior in that section of the country. Mr. Campbell was born in Kentucky, near Paris, on April 11, 1829, and is the son of Lewis and Elizabeth (Wallace) Campbell, both born in Bourbon County, Ky., he Oct. 27, 1790, and she March 24, 1799. He died Aug. 9, 1849, in the State of his nativity, and she followed him May 17, 1885, in Knox County, III. They were united in marriage in May, 1818, when Mr. Can^pbell continued to pursue farming. To them were born six children, viz. : William W., Elizabeth, Margaret E., born Oct. 5, 1823, and who died at the early age of three years ; John H., born Dec. 13, 1835, and who died Dec. 22, 1852; Margaret 2nd., born March 20, 1S39, who died Nov. 22, 1852. Mr. William W. Campbell, brother to the subject of our sketch, was born on the 6th day of April, 1819, in Bourbon County, Ky. The portrait of this gentle- man, which will be found on another page, represents a man whose estimable life reflects credit not alone uix)n himself, but inspired to hope and encourage- ment the lives of those with whom he was directly or indirectly associated. He was a man of sterling qualities of mind and heart, and those who knew . him best could appreciate him most. " Honor to whom honor is due "is a motto that cannot be mis- V ■H > ■- -** 238 XJVOX COUNTY. placed, if found encircling the name of this good man. After the death of Mrs. Byram's husband, the widow finding herself the possessor of some consid- erable money, forwarded the same to her brother — the gentleman referred to — then in Kentucky, and they together invested it in some excellent pedi- greed cattle and high grades. Arriving in Illinois with these — 16 head in all — he so managed the busi- ness for his sister that Mrs. Byram's cattle became known as the finest of their kind in Illinois. In this way he laid the foundation of those striking successes created and enjoyed by those who survive him. His death took place Dec. i8th, 1876. Though dying in the hope of a bright future, he left many saddened hearts to mourn him. For quite a time in his'township he filled the posts of Assessor, Collector and represented his town- ship for several years on the Board of Supervisors. As an enterprising, consistent and conscientious citi- zen, Mr. Wm. Campbell has left a splendid record within the memory of those who knew and loved him. James Campbell, of whom we write, united in mar- riage with Mrs. Amanda Wood, nee Pitzer, December 4,1872. She was born in Kentucky, Oct. 24,1829, and came to Illinois with her parents when a small girl, seven years of age. They located near Carlins- ville. They were by name Clayborn and Sarah (Bradley) Pitzer. The father was born in Virginia, in 1802, and his death took place in February, 1865, in the State of Illinois. The mother was born Nov. 12, 1807, and still survives him. Their marriage was celebrated in 1825, and the union was blessed by 1 2 children, three of whom died in infancy. Those living are : Amanda A., Fletcher P., Henry L., Emory W., Samuel C, Newton C, George and one other, Mary A., who lived to become a most attractive and lovable young lady of 20 years, at which age she died. Mr. Campbell, our subject, owns 80 acres of fine land one-half mile east of Abingdon, and engages in the breeding of pure-blooded stock, Doth horses and cattle. He includes Short-horns among his cattle and Hambletonians among his horses. He is an ac- tive, energetic worker in his home affairs and shirks no duty, wiiether domestic or public. He has held the office of School Commissioner for three jears and is Democratic in political sentiment. He is an honest and devoted member of the Christian Church, and supports and helps that organization by his presence and prayers, no less than in a financial way. The first husband of Mrs Campbell was Edward Wood, who was born in Illinois Oct. 13, 1824, and died Nov. 12, 1859. Two children were born to them : Emma E., Nov. 18, 1851, and died Dec. 15, 1855; and Franklin P., born Sept. 13, 1853. He married Miss Fannie Philbrick, and his home is in Brown County, Neb. They have two children, by name, Harry L. and Chester E. Mrs. Wood, now Mrs. Campbell, is a member of the Congregational Church at Abingdon, and is an admired and estima- ble lady. Mr. Campbell remained in Kentucky un- til the year i86g, when he came to. Knox County, where he has remained up to the present time. '1^- ^ -K3- ideon Pitman. This gentleman's farm is^ located on section 3 of Henderson Town- ship. He came with his parents to Knox I County in the spring of 1842, and, settling in«^ Henderson Township, lived respected, andj died ; regretted by the community that had I shared both in their successes and sorrows. His par-J ents were John and Susan (Oatman) Pitman, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky. Mr. Pitman was the seventh child in a family of ten children, viz. : Joseph, John, Christina, George, Elizabeth, Harvey, Flora, Philip and Lucinda. George and PhiHn are deceased. The father died in 1849, and the mother in 1879. The subject of this biography was born in Harri- son County, Ind., on Nov. 17, 1831, and received a good common-school education. Since the year 1842 he has been almost exclusively engaged in agricul- tural pursuits and is the owner of 160 acres, 20 of which are under pasture and timber. He was mar- ried in Henderson Township on the 29th of March, 1855, to Mary J. Champion, the daughter of Thomas and Artimitia (.Miles) Champion; her parents being natives of Kentucky. Mrs. Pitman was born in Hen- derson Township on the 6th of March, 1836. Mrs. Pitman was the eldest of a family of six children, viz.: Mrs. P., Ruth, Nancy A., Drusilla, John H. and James M. The mother died in 1845, the father is still living. By this happy union there have heen 4-^»- LIBRARy OF THE LiJiVERSITV OF ILLINGic i^^' '//l(rt.t/y..>3''~ the subject of this biography, whose name ? finds a place on the records of Knox County, and of whose career a brief summary is herein given. He was formerly a hardware merchant and tinner, but at the present time devotes himself to farming, for which he has a liking and the duties of which he ably discharges. Mr. Flecker was born in Shenandoah Valley, Va., April 27, 1S14, and in 1856 moved to Lexington, McLean Co., El., where he remained for one year. At the expiration of that time he removed to Abing- don, where he worked at his trade for four years. He then established a hardware business, which hecon- ducted until 1S66, then sold out his stock, moved to Bushnell, McDonough County, and bought a half in- terest in the hardware store of E. P. King. He con- tinued as partner with him for one year, and then sold to Kingworthy & Hand. Pursuant to this he pur- chased a stock of dry-goods of James Cole, of Bush- nell, and this business he conducted until 1872, at which time he returned to Abingdon, 111., and opened a new hardware store, and continued the same for three years. In 1837, Mr. Flecker married Miss Sarah Gilkeson, who was born in Virginia in 1808, and died in Janu- ary, 1874, in Abingdon. She became the mother of four children : The first of whom died in infancy; the second, William A., was born in August, 1839, and was killed accidentally by shooting himself while out gunning. This happened in Virginia, in 1856; the third in order of birth was James H., April 13, 1842, who married Miss Ellen Washburn, of Prairie City, 111. His present home is 183 West Madison St., Chicago. He made a study of medicine, graduating for the profession at Rush Medical College ; Mary E. T. is the wife Mr. Manning Hunt, of Bushnell, 111. and was married in 1845. In October, 1874, Mr. Flecker married Miss Eliz- abeth L. Reeves, his second matrimonial alliance. She was a native of Ohio, born July 13, 1835. Her parents came to Illinois in 1850, and were Samuel and Susan (Martin) Reeves. They were natives of Kentucky and Virginia, respectively. He died in 1866, and she in 1869. Their family numbered six children : Eliza, Martha, Olive, Elmer, Lydia and Elizabeth. The Fleckers real estate consists 120 acres of finely cultured land and a house and lot in the city of .Abingdon. They carry on mixed husbandry. They are active members of the society in which they move and are worthy citizens, genial, courteous and honorable. They are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Abingdon, and for- ward the interests of that body in word and deed. Mr. P. is, politically, a Republican. Yj- H. Vaughn. Among the well-to-do and prosperous farmers of Sparta Township, who have succeeded in acquiring a compe- tency, and winning universal respect, is the subject of this notice, residing on section 19, where he is actively engaged in the prosecution of his chosen vocation. Mr. Vaughn was born in Knoxville, Nov. 22, 1834. The parents of our subject were John and Viny (Osborne) Vaughn, natives of Kentucky and Indiana respectively, and of German-Irish ancestry. John Vaughn and family came to this State and set- tled in this county in 1828. His was the second family to locate in Knox County, where he located on a farm of 160 acres. It must be remembered by the readers of these biographical notices that Mr. Vaughn's being the second family to settle in Knox County, that he must have come otherwise than in a Pullman Palace car, and that on his arrival he had many obstacles to overcome in making his settle- ment here. The land was in its original condi* ^^ HH 244 J^JVOX COUNTY. tion, no portion of it ever having brightened the share of a plow, and the only neighbors were the Indians, who were not friendly at all times with the early pioneers. John Vaughn was nevertheless fav- orably impressed with the lay of the land, and hav- ing great faith in the future development of the country, went to work on his farm with a deterraina- nation of making it his future abiding place, and was thus occupied on his original claim for three or four years. He then moved to Henderson Township, where he again engaged in agricultural pursuits and there lived and labored, overcoming all obstacles, which naturally fell in the pathway of the early pio- neer, until 1859. During this year he moved to Kansas, where he has an 80-acre farm, and where he is still living with his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Howe. His wife, who came to this county with him in 1828, and who shared his reverses and successes all along during the years of their married life, died in August, 1870, in Marshall County, Kas. It is hardly neces- sary in this short biographical notice for us to enum- erate the many trials and difficulties through which I John Vaughn and his good wife passed, from the time they made their early settlement here until her death, for they were similar to those of many others, and we more fully treat of this subject in another part of this work. They became the parents of seven children, named Sarah, Charles H., James T., Cor- nelius, Harvey M., Mary A. and Franklin P. Cor- nelius died in August, 1872. In addition to being an agriculturist John Vaughn was a skilled mechanic, and was employed as engineer in different mills in the county. Charles H. Vauglin was an inmate of the parental household until he attained the age of 18 years, re- ceiving his education in the primitive log school-house of that day, and assisted in the labors of the farm. When a boy residing at home there were no houses on the prairie from Henderson Grove to Knoxville, and he was often engaged in hunting wild horses on the uncultivated prairies which are now fenced and under an advanced state of cultivation. The early settlers in those days were under the impression that the broad prairies were worthless, so far as cultiva- tion was concerned, but Mr. Vaughn has lived to see those same prairies develop and made to " Bloom and blossom as the rose," and advance in value until they are at the present time worth $75 per acre. After leaving home Mr Vaughn worked for four *r 3C years with James Osborne, an uncle, and afterwards worked his farm on shares. It was at this period in the life-history of our sub- ject that he became a benedict, having united his destiny with that of Miss Helen M. Duval, the date of their marriage being Feb. 5, 1857. She was a na- tive of Warren County, and was born Dec. 25, 1836, her parents being Thomas C. and Nancy (Shoemate) Duval. (See sketch of T. C. Duval.) After his marriage Mr. Vaughn and his bride lived on rented land in Henderson Township, which he cultivated for two years He then moved to Wataga, where he also worked another year. November 7, 1859, in company with his wife and children, Mr. Vaughn moved to Kansas. He made the journey in a cov- ered wagon, and four weeks after his start arrived in Pottawattomie County, of that State, and was there a resident for 18 months. The first year of his resi- idence there he was engaged in splitting rails and making posts, and the second year worked a rented fiirm. He then moved to Marshall County, that State, where he purchased 80 acres of land, which he subsequently increased by an additional purchase of 80 acres, on which he lived and labored until 1879. The land which he purchased was prairie but he improved it erecting thereon good buildings, and set out an orchard of apples and peaches, and in 1878, a cyclone came, which struck his place the 30th of May, and completely demolished all his buildings, and destroyed his orchard, levelling it to the ground. Strange as it may seem, it is nev- ertheless true, that none of the family were killed. There were nevertheless 33 persons killed by this cyclone, within a radius of 13 miles. In 1879, after suffering the loss of his property by the cyclone, Mr. Vaughn returned to this State and county, settling north of Knoxville, where he lived four years. He then moved to Sparta Township, where he had purchased a farm of 236 acres, on which he settled and is living at the present time. In addition to his home farm he has 160 acres in Knox Township, and also retains his 80 acre farm in Kansas, where he suffered such a loss of property, and where his family came near losing their lives. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn seven children have been born, Lydia A., Sarah E., James T., John O., Ellis E., Benny C. and Nancy U. The latter of whom are twins. Lydia A. married H. B. Flinn, and they have three children, Clarence, Myrtie and I = RIS-r CF ASGUS FARM iNCr55 ir •4345 5cc- H B) PRIHCESSK. Pr I N c r S5 8 ( 3 2 3 8 5c aT. H - B . ) HERD OF POLLED=ANGUS CATXt-E f^^^f*^?»S|JM^-SS:*;*'<'^ -^T=n REsiDEKCEi Rarm^Phoperty OF FRANCIS WI L50N ,5ec.30, Persifer Township. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF lU'W^'^ t r-> ^JVOX COUNTY. 247 Charles. Sarah became the wife of George B. Lan- drutn, and to them two children have been born, Claude G. and Charles. James T. chose Miss Hat- tie E. Weed for his wife, and they have one son, Harrison T. Politically Mr. Vaughn votes with the Democratic party. Socially he is a member of the order of Ma- sonry. Religiously he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. The experiences of our sub- ject when he first made settlement in Kansas, were similar to those of his father when he first arrived in this county. We will not in this brief notice attempt to enumerate them all, but will simply say the coun- try was new and very sparcely settled, and his loca- tion was 20 miles from the county-seat, and there was but one house between him and that village. Sometimes he was compelled to go nearly 100 miles to obtain flour for his family, and on one of these trips, in company with six neighbors, they were gone 18 days. m-'>'^®f!PSVr<^ ^jK^jJ oseph N. Beed. The subject of this bio- yj^Sgit, graphical narrative, is one of the proprie- v^j^' tors and publishers of the Enterprise, a. X ji Republican organ in the journalistic field and jC a bright and newsy sheet, published at Abing- % don. 111. It is a five-column quarto and has a circulation of 750, being managed financially by Mr. Reed, and is edited by its publishers. Joseph N. Reed was born in Henderson County, 111., Nov. 20, 1858. He is the son of John and Char- ily (Webb) Reed. He was a bright, intelligent boy, with keen foresight and of quick native wit. He was educated in the public schools of Abingdon and sub- sequently graduated from Hedding College — one of the class of 1884. He entered into partnership with Robert E. Pendarvis, a class-mate, and the firm be- came known as Reed & Pendarvis. Their venture was the issuing of the Enterprise, a weekly Republi- can journal, and it proved eminently successful. The respective partners of the firm gained the good-will of friends and neighbors and proved themselves able, mentally and finacially, to fill their chosen positions, with all the more credit it may be said, because they were com])aritively inexperienced. The Enterprise has grown until it now ranks high among the live pa- pers of the county, and is a credit to its owners. NHJH#€ j^'ohn Mosser is a dealer in dry goods, boots and shoes, carpets and cloaks, and carries a stock valued at about $12,000, in the city of Abingdon. He is quoted as one of the town's successful merchants. Mr. Mosser was born in Preston County, W. Va., Jan. i, 1832, and is the son of John and Susan (Frankhouser) Mosser. His father was born in Pennsylvania and comes of a direct line of German forefathers. His mother was born in Virginia, but grew to woman- hood in West Virginia, on the farm of her father. John grew to manhood, spending the years prior to attaining his majority, in farming. He afterward went toMcDonough County, 111., in the year 1855, where he worked at blacksmithing, at Industry for nine years, and at' the expiration of that time — 1864 — re- moved to Abingdon, and in February, opened his present business house. He was married in the fall of i860 to Miss Mary Carroll, in McDonough County, She is the daughter of William and Sarah Carroll, and was born in Fayette County, Pa. The fruits of the first marriage of Mr. Mosser, are two children : Samuel T., born in 186 1 ; and Ida L., born in April, 1864. Mrs. Mosser passed from earth, Oct. 21, 1866, leaving her husband and children to mourn her loss. Mr. Mosser contracted a second matrimonial alli- ance with Sarah J. Carroll, Nov. 24, 1867, a sister of tlie first wife, who lias presented him with four chil- dren, three boys and one girl, viz. : Carlos G., Stacy C, Johnnie, who died at the age of two years ; and Sarah, lost in infancy, Mr. Mosser has been active in public service; has been Alderman one term an Mayor two years. He has also filled the oflfice of School Director 15 years. Mrs. Mosser and daugluer are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. They own a handsome and desirable farm of 240 acres, in Cedar Township, finely improved and well stocked, and 80 acres ad- ditional, in the same township, and also a quarter section in Coffey County, with one half section in t ^i4— ^* jt 348 J^-JVOX COUNTY. Reno County, Kas. He is a member, respectively, of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. Orders, and a use- ful man in the community in which he lives. aleolm Smith. Among the highly es- l teemed citizens of Knox Township is Malcolm Smith, a resident on section 23, ''*^^ whose biography is herein given. It was during the year 1862 that Mr. Smith first in- vested in real estate in Knox County, his initiatory purchase being 40 acres of land on section 23. The farm which he now owns he bought in 1867, and it was well improved even then, but in the ensuing year he commenced modernizing it, and lo-day it presents a most attractive appearance and is one of the most desirable homes in the township. Mr. Smith was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., ' Dec. 15, 1836. His father, James Smith, was a na- tive of the North of Ireland, and was of Highland- Scotch consanguinity and lineage. He was reared ^to agricultural pursuits, and entered the bonds of matrimony with J. McCann, a native of the same county as her husband. Soon after marriage the young pair emigrated to America, and located in Herkimer County, where they lived until 1858. They then removed to the State of Michigan, where he bought a farm and there lived until his death, in 1863 ; his wife following in a few months. There were nine children born of this union, the subject of this sketch being the second in order of birth. He grew to manhood and was educated to agricultural pursuits like his father before him, but wnen 20 years of age he tired of farm life and left it. After this he engaged as brakeman with the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad. He continued in this position for 18 months, at the end ot which time he was made freight conductor, and at this he continued for ten years, when he was promoted, becoming pas- senger conductor. This position he held two years, when he took another step upward and was made assistant train master, with headquarters at Joliet. He held this eighi years, pleasing his employers and gaining the approbation of the people at large ; re- ceived an appointment as train master, which he held nntil December, 1880, when he resigned and turned his attention to farming. The writer of this,. sketch was at one time employed as conductor un- der the immediate supervision of Mr. Smith, and will say in regard to his abilities, etc., that he was considered one of the best officers on the road, a man that was well liked by all the employees and whose ability as a railroad man was unquestionable. On the 7lh of March, i860, he entered the state of matrimony, his companion being Harriet Mar- tineau Randall. Mrs. Smith was born in Allegany, N. Y., on the 23d of December, 1839, and is the daugliter of Dennison and Elexemena (Pratt) Ran- dall, both natives of New York. Her grandparents were pioneers of Allegany County, N. Y., and her grandfather, on the Pratt side, was Doctor of Me- dicine, and at one time a Representative in the New York Legislature. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the par- ents of four children, viz.: Fred M., James D., George C. and Maude R. They are an agreeable, refined and cultivated family, and Mr. Smith is a keen, wide-awake man, with an eye to public interest and alive to all questions affecting public and private good. Politically, he is a Republican. Mrs. Smith and her two eldest children were connected by meuibership with the Central Presbyterian Church in Joliet, in 1878, where they have since remained members. itarrison Shumaker. The records of Knox County include the names of many worthy j^l^" citizens and industrious, able men, and 4j among them may be noted the subject of this j biographical narrative, a summary of whose life is herein given. He is a farmer and stock- grower of Indian Point Township, the place being familiarly known as Box-elder Grove Herd Farm, and is located one and a half miles northwest of Hernion and five miles southeast of Abingdon. He makes a specialty of stock-growing in addition to his agricultural pursuits and usually owns about 75 head of hogs, and a number of Clydesdale horses and Short-horn cattle. His dwelling is a two-story structure, commodious and convenient, the estimated cost being $2,000. His barn, 36x46 feet, is large and fully adapted to the purposes for which it is re- quired. Mr. Shumaker was born in Knox County April 9, 1S48, and is the son of John and Abigail (Leigh) Shumaker, both natives of Ohio, and who became t. KNOX COUNTY. f^ 249 the parents of 17 children. Harrison was united in marriage with Miss Sopliia Shoemaker, in February, 1875, who was born in 1850 in Knox County. She was the daughter of John B. Shoemaker, a native of Ohio, born near Columbus, July 5, 1815 ; He mar- ried Miss Sophia Rager, who was born in 1824, and who died in August, 1873. They had six children, the first of whom died in infancy ; Sarah E. married James Redwood, and she died in June, 1878; Jere- miah C. married Miss Clara Anderson, and is living in Abingdon ; Mahala J. is the wife of Robert Shu- maker and their home is in Knox County ; John L. died at the age of four years. Mr. Shumaker of this sketch has two children, one deceased — Artie L., born Jan. 17, 1876; and Elmer, born June 29, 1880, and died Jan. 30, 1883. The brothers and sisters of our subject are as fol- lows: Robert married Miss Mary J. Shoemaker; Phidelia, who died at the age of 16 years; Sally, who married S. P. Meek in 1873, and whose home is in Iowa ; Mary, now Mrs. Snyder, lives in Knox County ; William, who took for his wife Miss Ella Cashman; Niles P., who died at the age of nine years; Clarke, who married Annie Fuller; Lincoln, who died in infancy ; Ida, who married F. Moore and is now deceased ; James, who died at the age of five years, and Carey, who died at the age of six, besides Delia, Cora and Edna. Mr. S. is a man that takes considerable interest in educational matters and has been School Director for a short time. In politics he is a Republican. -„>> o«.o..(S>,X^..o4o V-- Plndrew Adams, deceased. In tracing the It history of Knox County and looking out the . origin of many points in its growth, we find ,«j!Kft as its supixjrt and help the many influential, l|^ good and worihy men, who aided its founda- I tion and who helped along its progress. Among these stands prominently the name of our subject, who resided on section 34, Maquon Township, and who was one of the important factors in its pros- perity. He came to Knox Coun'y in the spring of 1857, from Rome, N. Y., being accompanied by his wife and five children. His first purchase was made on section 34, Maquon Township, where he resided un- til his demise, which occurred July 25, 1885. Our subject was born in Ireland, and crossed the briny waters of the Atlantic when ten years of age. Upon I his arrival here he located in New York State, where I he remained until his removal to Knox County, in .857. I His marriage occurred Dec. 25, 1835, at Rome, N. Y., at which time Sarah Convadt became his wife. She was born April 13, 1809, at Rome. N. Y. The issue of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Adams has been six children, bearing the following names : Char- lotte, Mary, William, Benjamin, Andrew and Martha. William and Benjamin are the only surviving chil- dren. The former married Elizabeth Jacobs and they make Maquon Township their home; Benjamin Adams became the husband of Sophia Walters, daughter of L. J. Waltefs (see sketch), and they are residents of Peoria. Mr. Andrew Adams adhered to the faith of the ' Episcopalian Church, of which denomination he was a member. Since the death of her husband, Mrs. Ada-^ns has become the possessor of 160 acres of land, upon which she is passing the remainder of her days in peace and in the full enjoyment of a life well "*i spent. L. Stephenson. One of the principal merchants, and one of the most widely -0 W~ '^ known auctioneers of Knox County, is Mr. i^W^ G. L. Stephenson, of Oneida. He came to this place from an adjoining township in the fall of 1862, but had come into the county in 1850. He was born in in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scot- land, Oct. 20, 1838. His father, George, was a native of Aberdeenshire, and of an old Scottish family, who for many generations, were located on the same tract of land. The father was married in Ayershire, to Isabella McMillen, who was also of Scottish an- cestry and parentage. Both families were usually engaged in farming for many years in their respect- ive shires. The family, consisting of eight children, of whom Mr. S. was the sixth in order of birth, were all born in Kirkcudbrightshire, and all sailed for America in September, 1850, landing five weeks later at New Odeans. Proceeding up the river to St. Louis, by the advice of an acquaintance they located in Knox hr= -^ 250 KNOX COUNTY. County a month later, settling on unbroken prairie in Copley Township. The father at once set about to establish a home and improve his farm, which he successfully managed until his death, Jan. i, 1883, dying at the venerable age of 83 years. In religion he was a Presbyterian, and in politics a Republican. His first wife died in June, 1862, and he was again married, two children being born to him by his second wife, by name John and Adam. G. L. was about 13 years of age when the family landed in this county, and he set about to earn his own living three years after reaching his majority. He first began to farm, and also to operate a thresh- ing machine, at which he continued three years suc- cessfully. In 1863 he came to Oneida and estab- lished himself in the grocery business in partner- ship with Mr. Shimer, continuing two years, when he sold to Mr. S., going out of business for one year, when he opened a clothing store with Mr. C. F. Mettson, this firm lasting three years, and after an interval of two years Mr. S. engaged in this pleasant place, and in the business which he has successfully conducted, and has not only done well, but achieved a good reputation for fair dealing. In or about the year 1865, he engaged in the call- ing of an auctioneer for the people of this county, and has since achieved great popularity and success therein. His services are constantly in demand, both for stock selling and other classes of public property, and he has made not only a local but a general reputation throughout this part of the State. Although not an avaricious man, being always fair and liberal in his charges, he has acquired by his industry a pleasant home on Center Street, and also owns four acres of valuable land within the city limits. October 26th, 1865, he was married in Copley Township, to Miss Grace L. Stewart, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in or about the year 1839. Her parents being deceased she came to America with her uncle, at the age of 12 years, with whom she continued to make her home until marriage. She is the mother of five children, Frank, Milion, Grace, Jessie and Geo. H. The parents are members of the Presbyterian Church, walking worthily in the precepts of religion, happy in their home life and re- spected by their friends and neighbors for those sterling virtues which have always distinguished the rugged nationality to which they belong by binh. Mr. Stephenson shirks no public or private duty, and has served his townthip four years as Supervisor, the city two years as its Mayor, and is now a member of the City Council. He also stands high in the benev- olent orders, being a member of Oneida Lodge No. 337, A. F. & A. M., Oneida Chapter 1 73, R. A. M. and Galesburg Commandery No. 8, and also I. O. O. F. He is the master of his Masonic Lodge, and served as High Priest of the Chapter for many years. He is one of the solid Republicans of" the county, and has taken an active part in local politics, as every good citizen should. Intelligent, genial, honest and enterprising, new fields of duty and usefulness doubtless await him, and it is of all such citizens that any community may justly be proud, fortunate in- deed to possess many like him. obert Young is a farmer whose home is situated on section 30, Persifer Township, ^iiC(C\ and whose name and history are identified ' *W ^^''■^^ '^^ ^^^ pioneers of this section, as he came here in 1844, from Warren County, Ohio, and passed that winter in Knoxville. Inthe spring of 1845 he came to this township, and settled on section 30, thus laying the foundation for his present prosperous and desirable home. With him to attempt was to succeed, and though his be- ginning was comparatively humble, being endowed with a large degree of energy and pertinacity of pur- pose, he has gained beyond his highest expectations, the largest degree of success. This may be awarded that meed of prosperity which is the reward of indus- try and perseverance. Mr. Young was born in Warren County, Ohio, March 10, 1821, and moderate advantages were granted him in an educational way, he attended the common school receiving a fair degree of mental cul- tivation. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth Young, the former a native of Germany, and the latter an American, and a native of Philadelphia, Pa. Most of their lives were passed in Warren County, Ohio, where the father died in 1853. After a short period, succeeding his death, the mother came to Knox County to live with her children, but was spared to them only a brief time, dying in Abingdon, in 1859. Mr. Young, of this writing, has engaged actively in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. His landed possessions are extensive and desirable, in- '-K::! I ..< ti/ LIBRARY OF THE L.^iVERSITY OF ILLINH!; TTt^^^ J?'. :>f-vith his father; and Elizabeth is the wife of Martin Brooks, whose home is in Aledo, 111. ; Eliza- beth had previously married Daniel Anderson, and had by her first marriage five children, two of whom are deceased, and three living. The litter are as follows ; James, Archibald and Francis. By her sec- ond marriage she has four children, viz. : Lucian, Lena, Emma and one unnamed. Mrs. Wilson died in Knox Township, Jan. 3, 1S38. Mr. Wilson re-married in Knox Township in Sei?- V .^>--^ 256 KNOX COUNTY. tember, 1840, to Elizabeth McPherrin, a sister of his first wife. By this union there were five children : John, James A., Francis M., Drucilla J. and Mary E. Drucilla and Mary are deceased. The former lady was the wife of Peter Collins and resided in the Township at the time of her death. She left four children, as follows : John, Ralph Bessie and Fran- cis B. John and James A. both live in Galesburg Township. Francis W. is married to Clara Thomas and resides in Persifer Township with his father, on the home place. Mr. Wilson's broad and observant intellect has naturally marked him to be one of the best citizens of this section of country. He is noteworthy for his keen foresight, his untiring energy of purpose and his prompt and active execution. No less is this power and ability shown in his financial prudence. He has engaged largely in stock-raising and has some of the finest thorough-bred animals in the United States. Among them are pure-bred polled Aberdeen or Angus cattle that vary in value all the way from $500 to $2,000 and $3,000. He takes especial pride in this particular breed. His great success is in the depart- ment of extensive stock-raising. His horses are amang the finest in the vicinity, and of these he has 50 head on hand. They are the Clydesdale breed, and of which slock he has recently purchased a thorough-bred stallion. For many years he has been interested in this department and is one of the pio- neers in that branch of industry in his county, prob- ably doing more tlian any other one man to bring up the grade of stock to its present high standard in his neighborhood. His stables are among the most convenient and neatly arranged buildings in the county. The care and attention shown in his breeding department has won the praise and caused the surprise of many who have hitherto thought themselves expeits in at- tention to the wants of high-bred animals. His res- idence is also considered as handsome, commodious and finely located as any in this section of country, and it is with pleasure that we present a view of it, with its delightful surroundings and some of his fine stock in this volume. He has proved that he "Meant to do much for the honor of God and for all man- kind." He is a Director in the schools and was the first School Treasurer in Persifer Township. A most useful man politically, he is found always ready and has never ceased to identify himself with the Demo- cratic party, whether working for the good of his- country or for that organization. He was unfortun- ately deprived of a life companion, his second wife dying on Aug. 15, 1882. She was an excellent and trusted member of the Presbyterian Church. The portraits of Mr. Wilson and wife appear on another page. »' I pl!^ ansing J. Dawdy. But a few short years aL^jt ago the fine productive farms which can I'JW^T now be seen in almost any direction in the county, were wild and uncultivated tracts of prairie land. They have been brought to an ad- vanced condition through the energy and per- severance of men who came here to establish perma- nent homes and who have labored industriously to that end. Yet, not alone to the agriculturist is the advancement and growth of Knox County attrib- utable. The business men — the merchants and the professional men — were alike necessary to develop the county to the magnificent position it occupies to- day in comparison with other counties of the State. As one of Knox County's most honored and respected citizens, and a gentleman who has been identified with its past growth and development as a farmer and merchant, we take pleasure in mentioning the name of Lansing J. Dawdy. The parents of Mr. Dawdy, Howell and Elizabeth (Ralston) Dawdy, were natives of Kentucky. They were married in that State and continued to reside there until they came to Marshall County, 111. From the latter county they removed hither in 1838, locating in Indian Point Township. There the father followed farming for a livelihood for about five years, when, with his family, he removed to Chestnut Township, and there his good wife, mother of our subject, died in 1845. The father afterward broke up house-keep- ing and concluded to live with his children in Mc- Donough County, 111., until his demise in 1864. He and his wife were the parents of nine children, named : Alfred R., James H., William R., John A., Margaret M., Lansing J., Joseph M., Andrew J. and Henry C. Lansing J. Dawdy was born while his parents lived in Marshall County, this State, June i 6, 1837, and was about one year of age when his parents came to this county. Having lived here continuously since that time, Mr. Dawdy may be said to have been I KNOX COUNTY. 257 ^ identified with the best interests of Knox County ' during his life. He spent his early years on a farm, and attended school, alternating the two until 20 years of age. He then spent one season in Kansas, and after returning to this State, entered -Abingdon College, and was there engaged in study for about a year. At the breaking out of the late Civil War, our sub- ' ject was engaged in the work of a pedagogue, but abandoned the same, and August i, 1862, enlisted in the 86th 111. Vol. Inf., and served his countr)- bravely and well for (wo years and nine months. He enlisted as a private and was promoted to Adjutant of the Regiment. In the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864, he was wounded by a shot through the body, and at the same time taken prisoner. He was confined at Atlanta and during the time made many friends among the enemy. He was about to be taken to the residence of a private family, by consent of the surgeon in charge, and a room and bed was prepared for him in the domicile spoken of, ' but just as he was on the point of being removed a ' shell from Sherman's guns came crashing through the house and completely demolished the bed in which he was to lie. He was also confined at Ma- con, Savannah and Charleston and was paroled at the latter place, and came from there to Annapolis, Md., and two weeks later he was sufficiently recov- ered to travel. After convalescing he went to Camp ! Chase, early in Januar)', 1865, near Columbus, Ohio, and took charge of the paroled forces, and continued there until March, when he was transferred to St. Louis, and from there sent to the Officer's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, where, on the ist day of May, 1865, he received an honorable discharge. During the time Mr. D. was in the service, he passed through a good many engagements, among the most notewor- thy was Perr)ville, Ky., Mission Ridge, Sheppard's Run, Buzzard's Roost and that of Kenesaw Moun- tain. Receiving his discharge from the army, our sub- i ject at once returned to his home in this county and | again entered upon the peaceful pursuits of life. He engaged as merchant's clerk in a dry-goods store in Maquon village, the firm being D. Housh & Sons, and was in their employ, off and on, for three years. In the fall of 1868, Mr. Dawdy removed to Iowa, : where he embarked in the nursery business, and con- tinuing at the same for six years met with signal 1 success. At the end of this time he disposed of his stock, returned to Maquon and there resided until 1878, in the meanwhile speculating in w^hatever of- fered him a chance to increase his exchequer. In 1878, he entered the employ of G. D. Crocker at Ma- quon, and had charge of the store which he soon af- terward bought, and which business he conducts at the present time. He carries a good stock of gen- eral merchandise and by fair and honest dealing with his patrons has established a constantly increasing trade. He owns village property at that place and also a farm in Iowa. Mr. Dawdy was married in Maquon village, Feb. 8, r866, to AHce E. Huber, daughter of S. A. and Ruth (Barrett) Huber. Her parents were among the pioneers of this county and made their settlement in Haw Creek Township. They are now residents of Maquon, and the children born to them were three in number: Alice E., Catherine and Belle. Mrs. Dawdy was born in HawCreek Township, Jan. 21, r849. She and her husband are the parents of three children ; Lansing J., Jr., Callista L. and Emma H. Mr. Dawdy has been Township Clerk, Assessor, and also a member of the Village Board. Socially, he is a prominent member of the order of Masonry, and likewise belongs to Post 552, G. A. R. Religiously, Mrs. Dawdy is a member of the Methodist Episcopal ' Church. In politics, Mr. D. votes with the Demo cratic party. f^ illiam P. Alexander. Prominent among the able men and representative citizens of Knox County may be named the sub- let of this biographical narrative, a sum- mary of whose life is herein recorded. He is a farmer in Sparta Township and his home- stead is situated on section j,\ and is known as one of the most desirable in the neighborhood. His handsome residence, which was erected in 1883, is worthy of notice, and his home has been the field of labor to which he has devoted his heartiest energies. Mr. Alexander was born in Greene County, Ohio, Nov. 26, 1834, and his parents are Joseph and Mary (Pollock) Alexander, natives of Kentucky aad Nova Scotia. In the year 1809 they came to Ohio, and there continued until t845, when the father died. A family of six children grew up about them, by ^ ■♦■ ■»-H^ 258 KNOX COUNTY. name as follows: Hosea Y., William P., Mary A., Tlieodore C, John S. and Cynthia J. The mother of this family still survives and lives at Aledo, 111. She came to Illinois with her family in 1850, settHng in Warren County, from which she moved subse- quently to Mercer County. Our subject remained under the parental roof un- til he was 16 years of age, and while in Ohio at- tended school. The first day of his commencing school he was thrown into the society of Whitelaw Reid, who is now an editor in New York City and famed throughout the entire country. After William left home he drove a team of six yoke of oxen for the breaking of prairie land. At this hard labor he continued for five years, and in i86r rented a farm in Mercer County, 111., where he remained until 1868. He then moved to Knox County, purchasing the 80 acres of land on which he now lives. This he has cultivated, beautified and adorned until it is indeed a home in the truest sense, and an abiding place "To the stranger within the gates." In the year 1864 he united his heart and fortune with those of Miss Elizabeth Stuart, a native of West Virginia. Mrs. Alexander was blessed with those qualities that go to make up a true woman, and has proved a devoted and valued companion — "A per- fect woman, nobly planned." They have four IfVing children, by name, Evan, Harrie E., Mary Z. and Floyd E. Mr. Alexander is a Republican in poli- tics, taking great interest in national affairs, and de- votes himself more or less to educational interests, holding the position of School Director in his dis- trict. Jjcslie McGirr, Attorney at Law, Maquon, is the eldest son of the family of Mahlon and Sarah L. (Barbero) McGirr. (See sketch of Mahlon MaGirr and also of Nathan Barbero, deceased.) Our subject was born in Maquon. His early life was spent at home after the usual manner of boys of his period. His father followed the peaceful and independent calling of farming, and young McGirr assisted him in the duties thereof until 1873, when he engaged as a ped- agogue. He taught for the first time in Elba Town- ship. He was classed among the most successful. ^ L>J teachers and we find him engaged as Principal of the school at St. Augustine, and later on he held the same oflSce in a school at Prairie City, McDonough Co., this State. His teaching covered a period of 63 months, not, however, without interruption. Dur- ing this time he also attended school, having in mind the profession which was his choice and which has been his life work. He attended the Abingdon College for three years. While engaged in teaching and attending school, he took up the study of law and studied three years under the supervision of Leander Douglas, of Galesburg, and was duly admit- ted to the Bar, Nov. 13, 1882. In May, the following year, he located at Maquon, where he still remains in the practice of his profession. He is a Notary Public and with a fast increasing business, his pros- pects for studying and gaining a place in his profess- ion is indeed flattering. Our sul ject takes an active interest in all the af- fairs of the day, and being of a genial disposition has a host of friends. We find him prominently con-' connected with the Masonic Fraternity and also that of the I. O. O. F. rs. Ellen Behringer. The lady of this , personal narration, is the relict of Mi- ^ '^chael Behringer, who departed this life Oc- )^^''\ tober. 30, 1870. She is one who has occu- •'* pied a wife's sphere of usefulness, and has I known the hardships of a pioneer's life. She came to Galesburg at an early day, and recollects the time, when that now pleasant and populous little city, was sparsely inhabited, and the inconven- iences of which were neither few nor far between. From what was almost a wilderness, she has watched the growth and advancement of a section of country that has veritably " Blossomed as a rose. " Mr. Behringer was born April 4, 1824, and was a native of Germany. His parents were George and Susan Behringer, who were both natives of Germany. Michael emigrated to America, May 31, 1853, and settled in Chicago. From this point he engaged in railroading, which occupation he followed until his death. His marriage occurred Dec. 8, 1854, with Miss Ellen, daughter of Daniel and Christine (Hut- man) Smith. Her parents were natives of Germany, as was also Mrs. Behringer. They died in Germany, } LIBRARy OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS t KNOX COUNTY. 361 the dates of their deaths being 1861 and 1853, re- spectively. In the year that chronicles her mother's death, the daughter came to America, and coming West to Illinois, located in Chicago. In that city she was united in marriage as before mentioned. Follow- ing this event they removed to Galesburg, Knox County, where Mr. Behringer followed his occupation as a railroad man. He had purchased 100 acres of land in Sparta Township, in 1 865 , on which the widow at present resides. Mrs. Behringer is the mother of four children liv- ing, by name — George, Daniel, William and Ellen. The home place is still worked by Mrs. Behringer, and she has shown an undaunted spirit of persever- ing energy. She and her family are members of the Lutheran Church of Galesburg, and work heartily and unitedly for the good of their fellowmen. Mr. Behringer, during his life was a stanch Demo- crat, adhering to the doctrines of that party. He, in addition to his ordinary work, took charge of the re- pairing of cars, and was a man so diligent in business that he won the entire confidence of the comraunit)- and was respected by all who knew him. r§«[ mos Hall. Prominent among the well-to-do and successful farmers, stock-raisers and breeders of Knox County, is the subject of this biographical notice, who resides on section 2, Indian Point Township. Mr. Hall was born in De'aware Count)-, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1839. His father was David and his mother S^rah (Sutton) Hall. The father was bom in New Jersey, Feb. 8, 1804, and the mother in the same State April 5, 1803, and both are li\ing. They emigrated to this State in 1866, and located in Abingdon, where they are at present residing. The issue of their union was five children : Perry I., Mercer, Rebecca, Amos and Stephen, the latter djing when three years of age. Mr. Hall of this notice, was united in marriage with Miss Mary Piatt, Dec. 7, 1865, at Cardington, Morrow Co., Ohio. She was born .\ug. 18, 1843, in Delaware Count)', Ohio, and is the intelligent and accomplished daughter of Alaiison and Rachael (White) Piatt, na- tives of Clinton County, X. Y., where her father was bom, Sept. 7, 1807, and who died in June, 1879, in Wisconsin. The mother of Mrs. Hall was bom May 20, 18 1 3, and died in 1848, in Delaware County, Ohio. Of the children born to the parents of Mrs. Hall there were eight in number and named — Helen, Ruth and Rhoda (twins,) Edward, Charles, Mar- garet, Mar)- W. and John B. The household of our subject has been brightened by the birth of four children and saddened by the death of three. The record is as follows : Frank A. was born Sept. 27, 1866; Rosa, Feb. i, 1872, and died Sept. i, of that year; Elsie T., born Sept i6, 1873, died Dec. 18, 1878, of diphtheria; John C, born Sept. 8, 1877, died Dec. 30, 187S, with the same disease. They also adopted a little girl in 1885, whom they have named Nellie, her birth having oc- curred Sept 2, 1883; and our subject has likewise taken into his household a boy, by name Charlie Ba- ker, to raise to the age of maturity, and who is the son of a widow of that name. Mr. Hall, in addition to the raising of the cereals, has, during the past, devoted considerable time to the breeding and raising of stock, his specialty of cattle being Polled-.\ngus. In 1883, he and his son' purchased Baron Balgarshaw, a full-blooded Polled- Angus bull. He was imported by J. J. Rogers, of Cedar Township, in 1880, and was raised from a»=^ calf, by Thomas Ferguson, of Kinnochtry Coupar, Scotland. The farm of Mr. Hall is known as the Mound Farm, and consists of 360 acres of land un~ der an advanced state of cultivation. It is said to be the highest tract of elevated ground in Knox County, and he has on the place 15 head of full- blooded Polled-Angus cattle and 50 head of partially blooded Angus cattle. His bull, Balgarshaw, is one of the best breeders in the country and his daughters have sold for $1,000 a piece. His present weight is 2,000 pounds. The father and son, Iso have an- other. Prince Harry, also imported from Scotland. He is but two years old, weighs 1,500 pounds and is a pure-blooded Princess. They had still another ani- mal, Lena, now^ead, and for whom they paid, to- gether with her calf, young Lena, No. 1761, $1,200. .Again, the Princess Beatrice, No. 1695, purchased at a cost of $1,000; Coota comes next and cost S550. Last, but not least among their fine herd, is Princess Maude, No. 5520; she cost $2,000. Mr. Hall and son have no trouble in finding ready sale for all their blooded calves at high prices, for the reason that the record of purity of blood is clear. As a farmer and stock- raiser, and a gentleman closely identified with the interests of the community -H- 4 ■• ^ j 262 KNOX COUNTY. in which he resides, in an agricultural as well as a social sense, the subject of this notice is certainly the peer of any. His success in life is the outgrowth of his own individual effort, together with his good judgment and indomitable perseverance. #-* J^fS-4r4fi< athan Barbero, deceased, came to Knox County in the fall of 1839, with his wife and three children, from Oneida County, N. Y., and made settlement in the village of Maquon. In 1872, Mr. Barbero left the village and moved to Haw Creek Township, where he was a sturdy tiller of the soil until his demise, which took place Jan. i, 1885. He was a farmer and ensjaged quite extensively in agriculural pursuits, and at the dale of his death was the proprietor of 1,000 acres of land. Mr. Barbero was born in Montgomery County, N. Y., April 13, 1805. His life was spent in York State until he came to Illinois, and he was married in Oneida County, the former State, March i, 1832, to Calista W. Loomis. She was born in Oneida County, N. Y., Aug. 9, 1809, and bore him four children — Anna, M., Sarah L., Natlian H. and John J. Anna M. is the widow of Alexander O. Donason. and resides in Maquon Township. (See sketch ;) Sarah L. is the vrife of M. McGirr. (See sketch;) Nathan H. mar- ried Eliza Bird and resides in Haw Creek Township; John J. married Clara Will and is a farmer of Haw Creek Township. Mrs. Barbero was formerly a mem- ber of the Christian Church. Her parents were Jer- emiah E. and SaUie (Higbee) Loomis, he of Irish and Welsh extraction, and she of English ancestry. Mrs. Barbero was the second in order of birth of a family of six children, viz.: Sally, Nathaniel S., Lu- cinda, Lorinda andCelestia. Sally became the wife of John Ennis, who in their turn became the parents of II children, five of whom are now living; Nathan- iel S. married Betsy Ennis, by the union four chil- dren were born to them. He is now deceased ; Lucinda married Leonard Rogers, but is now dead ; Lorinda married Lot Webster, and both are numbered with the departed, and Celestia, who died when young. Mr. Barbero was the fifth child in order of birth of a family of nine children, viz. : Margaret, Nellie, Matthais, John, Aaron, Nathan (our subject,) Freder- ick and Rebecca. Margaret became the wife of Abraham Van Horn ; Nellie married Geo. Castler ; Matthais married Catherine Fink; Aaron left home at the age of 28 or 29, and was never heard from; John is now deceased; Frederick married Malinda Bartell ; and Rebecca became the wife of Harry Libolt. Mr. Barbero 's father was born in Connecti- cut and the mother in New York, and his parents were John and Sallie (VanPattent) Barbero. They were of German and Holland extraction. eorge C. Hudson is a farmer residing on ^ section 12, in Cedar Township. This gen- ^JP^"^ tlema" w=is born in Oneida County, N. Y., ftlSTi fjQy 3^ 1833, and is the son of Isaiah and Fan- nie (Burrell) Hudson, natives of England. His father was born in 1805, in Lincolnshire,. England, and died Nov. 7, 1882, in Knox County, where Geo. C. now resides. His mother was born Oct. 24, 1808, and on her birth day, 1832, the mar- riage of herself and husband took place in New York State. She is now a resident of Knoxville. By this happy union there were ten children, viz. : George C, Charles J., Robert, Isaiah W., Samentha, Louise, Mary Ann, Cornelious, Jane and Henry. The gentleman whose name heads this history, married Miss Angeline Carter, Nov. 21, 1855. This lady w-as born May 31, 1839. She was the daughter of David and Melinda (Riddle) Carter. They were both natives of Indiana, his birth taking place April 3, 1814, She was born March 7, i8i6. Her de- cease taking place Nov. 8, 1839; only- one child, Angeline, is now living. The children born to Mr. Hudson are: Charles M., Feb. 3, 1857; George C, Oct. 25, 1858; Robert J., Sept. 21, i860; Clara J., April s, 1863; Fannie M., Oct. 8, 1865; Eva, Dec. S, 1867; Lewis C, April 7, 1870; Lennie A., June I, 1872 ; Mary E., Oct. 3, 1874; and Oliver B., Feb. 24, 1879. None of these children are yet mar- ried. Oliver and Lewis are deceased. Mr. Hudson has ii8j^ acres of good land on sec- tion 12, of this township, where he has erected a fine dwelling, 28 x 28 feet, one and one-half story high. And on the place he has a verj' suitable barn, 32x42 feet. This is substantial in structure and ■^^ KNOX COUNTY. 263 well finished inside. There is also a wagon shed 14x32 feet. The wife of tliis gentleman was born in Hender- son Township, Knox Co., 111. Mr. H. first came to Illinois with his father in the fall of 1837, and located in Warren County. In 1839 he arrived where he at present resides. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Knoxville, and an Independent in his political views. In 1864 he came to where he now lives and bought the residence which he is at present occupying. Cornelius was a soldier during the late war. The family are pioneers in Knox County, having come here in 1839. @|.3'3a(j»^»'w~^ ~\A/>,~vt4£a1s'^^ g^amuel Junk. Conspicuous among the more influential and worthy citizens of Knox County, and characterized for his sterling worth and upright character, is the subject of this brief personal history, the prin- cipal items in whose record are here given. He is a resident of a farm situated on section 18, Rio Township, and is a useful member of society, oc- cupying many of the local offices, among them that of Road Commissioner. Mr. Jimk came to Knox County at the same time that his brother, Thomas, took up his abode there (see sketch of Thomas Junk, of Henderson Town- ship). He had a predilection for agricultural pur- suits and settled in Henderson Township, where he lived until the spring of 1866. Tarrying there for a brief season, he later came to Rio Township, where he took up a farm on section 18, which land he had bought two years previously. Here was begun the improvement and cultivation which has since pro- duced such admirable results. At this time were laid the founda'ions of his present handsome home. All modern additions have been made; his land has been enriched by tilling, and new and substantial buildings have been erected thereon and this home may be truly called one of the most desirable and at- tractive in the county. Two hundred acres of land in Knox County and 160 in Mercer County are the property of Mr. Junk and are an acquisition of no mean value. The subject of this narration was born in Fayette County, Pa., Dec. 19, 1832. The parents of Mr. . -X Junk were James and Elizabeth (Lincoln) Junk. Mr. Junk was the second in order of birth of a family of seven cliildren, viz.: John, Samuel, Thomas, Sa- rah, Henry, Jackson and Robert. John married Elizabeth Robertson and they are the parents of two children, viz.: Stephen D. (deceased) and Alexander R. Thomas married Maria Kilgore. This union has been blessed by seven children : Jessie, Frank, Alvin, William, Minnie, David and Edith. Sarah is living on the old homestead in Pennsylvania; Henry is married and has two children, James and an in- fant not named; Jackson and Robert are deceased. The paternal side of the Junk family is of Irish or- igin and from the mother's side it conies of Dutch stock. Mr. Junk has but just reached the meridian of life, having attained the age of 54, and being hale and vigorous, may live to attain the three score and ten years allotted to man. In his earlier years he attended the common schools, receiving an ordinary education. Feeling that honest labor dignifies a man, he learned the carpenter trade, which he followed in Pennsylvania and at which he worked for two years after coming to Knox County. At Knoxville, May 20, i8!;8, he completed his happiness by choosing a life companion in the person of Ann, daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Dunlap) Henderson, both na- tives of Fayette County, Pa. The parents of Mrs. Junk came to Knox County in 1855 and settled in Henderson Township, where they passed the re- mainder of their days, departing this life in the same county, the mother in 1870 and the father in 1874. Mrs. Junk was born in Fayette County, Pa., March 8, 1839, and there lived until she came to this county, under the guardianship of her parents. Mrs. Junk is the first child of a family of seven, viz. : Hannah, Mary, Stewart, Martha J. ; those de- ceased are Lizzie and Cynthia. Hannah became the wife of H. G. Shinn. They have four children liv- ing, viz. : Francis, Libbie E., Nellie and Wallace. Mary is the wife of Samuel Rankin, and they are the parents of four children, viz. : William, Mary E., Samuel and Horace. Stewart has been married, but is now single. He has a family of five children, viz. : Ada, Luella, Annie, Eva and Belle. Martha became the wife of Alexander Ritenhouse, and they have three children now living : Mamie, Jacob H. and Edna. Libbie (now deceased) was married to Tay- lor Lynn and had one child, Almond. On the pa- -(^ 264 KNOX COUNTY. ternal side of the house Mrs. J. is of Irish origin. To the house of Mr. and Mrs. Junk has been added four children, viz. : Lizzie H., James H., Myr- tle E. and Edwin T. Lizzie H. is the wife of Taylor Lynn and resides in Rio Township, while the other children are still inmates of the parental home. They have also taken the entire charge of Annie Henderson since she was an infant of ten months, and the little one has grown up in their midst, a source of much pride and pleasure to one and all. Mr. Junk takes an active part in educational mat- ters and has been a School Director in his district for a number of years. He is a keen, alert thinker in political matters, and is identified with the Demo- cratic party, whose sentiments he voices and whose principles he upholds. ^3 €>- ^'ohn L. Bloomfleld. Standing in the fore- most ranks of busy workers and among 3PP*S« the enterprising and industrious men of Knox County, may be named the subject of ^F this detailed personal narration. He is a ^ farmer, living on section 34, of Rio Township- He may be reckoned with the early settlers of this section of country, as he emigrated from Montgom- ery County, Ind., to his present home in the fall of 1845. The subject of this biography was born in Butler County, Ohio, June 9, 1836, and was nine years of age when his parents came to Kno.x County. He at- tended scliool in his native State, receiving a good, practical education, and improving his opportunities, unlike many in young America of that date. In con- sequence of his persevering efforts, he found his drill and discipline during these years of immense advantage to him in later life. He has always taken an interest in educational matters and has been School Director for some length of time, being al- ways ready to promote the best interests of schools and scholars. His matrimonial alliance was formed on April i, 1858, with Elizabeth Coziah, a native of Knox County, who has borne him two children: Edwin D. and Francis M. On the 25th of June, i868, he united in marriage (having lost his first companion, in Henderson Township), with Miss Hannah C. Gritton. She was born in Kno.x County, Jan. 25, 1850 Resulting from this marriage there have been six children : Le Verne A., George E., William E., Ellis J., Videlli and Etheleni F.; William died in infancy. The parents of the subject were Isaac and Mary (Hahn) Bloomfield, natives of Ohio and Indiana re- spectively. They settled in Knox County in 1845, and there made a home, in which they continued until the day of their death, that of the father occur- ring in 1878 and the mother's in 1884. The parents of Mrs. Bloomfield were George and Lucy (Nation) Gritton, both natives of Kentucky. They came to Knox County when quite young and were married in that section of country, where they began life and were attended by prosperity in their honest efforts to gain a sustenance. The mother departed this life in Henderson Township, in 1866, while the father died in Missouri in 1882. Mr. Bloomfield is one of the most useful men that the county includes, and is keen, quick and accurate in his opinions and decisions. Locally he is helpful and often fills some minor office. He is an active politician, and a Democrat in voice and vote. In religious belief he is liberal and large minded and is believer in the Universalist faith, with which denom- ination he worships. ames B. Maekay. Among the prominent ^" and influential citizens of Abingdon, whose interests have been closely connected with that place since his locating there in 1879, is jt the gentleman whose name heads this notice. I The First National Bank of Abingdon, of which Mr. Maekay is President, was established in August, 1885, and opened its doors for business on the ist day of September of that year, its officers being J. B. Maekay, President; M. C. Kimball, Vice-Presi- dent; W. A. Latimer, Cashier. Its capital stock was $50,000. It was an outgrowth of the People's Bank, of Abingdon, which was established in 1879, and of which M. O. Bates was President and the subject of this notice Cashier. James B. Maekay was born in Edinburgh, Scot- land, June 24, 1845, and is a son of John and Jes- LIBRARY OF THE L.JIVERSITY OF ILUNOiS ^2i«^,-i-t--v^-^ €^^>^.^^^^^c-^j J»(S^' //6&rJZi/U6L O'^uc/MX LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILUNCl: <^ KNOX COUNTY. 269 sie (Ross) Mackay, natives of that country. Young Mackay was reared to manhood in his native land, where he received a good education. Subsequent, to his attaining the age of manhood, he engaged in the banking business in Scotland, and was thus oc- cupied for r5 years. In 1878 he set sail for the United States, and in July of that year we find him at Galesburg. Remaining there for about a year, he removed to Abingdon, where he accepted an ap- pointment as Cashier of the People's Bank. Serving in that capacity until 1883, he was elected President of the bank, which jxjsition he held until its re-or- ganization and until it was merged into the First National Bank. He was then elected President and has held that position until the present time. He is one of the most popular business men of Abingdon, and is well known throughout the entire county. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Mackay was married in Brooklyn, N. Y., in ' April, 1881, to Miss Anna G., daughter of Patrick R. Ramsay. She was bom in Scotland, and arrived in this country April 18, 1881. aniel Fuqua. Kno.x County Includes some ^ notable and eminently worthy men within " her borders, among whom may be named the subject of this recital, the details of who^e history are herein recorded. He is a pioneer of this section, and after many useful years of life, spent in forwarding the interests and growth of the county, is living retired in Kno.\ville. Mr. F. was bom on the banks of James River, in Bedford County, Va., on the iSth day of October, 1814. His father, Joseph Fuqua, was also a native of Virginia, and the maiden name of his mother was Martha Reynolds. The State of her nativity was also Virginia, and when our subject was in his third year his parents removed to Kentucky and settled in Hart County. Here his father bought a farm and engaged in the culture of tobacco, and here they con- tinued until the fall of 1S29, when he sold out and emigrated to Illinois. With him were his wife and eight children, and with both horse and ox teams they pursued their journey as far as Indiana, where they spent the winter, and in the spring pushed fonvard to Kno.x County. Here they located at Henderson Grove, and finding a vacant cabin, of logs, on the south side of the Grove, they moved into it on the loth of May and resided there until the following fall. He, at this time, took up a claim in the heart of Henderson Grove and there built a log cabin of his own. He covered the roof with split clapboards, making puncheons for the floor, and splitting the boards for the doors. Just in the midst of his prep- arations, when both were most hopeful, he was cut down by death, dpng in June, 1831, leaving his be- reaved widow to continue the struggle of life alone, m a new and unsettled country, with a family of eight children. Of their large family, consisting of 13, five were married and living in Kentucky. How- ever, undismayed, this pioneer wife and mother "took up the burden of life again, " and, calling to her assistance all the latent energy and perseverance of her nature, went on with her work. She carried on the farm with what assistance could be rendered her by the two older children until 1833, when they re- moved to what is now Orange Township, staked a claim and erected a log cabin. Here they lived for about three years, at the expiration of which time the ,, mother sold out and removed to Hendersonville. Here she lived for many years, crowned with the re- ward of virtue and goodness, and, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. John Roundtree, in 1856, peacefully passed from earth. The subject of this history was the seventh child in order of birth. At the age of 16 years, Mr. Fuqua came to Knox County, and in consequence of so early a settlement well remembers all the incidents of their removal here. He assisted his father and mother in the improvement of the farm, and after his father's death, being the eldest, naturally took the lead in its management. When they lived in Henderson Grove they were obliged to leave the county to go to mill, and the first year the family Uved here they had to buy com, which they ground in a hand-mill. Up to the time of his marriage, Feb. 20, 1834, he re- mained with his motlier, dutifully caring for and as- sisting her, but with the natural desire of a young man to seek " the shadow of his own vine and fig- tree, " he entered the bonds of holy matrimony with Rosanna Bomar. Miss Bomar was born in Hart County, July 4, 1818, and was the daughter of Dr. Wilson and Elizabeth (Freeman) Bomar. Her father was a native of Virginia and a practicing physician, h¥^ ^-^ -e4: 270 ■ Y. KNOX COUNTY. who came to this county from Kentucky in 1833, making the entire journey overland. His family con- sisted at that time of his wife and 1 1 children. Bring- ing household goods with him, he worked and camped along the way, and on reaching Knox County locat- ed in Orange Township in a deserted cabin, where they spent the winter. The following spring the fam- ily went to Knox Township, and taking up a claim worked it for two years, when, selling out, they re- moved to Truro Township. Here they lived for five or six years, then returned to Knox Township, where they spent the intervening time until 1848. At this date they removed to the State of Missouri, where the father died a few years later. He had practiced his profession and superintended the improvements on his farm up to this time. The spring succeeding his marriage, Mr. Fuqua, of this sketch, took up a claim in Orange Township, and lived on it nearly one year, at the end of which lime he sold it and removed to Knox Township, where he bought a claim in sections 4 and g. Oa this piece of property he lived for several years, adding to it all modern improvements and highly cultivating it. Since that time he spent two and one-half years in Abing- don, going there for the purpose of giving his children the benefits of an education, but with that exception he has lived in the vicinity of Knoxville, in Knox Township, ever since entering it. The farm of 200 acres is managed at the present time by renters. Mr. and Mrs. Fuqua are the parents of eight chil- dren, viz : Martha E., wife of A. A. Lynde, living in California; Charles W., whose home is in Decatur County, Iowa; Eliza, wife of A. O. Temple, living in Knox Township; Mary F., wife of W. P. Carlton, whose home is in Cass County, Dak.; Celia, wife of T. W. McGill, living in Knox Township; Maria, wife of J. M. Woods, whose home is in Orange Township; Emma G., wife of C. S. Russell, who lives in Knox Township; and Ella D. resides at home; Andrew died at the age of five years; and a son died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Fuqua botli worship in the Baptist Church, to which they are united as members by pro- fession of faith, and to which they have belonged ever since they were young. Mr. F. is a wide-awake man and a good, logical thinker on the questions of the day, and once supported the Democratic party in senti- ment and vote, but lately gives the Prohibition party much attention. He and his good wife encountered the sunshine and storm of 52 years of married life and are grandparents to 59 children, and great- grandparents to 7. Mr. Fuqua assisted in the building of the fort to protect the settlers from the Indians during the try- ing times of the Black Hawk War in 1831 and 1832, and has figured prominently in the early struggles of the county. He joined the Rangers under Captain McMurtry, and was in two engagements, once after Stillman's defeat. Himself and wife were married at the residence of Maj. Ferguson, by the Rev. Jacob Gum, constituting part of a double wedding party, a daughter of Mr. Ferguson and Alex. Robinson being united at the same time. Mr. Fuqua's wife died at their residence, Feb. 2r, r886, and is buried in the cemetery at Knoxville. In presenting the portraits of leading and repre- sentative citizens, none are more worthy of a place than that of Daniel Fuqua, both as a pioneer and leading citizen. We are pleased to give as a com- panion picture his esteemed and lamented compan- ion. Both are given in connection with this sketch. ■^ ..o^..(5J.)x^^-..o*o s— ames L. Cashman. The subject of this brief personal narrative is one of the most important citizens and enterprising men resident in Knox County. He is engaged in agricultural pursuits and has been since he first^came to Illinois, which was at a date far back, so early that he might be reckoned as one of the pioneers of this section of the countr}'. Mr. Cashman, who is a farmer residing on section IT, of Indian Point Township, come to Illinois in 1848, and settled in Knox County. He was a native of Clinton County, Ohio, near Wilmington, which is the county-seat of Clinton County. He was born Jan. 6, 1836, and is the son of George and Rebecca J. (Murphy) Cashman, natives of Virginia. The father of our subject was born Oct. 10, 1798, and died Feb. ir, 1881. The mother was born Aug. i, 1816, and died Sept. 27, 1885. To them were born 13 children, three of whom died. Their names are here given : Elizabeth lives in Tazewell County, 111. ; Mary J., wife of J. J. Laws, has a home at Bedford, Iowa; H. R. and James L., twins, of whom Harvey R. was united in marriage -f ■4r KNOX COUNTY. *7i with Rebecca Crawford and is living in Knox County, he holding a high position in the Revenue Depart- ment at Peoria, 111. ; Susan, who is the wife of Henry Bond, lives in Knox County ; William M. noarried Miss Imogene Monroe, and their home is at Corn- ing, Iowa; David M. married Mary E. Moore, and her home was in Weldon, Iowa, up to the time of her death ; Isaiah wedded Annie Bridson, and their home is in Clarke County, Iowa; George E. married Miss Estella Hall, and lives near Corning, Iowa ; Sarah E. married P. D. Crawford, and lives near Weldon, Iowa; Henry, husband of Sarah E. Thomp- son, hves near Weldon, Iowa. James L., of this writing, one of the twins, married Miss Matilda E. Bond, Dec. 31, 1857. She was born Oct. 10, 1844, in Clinton County, Ohio, and was the daughter of Walter and Eleanor (Moon) Bond. The father was born in October, 1800, and died in 1877. The mother was born in 1809, and still survives him, living at Herman, Knox County. Thirteen children were born to this pair, as fol- lows : John, who married Miss Ann McFarland and died in June, 1884; Henry, who united with Miss Susan Cashman ; Lucy J., wife of Mr. Sam Davis ; Elemanda married Miss Sarah Cramer , Jasper was united with Amanda Callison ; Levi took to wife Miss Sarah Drum; Cynthia E., wife of William Headly ; Sini, living at home with her mother; and Frank, who married Miss Emma Headly. Mr. and Mrs. Cashman have two children : Ella B., born Sept. 28, 1858, who married W. H. Shunia- ker, and lives in Knox County ; and Oscar B., who was born July 23, 1866, and is now attending the Commercial College at Quincy, 111. Our subject is the possessor of 134 acres of highly cultivated land, upon which he erected, in 1866, fine buildings, a dwelling-house and convenient out- buildings. His large stock of domestic animals is complete and he makes a business of breeding blooded stock. He owns a thorough-bred Short- horn bull and is carrying on the business of breeding Short-horn animals. He also raises Poland-China pigs, and has for the past 25 years, which he sells to other breeders. He also handles horses, having two very expensive stallions of imported stock, deep bay in color and five and three years old respectively. The older one weighs over 2,000 and the younger 1,460 pounds. They were imported by Cress Bros., of Tazewell County, 111. \M. Mr. and Mrs. Cashman are members in good and regular standing in the Christian Church at Her- man, of which congregation Mr. C. has been Dea- con for several years. He is also School Director, which position he has held for 19 years, and is a helpful, able man in all enterprises affecting public good. His wife is an amiable Christian lady, and well liked for her ready sympathy and willingness to resjxjnd to any call of duty made upon her. Her husband is a wide-awake man in a political sense, and watches the workings of National affairs, and is Democratic in politics. He has been Treasurer of the township three years and Commissioner for five. |[ obert Byram. Foremost in the ranks of prominent men identified with the growth of Knox County, may be named Robert Byram, who is widely known and distin- guished as one of the most eminently success- ful citizens and notable men of Central Illinois. He is a farmer by occupation and leads in his chosen °^ field of labor the agriculturists of this section of the country. His patronymic is a household word, and he is conspicuous as a substantial, worthy man, and ' a desirable friend and neighbor. Mr. Byram's homestead is situated on section 7 of Indian Point Township, and his decided liking for pursuits of this character — farming — has won him success and prosperity. In conjunction with the tillage of the soil he is interested in stock-raising, being one of the most widely known in this direction of any man in his section of the country. He raises Short-horn cattle and heavy draft horses, besides large numbers of blooded swine. His cattle num- ber 13 head, among which is a fine bull of the Vic- tor stock, who bears the name of Vinnie Duke. This animal is two years of age and weighs 1,400 ixjunds. He is also the possessor of 12 full-blooded females of the celebrated White Rose family. He also im- ported a herd for Mrs. Motts. Mr. Byram was born in Fayette and reared in Highland County, Ohio. Here he passed ten years. The date of his birth was June 4, 1843, and he is the son of Lewis and Mary (Lucas) Byram, natives of Ohio. His father was born April 23, 1821, and departed this life Aug. 22, 1862, dying in the State a, 272 KNOX COUNTY. of Illinois. He came to this State in 1853, locating where our subject lives. In 1842 the elder Byram took as his life companion Miss Mary Lucas, who was born in 1822, on the i6th of March. Much celebrity is attached to the name of Mrs. Byram, and her ancestors date back, in point of family history, to the Pilgrim Fathers, who so long since, leaving home and country in search of that grand liberty of conscience which is the birthright of Americans, came in the Mayflower and landed at Plymouth on that historical December day of storm. How nobly they succeeded, we who have enjoyed the fruits of their struggles with poverty and pain can tell, and we have proved that "They have left un.staiued what there they found. Freedom to worship God." They were the parents of seven children, two of whom died in infancy. Those living are as follows : Robert; Emma J., who married Mr. A. J. Duncan, and is living in this township ; Daniel, who married Miss Josephine Vandercar, and who resides at Ellis- ville, Fulton County; Cordelia A., who wedded Mr. I A. J. Spencer, and who is now living in Nevada Ter- ritory ; Charles C, who married Miss Christiana, and whose home is in Chautauqua County, Kan. Mr. Robert Byram, of this biography, united hand and fortune with Miss Teenie Nance, the date of this event being Jan. 18, 1867. She was born Jan. 16, 1847, and is the daughter of John W. and Nancy (Simmons) Nance, who were natives respect- ively of South Carolina and Tennessee. Her father was born May 15, 1814, while Mrs. Nance was born Feb. 2, 1815, and died Nov. 13, 1872. The date of their marriage was May 24, 1836, and they became the parents of 1 1 children, namely : Rufus D., born Feb. 20, 1837; Francis M., Feb. 20, 1838; Susan A., April 3, 1839; Mary J., Nov. 27, 1840; Sarah E., July 16, 1842; Charles W., Aug. 11, 1844 Nancy C, Jan. 16, 1847 ; Martha W., Dec. 4, 1848 Harriet M., April i, 1851; John A., Feb. to, 1853 and Robert H., Jan. 20, 1856. Mr. Nance is now living in Abingdon, 111., and is a farmer, besides un- derstanding the carpenter's trade. Mr. Byram, of this biographical sketch, is the father of five children, as follows : Pearl L., born Nov. 4, 1870; Lewis M., Sept. 10, 1873; George R., March 16, 1875; Frank G., Jan. 2r, 1879; and Lon R., May 29, 1884. He is the owner of 85 acres of land and is engaged in stock-raising as already referred to. He is a useful man in a public way and has filled the office of Commissioner of Highways for one year. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. Lodge, No. 125, of Abingdon, which or- ganization he joined in 1882. He holds the posi- tion of Guide in that body. Religiously, he is liberal and large-minded, possessed of warm-hearted sym- pathies and that rare principle of manhood which " in honor prefers one another." Both himself and wife are working members of the Christian Church, she being helpful in all works of philanthropy and kindness. Politically, he is a wide-awake, keen, discerning thinker, and a fearless spokesman when he believes himself right. He is a stanch Repub- lican, the principles of which party he supports by voice and vote. ■^= -r-~T =H=e^ *f^ Ji W. Dickerson, deceased. The subject of ^ this biographical sketch was a leading .^ citizen of Knox County, and was note- '' worthy for his particular success in his chosen field of labor, that of a farmer; his home was located on section 2 1 , Haw Creek Township. He was born Aug. 3, 182 r, in Southern , Illinois — White County — and was married in 1843. To him were born seven children, as follows: Mary Ann, Phcebe, James T., Elizabeth J., Eliza, W. W. and Martha. He came to Knox County in 1840, and may be reckon-jd among the pioneers of this section, as he bought land at that time and laid the foundation of his late home. He watched the gradual progress of the county, and was identified with its early history as a factor, and here he remained until his death, which occurred Aug. it, 1885. He had been mar- ried twice, his second alliance being with Elizabeth Highfield, nee Connor. This union was crowned by the advent of two children — John L. and Frank W.; the former is deceased. By her first union there were three children born — Melvina, Charles F. and Gilbert H. Melvina mar- ried James Dickenson and lives on the old home- stead; Charles F. married Charlotte Westfall and they reside in LaHarpe; Gilbert H. married Matilda Westfall and is now residing in Hancock County, this State. Mrs. Dickerson is the owner of 40 acres I LIBRARY OF THE l:jiversity of Illinois RE5 1DCNCE OF H ARMO N BROWN 5EC 30, H EN PER 5 D N TOWNSHIP. RCSIDENCE OF J051AH NELSON, 5EC 2, ELBA T0WN5HTP SILVER LEAF FflRIYl . RESIDENCE OTJOHN R.5miTH,HEC.34, SPARTA TOWNSHIP. ■*• KNOX COUNTY. 275 of land, on which is erected a good house, neat and convenient, with all needed out-biiildina;s. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a lady of high attainments, of many graces of mind and character, and is esteemed and respected by the en- tire community. armon G. Brown. Among the thoroughly representative men of Knox County the name of Harmon G. Brown stands out prominently. He is a farmer on section 30, of Henderson Township, and first arrived in this county in November, 1830, from Mead County, Settling in Henderson Township, he has re- sided there since that date. He owns 175 acres of excellent and mostly tillable land. He is a native of Kentucky, where he was born on the 20th of Decem- ber, r8o3. In this latter place he resided up to the dale of his coming to Knox County. Since first start- ing in life he has invariably allied himself with agri- cultural pursuits. For the first time he married in Mead County, Ky., on the 7th of Feb., 1828, Han- nah M. Hascall, who was herself a native of Ken- tucky. In eight months after her marriage she died, on the 17th of October, 1828. He was for the second time married in Warren Co., 111., in September, 1840, to Nancy Hogan, a native of Harrison County, Ind. This good lady was born on the 23d of June, 1820. By this union twelve children were born, viz: John, Henry C, Margaret, Alfred, Joshua, Frank, Laura, Freeman, Samuel, Ben, Harmon and Mary. Henry C, Margaret, Joshua and Harmon are deceased. John was mar- ried to Ellen Cox, and resides in Warren County. Henry C. was a member of Co. C, 17th 111. Vol. Inf. This gentleman was accidentally killed by the ex- plosion of a shell while seated at breakfast, shortly after the surrender of Vicksburg. He was a gallant soldier and a loyal patriot, and one of the very first numbering among the volunteers. Alfred was mar- ried to Irena McLaughlin, and resides in Kansas, where he follows the occupation of a farmer. Frank was married to Hannah Ramage, and resides in Kansas, where he also follows farming. Laura is the wife of James C. Heflin, and lives in Kansas. Free- man was married to Annie C. Coolidge, and is now residing in WarrenCounty. Samuel married a lady of Kansas, in which State he resides. Ben became the husband of Dora F. Allen, and resides in Henderson Township, where he carries on the old home farm. Mary is the wife of E. Bonesteel, and also resides in Henderson. The subject of this history was elected at one time Justice of the Peace, but soon resigned the office. In their religious belief Mr. and Mrs. Brown are Uni- versalists and in excellent standing in their commu- nity. This gentleman's six sons as well as the father are thorough-going Republicans. Mr. Brown him- self has always watched the interest of his party, and never permits any public measure to escape his notice without carefully calculating its issues for the good or evil of his country. He has, with the excep- tion of two elections, voted at Henderson ever since it was made a precinct. ames Bale. Resident within the borders of i-^jti? Knox County are many men of native worth )i^^ and force of character, whose perseverance ^J f^,k> and patience have won them a high place ^IL^ upon her records, and foremost among these I may be found the subject of this biographical recital, and the principal events of whose career are narrated in the subsequent paragraphs. His home is located on section 29, of Haw Creek Township, and by vocation he is a farmer and stock-raiser, to which united occupation he gives his most earnest attention. Mr. Bale was born in Devonshire, England, Oct. 15, 1829, and is the son of John and Charlotte (England) Bale. The father of Mr. Bale came to America in 1841, and one year later James and John came to join their father, the mother dying in England when James was but four years of age. On first arriving in America he stopped in New Jersey; remained there a few months, then went to Pennsyl- vania, where he tarried for four years. From that State he removed to the northern part of Ohio, where he continued until 1854, and in 1862 he en- listed in the loth 111. Vol. Inf., in Saline County. He had been in the army six to eight months when his health gave way, he being at the time 65 years of age, and susceptible to disease. He was sent to the hos- pital, but undertook to evade his duty and go home, •^ ^ 276 KNOX COUNTY. A and was captured by some rebel guerrillas and shot — at least this was the report of his fate whicli reached his sons. In 1850 Mr. Bale took a trip to California, which he made with a team in company with Oliver Ulan. In California he remained nine years, working in the mines, and while in that State was married to Lydia Bartlett. She was a native of Illinois, and died about ten months after her marriage, this being in 1854. In 1858-9 he left that section of the country and went to Ohio, where he staid a short time, then went to Saline County, 111., and bought a farm of 240 acres. On this he labored for four years, and at that date moved to Knox County, settling in Haw Creek Township. Here he has lived up to the pres- sent time. He was married a second time to Ma- tilda P. Parke, Dec. Dec. 18, i86o. She is the daughter of David and Matilda (Taliaferro) Parke, and was born in Clermont County, Ohio, July g, 1832. The mother of Mrs. Bale is a cousin of Gen. Zachary Taylor. They have one son by adoption, who was born July 26, 1878. Mr. Bale owns 254 acres of good land under fine cultivation and well improved, on which are erected first-class buildings. In politics he is a Democrat, supporting and voting with that party. Mrs. Bale is a member of the Bap- tist Church. ■43 =4=4 =E>J- rederiek P. Foltz. Among the prosper- ous business men of Abingdon, and who has long been closely identified with the _ ^ best interests of the city, is the gentleman whose 3k^ name heads this notice. He embarked in the drug business there in 1865, but to this line subsequently added groceries and farm implements. Since 1879, however, he has dealt exclusively in drugs, paints, oils, books, stationery, wall-paper and farm implements, and carries an average stock of about $4,000. Mr. Foltz was born in Franklin County, Pa., Nov. 15, 1830, and is the son of Christian and Hannah (Kieffer) Foltz. He was reared and educated in his native county and there served a regular apprentice- ship to tiie carpenter trade, after which he was con- tinuously occupied in that work during the year he remained a resident of that State. He was married at Waynesboro, Pa., Oct. 8, 1855, to Miss Melinda C, the accomplished daughter of George and Susan Jacobs. Mrs. Foltz was born at Waynesboro, Pa., Dec. 7, 1833. In 1857 our subject, with his family, moved to Kansas and was there engaged in agricult- ural pursuits until i860, when, on account of the unsettled condition of affairs at that time, it being just prior to the war, he returned to his native State. There he worked at his trade until the close of the war, in 1865, when he again came to Kansas. Not being favorably impressed with the portion of that State which he visited, he came to Abingdon and en- gaged in the mercantile business, and has been prominently identified with the growth, not only of Abingdon, but of Knox County, since that time. He took an active part in aid of the construction of the Peoria & Farmington, now the Central Iowa Rail- road, and was a member of its Board of Directors. He was an earnest worker in securing local aid in the interest of the road. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Union Bank, of Abing- don, and has been its Vice-President since 1880. In addition to his drug and stationery business, he is extensively engaged in the sale of agricultural imple- ments, together with wagons and buggies. He is also a farmer and stock-raiser, having a fine farm of 310 acres, lying on the west line of Cedar Township. On this splendid place he keeps an average herd of 40 head of full-blooded Short-horn cattle and also a herd of 75 head of liigh grades. He is a gentleman of more than ordinary ability as a business man, and what he possesses of this world's goods, which is ati abundance, he has acquired through his own energy and perseverance. Mr. and Mrs. Foltz are the parents of six chil- dren, two sons and four daughters : Louisa Belle was born at Chambersburg, Pa., July 17, 1856, and died Sept. 22, 1857; Jennie Augusta was born in Shawnee County, Kas., March 20, 1858; George F. J. was also born in that county, Nov. 5, 1859, and died April 18, 1864; Frederick Luther was born in Waynesboro, Pa., Feb. 25, 1862, and died April 18, 1864, in Kansas. Linnie M. was born Nov. 23, 1867, in Abingdon; Lillie M. and Helen D. (twins) were born at Abingdon, Aug. 25, 1870; the former died September 15, of the same year. Mrs. Foltz united with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in June, 1849, and Mr. Foltz Nov. 23, 1850. -Hr t 7\ ^- KNOX COUNTY. 277 On coming to Abingdon and finding no church of their denomination, they united with the Cumber- land Presbyterian, with which they have since held fellowship. This, however, is now known as the Congregationalist. -^ ••o4o.-@^X^Q>.o*o <,— ; rasmus A. Bartlett. One of the most pro- gressive and conspicuous citizens and pub- lic men of Knox County, through whose enterprise and vim matters pertaining to the public good are carried on, is proposed as the subject of our sketch. He is one of the repre- sentative farmers of Rio Township, and resides on section 16, a home that his energetic labors have made beautiful and attractive. Mr. Bartlett came to Knox County in 1844, from Genesee County, N. Y., when he was 14 years of age. He has since made this section of the country his home, and is looked up to as oneof the most sub- stantial men of the community to which he belongs. His birthplace was Alexander, N. Y., and the date of his birth Dec. 24, 1830. He received a common- school education up to the time he was 14 years of age, when he came to Illinois. He has a greater part of his life been engaged in agricultural pursuits, for which he entertains an honest liking. He is at the present time owner of 116 acres of good farming land, tillable and under a high state of cultivation. He was married in Henderson Township in T855, to Helen Sears, who was a native of Cortland County, N. Y., and who was an estimable lady and devoted wife. To him she has borne five children, by name Frank S., Mary A., Harry C, Nellie B., Carrie A., of whom Frank and Carrie survive. Mrs. B. died Nov. 12, 1869. Frank has a home in Galesburg. He was married to Sarah Fleahearty, and they are the parents of three children — Alice H., John D. and William A. Carrie is a teacher of much success and popularity in the State of Iowa. Mr. Bartlett formed a second matrimonial alliance in Oneida, Aug. 17. 1870, with Elizabeth (Slocum) Edwards. She was the daughter of Michael and De- borah (Le Valley) Slocum. On the paternal side, as far as can be traced, Mrs. B. is of American origin. On the maternal side she dates back to French an- cestry. She has one brother, and by the second marriage of her father she has four brothers and two sisters. Two of the brothers are now deceased. Mrs. Bartlett was the widow of John Edwards, who died in Nashville, Tenn., during the war. He was a member of the io2d 111. Vol. Inf, Div. 18, which he entered in the year 1862. By this marriage there are two children — Charlie E. and Sarah M. Mr. Bartlett is in politics a member of the Republican party, which he stanchly upholds. His parents, John D. and Sarah (Pryor) Bartlett, were natives of Vermont and England, respectively. They came to Knox County in 1844, settling in Rio Town- ship, and may be properly called pioneers. In this part of the country they died, he on March 20, 1883, and she followed him Feb. 12, 1885. They were estima- ble and highly respected old people, standing alone with whitened heads and diminished vigor, and the highest praise they needed and received, for the usefulness of their lives, was the respect and rever- ence of dutiful children and affectionate friends. They were the parents of five children, viz. : Li- vonia A., LoamniaM., E. A (see sketch) the subject of this notice, Sarah M., John D., Jr. Livonia A. married Elisha C. Field. They have had three chil- dren, all deceased. Sarah M. became the wife of Edwin R. Rhodes. The husband and wife are both dead. They left one child, Edwin B., to mourn their loss. John D. Jr., married Miss Mary A. Chat- terdon. ames M. Fleming was one of the early set- tlers of Oneida and of Knox County, com- ing to the former place in 1856, when it was a mere hamlet and when the county was "^r yet sparsely peopled. He was a native of Mus- kingum County, Ohio, where he was born June 22, t8it, his parents being Virginia people. He was a farmer, and after enjoying to a limited extent the meager educational advantages of that early date, was married in his native county to Emily Wells, who was born in Licking County, Ohio, Oct. 18, 1815. Her parents, William and Susan Wells (her mother's maiden name was Bigelow), were natives of Connecticut, of New England ancestry and of En- glish descent. They came to Ohio before their mar- riage, were pioneers in that State, living after their marriage in Licking County till the death of the -¥ 378 KNOX COUNTY. father, after which the mother re-married, going to Muskingum County, where she died. Mrs. Flem- ing was five years old at the time of the death of her father, and when 12 years old went to live in the family of Rev. Solomon S. Miles, then a resident of Newark, Ohio, and with whom she remained till within a few years prior to her marriage to Mr. Flem- ing, which took place March 10, 1836. They con- tinued to reside in Licking and Muskingum Counties till they moved to Oneida, in 1856, where they partly improved a farm of 160 acres in Ontario Township, which is owned by Mrs. Fleming and to whom it was bequeathed by her father at his death. Mrs. Fleming is the mother of three children only one of whom is living — Mrs. Susan M. Barnes, wife of P. J. Barnes, of Del Rio, Texas, where they own a comfortable home ; Clay died in Ohio, aged two years; and Emily A. became the wife of F. M. B. Scott, died in Oneida after a few years of married life, Sept. I, 1876, leaving one child and losing one before her own demise. The name of the child liv- ing is Ira J. Mr. Fleming was an active temperance worker and a stanch Republican, took considerable interest in local politics, and after a long and happy married life, a life of usefulness and devotion to friends, fam- ily and duty, he rests in peace beyond the turmoil of earth and its cares, mingling now with the great majority in a " land that is fairer than day. " His death occurred April 26, 1867. JJ^dwin Brainard, a farmer of Knox County, may be cited as one of our most success- ful and prosperous men. He came to Illi- nois in the year 1855, and purchased a new, uncultivated farm of 160 acres. He erected a small house and there commenced what has since become his home. During the subsequent years he has added many improvements and fertil- ized his farm to such an extent that it now ranks among the best farms in the State. His land is in a high state of cultivation and his home is an attract- ive and pleasant one. His farm buildings and adja- cent out-houses are first-class. He owns large numbers of blooded stock, which he has been suc- cessful in raising. Mr. Brainard is the son of Jephtha and Catherine (Comstock) Brainard, who were formerly of New En- gland. They afterward removed from that sec- tion of the country and settled on what has long been known as Webster Hill, Oneida County, N. Y., where Edwin was born Nov. 9, 1809. Some time later his parents went to Whitestown, a small village situated in the same county. Here the subject of our writing passed the years of his boyhood with his parents (see sketch of Jephtha Brainard, of Oneida), up to the date of his marriage, which happy event took place in Western Oneida County, Dec. 21, 1842, Miss Mercy White being the other contracting party. Mercy (White) Brainard was born in West- ernville, Oneida Co., New York, Oct. 7, 1820. She was the daughter of Moses T. and Phebe (Philips) White, natives of New York and Massachusetts, re- spectively. Mrs. Brainard's father was by occupa- tion a farmer. He was married in Oneida County, and both himself and wife lived and died there. He was a prominent actor in local affairs, and, relating to his township, energetic and enterprising. They both lived to attain advanced years, the mother being 53 and the father 80 years at the date of their demise. Mrs. Brainard was the eldest daughter of a large X family, comprising 11 brothers and sisters. She was the valued companion and assistant of both father and mother, up to the date of her marriage. She is , herself the mother of five children, having lost one by death. Anna, residing at home, was formerly a teacher in the public school. Everett, the second, married Anna E. Osborne, and at this writing re- sides in Seward County, Neb., where he is engaged in farming. They are the parents of three children. Carrie, the third, is a graduate of Lombard Univers- ity, of Galesburg, and is a young lady of fine mental endowments. After leaving the University at Gales- burg she graduated a second time from St. Lawrence College, Canton, New York State. She has devoted her entire time and talents thus far in her life to her studies, with marked industry and ardor. Since the year 1880 she has preached the doctrines of the Universalist Church, and given much time and thought to religious points of belief Four years of her pastorate she spent at Leroy, 111 , and is at pres- ent preaching at Girard, 111. She is frequently des- ignated as strong-minded, and is in character an interesting and highly cultivated lady, as well as a fluent and eloquent speaker. George W., fourth in order of birth, married Carrie S. Cummings, who was I IIBRARV OF THE I DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS J // 7/ Ht ■^i- js:jv^ox county. 283 born and reared in Knox County. They settled oa the Brainard homestead and cultivated the farm where they reside at the present time. Mr. and Mrs. Brainard, of this sketch, immediately after marriage, setded on a farm located in Lee Township, Oneida County, State of New York. Here they passed 13 years, at the end of which time they removed to Illinois. Coming to this State, they dis- posed of their farm in Oneida County, which com- prised 64 acres. Both are highly respected citizens, agreeable friends and good neighbors. . They are active members of the Universalist Church, in full and regular standing. Politically he is a Republi- «taea;®^'«— 1>| ./gJ.a/3iOT»v. ' ohn M. Hayes. Included among the wor- Ki thy citizens of Knox County and the able farmers of that section is the subject of this historical sketch. His effective manage- ment of his farm, situated on section 34 of Knox Township, gives him a place among the leading members of society resident in the county. He is actively engaged in agricultural pursuits, for which he has a decided liking, and also in the breed- ing of fine blooded stock, consisting of horses and cattle. Mr. Hayes was born in Franklin Co., Pa., in 1816, on the 9th of July. His father was a native of Dau- phin County. The grandfather of our subject, Da- vid Hayes, was also a native of Dauphin County, and came, when the father of our subject was but a small lad, to Franklin County, where his son grew to manhood, remaining with him until his marriage. This matrimonial connection, which was celebrated within Cumberland County, was with Miss Mary McCune. She was born in Cumberland County, and at the time of marriage settled with her young hus- band on a farm given to him by his father, near Green Castle. There they lived for three years, then sold out and bought near St. Thomas, where they lived for a few years and then removed to a point near Mercersburg, at whicli place the father died. There were born to them 10 children, five of whom are now living, the subject being the fourth child in order of birth. He grew to manhood in the State of his nativity, living on the farm until he reached his i6th year, when he took charge of his father's farm, which he managed till 1848. Our subject was united in the bonds of wedlock during that year with Phebe F. Grantham, who was a native of Jefferson Co., Va. John and his brother had previously bought a farm near Mercersburg, and after marriage he bought his brother's interest and worked the farm himself. One year afterward he sold liis property, removing to Chambersburg, where he rented land for three years, and in 1853 came to Illinois, locating in Knox County, and bought the farm which is his present home. It was equipped with a common frame house and stable, which since he has owned it has given place to a good brick res- idence and convenient and commodious outbuildings, standing upon a large and handsome property sur- rounded by upward of 400 rods of hedge. He is largely engaged in the raising of the cereals and the breeding of stock, more especially horses. Mr. Hayes lost his wife by death on the 14th of June, 1861, and was re-married on the 28th of Sep- tember, 1863, to Nancy Hockenberry, a native of Franklin Co., Pa. The children of his first mar- riage were Mary K., wife of Arthur Barnhart, whose home is in Adams Co., Iowa, and John, who lives in Clay Co., Neb. By his second marriage he had one • daughter, Ella May, who lives with her brother, in Nebraska. In the year 1872, on the 3d of October, he was again married, this tinis to Hattie R. Epler, who was born in Adams Co., Pa., and the fruit of the third marriage has been six children — David W., Harley E., Abbie A., Bertie B., Maggie M. and Bes- sie Mabel. In the year 1876 Mr. Hayes visited the Centen- nial Exposition and there purchased the celebrated draft horse Pat Malloy, and the following September he was delivered to Mr. Hayes. When the premi- ums were awarded, Sept. 27, Pat Malloy was given the bronze medal presented by the United States Government and a silver medal presented by Lord Dufferin in behalf of the Canadian Government, both of which are in Mr. H.'s possession. He has done more to improve the breed of horses of this section than any other man in the county, and he still re- tains Pat. Malloy, as well as two other valuable stall- ions. Honest William and Frank Malloy. He was one of the first breeders of Short-horn cattle in this county, and at the present time owns a herd of 40 '*^- 284 KNOX COUNTY. thorough-breds. In politics he is a stanch Repub- lican. Mrs. Hayes is a member of the Lutheran Church. A portrait of Mr. Hayes and a view of his splen- did stock are shown on another page. •»~WNAiie£'©^«| »@5-gl/jWtr»v. -vv^^ f^^tenry Rommel. Prominent among the sue- ill' cessful and well-to-do farmers of Knox County, and one who has acquired a suffi- ciency of this world's goods to enable him to pass the evening of life in peace and quiet retirement upon his fine farm on section 28, Sparta Township, is the subject of this notice. Mr. Rommel was born in Saxony, Germany, Feb i, 1829. His parents were Henry and Susannah (Grubb) Rommel, natives of the " Faderland. " His father was a farmer by occupation, and the parental family of children were six in number, three sons and three daughters, and were named Barbara, George, Liza, Henrietta, Henry and John. George and Barbara are deceased. The mother died in 1843, and the father in 1880; both in their native land. The subject of this notice remained at home until he was 18 years old, assisting on the farm and at- tending school. He then left his native land and came to this country, disembarking at New York, Sept. 29, 1848. From there he went to Lancaster County, Pa., where he worked on a farm for two years. In 1850, he came to this State, settling at La Salle, La Salle County. He worked on a farm in the neighborhood of that plate for one year, when he went to Marshall County, and was there engaged in agricultural pursuits two years. At this period in his life, he was married to Miss Anna Payne, the date being Oct. 6, 1853. She was a native of England, and a daughter of Thomas E. and Catherine (Rich- ards) Payne, who came to this country in i860; were residents of Pennsylvania one year, when they came to this State and settled in Marshall County, where Miss Anna was married. Mr. Payne purchased a farm in that county, and there lived until his death; that of his wife occurring in 1855, and his in 1880. They were the parents of eight children — Thomas E., John, Hannah, Edward, Richard, Anna, William and George. After marriage, Mr. Rommel engaged in teaming ^ for himself in Henry Village, that county, and was thus occupied until 1856, when he came to Gales- burg. In that village he was occupied in teaming and in farming, in close proximity to the city, until i86o. He then purchased 40 acres of land in Sparta Township, and moved on it in the fall of that year, and has there continued to reside, actively engaged in the'prosecution of his chosen vocation, until the present time. He has since added 260 acres to the original purchase, and is now the proprietor of 300 acres of good tillable land. In addition to the culti- vation of his land, he is engaged in the breeding of stock. On his fine farm he has erected a good resi- dence and barn, and his farm is valued at $70 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Rommel have had a family of eight children : Thomas H. married Lottie Williamson, and to them a daughter and two sons have been born — Minnie, Lester and John, and the family are living in Adair County, Iowa; Susan C. married Cy- rus Curry, and they have two children — Harry and Jessie M., and are living in Taylor County, 111. The remaining children are George E., James W., Cicely, Mary, Richard P. and Henry W. Mr. Rommel is liberal in his political views. He has held the office >< of Road Overseer, and socially is a member of the I. O. O. F. Mrs. Rommel is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ■•<^<*##'^>" k'-v-i'M 'f obert E. Pendarvis, of the firm of Reed & Pendarvis, editors of the Abingdon En- terprise, was born near Raritan, Henderson V{^^ County, this State, Oct. 30, 1861, his parents being James P. and Louisa (Sands) Pendar- vis. He was educated at Hedding College, Abingdon, graduating in the class of 1884. He at once formed the existing partnership with Mr. Reed as publishers of the Enterprise. He has also been a law student with Williams, Lawrence & Bancroft, of Galesburg, during the past year, and for six months read in the office of George L. Thatcher, of Chicago. Mr. Pendarvis is a young gentleman of more than ordinary ability and promise, and is just about to enter upon his career as a lawyer. He has in the meantime laid the foundation of what we may well predict will be an honorable and successful career, in N^ 4^ KNOX COUNTY. ^^Hr »8S securing a solid education, not only academic but professional, while he has at the same lime widely acquired a knowledge of the practical side of life in the best school, a newspaper office. Thus combin- ing the practical knowledge of business with his literarj- and professional attainments, and having youth and energy on his side and in his favor, his friends may well congratulate him on what promises to be a long, honorable and successful career. liJ saae Cope. Among those who have made agriculture their vocation through life, and who by indomitable energy have succeeded in their calling, is he whose name heads this notice. Our subject is living retired from act- ive life at Wallace Station. He came to Knox County in the spring of 1835, from Vigo County, Ind., and purchased six quarter-sections, in company with his brother Wesley. The above Mr. Cope married three years after his arrival in this county, after which he made settle- ment on section 28, of Maquon Township, where he lived until the fall of 1885, when he left the old homestead and returned to the village of Wallace. At this place he has erected a comfortable and sub- stantial residence and lives a retired life. He is the owner of 380 acres of exceedingly fertile and well- cultivated land. Isaac Cope first saw the light in Kentucky, near Lexington, March 13, rSri. He remained under the parental roof until he had attained the age of 18 yoars, when he came to Vigo County, Ind., where he remained until his removal to Knox County, in 1835. He was reared to the peaceful and independent call- ing of a farmer, and has since followed that vocation. He was united in marriage in Fulton County, 111., May 3, 1838, to Mary Wilcoxon, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of Elijah and Charlotte (Calawan) Wilcoxon, who were natives of North Carolina. Mrs. Cope was born on the Kentucky River, in Estelle County, Dec. 31, 1819. Her parents came to Fulton County, 111., about the year 1830, at which place they resided until their death. Her father was engaged in the Black Hawk War. Mr. and Mrs. Cope, of whom we write, have been blessed by the birth of four children, the names of whom are John S., Jesse W., Isaac H. and Oliver P. John S. Cope married Mary J. Rorke, who was a native of Ireland, and is now residing in Maquon Township; Anna A. is the name of her only child. Jesse maried Sophia Wycoff, and they are residents of Seward County, Nebraska. They are the parents of two children — Alonzo M. and Amos C. Isaac Cope resides in Maquon Township. Oliver P. mar- ried Ann Pickeral, and their home is in Seward County, Nebraska. They have three children, as follows : Alice, Emeline and James C. Mr. Cope has been School Director of his district, and also Commissioner of Highways. Both himself and wife are devoted members of the Free-Will Bap- tist Church, and in ix)litics he is a Democrat. Mr. Cope's parents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Hennis) Cope, natives of Maryland, the mother dying in Ken- tucky, and the father at Chestnut Township, Knox County. Since the above sketch was written Mr. Cope has been gathered to his fathers, his demise taking place April 12, 1886, surrounded by his family and friends. So ends the life of another good man who stood high in the community in which he lived. Beloved by all, an e.xcellent neighbor, a kind father and faithful bus band, Mr. Cope has gone to his eternal rest. ^.{ jjg.j^yrus Robbins Among those who came to this county at an early day and who are passing the sunset of life in quiet retirement from active labor, enjoying the ac- cumulation of an honorable past, may be found the subject of this notice. He is at present residing on his farm on section 5, Sparta Township, where he has resided for upward of 50 years. Mr. Robbins, of this notice, was bom in Lewis County, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1808. His parents were Reu- ben and Charit)'' (Sage) Robbins, natives of Berkshire County, Mass. They removed to Ohio in 1812, where the father purchased 100 acres of land on the Ohio River, and in what is now Washington County. On this land he located with his family, and subse- ([uently added 40 acres to his original purchase, and there lived andlalK)red in the most independent of all callings, farming, until his death in 1822. Five years later, in 1827, the widow, with her family of children, \ ' 286 y KNOX COUNTY. moved back to her former home and was there a res- ident until her demise, which occurred in 1829. Of the parental union eight children were born and named Stephen S., Esther H., Cyrus, Emeline, Reu- ben, Ann E., Wait L. and Amelia. Cyrus was the third child in order of birth of his parents' children, and remained with them until he was 22 years old. He received a common-school ed- ucation, and, after leaving the parental roof-tree, went to work in a blacksmith shop and was thus occupied for six months. He then engaged as an employe of the Hampton Rope Works and was with that firm for three years, when he severed his connection with it and went to Livingston County, his native State, and worked for 13 months in a hemp manufactory. After severing his connection with the latter firm, he returned to Lewis County in 1835, from whence he went to Columbia County, and there the most happy of all events in the history of his life occurred. This was his marriage with Miss Polly M. Calkins, a na- tive of that county. Soon after this happy event, he, in company with his young bride, on the 15 th of Feb- ruary, 1836, started for this State. Arriving in Henderson Grove, this county, he remained for a short time, when he moved out on the broad, uncul- tivated prairie, settling on section 4, of Sparta Township, where he had purchased 87 J^ acres of land. Tliere the two lived and labored with one in- terest in common, and that the establishment of a home and the welfare of their children, until their mother's death, which occurred Oct. 16, i860. Their children were five in number — Newton C, Cynthia, Henry .George and Mary. Newton, Henry, George and Mary are deceased. Cynthia married Calvin Shaw, and by him became the mother of three children, liv- ing — Ernest, Frank and Fannie. Her husband died in 1881. Henry married Louisa Babcock, and to them were born three children — Jennie, Mary and one deceased. Three years after the death of his first wife, Mr. Robbins was again married. Miss Amelia Gloyd be- coming his wife, and who lived with him for nine years, and she presented him with two children — Sherman, and one who died in infancy. In 1863, Mr. Robbins moved onto section 5, Sparta Township, where he has purchased 43 J^ acres of land, and there lived until the death of his wife in 1882, since which time he has made his home with his son and daugh- ter. In 185 1, Mr. Robbins purchased 80 acres of land on section 4, Sparta Township, and while a res- ident thereon was continuously and diligently en- gaged in its cultivation, with the exception of one year, which he spent in Galesburg, for the purpose of educating his children. He now has 200 acres, all under cultivation. Mr. Robbins is a stanch Repub- lican, and in his religious views a Baptist. He is an honored and respected citizen of the county, and a man whose word is considered as good as his bond. ohn Junk. Standing among the important members of society and the prosperous and prominent citizens of Knox County is to be found the subject of this biography, who ranks if high in those characteristics which are essen- tial to the growth and development of a county. He is useful socially and bright in a political direc- tion. His ideas are clear, and, being prompt and log- ical, his thoughts and opinions able and to the point. The gentleman of whom this personal narrative is written came to Knox County in June, 1855, from Fayette County, Pa., where he was born May 6, 1827, and where he lived until he came to Knox County. He learned two trades, that of carpenter , and joiner and also that of millwright, at which lat- ter he served an apprenticeship of three years, and at the former two years. He followed his trade in Pennsylvania, and since coming to Illinois has been engaged at his former work. At the present time he is the owner of 414 acres of land, 40 of which is a timber tract. On the 22d of November, 1855, in Knoxville, 111., he was made one with Miss Elizabeth Robertson, daughter of Alexander and Narcissa (Ferguson) Robertson, and uniting their energies for the battle of life they began work. He was one of the first set- tlers of Knox County, making his home where his brother Daniel had settled. (See sketch of Daniel Robertson.) He was deeply bereaved at his broth- er's death, which took place in Henderson Town- ship, Feb. 28, 1848. His wife followed him Aug. 27, 1865. Their marriage was blessed by the birth of four children, of whom Mrs. Junk was the second in order of birth. She was born in Henderson Town- ship, Dec. 14, 1837. Mr. and Mrs. Junk had two children — Alexander ■4^ }' Residcnce OF Darius Woolsey.Sec. 1-^.,Haw CREEKTow^4SH :p. LIBRARY OF THE .„^.. i:-UVERSiTY OF ILUNC KNOX COUNTY. 289 "- R., and also one whom they lost by death, named 1 Stephen A., and who had reached the age of four years. It was a sore bereavement to the parents, to whom he had greatly endeared himself by the many childish and lovable traits of character he exhibited. Mr. Junk has been Supervisor four and Road Com- missioner three years, and has held the office of Just- ice of the Peace about eight years, a post which he still adorns. He has also been Assessor, and is a use- ful man in many public directions. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics is identified with the Democratic party. The parents of Mr. Junk were James and Eliza- beth (Lincoln) Junk, natives of Virginia. They set- tled in Pennsylvania, where the father died in Fayette County, July 3, 1877. The mother still sur- vives him. They had some time before his death celebrated the anniversary of their golden wedding, and they have been the parents of seven children, of whom John was the eldest. The names of the other children were Samuel, Thomas, Sarah, Henry, Robert and Jackson. Robert and Jackson are deceased. _>, o*o-®Xl^-o*<" *''^- jartin Gehring is one of the representative citizens and successful farmers of Knox ' County, and has a pleasant homestead, consisting of a well-cultivated farm and a cozy residence, lyin^ within Sparta Township, on section 12. He is quite a prominent man in the neighborhood where he resides, and holds the offices of Roadmaster and School Director. Mr. G. was born on Nov. 10, 1854, in Germany, and is the son of Anthony and Mary (Moser) Geh- ring. His parents were natives of Germany and came to America with their family in 1857. Settling in Sparta Township, they purchased 40 acres of land on section 14, and also 20 acres of timber land. In 187 1, the father purchased 80 acres on section 12, and they were residents of this part of Knox County, until 1883, when they moved to Oneida. In that town he purchased a house and lot, where he is now living a retired life. Their family consists of two sons, both living, and by name Ale.x. and Martin. Our subject remained under the parental roof until 21 years of age, and then took the farm on shares, and in this way labored until 1880. At that time it -"V^ came into his possession. He has been liberally educated, and his application and aptitude for various studies have placed in his [xissession a source of enjoyment which, as a man, he fully appreciates and which can never be taken from him. His marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughterof John and Ann (Taylor) Parkinson, was celebrated March 18, 1880. She was born in Knox County, June 23, 1857, and her parents are of English ancestry, but were married in America. They have reared a fam- ily of seven children, of whom Mr. Gehring is the oldest child. Mr. and Mrs. Gehring are the parents of two bright and interesting children, by name Minnie G., born Sept. 23, 1881 ; and Fred B., born Nov. 2, 1884. Mr. Gehring is a Republican in poli- tics and interested in the workings of that party. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyte- rian Church, of Oneida. illiam S. Farnham. The subject of this notice, who is passing the sunset of his 1 _, life in peace and quiet retirement, in thct !^V^' thriving little village of Wataga, made his advent into the State in 1837. He was born _ Genesee County, N. Y., .^pril 6, 1S12, of par- ents by name Levi and Eunice (Judd) Farnham, na- tives of Connecticut. The father was a clothier by trade and worked at the same for 40 years. The parental family consisted of eight children, all of whom lived to attain the age of man and womanhood. Both heads of the family lived in York State, whither they had removed from Connecticut, and resided there until their demise, his occurring May i, 1853, and hers March 16, 1821. William S. Farnham is a self-made man in every sense the word implies. Beginning life a jxxjr boy, with nothing but strong arms and a firm determina- tion to win success, he has pursued the even tenor of his way, having always the i>olicy of honest and fair- dealing as a motto, and has acquired a suflSciency to enable him to pass the sunset of life in peace and quiet retirement. Mr. Farnham remained with his parents until the death of his mother, when he dom- iciled beneath the roof of strangers, and there lived until he attained the age of 2 i years, receiving of the family with whom he lived, at the age of maturity, -84^ J^ 290 KNOX COUNTY. ^ §100 renumerarion for his services, together with two suits of clothes. He received a corumon-school ed- ucation, and, after attaining his majority, worked on a farm, by the month, and was thus occupied until he came to this State and county, in 1837. On arrival here, he located at Galesburg, in proximitj- to which village he rented a farm, which he cultivated and rented for 11 years. He then moved to Sparta Township, and, for the first time in his life, became the owner of land, his purchase consisting of 80 acres of prairie land, located on section 9. On this tract he built a house and barn, and there lived and labored, engaged in its improvement, until 1885. During this year he moved into Wataga, where he rented for himself a home, and where he has since resided in retired life. Mr. Farnham was married to Miss Maria Kenyon, in 1S39, on the 7 th of May. She is a daughter of Mumford and Margerj- (Vanderhule) Kenyon, na- tives of Vermont and New York, respectively, and whose children were three in number. Mrs. Farn- ham was born Jan. 11, 1815, and has borne her hus- band five children — Charlotte M., who became the wife of C. T. Farnsworth, May 18, 1862. Mr. Fams- worth died Aug. 2, 1864, leaving to the care of his wife one son — Ira W. Ira lived to attain the age of 18 years; he was night-watchman in the city of Galesburg, at Colton's foundry, and was found near Center Point, lying on the railroad unconscious, and 1 only lived five hours after he was discovered, and it j has never been known what caused his death, the date of which was, however, Xov. 25, 1880; Susan A. Farnham became the happy wife of H. T. Mead, and they have two children — Abby M. and Charlotte A.; William C. selected Miss Louisa M. Rhodes as his bride, and their three children are Fred, Winne- fred P. and Jennie B. ; Charles G. Farnham' and Miss Lucy ^L Bartlett were united in marriage and became the parents of three children — Grace, Ray and Everett; Abigail G. Farnham became Mrs. A. E. Drew, and their children are Ellen M., Amie L. and Frank. Mr. Farnham is a Republican and has always cast his vote with that party. He and his wife, together with their daughter, Charlotte, belong to the Congre- gational Church, and in this congregation Mr. Farn- ham is a Deacon. He has held some of the minor offices of his township, but is not a seeker after oflBce. As a representative of the energetic agricultural class of citizens of the community in which he resides, he is certainly the peer of any. i.'3"j-'\/w~ €Ki ^avid H. Hartsook is of the firm of Hart- II sook & Walker, merchants at Maquon. ■'i'^ ^ He came to Knox County in June, 1851, r emigrating from Madison County, Ohio, and engaged in the milling business at French * Creek, Elba Township, with Richard Morris. In this branch of business he continued until 1857, at which time he removed to Haw Creek Township, settling on section 35, on land which he had pre- viously purchased. Upon this place he remained for 12 years, in the meantime engaging extensively in farming. Subsequent to this he removed to the village of Maquon, which he has since made his home. In 187 1 he engaged in the mercantile bus- iness, in partnership with L. H. Butcher, under the firm name of Hartsook & Butcher. They continued , in this business for 15 months, when our subject W bought out the interest of his partner and for four years carried on the business alone, when he took into the business his son-in-law, H. J. Pierce, and , the firm was known as Hartsook & Pierce. This partnership existed until t88i, at which time Mr. H. sold out his interest, and two years later, on the death of Mr. Pierce, took his place in the store again, where he has since remained. Their stock consists of dry goods, boots, shoes, etc., and is a valuable concern for this section of the country. Mr. Hartsook was born in Frederick County, Md., the date of his birth being May 26, 1824. He re- mained in the State of his narivity until 12 years of age, when he went to Madison County, Ohio, at which place he resided with his elder brother. In that county he learned the blacksmith trade, which he followed until June, 185 1, the date of his emigra- tion to Knox County. Mr. Haitsook was married in Windham County, Conn., June 9, 1846, the lady being Nancy Sherman, who was a daughter of Elisha and Nancy (Cook) Sherman. Her parents were na- tives of New England, where they resided until their deaths. Mrs Hartsook was bom in Foxboro, Mass., June 3, 1827, and has borne her husband seven children. ^ 4 , -^ V. ~ KNOX COUNTY. 291 five of whom are living, namely: Ellen D., Susan J., Ann H., David S. and Charles E. Those deceased are Orson N. and Emma. Ellen Hartsook is the wife of Joseph McComas, and they reside in Iowa; she is the mother of three children, bearing the names of Emma, Warner and Seymour. Susan Hartsook is the relict of H. J. Pierce, and is residing in Maquon ; her only child is named Charles D. Ann Hartsook has for a husband C. A. Walker, and they are residents of Maquon ; they are the parents of one daughter — Anna P. David Hartsook married Lizzie Green, and they also have one child — a son, David H. Charles E. Hartsook married Lizzie Swigert, and tliey are residents of Scott County, Kan. ; their one child bears the name of Vera. Mr. and Mrs. H., of this sketch, are identified with the Christian Church, and in politics he is a firm supporter of the Republican party. His par- ents were David and Helen (Harding) Hartsook. They were natives of Maryland, the former being of German and the latter of English ancestry. They both died when our subject was quite young. The members of their family were six in number, viz. : Henry E. H., Mary E., Cass A., Ellen, Haward D. and David H. I ,^ ohn W. Stephens was born in New Jersey, g^ June 6, 1825. His present occupation is that of farming, and he resides on section 10, Cedar Township. He is the great-grand- son of Richard and Dollie (Landenl Stephens, who were both natives of New Jersey, and were well known and respected. The great-grand- father was born Feb. 22, 1732, and died on the 17th of May, 1792. In the Revolutionary War he per- formed honorable service under Gen. Washington. It will be noticed that his and Gen. Washington's birthday are the same. His great-grandmother was born Jan. 14, 1743, and died on tlie ist of October, 1839. Their marriage was celebrated Feb. 18, 1762, and to the union nine children were born. The grandparents of Mr. Stephens were Samuel and Ann (Culver) Stephens. The birth of the grandfather W'as Dec. 22, 1762. His death occurred June 23, 1834. His grandmother was born Feb. 22, 1770, and their marriage was celebrated March 26, 1789; her death occurred Feb. 22, 1839. They were the parents of eleven children. One, Sarah, is still liv- ing in New Jersey, at the advanced age of 90. Richard, the father of John W., also a native of New Jersey, was born Aug. 4, 1791. His decease took place April 20, 1854. He married Miss Eleanor Addis, of New Jersey, who was born in June, 1790, and died in August, 1832. The marriage took place in 18 1 2, and five children were born to them. Sarah, Mr. Stephens' eldest sister, was born in March, 1S14; Nancy in April, 1818; Amanda in May, 1820, died in September, 1854; Lorenzo was born Sept. 29, 1827. All these children are still living e.xcept the one whose death is above recorded. Richard Stephens came with teams overland to Illinois, and stopped in Canton, Fulton County, for a short time, while he prospected. The same fall he made a selection in what is now known as Cedar Township, Knox County, where he bought a quarter- section of land on section 16. It was only partially improved, there being no house on it. Mr. Stephens erected a small frame house, in which he and the family lived for a number of years. After Mr. Ste- phens married, he, in 1850, moved to section 4, and built a liouse, and remained there five years, when he moved back to the old homestead, where he still lives and e.xpects to remain the balance of his life- time. Mr. John W., our subject, came to Illinois in the spring of 1838, and stopped in Canton, and, with his parents, took up his residence in Cedar Township, where they resided until tlie death of the latter. Mr. Stephens has held the position of Sur.ervisor of this township for over four years, has also served as Just- ice of the Peace for one year, and has been Road Commissioner for 20 years. He was Postmaster for two years at what was known as Farmers' Hall. He has received as fair an education as could be ob- tained at the common district schools, and is a fairly well-read man. His farm consists of 280 acres of improved land. In 1869 he erected an exceedingly fine dwelling and good barn. His marriage with Miss Mary Stephens took place Oct. 29, 1848. She was a native of Ohio, and born May 24, 1829, and came to Illinois with her parents in the year 1849. This lady is the daughter of Ebe- nezer and Mary (Goodpasture) Stephens. Her father was a native of New Jersey, and was born May 29, 1786. His death took place July 13, 1851. This u ^?^-4h 292 XJVOX COUNTY. lady's mother was born May 11, 1802, and died March 4, 1874. There were eight children born to this union, viz. : John, Aaron, Obadiah, Dorothy, Mary, Clarissa, Minard A. and Daniel S., who died on the steamboat while the family were coming West. The lady and gentleman, the principals of this sketch, have had four children, viz. : Sarah E., born Feb. 26, 1851; Ann Eliza, Jan. 21, 1853, who died Sept. 14, 1868; Lorenzo D., born Sept. 13, 1855, and Charles E., July 6, 1857. Those living are married. Sarah E. married Mr. W. H. H. Nelson, Dec. 29, 1870; is now a widow and has four small children — Stella M., Liva A., Lina E. and Minnie. Lorenzo D. married Miss Mary C. Cast, on the 21st of February, 1877, and has two children — Charles S. and Clayton. Charles C. married Miss Harriet E. Latimer, on Dec. 24, 1878, and has one child — Nora F. Mr. Stephens is an active member of the M. P. Church, while his wife is connected with the Congre- gational Church. In politics Mr. Stephens is a Re- publican through and through, and is likely to re- main an ardent supporter of the party. homas C. Duval. Among the early comers to this county, who by their own indomit- able energy and perseverance have ac- quired sufficient to enable them, in the evening of life, to retire from its active labor, is the gentleman of whom this brief biographical notice is written. He is to-day passing the sunset of life in peace and quiet retirement in the village of Wataga. Coming here in 1835, prior to the organi- zation of the county into townships, and at a time when the hand of civilization was hardly visible, he has here continued to reside for upward of 51 years, winning the respect of his fellow citizens by his straightforward and manly dealings, and slowly ac- quiring a competency. Mr. Duval was born in Virginia Feb. 28, 1802. His parents were James T. and Judah (Jennings) Duval, natives of Culpeper County, Va. His father was a farmer by occupation and also a slave-owner, and came to this State in 1835, settling at Appanoose, opposite Fort Madison, in Hancock County, where he died about the year 1838. He was a soldier in the War of 18 12, under the command of Col. Thomas D. Owens. The mother died in Arkansas. The subject of this notice was the oldest of a fam- ily of eight children, viz. : Thomas C, Sarah A., Elizabeth, Lucinda, James W. T., Daniel J., Judith A. and Nancy J., all of whom reached mature years and all were married and raised families. Our subject received a common-school education and worked on his father's farm until his coming to this State. Arriving here, he worked a season in Warren County, where for one year he rented a farm. He then came to this county and located four miles north of Galesburg, in Henderson Township, where he purchased a claim of a quarter-section of land, giving therefor $150. He subsequently perfected the title to his land by paying an additional sum of ^450. On this claim he settled and there laid the foundation of his present competency, and there continued to reside until 1855. He then moved to Henderson village, where he purchased another farm, and there lived, energetically engaged in the vocation of an agriculturist, until 1863. It was dur- ing this year that Mr. Duval came to Wataga, where, in close proximity to the village, he had previously, in 1850, purchased 240 acres. This purchase was made long prior to the establishment of the present -< village of Wataga, or even before the idea originated in the mind of man that a village was to be estab- lished at that place. On this 240 acres of land, which Mr. Duval had disposed of by sale, the pres- ent thriving little village of Wataga now stands. On coming to the village in 1863, Mr. Duval purchased a residence and lot and has there lived until this writing. Our subject at one time was the proprietor of 2,000 acres of land in this county. He has given the major portion of his land to his children, and at present is the proprietor of only 200 acres. Success seems to have attended his every effort in life. When he first came to this State he had but $100, and through his own energy and perseverance, coupled with the active co-operation of his good helpmeet, together with his children, his success may be attributable. Mr. Duval was united in marriage April 2, 1823, with Miss Nancy Shumate, a native of Virginia, where she was born Aug. rg, 1805. She is the daughter of Berryman and Elizabeth (Nelson) Shu- mate, natives of Virginia. Mr. Shumate was a sol- dier in tiae War of 1S12. Mrs. Duval was one of a family of si.\ children, viz. : Polly, Nancy, Eliza, HI- \ LIBRARY OF THE CMiVERSlTY OF ILUNCS3 m / lY'ay (%j:/y/^ynoA uyru ^,<|^ vf9^ ii o C^;^/^ ^On^^^^ yf. ^A^^9^^<^- I LIBRARY OF THE i;^l!VERS>TY OF \llW u KNOX COUNTY. 297 Lydia, William and Hiram, all of whom grew to man and womanhood. Of the unio'i of Mr. Duval and Miss Shumate a family of ten children have been born : Elizabeth (Mrs. Lewis) has borne her husband 1 1 children, nine of whom are living — William, Hiram, James, Mel- vina, Thomas, Aaron, Benjamin, Xaiicy and Albert; William Duval married Minerva Browner, and their children are Thomas, Elizabeth, Clara, James, John C, Lewis, George, Alice, Frederick and Berryraan ; Martha Duval, who is at present Mrs. Reed, has borne her husband the following children : Nancy, Helen, Sarah, Frances, Polly, Albert and Dora ; Mary Duval became Mrs. Eli, and she and her hus- band have three children — Nancy, Nellie and Willie; Helen Duval married Mr. Vaughn, and their chil- dren are Lydia, Sarah L., James, John, Elmo, Dora and Benjamin; Eleanor Duval became Mrs. Gray, and their children are Frank, George, Mary, Septer, Edwin and Nettie; Nancy A. Duval is the wife of James Roundtree. Mr. Duval of this notice is the grandfather of 43 children and the great-grandfather of 41. The cOm- "ing generation of his kinsmen, when they read the life of our subject, cannot but appreciate the energy with which he has passed through so inany trials and come out so successfully. In his politics, Mr. Duval is a believer in and a supjwrter of the principles of the Republican party, and is one of the citizens of Kno.x County respected and honored for what he is as «ell as for what he has been. ^3 =4=4= €>- ^fcgriirohn D. Eckman, a farmer of influence, re- '^^2a|.- sidino on section i, Cedar Townsliin, was ■^ ;."*^ was born in Cumberland County, Pa., on April r, 1849, and came to Illinois Feb. 24, 1870. For nine years he worked by the month and had no education except what he received by his own efforts and through the aid of the district school. He commenced farming on his own account in Knox County in 1878, and married Miss Mina M. Kelso, Feb. 4, 1870. Her birthday was April JO, 1846, her native place being Cumberland County, Pa. They were married in that State and much happiness has resulted in the union. She had three brothers and three sisters : Fulton, James, John, Bell, Ann and Tabitha. Mr. Eckman has five children living and two de- ceased : Frank, born Jan. 22, 1870; Matilda, Nov. 3, 1872; Tabitha, Dec. 20, 1874; Nellie, Jan. 24, 1877; Mary,Aug. 14, i88o; John, May 13, 1883; and an infant. Mr. Eckman is a Republican in principle and an earnest advocate of any measure calculated to promote his party's good. ^,|,zra Chapman. One of the most highly re- spected and best known citizens of Knox County, as well as one of its successful -w?- men, is Ezra Chapman, who is residing at Onei- da. He is the son of Asa and Susanna (Ber- ry) Chapman. The family history of the Chapmans embraces a long list of seafaring men, those who were prominent in that line, and who owned their own vessels and were engaged in carrying sup- plies to different parts of the world. It is also note- worthy to state that in a financial point of view they were successful. The family of which the father of our subject was a member was a very small one, there being but two children, himself and a sister. After he was married he made a voyage upon the sea, but soon returned to land, locating three and a half miles west of Utica, N. Y. It was during the residence of his parents there that the subject of this notice was born, the date thereof being Jan. 28, 1797. He was the eldest of five children, four sons and one daughter. The daughter was married and moved to near Sack- ett's Harbor, Suffolk Co., where she died some years ago. She had become the mother of one child, who is also deceased. John grew to manliood and mar- ried Miss Berry; he lived a useful life and died in Cayuga County, N. Y. His wife is still living, at New Carlisle, Ind., with her eldest son. Samuel Chapman is now living in Florida, where he spends his winters, his home, nevertheless, being at Oneida and at the residence of the subject of this notice. He is a widower. The maiden name of his wife was Mary Lanfear, who bore him several children. The father of Ezra Chapman accumulated a com- paratively large property (for that date), and at the time of his demise made his will in such a manner H^ ■j^ ■ I ^ ' KNOX C0UN2Y. as to deprive the subject of this notice from receiving any of his property, except the sum of $6. One of his sons and one of his daughters received $400 each, and the residue of his property, amounting to about $3,000, went to his other son, providing he took care of his mother until her death. Thus we see that our subject was the least favored of his father's children and was compelled to start in this world as " poor as a church mouse. " But being possessed of an unlimited amount of pluck and perseverance, he went forth with a cheerful heart to fight the battle of life alone. Very early in life he became a mechanic in one of the manufacturing establishments of Whites- town, Oneida Co., N. Y. He was only 15 years old when he learned a trade, and after a few years ap- plied to a Mr. Wolcott, one of the millionaires of that county, for a position as a mechanic in his shops, which he received. He worked for that gentleman 13 years, scarcely losing a day's time, and savinghis means. It was during this period that he was first ■ married, the date of the event being April 4, 1825, and the lady chosen Miss Sarah A. L&nfear. She was born Oct. 25, 1798, in Rome, Oneida County. ►^ She bore him children and departed this life at On- tario. 111., March 23, 1876. Two of their children are deceased. The following is the record of the family : John married Elizabeth Eckley, who bore him foui children — Ezra, Capitola, Carrie and Ida. By his second marriage, to Elizabeth Eldridge, he has three children — Sarah, John and Samuel, and they reside at Valley Falls, Kan.; Susan O. Chapman became the wife of Norman Fay, a prominent farmer of Ontario Township ; Oscar and Sarah are the two children born to them; Mary Jane married Charles H. Babcock, likewise a farmer of Ontario Township : three children — William C, Sarah and Hattie — were born to them ; Sarah A., deceased, was the wife of Marvin Scudder and became the mother of four children, viz. : Chapman, Eliza, Katie and William ; Asa died after he came home from the army, from the effects of a gunshot wound through the side, received while in service. He was in active service for four years, and was a brave as well as an obedient soldier. Ezra Chapman came to Knox County in the fall of 1 839, and at once made a settlement in what is now Ontario Township. This was at a time when but little improvement had been made here, and the land was consequently in its natural condition. Yet, at this early date, he made his selection of 160 acres near Ontario Corners. He had purchased the land on time from a gentleman in his native State, and before he was enabled to remit the purchase money the interest had accumulated to $14, which Mr. C. paid and which is the only time he has ever paid a dollar of interest money in his life, and this we de- sire to state is one of the main features of his suc- cess in life and of his popularity in Knox County, for every one knows him as a gentleman prompt to meet any and all contracts which he may make. On the 1 60 acres of land above referred to, Mr. Chapman located with his family and at once began the laborious task of improving it, and there lived, engaged in agricultural pursuits, for upward of 40 years, meeting with far more than ordinary success. During his early settlement here there was no rail- road through the county, and Mr. Chapman remem- bers very distinctly that he made just 17 trips to Chicago after provisions When the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad Company started to lay their track through the county, Mr. Chapman, real- izing the advantage that it would be to himself, as well as to other citizens, worked hard for it, and sue- < ceeded in getting a number of his fellow townsmen to subscribe to the stock of the company, promising to take it off their hands whenever they desired. Sure enough, in a few years, when the stock began to depreciate in value, they swarmed about him for their money, and he was always ready to accommo- date them. He at that time must have had far bet- ter judgment regarding the future value of the stock than the parties who were so anxious to have him take theirs at their depreciated value, for they are to- day as good security as one could wish, and it is through the purchasing of these stocks and the hold- ing of them that Mr. Chapman has become wealthy. He is the only stockliolder in this city and is one of the largest in the county. Mr. Chapman has a fine residence in Oneida, locat- ed on Prospect street, and it is the only real estate of which he is the proprietor. December 26, 1878, he was married to Miss Mary E. Long, the accom- plished daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth (Can- nel) Long, natives of Columbiana County, Ohio. She was born there, Jan. 20, 1858, and was the eldest of her parents' family of five children. Mrs. Chapman was nine years of age when her parents came to this State and made settlement in Ogle County, where, at ^ KNOX COUNTY. 299 Forreston, they are still living. The grandfather of Mrs. Chapman was the second Bishop of the Evan- gelical Episcopal Church. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Chapman has been Justice of the Peace of Ontario Township for six years and was also Postmaster at Ontario Corners for some time. He has voted the Republican ticket ever since the nom- ination of Fremont, in 1856, but prior to that time was a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Chapman have had born to them two children — Myrtle I. and Homer E., both of whom are deceased. During the War of i8i2,Mr. Ezra Chapman stood the draft. He had not reached the age of 18 years. However, when the lime come he drew his lot, which was a blank. He was willing to go if he had been selected. The draft was for men to defend Sackett's Harbor from a threatened invasion. None of the men that were drafted for the occasion ever got into active service. A portrait of Mr. Chapman, as well as that of his deceased wife, appears on another page. -O T~7 €S- jrs. Cynthia Shaw, the relict of John C. Shaw, and a lady of more than ordinary fs^ ' business ability, who is at present resid- \ ing on her fine farm in Sparta Township, ■T* deserves more than passing notice at the hands I of the biographer. She is the daughter of Cyrus and Maria (Calkins) Robbins, and was born in Sparta Township, Dec. 25, 1839, her marriage with John C. Shaw occurring Nov. 28, 1861. John C. Shaw, husband of our subject, was born April 26, 1830, in Lewis County, N. Y. His parents, Martin and Margaret (Styles) Shaw, were natives of the Empire State. Martin Shaw died in 1834, and his wife and four children, John C. among the number, came to this county in 1846 and made a location in Sparta Township, on So acres of land on section 3, which the mother had purchased. There the widow with her orphaned children continued to live until 1854, when she was called to meet her loving hus- band in the land beyond. After the death of his mother, John C. purchased the combined interests of his brothers and sisters in the old homestead, on which the subject of this sketch is at present residing. In 1880 he made an additional purchase of 50 acres adjoining the pa- rental homestead, and there lived and labored, with the interest and prosperity of his family at heart, un- til his demise, on the 7th of May, 1881. He was a member of the Advent Church, to which his wife still belongs. At the date of his demise he was also the proprietor of 143 acres of land in Washington County, Oregon. His widow, our subject, still re- sides on the old farm, and with her children is en- gaged in its cultivation, meeting with success. Mr. Shaw was a public-spirited, generous, whole-souled man, and always ready and willing to assist in any enterprise that was calculated to benefit the com- munity in which he lived, and was never known to turn a deaf ear to true charity. He held the office of School Director of his township for eight years, and, as a representative of the agricultural class to which he belonged, was the peer of any. ^fe?|j|i B. Harshberger is one among the promi-' |il®il£ nent farmers of Knox County, as well as j 1%' o""^ of i's ™°^' worthy citizens. He is in- ^1.^ terested in stock raising and dealing, and his ' It home is located on section 15, Haw Creek I Township. He has been also quite a promi- nent man in public affairs, and has filled the office of Road Commissioner a number of times. His homestead comprises the south half of section 15, and on it he has erected a neat frame house, con- venient and modernized out-buildings, and made comfortable the entire property. Mr. Harshberger was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 5, 1819, and is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Beckner) Harshberger, both natives of Virginia. In the fall of 1835 they emigrated to Knox County, but previously went from Virginia to Ohio, the date of their removal not being exactly known. When they came to Illinois, they settled in what is now known as Haw Creek Township, and bought the patent title to the same quarter-section now occupied by our subject. Here they remained up to the date of the father's death, which occurred in 1874, the mother having previously departed this life, closing her eyes to things of life three years be- fore. They lie side by side on the home farm. ■4-a- -*4: 300 KNOX COUNTY. " They were one in life and in death they were not divided." The gentleman of whom we write is one of a family of 1 1 children, nine boys and two girls. He was married Oct. 5, 1849, to Mary, daughter of David and Elizabeth (Thornbrugh) Housh, and to them have been born seven children — Lenora C, Leah A., Olive E., Ida D., May L., Amanda and Edna L. Lenora C. and Amanda are deceased. The mother of these children belongs to a family of 13, who all lived to attain the age of man and womanhood but one. All were married and founded homes of their own but one. The ancestry on both the father's and mother's side of the house were German, but the descendants were American by birth. Both Mr. Harshberger and wife are members of the United Brethren Church, are consistent Chris- tians, and ever ready to unite heart and hand in for- warding any enterprise for the good of their fellow men. In politics he is a Greenbacker. eorge W. Butt. Among the principal farmers, whose names are enrolled on the records of Knox County as worthy of men- tion for success and enterprise, is found the subject, who for zeal and thrift has no superior in this section of the country. His home is situated on section 29, and is a desirable and attract- ive farm, the soil being under high cultivation and including 355 acres of land, 150 of which is tillable. Mr. Butt came with his parents to this part of the State in infancy, being but T3 months old, from Champaign County, Ohio, where he was born, Feb. 16, 1836. His parents, Thomas E. and Sarah E. (Williams) Butt, were natives of Virginia and settled in Persifer Township, where they both died. They had 13 children, of whom William was the 1 2th in order of birth. He was given some educa- tional advantages, receiving a common-school edu- cation, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits for some length of time. He was married in Persifer Township, Sept. it, 1853, to Dorcas Dawson, daugh- ter of James and Margaret (Claypool) Dawson, na- tives of Ohio. Mrs. Butt was born in what is now known as Vinton County, Ohio, July 8, 1834. Mr. m and Mrs. Butt have seven living children, as fol- lows : Martha J., James A., Thomas J., Harriet Anna, Charles I., Sarah E. and George W., Jr. They have buried one child, John W. by name. Martha is the wife of L. N. Hiler, and resides at Knoxville ; she has one child, by name George E. ; James A. is in Washington Territory ; Thomas is married to Sa- rah H. Jackson and his home is in Persifer Town- ship; they have three children — Lawrence, Benjamin L. and Laurel ; Harriet Anna is the wife of James H. Perkins, and her home is in Persifer Township; she is the mother of two children — Katie M. and Charley R. The remaining children are all under the parental roof. Mr. Butt has been Road Commissioner, Township Clerk and School Director respectively, which offices he has held with honor and credit to himself and his electors. He was given the position of Justice of the Peace, but did not-qualify for it. He has served his country faithfully and well, fighting under the stars and stripes to protect her, and to win that no- 1 ble independence and liberty which are birthrights of every American and which they will suffer nothing to wrest from them. He enlisted Dec. 21, 1861, in >s Co. B, ist III. Cav., and served seven months, when he was honorably discharged, and re-enlisted in Co. A, loth Missouri Cav. In that regiment he served for three yerrs, and when at last discharged he re- turned to his home in Persifer Township. He is at the present time a member of the James T. Shields Post, No. 45, G. A. R. •^^ — €-^# ^^-' l^^^^r ngeline Whipple, who devotes her time to ^jMSr, farming and stock-raising on section 9, of f^ Cedar Township, was born Feb. 8, 1843, and on her father's side is of Scotch ancestry. Ij?^ She is now living on the old home farm where ) she was born. She is the daughter of Peter C. and Eliza H. (Boram) Nelson. The former was born in Greenboro County, W. Va., in 1807. His de- mise took place on March, 6, 1881. He was a Re- publican, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was Cli.ss Leader fora number of years. He died full in the faith and the hope of eternal bliss. He married Miss Boram, as we have have already stated. They were the parents of eight children, four boys and four gids the latter being now dead, with n!' UBmy OF THE l-nVERSITYOFILLINC?: ^a^'SS^:^, Residence cf :.;•: = ;■; L^3:,ALD Mackintosh, Sec. 12. .Ontario Toy.:.: KNOX COUNTY. 303 the exception of the subject, whose name heads this sketch. One of the boys is also deceased. The names of the children are : Mary J., John J., Hester A., Louisa, Angeline, William H. H. (deceased), Zachariah T. and Aaron F. Mrs. Whipple married Joseph W. Whipple, Oct. 4, i860, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. A. Morey of the Methodist Episcopal ("hurch. Mr. Whipple was a native of Wayne County, N. Y., where he was born in 1839. By this marriage there were three children born, two of whom are now liv- ing: W. H., born June 12, 1862, and died April 13, 1868; Harvey N., born Oct. 25, 1868; and L. A., Sept. 8, 1872. Mrs. Whipple has 90 acres of land, and is carrying on her farming operations with the assistance of her two sons. She owns a full-blooded Jersey cow, and a number of finely bred Short-horn cattle, to- gether with 50 head of sheep. This lady, who is remarkable for her good sense and geniality of dispo- sition, received her education at the common schools. She is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and takes part in all good movements in her congregation. ilson Adams. The subject of this brief biographical notice is an enterprising man ^ '^ and ranks high among the indi-.strious and '> persevering farmers of Knox County. His property is situated on section 13, Rio Township, and is a handsome and convenient home. He is a useful man in the community, tak- ing a great interest in educational matters and hold- ing the office of School Director in his home district. Mr. Adams is the son of James and Sarah (Miller) Adams, natives of North Carolina, who came to Knox County about 1843, and located in Rio Town- ship. The country was then new and the land all undeveloped, but they were ambitious and eventually built for themselves a home in which they spent their last days, the father dying in i88i and the mother about 1850. The grandfather of Mr. Adams was a soldier in the War for Independence. To this couple were born eight children, of whom the sub- ject of this sketch was the second in order of birth. He was born in Southern Indiana Sept. 22, 1834, and was about nine years of age when his parents emigrated to Knox County. He was allowed all ordinary advantages and received a common-school education, and since attaining the years of manhood has engaged in agricultural pursuits, at which he has been very successful. With the exception of five years passed in Mercer County, he has spent almost his entire life in this section of country. He owns 170 acres of land, all of which is tillable. On the 6th of March, 1856, our subject was united in marriage with Sarelda J. Rusk, who was born in Montgomery County, Ind., Dec. 20, 1835. Her par- ents were John'and Joanna (Ball) Rusk, both natives of Ohio. They came to Knox County in 1846, and in the fall of that year the former died, in Rio Township. The mother's demise occurred in 1867. Her ancestors were of German origin. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Adams are eight in number, and their names are as follows : Rosa G., Henry M., Ida R., Eddie A., E. Otis, Sarah A. and Clyde W. Theron, another child, was lost in infancy. Rosa, the wife of Amos Means, lives in Iowa, and is the mother of three children — Ethel, Florence and Clyde E. Henry is engaged in farming and lives in Nebraska; he wedded .'^da*< Richards, and to them has been born one child — Clara E. Ida is the wife of Ralph Mount, and her home is also in Nebraska; she is the mother of one child, named Willard E. The other children of Mr. Adams remain at home. He and his wife are con- nected with the Protestant Methodist Church. Po- litically, he is wide-awake to the situation of affairs and public workers, and supports the Democratic party, both in theory and in practice. A view of Mr. Adams' home is shown on another page in this work. J<>00« i^uit. J'badiah P. Beebe, a farmer and carpenter by occupation, resides on section 28, Cedar Township. He was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Aug. 29, 182 r, and early learned the trade of a carpenter, at which he worked during the summer, attending school in the winter. He is the son of T. J. and Sarah (Preston) Beebe. The father was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., in 1793, his demise occurring .\pril 3, 1869, in the same State. His mother was born in 1795 and died in 1839. By this union there were eight ^•t-h^ 304 KJVOX COUNTY. JU children — Nelson, Almira, Obadiah P., Dillon, Car- lin, Martin and two who died in infancy. Mr. Beebe married Miss Sabra A. Merriit, July 3, 1857. She was the daughter of William and Ella (Follett) Merritt, and was born in Ohio, Sept. 22, 1839. Her parents were natives of New York. The father was born in 1800, and died in Warrren County, 111., in 1870; the mother, born in 1810, died Dec. 14, 1885, also in Warren County. There were II children by the union, three of whom died in in- fancy; those surviving; are: Ann C, born in 1835; Maritta, in 1837; Sabra A., in 1839; Adelia J., in 1841; Jerome, in 1844; Albert, in 1846; Maria, in 1850; Caroline in 1854, her death occurring two years later; and Charlie, born in 1856, died in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Beebe have two children living — Ida M., born April 10, 1858, wife of Sam'l Kessler, lives in Nebraska; and Willie, born July 13, 1878. Mr. Beebe emigrated to Illinois in 1869, and worked at his trade some two years, then moved to Stark County, where he remained three years, when he re- solved on returning to this section, where he pur- chased 80 acres of land, which he has under a very ' high state of cultivation, and on which he has built a fine dwelling house, of fair dimensions. His daugh- ter, Ida May, married Mr. Sam'l Kessler, and resides in Nebraska. By this union there were two children, boys — Preston and Clyde. In religious sentiment, Mr. and Mrs. Beebe are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Abingdon, 111., where they are held in high esteem. He is a Republican in politics and a strong sup- porter of its prirciples. |lwM^^r. J. Harts Miller. Among the leading ijl^^yiv professional gentlemen of this county, as ■ well as live, enterprising business men, is Dr. J. H. Miller, of Abingdon. He was born in Alexandria, Va., Sept. 9, 1839. His parents were also natives of the Old Dominion, his father, Joseph H., being a native of the same place as his son, but of English and Welsh descent. His mother, Phebe A. (Janney) Miller, was born in Lou- don County, and was of Irish-English descent. The elder Miller was engaged in the mercantile business while a resident of Virginia, but in 1846, with his family, came to Illinois and located in Fulton County, where they engaged in farming. Here the Doctor passed his youth, assisting his father in the labors of the farm and attending the neighboring schools. He was a young man of fine physical development, and possessed a patriotic heart and a strong devo- tion to the flag that had been unfurled so early in the history of the country, and had waved over a free and united people. But when the enemy at the front were pressing our armies hard and the President called for more troops, young Miller stepped forward and enlisted to defend that flag. It was in August, 1862, when the young soldier enrolled his name on the list of Co. B, 84th 111. Vol. Inf. He served his country faithfully and well for three years, and was mustered out in June, 1865. He participated in some of the most important and bloody battles of the war, among which are Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, and was at Atlanta as an Orderly with Gens. Palmer, Stanley and others. On his return from the fields of war he began the study of medicine under Dr. I. W. Johnson, of Pe- oria. From there he entered the medical depart- ment of the University of Michigan, and later took *" his second course at the Homeopathic Medical Col- lege of St. Louis, graduating in the class of 1868. He immediately entered upon the practice of his ' profession, locating at Du Quoin, Perry Co., 111. He remained there but a short time, for in 1870 we find him in Abingdon, since which time he has been one of the prominent practitioners of Kno.x County. He has also been somewhat engaged in farming, and he now owns two small but valuable farms of 80 and 45 acres respectively. Upon these he has had an opportunity of engaging in a department of stock- raising which he is very much interested in. These are his Jersey cattle, of which he has a very fine herd, and his trotting-horses, or roadsters. Dr. Miller is also proprietor of the patent of the Star Gate, a very valuable and popular gate, which is sold from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from which its proprietor derives a handsome revenue. He is not only the owner of the patent, but is en- gaged in the manufacture of the gate. Dr. Miller was married in 1874, in Cedar Town- ship, this county, to Miss Dulcena B. Latimer, daugh- ter of George Latimer, one of the most honorablfrof Knox County's pioneers. She was born in Cedar Township, where she was reared. She is the mother 4-^ ^n)p •e4 KNOX COUNTY. 305 of four children — Mabel, the eldest, who was born July, 1876, died Dec. x, 18S1 ; Laura W. was born March 3, 1S7S; Malcolm F., Jan. 10, 1880, and .Anna M., Jan. 29, 1882. Dr. and Mrs. Miller are members of the Congre- gational Church, and himself politically a Democrat. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. and Masonic fraternities. Dr. Miller, yet young in years, has led an active and successful life, and has already made a record both as a man and in his profession which much older persons might well envy. Serving his country faithfully in her hour of need, a devoted stu- dent, active practitioner and enterprising business man, he has already, though yet in the prime of life, accomplished more than usually falls to the average man in an entire lifetime. . Frederick Christianer. Prominent ^ among the professional men of Abingdon, and a gentleman whose interests have been identified with the growth and development of ^ the place, and who has met with success in the i practice of his profession, is the subject of this notice, engaged in tlie practice of dental surgery at Abingdon. Dr. Christianer was born in Ostercap- peln, Kingdom of Hanover, Nov. 22, 1829, and is the son of August Frederick and Johana (Obrock) Christ- ianer. His father was born in the Kingdom of Han- over, Oct. 4, 1779, and died in 1876, at Beardstown, 111. His mother was bom in the same country, March 6, 1806 and died in 1844 in her native land. The father of Dr. C. married in the year 1826. Dr. Christianer emigrated from his native land to the United States in 1S44, when but 15 years of age, and located in New York City. Remaining there si.x months he went to St. Louis, where, after spending six months he came to this State, and located at Beardstown, in 1845. At that place he engaged in the watch-maker and jeweler's trade which he fol- lowed for a time, when he removed to Canton, Fulton County, and there studied dentistry. He came to Abingdon in 1856, and engaged in the watch-maker and jeweler's trade to which he added the practice of dentistr)-. About 1862 he abandoned the former bus- iness and since that time has devoted his life exclu- sively to the practice of his profession, except such time as he was compelled to devote to the various of- ficial positions to which he has been elected. For several years he was Town Clerk of Indian Point Township, and was eight years an incumbent of the office of Police Magistrate at Abingdon. For four years Dr. Christianer was County Superintendent of schools, commencing his official career in that capac- ity in 1879. He has also held the office of City Clerk of Abingdon for 17 years and is the present incum- bent of that office. He has also served as School Director for nine years and holds that position at this writing. From the foregoing brief sketch, we see that Dr. Christianer has been a resident of Abingdon for upwards of 30 years, and from the numerous positions of trust he has held, we note that his popular- ity among his fellow men has been recognized, and that he has always had the best interest of his town and county at heart. Dr. Christianer was married at Canton, III., Dec. 5, 1850, to Miss Jane E., the accomplished daughter of James P. and Mary M. (Kinney) McMillen. She was born in Mercersburg, Pa., May 30, 1827. Her father was born at the same place, June 2, 1793, and her mother was likewise born there Jan. 17, 1803. The date of the marriage of her parents was in Jan- uary, 1820. Dr. and Mrs. Chistianer have been blessed by a family of seven children : James A., born Sept. 6, 1851, is a teacher of music at .Atlanta, Ga. ; Frank, born Aug. r, 1853, is a teacher of mu- sical Des Moines, Iowa; MoUie, born Oct, 14, 1855, is the wife of A. C. Mount, extensive manfacturer of brooms at Des Moines, Iowa; Belle, born May 10, X858, is the wife of Curtis Byrom, Postmaster and merchant at Cloverdale, Kan.; Fred, born April 30, 1859, married Nettie Schultz and is engaged in the music business at St. Louis, Mo.; Harry Tell, born Jan. 22, 1862, is single and resides at Des Moines; Lake, born .\ug. 18, 1867, is a student of Hedding College, Abingdon. Dr. Christianer and family are happily possessed of a high order of musical talent, which has been liberjUy cultivated. Within the fam- ily circle they constitute a complete concert party, capable of giving an entertainment that would com- pare favorably with the performances of profession- als. Socially, the Doctor is a member of Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F., and has been for the past eight years Deputy Grand Master of said Lodge. The Doctor lakes a great interest in the order to 4-^ ^^=^4-* 3o6 KNOX COUNTY. which he belongs, and bj' his industry has contributed much to its prosperity. Politically, he votes with the Republican party. Alex, rinley. One of the most prominent l^'r farmers and breeders of fine cattle, swine and Clydesdale horses, and owner of a fine farm, situated on sections 13 and 24, Ontario Township, on which latter he resides, is the subject of this notice. His farm of 380 acres is one of the best in any county in the State of Illi- nois. It is highly cultivated and is known as Rich- land Farm. It was bought by Mr. F. at times from 1863 to 1868, except a portion he inherited one year before making his first purchase of 80 acres. He has since made this his home and has improved his stock till it now compares favorably with the best in the [ country, Short-horn cattle and Poland-China hogs being specialties with him. Mr. Finley was born in Delaware, Ohio, March 26, 1839. His father, Joseph Finley, a farmer, was a native of Ohio and of New England parentage and came to Delaware County when eight years of age. Here he was married to Jane Farris, a Virginian, and to them four children were born, Alex, being the the youngest but one and but three years of age when his mother died. The father re-married, and in 1843, t'^^ entire family came to Ontario Township, Knox County, settling on an entirely new place, on section 21, and living in a wagon till their house was built, a log hut or cabin. In this they lived for seven years, after which they built, and in the new home the father died in 1866. He had improved 200 acres and owned considerable more land in an- other part of the township. After the decease of the father, Mr. Finley became possessor of 130 acres, upon which he at once began operations, adding from time to time new purchases and showing him- self remarkably successful in his chosen vocation. Mr. Finley has to-day one of the best tiled farms in the State. He has laid in the neighborhood of 3,000 rods of tiling. He attributes his good crops to the amount of tiling and thinks that it saves one- third in plowing, and advises all farmers to tile their land and their crops will be an assured success. He was married in Ontario Township, Nov. 5, 1868, to Miss Mary E. Cox, whose birthplace was Somerton, England, and who came to America with her parents when a little girl. They located in this country in r846, and her parents still live in this township, where they own a farm. Mrs. F. is the mother of five children, all living and at home, viz. : Gertie, Georgie, Orton, Clyde and Louisa. Both Mr. and Mrs. Finley are members of the Congregational Church. In politics he is a Republican. He has won his way to his present strong and in- fluential position by the practice of industry, sobriety and fair dealing, and is yet a comparatively young man. The years of his future life promise still greater achievements in business, duty and prosper- ity. r'ohn J. Sutor. Conspicuous on the records of Knox County may be found the name of the subject of this biography. He is a farmer and his homestead is situated on sec- ^r tions tg and 20 of Sparta Township. In point of industry and enterprise he is regarded as ii one of the most able men of Knox County. He is well known as one of the representative citizens of this section of the country, and has been markedly successful in his chosen field of labor. Mr. Sutor was born in Ireland Jan. 25, 1850, his parents being John and Martha (Lyttle) Sutor, na- tives of Ireland. His father was born Aug. 15, 1827, and his mother in 1829. They came to Can- ada in 1853, in which country they remained until 1859. At the expiration of this time they removed to the State of Illinois, renting a farm in Galesburg Township, where they remained until 1864. This property consisted of 80 acres, situated on section 19. Subsequently he added to it 80 acres. The fruits of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Sutor were five children, namely: William, John J., Mar- garet J., Martin and Henry T. Mr. Sutor died Nov. 14, 1874. He was a self-made man, having strug- gled for an education and pushed his way through the world with admirable perseverance. His re- ligion was of an every-day, practical kind, and its fruits were shown in his daily life. He was con- nected with the Presbyterian Church by membership. Politically he was a Republican. John J. Sutor, of this recital, has always lived with LAn: I OF THE L'MIVERSITY OF ILUN' (^ /hi^9).^A^ ^-6—^ ^iVf?^ COUNTY. 309 his parents, and his earlier days were spent at school, where by application and industry he acquired a good practical education. He assisted his father on the home farm, and at his death took entire charge of it, discharging the duties connected with it in a manner creditable to himself. In 1875 he erected a handsome and commodious residence on the farm, valued at $2,700, and, added to his farm- ing pursuits, does quite an e.Ktensive business in stock-raising. With his brothers, Martin and Henry T., as associate partners, he carries on farming in Rooks Co., Kan. They have five sections of land in Walton Township, Kan., and are extensive stock- breeders thereon. Mr. Sutor is in politics a Republi- can, and understands the inner workings of that par- ty, which he supports by his presence and vote. J'ohn McDowell. One of the retired farmers llf of Knox County, and one of its representa- tive and substantial citizens, is found in the subject of this biographical narration. His home lies on section 15, of Copley Township, and he for enterprise and real strength of charac- ter, quick foresight and financial ability, has no peer , in his neighborhood. Mr. McDowell was born Oct. 26, 1S16, and his parents are John and Ann (Livingston) McDowell, nativesof Scotland. Mrs. McDowell died in her native " land in 1825, and Mr. McDowell re-married in 1830, his second matrimonial alliance being with Eliza- beth McCornack, who died in Scotland in 1836. There were by the first union four children — Gordon, Mary A., John and Elizabeth ; and by the second, Jeanette, Thomas and Robert. Mr. John McDowell came to America in 1839, and settled on section 16, Copley Township, Kno.x County, where he purchased 640 acres of school land, and there lived for two years. At the expiration of that time he abandoned this property, as the land did not come into market nor prove a paying investment. He next went on section 14, where he purchased 160 acres, which he improved, and remained there in their desirable home until his death, in 1867. The subject of our sketch remained at home until he was 23 years of age, lending all [wssible aid to the home work on the farm, and gaining as desirable an education as possible. In 1842 he went to Scotland, and united in marriage with Miss Margaret, daugh- ter of James and Jane (Heron) Gordon. In the year 1843 ^^ returned with his wife to America, coming overland from Chicago in a wagon, making this rough trip from necessity, as there was no other means of conveyance. They were six days in com- ing to Knox County, after which they settled on sec- tion 10, and, purchasing 80 acres, began what was afterward a pleasant home. There they remained until 1865, and on his original purchase he set out trees, fenced and improved it, cultivating the land, and in 1851 purchased 80 acres on section 15, which he added to it. He owns largely in landed estates at the present day, being the possessor of about 700 acres. He built where he now lives, in 1865, a home which is the admiration of that section of the country, handsome and commodious. Its value ap- proximates $3,500, and, besides a number of barns, his farms are stocked with the finest breeds of cat- tle, and are in an excellent state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. McDowell have a family often chil- dren, nine of whom survive; they are as follows: Amelia, John, now deceased, James, Jeanette, Dewitt, Isabelle, William, Peter, Fredricka and Cora. James f< married Alice Swikard, and they are the parents of two children — Arthur and John. Jane H. is the wife of John McKee. Isabelle united in marriage with . James McClymont, and is the mother of four children —Ethel, Frederick, Gordon and Jeanette. Peter is the husband of Amelia Gehring, and has one son, Curtis. Mr. McDowell is a stanch and zealous Republi- can, supporting his party with sentiment and vote, and advocating its doctrines. He is a stirring, active member in the society to which he belongs, and has held "lany of the minor offices of the township ; has been Supervisor and School Trustee, taking an act- ive interest in educational matters, and in all things relative to the good of the public schools. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace. With his wife he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and they are consistent and worthy members of that body, showing forth the noble principles of practical Chris- tianity, as taught in the precepts of the Savior, in their daily lives. He has had the misfortune to lose his life companion, she departing this life Dec. 17, 188 1, in the full and blessed assurance of a happy hereafter. Mr. McDowell was one of the settlers who came 310 ■Y- KNOX COUNTY. here at an early day, and, although not among the very earliest of the pioneers, relates that, on coming here, the tract of country that, under the skill, ready foresight and active execution of its inhabit- ants, has grown into a populous and intelligent com- munity, was in a very wild and unsettled condition. There were deer and wolves and wild animals in abundance, and he has watched from a compara- tively early date the advancement and prosperity of Knox County, with the feelings of those who put their whole souls into the success of an honest enter- prise. In the year 1884 Mr. McDowell visited his native country. While there he traveled all through England and the Continent. Getting homesick after a three months' trip, he returned home. As an emi- nently deserving citizen of the county, we are pleased to present the portrait of Mr. McDowell in this vol- ume. Iji-idney L. Wilmot. At the time the sub- ject of this notice, in company with his par- ents, first set foot upon the soil of this county, in 1836, there had hardly been made a settlement in what is now Sparta Township. Our subject may accordingly be ranked as a pioneer of Knox County. For a period of 50 years, he has been connected with its agricultural develop- ment. He has witnessed its growth from the primi- tive condition to its wonderful development at this time. Mr. Wilmot was born in Steuben County, N. Y., March 15, 1829, his parents being Amos and Betsey (Crawford) Wilmot, the former a native of Chester, Conn., and the latter of Bainbridge, N. Y. The parents of Mr. Wilmot were married in 1828, and of their union ten children were born : Sidney L. ; Sarah A., who became Mrs. Thomas Mansfield; Hannah, the wife of E. Bennett; Olive, who died when two years of age; Jesse, who married Eliza Firkins; Stowell, who died in infancy; Emma, the wife of E. H. Taylor: Bradley, who selected Miss Alsada Botsford for his wife; Rebecca, wife of James Shull; and Lydia, who became Mrs. E. J. Rogers. The parents came to Illinois as early as 1836, and found a desirable location on section 6, Sparta Town- ship. They were honorable and highly respected pio- neers until their death. The elder Wilmot proved a very enterprising and valuable pioneer, and was the *T first of those sturdy pilgrims who ventured out upon the broad and fertile prairie. It must be remembered that the early settlements throughout this section were made in the timber, or on some point of timber bordered by the prairie. For many years it was gen- erally considered that prairie land was valuable only as a range for stock. Even for 20 years after Mr. Wilmot had ventured out on the prairies, few men ever expected to live long enough to see them fenced. Amos Wilmot evidently had a keener vision, and this enabled him to see farther into the future than most of his fellow pioneers. The ideas which he promul- gated, and which at the time seemed so radically wrong, are now universally regarded as wise. He erected the first house on the prairie in this sectian of the county, which was also the first house built in Sparta Township. At that time there was but one house in Ontario Township. It will thus be seen that he was truly a pioneer, pushing ahead, opening up and making easy the way for others. Deer and wolves were numerous, and were often seen around the cabins of the pioneers. The elder Wilmot knew all about the privations and sufferings incident to the settlement of a new country. He and his devoted "^ wife lived to see the wonderful transformation in the condition of the country they found in its native wildness. They both died in the same year, 1878, the former August 28, and the latter December 26. Sidney L. remained an inmate of the parental home until he reached his majority. In the meantime he assisted in the work of the farm and attended such schools as the country at that time afforded. In 1850, on becoming his own man, he purchased 80 acres of land on section 5, Sparta Township, which is a portion of his present splendid farm. He was not at that time able to move upon it and begin its improvement. He worked out by the month for six months, when he rented some land, and during the winter he worked in the timber, getting out fencing material with which to enclose his land. By the year 1858, he was enabled to move upon the place, having during that year secured a helpmeet, in the person of Miss Sarah Brown, who was a native of New York. She was the daughter of William and Phcebe (Mor- ris) Brown. Her parents died when she was quite young, and she came west from New York, with the family of Schuyler Goldsmith, living with them up to the date of her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot have an adopted daughter by the name of Ada Hammond. •J l- ■ • ■ t KNOX COUNTY. 3»' She was married to William Ely (see sketch of Mr. Ely) Feb. 17, 18S3; they are now living in Dakota. Mr. Wilraot has made valuable improvements ufKjn his farm, and has 295 acres of highly cultivated land, valued at $65 per acre. He was practically reared in this county, being brought here when a lad of seven years of age, and has become one of its best known and most highly respected citizens. He had a hard and laborious struggle in the early years of life, and where many failed, he has succeded; His life has been marked by liberality in the support of schools and churches, and in every enterprise that tended to build up or better the community. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church, of Ontario, and Mr. W. is a stanch Republican. 'ohn H. Wagner. Among the successful ^B^ business men of Maquon may be found "^^^ the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this brief "narration. He is the son of Jesse and Nancy (Whiitaker) Wagner, who were natives of Pennsylvania and of German and Irish ancestry. They married and settled in Pennsylvania, where they lived until 1840, when they came to Fulton County, and from thence, in 1848, removed to Maquon Township, and in 1866 settled in the pretty and thriving little village of Maquon, in the same State. They raised a family of eight chil- dren, as follows: William, Jacob S., Mary E., Fran- cis J., George K., Julia A., H. and Rebecca C. John H. Wagner was born in Columbia County, Pa., the date of his birth being June 12, 1838. He received his education in the common schools and supplemented this by attendance at Hedding Col- lege, Abingdon. Afterward he attended Knox Col- lege for a short period, but was obliged to leave on account of ill health. He taught school in McDon- ough County for five months, and afterward went to Chicago, and there accepted a position as traveling agent for an insurance company located at Freeport, 111. On returning to Chicago he entered the com- mercial college of Bryant & Stratton ; afterward, re- turning to Maquon Township, he engaged as an agriculturist, which occupation he followed for ten years. In September, 1875, he bought the hardware stock of Israel Howel, of Maquon Township, and since that time has conducted the business. By fair and honest dealing with his fellow men he has es- tablished a good and constantly increasing trade. He is at the present time the owner of 210 acres of fine land in Maquon and Chestnut Townships. He formed a matrimonial alliance at Fairview, Fulton Co., 111., Dec. 25, 1865, the lady of his choice being Martha A., daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Alcott) Brunton, natives of Pennsylvania. They have been blessed by the birth of seven children, by name as follows : Eliza J., William H., Martha A., John, Mary E., Rachel and Milton. Martha was born in McDonough County, March 8, 1841. Mr. and Mrs. W., of this notice, are the parents of four living children, namely: Reginald V., Harry, Sarah E. and Emma. They buried two children, by name Ida G. and Warren H. Ida died when seven years of age and Warren at the age of four. Mr. Wagner has been one of the Trustees of the village of Maquon for the period of five years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and both him- self and wife are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. In politics he is a believer in and sup- porter of the principles advocated by the DemocraticTi party. eorge F. Niles. Sparta Township has many prosperous and well-to-do farmers ; men who are the recipients of no legacy, but who have obtained a good title to their farms through their own indomitable energy and perseverance. Among this number conspic- uously stands the subject of this notice. He was born in Columbia County, N. Y., Aug. 25, 1828, and came to this State just 29 years later. Sill and Lovisa (Olmstead) Niles, the parents of our subject, were natives of York State. The father was an extensive farmer in his native State, and of his union with Miss Olmstead eight children were born, six of whom lived to attain the age of man and womanhood. Both heads of the family continued to reside in their native State until their demise, his oc- curring March 7, 1872, and hers in 1S53. George F. Niles lived with his parents on the old homestead in York State until he attained the age of 27 years, assisting in the labors on the farm. Prior to this time he had received an elementary ed- v r^H 312 KNOX COUNTY. ucation in the common schools and supplemented the same by an academical course. In 1857 he came to this county and made settlement at Wataga. There he purchased a flouring-niill, and in company with his brother, David P., they successfully ran the same for seven years, when he exchanged the mill for land in Henry County. In r862, the brothers purchased 160 acres of land on section 19, Sparta Township, and there the subject of this notice lived and labored until 1867. From the latter date until the year 187 1, they were engaged in the mercantile business at Altona, Knox County. In 187 1, Mr. Niles erected a residence on section 21, of Sparta Town- ship, where he had purchased 160 acres of good tilla- ble land, in 1866, and where he resides at this writing. He and his brother are the proprietors of 840 acres of land in this county, and 11 62 acres in Page County, Iowa. They are engaged in feeding stock, and in 1874, added to their business that of the breeding of Short-Horn cattle, in which they have continued until this time. At present they have 450 head of that breed of cattle, which they value at ^o ^per head. Mr. Niles is a Republican in politics. Our subject is a stockholder in the First and Second National Banks at Galesburg. As will be seen from the foregoing, David P. Niles, the brother of our subject, has been in partnership with him since they first came West. They are certainly brothers, whose interests are identified, for all their land, stock, to- gether with their homes and their entire business, they own together. David P. lives on section 19, Sparta Township. The success of these two gentle- men, as we have stated, is not through being the re- cipiency of any legacy, but is attributable to their own^ good judgment, energetic action and active co-opera- tion. George F. Niles was united in marriage with Miss Ella J. Wood in 1 866. She is the daughter of William S. and Phylena (Smith) Wood, natives of the Green Mountain State, and who came to this State and county in i860, and made settlement in Wataga. Her father was there engaged in the mercantile business for a time. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Niles of this notice: Charles W., born May 15, 1867, and died Jan. 16, 1883; and Marian E., April 8, 1873. Their son Charles was a kind, obedient and careful boy, and always took a great delight in looking after his father's interest. David P. Niles also joined the army of benedicts^ in 1870, at which time Miss Helen C. Johnson be- came his wife. He is likewise a Republican in poli- tics, and a prominent and respected citizen of Knox County. It esse Wagner. The different residents of Knox County are distinguished for various acts of usefulness and honor reflected back in the form of substantial successes and ad- ^vancement. One of the most important factors in her internal machinery is the subject of this personal sketeh, who has always followed the voca- tion of a farmer, but at the present time is passing the sunset of life retired from the active labor of farming, in the thriving little village of Maquon. He has always shown himself able and willing to for- ward all good and worthy enterprises calculated to aid in the upbuilding of this section of country. Mr. Wagner came to Knox County in the spring of 1849, from Fulton County, 111., purchasing a farm in Maquon Township, upon which he resided until May, 1867, when the village of Maquon became his ■*< home, and where he has since lived a retired life, in the meantime having disposed of his farm. Mr. Wagner was born in Bradford County, Pa., Feb. 3, r8o2. Upon the removal of his parents to Columbia County, Pa., our subject was quite young in years, but remaining in that county he engaged in the man- ufacture of woolen goods for about 16 years. In the spring of 1840 he left the Keystone State and came to Canton, 111., where he remained two years, until his removal to the north part of Fulton County, whence he moved to Knox County in 1849. Jesse Wagner took to wife Nancy Whittaker, Sept. 28, 1839, the nuptials being celebrated in Columbia County, Pa. The date of the birth of Miss Whit- taker was July 8, 1803, she being born in Columbia County. Our subject and wife have been blessed by the birth of eight children, who were named as fol- lows : William, Jacob, Mary, Frances, George, John H., Harriet and Catherine. Our subject and wife are devout and working mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having been members of that denomination for many years. The parents of Mr. Wagner were by name Jacob and Elizabeth (Minier) Wagner, of German ancestry. William and Francis (Hazelton) Whittaker are the RESIDENCE OF rvl.S.LEr."0N,5EC.23, 3ALE5BURS TOWNSHIP. V.':UMER8?^VSF^LUN0^, ■4: hJ^ KNOX COUNTY. 3«5 names of the parents of Mrs. Wagner. They were residents of Cohimbia County, Pa., where they both passed away. illiam B. Main. Among the many genial iSi citizens of Abingdon, no one is more pop- ular or has a larger number of friends than Mr. Main, the Ex-Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Conductor, and Agent for C. Aultman & Co. and the Fairbanks Scale Co. He was born in Otsego County, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1835. His parents were Thomas P. and Laura (.\llen) Main. His father was born in Otsego County, N. Y., of which State he remained a resident till coming to Illinois. He was descended from the Scotch, his first ancestors settling in America being Peter Main, a Scotchman, who settled in Connecticut in 1680, and the mother, born in the same county and State, and of English descent. Mr. Main, the subject of this biography, removed to Chenango County when four years of age, with his father, and came to Knox County in..i857, locating at Altona, where he remained till 1862, when he went to Galesburg, and in 1879 to Abingdon, where he was a farmer. Like all patriotic citizens, when a call for men at the breaking out of the Rebellion was made, Mr. Main enlisted in the three months' serv- ice, and was mustered in for three years May 26, 1861, into Co. 1, 17th 111. Vol. Inf During the war he participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Frederickton, Mo., and in the capture of Fort Henry. He was taken sick and honorably discharged on account of physical disability May 9, 1862, after having experienced many of the hardships and dan- gers of the service during his brief time in the army. Oct. 14, 1862, after having recovered his health, he entered the service of the C, B. & Q. Railroad Com- pany, as brakeman, serving as such till June, 1864, when he became freight conducter, in which capacity he remained until.August, 1869, when, being promoted to the position of passenger conductor, he served in that capacity until August 22, 1879, when he re- signed. He was married Jan. 17, 1865, in Guilford, Chenango County, N. Y., by the Rev. Lyman Sperry, to Miss Harriet M. Bill, daughter of Warren and Betsey Bill, who was born in the same county. They are the parents of two children — Carrie E., born June 20, 1870, and George W., born August 19, 1875. On coming to Abingdon Mr. Main engaged in the hardware business, in which he remained for three years, also in agricultural pursuits, and has car- ried on the latter ever since. He was Mayor of Ab- ingdon in 1882. Mrs. Main is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was High Priest of Galesburg Masonic Chapter, No. 79, and Master of Abingdon Lodge in 1884, and has been a Mason for 20 years. Of Mr. Main's possessions is a farm on section £o, Cedar Township, containing 80 acres, which is leased. He owns also the brick block now occu- pied by Main & Burnaugh, also two dwelling houses. He has a large interest in Parsons, Kan., in a fine brick block and other property. Mr. Main is a broad- gauged, genial, generous man, and a fair type of the popular and e.xperienced conductor. As might well be anticipated of one occupying so promi- nent a position in the community, he is held in high esteem, and has hosts of warm friends, to whose welfare he is warmly devoted, as they are to his. He is justly entitled to the reputation which un- doubtedly is his, that of an honorable, enterprising and useful citizen. i obert Cummings. .\mong the leading pro- iilSJ gressive citizens of Knox County, and the Cj^'- more solid and substantial men, may be ^" quoted the name of Robert Cummings, who is a farmer in that section of the country, de- voted enthusiastically to his business, and whose home lies on section 13, Maquon Township. Mr. Cummings came to Knox County in the fall of 1S60, from Westmoreland County, Pa. In Maquon Township he worked out for some months, afterward making a settlement in that township, where he has since resided. His first purchase of 80 acres was on section 13, his present home, and to which he has added by subsequent purchase, until at present his acreage consists of 156 Robert was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., the date being Feb. 26, 1827. While in Pennsyl- vania he worked on the canal for a period of ten years, and with this exception he has always been 3i6 KNOX COUNTY. X engaged in following the vocation of an agriculturist. The gentleman of whom we write was first married to Susan Schrum. She was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Schrum. They were of Dutch origin. By this marriage Mr. Cummings became the father of two children, viz. : Mary A. and Harriet J. The latter died in infancy. Mary A. is now living with her people. The demise of Mrs. Cummings occurred March 8, 185S. He was again married Aug. 10, 1862, to Emily T. Thurman, the ceremony being celebrated in Salem Township. She is the daughter of Mark and Fannie ( Marchant ) Thurman, na- tives of the Buckeye State. Her parents were among the early settlers of Knox County, and their demise occurred in the Township of Maquon. The father died about the year 1846. The demise of the mother occurred in 187 i. Mrs. Cummings was the fourth child in order of birth of a family of ten children, she being born in Maquon Township Oct. 7, 1833. It maybe here stated that Mrs. Cummings was married before she became the wife of our subject. The gen- tleman to whom she was first wedded was Perry Tay- lor, the marriage occurring in Galesburg, Oct. 21, 1852. His demise took place in 1861. Mr. C. is a devoted and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the son of Robert and Mary (Yalton) Cummings, natives of the Keystone State, where they resided until death. ;ames Patterson, a sturdy tiller of the soil, 1^ which vocatio.i he has followed the major portion of his life, resides on section 25, Elba Township. He came to Knox County, 111., in April, 1857, from Peoria County. His first purchase consisted of 160 acres of land, and he has subsequently added to his possessions until he now owns 220 acres. He has improved his farm by the erection of substantial farm buildings, and is the owner of one of the finest fruit farms in the township. Mr. Patterson was born in Rockbridge County, Va., Oct. 10, 1823, and when ten years of age re- moved with his parents and Sarah (MacCorde) Pat- terson, to Preble County, Ohio, at which place he lived until 1849, when he emigrated to Peoria ' — ^y County, locating in Brimfield Township, remaining there until his advent into Knox County, in 1857. Our subject was married in Preble County, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1848, to Elizabeth Marshall. She was the daughter of Edward and Rebecca (Richey) Marshall. Mrs. P. was born in Preble County, Ohio, Aug. 28, 1828, and has borne her husband three children — Alice, Mary and Etta. Alice is the wife of Benja- min F. Pittman, and resides in Elba Township ; Mary resides at home, and Etta is the wife of Edward Whiting, and is also residing in Elba Township. They are tlie parents of two children — Etha C. and James K. Mr. P. served his township as Overseer of Highways, and politically identifies himself with the Republican party. -J3- -ei- H\ W^Mp, amuel Plummer. Knox County is dotted ^HF over with some of as rich and productive ifS'^aC farms as are to be found anywhere within, lK the borders of the great Prairie State. On \ them are located fine improvements, which have been placed there by economy, ani» oseph Oberholtzer, a pioneer of Truro JjC' Township, is the subject of this biograph- ical sketch. He is a resident of Knox County, and may be considered one of the landmarks of this section of country. He is identified with the growth of this portion of our State, and experiences all the pleasure of those who watch the gradual growth and final success of any pet enterprise in which they are personally con- cerned. Mr. Oberholtzer was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, May 13, 1819. His father, Jacob Oberholtzer, was a native of Bucks County, Pa., and his grand- father was a native of Switzerland ; the latter also X Union and then re-enlisted in the 2osth Pa. Vol. Inf. and served nine months longer. He was first in the division under McClellan, then under Hooker and Burnside; then with Hooker and Pope, and finally under Grant, in the battle of the Wilderness, and at Gettysburg under Meade. While in front of Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865, he was struck with a piece of shell and incapacitated for duty for about two years. He enlisted as private, and for meritori- ous conduct and bravery while on the field of battle, was promoted to Orderly Sergeant. Returning from the war, our subject engaged as merchant's clerk, in Hancock, Wasliington Co., Md., for over one year. Abandoning this, he engaged in railroading in Wisconsin and Missouri, from which latter State he came here and made settlement on his farm as stated, and has since followed agricult- ural pursuits. Mr. Pittman was married in Peoria, 111., March 10, 1870, to Alice Patterson, daughter of James and t Elizabeth Patterson, residents of Elba Township ] \ (see sketch of James Patterson). Mrs. Pittman was born in Preble County, Ohio, Aug. 14, 1850, and 1 was about a year old when she came with her par- ^ en.ts to this county. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Pittman — Bessie B. and Norma. Mr. Pittman has held tlie office of School Director for 10 years, and also that of Overseer of Highways. He is a member of Dan. McCook Post, No. 53, G. A. R., of Elmwood. In politics he is a Republican. t- " 3^8 : r rzzz=:r KNOX COUNTY. =Ji settled in Bucks County, and spent the last year of his life there. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native county, and was reared on a farm. Soon after marriage and previous to the War of 1812, he removed to Ohio and settled in Columbiana County, where he was one of the early settlers. There he entered timber land and cleared a farm, on which he lived until 1834, when he removed to Wayne County, in the same State. Purchasing a farm, he settled upon it and there labored until his death, which occurred in 1847, he having attained the age of 80 years. The maiden name of Mrs. Jacob Oberholtzer was Eliza- beth Mellinger, who was born in Lancaster County, Pa., and died in Wayne County, Ohio, several years later, at the age of nearly So years. A family of 14 children grew up about them, of whom our subject was the tenth in order of birth. He was reared on a farm and remained there until he reached the age of r8 years. At that period he started out for himself, and going to Richland County served two years at the blacksmith's trade. He then opened a shop in Wayne County and conducted the business until 1849; selling out in the fall of that year, he staned with his wife and two children to Illinois. The en- tire journey was made overland with two horses and a wagon, and after a tiresome trip of 20 days they reached Knox County. He rented a house on sec- tion 34, of Truro Township, and erected a log build- ing, in which he worked at his trade. During the winter he bought the farm which he still occupies. He has continually added to and improved his property, until he has one of the most attractive homes in the county. Commodious and convenient buildings stand on the farm, suited to every branch of his chosen industr)-, and having added so con- stantly to his original acreage he now owns about 386 acres of farm land, besides a tract of timber land in Truro Township. Since the first winter he has devoted his time to agricultural pursuits, and has been successful in the extreme. Mr. Oberholtzer was united in marriage with Miss Annie Tedrow, April 15, 184T. She was a native of Somerset County, Pa., and was born Dec. 12, 1814, being the daughter of Reuben and Susan (King) Ted- row, both natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Oberholtzer are the parents of five children, as fol- lows: Louisa, wife of J. A. Shaffer, living in Truro Township; O. John lives in Elba Township; Eliza- I beth was married to O. P. Nelson, who has a home in Truro ; Homer W. lives in Elba Township; Mary E. married Benjamin P. Baird, and died June, 1880, leaving one child named Newton Baird. Mr. O. is a member. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, strong and devoted in religious principle and a useful and worthy member of society. In politics he was Democratic until the war, and since that time has been a sound Republican. ~: f^f;''" rancis W. Sears. It would be hard to find -_^ a more skillful farmer and estimable gen- g^Vj - tleman than he whose name heads this P^ sketch. He arrived in Knox County in the «L^ fall of 1840, and settled with his parents in \. Henderson Township, where his father for some time kept a hotel. In 1870 he removed to Iowa, where he now resides. Francis was born in Cortland County, N. Y., on the 2(,th of March, 1834, and was in his sixth year when he came to Knox County. His school education was very limited, but he was a boy of great perseverance and purpose, so that he is far better informed than the time given to his educational pursuits would indicate. About the year 1864 he operated a flouring and saw mill in the vicinity of Henderson, which he ran successfully for many years. He is at present the owner of 168 acres, most of which is arable land. He was first married in Henderson, on the 20th of February, 1859, to Helen McKee, the daughter of Thomas McKee, one of the most honorable and best known gentlemen in this district and for many miles around, and whose biography is given in this work. Mrs. Sears became the mother of five children — Bur- dette v., Maggie B., Hardin F., Nellie and Charlie E. Maggie B. died when she was about six months old, to the inexpressible grief of her parents. Burdette V. was married in Nebraska, on the i6th of Febru- arj', 1884, to Jennie F. Cox, a native of Indiana. By the marriage there were two children — Frank and George (twins.) Mrs. Sears died on the 8th of Jan- uary, 1875. He was again married in Henderson Township on the 24th of August, 1876, to Sarah Martin, daughter of William and Rosilla (Pope) Mar- tin, who were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia. These excellent people came first to Knox County in '-ATZ LnnARy OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLIN^ -_>v.--^;B^«rf$w: ^/;r(Uami /U'i'^O t KNOX COUNTY. 3*1 1856, and settling in Henderson Township, have re- sided there since. The estimable lady, who is now the wife of Mr. Sears, was born in Fayette County, Pa., on the 12th of July, 1840. By the marriage there were three children, but only one now survives, Thomas W. Mr. Francis \V. Sears has held the offices of School Director and Trustee. In politics, is a very active Republican, whose judgment on any measure affect- ing his party's good is generally taken as sound. He is a cool-headed, straglit-forward and at the same time very genial gentleman, who has gathered around him a large circle of stanch friends, who are capable of knowing and appreciating a good friend when they find him. on. William McMurtry, deceased. As an example of worthy and industrious man- hood, we may cite the subject of this bio- graphical narration as one whose " deeds so shine " that the lives of others perforce reflect them. As well as being one of the most re- markable, he was also one of the most prominent men in the earliest days of Henderson Townsliip and vicinity. Mr. McMurtry was born in Mercer County, Ky., Feb. 20, 1801, and for the space of four years held the rank of Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois. He re- moved to Crawford County, Ind., where he lived until 1829, and then came with his family to Knox County, where he settled in Henderson Township. He was keenly awake to public needs, and had an eye to the interests of the people. Thus his name was brought before them as a candidate for the office of Lieutenant-Governor, with Gov. French, in 1848. He was a member of the Legislature during the years 1836-37-38 and 39, and a member of the Senate during the years up to the time he was elected Lieutenant-Governor. He was in this position for four years, and in 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the io2d 111. Vol. Inf., and served until the fol- lowing February, when he resigned on account of ill health, and returned again to Henderson Township. His death, which occurred April 10, 1875, was widely lamented and sincerely mourned. He was married in Crawford County, Ind., to Miss Ruth Champion, a native of Kentucky, and the result of their union was the birth of five children, named as follows: Mary E., James C, Nancy, Fran- cis M. and Cynthia, deceased. Mrs. McMurtry pre- ceded her husband to her long home Feb. 10, 1864. She died in Henderson Township, and being a de- voted wife and mother, and a kind-hearted and affectionate friend and neighbor, she was sorely missed, truly mourned, and will doubtless be long remembered. if-- /gWbraham Rambo, whose jwrtrait is present- ed on the opposite page, is one of the in- j[|^°^™ fluential and wealthy farmers of this sec- tion. He came to Knox County in the fall of 542. from Gallia County, Ohio, with his father, and passed the first winter in Orange Township. They next settled on section 31, Persifer Township, which is the location of his present de- sirable and pleasant home. The subject of our sketch was the first in order of birth in a family of ten children. He was born in Gallia County, Ohio, Nov. 6, 1820, and was 22 years of age when he came to Knox County. His educa- tion was received in the common schools of his birthplace, but was practical, and, by observation and attention to his studies, he has become well-in- formed and intelligent. His father was a blacksmith by trade, but Abraham early showed a predilection for agricultural pursuits, seeing " sermons in stones, books in running brooks, and good in everything." He came to Persifer Township with his father and mother and made his home with them until the death of both parents. The date of his mother's death was February, 1849, and that of his father June 30, 1854. Mr. Rambo was first united in marriage in Persi- fer Township, Jan. 15, 1844, to Arvilla P. Lindsey, and they were the parents of 13 children, viz.: Phebe S., Charles Q., David G., Sophronia, Thomas H., Almira, Robert E., VVilford M., Lorena, Minnie, Allen H., Clarke S., and one who died in infancy. Phebe S., Charles E., Robert and Clarke S. are also deceased. Sophronia is the wife of Allen R. Rode- cap, and resides in Dade, Missouri; Almira is the wife of C. Hudson, and makes her home in Story County, Iowa; Lorena is united in marriage with Fulton McFarland, and their home is in Wasliington County, Iowa; Minnie resides at home; David G. ' X-- • ■ t 322 X^NOX COUNTY. N^ lives in Washington County, Iowa, and Thomas H. lives in Taylor County, that State ; Wilford's home is in Washington Territory, and Allen H. lives in the State of Iowa. Mrs. Rambo died in Persifer Townsliip April 11, 1877. She was a most estima- ble woman, a kindly friend and an excellent member of society. Mr. Rambo was again married, in Altona, 111., to Mrs. Martha (Maxey) Parkins, who was a native of Kentucky, March 9, 1880. She was the widow of L. A. Parkins, who died in Union County, Iowa, July 18, 1878. Her parents were James and Lu- cinda (Madison) Maxey, natives of Hart County, Ky. They came to Knox County in 1838, and set- tled in Persifer Township, where they died. Mr. Rambo is a large land-owner possessing 212 acres in Persifer and Knox Townships. He has al- ways united stock-raising with farming, in which he has been successful. In 1877 he purchased the fine thorough-bred stallion Due li'Or/eans, of the Onarga (111.) Importing Company, at an expense of $1,800. This animal is one of the purest bred Nor- mans in the State, and he imparts his peculiar marks of color to his progeny. He is also the owner of the pure-blood imported stallion, Montaco, which he bought of Harding & Co , Bloomington, 111., paying for him a handsome price. Our subject is an active member of the social cir- cles in which he moves. He has filled many of the offices of his township, has'ing been Constable, As- sessor, Collector, Highway Commissioner, etc. He is identified with the Republican party, but is always ready to vote for the man who will labor for the in- terests of the people, irrespective of party. Mrs. Rambo is a highly respected lady and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A portrait of Mr. Rambo and a view of his elegant residence and fine stock are shown elsewhere in this work. ■- -o^o-^X^ ^ 'Oto. v »— <§'■! nthony Seward, a prominent farmer resid- ing on section 16, Truro Township, is the eldest son of Samuel S. and Sarah (Cald- well) Seward. His father, Samuel Seward, is a native of York State and was bom in Brown County in 1826. Samuel Seward was a son of Orin and Mehitable (Livermore) Seward, pioneers of Knox County, where they settled at an early day. Samuel S. Seward, father of our subject, was but a child when he accompanied his parents to Kno.v County, where he attended the pioneer schools and assisted his father in the duties of the farm. Mrs. Seward was a native of Pennsylvania, and was a daughter of John T. and Mary (Porter) Caldwell. After marriage Mr. S. located upon section 15, Truro Township, upon which he resided for a few years. when he disposed of his farm and rented land for a short period and then bought a tract located on section 16, upon which he is at present residing. He enclosed and improved his land and erected thereon a desirable set of frame buildings. In 1882 he left his son in charge of the farm and removed to Cedar County, Mo., where he purchased a farm and is now residing. The senior Mr. and Mrs. Seward are the parents of si.\ children — .\nthony (our subject), John M., William H., Sarah (\vife of J. Fulkerson, who resides in Cedar County, Mo.), Albert and Marion. Anthony Seward was born in Truro Township, Oct. 12, 184S. In his younger days he attended the district schools and assisted in the farm work. He remained under the parental roof until his marriage, March 27, 1867, at which time Miss Margaret Dan- iels became his wife. Miss Daniels was born in Richland County, Ohio. After marriage our subject located on his father's farm and engaged in the honorable calling of an ag- riculturist ; since 1882 he has managed the farm alone. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. S. — Chloe, Ellen Viola, Lucius and Mary E. In politics, Mr. Seward adheres to the principles of the Greenback party. jTS. llatilda F. Dunlap, a widow lady, re- siding on section 19, Cedar Township, ^^^ devotes her attention to farming. She "^r*^^^ was bom in Fleming County, Ky., March 'r 23, 1817, and is the daughter of Fielding and I Margaret Belt. Her father was born in Vir- ginia, Jan. 12, 1782, while her mother was a native of Pittsburg, Pa., and born Jan. 27, 1791. This lat- ter lady was killed by lightning in October, 1825. Her father died in 1874, in the State of Kentucky. By this marriage there were the following children : Jane, John, Matilda, Margaret, Joseph and William. Matilda and John are the only children now living. John resides near Elizaville, Fleming Co., Ky. The lady whose name introduces this history mar- ried Edmund P. Dunlap, Dec. 22, 1836. He was born in Fleming County, Ky., March 24, 181 1, and brought up on his father's farm. His decease took place March 29, 1865, while residing in Kno.x County. He was a victim of typhoid fever, his illness lasting i -f-f- 324 KNOX COUNTY. six months before he finally succumbed. He lies buried in the Humiston cemetery. Mr. Dunlap came to this county in the spring of 1837. He was considered one of the most industrious and praise- worthy men of his community, and at the date of his demise had accumulated a very fair competency. His father was born in South Carolina, and his mother in New Jersey. By the happy marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap, ten children were born to the parents — Mary J., Jan. 10, 1838; Margaret B., Oct. i3i '839; George W., Feb. 22, 1842; Theodore, Aug. I, 1844; Henry P., Jan. 25, 1847; William B., Aug. 27, 1849; Martha F., Dec. 9, 185 1 ; Alice and Ellen, born Oct. i, 1854, were twins; Cornelia A., December, 1857. Of these children four are mar- ried. Margaret is the wife of Mr. Byram, and four children are the result of the marriage. William Dunlap married Miss Ida Latimer ; they are the parents of three children, and reside in Chestnut Township. George W. married Miss Leanna Hague, and they had one child. Ann married Mr. William A. Latimer, and lives in Abingdon, where her hus- band is cashier of the First National Bank; by this marriage there has also been one child. Mrs. Dunlap is now farming 280 acres of good land, beside raising Short-horn cattle and thorough- breds. By political persuasion Mr. Dunlap was a Democrat of the stanchest order; liis religious con- viction was with the Congregational Church. Here he won for himself the reputation of a sound politi- cian and a good church member. ; illiam Williamson. A large number of the honest, industrious and respectable SHT"" people of Knox County were born in S' Sweden, the country of which our subject is a native. They came here without means, and under the most adverse circumstances began the fight for a competency. The struggle was a hard and difficult one, but they went to work with a heroism and determination, and to-day many of the most prominent and well-to-do citizens of the county are among their number. Mr. Williamson's excellent farm is located on section 2 1 of Sparta Township. He was born Oct. 10, 1833, and came to America with his parents in 1850. He remained with them, however, only for a short period after their arrival. His younger days were passed upon a farm, and he had very hmited educational advan- tages. Mr. Williamson came to Sparta Township im- mediately after his arrival in this country, and en- gaged in coal-digging and farming. In 1853 he made his first purchase of land — a 60-acre tract and part of the same place where he now lives. He rented land, however, for the following two years, when he erected a house, 16 x 24 feet, and what they call a " Kansas stable," and moved to his own place. Since then lie has made several purchases of land, until his present possessions here number 446 acres. He also has 160 acres in Iowa, a half interest in a brick block in Moline, 111., and a half interest in a dry goods, grocery, flour and feed store, located in this block, and, in company with his son, he has a dry goods, millinery, fancy goods and carpet store in Galesburg, 111. He is also a stockholder in the Galesburg National Bank and also in the Moline National Bank. The extraordinary success which has crowned Mr. Williamson's efforts is undoubtedly attributable to his energy, economy, good, practical judgment and straightforward dealing. The greater part of his wealth has been, perhaps, gained from the farm. Eie has proven himself a practical farmer of rare ability. In 1878 his enterprise was displayed by his purchase of Short-horn cattle for his farm use. In 1882 he erected a fine residence, costing $3,000, and a barn at a cost of $2,500, besides two smaller build- ings. He has planted an orchard, set out trees to beautify and adorn his home place, and to-day has one of the most delightful residences in the county. He has upon his farm two coal mines, and besides the property enumerated above he owns a half inter- est in the flouring mill at Wataga, and the store building now occupied by Mr. Torley of that village. Mr. Williamson was married Sept. 28, 1855, to Miss Catherine Oleson, also a native of Sweden. She was born April 7, 1836, and came to America in 1849. This union has been blessed by the birth of the following children : Mary J., Joseph H., Margaret A., Lars O., Amanda C, Martha A., Ed- win P., George L., Fredrick and Alvin A. Mary married Albert Donolson and became the mother of three children— Arthur L., Elmer W. and Andrew G. Mrs. Donolson died Feb. 5, 1885, at Clay Cen- J *ijr -yi I LIBRARY OF THE liUVERSlTY OF ILUWOU -^ -H- KNOX COUNTY. 3»7 ter. Clay Co., Kan. Her remains were brought horae for interment. Martha died Jan. 5, 1882 ; Margaret A. became the wife of A. F. Nelson, Sept. 3, 1885. and they live at Mediapolis, Iowa; Lars O. married Mar)- C. Swenson, Sept. 17, 1885; he is a merchant at Galesburg; Joseph was bom April 16, 1858, and resides with his parents, assisting his father in buying, selling and feeding stock In political affiliation, Mr. SVilliamson is a Repub- lican. He has held the office of Road Commissioner for nine years, and since 1873 has served as School Trustee. Himself and family belong to the Swedish Lutheran Church. He is regarded as one of the sub- stantial and solid men of Knox County, and deserves the highest commendation for the remarkable suc- cess he has made of life thus far. .ohn Hoxworth. Among the well-to-do [if and prosperous farmers of Knox County, residing on section 25, Maquon Township, is the subject of this biographical notice. Mr. Hoxworth came to Knox County in the fall of 1S49, from Vermilion County, 111., with his wife and three children, and located where he has i since resided. He first bought 531^ acres on sec- tion 24, to which he has added by subsequent pur- chases until he now owns 230 acres. He was born in Bucks County, Pa., June 5, 1819, where he lived until about 18 years of age, assisting his father in the cultivation of the farm, when they went from there to Franklin County, Ohio, and he resided there until 1847, the date of his coming to this State. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits all his life, and has met with far more than ordinary success in the prosecution of this, the most independent of all callings. John Hoxworth was married in Franklin County, Ohio, Jan. 30, 1842, to Rachel Peters, daughter of Peter and Susan (Beaty) Peters, natives of Virginia. Her father died in Franklin County, Ohio, and her mother afterward removed to this county, and died in Maquon Township. Her parents' family con- sisted of three sons and one daughter. Mrs. H. was born in Franklin County, Ohio, Dec. 23, 1825, and has borne her husband nine children, whom they have named Sarah, Joseph, Lewis, Mary C, Emily, Alice, Milton, Stephen and Charlotte M. Sarah and Milton are deceased; Joseph married Lydia A. , Kirkuff, and resides in Maquon Township, where he is engaged in farming, and of their union five chil- 1 dren have been born — Nettie, Flora, George, Carl and Bartlett. Lewis Hoxworth has been twice mar- ried, first to Dora Leverton, who became the mother of three cliildren — Florence, Emmett and Nellie. His second marriage was with Mary Barton, and they had one child — Harry. Mary C. Hoxworth be- came the wife of John D. French, with whom she is residing in Nebraska, and their family circle has been blessed by the birth of four children — Milton, Charlie, Clinton and Raymond G. Emily Hoxworth married John Leverton, and resides in this county; their children are William, Velma, Maude, Edwin, Charlie, Bruce, Stephen and Sylvia. Alice Ho.xworth became the wife of Henry Street ; they are living in Nebraska and have become the parents of six children — Bertie, .Arthur, Grace, Gertie, Carl and Georgie. Stephen j Hoxworth married Emma Wilson; they have one-, child, Lottie I. E., and reside in Nebraska. Char-' lone Hoxworth married Thomas Downin, a resident! of MaquoA Township, and they have seven children^ — Myrtle M., Guy, Claude, Mabel, Maude, Jay and! Alice. I Mr. John Hoxworth has held the position of RoadJ ^ Commissioner and other minor offices within the gift • of the people of his township. In politics, he is a Democrat and a worthy representative of the agri- cultural class. f .-^ .' mma Boydston. One of the women em- . C. t.it for nobility of purpose and shrewd j?*i.;rv^-* common sense may be found in the sub- ^& ject of this personal narrative, a few of the Y points in whose career are briefly enumerated \ herein. Her farm is located on section 8, In- dian Point Townsliip, and she is well known for her energetic activity and whole-souled purpose. Mrs. Boydston was born in Knox County, July 28, 1841, and is the daughter of John and Tabitha (Boydston) Dawdy. He came here in i83r, and was one of the first settlers in Knox County. Mrs. Dawdy was born in Barren Co., Ky., July 8, 1809. Nine children were bom 10 Mr. and Mrs. Dawdy. She was united in marriage with A. T. Boydston, also a native of 4^ ^€-?-^ ^^-X^ 328 KNOX COUNTY. -^ Knox County, born Aug. 31, 1838. He died March 26, 1883, of cancer, after an illness of seven years. He was a great sufferer, but to the last maintained a noble patience and a Christian resignation. He was conscious of all his pain until near the last, when he passed away gently as one falls asleep. Happily for those who were left behind, assurance was given that he died in the full faith and hope of immortality, and that to him had been spoken the words, "Come up higher," which is a lasting monument to his memory for the sorrowing wife and four children who survive him. He was a member of, and took deep interest in, the success of the Christian Church at Meridian, Warren County, and the Sunday-school was a pet interest of his. He belonged to the A. F. & A. M., and to a Masons' Lodge located at Abing- don, and took a keen interest in public affairs, taking great pleasure in reading the journals of the day. Mrs. Boydston united in marriage with A. T. Boydston at the time and place previously men- tioned, and the ceremony was performed by J. W. Butler, of the Christian Church. Their family con- sists of four children, as follows : Anna B., born July S, 1864; John B., March 15, 1866; Thomas J., born Nov. 16, 1868, and Mary J., June 17, 1875. Mrs. Boydston has in her possession 100 acres of ^ finely improved and cultivated land. Anna Belle, her daughter, united in marriage with — Col. M. Young, and they are living at the present time in this county. Mr. Boydston took an interest in politics, and was Democratic in sentiment. —■'■*> •»»o-@\Kr^"i>*o v*— William Henry Heller. Among the ||' more important and influential business men of Abingdon, and noted as being one of the pioneer physicians, is Dr. Heller, a brief sketch of whose life is herein given. He can-'e to this State in 1835, while the country was still new, and has watched the West develop and " blossom as the rose." The subject of this personal narration made his debut upon the stage of life in Richland Co., Ohio, now Ashland, May 11, 1823, and is the son of John and Belinda (Van Auken) Heller. His father was born in Pennsylvania and was purely of German an- cestry and blood, and his mother in New Jersey and descended from the Holland Dutch. In the year iX 1835 they came to Fulton County, when William Henr)' was only 13 years old. He entered the com- mon schools, applying himself assiduously to his studies, in which he showed an unusually deep in- terest. At the age of 17 he began the study of med- icine at Cuba, Fulton Co., 111., under Dr. William N. Cline, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Phil- adelphia. Not long after this, our young student began the practice of medicine at Cuba, not having as yet completed his medical course. Subsequently, however, he took a regular course at Rush Medical College, Chicago, from which he graduated with a bright record in'the class of 1855. At Cuba, Fulton County, on the 9th of April, 1846, Dr. Heller entered into connubial relations with Mary J., daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Acker- son) Mosher. Mrs. Heller was born in Washington County, Ohio, April 9, 1827. Her people were among the pioneers of Fulton County, having come to that county when the broad, unbroken prairies were cov- ered with a luxuriant growth of waving grass and were sparsely populated, but few having come into the wilderness up to the year 1832. Dr. Heller and wife came to Abingdon on the *• 6th of June, 1846, at which time he entered upon the practice of his profession, in which he has con- tinued with unremitting and arduous toil, laboring for the healthfulness and physical welfare of the people about him. He is the second oldest of the early physicians of Knox County, and the oldest in point of years, except Dr. Duncan, of Knoxville. A tribute to his personal worth and his unostenta- tious ability, no less than his practical knowledge as a physician, has been rendered him in the hearty support and patronage of the people of Abingdon. At the breaking out of the Rebellion our subject was a Douglas Democrat, and at once took a pos- itive stand in favor of the Unionists ; made speeches and helped to imbue men with the hearty spirit of true patriotism, thinking not only " principles, not men," but " principles and men." At that time Dr. M. Reece, one of the most popular and intelligent physicians and surgeons of Knox County, was study- ing medicine with Dr. Heller. The two friends de- cided between themselves that one or the other of them should enter the service, and Dr. Reece, being the younger, eventually entered the army as Surgeon of an Illinois infantry regiment, where he did great good on behalf of his country. *t .Jijf I ^ KNOX COUNTY. 329 Dr. Heller has a line fami in Cedar Township, consisting of 246 acres, and is engaged in the breed- ing of Short-horn cattle quite extensively, owning a herd of about 75 pure-blooded animals. At a sale recently he disposed of a number of these, retaining part and a small herd of horses. His family circle has been enlarged by the addi- tion of five sons, named as follows : Robley E., who niatried Mary Patch, and resides at Topeka, Kan., and is an attorney by profession ; Joseph married Samantha Thurman, and whose home is in Osage, Kan.; William Henry died in childhood, and John L. married Amelia McMillen, is in Washington, D. C, and holds a position in the Pension Office; Frank L., single, lives in Meade County, Kan. As previously stated. Dr. Heller is a man of wide usefulness, activity and enterprise, and has taken an exceedingly commendable part in favor of Prohibi- tion. His heart and mind are enlisted in that cause, and he labors with an earnestness which is worthy of good results. He is a man of firm convictions, large sympathies, and his hostility to intemperance is I as decided as is his Christian philanthropy and cour- ' teous kindness. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church, and he is known locally as an experienced surgeon and a successful practitioner. ^^J>^ ohn West, deceased, was formerly a resi- '^'^J',- dent of Elba Township, occupying a home jaS'^' on section 35, where, up to the date of his "wi death, he was an energetic tiller of the soil. ^^ Mr. West was one of the early settlers here, I having come to this county more than 50 years ago, from Clinton County, Ohio, and making settle- ment in Elba Township, where he at first purchased 40 acres of wild, uncultivated prairie land, on the sec- tion above named. On his arrival in this county, Mr. West located on his small purchase of land, and by push, pluck and perseverance, he not only improved his place, and erected a fine residence thereon, together with good and substantial out-buildings, but added to his orig- inal purchase 700 acres, and at the date of his de- mise owned in this county 740 seres of good land. John West was born in Virginia, May 3, 1809, and was but one year old when his parents moved from that State to Ohio, and settled on the east fork of the Little Miami River. The parents of our subject were Owen arrd Betsy West, who died after their re- moval to Ohio. Our subject received his education in the common schools of Ohio, and there, in Clinton County, con- tinued to reside, occupied in the vocation of a farmer, until coming to this county. He was married in Clin- ton County, Ohio, Feb. 26, 1831, to Elizabeth George. Miss George was liorn in Highland County, Ohio, June 26, 181 1. Her parents were William and Tab- itha George. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. West 1 1 children have been born, named Joel, William, Isaac, Han- nah, Rhoda, Mary J., Catherine, Seth, Henry, Rachel and Samantha. In religion, Mr. West belongs to the sect who, under the leadership of William Penn, first made settlement in Pennsylvania, and who are known as Quakers. Mr. West is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject de- parted this life in Elba Township, March 31, f884. His wife carries on the farm and is the owner in her own name of 240 acres of good and productive land. ^3= TT- €>- rancis M. Hampton. Few counties of Illinois contain a greater proportion of substantial citizens and 20od men residerit within her borders than Knox, and among those who are of honorable repute as indus- trious workers and for perseverance in well- doing may be named the subject of this sketch. He is a farmer, whose homestead is located on section 8, Indian Point Township, and in point of success is unrivaled. Mr. Hampton was born in Warren County, Ohio, in 1839, on the 24th of December. He is the son of Lawson and Ann M. (Mann) Hampton, natives of Virginia. The father was born May 10, 1814, and died in February, 1868. The mother was born in 1 810, and is still living in Bloomington, 111. She married Mr. John Rodgers, who was in the grocery business in the city of Bloomington. To them were Ijorn ten children, as follows : Francis M., Dec. 25, 1839; Sarah A.; Delia A.; Richard, who died at the age of two years ; Jacob W.; Kate; Eliza Ann; Jo- r^>L: u -^ 330 XJVOX COUNTY. V seph C; Samuel L.; Milton, who died at the age of one year, and Ezra F. Mr. Hampton of this skeich married Miss Sarah E. Dawdy, Dec. 3, i86i. She was born in 1844, on the 27th of February, and is the daughter of Jeffer- son M. Dawdy, an early setttler of Indian Point Township, and is one of a family of 12 children — Cassandria, Mary J., James, John W., Samuel M., Sarah E., Harriet, Nancy L., Emily A., Addle F. and Althea. The children of Mr. Hampton are eight in num- ber — Eliza A., born March 25, 1863 ; Lewis J., Sept. 3, i866; Emma L., Aug. 4, 1868; Jennie B, June 10, 187 I ; Hattie E., Feb. 21, 1873 ; Jacob W., May 25, 1876; Albert L., May 7, 1878, and Georgie, June 30, 1880, who died May 18, 1881. Mr. Hampton has been successful as a farmer, working up to a high point of cultivation his i6o acres of land, and claims to have been one of the first, if not the very first man, who entered into breeding and selling stock as a business. He is a public man of some little ability, and a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 184, of Abingdon. His wife belongs to the Christian Church of that city, and is a mild and amiable Christian lady. Mr. Hampton takes some interest in politics and outside workings, and is a Jackson Democrat. Eliza A., one of his daughters, united in marriage with J. G. Davis a short time since, and is living in Cedar Township, this county. Mr. Hampton claims to be an early settler, although not a pioneer, as he came to this State in 1854 with his parents, and located near Abingdon. orenzo Eowe. The history of Knox County contains the records of many men whose struggles for prosperity have been richly re- warded, and who, after years of usefulness, find themselves in possession of an abiding place in which to pass their declining years. Prominent among these may be named the subject of this biog- raphy, a former resident of section 18, Sparta Town- ship, who came to Illinois in 1838, and has a direct claim to the title of pioneer. He has watched the growth of what was almost a wilderness into abustling, populous section of country, and has passed many milestones on the highway of progress therein. Mr. Rowe was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., April I, 1823, in the town of Scipio. His parents were Anson and Nancy (Winegar) Rowe. Mrs. Rowe died in the State of New York, in 1836, and in 1838, ac- companied by his family, Mr. Rowe came to Illinois, where he settled in Henderson, and engaged in blacksmithing. He continued at this business until his death, which took place in June, 1872, in Wa- taga. Our subject remained at home until he reached the age of 20 years, when he began working out by the month. This he followed for two years. Only ordi- nary advantages had been granted him in an educa- tional way, but he was fairly well informed. In 1845, he was united in marriage with MiSS Narcissa Goff, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of James and Martha (Ferguson) Goff. He came to Illinois in 1830, settling in Henderson Township, where he pur- chased the place on which he lived until 1846, the year of his decease. The mother survived him 30 years, dying in 1876. The Rowe family consists of ten children, as fol- y lows: Mary O., Laura L., Thomas L., James L., Ann M., Sarah G., Alonzo H., Anie M., Hattie E. and one died in infancy, named Frank G. He pur- chased, in 1848, the place where he now lives, which includes 57 acres, to which he has added 36 acres, and carries on general farming. The principal events in the lives of the children are briefly detailed in the ensuing paragraphs : Laura L. married Frank Pop- lett, and is the mother of two children, by name Ella and Elmer; Thomas L. is the husband of Maggie McCurdy, and the father of three children — Roy, Anie and Clyde; James L. was united in marriage with Mattie Reynolds, and they are the parents of two children — Jennie and Charles; Alonzo H. wed- ded Fannie Riley. Mr. Rowe is a most useful member of society, and with his wife is a member of the Christian Church. He holds the office of School Director and is Over- seer of the Highways; politically, he is a Democrat. When Mr. R'owe first came to Illinois, and took up his farm in Knox County, it was. all prairie land, and from the dreary tract of country on which he staked his boundaries so long ago he has evolved his pres- ent home, building, fencing and planting trees, and 4-f k LinnARY OF THE IMIVERSITY OF ILUN' ■64-^ ± T h KNOX COUNTY. Ill mg. submitting to the inconveniences of that early day. often being obliged to go as far as Chicago for vari- ous articles necessary to the farm and household. eorge Washington Parker, deceased, an early settler in Truro Township, was born in Hampshire County, Va., March 30, 18 1 Q. He was a son of David Parker, but a lad of seven years when his father died, and at that tender age obliged to earn his own liv- He lived for a time in Pennsylvania, and in 1840 removed to Ohio and located in Marion County, where he found employment at farming. At that place he met and married Miss Sallie Morrel, Jan. 4, 1849. Miss Morrel was of German lineage and born in Marion County, Ohio, the date thereof being July 3, 1824. She was the daughter of Samuel and Rosanna (Staley) Morrel, pioneers of Marion County, the former a native of Virginia. After his marriage Mr. Parker rented a farm in Marion County, which he retained for one year, and in 1850 started with a pair of horses and a wagon for the Prairie State, accompanied by his wife and one child. He had previously visited Knox County, m 1847, at which time he made a purchase of 120 acres of land on section 9, Truro Township. Af;er this purchase Mr. P. returned to Ohio, making the round trip on horseback. A log cabin and six acres of broken and fenced land constituted the only im- provements upon the farm. Our subject arrived in this county after a tedious journey of 28 days, and at once entered actively and energetically upon the task of improving Iiis farm. He was still hard at work, in 1862, when the notes, of war sounded throughout the land, and on the 20th of August of that year he enlisted in Co. H, lozd 111. Vol. Inf., and went South. He was honorably discharged at Gallatin, Tenn., Feb. 24, 1863, on account of physi- cal disability. He never fully recovered his health, but undertook the management of his farm, which he continued with success. In 1875 he erected upon his place a commodious frame house, also a suitable set of stables and shelter for stock. He added to his landed estate until at the time of his death, April 23, 1879, he was the owner of over 800 acres. His widow still survives him and resides upon the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Parker were blessed by a family of 12 children, seven of whom grew to attain the age of man and womanhood. Samuel Parker is engaged in the mercantile business; Eugene, second son; John lives in Johnson County, Neb.; Arthur resides in Holt County, Neb. ; George manages the old homestead ; Lizzie became the wife of Charles Wil- der, and is residing in Truro; and Emma lives at home with her mother. Mr. Parker was a Democrat in political belief, and a prominent member of the Yates City Lodge, No. 448, A. F. & A. M. Both Mr. and Mrs. Parker were members of the Method- ist Episcopal Church before coming West. In connection with this sketch, we feel assured, the portrait of this old and esteemed citizen will be looked upon with pleasure and satisfaction by the community in which his worthy life secured for him universal respect and esteem. */|ffljiilliam Bond, a successful and well-to-do nmJ&Ii agriculturist of Elba Township, residing iKsS;??"-'^^ on his fine farm on section 21;, has been JiK2x> closely identified with the agricultural devel- m^ ivlT^ opment and growih of this county since \^ coming here in the spring of 1854. Mr. Bond came here from Peoria County in 1854, and made settlement in Elba Township, on 160 acres on sec- tion 25, which he purch.ised at that time. He has there lived until this writing and been industriously engaged in the prosecution of his vocation. Since his first settlement on his land, 32 years ago, he has greatly enhanced its value and improved its appear- ance by thorough cultivation and the erection of good buildings, and at this writing has a valuable estate. William Bond was born in Preble County, Ohio, Feb. 18, 1819, and there lived until 1852. His fiither, Kxumus Bond, married Juda Bennett, He was a native of South Carolina, and moved to Ohio while young, and tliere married. He subseiiuently moved to Randolph County, 111., and there died. The mother died in Preble County, Ohio, while the subject of this sketch was iiuile young. During the year 1852 Mr. Bond moved to Peoria It* ^lAj ^ 334 ■ Y. KNOX COUN2 Y. County, accompanied by his wife and one child, made settlement in Brimfield Township, and there lived and engaged in agricultural pursuits until com- ing here and making settlement, as stated. He was married in the county of his nativity, Dec. 21, 1845, to Eliza J. Patterson. She was born Jan. 22, 1826, in Tennessee, and is the daughter of John and Sarah (McCord) Patterson, natives of Virginia. This household has been gladdened by the birth of six children, whom they have named Sarah A., Frances, Ella C, Alice E., Augusta and Edward C. Sarah A. died in infancy ; Frances is the wife of William Pittman, a resident of Iowa, and they have seven children — Louis E., Maude, Alice, William, George E., Rosa and Lina A. ; Ella C. (Bond) Barrett is the widow of William Barrett, by whom she had three children, who are living, and named Abbie, Inez and Mary ; Alice E. Bond is the wife of Marion Ellison, a resident of Salem Township, and to them two children, Sarah E. and Albert H., have been born; Augusta and Edward Bond reside on the old homestead. Mr. Bond has held some of the minor offices of ^ his township, and in poliiics, although independent in his political views, he claims to be an adherent of the principles advocated by the Republican party. ^ His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch. rs. Jane Stephenson. The lady of whom ^ii'-^-'^^- this biography is written is the relict of fjl'v^^ '^ George Stephenson, deceased, who was 71^^ \ born in Scotland, Oct. 3t, 1799. His par- ents were Alexander and Elizabeth (Gordon) Stephenson. They were the parents of only two children — Margaret and George. The latter came to America in 1850, and settled in Knox County, on section 8, of Copley Township. There he purchased 80 acres of land and remained some months, until his death, Jan. 3, 1884. He was mar- ried to Miss Annabel McMillan, a native of Scotland, and one of a family of nine children, of whom still survive William, Susanna, George (see sketch), Jessie and Jane. Mrs. Stephenson departed this life in 1862. The second wife of Mr. S. was Miss Jane Allen, a native of Scotland, and a daughter of John and Mary (Love) Allen. They had a family of six ?t^^. children, of whom Mrs. Stephenson is the fourth child in order of birth. She was married Dec. 23, 1863, to George Stephenson, and of this union two sons were born — John and Andrew. Mrs. Stephen- son, in 1862, with her mother, came to America. Her father had died in i83i,in his native land, and the mother lived with her children until her death, in 1869, her decease taking place in McDonough County. Mrs. Stephenson still remains on the farm with her two sons. Andrew, the youngest, attends school in the winter. He is industrious and works out summers, and both boys are a great help and com- fort to their lonely mother. John, the eldest born, is 22 years of age and manages the farm, which he improves and cultivates in a manner worthy of an older person. He is engaged in the raising of stock and grain. In politics he is a Republican ; he is an alert thinker and a wide-awake young man. H. Goldsmith. On the completion of the old Military Railroad, which ran from Galesburg northeast toward Chicago, a great deal of the most valuable and fertile farming land in the State was opened up. Those who could appreciate the value of these fertile prairies came in rapidly, locating here and there upon a quarter-section, and by the year i860, most of the land had been occupied by actual set- tlers. Among those who came in immediately after the completion of the railroad was Mr. E. H. Gold- smith, to day one of the thrifty agriculturists of the county. His parents, Schuyler and Catherine E. (Howell) Goldsmith, came to Illinois in 1855, and settled in Sparta Township, on section 5. Here the elder Goldsmith secured a quarter-section of land, and improved and lived upon it until his death, which occurred Feb. 18, i86r. His wife had died on Sept. 25, 1850. The parents of our subject were natives of the Empire State, having been born in Orange County, where they were engaged in the peaceful occupation of farming. They had a family of seven children, of whom our subject was the second in order of birth. He remained in the parental home, assisting his father in his agricultural labors, until he was 22 years i^ 4* KNOX COUNTY. 335 of age. During these years he also attended the dis- trict school and received an academical course, fit- ting himself for a teacher. In 1859, in Schuyler County, X. Y.,he began his labors as a schoolmaster, since which time he has spent most of his winters, until 1876, in the schoolroom, and in the summers followed farming. In i860 he secured 80 acres of land on section 4 of Sparta Township. By diligence and careful management he has since been enabled to add 117 acres to his original purchase. He has also for some time been rather extensively engaged in the stock business. When he first secured his land, it was nothing but wild prairie, without any im-^ provenients. He has since, besides erecting good farm buildings, beautified and enhanced the value of the place by setting out trees and bringing the land to a high state of cultivation, until he now has one of the most delightful as well as valuable homes in Sparta Township. Mr. Goldsmith was married on March 8, 1859, to Miss Ann M., daughter of William and Margaret Whiteford, natives of New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Goldsmith have two children — Julia E. and Edward W. The latter is a student at Knox College, Gales- burg. Politically, Mr. Goldsmith is a Republican, and in their religious connection the family are mem- bers of the Congregational Church. braham W. Meeks. Conspicuous among the citizens of Knox County, as noteworthy for good citizenship as well as practical and stanch manhood, may be found the sub- ject of this personal history, the main points in whose career are briefly summarized in the following paragraphs. Mr. Meeks was born in Monongahela County, Va., March 18, 1819. His father, Thomas Meeks, was a native of Scotland and came to America when quite young, locating in Virginia. Here he grew up and when a young man was united in marriage with Elizabeth George. To them were born 18 children, 17 of whom grew to attain the age of man and womanhood. Our subject was but seven years of age when his father died, but the mother kept her family together and reared her children, inculcating all the inspiration and good principles with which to lay the foundation for strong and true lives, teach- ing them always that " an honest man is the noblest work of God." Ultimately they showed forth these noble principles, and to them the home circle was too sacred to be invaded by any but those who re- spected goodness and morality. One by one, as they attained their majority, they left their home shelter and went out into the great, struggling world. In 1833, with five of lier children, the mother moved to Ohio and located where Abraham grew to man- hood. This was in Champaign County, where he was reared on a farm, and in 1839 he united his fort- unes and destiny with those of Rachel C. A. Rob- ertson, a native of Preble County, Ohio. In that State he rented land, which he occupied until 1844, when he emigrated to Illinois, coming by wagon road. Their conveyance consisted of three horses and a covered wagon, and in November of that year they reached the ixjmt for which they started; the little family included himself, wife and one child. He had, besides his stock, only §33 in money, which constituted his total wealth. He hired a vacant house three miles east of Knoxville, and into this humble cabin — as it would properly be called, being built of logs, chinked with chips and daubed with mud, besides being surmounted with a ditt-and-stick chimney and having a shake roof and puncheon floor — the family moved. Here the young couple lived cozily, despite their uncouth surroundings, and in the ensuing fall they removed t6 a farm a mile and a half east of Knoxville, and there lived until 1847. During the interval he was engaged in farm- ing. In 1847 he bought a tract of wild land of 80 acres, in Knox Township, on section 10, where he still resides, and on this he erected a hewed log cabin. He then commenced and improved the land, in which he was successful, it proving fruitful and productive. Here he has lived continuously since that time and his efforts have been brilliantly crowned with success. He is the possessor, at the present time, of 350 acres of land and 20 of timber. The remainder is improved and pasture land. On the 27th of November, 1857, he lost his wife by death, and on the 5th of September i860, remar- ried. His second wife's maiden name was Sarah Brooner, and their wedding took place Sept. 5, 1845. She was born Oct. 15, 1822, and died Oct. 8, 185 i. His third matrimonial alliance was contracted March 4, 1852, with Martha Ellen Bomar, daughter of Dr. Wilson Bomar, a pioneer of Knox Township, and ■i 7 « jt 336 ^TV'OX COUNTY. she was born in Hardin County, Ky., April 25, 1830. By the first marriage Mr. Meeks had three children, now all deceased. The fruits of the second mar- riage were one daughter, by name Elvira, wife of Haney Risor, wliose home is in Holt County, Neb. The third marriage was productive of the birth of seven children, by name as follows : Elizabeth F., who married William Yocum, and who died the 28th of January, 1880, aged 26 years; James A., who died when a child of two years; Olive C, wife of Charles Huggins, whose home is in Orange Town- ship; John William married Annie Lessig, and lives in Knox Township, and is a farmer on section 10; Pierce T. married Capitola Wagner and lives in Monona County, Iowa; Daniel E. is single and re- sides at home and assists in conducting the farm ; Ira H. is in attendance at. the business college at Galesburg ; and Luefifie K. resides at home. Mr. and Mrs. Meeks are consistent and reliable members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He takes considerable interest in political matters and is a Republican in sentiment and vote. fffiljilliamH. Shumaker. Within the limits ^St) of Knox County and among those espe- jj^^-p cially noted for enterprise and energy, may ^ be quoted the subject of our biography, a man whose untiring perseverance and abil- ity in financial matters have brought him to his present prosperous state. William H. Shumaker was reared on his father's farm and attended the district school, gaining an ordinary education therein by close attention and faithful study. His present home is located on section 12, Indian Point Township, and he is considered one of the most able financiers of Knox County. He was born March 29, 1853, and is the son of John and Abigail (Leigh) Shumaker. Both are natives of Ohio, and both are still living in this county. Their home, at first so small and humble, soon became crowded by additions to the family cir- cle, and the residence was soon enlarged to give cheerful welcome to the advent of others worthy to be included in its sacred precincts. They were the par- ents of 17 children, viz. : Robert, Fidelia, Harrison, Sally, Mary, William H., Charles E., Clarke, Ida, Niles, James, Theodore, Carey, Delia, Cora, Edna and one who died in infancy. William H. was mar- ried Sept. 2, 1880, to Miss Ella Cashman, who was born Sept. 28, 1858, in Knox County, and was the daughter of L. J and Matilda (Bond) Cashman, both natives of Ohio. They were the parents of two chil- dren — ^EUa, wife of our subject, and Oscar, single. Mr. Shumaker, of this narrative, is the owner of 80 acres of highly-cultivated land, has an ordinarily good dwelling house, built five years since, and a most e.x- cellent barn 40 x 80 feet, in good condition and con- taining all the conveniences desirable. One branch of his business consists of raising blooded stock. He owns seven head of Short horn cattle, whose pedigrees are in the American Herd-book ; his fine stock mostly averages two years of age. He has also the Clydesdale horses, which he keeps for sale to breeders, and also the Poland-China hogs, for the same purpose. The homestead, vvhich is known as Locust Grove Farm, is situated three and three- fourths miles southeast of Abingdon, and three miles from Herman. Mr. Shumaker makes a specialty of buying and shipping to Chicago markets the last- named class of stock. He tlius disposes of about three carloads each year. Mr. and Mrs. Shumaker are the parents of one child, a daughter, by name Ada Etiiel, who was born Sept. T, 1 88 1. They are useful members of society, and ready to forward any good and worthy enterprise, either religious or social. Politically Mr. S. takes a great deal of interest in outside affairs, and is al- ways on the watch for every cloud that darkens the sky of the nation. He is a Republican in voice and vote. ilo A. McClelland, M. D. The subject of this notice is one of the most widely known practitioners in Knox County, and has a ^l^■^'^ reputation for skill in his profession through- out the State of Illinois. He was born in Sharon, Beaver Co., Pa., Jan. 28, T837. His father, Thomas McClelland, born in 1809, was a native of Mt. Jackson, that part of the county which at the present time is included within the county of Lawrence. The first of the McClelland family to emigrate to the United States was Thomas McClelland, a native ^ LIBRARY OF THE lUlVERSITY OF ILUNC'3 KNOX COUNTY. 339 of the North of Ireland, and of Scotch ancestry. He arrived on the shores of our Republic about 1760, and made settlement in Cliester County, Pa., remov- ing later to Cumberland County, in that Slate, where he acquired quite a property in real estate. Of his family of seven children four were sons and three were daughters. William, his third son, was born in 1780, and was the grandfather of the subject of this biographical notice. He settled in that part of Bea- ver County now included in Lawrence County, about 1806, where he was one of the early pioneers, and where he married Martha Sharp, in r8o8, by whom he had six sons and three daughters. His vocation was that of a farmer, and in the prosecution of which he met with more than ordinary success. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and died April 4, 1848, the demise of his wife occurring some years later. Thomas McClelland, the eldest son of William and Martha, became a benedict by uniting his des- tiny with that of Miss Esther Wilson, born in Beaver County, Pa., in 1808. He was a blacksmith by trade, and followed his callingin Beaver County until 1S43. During that year he moved to Indiana, and made settlement on a tract of timber land near Evansville, which he improved and cultivated until 1855. Prior to this he had heard such glowing accounts of the rich and productive prairie lands of Illinois that he concluded to emigrate thither. He accordingly sold his interests in Indiana and emigrated to Illinois, set- tling in Livingston County. There he purchased a farm, on which he lived and labored until the date of his demise. Of their union 10 children were born, eight of whom lived to attain the age of man and womanhood. The subject of this notice was the third in order of birth of his parents' children. He assisted his father on the farm and in the shop, and attended the public schools until he developed into manhood. Our subject, when but a boy, was an indefatigable reader. He borrowed books from whomsoever he could, and when time or opportunity permitted he was always found reading, and, as he said, to prepare himself for the future. In 1857 he taught his first term of school at Long Point, Livingston Co., 111. In 1858 he entered the preparatory department of Beloit College, and after following the entire preparatory course of that institution, with a part of the scientific course, he returned to Illinois and taught school two terms at El Paso, Woodford County, this State. At this period in the history of the life of our sub- ject, the late Civil War had commenced, and in June, 1862, Dr. McClelland enlisted in Company G, 69th 111. Vol. Inf., and was stationed at Camp Douglas ^of about four months. In October of tlie same year he was discharged on the expiration of his term of en- listment, when he returned home and taught school during the following winter in Livingston County. In the spring of 1863 he engaged in agricultural pur- suits. His crop being destroyed by frost, he gave up farming, and in the fall of that year went to Chicago, where he attended the Rush Medical College four months, following which he came to Knox County, locating at Hermon, where he succeeded Dr. Samuel Wilson in his practice, and was thus engaged until September, 1866. He then went to New York City, and while at Bellevue Hospital he attended medical lectures, and there graduated in 1867. Again return- ing to Illinois, he located in Canton, Fulton County, 1 where he remained six months and then moved to Knoxville. Since 1868 the Doctor has been in act- 1 ive practice, and by prompt and diligent attention . to his cases, and treating them with all the skill which years of study and practice enabled him to apply, he has met with signal success. He is a member of the State Medical Society, and has written several papers on medico-legal subjects for that Society, which have been published in its reports, and also upon other subjects, which have gained for him a rep- utation for the manner in which he treated them. A compilation on civil malpractice, published in 1877, is an adopted authority in both law and medicine. The Doctor was married in January, i865, to Louisa J. Bowman. She was born in Venango County, Pa„ and was a daughter of John and Eliza (Steach) Bowman. She died in June, r88i. The Doctor was a second time married in July, 1882, to Mrs. Lydia J. Cleveland, nee Van Pelt. She was the widow of Oliver Cleveland, who at the time of his death was, and had been for several years previously. Superin- tendent of the Knox County Infirmary. She suc- ceeded him to that position, and has had its man- agement until the present time. Of her union with Mr. Cleveland four children were born — Lettie, Ida, James O. and Belle. Mrs. McClelland is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. McClelland is a L ■ t <>_± ^^=^4^ 340 KJVOX COUNTY. member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Blue Lodge No. 66, Knoxville; Rabom Chapter, No. 95, and to Commandery No. 8, of Galesburg. John Oberholtzer. Prominent among the men whose names grace the records of Knox County may be found those whose perseverance and thrift have given them a noteworthy place for the spirit which always wins, that of will and the determination never to give up. It is only through this spirit that great achievements are made, and the subject of this biography may be remembered as one whose heart is always strong and his spirit undaunted in the battle of life. He is the son of Joseph and Ann (Tedrow) Oberholtzer; his home is situated in Elba Township, section 15, and his occupation is that of a general farmer and stock-raiser. Both his parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and were descended from the German. They married >^ and settled in Wayne County, Ohio, where they lived until 1848. They then came to Knox County, hop- ing to better their " fortunes of low degree," and set- tled in Truro Township, where they now reside. They had a family of five children — three girls and two boys, as follows : Louisa J., O. John, Elizabeth J., Homer W. and Mary E. Mary is now deceased. The subject of our sketch, O. John, is at the pres- ent time engaged in mixed farming and stock-raising. He was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 12, 1846, and was about two years of age when his parents came to Knox County. He received a common- school education during the early part of his boy- hood, and lived at home, assisting his parents on the farm until he was 18 years old. He then enlisted in Co. E of the nth III. Cav., Jan. 20, 1865, and served until the close of the war. When the war was over he retufned to his parents' home, remain- ing until he was 22 years of age, when he commenced farming on his own account. He worked at this for one year, and then married and settled on 1 60 acres in Truro Township, section 34. On this place he re- mained for five years. He then sold out and pur- chased 320 acres on section 15, in Elba Township, and gave his attention almost wholly to the raising of cattle and horses. He is now the owner of 750 acres in Elba Township, and is one of the largest stock- dealers in the county. He handles 100 head of cat- tle annually, 30 of horses, and fattens 75 head of hogs. Mr. Oberholtzer was married at Knoxville, Feb. 21, 1869, to Amelia A Smith. She was the daugh- ter of William H. and Mary (Almey) Smith, who were natives of the State of New York. They came to Knox County, and settled in Elba Township in 1867, afterward removing to Wataga, where they at present reside. They have become the parents of five children, as follows : Mary L., Amelia A., Will- iam M., Florence R. and Emma E. Amelia A. was born in Monroe County, N. Y., April 5, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Oberholtzer have six children— Clara E., Emma A., Nellie J., Ida E., Edward J. and Joseph W. Mr. Oberholtzer has shown himself to be a man of public spirit, and one willing to benefit the people in every way. He is a man of genial, kindly spirit, and has held many of the common offices. He was elected Assessor in his township in the spring of 1880, and has filled that office to this time with much credit to himself and to the people who elected him. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1884, and has held other minor offices. He is a member of the Dan. McCook Post, G. A. R., No. 53, at Elm- wood, 111., is President of the co-operative store at Yates City, and also a stockholder in the same or- ganization. In politics he is independent, and votes for measures irrespective of party whenever opportu- nity affords. H. Lott. Prominent among the gf self-made men and enterprising citizens ^^0yf' identified with Knox County, and resi- !> dent within her borders, may be found the subject of this sketch. He is by occupa- tion a farmer, residing in Salem Township, on section 12. Our subject was born in Steding, Hast- ings Co., Ontario, Canada, March 11, 1836. His father, Wilham Lott, was born March 16, i8ri, and his grandfather, whose name was Boltus Lott, was of German descent, but formerly lived near Syracuse, N. Y. During the Revolution he went to Canada, where he spent the last years of his life in the Province of Ontario, and died at the age of 94. His "T* KNOX COUNTY. 341 4-^ maternal grandmother was by name Simmons, and was also from New York. The father of our subject learned the wagon-mak- er's trade, at which he worked for a number of years, discharging his duties with eminent satisfaction. He was a natural mechanic and a first-class workman, and after a very few years began business for him- self, at Dorchester, near New London. Turning- lathes were here put in and furniture was manufact- ured, but, removing from Dorchester, he went to Sterling, and there conducted his business until 1864, when he went to Elmwood, and was engaged in manufacturing washing-machines, wooden pumps, and some additional small work, until his death, which occurred April 18, 1879. \Vm. Lott, Sr., was three times married. His first wife, the mother of his children, was by name Susan Morrison, daughter of WiUiam Morrison, who was born in St. Catherine's, Canada. She died in Ontario in 1852, leaving eight children. His second wife f was Keziah Robinson, also of Canada; and his last alliance was with Mary S. Brees, who now lives in 1 Canton, 111. T Our subject was the oldest of eight children, and ' when quite small was sent by his father to attend I the toUgate on~ the gravel road between Ingersoll •and London. He attended to these duties about six years, and then entered the shops and began work at the turning-lathe. Becoming proficient in the use of tools, he remained with his father until he reached the age of 21, beginning at that time for himself. His sole earthly possessions consisted of a suit of clotlies with empty pockets, but he found employment in a fanning-mill factory near Sterling, and worked for Franklin Jones, the proprietor, for I about two years. During this time he had saved I $70 of his earnings, and had made 12}^ fanning- mills in the shops, on which he received a percent- age which amounted in all to §240. He next I engaged with Mr. Jones to emigrate to Illinois and work for him at Elmwood. which he did, remaining i in his employ for t\vo years. He next commenced business for himself, near Shintown, wliere he man- ufactured 25 mills the first year. He then removed to Elmwood and continued his work, selling his mills throughout the country, for three years. At the ex- piration of that lime he went to Chillicothe, and, as- sociating with him as partner James Hoag, con- tinued with him a year. At the end of this time he bought his partners interest, selling the same to L. F. Murphy. They remained 12 years together and then sold the business and engaged in the grain trade in the last-named place, continuing at this 12 years, and after that removed to Hoopeston, where they built an elevator. After two years spent in the grain trade at the latter place, Mr. Lott came back to Salem Township and bought the farm he now owns and occupies. He is the possessor of 428 acres of land in Salem and Elmwood Townships, the tracts adjoining and lying within two counties. His house is pleasantly located on a rise of ground over- looking Elmwood, Yates City and Brimfield. Mr. Lott was united in marriage Aug. 13, 1861, with Catherine Van Sickle, who was born in New Jersey, April 4, 1841. She is the daughter of Ry- near and Jane (Gibson) Van Sickle, and is the mother of five children, as follows: Marshall T., Ellen A., Harvey V., Sadie M. and Trallia M. In politics Mr. Lott is a Republican, which party he ably and strongly supports. He is an honorary member of Elmwood Lodge, No. 363, A. F. & A. M., and of Yates City Chapter, No. 98. illiam Hughey. Foremost in the ranks of worthy citizens and enterprising bus- ^^.^' iness men of Abingdon is the subject of ^> this personal history herein spoken of. 4ST^ He is a jeweler and watchmaker, also dealer in silver-plated ware and all articles of this kind, of which he keeps a full line of first-class goods. Mr. Hughey first saw the light of day in Highland County, Ohio, Aug. 25, 1825. His parents were Alexander and Hester (Tudor) Hughey, and his father was a native of the State of Ohio and the year of his birth was 1802. His mother was of English and Scotch ancestry and entered life in the State of Maryland. They came to Abingdon in the fall of 1849, while the village was in a state of infancy, and have lived in the town and its immediate vicin- ity ever since, with the exception of one summer which was spent in Iowa. Mr. Hughey followed the occupation of farming for a short time previous to his coming West, and next entered a factory as an employe. After this he en- ±^JJ < T _A 4^ 342 KNOX COUNTY. gaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he continued until he emigrated West. On his arrival in this part of the country he continued to work on the farm for a few years, subsequently going into the wood-work- ing dejjartment of a machine shop, where he re- mained till 1875, at which time he went into his present lousiness. His bridal with Miss Sarah Strain was celebrated in Highland County, Ohio, Aug. 31, 1848. Mrs. Hughey was the daughter of James and Martha Strain, and was born in the county in which she was married. Her parents were natives of Abiline, S. C. Mr. Hughey is a courleotis and affable gentleman and wins friendly regard and liking from his numer- ous patrons. He is wide-awake to public interest and is a Republican in political sentiment, voting with that party wliose doctrines he upholds. #-^ [Ib.ornelius Dempsey. One of the pioneer I? citizens of Orange Township, and an old 4 and reliable resident of that section, was Cornelius Dempsey, deceased, the particulars of whose personal history are herein given. He was one of the most prominent in local affairs. He held the office of Justice of the Peace and was for a number of years Director in the School District where he resided. In addition to this, he figured among the leaders of a few people, members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who, uniting their efforts, erected a church building on his farm and called it the Dempsey Chapel. Mr. D., of whom we write, was born in Cumber- land County, Pa., Oct. 31, 1804. His father, James Dempsey, also a native of Pennsylvania, was reared in his native county, and his grandfather, Cornelius Dempsey, Sr., also lived and died there. The father of Cornelius, Jr., married in his native county Miss Susie Piper, who came from Germany in the year i8io. He emigrated to the State of Ohio, and in Jackson County bought a tract of timber land and laid out a farm, which he worked until 1837, and then, coming to Illinois, settled in Orange Township on section 2. Here he resided until his death, which occurred Nov. zr, 1859, and his wife's death took place Sept. 20, 1865. The fruits of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Dempsey are as follows; Jonathan, Cornelius, Catherine, Annie, James, Isaac, Susie and Polly, five of whom survive at tiie present time. Catherine, widow of Matteson Maxey, lives near Wataga; Annie has a home in Gilson ; James and Isaac reside in Oregon ; and Susie, widow of Booker Pickerel, lives in Gilson. Cornelius, our subject, was six years of age when, under the guardianship of his parents, he came to Ohio. He grew up on the farm, which he assisted his father to work, and made his home with his par- ents until Dec. 24, 1835, which was the date of his marriage with Julia A. Brown. Miss Brown was born in Meigs County, Ohio, on the 2Sth of March, 1813, and was the daughter of John V. and Margaret (Lowther) Brown. The young husband had bought a farm in Jackson County, and on this they lived until 1837, when, deciding that they must have " fresh fields and pastures new " in which to labor, they emigrated to the then Far West. The journey was made overland with four horses and several wagons, and the parly, which was a merry one, com- prised the father and family of Mr. Dempsey, and Isaac Lott and family. With them they brought live stock of various kinds, and this mode of travel gave them an unobscured view of the country to which they were going to seek their fortunes. Their trip lasted one month and they arrived in Knox County, where Mr. D. and father bought 160 acres of land on section 2, Orange Township, which he worked with his father and subsequently added to. There was a double log cabin on the place, with a sod chimney, and in this humble abode they took quarters and there remained for a few months, after which Mr. Dempsey built another log cabin near by, where he and his w'ife commenced housekeeping. The market for-the first few years, as well as the de- pot for supplies, was at Peoria, 45 miles distant. To his original property Mr. D. added land adjoining him till at one time he was in possession of over 500 acres. He erected a brick house and a frame barn and continued in his ple.isant home up to Aug. 5, 1883, the date of his death. To himself and wife were born ten children, but five only survive, as follows : Mary, wife of Kenner Brent, who lives in Warren County; Eliza, wife of Charles Parmenter, who lives in Knoxville; Julia, wife of John Wilson, whose home is in Orange Township on the old homestead; Lucinda and Al- bert C. Mrs. Dempsey, with her two youngest '-h^ll \ LIBRARY OF THE L;;iVERSITY OF ILLlKCiS ij.f^^ \i/yiM^ i-V^^ :^=^^ KNOX COUNTY. 345 children, lives in Knoxville, to which town they re- moved in December, 1883, where her son Albert C. is engaged in merchandising and has the best store in Knoxville. Both herself and deceased husband were consistent and devoted members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church and ranked high in religious work. Mr. Dempsey was a class leader in the Church, and in [wUtics of the Democratic stamp. Riner. Prominent among the of influence and progress who have identified themselves as residents of Knox County is the subject of this personal lu history, and whose home is in Salem Town- \ ship, on section 10. He owns largely in landed estate, his possessions being about equally divided into two farms, each furnished with convenient frame buildings, and too acres of which he rents, retaining the remainder himself. Mr. Riner was born in Jackson Township, Preble >■ Co., Ohio, Jan. 23, 1830. His father, Peter Riner, was born in Berkeley County, (now) W. Va.,in 1801. The grandfather of our subject, Jacob Riner, was a . native of Germany and died in Virginia. The father of our subject was reared in the State of Virginia, and, when a young man, went to Ohio, where he was united in marriage with Margaret Kelly, of Butler County, that State. They lived a short time after marriage in Preble County, and he purchased 40 acres of heavily timbered land in Dixon Township. Clearing this property, he lived there seven years, improving it all the time, and eventually sold out at an advanced price, removing to Jackson Township. There he bought 80 acres of timber land, and re- moving there commenced clearing a farm. Buying land adjoining, he continued cultivating and improv- ing it, living upon it until 1856. In that year he came to Illinois and located in Peoria County, buy- ing land two miles north of Elmwood and living there until 1877, the date of his death. His wife had died four years previously, in 1873. They were the parents of 12 children, two of whom died in in- fancy; ten lived to grow to man and womanhood, and eight of them survive at the present writing (1886). Our subject was the second child in order of birth of his parents' family, grew to manhood in his native township and was reared on the farm. He made his home with his parents until his marriage, which was celebrated Dec. 31, 1850. Mrs. Riner was previously Elizabeth Paddock, of Union County, Ind., where she was born Oct. 23, 1832. Her father bore the name of Ebenezer Paddock, and was born in Butler County, Ohio, Aug. i, 1801 ; and her grand- father, Henry Paddock, was one of the early settlers of her native county and a hero in the War of 181 2, under Gen. Harrison. Her mother's maiden name was Lorena Swain, daughter of John Swain, born in Vermont, and she died Dec. 20, 1838, aged 31 years. There were seven brothers and sisters of Mrs. Riner, five of whom are still living. At the time of his marriage Jacob Riner rented a farm in Jackson Township for one year, subsequently locating on 80 acres of his own in Dixon Township, where he passed another year. At the end of that time he sold out, buying 160 acres in the same town- ship, which he worked for the same length of time, disposing of it on his removal to Illinois, which was in 1853. They came by railroad to Tiskilwa, then hired conveyance to Knox County. Mr. Riper had *• the fall previous visited the place and purchased 160 acres of land in Salem Township, on section 10. There was a frame house in process of building and 40 acres of the land were plowed. This constituted the entire improvements upon the place, and the prospect was somewhat discouraging, especially as the household goods shipped by rail failed to come. After an impatient interval of waiting, he started in search of them, and eventually found them in In- diana and returned with them. It had grown too late to put in a crop, but he set immediately about it and seeded 40 acres with corn, renting land on which he raised small grains. While these were maturing he worked on his house, finishing and im- proving it and placing his household eflFects in it. In 1856 he bought the southwest quarter of section 3, adjoining his first purchase, and in 1857 he re- moved to that place, where he lived until 1867. In that year he went to Yates City, built a residence and lived there until 1883, when, in February of that year, he went back to the place he now lives upon, which he had purchased the January previous. He is the possessor of 400 acres of land and is consid- ered a well-to-do and influential man. Mr. and Mrs. Riner became the parents of four *r r^Aj ■ cT_jL •^^ 346 KNOX COUNTY. children, bearing the following names : Albert, of Peoria County, married Miss Dany Tuttle, and they have two children — Eda and Jacob C. Riner; Mar- garet Angeline, wife of S. D. Enochs, resides in Yates City; they have three children; Dora B., wife of Martin Thompson, of Yates City ; and Jacob C, residing at home. Politically, Mr. Riner is a Jeffersonian Democrat, and a solid, substantial man and respected citizen. He is a member in good standing of the Masonic fraternity, and holds membership with Yates City Lodge, No. 448, and is also a member of Hiram Chapter, No. 98, R. A. M., Yates City. We feel assured that the portrait of Mr. Riner, presented in connection with this sketch, will be looked upon with pleasure by his old friends and ac- quaintances. Tames A. Shaffer, one of Knox County's successful farmers, residing on section 27, Truro Township, began his career as a farmer in the year 1864, on an 80-acre tract of land which he had inherited from his mother; or, in other words, the land had been purchased for him previously with the money he had inherited, and was at the time of purchase valued at $750. This farm included the south one-half of the north- west quarter of section 27, which he has since occu- pied. The first addition made to it was the north one-half of the same quarter, which he purchased on time. From the very first our subject engaged in the breeding of slock, his favorite being the Short-horn cattle. He also deals extensively in Poland-(Jhina hogs and Clydesdale horses. He has added to his acreage from time to time until now he is the pos- sessor of 820 acres of land, all of which is tillable soil. The gentleman whose name heads this brief per- sonal narrative was born in Clinton County, Pa., April 15, 1841. He was kept steadily at school un- til he was 13 years of age, when he began work with his father in the lumber regions, felling trees and squaring timber. Our subject was 15 years of age when he came to the Prairie State with his father, arriving here May 20, 1856. Here he again took up his studies, attending the common schools and sup- plementing the same by attendance at Hedding Col- lege, Abingdon. He assisted his father in the farm duties until he had attained his majority, at which time he worked for his father on shares until the year 1864, when he located on his present farm as before stated. Nov. 22, 1864, the marriage of James Shaffer and Miss Louisa, the accomplished daughter of Joseph and Annie (Tedrow) Oberholtzer, was solemnized. Mrs. Shaffer was born in Wayne County, Ohio, July 15, 1843, and was formerly a teacher in the public schools of Knox County. She received her early education in the public schools and later attended Hedding College, receiving her first certificate when but a girl of 14 years. She graduated at St. Mary's School in June, 1886. The happy union of Mr. and Mrs. Shaffer has been blessed by the birth of seven bright children, whose names are as follows: Vesper, Joseph O., Benjamin B., Annie, Celestia, Rosaletta, and James A. Mr. S. is a Greenbacker, and is a stockliolder in a co-operative store at Yates City, and Director in ' the company. He has always evinced great interest in educational matters, and has served in the capac- ity of School Director in his district. He has also represented his township on the Board of Supervis- ors. Our subject and wife are highly esteemed by all who enjoy their acquaintance and friendship, and Mrs. Shaffer is a woman gifted with e.vtraordinary business ability They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. yrs. Martha Seiboldt, the relict of Octa- vius Seiboldt, is the subject of this bio- ^ ^ graphical sketch, and a woman of indom- < \ itable and persevering energy. She owns and manages a farm of 300 acres, on which she erected a fine residence in 1 885 , valued at $2,000. She has instituted many improvements and steadily worked with a view to the establishment of a home worthy of the pride of its owner. The husband of our subject was born in Sweden, in 1824, and died in America, at his home in Knox County, 111., in 1867, at the early age of 43. He came to Amerca in 1845, and followed the sea as captain of a vessel for almost ten years. In 1854 he came to Illinois, settling in Victoria, and engaged in H ■e^ KNOX COUNTY. 347 cabinet-making. He was thus engaged for two years, when he abandoned the cabinet business, and after remaining in Copley Township for two years took a trip to the Rocky Mountains, and, traveling down in the direction of Central America, was lost to the eye of the civilized world and his friends for about eight years. At the e.xpiration of that length of time he returned to Copley Township and remained one year. Mr. Seiboldt was united in marriage in 1855 with our subject, Maitha Larson, daughter of Eric and Annie (Colson) Larson. They emigrated from Swe- den to Illinois immediately after this event. After the death of the father, which occurred on the jour- ney, it is supposed of the cholera, the family caraeon and settled in Copley Township. The mother, who still survives, makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Seiboldt, having reached the age of 86 years. Mrs. Seiboldt has three children living — John, Sarah and George; Emma and Mary are deceased. Mrs. Seiboldt manages her large farm with admirable tact and ability, and wins golden opinions for her womanly courage, her nobility of purpose and her strength of execution. She is a consistent member of the Swed- ish Methodist Episcopal Church, and a useful worker. In her younger days she was only a laboring girl, " working in Peoria and Galesburg at housework, but, taking for her motto " there is no such word as fail," she has succeeded in securing the possession of a home which will be a rest and an abiding place throughout her declining years. J^on. John Sloan. The annals of Knox County would be incomplete without the notice of this gentleman, who has shown himself not only possessed of high mental at- tainments, but of that good judgment, strength of character and unvarying integrity that win the respect of all with whom he is connected. He is a resident of Salem Township, and the citizens of his district feel no small degree of pride in his merits, not only as a private citizen, but as a ix)litician and a public man. Mr. Sloan is a native of Ireland, and was born in County Antrim, Oct. 12, 1827, and is the son of James and Mary (Beck) Sloan, both natives of that county. The grandfather of Mar)' Beck was origin- ally from Scotland, and emigrated to Ireland in the seventeenth century. The Sloans were from Scot- land, and our subject was reared in his native county, obtaining his education in the schools of his neigh- boihood. At the age of 18, entering a wholesale grocery store and bakery, he served an apprentice- ship and worked as journeyman for four years. Aft- er an interval of four years, as stated, he assisted his father on the farm, working there until 1850. At that time, not content with the ordinary 'lot of the av- erage young man in his country, he emigrated to America, setting sail from Belfast Sept. rj, r85o. He changed vessels at Liverpool and subsequently landed at New Orleans, by way of which city he continued his journey up the river to St. Louis. At that place he took a packet, and coming up the Illi- nois River completed his trip. Accompanied by a brother who had joined him at Liverpool, they set out on foot for Oquawka, which was 100 miles dis- tant, arriving there Dec. 13 of the same year. Our subject found employment, as do the generality of willing workers, and, engaging at $13 per month, he labored for eight months, and in the fall of 1851 joined a surveying party, going out in the employ of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad. In December, r85i, he drove the first stake east of the Mississipi River for that corporation, and, working one month as chainman, he was promoted to the position of assist- ant engineer. Remaining with this company until 1857, he bought on section 4, of Salem Township, 72 acres, of land, and there erected a house and com- menced to cultivate it. He has added to his farm from time to rime until he owns nearly 800 acres, of which nearly all is improved, and some pasture. He raises the small grains, and is interested in the breeding of Short-horn cattle, his favorite breed of stock. Mr. Sloan was married June 13, 1854, to Sarah Allen, of County Antrim, Ireland. She is the daugh- ter of Hugh and Sarah (Caulfield) Allen, the date of her death being Nov. 22, 1832. Seven chil- dren have grown up about them, three of whom they have now lost by death ; the remaining four are as follows: Mary, wife of Dr. J. W. Hensley, of Yates City; Hugh; Sarah, wife of E. H. Ware, of Summit; James; Susan, one of those deceased, was born Oct. 7, 1865, and died at the early age of 14, just at the dawn of womanhood, July 27, 1879; nr 4-^ i* 348 KNOX COUNTY. Johnnie, born Oct. 8, 1872, died July 27, 1879; Jessie died the following August, aged two years and six months. The last three named died of diph- theria. Mrs. Sloan is a member of the United Pres- byterian Church. Mr. Sloan has filled satisfactorily a number of local political offices. He served as Supervisor from 1869 to 1878, at which time he resigned, having been elected to the State Legislature. He was on the committees on agriculture, horticulture and town- ship organization. He was re-elected in 1882, and held the office in a manner reflecting credit upon him. In politics he has been a Democrat ever since he became a voter.- He is connected with the Yates City Lodge, No. 488, Chapter No. 98, R. A. M. He was also appointed to serve on the building com- mittee of the jail, with other worthy citizens of Knox County, and may be found generally as having a voice and hand in her most useful enterprises. Hugh, his son previously named, was born in Sa- (lem Township, May 19, 1858, and unitedin marriage with Miss Nora Baird, daughter of Demetrius and Charlotte (Wheeler) Baird. They reside in Salem ^Township, and he is actively engaged in agricult- I ural pursuits, his home being situated on section 3. I Mr. Sloan is at the present time a member of the ■ Board of Supervisors, and is on the building com- mittee of the Court House. ~W\,-\t2£j2;©^@. i-^vSi;5(3^>v*'vwv l^amuel Shives, of section 16, Elba Town- ship, came to Knox County in April, 1851, |[^<3r '" from Fulton County, Pa. He was a single man at the time, and worked by the month several years for farmers and at other occupa- tions. This continued for about 11 years. In 1873, he purchased 40 acres of land in Elba Town- ship, on section 16, and went to work on this. He has continued to live there until this time, and now owns 120 acres of land acquired by o<;casional addi- tions to the original 40 ; part of this acreage is tillable. Mr. Shives was born in Fulton County, Pa., Jan. 16, 1825. He lived there until 185 1, wlieu he came to Knox County, where he was married in Knoxville, Jan. 16, 1866. He was the husband of a lady by name Martha Kightlinger, daughter of Jacob and Marion (Berfield) Kightlinger, both natives of Penn- sylvania. They reside in Yates City. Mrs. Shives was born in Elba Township, Jan. 14, 1844. Mr. and Mrs. Shives have four children — Flora E., Ma- rion R., John D. and Mabel M. Flora Estella died Oct. 23, 1879, when eight years of age. Mr. Shives has been quite a prominent man in his community, and has assisted in matters educational and otherwise. He is a clear thinker and an active worker, and has been School Director 15 years. He has been Collector of the township for a number of years, and in politics he is a Democrat. His par- ents, John and Susan ^Miller) Shives, were natives of Fulton County, Pa. -^ ^^ ^ \ obert Shelton, a retired farmer and a resi- i dent of Yates City, is the subject of this li^(^P'" biographical notice. He was a native of Ivfet^ England, being born in Rutlandshire. His father was a laboring man, and while still small Robert was put to work. When he was nine years of age he was hired out to a farmer, and remained with him forfour years, receiving two pence per day for his labor. At the end of that time he en- gaged with a traveling clergyman, and while with him visited various parts of England and Wales. After two years he resumed farming, receiving 50 shillings the first year, and 70 during the ensuing four years. He then engaged as teamster, and finding it a bus- iness that paid fairly well, he continued in it until 1840, and from that time until 1850 was employed as foreman on a farm. On the 8th day of May of that year, he set sail from Liverpool with his wife and two children, land- ing at New York City on the 8th of June. He then proceeded via the Hudson River and Erie Canal to Buffalo, where he was obliged to remain for a time on account of sickness in the family. This was a heavy drain upon his finances, but, resuming his journey, the party arrived at Toledo, went thence to Hillsdale, Mich., and there he hired a conveyance, and the tourists were taken to La Grange, Ind. There he had friends, became hopeful and gained a foothold in the world, and after battling with fever and ague for a time he procured work on a railroad in Indiana and Mich- igan. Working there for one year, he removed to t Residence of Jas.J. Eldridge.Sec. 5. PersiferTownshi p. LIBRARY ■ OF THE L.;iVERSlTY OF ILUNC.^ ^ KNOX COUNTY. 35 1 Illinois and found employment on the I. C. R. R. He next took a contract on the Bureau Valley R. R., but was financially unfortunate, and concluded to resume agricultural pursuits. Coming to Knox County with three pairs of horses, and the meager sum of $25 in money, he bought 160 acres of wild land on section 13, of Elba Township, paying but §10 down. There was no house for the little family, and hollow- ing out a strawstack, he provided a place of refuge for his wife and children until he could build a shanty for them with ,lumber drawn from Bureau County. Selling two of his teams, with the proceeds he purchased farm implements, and began work on the ground all unbroken before him, His earnest efforts were crowned with good results, and he was able from time to time to make payments on his farm until he stood free from debt. The family continued in the impromptu dwelling, whicli seemed so comforta- ble in the days when they were roughing it, but one year. At the end of that time he built a frame house, 16x24, ^nd one and one-half stories high. He has since added to this and erected neat build- ings, which stand on the farm in good condition, ^ while his land is highly cultivated and productive. Adding from time to time to his estates, he is to-day the owner of 340 acres in Elba Township. Desiring a change, Mr. Shelton left his son in charge of the farm and removed to Yates City. In 1881, he took up a tract of land in Butler County, Neb., remaining upon it from early spring to Novem- ber, and in the interval erecting a house and tilling 100 acres of the land. In the autumn, he rented it, and returned to Yates City, and is now the owner of three residences and a store there. Mrs. S. was for- merly Mary Jackson, a native of Rutlandshire, Eng., born Sept. 6, 1815. Their union has been blest with five children, as follows : Martha, wife of Jesse R. Hill, lives in Butler County, Neb.; Mary, Mrs. G. W. Rogers, resides in Dakota; Isaac lives in Elba Township; Annie married A. J. Kightlinger, of Yates City ; and Francis R. is in Elba Township, Mr. Shelton is eminently a self-made man and an example to any American youth. He has shown to the world that honest effort, united with a strong en- deavor to breast the waves of difficulty, cannot fail if faithfully continued and wortliily exerted. Any boy with the blessings of good hei.lth and this life before him, with the advantages of free schools, can win. Nor need he despair, be he ever so restricted finan- I ■ - ^ cially. With the countless examples of good men of noble lives constantly bet'ore him, let him believe that we "can make our lives sublime." •— *--H<#^>^>^- Severin, merchant, and one of the firm • '^i .' 1 Severin & Christover, of Victoria, is one ■ ' of the most enterprising business men and active workers resident within the borders of % Knox County. His keen and ready foresight, j unfailing energy and active disposition of all difficulties that fall in his way have gained him victory over obstacles thai others might have found unsurmountable. Mr. Severin came to this place in 1865, but was born in Sweden, .April 14, 1839, and is the son of Nels E. and Sigried (Larson) Severin, both of Sweden. The husband held many important offices, and was elected Juryman nine terms, of three years each. He was a soldier in the war against Russia, and, as is the case in Sweden, he had his name changed from Erickson to Severin. He developed consider- able ability as an orator, often pleading cases in court. He died in his own land in 1846; his wife Jan. 28, 1881. Lars Erickson was the father of Mrs. Severin. He was a farmer, owning a place in Bollnas, Paris, Safversta Village. He was elected to the old Con- gress, and there represented the farmers' interests. He was elected four terms, and each term was from one to five years ; he was also elected Juryman and " Harads Domaren," meaning a wise judge, and was appointed one of the committee to receive the prince, afterward King Carl Johan XIV. Lars Erickson was loved and respected by his peo- ple, and his loss was widely felt at the time of his death, which occurred about 1831. Our subject, the grandson of Lars Erickson, was the youngest of a family of children, and his early days were spent at school and on the farm. At the age of 21, he en- gaged in mercantile pursuits and followed the same until he left his native land to seek a home in Amer- ica, in 1865. After reaching New York he came to Victoria, Knox Co., 111., wiiere he worked on a farm until 1867. He then engaged in clerking for Robin- son & Sons, at Victoria, and there continued for three years. He then engaged with C. M. Ewing and remained with hira two years, at the end of eX-^ 3SZ KNOX COUNTY. -^^^^ ^* which time he went into the same business with Homer Gains, remaining until 1880. Purchasing, with David Larson, the stock and mill of Mr. Gains, he conducted the business under the firm name of Severin & Larson until 1882, when Larson sold out his interest to William Christover, and the business has since been conducted under the title of Sevenn & Christover. They handle dry goods, clothing, hats, caps, groceries, notions and so forth, and by their up- rightness of character and genuine devotion to bus- iness have won the respect and confidence of a wide circle, which grants them a hearty patronage. Mr. Severin was married to Miss Matilda Swan- son, a native of Sweden, and a daughter of Charles and Christina Swanson. They came to America in 1858, and, settling in Galesburg, remained eight years. In 1864 he moved to Her.ry County and rented a farm for eight years, and after that bought a farm in Lynn Township. It included 12 acres, and he continued to live there until May 13, 1884, when his death took place. The mother is still liv- ing and is in Galva at the home of her youngest son. Mr. and Mrs. Severin have a family of four sons — 7 Theodore, born March 20, 1867 ; Bismark,born Nov. 13, 1870; Oscar, Jan. 17, (874, and Eric, Jan. 12, 1876. Mr. Severin is politically Independent, but holds large and liberal beliefs and votes for principle, not party. His home is on Union street, is desirable and attractive, and he with his family attends the Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church, to which they are united. lohn C. Parsons, of Henderson Township, is one of the representative farmers and substantial men of his community and is located on section 25. He is the son of John jt P. and Lucia M. (Siillman) Parsons. In our biography of Mr. John P. Parsons we have given brief memoranda of the family history of our subject. He was born in Henderson Township on the 1 2th of September, 1856, was educated at the common schools, and, as a boy, showed himself an apt pupil and devoted to his studies. He has al- ways been a resident of Knox County. He remained at home up to 1882, when he took charge of the farm on which he now lives. He was married within his own township Dec. 25, 1884, to Julia A. Noble, this lady being a native of Venango Co., Pa., where she was born on the 7th of June, 1861. She is the daughter of Mark Noble, of Henderson Town- ship, whose history is given elsewhere in this Album. She is a lady of great amiability of character and has a large circle of friendly acquaintances. ^f^!;OTrj»>~'w a"^ ^^"^ ''^^ improvements thereon was enabled to sell the same for Sz.ooo- Our subject has been engaged in the real estate bus- iness continuously since his arrival here, and is at present the owner often farms in Maquon and Haw Creek Townships, aggregating upward of 1,500 acres. In 1878 he erected a fine brick residence upon his place in Haw Creek Township, the location being contiguous to the depot. William Swigart was first married in Wyandot County, Ohio, Oct. 21, 1S47. The name of his wife was Eliza J. McHenry, daughter of John and Har- riet (King) McHenry. Miss McHenry's parents were natives of Ohio, and came to Knox County in 1856, making a settlement in Haw Creek Township, where the father has since resided, the mother's de- mise occurring about 1S84. The issue of the union of Mr. and Mrs. S. has been as follows: John, Jane, Daniel and .Alonzo ; the latter was about 18 years of age at the time of his death; John resides in Haw Creek Township and is the hus- band of Miss Morse ; Jane became the wife of O. D. Cook, and they reside in Haw Creek Township ; Daniel took to wife Jane Stringham, and they make their home in Maquon village. He carries on the lumber business for his father. The wife and mother departed this life Jan. 23, 1861. Our subject formed a second matrimonial alliance in Haw Creek Township, March, 1862, at which time Susanna Ste>vart became his wife. They have been blessed by a family of six children, of whom we give the following brief memoranda : Elizabeth, George, Lincoln, Sarah, Mary and Eliza. George and Eliza deceased ; Elizabeth became the wife of Charles Hartsook, and they are residents of Scott County, Kan.; Lincoln resides in Kansas; Sarah is the wife of F. C. Bearmore, and they are at present residing at Maquon; Mary resides at home. Their home < circle was saddened by the death of the mother, which occurred Feb. 18, 1875. Mr. Swigart was the third time married in Haw Creek Township, May 17, 1876, to Elizabeth Bull, daughter of Walter and Elizabeth Bull. In 1854 her parents came to Knox County and made settlement in Haw Creek Township, and resided there until their demise. Our s-ibject has held the office of Super- visor and Justice of the Peace and has been honored with many other offices within the gift of the people. He is a member in high standing of the Masonic fraternity, having taken the thirty-secoaid degree. He belongs to the Peoria Consistory, S. P. R. S., 32, and is also identified with the I. O. O. F. He is a charter member of his Consistory, A. A. S. Rite. He is a firm adherent of the principles of the Re- publican party. The parents of our subject were by name David and Elizabeth (Conrad) Swigart, natives of Lancas- ter County, Pa., and Greenbrier County, Va., respect- ively. The grandparents of our subject, with their family, emigrated to Ohio, where the parents of Mr. Swigart were married and settled in Pickaway County. Subsequently they removed to Marion County, same State. In 1848 they came to DeWitt -^ lA^ ■ A » ■ 360 ■V. KNOX COUNTY. -- County, 111., where the father engaged in the peace- ful calling of a farmer, though not exclusively, until their demise in that county. They had been blessed with a family of 1 1 children, bearing the names of Matilda, Sarah, William, John, Jacob, George, Eliza- beth, Mary J., Benjamin, Jemima and Eliza. In the year 1878 our subject formed a partnership with J. B. Boynton, under the style of William Swigart & Co., for the purpose of carrying on the grocery business. Mr. S. is still connected with this firm, and in 1881 engaged in the banking business, and also in the lumber trade. Besides his extensive acreage of farm land, he is also the owner of valuable village property. Mr. Swigart's portrait will be found among the il- lustrations in this volume. ••o*o..@^osed of his land and purchased the southeast quarter of section 7, where he engaged in farming until 1883. He then rented his farm and purchased the place he now owns and occupies at Summit. Our subject was married May 31, 1850, to Ro- sanna Macaulay. She was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1834, and is the daughter of Robert and Jane (Lapslay) Macaulay. She came to .\merica in 1846. Four children have clustered around the liearthstone of Mr. and Mrs. Sloan: Nivens S. lives at Johnson, Neb. ; Rosr.nna is the wife of C. H. Wedmier, and they reside at Summit; Fannie J. and Thomas N. Mr. and Mrs. Sloan are devoted mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church, and in polities Mr. S. is a stanch Republican, and casts his vote for that party whenever opportunity oflTcrs. ark Noble. This gentleman is an exten- sive farmer, residing on section 36 of ^'^ Henderson Township. He emigrated to this couiity in 1868, settling the following "■'* February in Galesburg. He returned, however, to Henderson Township, where he purchased 240 acres of very desirable land on sections 35 and 36, where he has since made his home. His land is of excellent quality and every acre tillable. He has 13 head of horses and 45 head of cattle, and fattens upwards of 100 head of hogs annually. He was born in Venango County, Pa., on the 22d of January, 1826. He lived in his native county until he was 40 years old, engaged in agricultural pursuits and the lumber business. In his younger days he was ardently devoted to hunting and fishing, and looks back with pride to those days of trial and skill. On leaving Pennsyl- vania he removed to Livingston County, N. Y., and located in the Genesee Valley, where he purchased a farm from Col. Honsford. He lived in that county 366 KNOX COUNTY. three years, when he sold his farm and came to Knox County, where he has since resided. On Oct. 12, 1852, in Clarion County, Pa., he mar- ried Lydia Zellars, who was a native of that county, born Feb. 4, 1830. By this propitious union there were ten children — Susan I., John B., Eva E., Julia A., Harley G., Mark, Hattie M., Jessie B. and Fran- cis D. One died in infancy. Susan I. is the wife of Charles Shepnrd and is now a resident of Peoria. John B. married AUie Morrison and resides in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; they have two children — Maud and Fern. Julia is the wife of J. C. Parsons and resides in Henderson Township. All the other children are at home. Mr. Noble, while a resident of Pennsylvania, held the office of Constable and Collector, and since his residence in Kno.x County has been School Director and Pathmaster. His parents were Mark and Susan (Bush) Noble, natives of Connecticut and New York respectively. The father first settled in York State and subse- quently removed to Pennsylvania, where he died. His wife's parents were John and Elizabeth (Kessler) Zellars, natives of Switzerland and Germany respect- ively. They died in Venango County, Pa., her father being within two days of 100 years old. Mr. Mark Noble is a substantial Republican and a thoroughly representative man. In politics his thoroughness and adhesion to principle have won him the respect and trust of a large circle of friends. ^avid Hannah, living on section 7, Elba |. Township, is the subject of this biograph- _^ "^ ical notice. He is the son of Jane and Xj«< Sarah (McKinney) Hannah, natives of Scot- land and Indiana respectively. They were married and settled in Elba Township, where he died March 19, 1852 The wife survives him and is the mother of six children — Catherine, Will- iam C, James R., David, Mary and John T. David was born in Elba Township, Oct. 12, 1847. The subject of our sketch has lived in Elba Town- ship since Oct. 12, 1847, ^''1^ ''''6 exception of two years spent in Iowa and two in Missouri when he was quite young. He has received a common-school education and has always been engaged in agricult- ural pursuits. He was married in Haw Creek Township, Feb. 6, 1873, to Miss Olive E. Harsh- berger, daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Housh) Harshberger, natives of Ohio and IlHnois, of German ancestry. They reside in Haw Creek Township. The family consisted of seven children, viz. : Lenora, Alice, Olive E., Delmer, May and Ednor ; a daugh- ter, Amanda, is deceased. Olive E. (Mrs. Hannah) was born in Haw Creek Township, May 27, 1853. Our subject and wife have become the parents of four children, viz. : Harry C, Olive P., Icel G. and Delle L. In politics, Mr. Hannah is a stanch Re- publican, and he upholds that party with all the zeal in his power. Mr. H. is the owner of 325 acres of land, much of which is in a tillable condition. He is engaged quite busily in buying and raising stock, and in this particular hne of business he is exceed- ingly successful. -• — ^^oo<> e=^ '— fhomas Smith. Among the well-to-do and successful citizens of this magnificent county, in industrial pursuits, may beV| counted the subject of this narrative. He conducts a farm situated on section 15, of Rio Township, and is known to one and all aS' an energetic and wide-awake man, and one that is master of his calling. Mr. Smith came to Knox County in the fall of 1855, from Oneida County, N. Y., settling in his present location, the purchase having been made two years previously. Since that time Mr. Smith has made all modern improvements, erected a set of commodious and handsome farm buildings, and is now the owner of 2031^ acres of land, 200 of which is fertile and highly productive. Our subject was born in England, Aug. rst. 1826, and came to America when a lad of 16 years. He attained the age of manhood while a resident of New York. While in Oneida County he worked in a cotton factory, and in Lewis County on his fath- er's farm. About this time he went to Nantucket, Mass., where he embarked on a whaling vessel, and this voyage lasted three years. During this time he met with several narrow escapes, but finally returned safe and sound to his home. During the voyage Mr. Smith encircled the world, stopping at the various ports, He passed through Behring's Straits into the ±~ t «4i KNOX COUNTY. 367 Arctic Ocean, where he remained for four months. ! During the three years' voyage Mr. Smith only slept off the vessel two nights. Going again to Oneida County, he engaged for the second time in a cotton factory, and there worked two years, at the expira- tion of which time he removed to Knox County. His first matrimonial connection occurred in Lewis County, in 1847, with Miss Mary Marsden, who was a native of England. To them were born one child, Thomas W., who is married and has one little girl, Ruth E. He married Miss Alice Carr, of Osceola, N. Y. His home is in Lewis County, N. Y., at which place Mrs. Smith departed this life in the spring of 1850. After an interval of four years Mr. Smith was again married in Oneida County, celebrating his nuptials Oct. ist, r854, and Emily Andrews, nee Lawrence, was his chosen bride. She is the daugh- ter of Samuel and Sarah (Kelly) Lawrence, natives of Massachusetts and York State respectively, and j'was a relict of Winfield S. Andrews, who died |in Moravia, Cayuga Co. N. Y., March 14, 1852. By I that marriage were born two children, Georgiana and >Irvin S., the former of whom is the wife of William Doyle, who resides in Stuart, Iowa. She has been the mother of two children, both of whom are de- •ceased. Irvin married Miss Mary Victory, daughter ' of Ellas Victory, Esq., of Rio Township, and lives in the vicinity of David City, Neb., and is the father of five children, as follows : Adelbert L., Edward, Jessie, Fred, and Ninia May. Mrs. Smith, wife of our subject, was born in Coop- erstown, Otsego Co., N. Y., June 29, 1826, and to herself and her husband has come one child, Mary Ella, who lived to reach the age of 16 years, and died in the early bloom of girlhood, and the date of the sad event was June loth, 1875. Mr. S. has not only been prosperous in business, but useful in the community as a worker in public affairs. Both him- I self and wife are members of the Congregational Church. Politically he is a Republican, and takes a lively interest in the success of the party. Mr. Smith, in the summer of 1883, indulged in a' visit to his native country, England, where his parents, William and Ellen (Thorp) Smith, natives of that country, resided until their emigration to America, in 1842, stopping first in Oneida County, then in Lewis County, X. Y. On leaving New York they came to Knox County, settling, in 185 i, in Rio Township, where they contentedly passed the re- mainder of their days, the mother dying in 1856, the father in 1872. ^> ifnderson Barnett, now residing in Knox- \, ville, was born in Randolph Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, the 19th of Febru- ary, 181 1. Like most retiring disjx)sitions and ives, the even tenor of whose way influences and interests, without in any measure impor- tuning the time and surroundings in which they are cast, that of Mr. Barnett affords a striking illustra- tion. In disposition his father was not unlike him in this particular. The latter gentleman's name was John Barnett, a narive of Goochland County, Va., where he was born on the i6th day of June, 1778. The father of John was Arthenathas Barnett, a Virginian of prominence, who emigrated with his family into that State, after- ward settling in Clinton County, Ohio, where he fol- lowed the occupation of farming. Here he resided until his death. The father of Mr. Barnett grew to manhood in his native county, being brought up on his father's farm until his marriage with Elizabeth Hutchins. This lady was born in Goochland County, Va., April 15th, 1782. Her husband emigrated to Ohio and settled in Montgomery County, he be- ing one of the earliest of its settlers. He was accom- panied by his wife and three children, and his only worldly possessions on his arrival in Montgomery County were eighty-three dollars in money. Purchas- ing 80 acres of land on time, he built a log cabin for himself and family, and immediately commenced farm improvements. Here he continued to reside until 1838, when he sold his farm and removed to Indiana, settling in Fountain County, and buying an improved farm. After residing here a few years he took up his residence in Fulton County, and died October 7th, 1854, his wife having died on the i6th of December, 1850. They were both members of the Society of Friends, but toward the close of her life Mrs. B. became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. By this marriage were 12 children, ir of whom grew to man and womanhood. Two of these, however, Isaac and ■e4 *4 368 ~ . Y. KNOX COUNTY. our subject, are the only members of the family now living. Mr. Barnett was the seventh child, and attained to his manhood in his native county. During his boyhood he assisted his father in clearing the farm, and to obtain an education availed himself of such op- portunities as were presented at the time and under trying circumstances. Having finally fitted himself for the position of teacher, he obtained an engage- ment in this capacity, which he united with farming operations. He describes the schoolhouse as built of logs, with a puncheon floor and with wooden hinges on which to hang the door. With these crud- ities and a few slab benches the furniture of the schoolhouse was complete. At first he received a salary of only ten dollars per month, out ofwiiich he was to board himself On the loth of May, 1852, he married Mrs. Mar- garet Mason, a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, wliere she was born Sept. 29, 18T5. She was 'the daughter of William and Nancy (Huey) Mason, natives of Virginia, who settled in Ohio, while that State was yet a Territory. At the time of this mar- -^riage Mr. and Mrs. Barnett located on his father's farm, where they lived contentedly until 1837, when they started with a pair of horses and wagon, and proceeded on their journey westward, bringing with them a portion of their household goods. On their westward journey they- camped as best they could, and after enduring no little hardship arrived in Kno.x County August 25 of that year. He had previously purchased land on section 10, in what is now Orange Township. Here he built a log cabin. During the following winter he taught the second term of school in Orange Township, and several subsequent terms in different pans of the county. He was elected one of the first members of the Board of Trustees in Orange Township, in which ca- pacity he served for six years, when in 1846 he was appointed Treasurer, and served continuously in this office daring his residence in this township. For 12 years he filled the position of Justice of the Peace, an office which he held with credit to himself and jus- tice to others. At onetime he was compelled to sell 40 acres of his land in order to purchase stock with which to make a fresh start in life. He next im- proved and fenced 120 acres of land, erected a brick dwelling and suitable barn, and planted fruit trees of different varieties. This residence he occupied until 1822, when he moved to Knoxville, where he now lives. These excellent people have ten children now liv- ing: Elizabeth, wife of Henry Allen, lives in Ne- maha County, Kan.; Nancy, wife of Thomas Colwell, resides in Coffey County, Kan ; Celia, wife of Riley Lawrence, and lives at Gilson, Knox County; Alex- ander, who lives in Taylor County, Iowa; Louisa Jane, wife of J. W. Dennis, resides in Johnson County, Kan.; Irene, wife of Milton Dennis, lives in Frank- lin County, Kan.; Alice, wife of Henry Turner, who resides in Taylor County, Iowa; Clara, wife of M. W. Redd, resides in Johnson County, Neb.; Albert, living in Holt County, Neb., and Warren W., who has set- tled in Coffey County, Kan. Mr. Barnett is prominent in his community as a theological student, and is an earnest inquirer and commentator in Biblical matters. His wife is a mem- ber of the M. E. Church, and a lady remarkable for her devotion to every good cause, and earnestness in promoting the principles of sund religion. In politics Mr. B. was first a Whig, but on the organi- zation of the Republican party he became identified with it. illiam Mount, whose farm is located on section 20, Cedar Township, was born in Warren County, Ohio, Sept. 23, r824. He is the son of Ralph and Lucy (Barber) Mount, who were themselves natives of the State of New Jersey. The father was born in 1790, and died in 1875, in Knox County, 111. The mother was born in 1791 and died in 1825, in War- ren County, Ohio. The family came to Ohio in 1804, the marriage of his parents taking place in i8ri. In all they had five children — Thomas, Nancy, Susan, William and Samuel. The latter died in in- fancy. William, the youngest and the subject of this sketch, married Miss Mary E. Mahon, Feb. 6, i85r. She was a native of Greenbrier County, W. Va., and born Feb. 6, 1827, her parents being Rob- ert and Mary (Groton) McMahon. Her father was born in Pennsylvania in 1S03, his decease taking place July 20, 185 1, in Knox County, 111. Her mother was born in Virginia in 1805, and died in 1832, in the same State. By the marriage there -t LI3RARV OF THE L'.'IIVERSITY Of ILUN: Residence OF F. H. Peterson, Sec. a, OrangeTownship. t ' v^=^ KAOX COUNTY. 37 « were four children — Mary E., Margaret, Franklin and Washington. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Mount there are seven children — Robert, born in November, 185 i; James, Aug. 23, 1853; George, Feb. 14, 1857 ; Lucy, April, 1859; Jimniie, Oct. 16, 1862; Lillie, Aug. 14, 1866; and David, who died in infancy. James Mount died Dec. 12, 1880. Lucy died Sept. 21, 1879; Jimmie, Sept, 27, 1879. James married Miss Mary E. Mendenhall. This lady died Oct. 14, 1881, leaving no children by her marriage. Mr. Mount farms 130 acres of prime land, which is considered in an advanced state of cultivation. In 1870 he erected a fine two-story house, and a desirable barn, 28x36 feet, to which he has put an addition of i8 feet since first building. Mrs. Mount is member of the Congregational Church, while Mr. Mount be- longs to the Methodist Episcopal body. As a ix)li- tician he is a prominent Democrat. At present he is devoting his attention to the breeding of PoUed-Angus cattle. Among his slock he has three thoroughbreds, one of which cost him $600 cash. This is a male, three years old, and weighs 1,450 pounds. The cow is of the same age and origin and is worth a similar sum. He recently sold a one-year-old male for $400, which is from prime stock. He is of opinion that the Angus breed is the best adapted to this country, they being of a very hardy nature. Mr. Mount is in ever)- sense of the word a gen- tleman, straightfonvard and ever ready to e.xtend a helping hand in any good cause. He has a host of solid friends, who consider him in the light of an ex- cellent host, and will doubtless remember him into the far future. '<«aei2/S-^'*— ^^^ P — >./gi~a.OT»»v. HUBk ^^*™ Newbanks, of Cedar Township, has *"** followed the calling of a stone and brick mason and plasterer for more than 40 years, until within the last 15 years, during which time he has identified himself with farming. He is the possessor of 190 acres of land, 160 acres of which are situated in Warren County, the remaining 30 being within section 29, Cedar Township. On the latter 30 acres he has a very fine residence, and a substantial dwelling-house on his land in Warren County, two miles southwest from the city of Monmouth. Mr. Newbanks was born in County Tyrone, Ire- land, Dec. 25, 1822, and was consequently a Christ- mas gift to his parents. He came to America in 1845, landing at New York City, October 10, where he remained until 1855 and then came to Warren County, where he bought the land before referred to. This formerly belonged to A. T. Stewart, of New York City, who was even at that date one of the largest dry goods dealers in the United States. In exchange for this land, Mr. Newbanks traded a house and lot in New York City with Mr. Stewart, the lat- ter giving him $1,000 cash, together with the i6o acres. Mr. Newbanks married Miss Margaret Reynolds, in 1843, she being a native of County Antrim, Ire- land. This good lady and excellent mother died the 20th of May, 1858. By their union there were five children — Robert, Samuel, William, John and Mar- garet J. Samuel died in infancy. On the 26th of July, 1868, Mr. Newbanks was again married, this time to Elizabeth Ingram, a native of Clear Creek ^ Township, Ashland County, Ohio. Her birth took place on Aug. 20, 1839, and she remained with her parents until her 29th year. She came with her par- ents to Galesburg, in the fall of 1856, when in her 1 6th year. Her parents were James and Margaret (Buchan) Ingram, both natives of Scotland. In that countryher father was born, in Invernesshire, in the year 1814. He is still living and resides in Ring- gold County, Iowa. His wife, a lady of estimable character, was born Nov. 12, 1819, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and they were married July 20, 1837, the ceremony taking place in Ohio. By this marriage there were eight children— Elizabeth Matthews, Jane, Susan, John, Jatnes, Helen L., Harriet G. and James R. The parents of this good lady were Old-School Presbyterians, and her father was by calling a stone mason. The present family are members of the United Presbyterian Church, where they are both held in high esteem. In politics, Mr. Newbanks is a firm Republican. .\mong the farm stock of Mr. Newbanks are to be found two head of Galloway cattle, the male of which is two years old. In the near future Mr. N. expects to turn his attention more particularly to the breed- ing of this class of stock. These good people, being -H- f4- ■^ 37 » KNOX CO UNI Y. X childless, have adopted a little girl named Harriet Elizabeth. She came to their house when only four weeks old. The only daughter and youngest mem- ber of Mr. Newbanks' family by his first wife is Margaret Jane. She was born in Burlington, Iowa, May 20, 1855, and married William Cooper, Feb. 18, 1875. Mr. Cooper is a native of Ireland, being born in County Tyrone, Dec. 25, 1S50, and is now resid- ing in Monmouth Township. By this happy mar- riage there are three children — Charles P., born May 4, 1876; Maggie May, born Jan. 29, 1880, and Lillie M., Aug. 4, 1882. Mr. Cooper is a stone .mason, but also possesses 40 acres of fine land in Warren County, and 160 acres more or less im- proved, in Wilson County, Kan. Mr. Newbanks is a member in good standing of the A. F. & A. M. In his lodge he is considered a Mason of good judgment and a lover of the fraternity, and a man whose sympathies are always on the side of every good cause. It is a satisfaction to the pub- lishers to be able to present a view of this gentle- man's home in this volume. Ijjj eter Gordon. Kno.x County is the abiding 15; place of many citizens who, for innate worth feSi^ and native force of character, are a credit to her, and prominent among these may be found the gentleman of whom we write, a re- tired farmer, living on section 12, of Copley Township. He stands high in the community as a man of solid and substantial character, and holds dif- ferent offices in his township, having been Road Com- missioner for some length of time, and is a School Director, laboring faithfully in the interests of educa- tion. Mr. Gordon was born in Creetown, Scotland, May 19, 1819. His parents were James and Jane (Her- on) Gordon, both of Scotland. They were farmers by occupation, and their family consisted of four children — Peter, Margaret, Alex, and David. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon died in 1854 and 1857 respectively. The subject of our narrative spent the years of his life up to his majority on the home farm, and at- tended school. In 1840 he emigrated to America with the high hopes and eager ambition of early youth, with the one idea of making himself a name and a home. Landing in New York, he came by the way of the lakes to Chicago. Frojii that city he came to Knox County and settled on section 10, of Copley Township. Here he purchased 40 acres of prairie land, on which he built a log house 16x20 feet, and there lived for six years. To his first purchase he added by degrees 560 acres, and continued to reside on this until 1885. He has at the present time 890 acres of land, and has given to his four children 160 acres each. In 1885 he built a handsome residence in Victoria, where he now lives. He was married March i, 1845, to Mary Ann Mc- Dowell Tait, who was born Jan. 24, 1814. She is the daughter of John and Anna (Livingston) Mc- Dowell, natives of Scotland. Her father came to America in 1839, and settled in Copley Township, on section 14. In 1867 he died, the mother having pre- ceded him in 1824, taking her departure from this life in Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon have a family of six chil- dren, four of whom are living — James, Elizabeth M.,' Alexander H. and .^Ibinus N. James married Mar- garet McQuarrie; Elizabeth M. is the wife of William Robson, and is the mother of one child,V: named Percy E. ; Alexander is the husband of Mary Olmsted, and they have four children, as follows: Arthur, Lizzie E., John H. and James P.; Albinus N. married Miss Emma Smith, who has borne him two children — Peter T. and Leroy S. Mrs. Gordon by her first marriage had a family of four sons, namely, John, William F., Peter G. and Houston P. These have all acted nobly in defense of their country, enlisting in the War of the Rebellion in 1862, and giving all they had to give in that noble cause. Peter G., who had become Lieutenant, was killed at the battle of Nashville ; John was wounded at Dallas and died at Chattanooga, from the effects of his wounds; the other two returned to their home when the war was over, with gratitude for the boon of their lives, but with sadness for the two who had perished in the great struggle which robbed so many households of husband or father, brother or son. The four brothers all enlisted in Co. G, 89th 111. Vol. Inf ; Col. Hotchkiss was the commander. Mr. William Tait, the deceased husband of Mrs. Gordon, died in 1S43, at his home on section 16, in Copley Township. William Tait, Jr., is a physician at Galesburg, and was married to Miss RhodaSperry, a native of Oneida County, N. Y. To them have \ <-h JS'NOX COUNTY. ^-^ 373 been born two children, both living — May J. and Margaret M. Houston P. united in wedlock with Mary Levalley, a native of Knox County, and they are the parents of one child — Annie J. Mr. Gordon is Repulilican in politics and an im- portant factor in his community, and, with his wife, is a working member of the Presbyterian Church. harles W. Harrison. Standing out in bold relief on the records of Kno.v County is the name of our subject, who is a farmer, residing on section i, Copley Township, and fwho, for enterprise and energy, has no supe- rior. Possessed of that " push" which is the larger element in the success of a life, he has made his way despite many drawbacks, and stands high above the trivial crosses and losses of the world. Mr. Harrison was born in Ohio, May i6, 1837. His parents, Alfred and Margaret (Cherington) Har- rison, were natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively. They were engaged in tiie retired and peaceful vo- cation of farming, "shut in from the world outside," and to their home came seven children, our subject being the third in order of birth. He remained at home until the age of 27, working on the farm and attending school. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. K, of Col. A. C. Harding's regiment of Illinois Volunteers, which was afterward commanded by Col. Smith, now Judge of the Circuit Court of Kno.v County, and was in the army three years. He was engaged in the second battle of Fort Donelson and was Com- missary Sergeant of Co. K, and at the expiration of his term of service was honorably discharged. He came to Illinois with his father in 1855, and settled in Copley Township, on section 24, where the latter died in 1866. His mother died in Ohio in 1846. At the close of the war Charles W. returned to Illinois and lived on the old homestead until 1868. He then purchased the farm of t6o acres where he now lives, and in 1869 moved onto the same. This he has improved and cultivated, fencing and modern- izing and making it convenient and desirable. In 1869 he was united in marriage with Miss Kllen Knapp, a native of Copley Township, and to them were born two children — Charles C. and Kliza N. Mrs. Harrison died in April, 187 i, and Mr. Har- rison contracted a second marriage, Nov. 8, iJS^, with Miss Laura L. Hankins, daughter of Jeremiah and Polly A. (O'Neil) Hankins. She was born in Mc- Donough County. Her parents were natives of Indiana and Kentucky, and came to Illinois in 1835, settling in Brown County. The father engaged in the lottery business and employed a large number of men ; as it was the first enterprise of the kind in that section, it created something of a " boom." He finally sold out his business and moved to Mercer County, where he entered upon mercantile pursuits and was thus engaged for two years. He next went to Galva, where he engaged in hardware business, and in 1871 went to Macomb, and pursued the same calling in which he had been engaged at Galva. He still resides at Macomb, where he is a leading bus- iness man and a substantial citizen. Mrs. Harrison taught school eight years. She was a graduate of the class of 1866 at Galva. Mr. Harrison, in politics, is a Republican, and has held the office of Road Commissioner in the town where he lives. Both himself and wife are useful and con- sistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the doctrines of which faith they zealously uphold, having gained possession of the " pearl of great price." By his marriage with his second wife Mr. Harrison has had one child, named Bertha. #-# ^3f' dwin G. Deuel. Prominent among the ^^G practical farmers and worthy citizens of '■if^^^^ Knox County may be named the subject of °' " this biographical notice, who is a resident of Salem Township. His home lies on section 20, and his success in the vocation he has adopted has been most flattering. He has erected a fine set of frame buildings upon his farm, furnished with all modern conveniences, and has beautified the residence grounds with trees and shrubbery. Mr. Deuel was born in Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 18, 1843. His father, Joseph E. Deuel, is a native of New York State. The latter was a pioneer of Ful- ton County, coming as early as 1837 to this part of the State, and later locating in Salem Township, Knox County, in 1840. There he lived until 1868, when he returned to Fulton County and remained until 1883. At that date he removed to California, "T :^A^ --a 374 KNOX COUNTY. ^ settling at Santa Anna, Los Angeles County. He has a small fruit farui in that Slate, but lives a retired life, enjoying the results of past years of labor. Mrs. Deuel was Clarissa Porter, a native of New York State. The subject of our sketch made his home with his parents until he attained to years of discretion, at- tending the district school and working on the farm. He thus gained a fairly good and practical educa- tion. He was united in marriage Feb. i, 1 871, to Mrs. Salome Hoijpins, nee Skeels, who was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1842, and is the daughter of Alanson and Naomi (Phillips) Skeels. After their marriage they located on the farm he now occupies and owns, and to which he has bent every endeavor to make it a bright and handsome abiding place. Evidences of his thrift are seen on every hand, and he has proven himself an industrious and wortliy citizen. He is an active member of Farming- ton Lodge, No. 192, A. F. & A. M.; politically he is a Democrat in sentiment, and supports and votes with that party. A view of the beautiful home of Mr. Deuel is given in connection with this biography. I ^l^^l osiah Nelson One of the old pioneers of 'H^^jf- Knox County, who yet lives to tell of the ll^^i^trials and hardships through which the early settler passed while attempting to establish a home for himself and family in this county, is Josiah Nelson. He came here in March, 1838, from Louisiana, and made settlement on section 2, Elba Township, where he has since lived. Thus we see that for nearly 50 years Mr. Nelson has lived in Elba Township, and we further state that during this lengthy period of time he has been closely iden- tified with the agricultural development of that por- tion of the county. Mr. Nelson is the owner of nearly 600 acres of productive land in Elba Town- ship, and in his chosen vocation has met with that success which energy and perseverance, backed up by good judgment, are sure to bring. Josiah Nelson was born in Huntingdon County, Pa., June 25, 181 6, and is the son of John and Catherine (Homniar) Nelson. The father was of Irish descent, and the mother of German ancestry. He was born at Valley Forge, in 1772, and distinctly recollected seeing George Washington while he was encamped with his army at Valley Forge, in 1778. Both the parents lived and died in Pennsylvania. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Nelson was a sol- dier in the War of the Revolution, and was from Hesse-Cassel, Germany. After his arrival in this country, and learning the true cause of the rebellion of the colonies against Great Britian, he abandoned the army. He was an educated man — in fact, was fresh from the college in his native State. He en- tered the ministry and preached during the remainder of his life. He died in Huntingdon County, Pa. When our subject was 12 years of age he began work- ing in the iron mines in his native State, and con- tinued to labor in them during tlie remainder of the time that he was a resident of that State. From there he went to West Virginia, where he engaged in the same occupation at which he had labored in Pennsylvania, and also in boating on the Ohio River. The hard times and stress of money matters during the panic of 1837 led Mr. Nelson to go to Louisiana," where he w-as occupied in getting out wood for steamers which plied the Mississippi River, and where he remained from that fall until the spring of^ 1838. He fell in with a Kentuckian by the name of McLaughlin, who told liim that money was plenty in Illinois, which was not the case in Louisiana, and he J was therefore induced to leave Louisiana for the Prairie State. He made his way to this county and settled, as stated, in Elba Township. Mr. Nelson was married at Kno.xville, June i, 1841, to Margaret King, daughter of John and Mary (Tucker) King, natives of Pennsylvania. Her father died in Peoria County, this State, and her mother in Elba Township, Feb. 16, 1869. Mrs. Nelson was born in Richland County, Ohio, March 15, 1819, and has borne her husband eight children, who are named Mary, Caroline, John H., Jane T., OHver P., George W., Martha A. and William W. John ac- cidently shot himself in March, 1867, the wound causing his death. Mr. Nelson, during the years he has been a resident of this county, has held the office of Highway Commissioner, and in politics is identified with the Republican party. Of the chil- dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, Mary became the wife of John Tucker, a resident of Peoria County, and their household has been gladdened by the birth of nine children, named Emma, Margaret, Dolly A., John A., Minnie, Clem, Caroline, Celia and Elmer. OF THE L.IIVERSITY OF ILLINr-j Residence of W" G00LD,5ec.14 SALEM TOWNshtp. f KNOX COUNTY. 377 Caroline Nelson, wife of P. V. R. Dafoe, is a resi- dent of Nebraska, and their two children are Albert and Frank. Jane T. married Elida Parish, who is a resident of Iowa, and they have become the parents of nine children— John M., Dora B., Peter J., Min- nie, Mary, George, Etta, Bertha and Elmer A. Oliver P. Nelson selected as his companion in life Elizabeth J. Oberholtzer, and they live in Truro Township and have five children, namely, Josiah, Nellie M., Lloyd, Louisa J. and Nettie A. George W. Nelson and Miss Lucy J. Cole became life part- ners and are living in Elba Township, their union hanng been blessed by the birth of five children — John, Etta, ^Largaret, Nora and Addie. Martha A. Nelson and Frank Cole were united in the holy bonds of matrimony, and live on a farm in Truro Township, their household having been increased by the birth of three children, named Mary A., Maud and Lemuel. William W. Nelson is a resident of Elba Township, unmarried, and is engaged in mercantile pursuits in the village of Eugene. Harry Nelson married Emma Tucker, and they have one son, which makes the subject of this sketch and his wife great-grand- parents. . James C. McMurtry is a prominent res- ,^ ident of Kno.x County, on section 3, of .'• Jsy "^ Henderson Township. He first came with rhis parents to Knox County in tSzg, they ha\-ing previously resided in Crawford Count} , Ind., where the subject of this history was bom, Feb. 3, of the same year. (See sketch of Hon. Wm. McMurtry.) Since the time referred to, with the e.xception of the period he spent in a'tending school, he has been a continuous resident of this township Up to his 18th year he resided at his father's home, when he went to Galesburg and attended Kno.x Col- lege for three years, and then proceeded to Schenec tady, N. Y., and attended the Union College for one year. He first graduated in 1852, when he succeeded in securing his diploma. Returning to Knox County, he re-commenced his medical studies under the di- rection of Dr. Joseph Henderson, with whom he re- mained three years, attending, in the interim. Rush Medical College, in Chicago. At this institution he subsequently graduated, doing great credit to his own efforts and the careful teaching of his preceptors. Returning to Henderson Township, he began the practice of his profession, which he has successfully pursued since the date referred to. •■\side from his profession, he has a very desirable farm of 330 acres, three-fourths of which is tillable land. In Warren County, 111., on the 9th of June, 1855, the Doctor manied Miss Caroline Nelson, of Attica, N. Y. Her birthday occurred on March 20, 1835. By this marriage there have been five children — James W., Franklin H., Susan H., Caroline and Mary. To the great grief of his parents, Franklin died when he was five years old; James W. is a resi- dent of Peoria, 111. ; and the other children are at- tending college at Galesburg. The subject of our history is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, whom the brethren hold in the highest esteem. He belongs to Hiiam Lodge, No. 26, at Henderson, of which he has been Master for twenty-two years ; to Horeb Chapter, No. 4, and Galesburg Commandery, No. 8. Politically he has always identified himself with the Republican party, by whose principles he has stood firmly through its varjing fortunes and solid suc- cesses. He is also Grand Marshal of the Masonic Grand Lodge, a post he has held for several years. In his Chapter he has held all of the different offices, includmg also that of Grand High Priest of Illinois, in 1878. He is also a member of Henderson Lodge, No. 156, I. O. O. F., and has from time to time held all the offices of that Lodge. .Apart from the standing the Doctor's family have always maintained in Knox County, his own charac- ter and geniality of disposition have been sufficient to win to his side the good fellowship and universal commendation of the communities in which it has been his lot to move. The Doctor is what is known as " a jolly good fellow " and a thorough gentleman. lUiam H. FarseU. .Among those who have made agriculture their vocation through life, and who through their own indomita- ^y ble energ>- and perseverance have succeeded in their calling, is the gentleman whose name heads this notice. Mr. Parsell came to this county in the spring of 1867, from Peoria County, this State, and made settlement on section 378 KNOX COUNTY. ^ ¥ 35, Elba Township. There he purchased So acres of uncultivated land, and has subsequently added thereto an additional 40 acres. This land he has brought to a high state of cultivation, has a good, substantial residence upon it, and is meeting with far more than ordinary success in his independent call- ing. Mr. Parsell was born in Elm wood Township, Peoria County, this State, March 13, 1841. He re- ceived an education in the common schools of his native county, and there lived and labored on the farm, developing into manhood. He continued to re- side in his native county until coming here, with tlie exception of the three years he spent in fighting for the Union. He enlisted at the very beginning of the late Civil War. in September, 1861, in Co. B, 8th Mo. Inf., and for three years did valiant service for his country. In May, 1862, while before Corinth, he received a wound in the left leg, in consequence of which he was detached to do duty at the military post-office, at Fort Pickering. He returned to his regiment just prior to the battle of Mission Ridge, and while participating in the same received another wound, in the thigh, by a piece of shell striking him, and consequently, being incapacitated for service, he received an honorable discharge Sept. 21, 1864. The marriage of Mr. Parsell took place at Gales- burg, Nov. 22, 1865, at which time Miss Caroline, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of Squire J. and Mary (Pugh) Dixon, natives of Ohio, became his wife. Her parents emigrated from the latter State to Peoria County in 1850, and there her father died Feb. 18, 1851. Her mother still survives. Their union was blessed by the birth of five children — Emeline, Caroline, Elizabeth, Harrison and Riley. Mrs. Parsell was born in Preble Co , Ohio, Sept. 15, 1844, and was only six years of age when her par- ents moved to Peoria County. Mr. and Mrs. Parsell have had three children — Har- lan B., Albert and Lura. Albert died of diphtheria, June I, 1883, when 13 years of age. Both heads of the family are members of the Universalist Church, and in politics Mr. Parsell is a stanch Republican. The parents of our subject were Joseph and Heitie A. (Ralston) Parsell, natives of Hamilton County, Ohio. They moved to Peoria County, this State, in 1839, and made settlement in what is now Elmwood Township, where the good mother and loving wife died April 17, 1850. The father died at the resi- dence of Walter Bailey, in this county, Jan. 13, 1880. The children were 11 in number, and named James, Susan, Eliza A., George, John R., Richard, Harriet L., Joseph, William R., Sarah J., Garret H. and Het- tie H. The subject of this notice has passed the en- tire years of his life in agricultural pursuits, and is still following that vocation on his fine place on sec- tion 35, and meeting with success. A view of Mr. Parsell's home and its surroundings will be found among our illustrations. lexander O. Donason. The gentleman of whose life we give a brief sketch in the fol- lowing biography was a farmer on section 10, Maquon Township, where he met with success in the prosecution of the same until his death, which occurred Oct. 6, 1880. Alex. O. came to Knox County with his grand- parents when he was about six years of age, emigrat- ing from Belmont County, Ohio. His grandfather, whose name was Alfred P. Weeden, located in Haw Creek Township, our subject continuing to make his J home with him until he attained the age of 12 years, t at which time he engaged to work by the month for Benona Simpkins for seven years. From the date of our subject's arrival, in 1840, in Knox County, until the period of his demise — with the exception of one year spent in Ohio — he resided in this county. He was born in Belmont County, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1834. His first purchase of land was made in Maquon Township, consisting of 80 acres located on section 10. Upon this place he erected a good and substantial brick dwelling, accompanied by necessary and convenient out-buildings, and at the time of his death was the proprietor of 400 acres of prime land, 320 of which was under a most excel- lent state of cultivation. Alexander O. Donason took to wife in Maquon Township, March ir, 1S55, Miss Ann M., daughter of Nathan and Calista (Loomis) Barbero, who were natives of New York. (Mrs. D. is a sister of the wife of J. M. McGirr. See sketch.) The parents of Mrs. D. came to Knox County in 1839 and settled in Maquon, where they resided until the father's death, Jan. I, 1885. The mother still survives him (see sketch). They had a family of four children — Ann M., Lodema, Henry and John J. Mrs. Donason '-h.!^ -. k % t> KNOX COUNTY. 379 was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., June 9, 1833, and she is the mother of seven children, namely : Nathan, Jack, Calista G., Charles, Fred, Frank and Katie. Jack Donason married Minnie Sylvester, and they live in Nebraska ; Charles married Ada D. Simpkins, and their home is in Maqiron Township; Calista G. is the wife of Samuel Love, and they re- side in Maquon Township ; she has borne her hus- band three children — Florence, Lodema and John- nie, of whom Florence and Lodema are deceased. Mr. D. of this notice died at Eureka Springs, Ark., where he had gone for his health, Oct. 6, i88o. He was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Maquon Lodge, No. 530. Mr. Donason received a common-school educa- tion, which was supplemented by a term at Lombard University, Galesburg. He served his township as Supervisor and also held several minor offices. In his ixjlitical views he took sides with the Greenback party. He was a good neighbor and his loss was felt by the community in which he had taken such an active part to further the growth and development of his township. 4-^ - fi^SenJaniin Brooks ShaflFer is a retired citi- ;- LS3^ zen of Yates City, and figures prominently ^r S^r^ among the men of substantial worth in T' Kno-\ County. He was born in Lycoming County, Pa., Oct. 5, 1814, and his father, James Shaffer, was a native of New Jersey. Our subject's grandfather, Henry Shaffer, was a na- tive of Germany. He was in his 17th year when, unac- companied with his parents, he came to America and settled in New Jersey. There he learned the trade of a tanner, which he followed for a number of years, removing to Lycoming County, Pa., about 1800, rent- ing land and engaging in farming. Previous to the War of 18 1 2, he visited the State of Ohio, where he bought a tract of land in Delaware County, and as it possessed a stream which promised abundant water power, he erected a grist-mill on it, which was one of the first in that section. His sons had made the first im- provements previous to the War of 1812, but he did not move with his family until after its close. Ac- cumulating a large property, which he modernized and improved, he made it his home until called away - ^ by death. He was twice married, his first wife, grand- mother of our subject, being Mary Miller, of German descent and American birth. She died in Lycoming County, Pa., prior to the removal to Ohio. The father of B. B. Shaffer was a boy in liis teens when his patents removed to Pennsylvania. Prior to the War of 1812, he in company with an older brother, William by name, went to Ohio to improve tlie father's property, making all those alterations previously s|X)ken of. While there he served in the war, being one of a party of eight that went down the river to carry important dispatches to Gen. Har- rison. He figured in the battle of Ft. Meigs, and was active in some im|wrtant engagements in the strug- gle. L) 1813, he returned to Pennsylvania and lx)ught land in what is now Clinton County, which he engaged in clearing and cultivating. He remained in that section of country until his demise. The father there built two mills, a grist and saw mill; the first was a good one and is still in operation. t The maiden name of his wife was Margaret Brooks, 1 ! of Bucks County, Pa. Her father, Benjamin Brooks, I was an Englishman ; also an early settler in Lycom- | ing County. James Shaffer was the father of a fara- ^ ily of 15 children, ten sons and five daughters, all of wliom married and reared families, and nine of whom are still living. Our subject was the fourth child and third son in this family. He grew to manhood in his native county, working on the farm during the summer sea- son and lumbering the remainder of the year. He was married Nov. 6, 1838, to Elizabeth Caldwell, of the same county, and remained a resident of Clinton County until 1856, when he came to Illinois. Pur- chasing 160 acres in Truro Township, he began its cultivation, adding, in the meantime, to his first pur- chase on section 27, until he became the owner ot 640 acres of land. Living there until 1870, he re- moved to Yates City, where he bought the residence he now occupies. Mrs. Sliaffer departed this life in May, 1849, leav- ing four children as follows: William, deceased; James A., who lives in Truro Township (see sketch) ; Sarah J., wife of Finley Westfall, who resides in Yates City; and Franklin, living at Summit. Mr. S. was re-married June 6, 1853, to Phoebe Hess, of Clinton County, of German and English extraction. Having lost her by death, his last matrimonial alli- ance was consummated May 4, 1873, with Mary J., C-J ^> 380 XJV^OX COUNTY. daughter of William and Mary Hale (Mann) Darby, of Genesee County, N. Y. The date of her birth was July 25, 1827. Her father was a native of Vermont, and her mother was born in Orford, N. H., and be- longed to the families of Mann and Hale, whose names are prominently connected with the history of New England. This was Mrs. Shaffer's third mar- riage. She first became a wife Feb. 25, 1850, uniting with Cornelius T. Bradley, who died Oct. 16, 1851. Her second alliance, with M. L. Knowlton Huso, was celebrated Feb. 21, 1853, in Fulton County, 111.; he died at Elmwood. Mrs. Shaffer, in religious belief, is a Congregationalist, of which church she is a mem- ber, and her husband is a Methodist. On her mother's side her great-grandfalher was a native of Massachusetts, and was one of the pioneers of Orford, to which place he removed from Massachusetts in early times, both he and wife riding one horse, after the manner of those times. He was a man of fine endowments. Of this union there were born 12 sons ' and three daughters, who were an honor and credit to their parents, becoming worthy men and women, some of them adopting professions. The family was originally from County Kent, England, and came over at an early period, priortothe Revolution. Politically he was a Democrat, but now he is a Greenbacker and Prohibitionist. ■*3=H=«i et- lamesM. Foster. There are many success- if ful and well-to-do farmers in Knox County, and Maquon Township certainly has its quota. Among those who have attained suc- jt cess in life through perseverance and deter- mination is the subject of this sketch, residing on section 28, Maquon Township, where he is fol- lowing his chosen vocation, agriculture. He came from Fulton County, in March, 1833, settling in Ma- quon Township where he purchased a tract of land and upon which he has since resided. He is at the present time proprietor of 180 acres of improved and valuable land. Mr. Foster came to Fulton County in September, 1830. He served during the Black Hawk War in the command of Gen. Stillman, and un- der Capt. Asa F. Ball. He is one of the first set- tlers in this township, only four others having pre- ceded him. James M. Foster, of whom we write, was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Jan. 2, 1808, and when he was about six years of age his parents removed to Indiana, where he lived until September, 1830. In that year he came to Fulton County, remaining there until his removal to Knox County. Our subject was married in Maquon Township on June 13, 1841, to Eliza Combs, a native of Ohio. She bore her husband two children — Henry C. and Harriet. The latter was the wife of J. E. Foster, and a resident of Maquon Township, until her death, which occurred March 25, 187 i. Henry C, now a resident of lona, married Mary F. Osborne, and they became the parents of five children — Hattie, Eliza M., Elizabeth, Rosa L. and William H. The first wife of our subject died March 25, 1847. He was again married Sept. 17, 1848, the lady of his choice being Miss Louisa Roads, who was born in High- land County, Ohio, March n, 1826. They have ' been blessed by the birth of six children, named as follows : Barbara E., John M., Harvey, Carey A., James M., Jr., and lambia. Barbara is the wife ofV| A. J. Suadley, and they reside in Maquon Town- ship (see sketch). John M. married Martha A. Tay- lor, and resides in Nebraska. They are the parents of three children, the two elder being Everton M. and Myrtie M. Harvey resides in Maquon Township. Carey married Alice P. Dolton, and they are at pres- ent residing in Missouri. Four children have come to brighten their family circle, the three elder being ■ Verniece E., Eddie L. and Minnie V. I. James M., Jr., took to wife Julia L. Hunter, and they are re- siding in Maquon Township. One child, Althea M., has blessed their union. lambia Foster resides at home. Mr. Foster has been Supervisor of this township, and was a member of the first Board of Supervisors. He has also been honored by the offices of School Trustee and Director and Highway Commissioner. Mrs. Foster is a devoted and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics our subject is a firm supporter of the Republican party. The parents of Mr. Foster of this notice, Zebulon and Elizabeth (Wingate) Foster, were natives of New York and New Jersey respectively. They were married and settled in Ohio, removing thence to In- diana, where the mother died. The father of our OF THE i::!VERSITY OF ILUN7J3 m:/L. /^ ^^ what they have of this world's goods bytheir l^i^> own energy and perseverance, is the subject Iv^ of this notice. He is and has been since J ' his residence here closely identified with the agricultural development of the county, and his suc- cess as a financier is attested by the handsome com- petency of which he is the possessor. Mr. Snider was born in Clermont County, Ohio, Nov. 4, 1835, and is a son of Abram and Elizabeth (Myers) Snider. His parents were born in Pennsyl- vania and were of German descent. William was orphaned by the death of his parents, which occurred in 1848, by cholera, in the latter part of August and first of September, when 1 1 years of age, and was brought up to the occupation of a farmer in the home of strangers. He received such education as was to be acquired in the common schools of the locality at that time, and there he developed into manhood. September 14, 1856, he became a benedict by unit- ing his destiny with that of Miss Angelina C. Har- vey, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Leming) Harvey, who was born in the same county as him- self. The same year, in company with his bride, he left Ohio for the rich prairie lands "of Illinois, making the trip overland by team, and arrived at Abingdon October 17, of that year. He immediately engaged in his chosen vocation, farming, in Chestnut Town- ship, where he purchased 80 acres of land, 20 of which was timber, and continued to follow that call- ing in the locality named, until the spring of 1864, when he moved into the city of Abingdon. Prior to this, however, in 1862, he engaged in the stock bus- iness and has made that one of the main branches of his vocation in life, having handled as high as 150 cars of stock a year. In this branch there is probably no other gentleman in Kno.\ County who has done more business than he, and in which he still continues. Like many others, Mr. Snider came to the county in straitened circumstances, but, although poor in [wcket, he was rich in energy and perseverance. Mr. Snider is the proprietor of a fine farm of 256 acres of land, under an advanced state of cultivation, located one mile east of Abingdon, in Indian Point Township, and another four miles southeast, consisting of 160 acres, making in all 416 acres. He is an energetic, shrewd, business man, and is an acknowledged authority on live-stock. Mr. Snider i\as made his residence in Abingdon since 1875, from which place he superintends the cultiva- tion of his farms, and where he is one of the leading, representative citizens. In (xilitics he votes with the Republican party, and he is a member of the County Central Committee. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Snider joined the I. O. O. F. in 1864, of which society he is a member at this writing. There were eight children in the family of the elder Snider, all of whom are living. All but one are , married and have families, and all live in Ohio. •^\n/\u-nulSlQf%^^ .^,5!.'OT7r»v. -v/w^ P. Parsons, deceased Nov. 4, 187 i , arrived t with liis wife and one child in Kno.x Coun- ty and first took up his residence in Knox- ville, where he remained six months. Removing subsequently to Henderson Township, he lived here, with the exception of 15 months, up to the date of his death. During the short period named he resided in Galesburg. His farm consisted of 189 acres of good land, which he always took a special pride in, directing his farm operations per- sonally. The marriage of Mr. Parsons with Lucia M. Still- rnan took place in Carthage, Hancock Co., 111., on the (oth of September, 1844. She was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 2, 1827, and was the daugh- ter of Jason and Harriet (Seymour) Stillman, and was the oldest of a family of three : Frances M. became the wife of Lester Russell, who is now de- ceased ; she was again married to Franklin Neff, who is also deceased; by the latter marriage six children were born. Charles married Elizabeth NefT, and they have a large family of children. The parents of Mrs. Parsons were natives of Connecticut ^-1- --f- 384 KNOX COUNTY. and of English origin. The father died in 1839, in New York State. The demise of the mother oc- curred about 1865, in the Territory of Utah. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons were the parents of six children — Hattie L., Jennie M., Lucia M., John C, Annie and Mary E. Hattie L. is the wife of David Coe, and resides in Dayton, Cass Co., Mo.; by this marriage there are four children — Charles, Tillie, John and Robert. Jennie M. is now the widow of Moses E. Coe, and resides in Kankakee, 111. ; Mr. Coe died on the 8th of October, 1879, leaving one child — Frederick E. Lucia M. Parsons became the wife of Charles E. Redfield and lives in Galesburg Township; she has three children — Minnie ' J., Charles and Chester. John C. resides in Hender- son Township and his biography is given in another place; Annie resides in Galesburg; Mar)- E. is the wife of William X. Simpson, and resides at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; they liave one child — Ruth M. Mr. Parsons' birthplace was in Massachusetts, and he was born Dec. 25, 1823 (see sketch of Frank- lin Parsons for family history). His quiet but use- ful life and genial disjxjsiiion won for him a lasting and kindly remembrance on the part of those who knew and had dealings with him. We are pleased to be able to present his pleasant countenance among the portraits of other esteemed citizens of Knox County. j^oseph Clesson, one of Knox County's re- spected citizens and well-to do farmers, residing on section 26, Elba Township, was bom in Deerfield, Mass., Sept. 7, 1818. Mr. yi Clesson is a son of Joseph and Mehitabel \ (Stebbins) Clesson, natives of Massachusetts. The parents came to Shelby County, this State, away back in 1837, and there lived until theirdeath. Their children were nine in number, and Joseph was the second in order of birth. Joseph Clesson carae to this State with his parents and lived with ihem in Shelby County, until his re- moval to Peoria County. He resided in the latter county two years, when he moved here, and in the spring of 1855 made settlement in Elba Township, on the place where is at present residing. His life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits, and he is at present the owner of 80 acres of good and pro- ductive land, on which he has erected a comfortable residence, and in the prosecution of his most inde- pendent of all callings is meeting with success. Mr. Clesson was married in Shelby County, this State, in 1839, to Miss Mary Humphrey. She bore him one child — Mary — who died when two years of age. Mr. Clesson 's wife died in this county, and in 1843 he formed a second matrimonial alliance with Miss Elizabeth Humphrey, sister of his former wife, and a native of Ohio. Of the latter union, four children have been bom, named Melvina J., Barbara A., Nancy E. and Joseph H. ; the latter is deceased. Melvina is the wife of Samuel Patterson, a farmer of Elba Township; Barbara A. married Joseph J. Matthews, who is engaged in famiing in Salem Township; Nancy became Mrs. Albertus S. Codding and resides in Victoria Township. Mrs. Clesson died in Peoria County, Feb. i, 1853, and our subject was again married in Lowell, Mass., March 25, 1855, to HepsiaCarr,a native of Deering, N. H., and bom Feb. 22, 1815. Mr. and Mrs. Cles- son have an adopted son — Melva W. Clesson. Our subject has held some of the minor ofiBces of his < county, and in politics is a Democrat. He and his wife are- believers in the tenets of the Universalis! Church. ,ervin Hale Pease, one of Knox County's 1^^^ retired farmers, residing upon section 20, ^f; J <' Salem Township, was born in Starks- ■\ boro, Addison Co., Vt., Aug. 12, i8r4. His ^ father, Obed Pease, was born in Weston, Wind- I sor Co., Vt., 1787. The grandfather of our sub- ject, Ezekiel Pease, was a native of the Nutmeg State, and a descendant of Capt. John Pease, who hailed from Wales, and upon arrival in America set- tled in Massachusetts. Our subject's grandfather was one of the earliest settlers in Windsor and Addison Counties. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and died in Starksboro, where his remains now lie at rest. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native town. He was reared a Quaker, and received his education in the Quaker schools. The maiden name of his wife was Lydia Lamos, a native of New Hampshire. After his marriage he located upon a fami which he fell heir to at the death of his father, . ^LXl -^ '.r-*?- f^ KNOX COUNTY. and conlinued to reside there until 1839, when he sold out, and, accompanied by his wife and five chil- dren, came to Illinois. He had visited Knox County the year previous, and made a purchase of land on section 7, now included in Salem Township. The journey thither was quite round-about. He took a boat on Lake Champlain, thence via Champlain Ca- nal to Troy, thence via Erie Canal to Buffalo, then by the way of the lakes to Cleveland, across the State of Ohio to the river, and by way of the Ohio, Missis- sippi and Illinois Rivers to Peoria. After purchasing his land he returned to Vermont, making his journey in part on horseback, and the remainder in a sleigh. In the spring of 1839 he started with team and wagon overland to Knox County, and located on the f.-.nn he had purchased the year previous, living there until his demise in 1845. His beloved wife joined him in the land of the hereafter Nov. 25, 1863. The gentleman of whom we write was the second child and eldest son of his parents' family. He grew to manhood in his native town, and was reared in that most independent of all callings, agriculture. He also received his education in the Quaker schools. In 1838 he came to Illinois in search of a location, ac- companied by Philemon Stilson. They made the en- tire journey overland. He spent the winter in Salem Township, and in the following spring returned to Vermont, where, Oct. 31, 1842, he was married to Miss Lucinda M. Atwood. Miss Atwood was a native of Starksboro, Vt., and was born Nov. 9, 1 82 1. She is the daughter of Alnion and Amanda (Taylor) Atwood. Her father was a native of Monk- ton, Addison Co., Vt., and is the son of Paul Atwood, one of the pioneers of Addison County. Mr. Pease, our subject, previous to his marriage, had the misfortune to lose that most indispensable of the senses, eyesight, and in consequence became a lecturer. His discourses were usually in behalf of temperance, being delivered in various portions of the United States and Canada, lecturing in Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Maine and Canada. Previous to 1846, on the 2d day of April, he started, accompanied by his wife, for Illi- nois. The journey was made overland in a carriage, his wife assuming the responsible iKJsition of driver. This journey occupied tliree months, as Mr. Pease delivered lectures at various cities along the route. In the autumn of 1846 he purchased 80 acres of land located on section 20, Salem Township, to which they removed the following year. Our subject continued in the lecture field, doing effective work, for several years. Mr. Pease has dealt in real estate to a greater or less extent for many years, always with success, and is at present owner of 700 acres of good land, all of which is located in Salem Township. He still occu- pies the old homestead, known far and wide as " Pease Hill." There he resides, surrounded by all the comforts of an Eastern home. He has held several public positions, among them that of School Director and Superintendent; he has also been a member of the Grand Jury and Super- visor. Since the formation of the Republican party he has always voted that ticket. Four children have blessed the union of our sub- ject and wife, whose names are as follows: Melissa L.; Alberta L., who died at the age of 12 years; Amanda and Flora ; all deceased in infancy, with the exception of Amanda, who became the wife of Leroy Thompson, and died Oct. 4, 1880, at the age of 23 years ; she left one child, who died in early infancy. Our subject has always kept apace with the current events of the day, and but few men are better ix)sted than he. He has filled many ix>sitions of trust, and has represented his Township on the Board of Super- visors. X ohn W. Jarvis. Among the more influen- '^l^^iL" 113' citizens of Abingdon, who are promi- ^i'v' \\e.x\X for usefulness in the community, may k0£ be found the subject of this narration. He has, ^f since the year 1883, held the office of Justice of y* the Peace, to which he was elected by the peo- ple of his community, who saw in him a man fitted by educition and principle to dispense justice. Pre- vious to his election, he had been employed at his trade, that of shoemaker, with the e.xception of three years, during which interval he served as Collector of Cedar Township. At the time of his election as Justice of the Peace, he was apjwinted Town Clerk, which office he filled advantageously and agreeably to all concerned. Mr. Jarvis was born in Cecil County, Md., in 1833, and in younger manhood entered the conjugal slate with Sarah R. Way, daughter of Isaac and Sa- rah Way, and whose birthplace was in the State of 'J^L 386 XNOX COUNTY. ■♦— Hl-^ Maryland. Their nuptials were celebrated in that State, April 24, 1856. Mr. Jarvis is the son of Wal- ter and Ann (Allen) Jarvis, in whose care he went to Hartford County, Md. His mother died when he was three years of age. He was reared in that county to manhood. He entered in business for hiniself,work- ing at his trade until 1863, at which time he came to Abingdon, his present home. His father came to Knox County in 1856, and moved to Iowa and there died, in March, 1882. Two children have been added to the home of Mr. Jarvis, viz.: Mary F. and Charles W., the eldest of whom was born in Maryland, the younger in Abing- don. On coming to Abingdon, our subject engaged for a time at his trade, following it for some time, or until his appointment to his present ofifice, as previ- ously stated. He is a strong Republican in political sentiment and is largely interested in public and private affairs of State. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Abingdon. I [homas E. Jones is senior member of the ^ firm of T. E. Jones & Sons, of Oneida, r* popular dealers in meats, stock, etc. He came to this city in 1858 and established his present business, which he has successfully conducted. His sons, in connection with him, have operated also in grain and lumber for some time in this place, in which they arc yet engaged. One of them is connected with Metcalf Bros', hardware firm. Thomas E. Jones was born on Long Island, N. Y., in or about the year 1806, and is of American parentage and of English descent. His father, Pe- ter Jones, who was a farmer, took his family to Onei- da County, N. Y., where he died ; the mother, Ann (Walker) Jones, closing her life in the same place. She died when Thomas was but seven years of age, he being one of a family of ten children, including six sons, and he lived at home with his father, who was re-married, until he was of age, having received a good common-school education. Arriving at his majority, he entered upon the occupation of a farmer, at which he continued for 12 years in Oneida County, afterward becoming a stock or cattle dealer and run- ning a packing house in Ulica. In this latter call- ing he has been engaged almost ever since, doing business for many years on an extensive scale. His fair dealing with the public and his sterling honesty have given him a widespread reputation in Knox County, by the people of which he is highly re- spected. His industry and strict attention to business and his upright character have secured him a fair com- petency. His sons are personally interested in the advancing of their joint interests. Some of his cap- ital is invested in the West. Before leaving the State of New York he was mar- ried in Herkimer County, during the year 1844, to Julia A. Leonard; her parents being farmers, for- merly removed thence from Massachusetts, where she was born. Her father, Moses Leonard, was a sol- dier in the Revolutionary War. He lived to attain a ripe old age and was a prominent and respected citizen. Both himself and wife died in the county of Herkimer. Mrs. Jones was the mother of seven children, all of wjiom were living at the time of her decease, Nov. II, 1876. Of these, Caroline F. is at home; Char- lotte and Cornelia (twins), the former the wife of E. R. Proty, a grocery dealer, born and brought up in Oneida; the latter, Cornelia, is an artist and is at the head of the art department in the Female Semi- nary at Galesburg, where she is reputed to be highly talented ; Charles L. is married and resides in Hast- ings, Neb., where he owns and operates a stock ranch ; Arthur, also married, is a hardware merchant of Oneida; William H., married, is a stock-dealer in Holdridge, Neb. ; Emma is the wife of Albert Chase, who resides in Georgetown, Colo., Mr. Chase being surveyor of the gold and silver mines in that region. Three of the daughters were school teachers, a profes- sion which they adorned and in which they were re- markably successful. Mr. Jones was formerly a member of the Republican party, but nftw votes with and advocates the party of Temperance. Both he and his wife were members of the Congregational Churcli at Oneida, as he still is, and while the snows of many winters rest on the white locks encircling his brow, the light reflected from the long years of a well-spent life brightens and cheers his pathway to a better land, while the loving reverence of chil- V Residence of S. H. STUCK EY, secs. l a. 2 , walnut grove township. OF THE U-nVERSlTV OF ILU'' ' KNOX COUNTY. % 389 dren and the respect of his fellow citizens, with the blessed faith of the Gospel, are the comfort and sol- ace of his declining years. >ary A. Roberson. The subject of this biographical notice, whose home is situ- ated on section 17, Indian Point Town- 71-i^ ' > ship, is the widow of James Roberson, de- ceased. She is a lady whose strength of charac- ter and nobleness of purpose have borne heron- ward, though oftentimes she has felt the heavy hand of affliction. James Roberson, her late husband, was born Feb. 8, 182 1, in Barren County, Ky. When but 9 years of age he came with his mother to Woodford County, 111. In 1836 they came to Knox, and settled at Knowille, meeting Miss Mary A. Smith, who was born in Hart County, Ky., Dec. 20, 1841, a daughter of James and Margaret (Bishop) Smith; he was born in North Carolina, Feb. 15, 1806, and died May 8, 1879, in Alexander County, 111., and she March 23, 1804, and died April 20, 1878; they were married in 1825. The Smith family settled in St. Augustine, 111., in 1850. The brothers and sisters of Mrs. Roberson of this writing number, with her, 11 children, as follows: Hugh P., Oct. II, 1825; John B., born March 15, 1827; Sarah J, May 31, 1829; James M., March 24, 1830; WiUiam M., May 11, 1832; Newton, born May 7, 1834; Richard H., Feb. 12, 1836; Ignatius M., Jan. 18, 1839, and Rachel E., June 14, 1840 Amanda, born Dec. 7, 1843. The brothers and sisters of the deceased Mr. Rob- erson are as follows: John, born Dec. 17, 1814; Nancy, May 21, 181 7; Eliza, March 26, 1818; James, Feb. 28, 1821 ; William, Dec. 7, 1823; Tliomas, Feb. 25, 1829. These constituted the family circle. Mr. Roberson carried a surveyor's chain to lay out the road from St. Augustine by way of Abingdon to Knoxville. He had at the date of his death 168 acres of land, and had built thereon a nice, neat dwelling-house, with convenient out-buildings. He took an active interest in public matters, and was Democratic in principle and sentiment. His father was also a Democrat. He married Miss Mary A. Smith, Sept. 24, 1857. _ They have been the parents of seven children : Will- iam P., born May 28, i860; Luna F., April 19, 1861; Louisa M., July 13, 1862 ; James E., Jan. 7, 1864; Marion, April 2, 1S65, who died April 9, 1865 ; John T., March 19, 1866, and Clarence W., June 27, 1870. Mr. Roberson died Oct. 31, 1881. He was a highly respected citizen and a good neighbor. His death was widely mourned, as he had been always noteworthy for a quiet, peaceable life and highest integrity. He was an affectionate husband and father, and was never so happy as when in his quiet home circle. He departed in the full faith and assurance of that blessed hope in the bright hereafter. " Oh, grave, where is thy victory ?" Mrs Roberson does common fanning, and has succeeded well in her unusual venture. Siie has an interesting family of sons and daughters, three' of whom, with their mother, are consistent members, living beautiful and devoted lives as Christians, under the faith of the Christian Church. They take an active interest in the Sunday-school, and are 1 workers in all good and worthy enterprises. ^ ;|li|^j|ff' ames H. Nicholson. Throughout the en- jl^SlJc tire county of Knox one may see some of IS '' the best farms to be found in any section '€'2. of the State. A few short years ago these pro- Y ductive and fertile lands, with such magnifi- \ cent improvements uiwn them, were but an uncultivated tract of prairie land. It has required untold energy and perseverance to bring the county to its present agricultural condition. Not alone to the agriculturist, however, is the advancement of Knox County due, for the business men and men of means have done their share toward its upbuilding. As a represenative of both classes the name of James H. Nicholson stands prominently in the foreground. The subject of our sketch is the son of Nicho- las and Mary (Washburn) Nicholson, who were natives of Canada and Connecticut respectively. They were married and settled in what was then Middletown, Delaware County, N. Y., and after- ward removed to Allegany County, on the Genesee River, that State, where their lives terminated. Tiiey were of Irish and American ancestry respect- ively. The great-grandfather of our subject was ■^ ►"TJ 390 KNOX COUNTY. ++ stolen from Ireland by a ship captain, and brought to Canada. Our subject's parents had six children — Edward, Sarah, Elizabeth, James H., Hannah and Abel S. James H. Nicholson and his brother, Abel S., are the only surviving members of his parents' children. James H. was born on what was known as the " Hasbrouck Farm," located in Middletown, Dela- ware Co., N. Y , Aug. 8, 1808. His early life was spent on a farm, and his early education was re- ceived by attending the common schools during the winter season, he continuing at his labors on the farm during the summer. When he was 14 years of age he left the parental homestead and went to Philadel- phia with an acquaintance of his father, and remained there for one year, occupying his time meanwhile by attending school. Returning to the old home, he re- sided with his parents until 20 years of age, when his father removed to Allegany County, that State, and left our subject and a cousin in charge of the old farm in Delaware County, which they rented and culti- vated for five years. There was a saw-mill on the farm, which they operated during the fall and spring. Daring the spring of the fourth year af'.er his parents had left the farm, our subject went to Pliihidelphia with lumber, and during his absence the liouse where '' he and his cousin lived was destroyed by fire, and our subject lost all his clothing and household goods. He was not easily discouraged, and soon had a small shanty on the farm, but only remained there for a few months, when he removed to Allegany County, where his parents lived", and there purchased himself a farm. He was occupied in the latter county in ag- ricultural pursuits and lumbering for several years, and in 1842 came west to Knox County, where he located in Elba Township, on a tract of 60 acres on section 25, then known as Spoon River Precinct, which he had purchased two years previous, in 1840. He bought the land before he had seen it, and on his arrival here found there was no house within two miles of him. He nevertheless had faith in the fut- ure development of the country, and began to im- prove his land as opportunity would permit, and worked out for nearly two years by the month. At the expiration of this time he turned his entire atten- tion to the cultivation of his land. . In 1846 he erected a residence on the place and occupied the same until the fall of 1876, when he removed to his present fine residence, which was completed at that time, and here he is living at the present writing. His farm consists of 320 acres, all of which, with the exception of 20 acres, is under an advanced state of cultivation. Mr. Nicholson was first married in Allegany County, Nov. 24, 1834, to Sophia Franklin, born in Allegany County, N. Y., March 10, 1808. She bore our subject one child, which died the same day that its mother passed to tlie land of the hereafter, Nov. 12, 1835. The second marriage of our subject took place March 24, 1850, in Elba Township, and the lady was Miss Catherine King, born in Richland County, Oliio, Sept. i, 1826. She was the daughter of John and Mary (Tucker) King; they were natives of Ireland. She has borne our subject one child — ■ Mary S., who became the wife of Charles D. North, and to them were born five children — Adah C, Ralph N., Earl J., Carl C. and Harold E.; the latter is a farmer on section 25. Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and holds membership with Yates City Lodge, ' No. 448, A F. & A. M. In tlie summer of 1883 he formed a partnership with W. P. Parker and L. F. Waterman, for the purpose of conducting a banking ^ business at Yates City. He is also one of the stock- holders in the co-operative store at that place, and is connected with the Eureka Insurance Company, of Elba Township. In politics he votes with the Dem- ocratic party, and cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson, in 1828. He has held the office of Super- visor for a number of years, was Treasurer 15 years, Justice of the Peace 5 years. Assessor i year, and held all four of those offices at the same time. He and his wife are members of the Universalist Church. saac Morgan. Standing on section 8, of Chestnut Township, is the residence of an old veteran of the late war, the subject of this historical narrative, who enlisted with the 30th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf , the date of his enlist- ment being 1863, and the commander Col. Rhodes, of Macoupin County, 111. He belonged to the 2d Brigade, 2d Division of the 17th Corps of the Army of the Tennessee, and fought in the second battle of Nashville, Tenn., at Wyse's Fork, near Kingston, N. C, and also took part in several minor engagements. He was finally detailed to do guard -% ¥ ^^ KNOX COUNTY. 391 duty, having received no serious wounds, but the hardships through which he passed, the long marches, hunger and exposure to inclement weather combined, made deep inroads ujxjn his physical constitution, and to-day he suffers their effects. Mr. Morgan was born in Franklin County, Ind., Nov. 6, 1826, and in 1853 came to the State of Illi- nois. He was united in wedlock in 1S53, with Miss Ann Eliza Barber, also a native of Indiana, born April 29, 1S34. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan are the parents of eight children, as follows: Margaret J., Augustus, Weaver, Martha A., John VV., Octava, Mehitabel, Eli F., Robert M.; two died in infancy. Mr. Morgan is the possessor of 150 acres of excel- lent land, upon which is situated his comfortable residence. He is in delicate health, but draws a pension of $16 per ir.onth from the Government. He received an honorable discharge from the army June 18, 1S65, and was mustered out of service at Camp Butler, 111. He is a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 58, at Abingdon, and is a close adherent to the principles supported by the Republican party, always voting the straight ticket of that body. 1 ahlon McGirr. Everywhere throughout - boundaries of Knox County, look !.ich way you will from the center, one j-:^ \ can behold some of the finest farms to be '!' found in any township in this State. But a I few years ag~, where now we see these beauti- ful farms and splendid improvements, there was but one broad, uncultivated tract of prairie land. The wonderful advancement which the county has made during the last 50 years is, therefore, mainly due to the agricultural class. As a representative of this class, and a large land-owner as well as res|>ected and honored citizen and energetic follower of his chosen vocation, we take pleasure in mentioning the name of Mr. McGirr, who resides on section 12, Maquon Township. Our subject came to Knox County in the spring of 185 1, from Washington County, Ohio, making set- tlement in the village of Maquon, where he resided until the spring of 1858, when he located on his present fine farm, where he has since resided. He first purchased 80 acres of land, on which he made -H- his home, and he is now the proprietor of 427 acres of land, the greater part of which is under a high stale of cultivation. Mr. McGirr was born in Stark County, Ohio, the date thereof being June 20, tS2S. He was about 13 years of age when his parents emigrated to Wash- ington County. He had learned the trade of a blacksmith in his earlier years, which occupation he followed during his residence in Ohio, but on his arrival in Illinois he took up the trade of a carpenter until his settlement on his present fine farm. On May 12, 1853, at Maquon, Mr. McGirr was married to Sarah L. Barbero. She was born in the town of Allen, York State, April 30, 1835, and was nearly five years of age when she came with her par- ents to Knox County. To Mr. and Mrs. McGirr have been born six chil- dren, as follows: Thomas L., Rosa L., Nathan Henry, William L., Freddie B. and Mary L. Freddie died when ten years of age; Thomas L. is a lawyer, residing in Maquon; Rosa became the wife of Charles Nesbet, and they are at present residing at Chase County, Kan.; Nathan H. is a blacksmith and resident of Maquon (see sketch); William L. "^ and Mary L. still reside \x\x>n the old home farm. Mr. M. has held many of the minor offices of his township, and in politics he is a Republican. His parents were Thomas and Ann (Wildman) McGirr, natives of Maryland and Virginia respectively. They passed the greater portion of their married life in Ohio, where the father still survives, the mother dying in 1S72. The parents of Mrs. M., Nathan and Calista (Loomis) Barbero, were natives of York State, and came to Knox County about the year 1841. Mr. Barbero died at Maquon on the ist day of January, 1885; his wife, still surviving him, resides at that place. ^ #^ ^ if"^^^ ilbert S. Snow. Foremost in the ranks of l k.5-:>r^^cvt^^:><'^-.- ilbert Swart is a farmer of undisputed ^ success and prosperity, resident on section ■wivip"^ ir, Kno.\ Township, and is one of the ^/f > county's most able men and representative citizens. He was born in Virginia, in Fred- erick County, on the 15th of September, 1812. His father, also named Gilbert Swart, was a native of that State, being born in Loudon County, on the farm afterward owned and occupied by President Monroe. He was a farmer by occupation, but for some years was the proprietor of a hotel in connec- tion with the farm. In 1829 he removed to Ohio and setiled in Mus- kingum County, where he died in March, 1830. His wife had died in 18 18, and our subject was but six years of age at her death. He made his home with his father and brother-in-law in Virginia until 1829. After his father's death he started out to see the world and gain a livelihood by the sweat of his brow, and soon afterward found employment in Mus- kingum County, where he worked for a farmer at $7 per month. He was thrifty and prudent, and by economy accumulated sufficient funds to purchase 80 acres of land in Morgan County, Ohio. This, however, he sold in 1S34, thinking to better himself, and went to La Grange County, Ind., where he en- tered land amounting to 80 acres. He then en- gaged as a farm hand for one year, after which he returned to Ohio and worked until 1836. From there he went to Wayne County, Ind., where he was engaged in farming, remaining there for six years and giving the verj- best of satisfaction. He next went to Madison County, where he had pre- viously bought timber land, and cleared the farm, improving it until, in 1864, he sold it and removed to Knox County, buying 160 acres there. This was situated on sections 11, 13 and 14. He has since bought other land, so that he now owns 240 acres, each of his farms being on section 11. He was united in marriage Feb. 8, 1838, to Al- cinda McG.)naha. Nineteen months after their happy marriage the wife passed away from earth, having enjoyed so short a period of matrimonial felicity, and leaving a bereaved husband with an only son, Notley, who died also, his demise taking place May 1,1880. His second marriage occurred Nov. 14, 1841, with Lydia A. Dunn. She was born in Wayne County, Ind., June 23, 1820. Nine chil- dren were the result of the latter union, five of whom are living. His second wife died Dec. 9, 1883. Mr. Swart is a member of the Christian Church, is an active religious worker, and in {X)litics has been an old-line Whig and is no>v a live Democrat. It is a satisfaction to the publishers to be able to present the portrait of this worthy citizen in connec- tion with this sketch. f eorge W. Kennedy, Of those who have < resided in this county for more than 35 '^\is~ years and who have, during the time they '^ have resided here, been closely identified with , its agricultural des'elopment, is the subject of this brief notice. Mr. Kennedy came to this county with his parents, in June, 1848, and located with them in Salem Township, where the father died Feb. 3, 18S4. His mother died while he was yet young. They were natives of Tennessee and came to Indiana soon after they were married, and there the family remained until they came to this county. The subject of this notice was born in Rush County, Ind., Jan. 29, 1833, and was there a resi- dent until he was 14 years of age, at which time he came to this State with his father, and his par- ents stopped in Peoria County for one year. His early education was received in the common schools, and he lived with his parents in Salem Township, this county, until 1858. In September of the latter year our subject moved to Ellja Township, where he rented land for several years, and has since that time been a resident of the same and actively en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. He is now the owner of 480 acres of good farm land, the major portion of it being under an advanced state of cultivation. He !Jt!^ ! 396 ■ V. KNOX COUNTY. has erected on his place a good residence and sub- stantial outbuildings, and his farm presents an appearance characteristic of the energy and perse- verance of its proprietor. Mr. Kennedy was married in Salem Township, Nov. I, 1857, to Miss Eliza Darnell, a native of this county. Their union has been blest by the birth of eight children — Dorothy C, Daniel W., William A. S., Mary E., Rosa M., Charles, Clara R. and Martha E. Of the children named, Daniel W., William A. and Mary E. are deceased ; Dorothy is the wife of Andrew Reddin, a farmer, of Elba Township, and they have one child — Bessie M. Mr. Kennedy has held the offices of .School Di- rector and Overseer of Highways. In politics he is a supporter ot and a believer in the principles ad- vocated by the Democratic party, and seldom fails to cast his vote for the same when opportunity affords. We take pleasure in presenting on another page a ' view of the comfortable homestead of Mr. Kennedy and his family. ouis r. Fredricks is a farmer on section 34 of Henderson Township. He came from Sweden with his parents, Charles J. and Lottie Fredricks, in July of the year 1857, and J^S settled in Knox County, Galesburg being his chosen home for the time. For about three years he resided here, and then came to settle in Henderson Township, where he has lived up to the present date, with the exception of a four years' stay in Sparta. He has always been engaged in farming and stock-raising, and shows a practical judgment in his occupation not often equaled. His farm consists of 249 well-improved acres. He was born in his native Sweden on July 10, 1843, and resided there until he was 14 years old before emigrating to America. His marriage in Al- tona with Mary Nelson was celebrated on April 17, 1871. She was the daughter of Samuel and Mar- garet Nelson, and was a native of Sweden, born on Nov. 20, 1838. By the union of Mr. and Mrs. Fredricks there are two children — Minnie E. and Emma J., who have been the delight and chief in- terest of their parents' lives. Mr. F. has held the offices of School Director and District Overseer of Highways, places of trust in which he has shown care and ability. Tliis gentleman and his wife are very prominent members of the Swedish Lutheran Church. As a Republican in politics he takes a very earnest interest in all measures affecting the good of his party. When Mr. Fredricks began life he had but little of this world's goods, but by industry and economy he has acquired a competency. A view of his pleasant home is given in connection with this sketch. fe.achel L. Tucker is one of Knox County's I progressive and practical farmers, resident ^'^^ on section 35, Truro Township, and one of the oldest settlers in this section of country. His success in his chosen line of industry, no less than his personal attributes, have won him a high place in the opinions of friends and neighbors. Mr. Tucker was born in Richland County, Ohio, Aug. 17, 1824. His father, John Tucker, was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1799. His grand- father, also John Tucker by name, was born in Scot- land, and came to America when a young man. He first located in Virginia, and removing from there settled in Pennsylvania, from which State he removed to Ohio, spending the last years of his life in Rich- land County, that State. The father of our subject was but 18 years of age when his parents moved to Ohio, in 1817, and be- came pioneers. He was there united in marriage with Eleanor Metcalf, a native of Richland County and a daughter of Vachel and Lucinda (Green) Metcalf. Mr. Tucker's father had given him 80 acres of land in Richland County, and he located there at the time of his marriage, remaining until 1834, when, accompanied by his wife and six chil- dren, he started for the then " Far West." The journey was made across the country with five horses and three wagons, Illinois being the point of destina- tion. Adopting the mode of other emigrants, they cooked and camped by the way, and arrived in Pe- oria County Oct. 12 of that year. Mr. Tucker bought a claim in township 10, east 3 north, and with his family moved into a small log structure which stood on the claim. That tract of land is now in- %r KNOX COUNTY. 397 eluded in Brimfield Township, Peoria County, and with all the energy and hope which almost univers- ally inspired the early settlers in their struggles and privations, Mr. Tucker began the improvement and cultivation of his land. When the Government had decided that it was ready to dispose of it, he entered his land at the Quincy land sale, and upon it soon erected a neat and handsome brick residence. There are also other convenient buildings, including a frame barn, with all the surrounding comforts that laste suggests and an ingenious hand supplies in the founding of that noblest of all human possessions — a home. John Tucker was removed to a better land in the prime and vigor of life, in June, 1850, being but 5 1 years of age. His wife survived him 20 years, dying in 1S70. Our subject is the third child in order of birth of his parents' children, and was ten years of age when he came to Peoria County with them, and there grew to manhood, reared on the farm. He lived un- der the parental roof until the time of his marriage, which event was celebrated May 3, 1849, with Miss Jane Tucker, also a native of Richland County, Ohio, born Sept. 10, 1830. She was not only a kind and agreeable companion, but a brave and true-hearted womai., who cheered and strengthened her husband in the undertaking of any difficult enterprise. About two months after their bridal he located on the place he now owns, and although it was wild prairie land without improvements, the pair were in no way dis- mayed. Their united energy and purpose gave them courage to attempt, the will to execute, and the hap- piness succeeding. Mr. Tucker is now one of the most prosperous men in the county. His land is fruitful, well-cultivated and carefully improved. A set of convenient frame buildings tends to make it one of the neatest and most attractive homesteads in this vicinity. He has planted fruit and shade trees, and has added to his landed possessions until he has 440 acres devoted to agriculture, and 120 acres of timber. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Tucker has been brightened by the birth of seven children — John A., Sydney E., Martha E., Henr)- C, Dora B., Etta M. and Burt A. John A. married Lilly Love, and they have three children — Seth Clay, Leto J., Myrtle Al- bertie ; Sydney E. married Columbus Black ; Henry C. married Nettie Earl, they have four children — Allen W., Laura Belle, Clarence, William Otis; Martha E., wife of Den Eagan, lives in Elba Town- ship; Dora married William Stewart, and lives in Ne- braska, and Ella, wife of Fred C. Cole, resides in Kansas. The sons are all residents of Truro Town- ship. In politics Mr. Tucker is a strong Republican, and his first vote was cast for Henry Clay for President. ■-^fjtbner Vickery. In this biographical sketch .ire cited tlie details of the personal history of Abner Vickery, a retired contractor and builder, of Abingdon, and a worthy man of un- tarnished reputation. He is contemplated by his neighbors as a skillful workman in his par- ticular line of labor. He was born in Fountain County, Ind., Oct. 12, 1827, and is the son of Daniel and Elizabeth (McClure) Vickery. The father was born in New York State, and the mother in Ohio. His mother died when Abner was but five years of age, and his father died in 1842. His marriage took place Feb. 13, 185 i, and his nuptials were celebrated in the State of Indiana. Miss Nancy E., daughter of William Epperson, became his wife at that time and place, and together the young folks set forth , unitedly to fight the battle of life. Mrs. Vickery was born in Fountain County, Ind., Feb. 19, 1833, and has added to the home circle eight children, three of whom survive, the others died in infancy. The names of the former are as follows : Delia, widow of George Heaton, who was killed in Texas in 1878. She lives with her father, and has one child, Fay Heaton. Luella and Adah. On the ist day of March, 1884, Mrs. Vickery passed from this life to the great hereafter, leaving her husband and three surviving children to mourn her loss. He was left an orphan at an early age, and had to make his way alone and unaided. He had worked and learned to handle tools with his father, who was a carpenter by trade, and after the latter's death he continued to work at the carpentering business, and followed it up until the last few years. His education was limited to a few months in the winter at the pio- neer school. In the spring of 1852 the subject of this notice moved from Indiana to the State of Illinois; located in Chestnut Township, where he bought land and *-' 398 KNOX COUNTY. t raised three crops, after which time he removed to Abingdon, where he engaged at his trade, that of a carpenter, which he learned in Indiana. At this he worked continuously for. 35 years, and is known by all to be a first-class workman. He is a man quite popular in his neighborhood ; has been Alder- man five times, and has held the office of Mayor three terras. He takes an interest in educational matters, working for the good of the community, and is at the present time School Treasurer of Indian Point Township. His attention to religious matters is marked. He is a member ot the Christian Church and lives a conscientious and consistent life. Politically he is a Democrat, and had something of a reputation as a veteran in the Mexican War. He was in tlie 5th Ind. regiment, Co. C, under Capt. Robert Evans, Col. James Lane, enlisting in the fall of 1847, where he served until August, 1848, showing a noble and patriotic heroism, and a courageous deter- mination to battle for " the land of the free and the home of the brave." The command was under Gen. Scott, and they marched through to the capital, where they remained for five months. \ ohn Kriegh, a farmer, residing on section 34, of Kno.x Township, is the subject of this biographical sketch, the points in whose personal history are herein given. The subject is a native of Maryland, and was born three miles from Clear Spring, in Washington County, Jan. 5, 1822. His father, Philip by name, came of a line of old German ancestors, and claims the same county as his birthplace. The mother, whose name was Mary Kline, also of Washington County, was born in a house that stood on the State line, one-half of it being in each State. Her pa- rentage was also German. The subject of our sketch had reached the age of two years at the death of his father, who passed from hfe leaving the mother with a family of nine chil- dren. The widow continued to live on the farm which her father had owned, and, nine years after the death of her husband, remarried. The elder brother took charge of the farm, and John remained with him until he reached manhood. In the fall of 1849 he rented a farm one mile from the old homestead, bought the slock and commenced his career on his own responsibility. On April 15, 1850, he united in marriage with Margaret Hays, of Franklin County, Pa., who was born Nov. 5, 1824, and is the daughter of Robert and Mary (McCune) Hays, the former a native of Cumberland County, and the latter of Dauphin County, Pa. Thty were farmers and con- tinued to reside in Franklin County, Pa., until their death. The young couple located on the farm he had rented, where they resided until the spring of 1854, then came to Illinois and settled in Knox County, arriving here May 15th; they made the trip overland in wagons; their company composed 21 persons — four teams and a carriage — -neighbors and relatives. The first surnmer of their stay in this State, Mr. Kriegh rented land, and the same year bought the place which he now owns and occupies. On the farm stood a small frame house and the land was fenced, and these constituted the entire improve- ments. He has since that time planted hedge almost entirely around the whole property; has subdivided ' the land with fences and erected a substantial resi- dence and convenient barn and out-buildings. His home, in which he justly takes pride, is a most at-V tractive and desirable one. Mr. and Mrs. Kriegli have had born to them seven children, by name as follows: Mary, William, John, Margaret, Ida, David and Alice. William married Martha Woodmansee, and they have two children, a son and daughter; they live in Orange Township, and are engaged in farmmg. John mar- ried Eva Allen; they have three sons and one daughter, and reside in Jefferson County, Iowa, where he is also a farmer. Those unmarried reside at home. Margaret, the fourth child in order of birth, entered the world Dec. 23, 1857, and died May 8, 1885, in the prime of her early womanhood, being but 27 years of age. She had been married a little over a year to Henry Hill, of Orange Township. She left one daughter, who died at the age of nine months. Mrs. Kriegh is a member of the Presby- terian Church of Knoxville. The family are highly respected in the section where they live, as they possess qualities calculated to win the respect and esteem of all who know them. Mr. Kriegh 's first presidential vote was cast for Henry Clay, and he joined the Republican party at its organization. Until 1872, he was a stanch Re- publican in principle, but voted for Greeley at that 4-^ V RESIDENCE OF D . C . H U R LB UTT , 5 EC . 17. ELBA TOWN SHIP. LIBRARY OF THE l.;iVERGi7Y OF ILLW: ^^ :^^ I^JVOX COUNTY. time, and has since voiced the sentiments of and voted with the Democratic party. In his farming operations lie is devoted to what may be termed mixed husbandry — raising both stock and grain. He has been reasonably successful, and has always been a good liver. He has raised his family with care and has given his children the benefit of a good education. A view of Mr. Kriegh's residence is shown in this Album. .^^>^-.^ ruman H. Boe of Indian Point Township, was born in New' York, May rp, 1839. He is the son of Silas and Mary (Barber) Roe, both natives of New York State, who emigrat- ed to Illinois early in 1840, and is one of a family of nine brothers and sisters, as follows : Daniel, Mary A., Jerusha, PUima, Elizabeth, Martin E., Laura and Martha. Mr. Roe, the subject of this sketch, was married Sept. 22, 1864, while in the full vigor of his early >»manhood, to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Richard and Nancy (Mount) Stephens. Her father was born in the State of New Jersey, Aug. 4, 1791, and May 5, 1834, married Miss Mount, who was born in the year 1819, and who still survives him. Productive of this last union was the birth of eight children — Samuel, Harrison, Louisa, Mary S., Robert, Lucinda, Martha and Ephraim. Mr. Roe, soon after the breaking out of the late Civil War, enlisted in the ist Illinois Cavalry, under the command of Capt. J. B. Smith and Col. Mar- shall, June 21, 1861, and was mustered into active service on the 9th day of the ensuing month. The only general engagement in which he took part was at Lexington, Mo. His regiment being in pursuit of Gen. Price, they followed him through Missouri, then from Sedalia, the point reached in that State, to Lexington, Mo., where their capture by Price took place. Not long after this a discharge was granted him, also to the whole regiment, and all returning home remained three months. Following this, he re- turned to the army. During his experience as a sol- dier, he narrowly escaped being wounded a number of times, once having the spur shot from his boot- heel. He served his country faithfully and with pa- triotic zeal, receiving an honorable discharge, July 26, 1862. Owing to the lack of proper wording in the parole granted by Gen. Price, which should have been, "Not to take up arms against the Confederate States until regularly e.\changed"was not in the parole proiier, consequently, when they returned to re-enter their services, about three months later, this dis- crepancy was discovered, and Gen. Curtis ordered the 1st Cavalry back to St. Louis, where it was discharged at the date mentioned. Mr. Roe is at the present time in possession of 110 acres of finely cultivated land, on which stands an attractive dwelling, which was erected in 1883, at a cost of $2,000. Their family circle contains five chil- dren—Oliver L., born Sept. 24, 1865; Charles W., March 1, 1867; Perry E., Aug. 10, 1869; Eva I., Oct. ir, 1871; and Flora E., June 24, 1884. His finances are in a flourishing and satisfactory state, and he is actively engaged in the raising of cereals, at which branch of his vocation he has been markedly successful. Both himself and wife are earnest and devoted members of the Christian Church, connected with the congregation at St. Augustine, 111. He has been School Director in his home district for the past 13 years, which he has filled acceptably to the com- munity at large. Politically, he entertains Republi- can views. illiam A. Smith. As a representative cit- j^ izen of the agricultural class, and a gen- _, tleman of sterling worth and integrity, we .'Jv^> take pleasure in giving the following brief mention of the facts regarding the life of William A. Smith. He is at present residing on his fine farm on section 14, where he is following the vocation of farming. He came to Knox County with his parents in the spring of 185 1, emigrating from Hancock Co., Ind. They made settlement in Salem Township, subse- quently removing to Fulton County, where they re- sided until the death of the father. The mother still survives and lives in Farmington County. William A. Smith of this sketch was born in Indi- ana County, Pa., Nov. 10, 1839, and had attained the age of 1 1 years when he accompanied his parents to Salem Township, in the year 185 i, as before stated. He received a common-school education, and at the outbreak of the Civil War enlisted in the 103d 111. ^^ 4h^ KNOX COUNTY. Vol. Inf., and served his country faithfully and well for three years. He enlisted as a private and was promoted to the position of Sergeant. At the siege of Atlanta he was struck with a piece of shell on the hip, but was only slightly wounded. On receiving his discharge he returned to Fulton County, at which place he remained until the spring of 1872, when he bought 130 acres of land on section 14, Maquon Township, upon which he settled and where he at present resides. Upon his place he has erected a fine set of farm buildings, and is now the owner of an extensive tract of land consisting of 483 acres, the greater portion of which i% tillable. Mr. William A. Smith, the subject of this brief mention, was united in marriage in Fulton County, 111., Sept. 28, 1866, to Sarah Pinegar, the daughter of Andrew and Matilda (Merchant) Pinegar, natives of Tennessee and Ohio respectively. The father of Mrs. Smith died in Fulton County, where her par- ents had made early settlement. Her mother is still surviving. Mrs. Smith was born in Fulton Co., 111., Sept. 15, 1848, and by her union with Mr. Smith has become the happy mother of eight children. The record is as follows: Harry A., Charles W., Ora A., Carl, Florence M., Ellen M., Roy W. and Lester VV. Florence died when about one and one-half years old. Mr. Smith, in politics, is a firm adherent of the principles of the Democratic party. His parents were Elijah and Susan M. (Brown) Smith, natives of the States of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. iVjarry H. SchrcBder is a merchant, residing h. within Henderson Township. He is the son of Henry F. and Mary (Stohl) SchrcE- der, who were both natives of Germany. They first came to Knox County from New York State, and for a short period lived in Galesburg before removing to Henderson, where they engaged in the cabinet and undertaking business, which they followed up to 1873, when the father became inter- ested in mercantile pursuits. In this business he con- tinued until April, 1884, when he sold out and retired. Mr. Schroeder, Sr., died on the i6tli of October, 1885. His wife, the mother of our subject, still sur- vives her husband. Harry H. was born in Henderson, on the nth of September, 1857. He attended the common schools until he was 15 years old, but subsequently, in 1880, became a student at the business college at Daven- port, where he graduated. Then, learning telegraphy, he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, as operator and agent, for two years. Proceeding to Quincy, 111., he contin- ued in the service of the same company as Assistant Ticket Agent, for 18 months. He then went to St. Louis, and took a clerkship in a freight office, where he remained until August, 1885, when he returned to Henderson. In September (of the same year) he opened tlie store of dry goods and groceries, which he now operates, and is doing a very satisfactory bus- iness. He is among the representative and prosperous merchants of his township. In politics he is a Republican, and one in whom that party may place the highest confidence. The father of our subject was Postmaster of Hen- derson, from 1873 to 1884, the duties of which office he most creditably discharged. -^ o*o..@JA«A@.«>^.. -V— ^ *# ''• 403 ferred to a steamer, and came via the Ohio, Missis- sippi and Illinois Rivers to Peoria, thence to Canton. At the latter place he rented a tract of land, upon which he remained until 1845. Removing with his family to Knox Ojunty, he again rented for a period of six years. His son, the subject of this notice, meanwhile entered a claim on the northwest quarter of section 16, now in Salem Township, and while liv- ing upon the rented property Loth the father and son were improving the farm on section 16, to which they moved in 1848. The death of ELdward Rogers occurred Dec. 22, 1866. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Elizabeth Wood, a native of Virginia. Her death occurred in 1849. The chil- dren born to the senior Mr. Rogers and wife were ten in number, only two of whom are living — S. W., our subject, and a sister, Elizabeth, relict of Robert Dennis, who lives with her son at Maquon. The subject of this sketch was an infant of two j years when his parents removed to Virginia, and was 1 r 19 years old when they emigrated to Illinois. He had i I always remained at home, with the exception of a j few months at a time, until the death of his father. J4 After coming to Illinois, he waB engaged at various 1 employments, and in 1842-43 was occupied in chop- j ping wood and teaming near the Illinois River. He I ', had saved a sufficiency of his earnings to enable him, I in 1 845 , to enter the tract of land which he now owns I and occupies. He did not, however, settle upon this ' until three years later. In the meantime he had erected a log cabin, together with a few other im- provements, and in 1848 installed his parents and I one sister in the cabin. Since that lime he has made great improvements upon his farm, having erected a 1 substantial set of frame buildings, enclosed his entire I acreage and placed the same under a fine state of I cultivation. He has earned the reputation of being I one of Knox County's most industrious fanners, and 1 this, together with his good judgment, has made him I successful. Mr. Rogers has added from time to time to his acreage, until he is at this wriung the possessor of 520 acres of fine land, all of which is lo- cated in Salem Township. i S. W. Rogers formed a matrimonial alliance, April 15, 1S50, with Jerusha, daughter of Silas and Eliza- beth (Terr)) Hand. She was born in Highland County, Ohio. Sept. 28, 1828. Her parents were na- tives of New Jersey and Virginia respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are the parents of five chil- dren^ — Sophia E., William H , Millard F., Solomon W. and Franklin G. Mr. R. was formerly a Whig, but upon the organization of the Republican party he joined its ranks and has cast his vote for that party since that time. In matters of religion he is liberal, and believes in doing to others as he would have them do unto him. j^ilUUiam G. West. Noteworthy among the «Sb.W practical and progressive farmers of Knox County, as a man of substantial worth and ability, is the subject of this personal history. He is a resident of Salem Township, and his home is situated on section 3. His pleasant residence, which he began to build in 1883, is a commodious frame structure of modern style, and may be considered one of the most attractive in the county. He is an e.Ktensive land-owner, possessing 542 acres of land in this county. The family is of English ancestry on both paternal and maternal sides. ^ Our subject w.is born in Clinton County, Ohio, ji Oct. 16, 1833, and his father, John West, was also a native of the same town and county, being born May 3, 1809. His first .American ancestor was Owen West, brother to the father of Benjamin West, the celebrated artist. He was lx)rn in London, England, in 1729, and came to America in 1761, settling in Georgia. He was extremely opposed to slavery and labored in behalf of tlie downtrodden and oppressed. He once assisted a slave to escape, and, well know- ing the sentiment prevailing in those days, removed to Virginia for personal safely. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and died in Virginia in 1803. His son Owen, grandfather of our subject, was born four miles from London, in 1756, and was five years of age when he came with his parents to .America, where he grew to manhood. He married in Georgia and removed from that State to Virginia, and thence to Ohio, where he was an early settler, locating on the farm which he cultivated and improved until his death. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native county, and there married Elizabeth, daughter of William and Tabitha George, who was born June 26, 1811, in Highland County, Ohio. Coming into ■^^ 404 j?:j^ox county. possession of part of the old homestead in Park Township, he accepted it and made it his home until 1845. At that date he concluded to try life in the West, in common with many others believing he could better his condition. Caution bein? one of his personal attributes, he did not at first dispose of his farm, but rented it, believing it possible he might be glad to return to it. Accompanied by his wife and six children, and supplied with provisions for their journey, he proceeded to the Ohio River and took passage on a steamer, traveling to the State of Illi- nois via the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois Rivers to Copperas Creek Landing. The water was low and the journey almost interminable, four weeks having passed before they arrived at their destination. Their provisions ran low, and they suffered all the inconveniences of a compulsory extension of the time they had allotted for their trip. Hiring a conveyance, they went overland to Knox County. Rentmg a log cabin at Taylor's Grove, they spent the winter, and in the spring rented a farm on section 4 of Salem Township, staying one year. They ne.xt bought 40 acres of land in Elba Township, and removed thither in the spring of 1S47. During the winter of 1847-48, his own house constituting the school building, he taught the children of the neighborhood. In the spring he went across the country to Ohio, and, selling his home, returned with the proceeds, all in silver, amounting to $2,500, which he placed in a beegum and brought to his home. His first pur- chase after his arrival was 80 acres of land situated on the same section of which he was partial owner, and, adding to this another piece of property, he found himself the possessor of about 1,000 acres of land. He next erected a brick house and frame barn on his first-purcliased land, and continued to improve his property up to the date of his death, which took -place March 31, 1884. His widow still lives on the old homestead. Mr. West and wife were the parents of a family of II children, six of whom grew to man and woman's estate : Joel died at the age of 22 from blood-poison- ing, having been bitten by a snake; Isaac N. is de- ceased (see sketch) ; William G., the subject of this no^tice ; Rhoda, wife of William S. Kleckner, resides in Elba Township; Henry G. lives at Jacksonville, 111., and Samantha is the wife of Robert Kay, whose home is in Salem Township. William G. West celebrated his 12th birthday dur- ing the time included in his trip to Knox County. He attained to years of understanding in Elba Town- ship; was educated in the common schools estab- lished by the pioneers, and remained at home until the date of his marriage. He united in the bonds of wedlock April 5, i860, with Elizabeth Ouderkirk, of Michigan, who was born April 14, 1837, and is the daughter of Richard and Amanda (Perkins) Ou- derkirk, natives of Oswego County, N. Y. Her par- ents came to Illinois in 1845 and settled in Maquon, where the mother died Jan. 31, 1851, and the father in Ringgold County, Iowa Jan. 15, 1874. Three children were born of the union of William G. West and his wife, to wit: Elmer H., Feb. 11, 186 1, the husband of Anna M. Brewster, of Pike County, 111., is at present engaged in hardware business at Yates City, and is an enterprising business man, with a fair patronage and a wide circle of friends; Flora M. and Luella I. are the two remaining children. Our subject at the time of marriage located on sec- tion 34, Elba Township, where he lived until 1865. He next removed to section 33, remaining until 1883, when he came to the place he now calls home. In that year he commenced improvements as previously^ stated, and has now become the owner of one of the handsomest homes in the county, is a wealthy and influential man and a substantial citizen. He was , a member of the Board of Supervisors for eight or nine terms, is Republican in politics and liberal in religious matters. A view of his fine homestead is given in this Album. -*>> •■o*o..@JX®-'>*<' V— enry C. Tucker, one of Knox County's 11^' prominent farmers, resides on section 35, Truro Township, and was born in the same township in which he is at present residing, Nov. 9, 1855. His parents were Vachel and Jane Tucker (see sketch). He, like most farm- ers' sons, was reared upon the home farm, and re- ceived his education in the public schools, remaining at home until his marriage with Miss Nettie Earl, which occurred Sept. 25, 1879. Miss Earl was born in Douglas County, 111., Nov. 29, 1861, and is the daughter of Henry and Lizzie (Bailey) Earl, both natives of Illinois. The happy union of Mr. and Mrs. Tucker has -«^ ¥ Residence or J. M. A. Miller, Sec. 1., Walnut Grove Townshi p. OF THE t.llVERSffY OF ILLW^^ A KNOX COUNTY. 407 4-- been productive of four children — Walker, Laura B., Clarence and Otis. At the time of their marriage Mr. Tucker and wife settled upon their pleasant farm, which has been made comfortable by the erection of a desirable house and numerous other improvements. Mr. Tucker is one of the energetic young men of his township, and we bespeak for him a successful future. i^'ames M. Corey, one of the progressive and practical farmers of Kno.x County, and a . ,^ resident on section 3, of Salem Township, ^^ is the subject of this historical sketch. He is ^r a man who has a strong interest in matters Y relative to the public good, has held the office of Township Clerk, and represented the people of his township on the Board of Supervisors. Mr. C. was born in Jaffrey, Cheshire Co., N. H., . Aug. 22, 1828, and his father, David Corey, of Maine, was born Feb. 28, 1790. His father, Stephen Corey, grandfather of our subject, emigrated from that j State in 1797, to Cheshire County, N. H , and was one of the early settlers there. The father of our subject united in marriage Dec. 29, 1817, with Betsey Winship, and purchased a farm in Jaffrey soon after, , where they resided until 1864, when he came to Knox County and made his home with his son, James M., until his death, which took place in May, 1871. His wife, who survived hira, died in April, 1876. To them were born si.x children, three of whom survive, as follows : John C, who lives in Florida; David, of Salem Township, and our subject, the youngest child. Mr. James Corey spent his younger days in the district schools and worked on the farm, continuing to improve himself as a scholar. He was afterward allowed to attend the Millville Academy about six terms. He made his home with his parents until he reached the age of 22, when he started out to seek his fortune. Proceeding to the State of Delaware, he engaged in teaching for four months at St. George, then associated himself in partnership with his brother David, and the two began business as butch- ers. They thus continued one year, then bought a farm in Kent County, Md., and, taking up agricultural pursuits, followed the same until 1S57. Disposing of this property at private sale and their stock at public auction, they removed to Knox County, lo- 'fi eating in Salem Township, where they rented land for three years. They then went to Yates City and opened a grocer)- store, which was patronized well for about one year. They then bought the only hotel there, in 1859, remaining in it three years, when our subject bought the farm which has since been his home. The brothers dissolved partnership in 1882. The farm of Mr. Corey is well improved, with a good set of neat and convenient buildings, among them a large frame barn. There are also shade and ornamental trees, and the home bears evi- dence of its owner's thrift, prudence and energy. In addition to his farming pursuits he raises the cereals and breeds and sells blooded stock. Mr. Corey was united in marriage Jan. 20, 1855, with Martha English, of Chester County, Pa., who was born Nov. 11, 1834. Two children are the re- sult of this union — Ximena, wife of Robert J. Mc- Keighan, of Salem Township, and Ella E. Mr. and Mrs. Corey are members in good and regular stand- ing in the Presbyterian Church, while Mr. C. be- longs to the Yates City Lodge, No. 448, A. F. & A. M In politics he is Republican, supporting strongly the principles of that party. He is a man of solid < integrity and sterling worth, and is reckoned one of the best men within the limits of Knox County. tugh A. Kelly, a farmer residing on section jiiag^^ 15, Cedar Township, is a native of Augusta 1^ County, W. Va., and reared in Greenbrier County, Feb. 26, 18 13. He came to Fulton Co., III., in 1833, where he remained from Novem- ber until the following April, when he moved to Cedar Township. His father, James, was a na- tive of Virginia, and his parents were from Ireland. James Kelly, the father, died in 1819. He married Miss Jane (Hulit) Kelly, also of Irish extraction. This lady died in 1843, but had become the mother of four children — Hugh A., Nancy, Sarah and James. The gentleman whose name heads this biography married Miss Catherine Castle, Dec. 13, 1832, and her death took place March 24, i88r. Thjy had no children. Mrs. Kelly's parents were of German and Irish extraction, and of their family there is one sister living. Mr. Kelly may be counted as one among the old- ^^ -^^ KNOX COUNTY. est pioneers of this township. Altogether he has been Supervisor of the township for three terms, as well as School Director for the last twenty years. He is one among the foremost members of his lodge in the ancient craft of Masonry. He was first made a Mason in 1861, in Abingdon Lodge, No. 185. Mr. Kelly has 240 acres of improved land, on which he erected a fine dwelling in 1865. He is one among the prominent breeders of Short-horn cattle, and his horses are all good grades. He has devoted his life to farming and stock-raising, and has been quite suc- cessful in the accumulation of property. He is re- garded as one of Cedar Township's most thrifty and enterprising farmers. His farm ranks high among tlie many excellent ones of this splendid county. He is a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was also his wife, who took an active part in the good of that Christian organization. In poli- tics he favors Democracy, and by that party is con- sidered one of its best friends. -^ ^>A^ V- |fe.trawther Givens. It is well known that Knox County takes a front rank among the leading counties of the Prairie State. En- terprise, wealth and refined taste are displayed throughout its borders. There are located here many of the leading men of the State, who have more than a local reputation, and classed among the representative men of the county is Mr. Strawther Givens. He is following the quiet pursuit of farm life in Cedar Township, his residence being located on section 32. He is also devoting considerable time and money in breeding Shorthorn cattle and Nor- man and roadster horses. He was born in Monroe County, Ind., near Bloomingfon, May 23, 1843, and is a son of Thales H. and Julia (Carter) Givens. He came to Illinois with his parents in 1854, the family settling in McDonough County, near the Hancock County line. He and the elder Givens engaged in farming and stock-raising, and became one of the best known and most highly respected men in all that section. Strawther was reared on the home farm in McDon- ough County, receiving his primary education in the district schools of the neighborhood ; subsequently he attended the State University, and also took a bus- iness course at the Commercial College at Burling- ton, Iowa, and was graduated in i860. Shortly after leaving school he was united in marriage at Blan- dinsville, 111., Dec. 25, 1862, with Miss Mary Hus- ton, daughter of John Huston, one of the early pioneers and most prominent citizens of that county. Mrs. Givens was born in Blandinsville, Feb. 1 1, 1844, and was reared in her native county. She has become the mother of four children, three daughters and a son : Anna is the wife of Will A. Thomas, of Kinsley, Kan.; Laura and Lucy are twins; the former is the wife of Alfred Ryden, a farmer near Abingdon ; Lucy is the wife of George Foltz, also re- siding near that city; Thales H., the son, is residing with his parents. After his marriage, Mr. Givens embarked in farm- ing and stock-raising in Hancock and McDonough Counties, meeting with quite flattering success. He remained there until March, 1870, when he came to Abingdon and engaged in the grocery business. He continued in this branch of the mercantile trade until 1873, when he closed out and formed a partnership with his father and J. M. Dawdy, and established the Union Bank at Abingdon, which was the pioneer banking-house of that city. The business was con- ducted under the firm name of Givens, Dawdy & Co. until 1878, since which time it has been known as the Union Bank. Of this institution, Strawther Giv- ens is President ; F. P. Foltz, Vice-President ; and T. E. Givens, Cashier. This is a private banking- house and one of the ablest of its kind in the State ; transacts a general banking business, and enjoys the entire confidence of the community. Mr. Givens is a gentleman of considerable enter- prise, and usually successful in every undertaking. He is a man of good judgment, conservative, and yet, at the same time, not so slow as to let opportunities slip by without taking advantage of them. He has a highly improved farm of 120 acres, situated on sec- tion 32, in Cedar Township, and lying adjacent to the west line of the city of Abingdon, and known as the Maple Grove Farm. It was the old homestead where his father settled in 1865. In 1879, he pur- chased a small herd of thoroughbred Short-horn cat- tle and commenced the breeding of that kind of stock. Since that time he has sold upward of f too,- 000 worth of pure-bred Short-horns. His herd num- bers from 50 to 75 head, and consists of such fami- lies as the Kirklevington, Barringtons, Roan Duch- i^ -^ KNOX COUNTY. 409 ess, Acorabs, Long Marys, Phyllis, etc. He has made exhibitions of his herd at Minneapolis, Chi- cago and local and district fairs with flattering suc- cess. At Minneaix)lis he took the first premium on young herds and the second on large herds. At Chi- cago and other fairs he has won his share of the hon- ors. In addition to his herd of Short-horns, Mr. Givens has some very fine specimens of horses, con- sisting of grade Normans and roadsters. Maple Grove Farm is one of the most complete in its apix)intments of any in this county. His res- idence is elegant and capacious, while his stock build- ings are both commodious and tasty, and are constructed after the most modern plan. The mag- nificent display of fine cattle and horses to be seen here is an interesting feature of this model farm. In political faith Mr. Givens is a Democrat, and has been prominently identified with that party for many years. He was a delegate to the last National Demo- cratic Convention, where he had the honor of helping to nominate the successful candidate of that cam- paign. He has served three terms as Alderman of Abingdon, always giving his time freely to advance ever)- interest of a public and beneficial nature. He has always taken an active part in the advancement of Democratic principles, and has been active in the campaigns both for the success of the National, State and countv tickets. ^"HOi^ohn W. Wood, hardware merchant of Yates j ^jjj T City, 111., a prosperous and progressive cit- ^>iP ' izen, is the subject of this personal sketch. %^ Previously the business was conducted with It S. S. Stone as associate partner, from 1877 to I 1S79, when Mr. Wood purchased his partner's interest and conducted the business alone until De- cember, 1883, when he took his son into the store as partner; the firm is now John W. Wood & Son. Our subject was born in Mason County, Ky., July 18, 1827. His father, William Wood, was a native of Kentucky. Ixarn in the same county. His grand- father, Jesse Wood, was a native of Virginia, and his great-grandfather, Christopher Wood, was originally from England, and came to America previous to the Revolution, under the auspices of the Baptist Asso- ciation. He was a minister of that denomination, and one of the Kentucky pioneers. He was the first Baptist minister of that State, and with his family resided in Daniel Boone's fort in Mason County. He built the first grist-mill in Kentucky, which was lo- cated on Lee's Creek, built of stone and wood, and furnished with two sets of stone buhrs. The stone part of the mill is still standing, and is preserved as a relic in Mason County. It is situated five or six miles from Maysville. Christopher Wood and Jesse, his son, were both in the fort built by Simon Kenton and Daniel Boone, as mentioned above. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native county, learning the carpenter's trade when young and later becoming an engineer. In that ca- pacity he was employed for about 30 years on a river steamer, thus visiting the diflferent trading posts on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers long before the country was settled by white men. He died in Ma- son County, Ky., Dec. 25, 1853. His marriage was with Ann Field, daughter of Thomas and Char- lotte (Stark) Shelton, of Virginia. Thomas Shel- ton, the maternal grandfather, was an officer of the Government, and arrested Aaron Burr after he had conspired against it. To the parents of W. Wood «v were born seven children, of whom our subject was third in order of birth. He lived in Mason County until he attained the age of 16 years, when he went to Pike County, Ohio, engaging in a blacksmith shop. There he served four years ; he then returned to Ma- son County and obtained employment at his trade in a railroad shop, working for the Lexington & Mays- ville Railroad. With them he continued for one year, then went to New Orleans for one season, visiting Vicksburg and Memphis, and in 1853 came to Balti- more, Md., as agent for a patent right. In the fall of the same year he went to New Orleans and traded in Northern produce until the spring of 1854. In March of that year he went back to his old home, and on April 6 entered the State of Iowa, traveled over its unsettled plains until the following May, when he came to Illinois, spent one month in Fulton County, then, coming to Knox County, opened a blacksmith shop in Maquon Township, and did gen- eral work for five years. Mr. Wood was united in marriage in 1859, with Emma Ruth Kay, a native of England, born in Lan- cashire. Accompanied by his bride, he returned to Fulton County and opened a shop, where he worked at blacksmithing for eight years, and in September, «t^^ 410 KNOX COUN2 Y. 1867, came to Yates City, again establishing himself at his trade, and continued thus until 1877, when he engaged in the hardware business, which he still continues. Mr. Wood has two children living, who bear the following names: John W., with whom he is associ- ated in business, was born in November, 1852, mar- ried Mary Balcom, of New Yoik State; Lula V., born July 16, 1868, became the wife of J. W. Dixon, and lives in Yates City. Mr. Wood is a member of Yates City Lodge, No. 370, I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Prohibitionist, supporting that party by e.xample and vote. 1; le Anderson. The little kingdom of Nor- way has contributed her quota of sturdy, energetic men who have done their part toward the development of this country. In Sparta Township that country is well repre- sented, and as one of the representatives of that country, and in fact we might say, one of the liToremost men in the county, is the subject of this [notice. Ole Anderson, who is at present residing on his fine farm on section 12, Sparta Township, was born in Norway, in 1820. His parents were Andrew and Harriet (Christian) Olaf Anderson, natives of that country. Our subject lived there with his parents until 16 years of age, after which he worked out for four years. His ambitious spirit at this age of life prompted him to engage in other than hard labor, and he turned his attention to the buying and selling of stock, which he followed for four years. In 1846 he purchased a farm in his native country and for three years was occupied in its cultivation. He then sold his place, and, expecting to better his financial condition in the land beyond the salty waters of the Atlantic, he concluded to emigrate. He set sail for this country, and in 1849, after disembarking at an Eastern seaport, he came almost directly to this county. On arriving here, his funds being exhausted, he commenced work for Mr. B. Leighton. He re- mained with the latter gentleman but a short time when he purchased 80 acres of land, and once more engaged in farming. The judgment of Mr. Anderson, on first coming to the country, was that the broad, uncultivated prai- rie lands were not only productive, but would in a short time rapidly increase in value. He conse- quently has been engaged in the buying and selling of land ever since he came here, together with the raising of stock. At the present time he is the pro- proprietor of 1,400 acres of land in the State, and on his fine farm, on section 12, has some splendid improvements, his residence and Lam costing him about ^5,000. On his home farm he has a herd of about 180 head of cattle, 150 head of hogs and 30 head of horses. In addition to his real possessions in this State he owns a large tract of land in Texas, which he is improving. His Texas land amounts to 12,500 acres, which he intends to make a stock ranch. It is all under fence, and 2,500 of it joins the town of Big Springs. The marriage of our subject took place in Norway. A short time after coming to this State his wife died of cholera; she lies buried at Ottawa. By their union one child was born — Mary, now Mrs. H. Mitchell. The second matrimonial alliance of Mr. Anderson was with Betsey Anderson, born in Norway. The issue of the latter union was 1 1 children, named Wil- lie, Henry, Andrew, Alfred, Christian, Arthur, Har- riet, Annie, Jennie, Sophia and Emil. Ole Anderson is a self made man in every sense the word implies. His motto has always been, "Never put off until to-morrow what can be done to-day." He is independent in politics, and has held the office of Roadmaster and School Trustee, and is one of the well-known and respected citizens as well as an energetic and successful farmer of Sparta Town- ship. elson Cunningham, one of Knox County's ^ successful farmers, and a gentleman who has followed that vocation more or less all of his life, is at present residing upon section '1^ 21, Salem Township. Mr. Cunningham was born in Indiana County, Pa., Jan. 7, 1834. His father was Joseph Cunningham, born in August, 1808, in the same county. His father, grandfather of our subject, Thomas Cunningham, also a native of the Keystone State. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native State and was there married to Sarah Harbi- son. He purchased a farm in Indiana County and Residence of Alexander shannon .bec.ii, Henderson Township. Residence of JOHNC. J H N 50 N , sec . 1 , KNOX township. LIBRARY OF THE L.,;VERSITY OF ILUNCS ^ KNOX COUNTY. :--> 413 there engaged in the cultivation of the soil. He also purchased land in Westmoreland County, in the same State, remaining there until 1865, when he dis- posed of his farm and came to Knox County, locat- ing in Salem Township. In this township he purchased land situated on the southwest quarter of section 21, upon which he resided until Oct. 28, 1873, when he died. The parental family consisted of five children, two now surviving, with whom his widow resides. The subject of our sketch was the eldest of the family. His brother, Thomas, now lives in Johnson County, Kan. He of whom we write was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native State, and removed with his parents to Westmoreland County in 1854, remaining at home until 1857. Nel- son Cunningham, in March, 1857, was united in mar- riage with Elizabeth Buchanan, who was born in Westmoreland County, Pa. After marriage Mr. C. rented land until 1864, when he purchased a farm in Westmoreland County. In 1865 he had an opportunity to sell out at an advanced price, which he did. Soon after he came to Illinois and ^ located in Peoria County, where he purchased a farm, on which he resided one year. This he sold and removed to Elba Township, remaining there for eight years. After the death of his fatlier he re- moved to the old homestead, which he farmed and improved. He is extensively engaged in the breed- ing of stock and the cultivation of the soil. They are the parents of five children living : John T. is in Vermont, Fulton County; Ed. F. is a teacher in Yates City; Jennie M. is also a teacher; and the others are Sadie and Flora. Two died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. C. are members of the Presbyterian Church, in Yates City. In politics Mr. C. affiliates with the Republican party. >dinund fiussell. There were a few sturdy pioneers to be found here and there throughout Kno.x County as early as 1837, but the number was few. The great railroads that opened up this fair section, and made it possible to be cultivated as a garden, had not yet been planned nor dreamed of by those of the most vivid imagination. Among the number of these hardy people, to whom the present generation owe so much, was Mr. Edmund Russell, Sr. He was a native of Chautauijua County, N. Y., where he married Miss Elizabeth Weed. They settled there and remained for a time, but soon removed to Gallia County, Ohio. In the autumn of 1837 they came to this county, and located on section 31, where they passed the remain- der of their lives, and upon which section our sub- ject continues to reside. The wife and mother was the first to be called to the future world, her demise occurring June 11, 1877. Mr. Russell survived until Dec. 27, 1884. To this union were born 1 1 children — Chas. M., David, Lusenia, William, George W., Louisa, Mary J., Edmund, Lucretia M., Olive A. and Melissa D. Edmund Russell, our subject, was born in Gallia County, Ohio, Nov. 15, 1836, and was an infant of a year old when he was brought to Kno.v County by iiis parents. Here he grew up to manhood, receiv- ing a good common-school education, and has con- tinued to make his home in Persifer Township, with the exception of six years passed in Oregon and Idaho. He has devoted his time while in Knox County to agricultural pursuits, and to-day is the owner of a good farm of 127 acres, 100 of which are tillable. He has taken no little interest in the pub- lic affairs of the township, and has served as Road Commissioner, Scliool Director and Overseer of Highways. In his political connection he is identi- fied witli the Republican party. Mr. Russell was united in marriage at Knoxville, April 6, 1875, with Miss Emma Risor, daughter of William and Sarah (Lawrence) Risor, natives of Ohio. They were also early pioneers of Knox County, having settled in Knoxville as early as 1839, where they at present reside. They were the par- ents of seven children, namely : Caroline, Samuel B., Ann, Haney, Emma, Ella and Ada. Mrs. Russell was the fifth in order of birth of the family, and was born in Orange Township, Jan. 13, 1851. Almond C, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Russell, was born Oct. 2, 1879. The following family record, 180 years old, was furnished by Mr. Ed. Russell : Joseph and Mary Russell, both natives of Massa- chusetts; no record of their age, marriage or deatii. William, son of Joseph and Mary Russell, born at Dartmouth or New Bedford, Mass., Oct. 20, 1706, and died March 6, 1793, in Dutchess County, N. Y. 1 -H- ^1- r*" 414 XATOX COUNTY. in the 87 th year of his age. Elizabeth, his wife, died in Dutchess County, N. Y., aged 67 years. Samuel Russell, son of William and Elizabeth Russell, born in Dutchess County, N. Y., June 10, 1736, and died at Saratoga County, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1824, aged 88 years; Margaret his wife, died in 1829, at the age of 84 years. William, their first son, born Jan. 27, 1773, in Dutchess County, N. Y., married Patience Duel, Feb. 13, 1794; she died in Knox County, 111., June 23, 1 841, in the 73d year of her age; he was married the second time when he was 80 years old. He died in the city of Galesburg, 111., Oct. 17, 1856, in the 85 th year of his age. At the time of his death he was as smart and spry as a man of 40, and could walk 18 or 20 miles in a day. He was standing on the railroad track in Galesburg, when an engine ran over him and killed him almost instantly. The old grandfather was a strange old man, and our sub- ject states that he saw him dig and wall up his own grave and cut and letter his own tombstone. He also helped him erect his tombstone at his grave, several years before he died. alter Bailey. Among the suocessful farm- ers of Elba Township is the gentleman sj5/> — whose name heads this notice, and who ;> resides on his fine farm on section 26. He came to this county in October, 1849, from Delaware County, Ohio, and some few years later purchased the 160 acres of land where he is at present residing. He has subsequently increased his landed interest, and at this writing is the owner of 860 acres, 80 of which are timber. On his fine place he erected a good residence in 1871, barn and other necessary out-buildings, and the farm is indicative of that push and energy characteristic of its proprietor. Mr. Bailey was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1827, and is the son of James and Eve (Kitts) Bailey. They were natives of St. Lawrence County, N. Y. James Bailey was a farmer, surveyor and mechanic, and was engaged in various other occupa- tions, but farming was his chief business in life. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Ohio, and there lived until tliey came to Galva, in Henry County, where the good mother and loving wife passed away, Sept. 11, 1873. The father after- :J ward returned to Delaware County, Ohio, where his demise occurred in June, 1875. Walter, however, came direct to Knox County from Ohio. Walter Bailey was married in Elmwood Township, Peoria County, this State, Feb. 14, 1855, to Harriet L. Parsell, daughter of Joseph and Hetty A. (Ralston) Parsell. Her parents came to Fulton County, 111., from Hamilton County, Ohio, and lived in the former county for about one year. In 1840 they moved to Elmwood Township, Peoria County, where the mother died April 17, 1850. The father was again married, and in 1864 removed to the village of Elmwood, that county, where he lived for 11 years, and imtil 1875, when he came to Elba Township and lived with his daughter, Mrs. Bailey, of this notice, until Jan. 3, 1880, the date of his demise. Mrs. Bailey was born in Sycamore Township, Ham- ilton Co., Ohio, July 30, 1835, and has borne her husband five children, named Edith A., Lura D., Bertha B., Addie G. and Nena H. Edith is the wife of W. D. Ware, a resident of Summit, 111., and to them three children have been l)orn — Catherine S., Winfield B. and Edna D. ; Lura married George F. Hughes, who lives at Table Grove, Fulton Co 111. The remaining children reside at home. Mr. Bailey has held the office of Justice of the Peace four years, and also various school offices within the gift , of the people of his township. In politics he is a stanch and active Republican. When Mr. B. came here, his land was uncultivated and the improve- ments now to be seen are due to his own thrift and energy. He had but little means, and what he now possesses has been the accummulation of his own toil and economy. *^'^^'~ * ' ' — » — "p^ ^ * ^*-»— j^v^^ rohn R. Smith. One of the successful farmers and respected citizens whose in- terests have been identified with this coun- ty since 1850, and who is at present residing on ^r section 34, Sparta Township, where he is act- ively engaged in tlie honorable calling which he has chosen, is the subject of this notice. Mr. Smith was born in Clinton County, Ohio, April 17, 1829. His parents, Stephen and Hannah (Rannells) Smith, were likewise natives of that State, the former being born in 1806, and the latter in 1808. The mother died in her native State in 1848. Seven *+^ -4: KNOX COUNTY. 4'S children were born of the parents' union, all of whom lived to attain the age of maturity. They were John R., Elizabeth, Mary L., William, Stephen, Nancy and Sarah E., and all are yet living, except Elizabeth, Mary L. and William. The father of Mr. Smith came to this State in 1850, and made settlement on section 31, Sparta Township, where he purchased 80 acres of land, and there lived, engaged in its improvement and cultiva- tion, until 1858. He then went to Fremont, Iowa, where he lived until his death, in 1878. His son, John R., of whom we write, was an inmate of the parental household until he was 22 years of age. He was reared on the farm, received a rudimentary edu- cation in the common schools and supplemented the same by attendance in the Academical Depart"ient of Kno.K College. He was the first pupil to recite a lesson in anatomy, physiology and hygiene in the Illinois Liberal Institute, now known as Lombard University, which was i.i 1852. Prof. P. R. Kendall was then President of this institution. Mr. Smith was an industrious scholar and soon fitted himself for a teacher. In 185 1, he taught his first term of school, and continued in that vocation until he had taught 15 terms. He was married April 9, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Conlee, a native of Putnam County, 111., and a daughter of Levi and Jane (Gillock) Conlee. Her parents were natives of North Carolina and Virginia respectively. They came to this State in i S30, and made settlement in Tazewell County, where the father died in 1S70, and the mother in 1864. Mr. Smith, after his marriage with Miss Conlee, erected a residence in Wataga village, where he resided for one year, engaged in teaching. In April, 1857, he purchased tlie farm on which he is at present residing, moved on it with his family and engaged actively in agricultural pursuits, and has there lived until the present time. His place consists of 106 acres, and he has erected a good residence thereon, together with substantial out- buildings, and has the land under an advanced state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have taken into their household three orphan children. The eldest is Amanda Smith, and the other two Olive and Sid- ney H. Munden, twins. In politics Mr. Smith votes with the Republican party. He is liberal in his religious views, being a member of no denomination. He has held tlie office of School Director and Road Commissioner, and is one of the Directors of the Kno.x Co. Mutual Fire and Lightning Insurance Co. He is also among tlie first gentlemen who introduced Short-horn cattle into this part of Sparta Township. Mr. Smith is a great reader, is the [assessor of a fine library, thor- oughly posted on all the issues of the day, and is a worthy representative of the agricultural class of Sparta Township. The publishers of this Album take pleasure in presenting a view of the house of Mr. Smith, in connection with this sketch. lames W. Crane, one of the most influential and best known farmers of Ontario Town- ship, residing on section 32, came to this county during the year 1837, in the month of June. He was at that time a child of nine years; was born in Oneida County, N. Y., April 20, 1828, his father being a native of Connec- ticut, a resident of New England, and of English an- cestry. The family dates back to some time in the 16th century, and was first represented in this coun- try by three brothers, who came from England. The family took great interest in agricultural pursuits. The father of Mr. Crane, of this notice, was married to Harriet Hall, also a native of Connecticut. Im- mediately after their marriage they removed to Oneida County, N. Y. James was the fourth child, and the second son of the family, consisting of six children. His parents came to this county, as be- fore stated, in June, 1837, settling near Ontario, on a farm. The land consisted of unbroken prairie, on which place the father lived up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1848. The mother died in 1854. They were active, industrious, energetic peo- ple, ix)ssessed of a fair amount of this world's goods. Mr. Crane was educated in the public schools of Knox County, remaining at home till the death of his father. He was married in Ontario Township, Ma\ 29, 1854, to Miss Cornelia L. Wetmore. She was born in Oneida County, N. Y., Sept. 8, 1836. Her parents lived and died in the Empire State, the father having been a successful merchant there. The daughter, Cornelia, was a young lady of high attain- ments and many personal attractions, and came to the State of Illinois, and settled in Knox County about two years before her marriage. She is the u ^^ 416 XJVOX COUNTY. mother of three children : Henry, the eldest, married Miss Carrie Stickney, and resides in Ontario Town- ship, on a farm; Frank, the second son, lives in Red River Valley, Dak.; Carl, the youngest, lives at home. Immediately after marriage Mr. Crane began farming, making a purchase of 160 acres of land, upon which he settled and where he resides at the present time. He has been successful as a farmer, and now owns 240 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. His home and surrounding farm build- ings are considered among the finest in the township. He is successful as a stock-raiser. Mrs. Crane is a working member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Crane is independent in politics. >andiville Neely. Among the prominent citizens we find Mr. Mandiville Neely, a farmer residing on sections 29 and 30, of Sparta Township, and one on whom the sun of prosperity has freely shone. His untiring struggle for success has met with ample re- ward, and he is now the possessor of a home of peace and plenty, and Kno.x County has no better repre- sentative citizen. Mr. Neely was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., April 3, 1830, and is the son of James and Sabina (Arnold) Neely, natives of New York. They came from Cayuga County to Illinois in 183S, settled in Knox County, and in 1847 again moved from Henderson Township to Sparta, where they now live on section 30. Mandiville remained under the parental roof until Feb. 20., 1853, working on the farm and attending the common school. He then took a pleasure trip to California, choosing the route via the Island of Jamaica and thence to Greytown, up the river to Del Norte, to Lake Nicaragua, which he crossed, entering Virgin Bay. Crossing the Isthmus of Pana- ma, he reached San Juan, and from there went to San Francisco. Like many others, he was in search of gold, and so sanguine were his expectations that nothing would have seemed unreasonable. Althougli not quite equal to the fabled Midas, he was still suc- cessful in his enterprise, and returned home in high spirits. On his return he worked for his father for four years; then in 1861 his happiness was crowned by winning a good wife. His bride's maiden name was Jennie A. Arm- strong. She was an English girl, and their nuptials were celebrated April 23, 1861. In 1862 he pur- chased a farm situated on section 19, consisting of 80 acres. Here the young couple lived one year, then sold out and moved to Wataga. With the enterprise which has characterized his career he engaged in buying grain on commission ; this business he con- tinued but eight months. In November, 1865, he pur- chased 80 acres in Clover Township, Henry County. On this he moved and devoted the subsequent ten years to its cultivation. At the end of that time he sold the place and moved to his present home. Here he carries on mixed farming. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Neely consists of four sons, by name Fred. A., born Feb. 20, 1863; he is running an engine on the C, B. & Q. Railroad. Will- iam M., born Jan. 2. 1867. Bertrand J., born March 19, 1869. Mortimer D., born Nov. 5, 1872. The three latter are at home. Mr. Neely is a Republican in politics, and an act- ive, wide-awake man. While in Henry County he-j" was elected on the Republican ticket as Supervisor of Clover Township. After his term expired he was again elected to fill the same [XDsition. loyd F. Wertman, banker, of Yates City, and one of Knox County's most able and worthy citizens, is the subject of this per- sonal sketch. He stands high in the com- munity of which he is a member, not only as a man of influence, but of sterling integrity. He is essentially a self-made man and is an instance of what may be attained by the average youth of America by a life of courage, self-denial and enter- prise. Mr. W. was born in Bloomsburg, Pa., Nov. 7, 1845. His father, Elias Wertman, was born in the same State, Feb. 3, 1809. The grandfather was Daniel Wertman, a native of Pennsylvania, who was born in 1788, and died in New York State. His great-grandfather, Michael Wertman, was born in 1742, in Northampton County, Pa. The maiden name of our subject's mother was Mary Kistler, of Lehigh County, Pa. The maternal great-grand- 4^- I* LIBRARY ...... O"" TME I- '.'VERSITY OFILLir ^.JC.JO^U.^ -H- KNOX COUNTY. 419 mother was an Everett, a native of Connecticut, who came of the old Puritan stock. She removed to Pennsylvania when quite young, in which State she was a pioneer, and where she lived to a good old age. It is said that she made a journey of 150 miles on horseback, unaccompanied, at the age of 80 years, carrying a child with her on her lap. Mr. Wertman's father learned the tanner's trade, continuing at it a time in Columbia County, Pa., and in 1843 engaged in mercantile business in Blooms- burg. Prosecuting his vocation there a few years, he removed to Rohrsburg, and continued in the same business until 1863. At that date he sold out and came West, settling in Persifer Township, Kno.\ County. He there rented a farm for three years, and at the close of that time bought a farm in Elba Township, and, removing there, engaged in agricult- ure, which he pursued up to the date of his wife's death. Since then he has made his home with his son Lloyd. |- Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. W., five I of whom are living : Daniel is a resident of Pitls- 1 burg. Pa. ; Sarah, wife of S. L. Finney, a merchant, >< lives at Milton, Pa.; Mary E. is the wife of Samuel Chester, a farmer, of Lenox, Iowa ; Lloyd, our sub- ject ; Martha, wife of J. A. Wilson, is a resident of , Galesburg, 111. ; and Charles, deceased ; two died in infancy. Mr. Lloyd F. Wertman grew to manhood in his native county, receiving his early education in the public schools. This was supplemented by two years' attendance at Orangeville Academy and two at Missionary Institute, Selin's Grove, Pa. He de- veloped considerable taste for mercantile pursuits, and e.xhibited exceptionally bright and keen faculties and the power of concentration and application to his studies. When not at school he assisted his father in ihe store. He came with him, in 1864, to Kno.x County, and engaged in farming with him, continuing in that branch of industry until his mar- riage, which occurred Jan. 11, 1870, choosing for his life's companion IsabcUe J. Oberholtzer, of Elba Township. She is the daughter of Henry and Mar- tha (Tucker) Oberholtzer, and was born Nov. 22, 1848. Mr. and Mrs. W. are the parents of four children, namely : Mary, Martha Leora, Maud S. and Xorma. He then rented a farm of 120 acres in Elba Town- ship for three years. At the close of that period he removed to his father's farm, renting it until he bought on the same section (16), in Elba Township. In 1878 he hired his farm work done and accepted a book-keeper's position in the co-operative store in Yates City. In 1880 he rented his farm and re- moved his family to Yates City, where he continued until Aug. 12, 1880, when he became a member of the firm of J. H. Nicholson & Co., bankers, and was elected Cashier. This position he has since held, performing creditably all the duties incident to it. In politics Mr. W. is a Republican, and holds strong and worthy ideas regarding principle rather than party. He has filled the office of Township Clerk, in Elba, for ten years, that of Collector for two years, and has been a member of the Board of Su- pervisors, and represented Salem Township for two years He takes a hearty interest in education and progress, and has been for some time a member of the Board of City Schools. -*sui2/%^^r'~m 1^4— ».^|^)(OTJ»v. : .'?'! u.'h M. Mitchell. This gentleman is one - : > '■ 1 the wealthy farmers of Knox County, but ■^,^' has now retired from that occupation and , ih lives at Oneida. He came to this county dur- i ing the fall of 1864, and at first took up his I residence in the town of Sparta, one and one- half miles east of the village of Wataga, where he lived until 187 i, when he removed to Ontario Town- ship and became the possessor of 600 acres of good land. Previously he had purchased 300 acres in Sparta Township, where he had resided from 1864 to 187 I, his Ontario Township farm being a portion of section 23. He still holds the Sparta property, hav- ing gradually increased it until it now reaches 560 acres of well-improved and fertile land. He has also a good residence in Oneida. On the 2Sth of May, 1820, Mr. Mitchell was born in Harrison County, Ohio. He is the son of John Mitchell, an Ohio farmer, who was reared and edu- cated in Washington County, Pa. He afterward married, in Jefferson County, Ohio, Miss Margaret McGee, a native of that county. Mrs. Mitchell, as well as her husband, was of Irish descent. Both parents early settled in Harrison County, in fact, while that district was yet an unbroken and heavily --* ^ 420 KNOX COUNTY. ^ timbered forest. Here, amidst the native wilds, they gradually improved a farm, and on this lived until both passed away, leaving a family of 11 children. Mr. Mitchell was a soldier in the War of 18 12. The subject of this biography was the fifth child in order of birtli in the above-named family. Hugh M. lived at home until his 24th year, when, on March 19, 1844, Miss Nancy Nash became his wife. This amiable lady was born in the same county on the 9th of August, 1820. Her parents were Pennsylvania farmers, who settled in Harrison County while Mrs. Mitchell was still a child, and under whose care and guidance she lived until her marriage. Both her parents passed away in the vicinity where they originally settled. Mrs. Mitchell was the third in order of birth of a family of seven cliildren, consist- ing of two boys and five girls, all of whom are liv- ing. Six children have been born to the Mitchell family, all sons but one. Two of these, a son and a daughter, are deceased. John R. resides on a farm in Ontario Township; Samuel P. follows the profes- sion of loan and insurance agent, is married and re- sides at Columbus, Kan.; Hugh Parks is also married, and engaged in farming in Gage County, Neb., while J. Calvin is editor of the Keithsburg Times. Mr. Mitchell has given his children excellent educational advantages, all of them, except John, having at- tended the colleges at Galesburg and Monmouth. In their religious belief, Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are Presbyterians. Starting in an humble way on 40 acres of very broken, hilly land, by dint of courage and persever- ance Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell saved enough from the proceeds of this farm to enable them to buy a large farm, to which they moved in 1847. Being success- ful in this venture, they decided, in 1853, on a new enterprise, that of keeping a country tavern in con- nection with the farm. To this farm belonged a small village, called Cassville. Here he held the office of Postmaster As there was no line of travel except overland, the tavern, in connection with the farm, proved a remunera'.ive business; but, desiring to turn his whole attention to farming, Mr. M. de- cided to remove his family to Illinois. He came to Knox County in the fall of 1864, as above stated. Feeling the decrepitude of age and hard farm life coming on and having educated both his sons, both at school and in the art of farming, he decided to leave the management of the farms to them, and re- tired to the village on the handsome competency left him. Mr. M. is a Democrat in politics, and a man whose character has ever been associated with the conscious rectitude noticeable to those who know him or have been connected with him in business trans- actions. His convictions regarding duty are firm, and his integrity widely acknowledged. In the building up of his adopted State, he has faithfully performed all of a citizen's part, and displayed a sturdy interest in whatever seemed to contribute to the general good. To crown an old age already honored, this gentle- man has seen his children grow up and enter suc- cessfully upon life's stage, while the warm wishes of innumerable friends will no doubt continue to render the remainder of his life a source of undiminished happiness. His portrait, as one of the most es- teemed citizens of the county, is given in connection with this sketch. S;b,harles H. Nelson, Esq., is a prominent il|||^^!a lawyer and farmer residing at Henderson. 3lii?» '*' He came to Knox County in 1843, from Beaver County, Pa., and settled in his pres- ent location. He has here established a most desirable home and has interesting occupation in the joint pursuits of agriculture and law. He was born in Munson, Mass, on the 2d of June, 1830, and when only two years old emigrated with his parents to Western New York, and thence to Pennsylvania. Here they lived until 1843, when they came to Knox County. His mother's decease took place in Penn- sylvania, his father dying later in Henderson Town- ship. Receiving only a common-school education, and being much devoted to books, he gave a great many of his private hours to the study of various worthy subjects. Mr. Nelson, while employed in a store in Hender- son, was so anxious to make a success of his contem- plated profession that between times he would study law with an energy that often surprised himself Dur- ing the winter of 1862 he was admitted to the bar in Chicago, and for several years devoted himself to the practice of his profession in Henderson. He has a well-tilled farm of about 300 acres, to which he has given special attention and which shows ws ♦ i XJVOX COUNTY. ^^^ the result of intelligent labor. He was married in Henderson on the 8th of November, 1882, to Miss Ruth A. Cook, the daughter of James and Mary (Chaffee) Cook, both natives of Ohio. They came to Knox County in 1861, where the mother died in 1864. The father still survives, and is a gentleman who has gathered around him a wide circle of substantial friends. Mrs. Nelson was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, June 6, 1843. The subject of this history has held the office of Supervisor and School Trustee for some years. He is one of the very prominent men of his township and county, in whom a great number have occasion to place the utmost confidence, while his advice on mat- ters outside and apart from law is sought after by a large class of the community. Politically his sympa- thies are entirely with the Democratic party, and on all measures affecting it he keeps himself constantly posted. ^smuel Rankin. Knox County claims many enterprising and industrious men, whose characters hold the elements of worthy citizens and residents, and of whom she may justly be proud. Among these may be cited Samuel Rankin, a farmer living on section 2, of Henderson Township, whose claim to a high place among the aforementioned gentlemen is undisputed. His enterprise, both as a man and citi- zen, is commendably large, and prosperity has crowned the honest endeavors which he has put forth with success. The subject of this personal notice came to Knox County in January, 1875, from Henry County, 111. He settled in Henderson Township, on the section above named, and there purchased 200 acres, which he has since cultivated and improved, and there built up a home. At the present day he is in possession of 2S0 acres of land, most of it extremely fertile and productive. Mr. Rankin was born in Fayette County, Pa., March 10, 1844, in which section of the country he passed the time till he reached the age of 19 years, teaching school several terms. With an eager desire to " Go West, young man," he took the advice of the immortal Greeley, and set his face toward the occi- dental regions, landing at Denver, where he engaged in teaming, and shortly after returned to Knox County, where he remained almost one year. He then returned to his native home in Pennsylvania, where he remained about one year. While in Knox County he met and married Miss Mary D. Hender- son. From Pennsylvania he moved with his wife to Henry County, 111., where they remained seven years. Not liking his place, he sold out and removed to his present home. Mrs. Rankin was the daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Dunlap) Henderson. They were natives of Fayette County, Pa., and emigrated to Knox County in 1855, and settled on the farm where Mr. R. now lives. The demise of the mother occurred in 1869, and that of the father on Jan. 13, 1873. Mrs. Rankin was third in order of birth of a family of seven children. She was born in Fay- ette County, Pa., Aug. 25, 1842. Resulting from the union of Mr. and Mrs. Rankin is the birth of five children, as follows: Thomas A., William F., Minnie E., Samuel S. and Horace A. Thomas A. died at the age of 18 months, at a period' when he had endeared all hearts to him by the inno- cent glee of infancy. Mr. Rankin, of this notice, is a stirring business^; man, both in matters relative to public and private good. He has held the office of Supervisor of his township three years, and of Assessor two years, and has reflected honor and credit upon himself and his constituents. He is identified with the Dem- ocratic party, although his principles are of the broad class that look to the man more than to the party. The parents of our subject were William and Eliza (Junk) Rankin, natives of Pennsylvania. The father died in the spring of 1877, and his wife, who still survives him, resides in Fayette County, Pa. Mr. Rankin is of Scotch Irish descent. ®J^)/OTS*v.'Wv>. ~v'W-'v«jfiC£r®^'» ob B. Sargeant. As a representative citi- zen of the agricultural class of Knox County, and a gentleman whose sterling worth and integrity, we take pleasure in giving the few following facts regarding, is Job B. Sargeant. His fine farm is on section 12, Maquon Township, where he is industriously en- gaged in its cultivation. His parents, Theodore and ^ •e4; 4-*' 422 KNOX COUNTY. ^ Rachel (Brown) Sargeant, are natives of Maine and Virginia respectively. The father was in the War of 18 1 2, and also in the Black Hawk War. They were married Nov. 5, 1824, and made settlement in Ful- ton County, 111., where they passed the remainder of their lives, dying in Farraington, 111., the father on July 15, 187 I, and the mother July 17, 1881. Their family consisted of ten children, five of whom sur- vive. The record is as follows : Lydia, Daniel B., Job B., Sarah E., Joel, Mary A., Charles and Abra- ham, and two who died in infancy. Job B. was born in Farmington, 111., Oct. 11, 1834. His education was somewhat limited, being confined to the common schools of his district. He passed his early life in assisting his father on the farm until he came to his majority, at which time he rented a farm in Fulton, and also one in Peoria County, and operated these until his removal to Knox County, in Feb., 1868. Before his arrival in Knox County he purchased 160 acres on section 12, Maquon Town- ship, upon which he settled, and is residing at the present time. He has improved the farm by erect- ing convenient and substantial buildings, and is now the possessor of 320 acres of finely improved land, 270 of which is under excellent cultivation. Mr. Sargeant was married in Farraington, 111., Oct. 25, 1855, 10 Miss Annie Cook, daughter of John and Frances (Brakefield) Cook. Her parents were na- tives of England, and there Ihey were married. They emigrated to America in the year 1845, first making a settlement in York State, and seven years later came to Fulton County, 111., where her father followed the vocation of a farmer. He died at Farm- ington, III., April 28, 18157, his wife dying at the same place Feb. 11, 1868. They had been blessed by a family of ten children, six of whom grew to the age of man and womanhood, and are as follows : Ann, Charlotte, Francis, John, Harriet M., Martha H., Alfred, Mary E. sjnd two infants, deceased. Mrs. Sargeant was born in England, March 24, 1835, and was nine years of age when she came to the United States. Mr. and Mrs. S. were the parents of four children, named Ella M., Charles T., Frank- lin W. and John E. Ella died Dec. 11, 1857, when about one year old. Charles married Elizabeth Foster, and they are at present residing in Maquon Township; Edgar C. is their only child. Franklin and John still reside upon the old farm. Mr. Sargeant has been School Director, and in -H- politics is identified with the Republican party. He is one of the solid and substantial men of the place, and his wife is one of the most amiable and intelli- gent women of the community. ^3= ei- _j Cochrun, deceased, a pioneer of of 1837, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, Aug. 27, 1809. He was a S^ son of Simon and Margaret Cochrun, natives !j^ of Virginia. Our subject was reared on a 1 farm and received the advantages of a com- mon-school education, and at an early age was ap- prenticed to the blacksmith trade. He united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1825 ; and was married in his native county Aug. 22, 1833, to Miss Nancy I. Cannon. He emigrated to Knox County in October, r837, locating at Abingdon. Here he engaged in blacksmithing for a time, and in 1867 entered the drug business in Murray, Iowa. Mr. Cochrun was a Republican in politics, and held many of the local offices, among them those of>< School Director, Assessor and Postmaster. His death occurred in July, 1884. His widow still sur- vives him. The family of Mr. and Mrs. C. consisted. of four children. .}.-., !.on. H. P. Wood. This gentleman, whose commercial transactions have borne so im- portant a part in his community, occupies the position of banker and merchant, and is closely identified with most of the business in- terests of Wataga. He came to Illinois in the spring of 1856. He had previously resided at Bos- ton, Mass., though a native of Vermont, having been born there Sept. 12, 1818. His parents, notable for their general good sense and integrity in the com- munity with whom they held intercourse, were Will- iam and Hannah (Parish) Wood. Originally they came from Connecticut and Brookfield, Vermont. Wm. Wood was born in Lanesboro, Berkshire County, Mass., Aug. 24, 1790, and died at Westford, Vt., April 5, 1845, in the 55th year of his age. Han- nah Parish, his wife, and mother of Hon. H. P. Wood, was born in the town of Brookfield, Orange \ Residence of Mrs. M.S.Lowry, Sec I6. CedarTownship. LIBRARY OF THE i::'.VERSlTY OF ILUHC13 ^^ KNOX COUNTY. 425 4^H Co., Vt., March 7, 1795, and died at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. Goodhue, in New Lisbon, Wis., in August, 1SS3, in the SSth year of her age. Her remains were taken to Vermont and buried by the side of her husband, in the old cemeterj' at VVestford Hollow, so called, near where our subject resided until he moved to Boston, Mass., in tlie year 1851. They were tlie parents of ten children, of whom five are living at this time, H. P. being the second one of the number. His first wife, Hannah M. Bowman, was born in Binghamton, Broome Co., N. Y., Feb. 3, 1820, died at Wataga, Knox Co., 111., Oct. 7, 1872, in the 53d year of her age. They were married at West- ford, Vt., Sept. 28, 1841, and had two children — a son, Wm. H., who has been engaged in business witli him since 1868 at Wataga; and a daughter, Emma J., both of whom are living at this time. His second wife, Mrs. Mahiah (Phelps) Watkins, daughter of Warren Phelps, and widow of Henry Watkins, was born in Enfield, Tompkins Co., N. Y., May 14, 1834, and with her parents moved to this county and State in 1856. They were married at Wataga, Kno.\ Co., 111., Jan. I, 1876. Her father, Warren Plielps, was born in the State of New York in 1787, where he lived un- til he moved to Knox County, 111., in 1856. He died in 1859 in the 7 2d year of his age. H. P. Wood, when living in Vermont, was engaged in mer- cantile, tanning and currying and farming business ; when in Boston, Mass., in the produce and commis- sion business; since living in this county he has been engaged in the mercantile and farming business. He has been Township School Treasurer for the last 25 years. The elder Mr. Wood followed the calling ot leather manufacturer and merchant in Westford, Vt., and followed this business for more than thirty years, when, in 1840, his health failing, he retired, leaving his affairs in the hands of his two sons, Wm. S. and Hannibal P., who continued their father's business for ten years. The father, dying in Vermont in 1855, was lost to many friends who not only admired but were benefited by his direct and honest dealing. He was one of the old-time Whigs, and prominently showed his leanings in the politics of the hour and sociology of the period. For a con.siderable time he was Assistant Judge of the County Court, as well as an untiring representative in the Legislative Assem- bly. Identified to a very large extent with the various and prominent interests of his county and State, he was sought after when his advice was needed or his judgment considered necessary in the direction of af- fairs. Being a self-made man, he attracted the no- tice of such as look below the surface when seeking the cliaracteristics of strong minds, and accordingly the earnest inquirer after aid in any one direction readily found in him the right man. He, by reason of his liberality in assisting others and the expense of rearing a large family, did not become possessed of a large estate. He was a foremost member in the Congregational Church. The gentleman whose biography forms the chief item of interest in this sketch remained at his home until he had reached the age of ig years, when his father's business fell to the care of himself and brother. This he actively engaged in until lie was 29 years old, his academical training at this period being of great assistance to him. Proceeding to Boston in 1850, Mr. Wood bscame a leading member of the produce commission bus- iness, in which capacity he met with more or less 1 success for five years, when in the spring of 1856 he removed to Wataga, Knox Co., 111. Here he pur- 1 chased real estate to some extent, at the same time acquired an interest in a store with a Mr. Babcock, where he remained until 1862, when he purchased and added to his own interest that of Mr. Babcock. At this juncture his brother, Wm. S., became his partner, and the business flourished under their com- bined efforts until the year 1868, when Wm. S. re- sold his interest in favor of his brother. Since the latter date the firm has been conducted under the name of H. P. Wood & Co. At the present date Mr. Wood includes in his business callings banking, as well as other mercantile interests, these having been combined since 1862. His possessions include some excellent farm land, store, tenement houses and other property. Being returned to the Legisla- ture in 1881-2, he has shown rare aptitude in the capacity of adviser and representative. Apart from the honor shown him by his constituents, he has held the [josition of Postmaster from 1864 to 1867, be- sides creditably filling various other offices of the township. From 1872 to 1875 he served as Super- visor. By religious persuasion Mr. and Mrs. Wood be- long to the Congregational Church, a community among whom both these good people have won great respect through their sterling qualities. The church e4-^ i rH^ 426 KNOX COUNTY. counts in its membership some of the best and most substantial families of Knox County. Wherever the cause of good is likely to claim an adherent, Mr. Wood and his wife are found in readi- ness to render the necessary aid. Through his di- recting agency the church to which he now belongs exercises an influence more than in proportion to its wealth and the number of its members. In the interest of the county and State Mr. W. is considered a sound economist and practical finan- cier, and in whatever official capacity he is likely to be placed in the future, there is no doubt but that his influence will prove worthy of commendation. ■ A I. -\ — r^^ S'llf ames R. Catterton. The gentleman whose name we give in connection with this no- tice came to Knox County in 1854, from Lawrence County, 111., and settled in Truro Township, where he lived for something over a year, and then moved lo Elba Township. X There he purchased 200 acres of land on section 8, where he has since lived. He has erected a fine res- idence on his farm to take the place of one which was destroyed by fire Dec. 6, 1882. At this writing he is the owner of 203 acres, 120 of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. Mr. Catterton was born in Bullitt County, Ky., Aug. 19, 1 819. In 1820, when he was quite young, his par- ents moved to Lawrence County, 111., and settled on the Wabash River, where our subject lived until he came to this county. His early life was spent in at- tending the common schools, and working at shoe- making and harness-making, which he followed for a livelihood until ^fier reaching maturity. He then en- gaged in the vocation of an agriculturist. In Febru- ary, 1848, Mr. Catterton entered the regular army, en- listing in the 3d U. S. Dragoons, and served in the Mexican War till July of the same year, when the war ceased and he was discharged at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., nothing of importance occurring during his en- listment. Mr. Catterton was married in Lawrence County, 111., Feb. 18, T849, to Sarah A. Organ, daughter of Daniel A. and Lucinda (Rowland) Organ, natives of Vir- ginia and Kentucky respectively. Her father was a Captain in the Black Hawk War in 1832. Her par- ents settled in Lawrence County, III., where her father followed farming and where both parents died. They had three children who lived to attain the age of man and womanhood, and were named Sarah, Mary J. and John P. Sarah A., the wife of our subject, was born in Lawrence County, III., Sept. 28, 1830, and has borne her husband (Mr. Catterton) seven children, of whom three survive, namely : Aurora A., Mary F. and Lura B. ; the deceased are Sylvester, Martha J., Sarah A. and Edward M. Aurora is the wife of Samuel McKee, a farmer who resides in Sum- mit, 111., and they have three children — Adam E., Samuel G. and James C. ; Mary Catterton is the wife of John H. Johnson, a druggist, and resides in London Mills, Fulton County ; they have one child — Stella F. ; Lura is the wife of Peter Norton, a farmer of Elba Township, and their daughter's name is Meda Rosalia, born Sept. r3, 1885. The Organ family were originally from England. Enoch Organ, the grandfaiherof Mrs. Catterton, was born in Virginia, and was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Mr. Catterton 's ancestry is Scotch, and his grandfather was a soldier in the War of the Rev- olution. Dilar F. Catterton, the father of tlie sub-V ject of this sketch, was a soldier in the War of 18 12, serving five years; a portion of the time he was in the command under Gen. Harrison and was in Jackson's army in the South, and at New Orleans when the English army was defeated. The parents of Mr. Catterton were Dilar F. and Anna (Robinson) Catterton, natives of Maryland and Kentucky respectively. They were married and set- tled in the latter State, from whence they removed to Lawrence County, 111., where the father followed the trade of a shoemaker, and where both parents re- sided until their demise ; the mother died about 1832, and the father in 1867. Six children were born to them, named John, Nancy, James, Mary, Mar- tha and Isaac. James Catterton has been Overseer of Highways and School Director in his township, and is a re- spected and lionored citizen of the same. He enlisted, in July, r862, in Co. H, of the io2d III. Vol. Inf , and served his country faithfully and well until July 7, r865. He enlisted as a private, and in November, 1862, met with a serious accident near Green River, Ky., by a mule falling upon him. This injury incapacitated him from active duty until the fall of 1863. He was detached and assigned to the he i ^ KNOX COUNTY. 427 2d Bat. of Invalids or Veteran Reserve, and was dis- charged at Rock Island, 111., at the date above men- tioned, when he returned to this county and once more entered upon the peaceful pursuits of life. He and his wife, together with their children, are mem- bers of the Christian Church. In politics Mr. Cat- terton is a stanch and active Republican. A view of the fine residence of Mr. Catterton appears in connection with this sketch. 4h. ohn W. Games is among the oldest of the settlers now residing in Knoxville. He was born near Staunton, Augusta Co., Va., on the 2 2d of May, 1808. His father, Abraham Carnes, was a native of the North of Ireland and originally of Scottish descent. His ances- tors emigrated from Ireland during the religious wars, ■ his father arriving in this country while yet a young • man. He located in Virginia and married Miss \ Elizabeth Thompson, a native of Augusta County, i -that State. In 18 10 he removed with his wife and >f six children to Ohio, and settled in Knox County, which he had previously visited. He was for a short time a soldier in the War of 181 2, and fought against the Indians at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. He remained in Knox County until 18 16, when he again set out to go farther westward. Traveling toward the Musking- um River, he there purchased a boat and proceeded down the Ohio River until he reached Henderson, Ky., a district then known as The Yellow Banks. Subsequently his fatlier bought a house and claim near the Wabasli River, Vincennes, from which he afterward moved to Illinois and selected a location, where for a time he lived with hisrfamily, but in the following summer moved to that part of Crawford now known as Lawrence County. This was in September, 181 6, at a period when Illinois was as yet a Terri- tory. Employing himself in stock-raising and strictly adhering to business, he became prominent among his neighbors, and was finally chosen to many offices of trust. Twice he represented his district in the State Legislature, where, for firmness as a iwlitician, he became the general remark of the Assembly ; it was through his efforts that Lawrence County was formed and so named. At the time of his death he was still a member of that body. His demise took place in 1824. Subsequently, his widow died in Mor- -x gan County, By this marriage there were ten chil- dren, the subject of this biography being the sixth and only one living. He was two years old when his parents came to Ohio, and he had only reached his eighth year when they removed to the Territory of Illinois. In Lawrence County he grew to manhood, and when 17 years old entered upon an apjjrentice- ship of four years to the tailoring trade, at which he worked until the spring of 1830, when he undertook a trip on a flatboat, loaded with produce, and bound for New Orleans. He made a second trip the next year, and in 1831 re.noved to Jacksonville, Morgan County, where he opened a tailor shop and continued in business up to 1836. He then sold out the con- cern and came to Knoxville, where he opened a dry goods and grocery store in company with John Eads. In tliis branch of business he continued to operate successfully until rSyg. For the last few years he traded in clothing and gents' furnishing goods, giving general satisfaction to a large number of appreciative customers. Since 1879 he has lived in retirement, giving his entire attention to private interests and participating in the good work whicli his position en- tails upon him. On the 8th of October, r834 Mr. Carnes married Eleanor York, a native of Lexington, Ky., born July 28th, 1817, and whose demise took place the 8th of August, 1851. This exemi)lary mother left three chil- dren to mourn her loss. Of the two surviving, Mary is the wife of John Brewer, residing in Monmouth, and a druggist doing a thriving business; Sarah Elizabeth married O. A. Barnhart, and lives in Rock Island. Mr. Carnes was married the second time on the 7lh of September, 1857, the lady being Sarah Zook, born in Franklin County, Pa., March 6, i8t9, by whom he had one child — John Z. In |)olitics Mr. Carnes was originally of the Whig school and a supporter of Henry Clay. He, however, as years advanced, became a member of the Repub- lican party. illiam Corbin, a retired farmer, and one of the influential and wealthy citizens resi- j4,^p dent of Yates City, near the city limits, ''' was born in Culpeper County, Va., Jan. 5, 1809. His father, also named William Corbin, was a native of Virginia, and was born March 10, 1785. The paternal grandfather of our subject -H- 428 KNOX COUNTY. bore the same name, and was of English descent. He was identified with the dying struggles of the Revolutionarj' War. The maternal grandfather was Elisha Anderson, also a native of Virginia, and of Irish descent, and likewise a hero of Revolutionary fame. The father of William Corbin, Sr., was a farmer by occupation, and departed this life in Mus- kingum County, Ohio. The father of our subject was a soldier in the War of 1812, and although seriously wounded in one of the battles thereof distinguished himself for his innate bravery and manly courage, and came out of the vari- ous engagements in which he participated with fly- ing colors. He was under Col. Shackelford, whose son in later years captured the rebel Gen. Morgan. He was united in marriage in Culpeper County, Va., to Susan Anderson, a native of the same county, and born in 1790. In i8t5, he removed to Charleston, where he passed two years, removed to Ohio, and settled in Muskingum County, being one of the earli- est settlers of that section. Purchasing a tract of timber, on which stood a dilapidated building, he had a part of the land cleared and sold it at an ad- vanced price. He then purchased another tract of timber, which he cleared partially and also sold. Repeating this e.xperiment several times, he found that it paid measurably well, and was deeply en- gaged in these business ventures until the year 1867, when he died, in the full \ngor of manhood. The first wife of Mr. Corbin departed this life in 1821, and he re-married, his second choice being Margaret Lewis, a native of Ohio, who died in 1877. By the first marriage there were six children, and seven by the second. Our subject was the second child in the order of birth by the first marriage, and is the sole survivor. He was but eight years of age when his parents removed to Ohio, and grew to manhood in Muskingum County, assisting his father in clear- ing the different farms and remaining with him up to the time of his marriage. William Corbin began for himself on rented land, in the county in which he had chosen his life com- panion, and where he remained until 1836. On the 4th of October of that year, accompanied by his wife and one child, he started with two pairs of horses and two wagons to Illinois. Arriving at their destination, Farmington. Nov. 5, they passed the first night with a brother-in-law, near Farmington, and the following day visited Kno.x County. Liking the appearance of the country, and for the added reason that his brother Anderson, had settled there previously, they remained, first setting foot on Knox County soil one lovely Sabbath morning. The following day he went out gunning, killing his first deer, and on the following day attended election in Peoria County, voting for Gen. W. H. Harrison for President. Associating with his brother, they built a cabin, sharing the ex- pense, on the site of what is now Yates City, and here spent the winter. Meat was plenty, as they easily secured game, but breadstuffs were scarce, and dur- ing the winter he one day went in search of flour or wheat, driving several miles below Canton. He was disappointed, however, and on his return was glad to purchase corn, which he had gromid at the mill be- low that city. On his return trip he was caught in a blizzard, which his horses refused to face, and he was obliged to put up for the night, as otherwise he would probably have perished on the prairie. The following spring he rented the farm where the village of Elmwood stands. This he kept under culti- . vation for one year, then bought the southeast quarter of section 11, in what is now Salem Township, and in- cluded in Yates City. The land was wild at the time he bought it and only one house in sight. He built a small frame house and bravely began the im- provement of his possessions, breaking the first land lying within the city limits in r838. Remaining un- til 1844, he sold out and engaged in the manufact- ure of brick two years, then purchased a tract of wild prairie land lying on section 21, of the same town- ship. On this last estate he built a frame house, cultivating and fencing a part of the land, upon which he resided for two years, then exchanged for land lying on section 23, of this township. His lat- ter purchase included but 80 acres of plowed land, and there he erected a set of frame buildings, planted an orchard, enclosed all the homestead, and there lived until 1867. In November of that year he moved to the place he now occupies. Several years pre- vious to this he had opened a coal bank and stone quarry on his farm, which two branches of business he superintended, working the farm with hired help. After coming to town he superintended the coal works and attended to the improvement of his other property in the village. He was a wide-awake and energetic business man, and his time was fully occu- pied with his duties. Mr. Corbin has been twice married, his first wife V LIBRARY OF THE L.::vERsiTy of illin' I s? 4 KNOX COUNTY. 431 being Rachel McGinnis, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Johnson and Jane McGinnis. She died in 1840, leaving four children — Marj' E., wife of William Gould, of Salem Township; Charlotte, widow of Abner Arrasmith, whose home is in John- son County, Kan.; Susan J., who married Edwin R. Gooding, and who lives in the same county and State; and Rachel. His second marriage took place June 17, 1842, with Lucinda Tabor, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, May 26, 1825. She was the daughter of Philip and Elizabeth (Newman) Tabor, her father being a native of New York State and her mother of Virginia. Four children were born to this marriage — Elizabeth, wife of Thomas N. Hancock, who resides in Johnson County, Kan. ; and Sophia A., wife of G. W. Goodring, who lives in Sumner County. Kan.; two died in infancy. Mr. Corbin was the seventh voter who located in Salem Township, and has been a Republican since the formation of that party. Mr. Tabor, Mrs. Corbin's father, was a pioneer in Knox County, coming as early as 1838, and locating in Salem Township. He died here July 8, 1868; the mother died March 20, 1876, in f** Lucas County, Iowa. ijS'jJjoanerges Ely. .\mong the large land- ^fcS4? owners of Knox County, resident at Wa- I'Wc^ taga, and a gentleman who is respected ^®* for his sterling worth and integrity, is the '* subject of this short biographical notice. What Mr. Ely has of this world's goods has not been obtained through the recipiency of any legacy, but has been acquired through liis own in- domitable energy and perseverance, coupled with the active co-operation of his wife and children. Mr. Ely was born Dec. 2t, 1821, in Claiborne County, East Tennessee. His parents were Solo- mon and Rachel (Turner) Ely, natives of that State, and came to Illinois in 1834, settling in Macon County, where the father purchased a farm and where the two good old people lived until called to their home beyond. Their family of children were II in number, named as follows : Gideon, Achsah, Abigail, Philologus, Oliver, Minerva, Susanna, Da- rius, Abimelech and Augustus W. The father of Mr. Ely was of German descent and a great Bible reader, and gave most of his children biblical names. Mr. Ely of this notice was the third in order of birth of his parents' children. He received a com- mon-school education and lived with the old folks until he attained his majority. From the age of 16 years until he became his own man, he worked out out by the month to assist in the maintenance of the family, the remuneration for his services being ap- plied by his father toward the payment of a farm. On reaching manhood, and starting out in the world to do for himself, all he asked or all that he received from his parents was a " God bless you." Leaving the old homestead where he had spent so many pleasant days, he went forth to fight against the trials of life, and, until he arrived at the age of 29 years, he worked out by the month. Nevertheless, when 25 years of age, he came to this county and purchased 120 acres of land near the village of Wa- taga, but, having an insufficiency of means to im- prove it, continued to work for others until 1848, to procure means for the erection of a house upon his land. The time came when he was enabled to put up his little frame building, and onto this tract of land he moved and engaged energetically in its cul- tivation and improvement, and there laid the foun- dation of his present handsome competency. He has subsequently added to his original purchase from time to time, until he is at present the proprie- tor of 650 acres of rich and productive land under an exceedingly high state of cultivation and valued, every acre of it, at $70. The buildings upon his place cost him about $8,000, and there he lives, sur- rounded by a loving and happy family, retired from active labor and enjoying the accumulations of an honorable past. Mr. Ely, Nov. 3, 1S50, joined the army of bene- dicts and increased the happiness of his life by mar- rying Miss Mary Duval. She is the accomplished daughter of T. C. Duval (see sketch), and the house- hold has been brightened by the birtli of three chil- dren, whom the parents have named Nancy A., Ella and William. The firstborn became the wife of John H. DeiViing, and is enjoying a happy life with him at Wataga; Ella married Samuel Temple and has borne him one son — Howard ; they live in South- west Kansas ; William L. Ely united his destiny with Ada Willraott, and is a resident of Traill County, Dak. Politically, Mr. Ely votes the Republican ticket. He has held the office of Street Commissioner for .xrz 1 432 KNOX COUNTY. two years. As will be seen from the perusal of this notice, success has attended him in all his efforts, and he is respected and honored for what he has been as well as what he is. We are pleased to be able to present the portrait of this excellent and representative citizen of Knox County. U. Wetmore, one of the prominent and successful farmeis and highly respected cit- izens of Ontario Township, residing on sec- tion 30, is the subject of this notice. He was born in Rio Township, Feb. 17, 1844, and is a son of Isaac M. Wetmore, a miller and mer- chant for some years, and later a farmer, after com- ing to Illinois in September, 1836, from Whitesboio, Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was born. He first lo- cated in Rio Township, and in the spring of 1845 settled in Ontario Township, when it contained only a sparse and scattered population, the prairie being mostly an unbroken waste, and the advantages of civilized life of a very primitive character. The father built, in 1845, ^ remarkably fine house of solid black-walnut, which is yet in an excellent state of preservation and repair, and when built was the best dwelling in the township. This brave pioneer, after nobly doing his part in laying the foundations of a great commonwealth, and witnessing some of the most remarkable changes and progress in the world's history, died May 12, 1881, aged 72 years. The mother, formerly Mary L. Morse, a native of Her- kimer County, N. Y., died in September, 1866, at her home in this township, aged about 56 years. Mr. Isaac U. Wetmore was the youngest son and sixth child of a family of eight children. He was ed- ucated in his township and in the preparatory depart- ment of Knox College, Galesburg, otherwise having resided at home on his father's farm ever since his birth. He was married in Ontario Township, Sept. 8, 1867, to Miss Adeline Case, a native of Marcellus, N. Y., where she was born Dec. 24, 1847, and was the daughter of Erastus and Ann M. Case. The father was a traveling salesman during most of his lifetime, and both parents were natives of the East; the former of New England ancestry, and the mother, whose family name was Swift, being of direct English descent. Her ancestors came from Essex County, England, in 1630, William Case being the first of the family of whom any account is preserved. The Wetmore family, on the other hand, settled in the west of England in 1635. Mrs. Wetmore came to Illinois in September, 1867, having been a teacher in Wayne County, N. Y., and taught some time in Ontario Township after coming West. She is the mother of five children — Nellie E., Carrie A., Rose M., Fannie A. and Freddie I. ; the last two being twins. Since their marriage Mr. W. has resided on the old homestead, which he now owns, a well located and splendidly improved farm, con- sisting of 220 acres. They are both leading, active members of the Baptist Church, of which denomina- tion Mr. W. is a Deacon, and for many years has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school. In pol- itics he is an earnest advocate of the Republican party, as was his father before him. The father of our subject was also an active Abolitionist, taking a prominent part in the Anti-Slavery agitation, and as- sisting as " engineer " in the piloting of many a poor ' slave over the " Underground Railroad " to freedom. He inherited the rugged character of his father be- [ fore him, gauging his duty by the lofty principles"* which guided that father through a long and success- ful life, and with him there was no such thing as a compromise with any private wrong or pu'olic immor- ality. He passed away after he had achieved many successes in life's battles, and it would be well for the community and State if such as he had been more frequently called into public affairs, leaving more of the self-seeking professionals at home. :,on. Zelotes Cooley by profession is an at- torney at law, and has a very extensive practice from a large number of first-class clients. He was born in East Windsor, Conn., on Nov. 10, 1808, his father being Aaron Cooley, a native of Massachusetts, and by trade a carpenter. The latter, removing to Glastonbury in 1816, continued to pursue his trade with marked suc- cess for some years. Later in life, however, he fol- lowed coasting on the Connecticut River, and died at Glastonbury in the year 1829. The maiden name of Mr. Cooley's mother was Chloe Bid well. She was born in East Windsor, and died at the same place as her husband, about the 4; i. KNOX COUNTY. 433 year 1875. Through this marriage there were four children — Zelotes being the the eldest; Charlotte, who died in 1882; Frederick, in 1884 ; and Loring, who departed this life in 1840. The subject of this biography is the only surviving child of Aaron Cooley's family. At the early age of eight years, he removed with his parents to Glaston- bury, and until his tenth year showed a ready apti- tude in the acquirement of knowledge. As it is truly said "the boy is ofttimes father to the man," no more striking instance of this could well be found than in the lad Zelotes. At the close of his sixteenth year, he proceeded to Hartford to learn his father's original trade of carpen- ter and joiner, and subsequently he was to be found busily engaged at work in Westfield, Mass. At Poughkeepsie, N. Y., we find him, later on, in the grocery business, which he successfully pursued. Here he remained until September, 1837. Travel- ing next to Philadelphia, and then via canal and rail to Pittsburg, from thence down the Ohio and up the Mississippi River and through Illinois, he reached LaGrange, and from thence proceeded to walk to Quincy, which pedestrian journey occupied him four days. Again, however, he started out, this time for Macomb, in company with Alvah Wheeler. Our travelers succeeded in riding 20 miles, then the res- olution was taken to walk the remainder of the jour- ney to Carthage. At the Court House in Carthage, they secured employment for the winter season, but in the spring of 1838 came to Knox County. Be- coming partner with Mr. Wheeler, the firm secured the contract to build a Court House in Knoxville, from plans and specifications drawn by Mr. Cooley's own pencil. This work was completed during the fall of 1839, and our subject continued in the calling of contractor and builder down to the year 1846. The Court House which they erected is the one still standing in Knoxville. In the summer of 1846 Mr. Cooley was appointed by the County Commissioners Treasurer of the county. In 1847 he was elected County Clerk, which position he filled with honor to himself and satisfac- tion to others, up to the ist of December, r857,from , which period he has devoted his entire attention to the practice of law and private affairs. In December, 1833, Mr. Cooley was united in mar- riage with Miss Julia A. Hanks, whose birthplace was Lyme, Conn. Four children were born to Mr. Cooley and wife ; two only of these are living — Ella, wife of David W. Bradshaw, residing in Galesburg; and Jennie, wife of Sam'l L. Charles, whose residence is in Aurora. Mrs. Julia A. Cooley died in 1868. She was a wo- man of rare qualities of mind, and those who enjoyed her acquaintance are ever ready to testify of her be- nevolence and charity as exercised toward the needy and distressed. From a political standpoint, Mr. Cooley has al- ways been considered practical in his methods and thorough in his manner of dealing with questions of moment. The readiness of his intellectual foresight has induced those who know him to place the utmost confidence in his decisions, whether these pertain to legal or political matters. His honesty of purpose stands out prominently in his daily inter- course with men, a quality which has been largely supplemented and sustained by his early training. To this latter he owes much of the successor his life. In politics he is a stanch Democrat. ^^Jobias Woods. Only a brief summary of ^K the lives of many of the residents of Knox r""* County is given in these records, but they go to show their claim to genuine manhood, ^ citizenship, and an honored place among the I active workers of life. Among these none is better fitted to draw forth approbation than the sub- ject of our sketch, whose home is situated in the thriving little village of Maquon, and who is retired from the active labors of farm life. The parents of our subject were James and Cath- erine (Sarver) Woods, who were natives of Pennsyl- vania. The father was of Scotch-Irisli and the mother of Dutch ancestry. Their family consisted of eight children, bearing the names of John, James, Fannie, Tobias, Catherine, Sarah, Mary and Joseph. Tobias Woods was born in Allegheny County, Pa., Oct. 27, 1820. He remained at that place until he had attained the age of majority, when he removed to Venango County. Pa., at which place he remained until the spring of 1867. While there he engaged in different occupations, his chief business being that of an agriculturist. The spring of the year 1867 was the date of his arrival in Knox County; he came hither with his parents' family, making settlement in 4^- X: Hr ■^ 434 K^OX COUNTY. Chestnut Township. He afterward rented a farm for the period of two years, subsequently purchasing 1 20 acres of land, on which he resided until 1882, when he made his final move to the village of Ma- quon. He is the owner of 1 17 acres of tillable land. Mr. Woods was married to Miss Mary J. Hender- son, in Venansio County, Pa., Oct. 31, 1850. She is the aimable daughter of Charles and Mary (Simcox) Henderson. The father was a native of Ireland and the mother of Pennsylvania. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Henderson consists of nine children. The record is as follows : Shadrach, Margaret, Robert, Archie, William, Johnnie, Mary J., Eleanor and Nancy. Mrs. Woods, of whom we write, was born in Ve- nango County, Pa., Aug. 29, 1829. She has borne her husband nine children, namely: James, Charles, Frances M., Tobias, Jr., Henderson, Harvey, Kate, John and Robert. Charles Woods married Jose- phine Roberts, and they are at present residing in Nebraska; Frank H. is the name of their only son. The other members of the family are residing at , home. In politics our subject is a firm adherent to the principles of the Democratic party. ji- ichard P. Poster is one of the early set- tlers in Maquon Township, and a gentle- man highly respected as a citizen and farmer, and is at present residing on his homestead, located on section 33. He is the son of Richard and Nancy (Shrives) Foster, natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Knox County in 1852, settling in Maquon Township, where he has since lived, engaged in the independent caUing of an agriculttirist. Here the wife and mother died. They had been blest with 1 1 children, two of whom died in infancy. Those living are Emanuel, Elvira, Sylves- ter, Wealthy, Charity, James M., Asenath, Richard P. and Samantha. The subject of our sketch was born in Highland County, Ohio, June 22, 1842, and was nine years of age when his parents removed to Knox County. He had received a common-school education, and since that time has been engaged in agriculture. He was united in the holy bonds of matrimony at Knoxville, Jan. 20, 1872, with Amanda E., daughter of Samuel and Nancy Plummer(see sketch of Samuel Plummer). Mrs. Foster was born in Fulton County, 111., July 26, 1854, and has borne her husband five children, namely: Albert O., Samuel B., Selden G., Norman and Lena A. Mr. Foster has been School Director of his town- ship, and politically votes with the Democratic party. He is one of the most successful stock-raisers of his township and keeps a herd of 40 cattle and 25 head of horses, and fattens from 50 to 75 head of hogs an- nually. He is the owner of 160 acres of prime land, the major portion of which is tillable. He is one of Kno.x County's solid and substantial men. V. B. Carley. Lying within the limits of Knox County are many beautiful and homelike farms, owned by those men who only by diligent perseverance and untiring energy have won their homes. Among these, > conspicuous as being a substantial man and a good citizen, may be found the subject of this histor- ical notice, whose handsome home lies on section 5,>< of Sparta Township. He is characterized for his thrift and prudence, no less than his ability as a finan- cier, and may be pointed out to the coming gener- ation as an example worthy of imitation. Mr. Carley was born in Montgomery County, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1819, and his parents were Brookins and Ra- chel (Bennett) Carley. They were natives of New York State, wliere the father was proprietor of a ho- tel. He departed this life in Schoharie County, N. Y., in 1853; the mother passed to the life beyond from Tompkins County, N. Y., in 1865. To them were given seven children, all of whom lived to reach man and womanhood. They were named as follows: Eliza, now Mrs. Lanphere; James V. R.; David W.; Mary, Abraham, Helen and Adelia. The deceased are Adelia, Abraham, Helen and Mary. James V. R., of this narrative, was the second child in order of birth and remained at home after his father's death. He then, with his sister Eliza, whose capability proved to be remarkable, took charge of the bereaved little family, sent them to school and cared for them until they reached years of maturity. Each and all are possessed of intelligence and tal- ent and reflect credit upon the brave pair who took such a responsibility upon their young shoulders. All t- V KNOX COUNTY. 437 the daughters became teachers, and two of the broth- ers have adopted the medical profession. James, our subject, entered upon the life of a ped- agogue at the age of 22 and followed it for five years. In 1846 he was united in marriage with Miranda Phelps, and the result of this union was two chil- dren — Elnora and Warren M., which latter died at the age of three years. Elnoia became Mrs. Gad- dis, and departed this life iu 1882, at the age of 35. Mrs. Carley died in the year 1863. Soon after his marriage Mr. Carley and his sister Eliza provided a home for their aged mother, so that she was enabled to pass her declining years without care or anxiety. The second marriage of Mr. Carley was with Mary Armstrong, in 1864, and the result of their union was three children, two of whom survive — Lester E. and James M. Ozro W. died in 1870. The sec- ond Mrs. Carley was born in Cumberland County, Eng., March 29, 1840, and died in 1872. His third wife's maiden name was Clara E. Wicks, and five children have been born to them — Edna E., Jay V. R., Arthur B., Mabel and Clara E. Mr. Carley came to Illinois in 1850 and settled where he now lives, purchasing 77 acres of land. He afterward sold 25 acres of it, and to the 52 he has since added 108^^ acres. Since conii. g here he has made all modern improvements, building a house and barn and setting out trees, until be may be pardoned for taking a just pride in his beautiful surroundings. He values his land at $75 per acre, and it is fruitful and productive in the e.xtreme. In politics Mr. Carley is a firm Republican, advo- cating and voting for the doctrines of that organiza- tion. With his two sons, Lester E. and James M., he belongs to the Congregational Church, living out the principles of a noble Christian faith. ^^^Cohn H. Kimler. As a representative of the energetic portion of the agricultural class of this county, the subject of this sketch deserves mention. He is pleasantly located on his fine farm of 195 acres of rich and productive land on section i, Elba Township, and is there industriously engaged in the prosecution of his inde- pendent calling and meeting with success. Mr. Kimler came to this county in the spring of 1852, from Tazewell County, this State, and has since been closely identified with its agricultural de- velopment. On his arrival here he first made set- tlement in Truro Township, and there resided for about four years, when he sold out and moved to Iowa. In the latter State he resided for a little over si.x years, then returned to this county and purchased the farm on which he is at present residing, and where he has since lived. John H. Kimler was born in Montgomery County, Ind., Dec. 2, 1824; the name of his father was Evan Kimler; the maiden name of his mother was Love Walker. He lived in his native county until liis re- moval to Tazewell County, in 1850. He lived in the latter county for two years and then came to Knox County, and his entire life has been passed in agri- cultural pursuits. Mr. Kimler was married in Mont- gomery County, Ind., June 17, 1847, to Mary J. Lane, a native of Kentucky, and they have been blessed by the birth of 12 children and their house- hold saddened by the death of six. Those living are ' Benjamin F., Douglas, Evan, Walker, Otis L. and Preston; tlie deceased are Viola, Marena, Mary E , Marilla, Lillian and Percy. Mr. Kimler has held the office of Road Commis- sioner, and in politics is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. --^--^^^i^^l^^^^iy^k^^-^^ -^l^vjV} fl.t_ C. Maxwell. Among the representative men and noteworthy citizens of Knox fl'-^" ' "^ County may be found the subject of this jjr' notice, whose farm is located on section 14, in ^F Sparta Township. He is eminently worthy of V notice for his facility in business and his ability in his chosen vocation. He occupies a worthy pwsi- tion in his community, and has held many of the local offices. He has been Overseer of Highways, and is a helpful man in his township. He is somewhat in- terested in educational matters, and has been School Director for some years. Mr. Ma.xwell was born in Knox County, May 10, 1849. His parents are Robert and Sarah (Maxwell) Maxwell, both natives of Indiana, who, while yet children, came to Illinois with their parents, who set- tled in Clay County, and subsequently, in 1845, came to Knox County, when they settled in Henderson 4^ O: — x> 438 JS:ArOX COUNTY. Township. At present they live in Union County, Iowa, where he moved in 1873. He has followed school teaching combined with his agricultural pur- suits, with the exception of three years which he spent in the army To them has been born a family of five children, as follows: Eva, Joseph C, Josie, Maud and William. Mr. Maxwell of this sketch remained under the parental roof until he reached the estate of manhood, attending school and assisting on the farm. On reaching his majority he rented a farm in Henderson Township and followed agricultural pursuits until 1874. He then purchased 280 acres in the State of Iowa, on which he lived for three years. Prosperity crowned his efforts, and with the proceeds of this venture he returned to Illinois, where he settled in Sparta Township, purchasing 130 acres of land. At the present time he has a farm of 180 acres in Hen- derson Township and an interest in 160 acres in Iowa; on this last he carries on stock raising, breed- ing and selling. Mr. Maxwell was united in marriage in 1869, with Miss Eliza Duval, a native of Knox County and a daughter of Barryman and Mary (Wilkins) Duval. Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell have been given four chil- dren, by name Lula, Seth, Nattie and Willie. fohn Norris, retired farmer, residing on sec- tion I, Salem Township, Knox Co., 111., was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, Dec. 23, 1816. He is a son of John Norris, Sr., a ^C native of Maryland, having been born on the west bank of the Potomac River, in 1788. His grandfather, William Norris, was also a native of Maryland and of English descent. About the year 1804, William Norris emigrated to Ohio with his fam- ily, locating in Coshocton County, where he was among the early settlers. He purchased a tract of timber land and made extensive improvement upon it, remaining there the rest of his days. He married Margaret Potto, who was also a native of Maryland. John Norris, father of our subject, was but a lad of 16 years when he accompanied his parents to the Buckeye State. At that place he met and married Elizabeth Elson, a native of Brooke County, W. Va. He also purchased a tract of timber land, upon which he remained until 1830, at that time removing to that part of Marion now included in Crawford County. Here he secured a tract of timber land and remained there until his death, in 1854. His wife pre- ceded him to the better land, having died in 1839. After the death of his first wife, the father of our sub- ject was married to Rebecca Crainer, but enjoyed only a few years of married life, both dying of that dread disease, cholera, which swept over the country in 1854. The subject of our sketch was the fourth child and third son of his parents' family, and was 14 years of age when, with his parents, he came to Marion County. At that place his time was occupied in working on the farm and in acquiring a good educa- tion. He made his home with his parents until July 20, 1844, the date of his marriage with Susan Mary Arbuckle. She was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, Sept. 3, 1821, and is a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Stewart) Arbuckle, natives of Pennsyl- vania. There were eight children of the Arbuckle family, and five grew to man and womanhood. At the time of his marriage Mr. Norris rented land in Crawford County, and remained there until the year 1848, when, accompanied by his wife and two chil- dren, he started overland with a team and covered wagon for Illinois. After a tedious journey of 18 days they arrived at Peoria, where they made their home with friends, at Prospect Hill, four miles north of Peoria, until the March following, when he re- turned to Ohio with his family. Mrs. Norris was taken sick, and the physician advised a return to Ohio on account of her health. The route this time was via the river to Cincinnati and thence via rail- road to Crawford County. In June of the same year they again started with their team for Iowa, visiting Louisa, Washington, Jefferson and other counties. The prospects seeming very poor in that State, Mr. Norris returned after a few weeks to Knox County, landing here with only ten cents in his pocket, to- gether with a pair of horses and a wagon. Upon arrival in this county he engaged in teaming between Abingdon and Peoria, receiving for the same $1 per trip in cash and the balance in trade. He continued in that occupation until the spring following, when he rented a farm in Salem Township and commenced his career as agriculturist. He continued to rent land until 1854, when he purchased 80 acres on the west half of the southwest quarter of section i. Hy" \ ¥> -H KNOX COUNTY. ^> 439 Upon this place he erected a dwelling and remained there engaged in its improvement until 1865. At that date he disposed of this property and purchased a farm in Elba Townsliip, and lived upon it for one year. He then purchased the place he now owns and occupies. Our subject removed to Yates City in 1876, where he purchased village property, resid- ing there until 1880, when he returned to his farm. His land is located on the southeast quarter of sec- tion I, and is one of the most finely improved and best cultivated farms in the township. The children born to the union of John Norris and Miss Arbuckle are eight in number, and named James B., Elizabeth T., wife of D. Kelly, of Florida; William V., a farmer residing in Adams County, Iowa; Thomas A. is dead; Samuel Frank resides at home; J. Alva is a medical student; E. Bell, still at home; Ada L., wife of Dr. Royce, of Yates City. Thomas A. Norris was born June 25, 185 i, and died June 5, 1 87 I. Frank married Miss Nellie Robinson, and they have two children, whose names are Nellie Pearl and Happ F. Mr. Norris, of whom we write, cast his first presi- dential vote for Gen. Harrison, in 1840, but has been a Republican since 1856. Mrs. Norris was formerly a teacher in the public schools in Ohio, and in 1850 taught the district school at her home in Salem Township. In religion Mr. Norris is liberal in his views. WW§\^ illiam Best, retired harness-maker, was , o^^^'.j was born in Armstrong County, Pa., June "';, -^ ''-'■ 20, 1824. He is the son of Jacob and iVi?' Jane (Morris) Best. He learned his trade in ^iVf^ Pennsylvania and came to Illinois in 1854, I settling in Galesburg, and for the following three years engaged in farming. He then quit the tilling of the soil and opened a shop for the manufacture of harness. He had the misfortune to suffer the loss of his establishment by fire, and in 1861 we find him opening a new shop at Abingdon, which he con- ducted for 24 years, from 1861 10 1885. Mr. Best was married in Armstrong County, Pa., Feb. 19, 1857, Miss Elizabeth Reener being the lady of his choice. She was a daughter of John Reener, and was a native of the county in which she was married. They have been blest with five children, I . • -K two of whom were born in Pennsylvania and three in Illinois. The record is as follows : Sarah J. ; John K. married Jennie Barns and lives at Helena, M. T.; Myron H. became the husband of Orpha Forreston, and they reside at Abingdon ; William N. is a resi- dent of Helena; and Lemuel N. resides at Abing- don. Mr. and Mrs. Best are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and in politics Mr. B. is a firm adherent of the Republican party. .'; 'Tp Ni'.avid Warner. In the fall of 1857, when !i|i^M£l.i> Kno.x County had made a pleasant little 3|^^ ^ start and when a few small dwelling- TOV houses had begun to rise in and about section X S in Elba Township, prominent among those i who made settlement was the subject of this historical sketch, who came from Indiana County, Pa., and settled in Elba Township, wliere he pur- chased 50 acres of land. He has added to his original purchase until he now owns 105 acres, 80 of which are tillable and finely cultivated. Mr. Warner was born in Armstrong County, Pa., April 19, 1819, and lived in Pennsylvania until he came to Kno.x County. For 13 years he engaged in teaching school and carding wool while living there, and since coming to Knox County has given his at- tention to agricultural pursuits, and has taught school 17 winters besides. During his entire life he has taught 30 winters. He was married in Armstrong County, Pa., Aug. 28, 1844, to Nancy A. Wells, daughter of Edward and Mary (Rareigh) Wells, natives of Pennsylvania. They had a family of nine children, five of whom were boys and four girls. Mrs. W. was the si.xth child in order of birth; she was born in Indiana County, Pa., Oct. ii, 1823. Having no children, they have reared, cared for and instructed three children out of other families, believing in the prom- ise that " whoso careth for one of these, my little ones, shall be remembered of the Father, which is in Heaven." They are Agnes D. Wright, who is now the wife of Rev. William Parker, and who resides in Kansas; John W. Farster, who resides in York County, Neb.; and George Massie, who resides near Toulon, Stark County, 111. Mr. Warner has held the office of Assessor, School Trustee, Justice of the Peace and School Treasurer. e-- 440 KNOX COUNTY. Mr. and Mrs. Warner are congenial and consistent members of the Presbyterian Church in full and regular standing, and believe in and live forth the true principles of a noble religion. He has been Elder in the church for some 30 years. In politics he is identified with the Republican party, in the workings and beliefs of which organization he is an honest factor. The parents of our subject were Jacob and Jane (Walker) Warner, who were natives of Pennsylvania and were of Dutch descent as well as some slight admixture of Irish blood. They pursued the peace- ful vocation of farming, honoring themselves in that branch of labor. They continued on the farm in the State where they had labored, and died and were buried within its borders. Ti^p^dwin Calkins, deceased. To the early pio- ^^jj neers of this county is due far more credit f than can be given in a short biographical notice. For this reason we cannot enumerate in these sketches all the trials through which they passed in making early settlement here, for, as a general thing, their trials were similar, as likewise the obstacles they overcame, and we more fully refer to them in the historical part of this work. Among the early comers was the subject of this notice, who to-day is passing the sunset of life retired from act- ive labor, on his fine place on section 2, Sparta Township, he having tirst made settlement here in 1837- Mr. Calkins was born in Columbia County, N. Y., Oct. 23, 18 r I. His father was Elijah, and his mother Philena (Coleman) Calkins ; the former a native of New York and the latter of Connecticut. The father of Mr. Calkins made a visit to this country prior to 1837, and during his stay here purchased 160 acres of land for his children, when he returned to New York and there lived until 1857, when he came back to this county; some of iiis children having preceded him. Edwin Calkins was reared to the honorable call- ing of a farmer in New York State, there received his education and lived with his parents, engaged in ag- ricultural pursuits, until 1837. At that early day in the history of this county, he became a resident of it, settling on the r6o acres which his father had pre- viously purchased, and which was located in what is now Sparta Township. His parents had nine chil- dren, who were named Charles, Edwin, Polly M., Cynthia, Anson, Wilshire, Allen, Newton and Myra. Prior to his removal to this county, Edwin Calkins had learned the trade of a carpenter, and worked at the same in his native State for five years. Since coming here in 1837, he continued to reside on the identical tract of land which his father purchased 50 years ago, and there, for 49 years, he has lived and labored at his chosen profession. Wliat a wonderful change he has witnessed! Then, the lands were un- cultivated, and the broad prairies on which we to-day see such magnificent farms were hardly deemed worth settling upon, and even the woodlands were sparsely settled. To-day every acre is enclosed, and here are to be found some of the finest homesteads in the State. True, the old pioneers passed through many trials and encountered many obstacles, but they were rewarded; many of them by goodly pos- sessions, and those who did not accumulate largely experienced satisfaction in watching the develop- ment of the county, and of this number is Edwin Calkins. Prior to his coming here, Mr. Calkins concluded that it would be better for him to undergo the " terri- ble ordeal " of becoming a benedict, to the end that he might have a companion to share with him his successes — for he never dreamed of reverses in this undeveloped country. Consequently, on July 20, 1836, he was married to Harriet E. Parker, a native of Berkshire County, Mass., who accompanied him hither, and lived with him as his faithful companion until Nov. 5, 187 i, the date of her demise. Of their union five children were born — Frederick, Edwin J., Aurilla, Amasa C. and Harriet B. Aurilla married Harvey Bishop, and they have two children — Frede- rick and Harry; Frederick P. Calkins united his des- tiny with Emma Higgins, and to them five children have been born — Milton, Edith, Dale, Herbert and Hartley ; Judson Calkins married Salinda Green, and they have three children — Charles, Bertha and Hen- rietta; and he died Feb. 11, 1882; Amasa C. mar- ried Miss VanVleet, and their children are Edith, Ar- thur and Mabel; Harriet Calkins married Tilman Lumpkin, and they have one child — Inez. The father of our subject, after coming here and purchasing land, as stated, for his children, returned i OF THE i:!IVERSITY OF ILLIN' crr.^~-^ *t . - ..v. KNOX COUNTY. X 443 to New York and lived there until r8s7, when he came back here and resided with his son-in-law, Mr. Robbins, until his death, which took place May 2, 1857. His wife lived until Aug. 5, 1878. Edwin Calkins, our subject, in politics voted with the Re- publican party. Religiously, he was a member of the Methodist Church. He held the office of School Di- rector, and was one of the respected and honored cit- zens of Kno.x County. R udge Bobert L. Hannaman. No county in the State can boast of a better class of citizens in all the different departments of „ life than Knox County, whether of business Jt men, agriculturists, mechanics, or the profes- \ sions. Probably no other gentleman in the county has a greater number of friends or is more widely known than Robert L. Hannaman, who is passing the sunset of life in peace and quiet retire- ment at his home in Knoxville. His record has been an honorable one, and of the many hundreds who have been associated with him in the develop- ment of this county and in connection with its his- tory none can whisper of a dishonorable act and rightly impute it to him. Mr. Hannaman was born 30 miles above Portsmouth, on the Scioto River, in Scioto County, Ohio, Sept. 5, 1803, and his father, John Hannaman, was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1760. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Hannaman, Christopher Hannaman, was born in Germany, and the patronymic in the " Faderland " was spelled Hahnemann. The grandfather was married in his native country, and soon afterward emigrated to the United States, locating at Ch'jrry Valley^ N. Y., where he resided for a time, when he removed to Virginia, and there lived, near Wheeling, until his death. The father of our subject went to Virginia with his parents and there grew to manhood. He was married to Susanna Beebe, who was born on the shores of Maryland, June rr, 177 1. Late in the last century they emigrated to that part of the Span- ish possessions now included within the State of Illinois, being induced to come here by a proclama- tion issued by the Spanish Government, offering a tract of land to all svho would make actual settle- ment thereon. He located near the Mississippi River. It was a sickly locality in which he settled, and, two of his children dying there, he decided to emigrate. He accordingly removed to Kentucky, in consequence of which removal he lost the title to his land and the benefit of the improvements he had made thereon. In 1798-99 he left Kentucky and took up a residence in the then Territory of Ohio, becoming a pioneer of the Scioto Valley. He bought a tract of timber land near the mouth of Camp Creek, on which he located with his family, and there lived and labored, occupied in the improvement of his place, until i8i i. During this year he sold his farm and moved to Fayette County, where, three miles from the county seat, he purchased a farm, on which he lived for six years. Selling this land, he moved to Union County, where he purchased a tract of lieavy timber land and improved another farm. In 1823 he sold this farm and moved to Indiana, locating in Hamilton County, where he again pur- chased land and entered upon his chosen vocation. Of this tract he cleared too acres and there lived until 1830. In that year he sold his landed in- terests in Indiana and rame to the Prairie State, set- f< tling in Livingston County, where he " took up " Government land, on which he continued to re- side until Nov. 15, 1832, the date of his demise. His wife died in Knoxville ten years later, April 2, 1842. They were the parents of 14 children, 12 of which large family grew to attain the age of man and womanhood. Tlie subject of this notice was the tenth in order of birth of his parents' large family of children, and made his home with them until he was 19 years of age. He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools. When he was 16 years of age he studied surveying with Rev. Moses Hinkel, near Springfield, Ohio. During the winter seasons he taught school and in the summer worked on the farm. He then went to Indiana and was there en- gaged in surveying the subdivisions of the sections in Marion and Hamilton Counties. He was a resi- dent of the latter county when it was organized, and as a candidate of the Whig party >vas elected its first Recorder, before attaining his 20th year. .Mr. Hannaman was married in Union County, Ohio, March 6, 1823, to Hannah Plummer, born in Massachusetts, Feb. 6, 1803. She was a daughter of Asa and Deborah Plummer. Directly after his 4-^ X f4: 444 ■ Y. KNOX COUNTY. marriage, he returned with his bride to Hamilton County, Indiana, where he entered upon the duties of the office to which he had been elected. His father gave him 30 acres of timber land and built a log house upon it, in which the young couple began their first housekeeping. In the winter of 1824-25 our subject taught school near his log cabin in Ham- ilton County. His trials in life began early, for two years after his marriage, in 1825, his house with all its contents was destroyed by fire, together with all the county records of which he was custodian. He was thus robbed of all his possessions except his ax and his wife's spinning-wheel, these not being in the house, and with these they again began life anew. The following sumirer he rebuilt his cabin and there lived until the spring of 1826, when he sold out, and, having been appointed Sheriff of Hamilton County by Gov. Ray, he moved to Noblesville, the county seat of that county. His commission was dated Nov. 15, 1825. The following year he was elected County Surveyor and for ten years served in that capacity. The duties of that office, however, were chiefly performed by a deputy, and our subject in the meantime taught school. He also spent some time reading medicine, with the intention of practic- ing, but changed his mind and engaged in the study of law. After following up the latter study for three years, Nov. 13, 1830, he was admitted to the bar. In 1831, Mr. Hannaman formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, Jeremiah Leming, and they embarked in the mercantile trade at Nobles- ville, and successfully conducted the same for two years, when the partnership was dissolved and our subject continued the business alone for one year. He then took into partnership Deacons Stoops and Malery, and they continued to do an excellent bus- iness for two years, when, on account of President Jackson's action in withdrawing the funds of the United States Government from the United States Bank, in 1833, the partnership was dissolved. In 1834 Mr. Hannaman was elected to the Legislature and served two terms. In 1836 he came to this State, locating at Knoxville, where he engaged in the mercantile business, and was thus occupied for six years. In October, 1837, our subject was appointed Master in Chancery by Judge Ralston, which posi- tion he held several years. He was elected Probate Judge for a term of four years, at the expiration of which time he was re-elected. In 1844 he was nominated and placed on the Whig ticket — which party had sprung into existence from the withdrawal of the Government funds from the United States Banks — for the Legislature, the main issue at that time being the annexation of Texas. Mr. Hanna- man opposed this and was defeated by 45 votes. At the close of the canvass he formed a partnership with his successful opponent, Julius Manning, in the practice of law, which copartnership existed until 185 1, when Mr. Manning was elected Attorney and Mr. Hannaman Secretary of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad Company. At the close of his connection with that company he returned to the practice of his profession, and at different times was associated with T. J. Hale, Clayton Hale, George Kretsinger and F. A. Willoughby. In 1873 Mr. and Mrs. Hannaman celebrated their golden wedding, at which time there was a family re- union, which proved a most pleasant and enjoyable occasion. His wife died three years later, Jan. 24, i 1876. She joined the Presbyterian Church in 1830, but on their removal to Knoxville united with the [ Methodist Episcopal Church, of which denomination ■= she was an active, working member. In 1835 Mr. Hannaman, in company with F. B. Cogswell, started on horseback to explore the west- J ern country. They visited t'lint Hills, now Burling- ton, Iowa, where they had the pleasure of seeing Black Hawk, who was at that time temporarily camped near Builington. Oquawka was then called " Lower Yellow Banks," and New Boston " Upper Yellow Banks." Of the 1 1 children born to Mr. and Mrs. Hanna- man, three survive : William T. lives at Cherry- vale, Montgomery Co., Kan. ; Ella is the wife of Capt. R. R. Harding, of Chicago; and George L. is a resident of Galesburg, where he has served as Cir- cuit Clerk for 12 years. Mr. Hannaman was the second time married, Nov. 26, 1879, to Mrs. Susie A. Corwin (jiee Shaw). She was born in Windsor, Windsor Co., Vt., Feb. 8, 1835, and is a daughter of Seth and Elizabeth (Barrett) Shaw. Her father was a native of Massachusetts and her mother of Vennont. Mrs. Hannaman was first married to Rev. James Corwin, a native of Pendenleton District, South Car- olina, and was licensed as a preacher in the Method- ist Church when 30 years of age. He was sent to California, in 1849, as a missionary, crossing the t t t KNOX COUNTY. 445 \ plains to that State. He was a pioneer of that church on the Pacific Coast, and was present at the organization of the California Conference. He trav- eled over a great part of the State in the cause of Christianity, and was extensively known and uni- versally respected. He served as Presiding Elder for seven years. His death occurred Dec. i, 1876. Mr. Hannaman has been a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church since he was 16 years of age, and joined the church at Kno.wille at the same time «nth his «nfe, on their arrival here. He was connected with the Sabbath-school at Knoxville for 49 years, and gave his services about 20 years as Superintendent, and 10 or 15 years as Secretary and Treasurer. He resigned these positions in the spring of 1885. He is now Trustee in the church and was for many years Steward. A portrait of Judge Hannaman appears on another page. -€^^- — ^ ^enry Frailey. This worthy gentleman oc- cupies a farm on section 8, in Cedar Town- I ship, a. id was born in Armstrong County, m Pa., Nov. 22, 1832. Here he was raised and , lived until his 20th year. His father's na"ie was John Frailey, a prominent native of Penn- sylvania, who died at the age of 63 in the year 1859. He married Miss Mary Garry, also a native of the Keystone State, who died in 1869, at the age of 65. They are both buried in the State referred to, and by their union had si.x children — John, George and William (twins), Margaret, Elizabeth and Henry. Mr. Frailey, our subject, married Miss .Artimitia Kays, on the 6th of March, 1861. This good lady was bom Feb. 24, 1840, in Cedar Township, this county. She is the daughter of William and Eliza- beth (Bracken) Kays, both natives of Kentucky. Her father's birth occurred April 11, 1804, and her mother was born in 1807 and died Jan. 5, 1870. They were the parents of 12 children, viz. : William A., Mary, James, Nancy J., Henry, Abigail, Artimi- tia, Delia A., Jackson, George, Francis and Charles. Of eight children, Mr. Frailey has six living — John A., born Nov. 17, 1862; Mar)' E., June 5, 1865 ; Lil- lie v.. May 28, 1869; Chadie, Aug. 26, 1873; George, April 15, 1876; and Willie F., Feb. 4, 1880. These children form a most interesting family and are a great comfort to their parents. In 1858 Mr. Frailey entered Illinois and worked on a farm by the month for three years. At the close of that lime his marriage look place, and in 1866 he purchased 80 acres of good land, to which he has since added other lots, amounting in all to 166 acres. In the year 1875 he erected for himself a very desirable dwelling-house. This gentleman and his wife are respected mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while in politics he has always represented the interests of ihe Republican party. Before closing, it is only right to mention that Mr. Frailey has two interesting grandchildren — Harrison A. L. and George Frailey. iVj^f m5. illiam C. Koons, the Clerk of Henderson ' kS^l ^ Township, has a neatly cultivated farm \^^n^ on section 15. He is the son of Felix and .Agnes (Reagan) Koons, natives re ^ spectively of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. ' Mr. Koons, Sr., was one of the very early set- tlers of Kno.x County, arriving here in 1835. His decease took place in the township named in 1874, his wife dying in the same township April 4, 1867. There were four children by the marriage, of whom William was the eldest. The dace of his birth was June 12, 1857, since which he has been a constant resident of the county and devoted himself to agri- cultural pursuits and stock-raising. In the latter he has succeeded in producing some fine strains of cattle. Mr. Koons married Miss Ella Martin in Wataga, 111., Sept. 18, 1879. This good lady was the daugh- ter of William and Drusilla Martin, natives of Penn- sylvania and Virginia. Her birth took place in Warren County, 111., on the 29th of August, 186 1. By our subject's marriage there have been three chil- dren born — Georgia, Clarence and Daniel. Mr. K. was elected Clerk of Henderson Township in the spring of 1885, and in this office has given universal satisfaction. His farm in all consists of 87 acres, 57 of which are in the fullest sense fertile and very tillable land. As a Republican in politics he has always dis- M* X* 446 JCJVOX COUNTY. played the warmest interest in the good of his party, and allows no incident affecting Republicanism to pass without noticing its good or evil effect on the future of the country. P. DeLong. Among the numerous well- to-do farmers of Sparta Township is the gentleman whose name heads this no- tice, and who resides on his fine farm on section 31. He is a native of the Green Mountain State, having been born in Addison County, Vt., June 14, 1826. The parents of Mr. De- Long, Julius and Juliua (Sandford) DeLong, were likewise natives of Vermont. The father was an early emigrant to this State, having moved here in 1836^ and passed the winter of that year at Henderson Grove. In 1837 he purchased 72 acres of land on the section above named, and moved onto the same in • January, 1838. It must be recollected that this was at a time when there had been but little settlement made in the county, and consequently the land on •'which Julius DeLong settled was in its original con- dition. He nevertheless began the work of its im- provement, and there lived and labored, encountering I many obstacles, but overcoming them, until his death, in 1870 ; that of his good wife taking place six months later. They were the parents of three children-^ Marshall P., Mary A. and Harriet T. The subject of this notice was the only son of his parents, always resided on the farm, and received his education in the common schools and Knox Academy. On the death of his parents he came into possession of the old liomestead on section 31, where he has since lived, and has continued to follow his chosen vocation until the present time. He has added to the' original purchase of his father, until at present his farm consists of 102 acres, with a good residence and substantial out-buildings, and the land is under an advanced state of cultivation. In 1849, Mr. De- Long was united in marriage with Miss Mary A. Harding, a native of New York, and a daughter of Jones and Mary (Rowley) Harding, likewise natives of that State. Her parents came to Knox County in 1837, and settled near Galesburg. Mrs. Harding died in Galesburg in 1848. Her father is yet living and resides with the subject of this notice. Mr. and Mrs. DeLong have three children — Mary, Harriet and Walter. Mary married Charles Neely, and they have three children — Arthur M., Walter D. and Cora A.; the family reside in Sparta Township; Harriet DeLong married A. W. Hastie, and they also have three children — Walter, Warren and Irma, and the family reside in Deadwood, Dak. ; little Irma has lately died. Mr. DeLong, in his political opinions, coincides with the principles advocated by the Republican party. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace for 25 years, having been elected to that position in i86r. He is at present Postmaster at Centre Point, and has held the office of Supervisor of Sparta Township in the days tliat are past and gone. He was one of the managers of the Agricultural Board of Knox County for several years, and was for three years President of the Society. He has recently been appointed to the Superintendency of the Knox County Almshouse. Mr. DeLong and his wife are members of the First Church at Galesburg, and as a representative citizen of the agricultural class of Knox County, Mr. DeLong occupies a high position. ^1 : ::g^J#C^: : i^ ^red. Ehrenhart, of the firm of Pister & Ehrenhart, was born in Germany, March 7. 1 861. His parents were Michael and Susan (Lentz) Ehrenhart, who were natives of the same country. The mother died in Germany in 1863, and the father came to America in 1865, settling at Galesburg with a family of eight children. The subject of this sketch left home at the early age of five years, going to live with an uncle, with whom he remained for ten years, and then went with a Mr. Pister to learn the art of painting, at which he worked three years. He then went into partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. Pister, in the manufactur- ing of tile at Abingdon, continuing for five years in that business. They sold out and came to Wataga, where they engaged in the same business. Mr. Ehrenhart was married in 1883, to Miss Lutie Churchill, a daughter of Joseph Churchill of Wataga. A little son, Georgie, and another little son, Freddie, brighten the home of these enterprising parents. Mr. Ehrenhart is a Democrat politically, and with his wife belongs to the Congregational Church. Hav- *f i* K^OX COUNTY. 449 ing been early thrown upon his own resources and taught the value of indiistr)- and economy in that best of schools, experience, he has profited by the same, growing up into manhood with a strong, self-reliant character, being already, though young in years, one of the representative men of the county, a useful and valuable citizen. Karnes M. Cool, a resident of Yates City and one of Knox County's able and worthy cit- izens, is the subject of this sketch. He has, in time past, proven himself worthy of a jt strong claim to public notice and esteem, and identified with the growth of this section of the country. Mr. Cool was born in Highland County, Ohio, Nov. 5, 1821. His father, William Cool, was a native of West Virginia, and his grandfather, John Cool, of German ancestry and probably birth. The patronymic is sometimes spelled Kr.hl. Our sub- ject's grandfather removed to Ohio from Virginia, and was one of the early settlers of Highland County. He bought timber land there, a part of which now lies in the city of Greenfield, but was a blacksmith by trade, at which vocation he con- tinued until he engaged in farming pursuits, which he kept up until the date of his death. The father of J. M. Cool, when quite young, re- moved to Highland County, and when a young man to Fayette County, where he served an apprentice- ship, learning the trade of a hatter. Completing that, and having served out his lime, he established himself in the business at Greenfield, conducting the same for some years. He then removed to Rainsboro, Highland County, taking his business to that place and continuing it until his death, in 1866. The maiden name of our subject's motlier was Alice Ware, of Higliland County, daughter of Hugh and Rebecca (Hanson) Ware, natives of Pennsyl- vania. She died in Greenfield, Ohio, in 183 1, leav- ing five children. Of these our subject was the eldest child, and learned the trade of a hatter that he might acquire more self-dependence. He fol- lowed it until 1847, 'hen rented land in Highland County for three years, and in 1850 removed to Ross County, where he rented land until 1854. Accom- panied by his wife and two children, he in that year started for Illinois with a pair of horses and a cov- ered wagon. He made the entire journey overland, and finally located at Shir.town and spent the winter there. In 1855 he rented a farm of W. K. Ware for three years, then bought a quarter of section 9, Salem Township. It was raw, uncultivated prairie land, but he immediately built a house and began to improve it, and soon had the property all fenced. On this he erected a good set of frame buildings, and in 1S85 rented the farm and removed to Yates City, where he now lives retired. He was united in marriage with Sarah S. Stout, Nov. 23, 1848. She was originally of Fayette County, born May 29, 1828, and was a daughter of Peter and Nancy (Eyre) Stout. Her father was born in Tennessee and her mother was from Vir- ginia. Three children were the result of this union — Peter A., living in Rock Island; Alice E. A., wife of David Enociis, whose home is in Shenandoah, Iowa; and Delia Josephine. Mr. and Mrs. Cool and all the children are united with the Methodist ] Episcopal Church, and Mr. C. is a Class Leader in ' the organization, besides being Steward and Trustee. 1 Both he and his wife are active, earnest Christians, and carry into their daily lives the strength and help of a pure and undefiled religion. Their only son, Peter A., is a minister of the Methodist Episcopal ' denomination, and is Presiding Elder of the Rock Island District. Politically, Mr. Cool was formerly a Whig, but joined the Republican party at its formation, and votes the straight ticket, upholding his party princi- ples witii a vigorous and energetic spirit. I' liver Ellison, a farmer, of Salem Township, resident on section i, was born in Washing- ton County, Md., Oct. 26, 1806. His father, Peter Ellison, was a native of New York, and was born Aug. 17, i79t, of English lineage. His mother bore the maiden name of Polly Molter. She was a native of Dauphin County, Pa., and of German ancestry. Peter Ellison was a shoemaker by trade, and fol- lowed the same until 1816, at which time he moved to that portion of Bedford now in Fulton County, Pa. There he secured a farm, upon which were ^ ^ 45° KNOX COUNTY. located a grist and saw mill, and which he operated a few years, when his property was entirely destroyed by fire. But he was not the man to give up, and soon resumed his trade. About the year 1830 Mr. Ellison removed to McConiiellsburg, renting a large farm at that place, which, with the assistance of his three sons, he operated with considerable success for three years. At the expiration of this time, the father of our subject had the misfortune to lose his wife, and in consequence, March 6, 1839, he re- turned to his former home, where he spent the re- mainder of his da)s, his death occurring Nov. 13, 1845. The gentleman of whom we write learned the trade of shoemaker when quite young, but manifested a preference for milling, and upon attaining the proper age he assisted in the mill until his father rented the same, when he engaged in farming Aug. 25, 1846, Oliver Ellison was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Sarah Truax. She was born April 12, 182F, in Bedford County, Pa., and is the daughter of William and Rachel (Pittman) Truax, natives of Pennsylvania. Her parents were of English descent. Her paternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of the Revolu- tion. After marriage Mr. Ellison located upon the old homestead and remained there for 12 consecutive years; then, in 1858, he removed to Knox County, and located in Salem Township. Here he secured 40 acres of desirable land on section i, of which a few acres were broken. This property our subject had spared no effort to improve. He had beautified his place as well as increased its value by the setting out of trees and shrubbery of various kinds and the erection of all necessary farm buildings. To his original purchase he had added 40 acres, which to- day is under an advanced state of cultivation. He is now dead. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Ellison was blessed by the birth of one child, whom they named Marion. He was born Feb. 28, 1853, in the Keystone State. This son chose for his life companion Alice, daugh- ter of William and Eliza Bond. Marion resides on section 2, Salem Township. They have two chil- dren, named Eliza and Herman. Our subject, with his wife, was a member of the New-School Baptist Church. In politics he was a stanch Democrat, having cast his first presidential -^ vote for Andrew Jackson. Marion is also a Demo- crat. William Truax, father of Mrs. Ellison, was a soldier in the War of 1812. -vMJiCTS-K^— ^H W:—,.^^%(mTsv. i Sra|'t athan A. Howe. Beside being one of the l^^ji prominent farmers and active citizens of ?, A'^^ his county, Mr. Howe is the Collector of %\^ Henderson Township, for 1886. He came to "^X Knoxville in r840, when he was only two years ;^ old, his parents coming from Ohio and settling in Knox Township about the ist of November. They subsequently came to Log City, in Henderson Town- ship, when the Galesburg colony first settled in and around that vicinity. He received a good common- school education and proved himself a young man of quiet disposition and well-balanced judgment. His father was a mason by trade, which later on was followed by his son, our subject, for several years. Mr. Howe had not served a regular appren- ticeship to his father's business, but was naturally aV good workman. He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, Aug. 17 1838. His parents were Aaron and Sarah (Helsie) 1 Howe, who were natives respectively of New York and Ohio. In 1863 they removed to Taylor County, Iowa, where the mother died two months later. Mr. Howe, Sr., still resides in Taylor County. There were ten children born to the marriage, of whom Lathan was the fifth in order of birth. On the tgth of February, 1861, his marriage took place, in Knox- ville, 111., with Miss Narcissa Roundtree, a native of Henderson Township, born Jan. 16, 1839. Her parents were John D. and Docia (Fuqua) Round- tree, natives of Kentucky and Virginia. When they came to Knox County, in 1831, they settled in Hen- derson Township, where the father died Aug. 3, 1849. Mrs. Roundtree still survives and has at- tained to her 83d year. She now resides in Kansas with her son William. By the marriage there were II children, of whom Mrs. Howe was the ninth in order of birth. By the happy union of our subject and Miss Round- tree, one very interesting little boy, George A., has been born. Mr. H. is the owner of 94 acres of highly improved land. He and his wife are active *t KNOX COUNTY. • 45 » members of the Christian Church, in which they Stand in high favor with the community. Politically, our subject is a fervid Republican and strong supporter of that party's principles. No measure likely to promote his party's good escapes his notice, and he is accordingly looked up to by politicians of his township. jhomas L. Long, dry goods merchant at Yates City, was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1S24. He is the son of Nehemiah and Sarah (Rouse) Long. Thomas L. was a lad of two and a half years when his father died. He remained at home until seven years of age, and then went to live with a neighbor, assisting upon the farm and attending the common schools. At 17 years of age he engaged with a farmer in Pompey, receiving for the same $100 and board for the year's service. The three succeeding years he spent at work in Gaines, Orleans County. Upon emigrating to Illinois, in December, 1845, he stopped for awhile at Chicago, where he engaged with Frink, Walker & Co., as stage driver. This oc- cupation he continued for four years, when he was appointed Road Agent by the Ohio Stage Company, with headquarters at Columbus, Ohio, and Indian- apolis. He remained in the employ of this company for three years, and in 1S52 lie located upon a farm in Jersey County, 111., where he had purchased land two miles northwest of Jerseyville. Upon this place he resided for two years, when he secured a farm on section 16, Salem Township. The only improve- ments upon the farm were a few acres broken and fenced and a small house. There he engaged in fanning until 1865, when he rented his farm and re- moved to Yates City, and for two years was engaged in the grocery business. Disposing of this, we next find him in Kansas, whither he had gone to settle the estate of a deceased brother-in-law, residing in Johnson County. He remained in that State for 22 nx>nths, and upon returning to Illinois agam became a tiller of the soil. In 1875 he again rented his farm and went to Yates City. Mr. I>Dng was one of the organizers of the co-operative store, in which he was clerk for three years. He engaged in business for himself in 1879, opening a dry goods and notion store, and has continued in that business until the present time. Emily Jarboe was the maiden name of the wife of our subject, to whom he was married Nov. 16, 1852. She was born in Ohio and is a daughter of Philip and Catherine (Collins) Jarboe. Our subject and wife are the parents of two children, living — James L., born in Jersey C'ounty; and Inez S., born in Knox County, who is a teacher in the public schools. Politically, Mr. L. votes the Republican ticket, and has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Road Commissioner, Constable and Police Magistrate. His son, James L.,is a conductor on the C, B. & Q. R. R., and has been in the employ of that company about 1 2 years. [aver Gehring. Prominent among the self- made men of Knox County, who started with nothing except their own indomitable per- severance and energy, and who have made a ' financial success in life, and who were born in j] the great Empire of Germany, is the gentleman | whose name heads this biographical sketch, who is J ■ living on his farm on section 13, Sparta Township. Mr. Gehring was born Feb. 9, 1825, his parents being Bennet and Elizabeth (Closman) Gehring, likewise natives of the " Faderland." His father was a farmer in the old country, and there raised a family of nine children, five of whom are living, namely, Joseph, Anthony, Xaver, Barbara and Caroline. Joseph and Barbara yet continue to reside in their native land, and there the father died in 1857, and the mother in 1842. Xaver Gehring was an inmate of the parental household until he was 18, having in the meantime received an education in the common schools. On leaving home he worked out for two years, when he was drafted into the German army and served his country for three and a half years. In 1849, Mr. Gehring, hoping to better his finan- cial condition, set sail for the United States, arriving in safely at New York. In the latter State, for four and a half years, he worked out by the month at whatever lalxjr he could procure that would bring him in a fair remuneration. In 1854, he came to this State and settled on the identical place on which 452 KNOX CO UNI Y. he at present resides. He purchased, on coming to the county, 815 acres of land, and has followed the vocation of a farmer until the present time, meeting with success. Mr. Gehring was married in 1853, just prior to his coming to this county, to Miss Elizabeth Hemminger, and their family circle has been blest by the birth of three children — Joseph, Henry and Amelia. The wife and mother died in 1878, and Mr. Gehring formed a second matrimonial alliance in 1879, at which lime Mrs. Mary Stephenson, the accomplished daughter of William Leighton, became the wife. She had a family of five children by her former marriage — William, George, James, Isabell and Helen. Po- litically, Mr. Gehring is a Republican. He has held the office of School Director for 15 years, and is one of the large land-owners, successful farmers, and honored and respected citizens of Knox County. "liver Stream. Prominent among the repre- sentative citizens and men of solid worth resident within the boundaries of Kno.x County may be named the subject of this biography. His home is situated on section t 28, in Sparta Township, and he follows the occupation of a farmer. He moved onto his present farm in 1855, since which tmie he has devoted him- self to the tillage of the soil. Mr. Stream was born in Sweden, Dec. 4, 1833, and his parents were Olaf and Betsey (Isaacson) Stream. This couple were natives of Sweden, and the father, who was a soldier in the Swedish army, served his country 25 years. After this heroic life of labor he ended his days in 1880. The mother de- parted this life in 1844, 36 years previous. To them was born a family of seven children. The subject of our sketch is the fourth child in order of birth, and continued at hoine until 18 years of age. His youth was spent on the farm and in the forests, and, being a persevering worker, he received but a limited education. After reaching the age of 18, he engaged with different farmers, working on various farms until he came to America in 1855. From the city of New York, in which he landed, he came West to Illinois, and, selecting Knox County as his location, settled at Wataga. Here he worked one year on a farm and then engaged in coal mining, which he followed for nine years. At the expiration of this time he rented the place on which he now lives, and of which he is now the owner. The farm includes 1 1 2 acres, on which he carries on mixed fanning, but mostly stock-raising, with a beautiful residence and other buildings. Although he had no school education whatever, he has learned to read and write both the Swedish and English languages, and speaks English as well as his mother tongue. In July, 1855, a few days before he left his native country for America, he united his fortunes with those of Miss Margaret Donaldson, and this couple have six children living, by name John, Mary, Frank, Al- bert, Olive and Willie. Mrs. Stream died on the 22d of July, 187 1, and on the 13th of February, 1872, he remarried, this time Mrs. Martha Johnson. Mrs. Johnson was married the first time to Gabriel John- son, on the 14th of September, 1855. By him she has four children, three of whom survive — Albert E., William F. and Franklin E. Mr. Johnson departed this life in 1864. Previous to this, in 1855, he had purchased the place where Mr. Stream now lives. He was politically a Republican, and was an active Christian, a member of the Swedish Methodist Epis- copal Church, to which he was united by profession of faith. He emigrated to America in 1849, and at this time was attacked with gold fever, which proved the destruction of so many, and went with countless others to California. Here he engaged in the mines, but, contrary to his expectations, found no El Dorado. Returning home, in the year 1851, he engaged in carpentering, to which he added farm work, until he moved onto the place he had purchased. This move was made in the year 1856, and he continued there until his death. The parents of Mri^tream are Lars and Catherine (Peterson) Oleson, natives of Sweden. In August, 1849, they removed to America with their family, consisting of three boys and two girls (one of the boys died on the sea), and located in Illinois, stopping at Victoria, Knox County, only one month. They then made a purchase of 20 acres of land, on section 13, in Sparta Township. They afterward added 30 or 40 acres thereto, and lived on the same until the father's death, in 1863, while the mother's de;th occurred in November, 1868. They were the parents of six chil- dren, of whom Mrs. Stream was the oldest, and their *t* LA^ % i LIBRARY OF THE L'^IIVERSITY OF ILUf*' J -^^^A^ajtZ .«2^v/— • i --4 KNOX COUNTY. purchased 42 acres of land, and cultivated and lived on the same ten years. On section 36 he erected a large and handsome house, which is attractive and desirable to the passer-by, and at the present lime he is in possession of 350 acres of land, higlily culti- vated. Mr. O'Brien has a family of eight children, all liv- ing, to wit : Richard, John, Maggie, James, Minnie, Thomas, Edward and Johanna. Mr. O'Brien is a substantial and worthy member of society, and with his family is a member of the Roman Catholic Church of Wataga. He values his land at $35 per acre, and is an example of the truth that " all things yield to him who fears not anything." esse Chandler. Kno.x County can boast of well-to-do and successful farmers, and business men ; men who ^Bi^BJi many ■/ >-J merchants t.O" . . . , have acquired a sufficiency of this world s f goods through their own individual exertions "y and not by being the recipients of any legacy. Among this number is Jesse Chandler, who at pres- ent is living in quiet retirement at Abingdon. He has been a resident of this county since 1869. Penn- sylvania was where he first saw the light of day, having been born in Fayette County, in that State, and brought up in Green County. The parents of Mr. Chandler were Whitfield and Sarah (Neal) Chandler. His father was born in Vir- ginia and was a direct descendant of the Welsh, and his mother, born in Pennsylvania, was of Irish de- scent. Their son, Jesse, of whom we write, first en- gaged in the vocation of farming in his native State, but, being imbued with a desire lo better his financial condition, packed his carpet-sack, came to this State, and located in McDonough County, settling there in 1844. Previous to this, in Green County, Pa., on the 20th day of September, 1832, he proposed to Miss Rachel, the accomplished daughter of Justus Wright, that their lives should be united for the remainder of their years, which proposition she readily accepted, and they became man and wife. She was born in the county in which they were married, and bore her husband seven children previous to their emigration from that State — four sons and three daughters. After coming to this State she presented him with t 45 9 seven more children — five sons and two daughters. ?21izabeth is the wife of Dawson Nichols, a resident of the State of California; George W. is a farmer in Henderson County, his wife's maiden name being Hester Retzer ; Sarah J. married J. W. Paul, who lives in Taylor County, Iowa; J. T. married Sarah I.ovitte and lives in Henderson County, 111. ; Morris R. took for his life partner Louisa Webster, and is also a farmer of Taylor County, Iowa; Benson F. mar- ried Corelius Lovitte, and is likewise a farmer and stock-raiser in Taylor County ; Isaiah died when he was one year of age ; Mary Ann became the wife of Levi Greeson, a resident of Keokuk County, Iowa; O. E. married Dr. R. Sutton, who is now a farmer and stock-grower in Page County, Iowa; Jonathan J. and Mary Scott were united in marriage, and re- side on a farm in Fremont County, Iowa ; Dawson died at the age of 2% years ; Albert died when ten years old ; Nevada A. is the wife of J. B. Reed, a resi- dent of Sumner County, Kan. ; Justus R. took for his life partner Emma Lotzs, and they reside in Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. Chandler, of this sketch, continued to follow the occupation of a farmer in McDonough County, until 1846, when he removed to LaHarpe Township, Hancock County, and was there engaged in stock- raising, feeding and farming, and also largely inter- ested in stock shipping and dealing. Since living in the State he has bought, improved and sold several farms, and at one time was the proprietor of Soo acres of land. In 1852, Mr. Chandler removed to Henderson County, this State, where he continued in the same vocation which he had followed all his life, until 1S69. During this year he came to Abingdon, hav- ing sold his farm, and for seven years retired from the active labors of life. During the years of retire- ment he traveled in California, Washington Territory, New Mexico and Colorado, in fact all over the West. In 1876 he engaged in mercantile business at Abing- don with his son, which he prosecuted with signal success until 1881. Mr. Chandler lost his first wife Nov. 22, i860, in Henderson County, 111., and in 1873, at Abingdon, he chose for his second companion in life Mrs. Lucinda Evans. They lived together as man and wife until April 20, 1885, the date of her demise. Mr. Chand- ler is a member of the Protestant Methodist Church, to which denomination his two companions in life e4 i* 460 KNOX COUNTY. belonged. Politically he wasa Democrat until 1848, when he gave up politics for eight years, but on the birth of the Republican party, in 1856, he joined its ranks, voted for Fremont, and has since continued to vote and work for the success of that party. aeob Booth. The social status of any sec- ^ tion of the country depends largely upon those men resident within it. Knox County has grown not only populous and pleasant to view, but she contains rare intellectual and educational advantages, and reflects credit upon those who have figured in her history. One of the representative citizens and wealthy and success- ful farmers of Maquon Township is found living on section 15, in the person of Jacob Booth, as one of her best and most important factors. (Mr. Booth came to Knox County in the spring of 1844, from Sangamon County, III., and soon after leaving that county made a settlement at Uniontown, ^'Salem Township, where he carried on the joint bus- Iiness of blacksmith and wagon-maker for a period of 15 years. During this time he was in Springfield two years in the same business with his brother. His next move was made to Iowa County, Iowa, at which place he purchased a farm and remained upon it for seven years, at the end of which time he disposed of the same, and in 1855 returned to Knox County, and in Maquon Township made a purcliase of 90 acres of land located on section 15, upon which he is livingat the present time. Previous to this he spent two years engaged in mercantile business in the vil- lage of Maquon, in partnership with Nelson Downey. He has improved his farm by the erection of a desir- able residence and suitable out-buildings and barns, and by additional purchase has become the owner of 200 acres of highly improved and cultivated land. Jacob Booth was born in Maine June i, 1821. When he had attained the age of 15 years, he emigrated with his parents to Licking County, Ohio, remaining there until his removal to Sangamon County, 111., in 1839. In the latter county he followed the trade of wagon-maker and blacksmith. In Haw Creek Town- ship, Oct. 29, 1844, our subject was married to Miss Melinda, the daughter of George P. and Betsie Housh. Miss Housh was born in Washington Coun- ty, Ind., and on June 9, 1859, she died in Maquon Township. Oct. 29, 1869, our subject was again united in mar- riage, this time with Edith Martin, daughter of Mar- tin and Lucinda (Childress) Martin, natives of Virginia. The father of Mrs. Booth died at St. Joseph, Mo., Sept. 16, 1844. His widow still sur- vives him, and is residing with her daughter, Mrs. B. of this notice, at the advanced age of 82 years; she was born in 1804. Mrs Booth was born in Green County, Ky., Feb. 20, 1837, and is the seventh in order of birth of a family of ten children. Our subject and wife have adopted a child who bears the name of Frank. Mr. B. is the incumbent of the office of School Director, and politically advocates the prin- ciples of the Republican party. The parents of our subject are Isaac and Mary (Grinnell) Booth, natives of Penobscot, Me., at which place the mother died April 12, 1836. The father afterward came to Ohio, and subsequently to Sangamon County, 111., where his death occurred April 30, 1852. The result of their union was the birth of 12 children, of whom Mr. Booth was the fifth in the order of birth. A view of the comfortable home of Mr. Booth is given in this volume. ^PPWliilliam E. Morse. Among the early set- iia\(i (in ... r. I^^HIf tiers and distniguished citizens of Sparta ^^^ * Township is the subject of this sketch, ^^^ who was born in Washington County, Ohio, ■^/{^J Feb. 16, 1833. His parents were Eusebius \j and Matilda (White) Morse, who were natives of Vermont and Ohio respectively, and came to Illi- nois in 1837, with a family of four children, settling in Warren County, seven miles northwest of Gales- burg, where the father purchased 160 acres of prairie and 40 acres of timber land, remaining on the same until 1855, then moved to Henderson County and purchased 210 acres, there remaining on the same until 1865. He then moved to Oneida and pur- chased a house and lot, where he is now living. His wife died in 1847. Mr. Morse, of whom this biography is written, re- mained at home until 18 years of age, receiving an academical education and assisting his father on the I v\ I KNOX COUNTY. 463 <>-¥ farm. Leaving home, he worked out by the month for two years, and in 1853 went to Oregon, working on a farm and in a mill for 18 months. In 1855 he went to Northern California, where he engaged in farming and mining, and remained until 1859, when he returned to the States, coming to Henderson County, 111., and engaging in farming. He purchased 40 acres of land, on which he remained for three years, when he sold out and purchased 80 acres where he now resides. This land was unimproved, except partly broken and fenced, but since he came on the place he has built a good house and fine barn, and has a beautiful grove, thus adorning one the best farms in the county. Having settled down to regular business, and feel- ing the importance of some one to enjoy with him the competency which he had already secured, in i860 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Fink, daughter of Elijah and Catherine (Townsend) Fink, who were natives of New York and came to Illinois in 1840, settling in Maquon. Mr. and Mrs. Morse have a family of seven children, namely : Laura D., Rose M., Ralph E., Kate A., Perse A., Martha E. and Phillip W. In addition to having secured a comfortable home, Mr. Morse has also won the confidence and respect ^ of his fellow citizens in more than an ordinary de- gree, and is in all respects one of the representative men of this county. Politically Mr. Morse is a Re- publican, and in whatever relation duty calls a good citizen to act Mr. Morse is always to be found. ■•o+o-g>X^^..ofo~ H. Best & O. D. Harris. This firm was organized March 5,1885, as manufacturers .; - of and dealers in harness, saddles and , IX '. horse-furnishing goods. Five men are em- X P'oyed m their establishment as mechanics, and • they handle everything in their line. They carry an average stock of S'. 000, and have a large custom. The business was started in 1861, by Mr. William Best, who conducted it successfully till March, 1885, when he sold out to the present firm. M. H. Best, of this firm, was born in Kno.\ County, and has been a resident of Abingdon since 186 1. He was married June 23, 1885, in Detroit, Mich., to Miss Orpha Florentine, daughter of James Florentine. She was born in Grand Haven, Mich. Mr. O. D. Harris was born in Hancock County, and came to this county in 1863., having made a permanent residence here since that time. Their es- tablishment is the only one of the kind in the city, and is conducted with such fairness and enterprise as gives general satisfaction to many customers. The proprietors are among the most public-spirited citi- zens of the town, and deserve credit no less than patronage for conducting a business which not only assists others to employment, but is a benefit to the entire community. |i«\i; eter S. Nelson is a prominent farmer and l^^^l the Assessor of Henderson Township, lo- fll'^ cated on section 20, and possessing a well- fcj cultivated farm. He first came to Knox jlj^ County in June, 1854, having previously re- 1 sided in Chicago for one year after liis arrival from Sweden. In the old country he had occupied himself with farm work and had become skillful in "> his calling. After his arrival in Galesburg in 1S54, he for a short time made that place his home, when he proceeded to Cameron, in Warren County, and • worked at basket-making. Here he remained one year and then took up his location in Knoxville, where he worked for one season at his trade, and from thence proceeded to Bishop Hill, in Henry County, where he remained two months. We ne.xt find Mr. Nelson in Henderson Grove, Knox County, where he was occupied for two years cutting timber and was also engaged in the lumber business. Having saved about %2,oo, he went to Minnesota and bought a claim of 160 acres. Here he remained for about one year, but not succeeding in obtaining employment, and his means falling short, he was able to pay for but 80 acres of the land pur- chased. He now decided upon returning to Illinois, and working so as 10 obtain more money. He soon returned to Minnesota and managed to hold his land for fifteen years, when he sold it without much profit through the operation. Returning to Knox County about the year 1 860, he again engaged in farming, at which he became successful. Continuing at this occupation for five years, he went to Altona in 1865, and engaged in the grain and milling business, and r.-r ¥ A t* 464 Jir/VOX COUNTY. ill about two years lost all his money, amounting to $7,500 We next find him in Bureau County, TIL, where he commenced ditching, in the employment of the county, and in one season recovered $3,500 from his contracts. Returning then to Henderson Grove, he settled there, and is now the owner of 154 acres in Knox County and 125 in Warren County. The most of this is tillable land, and on the farm which he occupies he has erected a suitable dwelling- house and farm buildings. Mr. Nelson is one of those hardworking, whole- souled, generous men, who, by their self-reliance and industr)', have shaped their own fortunes and helped to build up the country of which they are citizens. He has twice visited his native Sweden, once in 1867, and again in 1877. On sailing to Europe the second time he was in the same vessel with Gen. Grant, and had many interesting talks with the "Old Com- mander." He remained in Sweden with his family several months. Our subject was born on the rsth of July, 1835, and received a good common-school education in his native country, and was pursuing his studies the winter before coming to America. He was married in Chicago, March 14, 1863, to Nellie Gibson, also a native of Sweden, born March 14, 1842. By this union there were eight children — Charles A., Frank E., George B., Hattie A., Noble M., Lillie E., George B. and Hattie. The first George B. and Hattie A. are deceased ; Charles A. is married to Kate Peter- son, and is a resident of Galesburg. While living in Altona, Mr. Nelson held the office of Justice of the Peace, the duties of which he performed with exem- plary efficiency. During the spring of 1885, he was elected Assessor of Henderson Township. His pol- itics are Republican, and he is an uncompromising and firm advocate of that party's interests. This notice ought not to close without recording the fact that Mrs. Nelson's parents came to America in 1853, and at present reside in New Windsor, Mer- cer Co., 111. Our subject has constructed a very fine artificial pond on his farm, which is well stocked with German carp. He is a wide-awake, progressive farmer, and possesses a fine hbrar)'. His motto is, " duty first and other good things will follow." He is one of the best informed and most highly respected citizens of this township. The parents of Mr. Nelson came to this country in 1854, and settled in this county. They departed from this world — the mother in 1865, the father in 1866. They are both buried at Knoxville. We take pleasure in presenting a view of the resi- dence of Mr. Nelson, in this volume. ••o^-@^J><^^fQ)..o*o. < aeob Lehman, a resident of Yates City and a native of Ohio, was born in Ashland a>^ County Dec. 26, 1836, and is the son of John and Sarah (Oberholtzer) Lehman. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of Ohio. The father, who died in 1848, owned a farm in Ashland County, and upon this homestead the widow still lives. Our subject was but 12 years of age when his father died, leaving to the bereaved mother the care of a family of eight children, Jacob being the third in order of birth. With that characteristic nobility of purpose seen in so many mothers, who, bereft of their natural protectors, face the world and fearlessly keep their little band together, Jacob's mother drew close about her the ties of affection in her family and worked for and with them. Together the children grew to man and womanhood, and one by one went out into the world, as they reached maturity, to care for themselves. Our subject made his home with his mother until the age of 18, wlien, impatient to work for himself, and make a name, a home and a future, he took the advice of Horace Greeley which has been literally obeyed by so many young men, and came West to grow up with the country. Locating in Knox County, 111., he worked on a farm, receiving but $16 per month. Many young men, but more especially those of the present day, would consider their pros- pects very poor indeed on such a pittance, but with the energy, hope and perseverance that character- ized the youth of that day, our young friend, in 1855, commenced for himself, working by the month in Elba and Truro Townships, and after one year and a half engaged in farming on rented land, in which he met with moderate success, proving the truth that "God helps those who help themselves." In the spring of i860 he bought a breaking team, and dur- ing the season for such labor he engaged almost ex- clusively in that occupation. Every autumn he -h- ll .Y-- KNOX COUNTY. -^-X^ 465 followed thrashing, assisting the farmers throughout his neighborhood. In September, i86r, came the country's call to the heart of every brave man and worthy citizen, and obeying the voice that said " go forth," Mr. Lehman enlisted under the banner of his country, ready to devote every energ)' " for God and home and native land." He entered Co. G, 8th Reg. Mo. Vol. Inf., and faithfully served until August, 1863, when he was honorably discharged with the reputation of courage and fidelity. He was in many active and important engagements, figuring in the struggles at Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, the siege of Corinth, and the first battle of Vicksburg and Arkansas Post. In the latter battle he received a serious wound in the right forearm, which incapacitated him for service, and he was dis- charged at Lawson Hospital, St. Louis, in August, 1863. In consequence of the wound his arm is dis- abled for life. On his return home he was able to do nothing whatever until the following spring, when he accepted an agency for the Fire and Tornado In- surance Company, of Freeport, III. He was con- nected with this company throughout the summer, and in the spring of 1865 bought a team and went back to his old occupation, that of breaking wild land and thrashing. In the spring of 1867 he located on a farm situated on section 9, Elba Township, which he had previously purchased, and took up agricultural pursuits, at which he continued until 1869. Then he sold out and removed to section 2 of the same township, where he remained until 1881, after which he bought the place he now occupies. His home farm is within the corporation of Yates City. He is also the owner of 80 acres of farm land elsewhere. Mr. Lehman entered the bonds of wedlock Feb. 4, 1869, with Jennie Ralston, who was born in West- moreland County, Pa., Sept. 22, 1843, and is the daughter of Samuel and Jane (Buchanan) Ralston. To them have been born two children — William Gil- bert and Bertha S. Mrs. L. is a woman of kind, moral and religious bearing and character, and is united with the Presbyterian Church as a memb'erof that organization. Pursuing the path of duty, she shows forth the e.xample of a true and pure life to her husband and children as found in the life of our Lord and Savior. Mr. Lehman is in politics a Republican, strong and decided. He cast his first vote for Stephen A. Douglas, in i860, but in 1864 he voted for Abraham Lincoln. He is a member of the Dan McCook Post, G. k. R., located at Elmwood, 111. lexander Gehring. Foremost in the ranks of wealtliy and substantial men and lead- ing citizens of Knox County stands the sub- ject of our biography. He is a farmer whose desirable and attractive home is located on section 33, of Sparta Township. He may be called in a great measure a self-made man, as he worked his way industriously and ambitiously, from the age of 13 up to the present prosperous and en- joyable position in life which he now fills. Mr. Gehring was born Dec. i, 1844, '" Baden, Germany, and is the son of Anthony and Mary (Moser) Gehring. They were natives of Germany. Anthony Gehring was born March 12, 1824, and Mary (Moser) Gehring was born June 24, 1824. In 1857 they emigrated to America, and, coming to Illi- nois, then known as the " Far West," settled in Knox County, on section 14. At this place they purchased 40 acres of land, which they occupied and cultivated until 1873, at which time they added 100 acres to the original homestead. He moved into Oneida vil- lage, prosperity having crowned his effort toward success, and purchased a house and two lots, where he is now living a retired life. Two of their pleasant little family of three children now survive — our sub- ject and Martin. The subject of this sketch began active labor at the age of 13, as previously stated. He worked by the month until he reached the age of 20, having in this interval received an ordinary common-school educa- tian. He rented a farm on section 13, Sparta Town- ship, which he worked until one year later, when he rented one on section 28. Here he remained one year, and they rented the farm on which he now lives, including 90 acres. His wife will inherit this homestead at her mother's death. Mr. Gehring was united in marriage in 1867, with Miss Jcrusha, daughter of Ira and Caroline (Stewart) Squires. Mrs. Gehring was a native of Trumbull County, Ohio, and was born Aug. r, 1847. Her father was born June 21, 1822, and died May 6, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Gehring have a family of four 4-^ 466 KNOX COUNTY. children, by name as follows : Mary A., who was born Oct. 29, 187 1 ; Sarah L., born Oct. 9, 1874; Carrie L., born April 7, 1877, and Ira A., born Dec. 15, 1879. Mr. Gehring is a live man in public affairs, and holds the office of School Director. He is a Republican in politics, watching with vivid interest the affairs of the nation. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is Steward and Trustee, and has a word of cordial sympathy and courteous kindness for one and all. Both himself and wife are popular and pleasant peo- ple. She is a member of the same church to which her husband belongs. ev. Joseph Smith Gumming, D. D., the President of Hedding College, who holds a M|"(^r^" high rank in the Methodist denomination, and who was elected to his present office June 7, 1882, is the gentleman of whom this brief biographical notice is written. Dr. ^ Cumming was born in Abingdon, Va., April 28, 1832, and his parents were William C. and Maria (Patton) Cumming, both natives of Virginia. His father claims Scotch blood, and his mother a direct line of Scotch and French progenitors. In the year 1835 they re- moved to the city of Peoria, then a small village. The profession of the father, that of a minister, called him to reside in various towns in Central Illinois. He still lives in that city, having reached, after a life of large usefulness in the vineyard of the Lord, the ripe age of 87, but has been superannuated for a number of years. His wife has reached 78 years. The subject of whom we write was educated at Rock River Seminary, Mt. Morris, 111., and was or- dained for the Christian ministry in September, 1853, entering the Methodist Episcopal denomination, in which he has since labored as a pastor 2 1 years in the Central lUmois Conference. He was eight years Presiding Elder, and in 1880 came to Abingdon as pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which position he continued for two years. He has served as President of Hedding College for four years, and has faithfully labored for the moral and spiritual good of the community in which he lives. July 15, 1852, he took to his heart and home as a life companion Margaret Reed, daughter of John and Elizabeth Maris, who has proven a lovely and congen- ial friend and counselor. Mrs. Cumming was born near Baltimore, Md., and is the mother of six chil- dren, one son and five daughters, viz. : Frank H., married Elizabeth Mann, and is pastor of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church of Bushnell, 111., and his happy home circle includes two buds on the parent stock. The daughters of the house of Cumming are as follows; Belle, wife of Frank P. Gilbert, of Mon- mouth; Eva, Augusta J., Minette and Fannie L. Politically, Dr. Cumming has always voted the Re- publican ticket until the election of 1884, at which lime he voted with the Prohibitionists. Dr. Cumming is a man of superior ability and high scholarly attainments, and has proven a most popular minister as well as successful and efficient President of the college. Under his able manage- ment it has grown strong and prosperous, and the cloud that darkened its financial sky has been almost swept away. He has traveled expressly in the inter- est of this institution, and has worked untiringly to secure funds wherewith to clear it from indebtedness. The citizens of Abingdon, and indeed all in the ad- jacent country who are interested in the college, unite in commending Dr. Cumming for his arduous labors in its behalf. T?ndrew J. Swadley, a well-to-do and suc- f cessful farmer, residing upon his fine farm, ^ located upon section 22, Maquon Town- ship, came to Knox County in the winter of 7, from Fulton County, 111., remaining at home with his parents until 1869, when he was married and made settlement in Maquon Town- ship, where he has since lived. He is the proprietor of 80 acres of most excellent land, the major portion of which is tillable. Our subject was born in Warwick County, Ind., Feb. 4, 1842. He emigrated with his parents to Fulton County, about the year 1850, at wliich place they remained until their removal to Knox County, seven years later, as before stated. Mr. S. was mar- ried in Knoxville, Jan. 7, 1869, to Barbara, daughter of James M. and Louisa (Roads) Foster. (See sketch of James M. Foster.) Mrs. S. was born in Knox County, 111., June 23, 1849, and has become the mother of one child — a daughter, Ettie L. ^-+ X imRARy OF THE irilVERSITY OF ILLIf''*'l yU^^^-^ cU-uuiXu^ ■e-^ --1- KNOX COUNTY. 469 Mr. Swadley has held the position of School Di- rector and in politics affiliates with the Democratic party. His parents were James and Catherine (Fos- ter) Swadley, natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Knox County in the winter of 1857, settling in Maquon Township, where they passed the remainder of their lives. )Oses Wheeler. This gentleman, whose biography and portrait assist to embellish ^Jf^^ ' ''^^ history of Knox County, follows the /(^ \ vocation of an agriculturist on section 6, i" Elba Township, and is meeting with well-mer- ) ited success. He came to this county in March 1858, from Peoria County, this State, and purchased 97 acres of land on the section where he is at present residing. He is one of the prosperous, successful and intelligent farmers of this county. The first years of the life of Mr. Wheeler in Elba Township were attended with numerous trials and hardships, but he did not yield, however, to dis- couragements that would have dismayed many a man, but, assisted by his loving wife, he became suc- cessful in his undertakings, and to-day enjoys the fruits of his labor, although the partner of his early years has been called to the better land. Moses Wheeler was born in Bradford County, Pa., Sept. 27, 1810. He lived in his native county until 1820, then moved with his parents to Tioga County, and lived there until 1845. Prior to his removal here he had been a resident of Bradford County for 12 years. He is a self-made man in every sense of the word, and as his school privileges were of neces- sity somewhat limited, his education was more of a practical nature, mostly acquired on the farm. In the early spring of 1857, Mr. Wheeler came to this State, remaining for the most part in Peoria County, until the following spring, although in the meantime he traveled quite extensively in different Stales, looking for a location. Yxo\\\ Peoria County he came to Knox, and, after viewing the rich and productive prairie lands, concluded to make this his home. Acting upon this conclusion, he selected the charming tract of land in Elba Township upon which he is at present located. There were a few acres broken and a small log house on the premises. Mr. Wheeler immediately began the laborious task of its improvement and cultivation, and it is supplied with all the conveniences and appliances for modern and systematic farming. Upon it he has erected a fine residence, together with neces- sary out-buildings, and his farm of 267 acres is now second to none in the county for productiveness and beauty. Mr. Wheeler was married in Tioga County, May I, 1826, to Cynthia A. Walker. Her parents were natives of New Hampshire, but removed from that State to Tioga County, Pa., where they died. Miss Walker was born in New Hampshire, May 2, 1812, and has borne her husband six children — Julia E., Lydia M., Charlotte M., Jane W., Norris S. and Laura A.; of these Jane and Norris are deceased. Julia is the wife of Henry Potts, a farmer of Elba Township; Lydia married W. T. Kinyon, a resident of Kansas ; Charlotte became the happy wife of L. \. Lawrence, and they live in Yates City, this State; Jane married Jerome Curtis, and at the time of her' demise, which occurred March 26, 1878, she lived in Creston, Iowa; Norris was a farmer of Truro Town- ship, and there died of heart disease; while riding ^ with a companion he fell backward in the buggy and instantly expired, his death occurring Nov. 8, 1880; Laura married Jacob M. Oberhollzer, and lives on- the farm of our subject. The wife and mother died in Elba Township, May 4, 1880. Mr. Wheeler has held some of the minor offices in the township, and is a member of the Christian Church, as likewise was his wife. In ix)litics, he votes with the Republican party, and by his voice and his vote encourages every enterprise which tends to the benefit and advance- ment of liis community. illiam Caldwell. Among the more promi- nent citizens of Knox County, whose names are identified with its growth, may be found % that of our subject, who was a pioneer of Salem Township, coming originally from Penn- sylvania, where he was born in Mercer County. He is a man well known and highly re- spected, and figured prominently in the early history of this section of the country. The brother of our subject, Dr. Samuel Caldwell, deceased, was a pioneer physician and early settler ^-^ ■H^ ^' 470 £-Arox county: of that part of Illinois now known as Farmington. His works of mercy and attention to the health inter- ests of the older residents were confined principally to that part of Fulton County. William came origin- ally from the State of Pennsylvania to settle the estate of his brother, Dr. Samuel Caldwell, who died previous to 1840, and while here was so pleased with the appearance of the country that he decided upon it as a permanent home. On his return to the East he sold out, and in 1842 moved to Knox County, locating in township 9, now known as Salem. There he purchased the northeast quarter of section 27, and improved and cultivated it until he was in possession of one of the best farms in that section. In 1854 he sold it and went to Farmington, engaging in mercantile business, at which he continued for five or six years. In i860, in common with many others, he went to seek his fortune at Pike's Peak, being absent about a year, after which he returned, and in 1862, under the administration of Abraham Lincoln, he was appointed Postmaster at Farming- ton. This office he held to the satisfaction of all concerned until September, 1865. William Caldwell married Miss Sarah Lindsay, who was born in Mercer County, Pa., and they be- came the parents of six children, as follows : Samuel, the eldest son, a graduate of Yale College, enlisted in the Union service on the day after the firing on Fort Sumter; this was an act of unswerving loyalty on his part, no call as yet having been issued by the Government for troops. He was a private in the 8th 111. Vol. Inf., when mustered into service, but his bravery soon afterward caused his promotion to the rank of Captain. He served in the Western Divis- ion of the army and took part in all the more impor- tant battles of tlie Mississippi River, being also with Banks in his Red River expedition. He continued in the service with undaunted courage, serving a portion of the time on Gen. Oglesby's staff, until the close of the war, and was mustered out of the service with honors. At the battle of Arkansas Post his bravery was made the subject of a special order by Qen. Banks. After his return from the war he lo-- cated in Peoria, and formed a law partnership with his brother-in-law, Leslie Robinson, and was elected to the Legislature. During its session he was at- tacked with hemorrhage of the lungs and died. Mrs. Caldwell still lives at Peoria. Lindsay, the second son, enlisted in 1862 in the 8th 111. Vol. Inf., and no less than his brother was distinguished for bravery and courage. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Champion Hills, the siege and capture of Vicksburg and other important struggles ; he died while in the service at Vicksburg, in 1863. Joseph lives at Stuart, Guthrie County, Iowa; Lewis R., whose activity, attention to and ability for business win for him a high place in mercantile circles, was proprie- tor of the first hardware store in Yates City, and af- terward entered as associate partner with George Stetson, founding the bank in Farmington ; he died in Rushville, 111., in 1880. Elizabeth united in mar- riage with Levi Scales, and died at Leadville, Colo. Amanda became the wife of C. A. Stetson (see sketch). Mrs. Caldwell died in Salem Township, and Mr. C, who formed a second matrimonial alliance, is by the last marriage father of two children — Annie and Mary. rs. Martha Heed. The lady whose name stands at the head of this notice, and a fe^''" summary of whose life is herein given, Wi\\X^ owns a home on section 16, in Sparta •'F' Township, and is one of the best known and I most energetic women of Knox County. She is the widow of James D. Reed, deceased, who was born June 27, 1825, at Frankfort, Ky. He came to Illinois with his parents when a child, and they settled at Henderson Grove, Knox County, where they pursued the occupation of farming. On attaining the age of 22 years, Mr. Reed left his home, in which he had continued up to this date, and was united in marriage with Miss Mjrtha, daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Shumate) Duval. She was a native of Kentucky, and their marriage was celebrated Aug. 22, 1847. Eight children were the result of this marriage, named Nancy E., Helen M., Sarah E., Francis A., Rosella A., Polly E., Al- bert I. and Dora E. Mr. Reed departed this life Dec. 8, 1883. Soon after his marriage with Miss Duval, Mr. Reed rented a farm at Henderson Grove, which he purchased in 1850, containing 40 acres. To this he added 16 acres and afterward 40. Since that, Mrs. Reed has had 80 acres given her as a present by her father. This lies in Sparta Township, on section 10. KNOX COUNTY. 471 Since the deatli of her husband the widow continues to carry on her home farm. Mrs. Reed is a member of the Christian Church in good and regular standing, and has characterized her life with keen foresight, good financial ability and native force and energ)-. Mr. Reed was a member of the Baptist Church, worshiping under the doc- trines of faith as represented by that organization. He was a liberal-minded man in regard to questions of religion or in public matters. He was extremely fond of home, domestic in tastes and a kind husband and father. Politically he was a Democrat, but be- lieved strongly in placing " the risht man in the right place." Mrs. Reed was born April 27, 1831, and her daughters married as follows : Nancy E. was united with Dr. Chas. Babcock, and to them one daughter has been born, by name Grace; Helen M. is the wife of Henry .\ndress, and the mother of five children — Mamie, Warren, Fannie, Edith and James; Sarah E. married Robert Langloss, and they are the parents of two children, named Fred, and Martha. (f-H* ^J^l:<; ames W. Davis is one of the respected and t ySyi r honored citizens of this county, and a well- ^^O'^ lo-do farmer of Maquon Township, resid- ?ii ing on section 16. He came here in June, ^\_ 18371 3.nd consequently is one of the pioneer I settlers. Living here since that date continu- ously, and having been engaged in agricultural pur- suits for that long period of time, he must certainly be acknowledged as one who has contributed his full allotment to the agricultural development of the county. He came here with his parents, Joshua and Martha (Walter) Davis, from Highland County, Ohio, when eight years of age. They settled in Ma- quon Township, where our subject has since lived, and where the mother died, Oct. 12, 188 1. They were the parents of two children — James W. and Martha E. The latter died in 1865. James W. Davis was born in Highland County, Ohio, Nov. 10, 1828. He received his education in the common schools, and has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. He and his father are the owners of 830 acres of land, and in this independent calling Mr. D. is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance are sure to bring. . ^ Mr. Davis was married in Haw Creek Township, Sept. 13, 1855, to Caroline Pickrel, daughter of Jesse and Rosanna (Joiinson) Pickrel. Her parents were among the pioneers of the county. They came here in 1839, and settled in Haw Creek Township, where her father died Dec. 27, 1881. Her mother is still living. Of their union nine phildren were born, named as follows : Sarah, Caroline, Anna, Melissa, Jackson, Jesse, Milton, Rosetta and Douglas. Caro- line was born in Athens County, Ohio, Dec. 23, 1838, and continued to reside with her parents until her marriage with the subject of this notice. Mr. Davis has held the office of Road Commissioner and School Trustee, and in politics votes ivith the Republican party. ^ yis. i j m c : ames Cook, a retired farmer, living on sec- tion 1 5, in Copley Township, was born in Ro.xburyshire, Scotland, Oct. 22, i8i6, and is one of Knox County's highly esteemed and ^r respected citizens. He is the son of Robert ^ and Jenette (Locky) Cook, who were natives of Scotland. The parents had a family of three sons and six daughters, as follows: Jane, Agnes, Mar- garet, William, Jenette, Mary, James, Elizabeth and Robert. They were farmers, and died in their na- tive land. Our subject was the seventh child in order of birth, and remained at home until 1 9 years of age. He assisted on the farm and attended school until 1839, when he came to America. Landing at New York, he went to Buffalo, and when he reached that city he had only two dollars i money, and was a stranger in a strange land. He then crossed over into C'anada and worked there at different places, until he had earned $30. He then went into Ohio and settled in Ross County, near Chillicothe, and remained in the employ of a gentleman residing there for six years. From there he went over the Allegheny Mountains with a number of dioves of cattle to New York and Philadelphia, and came to Illinois July 6, 1S45. He made his first purchase of land near Rochester, Knox County, which consisted of 120 acres, and which he kept two years and then sold, afterward making a purchase of 80 acres, upon which he now lives. He has since added to the same until his possessions in- I. chide '765 acres, and he has made very fine improve- ,=< f 4-4- 472 KNOX COUNTY. ments on his farm, cultivating the land, setting out trees, building house, barns and fences, and to-day he has one of the most attractive homes in the town- ship. Mr. Cook was married March 3, 1853, to Miss Agnes Stine, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who came to America in 185 r, and who is the daughter of Andrew and Margaret (Carr) Stine, also natives of Scotland. They had a family of eight children, including Will- iam, Mary, Isabelle, Jenette, Margaret, Agnes, John and Andrew. The parents died in their native home. Mr. Cook had a family of six children, all living — Isabelle, William, Jenette, Margaret, Mary A. and Agnes. Isabelle united in marriage with Nathan Millroy, and is the mother of two children — Mary and an infant unnamed; Mary A. married Houston Tate. Mr. Cook is a Republican and now holds the office of Trustee in the schools, that of Road Com- missioner and other minor offices, and is one of the ft)est and most solid men of the community. His Iwife and himself both belong to the Presbyterian IChurch. He is strictly a self-made man, and is now Jenjoying the fruits of his labors. ^/■a;^ariton Miles Lawrence, extensive dealer .ij l^li^ and shipper of live stock, residing in Yates g|^ "^ City, was born at Monkton, Addison f County, Vt., April 17,1848. He was the third son in order of birth of the children of Milton ' and Sylvia (Atwood) Lawrence (see sketch). Our subject was but a lad of 12 years, when, in com- pany with his parents, he came to Knox County, set- tling in Elba Township. There he attended the district schools and made his home with his parents until his marriage, which occurred July 9, 1873. The lady of his choice was Emma Beeson, born in Elm- wood, Peoria County, and is the daughter of Israel and Rebecca Beeson. Immediately after his mar- riage Mr. L. began farming in company with his brother. This partnership was dissolved in 1877, when our subject purchased Mr. Beesons interest in the property, which was located on section 28, Elba Township. He continued to reside on the farm, en- gaged in the breeding of graded stock, until 1883, at which time he removed to Peoria. At the latter place Mr. L. embarked in the commission business, which he continued for one year, when he removed to Yates City, and there became interested in buying and shipping stock, which he successfully pursued up to the date of this writing (1886). The union of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence has been blessed by the birth of one child, a son, upon whom they bestowed the name of Lester. The entire family are members of the Presbyterian Church. ^§ jfbram Wolf, a farmer residing on section 17, Truro Township, was born in Bradford 1^* County, Pa., Feb. i, 1826. His father, William Wolf, was a native of the same State, and his father, Michael Wolf, grandfather of our subject, was a native of Germany, who came to .\merica and settled in Bradford County, where he spent the remainder of his life. William Wolf was reared as a farmer in his native county, and was there married to Miss Sarah Dan, a native of Connecticut. In 1837, in company with his wife and nine children, he started overland with wagons. They stopped in Athens County Ohio, where Mr. Wolf, the following summer, engaged in farming, and in the fall of the same year pursued the journey to Illinois, and located in Tazewell County, spending the winter there. In the spring of 1838, he emigrated to the then Territory of Iowa, and located about seven miles from Iowa City, and there entered a claim, built a log house with puncheon floor and shake roof, the shakes being held on with poles. A dirt-and-stick chimney completed the edifice. In the fall of that year he sold his property for the sum of S400 and came to Peoria County and rented a farm near French Grove, occupying it for three years. He next removed to Truro Township and purchased the south- east quarter of section 27, at that time an unbroken tract of prairie land, but which, through the industry and energy of its proprietor, has been transformed into one of the pleasantest farms in the county. Mr. W. erected the first frame house in this section of coun- try. After dispKJsing of his farm, he removed to Ben- ton County, Iowa, and there purchased a farm, passing the remainder of his life at that place. His widow, who survives him, is passing the sunset of life with her beloved son, James Wolf, near Vinton, Iowa. The family consisted of 12 children, eight of ^ €4: KNOX COUNTY. 475 whom still survive, our subject being the fifth child in order of birth. At the age of 1 1 years he accompa- nied his parents to Illinois, where he assisted his father on the farm and attended the common schools. Mr. Wolf was married Sept. 29, 1844, to Miss Louisa Seward. She was born in Broome Count)-, N. Y., June 30, 1829, and is the daughter of Orin and Mahetable (Livermore) Seward, pioneers of Kno.v County. Her father was a native of New York State, and the mother was from the Bay State. Soon after marriage our subject rented land for a short time, and then purchased 40 acres on section 16, Truro Township. Upon this land he erected a log cabin, planted an orchard, and later bought a frame house, which he moved onto his place. In 1866 he disposed of his farm and purchased the place he now owns and occupies. He has improved his farm by the erection of substantial necessary farm buildings, and by setting out fruit, shade and orna- mental trees. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wolf are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics our subject casts his vote for the Republican party. 'The following are the names of their children : Eliz- ^abeth, Alvin, Permelia, Hepsey, Nelson L., Millie, and Cornelia, who died at the age of two years. ames Allen, one of the leading citizens and most successful farmers of Chestnut Township, owning a large and finely-culti- vated farm of 200 acres, situated on section 4, is the subject of this personal history. He is ' engaged not only in farming, but in the raising of Short-horn cattle and Poland-China hogs, and owns a blooded bull five years old, weighing 2,000 lb., by name "Judge Willetts." Mr. Allen entered life in Jefferson County, Ind., April 19, 1825. He is the son of Josiah and Jane W. (McDowell) Allen, nauves of Kentucky, in which State they were wedded, removing to Indiana in 1810. From that State they emigrated to Illinois in 1838, at which time the subject of this sketch was a boy of 13 years. The mother departed this life in the year 1852, and his father in 1863. Of this matri- monial alliance there were born nine children, si.x girls and three boys, namely: Rosana, who married John Moore, and lives in the State of Indiana; Mar- garet, wife of Alkana Moore, resident of Knoxville, III.; Sarah married Jonathan Minor, both deceased; William took to wife America A. Maxey, and lives in Orange Township; Nancy married John Carico, a resident of Bureau County, III., and is deceased; Matilda married Alfred Carico, and lives in the State of Iowa; James espoused Miss Sarah M. Bragg, and lives in Chestnut Township; John married Miss Lydia Eperson, and lives in Bureau County, III.; Mary N. died at the early age of 16 years. Mr. Allen the elder settled in Orange Township in 1838. James remained at home on his father's place until after his marriage, when he purchased land in 1862 on section 4. in Cliestnut Township, and where he has since remained. Mr. Allen of this notice, early in manhood, took to wife Miss Sarah M. Bragg, March 16, 1848. She was born Nov. 30, 1828; she is the daughter of Elias and Mary (Bryant) Bragg, natives of Virginia, who came to Illinois in 1836. They settled in Orange Township, and two years later moved to Chestnut Township. Her father was born in September, 1784, and departed this life Jan. 20, 1861, in the Stale of Illinois. He i was a soldier in the War of 181 2. The date of her " mother's birth was 1789, and she closed her eyes to 1 this e.vistence Sept. 14, 1865. Both she and her hus- band were of English and Scottish lineage, and uix)n them were bestowed 15 children, viz. : Jane, wife of Benjamin McCort; James, who wedded Nancy M. Carter; Elizabeth, who wedded a Mr. Moore; Mary, wife of E. Hall; .\bner, who formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Julia Carpenter; Frances, who married Mr. John Hendricks; John, husband of Miss Sarah Hurley; Harriet, wife of D. Mooers ; Matthew died at the early age of 18 years; Mark, at the time of the California gold fever, went to that State and no word has been received from him for a number of years; Joseph married Miss Nancy Heppenstall ; Sarah, wife of James Allen, of this sketch; Eliza died at the early age of five years; Andrew, in in- fancy, was removed from earth, and there was an in- fant unnamed. About the parental hearth of Mr. and Mrs. Allen have grown up three children, although seven were born to them — Francis, born Aug. 24, 1847 ; Harry, Sept. 30, 1851 ; Darius, Sept. 7, 1855 ; Julius, born .\ug. 20, 1864; James, Sept. 7, 1867 ; Frank, Sept. 1872. Four children of the family were deceased in infancy, viz. : Harry, Darius and two unnamed. ■ *■ ^^^^4> 476 KNOX COUNTY. ■^ Although the possessor of a handsome property, Mr. Allen has suffered loss through the agency of fire, being once burned out, at which time all the family records were destroyed, and also the records of his farm ; the entire detriment to his possessions he estimated at $2,000. He began work in this section of the county in 186 1, since wliich time he has been remarkably successful in his particular line of labor. He is in character moral and upright, and his wife is a member of the United Brethren Church. His parents were, politically, of the old-line Whigs, but Mr. Allen is Democratic in sentiment and belief. ;ber Goddard. The subject of tliis notice is a retired farmer, spending the sunset of his life in the enjoyment of a handsome com- 5S. petency acquired through years of honest toil, in the thriving little village of Wataga. He was born in Lancaster, Worcester Co., Mass., July 8, 1813, his parents being Eber and Lucy (Johnson) Goddard, natives of that State. His father was a tailor by trade and a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Both parents died in Massa- chusetts, the father May 3, 1835, and the mother in 1852. The subject of this notice was an inmate of the parental household until the demise of his parents. During his younger days he worked on his fatlier's farm and attended the common schools, and was also occupied in a saw-mill. We next hear of him in Lawrence, Kan., where he remained two months, whence he removed to Center Ridge, Mercer County, this State. There he was engaged in buying and selling land, but after three months' residence there came to this county and made settlement in Rio Township, on a farm of 160 acres, which he pur- chased and where he lived for nine years, actively engaged in its cultivation and improvement. He then sold his farm and moved to Sparta Townshi[), where he purchased 100 acres located on sections 4 and 1;, and was a resident thereon until 1881, with the exception of three years which he passed in Oneida. In 1881 he came to Wataga, and here purchased a residence and lot, which has consti- tuted his home ever since. Mr. Goddard was married on the 2d of .March , -v- 1841, to Miss Mary L. Burditt, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of James and Lucinda (Trowbridge) Burditt, natives of Massachusetts. Mrs. Goddard was born Oct. 20, 1817, in Massachu- setts, and was the second in order of birth of a family of ten children; three besides Mrs. G. are living: Abidan K. lives in Kansas; James R. lives in Mas- sachusetts; Alfred L. resides in the same State. The parents of Mrs. G. are both deceased, the father living to the advanced age of 93 years, passing into the other world while living in Massachusetts. He was born, and lived and died on the old homestead in the town of Leominster, his demise taking place June I, 1884. The mother died April 23, 1818. The father of Mrs. G. was married three times, the second wife being Mary T. Reed, born Jan. 20, 1793, married May 27, 1819, died Dec. 15, 1826. The third, Mrs. Polly Woods, nee Smith, was born April It, 1796, married June 28, 1827, died April i, 1871. She bore her husband three children, two of « whom are living: Artemus W., born March 30, 1842, is at this time living in Lima, Peru, South America. I He took to wife Miss Rosaura Rubio, a native of Peru,v< born in November, 185 1. They have five children — Charles Florence, born Nov. 7, 1878; Maria Louise, Nov. 23, 1880; .\rthur Rudolph, April 14, 1882; Eugene A., June 2, 1884 ; M. Rosa, Sept. 15, 1885 ; Maria L. and Eugene A. are deceased. Lucy M. God- dard became the wife of A. S. Fitch. She was born July 26, 1843. <')f their union there is no issue, but they have an adopted daughter — Addie S. — who was born Oct. 2, 1871. Mr. Fitch died March 23, 1882. He was the only son of Luther and Ann (Harvey) Fitch, who were among the oldest settlers in Knox County, coming from New York Mills, Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1840; they settled in Rio Township. He enlisted in the 83d 111. Vol. Inf., in 1862, and was at the second battle of Fort Donelson. He received an honorable discharge in 1865. He was born July 19, 1836. Charles A. Goddard was born May 6, 1850, and died Dec. 21, 1882. He was married Oct. 6, 1874, to May L. Hyde, and they have two children — May, born June 7, 1875; and Jessie M., born Aug. 4, 1877. Mr. Goddard of this notice, politically, is a stanch supporter of the principles advocated by the Repub- lican party. What he has of this world's goods he has made himself. , Artam us W., who is now in South America, is *i KtfOX CO UN TV. 477 chief engineer of one of the railroad lines in Peru. He has held the positions of Superintendent, Master Mechanic, and other places of trust. In the War of the Rebellion he was one of the first to enlist in the service of his countr)-. He enlisted in the ist 111. Cav., Co. D, Capt. Smith. He was with Col. Mulli- gan and was captured at Lexington, Mo. He was paroied and went again into the nth 111. Cav., un- der Col. Bob Ingersoll, and participated in the battle of Corinth, after which he took sick and came home. In the meantime he had not been exchanged, so he left the service and went to Massachusetts, and commenced to learn his trade of machinist. He again enlisted, in the 3d Mass. Cav. Regt., and went to Hilton Head, S. C. He was mustered out at Richmond, Va., in 1865. ■^3= =€1- Y~nr ■^^harles Pister, of the firm of Charles Pis- "'' ter & Co., of Wataga, is among the great number of people from Germany who have ^ ^ found homes in and contributed to the pros- ? ? perity of the county and State of their adop- tion. He was born in Rhine Beverian, Germany, Jan. 28, 1841. His parents were Jacob and Catherine (Hoffman) Pister, natives of the same country. The father was by trade a tailor, but fol- lowed this only a short time, when he engaged in the vineyard business, which he pursued through life. He died Nov. 20, 1853; the mother Aug. 20, 1857. Their family was composed of 12 children, ten sons and two daughters. Three of the brothers came to America— George, Jacob and Charles — settling in Illinois. George and Jacob died in this county in 1 868 and 1881 respectively. Charles, the subject of this biography, remained at home with his parents until 13 years of age, when he went out to learn fresco painting, working at the same in Germany un- til 28 years of age. He then came to America in i86g, and settled in Knox County, worked at his trade in Abingdon and Galesburg eight years, when he engaged with F. P. Foltz in the tile business at the former place, where he continued until 1883. Selling out his interest to Mr. Foltz, in the year above named, Mr. Pister came to Wataga, where he opened a tile manufactorj-, which is now run by a 40 horse-power engine, turning out tile to the extent of about $6,000 per annum, and employing ten men. He also manufactures brick and paving, and has a good house and lot in the village of Wataga. Realizing, as many enterprising young men have previously done, that it is not good for man to be alone, Mr. Pister was united in marriage Feb. 12, 1874, with Miss Amelia Ehrenhart, a native of his own country. This union has been blessed by the birth of seven children, three sons and four daugh- ters, namely: Charles, Amelia, Fred, Katie, Linna, Bertha and Frank. C ohn Ennis, a retired farmer, is a resident of i^^ML Knox County, whose home lies on section /ftSg I, in Salem Township. He was born in ?!-Z Oneida County, N. Y , June 24, 1806, t and his grandfather, John Ennis, was a na- tive of England. The father of our subject, Michael Ennis, was an early settler in Oneida County. John Ennis, Jr., grew to manhood and was reared on his father's farm, receiving his early education in the common schools, but later attending Clinton Col- lege and Whitesboro .Academy. At the age of 19 he commenced teaching and continued at this occupa- tion for about eight months of the year, while the re- mainder he devoted to lumbering in Oneida County. In 1828, having saved sufficient means to do so, he made a [lurchase of land in Verona Township. His marriage occurring about this time, he located on land purchased previously, where he lived until 1846, and, having sold it, resolved to emigrate to Illinois. He started in the month of May, coming via the Erie Canal and the lakes to Chicago. At that city he en- gaged a team to carry himself, wife and eight children overland to Peoria County, and, renting a house in Newburg, he started to seek a location. The fol- lowing June Mr. Ennis bought 160 acres of wild land on section i, Salem Township, and in October of that year 80 more on the same section, ujxjn which the family settled. He continued to buy land from time to time until he owned 1,000 acres. His resi- dence stands on the northwest quarter of section i, on the land he first purchased. He is well known as a man of superior education as well as of energy and enterprise, and was fortunate in securing a wife rH^ 478 KNOX COUNTY. in all ways worthy of him in native ability and intel- ligence. Mr. Ennis was married Sept. 27, 1828, to Sally Loomis, who was born in Oneida County, N. Y., Jan. 29, 1807, and is the daughter of Jeremiah and Sally (Higby) Loomis. Her father is a native of Connec- ticut, and her mother of New York. Her grandpar- ents, on both sides, were pioneers of the latter State. Twelve children were born to Mrs. Ennis' parents, seven of whom are living, as follows : Celestia, wife of Chas. Kennedy, of Missouri; Calista, wife of Geo. Parsel, resident of Cass County, Neb. ; Sarah A., wife of La Fayette Rowley, of Idaho Ter. ; Elizabeth married Albertus Bartholomew, and her home is in Peoria County ; Nathaniel S. lives in Peoria County ; Jabez A. lives on the homestead ; Emma, wife of Lewis Farmer, lives in Kansas; Edward was a soldier in the 33d III. Vol. Inf., and lost his life at Shiloh. Mrs. Elizabeth Bartholomew is the mother of six children, as follows : John B., Orrie Y., Lura H., Charles A., Carrie Maud, Bessie Alice. John B. married Miss Luella Moore, of Oskaloosa, Iowa, and has one child, named Albertus F. Ennis. Our sub- ^ ject was a soldier, serving in the 47th 111. Vol. Inf. Mr. and Mrs. E. are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are faithful working Chris- tians. Mr. Ennis has been for some time Class Leader, and also Superintendent of the Sunday- school. Politically he was a Democrat, but joined the Republican p.irty at its formation, and, being an enlightened, wide-awake citizen, with strong and de- cided opinions, is an acquisition to the county as a politician. Jabez A. Ennis, the youngest son, who now man- ages the homestead for his father, was born in Verona Township, Oneida County, N. Y., Oct. 29, 1845. He was but an infant when his parents came to Knox County, and in that section grew to manhood, being reared on the farm. He received his early educa- tion in the district schools, in the high school at Elm- wood and in the business college at Peoria. In 1867 he went on a Western trip with a pair of horses and a light wagon, to Lincoln, Neb., returning through Kansas and Missouri, and arrived here about two months from the day he started out. He married Sept. 12, 187 1, Susan E. Bishop, of Schuylkill County, Pa., who was born Feb. 23, 1850, and is the daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Brewer) Bishop, natives of England. Immediately after their mar- riage the couple settled down on the homestead, the management of which has been entirely in J. A. En- nis' hands ever since. In politics he is a Republi- can, is a faithful worker, energetic and industrious, and bears a good reputation both in private and pub- lic circles. He is the father of seven children — John A., Susan E., Eva M., Cora E., Oriel R. and J. Earl. ^^^Sk homas Murdoch is a farmer, residing on section 26, of Cedar Township, and was born in Merrittstown, Pa., March 24, 1812. He is the son of Walter and Sarah (Bivens) Murdoch. His father, Walter, was of English descent, and, emigrating to this country in 1780, resolved on settling here. He died in 1825, having arrived here in his thirteenth year, alone and unbefriended. He first landed in New York City, and then proceeded to Pennsylvania. While yet a little boy he worked his way onward and upward,, educating himself, until finally, graduating with the first honors, he was enabled to become a school teach- er, a profession which he followed during his naturaL life. His decease took place within six miles of Gal- lipolis, Ohio, where he moved in 18 15 and settled in Gallia County. Miss Sarah Bivens, who became his wife, was born in 1775, and died about 1820, her death taking place in Ohio. By the union there were eight children — John, WilUam, Patrick, Eliza, Maria, Covington, Emma and Sally. Two died in infancy. The gentleman whose name occurs above married Miss Mary Cave, on Aug. 24, 1834. This lady was born in Ross County, Ohio, May 17, 1810, being de scended of an old French family. Her parents (Mr and Mrs. Cave) had seven children — Nancy, Eliz abeth, Thomas, William, Joseph, Benjamin and Dor- cas. Mr. Murdoch himself has had five children, three dead and two living. Those deceased are Joseph, Thomas and Nancy. Those living are Purley and Sallie A. Purley married Miss Louisa Dechant, Dec. 18, 1867 ; they are the parents of one child, Charlie A., born Nov. 5, 1869. Sallie A. mar- ried Miles Morris, and is now living in Iowa. There was one child born to this union, named Charles Henry Morris. Mr. Morris bought 400 acres of un- improved land, which he has improved. Our subject came to Illinois, Oct. 28, 1842. He is the owner of 200 acres of prime land, on which is lA^ll \ LIBRARY OF THE t.;iVERSiTY OF ILUK?'3 KSOX COUNTY. 481 erected a very fine dwelling-house. In politics this genlleman is Deniocratic, while by religious persua- sion he and his wife belong to the Christian Church. The home of the family is always open to friends, of whom Mr. Murdoch can boast a great numl)er. rames McKeighan. The subject of this ''- sketch, whose portrait appears on the oppo- site page, was bom in Artifarrel, County Antrim, Ireland. June 9, 1803, and was the sec- ond son in a family of 11 children, consisting of nine boys and three girls. His parents were John and Lillie (Gault) McKeighan, and the names of their children are as follows : John; Mary and Esther, twins ; James, Alexander; William, a son whodied in infancy; Samuel, Robert, Daniel, Nancy and Matthew. John, the oldest son, left home when a young man, with the intention of removing to Aus- tralia, but is lost sight of, never having been heard from since. Mary united in marriage with a Mr. Patterson, and died a few years ago in Philadelphia. >i Esther married Robert Moore ; is now a widow living with her son, Stuart Moore, near Toulon, 111. Alex- ander died at his home near Farmington, in June, 1878, of paralysis. William, who was never married, died at the old home in Ireland about two years ago, and Samuel at his home in Farmington, in 1S60. Robert is a wealthy fanner, who has retired from active life and resides in Toulon, 111. Daniel died over 30 years since of heart disease, dropping dead in the streets of Philadelphia. Nancy married Will- iam Farley, and is now a widow, living on her farm north of Toulon. Matthew, the youngest, is living in the State of Missouri. Our subject at an early age became a linen weaver and worked at that trade until 1835, when he left his native land, bidding adieu to parents, home and kindred, and arrived in the spring of the year at Philadelphia. He brought with him no fortune but his inborn integrity, sound judgment, perseverance and willing hands. He was 32 years of age at that time, with meritorious traits of character firmly grounded, and he entered at once in the new coun- try upon the task of winning a home. Remaining in New Jersey and Pennsylvania until the fall of 1838, he came West and settled at Farmington, Fulton County, this State, working for the home he coveted. and in a few years was in possession of a farm. He then, in the fall of 1847, returned to Ireland, where he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Rachel (Cunningham) Cunningham, in 1848, who survives him, and who mourns the loss of a faithful companion and an affectionate and true-hearted husband. Soon after his marriage Mr. McKeighan returned to America, accompanied by his bride, and located in Fulton County and remained there until 1855. His property consisted of 80 acres of land in Farm- ington Township, on which was erected a log house. .At the time he located in Knox County, this had been replaced by a neat frame house and many im- provements — so many, that his farm sold for S30 per acre. He next purchased 160 acres of raw prairie land on section 22 of Salem Township, and from it has developed under the skillful hand of the hus- bandman a splendid farm, known as Willow Row. He was a resident of this place at the time of his death. He was well known as a pioneer and early worker in both Fulton and Knox Counties. Asso- ciated with Henry Andrews and Michael McMahon, both residents of Fulton County, he assisted in grad- ing the first railroad ever attempted to be built in the State. He endured all the hardships incident to that day. His first fence was built of sod, and was still doing duty as late as the spring of 1849. James McKeighan ranked high among the most successful and practical farmers of Illinois, and had grown wealthy and influential by actual labor, and in his later days he deeded large tracts of fine farming land I to his children. His family consisted of two boys and i four girls, of whom two died in childhood, and were buried within a week of one another. The others are R. J. McKeighan; Rachel, oldest daughter, still at home; Elizabeth is the wife of R. R. Steck; and Emma, the youngest daughter, also residing under the parental roof. In addition to his farming pursuits, our subject ' was a successful raiser of fine stock, in which he ' took a deep interest. In politics he was originally a Whig, but on the formation of the Republican party entered its ranks, upholding and adhering to its prin- ciples to the date of his death. He was a man of deep and earnest patriotism, and his affection for the country of his adoption was equaled only by his in- terest in and devotion to his religion. During the I Civil War he never lost faith in the final triumph of ■*' • ■ V 482 KNOX COUNTY. 4 right and justice, and he had no sympathy with those who plotted for the downfall of the country. He was a consistent and zealous member of the Old School Presbyterian Church, and sprang from the old Scotch- Irish stock known as Covenanters. With but three fellow-workers — John and Matthew Simpson, and Mrs. Oliver Smith — he assisted in organizing the first Presbyterian" Church of Farmington, in which he was an active member, giving $1,200 toward the building qf the new house of worship. Later he presented the church society of Yates City with a house and lot for a parsonage, he having changed his membership from the former to the latter place. He was ever charitable and helpful to those in need, contributing liberally toward the support of all moral and religious undertakings, and his sound judgment and executive ability rendered him a valuable addi- tion to the building committe-i of the Farmington church. Both himself and wife were noted for their hospitality and kindness, and no one who knew him ever doubted but that his honesty of character and hearty religious principles entered into every relation of Hfe. Toward his own countrymen he was es- pecially kind, and many have cause to remember his welcome on coming to America as strangers in a strange land. He died Nov. 15, 1S85, and his burial services took place from his late residence on the 17th. The services were conducted by Rev. Henning, who rendered to him a generous meed of praise, well knowing that his virtues have builded him a monument in the liearts of the people, out- lasting and enduring beyond all earthly structures. His call home came one quiet Sabbath 'evening, and he entered the land of the Redeemed, just as the day was closing. " Blessed are they that die in the Lord." " Life's duties done, as .^inks the day, Light from its load the spirit flie"s; While heaven and earth combine to say • How blest the righteous when he dies." "' losiah J. Cochran, dealer in staple and fancy groceries, glass and crockery ware, provisions, wood and coal, established _ business in Abingdon in 1872. Mr. Cochran jC was born m Highland County, Ohio, Sept. 6 ^ \ 1836, and is the son of Andrew and Nancy (Cannon) Cochran, natives of the same State. Our subject came to Abingdon, Knox Co., with his par- ents, in October, 1837, and has continued to reside in this place since that time. He received a common- school education, and enlisted Aug. 11, 1862, in Co. I, 83d Vol. Inf ; was promoted to Sergeant and mus- tered out of service July 7, 1865. His regiment was in Gen. Thompson's corps, was mounted part of the time and doing much skirmish duty with guerrillas, participating in the second battle of Fort Donelson. After his return to Knox County, our subject fol- lowed the carpenter's trade for two years, then was employed as clerk for F. P. Foltz for eight years, subsequently embarking in his present business. He selected for his life companion Miss M. J. Shoop, of Abingdon, and the result of this union was the birth of eight children, four sons and four daughters, of whom the record is as follows : Lucia M., born Aug. 13, 1S61, became the wife of Chas. F. Coy and they reside in California; Fannie M., born April 4, 1866; Arthur F., Nov. 20, 1867 ; Carrie B., Dec. 20, 1869; George A., Sept. 22, 1872; Fred. W., May 4, 1874; Josiah H., Aug. 15, 1876; and Mary J., Feb. 6, 1880. Mrs. Cochran died April 24, 1881. She was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which denomination Mr. C. is also a mem- ber. Politically he is a stanch Republican and is a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 58. '^^^^- ^' -^dams. Among the well-to-do and ^ g^JI ^ successful farmers of Sparta Township who Jjlfe^ have succeeded in their chosen vocation 5(!}a without being the recipient of any legacy, but W by their own energy and perseverance, is the 1 subject of this notice. He is pleasantly sit- uated on his fine farm on section 4, in the township named, and there continues to follow the vocation of his life, meeting with success in that calling. Mr. Adams has spent all the years of his life in this county, having been born here on the 7th of March, 1842. His father was James and his mother Sarah (Miller) Adams, natives of South Carolina. They came to this county in 1841 and made settlement in Rio Township, on 80 acres of uncultivated land, which he diligently cultivated and improved until his death, in 1879, his good wife having preceded him to the land beyond in 1847. Their family of children, who lived to attain the age of man and •JKT. ^ ^e4^ KNOX county: !?Jh- 483 womanhood, were eight in number, namely : Wil- son (see sketch) ; William D. P., now in Oregon ; he married Liicina Loveridge and went to that Ter- ritor)- in the spring of 1865, making the trip over- land. John T. (see sketch); A. F. (our subject). Phelps R., now residing in Santa Cruz, Cal.; he is a preacher in the Congregational Church, and married Agnes Hommon, of Knox County; they have four children. Caroline married Thomas Woodman, and is deceased. Lucinda, deceased, married Joshua Whiteleather. Sarah became the wife of J. C. Nash and resides in Mercer County ; they are the parents of three children. The father of our subject was one of the first set- tlers on the unbroken prairie land, at that time be- lieved to be unproductive. The family lived in the primitive log cabin of that day, and the appearance of their domicile remained practically unchanged for 20 years. The father was a man of energy and push, and strictly temperate. He e.\perienced all the trials and privations incident to the early settle- ment of a new country, and lived to see Knox Gjunty develop from its primitive condition to one of the best and most productive counties in the Prairie Sute. The subject of this notice lived at home, assisting on the farm and thereby aiding in the maintenance of the family, until 20 years of his life had passed. In the common schools he received his education, and after lea\nng home he moved to Sparta Town- ship, and rented a farm and was occupied in its cultivation until the news flashed across the conti- nent that rebel shot and shell had been thundered against the walls of Sumter, when he enlisted in defense of the rights for which his forefathers had fought. He joined Co. B, 138th 111. Vol. Inf, and was in the service of his country for five months. ReceiNnng an honorable discharge, he returned home, doffed his uniform, laid aside his accouter- ments of war, and entered upon the peaceful pur- suits of life. He purchased 50 acres of land, and lived on the same, together with a younger brother, until 1880. He then sold it and purchased the farm on which he is at present residing and which con- sists of 98 acres. This farm was originally entered by his uncle, Reuben Robbins, who lived on it until 1863, when he sold it, and our subject purchased it as before stated. Mr. Adams was united in marriage in 1867, with Miss Elizabeth Woolworth, a daughter of Newell Woolwonh, of York State. She was the third in order of birih of a family of four, vix,: Reuben W., J. G. B., Elizabeth M. and Marj' L. They all arrived at the age of man and womanhood. The father passed away in 1870; the mother is still living in York State. Mr. .Adams is a Republican in political sentiment, and he and his wife are members of the Second Ad- vent Church, and, as a representative of the agri- cultural class, he is the peer of its best and worthiest. Two children, boys, complete their family — Birney W. and Fred C. Adams. ;>ary J. Boydston. The subject of the bi- ographical sketch given below is known ■^^ . in Knox County as a lady of genial and pleasant disposition and as an active and in- 1 dustrious woman. Her home is situated on \ section 20, of Indian Point Township, where she is nobly battling with life's realities alone, the com- I panion of her life being taken. She has nobly shown "< her -capability to cope with the world single-handed. The deceased husband, John J. Boydston, was j born in Woodford County. III., Jan. 4, 1831, and died J 1 Sept. 2, 1882. His parents were from Kentucky, but * were of Scotch ancestry and blood. When John was I five or six years of age, his parents removed to Knox County, and settled in Indian Point Township. At the age of 17, he experienced a change of heart and joined the Christian Church, enrolling his name upon the church books, and enlisting under the banner of Christ Jesus. He was warm-hearted and impulsive, deeply interested in the work, and he took an active part in the Sunday-school and also in the church. As he grew up, he filled various offices and was Deacon in that body at the time of his death. He was note- worthy as an enterprising man. and an energetic, hard-working citizen, and was beloved by all for his sympathetic gentleness and kindly courtesy. He was widely mourned at tfie time of his death, which took place in the State of Texas, where he had gone to visit a sick brother. His remains were, however, brought to his home in Knox County, by his faithful wife, and buried from that place, attended by a large concourse of people. On Dec. 19, 1850, he was united in marriage to r 484 KNOX COUNTY. Miss Mary J. Dawdy, daughter of John and Sarah (Boydston) Dawdy. Her father was born in 1802, and died at the age of 76. Mr. Boydston had filled the office of Supervisor of Indian Point Township, with honor to himself and credit to the people. The union has been blessed by a son and daughter, the son being Thomas Boydston. Thomas M. was born Oct. 6, 1853, united in hand and heart with Miss Kate P. Morrison, Sept. i, 1880. She was born Oct. 29, i860. Thena Belle was born October 6, 1858, and died March 12, 1863. She was a bright and interesting child of five years, and her loss was a severe blow to her parents. Mrs. Boydston, of this writing, was born Nov. 22, 1831, in Woodford County, 111. She united with the Christian Church, and has shown forth the beauties of consistent Christianity throughout her entire life since that time. Her name was enrolled on the church books at Abingdon in 1848. She had one sister, now Mrs. A. T. Robinson, living in the same (township, and ten half-brothers and sisters. Her father and mother were members of the Christian Church, and active workers in all public enter- I prises. He was something of a politician and was I Democratic in politics. I Mr. Thomas M., the son, has one daughter, * a sweet little girl of two years, by name Nana Pearl, who was born Dec. 11, 1884. Thomas Boydston has in possession 160 acres of finely culti- vated land, and all common grades of cattle. He does a general fanning business and is quite success- ful. Mrs. Boydston is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Boydston is moderately interested in public affairs, and is a Democrat in politics. 4 [Wl^aciel B. Sargent, a prominent farmer liv- 5Sw ing on section 15, Salem Township, is one of Knox County's most energetic and in- dustrious citizens, well known and highly re- spected for his native ability and moral worth. He was born in Farmington, Fulton County, III, Aug. 12, 1832. His father, Theodore Sargent, was a native of the State of Maine, born Dec. 24, 1795. The grandfather of our subject, by name Charles Sargent, spent his latter days in the same State. Theodore Sargent remained under the parental roof until 1813, and at that time enlisted, in the month of April, as a soldier in the War of 1812, Capt. Prescott commanding. He served along the line from Montreal to Detroit, remaining in the army until the close of the war. He was then discharged at the last-named city, receiving for his services 160 acres of land in Fulton County, valued at that time at $1.25 per acre. In 18 19, accompanied by two others, he started for Illinois, proceeding from Detroit to Fort Wayne, Ind., thence in a skiff down the Wabash River to Vincennes, and from there across the State of Illinois. Reaching St. Louis, he proceeded to Ft. Clark, now Peoria, and remained there until 1822. He had in the meantime visited Fulton County, and, finding that section of country to be one of the finest agricultural regions in the State, concluded to locate there. Accordingly he went to the land-office at Vandalia and obtained a list of all the Government land in Fulton County, but by some mistake the northeast quarter of section 27, in township 7 north, range 4 east, now included in the town of Canton, was given in this list as unentered land. He decided to preempt it, and erected a log cabin north of the present site of the High School building, breaking his land and thus becoming the first settler in Canton. He was a single man at this time, and tiring of lack of companionship and inspiration, no less than of the inconvenience of boarding himself, he employed a blacksmith named Hughland to occupy his cabin, continue his vocation as a blacksmith and give him a home in his family. Mr. Hughland was a manu- facturer of cowbells and did the first work of that kind in the county. In the year 1824, Isaac Swan appeared upon the scene, showing to Sargent a militar)- title to the land that he had settled upon. Our subject made no re- sistance of any kind, but immediately vacated, leav- ing Swan in possession. Swan was accompanied by his brother-in-law, Nathan Jones, who owned a quar- ter of section 34, and by mutual agreement, Jones' land being covered with timber and Swan's entirely deficient in that respect, they divided equally, Swan taking the north half of the Jones quarter-section and Jones in turn taking the south half of Swan's. The latter foresaw a fine location for a town, and proposed founding one on the west 40 acres of their prairie tract. To this, however, Jones would not assent, but a Mr. Kinney, living on section 27, joined him in the enterprise and 108 lots were platted. Kinney re I* RESlDENCEOrD.B.SARGENT.SEC. 15. SalIM TOWNSHIP. LIQRARY OF THE UnjVERSiTY OF ILUH" . --§- KNOX COUNTY. 487 niained but a short time half owner of Canton, as John Q)leman, Sr., confronted him with a title to his land, and, ousting him, took possession of his quarter. No little controversy arose regarding the first street, named Adelphi. The first couple married in Canton was Theodore Sargent, the father of our subject, and Miss Rachel Brown, a native of Virginia ; the date of their nup- tials was Nov. 24, 1824. The marriage occurred in the cabin of Daniel Brown, father of the bride, and, as was common in those early days of hospitality and neighborly feeling, everyone in the vicinity assembled to witness the ceremony. Although small, the house was not nearly filled, and thus the population of that section was shown to be far from large. The bridal dress was of linen homespun, and a three cornered handkerchief was arranged about the bride's neck, while her feet were incased in moccasins; the groom also wore moccasins, and was attired in linsey, colored with butternut bark. Many of the guests were similarly attired ; they sat upon puncheon benches, and gave undivided attention to the cere- mony which joined the pair for life, the same being performed by Capt. Barnes, County Commissioner. When it was completed, the bride's father, producing a noggin of whisky and a new tin cup, proceeded to pledge the bride with the assembled company. It was considered a select ai>d aristocratic affair. The guests were merry, not to say hilarious, and songs and anecdotes were the order of the day. On leaving his land Mr. Sargent went to Farm- ington, in which section of the country he was a pio- neer. During the Winnebago troubles he was an officer under Gen. Dodge, having been appointed by Gov. Reynolds, and during the Black Hawk war he was lieutenant of a militia company. After Still- man's defeat, an order came for seven men from the Canton company. He at once musiered the com- pany in front of Childs & Stillman's store and read the requisition, calling upon those who would volunteer to fall into the ranksj but not a man obeyed. He was equal, however, to the emergency, and, going into a store, bought two gallons of whisky, which seemed at that time to be the only medium of persuasion, and passed it down the ranks, treating every man. " Boys," he reasoned, " we are compelled to have the services of seven men ; one of two evils must be chosen, either fall in or I shall be obliged to draft you. You who will go, declare yourselves." Either the liquor, the threat, or both, had the desired effect, as nine men immediately announced their willing- ness, and the reijuired number was obtained. When peace was declared Mr. Sargent settled down to agricultural pursuits, his field of labor lying in the vicinity of Farmington, where he continued until his death, which took place July 15, 187 i. The wife of Theodore Sargent was born in Vir- ginia, Nov. 15, 1803, and died July 17, 1881. Of their union there were born eight children, five now living, who bear names as follows: Lydia A., wife of George W. Fawcett, of Ray County, Mo.; Daniel B.; Job B , now living in Maquon Township; Sarah K., married to Thomas McCann, of Richmond, Mo.; and Joel B., resident of Wataga, Kno.x County. Daniel B. Sargent was the fourth child in order of birth in his father's family and was reared on the farm, receiving his education in the pioneer school and making his home under the parental roof up to the date of his marriage, Oct. 8, 1854, at which time he was united with Mary J. Brassfield, born March ' 13, 1837, in Parke County, Ind. She was the daugh- ter of Michael and Rutli (Freeman) Brassfield, both natives of North Carolina. They located in Peoria ■ County, near the town of Dunlap, where they lived for two years, then removed to Fulton County and remained there until 1852. At that date they went • to Knox County and settled in .Salem Township. Her father departed this life in 1837, but her mother survives him, and at the present time lives in Dun- lap, Peoria County. One child only was born to Mr. and Mrs. Sargent — Devillo Sargent; he married Nettie Gould, and they have two children — Ethel and Mary Elzina. Mr. Sargent lived on his father's homestead in Farmington for one year, then purchased land on section 15 of Salem Township, in April, 1856. The land was wild, unimproved prairie, and presented not only a large field of labor, but a cheerless appear- ance. The pioneer spirit was strong, however, in the bosoms of the early settlers, and, undismayed, he proceeded to build a small frame house on the place, and began the cultivation of his land, upon which he raised small crops that year. They have occupied this home since that time, rebuilding and adding to the house, erecting a large barn and other farm build- ings, and beautifying the immediate grounds about the dwelling with ornamental shrubs and sliade trees. By subsequent purchases Mr. Sargent has become -H- a ^=-H^ 488 XJVOX COUN7 Y. the owner of about 480 acres, 40 of which lie in Salem Township. In politics Mr. Sargent has been a Republican. The view of Mr. Sargent's fine resi- dence which we give on another page greatly assists in embellishing this published history of Knox County. athew Buffum is one of the practical and progressive farmers of Knox County, resi- f iivittp?-''^ dent in Salem Township, where his home- y R \ stead is located, on section 20. He is of English lineage, his early ancestors being one of two brothers, Quakers, who, to enjoy their own religion, emigrated to America from England, and thus escaped the persecution imposed on ac- count of their religious belief. They located in Con- necticut, and all the members of the family remained in the Society of Friends until the generation of our subject's grandfather. His name was Stephen Buf- >< fum, and he married outside the Quaker communion. He was not especially identified with that particular religious organization, but always wore the garb of the Friends. In 1826 he emigrated to Illinois, lo- cating in Fairview Township, Fulton County, where he was identified with the pioneers of that section. He next removed to Lewistown, where he remained until his death. Our subject was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, Nov. 20, 1 83 1. His father, Stephen S. Buffum, Jr., was a native of Vermont, where he was born in Addison County, in 1802. When but 12 years of age his parents removed to Ohio, settling in Ashta- bula County, in which place he grew to manhood. He was united in the bonds of wedlock with Esther Mann, a native of Connecticut, born Feb. 26, 1811. She was a descendent of Capt. Richard Mann, of England, one of the pioneer settlers of Scituate, Mass. At the time of marriage Mr. Buffum settled on land which he had purchased in Ashtabula County, Ohio. There was a saw-mill on the farm, and he engaged in the cultivation of the ground, fol- lowing his agricultural pursuits until 1836, when he emigrated to Illinois. He traveled on horseback to Knox County after he entered this State, and took up the northwest quarter of section 20, in 1857, in what is now Salem Township. Upon this there was a log house and small frame barn. All the improve- ments that are now here Mr. B. has made since re- siding here. He is engaged in mixed farming and stock-raising. Mr. Buffum is among the pioneers of the county. A half century has fled by since first he made his home here ; then the country was one vast, unbroken plain, stretching far away to Chicago on the north, to which place the old settlers, including Mr. B.'s father, hauled their grain. Soon after Mr. Buffum's arrival, his father-in-law followed him with his family in charge, they making the journey over- land. The family moved into the log house which was there, and he commenced farming operations. He worked with oxen, and in a few years had the entire quarter under cultivation. In 185 1, he re- moved to the southwest quarter of section 20, where he erected a brick house and a frame barn. There he lived until 1858, at the end of which time he en- gaged in buying grain at Yates City, and later entered the mercantile business. At this he engaged for sev- " eral years, his death occurring Feb. 6, 187 1. His wife departed this life in the year T847, leaving a family of eight children, seven of whom grew to man and womanhood. His second wife, to whom he was united in marriage April ir, 1850, was Diantha L. At wood, who was born at Starksboro, Vt., and to them has been born one child — Eva D. Mrs. Buf- fum and her daughter reside in Yates City. Our subject was the second child in order of birth in his father's family, and was five years of age when he came to Knox County with his parents. There he grew to manhood, was reared on the farm and attended school in Maquon Township, that being his first educational opportunity. In the early settle- ment of the county there were no schools, and the one he attended was two miles distant, but he was industrious and attended faithfully to his books and thus received a fair education. He has always en- gaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he has been very successful. He was united in marriage with Lydia M. Jobes, Feb. 25, 1864, who was born in Erie County, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1844, and is the daughter of James and Jenette { Candee ) Jobes. He settled on the old homestead, which he now owns and occupies. He owns other land, having in all about 233 acres highly cultivated. The home farm is supplied with good i^ :jh- KNOX COUNTY. 489 frame buildings, which he has erected and fitted up with all modern conveniences. Politically, Mr. B. is a Greenbacker, and is wide- awake to the interests of the public. ^i ^^^Uiba H. Adams. Everywhere throughout •m^ as \ ly in I where the boundaries of Knox County, look which -J TJ- ^ way you will from its center, one can see ^ " s fine farms as are to be found in any coun- the State. But a few short years ago, now we behold beautiful houses and splendid improvements, it was all one broad, uncul- tivated tract of prairie land. It is therefore to the agricultural class mainly that the wonderful advance- ment which the county has made during the last 50 years is due. As a representative of the class spoken of and a large land-owner in the county, as . well as a respected and honored citizen and energetic ■ follower in his chosen vocation, we take pleasure in I mentioning the name of Mr. Adams, who resides on ^ section 17, of Elba Township. I Ziba H. Adams is the son of Hazard and Eliza- I beth (Wort) Adams, natives of the New England I '. States. The parents settled in Ohio, where the ! father followed the calling of farmer and where both heads of the family died. The children were nine in number, and Ziba was the third in order of 1 birth. He was born in Luzerne County, Pa., Sept. 20, 1820. Ziba Adams was quite young when his parents re- moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio. There he lived, attending the common schools, developing into man- hood and working on the farm until about 1846. I He then came to this county and made a settlement in Persifer Township, where he was occupied in ag- ricultural pursuits for about eight years. From the I latter township he moved to Elba and settled on a tract of land on section 17, where he has since made his home. He is the proprietor of 746}^ acres of land in this county, and on his home farm has a fine residence, barn and other necessary out-buildings, and surrounded by a happy family he is enjoying the fruits of a laborious and honorable past. Mr. Adams was married in Persifer Township, April 8, 1847, to Delilah Gullet, daughter of Joshua and Barbara (Housh) GuUett, natives of North Car- olina and Kentucky respectively. Her parents came to this county in 1844, and first made settlement in Maquon Township, from whence they removed to Persifer Township, where their lives on earth were ended. They had seven children, and Mrs. Adams of this notice was the sixth in order of birth. She was born in Putnam County, Ind.,Dec. 17, 1835, and their children have likewise been seven in number, named Barbara E., Mary A., Angeline, Villa M., John A., Austin and Clara M. Angeline died when four years of age ; Barbara is the wife of Enoch Dalton, a farmer of Elba Township ; Mary married Henry j Perkins, a resident of Nebraska; Villa became Mrs. Jacob Gray, and resides in Maquon Township; John, Austin and Clara live on the old homestead. Mr. Adams has held the office of Constable eight years, and also other minor offices. In politics he is a stanch and active Republican. He is a man of far more than ordinary ability as an agriculturist, and what he has of this world's goods he has acquired through his own perseverance and not as the recipi- ent of any legacy. ^ -v«aja£?®^«'^^^T»®i-a^72r>%« -w^N. vj!ntv>s5^. ■. Lemuel C. Brunson. deceased, a pio- neer physician of Abingdon, was born Nov. 'If ■ 16, 1796, in Vermont. He received his '^~K education in his native State, and was there ^ married, July 14, 1823, to Miss Cynthia Esty. i Mr. Esty was also a native of the Green Mount- ain State. Soon after their marriage they removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where Dr. B. engaged in the prac- tice of his profession. Two children were born of this marriage, named Sarah and Esty. The former is the wife of Andrew Bradbury, of Abingdon ; Esty Brunson took to wife Martha Stevens, of Galesburg, and they are now residing in Los Angeles, Cal. The demise of Mrs. Brunson occurred in Portage County, June 10, 1827. In that county the Doctor was again married, Feb. 10, 182S, to Elizabeth Ferris. There they resided until 1836, the date of their advent into Abingdon, this county. Here Dr. B. engaged in the practice of medicine in the surrounding country, and was a popular and successful physician. 'I'hree children were born of the second marriage of Mr. Brunson. all of whom lived to attain the age of manhood and womanhood. Cynthia, relict of Elijah I'aul, resides in Colorado; Anson married in ■^-^ t 490 KNOX COUNTY. Brooklyn, N. Y., and from there went to Los Ange- les, Cal., where he is Superior Judge. Mary became the wife of Richard Davis, a division freight agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., residing at Galesburg. Dr. B. and wife were members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. His death occurred Oct. 18, 1876, at Abingdon. Mrs. B. died April 25, 1854. Dr. Brun- son was one of the early practitioners of Abingdon, and in those pioneer days, when travel throughout the central part of the State was made with difficulty, he was to be found by the side of patients for many miles around. His practice was not only an exten- sive one, but his success as a physician warranted his being called so frequently and to such great dis- tances. homas Woodmansee. One of the leading farmers and representative citizens of Knox Township is herein named, and the princi- pal points in his life histor)' are niade the sub- stance of this biography. His handsome home includes a substantial farmhouse, with neat and commodious out-buildings, and he has planted a large number of ornamental shade-trees. His home farm includes 120 acres of the ver}- best land in the county. The subject of this writing was born in Clinton County, Ohio, March 2, 1832, and is the oldest of the children of George and Eliza (Holcraft) Woodmansee (see sketch). His boyish years were passed in the place of his birth, and he was educated in the public schools. Quite early in life, Aug. 18, 1853, he took to wife Miss Elizabeth Howard, a native of Clinton County, Ohio, born July 29, 1834. She is the daugh- ter of Elisha P. and Mahala (Brown) Howard. Elisha T. Howard, Sr., was the son of Joseph and Mary (Smith) Howard. They reared a family of nine children to man and womanhood. Joseph Howard died when his son Elisha T. was eight years old, and his father, Gordon Howard, was a native of Ireland. His wife's name was Elizabeth, and they emigrated to America prior to the Revolutionary War. He was a soldier in that memorable conflict, and first settled in Pennsylvania, in Greene County, about the year 1810, removing with his family to Clinton County, Ohio, where he became a farmer and lived to the extreme old age of 97 years. His wife died when she was about 50 years old. They had but one child — Joseph Howard, the grandfather of Mrs. Woodmansee. Two of Mrs. W.'s uncles, the eldest and the youngest brothers of her father, were on board a steamer on the Mississippi River, between St. Louis and Cairo, when the boat was blown up and they were both killed. Mr. Howard was elected Associate Judge of De Kalb County and held the office for several years. While residing in Ohio he was Lieutenant-Colonel of the militia, and was always a leadmg man in public affairs, not only in Ohio, but in Missouri. At the breaking out of the late Rebellion he promptly vol- unteered in aid of the Union cause, raised a com- pany of cavalry in De Kalb County, and was elected Captain. The hard marches and exposure incident to camp life so told upon his health that he was stricken down with disease, and while the army was stationed at Springfield, Mo., he died, in September, 1862, in camp. He left a widow and two children — Mrs. Woodmansee and one son, George Howard, now a resident of St. Joseph, Mo. He was also a soldier in the late war. The maiden name of Mrs. Howard, the mother of Mrs. Woodmansee, was Ma- ^ hala Brown. She was the daughter of James and Polly Brown. James Brown was a native of the New England States and when a boy removed to Kentucky with his parents. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and after his marriage moved to Clinton County, Ohio, where he and his wife con- tinued to reside up to the date of their demise. Mrs. Howard is now living in Stewartville. She subse- quently married William D. Totten, and with her husband is a member of the Christian Church. Elisha T. Howard, Jr., was a farmer, born in Clinton County, Ohio, Aug. 15, i8r5. In 1855 he sold his property there and came to Knox County, the same year with Mr. Woodmansee. He spent the winter with his family in Abingdon, and moved to his farm in DeKalb County, Mo., which is situated on the line of the Hannibal & St. Jo Railroad, and he engaged in agriculture and stock-raising. Stewartville, now quite a flourishing place, was laid out on a portion of his farm. He owned a large tract of land. In politics Mr. Howard was a Dem- ocrat. Mrs. Woodmansee has presided over her husband's home with grace and dignity, and has borne him four children, three of whom are living : S. Frances is !Jeir \ i^^ KNOX COUNTY. 493 the wife of John Scott ; they reside with her grand- parents and carry on the farm. Martha O. and Nellie May are the remaining children. Martha O. married William Kriegh ; they live in Orange Town- ship, following farming pursuits, and have two chil- dren — Charlie and Lelia May. Both Mr. and Mrs. Woodmansee are useful and respected members of the neighborhood in which they live, and are con- nected with the Methodist Church at Kno.wille, of which he has been for many years Steward and Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. W. lost one child, a son, by name Grafton H., wlio died at the age of a year and a half. Mr. W. has watched the advance of political inter- ests for some time, and cast his first vote for Fre • mont. He is a Republican and is a live man, both physically and mentally. He has for some time held the office of Assistant Supervisor, and has figured prominently in educational matters. He has held the position of Township Trustee 20 years. Mr. Woodmansee has been engaged in the breed- ing of Short- horn cattle about three years. A view of the family residence is given on another page. ^amuel Mather, from the early history of the county until his decease, was a respected and honored citizen of Knox County and a successful farmer of Orange Township. He resided on his fine farm on section 24, where he followed the independent calling of an agri- culturist, until the date of his demise. He was born on a day dear to the hearts of every American citizen on account of its being the anniversary of the birth of the "Father of his Country," Feb. 22, 1828. He was born in Maryland, and was the son of Samuel and Eliza (Wiley) Mather. He came with his par- ents to Illinois in 1834, and settled in Orange Town ship, they being among its earliest pioneers. Samuel Mather was married to Margaret Allen Jan. 4, 1849. She was the daughter of William and Nancy (Wilkins) Allen. Her father was a native of Indiana and her mother of Pennsylvania, and she was born in Jefferson County, Ind., in 1830. Samuel and Margaret Mather lived and labored with but one interest in common, and that the welfare of their fam- ily, until his demise, Aug. 9, 1875. His remains lie buried in the Mather Cemetery in Orange Township. His good wife still survives him, and together with her children carries on the farm on the old home- stead. Eight children were born of their union — Richard A., .April 6, 1850; Eliza J., a Christmas gift to her parents in 1853; Hester A., Dec. 11, 1854; Robert H., Nov. 3, 1856; Nancy E., Jan. 16, 1859; Mary, June 29, 1864, died Aug. lo, 1866; Francis was born Aug. 29, 1865, and John April 16, 1867. Richard A. married Miss Mary Norman, and resides in Norton County, Kan.; their children are named Daisy and Florence; by a former marriage with Mary Lown, deceased, there were two children, named Laura and Aminda Mather, who are staying with their grandmother. Eliza J. married James Dugger, a resident of Orange Township and a farmer; they have three children, named Samuel, Albert and Addie. Nancy E. married William Snell, a farmer in Persifer Township; they have three chil- dren — George, Jennie and Willie. Tlie widow of Samuel Mather owns 90 acres of good and productive land, all of it under an ad- vanced state of cultivation, with the exception of eight acres, which is young timber. She has a good frame dwelling on her place and a fine frame barn, and is carrying on her farming operations intelligently and prosperously. Religiously, Mrs. Mather is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as like- wise was her husband. In politics Mr. Mather was a Republican, and was held in great honor for his sterling worth and integrity. Four brothers of Samuel Mather — Joseph, Lewis, David and James — were soldiers in the late war. Joseph and Lewis died in the service; the first- named was a member of Co. D, 7th 111. Cav. •w\/U\.v\tJ2fij2/©^@*« ®i.a<3W»»»"v\/w liter H. Clark, the proprietor and editor of tlie Argus, which paper he purchased ,.,_ in 1882, is the subject of this personal i> notice (see sketch of the paper in the history of the county). Mr. Clark first opened his eyes uiron this world Feb. 19, 1846, in the vicinity of Abingdon. Here he grew from childhood to boyhood, and, entering Abingdon College, was ZLKl 4, i ' 494 JTNOX COUNTY. N^ there educated, taking a scientific course, graduating from that institution in 1866. Subsequently the hon- orary degree of B. A. was conferred upon him, and, having completed his studies in this college, he be- gan the study of law, gaining admission to the bar in 1873. Entering upon the practice of his profession at Abingdon, he has since continued, meeting with unquestioned success. He entered the nuptial state June 15, 1868, his companion in the venture being Miss Mary A. Adams, of Leavenworth, Kan. She is the daughter of John C. and Mary Adams, and was born in Franklin, Pa., in 1850. This union has been blessed by the birth of three children — Addie M., Lottie M. and Alice L., which completes their pleasant home circle. Mr. Clark is strongly interested in local politics as well as public affairs, and supports the Anti-Monopolist doctrines, as upheld by that party. rs. Elizabeth Byram. Two miles south and one mile west of the little city of Abingdon, and on section 7, Indian Point ■ \ Township, is situated the beautiful and well- known Hickory Grove Farm. This valuable farm consists of 429 acres and is surrounded on all sides, except the north, by beautiful groves of hickory timber. This is where Edward and Eliz- abeth (Campbell) Byram settled in 1850, and com- menced to prepare a suitable location for their future home. They went to work with a will, and by strict attention to their duties and earnest and ener- getic efforts they had soon accumulated a fair com- petency. Soon, however, a misfortune befell them in the falling health of Mr. Byram. After the first year he was not only unable to attend to the duties of the farm, but even to look after the business in a general way. His wife, however, cheerfully assisted him in their enterprises, and soon developed rare ability as a manager. On Oct. 7, 1858, Mr. Byram died, leav- ing six children and a devoted wife to mourn their loss. For the brief period he had lived in the com- munity, he had won the respect and esteem of all of those who knew him. He was born in Highland County, Ohio, on March 11, 18 19. He was the son of Edward and Rachel (Gibson) Byram. The fam- ily were old settlers in Virginia, and removed from there to Kentucky, where they were pioneers, and from there removed to Ohio, where they were also early settlers. They belonged to the pioneer race ot people. When Mr. Byram came West, in 1850, he pur- chased 300 acres of land on section 7, of Indian Point Township, where he made his home, and where his widow has continued to live until the present. The present improvements were made in 1857. After the death of Mr. Byram the entire duties of the management of the homestead and carrying on the business thus inaugurated by her husband fell upon Mrs. Byram. She proved amply able to cope with every undertaking, and has displayed excep- tionally rare ability as a lady of business. She has embarked in enterprises, and successfully carried them out, that would tax the business capacity of many of the shrewdest of far-seeing men. The re- sults of her labors since are the best evidence of her ability as well as the highest commendation of her as a lady and a mother. In 1863, Mrs. Byram pur- chased a small herd of Short-horn cattle in Kentucky. These were driven to her Hickory Grove Farm by her brother, who remained with her until his death, k^ some years afterward. For years she devoted con- siderable attention to stock-raising, meeting with un- usual success. Her name has become familiar among the circles of the leading stock-raisers of the country. Gettmg tired of the hard labor incident to carrying on such an extensive business as she had, and feel- ing that at last she had put in store a competency for her declining years, Mrs. Byram concluded to dispose of her thorough-bred stock. She therefore made sales in 1865, the last occurring in October. She at present has retired and rented her farm, and proposes to take the world easy the remainder of her days. Mrs. Elizabeth Byram was born in Bourbon Coun- ty, Ky., on what is called Old Cane Ridge, Sept. 27, 182 1. Her marriage with Mr. Byram occurred Feb. 22, 1843. Her parents were Lewis and Elizabeth (Wallace) Campbell. The former was born Oct. 27, 1790, and died in Kentucky of cholera, in 1849. Elizabeth Wallace, his wife, was born in 1799, and died May 17, 1885. They were married in r8i8, in Bourbon County, Ky. The Wallace family were originally from Virginia, and of Scotch ancestry. To them were born six children, one of whom died in in- fancy. William W. Campbell, a brother of Mrs. I t . — X- . XJVOX COUNTY. 495
WiUiam A. and Betsey (Knowles) Lee, na- il'^N tives of New York, and came to this State in 1846, settling at Galesburg. The subject of this notice lived with the old folks until 19 years of age, and received a good collegiate education as well as a thorough business training. In 1874 he settled on the place where he now is, having received 80 acres of land from his father. In 1882 he purchased an additional 80 adjoining his legacy, and in 1884 purchased r6o acres in Mercer County. The latter tract he rents, and is engaged in the cultivation and improvement of the 160 in Sparta Township. Mr. Lee formed a matrimonial alliance Sept. 9, 1880, with Miss Jannie Patterson, the intelligent and accomplislied daughter of William S. and Matilda (Miller) Patterson, natives of Ohio and Michigan re- spectively. Her parents came to this State previous to their marriage, that event occurring Sept. 30, 1834. Their family comprised four children — Ed- win W., Clara E., Jannie M. and Frederick .\. Mr. and Mrs. Lee have two children — Freddie P. and Bessie. Mr. Lee is a Republican in his political belief and never fails to cast his vote wiih that party when op- portunity affords. He and his wife attend the Con- gregational Church. She is an accomplished lady, having received her education at St. Mary's School, Knoxville. Mr. Lee is one of the young men of Sparta Township who in his chosen vocation as an agricult- urist is the peer of any in his community. 1 raneis Murdoch, Mayor of the city of Oneida, and junior member of the bank- '■' ing firm of Anderson & Murdoch, not only ,. lids a position of trust, but fills a post where- :jki^ m financial ability and commercial tact are in- { dispensable. This gentleman is the son of Thomas D. and Jenetie (Struthers) Murdoch, both of whom are natives of Ayrshire, Scotland. De- scended from a long line of Scottish ancestry the mother's maiden name, Struthers, has a history of its own. Her father was a farmer in Scotland down to the year 1852, at which date the family, including two sons and three daughters, arrived in this country. Francis was the eldest son. The parents having settled on a farm in Trumbull County, Ohio, occupied a respectable position among their neighbors in that section of the country. Subse- quently they removed to Knox County, 111., and in June, 1857, bought a farm in Sparta Township, where Mr. Murdoch's parents resided until a very few years ago, when the family removed to Oneida, where they have since lived in peaceful retirement. The father of our subject, now in his 76th year, is still an active adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and a man whose personal worth and character have i ■•^-4 — ^ I =^==4-> 498 KNOX COUNTY. won the open esteem of friends and the secret re- spect of foes. The mother, a noble woman among her kind, died at her home in this vicinity on Jan. 17, 1883, full of years, and lovingly enshrined in the hearts of friends and children. She was born Jan. 28, 1812, and was a Presbyterian by religious profes- sion. Not long after her death, which was crowned by a life of generous deeds, her beloved son James followed her into a better land, on the 23d of May, 1884, leaving one child, Thomas D. Murdoch, Jr. The remaining children of these parents in the order of their ages are Mary, a teacher in the public schools, which position she has held witli credit for many years; Jenette, the wife of D. R. Howey, at present a farmer in Decatur County, Kan., and Ag- nes, wife of J. C. Hurst, of Oneida. When his father first came to Knox County, Mr. Francis Murdoch was in his 15th year. At the age of 26 he made his first purchase of land, and assidu- ously engaged in farming, to which his time was given exclusively up to the date of his marriage, Feb. i, 187 I, when Miss Alta Wheeler, a native of Kno.x- ville, became his wife. She was the daughter of Alva and Jerusha Wheeler, tlie family name of her mother being Stevens, who with her husband num- bered among the earliest settlers of the county. In the year 1837 they settled at Knoxville, and in the building of the Court House in 1838, the family took a leading interest, the structure itself being the first of any consequence erected in the county. Mr. Wheeler was considered one of the most successful mechanics of his time. His death took place during the winter of 1874. Mrs. Wheeler still survives, and lives with a daughter in Texas. The first wife of Mr. Murdoch died at her home in Oneida, on the 20th of April, 1875. This lady was identified in many particulars, both socially and religiously, with this place. For many years she was a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church, and universally beloved for her many graces of character and up- right life. Mr. Murdoch was for a second time married in Oneida, June 20th, 1877, to Miss Mary Ellis, a daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Jacobus) Ellis, who were early settlers on the land adjoining Farm- ington. The father was an old Mississippi' River boatman, who after his marriage settled in Farming- ton, but in tlie winter of 1870-71 took up his resi- dence in Oneida, where he died in or about the yea^^ 1873, while still in possession of the old homestead. The present Mrs. Murdoch was born near Farming- ton, and educated partly in this place, but largely at Galesburg, 111., until the dale of her marriage. She is now the mother of three interesting children — Myrtle, Alta and Maude. ^ Mr. Murdoch continued to farm until tlie fall of 1873, when he decided to come to town and engage in private banking. He operated in this manner up to the date of his consolidation of interests with Mr. Anderson, which took place in June, 1877, since which date the partnership has continued with mu- tual profit to both gentlemen. Mr. Murdoch's first election to the Board of Alder- men of that city took place in 1880, whicli position he held for four years, when he was elected Mayor, a position which he still retains. He is the owner of a farm of 60 acres, well improved and lying within Sparta Township, and in proximity to the Ontario Township line, within which line Mrs. Murdoch is, in her own right, owner of 80 acres of well-improved ' land. The city property of Mr. M., besides that al ready named, consists of a good residence. Mr. and Mrs. M. are both attendants of the Pres- ** byterian Church. He is now, and likely long to re- main, an earnest advocate of Republicanism. He is a man of strong character, and ever ready to do and dare whatever duty devolves upon him. In business he is successful and possesses the confidence of those with whom he deals. Mr. Murdoch is a member of Oneida Lodge, No. 337, A. F. & A. M.; Oneida Chapter, R. A. M., No. 173 ; Galesburg Commandery K. T., No. 8, and Ori- ental Consistory, Chicago, 111. He is also a member of Oneida Lodge, No. 228, 1. O. O. F. oseph B. Armstrong. In the person of the above-named gentleman may be found one of the leading and most successful farmers of Knox County. He ranks high in his own county, and his home farm is situated on section 20, Ontario Township. On coming to this county, which he did in the spring of 1849, he settled in Sparta Township, under the guardianship of his parents, both English by birth, who left their hoine, emigrating to the United States in 1847. Joseph B. was born in Cumberland County, England M !^^^^ KNOX COUNTY. 499 Sept. 7, 1831, and his father was born in the same c»u.nty in the year 180S, and there grew to manhood, and was of English ancestry. He wedded Mary B. Bewese, in the year 1829; she was born in Cumber- land County, England, in December, 18 10. Nine children were the fruit of this family tree, of which Joseph was the eldest, and his brothers and sisters respectively as follows : Frances, wife of Ly- man \V. Lamphere, a farmer, is living in Missouri ; John C. first married Mary Heath, now deceased; his second marriage was with Jennie Davis; their home is in Jackson County, Kan., and he is also a farmer; Mary is deceased; Jennie, wife of Mandi- ville Neely, is living in Sparta Township on a farm ; Roger died in Kansas in the year i860; Thomas is deceased ; William is a merchant, resident of Teire Haute, Ind., a man of fine business ability and repute; and lastly, Kate, wife of Charles JcUiff, of Oneida. With the exception of two born in this countr)', the above-mentioned all claim sunny En- gland as their birthplace. Joseph was 15 years of age at the lime his parents came to the United States. He sought the Prairie State and settled on a farm in Sparta Township, which his father worked, and to which he added improvements, first 40 acres, and latterly to a second purchase of 80 acres. This property remains in the family. Its original owner, Joseph's sire, passed from this life at his home Oct. 19, I S74, just before attaining his 67th birthday. His widow, still surviving and aged 76, is a member of the Jelliff household, the home of her daughter Kate. The subject of this sketch remained at home work- ing the farm until his marriage with Elizabeth Brown, at her home, Feb. 23, 1854. Mrs. Armstrong was born in Henderson Tow^nship, Oct. 7, 1834. She was the daughter of Wilson and Julia (Smith) Brown, the former of Kentucky, who made the acquaintance of Julia Smith, which terminated eventually in mar- riage. Mr. Brown and his bride took up their abode in Kno.\ County, settling at a point known as Hen- derson Grove. Here they purchased land consisting of timber and prairie, almost wholly uncultivated and unimproved. By their hearty and united efforts they succeeded, beyond their most sanguine hopes, in founding a home. The farm soon exhibited the effect of their labor, and " blossomed as the rose," proving both comfortable and beautiful, as the result of their unremitting toil, and bounteously enriching their stores. Among other valuable additions to his homestead was the first orchard in the county, which grew and flourished remarkably. Bringing the seeds from Indiana, from which he raised his young trees, he transplanted these, and claimed as his own enter- prise what afterward proved a profitable source of income, resulting from the bountiful bearing of the trees. While Mrs. .Armstrong was yet a young girl, her mother was snatched away by death, leaving six orphaned children, of which family Elizabeth was the fourth in order of birth. The children who have sprung up about the family hearthstone of Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong are five in number, named James L., who lives at home, the help and comfort of the parents' declining years ; he was born Nov. 29, 1855 ; associated with his father, he works the home place, and is his constant com- panion. George W., born May 20, 1862, is also a home boy. Lillian O., l)orn Oct. 16, 1867, educated in Knox College, of Galesburg, is a bright, intelligent young lady, occupying a wide sphere of usefulness as a public school teacher. Kate E., her next younger sister, opened her eyes on things of earth Aug. 27,' 1868; she is a finely educated and jwpular girl, and claims Knox College as her Alma Mater 'j also. Edwin R. is the youngest, having been born ' Oct. 21, 1872. All are most agreeable young people and helpful members of the social circle in the home neighborhood. The family worships under Congre- gational articles of faith. Mr. Armstrong, as will be seen, from a minute be- ginning branched out boldly and largely on every hand from his main enterprise, and his little home- stead, so humbly commenced in the year 1859, now includes '200 acres, finely located and well improved. Upon them is erected a handsome and commodious house, while the barns and adjoining out-buildings are models of taste and convenience. ^ ^-^ ^ Ikharles Markham. Among the principal men of Knox County who are engaged in agricultural pursuits, and one of the most energetic and persevering of her citizens, may be found the subject of this sketch, the main points in whose hfe history are given. Mr. Markham came to Knox County in 1839, at which tiine he was a child of six years, and since that time has passed the intervening years in Henderson 4-" 500 ^iVC^ COUNTY. Township.- He resides on a farm situated on section 13, and has all his life engaged in farming pursuits and the raising of stock. At the present time Ire is the owner of 380 acres of land, 60 of which are tim- ber, and to this he has added many modern improve- ments and cultivated the soil until he now posseses a desirable and good home. Mr. Markliam was born in La Porte County, Ind., April I, 1833. His early education was received in the public schools, and he gave sufficient attention to his studies, so that he is to-day above the average in the possession of general information. He is quite an inveterate reader, and has a good idea of outside af- fairs. He is a Republican in politics, and pins his faith to tliat party. Religiously he is an honest and worthy member of the Christian Cnurch. The parents of our subject were Horace and Es- ther (Lake) Markham, natives of Vermont and Ken- tucky respectively. They came to Knox County in 1839, and settled in Henderson Township, and there ' continued to reside until released by death from this world of care and weariness. The father was buried in that section of country, his death occurring May I 7. 1875, and the mother lies beside him. "iX »«^ lyron S. West, one of the well-known pio- }j? neers and highly respected and successful ^ 0^^ farmers of this county, residing in Oneida, ''l»'^ was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., Nov. 10, 1829. The parents of Mr. West, Nehemiah and Catharine (Neely) West, were also na- tives of New York. They were early settlers in this county, and Nehemiah was one of five who laid out the present site of the city of Galesburg, a colony haying been formed at Whitestown, Oneida Co., N. Y., for that purpose. He. with his family, continued to reside at Galesburg until 1847, at which time his demise occurred. He came to this county in 1836, when the hand of civilization was hardly visible, but he had great faith in the future development of the country, and daring the x i years he was a resident of the county witnessed a most wonderful change. His wife survived him until r88i, when she died at her home in Galesburg. She was born in the year 1800, as likewise was her husband. Byron S. West, of whom we write, was but a child when his parents came to this county, and here he has lived until the present time. He continued to reside at home, attending the common schools and assisting his father in the labors of the farm, until his father's death. He was the eldest son of his par- ems' family and at the demise of his father was 17 years of age. At this age in life the responsibility of conducting the old homestead devolved upon him, which he did with no small degree of success for some years prior to operating on his owr account. His first adventure in business for himself was in the formation of a partnership for the purpose of platting a village, to which they gave the name Oneida, from Oneida County, N. Y., where most of the settlers formerly lived, the firm style of which was Camp & West. Before the present site of Oneida City was laid out, and before a furrow had been turned upon the uncultivated prairies surrounding that locality, and just after the railroad survey had been made, the firm of Camp & West was formed. They pur- chased 480 acres of land, which embraced the west half of section 36 and r6o acres of the east half of section 35, and immediately platted the city of Oneida, the date being July 25, 1855, and which was located on the land described. Subsequently the plat was enlarged, until it at present embraces about one square mile. In the fall of X854, Camp & West built a hotel at Oneida, which, up to the present time, is the largest frame building in the city. They after- ward engaged in the grain and lumber business at that place, which they continued to follow, with signal success, for iS months, and during the same time ran their hotel under the management of Mr. Camp. After Mr. West disengaged himself from the grain and lumber trade, he turned his attention to agricult- ure, and has since been occupied in that vocation. He has a line farm of 160 acres of good land under an advanced state of cultivation, and all lying within the city limits of Oneida. His residence is located on the corner of Pine and Knox streets, which is one of the most desirable in the city. Mr. West was united in marriage with Miss Mary Russell, Sept. X9, X855, at Galesburg. She was born near Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio, Oct. 31, 1834. Her parents, S. S. and Ellen (Bowen) Russell, were natives of Ohio and Baltimore, Md., respectively, and of English and Irish descent. Her father was a merchant, and her grandfather on her mother's side, who was also a native of Maryland, was a captain in t OF THE L'lVERSITY OF ILLH*' t I 1^4^777^ gtJO:>o &^n-rrtd. LIBRARY OF THE t.;iVERSlTY OF JLUHC'.I .Y. KNOX COUNTY. ^-1- SOS the War of 1812. Mrs. West came to this State with her parents when 17 years old, and located with them in this county. Her father is at present residing in Oneida, where he is engaged in the grocery business. (See sketch.) Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. West six children were born, five of whom are living. The children have all received a good education and are accom- plished and moderately well-to-do in life. Two are married — Fred and Ellen. Fred married Ellen West (no relation), and at present is in the employ of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., with which he has been for the past four years. Ellen became the wife of Henry J. Kapius, who is at present residing at Marengo, McHenry County, this State, where he is engaged as foreman in a tinshop. Katie and Grace are liighly accomplished and intelligent young ladies, and reside with their parents at Oneida ; also Sarah, who is the younger, born May 21, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. West, together with their three old- est children, are members of the Congregational Church. With the exception of three years, Mr. West has held the office of Assessor of Ontario Town- ?ship since 1856. In politics he is a Republican. He has done much for the city of Oneida and the agri- cultural advancement of Ontario Township, and is truly one of the representative citizens of that town- ship as well as of Knox County. r"^ pon. Henry Arms, one of the most widely ^pKj and favorably known citizens of Knox County, formerly a farmer, but now living in retirement at Knoxville, is a native of Conway, Franklin County, Mass., where he was born Jan. 29, 1808. His father, Henry Arms, was born in Deerfield, Mass., July i, 1769. The grand- father of our subject was Consider Arms, a descend- ant of William Arms, of English extraction. The elder Arms, of England, was a direct ancestor of Hon. Sir Henry, the living representative of the line, being of the fourth generation. The grandfather of Henry was one of the earliest settlers in the town of Conway. As a matter of interest and deserving of notice we extract the following from an address de- livered by Rev. Chas. B. Rice, at the celebration 'A of the centennial of the organization of the town, June 19, 1867: "At the first town meeting, held Aug. 24, 1767, a list of the first officers is given, in which it is shown that Consider Arms was elected a member of the first Board of Selectmen and Assess- ors, and was also ai)pointed Town Treasurer. He was chosen Moderator and elected Town Clerk at the same meeting. As a chosen representative for the township, he, in the Colonial Legislature, represented the true interests of the electors." He was mainly a land-iiolder and devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits. His remains .ire at rest in the village cem- etery. Mr. Arms' father grew to manhood in his native town, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits up to the date of his death, May 17, 1848. The maiden name of his wife was Experience Gates, who was born in the town of Conway, in April, 1775, and was also of English descent. Twelve children were the result of this union. The death of the mother took place Dec. 30, 1844. Henry, the subject of this sketch, was the fifth child and remained with his parents until his 17th year, when he was apprenticed to the tanning arid shoemaking trade, working at the !• former in the warmer months, and at shoemaking during the winter, at his shoj), which was situated in the town of Colerain. In this combined business he served a four years' apprenticeship and then pursued journeyman work up to 1831, when he went to North Carolina and engaged in peddling dry goods in Lincoln County until 1839, the time of his arrival in Knox- ville, when he commenced in trade here, and contin- ued the same up to the winter of 1845, when he sold out. In 1843 Henry Arms was elected County Treas- urer, in which office he continued three years, his duty being also to assess the county. In 1846 he was induced by his friends to resign this office and become the Whig candidate for Sheriff, to which of- fice he was elected and re-elected in 1848. In 1850 he was elected to represent Knox County in the lower house of the State Legislature. Since that time he has served as Mayor of Knoxville, and is one of the leading Aldermen. Since the organization of the County Agricultural Board he has taken an active part in all of its deliberations, and has been Presi- dent of that Board, a post which he most creditably held. He was formerly of the Whig school of poli- tics, but became a Republican at the organization of 4; So6 KNOX COUNTY. that party, the principles of which he strenuously ad- heres to at the present day. In June, 1839, Mr. Arms was united in marriage with Lucy Hamilton, of Conway, Franklin Co., Mass., where she was born July 24, 1817. By this union there were three children — Spencer D., born April 4, 1840, and dying in October of the same year; Martha H., born Aug. 18, 1843, and the wife of Albert B. Mann, living in Woodson County, Kan.; Henry W., born Oct. 3, 1850, resides in Knoxville. Mrs. Arms died Sept. 14, 1884. She was a most estimable lady, rarely gifted, and was a true and devoted wife and an affectionate mother. Mr. Arms has been a resident of this city since 1839, and is the owner of a farm in Galesburg Town- ship, including the southwest quarter of section 24. He purchased this when in its primitive state, and has personally superintended all the improve- ments since made. At present he rents the farm and holds an interest in the slock. He is a gentle- man of genial temperament and good practical judg- ment, who includes among his acquaintances many substantial friends. The portraits of Mr. Arms and his late wife appear elsewhere in this work, and we trust will be viewed with pleasure by the old pioneers yet remaining who shared with the subject of this sketch the vicissi- tudes incident to the early settlement of the Prairie State. fe. K. Beale, one of the progressive and in- fluential farmers of Knox County, whose home is on section 29, Salem Township, is the subject of this biography. He is success- ful in his chosen field of labor, and is widely known and highly respected for his sterling His mechanical ability is marked, as is shown by his neat residence, which, with its surround- ings, has been finished by his own hand. Our subject was born in Juniata County, Pa., Jan. 8, r835. His father, George Beale, was a native of Pennsylvania, and born in 1799. He was by occu- pation a farmer in the county where our subject was born. There he lived until 1837, when he went to Ohio, and, purchasing a farm, located in Wayne County. There he lived until 1844, at which time he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Peoria County. The worth. journey was made overland with five horses and two wagons, and they brought with them the household goods. Cooking and camping by the way, they sub- sequently reached the point of destination, Trivoli, where the husband and father purchased land. On this was erected a log cabin, and the land was broken and fenced. There the family lived four years in this primitive structure, after which the father erected a frame house and barn and otherwise improved the place. There he made his home up to the date of his death, which occurred Feb. 20, 1881. The maiden name of his wife was Catherine Kerr. She was born in Pennsylvania, and departed this life about 1 85 1. There were 13 children born to this union, eight of whom grew to man and womanhood. Our subject was the eighth child in order of birth, and was but one and one-half years of age when his parents came to Oliio. There he grew to manhood, reared on the farm until he attained the age of 16 years. At that age he commenced to learn the black- smith's trade at Smithville, Ohio, serving there about two years. He left this branch of business in 1853, to accompany his parents to Illinois, and on his ar- rival engaged at journeyman work in Eugene, Knox County. From there he went to Farmington, where he labored one and one-half years, after which he went back to Ohio, opening a shop at Cedar Valley. He was married one year later in Wayne County, Ohio, March 2r, 1861, to Catherine Flory, who was born in Wayne County, Ohio. Purchasing a house and lot in Lattisburg, Ohio, he opened a shop for himself and worked at his trade for the space of four years. He then sold out and bought a shop two miles from the town, in which he continued in the same business until 1872, in which year he returned to Illinois. Locating at Farmington, he remained until September of that year and then bought 25 acres of land on section 29, Salem Township, and be- came a resident of Knox County. Here he conducted his business until 1881, when, having purchased other land, he concluded to abandon his trade en- tirely, and devote his time to farming. In i88r his house was burned, but he immediately built the house which he now occupies, and otherwise has been well prospered. He is successful in the raising of stock and grain. Mr. and Mrs. Beale had eight children — Mary D., Curtis P., Minerva, Jennetta, Nancy E., William Mc- Coy, Freddie, Jessie and Myrtle. In politics Mr. B. tjr 4 KNOX COUNTY. 507 \ is Democratic, stanch and strong. He is pleasantly situated, and his social relations are of the most agreeable charaeter. He has shown that " patience and perseverance, in time, accomplish much." an Bensselaer Smith. Among the citizens of noteworthy repute and substantial worth of character stands the subject of this brief personal history, whom we take pleasure in cit- ing as an example of worthy industr)' and earnest labor. His home is situated on section 10, in Maquon Township. His barns, out-buildings and other improvements are as convenient and well-fin- ished as any in the county. His residence is neat and handsome, and his farm consists of 130 acres. In April, 1836, he came from Fulton County, 111., to Knox County, locating in Chestnut Township, where he resided for about eight years. After dis- posing of his land in that township he returned to Fulton County and rented a farm and continued on the same for a period of five years. Subsequently he came to Salem Township, Knox County, and for two years was the renter of a farm. His first purchase here consisted of 86 acres, located on section 10, Maquon Township, his present fine farm. By sub- sequent purchase he has added to his landed interest until he is now the owner of 130 acres of improved land, the major portion of which is tillable. He of whom we write was born in Windham County, Vt., Nov. 18, 1806. When our subject was only six years old his parents moved to Cortland County, N. Y. There he remained until he had at- tained the age of maturity when he went to try his fortune in the Keystone State, remaining there for seven years, and six years later came to Fulton Count)-, in this State, and seven years later to Knox. While residing in New York he learned the trades of tanner, currier and shoemaker, but on his arrival in the Prairie State he has followed the honorable and peaceful calling of farming. Mr. Van Rens- selaer Smith was united in marriage in Susquehanna Count)', Pa.; this event being solemnized Feb. 13, 1831, the lady of his choice being Miss .Angeline Catlin. Miss C. was born in the county and State in which she was married, Jan. 3, 1812. The issue of this marriage has been the birth of 11 children, six of whom are living, viz. : Mary, De Witt, Albert, Louisa, Erastus and Charlie. The deceased children all died young, with the exception of one, Dora, who was the wife of Michael Moorehead ; she became the mother of five children. Mary Smith be- came the wife of Henry Humphreys, a resident of Topeka, Kan.; Albert Smith took to wife Lottie Hill, and Maquon Township is their present home ; Louisa is the devoted wife of Thomas F. Lowman, they also reside in Maquon Township; Erastus is also a resi- dent of that township; Charles became the husband "of Lesta Day and they reside in Maquon Township. The parents of Mr. Smith of this sketch were James and Elizabeth (Jacobs) Smith, natives of the Green Mountain State, and of Dutch and English ancestry. The death of the mother took place in New York State, while the father died in Knox County. The parents of Mrs. Smith were Erastus and Polly (Wright) Cadin, natives of the Nutmeg State. Polit- ically -Mr. S. affiliates with the Republican party. — ^v o*o-(c5>»^^@-o*o. <,— jtoseph Shearer, deceased, was one of the re^pected and honored citizens of this ""•" county and a well-to-do and successful , merchant of Maquon. He was born in Arm- strong County, Pa., Jan. 20, i84t. From Armstrong County, Pa., he removed to Ohio, and from there to this county in i860, and made a settlement in Haw Creek Township, where he Uved until 1867. He then moved to Maquon Township and the village of that name, and there formed a partnership with his brother Gabriel, under the firm name of Shearer Bros. Soon, however, Mr. Shearer of this notice bought out his brother's interest and carried on the business until his death, which oc- curred Aug. 31, 1883. Mr. Shearer was married in Haw Creek Town- ship, March 13, 1863, to Lucinda J., daughter of Henry and Jane C. (Guthrie) Johnson, of Welsh and German ancestr)- respectively. Her parents had two children — Lucinda J. and Henry. Lucinda J. is the only one who survives of her parents' children, and was born in Williams County, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1846, and was 15 years of age when she came with her par- ents to this county. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Shearer has been blest fr Jyl ^: -— ^ 508 KNOX COUNTY. by the birth of five children — Clara M., Jennie B., Essie A., Cora V. and Henry M. Clara is the wife of S. C. Dennis, who resides in Maquon and has borne him one child — Edward J. ; Essie Shearer mar- ried Decatur Rambo, a resident of Orange Township, where he is engaged in the calling of a farmer. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Shearer car- ries on the business which he left at Maquon. It is that of general hardware and merchandise, and by strict attention to business and fair and honest deal- ing with her patrons Mrs. S. is losing none of the trade which her husband established. He was a member of the 1. O. O. F. In politics he voted with the Republican party. |^\ eorge W. Simpklns. Among the respected citizens and well-to-do farmers of this county, who have made what they have of this world's goods, not having been the recipi- ents of any legacy, is the subject of this bio- graphical notice. The parents of Mr. Simpkins were Horatio and Mary (Rice) Simpkins, natives of Pennsylvania. In that State the parents were mar- ried and lived until 1836, when they came to this county and settled on Spoon River, three miles east of Maquon village, and there the father followed farming for a number of years, and then removed to Salem Township, wliere the demise of both parents occurred. They had 11 children,. who grew to the age of man and womanhood, and whose names are Margaret, Noah, Rachel, John, Hiram, William, Elizabetli, George W., Horatio, Jesse and Anna M. George W. Simpkins was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 17, 1831, and was about five years of age when his parents emigrated to this county, where he has lived ever since, with the exception of one year spent in Iowa, and one year in Ford County, this State. He is engaged in agriculture, in which he has met with far more than ordinary success. He is at the pres- ent writing the proprietor of 317 acres of ground, the major portion of which is in a good tillable con- dition. Mr. Simpkins was married in Haw Creek Town ship, April 7, 1849, to Mary McCoy, daughter of David and Anna (Donaldson) McCoy. Her parents came to this county in the spring of 1806 and made settle- ment in Maquon Township. They afterward re- moved to Haw Creek Township, and thence to Iowa, where her father died. The mother returned to this county and died in Maquon village. Of their union II children were born — -Richard, Allen, Margaret, .Andrew, Mary, Francis, Lewis, David, Marion and Betsy, and one who died in infancy. Mrs. Simpkins was born in Virginia, May 22, 1824, and is the mother of four children — Andrew, Anna, Nathan and Will- iam H. Andrew married Lydia Thiel, and is a farmer in Maquon Township; they have six children — George W., Frederick, Clara, Henry, Lovina and Gertie; Anna married David Baroni, and resides in Chestnut Township ; they have two children — Nathan and Fredrick; Nathan married Mary J. Winchell, by whom he has three children — Susan, Blanche and Charlie C; William H. Simpkins married Jessie Simp- son, and is a resident of Chestnut Township, and they have one child — Clarence. Mr. Geo. W. Simpkins has been School Director in his township, and in politics votes with the Dem- ' ocratic party. W. Hulse, residing on section 5, in Sparta Townsliip, will be found the subject of this ft's.\a-\ historical notice, who may be well consid- f Vwf ered one of the most substantial men of Knox County. In native worth and ability he has no superior, and his success in his chosen field of labor redounds to his credit. He came to Illinois in 1862 and settled on the homestead he now occupies, purchasing, as a foundation for his future home, 80 acres. He has since added 30 acres, do- ing general farming and improving and cultivating his farm, which he values at ^75 per acre. His la- bors have been blest and profuse benefits have been his portion as a result of his exertions. Mr. Hulse was born in Orange County, N. Y., Jan. 55, 1826, and his parents, Benjamin F. and Clarissa (Wade) Hulse, were natives of that county. They lived on a dairy farm which they owned in that State, and conducted both branches of the business, to their mutual profit. The father died in 1870, passing from earth to the great Beyond, from the farm where he first saw the light of day; his wife had preceded him to the land of the hereafter in 1841. '^'" 1^ KNOX COUNTY. 509 They had a family of 1 2 children, ten of whom still live. The gentleman of whom we write was the fifth child in order of birth, and reached bachelorhood be- fore lea%-ing the parental roof, being 33 years of age. He received a common-school education, and on leaving home rented a farm for two years. In 1862 he came to Illinois and settled on the place he now owns. Here he began the pursuits in which he has since engaged with such gratifying success. The marriage of Mr. Hulse with Mary E. Brooks took place in January, 1859. She was bom Sept. 22, 1836, and was the daughter of Oscar Y. and Mary E. (Mapes) Brooks, who had a family of ten children, three of whom are still living. The father died in 1872 and the mother in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Hulse have si.x children, all living, as follows : Ab- bie L., Mary A., now Mrs. John Kelley ; Hattie A., Susie S., John D. and Richard W. Mr. Hulse takes a place in the foremost rank of busy workers in the county, is a Republican in politics and may, indeed, be said to be " diligent in business, fervent in spirit, ser\'ing the Lx)rd," and, with his wife and three children, is a consistent member of the Congrega- tional Church of Ontario, and one of its stanchest supporters. "7-^ €S- William H. Beeson, member of the firm of Beeson .Sc Son, manufacturers of brick and ^^-^ tile at Yates City, was born in Highland ^r County, Ohio, Oct. 28, 1834. His father, Henry Beeson, was a native of the same county, while his grandfather, also Henrj- Bee- son by name, was originally from North Caro- lina. He was one of the pioneers of Highland County, Ohio, and was by occupation a farmer, spending the last years of his life in the county whose growth he had so attentively watched. Henry Beeson, father of Wm. H., was married in Highland County to Elizabeth Beeson, a native of that county. He had learned the trade of millwright in his younger days, and after marriage bought a grist and saw mill in Highland County, continuing in the business until 1836, when he emigrated to Illinois, and settled on the north line of Fulton County. This was wild land, and upon it he erected a saw-mill, the first in that section of the coun'ry. There he lived, operating his business for four or five years. Then, selling out, he bought a farm near Fairview, and en- gaged in agricultural pursuits the remainder of his days, which terminated in 1847. His wife survived him for several years, and took a keen interest in the advancement of their children, of whom there were four, our subject being the eldest. William H. Beeson was but 13 years of age when his father died, but was extremely self-dependent and brave, and starting out from his home he com- menced to earn his own living. His first work was a two months' situation, during which time he drove a team, breaking prairie land, and only received $5, which he was cora|>elled to take out in merchandise from the store. After that he sought and accepted such employment as seemed to pay best, usually farming, bnt occasionally working in a brickyard. In 1855 he commenced in business for himself by open- ing a brickyard at Uniontown, in which he continued for two seasons. He was next engaged in farming, remaining in that pursuit until 1862, when, fired with the spirit that took the noblest and most cour- ageous men from their homes, he enlisted under the - banner of his country Aug. 10 of that year. He was 1 mustered into Co. G, 83d III. Vol. Inf., joined the regiment at Monmouth, went South and there united J with the .Army of the Cumberland. He served until the close of the war, one of the best and most uncom- plaining and worthy soldiers in the Union army, and did garrisron duty at Clarksville and Nashville, Tenn., for some months during the last year of his service. He was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., with the regiment, and went to Yates City, III., beating with him the full consciousness of duty done. Soon after his arrival he returned to his old employment of brickmaking, at which he continued for one year. His next move was to Macjuon, where he opened a vard on his own account and received a hearty and united patronage up to the year 1875, at which time he added lilemaking to his business. In 1882 he came to Yates City and established himself, and is now one of its most prosperous business men. Of the children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Beeson, Hamrick lives in Seward, Xeb., .Alfred died in infan- cy, and the two remaining are Porter and Pearl. Por- ter is associated with his father in business, and was born Jan. 18, 1862. He was married Jan. 18, 1883, to Miss Elizabeth Meeks, daughter of Joseph and ^lkl a^ 510 XJVOX COUNTY. Minerva Meeks. To them has been born one child, named Edward P. Beeson. Politically they are Re- publicans. !,harles Carlton is one of the prominent citizens and active merchants of Oneida, dealing in groceries, etc. He came to Onei- 1^ da in 1867, and first engaged witli J. B. ^^ Conyers, now deceased, as his bank cashier and manager of his mercantile establishment) then at this place. He was in the employ of Mr. C. till 187 I, when he established a grocery store, which he still carries on. One year of this period, 1873, he acted as bookkeeper and cashier for Mr. J. N. Con- ger, who was the owner of the bank at this place, and extensively engaged in cattle-buying, etc.; otherwise he has devoted his whole time to his present bus- iness. He was born in London, England, May n, 1842, and was the only child of Charles Carlton ; the maid- en name of his mother being Shekle, the latter dying X when her son was only five years old. Both parents were natives of England and of pure English blood. The father kept a public house known as " Duke of Wellington " tavern, located near the " Government Building," which proved to be a very profitable bus- iness, and enriched the family. The father died in August, 1863, at the age of 67 years. His father sent Charles at the age of six years to France to be educated in the schools of Guyenne, where he acquired a fine education in the French language, returning to London in 1856, taking up his residence with an uncle, James Jackson. He kept the " Hyde Park Hotel " and acted as clerk for a commission mer- chant named John Newton, a dealer in fine Prussian wines, staying with him ten months, when he became keeper of the policy-books for the Mitre Life Insur- ance Company for one year. In November, 1858, he sailed for the United States, landing in Portland, Me., in the same month, ^oing thence to Toronto, Canada, and afterward to Chicago. In February, 1859, he went to Loda, Iro- quois Co., 111. At that place he enlisted in the Union Aimy, believing it to be his duty to assist in pre- serving the government of his adopted country, en- listing July 30, 1861, in Co. G, 42d 111. Vol. Inf.^ Capt. W. H. Booner, of the Cumberland Army, un- der Gen. Sherman. He was soon after made Ser- geant Major of the regiment, just before the battle of Chickamauga, in 1863; afterward he became First Lieutenant of his own company, " G,"' and held the position until 1866, when he was honorably dis- charged, together with his regiment, at Port Lavaca, Texas, in January of that year. During his military service he participated in the battles of Farmington, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mount- ain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and the sanguinary battles of Franklin and Nashville. Brave- ly sharing all the dangers and perils of these con- flicts, he passed through them all unscathed, and, except the freezing of a limb while on picket in 1861, and the usual hardships of the war, escaped unhurt. Receiving his discharge at Port Lavaca, he went to Chicago and engaged one year as clerk for Mr. J. M. Loomis, a hat dealer on Clark street, from whence he came to Oneida, and was engaged as above nar- rated. In 1868, feeling a natural desire to revisit the scenes of his youth, and other places, he made a tour of Europe, visiting France, Germany, Switzer- land and Old England, leaving America in June and returning in the fall of the same year. Reverting to his early history again, he was mar- ried Aug. 2, 1869, in Oneida, to Miss Josephine L. Bowers, who was born at Quincy, 111., in May, 1847, where she was raised and educated, being the daugh- ter of I. L. Bowers. Her father was a most accom- plished musician, his skill and taste in which fine art he seems to have transmitted to the daughter, of whom it is said that she is one of the most accom- plished in instrumental music in Knox County, or in the city of Oneida. Her father died in New Orleans in 1872. This happy family is blessed not only by the accomplished wife and cultured husband, but also by two charming daughters, whose presence and goodness brighten still more the refined home. Miss Helen, the eldest, was born July 16, 1870, and Miss Katie, November 24, 1 871, and both, in addi- tion to the splendid home culture bestowed by the cultivated mother, have been well educated in the public schools of Oneida, and, as might well be ex- pected, are favorites in society, which they adorn. Mrs. C. has been a teacher of music, is organist for the Congregational Church of this place, although herself a member of the Episcopal Society, her hus- band holding a membership in the former society, of J "T^ V which he is clerk. He also holds the office of Justice of the Peace and is Notary Public ; in politics he is a Horace Greeley Democrat, not believing in party servitude, but in choosing and supporting principles which commend themselves to his judgment as best calculated to promote the welfare of the country and of the people. Yet in the very prime of his manhood, very few men have led a more eventful life, passed through more dangers, or had a move varied e.xperience in life than Mr. Carlton. Left without the tender care of a mother at an early age ; passing the years of his boyhood among strangers in a foreign land; meeting for years the dangers and privations of war, exposed to all the trying temptations of great cities and of business, through all vicissitudes he maintained his integrity and his honor, whether a student, merchant, soldier or citizen, and in his mature years is found always at the post of duty, a blessing to his family, a Christian and a most useful member of the com- munity. That a larger sphere of usefulness awaits him there can be no doubt. ,,>, o*o-@JA><^@-o4o.. lett, who died in Peoria County, March 25, 1S52. Mrs. Henderson was the second in order of birth of a family of 1 1 children, viz. : Amanda F., Margaret J., Evan, Mary, William C, Nancy, John T., Har- riet A., George W., James I., Jacob R. Two are now deceased. All the boys, except William, were sol- diers in the Civil War ; all were honorablydischarged. George was taken prisoner at Lexington, Mo., by Gen. Price's command ; he was paroled and returned home, remained two montlis and again went into the service. By her former marriage, Mrs. Henderson had two children — Henry T. and Francis. Henry died in his ninth year ; and Francis still resides in Hen- derson Township. Mr and Mrs. H. are the parents of eight children — Nancy A.. Mary J., Jacob H., Nel- lie S., Peter D., Thomas, Harriet A. and David A The latter of these is now deceased ; Nancy A. is the wife of James VV. McMurtry and resides in Peoria, where they have a family of two children — Nellie S. and Maud; Mr. McMurtry is in the revenue ser- vice; Mary J. is the wife of William Adcock andi I -64 +4 5i8 KNOX COUNTY. resides in Warren County ; they have also two chil- dren — Edmund D. and Mary S. ; Jacob H. resides in Kansas ; Nellie S. is the wife of Odean E. Put- nam and resides in Clay County, Neb., she has one child — Claude H. ; Peter D. resides in Henderson Township, and married Miss Mary Barnett; Thomas lives in Colorado. Mr. Henderson has most ably filled the office of Supervisor and Assessor of his township. Among the A. F. & A. M. he is a member in e.xcellent stand- ing, and thought highly of at his Lodge, Hiram, No. 26. The family are members of the Alethodist Episcopal Church, in which community they are always ready to render any service calculated to ben- efit the institution. He has always allied himself with the Democrats in politics. He was a stanch Union man during the Civil War. ^^flj Brainard, the present efficient Postmaster, '^ l^g^ a practical agriculturist, and one of the ^ 1^^^ oldest and most highly esteemed citizens 1^]^ of Oneida, is the subject of this biographical ^r sketch. Mr. Brainard came to Knox County ^* in i860, and, locating on a farm of 80 acres, be- gan the work of cultivating and improving it. Feel- ing a keen interest in agricultural pursuits, he attempted some few experiments, and, meeting with success, continued his labor till November, 1884, when he moved into Oneida, having lost his house by fire. He at one time was quite prominent as a fine-stock raiser, consisting of Short-horn cattle and Poland-China hogs. He had worked the farm faith- fully, and the result of his labors were plainly visible. He still owns this property as well as a residence in Oneida. Mr. Brainard was born in Oneida County, N. Y., March 17, 1822. His father, also named Jephtha, and his grandfather were both born in the State of Connecticut, and were of purely New England origin and birth. The history of this family is an extended one, and the ancestors are largely of English stock. The father of our subject was a farmer, who, when 14 years of age, went from the State of Connecticut into what is now known as Whitestown, Oneida Co., N. Y. His father numbered one of the first settlers of that place, which was then a Uttle settlement, sparsely populated and barely deserving the title of village. After Jephtha's father was married in Oneida County, N. Y., the grandfather having died on the farm on which he settled, he moved onto a farm in Western Township, Oneida County, where he died nearly 30 years ago. Mrs. Brainard, the mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Catherine Comstock, departed this life at the same place some few years after the death of her husband. To them had been born seven chil- dren, who had grown to man and womanhood, our subject being the youngest of the number. Mr. B. of this notice passed the earlier years of his life in the county of his birth, and was educated in Rome Academy and at Clinton, the same county. He was married in Western Township, in the year 1854, to Miss Sarah A. Van Wagenen, whose ancestry was German on one side. She was born on a farm to parents who passed their entire lives in this town- ship. The mother passed from life some years since, and the father, yet living, has reached the advanced ' age of 80 years. Mrs. Brainard is the mother of four children — J Herbert, married and residing on a farm in Madison ^ County, Iowa ; Lois K.; C. Comstock, married, and who, having lost his wife by death, resides at home, and Wealthy. In politics Mr. Brainard is a stanch Democrat, is wide-awake and active in public affairs, and received his appointment to the post-office in August, 1S85. aniel Schwartz, a farmer on section 2, Ce- dar Township, was born in Franklin County, Pa., Oct. 26, 1819. He is the son of Daniel and Catharine (Etter) Schwartz, both parents being natives of Pennsylvania. There were seven children born to the union — Chris- topher, Mary, Susan, Catharine, John and Daniel, the latter being the subject of whom we now speaL He is the youngest of his father's family now li\ing, and on Oct. 5, 1843, married Miss Elizabeth Williamson, in Knox County, 111. She was born Jan. 12, 1825, in the Stale of Indiana; her fatlier's name was Thomas and her mother's Elizabeth Williamson, both of whom are now dead. Their children were John, William T., James, Eli, Francis, Robert, Rachel, PoUie, Sarah, Elizabeth and Virginia. On May 7, 1874, Mrs. -X -<• KNOX COUNTY. 52' Schwartz died, and now lies at rest at Knoxville, 111. By her marriage there are eight children, living — Mary, born Nov. 5, 1845 ; John VV., Sarah, Kllen, Edwin, Francis, Thomas J. and Albert. John, Ellen, Edwin, Francis and Thomas W. are married. John married Miss Nancy Boatman and lives in Page County, Iowa ; Ellon married Mr. Joseph Chester, and lives in Fremont County, Iowa; Edwin married Miss Alice Reardon, and now resides in Knoxville ; and Francis married Miss Ellen Goligar, and also lives in Knoxville; Mr. Wm. T. married Miss Em- ma Willits, Jan. 23, 1886. Altogether Mr. Schwartz has 12 grandchildren of varying ages. Mrs. Schwartz was born Aug. 9, 1859, in Highland County, Ohio, but arrived in Illinois in 1883. During the Re- bellion her father was taken prisoner and confined in Anderson ville prison, where he died in July, 1864, his confinement lasting 18 months; he numbering one other among the patriots who suffered in a great cause. Mr. Schwartz possesses 360 acres of land in a very fair state of cultivation, and his farm is among the best in this township. His dwelling-house is a two- story, 30 X 40 feet, with a very commodious barn of 44 X 58 feet, together with some substantial out-build- ings. He has recently erected a fine dwelling-house on section i, to which he has attached a spacious barn of 35 x 36 feet. His farming is of a general character and in every particular receives his de- voted attention. He came to Illinois June 10, 1842, and lived with his parents, who died at Knoxville. Mr. Schwartz is a member of the Christian Church, as is also his wife. By political persuasion he is a Democrat.. iilton D. Burner, whose name gives point to this biography, is a native of Knox County, 111., being born Jan. 30, 1844. He is the son of Daniel and Melissa (Gumm) jT Burner, natives of Kentucky and Illinois re- I spectively. The father was born July 6, 18 14, in Barren County, Ky. The mother of our subject is a native of Sangamon County, 111., was born Jan. 29, 1822, and was the daughter of John B. and Ca- sander (Deal) Gumm, both being natives of the State of Kentucky. The dates of the births and deaths of these latter parents are unknown to the Burner fam- ily at the date of writing. They were jjarcnts of two children — Jacob D. and Melissa R. Mr. Daniel G. Burner, the father of the present gentleman, married the lady just named, she dying June 9, 1853. On March 28, 1854, Daniel Burner married Miss Elizabeth Martz, this being his second wife, who was born in Rockingham, Va., in February, 182 t. There were eight children born to the union — John G., Oct. 25, 1840; Milton D., Jan. 30, 1844; Casander, Jan. 22, 1847; Susan, March 6, 1850; Melissa J., March 29, 1853; Mary A., Feb. 20, 1855; Ellen, Aug. 6, 1856; .\da, Sept. 17, 1858. Of these children two are dead. Daniel, the father of our subject, has 547 acres of fine land in an advanced state of cultivation. Mr. Milton D. Burner married Miss Susie Burns, Aug. 16, 1868. She was a native of Knox County, 111., her parents being John and Rebecca (Lightner) Burns, who are now both dead. By tlie marriage there were two children, namely, Elizabeth and Susie. Mr. and Mrs. Burner are the parents of nine chil- dren, namely, Edwin, born May 30, 1869; Willis J., born in May, 1870; James, Jan. 29, 1872; Melissa R., Oct. 24, 1873; Georgiana, Oct. 31, 1874; Ettie 1 M., March i, 1877; Bertha J., Dec. 8, 1878; Henry 7l L., Jan. 22, 1881, and Jesse, Feb. 6, 1883. Mrs. Burner's family came West in 1846, and settled in Knox County. Mr. Burner is at present owner of 184 acres of ex- cellent land in a fair state of cultivation. Turning his attention to the raising and breeding of cattle, he lias produced some high grades of Short-horns, and is eagerly pursuing the breeding of Norman horses. He is the owner of '' Black Diamond," an imported Norman stallion, now four years old, the animal weighing 1,800 pounds, whose value is estimated at $2,000. For an animal of his size he is exceedingly active, and in color jet black. Mr. Burner is considered a very active member of the I. O. O. F., at Abingdon, 111., and a devoted reader of the best works whenever his time permits. He has a most interesting family of small boys and girls, while his wife is a lady of many estimable ciualities, being a devoted mother and a faithful wife. Altogether their home is one of the pleasantest in the district. The family are all members of the Chris- tian Church at Abingdon. In politics, Mr. Burner is of the Jacksonian school, and has always been active in the Democratic party. Enjoying the goods of this nAj r -64— =fe 522 KNOX COUNTY: world and his own labors, his highest desire is to see everybody happy, and many good and substantial friends share his views in this particular. I W. Olson. Of the active, energetic bus- iness men of Wataga, in the past, and who through their straightforward and honest dealings with their fellow man have succeeded in acquiring a sufficiency, is the subject of this notice. In the days past and gone he was an active merchant in the now thriving village of Wataga, but at this writing has retired. He was born in the little kingdom of Sweden, Jan. 14, 1839. The parents of Mr. Olson were Lars and Catherine (Peterson) Olson, natives of Sweden. They left their native land in 1849, and emigrated to the United States, coming directly to this county. Arriving here, they made settlement in Sparta Township, with their little family of four children, divided equally as to gender. They first purchased 20 acres of land and subsequently added thereto 60 acres more. The two tracts were located on section 1 3, Sparta Township. There the father lived and labored, working to estab- lish a home for himself and family, and there died in 1863, his good wife surviving him until 1868, when she passed beyond to join him in the better land. The subject of this notice was an inmate of the parental household until he attained the age of 22 years. His early years were passed in obtaining an education at the common schools and in assisting his father in the labors of the farm. Arriving at the age last named, our subject took charge of the old home- stead and was diligently occupied in its cultivation until 1866. He then moved to Rio Township, where he rented a farm for two years. At this period in his life's history he came to Wataga and engaged in the grocery business, and conducted the same for about 18 months. Again returning to his first love, agri- culture, he located on a farm on section 27, in Sparta Township, the same comprising 80 acres, which he had purchased in 1869. There he lived and labored, energetically engaged in his chosen vocation, for seven years, when he again returned to Wataga, pur- chased a store and was occupied in general mer- chandising until 1885, in the meantime renting his farm until 1883, when he sold it and purchased i6q X acres on section 10, Sparta Township. Mr. Olson erected his present residence in the village of Wataga, in 1881, the same costing him about ^1,800. Our subject was united in marriage in the fall of 1S61, with Miss Ellen Olson, likewise a native of Sweden. Her parents, Olof and Eliza Olson, were natives of Sweden, and came to the United States in 1 85 7, accompanied by their seven children, and came to this county and made settlement in Sparta Township, where they purchased 60 acres of land. The father died in 1857, and the mother is still liv- ing with her son, Jonas, who resides about two miles from the village of Wataga. Mr. and Mrs. Olson are the parents of five children, viz. : Eugene, Minnie, Ansfrid, David and Olof. In politics Mr. Olson is Republican, and he and his wife, together with their children, are members of the Swedish Lutheran Church of Wataga. Mr. Olson has held the offices of Road Commis- sioner, Township Collector, Village Trustee and School Director. In 1859, he took a trip to Califor- nia, and on arriving there worked in the mines for a time, but, like thousands of others who visited that land of gold expecting to realize a fortune, he had no ^ success, and in 1861 returned. In 1880, his health being impaired, Mr. Olson visited his native land, and after spending a time among the old associates ' of his youth and boyhood, he again returned to his adopted country, and has since lived in Wataga, respected and esteemed by all who know him. 1 E^'i- ewis Matson. An instance of the reward that fortune bestows upon the worthy and industrious may be found in the person of 6l(j Lewis Matson, whose history is herein narrated. He is a farmer, residing on sections 28 and 2,2,, Sparta Township, and may be considered, in point of energy and active enterprise, as one of the most substantial men of Knox County. Mr. Matson was born in Victoria Township, Knox County, on the 25th of November, 1852. His par- ents are George and Catherine (Olson) Matson, na- tives of the northern part of Sweden. Tliey emigrated to America in 1848 and 1850 respectively, and were married in 185 i. Settling at Victoria village, they engaged in farming, and, the mother dying in 1853, ^ -^J^ KNOX COUNTY. 523 in Victoria Township, the father removed to Polk County, N'eb., of which he is now a citizen. The subject of this sketch, after reaching the age of three years, lived with his grandparents until their death, in Sparta Township. In this section of the country he now lives and is the owner of 88 acres of land. He has highly cultivated and improved his farm, and takes just pride in the success of his ex- periments. He took to himself a life companion, the 25th of August, 1879, in the person of Miss Carrie, daughter of Anderson Monson. His wife was a na- tive of Sweden, and to them have been born four children — Clara Evelina, Mehin Fernando, Vinnie Semeda and Grace Evangeline. He has added a fine barn and out-buildings to his property, and is quite extensively engaged in the manufacturing of sorghum molasses, which has proved a well-paying enterprise and a great convenience to the neighbor- hood. Mr. Matson has held the office of Roadmaster, and is a helpful and useful man in the community. In politics he is a Republican, wliich party he aids and abets in senriment and vote. Both he and his wife are prominent members of the Swedish Church, are congenial friends, consistent Christians and good, desirable neighbors. "WW '«'xtii£^*S^ »®fsS-737»N» "v/w^ A. Lee. Among the townships of Knox County, Sparta can certainly boast of her quota of energetic, well-to-do farmers. IP Many of those who have fine farms in Sparta Township came here poor in pocket, but with the firm determination of establishing per- manent homes for themselves and families, and having faith in the development of the country, lo- cated and for years have labored to accomplish their desire, and have succeeded. Among this number is the gentleman whose name heads this notice, who is at present residing on his fine farm on section 5, in the township named. Mr. Lee was born in Onta- rio County, N. Y., Sept. 26, 1822, his father being Amos and his mother Mary (Willard) Lee, narives of Massachusetts and Vermont respectively. The calling of his father was that of a farmer, and the children of the parental household were ten in num- ber, seven of whom ate living at this writing — Elias W., Myron H., William A., George C, Benjamin F. and Thaddeus C. Those deceased are Charles H., Harriet H. and Hannah A. Both heads of the house- hold died in Xew York State, the mother in 1877 and the father in 1879. W. A. Lee lived with his parents until he was 25 years of age, having in the meantime received a rudi- mentary education at the common schools, which was supplemented by an academical course. After leaving school he clerked for his brother, and worked on a farm until 1846. It was during this year that he made up his mind to go West and grow up with the country, and following up his determination he came to Galesburg and made settlement. On arrival there he engaged in buying stock, and a year later, in 1847, embarked in the brick business, and was occupied for a year. In 1848 he erected the first meat-market in the present active, thriving city of Galesburg, and conducted the same with signal suc- cess until 1853. Selling out his market, he purchased a farm of 80 acres located thiee miles north of Galesburg, and engaged in that most independent of callings, fanning. Subsequently he added another 80 to his original purchase and lived on his land, ^ actively engaged in its cultivation, until 1857. He then sold his real estate and purchased a farm in Sparta Township, of 160 acres, the same being lo- cated on section 6, and to which he added an addi- tional 80 on section 5, in the same township, by a subsequent purchase. In 1865 he purchased a store in Wataga, and a block of ground known as the Wat- kins property. Since he moved to Sparta Township he has engaged to no inconsiderable extent in stock- raising, making a specialty of the Poland-China swine. Mr. Lee has been twice married, first in 1848, to Miss Laura S. Booth, the accomplished daughter, by adoption, of Noah W. Stanley, of New Britain, Conn. She was only a wife for two short years, her demise occurring Sept. 6, 1850, at Galesburg, where she lies buried. The second matrimonial alliance of our sub- ject was solemnized Aug. 23, 1853, on which occasion the destiny of Miss Betsey Knowles and that of our subject were united. She was the daughter of Judge Paul Knowles, of West Avon, Livingston Co., N. Y., and of her union with Mr. Lee two children, George K. and William A., were born. The good wife and kind mother departed this life in 1873. George K., i her eldest son, married Miss Kate Bowman, a native of rrJU -^ S24 KNOX COUNTY. this State, in 1880, and by her has one child, a daughter, Maude. William A. Lee selected as his companion in life Miss Jannie, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of William Patterson, of Sparta Township. Their marriage took place in 1880, and they also have two children to brighten their household— Freddie P. and Betsey K. Mr. W. A. Lee is a self-made man in every sense the word implies. He started in this life with noth- ing, and what he has he has made himself. In poli- tics he votes with the Republican party, and as a social gentleman and a prominent citizen he is the peer of any. obert Kelly, a prominent farmer residing JJ^^: on section 29, Salem Township, was born }[i(S^" "'' Westmoreland County, Pa., Oct. 15, ^'f^ 1841. His father, Samuel Kelly, was a native &" of Pennsylvania, and was of Irish descent. The father of our subject always followed the calling of a farmer, and resided in Westmoreland County, Pa., until 1865, the date of his removal to Illinois. He located about four miles from Farm- ington, remaining there four years, coming thence to Knox County, where he resided with his son, R. L., until his death, which occurred May 22, 1883. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Elizabeth Mitchell. She was a native of Indiana County, Pa., and is at present residing with her son, R. L, in Fulton County. The parental family of Mr. and Mrs. Kelly numbered six children, our sub- ject being the fifth in order of birth. Mr. Kelly grew to manhood in his native county and was reared to the calling of a farmer. He re- ceived his education in the district schools, and in February, 1861, started west in search of a home. He located in Knox County and was engaged in farming during the summer months He enlisted Sept. 20, i86i,inCo. B, nth 111. Cav., spent the winter, until Feb. 22, in camp, then went to Benton Barracks, Mo., where he remained two weeks, then pushed to the front. The first battle in which he was engaged was Pittsburg Landing. His regiment subsequently participated in many other engagements. He received an honorable discharge three months after the expiration of the time of his service, when he returned to Illinois and engaged in farming. The following spring he went to Pennsylvania, where he purchased a carload of horses, shipping them to Galesburg, and sold them in different parts of the county. After this venture he resumed his vocation as a farmer. In the spring of 1870, Mr. Kelly pur- chased the place which he now owns and occupies, and which consists of 80 acres of well-improved land. In 1884 he purchased an additional farm, consisting of 783/^ acres, and furnished with a good set of frame buildings. The maiden name of the wife of Mr. Kelly was Harriet M. Marshall, to whom he was married Feb. 8, 1866. Mrs. Kelly was born in Westmoreland County, and is the daughter of John and Margaret (Rainey) Marshall. The children born to them bear the fol- lowing names: Edwin N., Anna N., Samuel M., Louisa M., Nannie Belle, Alice, Harry and Hattie M.; Edith died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in pol- itics Mr. K. adheres to the doctrines of the Repub- lican party, and cast his first vote for Gen. Grant for President in 1868. \ ohn E. Edmundson is a farmer, successful and prosperous, whose home lies within the limits of Knox County, being situated on section 29, in Indian Point Township. He is ir of English extraction, and is well known both \ for his success in his chosen occupation as a farmer and that of breeding blooded stock — Norman and English horses and Short-horn cattle. He is the owner of a handsome homestead, including 200 acres of finely cultivated land, on which are erected convenient buildings. Mr. Edmundson was born on the section a part of which now constitutes his home, May 29, 1852, and is the son of Bry and Matilda (Boydstun) Ed- mundson, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky respectively; Bry Edmunson died Dec. 29, 1884, in this township. He had been a member of the Chris- tian Church for 30 years, and was a man widely re- spected and beloved. He came to Illinois in the fall of 1 839, and the next year located on the farm where he resided until his death. Politically he was a Demo- crat, stanch and unvarying. He came to his death by receiving a kick from a horse. He was united in marriage with Miss Eleanor Elliott, Aug. 23, 1835, *% LIBRARY OF THE i:::iVERsiTY of illihc.s jioui^v J^O/rrYi. LIBRARY OF THE L.;;VERS\TY OFILLU...J . .^ . . KNOX COUNTY. S»9 i + who died July 8, 1844. To them were born four children, all of whom have passed from eatth but one son. One of the children died at Denver, Colo., March 22, 1884, and one was killed at the battle of Fort Donelson. Feb. 3, 1845, he chose Miss Matilda Boydstun as his life companion, and to them were born four children, three of whom are still living, as follows: Isabelle, Nancy A., Sarah E. (died in in- fancy), and John, who is the subject of this sketch. On Oct. 30, 1877, the gentleman of whom we write was united in marriage with Miss Isabinda Merriss, who was born in Warren County, 111., May 23, 1S55. She was the daughter of Stanton J. and Lavinia (Coultas) Merriss, both natives of Illinois, the former born in 1828, and the latter in 1839. Mrs. Merriss died Sept. 20, i860, leaving four children, of which family but one survives. Mr. and Mrs. E. are the parents of two children — Clyde M., born May 16, 1879, and Mary I., Feb. 24, 1881. Mr. Edmundson is well situated in the community, financially and personally, and is a Republican in politics, which party he defends with much spirit and courage. He is an Elder in the Christian Church, and takes an interest in all matters pertaining to religion. His father before him was an Elder for 15 years, was a faitliful and affectionate husband and father, and when he was taken from earth was sincerely mourned as one whose place could not be easily filled. ■enjamin Ramp. One of the important factors in the prosperity of Knox County is found in the person of the subject of this biography, who is a farmer and stock- dealer, living on section 3, of Haw Creek Township. He is one of the solid men of the county, owns considerable property, and is an in- stance of what energy of purpose combined with in- dustry and persistent toil can accomplish. Mr. Ramp was born in Cumberland County. Pa., Nov. 20, 1815, and is the son of William and Mar)- (Hebberling) Ramp, both natives of Pennsylvania. This family was originally of German lineage, as their patronymic goes to show. The subject of this recital removed to Miami County, Ohio, in 1844, and engaged in farming. In 1848 he removed to Knox County, Till., and took up his abode on section 3, of Haw Creek Township, where he now resides. He I -X owns 2,000 acres of land in this county, located in Haw Creek, Persifer and Truro Townships, all, ex- cept 300 acres of pasture, under a high state of culti- vation. Mr. Ramp has one of the best dwellings in the township, built of brick, and costing upward of $6,000. The grounds are laid out in a tasteful and picturesque manner, and the barn, corn-houses and out -buildings are first-class in every respect, and second to none in the county. On the 26th of October, 1837, he deserted the ranks of single blessedness and was united in mar- riage to Sarah Mapps. She was the daughter of John and Elizabeth (Highland) Mapps, and was born in New Jersey. Her mother was a native of Pennsyl- vania, from a family of English origin on the father's side and Irish on the mother's side. To Mr. and Mrs. Ramp have been born 13 children, as follows: Elizabeth, born April 10, 1839, was the wife of John W. Cook, and deceased Jan. 14, 1862 ; William was born Oct. 4, 1840, united in marriage with Octavia Fravel, and lives near Yates City, 111.; Mar)- Jane, bom Oct. 28, 1843, is the wife of Henry Bell, resid- ing in Persifer Township; John, bom March 10, 1842, died .\ug. II, 1842; David was born Sept. 6, < 1845, was married to Virginia Votes, of Persifer To.vnship, their present home; .Aaron, born March i, 1847, died Jan. 14, 1854; Benjamin, born Dec. 11,. 1848, died June 5, 1850; Samuel, bom Nov. 11, 1850, united in marriage with Amanda Jacobs, who lives in Truro Township, this county; Jesse M., born Feb. 11, 1853, died Oct. 31, 1853; Asa M., born Jan. 24, 1855, married Deborah Westner, and lives ill Truro Township; Cephas .\., born Nov. 18, 1856, married Julia BiggerstafT, and lives in Persifer Township; James W., born Feb. 22, 1859, married Mary Biggerstaff, and resides in Haw Creek Town- ship, and Charles A., born Aug. 12, 1862, is married to Sarah E. Green, of Haw Creek Township. They reside at home, assisring to carry on the home place. Mr. and Mrs. Ramp have 40 grandchildren and 6 great-grandchildren. When Mr. Ramp moved to Ohio, in 1844, he only had about §150 ; and when he came to Knox County, in 1848, his possessions amounted to only about $1,200, on arrival. On arriving here he purchased a farm of 87 acres. He rented a house and spent the winter in Knoxville, and desiring to earn a little money he engaged in teaming from Knoxville to Peoria. On the third trip, going down the Spoon ^-^- t 530 XJVOX COUNTY. 4 River hill, the staple on the neckyoke broke; Mr. Ramp was walking, and in attempting to catch the team he was thrown to the ground, the wheels pass- ing over his left leg, which necessitated its amputa- tion at the upper part of the thigh. From this acci- dent he was all winter in recovering, and when in the spring he moved out to the farm with his wife and six small children, he had but a few dollars and was in debt on account of his sickness. Now a man of less courage would have been disheartened, but not so with Mr. Ramp. With commendable energy he set about to recover his fortunes, and by the exercise of foresight and good judgment he finally carved out success. Little by little he added to his landed es- tate, until now his broad acreage comprises one of the finest farms in Knox County. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ramp refer with much gratitude to the kind atten- tions bestowed on them by the citizens of Knox- ville, during their sore trials ; the remembrance of those kind acts will ever be green in their memories. The people of Knoxville wished to present them with two hundred dollars, but they would not accept it.' In i860, on the 28th of August, while Mr. Ramp was driving a mower, one of the wheels fell into a blind ditch, and he was thrown on the ground in front of the sickle-bar, which cut off his right arm below the elbow. Even this did not discourage him, and he still continues to manage his farms. Mr. Ramp has held many minor offices of this county and township, and has been Justice of the Peace for four years. Both himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church at Knoxville, and in politics he is a Republican. At their beauti- ful home Mr. and Mrs. Ramp dispense a liberal hospitality. He ranks as one of the enterprising and public-spirited citizens of Knox County. The por- traits of Mr. and Mrs. Ramp are shown on pages 526 and 527 respectively. ^amuel McFarland may be cited as one of lili>S'^ the pioneers of Knox County, as he came llV^ to this section of the country at an early date, in which he has grown up, noting its gradual growth and progress. His home lies on section 21, in Chestnut Township, and he is well known as a man of success and ability. Mr. McFarland was born in Richland County, Ohio, March, i, 1837. He came to Illinois with his parents in 1839, and they located on section [8, Chestnut Township, purchasing 80 acres of land, where our subject has passed nearly all his life. Shortly afterward, however, they purchased 80 more, or 160 in all. Mr. McFarland was a mere child at that time, and his parents were by name William and Catharine (Bowden) McFarland, of Virginia, the father being born in 1803, and died April 9, 1879. The mother was born in 1807 and died Oct. 5, 1877. William McFarland was a native of Loudon County, Va., and his father, Robert McFarland, was of Scotch ancestry. His grandfather was a native of Scotland. William McFarland moved to Ohio in 1828, and remained there ten years, then emigrated to Illinois, as above stated. He was a strong Meth- odist for 50 years, and was an upright, conscientious man in his walk and conversation. They were the parents of 11 children, namely: Elizabeth, Mahala, Ann ; Hamilton, who died at the early age of four years, and whose burial was the fiist made in the Methodist Episcopal Cemetery at Her- man ; Samuel, of this sketch; three who died in infancy ; Cornelius, Jane and Emma. Mr. Samuel McFarland was united in marriage with Miss Sophronia G. Terry, Nov. 'i, 1861. She was born in Chestnut Township, in 1841, and was the daughter of John and Nancy (Benson) Terry. They were natives of Virginia. The father was born April I, 1807, and came to Illinois in 1834, and his wife was born in 1813, and died in January, 1885. They were the parents of 11 children, as follows: Ann, Thomas, Sallie, John, Rachel, Sophronia, Julia, Marshall, Rufus, Haney and Jane. Five of them are living. The subject of our history lost his wife by death in January, 1881, and in her loss mourned that best of all possessions, a true woman and wife. She was a noble Christian, being associated by membership with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Herman, 111., and with which she united under the preaching of E. O. Raymond. She had belonged to this organ- ization 18 months previous to her death, and had grown rapidly in grace, evincing the qualities that distinguish the followers of the meek and lowly Jesus, and was laid to rest in the Christian Cemetery of Herman, 111., leaving to mourn her a family of five children besides her husband. The names and dates of birth of their children are as follows ; Elnora, m KNOX COUNTY. %^ 53' Feb. 14, 1863; Isola J., April 30, 1865; Anna K., April 30, 1867 ; Emma I., Aug. 27, 1869, and Rolla J., Jan. 7, 1882. Elnora was united in marriage with Mr. James Davis, the date of their union being Dec. 21, 1883, and their home is in this township. Mr. McFarland ranks high as a wealthy farmer, and is the possessor of 160 acres of land under fairly good cultivation. He is united by membership with no church, but is strongly moral and upright, owning no creed save that of common good and charity and ,a generous heart. He has filled offices of trust in the township for a number of years, and has been Supervisor for eight years. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. --s •0*0-(By^^J^-o»0.. -V— oshua B. Boynton, one of the prominent and successful merchants of Maquon and Supervisor of Maquon Township, came to Kno.x County in the fall of 1866 from Fort Wayne, Ind. For one year after his arrival he resided in Orange Township, where he was en- gaged in farming. Subsequently he removed to Haw Creek Township and there followed agriculture. In 1869 he came to Maquon and was engaged in the butcher business in that place for one year. Soon afterward he formed a partnership with G. G. Shearer for the purpose of carrying on the grocery business, under the firm name of Shearer & Boyntoti. This partnership existed for one year, when Mr. B. bought out the interest of his partner and conducted the trade alone until 1877. He then formed a part- nership with William Swigart, and since that time the business has been carried on under the style of Swigart & Boynton. They do an average business of $20,000 annually. Mr. Boynton was born in Augusta, Me., June 4, 1828. He was but a lad of five years when his par- ents moved to Lorain County, Ohio, where Mr. Boynton spent the early years of his life. He had received but a limited education, and assisted his father, who was a merchant, in the store. In 1865 Mr. Boynton came to Fort Wayne, Ind., but was en- gaged in no regular business until his arrival in Knox County, in 1867. The marriage of Mr. Boynton was solemnized at Maquon, in September, 1870, at which Time he was -^ , -A united with Miss Rachel, daughter of Walter and Betsey Bull, natives of Maryland. The parents re- sided for a number of years in Ohio prior to their coming to Knox County. They both died in Haw Creek Township. The wife of our subject was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in the year 1842. Mr. and Mrs. Boyn- ton have had born to them six children, five of whom survive. The record is as follows: Harriet May, born in 1872; Elizabeth Ann, 1874; William Walter, 1876; Emma Josephine, 1878; Edna Es- telle, 1880; Sarah Isabella, 1885. William died at the age of two years. Mr. Boynton was elected Supervisor of Matpion Township in the spring of 1881, and has been the incumbent of that office up to the present time, fill- ing the same with credit to himself and satisfaction to the community. He has also been Townsliip Treasurer and Trustee for several years and School Director for six years. He was one of the number who enlisted in the Home Guards and was in the Morgan raid in Ohio. Politically he is a supporter of the principles advocated by the Republican party. The parents of our subject were Daniel T. and^j Harriet O. (Louton) Boynton, natives of Maine. The father was of Irish and the mother of English ancestry. The grandfather of our subject was in the. War of 18 1 2. The parents of Mr. Boynton removed to Ohio, and thence to Fort Wayne, Ind., at which place the mother died. The father still survives and is a resident of Kansas. 'eflFerson Bellwood. One of the most Ir prominent citizens and enterprising men included within the borders of Knox Coun-^ ty is the subject of this personal history, a man who has grown up from boyhood on his father's farm, and to whom other scenes and faces are wholly new. In him was verified the state- ment that " the child is father to the man," for he was from his early youth active, energetic and go-ahead, and in the district schools, which he attended, proved himself an apt scholar and a bright, original thinker. Passing through the intervening years before arriving at man's estate, he filled them with honest toil and the fruits of a young man's life containing no gigantic V u 532 KNOX COUNTY. growth of " wild oats." His present home is situated on section ii, Indian Point Township, Knox County, Illinois. Mr. Bellwood was born in Chestnut Township, Knox County, Aug. 31, 1838, and is the son of Seth M. Bellwood and Polly (Shumaker) Bellwood, both natives of Ohio. The father was born in 1809, and died in 1858, in Indian Point Township. In 1831, he married Miss Polly Shumaker, who was born in Ohio in 1811. In the year 1837 they came as pioneers to Illinois, locating in Knox County, and building up a home which afterward was enlarged by the advent of 1 1 children. The names of this family of brothers and sisters are as follows : John W., who married Miss Jane Morgan, and now lives in Kingman, Kansas; Mary and Martha, twins, who died at the age of two years ; Alfred, who married Miss Susan Shay, and now lives in Mills County, Iowa; Jefferson, our subject; Mil- ton, who was killed at the siege of Vicksburg ; Levi, who died at Corinth, from fever, a soldier, fighting for his country's honor; James, who married Sarah A^Shumaker, who died in June, 1878, and he married Ithe second time, uniting with Miss Nellie Jones ; Harvey H., who married Miss Minnie Cadwalader, in December, 1878; Rebecca, who married Mr. John Cox, and Adelia, now living at home. His mother yet survives and is a resident of Abingdon. Milton Bellwood, mentioned above, was a member of Co. K, ssth 111. Vol. Inf., enlisted for three years, and was killed in the storming before Vicksburg, in the volunteer party which made the attempt to carry the works. Levi was a member of Co. K, 7th 111. Cav., and enlisted for three years. He died at Corinth, of fever. Joseph Harvey, a brother-in-law, was in the same company and died in the service. Mr. Bellwood united in marriage with Miss Mary Harvey, Feb. 2, i86r. She was born Oct. 18, 1842, and is the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Lemon) Harvey. They were natives of Ohio, he being born in 1810, and living in Abingdon, she in 181 1, and now dead. The fruits of their union were ten children, viz: Phebe, who died at the age of three years; William, died at the age of one and a half years ; John, who married Susan J. Mount, and died in 1875; Ambrose, who married Hannah Baldwin; George, who married Miss Frank Oliver; James, who died in infancy; Joseph A., who died in the army before *1^ Memphis, Tenn., and Caroline, who married E. Baldwin. Mr. Bellwood has six children — Amanda, born Aug. 30, 1863, died Feb. 25, 1865 ; WiUiam S., born March 21, 1866; Eva Dell, born Jan. 31, 1868 ; Ada M., Sept. 8, 1873; Ardie, Sept. 27, 1875, and Clara, Oct. 15, 1882. He is the possessor of 199 acres of fine land, well cultivated and highly productive, with a good barn and a superior dwelling-house. He is a skilled agriculturist and a breeder of blooded stock, raising Short-horns and half-blooded Polled- Angus cattle. He is active in all outside work and helpful in most public matters. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 184, at Abingdon, and a stanch Democrat in politics. He is interested in educational matters to some extent, and has been School Director for some length of time. ames O. Housh. Tracing the history of Knox County, and examining the origin of many points in its growth, we find as its Ve support and help the names of many good and worthy men, who aided in its foundation and assisted in its progress. Among them stands prominently the name of our subject, who resides at present on section 22, Haw Creek Township, and who is one of the important factors of its prosperity. Our subject is the son of David and Elizabeth (Thornbrough) Housh (see sketch of A. C. Housh). He was born in Putnam County, Ind., Sept. 10, 1829. He was about seven years of age when his parents came to Knox County. He received only a limited common-school education, and has most of his life followed the vocation of a farmer. While at Maquon he was engaged in mercantile business in company with his father and two brothers, for a period of ten years. He disposed of his interest to A. C. Housh, nevertheless continuing to carry on farming interests in Haw Creek Township. He is at the present writing the proprietor of 617 acres of highly cultivated and improved land in the township last named, and is extensively engaged in the breeding and raising of stock, being one of the largest agriculturists in Haw Creek Township. Mr. Housh was married in Haw Creek Township, Oct. 26, 1855, to Ann Eliza, daughter of Jared and \ KNOX COUNTY. 533 Jane (Wilson) Strong. Her parents came from Ohio to Knox County in 1847, selecting Haw Creek Town- ship as their abiding place. The father left his fam- ily in Haw Creek Township in 1850, and went to California and was occupied in mining for eight years. Subsequently he came back East with his family, and in the year 1869 returned with his wife to California. His demise occurred Nov. 8, 1885. His widow still survives him. His family consists of seven children, by name as follows : Elizabeth J., Nancy Ann, Ann Eliza, John D., Henry Clay, Emily S. and Samantha E. Mrs. H. of this sketch was born in Ohio, April 5, 1 038, and has borne her husband four children, the record being as follows: Alonzo M., Florence E., Frank J. and Amanda E. Alonzo Housh married Ella Barlow, and they are residing at Haw Creek Township. They are the parents of one child — Glenny. Florence Housh became the wife of Will- iam B. Bland, and they reside in Los Angeles, Cal.; Frank J. Housh is the husband of Luella Dennison, and they reside at Haw Creek ; their two children are named Teresa E. and Florence E. Amanda E. Housh became the wife of A. S. Potter, and resides in Hamilton County, Neb. Mr. Housh has been School Director for 22 years. Mrs. H. has been a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church for a period of 33 years. Politically speaking, Mr. Housh is a Greenbacker. avid McMaster. One of the representa- ^ live farmers of Knox may be found in the <^ subject of this sketch, whose handsome home is situated on section 4, including up- ward of 400 acres of land, on which he has erected a fine residence and neat barns, sheds, and other convenient out-buildings, the whole approx- imating a value of $7,000 or §8,000. He is largely engaged in the raising of stock and the cereals, and may be considered as one of the most solid and sub- stantial citizens of this county. Mr. McMaster was born in Scotland, March 15, 1836, and was a son of John and Ann (Slruthers) McMaster, both born in Scotland. They came to America in 1852, and settled in Copley Township, on section 7, there purchasing 80 acres, on which they lived five years. The mother departed this life in 1884, but the father still survives, living in Walnut Grove with h's son. They had a family of seven children, six of whom are still living, as follows : Mary, John, James, David, George and Thomas. In 1863 Mr. McMaster purchased a farm in Walnut Grove Township, on which he lived, working and improving it, for five years. In 1869 he purchased 240 acres, on which he now lives, having since added 160 acres. In 1882 he built a fine house, costing about $5,000, and other buildings, as before stated. In 1863 he was married to Miss Susan C. Mutter, the daughter of Philip and Mary (Comstock) Multer, natives of New York. They remained in their native State until their death. A family was born to them, consisting of four children — Emeliiie, Joseph, Lewis and Susan C. Mr. McMaster has a family of seven children— John P., Mary A., James M., David W., Arthur T., Oscar P. and Guy A. Mr. McMaster is in politics a Republican, voting | for and supporting that organization. He is a mem- 1 berof the Masonic fraternity, and may be reckoned as | one of the best of Knox County's, citizens. Of him \ I may truly be said, " a good man leaveth an inherit- "S ance to his children's children." -^ — €-*-^" artin B. Mason. Few, if any, of the pro- gressive and influential farmers resident within the borders of Knox County have rightfully a higher place among the pioneers or early settlers of that section than Mr. Ma- son. His residence stands on section 15, in Salem Township. He is a native of Pennsylvania and was born in Fayette County, May 6, 1808. His father, Jacob Mason, was a native of the same county, and his grandfather, Martin Mason, was of German ancestry, and came to this country with his parents when a small child. During the Revolution- ary War, when our subject's grandfather was but 14 years of age, he was taken prisoner by the Indians and sold to the French Canadians, who removed him to Fort Duquesne. He was the companion for eight years of a French Major, at the end of which time he secured a pass to return to his people in Virginia. After the close of the war he went to Western Pennsylvania and took up a tomahawk claim, as it was then called, and which was marked -A-4* *l, ^—*--^ 534 KNOX COUNTY. ^ out by blazing the trees. He secured the title to the land and there lived until 1814. From there he removed with one of his sons to Ashland County, Ohio, where he died at the mature age of 93 years. The father of our subject was the youngest of a family of nine children, and early in life married Catherine Riddenger, who was born in Virginia of German parents. In 18 14 he removed to Ohio, set- tling in tliat part of Richland County now included in Ashland County, in which section he was one of the first settlers. There he bought timber land, cleared a farm and lived until 1837, when he sold out and came to Illinois, choosing Fulton County as his point of destination. At Farmington he pur- chased property, upon which he resided until his deatli, which occurred a few years later. There were four children born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Mason, as follows : William, who lives in Stark County, 111. ; Martin R., our subject ; James, whose home is in Farmington ; and Nancy, now deceased. Martin was but six years of age when his parents removed to Ohio, where he grew to manhood, being reared on the farm. He married, Oct. 18, 1842, -^ Mary Ann Slason, of Troy, N. Y. She was born Jan. 21, 1817, and is the daughter of Dutcher and Sarah (Sampson) Slason, her father being from Westchester County, N. Y., and the mother from Massachusetts. She came with her parents to Ful- ton County in 1835, and Mr. Mason came in 1837. They were united in marriage in Fulton County, where they resided until 1843, and then came to Knox County, buying the land he now owns and oc- cupies in Salem Township, where they have since continued to live. Mr. Mason, although blest in a minor degree with this world's goods, has always been quoted as one of the reliable men of this section, and as a substantial citizen. He cast his first political vote for Andrew Jackson, and remained a Democrat until 1872, since which time he has been a stanch Greenbacker. He takes an active interest in all matters relative to the improvement and good of the community, and is foremost in educational affairs, serving as Trustee in his school district. He has been County Commis- sioner and has served on the Board of Supervisors since the organization of the township. In religious belief he is a Universalist. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Mason has been pro- ductive of the birth of seven children : Charles H., whose home is in Jefferson County, Iowa ; Sarah J. ; Harriet E., who was the wife of James Broherd, now deceased; Cassie; William J. J., who lives at home; Mary A., wife of Frank Coon, of Phelps County, Neb.; and Martin S., who lives in Farmington, 111. _>^ ^.o^..@^><^..ofo V— f^f ^^!b harles L. Roberts, Esq., President of the 3i^Sa| Council of Yates City, was born in tlie n'l& "^ town of Brooks, Waldo Co., Me., April 14, 182 1. His father, Jacob Roberts, was also a 1^ native of Maine, and the maiden name of his mother was Huldah Merrick, also a native of the Pine Tree State. Jacob Roberts, father of our subject, was a physician by profession and practiced medicine in his native town for many years. He then removed to North Vassalboro, Kennebec Co., Me., and continued the practice of medicine until his death, which occurred in 1857. The gentleman of whom we write was reared in < his native town, in Waldo County, and educated in the pubHc schools. At the age of 20, having acquired a fair English education, he began teaching in theW public schools of Waldo County, serving in this ca- pacity for two terms. He next went to New York and engaged in teaching at Pittstown, Rensselaer, County. He also taught in Lansingburg and at Schaghticoke, in the last named county, for ten years. He then returned to Maine, again accepting a posi- tion as pedagogue in North Vassalboro, Kennebec County. In 1856, Mr. Roberts went to Connecticut . and followed the occupation of a provision merchant, in Bridgeport, for a period of five months, after which time he emigrated to Iowa, making a location in New Hampton, remaining there one year and a half, teach- ing one term of school, and during the remainder of his stay there was engaged in farming. October, 1858, Mr. Roberts removed to Peoria, where he re- sided until the January following. At the expiration of this time he went to Salisbury, where he was ap- pointed freight agent for the Oquawka Railway. In May, 1859, our subject went to Yates City and pur- chased a half interest in a general store, and engaged in trade the greater portion of the time until 1866. Mr. Roberts has held various official positions in his township, and was appointed Postmaster in i860, which office he retained until 1866, and then re- signed. In 1881 he was re-appointed, this time -A— i. -i^X-^ KNOX COUNTY. 535 holding the office until 1885. Mr. R. has been Town- ship and City Clerk, also Notary Public, Highway Commissioner, member of Council, City and Police Magistrate. At this writing, besides being President of the Council of his township, he is School Treas- urer and Notary Public, which office he has held since 1869. Politically Mr. R. adheres to tlie doctrines of the Republican party. Mr. Roberts was joined in the holy bonds of mat- rimony to Miss Caroline P. Metcalf, a native of the Bay State. Tie death of Mrs. Roberts took place Sept. 15, 1877. Of this union there were five chil- dren born, by name as follows : Carrie L., Charles A. M., Georgie A., Ellen L. and Blanche L. on. James M. Hunter. Identified with those men who have builded and watched the growth of Knox County, may be found the subject of this personal sketch, who is a retired farmer of wealth and influence, residing on sec- tion 18, in Salem Township. He has filled many positions of trust in this section of country, is honored and respected by his entire circle of friends, and was appointed Associate Judge of the county in 1849. He is possessed of unvarying dignity of man- ner and of kind and genial disposition. Mr. Hunter was born in Franklin County, Ohio, Dec. 31, 1 811 His father, Robert Hunter, was a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and his grandfather, Joseph Hunter, was born in Scotland, and came to America with his family before the Revolution. He spent the last year of his life in Franklin County, Ohio, where the father of James grew to manhood, and subse- quently removed to the State of Ohio with his par- ents. They settled in that State while it was yet a Territory, and were identified as pioneers, and there Robert Hunter was married to Deborah McGowan, who was born in Nova Scotia, and was of Scotch-Irish descent. He was a carpenter by trade, and alternated between that branch of industry and farming, dy- ing in Franklin County in 1815. He left to mourn him, besides his widow, five sons, of whom the sub- ject was tlie third in order of birth, and was four years of age at tlie death of his father. He subse- quently resided with an uncle until he attained the age of nine years, after which he lived with a man named Cutter, whose farm joined the city of Colum- bus, Ohio. It was while living in this latter home that he attained all the education which he after- ward possessed, by attending both the country and city schools. At the age of 17, he purchased a half interest in a team, and engaged in carrying goods from the different lake ports to the cities of Dayton and Cincinnati. Three years later he bought his partner's interest and concluded to carry on the bus- iness alone, and went on trans{X>rting goods across the State until 1833. At that date he sold out and en- gaged in farming, two and one-half miles from Co- lumbus, on rented land, and after the lapse of 18 months he removed to Union County, where he pur- chased 80 acres of land, on which he lived for three years. Removing to Madison County from his first estate, he bought 240 acres, and, in 1846, sold this out and, with six horses, two wagons and a carriage, occupied by his wife and five children, emigrated to Illinois. At the close of 17 days they arrived at Ful- ton County, where they stopped for a few days and then came to Knox County, found a location on sec- tion 18, in what is now Salem Township, and have here resided ever since. The date of his marriage was March 6, 1833, with Miss Eliza Hunter, of Franklin County, Pa., who was born Oct. 12, 1817. Their family consisted of five children, as follows: Joseph, Charles, James M., Ehza J. and May. Mr. Hunter in politics is a Dem- ocrat, stanch and strong, and cast his first presiden- tial vote for Gen. Jackson. ugustus M. Maple, a prominent merchant at Maquon, came to Knox County in ?cf^ March, 1848, from Lewis County, Ky., and ^'^^ engaged as clerk for the firm of Israel S. Piper & Co. In company with John Morton, Mr. Maple purcliased the stock of goods from his employer, which consisted of general merchandise, and tiiey did business under the style of Maple & Morton. The partnership existed for four years, when tliey dissolved and divided the stock, and Mr. Maple engaged alone in the business, which he has since successfully carried on. In 1857, a 83,500 slock of goods, together with his building was de- stroyed by fire, the total loss amounting to $C,ioo. Mr. 536 KNOX COUNTY. ^> M. sustained another loss by fire in the year 1871 ; this was, however, not of so serious a nature as the former, his loss being about $500. He has followed mercantile pursuits the greater portion of the time since coming to Maquon, having in the interim car- ried on farming pursuits with the grain trade for about two years. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this biographical notice was born on Cabin Creek, Lewis County, Ky., April 9, 1819. The father of our subject followed the honorable calling of a farmer, and Mr. Maple, of this notice, passed his early life on the farm in his native county, with the exception of 18 months which he spent in farming in Highland County, Ohio, in 1840-41. Our subject was joined in the bonds of wedlock, April 3, 185 I, in Canton, 111., with Miss Mary Sheaff. She was born in Delaware County, Pa., Aug. 16, 1819, and is the daughter of Phillip and Harriet Sheaff, ^ also natives of the Keystone State, where their de- mise occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Maple are the happy parents of four children — Harriet L., Emily Ann, ^ Charles F. and Abraham L. Emily Ann died in in- fancy ; Harriet resides with her parents at Maquon; Charles assists his father in the duties of the store ; while Abraham is a telegraph operator, and follows his profession in Dakota. Mr. Maple has been Supervisor and Overseer of Highways and Township Clerk, which offices he has held in a manner reflecting much credit upon himself and to the entire satisfaction of the community. In politics he is a firm supporter of the Republican party. Both our subject and wife are members of the Christian Church, by which thr;y are held in high es- teem. He is the son of David and Mary (Buchanan) Maple, his mother being a cousin of President Bu- chanan. They were natives of New Jersey and Penn- sylvania respectively, and were married in Lewis County, Ky., Jan. 6, 1 8 14. At the latter place the demise of the father occurred in 1844. Upon the death of her husband, Mrs. Maple came to Knox County to reside with her son, our subject, in 1849, and died at his residence in Maquon, 111., in 1856. The parental family consisted of six children — Thompson, Louisa, Augustus M., Naomi, Amanda and Henry K. Our subject has outlived all the original settlers of the village of Maquon, with the ex- ception of Mrs. Mary Allen, widow of Benjamin F. Allen, deceased, and Mrs. Calista Barbero, wife of Nathan Barbero, deceased. mis illiam B. Dunlap, one of Knox County's gr prominent farmers and stock-growers and ^^^if" also breeders of Short-horn cattle, is re- <> siding on his fine farm, located on section 7, Chestnut Township. He was born in Cedar \ Township, this county, Aug. 27, 1849, ^"d is the son of E. P. and Matilda F. (Belt) Dunlap, na- tives of the State of Kentucky. His father was born March 22, 181 1, and died March 29, 1865. His mother was born in 1816, and bore her husband ten children, namely: Mary J., Margaret B., G. W., T. F., H. P., William, Martha F., Alice and Ellen (twins), and Cornelia A. Wm. B. Dunlap was the sixth in order of birth of his father's family. Sept. 30, 1878, he was mar- ried to Miss Ida E. Latimer. She was born in Knox County, Sept. 2, 1855, and is the daughter of J. S. and Sarah A. (Beard) Latimer, natives of Tennessee, h Her father was born Nov 27, 1835, and was married Nov. 27, 1854. Mrs. Latimer was born June 23, 1833, and has become the mother of six children — , Ida E. ; Ellura died at the age of four years ; Walter, William A., Oran L. and Washington B. Mr. Dunlap is the possessor of 230 acres of fine land in Chestnut Township, where he is engaged in the breeding of Short-horn cattle, numbering among his herd 30 head of full-bloods. He has a bull called 6th Duke of Sharon, No. 29364. He was bred by Abraham Renic, of Clintonville, Ky., and is one of the finest animals of the kind in the country; his weight at the age of nine years, 2,160 lb. He is a deep-red color, magnificently built, and is regarded as of the highest standard of that stock in the United States. Mr. Dunlap has owned this animal since 1882. All of his splendid herd is from the Rose of Sharon stock. He gives his attention to stock-raising for the purpose of supplying his customers with young cattle of the finest grade, and for breeding purposes. He finds a ready sale for all he can raise. He re- ceives for his male calves from $125 to $400 per head. His farm is admirably adapted for the grow- ing of grain as well as stock-raising. The father of our subject, E. P. Dunlap, came to -t I / IIBRARV OF THE l.'.'IVERSITY Of ILUN"' ^ <^/?yn,^ KNOX COUNTY. 539 Illinois in 1837, accompanied by his young bride, making the journey overland and on horseback. He brought with him some Short-horn cattle, and these were supposed to be the first introduced into this county, of high grade, but not pure blood. Mr. Will- iam Dunlap came to this farm in 1880, and it is now known as the Walnut Grove Farm. Mr. Dunlap is a man of sterling worth and shrewd business quali- ties, and is favorably known in his township as the most extensive Short-horn grower residing there. Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap were the parents of three children— Eldora, born April 26, 1879; Glenn, born Feb. 8, 1881 ; Dean, May 7, 1883. Mrs. Dunlap is amemberof the Congregational Church. Politically, Mr. D. is a strong adherent of the principles of the Democratic party. eorge F. Reynolds, a resident of Victoria, Knox County, was born near Dover, N. H., Oct. 10, 1799. His parents were Win- throp and Hannah (Locke) Reynolds, na- tives of the Granite Slate, and of Irish and Welsh ancestry. Winthrop Reynolds, the father of our subject, was by trade a carpenter and joiner, and followed the same through life. The family of Mr. Reynolds, Sr., numbered nine children, our subject being the only one surviving. Winthrop Reynolds and wife were members of the Congrega- tional Church. They spent their lives in New Hamp- shire, their native State. George F. Reynolds re- mained at home until he was nine years of age, when he went to live with an uncle, Elisha Locke, remain- ing with him until he had attained his majority. During that time he had received a first-class educa- tion, and upon leaving his home worked out for three months for the small sum of $5 per month. After this he engaged to work in a mill, remaining there for two years and eight months. Our subject worked and had charge of a farm for four years near Boston, with Judge Robbins, and in 1827 made a purchase of 80 acres at Barrington, N. H., remaining on the same for eight years. After disposing of this place, accompanied by his wife, three children and a sister- in-law, he started for the Prairie State. After a pro- longed journey of seven weeks he reached Tazewell County, where the father rented a farm and also entered an 80-acre tract of land, remaining thereun- til 1836, when he sold it and came to Knox County, arriving here Oct. 7, 1S37. In the latter county he took up a fractional quarter of 130 acres, and erected thereon the first house, made of logs, 24 x 24 feet in dimensions, where the village of Victoria now stands. He was proprietor of a hotel at that place for four years, and in 1841, his business having greatly in- creased, he erected a hotel 33 x 50 feet, and contin- ued the business for 11 years. Our subject was the first Postmaster in Victoria, in 1838, was ap- pointed by Amos Kendall and held the position for five years. The greater part of the village of Vic- toria was laid out on land that he once owned. George F. Reynolds was married in March, 1825, to Abigail P. Locke, a native of New Hampshire. Their family consisted of four children, as follows : George W., Charles C, John W. and Julia A. Charles C. married Jane Thorp, a narive of Illinois, and they are the parents of four children — Percy, Mercy, Oliver and May ; they reside in Iowa. John W. be- came the husband of Ann Peterson, and they have born to them four children — Frank, Clara, Abner and Albert; John W. died in September, 1884. He en- listed in the 17th III. Vol. Inf., and was the J« first to enlist here, being mustered in at Peo- ria. (See sketch of George W. and John W. Reynolds, in this volume). Julia married Theodore Hammond ; they have seven children — two boys and five girls. Mrs Reynolds died Nov. 24, 1876, aged 72 years, 7 months and 17 days. Our subject chose, for his second wife Mrs. Anna E. Woodward, nee Reedi a native of Oneida County, N. Y. Her parents were Louis and Roxy S. (Richardson) Reed, natives of the Empire State. Politically Mr. Reynolds belongs to the Republican party. He cast his first vote for James Monroe in 1820; voted for Jackson in 1824, 1828 and 1832; for Martin Van Buren in 1836 and 1840; James K. Polk, 1844; Lewis Cass in 1848; Franklin Pierce in 1852; John P. Hale in 1856; Abraham Lincoln in i860 and 1864; U.S. Grant in 1868 and 1872; R. B. Hayes in 1876; James A. Garfield in 1880, and James G. Blaine in 1884. He is also connected with the Congregational Church, in which denomina- tion he has been a Deacon for the last 30 years. He has also been very liberal in matters pertaining to religion and has given freely to erect the church building and to keep the society active and prosper- ous. He has held the offices of Justice of the Peace, ^An ^ 54° KNOX COUNTY. Township Treasurer, Postmaster, etc. Mr. Reynolds is a self-made man and always ready to assist in any good cause. He has always been active in business and is one of the solid and substantial men of Vic- toria Township. The publishers of this Album take great satisfac- tion in placing the portrait of this excellent citizen among those of other honored men of Knox County. homas W. Collinson is a member of the well-known family bearing that good old name and occupying a jxjsition among the representative men of his township. He is one of the most successful farmers in Walnut Grove Township and Knox County. The sub- ject of this biography is the eldest member of a fami- ily of eight children still surviving, all married and having a good social position in their community. The parents had four sons and four daughters. Mr. Thomas \V. Collinson was born near Carbon- dale, Luzerne County, Pa., July 2, 1835. He was only three years old when his parents came to Knox County, in 1838. Schools in those days were limited, and accordingly his educational advantages were very meager. In his early days he assisted in breaking up many an acre of raw prairie soil. Up to the date of his marriage, which took place Nov. 25. 1858, he lived at home. In Walnut Grove Township, at her par- ents' home, he married Miss Sarah Brooks. She was born at Walnut Creek, Victoria Township, July 16, 1839, on her father's homestead. She is the daugh- ter of Solomon and Mary (Collamer) Brooks, farmers of standing in their district. Her father was a native of New England and of English descent. Her par- ents were married in Lincoln County, Maine, and subsequently removed to Ohio. In the spring of 1838 they came to Knox County, 111., and took up a home in Victoria Township, being among the early settlers there. The land attached to his new home was well improved before the death of Mrs. Collinson's father, which took place March 20, 1873. The mother died Dec. 30, tSSj. Both these good people were members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. The lady whose husband is the subject of this no- tice is the mother of nine children, two now de- ceased. The elder, Leander, was married to Emma Patty, and they reside on a farm in Lynn Township; David, Frank, Solomon, Thomas, Theodore and Sarah Jane reside at home. The children deceased are William, dying when only three weeks old, and Henry, three years and two months old. Since the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. C. they have lived on their large and well-improved farm on section 25. He owns in Knox County a section of 640 acres, and besides this a highly-cultivated farm of 40 acres, also 160 acres in Clarke County, Iowa. Mr. Collin- son's excellent wife is a consistent Baptist, held in great esteem by that body. Mr. C. is a Democrat of the decided school, representing the views of that party in the most thorough-going fashion. His good sense and clear judgment cause him to be looked up to and frequently sought after in matters needing his counsel. A view of Mr. Collinson's residence will be found on another page of this work. obert John McEeighan, one of Knox County's most successful farmers, residing (vz^ on section 22, Salem Township, was born V ■o«o--;gj^X'1i2) ■•'»♦*• *-<'~ ^^^^ ^^^1^ ohn H. Mathews ranks among the well-to- j^aJfc do and popular agriculturists who in early '}^^ life engaged energetically in the labor inci- ^M dent to the cultivation of the farm, and whose ]^t efforts have been crowned with success, thus i enabling him to pass the sunset of his life in retirement upon his fine farm, situated on section 10, Salem Township. He was born Sept. 9, 1840, in ■ the township in which he has always been a resident. He is the eldest son of Robert and Margaret (Wat- son) Mathews. In his earlier years Mr. Mathews » attended the district schools and assisted his father in the duties of the farm. Aug. 14, 1862, our subject enlisted in the war for the Union, joining Co. I, 77th 111. Vol. Inf., and served until the close of that great struggle. He participated in the second battle of Vicksburg, and at the capture of Arkansas Post. His regiment was the first to raise the Union flag over the captured fort. He afterward participated in the battles of Fort Gibson and Black River Bridge, and on the zzd day of May, 1863, in the battle of Fort Pulaski, his regiment charged on the fort, and when within 30 feet of it our subject was wounded by a musket ball passing through his body. He was confined in the hospital for ten months and then joined the Vet- eran Reserve Corps and went, via Washington, to Alexandria, and there served on guard duty for tiiree months. From the latter place he went to Point Lookout, Md., to guard prisoners. His regiment was sent to Concord, N. H., May 25, 1865, where it did garrison duty until July of that year, when the regiment was mustered out and discharged. After- ward he returned home. He had during the mean- time visited 19 different States and the District of Columbia. After returning home he attended the Soldiers' College, at Fulton, 111., and in 1866, his wound breaking out afresh caused him five months of severe illness. In 1866 he purchased his present farm on section 10, Salem Township, and com- menced farming. Mr. Mathews has been twice married, first on Dec. 23, 1 87 1, when Adelia Mussena became his wife. She was born in New Orleans and was the daughter of Jacob Mussena, who was a pioneer of the city of Cincinnati, where he erected some of the first brick buildings. He was one of the few loyal men in New Orleans during the war. Mrs. Mathews met her death at the hand of an assassin Aug. 5, r872, after a little more than seven months of mar- ried life. The assassin was convicted and paid the penalty of his crime upon the gallows, being the first and only man ever hung in Knox County. The second wife of Mr. Mathews was Miss Mary H. Spikard, to whom he was married Dec. 21, 1879. She was born in Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio, and was a daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Fisher) Spi- kard. Her father was a native of Ohio and her mother of Virginia. Ethel J. and Giles A. are the names of their two children. Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically °] speaking, Mr. Mathews is a firm adherent of the principles advocated by the Republican party. :'ames DeWitt Clinton Hoit, M. D., of Yates City, 111., is a native of the Granite State, and was born in Laconia, Belknap County, Aug. 25, 1842. His father. Col. James S. Hoit, was born in Hampstead, Rockingham County, N. H., Feb. r3, 1794, and was the son of Thomas and Hannah (Stevens) Hoit. Thomas Hoit was also a native of the same State, and stood high on the records of the U. S. Navy, in which he served as Captain of the Marines. He died at sea and was buried in Surinam, Portugal. James S. Hoit, the father of our subject, was but four years of age when his father died. He remained with his mother, attending the district school at Barnstead, N. H., and while there learned the trade of carpenter and cabinet-maker. During the latter part of the War of 1812, aid before he was 21 years of age, he became a member of the militia company, in which he was appointed Second Sergeant, and also -x^ 546 KNOX COUNTY. =t 4-^ > acted as Orderly, remaining in the service three months and three days. He went with his company to Fort Constitution, at the entrance of Portsmouth Harbor. While there Walbach Tower was built. Col. Hoit assisting in its construction, having charge of the carpenter work, and at one time, while in com- mand, doing garrison duty, three British men-of-war were seen hovering around the shoals with the evi- dent intention of entering the harbor. A signal was given from the mounted gun in the tower, but the vessels did not respond, and gradually retreated from sight. Col. Hoit assisted in giving the enemy to understand that the handful of troops was ready for an active engagement if desired. In the regiment was the late Gen. John A. Di.x, who was adjutant. After his term of service as a soldier expired. Col. Hoit returned to Barnstead, where he engaged for a a short time in farming. He then went back to his trade, which he followed in Lake Village for a few years, thence to Dover, where he built several dwell- ings and stores, also framing and finishing the print factory, which still stands, and is claimed to be the largest establishment of the kind in the State. Subsequent to this he entered the employment of the Avery Manufacturing Company, at Meredith Bridge, and after a short time assumed full charge. He re- tained his position until 1846, then resigned, erecting the residence he now occupies. He is now 93 years of age, and enjoys the best of health, and is in full possession of his faculties. He has been three times married, his second wife, whose maiden name was Abigail Clay, being the mother of our subject. She was born in Sanbornton, N. H., and died Oct. 22, i860. Col Hoit has held several important posi- tions during his life, and has been an active public worker. After the War of 181 2, he was proffered a commission, which he accepted, as Captain in the loth N. H. militia. From there he was promoted to higher offices, until in 1828 he was appointed Colo- nel of a regiment, by Gov. Bell, receiving an honor- able discharge May 5, 1830. In 1840 he conveyed the presidential vote to Washington, and in 1856 was elected to the State Legislature. To this office he received re-election — a fair proof of his standing in the estimation of the people. Dr. Hoit, the subject of this notice, stands high in the medical profession, and has a flattering patron- age, his practice employing his entire time. He is a man well educated and of considerable literary tal- ent, having produced a number of poetical sketches well worthy of notice. His early advantages were excellent and he availed himself of the opportunities afforded. After quitting the public schools he en- tered Gilford Academy, and subsequently the New London Literary and Scientific Institute. At the age of 18, desiring to adopt the profession of medi- cine, he entered the office of Dr. A. J. Thompson, of Laconia, and applied himself to his books with in- dustry and zeal. He entered Harvard University, at- tended medical lectures, and, after examination, was assigned to a position in the Medical Corps of the U. S. Army, and stationed at St. Louis and Jefferson City, Mo., where he did duty until the close of the war. In 1866 he came to Illinois, and commenced practice at Morristown, in Henry County. There he remained for eight months, receiving a good patron- age, and then removed to Yates City, where he has since continued to reside and practice. Dr. Hoit took a degree from Missouri Medical College, St. Louis. He has been a member of the Yates City Board of Education for 15 years. He is a respected member of the ancient and honorable fraternity of Masons, and holds membership in Yates City Lodge, No. 448, Eureka Chapter, No. 98, R. A. M., and Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. In politics he is a Republican. On tiie 15th of October, 1867, Dr. Hoit was united in marriage with Miss Mary, daughter of Isaac P. and Martha G. (Scidmore) Taylor, pioneers of Pe- oria County. The date of Mrs. Hoit's birth was July 27, 1845. The names of the children are Arabella, Ella M., Virginia and Mattie A. 1^ li M. Benfleld, dealer in groceries and pro- jl^^ L' visions, established his business in 1883, in Abingdon, of which city he is a resident. jj^ He may be considered one of Knox County's most wide-awake and industrious citizens, and is respected by all who know him for his up- right character and his ability in business. He en- gaged in his present vocation, leaving his occupation as a butcher to do so, at which he has been fairly successful. Mr. Benfield is of German descent and was born in Crawford County, Pa., May 27, 1838, and is the son of Daniel and Catherine (Baughman) Benfield, "T ■M\ ' . .Y. KNOX COUNTY. X* 547 He came to DeKalb Co., 111., in 1857, and, removing to Maquon in 1858, began farming. Entering the Government service as a mechanic in the late war, he was engaged six months at Nashville, Tenn. He was united in marriage Jan. 13, 1858, at Ma- quon, with Elizabeth Housh. She is the daughter of David Housh, and was born July 28, 1841, at Ma- quon. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Benfield has been productive of the birth of eight children, one son and seven daughters, as follows : Charles D., born Sept. 8, 1S60, Principal of the Commercial De- partment of Hedding College; Bessie Belle, born May 23, 1867 ; Amanda Jane, born Feb. 26, 1869; Catherine Lulu, born June 27, 187 i ; Melissa D. H., born Sept. 3, 1S74; Sarah Blanche, born March 6, 1876 ; Mary Adeline, born March 1 1, 1878, and died Sept. 6, of the same year, and Jessie Eveline, born Dec. 25, 1884, in Abingdon. All the above children, except the last named, were born in Haw Creek Township. Mr. Benfield's father was born in Lehigh County, Pa., and was of German descent. His mother was a native of the same place and of like ancestry. Mrs. >1 Benfield's parents were pioneers in Knox County, and her mother, who was born in Greencastle, Ind., claimed as ancestors people of English, Irish, Scotch and Welsh nationality. Her father, David Housh, was born in Kentucky, July 29, 1880, and died May 24, 1879. At the age of three years he moved to the frontier north of the Ohio River and settled in the wilds of Indiana, among the Indians, where the face of a white man was seldom seen. At the beginning of the War of 181 2 the white families were compelled to move into forts, which they occupied for three years. He wit- nessed one or two massacres, in one losing some rel- atives, after which, with a brother, he started out to avenge them through the blood of whatever In- dians they were able to put to death. He heard the great and noted speech of the warrior Tecumseh, before the battle of Tippecanoe, and was often heard to pronounce it one of the best of efforts. In 1826, he married Elizabeth Tiiornbrough and again moved to the frontier, where they lived until 1836. At the close of that year he moved to Knox County and set- tled in Haw Creek Township and made a few ac- quaintances, Daniel Meek and John Dawdy being among the first, and as all three were extremely fond of hunting, and possessed a love for fast horses, a spirit of rivalry existed in the endeavor to see who could get the best. Mr. H. laid out a mile track, which aft- erward became quite a resort for patrons of the turf. He raised fine blooded horses, in which he took much pride, and also engaged in milling and | distilling, and later in mercantile pursuits. He cast his first vote for President with the Jackson Demo- crats, and has voted at each election the same ticket. He retired from business with the exception of giv- ing some attention to farming, enjoyed a ripe old age and died honored and respected. Eli M. Benfield moved to Abingdon in December, 1879. While at Maquon he was a contractor and i builder, and had also an interest in a harness business. He possessed a love for farming pursuits, which he followed in a small degree, but after the war came to the city in which he at present resides, and engaged in the occupation of a butcher until 1883. In that year he established his present business, as previ- ously stated. He and his wife are parents of three , children, and they are people of influence, kindly . ' feeling, and labor for the good of others. They are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church and j are respected by the community of which they are 'j members. Politically he votes the Democratic ticket. ' illiam Mathews, a retired farmer, and one of Knox County's prominent citizens, was .^ born in County Tyrone, Ireland, April 6^ [' 1810, and is the eldest son of John and Sa- rah Mathews. There were four brothers in the family. He was reared on a farm in his native county, and when 20 years of age left the Emerald Isle in a steamer bound for the United States. He set sail from Derry. in the month of April, and after a tedious voyage of six weeks landed at Philadelphia. At that place he was variously employed until 1839., the date of his removal to Illi- nois. He came via the canal, and the Ohio, Mis- sissippi and Illinois Rivers to Peoria, and thence to Knox County. Our subject had been very unfort- unate in Philadelphia, losing his hard-earned savings, and upon arriving in this county had to begin life anew. His first employment was on the Peoria & Warsaw Railroad, which was in process of construc- tion, and again he was so unfortunate as to lose all his earnings. We next find him on the Mississippi mXl 548 KNOX COUNTY. River, where he was employed for a short time. Mr. Mathews continued to work at different places until 1845, when purchased the northwest quarter of sec- tion 22, Salem Township, making a payment of $400, the sum total of his savings. He moved upon his place a log house which he had purchased at Farm- ington, known as the Hotel of Farmington, and at once commenced to cultivate and improve his farm. At the time of purchase the land was a wild, un- broken tract, but he has cultivated and improved it until at the present time it is one of the best farms in the township. In 1861, he erected a commodious residence upon his farm, and to-day his place is numbered among the finest in the township, contain- ing 340 acres of excellent land, which is under improvement. Our subject also owns a fine and highly cultivated farm in Fulton County, of 120 acres. His occupation is that of farmer. April 6, 1856, William Mathews was united in marriage with Mary J. Montgomery, She was born in Crawford County, Pa., Nov. 7, 1827, and is the daughter of Simpson and Nancy (Caldwell) Mont- gomery, natives of Pennsylvania. Her father died when she was 12 years old, and her mother brought the family here in 1857. Our subject and wife are the parents of six children, as follows : Sarah N., wife of Joseph Maxwell, residents of Yates City; the next in order of birth are John S., William C, Minerva J., Robert T. and Clarinda B. Both Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he has been a Republican. •iM ^3-^ ^— eter Frans. This gentleman, now deceased, came to Knox County from Kentucky in 1853, and settled in Henderson Township, ''t\f^ where he at once' engaged in agricultural pur- jl\. suits, and at the date of his death was the owner of about 800 acres in this county. His demise took place on the 13th day of April, i86i, to the great sorrow of a large circle of friends. He was married in Meade County, Ky., Oct. 20, 1825, to Sarah Brown, the daughter of Simeon and Henrietta (Hobbs) Brown. This good lady was born in Nelson County, Ky., Feb. 8, 1806, and by her union with Mr. Frans be- came the mother of 12 children, viz.: Henrietta, Harrison, Simeon, Margaret, Henry, Fauntleroy, Mary, Martha, Sallie, Josephine, Annie and Maria. Of these Henrietta, Mary, Annie and Maria are de- ceased. For ten years the subject of this biograpliy honorably filled the post of Sheriff of Knox County. As a consistent Democrat in politics, he won the ap- probation of his party and was always looked up to as a man whose judgment was worthy of consulta- tion. His widow resides on the old homestead, and by her amiability of character and the consistency of her life has secured a large number of stanch friends. -irklin Slater is one of the respected citi- zens as well as successful and energetic farmers of Sparta Township. His resi- dence is located on section 17, where he is diligently engaged in the most independent of all callings, and in which he is meeting with more than ordinary success. He was born in Chau- tauqua County, N. Y., April 8, 1838, his father being Jonathan and his mother Betsey (Whealon) Slater, both natives of Vermont. The father of our subject was a farmer, at which vocation he continued to labor during his lifetime. Their children were seven in number, named Perry, Julia, Mary, Albert, Kirklin, Susan and Benjamin. The mother died in Chautau- qua County, in 1852. In 1872, the father came to this State and made his home with his son, the sub- ject of this notice, and also with his son-in-law, Will- iam Palmer, until his demise, in 1874. Kirklin Slater was an inmate of their parental household until 24 years of age. His education was received at the common schools and supplemented by an academical course. On August 19, 1863, he enlisted in the ist Batt. N. Y. Sharpshooters, and was engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, North Anna River and Petersburg. At the last-named place he was wounded, in consequence of which he was confined to the hospital for ten months. -After con- valescing he joined his regiment and participated in the battle of Five Forks and did a great deal of picket and guard duty, and also skirmishing. He vvas also present at the time Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to U. S. Grant, at Appomattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865. He was in the army from Aug. -H- \ ^ KNOX COUNTY. 549 19, 1863, to July 10, 1865, and received ar honora- ble discharge at Washington, D. C. Returning home, he again engaged in farm labor and was thus occu- pied until the fall of 1865, when he came to this county, and for i8 months resided at Wataga, when he again returned to New York. In 1867, Mr. Slater visited Tennessee, and viewed the old battle grounds at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Chickamau- ga, when he again returned to York State and was married to Miss Catherine B. Mechling, in Butler, Butler Co., Pa. The date of their marriage was 1870, and the bride's parents were Christian and Susan (Robinson) Mechling, natives of Pennsyl- vania. After marriage, Mr. Slater and his bride came to this State and county and made settlement on sec- tion 17, Sparta Township, where he purchased 20 acres of land. He has since increased his acreage by an additional purchase of a 40-acre tract. On his farm he has a good residence, and in addition to his farm property has a house and lot in Wataga. Mr. Slater has made all the improvements on his place himself, has brought the land to a high state of cultivation and adorned the farm by the setting out of trees, etc. He and his wife are the parents of one child, a daughter, Sidney. Politically Mr. Slater votes with the Republican party. He is an enter- prising, wide-awake man, who generally accomplishes his undertakings, and is meeting with success in his chosen vocation. Jeremiah Mason, deceased, was a pioneer in Salem Township, and one of those men whose names are associated with the growth j.i and enterprise of Knox County. He was a ^r Pennsylvanian, and was born in 1803. While still young, his parents moved to Ohio, and settled in Stark County, in which section of country they were early settlers. He grew to manhood, and was there married to Eliza Sayler, of Pennsylvania. In 1844, he sold his interest and came West to Illi- nois, locating at Rushville. The journey was made across the country with a pair of horses and a wagon, besides one extra horse, which was hitched to a buggy. They spent the winter there, and in the spring of 1845 they removed to Farmington, where 'X he worked at his trade as blacksmith for two years. At the expiration of that time he purchased land on section 2, in Salem Township, wholly raw prairie, on which he built a log house. Removing his family in 1857, he lived there until 1867, when he sold out and went to Warren County, and there spent the remainder of his days. His death occurred Oct. 10, 1870, and his wife followed him seven years later. Of his first union were born two children, and the second marriage has resulted in the birth of n, six of whom still survive. ^^] ev. Vachel Metcalf is well known in Knox County as a man of high mental and moral attainments, and for his vigorous and pro- gressive attention to the religious interests of the section of country of which he is a resi- dent. His home is on section i, Salem Town- Rev. Mr. Metcalf was born in that part of- Richland County, Ohio, now known as Ashland, March 20, 181 1. His father, also named Vachel, was a native of Virginia, and born near the Potomac, < River. The grandfather of our subject, Amos Met- calf, was of English parentage, and probably was born in the old country. He-was a man of large pro- portions, being six feet and four inches in height. He figured actively in the Revolutionary War, and was proud of the distinction of serving under Gen. Wash- ington. He was present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, and was known as a brave and loyal soldier. He died in Ohio, about the year 1820. Our subject's father served in the Indian War for six years. He was a man of undisputed ability as a soldier and knew no fear. He was asso- ciated with Anthony Wayne, participating in many important battles^ in one of which he was severely wounded. He located in Ashland County, Ohio, in 1812, and was well known as one of the pioneers of that sec- tion. Purchasing timber land from the Government, he cleared a farm four miles from Ashland, to which he gave his attention up to the date of his death, in 1874. He departed this life at the ripe age of 90, having been blest with more tlian the usual years of mankind, and with the knowledge that he had been no idler in the battle of life. He was twice married. His first wife was Diana Green, of Lan- ^t«J2j2^(S^-— Isf ^4— ».^^!/3as»v -j E^^ ' lexander H. McKeighan, editor and pro- ^%J1' prietor of the Induilrial Banner, at Yates 1^^^ Ciiy, was born Aug. 13, 1S36, in Camden Vfif County, N. J. His father, Ale.xander Mc- fr Keighan, was a tiative of County .Antrim, Ire- ! land, and emigrated to the United States with his wife and one child in 1835. Ujwn arriving in this country he located in New Jersey, where he re- mained until 1849, the date of his removal to Fulton Couniy, 111. There he purchased a farm four rniles west of Farmington, upon which he remained until his death in June, 1877, aged 73 years. The maiden name of the senior Mrs. McKeiglian was Elizabeth Torrens, also a native of County Antrim, and the date of her birth was March 10, 1810. She still re- sides on the old homestead in Fulton County, and has become the mother of 1 2 children, ten of whom grew to attain the age of man and womanhood. All were born in America except the eldest son. Alexander H. was the second child of his parents' family, and was 12 years of age when he accom- panied his parents to Illinois and located in Fulton County. There he labored upon the farm and at- tended a district school, and for a short time a select school at Farmington. He remained at home until 1858, the date of his marriage to Sarah Berry. She was born in Indiana. At the time of his marriage our subject was teaching school, which occupation he followed for 20 years, teaching in the winter season and farming the remainder of the year. In 1879 he purchased a paper at Ipava, Fulton County. This he continued to run for 43 weeks, or until the year's subscription had been filled. He then removed to Yates City, where he has published the Industrial Banner since that time. In politics this paper sup- (wrled the Greenback party until 1884, when it ad- vocated the principles of the Prohibition party, but is now independent in all things. In 1878 K. H. McKeighan was a Greenback can- didate for Congress in the then ninth district, com- prising Fulton, Knox, Peoria and Stark Counties, receiving the largest vote ever cast for a Greenback candidate in his district, carrying several townships and wards. In 1S84, he was elected Chairman of the Greenback State Central Committee. He was also candidate for the State Legislature in 1882, and has been delegated to several of the State conven- tions in the interest of tlie Greenback party. He has made a canvas of the district at each election from 1878 to 1884. Of the children born to our subject and wife we give the following names: William A.,Merreitie V., Al- bert A. A. and Cora I. In 1881 Mr. McKeighan started a paper at Maquon, superintending the management of both of these journals. He spends from one to two days of each week at Maquon. In April, 1882, he opened a hotel, which his wife managed until the spring of 1885, when he closed out on account of ill- ness in his family. fr Ifobert MeCornack. The different residents of Knox County are distinguished for 'i-'^C^''' ^'^f'O"* ''^*^'* °f helpfulness and honor, re- \')%r fleeting back on themselves, in the building k) up of her success and advancement. One of I the more important factors of heriniernal ma- chinery has been the subject of this personal sketch, whose home is situited on'section 8, Copley Town- ship, and who has shown himself able and willing to forward all worthy and good things calculated to aid in the uprising and going forward of this section of country. The gentleman of whom we write was born in Scotland, Jan. 14, 1803, and is the son of Andrew and Jennette (McClymont) MeCornack, natives of Scotland. They came to America and made the home of their children their own until their death, Nov. 1 1, 1845, the mother dying at the age of 73 years, and 44- 552 KNOX COUNTY. the father Oct. 29, i860, at the age of 87. Their family circle was large, including 1 1 children, all of whom lived to be men and women grown, but only three of whom survive at the present time. Robert, the subject of our writing, is the second child, and he remained at home until he attained the age of 15. During this time he assisted in the home work, atttending tlie common school and gaining all the education he could in the interval, which, al- though not extensive, enabled him to make his way. In addition to this, his quick observation and his con- tact with the world caused him to become an agree- ably intelligent young man. At the age of 15, he left home and attended school. He then left his native land and went to London, and engaged as clerk in a dry goods store. There he continued for four years, and then became one of the partners, remaining as- sociated with the firm. He then sold and returned to Scotland and engaged in farming for the next seven years. At the expiration of this time he bade 1 adieu to Scotland and went to Nova Scotia in 1835, spending the winter in Canada. He then went to New ^york and from there to Illinois in 1836, and settled tin Copley Township, on section 7. There he pur- chased 160 acres of land, on which he built a small log house, i6x 16. He did the work himself, and '? rolled the logs with his own cattle, cutting and smoothing them to fit the floor. There he lived for a number of years, and then erected a brick house. This he sold, purchasing where he now lives to the extent of 700 acres. This was divided among his children, and he now lives upon 80 acres. He was married April 22, 1833, and has eight children — Elizabeth, Jessie A., Mary A., Sarah M., Robert, John, Jane and James. Jessie, Elizabeth and Sarah M. are now deceased. Mary A., now Mrs. Alex. Scott, has 13 children — Elizabeth, Jennette, Agnes, Margaret, Robert, John, William, Cassa, Mary, James, Walter, Ellen and Alice. The brother is now deceased. John united in marriage with Elizabeth Milroy, and both are deceased ; they had two chil- dren — Nettie and Mary. Jane who married Dr. B. F. Brown, with her husband, is deceased, and left five orphan sons — Edwin, Ely, Mark, Charles and Ar- thur. Robert married Mary Milroy, and he lost his wife by death; she was the mother of four children — Leon, Maggie, Jennie and May. Mrs. Robert McCornack died Dec. 14, 1849, and for his second wife he married Agnes, daughter of James and Mary (Borland) Anderson, Dec. 20, i860 ; they have one son — Alfred C. McCornack. Robert McCornack is Democratic in politics, and has held the office of School Director and Overseer of High- ways, and proven himself one of the most genial and helpful men in Knox County, besides being possessed of innate worth and substantial strength of character. With his wife he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a helper in religious work as well as in that of any other good character. — ' ^^ ^ |» tanton J. Merriss, one of our most suc- cessful farmers, who is also engaged in stock raising and breeding, is the subject of this sketch, and has for some time been a res- ident of Knox County and is one of its most reliable citizens. His home lies in Indian Point Township, and is situated on section 28. He is the possessor of 297 j4 acres of fine land, 280 of which are highly cultivated. Mr. Merriss may be con- sidered really as one of the pioneers of the State of V Illinois, as he faced the privations and hardships of those early days, when that now flourishing 'West consisted of prairie land. Our subject was born in Scott County, 111., Oct. 5, 1828, his father coming to the State in 181 8, where he first stopped at Springfield, and there remained for two years. From that city he went to Scott County, took up some land and passed two years. While a resident there he went back to his na- tive State, Ohio, where his marriage took place with Miss Eliza Piper, and the young couple immediately started for their home in Illinois. This was John B. Merriss, father of our subject, who was born in i8oo, and died in 1848, in Scott County, 111., of typhoid fever; his wife died May 13, 1831. They were the parents of three children — Bethuel M., Stanton J. and Charles. Mr. Stanton Merriss, of this writing, was the second son in order of birth of John B. and Eliza Merriss, and while still young was united in marriage with Miss Lavina Coltas, March 28, 1854. She was born in Scott County, 111., Dec. 7, 1838, and died Oct. 3, i860. To them were born four children — Icabenda R., who married John E. Edmunson ; Mary E., born Aug. 6, 1856, who married Samuel Cox; Francis S., born Feb. 12, 1859, who died in the t :r I KKOX COUNTY. sss •H^ following fall ; Mary E. died March 20, 1879; and Lydia L., who was born Aug. 10, i860, and died Dec. 25, 1885, of consumption. The latter was the wife of John Burnaugh ; she left one child, named Gertrude. Mr. Merriss formed a second matrimonial alliance, the other contracting party being Miss Indiana But- ler, Dec. 31, 1861. Miss Butler was born in Ohio, Oct. 4, 1835, and their marriage has been blest with the birth of two children — Sal lie, born Sept. 17, 1872, and Stanton E., born Dec. 22 1874. The parents of Mrs. Indiana Merriss are Eli and Sallie (Robinson) Butler, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. Merriss lost his second wife by death, Feb. 20, 1879. September 10, 1S79, Mr. M. united in marriage with Mrs. Sarah Bevins, a native of Illinois, who was born Feb. 22, 1842. Her parents' names were George W. and Sarah (Bloom) Lewis. The former was born in Kentucky in 1804, and the latter in 181 1, in the State of New Jersey. She departed this life May 10, 1870, leaving to mourn her loss five children — Sarah, born Feb. 22, 1842, in Vermilion County; Mary E., bom Sept. 12, 1847, who married Mr. Andrew Lackey, of Rushville, 111. ; Cornelius, born July 29, 1852, who now lives in Nebraska. Mrs. Lewis Mer- riss united in marriage with Mr. Jesse Bivens, Sept. 18, 1859, and his death occurred April 25, 1874. There were four children born of this marriage, all living — Sarah E. Bevins, born Jan. 6, i86t, is the wife of John E. Smith ; their home is in Knox County; John L. was born Sept. 5, 1862; Mary E., March 6, 1864, is the wife of Leonard J. Cutler, and their home is in Knox County, 111. ; Anna L., born April 27, 1868. Thomas Bevins, the father of Jesse, married a lady by the name of Anna Gundy. Both she and her hus- band were natives of Maryland. Jesse Bevins was born in Franklin County, Ohio, and came to Illinois while he was yet a youth. His parents died while he Was yet young. The names of Mrs. Merriss' grand- children are Daisy L., Claude Evert and Leroy R. Smith. George W. Lewis was a soldier in the Black Hawk War and also in the Mexican War. When the elder Mr. Merriss came to Scott County, there were but 20 settlers in 40 miles. The Merriss family is Irish on the paternal side. Mr. James B. Meriiss married his second wife, who was Caroline Matilda Draper, and by this union there were five children who lived to maturity. She died March 25, 1853. He was a Free- Will Baptist in religious belief Mr. S. J. Merriss received such education as the schools of his native county afforded, and was reared upon the farm. He purchased the land where he now lives in the year 1856, and moved here the year following. It was but slightly improved, and the build- ings, fencing, improvements and adornments have been the result of his own lalxjr with his own hands. The home of Mr. Merriss is one of culture and re- finement, his wife being an intelligent lady. He is an extensive breeder of Short-horn and Jersey cattle. Both he and his wife are active and useful members of the society in which they move, and he is an active member of the Missionary Baptist Church, of which he is an adherent. His wife is united with the Christian Church, and is an earnest Christian in soul and purpose. In politics Mr. Merriss is a Demo- crat. wan Larson. A summary of the lives of Vl^^fc, many of the residents of Knox County is jIIk'^ given in her records, and goes to show what claim may be made to genuine manhood, citi- zenship and a place among the active workers I in life. Among these none is better fitted to draw forth approbation than that of our subject, whose home is situated on section 1 1, Copley Town- ship, and who is an American by adoption and a farmer by occupation. Mr. Larson wjis born in Sweden, March 2t, 182 1, and his parents were Lewis and Christine (Swanson) Larson. They came to the United States in 1856, and settled at Bishop Hill, Henry Co., III., at which place the mother died in 1850. The father came to America and lived with the son Swan until his death, in 1859. The subject of this sketch was under the parental roof until he reached boyhood, being but 15 years of age, and attending school in the meantime. After leaving home he worked about on farms until became to America, in the spring of 1846. Here he re- mained working at farming in New York State, until August of the same year. He then came to Illinois, and, spending a few weeks in Copley Township, de- cided that he could find no location more desirable. •He then went to Bishop Hill, Henry Co., but only +> -e-?-^ SS6 JsTJVOX COUNTY. remained eight weeks. He then removed to La Fayette, Stark County, and stayed one year. Re- moving from there, he went to Galesburg and engaged to worlc in a wagon-shop. There he remained three years. He then went to Copley Township and rented land for i8 months, but the country was of delightful soil and climate, so, in partnership with his brother, the purchase of 160 acres was made. This land lay on section 2, in Copley Township, and there he lived for about two years. He afterward sold out his half to the brother, who remained on the place, while Swan Larson moved to Victoria village. There he purchased a house and lot. To this he added 80 acres in Walnut Grove Township, on sec- tion 36, and moved onto the same and lived there continuously for ten years. He has improved, beau- tified and modernized the place, until one would hardly know it for -the same; but after laying out this labor upon it he again sold, purchasing the spot where he now lives; 160 acres are included in the grounds, and to it he has since added 80 acres, and he now has an e.xtensive landed estate. He has a fine residence and barns on his place, costing him nearly $4,000. He was united in the bonds of wedlock with Miss Catherine Oleson, a native of Sweden, who was born on the 17th of May, 1830. Mrs. Larson is the daughter of Olaf and Catherine (Matson) Oleson. Mr. Oleson died in 183s, and the mother came to America in 1846, where she died the same year. Mr. and Mrs. Larson, of this writing, have a fam- ily of six children, all living and named as follows: Mary A., David E., Emma J., Frank A., Harvey E. and Henry V. E. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Larson are located as follows: Mary A., now Mrs. Sedarburg, is the mother of five children — Caroline E., Warner, Edna, Rena and Hester. David E. married Susan Swigart, and they are the parents of two children — Fred and Ruth B. Emma J., now Mrs. Swanburg, has three children — Lila A., Rosa E. and Edith C. Mr. Larson is among the foremost men in the county in shrewdness, thrift and enterprise, and he is well suited to any office to which he may be elected, and worthy the confidence of any who may bestow it upon him. He, with iiis wife, belongs to the Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church, and they take an active interest in the religous matters of the com- munity. In politics he is a Greenbacker, and holds strong, sensible ideas. He is Overseer of Highways, and under his management the public roads are in good condition, as whatever Mr. Larson undertakes will be well done. *r ^ aniel T. Wilson is Professor of the Nat- ural Sciences of Hedding College, Abing- (^ - don, which position he has held since the j^R, fall of 1884, previous to which he was Pro- \ fessor of the Higher Mathematics and Natural i Sciences from the fall of 1867 to the summer of 187 r. Prof.Wilson was born in Madison County, N. Y., March 28, 1836, and is the son of Hulit and Lydia (South worth) Wilson, the former of New Jersey and of Scotch-Irish parentage, and the latter of English progenitors and New England birth. Daniel T. Wil- son, when a boy, showed keen intelligence and dis- played commendable perseverance and application to his studies, and as educational advantages were granted him he took, first, a preparatory course at the Oneida Seminary, at Cazenovia, N. Y. and afterward a collegiate course at Evanston, III. He also took a V^ theological course in Garrett Biblical Institute, and was ordained Deacon in 1867, and in 1869 was pro- moted to the Eldership, holding the office of Deacon in the Rock River Conference. Two years prior to his ordination he served on probation, in connection with the conference spoken of, received the office of Deacon, was transferred to the Central Illinois Con- ference, and in 1869 received the office of Elder, as stated before. In the fall of 1867 he was appointed to his office at Hedding College. From 187 i to 1884, he served as pastor in various charges, and contin- ued his connection with this conference until the fall of 1884, when he entered Hedding College in his present capacity. In Evanston, he made the acquainance of Martha, daughter of Rev. Samuel Richardson, of McHenry County, and the two were united in marriage Sept. 27, 1866. Mrs. Wilson was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., and is a lady of high mental attain- ments and personal attractions. She was educated at the Woman's College, of Evanston, III., and grad- uated in the class of 1865. She was the teacher of English Literature in Hedding College, during the years 1867-68 and 1869-70. As may be supposed, this home, made lovely by t u KNOX COUNTY. 557 mutual respect and affection and more than ordinary endowments of mind, is an attractive spot. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have become the parents of six children, four boys and two girls : The eldest son, George A., was born Sept. 18, 1868; Frank M., July 25, 1870; Fred. T., Sept. i, 1S72; Nellie, March 23, 1876; Guy B., July 2, 1881; Halo, Sept. 10, 1883; Grace, born July i, 1878, and died Aug. 5 of the same year; and Justina, born Dec. 6, 1879, died July 21, 1881. Samuel M. Taylor, carpenter and builder, residing at Yates City, 111., was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., Dec. 5, 1817. His father, John Taylor, was a native of Phila- delphia, and born in 1791. His father, grand- father of our subject, James Taylor, hailed from the North of Ireland, and was of Scotch descent. r He came to America shortly after the close of the Revolutionary War, and for a short time resided in Philadelphia. He then removed to Westmoreland ^ County, where he procured a farm, and later removed to Indiana County, where, in 1839, his demise oc- curred. The father of our subject was reared to the honor- able calling of a farmer. His wife was Miss Ellen Miller, a native of the Emerald Isle, who came to the United States with her parents while yet a child. At the time of his marriage the senior Mr. Taylor settled upon his father's farm, but did not engage in the cul- tivation of the soil exclusively, as he was also engaged in teaming from Philadelphia across the mountains to Pittsburg. In 183a he sold his farm in West- moreland County and removed to Indiana County, where he secured a farm and lived on it until his his death, which took place in 1853. His wife sur- vived him several years, dying in 1879. The parental family consisted of six sons, five of whom are still living, our subject being the second in order of birth. Samuel was reared \x\yon his father's farm, remain- ing there until he was 13, when he went to Salts- burg, at which place he served an apprenticeship ot five years at the joiner's and carpenters trade. This trade he followed in Indiana County, until the year 1857, when he removed to the city of Pittsburg. There he continued to work at his trade until 1870. At the expiration of this time he came to Yates City, Illinois, where he purchased 19 town lots and 48 acres of prime land within the limits of Yates City. Mr. Taylor gives his entire attention to the prosecu- tion of his trade, and either rents his farm or has the same cultivated by hired labor. Our subject spared no money or effort toward the improvement of his property. He has built him a desirable residence and suitable stables. His farm is well provided with tile drain, which makes it exceedingly productive and increases its value. Dec. 29, 1839, our subject was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary Harbison. She was born in Indiana County, Pa., May 17, r8i7, and her demise occurred April 29, 1852. The result of this union was the birth of six children, of whom we give the following brief memoranda: Sarah E. became Mrs. William S. Richey, and her demise occurred in Chicago, Aug. 10, 1874; James M. resides at Chi- cago; Robert R. departed this life at Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 14, 1858; John died Feb. 8, 1854; Anna M. and Frank M. (twins). Anna died in infancy and Frank lives with his parents. Mr. Taylor formed a second matrimonial alliance April 2, 1857, this time with Mrs. Susan Smith. She -i was born in Indiana County, Pa., May 11, 1828, and \ | is the daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Gamble) j| McGough, and was first married to Robert M. Smith, J in 185 1. His demise occurred in January, 1855. By her first marriage she became the mother of two children— Alsin us M., who lives at Irving Park, 111., and Nannie, wife of Sylvester E. Kent, of California. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the Presby- terian Church. In politics our subject affiilates with the Republican party. ^adison C. Bates is a native of Illinois, ^r^Kuac/ l^orn in Morgan County, July 7, 1836. 1^^^ He is the son of Joseph H. and Nancy ;;^^ B. (Goodpasture) Bates, who are natives of -* Tennesee and of Scotch-Irish descent. The 1 father, Joseph H. Bates, was born May 4, 1806, while the birth of his wife, Nancy, took place Dec. 25, 1807. Their marriage was celebrated M.nrch \ i, 1828, in Overton County, Tenn. They came to Illi- nois in the summer of 1830, and located where the city of Jacksonville now stands, it being then little 5S8 KNOX COUNTY. more than an open prairie. Their first winter in the State was that known as the "winter of the deep snow." Moving subsequently to Adams County, in 1847, they remained there until the fall of i860, when they came to Knox County for the purpose of availing themselves of the advantages then offered by Cherry Grove Seminary for educating their chil- dren. In 1867, Cherry Grove Seminary was closed, hav- ing been merged into Lincoln College, located in that year at Lincoln, Logan Co , 111. Soon after Mr. and Mrs. Bates removed to that place, that they might continue the education of their children. There they still reside, surrounded by friends and enjoying the comforts of a competency secured by the frugal- ity and industry of their earlier years. Madison C, the seventh of a family of 14 children, was brought up on- his father's farm, having the ad- vantages of a common-school education, until in his 19th year. The following five years he spent in ob- taining an education and in leaching, attending during the time Cherry Grove Seminary, and spending one year at college. At the end of the first year he was compelled to give up the cherished idea of a college course on account of ill health. While at Cherry Grove Seminary he became acquainted with Miss Emma Latimer, whom he married May 16, 1861. Mrs. Bates is tlie daughter of Col. George Griswold and Rebecca (Drennan) Latimer. Col. Latimer was a native of Tennessee, and a son of Joseph Latimer. He was born Feb. 28, i8io, and descended on his mother's side from the New England family of Gris- wolds, whose history dates almost to Plymouth Rock, and many of whom were distinguished in the Revolu- tion and have since had national reputation. Col. Latimer, with his father's family, settled in Cedar Township, Knox County, in 1831, and was married to Rebecca Drennan, of Sangamon County, Oct. 25. 1832. He fought through the Black Hawk War. In founding and maintaining Cherry Grove Seminary, he gave liberally of both time and money. His early death, which occurred Feb. 5, 1848, was felt to be a great loss to both the school and the church of which he was a member, and in whose welfare he was deeply interested. His widow, twelve years afterward, married William Allison, Esq., of McDonough County, who died in August, 1878. Mrs. Allison was born Feb. 26, 1814, and is still living in Abingdon, where she is highly esteemed by all who know her, having always been noted for her hospitality and liberality. After their marriage in the spring of 1861, Mr. and Mrs. Bates rented some land and began farming, having barely means sufficient to begin housekeeping. They were, however, young and hopeful, and pos- sessed of the confidence of all who knew them. Mr. Bates very soon began in a small way to deal in cat- tle. With the first corn he raised he fed four steers through the winter, and sold them in the spring at $2.25 per hundred weight. However discouraging this beginning must have been, he followed it up with better success later. In the course of a few years he became the owner of a few acres of land. This he used only for grazing and feed lots. Fol- lowing mainly this one thing of feeding and grazing cattle, he has succeeded in adding to these first acres, until he now owns over a half-section of land, as good, perhaps, as there is in the county and highly improved, lying just north of Abingdon, and in the neigliborhood where he has lived all his married life. Although Mr. Bates has always lived in the coun- try, he has foT a good many years been identified with the business interests of Abingdon. He was -^ one of the prime movers in founding the People's Bank at Abingdon. This institution commenced operations Dec. i, 1879, he becoming a Director and. the first President. The capital was placed at $30,- 000, and in less than two years the stock was in- creased to $50,000. Mr. Bates' well-known char- acter for honorable dealing, promptness and fidelity in all his transactions contributed largely to the suc- cess of this business venture, which was assured al- most from the first. He continued President up to the close of 1883, when he resigned the position through pressure of other business. He was in- duced, however, by those associated with him in the bank's interest, to retain the office of Director. On the ist of September, 1885, the People's Bank was changed to the First National Bank of Abingdon, in which institution Mr. Bates still liolds a money inter- est, and to which he gives botli of his tmie and in- fluence. Mr. Bates is a Republican in politics, and in the years gone by was active in promoting the suc- cess of his party. He has at different times held office in the township, having been elected Supervisor for six or more years, besides holding the office of Road Commissioner for a long term of years, and J ^ .Jte OF THE l::iversity of ilu»'' :^rcMuM^ <^^^:^yib 3^^^^-^--^ ^^/^^^^-^^ \ y. ■5VERS?rVoF HUNT'S KNOX COUNTY. 563 having also filled other positions of trust. Mr. Bates is a strong advocate of temperance and other moral reforms. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bates united with the church while young, and have always been active in pro- moting the interests of religion. They are members of the Congregational Church and give liberally and cheerfully to the support of that church and to worthy charities. They are the parents of five chil- dren — George Griswold Latimer, born March 21, 1863; Eula Goodpasture, May 28, 1865; Mary Drennan, Feb. 22, 1S67; Harriett Myrtle, Feb. 27, 1S78, and Madison Clair, Oct. 26, 1881. The oldest of these graduated in June, 1885, at Knox College. where the next two are at present in attendance. ^F3 il illfard Evans. Conspicuous among the capable and enterprising men of Kno.x TowTJship, and known to one and all as a self-made man and one of substantial worth, is Willfard Evans, of whom this biography is written. He is said to be one of the most suc- cessful farmers in this entire section of country, and ,is greatly esteemed and respected from the fact that he has acquired a competency by his own efforts. The subject of this personal history was born in Washington County, Va., March 24, 18 14. His father, John Evans, was also a native of Virginia, and his mother's maiden name was Nancy Haw- thorne. When Willfard was four years old his parents moved to Mason County Va., where the father, in 1831, departed this life, and the child, who had lost his mother some years previous, was thus left doubly orphaned. At the early age of 13 years, when so many boys find time only for amusement, he entered the home of a farmer in Mason County, laboring faithfully four years for his board and clothes, and then, at the age of 17, started out to seek his fortune. He made his way laboriously into Ohio, in company with an uncle. Here he found employment in Ham- ilton County, and began work for the meager pit- tance of $6 and afterward $7 per month. Later, having proved his usefulness, his honorable inten- tions and his honest principle, his wages were in- creased. In 1835 he found he had saved from his earnings $200, and with this little all he went into Indiana, and purchased, in Elkhart County, 80 acres of unimproved land. Beginning work on his farm, he remained until the following winter, at which time he returned to Hamilton County, Ohio, where he worked until 1S38. Soon after this he went to the State of Mississi|)pi, where he engaged in shipping wood for five years. In 1843 Mr. Evans came to Knox County. He was a single man at this time, and was eng.-iged in chopping wood, getting out (X)sts and siditting rails. In 1846 he bought 160 acres of unimproved land on section 36, of Knox Township, and also 40 acres of timber land on section 7, of Persifer Township About this time, feeling the need of that sympathy and companionship which it seemed to him that marriage would bring, on Nov. 17, 1845, he wedded Eleanor Rambo. She was liorn in Gallia County, Ohio, Aug. 23, 1823, and was the daughter of Reu- ben and Charity (Haptonstall) Rambo. Her parents were both natives of Virginia, the mother being born in Greenbrier County, and the father also of that State, coming of German ancestry. Reuben Rambo removed with his family to Knox County in the fall of 1842, and settled in Persifer Township, where he \f carried on blacksmithing and farming until his death, w'.iich took place in 1851. His wife, the mother of Mrs. Evans, died prior to the death of her husband ; they had a family of five daughters and two sons, all living except one. In 1847 Mr. Evans and his young wife moved into a frame house which the husband had erected on his land, and he continued the improvements which he had begun by breaking up the land. In a short time he had it in a high state of cultivation, neatly fenced and in good order. He was from the first markedly successful, and was crowned vvith prosper- ity in all his undertakings. Continually adding to his iX)ssessions, he eventually owned 672 acres of land, his present property. Mr. and Mrs. Evans are the parents of a family of children, six of whom are living: Allen T., living in Knox Township; Nancy M., deceased; Almeria E.; Alice is the wife of Frank Mastin, and lives in Per- sifer Township ; Sarah C, deceased; Emma S. is the wife of Frank Johnson, and lives in Persifer Town- ship; Ida Augusta; Luella is the wife of Micha-jl Tarpy, whose home is in Ness County, Kan. The eldest daughter, Nancy, was born July 13, 1850, aiid united in marriage with Timothy West. She departed IT ^^- 564 KNOX COUNTY. this life Sept. 23, 1879, leaving four children to mourn her loss; three now reside with their grandpar- ents, and are by name as follows : Edna G., Oscar D. and Forrest E. W. Emma Gertrude died after coming to live with their grandparents. In politics Mr. N. was first a Whig, and on the or- ganization of the Republican party he became identi- fied with and a supporter of its principles. During the late war he was a stanch Union man. The portraits of Mr. Evans and wife appear on another page. on. Michael Dougherty, Postmaster at Galesburg, was born at Monongahela City, Pa., March 18, 1850. His parents, Thomas and Isabel (Campbell) Dougherty, natives of Ireland, at the close of the war of 181 2 were married in Pittsburg, Pa., came to lUinois in 1854, and lived in Fulton County, this State, the rest of their lives; the father dying in April, 1882, aged ^87 years, and his widow in February, 1883, aged 72 I years. Of the six sons and three daughters reared I by them, the subject of this sketch was next to the I youngest. He was educated primarily at the com- mon schools in Fulton County, and graduated from St. Vincent's College, Wheeling, W. Va., in the class of 1869. After he graduated in 1869 he began clerk- ing in the Baltimore & Ohio depot at Wheeling, W. Va., and remained in the employ of the railroad com- pany there up to the time of his return to Illinois in 1876. In 1876 he began reading law at Avon, this State, in the office of John M. Heller, walking from his home to the office and back daily, a distance of two and one-half miles, and paying for his board in labor. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, and at once began the practice of law at Avon. In 1879 he came to Galesburg, where he has since resided. Here he formed a law partnership with Hon. F. A. Willoughby, which continued up to his assuming the duties of Postmaster, since which time he devotes only such time to his law practice as his official duties will allow. As a lawyer Mr. Dougherty soon took rank with the leading members of the bar, and the law firm of which he was a member has had entrusted to its management some of the most important cases which have been tried in the courts of Knox County for years. In his prac- tice he is regarded as a safe counselor and painstak- ing lawyer. His mind has a peculiar judicial bent, and he is enabled to grasp a question quickly and analyze it thoroughly. As a pleader, his papers are prepared with thoroughness and accuracy, and thereby receive due recognition from the courts. As an advocate he ranks deservedly high. He is a pleasing, graceful and logical speaker. July 2, 1884, the Democratic Convention at Peoria nominated Mr. Dougherty, by acclamation, as their candidate for Secretary of State, and as that memor- able campaign already forms a part of the history of the State, it is not necessary to speak further of it in this connection. From early manhood Mr. D. has been more or less identified with the politics of the county. In 1882 he was placed at the head of the Democratic Central Committee of Knox County, and filled the position with much ability until appointed Postmaster, in April, 1885. Upon his assuming the duties of the office, the administration determined to secure new quarters for the post-office. A new and commodious building was erected and equipped with the best and latest improvements. This change the people of the city universally applauded. From the dingy old quarters occupied so many years by his worthy predecessor, Mr. Dougherty transferred the office to one of the brightest, handsomest and most convenient post-offices in the State of Illinois. Our subject was married at Galesburg, May 18, 1882, to Miss Jennie E. Brown, the accomplished daughter of James E. Brown, Treasurer of G. W. Brown & Co. Corn-Planter Works, and she has borne to him one child. ^3 •=r=H^ illiam R. Mathews, one of Knox County's prominent and successful farmers, resid- j^J>^ ing on section 4, Salem Township, is the ^r eldest sonof JohnandClarinda (Robertson) Mathews (see sketch). He was born in Fulton County, 111., March 8, 1839, and was an infant in his parents' arms when they came to Knox County. He grew to manhood in Salem Township and received his education in the home schools. The first building in which he attended school had previously served as a blacksmith-shop and granary. f KNOX COUNTY. 565 He took advantage of every opportunity for educa- tion offered in the district school, and thus fitted himself to teach at the age of 21. His first three terms of school were taught near his old home, and with that exception he has always been engaged in farming pursuits. Mr. Mathews was married Dec. 25, 1862,10 Esther Cratty. She was born in Delaware County, Ohio, May 5, 1841, and is the daughter of William and Candis (Bennett) Cratty. Our subject remained upon the home farm for about three years after his marriage, when he located on the place he now owns and occupies. The farm is under excellent cultiva- tion, the proprietor having improved it by the erection of substantial farm-buildings and continual tilling of the soil. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Mathews three children were born — Jennie, who died at the age of six years ; Charlie L. and Lewis E. Religiously our subject and his wife are members in high standing in the Presbyterian Church, Mr. Mathews having been Superintendent in the Sunday- school for 16 consecutive years. In politics he is a supporter of the Greenback party. His first vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln, but upon the forma- tion of the Greenback party he joined its ranks. He was one of the delegates to the State Greenback Convention at Peoria in 1880. ^^dward Young, a successful farmer and re- spected citizen of this county, resides on section 35, Knox Township, was born in ^j^ Persifer Township, Feb. 5, 1847, and is theson of Robert and Mary (Fowler) Young, whose sketch is given in this work. Mr. Young was brought up to the vocation of a farmer; received his education in the public schools of this county and supplemented the same by an attendance of three terms at Knox College, two terms at Wesleyan Sem- inary, Bloomington, and two terms at Abingdon College. After leaving college Mr. Young taught two terms of winter school, one in Persifer and one in Victoria Township, and, aside from that, his years have been devoted 10 agricultural pursuits. He was married Jan. 25, 1870, to Miss Hattie Wil- son, daughter of George and Rosana Wilson, who was born in Knox Township. After their marriage they located on his father's farm in Persifer Town- ship, where the honeymoon was passed, and where they continued to live and labor, with but one inter- est in common, until 1875. During that year our sub- ject removed with his family to the farm which he at present owns and occupies. The place at that time contained 78 acres, to which he added by subsequent purchase 68 acres, making his total acreage 146. He has a brick house on his farm, and a good, substan- tial frame barn, together with necessary sheds for the shelter of stock, and in his chosen vocation is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance are sure to bring. Their union has been blessed by the birth of four children, whom they have named Mary R., George W., Florence E. and Elmer L. Relig- iously Mr. and Mrs. Young are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Knoxville. {§.phraim Stonesipher was born in Adams County, Pa., June 19, 1818. His father, Solomon Stonesipher, was born in that part of Baltimore Co. now included in Carroll Co., Md. His father, the grandfather of our subject, Jacob Stonesipher, was also a native of the same county and of German descent. Our subject grew to manhood in his native county and was reared on a farm, receiving a good common-school educa- tion, which was supplemented by an attendance at the Academy at Littleton. Our subject was 16 years of age when he commenced to learn the trade of a plasterer, which he foUow'ed in Adams County for eight years, and then took up the butchering bus- iness, in which he continued for eight years. He disposed of his butcher-shop in the following year, and in 1856 came to Illinois, making a location in Knoxville. At this place he purchased a lot on Mill street, and erected thereon a dwelling, after which he engaged in his trade as plasterer until 1861. At this time he embarked in the grocery business with James P. Coons, the partnership existing about 18 years. A few months after he had disposed of his grocery store he purchased a half interest in a drug business with James Werlz. They soon added gro- ceries to their stock, the partnership existing for one year, when Mr. Stonesipher carried it on alone for about three years, after which he took charge of the ^-a- 4 566 XNOX COUNTY. 1 ^ la It store belonging to his former partner. For the last five or six years he has lived retired from active bus- iness in life. His residence is a handsome brick structure with all modem conveniences, and is lo- located on West Main street. Mr. Stonesipher was married in July, 1840, the lady of his choice being Miss Cordelia Mcllvain. She was born in that por- tion of Baltimore County now Carroll County, Md., Oct. 28, 1819. She is the daughter of William and Sophia (Messing) Mcllvain. Her father was a na- tive of Pennsylvania and of Scotch descent, while her mother was bom of German parents. Mr. and Mrs. S. are the parents of one daughter, now the wife of J. S. Brewer, of Kno.xville. Two children died in infancy. The third and youngest child, named William, was born Feb. 7, 1848, and died June 29, 1872. He was married to Mary Star- rett, who is a native of Sidney, Ohio. They had be- come the parents of one child, named Charles. Will- iam S. served in 1864, in the 138th 111. Vol. Inf., for 00 days, or from May until October. The widow of William S. married G. W. Hagy, who was born in Toronto, Kan. Mrs. Stonesipher, wife of our sub- ject, is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. S. is a Democrat. ' illiam H. Newell. Among the leading business men of Kno.x County may be reck- ,,_^ oned the subject of this sketch. He 2> is engaged in agricultural pursuits, which consist mainly of cultivating the home farm, J ' located on section 13, in Indian Point Town- ship. Mr. Newell was born in this county Dec. g, 1849, and is the son of Thomas and Louisa (Smith) Newell, the former of whom was born in Brown County, Ohio, Sept. 19, 1821, and is now living in Abingdon. He came to Illinois in 1828, is a retired farmer, with an interest in the banking business in Abingdon. In 1842, he married Miss Louisa Smith, whose birthplace was Vigo County, Ind., and the date of whose birth was May 17, 1824. Her parents were named respectively Hector and Mary (Sibley) Smith. She was of English extraction, and her hus- band came of Scotch lineage. Mr. Newell is the father of six children, by name Sarah A., John W., Julia M., Harriet E. and Kate E. He was united in marriage with Miss Salina Meek, April 4, 1880, who was born April 12, 1854, in Knox County. Her father and mother were Daniel and Salina (Dolph) Meek. He was born in Kentucky, in 1803, and she in New York State in 1826. He was one of the first settlers in this county. He died in 1872, and she in 1854, in Knox County. To them were born five children, viz. : Elizabeth, who married Marion Reynolds, and now lives in Ab- ingdon ; Harriet, who married Mr. George Mosher and lives in Galesburg; Sanford, who married Miss Sally Shumaker, and lives in Piano, Iowa, and Thena, who is the wife of Mr. Oliver Fitch and lives in Mad- ison, Wis. Mr. Newell, Jr., has but one child, a daughter, who is a beautiful and affectionate little girl, and the pet and pride of her parents. He has been very suc- cessful in his chosen vocation and owns a number of fine Galloway cattle. He also owns one bull, Peter Davie, No. 1007, born May 26, 1884. Mr. N. now has a herd of five head. He is besides engaged in ' the raising of Poland-China hogs. In the year 1875, he went into the drug and med icine business, which he followed for two years. He ^ then sold out to Mr Brown, buying a stock of ready- made clothing from T. L. Terry, and continuing in this for five years, in which time he received hearty patronage from his friends and neighbors. At the end of that time he sold out and went to farming, and now owns 80 acres of fine land under a high state of cultivation, on which stands an attractive and convenient dwelling-house, two stories in height, which was erected at a cost of $4,200, and is consid- ered one of the handsomest in the neighborhood. He is an active public worker, wide-awake to the polit- ical situation, and votes the Republican ticket. f P?^[,ilton Lawrence. As a representative cit- V '- ^lik^ , izen of the agricultural class of Knox ' : '"^ County and a gentleman of sterling worth and integrity, we take pleasure in giving the •1' tew following facts regarding the life of Milton 'j Lawrence. He is at this time residing on his fine farm on section 21, Elba Township, where he is industriously engaged in his chosen vocation. Mr. Lawrence came to this county in February, 1 86 1, from Monkton, Addison Co., Vt., and settled -H- KNOX COUNTY. 567 in Elba Township, where previous to that time he had purchased a tract of land containing 290 acres. On that identical t'ract he has continued to reside until this writing, and by economy and energy, com- bined with the active co-operation' of his wife and children, has increased the same to 320 acres, 160 of which are under an advanced state of cultivation. Mr. Lawrence was born in Monkion, Addison Co., Vt.,on the i3th of February, 1S16. He is the son of Diah and Lucretia (Peck) Lawrence. From the time he was ten years of age until he was 40, he was engaged, at least the major ixsrtion of the time, in running a saw -mill and farming. In 1848 he began shipping stock and produce to Boston, and was thus occupied for 12 years. He was also engaged in the charcoal business for about seven years, from 1846 to 1853. Milton Lawrence was married in Monkton, Vt., Feb. 14, 1838, to Sylvia Atwood, a native of that place and daughter of Almond and Amanda Atwood, natives of Vermont, where they lived and died. She bore him nine children — Lucius A., Lucretia A., Eliza C, A. Judson, Carlton M., Samantha, Phinney M., Alma O. and Almond A.; Lucretia, Alma, Eliza and Judson are deceased. Lucius resides in Yates City; Lucretia was the wife of Thomas Rowland and departed this life in December, 1882, in Kansas; Eliza married Holland B. Frye and died at Oherlin, Ohio, June 14, 1875; Adoniram Judson died in Elba Township; Carlton resides in Yates City; Samantha is the wife of T. C. Mathews, a resident of Kansas; Phinney is also living in that State and a resident of Clay County ; Alma died in Elba Township when about eight years of age ; Almond A. is living on the home farm in Elba Townsliip. The good mother and dutiful wife died in Ver- mont, March 25, 1857, and Mr. Lawrence was again married at Monkton, that State, Nov. 15, 1858, to Ellen, daughter of Martin and Maria (Broivn) Phin- ney, also a native of the Green Mountain State. Of the latter union five children have been born, and named George B., Uwight F., Harris P., Burley B. and Otis J. Mr. Lawrence is a Baptist in religious belief, and in his politics has voted with the Republican party since its organization. Since coming to this county he has devoted his time exclusively to agricultural pursuits, in wliich he has met with far more than ordinary success, and in this, the sunset of his life, he is surrounded by a happy family in a pleasant home. The Lawrence family in this country are descended from three brothers who came from England to the Colonies in alwut 1666 and settled in Massachusetts. One brother went to Connecticut, and from him the present family has sprung. The family is an old one and prominent in the early history of New En- gland. The present Lawrence family still occupy the old homestead in Lexington, Mass., where their ancestors settled over 200 years ago. i!jj?Vj|SHl8on Adams, proprietor of the Comnier- ^i ^^ffli if cial Hotel, Yates City, was born in Frank- '^te lin County, Ohio, Dec. 8, 1843. His J*^> father, William Luther Adams, is a native ">V^ of Delaware; the grandfather of our subject V was also born there. The senior Mr. .'Vdams was about ten years of age when his parents moved i to Ohio and located in Franklin County, where they were among its earliest settlers. The maiden name \ of the mother of our subject was Nancy J. Timmons, - a native of Ohio. The parents located in Franklin | County, in the winter of 1847, whence they removed to Illinois and settled in Fulton County, and at J which place they resided for three years. At the expiration of that time, in 1850, they emigrated to Knox County, making Maiiuon Township their home for the succeeding 12 years. In 1862 we find them in Yates City, which place is still their home. Mr. Adams was a lad of four years when he ac- companied his parents to Illinois, and seven when they removed to Knox County, which he has since made his home, with the exception of two years si)ent in Nebraska. In May, 1862, our subject enlisted in Co. F, 67th 111. Vol. Inf, and served 3 months and 27 days, when he received an honorable discharge. Upon his return home he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a harness-maker, in Yates City. This completed, he entered into business for himself, which he oper- ated successfully until 187 i, when he emigrated to Johnson County, Neb. Returning in the fall of 1872, he again established himself in business, but in April, 1885, abandoning his trade, he opened an hotel, which he very successfully carried on. Dec. 2, 1866, Wilson Adams selected for a wife n:^ ^^ 4> 568 KNOX COUNTY. *>^ Rebecca J. Kerns, daughter of Alexander and Ma- tilda (Moore) Kerns, pioneers of Knox County. Miss Kerns was born in Knox County Oct. 23, 1846. The issue of this union has been the birth of one child, a son, Frank L. In politics our subject is a genuine Republican, for which party he never fails to cast his vote. He is a member in high standing of the Masonic fra- ternity, belonging to Yates City Lodge, No. 448, Eureka Chapter, and Council No. 48. ^' ewis Larson. Among the permanent set- tlers of Knox County and the substantial citizens of worth and ability may be found the subject of this personal sketch, whose home is situated on section 12, in Copley Township. He settled in this part of the country at an early day, and with pioneer bravery adapted himself to all the inconveniences incident to that period, and succeeding events have shown him to be worthy of >^ the success he has attained. Mr. Larson was born in Sweden, July 29, 1826. His parents were Lewis and Christine (Swanson) Larson. They were natives of Sweden and came with their family to America in 1846. Landing in New York, they started for Henry County, 111., where they remained until 1858, and then, coming to Knox County, lived here until r869, when his death occurred. The mother died in r85o, in Henry County, and left a family of eight children, as fol- lows : Julia, Catherine, Peter, Christine, Ann, Swan, Martha and Lewis, of whom we write. Up to the time of coming to America he worked at farming, but in rSso he started with a company of his own countrymen to Califorijia, and there engaged in min- ing. At this he continued two years, meeting with fair success. After returning to Illinois he settled with his brother Swan on section 2, Copley Town- ship, and purchased 160 acres. This farm they worked together for two years and then divided, Lewis purchasing his brother's interest, and on the homestead thus obtained he faithfully labored for ten years. Mr. Larson has largely improved his farm by erecting a fine house and all necessary and conven- ient buildings besides. His land is all fenced^ , \. broken and cultivated. In 1865 he sold his original purchase and bought 160 acres on sections i and 12, and has since added 160 acres adjacent to that. He has built thereon the house standing on section 12, and has add&d all modern improvements that the mind of a man whose heart is in his work can sug- gest or the hand execute. He is a self-made man, whose efforts in the battle of life have been unaided by any legacy, and to-day he is wealthy and ranks high in the community. He values his land at $60 per acre. His occupation is mixed farming. Mr. Larson was married Feb. 2, 1855, to Miss Christine Oleson, a native of Sweden, who was born July r2, 1834, and is the daughter of Olaf and Martha (Johnson) Oleson, who came to America in 1846 and settled in Henry County. They afterward removed to Copley Township, in Knox County, pur- chasing 20 acres of land on section 22. He died at the residence of his son-in-law in r878; the mother had died in 1859. Mr. and Mrs. Larson have a family of five children — Henry G., Justus A., John VV , Victor T. and Ida M. Henry G. married Miss Emma Burg, and they reside in Kansas, where he^ is engaged in farming. Mr. Larson is a useful and active member of the society in which he moves. He is a Greenbacker in politics. He is Pathmaster and one of the lead- ing men of his township and county. With his wife he is a consistent member of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church, the faith of which body he sup- ports and lives under. ^g^J#isii« \\ ucius A. Lawrence, the subject of this biography, is a prominent merchant of Yates City, and a lumber dealer, and stands high among the people of Knox County as a man of sterling character and good business ability. He was born in Hinesburg, Chittenden Co., Vt., June 26, r84o, and was the eldest child of Milton and Sylvia (Atwood) Lawrence (see sketch). Our subject was but a child when his parents moved to Addison County and located at Monkton, where he grew to manhood. He was reared on the farm and received his early education in the dis- trict schools and subsequently in HinesburgAcademy, where he attended two terms. In i860 he came to ^-4 KNOX COUNTY. 569 Knox County with his people, they locating in Elba Township, and in the winter of 1860-61 he taught school in Salem Township. Mr. Lawrence, at the time of his country's call for men, immediately responded, and Aug. 7, 1862, enlisted in Co. H, io2d 111. Vol. Inf., and served until June 15, 1865. The load was brigaded with the 105th and 129th Illinois, 70th Indiana and 79th Ohio, Brig. Gen. W. T. Ward commanding, ist Brig. 3d Div. 20th Army Corps. It was a part of the Army of the Cumberland, and did garrison duly at Frankfort and Bowling Green, Ky., Gallatin and Lavergne, Tenn., and participated in the Atlanta campaign, and in all the important battles from Chattanooga 10 Atlanta, as well as the siege of that city. After the fall of Atlanta he became danger- ously ill, and was taken into the hospital, and in the following January (1865), having fully recovered, was sent to New York, thence to Beaufort Islands, S. C, and from there to Blair's Landing. He then re- mained in camp until tidings were brought from the army under Gen. Sherman, and then marched across the country, joining the command at Goldsboro, N. L C. With this command he continued until the close n of the war, and marched with his regiment via Rich- mund to Washington, where he participated in the grand review. The regiment was mustered out with all the honors of war, June 6ih, at Washington, and Mr. Lawrence was discharged at Chicago June 15, '865. On his return home Mr. L. taught school for three successive winters, farming the remainder of the time, and after tliai gave his entire attention to agricult- ural pursuits. In 1877 he rented the farm which he had purchased in Elba Townsliip in 1868, and removed to Yates City. In September, 1882, he pur- chased the entire interest of W. T. Wells in the lum- ber business, in which he has been actively engaged since that time. He has proved himself a worthy member of so- ciety and has taken his place in several local offices. He was elected President of the City Council in 1878- 79, and was Justice of the Peace in 1880, '81 and '82. On the 2 1 St day of March, 1869, Mr. Law- rence was united in marriage to Mrs. Charlotte M. Baird, nee Wheeler. Her husband, D. H. Baird, was a soldier in the late war and a member of Co. H. io2dRegt. Ills. Vol. Inf., and fell at the battle of Resaca. Mrs. Lawrence is the daughter of Moses and Cynthia Wheeler, old settlers of Knox County. By her former marriage she had one daugh- ter, named Ida E., wife of Hugh A. Sloan. By the union of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence there have been five children, three of whom are living. The names of the latter are Alma E., Edwin P. and Arthur J. The two deceased were twins, named Cynthia May and Sylva June. Both died in 1878, at the age of five months. The parents and two of the children are active members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. L. is a solid Republican and stands stanch and true to his principles. At the last mu- nicipal election Mr. Lawrence was elected President of the City Council of Yates City. He is a member of Dan. McCook Post, No. 53, G. A. R., Elmwood, Illinois. rs. Agnes McKie. In selecting a site for a home which shall include both conven- ience and fertility of soil, none could be better chosen than most of the farms in Knox County, and among these the lady of whom this personal history is written claims one of the best. It lies on section 4, in Copley Township, and was left her as a legacy by her de- ceased husband, Thomas McKie. The late Mr. McKie was born in Scotland, Jan. 31, 181S, and died at his home April 18, 1883. His parents were William and Jenette (Murray) McKie, natives of Scotland, who died in their native land. Mr. Thomas McKie came to .America in 1839, and settled in Knox County, in Copley Township, on sec- tion r I, where he purchased 160 acres and there lived until 1872. On section 4 he purchased 160 acres, where he passed the time up to his death. He was a member in good and regular standing of the Presbyterian Church, and departed this life in the full assurance of a better home, in that " house not made with hands." In jwlitics he was a Republican, and was a deep, earnest thinker and a welcome aipii- sition to the party to which he was allied in sentiment and vote. He held the office of School Director for some time, and also other township offices, and was always helpful to Sunday-schools and churches, so- cieties for charity of diflferent kinds, and in fact to. any worthy and good enterprise. He was united in marriage in Scotland, March 9, 57° — lU . KNOX COUNTY. 4 4-K 1852, to Miss Agnes Ferguson, who was the daugh- ter of John and Mary (Davidson) Ferguson. They were natives of Scotland, and had a family of two children, by name Jenette and Agnes. The paients died in their native home. Mrs. Agnes McKie was born Nov. 10, 1825, and had but one son— William V. He was born April 23, 1863, on section 16, in Copley Township. He has always remained at home and has received a liberal education, so that he is a highly cultivated and intel- ligent young man. He at present has charge of the farm and is also engaged in stock and grain raising. He is a keen, quick thinker, and a ready speaker for a young man, and is Republican in belief; and al- though years have not yet added the touch of expe- rience to him nor whitened his locks, though his firm, strong form stands erect the image of his Maker, he is one of the representative young men of the county and will live to be the support and stay of his moth- er's declining years, knowing that there is no nobler mission than to fulfill the command, " Honor thy father and thy mother." Mrs. McKie still resides I on the home farm, and both she and her son are 4 members of the Presbyterian Church, bound together not only by devoted motherly and filial love, but by that bond of Christian sympathy and tender affec- tion " which in honor preferreth one another." ~vv^.. :=:=ggr ; :.■ ' ^ raneis Coleman, one of Knox County's f energetic and successful farmers, residing '^ on section 12, Victoria Township, was born in Mercer County, Pa., iMarch 12, 1844. He is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Albin) Coleman, natives of the Keystone State. The parents, upon their arrival in Illinois, in 1855, made their first purchase of 160 acres on section 30, Victoria Town- ship, to which they subsequently added by purchas- ing 320 acres. The father of our subject for 20 years was local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was elected Supervisor of the township, but did not qualify. Mr. Samuel Coleman resided on his purchase until his demise, in 1875. Their family consisted of 14 children, to of whom are still living, our subject being the youngest but one. Francis Coleman, of this brief notice, assisted his father in the farm duties until 27 years of age, when, in 1883, he purchased for himself 80 acres. He was also the recipient of a like acreage given him by his father in 1870. Out subject has been extensively engaged in the raising of grain and stock, and since 1884 he has made a specially of the breeding of Short-horn cattle. Mr. Coleman's marriage to Miss Susan Johnson took place March 9, 1871. She was a native of Knox County and the daughter of Ransler and Erne- line (Wilkinson) Johnson, natives of Virginia and Ohio. The parents of Mrs. Coleman were married in 1849, in Knox County, at which place they re- sided until their death, in 1883 and 1876 respect- ively. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are now five in number — Harriet, Susan, Jason, James and Edith. Mr. Johnson was the first Justice of the Peace in Truro Township, performing the duties of that office for 25 years. He was also School Di- rector, and ranks among the substantial and highly respected citizens of Truro. Fredrick C. and Edith I. are the names of the children born to our subject and wife. In political affinity and belief Mr. C. is a Republican, and has held the office of Pathmaster for three terms, and is recognized as one of the leading men of this part of Knox County. arfleld B. Todd, a goodly land-holder, suc- cessful farmer and respected citizen of this county, residing on section 25, Lynn Township, was born in Frederick County, Md., Feb. 23, 1837. He came to this county with his parents in i8sr, and later he went to California, where he died in June, 1880. His wife died at Galva, 111, Sept. 26, 1871. Mr. Todd is the oldest living child of his parents, Vachel B. and Susan (Brown) Todd, who were par- ents of five children. He lived at home until his marriage, which event took place in February, 1862, in Lynn Township, Miss Euphenia Lafferty becoming his wife. Miss Lafferty was born in Lynn Town- ship, Oct. 28, 1838, and is the daughter of John and Sallie (Slocum) Lafferty, natives of Pennsylvania and New York respectively. Her father was a farmer by vocation, and came from Ohio eight years after his marriage. After John Lafferty 's arrival in this county he at once made settlement in Lynn Town- ship on a tract of uncultivated land, and was occu- ITLAJT i^ KNOX COUNTY. 57' pied in its cultivation until the date of his deuiise, in July, 1867. The mother survives and is yet a resident of the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Todd have nine children: John married Miss Emma Reed, and resides in California ; Susan became the wife of F. L. Billiard, who is liv- ing on Mis. Todd's farm in Lynn Township; Anna married John Dryden, a farmer in Stark County ; Nellie, Jennie, Emma, Charlie, Benjoe and Upton live at home. Since his marriage Mr. Todd has lived in this county in V^ictoria and Lynn Town- ships. He was Supervisor five years and also held the office of Collector. In politics he is an active, working Democrat. He and his wife are owners of 320 acres of good land, and their home farm is under an advanced state of cultivation, having all the nec- essary improvements upon it, and where they live enjoying life, surrounded by their happy family. Mr. Todd is a member of Stark Lodge, No. 501, A. F. & A. M., and Kewanee Chapter, No. 47,R. A. M ,at Kewanee, Henry County. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Co. B, 37th 111. Vol. Inf., for three years. He was Orderly Sergeant for seven months, when he was discharged for partial paralysis of the right side. He came home and enlisted again in the 69th 111. Vol. Inf , and upon the organization of the company was elected First Lieutenant ; served for four months and did garrison duty at Camp Douglas, Chicago. In 1864 he was drafted and assigned to Co. A, 36th 111. Vol. Inf. He served nine months, and was in battle at Spring Hill and the two days' fight at Franklin, and was discharged in June, 1865. |>,rs Annie McClang is the relict of Will- iam McClang, who was born March 24, h -1^?- ^ 1842, and died Feb. 2, 18S4. He was a I ^■^\ native of Sweden, and emigrated to America * ^ in 1865. He settled in Copley Township, on sec- tion 15, and laid the foundations of a home. He lived on the same until 1878, and then purchased 80 acres on section 16, and on this remained until his death. William McClang was married to Miss Annie Hanson March 22, 1866. She is the daughter of Hans and Christina Hanson. They are natives of Sweden and came to America in 1849, settling on . •* section 15, in Copley Township. They purchased 80 acres of land, where they lived until called by death to the land beyond the stars. They had but one child, a daughter — Annie, now Mrs. McClang. In (wlitics the deceased was a Republican, and was a good, solid man of native force and ability, of a courteous and affable manner, and his loss was deeply deplored in the community. He was a mem- ber of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church, as is also his wife. Mrs. McClang has shown herself to be possessed of a good degree of firmness and force, and still manages the farm left her at her husband's death. Jf^^^'ohn W. Dawdy. Among the more useful w^Mlf citizens in a local way, and prominent f^'^*^ among the enterprising and able farmers of ^ Knox County, may be found the subject of this 'ir biography, whose farm is situated on section 17, Y* in Indian Point Township, and who is worthy of some degree of notice for his active energy in his particular line of labor, which has met with flatter- ing success. A few of the details of his career are enumerated in the ensuing paragraphs. Mr. Dawdy, besides being engaged in general farming, is interested in the breeding of blooded stock and Short-horn and thorough-bred cattle, Nor- man horses and Poland-China hogs. He commenced breeding fine stock in the jear 1875, first buying of J. S. Latimer two cows of thorough-bred pedigree. After he had continued in this occupation of stock- growing and shipping for some time, he learned that their former owner had kept the business for 20 years, generally shipping to the Chicago markets, and also to breeders in the West, to Te.xas, Colorado, Wyo- ming, Nebraska and Kansas, and other points, his sales aggregating 1,000 head. Meadow Farm, sit- uated three miles soutii of Abingdon, has a herd of 75 liead — 19 bulls and 56 cows. Baron Airdrie, at the head of the herd, in Vol. 29 of the Herd-book, represents these families : Young Mary's, Young Phyllis and Miss Wiley, Louan, White Rose, Brace- let and Daisy. Baron Airdrie is three years old, dark-red in color and weighs 2,000 pounds. Mr. Dawdy has at all times in hand young cattle for sale of both sexes of thorough-breds. Meadow Farm in- cludes 320 acres of land devoted to raising grain and i u ■•—I f 572 KNOX COUNTY. stock. It possesses a spring of living water, and in- cludes a fine barn, 24 x 66 feet, and a good, comfort- able dwelling-house. Mr. Dawdy was united in the bonds of matrimony with Sarah J. Latimer, the nuptials being celebrated in 1868. Mr. Dawdy is a native of Kentucky, born in 1840, on the 25th of March, and his wife was born May 7, 1847, in Knox County. She was the daughter of A. Latimer, a native of Tennessee, who was born Sept. 9, 1807, and who married Julia Hart, born in Illinois in 1817, and died in 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Latimer were born four children, two girls and two boys — Washington K., Pleasant H., Sarah J., the wife of Mr. Dawdy, and Cora A. Mr. and Mrs. Dawdy became tlie parents of six children; three are living and three deceased, viz. : Drennen L., born March 19, 1869; Nerval M., Sept. 25, 1872; twins who died in infancy, and Daisy, born Jan 4, •875- Mr. Dawdy has held the office of Constable for some years, is a member of the Masonic fraternity at Abingdon, to which he has belonged for 25 years. ' He is also a member of one year's standing of the I A. O. U. W. Mrs. Dawdy is a consistent member of the Congregational Church at Abingdon, whose tenets she upholds and reduces to practice in her life. Mr. D. is a worthy citizen, a strong man polit- ically, and a Douglas Democrat. I illiam S. Kleckner. Among the leading agriculturists of Elba Township is the sub- ject of this sketch, residing on his fine farm on section 35. He came to Knox County in 1856, from Hancock County, Ohio, and worked out almost nine years in Sa- lem Township. Our subject enlisted in September, t86i, in the 8th Missouri Regiment, and served one year and four days, when he received an honorable discharge. Upon his return to Knox County he re- sumed the business of an agriculturist, and was thus occupied for two years, at the end of which time he returned to Elba Township, where he worked for three years and then removed to Salem Township, where he sojourned until the spring of 1885. He then purchased the farm in Elba Township uiion which he is at present residing. Mr. Kleckner is the owner of 295 acres of excellent land under an ad- vanced state of cultivation. Our subject was born in Carroll County, Ohio, Dec. 31, 1835, where he lived until 20 years of age, and from there he came to Wayne County, 111. In the latter county he remained for one year, after which time he came to Knox County. He was married March i, 1865, in Elba Township, to Rhoda West. (See sketch of John West.) Mrs. Kleckner was born in Clinton County, Ohio, May i, 1840, and was six years of age when her parents removed to Knox County. Mr. and Mrs. K. are the parents of five children — Arthalia A., Lena I., Lora C, Earl L. and Pearl L. Our subject has held the office of Road Com- missioner for six years in Salem Township. He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., and belongs to Dan McCook Post, No. 53, G. A. R., of Elm- wood, 111. In politics he is a firm adherent of the principles of the Republican party. ||^S^I nson Sornberger is one of the representa- |r%^jf tive citizens and progressive farmers of •ll^ Knox County. His home is located on l^llj^ section 11, Copley Township. He was born W" April 24, 1817, in Delaware County, N. Y., I and his parents were George and Katie (Wol- cott) Sornberger, natives of New York. They were farmers by occupation and had a family of 13 chil- dren, of whom the subject of our sketch was the youngest. His father was a teamster in the Revo- lutionary War, who came from his home to Illinois in 1838 and settled at Victoria with his family. Anson Sornberger took up 63 acres of land on section 11, in Copley Township, which he improved by fencing, building a log house, setting out trees, etc., and in this pleasant little home, cozy notwith- standing its inconveniences, they lived until 1850. At that lime he sold out and purchased the place where he now lives, including 160 acres and 40 acres of tiiTiber land. On the t6o acres he has made all the improvements possible and values his land at $65 per acre. His parents made their home with him up to the lime of their deaths, which occurred in 1841 and 1846 respectively. He has been more than successful in his chosen field of labor, and has *1r KNOX COUNTY. 573 a branch interest in the raising and shipping of stock. Mr. Sornberger was united in marriage in 1840 with Miss Catherine Wilbur, who was born in Coo- perstown, N. Y., in 18 14, and is the daughter of John and Dorothy (Frymyer) Wilbur. Her parents were natives of New York and lived in that State up to the time of their death. Mr. and Mrs. Sornberger are the parents of ten children, four of whom are de- ceased: George M., Charles D., Ford W., Alexan- der, Cass and Loue E. Those deceased are Willie, Clare. Henry and Jordan. George M. is the husband of Frances Sydam and they have seven children — Clarence, George A., Lolette, Mary, Claude, Floyd and Grace. Charles married Marion Clarke, and they are the parents of two children — Clifford and Clyde; Mrs. Sornberger died in 1879, and her husband remarried. His sec- ond matrimonial alliance was with Irene Brown. Henry was the husband of Emily Files, but died in 1870. Jordan united in marriage with Hannah Woolsey and they were the parents of two children — Minerva C. and Harold J. ; Jordan died in May, 1878. Ford W. married Viola Abernathy; she is deceased and he was again married, to Viola Childs, who has borne him two children — Bertha and Ella A. Alexander married Frances Clarke and they have two children — Lillias K. and Susie M. Cass mar- ried Isabelle Cummings; they have one child. Mr. Sornberger is a Greenbacket in politics and has been Commissioner of Highways and Overseer of the Poor for some time. With his wife and daugh- ter he is an earnest member of the Congregational Church, of Victoria, and is one of the best and most helpful men that the county contains. Chomas Junk. Resident on a farm situated on section 2, Henderson Township, we find the subject of this narrative, and give in the ensuing biography some of the more im- portant points in his personal and family record. He is cited as being one of the most enterprising and successful citizens of Knox County, and as a useful man and prominent in industrial pursuits. The gentleman of whoii we writ? came to Knox County, in April, tSjd, from Fayette County, Pa., where he was born March 27, 1833, and where he hved until 23 years of age. He was an intelligent youth, {x>ssessed of industry and perseverance, had made the most of his school advantages and had ac- quired a tolerable education. He was alwsys ob- serving of that which was going on around him, and e.xhibited much mechanical genius. Hence, after coming to Knox County, he adopted the carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. During these months of tuition he labored faithfully to perfect himself as an architect. He afterward assumed fine contracting and made his acquire- ments profitable. He erected a fine set of buildings for himself on his pro|)erty of 270^^ acres in Knox County, saving, by his knowledge of architecture, a large outlay. The greater part of his land is pro- ductive and tillable, and he has possessions in Ne- braska besides. To his agricultural pursuits he has added the business of stock-raising, and gives the breeding of blooded horses especial attention, keeping an average of about 29 head of horses, 40 head of cattle and 100 head of hogs constantly on hand. Mr. Junk was united in marriage with Miss Maria, «< daughter of David and Rachel (Parks) Kilgore, na- tives of Pennsylvania, in Henderson Township, Nov. 10, 1859. Her parents had passed most of. their lives in the State of Pennsylvania, and there her mother died. The father then went to Virginia, where he survived his wife a number of years, finally removing to Missouri, where he died. Mrs. Junk, wife of our subject, was the third child in a family of seven children, and was born in Frank- lin County, Pa., April t2, 1839. She is the mother of seven children, viz.: Jessie E., Frances M., James E., William S., Minnie E,, David K. and Sarah E. Jessie is the wife of John Nisley, and resides in Clay County, Neb. ; she is the mother of two children — Nellie E. and Burt R. The other children are all at home. Mr. Jimk is active in local business affairs, and keenly interested in educational matters. He has been School Director and Trustee of the district school for a number of years. Mrs. Junk is a con- sistent and lowly Christian, living a gentle, unas- suming life and united in membership with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her husband makes no religious professions, but maintains a respectful belief in all morals and genuine goodness, and is -H- t 574 KNOX COUNTY. possessed of large sympathy and kindly chanty. Politically, he is independent in belief, but is inclined toward the doctrines of the Democratic party. The publishers take pleasure in presenting a view of the home of this estimable family. -H=i r^i4- ^imon H. Stuckey is one among the leading farmers of Walnut Grove Township, and is i^^^ located on sections i and 2, his residence being on the latter. This gentleman, in his community, is a thoroughly representative man, and the owner of 300 acres of highly im- proved land. He has a ver)- delightful house and spacious farm buildings. He first purchased his farm in January, 1857, at which date it was unbroken prai- rie. By his industry and pluck he has made it as valuable as it is to-day. He is a native of Bedford County, Pa,, where he was born Nov. 17, 1835. His father, Charles A., was a Pennsylvania farmer, of German extraction, also born in Bedford County, where he lived and died. In that county he married Rebecca Silvers, she being also a native of Bedford, but died at Altona, where she had lived with her daughters, Ann and Guthrie, up to Sept. 20, 1878. Tlie father died on the i6th of July, 1872. Our subject was the oldest but two of his family, there being four sons and four daughters. All these are.yet living and married, with the excep- tion of one. Two of them are living in this county. Mr. Stuckey was educated at the public schools of his native county. When in his 19th year, he came westward on his first trip, in 1854, but, after remain- ing a few months, returned home. In 1856 he ar- rived in Illinois, and after some deliberation located what he considered a good farm. His father being wealthy in Pennsylvania, his idea was to locate a good farm and build a desirable residence in this State. He had, however, to employ his best energies before success crowned his efforts. The present farm is well watered and amply supplied with fine cat- tle of the Diirham breed, and Poland-China swine, the latter being very pure. A view of Mr. Stuckey 's residence will be found on another page of this Al- bum. Mr. S. was married on the 18th of February, 1864, at his bride's uncle's, in Walnut Grove Township, the lady being Miss Amelia Warner, daughter of Syl- vester and Charlotte E. (Ransom) Warner, natives of Onondaga County, N. Y., where Mrs. S. was bom, in Cicero, Oct. 5, 1846. Her parents were farmers and - came to Lake County, Ind., where they successfully operated in their calling, and where the father died, near Hebron, Porter County, Jan. 21, 1856. Subse- quently her mother's demise took place at Syracuse, X. Y., March 5, 1854. The present lady received her education in Altona, and by her union with Mr. Stuckey is the happy and devoted mother of five children. Four of these are living and one deceased, viz. : William, who was born Oct. 19, 1867, and died in 1877 ; Charles H., born Sept. 29, 1866, re- sides at home ; Jessie A., born March 26, 1869 ; May Belle, born Nov. 15, 1870; and Harry W., born Aug. 17, 1874. In politics Mr. Simon H. Stuckey is a reliable and very solid Republican. His chief interest, however, lies in the advancement of education, and on this ac- count he has been elected School Director and filled that post with efficiency for many years. Before closing this biography it is only just to note that Mrs. Stuckey had two brothers, H. S. and Charles D., who were in the late Rebellion, and died from wounds received. They both enlisted from Syr- acuse, N. Y. Charles was in the New York Heavy ' Artillery, and H. S. in the infantry. One was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. ■«CC;©^««— fe| 53|— »®fS><3OT»»» ? alter Eedd. Orange Township has its _ y4^" '^ quota of successful and well-to-do-farm- :S'^ ers, men who have attained success '^"^^ through individual effort, energy and perse- verance, and who are in the sunset of life ., enjoying a well-earned competency. Promi- nent among the class mentioned as a citizen and suc- cessful agriculturist, residing on section 11, Orange Township, where he is engaged in his chosen voca- tion, is the subject of this brief sketch. Born in Shenandoah County, Va., March 27. 1820, of parents by name John and Elizabeth (Barber) Redd, he seems to have inherited his love for farming, as his father was a farmer before him, and a soldier in the War of 1812. He and his good wife, the mother of KNOX COUNTY. S7S our subject, died on the old homestead in Ohio, about the year iS;;;, when Walter was quite young. Orphaned at an early age, the subject of our sketch worked by the month at whatever he could find to do, and was variously occupied until February, 1842. At that date he came to this county, and on arrival here, being without money, he engaged at labor by the month, and thus continued for iS months, when went to Knoxville, and was there employed in a flour- mill for eight years, thus thoroughly acquiring the miller's trade. At the end of that time he purchased 160 acres of land in Orange Township, the same being the identical tract on which he is residing at this time, and where he has lived continuously en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. After arriving at mature manhood Mr. Redd be- came dissatisfied with the life of " single blessedness," and Sept. 12, 1844, joined the army of benedicts. Miss Frances Allen becoming his wife. She is the daughter of William and Nancy (Wilkins) Allen, and was bom in Jefferson County, Ind., .^pril 5, 1826, her mother being a native of Pennsylvania and her father of Kentucky, and both of them deceased ; their demise occurring in this county. The Allen family came to Knox County about 1836, and took up a claim in Persifer Township, where the father re- mained until his death. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Redd has been blest by the birth of twelve children, of which the follow- ing is a record: Benjamin F., born July 20, 1846, died in infancy; Robert H. was born Sept. 12, 1847 ; John W., Oct. 22, 1849; Julia and Julius (twins), Dec. 22, 185 1 ; the latter is deceased, his demise oc- curring Jan. 23, 1852; Lorena was born Jan. 12, 1854; Blanche, Sept. i, 1855; Frank, Sept. 21, 1857; Ida M., Feb. 15, i860; Grace, Nov. 22, 1861 ; Etta, May 22. 1863; Harvey, April 5, 186S, yet at home. Robert H. married Miss Melissa McDowell and is a farmer in Decatur County, Iowa; they have four children, whose names are Margaret F., William, Lora and Fred Redd. John W. married Miss Clara Barnett, and is a farmer in Nebraska; they have the following-named children: Flora, Lucy, Harvey, Delia, Clyde, .\lbert and Luther. Julia is the wife of John F. Fink, and resides in Johnson County, Neb.; they have six children, whose names are Frances, John, Harvey, Cora, Lula, Archie and a son not named. Lorena is the wife of Peter Hawley, and r^ides in Orange Township ; they have one child living, named Dora Hawley. Blanche is the wife of Julius J. Ma.xey, and lives in Orange Township; they have four children, named Maud P., Ray, Frank and Lula. Ida M. married Park Garwood; they live in Dundee County, Neb., and have one child, named Pauline. Grace married James Mowry, and lives in Osceola, Iowa; they have no children. Etta married Frank Motter; they live on a farm in Persifer Township, and have one son, Arlass Motter. Mr. Redd has a fine farm in Orange Township, consisting of 300 acres of well-improved land. On his place hehasa good, substantial dwelling.together with a barn, shed and other necessary out-buildings, and in the prosecution of his calling is meeting with that success which perseverance and energy coupled with economy seldom fail to bring. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially Mr. Redd belongs to Knoxville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M. In politics he is a suppwrter of the princi- ples advocated by the Republioan party. ohn C. Johnson. The little kingdom of Sweden has certainly contributed her quota of energetic, acuve citizens to Knox "^i} County. Many of those who came came from , ^if that country to this State and county, and ^ have here made their home, possessed little of this world's goods or money. Succeeding, as they have, due credit should be given them for their pros- penty, as well as for the honorable record they have made in aiding to develop the county. Among the class referred to is John C. Johnson, born Aug. 4, 1833, in Sweden. He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools of his native land. His father. Christian Johnson, was a native of Sweden, where he followed the occupation of a farm- er. In 1848, the father, hoping to better his financial condition in the free republic, emigrated to America. He found his way into the colony at Bishop Hill, Henry County, where he remained for only a month, his ideas not coinciding with those who were in authority, especially the leader of the col- ony, who was known as the Prophet Johnson, and with whom our subject differed on religious matters, so that he left the colony and went to Galesburg. There he found employment at various jobs, and in 1850 he returned to his native land, disposed of his real -"•^ t 576 KNOX COUNTY. estate there, and, in company with his wife and chil- dren, came back to Galesburg. He was the first man from the southern part of Sweden to locate in Knox County, and he was the prime mover in bring- ing many others who made settlement here, and who to-day have fine farms and beautiful homes. He only lived two short weeks after his arrival here, leav- ing a wife and eight children. In 1854 five of the children were taken with the cholera and passed away. At this writing but two of the eight children are living — Christian, a resident of Bourbon County, Kan., and the subject of our sketch. His wife again married, her husband departing this life in 1878. Christian Johnson was a man of more than ordinary ability, and had he lived would most undoubtedly have occupied a high jxisition in the community. John C. Johnson was the eldest child of his par- ents, and was 19 j'ears of age when the father died, after which sad event the care of the family devolved on him. He purcha3ed 80 acres of land on section 32, Knox Township, and there erected a set of frame buildings and began the improvement of his land. On that place he lived until after the death of his sisters and brothers, in 1854, when he started forth to do for himself. At this period he was in debt to the amount of S300, which he subsequently paid. He commenced by renting land in Galesburg Town- ship, which he farmed for one year, when he pur- chased 80 acres on section r, of Krox Township, there built a frame house and at once engaged act- ively and energetically to clear and improve the land. After three years of hard labor, he found him- self $800 in debt, with little prospect of ever paying it. This he concluded would never do, and conse- quently he and his wife hired out to work for a gentleman by the name of Henry Arms, and were in his employ for two years, and by thus laboring they realized, over and above necessary e.xpenses, enough to simply pay the interest on their debt, which they always kept paid up. In 1862 our subject bought a team, one-half on credit, and after assuring his creditors that if he lived they should be paid every dollar which he owed them, he started overland for the land of gold, ar- riving at Elk City, Washington Ter., Aug. 1 2 of that year. He remained there during that fall, when he he went to Oregon, and was there engaged in chop- ping. In the spring of 1863 he went to the Blue Mountains, in the eastern part of Oregon, and for a time engaged in mining, when he began freighting from Walla Walla County, Washington Ter., to the mountains. In the spring of 1863 he started on foot for Idaho City, distant 400 miles, and arrived there " dead broke." There he found employment at $6 per day mining, and in the fall of that year re- mitted to his home in this county a sufficient amount to liquidate every dollar of his old debt. He con- tinued to remain there a while longer and until he had made a " slake," when he turned his face home- ward, arriving here in November, 1865, and again located on his fann, where he has since lived and labored at his chosen vocation and has met with suc- cess. He erected a commodious frame residence on his place, which was destroyed by fire in 1883, to- together with a goodly portion of its contents. But Mr. Johnson is not a man who is easily discouraged, and he immediately erected another building, in which he is living at this writing, which is far better than the first. His home place now comprises 320 acres, well-stocked, besides which he owns a half-section in Bourbon County, Kan. The maiden name of the wife of our subject was Parnile Peters, a native of Sweden, and she hasW borne him seven children, three of whom are living — Emanuel, married, a resident of Kansas; Grant and Ellen C. The family are members of the Lutheran Church, and they were among the first members of that organization at Knoxville. In politics Mr. Johnson is a Republican. A view of the homestead of Mr. Johnson is given on another page. H. Peterson. Among the respected citi- zens as well as successful farmers of this county is to be found the subject of this notice. He is engaged in general farming and d^^ stock-raising on section 8, Orange Township, ^ where he owns a fine and productive farm of 190 acres. Mr. Peterson of this notice was born in Green County, Ohio, Feb. 14, 1845. His father was Felix and his mother Mary (Weaver) Peterson. The former was a native of Virginia, as was likewise his wife. He died in Green County, Ohio, after having lived a life of honorable industry, and his good wife survives him and is yet a resident of the old home- stead in Ohip. Nine oUve branches sprang froij) r^\ a^ KNOX COUNTY. 577 the parent tree — Martha E., J. L., Catherine, James S., John W., Ezra, Isaac, William and the subject of this notice. Isaac and William are deceased. The gentleman whose name heads this notice was united in marriage with Miss Emma J. Reynolds, Nov. 22, 1877. She was the daughter of Capt. W. H. and Martha (Bunday) Reynolds, and was born July 7, 1857. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson have had born to them two children — -Mattie L., Feb. 9, 1878, and one who died in infancy. Mrs. Peterson is a member of the Christian Church, and in politics our subject votes for the Re- publican party. He began life a poor boy, and what he has he has made himself by honest, industrious labor, and not through the recipiency of any legacy. •v-v\A. -^tiZiZfir©-^* \v^^^)/^f^rSTf^'\r^f^^ h illiam Gould. The subject of this per- A[l^:^a^ sonal notice is one of the most prominent f^r-^ and influential farmers of Kno.x County, and is highly esteemed for his perseverance and industry. His home is on section 14, in Salem Township, is pleasantly located, and furnished with all modern conveniences. He has erected large frame barns and sheds for the shelter of stock, and to his agricultural pursuits adds the rearing of stock. The subject of this writing was born in Windham County, Vt., May 10, 1833. His father, Sylvester Sage Gould, was a native of the same county and was born in 1794. The grandfather of William Gould, by name John, was a soldier of Revolutionary fame, and was also the owner of a farm in Windham County, at which place he died. The father of Will- iam Gould was reared on the farm in his native county, and was there married to Hannah Twitchell, who was also born in that county. After his mar- riage he bought a farm in Windham County and en- gaged in its culture. He kept many sheep and from them manufactured wool and cloth. In 1843 '^^ sold one of his farms and disposed of his stock, and accompanied by his wife and five children started, in the month of June, overland to the State of Illi- nois. They traveled after the fashion of emigrants, cooking and camping by the way, and subsequently located at Brimfield, Peoria County, where he rented a farm. He had brought with him a quantity of clotii, which was manufactured from his own wool, and during the first year he traded the cloth for the southeast quarter of section 14, in what is now Salem Township. This was wild land at the time and his purchase amounted to $1,000, paid for in cloth at $2.50 and $3.00 ])er yard. In 1844 he erected a good frame house on the place and began breaking the land, and in the spring of 1845, with his family, removed there and lived until 1861. In that year he sold out and with his family removed to a farm lying on secti6n 13 of the same township, and they there continued to reside for a few years, when they again sold out and removed to Elmwood, taking up their abode in that place and remaining until 1870. Returning to the old homestead, then operated by liis son, he continued in the home endeared to him by so many associations until his death, whicli took place Sept. i, 187 1. His wife, who survived him si.x years, died at the home of a son, in Galva, in 1877. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Gould gathered about them a family circle including ten children, six of whom still survive, as follows: Margaret married E. B. Kent, whose home is in San Benito County, Cal. ; Luther lives at Wakefield, Neb. ; Lucy Ann, wife of William Cummings, resides at HoUister, Cal.; Syl- vester has his home in San Benito County, Cal. ; William, the subject of our sketch ; and Horace, who lives in San Benito County, Cal. Those deceased are David C, who was born in Vermont, remained in his native State, enlisted in the late war and fell in the service of his country ; Hannah, the eldest child, married Nelson Drury and died in Woodford County, 111., about 1852. Mr. Gould of this personal history was but 11 years of age when he came to Illinois with his par- ents, and retains in his memory all the interesting incidents connected with the overland journey. He made his home with his parents until he arrived at the estate of manhood. His marriage was cele- brated May 6, 1854, with Mary E. Corbin, daughter of William and Rachel (McGinnis) Corbin (see sketch). Previous to his marriage Mr. Gould rented his father's farm for two years, inhabiting the old home- stead, the lumber for which his father had hauled from Chicago by teams. There he remained for two years, and at the expiration of that time he bought a ' farm on section 22, in Salem Township, on which he =rA- S78 KNOX COUNTY. remained for one year, when he returned to the old home and rented it for two years. His next move was to go back to his own farm, where he lived for another two years, then sold out and bought the old homestead, which he has occupied continuously since. The first house was burned April 12, 1880, but its owner immediately set to work to repair the damages and rebuild, the house then erected being the one now occupied by his family. This a modern frame house, pleasantly situated on a rise of ground, and with convenient out-buildings constitutes one of the pleasantest homes in the county. Mr. Gould is a man of fine mental attainments and takes a keen interest in matters relative to pub- lic interest. He cast his first vote for J. C. Fremont, and has been a Republican since. Both he and his wife are united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are active, working members in that organiza- tion, eminently believing in " traveling in the good old way." They are the parents of two children — Sylvester S., born June 6, 1855, united in marriage with Mary E. Knable; she was born in Ohio and is \\ the daughter of John E. and Mary A. Knable, and "^ with her husband resides on section 10, Salem Town- ship; William C, born June 15, 1859, resides at home. Mr. Gould has added to his landed estate from time to time until he is now the owner of 400 acres. He possesses not only worldly wealth, but has hope of treasures laid up above. A view of the pleasant family homestead is given on another page in this work. I ifc^^^l lexander Shannon first came to Knox 5^i^i^a4 Gounty in 1S45, having previously reside 1 jrcP5s^ in Franklin County, Ind. Settling in Hen- derson Township, he has continued to live here, with the exception of two years which he spent in Sparta Township. He has been in- dustriously engaged in agricultural pursuits, and is the owner of 285 acresof excellent land. He was born in Union County, Ind., Feb. 27, 1828, and resided there until about seven years of age. He went from that place with his parents to Franklin County, and then came to Knox County, as before stated. Mr. Shannon was married in Henderson Township Sept. S, 1807, to Miss Mar)- M. Dunlap, who was born in Fayette County, Pa., June 11, 1842. By this mar- riage there have been born five children — John, born Aug. 8, 1868, died Aug. 30, 1870; Charles N., Oct. 14, 1870; George D., June 6, 1872 ; Fred. W., Dec. 10, 1874; and Alexander Rex, Sept. i, 1877. Mr. Shannon has held the office of Collector, Road Com- missioner and School Director, in each of which he has faithfully discharged the duties devolving upon him. The parents of our subject were John and Mar- garet (Cannichael) Shannon, natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky respectively. They arrived in Knox County in 1845, settled in Henderson Township and subsequently died there. The father of Mr. Shan- non was born Feb. 8, 1798, in Pennsylvania. His parents, Sam and Sally Sha.inon, were of Irish and English extraction respectively. The father of our subject died May 26, 1870, in Henderson Township, and his mother was born Dec. 15, 1801, and died in the same township as her husband June 5, 1868. Mr. Shannon was the third in order of birth of a fam- ily of seven children, as follows: Sarah married James Cook ; Elizabeth became the wife of William Freeborn and they are the parents of six children ; 1 ' William died in Oregon in 1854; Isabel became the wife of Bennet Freeman ai^d they have two children ; Hannah became the wife of Edward Martin, who is now deceased ; they had four children ; she was a second time married to Jerry Green and by this union there were two children ; Jane is deceased. Mrs. Shannon's parents were Alexander and Mary (Rex) Dunlap, both natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Dunlap's decease took place in Kansas, and that of his wife in Pennsylvania. The father of Mrs. Shan- non was born Feb. r, 1810, and he died in Kansas, Aug. 23, 1879. The mother was born Aug. 17, 181 1, and she died in Pennsylvania, Feb. 20, 1869. They reared a family of 1 1 children, namely : Martha J. and Hannah L., deceased; John R., who married Luveina Faddis, and has six children ; Samuel R., de- ceased ; Sarah A., deceased, married Huston Kerr, and was the mother of two children ; Geo. W. mar- ried Anabel Shriver, and they are the parents of five children ; Joseph A. married Harriet Billinger, and they have seven children ; Andrew J. married Lizzie Sutherland ; Elizabeth C. married Cyrus C. Cilla- baugh, and they have two children ; Louisa married David Henderson, and they have four children. Of I KNOX COUNTY. 579 those that were married, Andrew J., Sarah A. and Elizabeth C. are deceased. Tlie parents of Mrs. Shannon were of Dutch and English origin respect- ively. In politics our subject identifies himself with the Democratic party, of which he is an ardent upholder. He is a good and useful citizen and is a thoroughly representative man in the township, whose popula- tion is above the average for "aoral worth and intelli- gence. A view of the home of Mr. shannon is given in connection with this sketch. \ wen W. Swenson. Many industrious citi- f^^yt' ^^"* °^ Knox County who came here poor •|iiv^ '" pocket, but rich in an abundance of en- ';\V ^"^8)' ^"'^ perseverance, and who by honest toil ( J and good judgment have succeeded in acquir- ing a handsome competency, were born in the kingdom of Sweden. Of this number is Mr. Swenson, residing on section 32, Sparta Township, where he is ipassing the evening of life in retirement from active labor. He was born June 14, 1833, his parents being Swan Benjta (Peterson) Swenson, likewise natives of Sweden. The parents of Mr. Swenson died in Sweden, the father living to the ripe old age of 87, and the mother dying some years previously. Mr. S. had three brothers and three sisters. The sisters and two of the brothers never came to tliis country. The name of the other brother besides Mr. S. who came to this country was Nels; he is now living in Iroquois County, 111. Mr. Swenson, of this notice, received an education in the common schools of his native land and assisted his father in the labors of the farm until he was rg years of age. In 1852 he bid adieu to his native land and set sail for the United States, hoping to find a place where he would better his financial condition and where he might establish a home for all future time. Disembarking at New York, he came almost directly to Galesburg, this county. We wish the reader to understand his financial condition on ar- rival in this country, and therefore will state that all his worldly possessions were the clothes he had upwn his back and a S5 gold piece. The latter was stolen from him, and he consequently had not a dollar or anywhere to lay his head on his arrival at Galesburg. But he found work and immediately engaged with a Mr. Conger, receiving as a remuneration for his serv- ives the then, to him, magnificent salary of $7 per month, and continued to work for those wages for nine months. He then rented a farm, which he cul- tivated for one year, and was engaged in that occu- pation till his marriage in rSsf. The lady whom he chose to become his wife was Nellie Trudson, daughter of John Trudson. She was born in Swe- den ; her father came to this country about the same year Mr. Swenson arrived. She was the oldest in a family of five children, viz. : Nellie, Carrie, Anna, Betsey and T. J. Trudson. They are all living in this country. After his marriage Mr. Swenson engaged in work- ing his father-in-law's faim on shares for one year, after which he continued farming on rented land near Galesburg for a few years, during which time he also engaged in the milk business, supplying the good people of Galesburg with unadulterated, anti- Chicago milk, for seven years. At the expiration of this time, in company with a Mr. Hawkinson.he pur- chased 80 acres of land, a portion of it lying within the present corporate limits of Galesburg. They sub- sequently purchased another tract, lying in close proximity to their original purchase, and continued in partnership for some years. On dissolution of the partnership, Mr. Swenson received as his portion the land lying inside the corporation. While living there he was also engaged in the stock business, the rais- ing of broom-corn, and for three years in the grocery trade. In 1868 he purchased the place where he is at present living, and moved on the same in 1869, and has there been occupied in the active prosecu- tion of his vocation until the present time. He has a fine place of 480 acres of land in this township, and 127 acres in Knox. He has expended so.nething over j2,ooo in the improvement of his home place, and increased its value and beauty until it is one of the most valuable as well as handsomest farms in Knox County. Mr. S. is also one of the stockholders of the Galesburg National Bank. His past career has bee.i an honorable as well as successful one, and his hand- some property has been accumulated through his own energetic effort and good judgment. Coming to this county without a dollar, and having made such a wonderful success, he certainly deserves great credit, considering that his accumulations have been made in a straightforward and legitimate man- »■• X ■^ 580 KNOX COUNTY. ner, and not by speculation. He with his family be- longs to the First Lutheran Church of Galesburg. Of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Swen- son, Samuel married Hannah Oleson, and resides in Galesburg; Joseph selected as his life companion Miss Carrie Nelson, and they have one son — Earl N.; Mary became the wife of L. O. Williamson, a resident of Galesburg; Hannah, David, Amelia and Freddie are married ; Esther died in infancy. *t W. Sumner. One of the oldest residents of Knox County and a general farmer and stock-grower, whose homestead is situated on section 23, of Orange Township, is found in the subject of this notice. He settled in this section of the country at an -early day and has proved himself a higlily esteemed and reliable cili- ,zen. He has held many of the offices of his county, has been Supervisor six terms and Township Clerk one term, also Commissioner, and at the present \ time is School Treasurer. I Mr. Sumner was born in Highland County, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1820. He is the son of Bowater and Let- tice (Walters) Sumner and the third child in a family of four children, all of whom are living. His father was a native of North Carolina, and of the Quaker faith, and his mother of Virginia; both are now de- ceased. In the fall of 1837 they removed from Ohio to Canton, Fulton Co , III., where they passed the winter, and in the spring of 1838 removed to Knox County ; here both father and mother departed this life, while Mr. Sumner of this writing has remained here up to the present time, pursuing his chosen vo- cation. He is interested in the breeding and raising of English thorough-bred race-horses, of which he has at this writing 20 head. He is the owner of three horses who carried off the blue ribbon at the Knox County Fair in 1885. Several others have taken premiums at fairs in adjacent counties, and Mr. Sumner may well feel that no one in the county is his superior in this respect. The subject of our sketch was married to Sarah Ashby, Feb. 22, 1849, who is the daughter of David and Ruthanna (Gaddis) Ashby, who were old settlers in this county, where they both died. Sl>e was born Dec. 2, 1829, in Clinton County, Ohio, and is the mother of ten children, the names and dates of whose births are as follows : James, born Nov. 17, 1849; Ashby, Sept. 27, 1852, died Nov. 11, 1857, at the early age of five years; Wilshire, Jan. 17, 1855, died Nov. 22, 1857; Lettice, Jan. 12, 1858, is the wife of Loren Brown, and resides in Seward County, Neb. ; Anna, April 5, i860 ; Bowater, April 9, 1864, and deceased Oct 3, 1867; Nancy, March 28, 1867; Robert, June 21, 1870; David, Nov. 14, 1872, and one who died in infancy, Aug. 27, 1862. Mr. Sumner is an extensive owner of landed es- tates, his farms including 6 to acres, all fenced, cul- tivated and improved ; 80 acres of this is timber. His home buildings consist of a neat and substan- tial frame house, besides barns, sheds, cribs and out- buildings of all kinds, all in good repair. He is a liberal-minded man, believing in principle rather than party, and is one of the most respected citizens of that section. In politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Sumner is a member of the United Brethren Church. ohn Turney follows the occupation of a farmer on section i. Cedar Township. He is a native of Somerset County, Pa., and was born Aug. 29, 1816. He remained with his parents on their farm, at the same time at- tending the district schools, up to the age of 21. His parents were Philip and Sallie (Bird) Tur- ney, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respect- ively. His father was born in 1789, his death occurring in 1854, while his mother's birth took place in 1795 and her death in 1870. There were II children from the union — -Andy, Eliza, Elizabeth, Philip, Polly, William, Catherine, Harrison, Thomas and Valentine. The subject of this biography married Miss Mary A. Ruger, Sept. 19, 1859, in Brandonville, Preston Co., Va. She was born May 18, 1829, in Fayette County, Pa, and was the daughter of Louis and Catherine (Miers) Ruger. The latter was married at the age of 14, and had nine children, viz. : Jacob, Elizabeth, Nancy, Andy, Mary A., George, Samuel, Susanna and H. H. Four of these are still living and in prominent positions. There have been 11 children born to the subject t KNOX COUNTY. 581 of this biography — Leroy, June 9, 1851; Calvas, March 9, 1853; Lucian, May 17, 1855; Daniel G., Oct. 20, 1857; following these in order there were two children, both boys, and txvins, born Dec 6, 1859, but dying in infancy; William E., bom in October, i860; Virginia, Nov. 23, 1863; George G., May 15, 1866; Louis, March 4, 1S69; Franklin, March it, 187 i. Mr. Leroy Turney married Miss Mary Wogoman. This gentleman is in the service of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Q)., and has three children living — Lillie L., born Dec. 18, 1875 ; Osro, Oct. 7, 1877 ; and Mabel, Feb. 12, 1879. Our subject first came to Illinois in 1856, and lo- cated on this section. Fie possesses no acres of prime land on sections i and 12. He has erected a very fine dwelling-house, to which is attached a suit- able barn. Being a Republican in politics, he has always consistently voted with that party. His family are all members of the Lutheran Church, of . KnoxviUe, 111. The following obituary notice of Mr. Turney 's son apf)eared in a local paper at the time of his decease : ^ " Daniel G. Turney, the subject of this brief sketch, ; was the son of John Turney, living five miles I southeast of Galesburg. He was born in Knox County, 111., Oct. 20, 1857. He came to his death by being thrown from a freight train, on which he was a brakenian, at Wyoming, 111., July 9. He had been on the road for several months, but had no regular run. This was said to have been his first ' trip on the Buda & RushWUe branch. Being so suddenly cut off, no dying word was left for surviv- [ ing relatives. The C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. did them- ] selves credit and showed great respect for the I deceased and his friends by the very handsome | manner in which they prepared his body for the grave. The young man was respected and loved by all who knew him. This was abundantly evinced ' by the very large and deeply-affected audience who were present at his funeral, on Sunday morning, July II, in the neighborhood where he had lived from in- fancy. At the close of the solemn services he was laid to rest by the side of three brothers and one sister who had preceded him to the spirit land. Deeply afflicted parents, six brothers and other relatives remain to mourn his untimely departure. They have the sympathy of the entire community in their deep affliction." As already referred to, Miss Wogoman, who mar- ried Mr. Leroy Turney, was born in 1854, her mar- riage taking place Aug. 19, 1874. She is the daugh- ter of -Michael and Martha (Millen) Wogoman. Her father died in the army, at Springfield, 111., about 1865, and si.x children were left by the marriage — Charlie, Lottie, Chauncey, George, John and Mary. In ]X)litics Mr. W. was a Democrat and a firm sup- porter of his party. By religious persuasion he be- longed, with his wife, to the Christian Church. Mrs. Wogoman is still a widow, living near Galesburg, III. During the past eight years, Leroy Turney has been conductor on the railroad, his run being to and from Galesburg, the headquarters. He is a good Republican in politics and a friend very much re- spected. ^^^^-^^ -^fEjklarli Shumaker, one of the most promi- ^ ky.i y nent and worthy farmers of Knox County, ^^ '*' **'^" '^"''^^'f fof his integrity of purpose and ffe untiring perseverance, is the subject of this j^ historical sketch. His home lies on section \ 20, of Chestnut Township, and although young in years, he has characterized himself as one bound to succeed. Mr. Shumaker, of this writing, is the son of John and Abigail (Lee) Shumaker, and was born in Knox County, 111., Jan. 24, 1857. He was united in marriage with Miss Annie R Fuller, Feb. 11,^ 1883. She was born Sept. 19, 1863, in Knox County, and is the daughter of Cyril and Ann C. (Terry) Fuller. Mr. Fuller was born in Tioga County, N. Y., in February, 1827, and is still living, and his wife in January, 1828, clamiing Greenbrier County, Va., as the place of her nativity. Mrs. Fuller came to Illinois at the age of seven years with her parents. She became the mother of eight children, as follows : Nancy L., Emma L., Loring T., Annie R., Cyril T., John L. and two who died in infancy. Mr. Shumaker is the owner of 90 acres of good land in this township, and has just erected a fine barn, 40 x 30 feet. Besides entertaining a deep inter- est in agriculture, Mr. S. is also engaged in the breeding of fine blooded Short-horn cattle, Clydes- dale horses and Poland-China hogs. Clark Shumaker came to this township in 1883, and has prospered in his hearty endeavors to do well. The little family circle has been blest by the birth of ■H^ -H- il « ■• ^ 582 KNOX COUNTY. one child, a son, by name Carl Fuller Shumaker, born May 24, 1885. Mr. Shumaker is a Republican in political sentiment and belief, and is active and en- terprising in all matters relative to public good. The parents of Mrs. Shumaker came West as early as 1849. oshua L. Crawford, a minister of the Gos- %■ pel, preaching the doctrines of the Presby- terian denomination and resident in Cedar Township, owning a farm on section 14, is the "W subject of this biographical notice. A part of ^ his labors are confined to Foster's Point, Mc- Donough County, 111., while he occupies the pulpit at West Prairie Church, preaching in these two places alternately. In connection with his religious work, he is interested in agricultural pursuits. Rev. Mr. Crawford was born in Indian Point Township, Sept. 28, 1844, and is the son of John and Elizabeth (Howard) Crawford, natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. His father was born in p 1798, and died Aug. 14, 1875. His mother, Eliza- beth, born Nov. 29, 1808, is still living. This anion was blessed by the birth of 1 1 children, of whom Joshua is the youngest member. The names of his brothers and sisters are James, Charies H., John W., Elizabeth A., Nancy, Henry, Cynthia M., Peter D., Rebecca, Matilda F. and Joshua. In the year 1856, April 4, occurred the union of our subject with Miss Ella Marsh, who was born July 18, 1847, in the township of Cedar, Knox County, and who is the daughter of Thomas B. and Sophronia (Alden) Marsh, both natives of New York. Mrs. Crawford's father and mother reckon in their family circle Sophia J., Benjamin A., Noble L., Han- nah P., Francis E., Harriet A. and Ella, besides two sons lost in infancy. The fruit of the Crawford family tree has been nine children, namely : Charles A., born Jan. 7, 1867; Sophronia E., Oct. 2, 1868; Harriet E., June 12, 1870; Edna B., June 2, 1872; Leroy W., Oct. 20, 1874; John B., May 26, 1876; Philena B., Nov. 2, 1879; Edith E., Sept. 8, 1882, and Agnes J., Oct. 5, 1884; of these two are deceased. Mr. Crawford follows his profession as minister of the Gospel, preaching in the Cumberland Presby- terian Church, in the towns previously spoken of He entered the ministry in 1872, and was ordained in August of that year, since which period he has successfully labored in this field of work. In this lX)sition he is kind, genial and friendly, and is popu- lar both as a man and a minister. He is noble in principle, large-hearted and intellectually strong. He joined the church at the age of 14 years, since which time he has lived an upright, consistent life, winning many friends and supporters. John, the father of our subject, occupied the pulpit in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, laboring earnestly and winning many souls to Christ, also assisting in many large revivals throughout the States of Illinois and Iowa. He closed a worthy and useful life-work in behalf of his chosen church, after an extended period of 50 years' faithful labor. Mr. Crawford was a Union soldier, enlisring in the late war Aug. 7, 1862, at Abingdon, 111., in the 83d 111. Vol. Inf., under Col. A. C. Harding, of Mon- mouth. He fouglit for the stars and stripes, partici- pating in the second general battle of Fort Donelson, served a years and 11 months continuously, doing, as a rule, post duty in the United States service, and receiving an honorable discharge, June 26, at Nash-r* ville, Tenn., and was mustered out at Chicago, July 5, 1865. He supports and voices the sentiments of the Republican party, and is wide awake and inter- * ested in public matters. He may be esteemed, in general characteristics, as an able citizen and a de- sirable friend and neighbor. ohn G. Emery, a successful and promising V- farmer, is the subject of this historical !lsr>r4' sketch. His home is situated on section 2, f|,2 of Lynn Township, and he is one of the men who by perseverance and prompt activity have succeeded in many a difficult undertaking. Knox County has been the home of Mr. Emer)' since his younger years. He has seen it advance and pros- per, and from a tract of country thinly populated he now sees the smoke of civilization rising from the homes that dot its verdant surface, and all day can hear the ringing of the hammers of toiUng industry and progress. Mr. Emery is the son of Frederick W. Emery, a native of Westmoreland County, Pa., who was of German-Scotch ancestry, and who went to Ashland I^jt LIBRARY OF THE l:!iversity of ILLIN^'I ?^^rM- KNOX COUNTY. 583 County, Ohio, when but a boy of 12, and there grew to manhood. He was married in that section to Han- nah Gaffney, who was born and reared in the same county as himself. The parents came to IHinois in 1835, lived in Fulton County until the spring of 1839, and then moved to West Jersey Township, Stark County. There they lived until their death, that of the father occurring in 1S46, and the mother's in 1884, in Henry County. They settled in Fulton County when the country was mostly unbroken and where the father became well-to-do before his de- mise. John G. Emery was born wiiile his parents were living in Stark County, Sept. 24, 1839. He was the youngest but one of fivechildren,one daughter and four sons. The youngest was killed during the late Re- bellion, at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn., by a gunshot through the breast. His name was William E., and the date of his death was Dec. 30, 1862. He was a member of Co. C, 42d Reg. 111. Vol. Inf. An- other brother, David H , was wounded in the battle of Champion Hills. He was First Sergeant of his company. He now resides at Ottumwa, Iowa, and is by profession an attorney at law. He was a member of the loth Iowa Vol. Inf. Another brother, Oliver P., resides at Galva; he is a Justice of the Peace and fire insurance agent. The oldest, Amanda J., is the wife of Samuel Pritchard, who re- sides at Woodhull, Henry County, and is a well-to-do farmer. After his father's death, John G. remained at home attending the public schools and working on the farm until he was 2 i years of age, when he came to Henry County, 111. In Weller Township, this county, Dec. 24, 1862, he was married to Miss Ruth A. Friend, daughter of Jacob J. and Fannie (Knable) Friend, the former from Marjland and the latter from Fulton County, Pa. The father was of American lineage and birth and the mother of pure German ancestry. He was by occupation a farmer, and they were mar- ried in Fulton County, Pa. It was there Mrs. Emery was born March 20, 1844. She was only nine years of age when her father came to the great West and settled for a short time in Farmington, Fulton County, and from there moved to Weller, Henry County, where the parents are yet living. They are well-to-do people, with a fair supply of this world's goods. Mr. and Mrs. Emery have seven children : Will- iam E. is a teacher ; Frederick W. lives in Hamilton County, Kan.; George F.; Edwin A.; Burtis C. ; and Rollin G. ; Chailes, the third son, died at the age of one year and nine months. After marriage they lived two years in West Jersey Township, Stark County, one year in Henry County, two years in Elba Township, this county, in which latter township he owned a partly improved 160-acre tract of land. He sold this and came to his present home in Lynn Township, in the springof 1868. He has a well-im- proved and highly cultivated farm of 160 acres. On it is situated a good assortment of buildings and out- houses and wells, and it is stocked with a good grade of cattle. The fami can hardly be recognized to-day as the once unbroken tract of unfenced land of which he first obtained (wssession. Mr. Emery is one of the best and most substantial citizens in this section of country. His wife and oldest son are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been Road Commissioner for a num- ber of years, holding offices in different parts of the \ township, and is at the present time Justice of the Peace. Politically he is a Republican, stanch and zealous in sentiment, and has a well-balanced theory "^ as to the affairs of state and nation. ames R. Randall. Knox County is dotted over with some of as fine farms as can be found anywhere within the State. Many of these splendid farms and beautiful homes are owned by a class of men who started in the world with nothing but an unlimited amount of enterprise and perseverance, and who through years of toil and economy, combined with wise judg- ment and the active co-operation of their good help- meets, have succeeded. They are men who have been the recipients of no legacy, and, havingattained success through many difficulties, it is but just that due credit should be given them. Of the class re- ferred to, and a gentleman respected for his sterling worth and integrity and his straightforward and manly dealings with his fellow-man, is the subject of this notice. Mr. Randall was born in Rush County, Ind.,Feb. 19, 1838, his father being Jedediah W. and his mother Lucirda (Perkins) Randall. The parents ¥^ *H^ v4 584 KNOX COUNTY. came to this State in 1848, and the first year of their residence was at Henderson. They afterward re- moved to Orange Township, where, on June 9, 1864, James R. formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Mary A. Anstine, the accomplished daughter of George and Mary A. (Stickley) Anstine. Their union has been blest with seven children — George E., born March 13, 1865; Nellie B., March 29, 1867, and died March 3, 1869; Cora M., March 23, 1870; Van- doran, Feb. 23, 1873; James D., Feb. 17, 1876; Eugene M,, June 20, 1878, and Harry E., Oct. 10, 1883. Our subject has followed agricultural pursuits for the major portion of his life. In 1878 he moved to Maquon and engaged in the mercantile business and was thus occupied for about one year. He then dis- posed of his stock of merchandise and returned to his first love, farming, having purchased the farm on which he is living at the present time. The place consists of 280 acres, all of it located in Orange Township, 160 acres being on section 27, 80 acres on section 34 and 40 acres on section 24. Mr. Randall has a good frame residence on his farm, costing $2,000, and also an excellent cellar. The residence is well- finished, and two new barns add to the beauty of his place. He has scales for the weighing of stock, grain, etc., and has just erected a new ice-house ; in fact, everything necessary for the conducting of a large and productive farm is to be found there, and in his farming operations he is meeting with that suc- cess which energy and perseverance seldom fail to bring. Soon after the news had flashed across the wires that rebel shot and shell had been thundered against the walls of Sumter, and our martyred President had called for brave hearts and strong arms to fight for the perpetuity of the Union, Mr. Randall en- listed, joining Co. D, io2d III. Vol. Inf. , Aug. 15, 1862, under Col. WiUiam McMurtry and Capt. H. H. Wilsey. The regiment was organized at Knox- ville and proceeded from there to Peoria, after which it moved to Louisville, Ky., and there joined Gen. Granger's command. He remained with his regiment until his final discharge, which took place Nov. 21, 1863, on account of disability contracted while in service. While in the army, John P. Randall, a brother, in the 77th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., was taken prisoner, and for 13 months was confined in rebel prisons. After Mr. R. had been transformed from . a soldier to a citizen he went to work on the farm, and has since devoted his time e.xclusively to the raising of stock and to agricultural pursuits. He is the owner of Lord Arthur, one of the finest Clydes- dale stallions in this part of the county. He also owns Johnny Coope, the best homebred stallion to be found in this community, and has 40 head of horses and colts in which he takes just pride, for they are truly among the best to be found in Knox County. He is making this department of his vocation a spe- cialty, and is classified among the foremost breeders in the State. In politics Mr. Randall votes with the Republican party. -43 £i- and 'onathan C. Garwood is a farmer on sec- ^ tion 21, of Galesburg Township. He is a ®?'^^ native of Warren County, Ohio, being born in that State in 1826, in the town of Lebanon, and is the son of William and Mary (Thatcher) Garwood, natives respectively of Pennsylvania Kentucky. The father died in 1866, the mother's death taking place in 1872. By this union four children were born, viz. : Sarah, Precilla, J. C. and Amos. Mr. Jonathan C. Garwood of this sketch married Miss Mary C. Weeks, a native of New York State, where she was born in 1831. They were mar- ried in 1852, in Galesburg, HI., and have one child, a daughter, living. The name of this latter is Mamie, born in 1862. Mr. Garwood is the owner of 240 acres of prime land, all in a state of thorough cultivation. He re- sides in a very comfortable house, but is now erect- ing a fine family residence on his southeast farm on section 20, about a quarter of a mile west of his present residence. When he first came to Gales- burg, in 1838, he was hut 12 years old, so that he may be ranked among the earliest pioneers of this and adjoining townships. His parents first moved from Ohio to the State of Michigan, and, settling near Niles, remained located there for some 40 years. From there they removed to Galesburg, where they both died. The subject of this notice has been ex- tensively engaged in cattle-breeding. Twice he has visited California, once accompanied by his family. The first time, in 1852, he made the trip overland with a drove of cattle, upon which he realized a snug *1^ I t^ • . ":v;~ ^NOX COUNTY. -^-^^ 585 sum of money. In life Mr. Garwood had to fight his own battles unaided, but, notwithstanding, has accu- mulated a good competency. He thoroughly appre- ciates the enjoyments of life and has a disposition to make those around him contented with their lot. He is a man of well-balanced judgment. The religious views of Mr. Garwood are liberal, he being a stanch believer in the doctrine that every man's conscience should be his own guide. Politi- cally he is a stanch Republican, and in all likelihood will continue to present the consistency both in his life and works of the best principles and views of that party. -^ #*-B- ^ tenry England. Prominent among those belonging to the agricultural class of this county, and who have attained- success through energetic efforts and perseverance, and not as the recipients of a legacy, is Henry En- gland, following his chosen vocation on section 8, of Persifer Township, in which occupation he is meeting with more than ordinary success. Mr. England came to this county in 1854, from Vinton County, Ohio, and settled in Persifer Township, where he has since lived, a period of upward of 32 years. On first coming here he purchased 160 acres of land, which he increased by a subsequent pur- chase until at the present time his landed interest in the township comprises 255 acres, of which 150 are in good, tillable condition. The subject of this notice was born in Bedford County, Pa., April 30, 1830, and was quite young when his parents moved to Vinton County, Ohio. In the latter county he continued to reside with the old folks until coming here. He formed a matrimonial alliance in Persifer Township, Aug. 7, 1856, with Miss Orpha Pratt. She is a daughter of Ephraim B. and Electa (Lane) Pratt, natives of the Keystone State. Her parents came 10 this county in 1855, settling in Persifer Township, where they lived and labored until their demise, her father being a farmer by calling. Mrs. England was born in Vinton County, Ohio, Jan. 25, 1832. Of her union with Mr. England five children have been born, and named Alice E., born Jan. 10, 1858 ; George W., Dec. 30, 1859 ; Eiihu J., Aug. 2, 1862; Albert P., Dec. 24, 1865 ; Harvey E., Nov. 3, 1869 ; Ida May, Dec. 7, 1872, died Dec. 29, 1872. George \V. married Emma Chcrrington and also lives in that township, and their union has been blessed by the birth of one child — Clarence H. Mr. and Mrs. England are members of the United Brethren Church. Politically he votes with the Re- publican party. .Agriculture has been the business of his life, and the energy with which he has devoted himself to his calling has brought him success. -^^ ••o*o.-@X®-o*o V*- sFM?-' ^^^"^ Collins, dealer in stock, residing at i R^ ^! Knoxville, is a native of Ohio, having been fi^^ born in Pickaway County June 6, 1844. iii'^j For a brief notice of his parents, see sketch of j|j- M. H. Collins, in this work. Peter Collins was but four years of age when, in company with his parents, he came to Knox County. His younger days were passed on his father's farm and in attendance at the common schools, the latter be- ing supplemented by a course at Lombard Univer- sity, Galesburg. Mr. Collins was married Aug. 30, 1870, to Miss Drusilla J. Wilson, daughter of Francis and Elizabeth Wilson. She died Oct. 15, 1879, aged 27 years ri months and 23 days, leaving four chil- dren to the care of her husband — John W., Ralph E., Bes.sie and Francis B. Mr. Collins has been en- gaged in buying and selling stock for the past 18 years, and has proven himself to be one of the most successful shippers of Knox County. "ohn J. Mathews, an enterprising farmer, ^ residing in Salem Township, was born Feb. [3, 1847, on the place he now owns. His father, John Mathews, was a pioneer of 1838- 39, in Salem Township, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 181 2, of Scotch parents. While he was young his father died. At the age of 17 years the father of our subject started out a poor boy, without friends, to begin life. He resolved to come to America, that famous land of freedom, where every man is his own monarch, and, procur- ing cheap passage to Canada, did so. He was em- ployed at farming and in the fisheries for two years. He then went to New York, and after spending a 44^ t 586 x^rox COUNTY. short time there went to Philadelphia, where he was apprenticed as tanner and learned the trade. He became acquainted with and subsequently married Miss Clarinda Robertson, from Philadelphia, a daughter of James and Jane (Ogden) Robertson, the former of Scotch and the latter of English lineage. During the year 1837 ensued what was known as " the panic," when throughout the country hard times prevailed. Banks were closed and thousands of peo- ple were out of employment, our subject among others. In this crisis he concluded to make an at- tempt to found a home in the West, and, leaving his wife with friends, started March 20, 1838, for Illi- nois. He came via canal and railroad to Pittsburg, thence by Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois Rivers to Cooper's Landing, and energetically proceeded to finish his journey on foot, his destination being Farm- ington, Fulton County. He there engaged for a time with the railroad company, but the road tloey started to build was never finished — the workmen only re- ceiving 40 cents on the dollar of their wages, which were to be §20 per month. His wife joined him dur- ing the summer of that year, traveling the same route )^ that our subject had taken, and landing in Peoria. Soon after he came to Knox County and took up a claim of 80 acres of land on section 4, now Salem Township. He went to the Land-Office at Quincy and entered his land, and on his return contracted with a neighbor to erect a log house for the sum of §60, and in the spring of 1839 he settled in this place and commenced farming, his stock consisting of one horse, a cow, t^vo pigs and a few chickens. He first built a sod fence to protect his crops, but later fenced the enrire tract with rails. He then built a good brick house on the place and made his home there, adding to and improung his property as far as pos- sible until his death, which occurred Nov. 12, 1859. His widow still lives on the old homestead with her son. Eight children of this union grew to man and woman's estate — William, living in Salem Township; Jane, who died at the age of 23 years ; Sarah, wife of William Simpson, residing in Crawford County, Kan.; Thomas C, now a resident of Hamlin, Brown County, Kan., as merchant and grain-dealer at that place; Clarinda, wife of Andrew Montgomery , living in Salem Township; John J.; Robert G., of Elba Township, and Eliza M., wife of Robert Maxey, of Peoria. Our subject has always resided on the old homestead. which he has managed since he attained his majority. He was married Dec. 23, 1873 to Barbara Clesson, a native of Shelby County, III. She is tlie daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Humphrey) Clesson. They have three children — -Walter C, Mary L. and Clar- ence H. Both Mr. M. and wife are active members of the Presbyterian Church, following in the footsteps of his parents, his father being one of the organizers of that church at Farmington, of which they were members at the time of his death, after which his mother was one of the seven members who organ- ized the church in Yates City. Both were noble Christians of the old days. ^*-# — i^^aniel Bobertson. The subject of this bi- ^ ography is a farmer on section 11, Hen- >ihj^V^ derson Township, and came to Knox Vj* County in February, 1828. Arriving from fl Morgan County, 111., he settled in Henderson j Township, and in company with his brother one year later purchased a quarter-section of land on section 2. Since the date above given he has been a representative resident in this vicinity, and has been continuously engaged in agriculture. He was the first actual settler of Knox County and came with those who first settled in Henderson Township. The very first banking business done in Henderson village had its incipiency in the efforts of this gentle- man. He is the owner of about 200 acres of good land within the township. He was born in Scotland June 12, 1804, and when only an infant of four months came with his parents to this country, the family settling in York State. They finally, how- ever, came to Morgan County, 111., where the father subsequently died. His mother's decease took place iu Greene County, 111. Mr. Robertson was abojt 17 years old when he left New York and came to Illinois. His parents were then engaged in farming and our subject remained at home, assisting his father from time to time, up to the age of 21 years. He was first married at Henderson Grove to Miss Pollie Maxwell, Sept. 30, 1830. This lady was a native of Sangamon County, 111. Five interesting children were born to this union — Elizabei'n, Alexander, Thomas, Melissa and Mary; Melissa is now deceased. Mrs. Robertson died in Henderson Township, in May, 1840. Mr. •E-^ LA^ i-9 LIBRARY OF THE l:!iversity of ILUV'? (Jot. ^CM. KNOX COUNTY. 589 -I- R. was again married, in Knoxville, on the 21st of April, 1841, to Miss Jane Riddle, a native of Ken- tucky, born Feb. 25, 1812. By this happy union there were six children — John, James G., Amanda A., Emily H., Harlan E. and Harbin C. Emily died in infancy. Mrs. Robertson is a lady of much amiability of character and a leading member of the United Brethren Church. In her community she is held in the highest favor. She is an excellent mother and a faithful wife. In politics our subject is a Jacksonian Democrat, and has always entertained the belief and consistently lived up to the idea that a government instituted on the Jackson plan would more than any other be beneficial to the country at large. Of his children who are grown up, Elizabeth is the wife of James Smelter, and resides in Rio Town- ship; Alexander and Thomas reside in Henry County; Mary is the wife of Robert Adcock and re- sides in Wanen County; John resides in Henderson Township; James G. lives in California; Amanda A. is the wife of A. C. Briggs and resides in Kansas; Harlan and Harbin reside in the same township with their parents. (iici^ii. ieut. John Hall. This gentleman, whose portrait we give on the opposite page, is a leading farmer of the county, as well as a stone mason and bridge builder. His splendid residence is located on section 11, of Chestnut To.vnship. He is a worthy citizen of Knox County, whose naine deserves special mention in its history, he having gained distinction by deeds of bravery during the Civil War. He is one of the county's most reliable and honorable citizens, and de- serving of great respect. Mr. Hall was born in Hesse, March 22, 1825, from which place he emigrated to America in the year 1852, stopping at St. Louis for some months. He next went to Burlington, Iowa, where he worked on culverts and bridges on the Quincy Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R., which was in t8s(), and in 1861 he purchased 80 acres of land in Chestnut Township and began farming. July 17, of that year, he was united in marriage with Miss Salome Freemole, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, who was born in Crawford County, that Slate, Aug. 18, 1832. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Hall has been blest by the birth of the fol- lowing children, namely: Mamie, born June 21, 1859, is now Mrs. B. VVainwright, and lives in this township, being the mother of one child — Bessie; Herman, born Aug. 14, 1857, died May 14, 1883; Carl, born May 9, 1861, died July 29, 1862 ; Emma, born Sept. 26, 1862, is the wife of David Bearmor, who lives in this county, and is the mother of one child— Edna B., born Oct. 8, i88r. Mr. Hall is the possessor of 145 acres of finely cultivated land, of which he may be justly proud. Upon it stands a handsome residence, which was erected in 1882, the old one having been burned the year previous. It is commodious, convenient and modern, and is a home in the true sense of the word, not only to the inhabitants, but " to the stranger within the gates." Our subject has had marked suc- cess in the growing of the best blooded Short-horn cattle, and Clydesdale horses from the imported Cruiser. Mr. Hall is a member of the G. A. R. As pre- viously stated, lie was a soldier in the Union Army. He enlisted in July, 1862, in Co. F, 86th III. Vol. Inf , under Col. Irons, who died at Nashville, Tenn. « The first battle in which he participated was that of Perryville, Ky., and following that Nashville, after which he was detached and assigned to a pioneer brigade, and was at the battle of Stone River. He was with Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea, but of the many engagements in which he figured, that which stands out most vividly in his recollection as a stern, hard warfare was the struggle of Kenesaw Mountain. After this battle he was appointed com- manderof Co. F, 86ih Reg., where he continued until the close of the war i.i the capacity of Lieutenant of that company. It is remarkable, but true, that Mr. Hall received no wound of any kind during this bloody conflict, though foremost in some of the most severe battles of the war. In full, as a brilliant rec- ord, it is just to give in this connection the names of the battles in which his regiment participated. The regiment, after organization, moved for Louisville. Marched from camp Oct. i, and on the 8th was en- gaged in the battle of Perryville; engaged in the bat- tle of Cliickamauga, Sept. 19, 20 and 21. Moved into Lookout Valley Oct. 29. In the night of Nov. 23, crossed the river on a pontoon and camped at the foot of Missionary Ridge. Pursued the enemy on the 26th to Ringgold, and was then ordered to Knoxville, Ltya?.., [: range Lowell Campbell, whose authority ^ and influence constitute the chief factors that shape the policy of the Knox County Republican, and who is the subject of this sketch, was born in Kno.wHlle, March 7, 1852. His father, Elisha Campbell, was a native of Gallipolis, Ohio, where he was born the ist of Au- gust, 1822. His grandfather was second cousin to Campbell, the poet. As a prominent physician the grandfather of the present representative of the Campbell family won for himself, during the time of his practice, a name that is still remembered. First coming to Illinois, in 1850, and locating in Quincy, where he lived up to the date of his demise, he attracted very general attention by the devotion shown in his profession. The father of the present subject attained to man- hood in Ohio, and in his i6th year commenced to face the world on his own account. He learned the trade of a plasterer, and followed this occupation in Ohio, up to 1850, when he came to Illinois. He had been previously well educated, and on his arrival at the last-named place engaged in teaching both in Quincy and Peoria. In 1852 he came to Knoxville, and here employed his time in teaching school dur- ing the winter, while for the remainder of the year he worked at his trade. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion (1861) he shouldered his musket and went forth to battle for the defence of hl^ ■H^ -H- -c4 4-&. S92 KNOX COUNTY. country, enlisting in the 83d Reg. 111. Vol. Inf. He was a brave soldier and held in high esteem by his comrades in arms, being promoted four different times. He assisted largely in raising a company of colored soldiers, by whom he was greatly beloved, but through the chicanery of others he was deprived of any pe- cuniary reward fbr the untiring and intelligent labors whereby he might have had something with which to support his family in comfort through the balance of a life prematurely broken down by the disease-breed- ing districts of the South. While hunting for guer- rillas near Fort Donelson, Tenn.,he was injured in attempting to remove a gun carriage from a ditch, and from the effects of this he is slightly though per- manently crippled. Aside from this, and a slight wound in the hand from a rebel bullet, he was mus- tered out at the close of the war without further injuries. In 1872 he removed to Red Oak, Iowa, and re- sumed his trade, working continuously, with the spirit (of a man broken down, for the next few years, when he removed to Emerson, Mills County, where he still resides. In 185 1 his hfe was destined to experience rra change, and he married Mary A. Lowell, the lady I being a native of Maryland, and the marriage re- I suiting in the birth of ten children, of which Orange F Lowell was the eldest. The subject of our sketch received his earliest ed- ucation in the public schools of Knoxville, until, at the age of (3, he entered the office of the Knox County Republican, where he became acquainted with all the necessary routine of printing and publishing a local journal, at the same time supporting his fath- er's family, while the latter was fighting for his country. He afterward entered the office of the Quincy Herald^ and remained there for one year. He became proprietor, Feb. 24, 1876, of the journal of which he is now editor-in-chief, enlarging it from four to eight pages, only issuing in all two numbers of the four-page paper that had been. He married Augusta S. Bull, the daughter of William and I'hoeba (Stowe) Bull. This lady was a native of Milford, Conn., and became the mother of two children — Sterling H. and Lottie W. It is almost needless to state that Mr. Campbell in politics is a true representative of the Republican party, and while maintaining his principles with all the vigor and eloquence necessary to present them to public notice, he is sufficiently just to fairly inves- tigate opposing views and opinions. At the present date he holds the positions of City and Township Clerk. As members of the Presbyterian Church, himself and wife take a decided interest in the wel- fare of that body, beside being recognized members of the Knox County Bible Society. He is also a member of the Knox County Agricultural Society, and Secretary and Treasurer of the Old Settlers' Association. In him the Illinois Press Association has found an exceedingly active member. No meas- ure likely to promote the advancement of that body escapes his notice, or is passed without his having a voice for or against its adoption. He is a member of Knoxville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M., and Knox Lodge, No. 1 26, A. O. U. W. Of this latter he is a charter member, being one of the earliest to organize. This gentleman has created for himself -so numer- ous a body of personal friends that is is not likely that his name or influence will soon pass out of the com- munity in which he has so long been recognized as a ' directing spirit. jjj^obert B. Coe, a farmer on section i, of Galesburg Township, was born in Jefferson . .»;^ < ountv, Ohio, Nov. 7, 1840. His father, \\Sf Mo-es Coe, was also a native of fefTerson ' '\'^ • e? Count)', in the same State, and was born m 1810. He first settled in Illinois in 1853, located in Fulton County, near Canton, where he re- mained one year. He then moved to Knox County and settled in Sparta Township. He married Miss Matilda Maxwell on Dec. 30, 1834. This lady was born in Ohio in 1815, and married Mr. Moses Coe in the same State. Five children were the result of the marriage — Charles B., David P., Robert B., Sarah E. and Moses E. Robert B. Coe married Miss Lillian F. Jones on June 12, 1877. The marriage was performed by the Rev. A. Swena, of the Presbyterian Church. This amiable lady and faithful wife was born Nov. 7, 1 85 8, in Jefferson County, Ohio, where her mother still resides. Her parents were Charles and Emma C. (Long) Jones, both natives of Ohio, the father be- ing born July3r, 1833, and his decease occurring ^" f-> KNOX COUNTY. 593 +- Aug. 13, 1878, in the same State. They were mar- ried on the 28th of January, 1858. His wife was born Aug. 5, 1837, and is still living in Ohio. The issue by the marriage were nine children — Francis L., Morris C, Margaret A., Charles E., William P., Alva G., Louisa B., Jessie A. and Leoni L. The subject of this biography has one child, a son — Charles B.,born June 23, 1878, and a very promis- ing youth. Mr. Coe farms 137 acres of good land in this township, worth §75 per acre. He has a very comfortable dwelling-house, one and one-half stories high, and his barn measures 45 x 45 feet. He is at present engaged in a general farming business. His wife is connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio, but never united with a similar con- gregation since coming West. Mr. Coe enlisted in the service of his country on the ist of October, 1861, and was mustered in at Camp Butler, 111 , when he soon joined his regiment at Pilot Knob, Mo. He was in Co. I, of the 33d 111. Vol. Inf. His first engagement was fought at Fred- rickstown. Mo. ; the regiment was quartered at Pilot Knob. In the spring he was marched to Arkansas, and at Helena camped below the town some 20 miles. This continued nearly all summer. In the fall the command returned to Pilot Knob, where he ^ was taken sick and sent home on a furlough. Here he remained during the following winter, and the next spring joined his regiment at Milliken's Bend. I He assisted at Port Gibson and Champion Hill, and was at the charge on Vicksburg, on the 2 2d day of May, 1863, w^here he received a wound in the left arm and side. From here he went to the hospital at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., where he was detained two months. He then returned to join his regiment at New Orleans, and participated in the siege of Mo- bile and battle of Spanish Fort. He also took part in the engagement and capture of Fort Esperanza, Texas. On the 15th of December, 1865, having served in the army four years and four months, he was discharged at Springfield, 111. Politically Mr. Coe is a Greenbacker and a firm believer in the policy of his party. In connection with this sketch it is only correct to note that Charles M. Jones, the father of Mrs. Coe, was killed by a steam boiler explosion occurring at a saw-miU in Jef- ferson County, Ohio. He was pursuing the occupa- tion of sawyer in the mill at the time of the accident, when he was thrown against a log and his body ter- ribly mangled. He was a good Republican and an ardent patriot, having joined with enthusiasm in the 100-day service during the war. «\«ac2;(Si@» K4— »^^! active member of the Masonic fraternity for many years, holding the position of Master of Altona Lodge. Mr. Byers was born in Winchester, Conn., Feb. 12, 1845, and before he was one year old his parents came to Milton Township, Jackson Co., Ohio, where they resided many years. He was the eldest but two of nine children — five sons and four daughters. His father, James Byers, was a native of Connecticut and of Scotch and German descent. He tilled a a farm, but was by trade a cabinet-maker. He was married in Litchfield County, Conn., near Winches- ter, to Sarah Knox, eldest daughter of Levi Knox, for whom the subject of this sketch was named. Her parents were of Scotch descent and she was a native of the State of Delaware. When the family came to Ohio the father began farming, working as oppor- tunity afforded at his trade, cabinet-making, bringing with him to the West his New England habits of in- dustry and frugality. Prospering thus in Ohio, the golden promises and better opportnnities of the fer- tile regions further west beckoned them forward, and in 1862 the family came to Clover Township, Henry ^ Co., 111., and settled on land near Woodhuli, pur- chased some years before moving to the State. This land was all new and untouched by the plow, but, '' under the industrious and intelligent direction and labor of the father and his sons, improvements were rapidly made, till it was transformed into a beautiful farm. He afterward bought and sold land in Henry County for some years, and died Aug. 3, 1874, the widowed wife and mother following him March 7, 1883, both passing away ripe in years, aged respect- ively 64 and 66, their lives and memories crowned by the grateful affection of loving children and the respect of all who knew them. The father's death resulted from a kick by a vicious colt. He was an old-line Whig and had held most all of the local offices of his township, which he filled with credit and satisfaction to all. The mother was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having united with that organization when ig years of age. She was a devoted Christian mother and died in hopes of a heavenly reward. The subject of this sketch, while at liome on his father's farm, was not neglectful of mental improve- ment, and at the early age of 18 years had mastered the common English branches and began teachmg school, in which he was successfully occupied for several years. He entered Knox College, at Gales- burg, 111., where he remained four years, but, not ' being desirous of graduating, quit school in the first term of the Junior year. Mr. Byers make his own way in college, without any pecuniary aid whatever, and bore his expenses by teaching school and work- ing on the farm during vacation. He improved his spare time reading Blackstone and other elementary works on law. So well did he improve his time that he was admitted to the bar of the Illinois Supreme Court after a course of six months' reading under an instructor. On the 25th of May, 1876, centennial of American independence, Mr. Byers surrendered his bachelor freedom and the silken cords of Cupid were woven about him for life, marrying in East Brady, Pa., Miss Jennie Foster, a native of that place. She was born there Oct 9, 1853. Her mother, whose maiden name was Jane Glenn, was from Butler County, the same State, and she closed her earthly career in Armstrong County, Pa. She was of Scotch-Irish blood and died when the present Mrs. Byers was two months old. The father, C. Foster, one of the^ oldest settlers in Western Pennsylvania, lived and died in the same county and tenderly cared for his motherless child until her marriage. Mrs. Byers is * now the mother of three bright children — Herbert F., born May 20, 1877; Lena R., Oct. 29, 1879; and Candace T., June 26, 1881. Having received a good academic education at West Sunbury Academy, she, too, made good application of her talents, teach- ing school, thus, like many other noble wives and mothers of the land, wisely being fitted for the still higher duties which were to devolve upon her, and which she now performs with such grace and good- ness. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which her husband is Trustee and Treasurer. Through his wife Mr. Byers has an interest in a large tract of land, on which is a valuable natural- gas spring, in Armstrong County, Pa., on which also is a lampblack factory, which yields about 500 pounds of lampblack per day. In addition to this he owns several houses in Altona, 111., and 140 acres of land near Woodhuli, Henry Co., 111. Success has followed him — the just reward of industry and in- tegrity — and while yet a young man he has attained a position reached by few in a lifetime, while we may '^1 ^ ■t-l^ KNOX COUNTY. 595 confidently trust that he has yet many years before him in which to care for his family and serve the community and State. ^Ider Joseph Latimer (deceased). This gentleman has the honor of being the founder of the Latimer family in Knox County, Illinois. It is almost needless to add that a splendid line of stanch men and good citizens are numbered among the Latimers. Elder Joseph was a native of Connecticut, and was born seven miles from New London, June 8, 1766. Previous to his death he often related his recollection of distinctly seeing the smoke at the burning of that town by the traitor Arnold. There were many other events of moment connected with the Revolutionary War, of which this gentleman had a distinct remem- brance, among them the casting overboard of tea in Boston Harbor, necessitating ih; use of Yankee tea. His father was a Colonel in the War of Inde- pendence, and his twelve sons in their turn served under their parent's command — one of the most re- markable events of family history on record. The gentleman under consideration came with his father's family to Tennessee in 1790, and took an active part in several of the battles fought by the Indians in the vicinity of Nashville, as well as on the Cumber- land River, east of that city. In one of these battles his drinking cup was shot from his shoulder, and in another his younger brother, Nathaniel, was killed by his side. Not long after the suspension ol Indian hostilities, Nov. 10, 1796. he was married to Anna Dobbins, and settled in Robinson County. In the ver)' memorable revival of that year both he and his wife e.xpeiienced religion, and when the Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized they were among its earliest members. He was early or- dained an Elder, and became an active supporter of that church. His sympathies therewith remained undiminished to the date of his death. In company with his family he emigrated to Sangamon County, III., in 1826, and in 1831, with a part of his family, moved to Knox County and settled in Cherry Grove, where the remainder of his children soon followed him. This district was then almost entirely unsettled. The marriage of his daughter Susan to U. D. Coy, in 1833, was the first marriage in Cedar Township, and his son David, who died in t836, was the second person buried in Cherrj' Grove Cemeterj-. While still quite advanced in years he superin- tended the building of a very comfortable home, aside from acquiring valuable property. He lived to see seven of his ten children prosperously settled around him. In organizing the Cumberland Presby- terian Church at Cherry Grove, which was the first church building in Knox County, the aid he ren- dered to the project was noticeable to everyone. The building of the structure had his constant attention. This was ten years prior to his death, which occurred at his home, Aug. 18, 1846. Personally, Elder Joseph Latimer was a man of ardent religious sentiment, and remarkable for his quiet, peaceable and patient disposition. He lived to enjoy the friendship of a large circle of admirers, and it has been said that he had not an enemy in the world. His descendants throughout Knox County are very numerous, and are very likely to impress their influence on the coming generations. "" eter M. Cronland, one of the leading gro- cers of Altona, was born in Smalandia, Sweden, April 26, 1840. His father, J. P. ^ Cronland, was a farmer by occupation and died in his native land. His mother, M. E. I r Aim, also of the same part of the old country, after the death of her husband came to the United States, in 1867, her son having preceded herthe pre- vious year. Three years later she went to Denver, Colo., where she now resides. After living in. Knox County three years, Peter, in 1867, went to Bland- insville, McDonough Co., and in 1S68 to Henry County, wliere he pursued the calling of a farmer for one year in Clover Township. He next came to On- tario Township, Knox Co., and two years later located near Oneida, where he farmed for three years. In 1874 he visited Sweden, returning a year later to America and making a brief stay at Galesburg. From that city, in 1876, he came to Walnut Grove Township, where he purchased 1 20 acres of improved land, a part of section 19, which he worked till 1883, when he came to Altona, and there established the present mercantile house, where he has since done a good business. Mr. Cronland was married March 15, 1870, in -H- 4-<^ 596 KNOX COUNTY. Galesburg, to Johanna Nelson, who was born in Swe- den, where her parents yet live, her father being a country merchant, and where Mrs. C. was educated. She came to the United States at the same time as her husband. The latter resided with his father till of age, having been educated in the Forest Institute, of Joenkoeping, and from which he graduated in 1863. He afterward occupied the position as overseer of an agricultural boarding-school, in which he continued till 1866, when he emigrated to America. Mr. Cronland's family includes three children — Edah Olive, Augusta Caroline and Arthur B., one child, Edwin E., being deceased. Mr. and Mrs. C. are both active members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is Secretary. He has held the office of Village Trustee for two years, and is, in politics, a Republican. Strictly upright in all the relations of life, possessing a character built upon the enduring truth of religion, and evading no duty or obligation devolving upon him as a member of society, Mr. C. is an example of that kind of citizenship most needed in the country, and most useful to a com- munity whose confidence he has both in business and as a neighbor. -€-*-^- — ^ l^amuel K. Barlow, a successful farmer, re- siding on section 13, Lynn Township, where he owns a good farm of 128 acres of rich and productive land, was born in Lynn Township, April 13, 1846. Mr. Barlow, in ad- dition to the raising of the cereals, is engaged to no inconsiderable extent in stock-breeding, and in the latter department of his vocation is meeting with excellent success. The father of our subject, Nathan Barlow, de- ceased, was an early settler in this county, and ex- perienced all the trials incident to the establishment of a home and the cultivation of a farm in a new and sparsely-settled country. Samuel Barlow was edu- cated in the public schools and lived at home, assist- ing in the cultivation of the farm, until his marriage. That event occurred at the residence of the bride's parents Nov. 27, 1865, in Lynn Township, and the lady of his choice was Miss Lavina E. Gross, daughter of Freeman Gross, whose biography is given elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Barlow was born in Fredericksburg, Pa., June 23, 1845. She was the oldest but one of her mother's children, and the old- est of two now living. Mrs. Barlow was educated after the removal of her parents to Lynn Township, being at that time but nine years of age, and lived with her parents until her marriage. She has borne her husband eight children, four of whom are de- ceased. The living are Fannie L., born Feb. 12, 1868; Freeman S., Aug. i, 1872; MoUie L., Jan. 28, 1874; and Blanche G., Aug. 5, 1880. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Barlow they settled on the farm where they are now living, and since that time Mr. B. has made wonderful improve- ments on the place, and now has a good and pro- ductive farm. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. In politics Mr. B. is a Democrat. Their children who have passed to the land beyond were Helen L., aged 14 years; Jessie M., aged 4 years; Freddie G., i year; and an infant son. ll^eorge E. Challman. This gentleman is an extensive land-owner and a prominent farmer in his neighborhood, now retired His residence is one of the best in the eastern part of the county, and is located on his beautifully improved farm of 400 acres, on section 35, of Walnut Gtove Township. He was born in Helsingland, Sweden, Dec. 22, 1825. His father and mother were both natives of the same Province. In Helsingland the art of farm laboring was well understood and thoroughly practiced. There were four children to this union, born in Swe- den. The subject of this sketch was the youngest. The family subsequently came to this country in 1846, with the Johnson Colony, which took up its abode at Bishop Hill, Henry Co., 111. Early in the winter of 1846, the parents and children who had come over surrendered their faith in Johnson, and left the colony, coming soon afterward to Knox County. Here his parents died. On the landing of his people in the United States, Mr. Challman had attained to his majority and worked for a while on a farm until in 1855, when he made his first pur- chase of land in Walnut Grove Township. The new, unbroken land which he purchased consisted of 80 acres, which he rapidly changed into prime soil, hav- ing lived on the same 20 years. From time to time -?G^ from active labor. LA^ \ a-- KNOX COUNTY. S97 he has purchased other land and is now the ix)ssess- or of a beautiful home. He has been among the most successful farmers in the county. On April 21, 1854, Mr. Challman was married at Knoxville, 111., to Miss Anna Linn. This lady is a native of Sweden, and came to this country with her parents in connection with the Johnson party. After the arrival of the colony in New York, Mrs. Linn, the mother of Mrs. Challraan, died, and the father returned to Sweden, renouncing his faith in the Prophet Johnson; this gentleman is still living. Mrs. C. is the mother of four children, one of whom died at the age of 13 years. Those living are: Rosea A., wife of G. W. Robbins, who resides on a farm in Copley Township; ne.\t are Nancy Elizabeth and Hester M., both educated ladies, and now residing at home. Mrs. C. is a member of the Swedish Meth- odist Episcopal Church, which institution all the family attend. Mr. C. fills the post of Road Com- missioner, an office which he has held for some time. In politics he is a prominent Republican, a fact generally recognized in his community. ■ else L. Anderson, a farmer and dealer in hardware and general merchandise at Al- tona, establisiied himself in business Nov. 9, 1885, succeeding R. H. Arnold. He was born in Sweden, Oct. 26, 1849, coming to America in 1856, stopping first in Warren County the same year, and afterward making his first purchase of land — 160 acres — in Ontario Town- ship, in this county, residing on and farming this successfully ; later he bought 80 acres in Clover Township, Henry County, and another quarter-sec- tion in Ontario Townsliip. He afterward sold his Henry County land, still owning the half-section in Ontario Township, all well improved. His success as a farmer is rarely e.xcelled, and his business has always been on the increase. His new venture in the mercantile line starts out with every promise of meeting his e.xpectations, and his fine business train- ing, industry, worth and reliability, and usefulness as acitizen and business man to the community, are sure to meet just reward in the generous custom and patronage of a liberal people. His establishment is the most extensive of its kind in the village, and has attached to it for public convenience a good tinshop, largely increasing the value of the property and bus- iness. Mr. Anderson was married in the autumn of 1867, to Miss Lindell, a native of Galesburg, where she was born, and was reared in Knox County, her father being a farmer. She is now the mother of six happy children, whose excellent training under wise dis- cipline and in the fine public school there make them a credit to the household and to the community. There names are Emma I., Arthur A., William L., Hannah O., Edna T. and Eva F. The parents of Mrs. A. are members of the Swedish Church, whose doctrines they adorn in their daily lives and honestly practice with their neighbors, by whom they are uni- versally esteemed, for they follow and practice that best of all laws, the Golden Rule. In politics, Mr. Anderson is an intelligent Repub- lican, but, knowing and appreciating the value of liberty, asserts and maintains for all the right to per- fect freedom of opinion and personal political action. Since coming to Illinois from a distant land, ac- quainted only with a language foreign to the country, his success and prosperity have been remarkable, an |< evidence of that stubborn pluck, steady industry and unyielding perseverance for which the people of Sweden are so famous. Yet young in years, he still has a bright future before him, and still greater suc- cesses await him, in which to exemplify to younger men what the best qualities and best habits can ac- complish. All his many friends will watch his ad- vancement with pleasure and bid him God-speed in the iionorable career he has chosen. \t saac Cramer. This county has a large class of citizens represented in the agricultural interests of the county, who started in life with nothing, but who through laborious toil, together with fair and honoralile dealing, have made a success in life, and to-day have fine farms as the result of their labor and energy. Among tlie number referred to, and a gentleman respected and honored for his sterling worth and integrity, is the subject of this biographical notice, who is industriously engaged in the prosecution of his vocation on section 27, Orange Township. Mr. Cramer was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, Sept. ^ X 598 .V. KNOX COUNTY. ^ 13, 1837, and is the son of Joseph and Ehzabeth (Binkley) Cramer. He first came to this State in 1857, and staid one summer, when he returned to the Bucke)'e State, and was there variously occupied until 1862. During that year he disposed of his in- terest in that State, when he removed to this county and here rented land and followed farming until 1870. He then purchased the farm on which he is at present residing, the same consisting of 130 acres, 78 acres being located on section 27, and 60 acres on section 34, Orange Township. On this land he located with his family, and has there been actively engaged in its improvement and cultivation until the present time, meeting with success, which was brought about by his own perseverance and the active co-operation of his good helpmeet. Miss iVIartha Matlier became the wife of our sub- ject Sept. 20, 1865. She is the daughter of Isaac and Mary A. (Fortner) Mather (see si^etch), born Sept. 7, 1845. The household has been blest by the birth of three children — Edvvni,born Dec. 13, 1867 ; Torence, Sept. 18, 1869; and Frank, March 29, 1879. Mr. Cramer, of this notice, was a soldier in the late war, having enlisted for three months in the 2d Ohio Vol. Inf., April 23, 1861. He received an honorable discharge August 19, of that year. The most of the time during his service he was engaged in guarding railroad bridges. After his discharge he again en- listed in the same fall in the 23d Ohio Vol. Inf , but was not permitted to fight for the flag he loved, on ac- count of physical disability, the Examining Surgeon rejecting him as having weak lungs. Our subject has a good, comfortable frame dwelling on his farm and one of the best barns in this township, together with all necessary out-buildings for the prosecution of his calling on his fine and productive farm. In politics he votes for the Republican i)arty, and is a worthy representative of the agricultural class in his town- ship. feamuel D. Johnson,'one of Knox County's prominent and successful agriculturists, re- sides upon his finely cultivated farm of 175 acres, located on section 27, Maquon Town- ship. In political faith he adheres to the principles of the Republican party, with which body he also casts his vote. The gentleman whose nail e heads this biographical notice came to Knox County in r85i;, from Clinton County, Ohio. He passed his early life until the age of nine years in the village of Cuba, Ohio, and after emigrating to Knox County lived on a farm in Chestnut Township for a period of r6 years, since which time he has lived in Maquon Township. His first purchase in Knox County consisted of 80 acres in the township last named, which he afterward disposed of. In the winter of 1879 he located on section 27, his present home, purchasing 150 acres of land. He is now the proprietor of 175 acres, the greater part of which is not tillable. Mr. Johnson was born in Warren County, Ohio, April 20, 1846. His parents were by name S. D. and Annie E. Johnson. Tliey both lived and died in Ohio. Mr. Johnson of this sketch was married at Knoxville, March 4, 1871, the lady of his choice being Mary L., the intelligent daughter of William G. and Elizabeth (Rea) Taylor, who were natives of New Jersey. The parents of Mrs. Johnson came to Knox County in 1853, and settled in Maquon Town- ship, afterward removing to Farmington, Fulton Co., 111., in the spring of 1885. Mrs. J. was born in New Jersey, May 8, 1846, and since her marriage to Mr. Johnson has become the mother of eight interesting children, byname as follows : Benjamin F., Annie • E., Flora B., Katie C, Abby, Julia E., Fannie and Earl T. Mr. Johnson is one of the solid and sub- stantial men in Knox County. --f=i^i i4— ||[ euben Baily, M. D. It is a fact very widely acknowledged, that apart from the professional confidence placed in this gen- tleman while practiciing as a physician, he has attracted about liim during many years of social intercourse a community of solid friends that few gentlemen can boast of. Professionally he was deemed one of the most expert doctors of his day, as can be testified to by many who have encountered him in years past. Dr. Baily was born at Uniontorfn, Pa., Sept. 14, 18 16, and was the son of Silas and Mary (Harlen) Baily, both natives of Maryland. The father was a teacher by profession and a prominent member of the Society of Friends. The gentleman whose name i^ UL=: •H^ KNOX COUNTY. 599 if heads this sketch was but three years old at the death of his father, the mother being left with nine children. With true motherly devotion she suc- ceeded in keeping the family together for several years, when, each one reaching man and womanhood, they went their several ways to face fortune in her varying forms. The subject of our sketch for some time attended .Madison College in Uniontown, after quitting which he engaged in agricultural pursuits for one year. Discovering the fact that his talents were not destined for this department of life, he abandoned farming in i84r, and removed to Sidney, Ohio, where he engaged at once in mercantile trade, in which he was not wholly successful. At this iJeriod, encountering several friends, and induced by their persuasion to commence reading for the medical profession, he first joined Dr. H. C. Conklin, of Sidney, and studied there two years, at- tending later a course of lectures at the Cincinnati Medical College. Returning to Sidney, he finished I his course of study and commenced the practice of i medicine at that place, remaining there until 1847, • when he came to Knox County and located at Knox- I ville. In 1852 he attended medical lectures at St. Lx)uis I and finally graduated from the Missouri Medical College, and resumed practice at Knoxville. Here he has continued since that date. In the year 1839 he married Elizabeth More- land, a lady of great kindness of heart and many at- tainments. She was born in Unioniown, Pa., on the ist of August, 1817, and to this marriage there were three children born — Henry C, who resides in Win- field, Cooley Co., Kan., and is a dentist by profes- sion ; George, who lives at home ; and Ellen, wife of Cyrus N. Carson, residing in Knoxville. In politics Dr. Baily was of the old Whig school, but in recent years has become a Republican in prin- ciple and practice. Though not figuring in the field of politics ostentatiously, he jxjssesses a quiet and deep-seated influence with his party. Only a few years have elapsed since his retirement from the medical profession, and he now lives in comparative ease, enjoying the fruits of a well-spent life. In the year 1875 he eng.iged in a trip to California, and pur- chased about that date a stock-ranch in Texas, in which he still holds a large interest. The Doctor is remarkable for his wide range of reading and keeps well posted in all important topics occupying the attention of the political world. As a conversationalist he is remarable for his suavity of manner, and is always careful to select such subjects as are not only enlightening but pleasing in their nature. reeman Gross. Prominent among those who have achieved success in agricultural ^ pursuits, and which success has been attained through their own individual efTort, energy and perseverance, coupled with econ- omy and the active co-operation of their good helpmeets and children, is he whose brief biograph- ical sketch we write. Freeman Gross is one of the highly respected and well-to-do fanners of this county. Coming here in 1856, he has made Lynn Township his home ever since, and has there been continuously engaged in the prosecution of his chosen vocation, agriculture, and there may be found at this writing, on his fine farm on section 17. Mr. Gross was born in Cortland County, N. Y., Feb. 13, 1817. His father. Freeman Gross, Sr., was ><| likewise a farmer and a son of Jabez Gross, who sailed from England with Gen. Wolfe for the United States, and who afterward fought under that General at the Heights of Abraham in the French and English War of 1765. Jabee was all through that campaign and escaped both injury and imprison- ment. It was from Jabez and his brother Thomas that the Gross family throughout the United Slates are descended. The latter, Thomas, in the genealogy of the family was lost sight of, and it is not known what became of him ; both Jabez and Thomas were born in Holland, and went to England just prior to coming to the United States. Jabez was married after he came to this country, to Dorothea Ellis, a lady of French parentage. For several years after his marriage Jabez followed the sea as a whaler, and later settled at Cape Cod, whence he went with his family to Otsego County, N. Y., where he en- gaged in farming and there lived until his death. Of his union with Miss Ellis 12 children were born, of whom the father of our subject was the youngest and was reared to the callings of both farmer and cooper and married in Otsego County. After his marriage he moved to Cortland County, N. Y., and followed the cooper's trade a portion of his life. He t-^ ■^ -€4 6oo KNOX COUNTY. and his wife both died in Cortland County, after hav- ing passed an honorable, active and successful life within its borders. Freeman Gross is the fifth child and third son of a family of 12 children, eight sons and four daugh- ters, two of the former and all of the latter being deceased : Rev. Alba Gross is living in Springfield, 111., having retired from a life of active ministerial labor. Minerva Gross married a Mr. Cook, who is living in Cortland County, N. Y. ; she died in Jan- uary, 1886. John C. Gross is a resident of Chicago, a married man and living in retirement; Orrin M. Gross is married and resides in Kansas; Perry D. is a farmer in Broome County, N. Y., and is the head of a family; Van Buren Gross lives in Tompkins County, N. Y., and is a manufacturer of cooperware. The deceased children of the parents of our subject are Laura, Maranda, Susie A., Henry D., Sallie A. and Minerva. Maranda and Susie A. were both wives of John Tarble, a farmer of prominence of (Cortland County, N. Y. Freeman Gross was educated in his native county ,in the common schools, and assisted in the labors of I the farm and was there resident until 1840. During I that year he went to Lebanon County, Pa., where .[ he was occupied in teaching for 16 years. While a resident of that county he was united in marriage with Miss Mary A. Wagner, the date of their nup- tials being Aug. 25, 1842. She was the oldest child and an accomplished daughter of Samuel and Lydia (Desh) Wagner, and was born in Lebanon County, Pa., July 13, 1825. Her parents were born, reared, lived and died in that county. They were both of pure German descent. The father had secured a large property prior to his demise, which event took place in 1868; the mother yet survives and has attained the venerable age of 80 years, and is a resident of Lebanon County, Pa. They were earnest Christians and lived profitable and honored lives. Mrs. Gross was the elder of two children born to her parents, the younger being Sallie, wido.v of William Gelbach, who was a merchant and resident of Lebanon County, Pa. Mrs. Gross was educated in the common schools and lived with her parents until her mar- riage. She is a lady of superior attainments, is an extensive reader and talks fluently on all matters of general and current news, as well as on politics and religion. She is the mother of three children, one of whom is deceased — Clinton, who departed this life at the age of 15 years ; Lavinia, the wife of Sam- uel Barlow, a practical and successful farmer of Lynn Township, and the mother of eight children, four living and four deceased; Mamie married Manuel Erickson, and they reside in Galva, where Mr. E. is employed as assistant cashier in L. M. Yocum & Co.'s Bank. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Gross continued to reside in Lebanon County until 1856. During that year they came to this State and for one year re- sided in Galva. In 1857 they moved to this county and made settlement in Lynn Township on section 17. At this writing Mr. Gross is the proprietor of a fine farm for 200 acres of good and productive land, on which are located substantial improvements. He also owns 32 acres of land, which he holds as a be- quest for his daughter. In Galva he has an improved lot, and it is his intention to soon remove there and retire from the active labors of the farm. He is a believer in the Unitarian doctrine and his wife in the Baptist. All the children in the family are like- wise members of the latter church, and, in politics, Mr. Gross is independent. He has represented his township in the Board of Supervisors and has been active in political circles. [nthony "W. Caldwell is a successful faruier j^ and a representative citizen of Knox Coun- ty, whose homestead lies on section 30, and who is the son of John and Mary (Baird) Caldwell, both natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Knox County from Pennsylvania in 1839, and settled in Persifer Township among other pioneers, and from its infancy have watched the growth of the county as it assumed larger and larger proportions and its boundaries extended far- ther, until slie stands to-day one of the populous and prosperous counties of Illinois. Mr. Caldwell is the third child in order of birth of a family of nine, and was born in Lycoming County, Pa , Aug. 30, 1824. He was rs years of age when he came to Knox County with his parents, and, at- tending the common schools, gained a moderately good education. He remained at home until he attained the age of 24 years, when he made up his mind to take a trip to California, and in 1850 started across the plains. He was absent from home almost *ijr €4: ?^H- KNOX COUNTY. 6oi two years, and, returning to Knox County, remained only a short time and again went back to the land of gold. In the fall of 1856 his heart again sought the familiar scenes of his youth, and he set his face east- ward, this time remaining contentedly at home until 1862, when he again went to the Golden Slate, and tarried for the period of 15 months. After this inter- val had elapsed, he came back to Persifer Township, where he has since been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was a miner while in Califor- nia, and met with moderate success. He is now the owner of 159 acres in Persifer Township, in which section of the country he was married Dec. 10, 1857, to Sarah M. Manley, daughter of George W. and Lucretia (Weed) Manley, natives of Massachusetts and New York respectively. They came to Knox County in 1838 from Chautauqua County, N. Y., and settled in Persifer Township, where they passed the remainder of their days and were there buried. They were the parents of seven children, of whom Mrs. C. was the youngest. She was born in Chautauqua County, Aug. r6, i83r, and is the mother of five children, two of whom died in infancy. Those living are John W , William, residing in Knox County, where he is engaged in farming, and Charles A., still under the paternal roof. Mr. Caldwell takes some interest in public matters and casts his vote with the Democratic party. J orris Grifflth.oneof the enterprising farm- ers of this county, resides on section 35, ' Galesburg Township, and is the son of Abel and Hannah (Gore) Griffith, natives of Pennsylvania. Abel was born in 1803 and died in October, 1875, in this State. The mother of our subject was born in October, 1813, and they had three girls and five boys in their fam- ily, as follows: Morris, born Feb. 20, 1836; John X., Ann E., Mary E., William, Rebecca, George, Howard and Belle F. The mother is still living at the old home in Cedar Township. Mr. Morris Griffith was married to Miss Elizabeth Harmony, Dec. 27, 1859, by Rev. T. S. Vail, of the Presbyterian Church, of Knoxville. She was born Feb 3, 1834, in Franklin County, Pa., and is the daughter of John and Eve (Zumbro) Harmony. Her parents are still living; they were natives of Pennsylvania, the father being born in 1801 and the mother in February, 1802. They were married in May, 1825, and have seven children, as follows: John, Ellinor, Elizabeth, William, Annie, Mahala and Franklin. This aged couple came to Illinois in 1853 and located at Knoxville, where they still reside and are members of the Presbyterian Church. The old gentleman is a Democrat in politics. Mr. Griffith, the subject of this sketch, has six children living and one deceased, as follows : Her- bert R., born Jan. 8, 1861 ; Etta O, May 22, 1862; WiHiam E., Jan. 18, 1864; Arthur A., Jan. 22,1866; Frank M., Aug. 24, r868; Jessie A., June 2r, 1877, and Mary E., April 2r, r87i, dying Sept. 21, r873. Mr. Griffith, through industry and frugality, has become the owner of 280 acres of choice land, 120 of which are in this township and the balance in Ce- dar Township. Like most of the enterprising farm- ers of the State, he takes pride in improving his property and has a fine dwelling with an excellent barn on his premises, and has 800 rods of tile drain- 1 age on the farm. The stock which roam over his fertile fields are of the best quality — fine thorough- 1 breds. ^ Both Mr. and Mrs. Griffith are members of the I Presbyterian Church, at Knoxville. Mr. Griffith has held the office of Commissioner of Highways, and is ^ a Republican in ix)litics. Yet in the prime of life, he has secured a competency, and by honesty and strict attention to the duties devolving u|X)n him, he holds a high place in the respect of his fellow-citi- zens. He is a native of Fayette County, Pa., where he was born in 1836, coming to Illinois in October, 1852, where he has since remained. Three of Mr. G.'s brothers, by name John X., William and George, were in the War of the Rebellion, and all passed through without a scratch. [Cohn W. Woolsey. Among those who have passed the major portion of life engaged in agricultural pursuits, and who by their per- severing labor and economy, and assisted by ^r the active co-operation of thetr good helpmeets \ and children, have met witii success, is the subject of this notice. He is pleasantly located upon his fine farm on section 17, Orange Township, and is ^^ ■*4— 4-i 602 KNOX COUNTY. -^^ there passing the sunset of life in the enjoyment of a sufficiency, and surrounded by a happy family in his pleasant home. Ohio is the State of his nativity, and the date of his birth April 23, 1821, his father being Thomas, and his mother Parthenia (Umsted) Wool- sey. Thomas Woolsey was born in New York State in 1809, and moved from there to Ohio in 1819. From the time he was 20 years of age until within a few years prior to his death, lie was an earnest advo- cate of the cause of Christ, and an eloquent preaclier of the Gospel. While yet a young man he was an ex- horter, and afterivard an ordained minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He emigrated to this State from Ohio, in 1839, and made settlement at Sycamore, De Kalb County, where he continued to reside until his demise, which occurred in 1865. His wife died at the same place in 1879, and they lie buried side by side in the cemetery at Sycamore. Mr. Woolsey, of this notice, married Miss Mary Warren in 1849, and they became the parents of ' nine children: Celia, born Jan. 1, 1850, is now de- ceased; Thena was born Dec. 20, r853, and is also deceased; Elvira, born May 6, 1855 ; Florence, born Nov. 8, 1858, is deceased; Carrie, born Feb. 29, i860; Delia, April 22, 1862; Jennie, April 12, 1864; May, May 14, 1866; and Maud, May 29, 1870. The good wife and kind mother departed this hfe July 14, 1873. Mr. Woolsey formed a second matrmional alliance Jan. 8, 1877, his wife being the widow of Wright Woolsey. Her maiden name was Rebecca Yeager, and of her union with Wright Woolsey, tlieir marriage having occurred Jan. 27, 1842, the follow- ing children were born: Prudence, Dec. 12, 1842; Hannah S., April 7, 1844; Mary E., Oct. 13, 1845, deceased; George W., April 17,1847; William H., June 15, r848; Ehza A., July 27, 1849; Almira C, Nov. 21, 1851, deceased; Cardinal B., June 10, 1853, deceased ; Susan A., July r 4, 1857 ; Chauncey, April 4, i860; John G., Oct. 3, 1863 ; and LutherC, July 15, 1869. The farm where Mr. Woolsey resides is all under a good state of cultivation. There is a substantial residence on tlie place, together with a good bs-rn and out-buildings, and everything about the farm is in- dicative of that push and energy of which its proprietor is possessed. Mr. Woolsey started in life a poor boy, received his education in the common schools, and has attained success through honest toil and individ ual effort. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in ix)litics he votes for the success of tlie Republican party. -^^ #*-! ^ fi|*MijTeter Gibson is a retired farmer and resides |ii^i on Walnut street, in Altona. He is a na- Ites?^ live of Sweden, and emigrated fiom there l|j to America, arriving in this country in 1854, |li^ at a period which witnessed the earliest strug. * gles of our most sturdy pioneers. Mr. Peter Gibson was born in June, 1829, and was a son of a Swedish farmer. As was the custom in those days, he remained at his parents' home far into his boyhood years. After the decease of his father and mother he resolved to seek the Western hemi- sphere, and set to sea, accompanied by some friends and a few relatives. It was only for a few months that he settled in Bu- reau County, III, locaUng subsequently, in 1855, in Ontario Township, Knox County, where he rented a farm for some years, and he afterward rented a larger tract of land near Galva, Henry County, remainingW there until his departure for Knox County, where he purchased 80 acres in Rio Township. Four years later, however, having made some important improve- ments, he sold this estate and came to Walnut Grove Township, where he bought 196 acres on sections 15 and 22. The land was in a high state of cultiva- tion, and soon became one of the most productive farms in that locality. As a successful stock-raiser and dealer in Short-horn cattle there are a few men among Mr. Gibson's acquaintances who can equal him in this respect. On the 26th day of March, 1856, Mr. Gibson was married to Anna Lierburg, a native of his own coun- try. To the great sorrow of Mr. Gibson, this lady died at her home in Galva, Henry Co., and on the 30th of April, 1861, our subject married Anna Eng, also of Swedish descent. This latter lady died at her home in Walnut Grove Township, June 3, 1880, leaving three children— Oscar W., now in Nebraska ; Mary O. and Emma H., the latter two being yet at home. For a third time Mr. Gibson married, the lady be- ing Mrs. Barrie Buckley Engstrom. This occurred Aug. 26, 1885, in Aldrich, Phelps Co., Neb. This last wife was born in Sedden on the iiih of October, d KNOX COUNTY. 603 1852, and came to this country with her parents while yet a girl. She had no children by her former marriage. Her parents, remarkable for their integ- rity, reside in Phelps Co., Neb., where they will prob- ably remain for life. As a member of the Baptist Church, and filling the position of Clerk, Mr. Gibson has gathered around him a number of substantial friends willing to aid in any particular or further any movement affecting the good of the congregation. While hold- ing not a few of tlie township offices, this gentleman, by his adhesion to princi[)le and efficiency in work, has won to himself the good-will and regard of his associates. Being a solid Republican in politics, and differing from those " who would depart," as he terms it, from the direct path, Mr. Gibson furnishes a favorable ex- ample of the old-school politician. Without waver- ing or looking back, through a long course of years he has steadfastly shown himself in favor of sound political principles and men. With persistent industry, and sometimes under ad- verse circumstances, this gentleman has achieved a 1^ place among his fellows deserving our thoughtful consideration. Amidst trials and losses he has bravely and manfully pushed forward, with a clear conscience and little cause to feel that he has acted unwisely in the emergencies of life. While he has secured to himself a goodly competence he withal trusts in Providence. The sustaining effect of this course, coupled with the good will of his commu- nity, ensures him a happy close to a life alike honor- able and useful. t^ans Johnson is a general farmer and stock- raiser, residing on section 7, Lynn Town- ship, and is the son of Hans Johnson, Sr. He was born in Noithern Sweden, Mar. 24, 1837, and his father lived and died in that country. Our suijject was, at the time of his father's death, about six years of age. His mother, Cathe- rine Carlson, came to this county and died in 1857, shortly after her arrival here. Our subject was the younger of four children, and came with his mother and two sisters to the West, arriving here Sept. 29, 1857, locating in Galva, whither one of his sisters had preceded them in 1855. After his mother's death, Hans began to work about at odd jobs on farms, to earn his own living. His efforts were crowned witii success, and he purchased his present home with his first earnings, in 1882, which contains 80 acres of well-improved and highly cultivated land. September 21, 1878, he met and married Miss Betsie M. Johnson, born in Northern Sweden, Oct. 22, 1855. She was the youngest daugliter of her mother's family, consisting of two girls, and was nine years of age when her parents came to this county, arriving July 14, 1865. They settled in Walnut Grove Township, where they now live, owning 80 acres of land. Mrs. Johnson of this notice lived at home and received the benefits of a limited education in the common schools. She is the mother of two children, one of whom is deceased — Einila E., born March 24, 1882, a remarkably sweet and intelligent child, and Albert E., born Dec. 17, 1879, died Jan. 3, 1886, and buried in Altona Jan. 6, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are members of the Lutheran Church of Altona, and are true and devoted Chris- tians. #^-.^^^ heophilus T. Parmenter. Among the early settlers of Knox County is the re- r^ spected citizen whose name heads this bio- graphical notice. He was born near the village of Greenfield, Franklin Co., Mass., in 1809. The death of his mother occurred when he was seven years of age. The boy, Theoph- ilus, was sent to his grandfather Parmenter, with whom he remained about two years, after which he made his home with his uncle, who resided at Ver- non, Conn., for seven years, assisting in the duties of the farm. At the age of 16 he went to North- field, Mass., where he served an apprenticeship of four years at the tanner's and shoemaker's trade. Having completed this, he went to Rutland, Vt., where he worked for a few months at the tanner's trade. From that place he went to the village of Brandon, and engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes for a short time. In the spring of 1829 he entered into partnership with Isaac Patch, in the town of Fairhaver?, Vt., and followed his trade. October 16, 1832, Mr. Parmenter was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Roxana Warner. In the spring of 1833, he sold out his interest to Mr. H^ ->■ ■^ 604 KNOX COUNTY. Patch, and, accompanied by his wife, emigrated to Albion, Erie Co., Pa., where he engaged in the booi- and-shoe business, and in the fall of 1837, with his wife and family, came to Knoxville, and has since made this his home. Until within the last few years he has been engaged in the bool-and-shoe trade. The household of Mr. and Mrs. Parmenter has been brightened by the birth of eight children — six boys and two girls, seven of whom survive. The life of our subject ha.-i been a very checkered one ; sometimes light and sometimes very dark. He has always found friends \\\\o have been ready to extend a hand of sympathy. Some of them have been called to their reward, while others still remain. The names of the children born to our subject and wife are as follows : George, who lives in Knoxville ; William, resident of Cambridge, Mass.; Allan, who lives at Knoxville; Cliarley also resides at that place ; Elizabeih became the wife of J. W. Craig and lives in Warren County ; Frederick resides at Peoria ; John, deceased; and Mary A, for several years a successful teacher in the public schools in Knoxville. \ K®i t ideon A. Barlow. Prominent among the '■' ^ well-to-do and successful farmers of Knox 'M~ " County, as well as respected and honored ''y|v ' citizens, is the gentleman whose name we \ place at the beginning of this sketch. He is ? a farmer by vocation, and resides on section 16, Lynn Township, on a fine and well-improved farm of 600 acres, where he is actively engaged in the prosecution of his independent calling. Gideon A. Barlow was born in Sullivan County, N. Y., July 16, 1833, his father, Nathan, being a native of the same county, and a farmer by vocation. The parents of our subject were for a portion of the time residents of Virginia and Rhode Island, and were of English lineage. The grandparents of Gid- eon A. came with their families to the United States and located in Sullivan County, N. Y., during the early settlement of that part of the State. They lived to attain a ripe old age, and died in tliat county, with no stain upon their past record. The father of our subject was the second in order of birth of a family of three sons. The eldest lived and died in Sullivan County at an advanced age. He was a boot-and-shoe merchant, and reared a large and prosperous family. The fatlier of our subject was next in order of birth. Thomas lived in Sulli- van County until after his marriage, when he went to Ulster County, and there died in the fall of 1884, after having passed an active and useful life upon the farm. Nathan, Gideon's father, was reared in Sulli- van County to the independent calling of a farmer, and was there married to Athalia Gillett. She was of Irish descent and American parentage, and resided with her parents until her marriage. In 1838 the parents of our subject came West and made settle- ment in La Fayette, Stark County, when that village was a hamlet of three houses. Some two years after their settlement there the family came to this county, and located in Lynn Township, on a tract of land in the east part of the township, on section 24. The father erected a house at Fraker Grove, named in honor of Michael Fraker, the first settler in Lynn Township, the settlement being made in 1832. After .settling at the Grove and residing there for awhile, Mr. Fraker found that it was necessary, in order to. protect the lives of his family from the Indians who were so numerous at that time, that he leave there, but he was told by the Indians that, for his kindness in grinding their corn with his buhrs, neither he nor his family would be molested. Notwithstanding this, he feared treachery and moved to Henderson Grove. ^ Mr. Barlow built a house at the Grove, on the east of Fraker's, which was erected for use as a country tavern, and known as the Travelers' Home. During the years 1849, '50 and '51, his house was a great resort for travelers en route for the gold fields of Cahfornia. Mr. Barlow continued to run the Trav- elers' Home until 1852, when he disposed of it and went to La Fayette, where he ran the La Fayette House until 1861. It was at the latter place that his good wife died, the date of her demise being 1859. Mr. Barlow afterward lived with his son, the subject of tliis notice, until his death, Feb. 16, 1867, aged 63 years. He was a kind father, loving hus- band and respected and honored citizen of all com- munities in which he resided, and had the happy faculty of retaining the friendship of all with whom he became acquainted. Gideon Barlow was about six years of age when his parents came to this Stale. He is the second of a family of three sons who lived to maturity, two having died in infancy. Gideon was reared on his father's farm and there alternately labored and LAJr \ LIBRARY OF THE i:!IVERSITY OF ILUV""? fh KNOX COUNTY. 607 attended the common schools until 23 years of his life had passed. At that age, accepting the advice of his father, he moved to Lynn Township and selected an 80-acre tract of land from the 320 acres which his father owned, and which the father gave him. With nothing but a yoke of oxen, a span of horses and a breaking-plow, he moved upon his unbroken tract of land and at once commenced its improve- ment. All around on ever)- hand stretched the broad, unbroken prairie, with but few, if any, settle- ments upon it. Mr. Barlow was nevertheless deter- mined to succeed and had great faith in the future of the country. He therefore laboied hard upon his land and raised his first crop tliereon pnor 10 the erection of a building. He camped out on the tract and the night was made hideous by the howling wolves, and deer were plenty. Subsequently he erected his residence on the land and continued to add improvemeiits as the years rolled by until to-day he has one of the finest farms in Knox County. His success in his calling and against the trials through which he passed and the obstacles he overcame is attributable to his energy, pluck and perseverance. Mr. Barlow was united in marriage in Stark County, j 111., May 20, 1S56, to Miss Mariha B. Peterson. She I was born in Sweden Oct. 8, 1836, and came with her I parents to this country when seven years of age, at the same lime the Johnson colony came here and with whom the parents were connected. Three years later the parents left the colony and came to this county, making settlement in Copley Township. It was there the mother of Mrs. Barlow died. Sub- sequently her father removed to Henry County, where he is at present residing and the proprietor of 240 acres of good farming land. He is past 82 years of age, and lives retired from the active labors of the farm. Mrs. Barlow is the eldest but one of her parents' family of three children now living. She lived with her husband's parents for seven years prior to her marriage, and is the mother of eight children: Ames married Celinda Hathaway and is a farmer in Lynn Township; William Frederick married Clara Fisher and is also a farmer on his father's farm ; Gid- eon B. resides on the old homestead; Ada L. lives at home and is a teacher in the public schools ; Sher- man A. also lives at home, but is attending school at Galva; Franklin, Horace and Lewis likewise reside with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Barlow are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Barlow is the present .Assessor of his township, and has also held the office of Collector and Commissioner of Highways. He takes great interest in educational matters, and votes with the Republican party. 'VSft illiam Wallace Campbell, whose portrait kSSW we present in connection with this brief outline of his life, was for many years one of the leading and most influential men in Knox County. He was born April 6, 1819, in Bourbon County, Ky. He came to this county in 1863 and at once took an active part in the affairs of the community in which he settled. Before coming here he had resided in Scott County, Ky. His parentage is referred to in the sketch of his brother, James L. Campbell, on page 237. From the notice of his death, apf)earing in the .Abingdon paper Dec. 20, 1876, two days after his death, we glean the following facts, as well showing forth the exalted opinion the community in which he lived had of him. It says : " Although he came to us in stormy times from a Southern State, he won his way at once into our con- fidence and esteem, and as early as 1869 was elected Township .Assessor, and was re-elected four success- ive times. " In 1870 he received the nomination of his party lo the Legislature, and though his party was unable ^t that time to elect, he was seldom afterward allowed to pass an election without some office voluntarily be- stowed by his township, and in 1874 was elected Supervisor, which position he conrinued to fill with great satisfaction during tlie rest of his life. " On coming to Illinois he imported from Ken- tucky, for his sister, with whom he thenceforward re- sided, the nucleus of that herd of Short-horns which, under his guidance and direction, has since become so famous throughout the Northwestern States as Mrs. Byram's herd. Fond to enthusiasm of the Short-horn cattle, and devoted to his sister and her fine family of children, who returned his affectionate and almost more than fatherly solicitude and care with usurious interest, and the pet man of all the country round, he lived his serene and cheer- ful life literally in an atmosphere of love. His aged mother was able to follow his remains to the chapel and sustained her burden of grief with more fortitude ==Jk^ t 608 KNOX COUNTY. than her descendants, strengthened, doubtless, by the confident hope of an earlier reunion in the hap- pier land. " But ' Billy ' Campbell is no more. Indian Point has lost her Supervisor and cannot replace him. The Christian Church has lost a loyal friend and will greatly miss him. Hickory Grove herd has lost its masterful hand and will mutely mourn him. The neighborhood has lost a genial and a useful man. On the streets in Abingdon he was like a morning in June. As he moved along with his burly figure and his merry smile and his kindly greeting, the icicles would drop from the chilled heart, and cankering care would hide itself and even grief would feel as- suaged. Rich and poor, high and low were all the same, for it was only the golden nuggets within the man he valued. Both rich and poor himself, by turns, he mourned no change of fortune, nor let down in dignity and self-respect at the beck and frowns of fortune. He loved a good preacher, a good lawyer, a good stump speaker, and a farmer, and loved to praise them and show their points. In the show- ring he was himself without a rival, and often won ^ the judges as much as his cattle. As a breeder of Short-horns, his reputation extended over the best cattle States, and in his line he had no superior. He ' bred for use and beauty more than fashion, and his judgment was sound and his taste most excellent. It is probable he contributed more than almost any one man toward bringing the general stock of this region to its present high standard. But we shall see him no more in the show-ring, no more at our homes, no more at church, no more at public meetings. May perennial flowers bloom around him, reflecting his memories and his traits. "He died in full communion with his beloved church, enjoying tiie richest comfort of a Christian's faith. Calmly, like an infant on its mother's breast, he dropped asleep, sitting in his chair, and never awoke." '-j^Wli? illiam T. Moore, one of the leading i,,^^^!^ f^^fiiers and prominent men of Knox j|;vS ^^^'^ County, is the subject of this biographical J'|j^> sketch, a brief narration of the particulars ■4ij^ of whose life is given in the ensuing para- 1^ graphs. He owns 160 acres of land in Indian Point Township, situated two and three-quarters miles from Abingdon, and his home is located on section 2. He makes a specialty of the breeding of fine cattle and has a male of the Short-horn breed. He also possesses a fine lot of hogs of the Poland- China breed. Mr. Moore was born March 17, 1845, and reared on his father's farm in Ohio, coming to Illinois in 1856 with his parents, Paul and Jane (Hartsook) Moore. His father was born in Virginia and his mother in Ohio, but his mother died in Knox County May 8, 1875. To them were born five children: Sarah J. is the wife of Morgan Carruthers ; William T. is next in order; Charles, who married Miss Panina Richmond ; Catherine, the wife of a Mr, Clarke; and Martha, who married Mr. James Spencer. The gentleman of whom we write was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Hardsty, Feb. 24, 1870. She was born April 3, 1852, in Indiana, and is daughter of John and Abigail (Callison) Hardsty: Her father died in 1885, and her mother Aug. 5, 1877, in the State of Indiana. There were born to them six children, consisting of four girls and two boys. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are the parents of five chil- dren — Daisey A., born Aug. 24, 1875 ; John C, Sept. 6, 1877; William H., Nov. 28, 1882; George C, Nov. 8, 1885; and Leonard P., born Feb. 4, 1872; Tondella died in infancy. Mr. Moore is an active public man, and takes a keen interest in politics. He is a Republican in sentiment and vote. I Ifred Thurman, deceased, came to Knox County about 1851, and for a time taught school in Salem Township, after which he MJS' worked out by the month on a farm. He sub- lip^ sequently formed a partnership with a Mr. 1 Steel in the dry goods business in Farraington. This they carried on successfully for a short time, when our subject removed to Uniontown, Salem Township, where he purchased a dry goods store and remained there for four years, then returned to Farmington, carrying on this business for some months. His next removal was to Maquon Town- ship, whither he removed his stock of dry goods, locating his store near the distillery. He remained there for some time, after which he went to Leaven- UL!= i KNOX COUNTY. —il^ 609 worth, Kan., and one year later again returned to Maquon. During all this time he was engaged in the mercantile business. Upon his final settlement at Maquon he formed a partnership with David Housh, where he remained until his demise. Mr. Thurman was married to Barbara Housh, at Knoxville, Aug. 3, 1854. She was the daughter of David and Elizabeth (Thornbrough) Housh. (See sketch of A. C. Housh.) Mrs. Tliurman was born in Haw Creek Township, Aug. 20, 1836, and by this union became the mother of two daughters — Flor- ence and Emma C. Florence M. is the wife of Benjamin S. Green, and they are at present residing at Peoria; Mrs. Green is the mother of three chil- dren, viz.: George A., Sophia B. and Benjamin J.; Emma C. died when three months old. Mrs. Thurman was again married, in Haw Cieek Township, this time to William H. H. Green. Mr. Green was a native of Maryland, and settled in Maquon Township, where he and his brother pur- r chased a distillery of David Housh, which they car- 1 ried on for some years. He afterward followed . farming and subsequently removed to the village of Maquon, where his death occurred Sept. 5, 18S2. Mr. Green's first wife was Amanda Housh, a sister of his second. The former was the mother of two children — Sophia E. and George B. Her demise took place in November, 1870. George died in in- fancy. By his second marriage he had born to him three children — Harry D., Clinton B. and Annie E. ; the first died in infancy. Mrs. Green is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. jTlJi ohn Shumaker. Coi.spicuous among the leading citizens and farmers whose names are recorded in the annals of Knox County, and stand o it in that bold relief which the re- flected honor of well-spent and industrious lives lends to them, is that of John Shumaker, whose homestead stands on section 12 of Indian Point Township, and who is said to be one of the best informed agriculturists in this section of the country. Mr. Shumaker was born in Jackson County, Ohio, Sept. 25, 1819, and came with his parents to this county in 1839, settling here where John Shumaker now lives. The name of his father was John and of his mother Sally ( Wolfe nbarger) Shumaker; the former was born in Germany and came to America when but four years of age, settling in Greenbrier County, Va. Subsequently he moved to Ohio, where he died. The date of his birth was March 26, 1785, and he passed from earth in 1859. The mother, who survived him ten years, died in 1869, the date of her birth being March 3, 1780. She was born in Greenbrier County, Va. The subject of this personal narrative was united in marriage with Miss Abigail Leigh, who was born Sept. 2, 1827, in Gallia County, Ohio. She was the daughter of Robert and Mary (Booth) Leigh. The date of their marriage was Sept. 4, 1844, and the ceremony performed by Esquire Massey.of Herman. The parents of Mrs. Shumaker were born in Mas- sachusetts, the father in 1795, and his wife Sept 14, 1805. He died at Illinois in May, 1866, and his wife, who survives him, resides at Herman. The broth- ers and sisters of Mrs. Shumaker are: .'Vdeline, who married A. Long, is dead ; she left two children, both sons; Booth; Caroline, who married William Berry; IJ both she and her husband are dead, having left two daughters and one son ; Benjamin died in September, 1866, and left a widow and two children; Clarke . and Elizabeth. The brothers and sisters of her hus- band are as follows : Polly, Catherine, Jacob, James, Peggy and two who died in infancy. Jacob died Nov. 19, 1881, in his seventh year. Mr. and Mrs. Shumaker have a family consisting of 17 children, one of whom died in infancy, viz.: Robert, born Sept. 2, 1845, married Jane Shumaker and lives in Knox County; Fidelia, born Oct. 27, 1846, died May 22, 1862; Harrison, born April 9, 1848, married Miss Prudy Shumaker; Sally, born Oct. 25, 1849, is the wife of Mr. S. Meek; Mary, born Aug. 25, 185 i, married Mr. M. Snyder; Will- iam, born March 29, 1853, married Miss Ella Cash- man; Charles E, born Feb. 29, 1855, died at the early age of two years, Sept. 20, 1856 ; Clarke, born Jan. 24, 1857. married Miss Annie Fuller; Ida, born April 24, 1858, died Nov. 30, 1878; she was the wife of Franklin Bond, of this township, and they had one son, named Harley Bond; Niles, born March 12, i860, died Dec. 24, 1S63; James, born Jan. 8, 1862, died April 5, 1864; Theodore, l)orn Oct. 7, 1863, died Feb. 12, 1865; Dell, born April kJli^ ^M- *^^l 6io KJVOX COUNTY. 4-^ S, 1865; Carrie, born Nov. 28, 1866, died in 1868; Cora, born Sept. 24, 1868; and Edna, March 16, 1870. Mr. Shumaker is the owner of 190 acres of excel- lent land; he has a good dwelling-house and con- venient out-buildings, and is engaged in the rearing of cattle and horses. He has 14 head of Short -horn cattle, and a bull, named Gladstone, two years of age. The name of Mr. Sliumaker's farm is the " Gold Mine Herd Farm," and it is located four and a half miles southeast of Abingdon, about two and a half miles northwest from Herman. His location is beautiful, giving a fine view of the surrounding coun- try, with its gently undulating surface and fields of waving grain. Looking it over, he may well think proudly, "I am monarch of all I survey." In con- nection with his farming interests and breeding of cattle, he raises Clydesdale horses, and has an inter- est in two stallions — Romeo and Western Monarch, three and five years of age respectively. He has been very successful in his stock-raising ventures, and, in truth, in nearly everything he has attempted. jl^Both himself and wife are able and useful members ^of the society in which they mingle, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Her- man. He is an evidence of the truth of the saying, J " Nothing succeeds like success." In politics he was originally an old-line Whig, and when the Re- publican party came into power he joined that or- ganization and has been a Republican ever since. ^1 eorge Houston, deceased, one of the early settlers of Lynn Township, and a gentleman highly respected as a citizen and successful as a farmer and stock-raiser, is he of whom we write. George Houston was born in Steuben County, N. Y., July 11, 1804. He was the son of Alex, and Elizabeth (Mills) Houston, natives of York State, and his father a farmer by vocation. When George Houston, who was one of 11 chil- dren, was three years of age, his parents moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. There, four years later, George's father died, and his mother, together with her family of children, moved to Hamilton, Butler County, in that State, and it was while living there that the de- mise of our subject's mother occurred when in her 71st year. It was also in that county, at Hamilton, that George grew to manhood, in the meantime de- voting his time to agricultural pursuits. Almost the first thing he did after attaining his majority — that is, after he had had about four years to think the matter over — was to unite himself in marriage with Miss Susan Stewart, the date of their nuptials being Nov. 12, 1839. His. bride was born in Clermont County, and was there reared to womanhood, and there resided until within a short time prior to her marriage. Her father was a farmer, and both her parents died in Indiana, the major portion of their lives, however, having been passed in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Houston became the parents of two chil- dren. Matilda became the wife of Fred Mack, a machinist by trade ; Martin was married and is at present a resident of Utah. It was while Mr. and Mrs. Houston were living near Hamilton. Butler Co., Ohio, that the wife and mother died, the date of her demise being in 1844. Mr. Houston formed a second matrimonial alli- ance with Miss Nancy J. Harr, Aug. 21, 1851 ; she was born near Hami'ton, Ohio, Feb. 26, 1829. She is a daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Moudy) Harr. Mrs. Harr was born in Hagerstown, Washington Co., Md., in 1798; the father in Lancaster County, Pa., in 1786. The father was reared in his native county, but went to Washington County, Md., prior to his marriage, where he was engaged in farming. Shordy after his marriage he moved to Butler County, Ohio, where he became actively engaged in agricult- ural pursuits, and at the time of his death — 1855 — owned a valuable property. Later his wife, mother of Mrs. Houston, went to Clay County, Ind., where her demise occurred, in March, 1868. Mrs. Houston was the younger but two of a family of 1 1 children, seven of whom are living at this writ- ing, and all married. One lives in Iowa, three in Indiana, two in Missouri and one in this State. Mrs. Houston was educated in the public schools, and continued to reside with her parents until her mar- riage. She is an intelligent lady, and has kept time with the progress of events since the time of her school days, by continual reading. The same year that our subject was married they came to this State and located in what is now the thriving city of Peoria. There Mr. Houston was en- gaged in mercantile pursuits for a number of years, t KNOX COUNTY. 6ii meeting with more than ordinary success. In 1856 he abandoned the busy life of a city, came to this county, and purchased 320 acres of wild prairie land, on section 4, in Lynn Township, on which he located with his family and at once engaged in its improve- ment and cultivation, and where he continued to re- side until his death. The tract which he originally purchased presents afar different appearance to day, it being under advanced cultivation and having thereon elegant improvements, and valued at §85 per acre. This fine competency Mr. Houston left unincumbered to his wife and children at the date of his demise. He was a gentleman active and ener- getic in every measure he thought was for the benefit of the community in which he resided, and was never known to turn a deaf ear to true charily, and died respected by all who knew him for his honesty and straightforwardness. His death occurred at his home while his good wife was visiting at Hamilton, Ohio, Dec. 22, 1874, the cause being heart disease, he having suffered considerable for some years prior to his death. In politics he was a stanch Democrat ; in religion liberal, and socially a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the Blue Lodge at Galva, and the Chapter at Kewanee. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Houston has successfully managed the farm, together with the assistance of her sons. She has at the same time devoted considerable of her time to the education of her children, and in every instance has been re- warded by their success in acquiring knowledge. The issue of her union with Mr. Houston was 11 children. The living are Jennie K., wife of Byron H. Richardson, a resident of Eureka, Kan.; he is en- gaged in the lumber business at that place, in which he is meeting with success ; they have three children living, whose names are Clara B., George E. and Evalina. Josephine became the wife of John W. Guthrie, wuo is an extensive cattle-dealer at Omio, Kan.; they have three children, namel Vir- gia, Nancy and Deborah Maud. Delxjrah was the wife of J. F. Cuuimings, deceased. Frances C. mar- ried Albert Stuckey, a farmer in Walnut Grove Town- ship, and has one child, named Glenn H. Alex. C. lives at Hamilton, Kan., and is engaged in the lum- ber business in connection with Mr. Richardson. Delia is a teacher in the public schools of this county; she is a graduate of the High School at Galva, and also of Knox College, Galesburg. George M. attended the Business College at Davenport, Iowa, and is superintending a farm now. Sam J. resides near Randall, Kan , and is engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising. Mills R. lives at home and assists his mother in running the farm. Luella was born Nov. 27, 1870, and died Feb. 8, 187 i. Laura N. also resides on the old homestead and assists her mother at the household duties, having received n good education in the common schools. Mrs. Hous- ton, together with five of her daughters and one of her sons, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. — #^ — artin W. Gay, President of tiie Second National Bank, Galesburg, capitalist, real estate and money broker at that city, is a native of Bridgeport, Addison Co., Vt., ^ whence his parents, Luther and Eliza (VVaier- ) man) Gay, removed with their family to Knox County in 1836. The farm upon which the senior Mr. Gay located was the northwest quarter of section 3, lying in "l Galesburg Township and about two miles north of the town as then laid out. Here the old gentleman spent the rest of his life, dying in 1858, in the 60th year of his age. His widow survived him only about one year and died at the age of 59 years. The Gay family, so far as is known, came originally from England ; the Waterman family probably came from Ireland and were of Scotch ancestry. Both families were found to have been among the colonists of New England, where their names are more familiar to-day than in any other part of the country. The subject of our sketch is the eldest of three sons, the two younger being Theodore R. Gay, now of San Diego, Cal., and William H. Gay, Ticket Agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R., at Aurora, 111. M. W. Gay was born Dec. 17, 1822 ; he was therefore a lad of 14 years when the family arrived here. At that time the schools of Galesburg were of a most excel- lent character, a fact easily traceable in the lives of the men who were lx)ys here 50 years ago. Young Gay attended the Galesburg school, acquiring thereat a thorough English education. His early desire, and intention in fact, was to study law. but from some cause that idea was abandoned, and the only thing he ever embarked in approximating a profession was -fr^Z 612 KNOX COUNTY. ""^f* that of school teacher. In 1849 he started a gen- eral store in Henderson Township, and conducted it with more or less success for about seven years. In 1864 he came to Galesburg and engaged at once in his present business and lias here remained. He was one of the organizers of the Second National Bank of this city, a member of its first Board of Directors, and of every succeeding Board, except one year. Mr. Gay is a reliable Republican; no office seeker, never held or desired to hold a political office in his life ; is identified with no particular church and has never belonged to any secret order. He was married at Galesburg, Oct. 3, 1872, to Miss Loraine E. Gay, who is a native of Vermont. Her parents came to this county in 1857. They were Joseph and Maria (Rhodes) Gay, both deceased. ■.o4o..@y^>V«i^-o |Ustin Gaines, one of the retired farmers of Knox County, is the occupant of a hand- some residence on section 24, Copley Township, and ranks high among the good men of the county — not only morally good, but possessing the enterprise, perseverance and in- tegrity which are the attributes of all citizens to ' whom the term is properly applied. He was born in Connecticut, Oct. 10, 1812, and his parents are Sam- uel and Esther (Blakesly) Gaines, natives of Con- necticut. The father died in September, 1834, in Delaware County, N. Y., while the mother came to Illinois in 1842, and lived with her children a num- ber of years, her death occurring in r862. They had a family of eight children, four of whom are still liv- ing— Austin, Linda, Nelson and Harriet ; those de- ceased are Esther, Clarissa, Sylvester and Elmira. The subject of our biography was the second child in order of birth. He comitienced to learn the wagon trade at the age of 17, served four years, and then went to work for himself, continuing at his trade for 27 years. He moved to Ohio in 1836, and ^lere lived three years. He then emigrated to Illinois, which was at the beginning of 1840. Settling in Cop- ley Township, he purchased 80 acres on section 2, and lived on the same eight years. At the e.vpiration of that time, he sold out and purchased 220 acres in sec- tion 25, Copley Township, afterward adding almost 400 acres. On this he hved until r884. He then moved onto section 24, where he now lives. He was united in marriage, in 1836, with Henrietta Olmsted, and they are the parents of eight children, five still hving — Darius, Homer, George, Harvey and Chauncey. Darius is married to Vashti Cherington, and of their union three children have been born, as follows: Samuel, Clara and Chauncey E. ; they are now living in Adair County, Iowa ; Homer is a merchant in Greenfield, Iowa; he married Martha Boyer, and the result of their union is six boys — Frank, Judson, Arthur, Harley, Daniel and Robert; George Gaines united in marriage with Rachel Knapp, and four children are the result of this alliance — William C, Myra, Clinton and George; he has a farm in Copley Township ; Harvey took to wife Ellen Cook ; three children were born to them — Susan Henrietta, Angie Belle and Elton H. ; they are living on the old homestead; Mrs. Harvey Gaines died April 20, 1885 ; Chauncey married Charity Rick- son, and they have four children — Clarence A., Ma- bel, Irene and Howard R.; Chauncey is cashier of a bank in Oakland, California; Mrs Austin Gaines died July 20, 1865. For his second wife, Mr. Gaines married Mrs. Ange- line Dales, the daughter of John and Betsy Ann (Dur- ham) Levalley. They came to Illinois in 1843, and settled in Henderson Township, where they lived until the death of the father in i860 ; the mother survived ' him a number of years, and died in 187 1. Mr. Gaines was in the grocery business in Galva, Henry County, for two years. Mr. Austin Gaines is in conversation a markedly pleasant and congenial man, and by his affable man- ners and agreeable behavior, coupled with sterling worth, has won the respect and esteem of those about him, and could be elected to any office in his town- ship, and probably in his county. He is a Republican in politics, and held the offices of Constable and Township Collector. Mrs. Gaines is a member of the Baptist Church. obert D. Thompson is a farmer and stock- breeder of Knox County whose prominence and influence are unquestioned, while his ability in his chosen field has brought decided success. He is a man of extreme usefulness in the community, and spares no effort to forward all moral and religious movements intro t §4: -•^^-^ KNOX COUNTY. 6'3 duced, both by personal endeavor and with financial support. Mr. Thompson was born in Monmouth Coimty, N. J., Nov. 24, i8i2. and at the age of 13 emigrated with his parents to Cincinnati, Ohio. Land was pur- chased in Clermont County, where our subject lived until 1855, in the fall of which year he came to Illi- nois, locating on section 11, in Chestnut Township, where he now lives. Mr. Thompson was united in the bonds of matri- mony with Miss Margaret Sloan, in 1831. She was a native of Clermont County, Ohio, born in 1809, and departed this life in 1853, leaving a large family cir- cle, consisting of 13 children. Her remains were in- terred at Edenton, Ohio. The names of her chil- dren were as follows: James, William, Elizabeth, Benton, Malvina, Jane, Robert, Alice and five who died in infancy. In 1854 our subject formed a second matrimonial connection with Miss Aime J. Baremor, a native of the State of New Jersey. She was born April 21, 1826, and resulting from this union was the birth of • seven children, four living and the remainder de- ceased. The names of the living are David, Charles, Ella and Lillie. David united in marriage with Miss Clara Nichols ; Charles married Miss Clara Rockenfield and they have three children, and are residents of Barber County, Kan ; Ella is the wife of Henry Gibson, of Iowa, and they have two children ; Lillie remains at home. Mr. T. is the owner of 345 acres of land, alLin one body, on which stand two convenient and pleasant dwelling-houses. He is a man of considerable pop- ularity and ixjwer; is a member of Maquon Lodge, No. 530, A. F. & A. M., joining the fraternity in 1855. He belongs to Knoxville Chapter and Gales- burg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. He has filled the stations in the South and West at different limes, and esteras and upholds Masonic principles with unabat- ed zeal. He also belongs to the I. O. O. F., having joined the order in 185 i, and is a member of the En- campment at Abingdon. He has filled all the offices in the subordinate lodge, and has proved a help rather than a hindrance, in that he has never drawn upon them financially to any extent. He is of a lit- erary turn of mind and possessed of high mental at- tainments. He was educated in the Methodist Epis- copal doctrines by his parents, but is at the present time a Univcrsalist in belief, besides being the pos- sessor of pure and high morality and a strong belief in the Golden Rule. He donated liberally toward the erection of the First Methodist Church at Ma- quon, and is ever ready to forward all church move- ments or anything in which the good of the commu- nity at large is concerned. He is well known as a devoted husband and father, and his latter days have passed by peacefully " as a tale that is told." Evi- dently he is a man of deeds, not of words. Politi- cally he is a Jeffersonian Democrat, and has stuck to his party principles through evil as well as good re- port. ohu Wilson, a farmer, residing on section 27, Galesburg Township, was born in Per- sifer Township Sept. 23, 1 84 1. He is the son of Francis and Elizabeth (McPherrin) Wil- |C son. (See sketch of Francis Wilson.) Mr. Wil- son was born March t, i8og, in Pennsylvania. She was born Dec. 15, 1819, and died Aug. 15, 1882; the former is still living. She moved to Illinois in 1835, and married Mr. Wilson Nov. 26, 1840, in Knoxville, this county. They had five children, as follows : John, James A., Francis M., Drucilla J. and Mary E. ; the two girls being deceased. Mr. John Wilson married Miss Annie Carr Sept. 5, 1865. She was born in Vinton County, Ohio, Dec. 21, 1843, and came to Illinois in 1864. They have two children living — William C, born July 27, 1866, and Katie M., born June 6, 1875. Mrs. Wil- son is the daughter of Cornelius and Catherine (Lotts) Carr. He was a native of Connecticut, where he was born in 1801, inheriting the rugged vir- tues of that land of steady habits, and died in Ohio, Sept. 5, 1877. His wife was born July 4, 1804, and is still living in the latter State. They had si.\ chil- dren—Marshall P., Caroline Carr, Sylvester, John K., Annie and Harriet S. Annie, the youngest of the family, married Mr. John Wilson, the subject of this sketch Mr. Wilson is really one of the pioneers of this county, having been born, as above stated, within its limits, and has witnessed its growth from the wilds of the prairie to one of the most populous and thrifty counties of the State. He has 280 acres of fine land in this section, all under a high state of cul- tivation. He has a fine ciwelling-house, two stories high and built at a cost of §4,000. It is elegantly u 614 £;j\rOX COUNTY. finished in all its departments, and has a fine base- ment under the entire building. Mr. Wilson bought this farm m 187 i, and has since begun the breeding of Polled-Angus catde, thus keepii.g pace with the enter- prise and improvement of the day. He has on his farm 2,4Co rods of tile draining, of from four to eight inch tile; he has also three miles of good hedge fence and a beautiful maple grove around his dwelling. Mr. Wilson is a Democrat like his father before him, and practices the principles of toleration pecul- iar to the Declaration of Independence as enunciated by Thomas Jefferson. He is an enterprising, public- spirited citizen, a good neiphbor and a successful business man, and keeps up with the improvements of his time. — >S— * o-fa?-o— #— ?<— rank S. Beamer, a goodly land owner of Persifer Township, and one of the re- spected and honored citizens of the county, as well as successful farmers, is the gentleman whose biographical notice we write. He re.- sides on section 8, in Persifer Township, and J is there industriously engaged in the prosecution of that most independent of all callings, farming, meet- ing with signal success. Mr. Beamer came to this county in the spring of 1867, from Adams County, Pa , and made settlement in Knox Township. There he lived and labored, engaged in agricultural pursuits, for about ten years, when he moved to Persifer Township, and settled on the farm on which he is at present residing, which now consists of about 175 acres, finely cultivated. Mr. Beamer was born in Gettysburg, Pa., March 10, 1844, and was the fourth child of a family of ten children, viz. : Henry H., Harriet E., Walter J., F. S. (our subject), John, Jacob H., Emma, Philip, Charles and Martha. John, Charles and Martha are deceased. The subject of this history was a resident of his native State until he came to this county. Soon after the breaking out of the late war, in October, 1862, he enlisted in the 165th Pa. Vol. Inf. for nine months. He afterward served in an independent company for 100 days, and in February, 1865, again enlisted, this time joining the 74th Pa. Vol. Inf., and served until the close of the war. His business has been that of agriculture, in which he has met with success through his own energy and perseverance. Mr. Beamer was married in Knoxville, Feb. 25, 1869, to Mary A. England, a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Koons) England. (See sketch of the England family.) Mrs. Beamer was born in Bedford County, Pa., May 17, 1850, and two children have been born to them — Harry E., born May 12, 1870, and Maggie A., born April 25, 1872. Mr. Beamer has held the office of School Director and likewise that of School Trustee and Commis- sioner of Highways. His parents were Jacob and Polly (Wentz) Beamer, natives of the Keystone State, and his father was a farmer by vocation. In politics our subject casts his vote with the Republican party. harles G. Gibbs, present Supervisior of p^^ Lynn Township, was born Sept. 8, 1842, 1^" in Camden County, New Jersey. He is the ®fe) eldest son of Joseph D. and Elizabeth (Get- j\ singer) Giblxs. His father was born in 1817, ' in the same county and State. His mother is a native of Cape May County, N. J. She was the daughter of Christopher and Catherine (Allman) Get- singer. Both the parents s'ill survive, and are resi- dents of Lynn Township. They removed to Phila- delphia in 1843, and in 1857 came West to Knox County, 111. Charles G. remained at home until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in Co. D, ist 111. Cav. The regiment was mustered in at St. Louis. They remained in service until 1862, when they were mustered out and discharged. The com- mand was captured and released on parole, in which was specified that they were " not to bear arms against the Southern Confederacy." This mistake in the papers compelled their discharge from the serv- ice. He subsequently enlisted in the 31st Mo. Vol, Inf,and was mustered out and honorably discharged in 1863. He then returned home and engaged in, farming, in which he still continues. November 16, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca F. Gibbs, a daughter of Jonathan Gibbs. Four children have been born to them. One died in infancy and one in its third year. Wallace and Pearl are the names of those living, aged respectively ten and five years. Mr. Gibbs is a member of Galva Post, No. 33, G. A. R., and also a member of the Masonic frater- nity. Politically he has always been a stanch Re- publican. At present he represents his township in the Board of Supervisors. *v KNOX COUNTY. 6' fustin Grant. It is with pleasure that we write these few facts gathered from the life of one of Knox County's most respected and honored citizens as well as successful and well-to-do farmers. Austin Grant is one of the oldest settlers living who made settlement in Lynn Township, and there, on section 13, he may be found actively and energetically engaged in that most independent of all callings, agriculture, together with the raising of stock. His farm is a fine one, and surrounded by a happy family he is passing the sunset of life in the enjoyment of a well-earned com- petency, respected by all who know him and hon- ored for his sterling worth and integrity. Mr. Grant was born in Windsor, Broome Co., N. Y., Dec. 30, 1807. His father, Joshua Grant, was a native of Connecticut and was formerly engaged in the lumber business, but during the latter portion of his life followed the vocation of farming. He was married in Sullivan County, N. Y., to Thalia Howard, who was born and reared in that county. The Grants were of New England parentage and Scotch descent, and the Howards of English ancestry. The grandmother of our subject, Betlie Davis, nee Stone, was born in England, and while yet young in life em- igrated to the United States. By her former marriage with Josiah Stone she had two children, both of whom are deceased, one having been drowned in a well. The paternal and maternal grandparents of our subject died in the Eastern States. The parents of Austin Grant came West in 1839, and made settlement in Walnut Grove Township, near Altona. They were very early settlers there, and at that time the country was unimproved and the hand of civilization hardly visible. The father of our subject secured a tract of raw prairie land, on which he located with his family and engaged actively in its cultivation and improvement, and there lived and la- bored until his death, which occurred Jan. 6, 1867. He was a Whig prior to the organization of the Re- publican party, at which time he joined the ranks of the latter and continued to vote with it until his de- mise. The mother of our subject died May 4, 1853. They were in moderate circumstances, honest, genial and industrious, and members of the Christian Church. Austin Grant's early life was spent with his father and mother, and he succeeded in securing a fair ed- ucation at the common schools. While he was yet young his parents moved to Ontario County, N. Y. On becoming a young man, at the age of 18, he bought his time of his father, and went to Sullivan County, in his native State, and while there worked for a second cousin, Amos Grant. When 20 years of age our subject formed the acquaintance of Sarah J. Gillette, of Sullivan County, to whom he was mar- ried Nov. 27, 1828. She was born and reared in Sul- livan County, and her father followed farming and turning of woodenware for a livelihood, and died in that county and State. Mrs. Grant continued to re- side with them during her early life and until het marriage with the subject of this notice. She became the mother of three children, two of whom are de- ceased : Helen became the wife of Maj. Samuel White, a resident of La Fayette, Stark Co. III., a successful business man and manufacturer of tile, etc. Mrs. White has borne her husband tour chil- dren, two of whom are living — Gillette Jane and •M— « -k^ 6i8 KNOX COUNTY. left Knox (the gold riving in I ^and in C< Ulysses Grant ; Louisa and Austin John died, aged II and loj^ years respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Grant for ten years after their mar- riage lived in Sullivan County, where Mr. Grant was engaged in the lumber and tanner's business and va- rious other interests. In 1838 he and his brother-in- law built a flatboat and came down the Ohio River to Cincinnati, and thence by steamer to St. Louis, and lived on the American Bottom, near East St. Louis, where Mr. G. worked for Ames Hall, who recognized his energy and ability to such an extent that he was willing to pay and did pay twice what he paid to others for the same work. Mr. Grant returned sev- eral times to work for Mr. Hall, and received good wages, this being all the ready money he could then obtain. After coming to this county he worked around for a while, and finally determined to " make a stake," and consequently went to California, hoping to better his financial condition by digging gold. He left Kno.x County May 11, 1849, during the year that fever was at its height in this country, ar- Salt Lake City in October of the same year, •jand m California in July, 1850. He was gone from there three years and a half, and contrary to the ex- perience of a large majority of persons who went there to dig a fortune from the earth, and who returned ' penniless, our subject was successful and made con- siderable money. He nevertheless, while in Califor- nia, went through many trials and suffered consider- ably from sickness, but his success was assured and he returned to this county well remunerated for his time and labor. Commg back to this county in No- vember, 1852, our subject, in the spring, bought the land where he now lives, the northeast quarter of section 24, and at once began to make improvements and perfect his title tliereto. His landed possessions at the present time are 264 acres, and he has one of the best improved farms in the county, well stocked. In addition to the cultivation of his land, he has to no inconsiderable extent devoted his time to the raising of stock. He has given his daughter a goodly prop- erty, and yet has a sufficiency for hmiself. The sad- dest event which has marked the life of our subject was that which occurred Aug. 21, 1875, when his faithful companion, who had borne her part of the trials through which they passed to prosperity, died. She was a most estimable lady, a good wife, a kind mother and a generous friend and neighbor; relig- iously a Baptist. Mr. Grant is a Universalist in his rehgious views, and politically a Republican. He is a gentleman who has never sought office, but has been honored with that of Road Commissioner, as well as others of minor import. Seventy-nine years of life have silvered his tairs, and his reputation is that of an honorable and upright man, generous to a fault and ever turning a listening ear to charity. Ev- ery enterprise that is calculated to benefit the com- munity in which he resides finds in him a strong ad- vocate and friend. He has contributed largely of his means to the Lombard University at Galesburg, and the poor of Lynn Township recognize in him a true friend and benefactor. jfmes A. Barlow. Knox County is dotted over with as rich and productive farms as ^^ " are to be found anywhere within the bor- ders of the great Prairie State, and on them are found fine improvements, brought about by the ' economy and energy of the proprietors. As a truly representative citizen of this county, and one possessing the necessary qualifications for success as )>< an agriculturist, we take pleasure in mentioning the subject of this biographical notice. He is a son of Gideon A. Barlow, of whom we have spoken else- where in this work. Ames Barlow was born in La Fayette, Stark Co., 111., Feb. 25, 1857. His early life was spent at home, assisting his parents and attend- ing the common schools, until he was about 22 years of age. His education was supplemented by attend- ance at the Galva and Davenport (Iowa) schools, from which latter he graduated in the commercial department, March 29, 1879. Soon after graduating at Davenport, Mr. Barlow, Aug. 17, 1879, was united in marriage with Miss Celinda Hathaway, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of Arthur T. and Jane (Mowatt) Hathaway, natives of Massachusetts and Scotland respectively. Miss Mowatt's father came to the United States when quite young. Mr. Hathaway was married in Chicago, and later went to Muskegon, Mich., where he was engaged in the lumber business, and wlience he came to Galva, 111. Mrs. Barlow's father was born Oct. 21, i82i,in Berkshire County, Mass., of En- glish parentage. He was reared in Massachusetts, and when 15 years of age came West. In 1839 he went to Chicago, and 11 years later, in 1850, made *T" *4U^ KNOX COUNTY. 6,9 '^* a trip to California overland. He remained in that country until 1852, when he returned to New York, and from there he went to Michigan and engaged in the lumber business. Jan. 12, 1856, he went to Galva, and was occupied in the lumber business in that place until 1S74. then farmed till 1883, when he removed to Galva, where he is at present residing. He has been successful in business and is the owner of 600 acres of land near Galva, besides considerable in Iowa. His wife was Jane Mowatt, of Scotland, who was the mother of six children, four of whom survive. Celinda, who married the subject of this biographical notice, was born July 10, t856; she was a resident of her father's household until her mar- riage with Mr. Barlow, having prior to that time re- ceived a good education at the High School in Galva. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Barlow two children have been born — Lawrence W., Dec. 4, 1880, and Mabel. April i, 18S3. After their marriage Mr. and f Mrs. Barlow settled on the farm of 60 acres which I Mr. B. had previously purchased. At this writing 1 Mr. Barlow, in partnership with his brother-in-law, is ? operating some 400 acres of land. They are to a considerable extent engaged in stock-breeding, the Percheron horses being their specialty. Mr. Barlow has held the office of Township Clerk for five years, and is the present incumbent of that office. In politics he is a stanch Republican, and in his chosen vocation is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance are sure to bring. ^B^l'. oshua Brown. Prominent among the old i^SB',~ and reliable citizens of Knox County, and WS>" tnofc especially among the members of the "'(•'ji agricultural community, may be found the sub- j^t ject of this biography, some of the imjwrtant \ f>oints in whose life history are herein written. Mr. Brown was born in Meade County, Ky., May 10, 1815, and was the son of Samuel and Henrietta (Hobbs) Brown. The former was a native of Penn- sylvania and moved to Kentucky, where he married. His wife was a native of Kentucky, and Mr. Brown died in that State when his son was about 14 years of age. His widow subsequently, in November, 1 830, removed with five of her unmarried children to Knox County. Her elder sons purchased land and commenced farming, while the mother continued to live with her children until her death, which took place in 1861. Joshua Brown was in the Black Hawk War, under Capt. McMurtrie, and received his land warrant for 160 acres. He was too old to lake an active part in the late war, but he con- tributed of his means and with his influence from his home. He was selected by the members of Co. B, io2d III. Vol. Inf., to distribute to their families their hard earnings, all uniting in desiring Mr. B. to accept the trust. In the fall of 1830 our subject emigrated from Kentucky to Knox County. In this place he settled, with a heart full of energy and a strong right arm to work out his projects. He made Henderson Town- ship the field of his operations, and has lived in that section of country ever since, with the exception of two years spent in the city of Galesburg, while still continuing to direct the cultivation of the farm. He has devoted his attention wholly to agricultural pur- 1 suits since his initiatory steps into Knox County, and at the present time is in possession of about 200 acres in Knox County, under good cultivation, and "^ 80 acres in Warren County, with good, substantial buildings. In Warren County he took to his heart and home ^ a life companion in the person of Miss Mary Ste- vens, daughter of James and Nancy (Miles) Stevens, natives of Indiana. Mrs. Brown was born in Harri- son County, Ind., April 3, 1823, and has borne her husband two children — Henrietta and Marshall J., the latter of whom died Aug. 11, 1876, and since the death of his son Mr. Brown has rented his farm, though continuing to live on the old homestead, having on his place a comfortable tenant house. Marshall J. was married to Martha Bandy, and at the time of his death left three children — George F., Mary and Laura, an infant who died at the age of ten months. His farm joins that of his father on the south. He was a member of the Universalist society in this neighborhood, and a man of fine char- acter and integrity. He was active and enterprising in his business and more than ordinarily successful. Henrietta is the wife of Samuel Fletcher, and has a home in the city of Galesburg. Mr. Fletcher is a merchant tailor. They are the parents of four chil- dren — Mark Brown, Samuel Earl, Carl Joshua and Ralph Benjamin ; the two eldest are deceased. -H^ ■±~ 4* 620 XJVOX COUNTY. In religious faith Mr. and Mrs. Brown are Uni- versalists, and Mr. B. is a Republican in politics. Agriculture has been his leading pursuit, although for many years he has been encraged in stock raising and breeding. A view of the homestead of Mr. Brown is given on another page in this Album. <^ ddisou P. Higgins resides on section 4 of j( Galesburg Township, and follows the call- '^ ing of farming. He is largely a self-made man, and was born Nov. 2, 1844. He is the son of Americus C. Higgins, the latter being born in Onondaga County, N. Y., in 1815, on the 7th of August. This latter came to Illinois in 1807 and located in Knox County, where he married Miss Lucy Gridly, in 1840. She was a native of Onondaga County, N. Y., where she was born April 3, 1815. This lady was of English origin, and by her ' union with Americus Higgins became the mother of three children — Phineas C, born in 1842; Addison P. on Nov. 2, 1844, and Frank G. on Dec. 22, 1846. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch mar- ried Mattie J. Meacham on Feb. 19, 1874. She was born Nov. 23, 1848, in DuPage County, 111., at her home in Bloomingdale. Her parents were Cyrus and Lyma S. (Atwood) Meacham. Her father was born in Oswego, N. Y., Nov. 18, 181 1. Her mother was born in New Elstade, N. H , in the year 1812. This good lady died on the 5th of April, 1865. She was the happy mother of five children, viz.: Almeda E., born June 23, 1843; Harriet L., born April 2, 1844; Sarah A., in 1846; Mattie J., Nov. 23, 1848, and Helen, April 13, 1852. This latter child died on the i6th of May, 1884. With the exception of Almeda, all these children are married and settled in life. Mr. Meacham mar- ried Mrs. Phelps on the 8th of October, 1866, for his second wife. S'le was born in New York in 1840, and located in Galesburg subsequently. There were no children born to this last marriage, and Mr. Meacham and his wife now reside at Oak Park, 111. Mr. Higgins' brother, Phineas, is the father of six children, viz. : Jennie, born in 1874; Paul, 1866; Lucian, 1868; Alva, 1870; Money, 1883, and Tliyra in 1884. The marriage of which the above children are the issue proved exceedingly happy. On the i8th of February, 1864, Mr. Higgins' brother married Miss Mary R. Jinks, and is now residing in California. The father of the present Mrs. Higgins was Cyrus Meacham, a direct descendant of Miles Standish, Captain of the Mayflower, that landed the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock in 1620. The subject of this history has 160 acres of land, all of which is first-class in quality, also 640 acres in Nebraska. His home farm is well improved, on which there are four barns erected, and a good two- story dwelling-house. Fronting the dwelling there is a fine grove of evergreens, and altogether the home of this gentleman strikes one with a sense of com- fort. He possesses 20 head of Jersey cattle, three high grades of Holsteins, and has one span of draft horses. The family are members of the First Church of Christ in Galesburg, where they are regular at- tendants, and stand high in the estimation of that body. Our subject is a stanch and consistent Prohibition Republican. -1= ichael Hahn. This worthy citizen, now deceased, came first to Knox County in 1836. He was accompanied by his wife , 5^^^ and three children from Hamilton County, '■^ Ohio, and settling in Henderson Township, re- solved to take up agriculture as his occupation. This calling he pursued up to the date of his death, July 21, 1876. His marriage, which was a most pro- pitious event, took place in Hamilton County, Ohio, Nov. 22, 1829, with Miss Rebecca Edwards, a lady of very estimable character, and a native of Clermont County, Ohio, born Feb. i, 1807. By this happy marriage there were nine children, only three of whom are now living — Ira, Wilson and N. S. Ira resides in Kansas and is becoming successful in life. Wilson and N. S. reside in Henderson Township. Mrs. Hahn, the widow of the subject of this biog- raphy, is the owner of 255 acres of good land, 100 of which is, however, under timber. She is a woman of rare qualities of mind, and very much beloved by those who know her best. She is of Welsh extrac- tion; her grandfather, Samuel Edwards, was born in Wales. Mrs. Edwards to-day is a woman well pre- served, and has all her intellectual powers, though she is 80 years of age. Her brgther, William Ed- T i^ 4 KNOX COUNTY. 621 ^> wards, and his wife, of Cincinnati, in 18S3 celebrated the 60th anniversary of their marriage. The En- quirer gave a column report of the occasion, which was attended by numbers of Cincinnati's best citi- zens. The grandfather of Michael Hahn came to this country from Germany, about the year 1770, settling in New York, where he remained during the War for Independence. About 1778 he emigrated with his family to Ohio and settled in what was then the village and trading point of Cincinnati, where he was killed by the Indians. Below is an extract clipped from the Cincinnati Enquirer, from an article headed " Early Days of the Pioneers of Cin- cinnati," pubUshed under date of Dec. 2, 188.3 : " In April, 1792, Martin Burkhardt, Michael Hahn and Michael Lutz went out above the town to view some lots. On their arrival at the point of destina- tion the Indians shot and scalped Lutz. Hahn was wounded, bat was making a good race for Fort Wash- ington, when another shot dropped him dead. Burk- I hardt took to the river, but being badly wounded he ; soon drowned, his body being found at North Bend 1 six weeks after the above event." His son, Joseph Hahn, was a soldier in the War of 18 1 2, and was under Hull when he surrendered Detroit to Gen. Brock and Tecumseh. •>~'V/^.■'^A^J^.^•®^^««4^J^->*^^S.'^OT»^~•V^/^~ ^^^jfjl onathan Gibbs. Among the old pioHeers ^^J^JjT who are yet living to tell of the trials Y^^^ through which they passed in making an ^ji early settlement in the county is he of whom JC we write, residing on section 35, Lynn Town- 1 ship Mr. Gibbs came to this county in 1838, and, having resided here constantly since that time, has witnessed its wonderful development from the primitive condition in which it was then to the fine agricultural stand it takes in comparison with other counties of the State at the present time. He came here from Camden County, N. J., where he was born Dec. 22, 1808. The father of Mr. Gibbs, Mattin Gibbs, was a farmer by calling, was born, reared and married in New Jersey, and was of New England ancestry and English descent. His forefathers came over with William Penn, in 1682, and belonged to the Quakers. I His wife, Hannah Beck, was born in the same State, I '\ and of Irish extraction. To them seven children came to brighten their lives, a part of ^^ hom grew up to man and womanhood in Burlington County, and part in Camden. Jonathan Gibbs was the eldest of his parents' children — four sons and three daughters. He lived with the old folks and assisted in the labors of the farm until 20 winters of his life had passed, at which time he engaged to learn the trade of a glass- blower, at Waterford, Camden Co., N. J. He pur- sued this calling for nine years, including his ap- prenticeship, and until he came West. It was during this time that he became acquainted with Miss Tamar Norcross, daughter of Joseph and Mar- tha (Duble) Norcross, natives of New Jersey, and they were married .Aug. 14, 1832. Her parents were resident in Camden County, where her father fol- lowed farming and where they both lived until their demise. It was there that Mrs. Gibbs was born. May II, i8ii,and there she was reared and edu- cated and lived until her marriage. Of her union with Mr. Gibbs six children have been born — Joseph P., a resident of Galva and a mason by trade; Will- iam H. married Julia Grant and is also a resident of Galva and a master of the same trade ; Clayton mar- ried Julia Bavier, and lives at Marshalltown, Iowa, where he is engaged in blacksmithing; Richard T. married Mary Reed and lives on the old homestead ; Phoebe became the wife of A. D. Bradley, who is a farmer of Lynn Township; Rebecca married Ciiarles G. Gibbs, also a resident of Lynn Township. In 183S the parents of our subject came with their family to this county and located on land now owned by our subject. They made the trip to the Far West in wagops and were six weeks on the road. The house Jonathan Gibbs now lives in was built in 1854. He built a saw-mill in 1849. which he run for 17 years. He now owns 238 acres of land, the major portion of which is under an advanced state of culti- vation, and in this, his afternoon of life, he is enjoy- ing a well-earned competency, surrounded by a happy family. He has been Justice of the Peace for 12 years and Supervisor of his township for many terms. He was the second Assistant-Supervisor. In ]X)litics he was an old-line Whig, but joined the ranks of the Republican party upon its organization and has voted with it ever since. The Wall-street king, of New York City, S. V. White, boarded with our subject while he was teaching school in Mr. t 622 KNOX COUNTY. Gibbs' district, during the winter of 1853-4, and our subject visited his old friend on Wall street recently, and was heartily entertained and presented by him with a fine gold watch, as a memento of their former friendship. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1854 and helped organize the lodge at Galva, 111. — a ^t-^^S I Wl avid Russell. Merit deserves mention, and it is therefore with pleasure that we pen V,. ■ this short sketch of a gentleman who has 7!,'»' made what he has of this world's goods f through his own individual effort, and not as the recipient of any legacy from any source whatsoever. He is a representative of the agricult- ural class of this county, aiid follows his vocation on section 5, Persifer Township, where he owns a fine property. Mr. Russell was born in Gallia County, Ohio, Sept. 27, 1822, apd had attained the age of 15 years !>i when he came to this county. He is an old pioneer of Persifer Township, having made settlement there in the fall of 1837, and has continued to reside in that township until this writing, a period of upward of 50 years. We cannot, in this brief notice, inform the reader of all the trials through which David Rus- sell passed in making his early settlement here; suf- fice it to say that they were similar to those of many others, which we fully enumerate in the historical part of this work. After making settlement here, he was for many years engaged in thrashing, after which he operated a steam saw-mill in Persifer Township. Aside from this he has been occupied almost contin- uously in agricultural pursuits. He is at present the owner of 80 acres of land, the greater portion of which is in good, tillable condition. The marriage of Mr. Russell took place in Persifer Township, Dec. 13, 1849, at which time Miss Mary A. Ranibo, daughter of Reuben and Charity (Hap- tonstall) Rambo, became his wife. She was born in Gallia County, Ohio, May 9, 1832, and was r2 years of age when her parents came to this county. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Russell six children have been born — Frances E., Lucy J., OUve L., Charles E., Elizabeth C. and George D. Frances E. is the wife of Thomas Osborne, a resident of Haw Creek Township ; Lucy J. married Alonzo Ward, resides in Knox Township, and their union has been blessed by the birth of six children — Effie ]\L, Elizabeth E., Maggie, Thomas, Oscar D. and John; Elizabeth and Maggie are deceased. Olive Russell, ne,xt in order of birth of the children of our subject, is the wife of George L. Lacy, a resident of Haw Creek Township, and has borne her husband two children — Retta E. and Clarence R. The remaining children are at home. Mr. Russell, although a gentleman not seeking office, has been Constable, Collector and Justice of the Peace. He and his good wife are members of the United Btethren Church, and in politics he votes with the Republican party. eorge M. Swan, a successful farmer and stock-raiser, lives on section rr, Lynn Township, and is considered one of the ^ most progressive and reliable citizens resident within the boundaries of Knox County. ' Mr. Swan was born in or near New London, Jeffer- son Co., Ind., on the Ohio River, Feb. 25, 1835. His father, Cranston T. Swan, was a blacksmith by occupation, was of Scotch ancestry, came to the Unit- ed States and located in Kentucky when a young man. He was married in the latter State to Mar- garet Dodd, who was born in Pennsylvania. She was of German and Scotch lineage, and came to Kentucky with her father when a young girl. Sometime after, the family moved to Jefferson County ; later to Law- rence County, same State, and in 1859 most of the family, including Mrs. Swan, made up their minds to settle in the interior, where the parents lived out their lives, he dying in 1866, and she in 1874. Mr. Swan, of this writing, was the fourth of a fam- ily of seven, four sons and three daughters ; two of the latter are now dead. Mr. S. was educated in the district school, and lived at home until his marriage. He united in the holy bonds of matrimony in Jeffer- son County, Ind., Feb. 26, 1855, with Miss Elizabeth Munson. She was born in Lawrence County, Ind., Oct. 15, 1835. She is the mother of 12 chidren, four deceased and two married : Margaret E. is the wife of George F. Bates, who resides in Galva, and they have five children; Catherina, wife of Thomas Hayes, and resident of Lynn Township; Mr. H. is I LIBRARY OF THE L..iVERSITY OF ILUM::3 .'% / s£/ *, KNOX COUNTY. 62s a Tiop-raiser ; Jonathan H. resides in Galva, his oc- cupation being that of a clerk ; Cranston is at home ; DeEmery, Fred. E., Addie M. and Mary Effie are at home. The deceased are David, Edward, Albertus and James; the latter lived to be nearly 25 years of age. After marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Swan lived in Law- rence County, Ind., until 1859, when they came to Illinois, and in September, the next year, went to Lynn Township, so that with the exception of one year tliey have passed their married lives in that township. Mr. and Mrs. Ssvan are the owners of r6o acres of well-improved and productive land. They are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Cluirch, and labor for the good of that organization with heart and mind. rs. Mary A. Jjowrey. This lady, the widow of Shaftoe Lowrey, deceased — who ^ was the seventh son in a family of nine ^'^A children, seven sons and two daughters — is known as one of the most energetic and enter- prising women of Cedar Township, and pos- sesses a large business capability, and is endowed .with more than ordinary financial acuteness and fore- sight. Slie was born in Geneva, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1817, and is the daughter of John and Mary (Barron) Arm- strong. The former was of Scotch lineage and blood, but was American born, claiming the State of New Jersey as his birthplace. The mother was of En- glish ancestry. Mr. Armstrong died of pneumonia, in 1852, while visiting in Canada, and his wife, in 1879, in Iowa. They were the parents of seven children, as follows: John lives in Missouri ; he mar- ried Miss Nancy Morrison, who died, when he again married ; Harriet married Wm. Tracy and lives in San Francisco, Cal.; Matilda married H. J. Sanders, and lives in Abingdon; \Villiani A. died in California, in 1850; Rebecca is married and lives in Minneapolis; Margery married G. H. Flanders; and the subject of our sketch. Mr. Lowrey was born near Geneva, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1814, and died July 12, 1870, having only reached middle life. He united heart and hand with the sub- ject of this narration, Oct. 4. 1842, and a few years after his marriage, in 1849, he went to Canada West, where, on Grand River, he engaged in lumi)ering, 1 UIIUCIIIC^ lllC :ellar are com- I ily lined with house include ' which occupation he followed for the space of six years. A brother-in-law, Mr. J. Z. Reed, whose home was in Buffolo, N. Y., was associated with him in business as a partner. Tiiey subsequently added a lumber-yard to the original enterprise. At the ex- piration of the six years, Mr. Lowrey came West and purchased 260 acres of land, where he lived con- tentedly until called home by death. Mrs. Lowrey's bereavement occurred July 12, 1870, but, bravely putting aside her womanly weakness, she took her place courageously at the head of the business affairs of the farm, which she managed until two years ago, reflecting great credit upon herself by her judicious planning and e.xecution. At that time she rented the greater portion of her farm, and in 1877 erected a handsome dwelling, two stories high and finely fin- ished in every particular. She was the sole super- intendent and designer of the building, and when it was finished at a cost of $3,000, it was the pride of tiiat part of the county. It stands on a heavy foun- dation, enclosing a large cellar, which underlies the entire structure. The walls of the cella posed of Sagetown limestone, heavil brick. Tlie grounds surrounding the about two acres and are laid out in the most tasteful and attractive manner, forming a beautiful lawn in front, planted with evergreens. This is made still more inviting by the addition of rustic seats, flower beds, etc. She has one large barn, 31 x 60 feet, and another not so large, but finely finished. She is engaged quite extensively in the breeding of blooded fowls — the Light Brahmas, White Leghorns and Plymouth Rocks. The quarters provided for them are elegant and are supposed to be among the finest in the county, the houses being finished with zinc floors and plastered. Among her other enterprises is the breed- ing of (ialloway cattle, which has proved very profit- able. She bought Prince Jumbo at a high price. He is nimibered 2180, in the American Herd-book, and is considered one of the finest animals in the coun- try. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Lowrey was product- ive of three children, all girls, who were born as follows: Alice M., July 6, 1844; she married Charles Mount, and died Sept. 23, 1875, leaving one son — Shaftoe Lowrey ; Mary M., June 3, 1846, died in Canada, Dec. 24, 1852; and Jane E., was born Dec. 12, 1847, and was married in the State of Illinois, to Franklin Mount, and died Aug. 4, 1874, leaving two 1" ^ N 4 fW 626 KNOX COUNTY. daughters- -Jennie and Matilda. Matilda lives with our subject. Jennie is endowed with a remarkable artistic talent, specimens of her painting showing skill seldom met with in one of her years. Mrs. Lowrey is educating both of the granddaughters, giving them the best advantages in music and painting that the schools afford. Mr. Lowrey, husband of our subject, was quite prominent in public affairs, and a useful man socially. He was for 20 years Justice of the Peace and Super- visor, and was at the time of his death School Treas- urer, which ofifice he held for a number of years. He was a man of affable and courteous manner and pos- sessed of a first-class education, besides being truly cultured and refined. By calling he was a farmer, and his hearty and frank manner gained him friends on all sides, so that he was widely lamented at his death. He made a religious profession of the Prot- estant Methodist faith, and lived in his daily life the true principles of that noble Chistianity as shown in the Word of God. Mrs. Lowrey is a Baptist by pro- fession, joining their church when 15 years of age, but was congenial in spirit with the faith of her hus- ^band, who lingered for some time with that deceptive disease, consumption, but who finally yielded up life in patient resignment. He was a Republican in pol- itics, and an honest, upriglit, conscientious man; striving to do unto his neighbors as he would have them do unto him. Among the numerous persons who are represented in the portrait department of tliis Album, none are more deserving than of Mr. Lowrey. Thomas R. Walter is a successful farmer and stock-raiser, residing on his productive 1^"* farm on section 16, Maquon Township. He has been closely identified with the agri- cultural development of the county since his arrival here in the (all of 1837. He emigrated to this county from Highland County, Ohio, with his parents, and resided on the home farm in Maquon Township, west of Maquon, remaining there until his final settlement on his farm on section 16. The parents of Mr. Walter are John W. and Hannah (Sumner) Walter. The father was born in Virginia and was a soldier in the War of 1812. The motiier was a native of South Carolina. Mr. Walter is the third ill order of birth in a family of ten children, namely : Betsey (deceased), William J., our subject, Jincy, Lettice (deceased), James (deceased), Bowater, John W. (deceased), Cynthia (deceased) and Rich- eson C. William J. married Catherine Housh and they live in Nebraska ; Betsey was the wife of Edward Smithson, deceased; subsequently she mar- ried Isaiah Stephenson ; Jincy became the wife of Milo Preston, deceased, and she lives in Iowa ; James married Catherine Lawrence; Lettice became the wife of Joshua Needles, now deceased ; she was a second time married to William Darnell; Cynthia became the wife of Joel Darnell ; and Richeson C. became the husband of Polly Hall; the latter resides in Ne- braska. Mr. Walter's first purchase of land was 160 acres, on which he erected a set of comfortable and sub- stantial buildings and made other convenient im- provements, subsequently adding to his first purchase until he is now the proprietor of 1,481 acres of well- improved and cultivated land in Knox County. He is also the owner of property in the village of Ma- quon. Thomas Walter was born in Highland County, Ohio, Sept. 30, 1817. He had attained the age of 19 years upon his arrival in this county, and has al- ways followed the honorable calling of an agricult- urist. It is needless to say that he is one of the largest land-owners and most substantial farmers within the county of Knox. The date of the marriage of our subject, in Ma- quon Township, was Aug. 8, 1854. The lady of his choice was Sarah J. Stephenson, daughter of Edward and Mary (Keys) Stephenson. The father was a native of Maryland and the mother of Delaware. In June, 1840, the date of the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. S. in Knox County, they settled in Haw Creek Town- ship, subsequently removing to the township of Maquon, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Their family consisted of six children, and bear the names of Sarah J., William, John, James K., Lewis N. and Edward O. Sarah J., the wife of our subject, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, Sept. 24, 1835. Mr. and Mrs. Walter, of wh )m we write, have be- come the parents of ten children, as follows : Vianna, Mary E., Ethzelda, two who died in in- fancy, Lyman, Elnora, Thomas Ulysses, Laura B. and Albertie. Vianna is the wife of B.' F. Adams t JL=: :1 1 1 LIBRARY OF THE LniVERGlTY OF ILUNC.S H^ KNOX COUNTY. 627 and resides in Peoria ; Ethzelda married Frank D. Pickrel ; this lady died in Haw Creek Township June 2, 1 88 1. Mary E. is deceased, and the remain- ing children reside at home. Mr. Walter has held the position of Road Com- missioner and also that of School Director. In pol- itics he affiliates with the Republican par'y. The publishers take pleasure in presenting a view of Mr. Walter's fine homestead .in connection witli this sketch. -^ £3- on. Joseph E. Latimer. The name of the subject who lieads tiiis brief sketch, apart from liis connection with one of the most striking family records in Knox County, is suf- ficiently known to need but little comment. He is by occupation a farmer and breeder of pure- blooded Jersey and Short-horn cattle; his farm and residence are located on sections 28 and 29, of Cedar Township. As one among the oldest and most venerated fam- ilies of Kno.x County, this gentleman has won the re- spect and confidence of not only' his immediate neighbors, but hundreds of substantial friends throughout the country. He was born on the 15th of Apfil, 1840, within the township and upon the farm where he now resides, and is the son of Jonathan and Nancy (West) Latimer. Brought up on his father's farm, he received his earliest educational course at the district schools and Cherry Grove Sem- inary. Subsequently he entered Knox College, and in the class of 1864 graduated. He enlisted in the army on the 5th day of June, 1864, and was commissioned Lieutenant in Co. G, of the 137th 111. Inf.; is now a member of Abingdon Post, No. 580, G. A. R. After his return from the army he was appointed Principal of the Cherry Grove Seminary, a position which he held one year. Elected to the chair of Nat- ural Sciences, in Lincoln University, Lincoln, 111., he proved beyond a doubt his skill as an instructor. This post was given him in 1866, but, little more than a year later, he was compelled to resign in conse- quence of his failing eyesight. Soon, again, he re- sumed farming in Cedar Township. He is a prominent member of the Congregational Church. In politics, the subject of this sketch has always been an earnest Republican ; although an active member of his party, he holds liberal views, allowing no party to dictate on ix)ints of conscience; believing that honesty should characterize a man's actions in politics, as well as in other affairs of life. He was elected in 1870 as Representative for the 22d Dis'rict to the 27th Assembly. He removed to Iowa in 1872. Returning to Illinois, Mr. Latimer was elected to the 301)1 and 31st Assemblies. During the last campaign the electors gave him a majority of 700 votes over and above the regular ticket. His influence and ability as a legislator were recog- nized during the last two Assemblies, and he was given the Chairmansliip of the Committee on Towns and Township Organization, besides serving on other important committees. He was married in Atchison, Kan., on the 19th day of November, 1872, to Miss Joanna Humiston, daughter of Hartson and Mary (Church) Humiston. His wife, Mrs. Latimer, was born in Broome County, N. Y. Among the early pioneers of Knox County, this lady's parents and paternal grandparents were numbered among the most sturdy and praisesvorthy of the settlers. In 1836 the grandfather first settled **■ here, and in 1846 her father took up his abode in the vicinity. To the happy union of Mr. and Mrs. Latimer there were two children born, a son and a daughter : Jon- athan G. was born in Iowa, near Hopkins, Mo., on Nov. 25,1874; and Lillian H., in Cedar Township, Knox County, Aug. 9, 1876. Mr. Latimer's farm is in a highly improved condi- tion and numbers 327 acres. It is situated just north of the city of Abingdon and one mile distant from that place. The residence wliich he now occupies was erected in 1875. -'(''{ ranklin Parsons. The subject of the fol- i^Ii T lowing sketch is without doubt one of the iW^^' ''^ thoroughly representative men of Hender- ^1^ son Township, and resides on section 25. In ^^^ his farming operations he has proved himself \. a man of wide and practical experience. Ar- riving from Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1844, he settled in Knox County, and was first compelled to work out by the month and continued to do so for ^ C Y 628 KNOX COUNTY. two successive years. Subsequently he rented land and worked it profitably for a number of years. He then took up his farm in Henderson Township (which he had previously purchased), and in a short space of time turned the same into highly productive land. He is now extensively occupied in agricult- ural pursuits, and has erected some excellent build- ings and outhouses on his farm. Of his 370 acres 30 only are under timber. He keeps about 60 head of horned cattle, and it takes about five teams to properly conduct his farming operations. He fat- tens annually about 170 hogs, all of a good breed. Mr. Parsons was born in Hampden County, Mass., on the 9th of January, 1826. His parents were David Hastings and LydiaT. (Warren) Parsons, na- tives of Massachusetts. On the paternal side he is of English origin, and on the maternal side, as far as can be traced, of New England ancestry. The grandfather of Mr. Parsons, Mr. Warren, was of Irish descent and fought in the War of 18 12, in which he r was killed. Mr. P. was the third son in a family of nine, five of whom are deceased. The father and \ mother came to Knox County from Ohio, in 1843, • with their family. The mother is now deceased, her I death taking place in 1883. The father is living at this writing (June, 1886), at Galesburg, at the ad- f vanced age of 85 years. Franklin Parsons was quite young when his par- ents came westward. While a mere youth he worked out by the month, and often received but two dollars in the whole 30 days as remuneration. His educa- tional advantages were of the most limited order, but by application and perseverance he has learned much since those early days. The subject of our sketch was first married in Kno-wille, 111., to Sarah BuUard, on the ist of March, 1S48. She was ihe daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Gilchrist) BuUard, and was born in Can- ada in 1828. Her father was a native of Vermont and her mother of Canada, of Scottish parentage. She was one of a family of nine children. The father died in Knox County in 1867. The mother still survives and lives in Iowa, at the age of 77 years. Mrs. Parsons became the mother of nine children— Leonard U., Edatha E., Frank D., Ellen A., John R., Lincoln E., Sarah L., M. Emma and Effa M. Of these, Leonard married Jennie Redfield, a very estimable lady, and resides in Ne- braska; four children were born to this union, all of whom are living, namely : Cora, Arthur, Joseph and George; Edathy is the wife of Howard Griffith and now resides in Cedar Township; she has one child named Warren T. ; Frank D. is married to Carrie M. Walker and lives in Henderson Township ; they have two children — Lillia B. and George F. ; Ellen A. was the wife of Charles Shepherd, and resided in Henderson ; by this union there was one child — Frank D. ; this good mother and careful wife is now deceased; John R. died in Henderson Township when only in his 17th year; Lincoln E. is married to Clara Goff, and resides in Henderson ; Sarah died in Henderson in her infancy; M. Emma resides at home; Effa also died in infancy. The first wife of Mr. Parsons died in this town- ship on the 25th of March, 1S69. He was again married, on the 5th of September, 187 1, to Miss Actus Baxter, an excellent lady and a native of Ohio. She was the daughter of Samuel and Actus (GorsuchJ Baxter. The mother was a native of Maryland, and of English origin; the father was a native of Virginia, descended from the Germans. Mrs. Parsons was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, Nov. 25, 1836. She came to Knox County with herW parents, who left the aljove county in 1863. She is the sixth in order of birth of a family of ten children, only one of whom is deceased. The father died Jan. 21, 1864, the demise of the mother occurring June g, 1878. Mr. Parsons is identified with politics as a stalwart Republican, and has been a firm supporter of that party's policy since its organization. He is thor- oughly posted in the general topics of the day, and is a man who reads much and keeps abreast of the times. We take pleasure in presenting, in connection with this sketch, a view of the handsome home of Mr. Parsons. . pro - - 000 • lipenjamin Lombard, Jr., President of the Lombard Investment Company, Boston, Mass., and London, Eng. ; President of the Bank of Creston, Creston, Iowa ; Presi- dent of the Kansas State Bank, Wichitai Kan.; and the head of the banking house of Lombard Bros., Kansas City, Mo., was born at Truro, Cape Cod, Mass., May 30, 1836. The Lombards came to England with William the ^1- LIBRARY OF THE L.,.VERCiTY CF laiNC'.S €-► K^OX COUNTY. 629 +4 Conqiierer, and the name has been familiar in Lon- don for centuries. The immediate ancestor of the subject of our sketch was David Lombard, native of Cai)e Cod. town of Truro, where he was born Nov. 16, 1796. He was a seafaring man and most of his life was spent on the ocean as captain of a vessel. He was married at Truro, Dec. 10, 1820. His wife, me Anna Gross, was also a native of Ca|)e Cod, tracing her ancestry back to the Puritans. Capt. Lombard and wife lived together over 61 years, Mrs. Lombard dying in October, 1881. The} reared four sons and two daughters, Benjamin Lombard, Jr., be- ing the youngest of the family. Benjamin Lombard, Jr., our subject, was but nine years of age when he began as clerk in a general store and was there so employed for several years, spending the winter, however, at the district schools. In 1849 he came West and began work in a land- office with his uncle, at Henr)', Marshall Co., 111., at a salary of §175 a year, out of which he paid Si-5 per week for his board. When we are told that he saved money from his first year's earnings, the key to much of his subsequent success is at hand. Siinply •• unadulterated economy laid the foundation of his fort- une. His great operations in life, where thousands and thousands of dollars have been involved, of course were not influenced by economy, but economy formed his ground plan. For two years he was em- ployed upon the records and abstracts of titles of the Military Tract in Illinois, and while working at this he was shrewd enough to recognize the opportunities offered for speculation. He was about 16 years of age when he made his first investment of lands in the Military Tract, and the deal netted him $3,700. After finishing the record work, our subject trav- eled for tiis old employers until he was 22 years of age. About this lime, or on Oct. 5, 185S, he was married at Cambridge, Mass., to Miss Julia E. Lom- bard, daughter of the late Benjamin Lombard, found- er of the Lombard University, Galesburg, 111. After marriage he made his residence near Boston, making journeys Westward occasionally on business, and in 1 86 1 located at Galesburg. Here he dealt largely in real estate, with fortune always in his favor. In fact it appears that fro.u boyhood to this writing (June, 1886) everj'thing that Benjamin Lombard, Jr., has touched turned to gold. Our subject was one of the early stockholders in the First National Bank at Galesburg, and was many years its Vice-President. In 1873 he started the bank at Creston, Iowa, and in 1882 organized the Ix)mhard Investment Company, the largest institution of the kind in the United States. Their investments will average $750,000 per month, and .while in the aggre- gate it amounts to millions, no man has ever lost a dollar by them. His bank at Wichita, Kan., was started in January, 1881, and the Kansas City house some time later. In addition to these large financial concerns over which he presides, his landed interests are immense. He has upward of 10,000 acres of l.md, under cultivation by tenantry and otherwise, and his unimproved lands in Kansas, Iowa and Ne- braska would, if thrown together, rival in area the Slate of Rhode Island. The writer knows that Mr. Lombard would protest against this publication if he could, but it is a license we sometimes take, espe- cially when as a chronicler of facts to be read by un- known thousands, both m America and Europe, we wish to illustrate by example the unparalleled possi- bilities of the youth of our country, be their start in life ever so poor. This is sufficient apology for the brief mention made of the financial success of the most remarkable man in Galesbnrg. Mr. Lombard's sons are named respectively Will- iam Alden, who is secretary of the Lombard Invest- ment Co. ; Harry Dana, an extensive stock farmer residing in Monona County, Iowa; Martin Gay, a stu- dent; and a daughter, Hazel. The Eastern residence of Mr. Lombard is at Brookline, Mass. 7^ • ^ ' I ' ' ^ ames Hammond. One of the oldest resi- dents of Ontario Township, as well as one of the most successful farmers and re- spected and honored citizens of the same, is the jC subject of this notice. The origin of the \ Hammonds in the United States dates back to 1634, at which time a family of that name came here from England and made settlement. Of that family two sons were born — Thomas and Nathaniel, and it is from the former son that the subject of this biographical notice is descended. Tlie family has numerous branches throughout the United States, and especially in New England. The father of our subject moved from Connecti- cut to Ohio in 18 10. There he engaged in the voca- tion of farming, and was thus occupied all his life. 4^ -eX-^ ^==-J-* 630 KNOX COUNTY. He was married in Summit County, that State, to Miss Rebecca Farnham, the daughter of John and granddaughter of Gad Farnham, whose great-great- grandfather came from England about the time the first family of Hammonds came to this country. She removed to the State of Ohio when quite a young lady. After their marriage the parents of James Hammond settled on a farm in Summit County, Ohio. Of their union five children were born. The mother died when James was three months of age. In due time the father was again married, Miss Mary Fisk, of Summit County, Ohio, becoming his wife. The father and stepmother came to Knox County in 1847, whither the subject of this notice had preceded them three years. On the roth day of September, T844, when Mr. Hammond was 20 years of age, he started from Bath, Summit County, Ohio, with Royal Hammond, a distant relative, and two men as assistants, with a flock of 1,300 sheep, to drive them a distance of over 500 miles. The party had to walk all the distance. They had a team of horses to carry camping utensils, etc. The party, with their sheep, arrived in this township Oct. 28, 1844, averaging, from the time they starled to the time they arrived, 14^^ miles per day. During the long drive they lost about 150 sheep. During the following winter, from loss by wolves, change of food and want of proper sheltering for them, the herd dwindled down to about 400 — -a loss of about 900. Mr. H. experienced great difficulty in properly car- ing for the sheep on the road. Prairie fires had to be fought; wolves were plentiful, and it was all the party could do to contend successfully against all these obstacles. Mr. H. tended the flock for three years. He says he had a tough time, but the expe- rience he gained was a world of benefit to him in after life. On the arrival of his father and stepmother they settled in Galesburg, where the father died Sept. 3, 1856; his wife survived him until April 30, 1885, her demise occurring at the residence of her son, Theo- dore, at Victoria, this county. She was born Sept. 18, 1 802, and was the third in order of birth of her parents' family of 13 children. Of her union with Mr. H. ir children were born. Her husband, father of our sub- ject, was an early settler in Ohio, as well as in Knox County, and while here held many of the local offices of his township. James Hammond remained with his parents on the old farm the major portion of his time until his marriage. He began teaching school in Ontario Township when quite a young man, and at this writ- ing numerous citizens of this township can testify to his competency as a teacher, many of them having been his pupils. Oct. 7, 1847, he was married in Ontario Township, to Miss Susan P. Powell, born in Deerfield, Oneida County, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1821. Her motlier, Maria (Wilson) Powell, died when she was only five years old, and she afterward made her home in the family of her aunt and uncle, Charles F. Camp, who was one of the most prominent of the old settlers who first came to this county, and with whom she came west in 1838, and settled in Ontario Town- ship before Oneida was laid out. The parents of Mrs. Hammond on the paternal side were of German-Welsh origin, and on the ma- ternal side were of Irish origin. Of the first marriage of Mr. Powell, the father of Mrs. Hammond, two children were born — Mrs. H. and Horace; the latter is deceased. The father married a second time ' Evaline Brainard, who was a sister of Dr. Brainard, of Chicago. The result of this marriage was eight children, two of whom are now deceased, viz. ; ^ Brainard and Catherine. The former was a soldier in the late war, and, after passing through three years of service, he re-enlisted and was killed at the battle ' of Lookout Mountain. Those now hving are Har- vey, Charles, Edwin, Orville, Eugene and Luciene. The four latter were soldiers in the War of the Re- bellion. Edwin was surgeon, and served during the whole war. Orville went in as color-bearer, and was mustered out Captain; he lay 14 months in South- ern prisons ; the most of the time he was in Libby. He escaped from Columbia prison, S. C, and was two months getting through to the Federal lines. The father of Mrs. Powell was a soldier in the War of 1812; the father of Mr. P. a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War. Mr. and Mrs. Hammond are the parents of six children, two of whom are deceased : Park H. married Mary L. Wetmore, and resides on a farm in Rio Township; Ella M. is living at home; Fanny C. is likewise an inmate of the family household, and Ira E. is engaged in working on the farm Both Mr. and Mrs. Hammond are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Hamniond, of this notice, has met with far more than ordinary success as an agriculturist since *^ ^ 'th^ JU KNOX COUNTY. 631 coming to this county. He was born in Ohio, July 7, 1824; was educated in the log schoolhouse at Ham- mond Corners, Bath, Ohio, where it is re|X)rted he received the usual amount of" thrashings." He came to this county in 1S44, and made settlement in Onta- rio Township, and there resided until 184S, when he removed to Galesburg. Remaining in the latter city one year, he moved to Kno.x Township, and in 185X again moved back to Ontario Township. He has fol- lowed agricultural pursuits all his life, and his landed possessions in the county consist of upward of 500 acres. His home farm is beautifully located, with a large two-story brick residence upon it, finished with hardwood and well-furnished. The home has been beautified by the setting out of evergreens, and the barns and out-buildings are all of the most substan- tial nature. His land is all under an advanced stale of cultivation, and in the prosecution of his vocation Mr. Hammond is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance are sure to bring. Politic- ally, he votes with the Republican party. He has been Supervisor of his township for six years, and also held the office of Road Commissioner and other local oflSces of minor import. — > ^^ v^ W. Elliott, a well-known and prosperous agriculturist, residing on section 25, Vic- lyiNS^"^ toria Township, was born Oct. 18, 1842, in ^^W^ Knox County. His parents were Thomas and Y Hannah (Reece) Elliott, natives respectively 1 of Ohio and South Carolina. The senior Mr. Elliott was married in Ohio. He came to Illinois and made settlement in Persifer Township in 1837, being among the earliest settlers of the town. In 1856 he removed to Victoria Township, where he purchased 160 acres of land on section 25. Upon this tract the family remained until 1868, when, dis- posing of the same, they removed to Missouri, where the father purchased 80 acres, and where they resided until his demise in 1880. His wife still survives him and is residing upon the old home fami. The parental family consisted of 14 children, seven of whom are still living and bear the names of Burgess, George \V., Samantha, Sarah, Elizabeth, Hannah and Thomas. G. W. Elliott of this biographical notice remained under the parental roof until he had attained his majority, in the meantime assisting his father upon the farm and attending the common schools of his neighborhood. In the spring of 1862 he enlisted in defense of his country, joining Co. D, 69ih 111. Vol. Inf. At Vicksburg he was assigned to guard duty, and was thus occupied until mustered out at the expiration of his term of enlistment. Upon his return home our subject engaged in the tilling of the soil. His first purchase of land con- sisted of 40 acres on the quarter-section where he now resides, afterward adding, at different limes, 120 acres, 27 acres of timber land, and 80 acres each on sections 23 and 15. Upon his fine farm he erected, in 1879, a handsome dwelling valued at $2,000. Three years previous to this he built a barn, which was burned in 1881. He is engaged in the raising of grain and stock quite extensively, and is meeting with success in his chosen vocation. The lady chosen by Mr. Elliott to share his heart and home was Miss Albina Mosher, a native of Illi- nois and daughter of Seneca and Nancy (Buck) Mosher. The marriage was solemnized April 13, 1865. The parents of Mrs. Elliott were natives of New York and Vermont, and were married in Ohio in 1838. Three years later they came to Illinois, locating in Knox County. At present they are resi- dents of Victoria. The parental family of Mrs. Elliott numbered to children. Those living are Sarah A., Albina, wife of our subject, Frances and Man ford. Our subject and wife have had born to them six children, as followa: James F, Emma, Susan A., Hannah, George and John. Mr. Elliott affiliates with the Greenback party, and has served his town- ship in the offices of Constable, School Director and Pathmaster. What Mr. Elliott has of ihis world's goods has been acquired by his own efforts, the result of industry and economy, and he is a fail sample of the men who form the bone and sinew of the com- munity. — >t 1 ! alius D. Bragg, at present residing on his fine farm, located on section 3, Chestnut Township, was born in Jefferson County, Iowa, Aug. 10, 1844. He is the son of Dab- nar and Julia A. (Carpenter) Bragg. The former was born in Virginia and died in 1844, and the latter was born in 1817, and is still living in Glasgow, Jefferson Co., Iowa. There were eight nXi 632 KNOX COUNTY. ^^ children, two of whom died in infancy; those hving are Clara, Sophora, ^Hattie, Albert, Decatur and Cynthia. Mr. Bragg of this sketch was married Oct. 27, 1868, to Mary M. Harper. She was born in Knox County Oct. i, 1849, and has become the mother of five children — Jennie, born Sept. i, 1869; Clara, Aug. 17, 1871; Burrell, Oct. 4, 1874; Gertrude, Sept. 9, 1877, and Carrie, April 21, 1879. Our sub- ject is the proprietor of 170 acres of good farm land, all under an excellent state of cultivation. Mr. Bragg gives considerable attention to the breeding of Short-horn cattle, of which he has some very fine specimens, among which is one pure-blood bull. Five head of his splendid herd, which are of the Rosemary and Miss Mott families, are recorded in the Short-horn Herd-book. He also breeds swine rather extensively chiefly, however, for shipping purposes. Mr. Bragg was a soldier in the late war, having enlisted in Co. G, ,^oth Iowa Vol. Inf., under Col. Abbott, Aug. 8, 1862, and was mustered into service in September of the same year at Keokuk, Iowa. The command was ordered to St. Louis, from there to Helena, Ark., then to Chickasaw Bluffs, back to Arkansas Post, up the White River, then to Milli- ken's Bend, where our subject aided in the opening of the canal. He participated in the siege of Vicks- burg, remaining there about no days, and June 22 marched into the city with his regiment. He was at the battle of Jacksonville, and with Sherman in his famous march to the sea. His regiment was in 32 general engagements, and was in Raleigh, N. C, when Lee surrendered. His last battle was fought at Belmont, N. C. June 22, 1865, he received an honorable and final discharge, but was mustered out at Washington in May, 1865. Politically he is a firm adherent to the Democratic party. Mrs. Bragg is a member of the Christian Church. &ean C. Hurlbutt. Among the large land- I owners, respected citizens and well-to-do 3jr^~^ farmers of this county is the gentleman WRi whose name heads this biographical notice. Mr. Hurlbutt is the son of Asa and Mary (Jones) Hurlbutt, natives of the Green Moun- tain Slate and New Hampshire respectively. The parents of our subject, soon after their mar- riage, located in Dalton, N. H., and lived there for some years, then moved to Lancaster, in the same State. From that place they emigrated to this county in 1854, and made settlement in Elba Town- ship, on section 14, where they continued to reside until they died. Their family of children are 11 in number, and were named Mary A., Charles N., Dean C, Mary Ann, John, Caroline, Sarah, Henry, Laura, Alice and George. Dean C. Hurlbutt was born in Dalton, N. H., Feb. 13, 1834, and had nearly obtained his majority when he accompanied his parents to this county, at- tracted to this locality by an uncle, who lived in Truro Township Almost continuously since his lo- cation here he has been a resident of Elba Town- ship, and has been closely connected with its agri- cultural development. The education of Mr. Hurl- butt was received in the common school and supple- mented by continuous reading at home, and he has passed his entire life in that most independent of all callings, agriculture. His landed possessions at this writing amount to 520 acres, the major portion of which is good, tillable land, making him one of the large land-owners of the county. Mr. Hurlbutt was married m Truro Township, Dec. 20, 1856, to Elizabeth (Lambert) Butts, widow of Stewart M. Butts, who was murdered a short dis- tance from the city of Peoria Mr. Butts' team was found in a cornfield, and he was lying close to it with his throat cut. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Hurlbutt two children, Mary A. and Julia A., have been born. Mary became the wife of Guy Davis, and lived with him a happy life in Elba Township until her demise, leaving to his care one child, Roy; her death occurred April i, 1881. Julia, the other child of Mr. and Mrs. H., departed this life Nov. 6, 1879. Mr. Hurlbutt has never sought position, and al- though well qualified to serve the people in many of the minor offices, he has found it to his interest to attend to his own business and leave politicians to fight for the offices. He nevertheless is a Republi- can in politics, and always votes for that party when opportunity affords. In connection with this sketch we take pleasure in presenting a view of the homestead of Mr. Hurlbutt, on another page in this volume. i^ LA^ t KNOX COUNTY. 633 ^> ^{fpil^harles Cramer. Knox County compares Seffs^ favorably with any other in the State for ^S* fine and productive farms together with hand- ? J^ some and costly residences, as likewise do y\ her agricultural citizens compare favorably with those of any other community found any- where within the borders of this republic for energy and perseverance. The large majority of the successful agriculturists of this coimty came here poor in pock- et, but rich in determination, and most of them are now enjoying the accumulation of a handsome com- petency, and have a clear title to their lands. Among those living independent lives in their pleasant homes, surrounded by bright and intelligent children, is the gentleman whose name heads this brief bio- graphical sketch, who is engaged in tlie honorable calling of a farmer, stock raiser and dealer, on sec- tion 21, Orange Township. Mr. Cramer was born in Clermont County, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1 84 1, his father being James and his mother Ancline (Jones) Cramer, natives of Maryland, his father being a farmer by occupation. Charles re- mained on the old homestead m his native State • until 1851, when he accompanied his parents to this State. His parents continued to reside here until 1867, when his father returned to Ohio, taking with him two of his sons. Our subject continued to re- main here engaged in the occupation of farming. The mother of our subject died previous to the fath- er's return to Ohio, and on his arrival in that State the father was again married to Mrs. Margaret Jones, widow of Benedict Jones, and uncle of the subject of this notice. James Cramer died on his farm in Ohio, in 1877, and his second wife is also deceased, her demise occurring in 187 8. Mr. Cramer, of this sketch, and Miss Mary E. Lawrence became man and wife Aug. 16, 1862. She is the daughter of John S. and Abigail (Farlow) Law- rence, and has borne her husband five children, of which the record is as follows: George L., born May 16, 1865; Laura M., Jan. 28, 1875; Nellie A., Dee. 1, t88o; Clarence M., Jan. 5, 1882, and one who died in infancy unnamed. The fine farm of our subject contains 179 acres of good and productive land. 1 19 of it being located on section 21, and 40 acres, which is young timber, on section 35. He has a good frame dwelling on his place, together with barns and sheds for his cattle, cribs for his cereals, -and all other necessarj' out- i buildings for the carrying on of his vocation. In 1879 our subject rented his farm and moved to Gil- son, where he engaged in the grain and lumber trade in partnership with W. R. Lawrence. The partner- ship continued for about two years, when Mr. Cramer sold his interest in the grain part of their business to Mr. Lawrence and purchased his interest in the lum- ber part of the business and continued that for three years longer. He then closed out his lumber inter- est at Gilson, and went back to his first love, farming, in which occupation he has been continuously en- aged, and with the exceptions named has followed all his life. At the time of disposing of his business at Gilson, he was in ill health and left the labors of the office to recuperate while enjoying the fresh breezes of the country air and tilling the soil. Mr. Cramer is a member of the beneficiary order of A. O. U. W., No. 126, at Kno.xville. Politically he is a believer in and a supporter of the principles advo- cated by the Republican party, and a truly repre- sentative citizen of Knox County. His wife is a r member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. McCallister, a well-to-do and suc- cessful farmer and stock raiser, is prose- cuting his chosen vocation on his property located on section 12, Orange Township, 'j^ He is a native of this State, having been born in White County, Sept. 7, 1830, and is the son of Simeon and Mary (Ooley) McCallister, natives of Kentucky. The father of our subject was from one of the old Ranger families, a farmer by vocation, and followed liis calling in his native State, and after coming to this county, which was in 1832, up to the date of his demise, April 14, 1850. His good wife, the mother of our subject, likewise died here, in April, 1864. Mr. McCallister of this notice was reared to the honorable calling which he has followed thus far durmg his life. His education was acquired in the common school, and the most happy event in the history of his past took place March 17, 1859, at which time Miss Harriet L. Reed became his wife. =Jt^ ^^ ^-^ t 634 KNOX COUNTY. ^ ■^^ athew Fooks is a farmer of prominence, and a representative citizen, living on sec- tion 16, Galesburg Township. He was ^' born in Somersetshire, England, June 15, 1821, where he remained with his parents up to his 2ist year, attending the common schools and working on his father's farm. He emigrated to America in 1846, landed at New York and came on to Galesburg. Here he permanently located about one mile from the Public Square of that city. His residence is on the Monmouth road and he has t4S acres of first-class land under a high state of culti- vation. His divelling-house ii beautifully gotten up and well furnished, and he lives the life of a bach- elor. He is retiring and of a studious turn. His parents were Thomas and Phebe (Wheeler) Fooks, both natives of England, where they lived and died. His mother was born in 17 84 and died on the 20th of July, r864. His father's birth took place in 1782 and hedied in 1862. They were both members of the Congregational Church, and Mr. Fooks, Sr., She is the daughter of James and Mary (Mason) Reed, and was born in this county May r5, 1841. Her parents were old settlers in this county, coming here in t837 Two children have come to brighten the household of Mr. and Mrs. McCallister — Mary L., born Dec. 6, i86r ; and Silas H., Jan. 15, 1865. The first, when a bright-eyed little girl of seven years, was called from earth, Dec. 7, 1868. M. W. McCallister has served his township as Supervisor one term, and as Assessor and School Trustee for two years. He has a fine farm, consist- ing of t87 acres of prime land, 121 of which are ' located in Orange Township and 66 acres in Haw Creek Township. A comfortable residence has been erected on the place, and there also may be found a good barn and necessary out-buildings, and in his vocation our subject is meeting with deserved suc- cess. Socially Mr. McCallister is a member of the A. F. & A. M., belonging to Lodge No. 66, at Kno.x- ville, and Rabboni Chapter, R. A. M. He and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics our subject votes for that party which sprang into existence in 1856 and was first \ successful in the election of our martyred President. was a Whig politician of the old English school. Their family consisted of four boys and four girls, viz.: Mathew, Mark, Thomas, William, Mary A., Elizabeth, Phebe and Eliza; the last of these but one is living in Wataga, 111. Mathew, the sub- ject of our sketch, adopted a niece, Etta Fooks, seven years ago. She is a bright and interesting girl r4 years of age, and is now receiving a careful training and education. Her uncle is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a consistent and practical adherent. He is a Republican in politics and a stanch sup[X)rter of any measure likely to strengthen the hold of that party on American institutions. jjjohn Harpman. Knox County's boundaries include the handsome homes of many prosperous and wealthy farmers, successful merchants and worthy and able citizens, and noteworthy among the first and last classes is found the subject of this sketch, whose farm lies on section 36, in Copley Township, and whose prosperity and triumph in his chosen field of labor are only equaled by his noble record as a soldier fighting in the defence of a well-loved country. Mr. Harpman was born in Sweden, March 29, 1836, his parents, Jonas and Eliza (Skinner) Harp- man, being natives of Sweden also. They came to America in 1850, and settled in Knox County, where the mother died in 1850. The father went to Wash- ington County, Minn., and died in 1851. They had a family of eight children, four of whom are still liv- ing: Martha, now Mrs. Rosengrand ; John, Andrew and William. Our subject remained at home with his parents until their death, but not long after this be- reavement, longing to find a n^w field and a broader sphere, he removed to Peoria, where he hired out for $3 per month for one year. On this mere pittance, however, he managed to subsist, and after one year he came to Knox County, where he worked out by the month for two years ; thence he went to Copley Township, and from there to Abing- don, attending school in Hedding College, and work- ing out. He continued at this for five years, then, considering himself fitted so to do, he went to Wash- ington County, Minn., where he taught school and I KNOX COUNTY. 635 handled an interest in a saw-mill, in which section of the country he remained until 1861. It was about this time that Mr. Harpman enlisted in the army. His heart beat high with patriotism, and the earnest, manly desire lo lend the strength of his own right arm to sustain the cause of his country. Fighting bravely " for God, and home and native land," he took his place in the regiment, enlisting in Co. I, 6th Iowa Vol. Inf., and was there three years. He took part in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, siege of Vicksburg, and other important engai^e- ments. At the battle of Shiloh he was dangerously wounded and taken to the St. Louis hospital. From there he was removed to Keokuk, and rejoined his regiment in Tennessee. He was in the campaign against Vicksburg and came back to Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, besides Lookout Mountain. He then went to Knoxville, Tenn., and after that figured in Sherman's "march to the sea." He was honorably discharged after three years of service. He was commissary clerk, which position he held after his service in the army proper. He returned to Illi- nois first on leaving his regiment, and again adopted the life of a farmer, and teaching in the winter. In 1867 he purchased 160 acres in Persifer Town- ship, to which he afterward added 40 acres, all wild land. This he commenced on, and it did indeed ap- pear a hopeless field, but grubbing, breaking and fencing made a vast difference, and when he had erected a neat little log cabin, 16x18, it did not have so cheerless an appearance. With indomitable will and patience that never tired, he kept up his chosen work, and, when he had replaced his log cabin with a nice house valued at $1,000, the metamorphosis was complete. This was in 1868, and he remained on his homestead until 1875, at which time he purchased 160 acres more where he now is. In 1865 he was united in marriage with Miss Mar- garet, who was a daughter of Herman and Christine Rosenleaf. These were natives of Sweden, and came to America in 1850. Accompanied by his most excellent helpmeet, Mr. Harpman's work was crowned with success, and she proved in the fullest sense how excellent is the help of a good wife. Her parents, on arriving in America, came to Illinois and settled in La Fayette, Stark Co. There the father followed blacksmitliing for five years, and in 1855 he moved to Copley Township, Knox County, where he purchased 120 acres of land on section 26. In 1862 he enlisted and went away with others from his happy home in behalf of his country. He was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. The mother still lives, making her lioine at Victoria. Their family consisted of nine children, six still living, as follows: Margaret C , who married and is now Mrs. John Harpman ; Annie C, now Mrs. Andrew Harpman ; Adelaide E., now Mrs. Christover; Rebecca, wife of Mr. Bassett; Sarah, married to Mr. Stringer, and Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Harpman, of this writing, have a lileasant and attractive home, and a congenial and delightful family circle. They are the parents of eight children — Alpha E , Albert J., Hilmer V., Sarah A., Charles A., Alice M., Junie A. and Arthur O. Good cheer is always found about their hearthstone, and their home may, indeed, be said to be " one of sweet content and an abiding place for the stranger within the gates." "'* 1^^ i* I 3 (0^!^ avid p. Harper. Prominent among tliose , \-[\ kMM ^ men who have been identified with Knox ; ' ItSV ^ County for an interval of over 30 years, 0«i and who have during that time been deeply _ interested in its agricultural progress, stands the subject of this personal history. In his partic- ular field of life work he has been extremely success- ful, and may be cited to-day as one of the most solid and substantial men in Chestnut Township. His home is situated on section 2, and to his farming pursuits he adds the breeding of fine blooded stock, among which he possesses a number of magnificent animals in which he feels a pardonable pride. Mr. Harper is the son of David and Sarah (Parks) Harper, natives of Ohio, and was born July 26, 1854. His father was born Aug. 2, 18 14, and is still living, while his mother, born Jan. 23, 1817, died Dec. 3r, 1884, and was buried at Herman, 111. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Harper, Sr., there were born 13 children, four of whom are now living, and are named respectively Lydia A.; Mary M., wife of Julius Bragg, of this county; Jennie, wife of Knox Marks, also residing in this county, and David, who united in the bonds of holy matrimony with Mary A. Hamrick. Mrs. Harper was born July 4, 1850, and is the daughter of J. G. and Sarah A^ 636 KNOX COUNTY. <^ (Ferris) Hamrick. Her father was born in Ohio Feb. 2, 1825, and her mother in Kentucky Feb. 5, 1828, now living in Seward County, Neb. Their home is in the latter county, and they are the par- ents of four children : Josephine, wife of Mr. Hen- derson, of Nebraska; Calista, who married J. A. Walker, and lives in Thomas County, Kan. ; Charlie, who married Miss Sarepta Beeson, and lives in Nebraska, and Mary A. Mr. and Mrs. David Harper are the parents of three children, bearing the names of Kittie, born May 27, 1874; Lucy, May 12, 1876, and Roberta, Aug. 26, 1878. Their family circle is a happy and congenial one, and their home is among the most pleasant in the county. On his homestead of 180 acres of highly cultivated land Mr. Harper has erected a handsome house of modern appearance and conveniences, and further embellished and bet- tered his property by the addition of commodious barns and out-buildings, and both he and his wife [feel a pardonable pride in their home. Mr. Harper's barns were erected largely with the idea of forwarding his business as a stock raiser and >"breeder. He has a fii:e bull, by name Gallant Duke, J whose number, 5 1665, is recorded in the Short-horn Herd-book. He is a large, handsome animal, bought of W. H. Heller, of Abingdon, 111., and is of deep- red color, weighing 1,730 lb.; was calved Nov. 12, 1882, and is of the Rose of Sharon strain. Another, Victoria Ann, of the Rosemary breed, may be na"ied as one of the finest in the county; is seven years of age, and was calved July 21, 1879. Rose IV stands next on the list, a handsome roan, calved June 15, 1878, and whose history is found in Vol. 23, Amer- ican Herd-Book. Rose V, calved April 14, 1879, is a handsome red in color, and quoted in Vol. 23. Rose Belle, calved June 16, 1878, is also red, and is quoted in the same Herd-book. Lady Ann, a mag- nificent roan animal, calved June 6, 1877, is of the Rosemary blood, and Daisy, calved Nov. 14, 1879, of the Miss Mott line of stock, and of a handsome red color. Mr. Harper feels an interest and strong pride in these wonderfully handsome and finely blooded animals, which may be stated as among the best in the county. He is a feeder and shipper of stock to the Chicago markets, and is successful in his enterprise. In politics he is a Democrat and upholds the principles of that party, voting with and for it, and is, in short, not only an active, energetic business man, but is wide-awake to the interests of the public at large, and well informed in public and private political work. ■>— 4- |^^3[ A. Snyder. Among the principal men of Knox County, and the noteworthy citizens ^ remembered for substantial worth, is named the subject of this biography, a summary of whose life history is given below. His home is located on section i, Lynn Township, and included in his landed estate are 196 acres. Our subject was born Nov. 29, 1849. (For sketch of parental history see biography of John Snyder, in this work.) He lived under the parental roof until he became of age. His marriage took place in Lynn Township Jan. 13, 1872, with Miss Martha Mahaffey. The parents of his wife, Nain and Deb- orah (Wright) Mahaffey, were natives of Ohio and New York respectively. Her father was a stone mason by occupation. They came west to Peoria County early in the settlement of that county, and it was there that Mrs. Snyder of this notice was born, Oct. ' 22, 1849. She is the oldest living child in a family of four children. Her parents are now living in Lynn Township. Miss Mahaffey lived at home until the date of her marriage, and is the mother of two children — Minnie M. and Perry O. After mar- riage Mr. Snyder lived east of La Fayette, Stark Co., 111., for some six years. He then purchased and settled in this township on the farm on which he is at present residing, on section i. They have been prosperous and successful in their united efforts to procure a competency. In politics Mr. Snyder is a Republican, supporting the party with zeal and ardor. Farming has been his occupation through life. J^enjamin Hudson. Merit deserves men- tion, and it is therefore with pleasure that ^ we have procured facts which enable us to state that he whose short biogra- phy we write is not only an honored and respected citizen of Knox County, but one of her successful agriculturists, who has made what he has of this world's goods through his own individual effort. Benjamin Hudson was bom in Oneida, N, r 1-^ KNOX COUNTY. 637 Y., Oct. 8, 1837, and is a son of William and Anna Hudson. In his younger days he lived at home, assisting his father on the farm and attending the common school, developing into manhood The marriage of Benjamin Hudson to Miss Mary Ann Hudson took place Nov. 26, 1874. She is the daughter of Isaiah and Fannie Hudson, and has borne her husband four children, the record be- ing as follows : Kittie F., born Feb. 5, 1876; Clif- ford B., Jan. 7, 1879; Cora E., March 21, i88i; Nina C, Julys, 1885. Mrs. Hudson was bom in this county Sept. 7, 1847. The father and mother of our subject were born in Lincolnshire, England, and the father is yet living in McHenry County, 111., while the mother passed to the land beyond. The parents of Mrs. Isaiah Hudson were also natives of Lincolnshire. England, and the demise of her father occurred in this county, where his widow is yet liv- ing, her residence being at Knoxville. The farm of Mr. Hudson comprises 160 acres of A No. I land, the major portion of it being under an advanced state of cultivation. On the place is a comfortable house, together with a good barn and ''necessary out-buildings, and our subject is meeting with far more than ordinary success in his vocation. In politics he votes with that old party of which Jef- ^ ferson was the founder and exponent. jSvid Woolsey, a farmer and stock-raiser, whose homestead lies on section 13, of Haw Creek Township, is one of the prom- inent citizens and able men of that vicinty. He is one of the most prosperous residents of that section of country, and quite an e.xtensive land-owner, being in possession of about 484 acres of land, 124 in Haw Creek Township and a lialf-sec- tion in Elba Township. He also owns 80 acres in Truro Township, and, in connection with his farm- ing pursuits, is interested in stock-raising. Mr. Woolsey was born in Ulster Co., N. Y., Jan. 3, 1828, and is the son of Hezekiah and Hannah (Cut- ler) Woolsey. He came to Illinois in 1849, and aft- erward worked at job work, building fences, making rails, or at any branch of labor that fell into his hands. At these odd jobs he continued about five years, when he went to farming in Maquon Town- ship, and in 1855 moved to where he now lives, and has been exceedingly successful in his subsequent pursuits. On the 2sth of August, 1850, he took to his heart and home a helpmeet in the person of Elizabeth Fry, who was born May 25, 1828, in the State of Ohio. The family moved to Marion County, Ohio, and there Mr. Fry died in 1852. There were Will- iam, David, Jane. Deborah, Elizabeth, Walter, Isaac, Martha, Mary, Darius, Emily and Silas ; six of them survive the parents. The mother, after the death of her husband, came West and died here in the year i860, at Elmwood. Mr. and Mrs. W. were blessed with three children — Lefee A., born June 7, 185 1, who departed this life Feb. 1 1, 1854, having only at- tained to the winning and happy age of three years, and at this most joyous period of childhood, which wins all hearts, was gathered home by the reaper Death. Hezekiah died in infancy; William Cyrus, born April 26, 1853, is also deceased. Our subject's second matrimonial alliance was with Mildred Logan, May 4, 1856. She was born April 28, 1837, in Amherst County, Va., and they are the parents of it children, viz.: L. V. R., born Sept. 27. 1857; Alonzo, Nov. 28, 1858, now deceased; Louisa, born Feb. 26, 1859, also deceased; William, born Aug. II, 1861 ; Arzella, Feb. 13, 1863; Deborah A., Feb. 6, 1865 ; Lenora M., Jan. 14, 1867 ; Julia A., April 20, 1869; Charles. March 4, 187 1; Delbert, Feb. 28, 1873, deceased; and Clyde, .Aug. 15, 1877. Mrs. Woolsey is the daughter of Alexander and Elizabeth (Wright) Logan, natives of Virginia, and now deceased. L. V. R. married Miss Flora Hall, and is a farmer in Truro Township; they have two children, named Myrtle and Mabel. William mar- ried Miss Nora Taylor and is a resident of Caldwell County, Mo. ; they have one child. Arzella is the wife of F. E. Nelson ; they are residents of Elba Township and have one child, named Floyd E. Mr. Woolsey received his education in the common schools, which training, united with his keen obser- vation and worldly experience, has resulted in his be- coming a well-informed man. He has been pros- perous in the extreme, and stands high in the social and financial world. He is a man of large sympa- thies, and with his wife is a member of the United Brethren Church. Several members of his family are also connected with this organization. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party , the sentiments of a -^ JL 638 XJ\^OX COUNTY. which party he actively upholds with voice and vote. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., of Maquon Lodge, No. 256, and of the I. O. O. F., of Maquon Lodge. ^S= =&i- "T~T ,, .|C Wallace Hopkins is senior member of the ??/!: i j^j.|^-| jjf Hypkiiis Bros., liverymen, of Altona , 111., in which business he is associated with his brother, C. A. Ho|)kins. Mr. Hopkins was born in Oswego, Kendall Co., 111., May 17, 1842. (For paternal history see sketch of C. A. Hopkins, of Altona.) His early life was spent at home under parental charge and discipline. A share of this time was spent in gaining an education, he being allowed the winter season for attending the pub- lic school. This remained his privilege till the death of his mother, which occurred in Iowa. The father, r who yet survives the mother, lives with his children. J. Wallace's parents left Kendall County, thinking to better their worldly condition, and went West to the >* State of Iowa, while he was a small boy. After the death of his mother, J. Wallace was en- gaged in various situations, and roamed about in dif- ferent parts of the State, till the news was brought that the first gun had been fired on Fort Sumter, when he immediately responded to the President's call for soldiers and enlisted under the stars and stripes. He enlisted in Co. A, sgth Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., under command of Capt. Clayton Hall, of Knoxville, but, unfortunately, immediately after entering the army he was taken seriously ill, suffering at times violently from temporary loss of sight as well as from other bodily ailments. Without actively filling the place he was so well qualified for, he received an honora- ble discharge at the St. Louis Arsenal, and, although bitterly disappointed, he found his services were wholly dispensed with ; but so keen an interest did he feel in the struggle for the rights and honor of his country, that he soon re-entered the service of the Government as carpenter, at which he continued for 18 months. After his return from the army, via New York, he remained in that city for some time with hospitable relatives, one of whom became so interested in him that he made the generous offer to assume all personal expense for him if he would enter and at- tend the public schools. This golden opportunity, which Mr. Hopkins lost by refusing to comply with his wishes, he has never ceased regretting. Some time later he came to Altona, where, as previously slated, he made a venture in the direction of a liv- ery stable, since which time he has been gratified with a flourishing business. In the conducting of the trade Mr. Hopkins and his partner, his brother,- C. A., have both eminently proved their skill and ability in this direction, and every adjunct of their business is first-class, while both are well known for honesty and fair dealing with their fellow-man. Mr. Hopkins was married in Rockford, 111., Oct. 9, 1871, to Miss Mattie Pittney, a lady born, reared and educated in Rockford ; but after experiencing a short season of matrimonial happiness, she departed this life at Elmwood, Peoria Co., 111. The second marriage was celebrated at Altona, the lady of his choice being Mrs. Emma N. Rood,«^«' Cadwell, born in Knox County. By her former marriage Mrs. (Rood) Hopkins is the mother of one child — Lottie, whom she lost by death at the early age of seven years. The ' issue of the present union is three children — Nettie M., Minnie and Carl J. E. Mr. Hopkins takes an active part in all public affairs, is keenly interested'*^ in political matters and is Democratic in politics. -^ #^ ^ ^harles B. Johnson is a representative man in and around his vicinity, and follows Sj^?^ the calling of brickmaker in Galesburg ^^ Township. He is a native of the southern ^ part of Sweden, from which he emigrated in I the year 1852, arriving on the 4th of .\ugust in the city of New Vork. Coming West immediately, for a time he located at Rock Island, where he re- mained four years, meanwhile working at Mr. Atkin- son's brickyard for the remuneration of $9 per month. Thence he proceeded to Galesburg, where for seven years he worked steadily in the brickyard of Slater & Stafford. In the year t864 he located west of the Public Square, on the Monmouth road, where he purchased 11 acres of land ai.d started his own brickyard. Through the summer time he usually employs 22 hands, and as a rule turns out 1,500,000 brick per year. Mr. Johnson's birth occurred on tlie 12th of Feb- ruary, 1829. He is the son of Carl Johnson, born in 1799 and subsequently married to Miss Mary I — .^f^ ■ . ^NOX COUNTY. 639 Samuelson in 1826. This good lady was born in 1802; her decease took place in 1878. Her hus- band's demise occurred on the 25th of February, 1854. They were both natives of Sweden and the parents of five children, viz. : Samuel, Charles, John, Alexander and Louisa. The gentleman who5e name heads this sketch married Miss Hattie Matilda Nelson on the 21st of March, 1864. She was born in Sweden in 1837, but her parents are both deceased. Our subject and his amiable wife are the parents of four children, viz.: Sarah A., born May 6, 1865; Albert, March 15, 1867; Cora, April 25, 1S69; and Eddie, Feb. 4, 1872. These are all students at the English schools and form a bright, intelligent family. In his business Mr. Johnson is a master mechanic, and has furnished more brick for public and private buildings in Galesburg than any other manufacturer in that vicinity. He has the best trade of the place, and is a substantial man among his fellows. He has built for himself a fine dwelling-house and barn, his out-buildings being ample and commodious. He and his wife are leading members of the First Lutheran Church at Galesburg, where he has filled the position of Trustee for over nine years. He is a reliable Republican and watches all public and social measures likely to be of interest to and in sup- port of his party. illiam F. Barlow. .\mong the young and energetic farmers of Knox County, who have made a successful start in life through the energy and perseverance with which they are [wssessed, is William F. Bar- low. He is the son of Gideon A. Barlow (see sketch), and is following the vocation of farniing on section 9, Lynn Township. Mr. Barlow was born in the township in which he is at present rtsiding, Dec. 24, 1858. His early education was acquired in the common school, and suppleraenied by an attendance at the High School at Galva. He resided at home with his parents, as- sisting on the farm, and developed into manhood. He was married at the residence of his bride's par- ents in Peoria County, Feb. 21, 1884, to Miss Clara Fisher, daughter of James and Sarah (Clark) Fisher, natives of Massachusetts and New York respectively. Her parents came to this State and made settlement in Peoria County prior to their marriage. Her father is a wheelwright, and both of her parents are yet livi.ig and reside in that county. Mrs. Barlow was born in Brimfield, that county, Feb. 3, 1863. She lived with her parents and grandparents until her marriage with Mr. Barlow, having in the raeantiiTie received a good education in the common school. Her parents' family of children were nine in number, eight of whom are living, four sons and four daugh- ters. Since the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Barlow they have continued to reside on the farm on which they are at present living, and in their united efforts in life are meeting with success. The issue of their union has been one child, and their household was saddened by its death, Dec. 5, 1884, when little Jessie P. passed to the land beyond. Mrs. Barlow is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and our subject is a stanch supporter of the principles advocated by the Republican party. onathan F. Hubbell. Very few gentle men whose names figure in the prominent historical data of Knox County can show a more decided record than the subject of this biography. He is, in fact, one of the county's representative men, and at present a well-to-do retired farmer, and Justice of the Peace as well as Notary Public. His home, a spacious residence, is situated in Altona. Mr. Manessa Hubbell was the father of this gentleman, and a farmer and native of Seneca County, N. Y. He was in turn the son of Ephraim and a descendant of Richard Hubbell, who arrived from Wales and niade his home in the United Slates about 200 years ago. The gentleman whose name heads this notice is one of the eighth generation of that family in this country. The father of J. F. Hulibell arrived in Delaware County, Ohio, while a boy, and on Nov. 20, 1827, married Philena Buck, who was born in Seneca County, N. Y. She was a descendant of a large family by that name, whose influence in the Empire State was known far and wide. Our subject was the oldest child but one of ten children. By the union there were six sons and four - 640 KNOX COUNTY. daughters, two of the latter being now dead. Six of the children were born in Delaware (now Morrow) County, Ohio, and one child in Christian County, 111. The parents came to Illinois in 1840, at which date the father was in very feeble health. iMoving from Christian into Kno.\ County in 1841, they located in Victoria Township, where, after three years' stay, the father regained his broken health, after which he lived to secure a fair competency, and died Dec. 28, 1884. This gentleman was born April 6, 1806. His wife still survives, and is in her 79th year, her place of residence being still in Victoria. Our subject's father was of the old school of Whig ixsliticians, but ultimately became a Republican and Abolitionist, and took an active part in that direction. For some time he held many important and minor offices. The present Mr. Hubbell was only in his tenth year when he came to this country. Here he was educated until his nineteenth year had been attained, when he engaged in teaching, and followed this pro- fession during the winters of six years. During this I period he was married in Knoxville, on March 16, 1854, to Miss Mary Maxey, from Hart County, Ky. f^ This lady was born March 22, 1834. She was of Southern parentage and arrived here with her people in 1838. While yet a child, her parents died in Knoxville, 111. Her death took place at her home in Altona May 14, 1878. She was the mother of nine children, seven of whom survived her. She was an admirable mother and a good woman, and a very active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church during her life. As a wife she was remarkable for her good sense and devotion to her husband's interests. The children born to this union are as follows: Emma A.,, wife of Dr. J. D Stocking, now residing in Clarendon, Tex. ; Charles, residing at Denver, Colo., and assistant treasurer and cashier in an insurance office ; he is also civil engineer and stenog- rapher ; for some time he worked for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Company, and is a very promi- nent business man. Ruth is now a telegraph oper- ator in Terrill, Tex., and one among the most skillful in the office. Frances is in Omaha, Neb., and follows the occupation of stenographer and type-writer, being considered well educated and skillful in her profession. Hattie is at present a stu- dent in Knox College, and, it is hoped, will complete her course in two years. John E. lives at home. Of those deceased are Arthur, who died in infancy; -I- Martha Alice, who died at 27, and was a good scholar and ardent student. She had attended Hed- ding College, Abingdon, where she graduated, and Mr. H. remembers her with pride as one who by her scholarship and noble life shed a halo around her family ar.d won the esteem of friends far and near. Maxie died aged 20 months. Mr. H. celebrated his second marriage at Ma- comb, III., on the 13th of January, 1880, with Miss Mary Kersey, a native of Knox County, born at Knoxville March 16, 1837. Her parents, Levan and Prudence (Godfrey) Kersey, were early settlers in Knox County, having come here from Ross County, Ohio. Settling in this State in 1830, they commenced farming; three years later in Knox County. In 1867 the father died. The mother was born Jan. i, 1799, and died March 3, 1886. Mrs. H.,wife of the subject of this sketcli, was educated and reared in this county, and remained with her parents to the time of her death. Mr. H. made his first purchase of land in 1852, which consisted of 40 acres with improvements. He subsequently purchased other land in anoiher part of the township, on sections 26 and 35, containing] ( 320 acres of excellent farm land. He also is the owner of 95 acres, which is all within the village limits and on which is located a very desirable resi- dence. Mr. H. is quite an extensive cattle-breeder, and in this particular has been most successful. Mr. Hubbell is a gentleman of whom anyone can- not speak too highly, his good sense and large sympathies attracting many and substantial admirers. j.(^'ohnston S. Brewer. One of the principal business men and leading citizens of his sec- tion, and a prominent druggist of Knox- ville, is Johnston S. Brewer, who is named as the subject of this detailed personal narration. His business relations to the community are of the most satisfactorj' character, and he carries a first- class assortment of all such goods as are essential to his special line of trade, while his courteous treat- ment of patrons and friends makes him one of the most popular men in that vicinity. Our subject was born in Franklin County, Pa., on the 10th day of July, 1831, and his father was Adam Brewer, a native of the same county. Jacob Brewer, his grandfather, came of a direct line of old German LA^ I imm OF THE L..iVERSITV Of tLUmid f-i- KNOX COUNTY. 643 *f ancestry, and the patronymic was originally spelled Brua. He came to America, accompanied by his family, and settled in Franklin County, where he passed his entire life. His son, father of the subject, was reared from boyhood on the old homestead in his native county, and received his early education in the common schools, fitting himself for a teacher. He engaged in this work and occasionally did a lit- tle surveying, remaining in Franklin County until 1839, when in the fall of that year he emigrated to Fulton County, 111., where he located at Canton. In this section of the country he Ixjught a farm, be- coming interested in agricultural pursuits, and en- gaging in them until 1S49, when he removed to Kno.vville and lived a retired life, which was closed by the grim destroyer of all men in 1877. The maiden name of Mr. Brewer's wife was Marie Johnston, and she was born in Washington County, Md. Their union was a happy and productive one, blessed by the birth of eight children, five of whom still live, viz. : Jacob \V., M. I)., who is a druggist at Monmouth ; Margaret, wife of A. H. Boyd, who lives in Tarrant County, Texas; Laura, wife of Brewer r Cushwa, who lives in Mercer County, Pa.; Marion, wife of J. W. Sample, whose home is in Knoxville, and our subject, who is the youngest child of the family. He was eight years of age when brought by his parents to Illinois, and 18 when he came to Knoxville. He received his education in the public schools, and entered his brother's store as clerk with a view to learning the business. Here he worked from 1850 till 1854 as prescription and compounding clerk, and at the end of that time removed to Mus- catine, Iowa, where he went into a drug store and there remained, learning thoroughly the secrets of that branch of commerce, until i860. From this city he came back and bought out his brother's bus- iness, and has figured as one of the best druggists in that section of the country ever since. Matrimonial honors were conferred upon him by Miss Georgie, daugliter of Ephraim and Cordelia (Mcllvain) Sionesipher, who was born in the State of Pennsylvania, and was a much admired and popu- lar young lady. Resulting from their alliance has been the birth of two children, Clifford W. and Pansy L., and their family circle includes the joys of a home blessed with contentment and the true beauties of genuine goodness. Mr. Brewer is an active public worker and a stir- A ring, wide-awake member of the social circles to which he belongs. He is a stockholder and Director in the Farmers' National Bank of his home town, and politically is alive to the questions of the day. He is Democratic in belief and sentiment, and votes in the interests of that party. eorge W. Brown, distinguished as the in- ^ ventor and manufacturer of the famous -Mi\3^^ corn-planter bearing his name, is a native ' / C^ ' of Saratoga County, N. Y., where he was born '^ Oct. 29, 1815. His parents, Valentine and Bethany (Spink) Brown, were New Englanders, and moved West to York State when the latter place was comparatively a new country. Valentine Brown was a farmer by occupation, and had he lived would probably have trained his sons up to that vocation. He died when the subject of this sketch was about two and a half years of age. One of the elder sons of Valentine Brown became a carpenter, and at the age of 14 years George W. <* left the farm and began with his brother to learn the trade of a carpenter and joiner. When about 21 years of age, or in 1836, after having assisted in the , construction of the second line of railroad in New York, viz., the line between Albany and Schenectady, of which road he was for a time Trackmaster, he came West. He located first in Warren County, where he carried on farming and car|)entering up to 1855. In 1848 he conceived the idea of a machine for planting corn, and his first effort at such a con- struction was an attempt to combine the planter with the corn cultivator, which he had previously invented. The idea was to plant three rows at a time. The shovels of the cultivator were placed a proper distance apart for the separate rows ; a man walked in the rear and manipulated the " dropper," and three sections of a sawlog took their respective places im- mediately behind the plows to press the dirt over the grain. The roller principle is the same to the present day. The spring of 1851 arrived, and with it Mr. Brown's " two-wheeled corn-planter," which was to revolutionize the planting of the principal cereals of the world ; this brought the unknown Warren County farmer forth from obscurity, elevated him to the top- ^r^ =^^> 644 KNOX COUNTY. most rung in the ladder of local invention, and made him one of the wealthiest men in the vicinity where he resided. Mr. Brown has added to the planter of 1 85 I hundreds of minor appliances, all tending in the direction of real improvements, but the essential features of the first machine remain unchanged. In 1855 Mr. Brown removed to Galesburg and began the manufacture of planters in earnest. The demand for them increased according as their merits became known to the people, and the success attained in a financial way was fully commensurate with the great value of the invention to the corn-belt of the coun- try. From 1861 to 1864, inclusive, George W. Brown reaped a harvest. By this time dealers in farm im- plements began to exhibit a lively interest in the great enterprise, and, contrary to Mr. Brown's better judgment, a large number of machines, almost doub- ling that of any previous year, were ordered and built for the market of 1865. As is known, the spring of that year saw the close of the war, consequent upon which agricultural commerce came to a standstill. Mr. Brown had thus scattered throughout the entire country over 2,500 planters, and his balance sheet the following spring showed that the accumulations of ten years were about swept away. However, with credit unimpaired, and with a brave heart and a strong arm, he borrowed in the summer of 1866 $25- 000, and proceeded to build 3,000 more machines, which he threw upon the market and realized upon and closed the year with a handsome profit. And so it has since been. To meet an increasing market the capacity was increased from time to time, and tlie product has yielded proportionate results. In 1880 Mr. Brown re -organized his business and converted it into a stock company, of which he is not only tlie President, but the head and front, and it is his great ability, his unswerving integrity and his genius more than all else that has given character to the firm, and ranks its transactions among the lead- ing industries of the Great West, placing it pre- eminently at the head of Knox County enterprises. (See history of the Brown Corn-Planter Works, this volume.) George W. Brown is purely a self made man. The sum of his inheritance did not exceed $150, and he brought with him to Illinois, aside from his family, a wagon and a span of horses, and on arriving here had only $28 left. His schooling was meager indeed, but his good common sense, sound judgment and de- termination (without ostentation) to succeed were more than equivalent to academic accomplishment. His inventive genius from time to time has found outlet in various agricultural implements, but the things to which his attention is most directed are the planter, cultivator and check-rower. Public spirited at all times and liberal to a fault, Galesburg will find it difficult, if not impossible, to replace this man when in time he shall be gathered unto his fathers. At no time in his life a politician or office-seeker (his only official experience being limited to one terra as Mayor of Galesburg), Mr. Brown has found plenty of time to attend to his own business. He has never been a man for " dress parade," but is quiet and un- assuming in his demeanor, consistent alike in his pretensions and his actions. Such was George W. Brown as Roadmaster, as farmer, as manufacturer, and now as capitalist. Mr. Brown was married at Clifton Park, Saratoga County, N. Y., Sept. i, 1835, to Miss Maria Turpen- ing. His son, James E. Brown, is Treasurer of the' G. W. Brown & Co. Corn-Planter Works ; one of his daughters is married to M. T. Perrin, and another to W. S. Cowan, both of Galesburg. Mr. Brown and wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1835, and during the early days as a farmer his house was frequently made a temporary home by the clergymen. He has contributed very largely to the erection of the hand- some church building owned by the congregation in Galesburg of which he is a member, and the church and the cause of Christ have always found in him a most earnest and pious supporter, and the missionary and Sunday-school cause a devoted friend and lib- eral patron. His residence is about two miles from the center of Galesburg, on his handsome and well- improved farm, which consists of 400 acres all well tilled. There is a beautiful lake of five acres, sit- uated about a quarter of a mile from his residence. There is a pumping-house, with large boilers and pumps that force water up to his residence and barns through a series of water mains, which are tapped at short intervals, and water plugs placed in position. He has several hundred feet of rubber hose for watering his gardens and for fire purposes. Taking it all together, it is one of the model farms in this State. His city residence, corner of Kellogg and Tompkins streets, is one of the most attractive in the city. The lawn is beautifully laid out with walks 4> M^. t u KNOX COUNTY. 645 and flower beds. In politics Mr. B. has been a Re- publican since the organization of that party. We give the portrait of .Mr. Brown in connection with this sketch, and a fine double- page view of his resi- dence is shown on page 652. -^ ^-*^ ^ •gBJBi lien Moore Parmenter. One of the lead- ing citizens of Knoxville in matters con- ~(^' cerning public good, and prominent in '- works of temperance and morality, is the sub- ject of this biographical notice, the principal hardware merchant of the town. He holds many local offices, is foremost in the church circles, upholds prohibition and is an active, hearty laborer in all the societies organized for the good of the people at large. Mr. Parmenter was born in Kno.vville, Dec. 25, 1846, and was the fifth son of Theophilus T. and Roxana (Warner) Parmenter (see sketch). His early education was attained through the medium of the public schools, and at the age of 14 years he ii went to the city of Peoria and there served three years' apprenticeship to a tinner, learning the trade. At the end of this time, a youth of 17 years, he trav- . eled East with a view to seeing the country and pur- suing his vocation, and stopped at Boston, Mass. In this city he worked at his trade for the Eastern Railroad Company for one year, and after^vard for Seavey & Co.'s stamping and manufacturing works. With this company he continued thiee years and at the end of that time returned to Knoxville, and pur- chased the patent right of the " Monitor Brace and Bit," and subse<|uenlly went back to the Eastern States, stopping in Seymour, Conn. In this place he entered the Humphreysville Manufacturing Com- pany, and under their auspices manufactured the patent bit, representing the company, with it, as traveling salesman, one year. From here he went to Troy, N. Y., where he worked as coppersmith one year, then entered the firm of Tii)betts & Co., as tinsmith, where he worked for two years, at the end of which time he returned to Knoxville, and, with his father as partner, en- gaged in the boot-and-shoe business. In 1875 he opened a house-furnishing store, with a small stock of goods, adding to it as his success in business warranted him in doing. To this, in 1881, he added a hardware depaitment, the first bill of hardware being $8, and in time built up a good trade, so that at the present time he has a well-stocked business house, carrying every kind of article included in this class of goods. He has gained a flattering patronage and has been very successful in his undertaking. Added to his business house is a tinshop, and in 1883 he began the sale of agricultural implements and in that particular line has had a big " boom." In the year 1872, Dec. 25, he espoused Miss Kate E. Rosenberg, of Quincy, Pa., who was born in that city March 28, 1850. Into their pleasant liousehold have come four children — Willie, Harvey, Harry and Morris. Willie was born Sept. 23, 1874, but was early taken away by diphtheria, Dec. 25, 1880, which dread disease also attacked Harvey, who was born June 7, 1876, and died at the interesting age of five years, on the 14th of January, 1S81, so that to the parents of this happy family there remain but two of their little flock — Harry A., who was born Aug. 8, 1882, and Morris, born Feb. 16, 18S4. Mr. Parmenter is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in good and regular standing, and his wife worships under the doctrines of faith as repiesenied by the Lutheran Church. He is a Sun- day-school worker of much ability and has filled the office of Su|)erintendent for six years. He is a charter member of Knox Lodge, No. 1 26, A. O. U. W., and of the Supreme Lodge and Grand Lodge of the same order. U[X)n him was conferred the some- what difficult honor of selecting a title for the first- named lodge, and to it he gave the one previously mentioned. He is a member as well of Knoxville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M., Rabboni Chapter, No. 95, and Illinois Council, No. i. He is ably qnalified for the social position he holds, and is in life and character a direct proof the assertion that " life is what we make it." ^^■^ amuel F. Patton. Situated on section 32, of Copley Township, is the pleasant home of the gentleman of whom this history is written. He may tjuoted as one of the sub- stantial and reliable men of this section of country and as one of the representative citi- of Knox County. In his chosen sphere of labor, of a farmer's life, he has achieved that success T X. 646 KNOX COUNTY. which is the outgrowth of unwearied perseverance, thrift and a true idea of " the eternal fitness of things." Mr. Patton was born in Highland County, Ohio, March 13, 1839. Both parents were from Highland County and emigrated to Illinois in 1843, settling in Persifer Township, Knox County. Their names are recorded among those of the pioneers, and they have taken a keen interest in the rapid growth and develop- ment of the county. They purchased 80 acres of land after arriving and soon afterward added 360 acres, on which he has since resided. To their home a family of six children was added, as follows : William, Sam- uel F., James H., Elizabeth S., Hugh T. and John J. Mrs. Patton died May 10, 1876. Our subject remained at home until he was 22 years of age. He then enlisted, determined to go forth in behalf of the country. He was in Co. A, 59th 111. Vol. Inf This regiment was organized as the 9th Mo. Inf. and changed to the 59th 111. Mr. Patton (remained with it from June, 1861, to January, 1866, taking part in the terrible battles which in one's .remembrance stand out vividly in " the gallery of I tragedy " — Pea Ridge, Ark. ; Perryville, Ky. ; Stone I River, Tenn. ; Tullahoma, Tenn. ; Chickamauga, Ga. ; I Lookout Mountain, Tenn.; Missionary Ridge, f Tenn. ; Ringgold, Ga. Mr. Patton was also in the Atlanta campaign, passing through the entire ser- vice. He was wounded several times, and almost fatally Dec. 16, 1864. At that time a minie ball passed through his body and lodged near the back- bone. He remained in a iiospital about five months, lying in a very low condition, and was then returned to the regiment, where he staid until the close of the war. He received an honorable discharge after he was wounded and was promoted to a First Lieuten- antship for his undaunted courage, that " never flinched a single inch when cannons played," and after the war he returned home with honor attending him. On leaving the service Mr. Patton went onto his farm, which he engaged in improving and cultivating for two years. At the end of that time he was ap- pointed Deputy Sheriff of Knox County. This oflSce he held from 186S to 1870, being then elected as Sheriff. At this he served two years, living in Knox- ville. After returning from his public duties to the quiet and unexciting vocation of fanning, he settled in Copley Township, and there lives at the present time. In company with a brother, William N., he owns a farm of 350 acres, on which they are engaged in stock and grain raising. Samuel F. Patton was mauled Nov. 4, 1871, to Miss Frances, a daughter of Hugh D. and Sallie (McKnight) Heagg ; both were from Pennsylvania and emigrated to Illinois in 1851. They settled at Kno.wille, where he lived up to the date of his death, wiiich occurred in 1882. The mother, who still sur- vives him, lives at Knoxvilleand has attained a good old age, remaining in full possession of her faculties. Mr. Patton is a public worker and has held the of- fices of Sheriff, Assessor, Commissioner of Highways and Collector, and is at present a Justice of the Peace. While acting in the capacity of Deputy Sheriff it fell to the lot of Mr. Patton to assist in the execution of John M. Osborne, who, during the year 1872, brutally murdered Mrs. John H. Mathews — - one of the most heinous crimes that was ever com- mitted in the county. He is a Republican in politics, devoting himself exclusively to the interests of that party. In common with other soldiers, he belongs to the G. A. R., which organization holds him in high esteem. j^ornelius Runkle. If anything can be *^ said that will add credit to the already widely-known reputation of the name above given, to pen this here would be a pleasing task. In the bustle of life much good in the the lives of prominent men, though not prac- tically lost to the community at large, is rarely re- corded and remembered. This is most true of the present subject, whose quieter and less ostentatious deeds have so often borne good fruit. Cornelius Runkle was born in the town of Water- vliet, Albany Co., N. Y., Jan. 19, 1810. His father, Mr. John Runkle, was a native of the same State and of Holland descent. His mother was Helen Van Woort, also of New York State and descendant of Holland parentage. Mr. Runkle was but a child of three years of age when his father died, and with his mother succeeded to the old homestead, tlie lat- ter's death occurring when he was in his 1 6th year. By this time he had acquired what is considered a good business education in the common school. At this date four brothers and two sisters were at home, where they remained until August, 1834, £-^ •H^ Jh- KNOX COUNTY. 647 when Mr. R. set out westward in search of a location for the future. His elder brothers, John and Henry, had come to Illinois the year previously, the former settling in Peoria County, town of Hanna City, where he still resides, while Henry located in Knoxville. In the year 1 835 the subject of this biography ar- rived in Kno.wille, and with his brother formed a partnership in the mercantile trade, which lasted over one and a half years, at the close of which Mr. Runkle proceeded to Mt. Pleasant, Henry Co., Iowa, where he became one of the earliest settlers. Here he engaged again in trade until 1847, when, return- ing to Kno.xville, he became clerk to his brother Henry, a position which he filled successfully until elected Sheriff in 1854. The Whig party discovered in Mr. Runkle a man whose aptitude in politics and bearing as a straight- forward business man were calculated to secure him the ear of those {lossessing influence with the party. Through his direct agency numerous and imiwrtant measures were considered and finally adopted that helped largely to promote his party's interests. He held the office of Sheriff two years, and then, enter- ing into partnership with his brother, the firm of Runkle & Co. was established, the house running successfully for eight years. It was finally wound up and a National Bank opened. Tliis was des- tined to become in time the First National Bank of Knoxville, with Mr. Cornelius Runkle at its head as President. In this jKjsilion he continued to direct the affairs of the institution until January, 1885. For financial sagacity and a keen insight into human nature the President of the First National Bank was notable and was met by very few men who did not speedily recognize these qualities. Often when questions of financial importance, affecting alike his own community and that of adjoining districts, might have fallen to the consideration of men in higher places, the good sense of those connected w'ith Mr. Runkle induced them invariably to seek his advice and help. During his connection with the bank the following occurrence startled the community : On the night of Feb. 6, 1880 (he had his private sleeping-room in the bank building), after he had retired and gone to sleep, he was awakened by three men in his room. They blindfolded and gagged him, after which they took him to the safe and ordered him to unlock it. Not having the com- bination, he could not do so, and says he " would not have done so even if he had known the combina- tion." In order to compel him to acquiesce in their demands they hung him up by the neck, then let him down ; he still refused. Then they laid him in bed, drew his feet over the footboard and held the lamp underneath them, burning him and torturing him in a most fearful manner. They left about three o'clock in the morning, but before going they tied Mr. Runkle securely, as they thought, in bed, but he succeeded after a couple of hours in releasing ! himself, and when he went to breakfast he gave the j alarm. The thieves, however, secured $3,500, which ! they found in a small, old-fashioned safe, the key of | which was in Mr. Runkle's pocket. It was about two months before he fully recovered from the shock to his system and the effects of the burning. The thieves were never caught. Living at present in comparative retirement, Mr. Runkle has drawn around him many substantial and trusty friends, who share his genialty and good \ will and to whom his living presence is a source of 1 great comfort and enjoyment. j ««iZJ2fi-'©i®^ |?4 »'^^SWW»»• ■-v^^i amuel G. Marsh. One of the active bus- iness men of Knoxville, and an energetic disciple of his trade, is the subject of this historical sketch, who is a resident of some years' standing and a carpenter and joiner of no restricted ability. Mr. Marsh opened his eyes to the light of day in Lycoming County, Pa., seven miles below Williamsport, on the Susquehan- na River, on July 18, 1825. His father, George Marsh, was a native of Pennsylvania and of German origin and blood. The great-grandfather of our sub- ject was born in Northampton County ; two of his brothers were soldiers in that never-to-be-forgotten struggle for American liberty, the Revolutionary War. One of these brothers, fighting in behalf of his country, was taken by the British as prisoner, and while in their hands died, gaining the larger liberty for which he was struggling in the great hereafter. The grandfather of Samuel was an early settler in Lycoming County, in Wild Deer Valley, where he closed his existence, spending his last days there from choice. His son, the father of our subject, was ^^ -H- Jt 648 KNOX COUNTY. i •reared on a farm, and in 1809 married Margaret Fribley, who was born in Lancaster County, Pa., and was of German ancestry. The young man rented a farm in Lycoming County immediately after securing his " right-hand supporter," and together the two be- gan life. Working unitedly, they continued in this place until about 1837, when they removed to Ohio, and settled in what is now called Summit County. A year previous he had visited the State with a view to locating there, and he purchased a farm in Green Township, on which they took up their abode the next spring, there remaining until 1853. At this time he removed to the village of Manchester, where he lived a retired life until 1S64, at which time the reaper, Death, gathered him into the ranks of those gone before, at the ripe age of 83 years, thus closing a life of usefulness and goodness. The faithful wife and mother died March 31, 1875, aged 82 years 1 1 months and 19 days. The marriage of George Marsh with Margaret ' Fribley resulted in the birth of 14 children, named Mar\-, George, Elizabeth, Adam, John, Catherine, Abraham, Peter, Christine, Samuel, Margaret, Jacob, r* Christopher and Sarah ; all lived to maturity, but six are dead now. When the subject of this notice had reached the * age of 21, having remained with his parents up to this time, working on the farm, he engaged with a carpenter and joiner in Manchester, with whom he labored, receiving the meager sum of $3 per month for eight months. Following this, he worked as journeyman carpenter until 1848, when he went into the State of Indiana and taught school through the winter. In the spring he set his face Illinoisward, and, reaching Joliet, spent three months working at his trade. Two months of enforced idleness followed, and at the end of his unwelcome vacation he returned to Indiana, and, obeying the industrious promptings that bade him take what he could get, worked in the harvest field for a few weeks. At the end of this time he went to Ohio, w-here he worked at his trade until 1855. Again heading for Illinois, he spent three months in Kewanee. He next came to Knox- ville, July 8, 1855, where Jje secured work at his trade, and has since remained a resident of that city. In spirit and disposition Mr. Marsh is a man of correct theories and generous impulses. His eyes are wide open to the condition of the affairs of the nation, and he is liberal in politics. In religious be- lief and sentiment he is broad-minded and unbiased by any sp)ecial denominational creed. He has a good recollection of former times, in that his first presi- dential vote was cast for Gen. Scott. ^if^l ..arl Lucan. The subject of this historical t^'P^Si notice is one of the most important and in- gl'R/^'*' fluential men resident within the county, V^ from a business point of view no less than ^ from his personal characteristics, which enable \ him to succeed largely in ever)- venture to which he turns his attention. He is a farmer by oc- cupation, but adds to this branch of local industry that of stock buying and shipping, besides being a tanner. His home is located on section 34, of Chest- nut Township, and he may be reckoned one of our best men. Mr. Lucan was bom in Prussia, June 17, 1836, and came to America in 1854, in company with two other young men, landing in New York. They went to Philadelphia, where he remained six weeks, and from there removed to Lancaster County, Pa., where he engaged in an iron-ore mine. Leaving that, he took up farming, at which he continued for two years, then emigrated to Illinois, entering Fulton County near Canton, where he remained until 1873. His next move was to Knox County, where he engaged in buy- ing, selling and shipping stock, and in which branch of business he was unusually successful. September 13, r86i, Mr. Lucan was united in marriage w^ith Philecia Lloyd, who was bom in Knox Count)', 111., Dec. 7, 1843. Mrs. Lucan is the daugh- ter of Malachi and Ruey Ann (Mitchell) Lloyd, the former of whom was born in Ohio, and the latter in Pennsylvania. The husband died in 1840, in Ful- ton County, but his widow slUl survives him, liv-ing in the vicinity of Canton, 111. She was the mother of six children by her first marriage, and in the year 1841 was again married to Mr. John Coleman, of Fulton Count)', to whom she has borne four children. The children of the Lloyd family are as follows : Francis, Lewis, James, Albert, Philecia and Mala- chi. The names of the Coleman children are Har- riet, R. Anna, Benjamin F. and James A. Mr. Lucan, of this sketch, is the son of Henry and Anna M. (Oesterheld) Lucan, both natives of Ger- many. His father was born in 1809, and departed \ ^t^ KNOX COUNTY. 649 this life in 1882, at the ripe age of 73 years, while his wife, who was born in 1812, died in 1879. They were the parents of five children, namely : William H., Sophia, Carl, Elizabeth and Mary. Carl was the third in order of birth, and was the only member of his father's family that emigrated to America. He is the father of five children, all living: William H., born May 5, 1862, married Miss Ida M. Pettingill Nov. 8, 1883 ; she was born in Knox County, May 27, 1864. Mary E , born Oct 7, 1863, married H. M. Hall, of Fulton County, Jan. 26, 1S82, and they have one child; Mr. Hall was born in Fulton County, Oct. 23, 1854. Philecia E., born April 24, 1865, is the wife of Alexander E. Ogle, the date of their marriage being Dec. 27, 18S3, and they have one child; Mr. Ogle was born in Adams County, 111., May 17, 1861. Annie S., born July 25, 1867 ; and Gracy Carl, born Dec. 25, 1881. Mr. Lucan in religious belief inclines to the doc- trines of the Christian Church. He is a Republican in \x)litics, is stirring and active and has a deep in- terest in educational matters, having held the office of School Director for two years. -^ A A 1~T £>- ^bfjii;.' ames W. MeCown. Among the leading 1j^ji(- business men of Abingdon, and those note- worthy for good citizenship and practical worth and ability, may be found James W. ^r McCown, merchant tailor and dealer in gentle- men's furnishing goods. This business was established in 1879, and the firm at that time con- sisted of Curtis A. Lee and Mr. McCown. The partnership continued until the spring of 1882, when Mr. V. W. Kennisli purchased Mr. Lee's interest. Jan. I, 1885, Mr. McCown sold out to A. D. Harvey, and in the ensuing August bought out both gentle- men, since which time he has conducted the business alone. He estimates his stock at §6,000 or §7,000, does custom work and receives a very flattering patronage. Mr. McCown was born in Rockbridge County, Va., Dec. 24, 1836, and is the son of James G. and Mary (Sproul) McCown. Both parents were born in the Slate of Virginia, of Scotch-Irish parents. Our subject was reared in his native State and began bus- iness at Midway, Va., as a merchant's clerk. When he came to Knox County, in r868, he was for a time engaged in farming, and in 1879 came to Abingdon and began his present business. He was united in marriage with Miss Christiana, daughter of Stuart and Martha E. (Hickman) Tay- lor. Mrs. McCown was also born in Rockbridge County, and was a schoolmate of her husband. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which faith they worship. The husband is a man of busy life, but something of a politician, and votes the Republican ticket, of which party he is an earnest supporter. -i=«= =?- W-l amuel Milroy. Among the leading and \ fc^il progressive citizens of Knox County and ■{' .'.r ' her more solid and substantial men may i'^ be quoted the name of Mr. Milroy, who is a farmer in that section of the country, devoted enthusiastically to his business, and whose fine farm of 160 acres lies on section 2 1, of Copley Town- ship. Mr. Milroy was born in Scotland in 1825, and his "^ parents were Samuel and Agnes (Forsythe) Milroy, both natives of Scotland. They had a family of seven children, as follows : Margaret, John, Will- iam, Martin, Agnes, Samuel and Alexander. The parents died in their native land in i860 and 1829 respectively. Mr. Milroy remained at home until 30 years of age, working on the farm of 1,500 acres, whereon were large numbers of sheep, cattle, and every accompa- niment necessary to the success of this branch of industry. After leaving home he rented a house at Newton, and after living there ten months came to America in 185 i, and remained in New York State four months. In October of that year he came to Illinois and settled in Copley Township, Knox Coun- ty, where he purchased 160 acres and made all needed improvements. Here he built up a home, erecting a residence which cost him about §2,000, and setting out fruit and shade trees, and carried on mixed farming. Samuel Milroy was married in 1849 to Miss Mar- garet McMish, the daughter of Nathaniel and Jane (McGoch) McNish. They were natives of Scotland and had a family of eight children, as follows: Mar- garet, William, Alexander, Isabelle, Nathaniel, Jt=: i :* L_y> 650 KNOX COUNTY. James, David and John. The parents died in the land of their birth in 1847 and 1848. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Milroy have three children : John E., who married Rachel Waffle and is father of four children — Alice, Alfred, James and Bessie; Nathaniel married Isabella Cooke and has two children — Mary A. and William Maurice ; Isabelle united in marriage with Hugh McCormack and is the mother of two children — Guy H. and Adda Mabel. Mr. Milroy is a Republican, and has held the of- fice of School Director for several terms and also that of Commissioner of Highways. With his wife he belongs to the Presbyterian Church, which he up- holds and helps by his presence and financially. ~v\/-..-v«i2j2a;©^5«-^^^->i^>SW3^'*>~'vv~<. eorge Mather. Among the prosperous farm- ers of Orange Township who have attained ' success by energy and industry in their chosen vocation is the subject of this notice. He is a self-m.ide man in every sense the word implies, and is engaged in his calling on section 27, Orange Township. Mr. Mather was born in the township in wiiich he resides, Oct. 21, 1843. His father was I^aac and his mother Mary A. (Fot- ner) Mather, the former being a native of New York, born Jan. 19, [79r. The father of our subject was a farmer by occupation and followed his calling until his demise in this county, Feb. 28, 187 i. He came to Illinois in 1833, and settled on the place where George now lives. The first year he and his family lived in blockhouses in order to be protected against the Indians. His wife, mother of our subject, was born in Virginia, Dec. 5, 1800, and died in this county July 25, 1870. The subject of this notice joined the army of bene- dicts April 8, 1866, by uniting with Jane Cramer, the intelligent and accomplished daughter of James hnd Anseline (Jones) Cramer. She was born in Cler- mont Co., Oliio, March 17, 1848. Her parents were born in Maryland, the father April 15, i8[6, and her mother Feb. 4, 182 1. The father died in Ohio in 1877, and the mother in this county July 6, 1865: Our subject secured hii education in the common schools of his native county and was here brought up to the calling in which he is at present engaged. He is the owner of 182 acres of good land, located on section 27, Orange Township, where he is actively and energetically engaged in the prosecution of his calling. On his place he has a frame residence one and one-half stories in height, of the most modern architecture, and likewise a good barn and necessary out-buildings, and his farm is second to none in Or- ange Township. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. M.ither the follow- ing children were born: Emory E., born Nov. 3, 1867, died Feb. 28, of the same year; Raymond, born June 10, 1868, died July 14, i88r ; Amanda E., born June 17, 1881, died July 16, of the same year; Arthur, born in August, 1873, died July 4, 1881; Martha, born Sept. 30, 1875; Frank, Dec. 13, 1876, died Jan. 25, 1877. Politically Mr. Mather is a believer in and a sup- porter of the principles advocated by the Republican party. As a representative of the agricultural class of Orange Township he may certainly be classified as the peer of any. He is not a member of any church organization, but is a believer in the Golden Rule, and liberal in his views. 'homas Andrews. This gentleman has a delightful farm on section 6, Walnut Grove Township, and in his occupation is consid- ered good authority. He is the son of Hugh Andrews, mentioned elsewhere in this work. The subject of this history was born in Ayr- shire, Scotland, April 18, 1847. He was only in his eighth year when his parents came to this country and settled in the township named. Remaining at home and working with his father during the sum- mer, he in the winter months attended the district schools. His marriage took place Jan. 15, 1880, to Miss Emma McClatchy, daughter of William and Margaret (Foster) McClatchy, both natives of Penn- sylvania, but descended from Scotch ancestry. Her father was a farmer living in Armstrong County, Pa., when Mrs. Andrews of this notice was born. Her birthday was Oct. 18, 1858. She was the youngest of eight children — three sons and five daughters. The family arrived in Illi- nois in 1865, and settled in Walnut Grove Town- ship, where Mrs. A. was educated partially, and aft- erward at Altona. Her parents now reside in Knox- t 4^ LIBRARY OF THE t:;iVERsiTy of nimr.i '^^^^%^\ . *^3^4f'«f^ i- .'-*45' . .*" !^ «Sp tl '1 <5^ i^.^^ v^a Residemceof Hon. Geo.W. Bi; vi, ONE Mile EAST of Galesburg. ,;;.VER^ OF y^' KNOX COUNTY. 655 ville. By her union with Mr. Andrews there have been three children born — Maggie G., Lydia A. and Mary. Soon after this marriage the family settled on his father's old homestead before referred to. Here he has 300 acres of well-improved land, which is amply supplied with valuable stock. His residence and farm buildings compare favorably with the best in the county, and altogether the subject of this his- tory is deemed one of the most successful farmers in Knox County. As members of the Presbyterian Church this fam- ily are in excellent standing and thought highly of by their community. For some time Mr. .Andrews has lield the office of Township Trustee. In politics he is a representa- tive Republican, who holds dear the principles of that party, and is always fou-nd ready to utter his convictions, no matter where or when. ^rank D. Huggins. Standing prominent among the more influential and popular citizens and worthy men of Knox County is found the subject of this biography, who is !f^ proprietor of a book and stationery store in Knoxville. He is well known as one of the most notable and reliable residents of that city, his keen foresight, energetic purix)se and active execu- tion making this estimate of him a correct one. Mr. Huggins was born in Knoxville, Sept. 2, 1S52, and although yet a young man has shown marked business ability. His father, David B. Huggins, a resident of Knoxville, is a native of the Green Mountain State, where he was born Aug. 31, 1834, in Orleans County, his father being Deacon David Huggins, a pioneer of Knox County (see sketch of ExJson Huggins). David B. Huggins, the father of our subject, was 1 1 years of age wlien he came to Knox County, and he grew to manhood, assisting his father in improving the farm and attending the dis- trict school. He often went to Galena, Burlington and Peorii, the then nearest market [xsints. David Huggins was united in marriage Dec. 26, 1847, with Miss Harmony Doty, who was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. At the time of his mar- riage he located on the old homestead and there re- mained until 1855, when he started with his wife and child for California. They went by the stage road to Bloomington, by railroad to Cairo, thence by steamer to New Orleans, taking the Nicaraugua route to San Francisco, and thence to San Jose. At this place he took charge of a hospital eight months. He then traveled in different parts of the State, and one year worked a farm. In 1857 he returned by the Panama and New York route, and resumed his ag- ricultural pursuits, on the farm he now owns and occupies. He located in the vicinity of Knoxville, and now owns 200 acres of land in Knox County and 300 in Taylor County, Iowa, divided into three farms. The subject is his only child. Mr. and Mrs. Huggins are active members of the Presbyterian Church, at Knoxville, and, though somewhat ad- vanced in years, Mr. H. is interested in politics, in which he supports the Republican party. Frank Huggins, of whom this biography is written, was reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving his early education in the Knoxville schools, After leaving these he spent six months at the Gem City Business College, Quincy, 111., at which place he received the silver medal offered for the greatest improvement in penmanship made during that period of time by any 1 i pupil. The class numbered upward of 100, and he was considered to have attained a high honor. He graduated from that institution in 1873, and after re- turning home engaged in farming until 1875, at which time he became clerk in a bookstore for J. C. Cover, and was Deputy Postmaster. He was engaged in clerking 18 months, at which he showed e.xcellent tact and business capability, but, leaving it, he went back to the farm and there continued till 1882. In September of that year, he entered as associate part- ner with J. C. Sheeley, and the firm bought out J. C. CoTer & Son, book and stationery dealers. These two partners continued together one year, at the end of which time he bought Mr. Sheeley 's interest and has since conducted the business alone. He was united in marriage Oct. 25, 1877, his chosen life-companion being Ella, daughter of James W. and Elizabeth Sheeley. This young lady was an active member of society and a most popular and admired friend and companion ; and in consequence of a sympathy of tastes the union has proved a con- genial and pleasant one. To them has been born one child, a daughter, named Blanche. Mr. Hug- gins takes an interest in outside affairs and is a member of Knoxville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M., *■• '. V •t-A- ?=^i 656 KNOX COUNTY. and is also a member of the Knoxville Lodge, No. 126, A. O. U. W. Mr. Huggins at the city election April 20, 1886, was elected as Alderman to represent his ward in the city of his residence. S. Chalmers, M. D., one of the leading physicians and surgeons of Altona, and at '^ the present time Justice of the Peace and Township Clerk, is the gentleman named in this personal narrative. He has held the offices before mentioned, the first since April, and the latter for the past two years. He is a member in high standing in the I. O. O. F. and the A. O. U. W., in both of which orders he has held the highest official positions. Dr. Chalmers was born in Aberdeenshire, Scot- land, March 26, 1845. His father, John Chalmers, who was likewise born in this shire, was by occupa- tion a boot and shoe manufacturer and salesman and a very successful business man. In conducting tliis branch of trade in his native country, he met with hearty support and patronage from the people with whom he spent a life of usefulness, which closed ni 1870. His wife, the mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Mary Robinson, was also a native of this section of the old country and still survives him. George was the eldest son in a pleasant family circle including seven children, of whom three died in infancy and one at birth. During the years of his boyhood he received substantial educational advan- tages, which he conscientiously improved and by which he obtained a first-class education. He was possessed naturally of intelligence and rare mental abilities, and while yet young, his father being in delicate health, he bent every energy toward ac- quiring that which would eventually win his way in the world. He learned the trade of a tailor, serving his apprenticeship and pursuing his studies at the same time. Concluding that the world was wide, and desiring that large independence so widely talked of as existing in the United States, where every man is his own sovereign, he, in April, 1872, left his native country and came to America. Long before this his mind was made up and his heart set upon becoming a pliysician, but restricted in finances he found it impossible to enter a medical school at that time, so, purchasing a few books of the proper class, he began his studies alone. On reaching this country he first located in Odell, Livingston Co., 111., from which place he removed later to Pontiac. At that place he began his studies under a prominent physician, and afterward attended lectures at Cin- cinnati, Ohio, and before completing his medical ed- ucation built up a neat little practice, both at Gales- burg and Knoxville, where he followed his profession nearly five years. In 1880 he came to Altona, which he has since made his permanent residence, laboring faithfully for the good of the community, gaining success and popularity rapidly. Dr. Chalmers entered the ranks of benedicts, at Knoxville, Sept. 30, 1876, Miss Adeha J. Copley be- ing his chosen bride. She was the daughter of Isaac Copley (after whom the township was named), and was born in Victoria, but reared principally in this township. To this happy home have keen added six children, three of whom the parents have lost by death. Those living are as follows : Bessie A., Paul G. and John G. In addition to his interest in the health of the community. Dr. Chalmers is wide-awake in public matters and questions relative to the good of the State and country. He has held the offices before mentioned and successfully discharged the duties incident to them with credit to himself and satisfac- tion to the community, and he strongly advocates the principles of the Republican party. ««4£i2'S^'"— fr^|;'^^^.| *^^!OOT»- 1^ lijah Cramer. Among those who have at- tained success in following a profession which is recognized as one of the most in- °^^ dependent of all callings is he whose brief historical sketch we here give. Mr. Cramer is, and has been since he came to the county, en- ergetically and industriously engaged in agricultural pursuits on section 32, Orange Township. He is a native of Ohio, having been born in Clermont County June 29, 1833. The father of our subject was a native of Ohio, his parents, William and Sarah A. (Shute) Cramer, having emigrated to this State in 1852, making the journey overland and camping by the wayside to prepare their frugal meals. The father, on his ar- ir KNOX COUNTY. 657 f rival here, made his first purchase of land, consist- ing of 90 acres, in Chestnut Township. The land was somewhat improved when he bought it, and he located \ipon it with his family and continued its improvement and cultivation, and added to the same until he had 400 acres of land, a large portion of which was under a fine state of cultivation at the time of his demise, which occurred in 1875. His wife died on the same farm in 187 c, and they lie buried side by side in the Harper Cemetery in Chest- nut Township. The subject of this brief notice was one of a fam- ily of twelve children and the seventh in order of birth, the record being as follows: Richard S., Adam (deceased), Mary A., Eliza J., Rebecca, Will- iam, Elijah, Benjamin, Malah and Mahala (twins), and Anseline, together with one who died in infancy unnamed. William Cramer, the father of our sub- ject, was a second time married, Mrs. Jacobs becom- ing his wife, but their union was without issue. The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Jennie Haynes, Jan. 20, 1861. She was the daugh- ter of Harmon L. and Cerilda Haynes, and was born in 1839 in Orange Township. Six children have been born to brighten the home of our subject, named as follows. Haney, born March 25, 1862 ; Cerilda, born Sept. 8, 1864, deceased; Emma M., born .^pril 21, 1866; Lewis H., Nov. r 6, 1868; Sarah A., June 25, 187 1 ; and Edwin D., March 26, 1877. The wife and mother died Feb. 20, 1881, and lies buried in the cemetery at Knoxville. For his second wife Mr. Cramer of this notice married Mrs. Nancy Mather, widow of Lewis R. Mather, the ceremony taking place April 19, 1883, and of their union there has been no issue. By hui former marriage she had three children— Francis, born June 8, 1859, deceased; Joseph M., born July 19, 1861; and Lewis R., born Nov. 20, 1862. Elijah Cramer, although not a gentleman seeking office, has held that of Commissioner of Highways for 12 years. He and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church, and his landed interests in the township comprise 212 acres, goof which are located on section 32, where his home residence is, 75 acres on section 30 and 38 acres on section 31. All the land is located in Orange Township, and the 90 on which he resides is under an advanced state of cul- tivation, has a good two-story frame building upon it and a fine barn, 40 x 56 feet in dimensions, cost- ing about St,ooo. Our subject has met with success in his calling, and the same is attributable to no legacy, but to honest labor and fair dealing. He is a stanch Republican in politics. ames McMaster. This gentlenian is one " one of the older members of the McMaster family, who are numbered among the most prominent farmers of Knox County, especially in the district of Walnut Grove and Copley Townships. At present he resides on section 2,^,-, in the former township. Here he owns 160 acres of good land, bearing the improvements of his own liands. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, April 30, 1832, where he spent his early life with his father's family until emigrating to the United Slates in 1852. Since this date he has passed his time in farming near Walnut Grove and Copley Townships. For many years he was partner with his brother in stock- growing and agricultural pursuits. The joint bus- iness continued up to 1878, since which time he has farmed entirely on his own account. That this gen- tleman has been thoroughly successful in life is readily seen from his spacious home and the number of good friends wlio recognize his ability and [wsition. Though a Republican, he has a thorough abhorrence of office -seeking politicians. In him the cause of Republicanism has always found a stanch supporter. Mr. James McMaster still leads a bachelor's life. .L rancis G. r; Sanburn. Among the promi- _ „ nent citizens of Knox County and business ij^" '" "^^" °^ Knoxville whose interests have r^ been identified with the growth and develop- ■^k^ ment of the latter place, from childhood to the i present time, is the subject of this biographical sketch. He was born in Knoxville Oct. 4, 1843, for 43 years has been a resident of that place, and is at present one of its most substantial and respected citizens, holding the position of President of the Fanners' National Bank. The father of Mr. Sanburn, John Gold Sanburn, was one of the early settlers of Knox County, and was born in Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N. Y., March i3> I797- His father, Nathaniel Sanburn, was a V ± 658 KNOX COUNTY. native of Connecticut, and born Feb. 6, 1757 ; and his father, Jedediah Sanburn, was a resident of Massachusetts. Nathaniel Sanborn, paternal grandfather of our subject, was a farmer and singing-master by voca- tion ; that is, he devoted his time to agricultural pursuits, except during the winter months, when he was engaged in teaching music in what was then known as the winter-evening singing-school. His wife was formerly a Miss Hannah Gold, a native of Connecticut, and born Feb. 17, 1763. She was a woman of great energy and enterprise. In 1790, Nathaniel Sanburn emigrated with his family to what was then called the " Far West," and located on the present site of the busy city of Canandaigua, where he purchased a tract of timbered land, which is at the present time included within the corporate limits of that city, and fronts on Main street. A few years after their location there Mrs. Sanburn returned to her native home, making the entire journey alone ' through the trackless wilderness on horseback. Their house at Canandaigua was open to the travel- ing public and became a favorite stopping place. 'He died at that place June 25, 18 14, aged 57 years. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, an old pioneer of that county, and a gentleman loved and I respected by all who knew him. His wife survived him many years, her death occurring Nov. 6, 1856, at the venerable age of 94 years. From the history of the Holland Land Company's Purchase, published by O. Turner in i8sr, we quote: "Mrs. Hannah Sanburn is the oldest surviving resident of the vil- lage (Canandaigua) and with few exceptions the oldest upon Phelps & Gorham's purchase. She is now in her 88th year, and exhibits but few of the infirmities of that advanced age, with faculties, especially that of memory of early events, but slightly impaired. The author found her in high spirits, even gay and humorous, enjoying the hearty laugh of middle age when her memory called up some mirthful reminis- cence. Upon her table were some of the latest publications, and she alluded in conversation to Headley's fine descriptions in his ' Sacred Mountains,' as if she had enjoyed them with all the zest of her younger days. She had just finished a letter in a fair hand, showing but little of the tremor of age, which was to be addressed to a great-granddaughter. To Mrs. Sanburn I am greatly indebted for reminis- cences of pioneer events at Canandaigua. Nathaniel Sanburn, husband of Hannah Sanburn, died in 1814. There is scarcely a pioneer settler in the Genesee country that did not know the early landlord and landlady. Mrs. S. was the daughter of James Gold, of Lyme, Conn., and the aunt of James Gold, of Albany. Her sons, John, William and Nathaniel, live in Illinois. Her third daughter was the first white child born in Canandaigua, is now 60 years of age, and the wife of Dr. Jacobs, of that city. Another daughter is the wife of Henry Fellows of Penfield, and another is the wife of Erastus Granger, of Buf- falo, while a fourth is a maiden daughter residing with her mother. Early in the spring of 1790, Mr. Sanburn came with his wife and two young children to Schenectady, where he joined Judah Colt, and the two chartered a boat, with which they came to the head of navigation of the Canandaigua outlet. Mrs. S gives us a graphic account of this journey. The last house the party slept in after leaving Schenec- tady, until they arrived at the cabin on the Canan- daigua outlet, was the then one log house in the now thriving and busy city of Utica. It was then crowded with boatmen from Niagara. Mrs. Sanburn spread her bed upon the floor for herself, husband and chil- '1 dren, and the boatmen begged tlie privilege of laying their weary heads upon its borders; after that they camped wherever night overtook them; on the Oswego River they took possession of a deserted camp, and just as they had prepared their frugal meal, two stout Indians came and claimed the camp and threatened to eject them. The conflicting claim was amicably adjusted, but Mrs. S. says it was the first of the Indian race she had ever seen, and she could not help but become a little frightened. Mr. Sanburn moved into the log hut that he had erected in the Robinson neighborhood, where, however, they staid but a short time, Mrs. S. choosing to go where she could have more than one neighbor within eight miles, and they consequently removed to the little village of Canandaigua. Mrs. S. says that in May, 1790, there were residing at that place Joseph Smith, living on the bank of the lake; Daniel Brainard, in a little log house near the present cemetery ; Capt. Martin Dudley, in the house built by Mr. Walker, and James D. Fish, in a log house down near the lake. Gen. Chapin, who had been there the fall before, had erected a small frame house for his fam- ily, but it was unoccupied, and Mr. Sanburn moved into it until he was enabled to erect a small frame ^ i* KNOX COUNTY. 659 house on the Atwater comer, and after moving into it engaged as " mine host, " which, witli exception of that which had been kept by Joseph Smith, was the first tavern west of Seneca Lake, and was the only one for four years. Mrs. Sanburn enumerated among her early i^uests many who became prominent in the country's history, such as Oliver Phelps, Charles Williamson, Aaron Burr, Thomas Morris, Rev. M. Kirkland, Augustus and Peter B. Porter, James and William Wadsworth, early judges of the Supreme Court of this State, Bishop Chase and many other eminent men, but few of whom are living at this writing. Mrs. Sanburn well remembers the Picker- ing treaty of 1794, and gives a graphic description of scenes and incidents of this treaty, which space will not permit me to copy. The first Court of Com- mon Pleas and General Sessions was held at the house of Nathaniel Sanburn in Canandaigua in 1794; there was a grand jury and one indictment found. The first permanent church organization was that of St. Matthew's Church, organized Feb. 4, 1799, at the house of Mr. and Mrs. Sanburn, at Canandaigua." The father of the subject of this notice was the sixth child in order of birth of his parents' family. He was raised on the farm and grew to manhood in his native county, receiving an academical education at Canandaigua Academy. In 1817 he went to Ohio, where he taught school one year. In 1818, he started West on a i)rospecting tour in company with some other young men. They made their way to the Ohio River, where they secured a small boat and drifted down the waters of that river to a little above the mouth of the Wabash River. During this trip they visited Illinois, and later he returned to New York, having made the greater portion of the return journey on foot. After his return home he engaged in clerking at Black Rock, which he con- tinued until 1825. That year he again started West and joined an elder brother, who was in the land business at Vandalia, 111., and assisted his brother, and dealt in land to some considerable extent until 1830. He then came to this county and located at Henderson Grove, where he put in a stock of goods and was the first to engage in mercantile pursuits at that place. He continued to do business there until the county seat was located at Knoxville, in the spring of 1832, when he removed his stock of goods to that city. Mr. Sanburn had been instrumental in securing the organization of the county, being secre- tary of the meeting which was called to elect a cc>mmittee to present a petition to the Judge of Ful- ton County for the organization, and when the county was organized he became the first Circuit Clerk. When the land of this county was placed in market by the Government, Mr. Sanburn entered a tract, which he superintended and had cultivated and improved, although he continued to reside in the city. After continuing in active mercantile business for a few years he retired from the same, and at the time of his death, April 14, 1865, he was the owner of quite a tract of land, a portion of which has since been made a part of the present city of Knoxville. He also owned at the date of his demise a well- improved farm adjoining the city. He was married Nov. 3, 1 83 1, to Alethea Owen. She was Imrn near Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y., and was the daughter of Dr. Noah and Elizabeth (Gilmore) Ov\en. Her father having died, she, in company with her mother and brother, came to this county in 1829 and settled near the present site of Gilson. There were seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn — Elizabeth, wife of James Fitch, a resident of Cleveland, Ohio; Mary L., wife of E. L. Phillips, of Galesburg; John Henry, died Dec. i, 1883, at Abingdon; Charles W., a resident of Berea, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio ; Francis G., subject of this notice ; Alethea, a teacher, and Walter G., a resident of Chicago. The father had filled various official {.ositions, among which were Circuit Clerk, Clerk of the County Commissioners' Court, Postmaster and also Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue. He was a member of the Epis- copal Church and was Senior Warden of St. John's Church, Knoxville, for many years. Francis G. Sanburn was educated in the city schools of Knoxville and supplemented the same by a two years' course at Knox College. Upon his father's death he served his unexpired term as City Clerk, and was elected to the ix)sition the following election. In 1866 he resigned the position to which he had been elected, to engage in teaching in Sparta Township. He was ap|)ointed Assistant Internal Revenue Assessor, which office he filled with credit. In 1868 he went to Kansas, and spent one season as a clerk in a dry goods store at Topeka. Returning to this State, we find him, in 1869, as Assistant Post- master at VVatseka, where he remained till the fall of 187 1, when he resigned and returned home. In the +-^ V -s5- ^^ 660 KNOX COUNTY. spring and winter of 1872 he was industriously occu- pied at Topeka, Kan., and in the following fall, 1873, he again returned to this county and was employed by Phillips Bros., commission dealers and loan agents, with whom he remained until the fall of 1875. November i of that year he accepted the position of clerk in the First National Bank of Knoxville, and in the following December was elected Cashier. He continued to act in that capacity until the charter of the Bank expired. In January, 1885, the Farmers' National Bank of Knoxville was organized, and Mr. Sanburn was elected its President. He is a gentleman of far more than ordinary bus- iness ability, and one who takes great interest in the development of his city and county. His past has been an honorable one, and his accumulation of this world's goods is attributable to his own indomitable energy and perseverance. He is a liberal contribu- tor to all measures calculated to advance the interest of the community in which he resides, and likewise to charity. Mr. Sanburn was married Aug. i, 1878, to Miss Mary H. McCracken. She was born in Franklin County, near Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 9, 1852. She died Feb. 7, 1881, leaving one child — Mary L., born Feb. 6, i88r. Mr. Sanburn cast his first vote for " Abraham Lincoln, and has ever since voted with that party which he so ably represented. Religiously, he is a member of the Presbyterian Church. r*^- Prominent among the more ^,_j^ influential and able business men engaged •^yy' in actual service in Knox County may be 2' found William Jones, manufacturer of tile and brick, who conducts his flourishing bus- iness within the limits of the city of Knoxville, and who receives a flattering patronage from the res- idents of that section of the country. Mr. Jones was born in Crawford County, Pa., on the 31st of January, 1834. His father, John M. Jones, of the same county, was born of Welsh ances- try, and was reared on a farm in his native county. Early in life he married Nancy A. StMnbrook, a na- tive of Crawford County, who was of German descent. He was by trade a shoemaker and at that he worked until 1847, when he bought a farm and worked it until 1862. At that time he sold out and came to Illinois, locating in Chestnut Township, where he died Nov. i, 1865. His wife survived him, living until April 21, 1881, when she died at Knox- ville. The fruit of this union was 10 children — David, of whom the last reports were received in r862, at which time he was crossing the plains, supposed to have been killed by the Indians; William, our sub- ject ; Sarah E., wife of G. W. Fay, who has a home near Otis, Mass.; Easack, living in Warren County, Pa., who served three years in the 83d 111. Vol. Inf ; Eleanor, now deceased; Thomas W.,who served four years in the loth Pa. Vol. Inf., was a prisoner at Anderson and Libby prisons r8 months, and died Oct. 10, 1867, and was buried in Marmaton, Kan. ; Daniel, who lives in Fulton County, 111., and served four years in the 83d Pa. Reg., participating in 29 hard-fought battles and was twice wounded John, who died in 1863, at the age of 17 years; Ru-' fus, who died in 1864, in Otis, Mass.; and Mary, who married and removed to Texas. Our subject was the second child in order of birth and learned the shoemaker's trade, working at with his father and making his home with him in Pennsylvania until 1855, when he started for Minne- sota, intending to join a brother. On his way he stopped to visit an uncle in Knox County, and was so much pleased with Illinois, as seen in that sec- tion, that he opened a shop in Maquon, and worked at his trade for two and a half years. In the summer of 1857, he visited the then Territories of Nebraska and Kansas; then returning to Maquon, again resumed his former work, continuing till 1859. In the spring of that year he started with a number of others for Pike's Peak, but, as they continually met persons re- turning with bad reports, they turned back after reaching Ft. Kearney. Our subject staked a claim in Johnson County, Neb., and there remained from May until the following December, and in the meantime entered it at the Government Land-Office. In De- cember he returned to Knox County and bought a team, with which he engaged in breaking prairie and in ditching, continuing at this until August, i86z. Mr. Jones enlisted in the 83d III. Vol. Inf., in the year last named, joined the regiment at Monmouth, and went South to unite with the Army of the Cum- berland. He served in his regiment as Sergeant until 1863, when, in September, he was ordered to Nash- t 44- X* KNOX COUNTY. 66i ville, and examined by the Military Board and com- missioned as Second Lieutenant in Co. D, i6tli Reg. U. S. C. I., on the r5th of October, 1863. He was promoted to a First Lieutenancy in July, 1865, and served with his regiment until he obtained an honor- able discharge at Nashville, Tenn., May i, 1S66. On his return to Chestnut Township he engaged in farming on the land that he had bought previous to enlisting, and at this he continued successfully until 1876, when he came to Knoxville, and established his brick and tile works. He at first began on a small scale, but his trade increased from year to year until he now does a good business, estimating his annual in- come from §6,000 to 3S,ooo. He still owns his farm in Chestnut Township, of 270 acres, which is managed by tenants. He united in marriage Oct, 20, 1868, with Hattie E. Mendenhall. She was born in Fulton County, 111., July 15, 1840, and was the daughter of William VV. and Margaret Mendenhall. Her father was a na- - live of North Carolina and her mother of Ohio. They are the parents of two children — Harley J., bom Sept. I 24, 187 I ; and Homer C, born Feb. 21, 1873. « Mr. and Mrs. Jones are desirable members of the ' society to which they belong, Mrs. J. being a mem- ber of the Baptist Church, in Galesburg, and living k out the doctrines of its faith in a consistent Christian exjjerience. Two children have been born to them — Arthur, the first-born, Dec. 25, 1869, died in Sep- tember, r87o; and Florence, the only daughter, born Aug. 27, 1877, and died Dec. 2r, 1877. In politics Mr Jones is a Republican, his first pres- idential vote having been cast for Gen. Fremont. euben Castle. This gentleman's farm is located on section 12, in Cedar Township. He was born in West Virginia, Sept. ig, iv^ 1813, but came to Illinois with his father in 1833, and took up his position on the present section, where he made a claim, but settled here in 1834, at which time the property came into market. His parents were Henry and Sarah (Curry) Casile. They were both natives of West Virginia ; his father was born in 1768, and died in 1840, in the State of Illinois, at the advanced age of 72 years. His mother's bitth occurred in 1780, and her death in the State of Virginia in i83t. By this desirable marriage there were eight children — George, Oliver, Catharine, Susanna, May, Mary, Henry, Reuben and John. Reuben, the seventh and the second young- est child, the only survivor of the family, married Miss Mary A. Long, March 18, 1841. She was born Oct. 18, 1814, in Allegheny County, near Pittsburg, Pa. She came to Ohio with her parents, where she established herself with them at Muskingum, and re- mained up to her 20th year; with them she removed into Illinois about this date, where they landed in November, 1835. After the location of her parents in Kno.\ville, they remained here five years and then moved into Cedar Township, where they concluded the remainder of their days on the farm they then possessed. Their names were George and Catharine (DuflTcy) Long. He was born in 1780, and died in 1863. She was born in 1790, and died in rSjO. Their marriage took place in 1813, and by the union nine children were the result — Mary A., Sarah, George M., Eliza J., William, Margaret, Charles, Martha and Harriet. To grace their household, Mr. and Mrs. Reuben Castle have four interesting children — George H.,born Aug. 30, 1843 ; Rufus, born April 12, 1842 ; Sarah C, May 14, 1845, and Curtis H., born Oct. 4, 1848. All these children are now happily married. Two of them live in Iowa, and one son, a physician, is at Point Arena, on the Pacific coast, whither he pro- ceeded Nov. I, r882. Mr. Castle's farm is land of the first quality, and consists of 210 acres. He took it in the wild state, and has now brought it to a high degree of cultiva- tion. Here he erected a fine dwelling-house in 1855. He has successively held the office of School Director and Commissioner of Highways. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Kno.xville, in which church he has held the office of Steward, reflecting thereby much credit upon him- self and benefit upon the congregation. Mr. Castle is a Republican in politics and a stanch adherent of the party. George and Rufus, his oldest sons, enlisted in the 59lh and 83d Regs. 111. Vol. Inf. In this jX)sition George remained five years, and was present at the battles of Stone River, Pea Ridge. Perryville and Franklin. He went forward to attend with Gen. Thomas, and on his way was wounded in the left jaw. Owing to this casualty he draws a regular ^^ -H- 662 — ,x ^=r KNOX COUNTY. -^ H* pension. These two sons, like their father, are both good Republicans. Riifus married Alice V. Boylan, March 29, 1869. They have three children— Carroll C, aged 14 ; Reuben Raymond, aged 11, and Faith A., aged 6 years. George H. married Gertrude Swigert, and their union has been blest with six chil- dren—Mary C, Grace, George M., Curtis H., Nellie M. and Ruth. George H. is an attorney at law, re- siding at Shenandoah, Iowa. Sarah C. is the wife of John H. Griffith. Their marriage was solemnized in February, 1866, and they have become the parents of five children, whose names are Blanche E., Gay- lord C, Mary A., Edna E. and John L. They re- side in Page County, and he is a fanner by occupa- tion. Cuitis H., who is a physician, residing in Cal- ifornia, was married to Miss Alma Taber, Oct. 9. 1879. They are the parents of two children— Grace and Curtis H. George is a graduate of Knox Col- lege, in the class of 1872, and Curtis at the North- western University at Evanston, 111. He also won laurels for himself at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa. Rufus enlisted in Co. C of the 83d 111. Vol. Inf., and served until the ^ close of the war. George enlisted in Co. A of the 59th 111. Vol. Inf., in i86r, and veteranized and served until the close of the war, when he was dis- charged with honors in February, 1866. saac N. West, deceased, formerly a pros- perous and progressive farmer and identi- T fied with the growth of Knox County, was born in C'.inton County, Ohio, Oct. 17, 1835, and was the third son of John and Elizabeth (George) West. (See sketch of W. G. West.) He was but ten years of age when he removed to Knox County with his parents. He had spent some time previous on the farm and in the pioneer schools, and continued to assist his father, making his home under the parental roof, up to the date of his mar- riage. At this time he started for himself, buying a tract of land on section 2, in Salem Township. The land had been broken and fenced, but there were no buildings upon it at the time. He at once set to work and erected a frame house, and immediately began further improvements. He was industrious, thrifty and prudent, and these characteristics, united with good judgment, assisted him toward success. His death occurred Dec. 22, 1883, at which time he was the owner of 400 acres of land, all improved and considered very valuable. Besides this he had erected a brick house and a large frame barn, and set out shade trees and adorned his yards with all the comforts of a modern home. Mr. West was twice married, his first wife being Charlotte Hull, and his second Eliza A. Mason, of Ohio. The latter was born in Stark County, Ohio, and is the daughter of Jeremiah and Eliza (Sayler) Mason, and her marriage with Mr. West took place April 21, 1864. Nine children were born of this union — Josephine, Charles, Owen, Nora, Marion, Eddie C, Edith and three who died in infancy. There was but one child by the first marriage, named Lottie, who is the wife of Frank Chamber- lain, a resident of Salem Township; they have two children. S;.;ltephen Wyman, one of the principal citi- zens and valued men of Knox County, 1^'^ whose home is situated on section 20, Per- ^ sifer Township, and who is identified some- what with its growth, as he became an inmate in 1853, came to this county from Vinton County, Ohio, when he was in his 19th year, and is the subject of this biography. He lived at home with his parents until he was 21 years old, when he purchased the farm whereon he has since resided. He is now the owner of 372 acres of land, and has built himself a good set of buildings, commodious and convenient, desirable in the extreme. He was married first in Jefferson County, Ind., to Catherine Miner, in 1856. She has borne him eight children, as follows: Richard V., Francis M., Electa A., Thomas J., Annis, George A., Sanford and Viola. Mrs. Wyman died June 8, 1868, in Persifer Town- ship ; Viola is also deceased. Mr. Wyman was remar- ried in Knoxville, to EmmaF. Rambo, .-^pril i, 1869. She is the daughter of George and Mary (Flott) Rambo. The father was of French and the mother of German origin. Mrs W. was the youngest of a family of 12 children. The father died in 1883, and the mother in 1864. Two of the brothers of Mrs. Wyman were in the War of the Rebellion. Their names were George and John. George was killed at the battle of Lookout Mountain ; John served during T^ 4: KNOX COUNTY. 663 the war and was honorably discharged. Mr. Rambo was one of Ihe first to cross the plains in the year 1849, in search of gold. By this marriage Mr. and Mrs. Wyman have five children, to wit: Jasper N., Walter S., Ira, Hattie L. and Lewis S. Richard re- sides in Persifer Township; Electa is the wife of Cornelius Ward, and her home is in Knox County; Thomas is in Persifer Township ; Annis is the wife of Chester Morey, and has a home in Washington Territory, and Sanford is in Iowa. Two of the brothers of Mr. Wyman, Levi and Arthur, were in the Civil War. Levi was in a Mis- souri regiment ; Arthur enlisted in a Knoxville com- pany. Both the brothers, after passing through many battles, died from sickness contracted from hardships endured in the service. Arthur was taken prisoner, was paroled and went into the service the second time. Mr. W. is quite prominent in local affairs, has been School Director for some time, and is a Republican politically. His parents were Arthur and Anna (Sollz) Wyman. They came to Knox County in 1853, and settled in Persifer Township, where they • I died — the father May 18, 1875, and the mother in January, 1884. Mr. Wyman is a useful man in the community, and is an example of native worth, strength of character and genuine ability. ames S. Latimer. The subject of this \^ sketch is a prominent farmer, Short-horn breeder and stock shipper of this coun- ty, having his location in Cedar Township, on section 21. He was born in the township in which he now lives, Nov. 27, 1836, and is the son of Alexander and Eunice (Guthrie) Latimer (see sketch and portrait of Alexander Latimer). He was reared upon the farm and received his education in the district schools of his neighborhood. His oppor- tunities were limited to three months' attendance in the winter season. This, however, was further sup- plemented by one year's attendance at the Academy at Cherr)' Grove. He remained at home until 1854, when he married and then rented land for one year, after which he determined to go to the Northwest. He accordingly loaded up his household effects in a wagon, and with an ox team started for Faribault County, Minn., where he preempted i6o acres of land, built a cabin and remained for ten years. When he first settled there his nearest neighbors were five miles away. He was in the midst of the Indians, who afterward became hostile and committed depre- dations of the most atrocious kind. The Spirit Lake and New Ulm massacres will long be remembered by the settlers of the Northwest. During the Indian troubles Mr. Latimer volunteered and assisted in subduing the hostiles. In 1867 Mr. Latimer returned to Knox County, and purchased the farm where he now resides. He is the owner of 250 acres where he lives, and coo in Mercer County, III. About ten years ago he em- barked in the breeding of Short-horn cattle, and in this department is recognized as being among the leading breeders in the State. Since engaging in the business he has shipped over 8,000 head to the Southwestern and Northwestern States and Terri- tories. His cattle are more extensively known than those of any other breeder in the West. He also has been an extensive shipper of fat stock to Chicago and other markets. In 1854, Mr. Latimer was united in marriage to \ Miss Sarah A. Beard, the ceremony being performed by Rev. J. P. Roach. Mrs. Latimer was born in Sum- ner County, Tenn., June 17, r834, and is the daugh- ter of Joseph and Larena (Neal) Beard, natives of Tennessee. Mr. Beard was born Nov. 16, 1802, and died Sept. 5, 1864; his wife, the mother of Mrs. Latimer, was born Nov. ry, 1804. Her marriage took place Nov. 17, 1825. She died Oct. 2, 1838, leaving seven children, viz. : William, David, James W., Samuel H., Sarah A, John S. and E. J. Beard. After the death of his wife Mr. Beard contracted a second marriage with Miss Hannah Sloan, the date of which was Feb. 22, 1842. By the latter union there were three children, viz. : Nancy L., Margaret and Hezekiah G. By the union of James S. and Sarah A. Latimer, there are six children — Ida E., born Sept. 2, 1855, and the wife of W. B. Dunlap, an extensive farmer of Chestnut Township; EUura, born April 28, 1857, died Feb. 18, 1862 ; Walter, born April 24, 1859, married Miss Jessie Brook and resides at Garnett, Kan.; William A., born July 23, 1861, married Miss Annie Dunlap; he is at present Cashier in the First National Bank of .Abingdon ; Orion, born " Nov. 23, 1863, and Washington D., born Feb. 22, 1866, are yet under the parental roof. ¥ \X^ 664 KNOX COUNTY. Mrs. Latimer is a member of the Congregational Church and takes an active part in every good work emanating from or pertaining to that organiza- tion. Politically Mr. Latimer is a Republican. His first presidential vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln, in i860, and from that time. to the present he has not swerved from the principles or slackened in sup- port of that organization. He has held various offices of trust and responsibility, and has proved himself thoroughly competent and trustworthy in all of them. He was for a number of years Township Treasurer, and for the past ten years has represented Cedar Township in the Board of Supervisors. In these various offices lie has shown good judgment and exercised a careful watchfulness over the inter- ests of the people whom he represented. These fre- quent elections speak louder for his character as a man of honor and probiiy and his worth as a citizen than any words of ours. While a resident of Fari- bault County, Minn., he was appointed by Gov. Sib- ley one of the commissioners to district and lay out the county in townships. He held the position of enrolling officer through the war for the north half of Faribault County, Minn., and was also Assessor at different times. Mr. Latimer is a genuine product of the great West, descended from a race of pioneers — men who had the advance of civilization at heart above all else. He early developed that independent spirit so characteristic of those people. Starting in life with nothing but strong arms, good health and the determination to succeed, Mr. Latimer and his excellent wife made their way unaided, and have succeeded in carving out for themselves a comfort- able competency, and at the same time making and maintaining for themselves a name for integrity, probity and a due regard for the rights of all — a priceless heritage to leave to his posterity. Few men in the country are so widely and favor- ably known as James S. Latimer, of Cedar Township. II • D OOO' gradu Ikharles P. Sansbury, a well-to-do farmer, residing on section 8, Victoria Township, was born in the village of Cranbury, N. J., Nov. 10, 1822. He is the son of Horatio and Margaret (Daniels) Sansbury, natives of New York City. The father of our subject was a ate of Princeton College, New Jersey, and was a physician by profession. His father, grandfather of our subject, was a native of the Isle of Man. He set- tled at Princeton, N. J., and at one time was an ex- tensive land-owner at that place, keeping on his plan- tation 100 slaves. Horatio Sansbury moved to Phil- adelphia and practiced his profession in connection with Dr. McClellan, who was then a famous physi- cian and one of the Professors of Surgery in Jefferson Medical College, and father of Gen. Geo. B. McClel- lan, and also at Princeton, N. J., at which latter place his demise took place. The parental family consisted of five children, only two of whom are liv- ing — Mary E., now Mrs. Scuder, who lives in New Jersey, and Charles P , our subject. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this notice remained under the parental roof until his father's death. He then resided with his grand- mother, Mary Daniels, on a farm, remaining there one year, when he went to Philadelphia, and was en- gaged in copying letters in the office of a foundry, at the same time doing the banking business of Parks & Tierce, who were uncles on his mother's side, and with whom he remained one year. At the expiration of this time he went on board a ship as a sailor, and"< followed the same for seven years. At one time he was Second Mate of an East Indiaman out of Liver- pool. In 1844 he came to New York on the Colum-. bus, a 74- gun vessel, and was paid off and came to this State. He settled in Stark County, where he re- mained for two years, and then he purchased 320 acres, on section 9, Victoria Township. His land was all unbroken prairie, but lie cultivated and fenced 100 acres the same year of his purchase, and erected there a small, but commodious house. Mr. Sansbury gave $1,000 for the 320-acre tract, and was given five years to pay for it at six per cent interest. Our subject has always resided upon his farm, with the e.xception of seven years spent at Galva. He is tlie owner of 160 acres of fine land in Chase County, Kan. Mr. Sansbury has always been engaged in grain-raising, and has devoted a goodly portion of his time to the breeding of fine stock, being the first to introduce the Chester White hog into Knox County, and sold a litter of pigs for $150. Miss Catherine Lyons was tlie maiden name of Mrs. Sansbury. The date of her birth was May 3, 1 83 1, and that of her marriage to our subject July 28, 1847. She is the daugliter of David and Jane (Sornborger) Lyons, natives of New York. Her par- l JCATOX COUNTY. 665 "t ents came to the Prairie State in 1843, and located in Stark County, removing soon afterward to Victoria village, Knox County. The father died in 1846, and the mother in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Lyons were the happy parents of eiglu children, five of whom are living: Catherine, now Mrs. Sansbury ; Alniina, who became Mrs. Wilber; David, Edwaid and Charles. The family of our subject and wife consisted of six members, two of whom are living at this writing: Charles married Jennie Milroy, and they have a daughter — Mabel ; Ellen (Sansbury) Green ; Hora- tio Sansbury, a son, was in the emi)loy of the Ore- gon Railway & Steamship Navigation Company, and was drowned when about 28 years of age. Mr. Sans- bury is a Greenbacker and has held the office of Su- pervisor and Road Commissioner. He is considered one of Knox County's substantial men. jflKToseph. E. Trovillo. Prominent among the |^~ worthy citizens of Knox County and her enterprising and successful farmers may be found the subject of this recital, whose per- sonal history is herein given. His farm is sit- uated on section 3, Indian Point Township. In addition to his marked success as a tiller of the soil, which under his able management is bountifully productive, he has given his attention to the breed- ing of fine cattle and swine. Among the former may be named PoUed-Angus and Short-horn. His blooded swine are grown for sliipping. Mr. Trovillo first saw the light of day in Warren County, Ohio, Feb. 10, 1834. He moved to the State of Illinois in Match, 1869, and located four and a half miles southeast of Abingdon, on section 22, and lived there ten years, when he bought the adjoining farm. He lived in Abingdon two years and then moved on the place where he now lives. He is the son of Thomas and Maria (Vandervoort) Trovillo. The father was born in Pennsylvana, near the city of Pittsburg, Aug. 19, 1S07, and his wife in Ohio, Aug. 16, 1807. He departed this life in 1884, in Clinton County, Ohio, on the i6th of February, and she died April 3, 1880, in the same State. Mr. Trovillo moved to Ohio in 181 1, and the father of Mrs. Trovillo about 1806. To Mr. and Mrs. Trovillo have been bom nine children, as follows: Paul J., who mar- ried Miss Hannah Fisher, died in January, 1864, at Camp Denison, Ohio; Joseph E., our subject, who married Rebecca E. Vanhorn, Sept 30, 1855, Rev. Clarkson Butterworth officiating; Martha E., the wife of J. Parkhill, whose home is Warren County, Ohio; James M., wlio wedded Miss Emily Johnson ; Sarah M., wife of Samuel Hinman; William V., whose wife was Mary J. Cox, and who died shortly after their marriage; subsequently he married a Mrs. Babbitt ; Ephraim K., who took to wife Mary E. Carnehan ; Samuel H., husband of Miss Ella Van- dervoort ; and Mary E., who married Mr. Emniep- son Hickson. Our subject, as stated, united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Vanhorn, who was born March 24, 1837, in Ohio. She is the daughter of Matthew and Nancy (Hindman) Vanhorn, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, Ja;i. 13, 1793, and died Feb. 10, 1868, in the St;ite of Ohio. His wife was born in 1799, and died at the age of 76, in 1875, in Ohio. Mrs. Trovillo's parents numbered in their family circle nine children, viz. : Joseph, who married Miss Maria Cox ; Martha Jane, who married Mr. Ezra Morrison, and whose home was in Colorado; she de- •< parted this life some years hence, in the State of Kansas, the date of her death being in 1875; Mar- garet, the wife of Mr. J. Howe, is now deceased, as well as her husband ; William married Miss Jane Schenck, and died in 1877: James was the husband of Margaret E. Minor, and their home is in Ohio; Andrew and Mary E. both died in infancy ; Clara H. is the wife of Mr. C. Spence, and their home is in Ohio; and Rebecca E. united in matrimony with Joseph E. Trovillo. as previously stated. Mr. and Mrs. Trovillo have two children, a son and a daughter. Frank was born Aug. i, 1856, united in marriage with Miss Rachel Lacey A. Pence, and is now living in Knox County; they have one son, named Leroy ; Anna, born Sept. 21, i86o, is the wife of Mr. Arthur C. Harvey, and her home is also in Knox County Mr. Trovillo has 159 acres of land in tliis town- ship, in a fine state of cultivation and productive. His timber land lies in Fulton County. Among his fine blooded stock he possesses a male of the Polled- Angus breed. Mr. Trovillo is an active, industrious man, and his energetic enterprise has won him pros- perity and many friends. He is a Republican in pol- itics, stanch and true, and both himself and wife ur? the first to forward any enterprise for the good of the community. They are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Abingdon. He is an exemplary citizen, public-spirited and ready to assist any enterprise that has for its object the ulti- mate prosperity of the community. Sf ilbert G. Weeks. Conspicuous among the »M influential citizens of Knoxville and prom- lijp ^ inent as a successful busiaess man, we ^'-^'^ have the gentleman spoken of in this historical sketch. He is one of the partners of the firm of G. G. Weeks & Son, grain-dealers, and is known to be a prompt, energetic and enterprising trader. Mr. Weeks was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., March 23, 1809. His father, George Weeks, hailed from the same county, and was born in 1779. His father, the grandfather of our subject, first saw the light of day on Long Island, N. Y., and was at the time of the Revolutionary struggle a resident of Or- 'ange County, N. Y. In this war he served, holding the rank of captain in the army, and figured in the siege of Fort Montgomery. About this date he set- • tied in Dutchess County, purchasing a tract of land, fixing its boundaries and beginning the cultivation and improvement of what was afterward a most de- sirable farm, and upon which he passed the remainder of his days. The father of Mr. Weeks of this his- tory, grew up under the care of his parents on the home place, continuing with them until he reached his majority. In his native county he met and sub- sequently married Jemima Van Amburg, who came from Holland ancestry, and whose forefathers were prominent among the early settlers on the Hudson River. The newly married pair settled on the old homestead, where they remained until 1828, then, disposing of the property, removed to Orange Coun- ty, where they purchased a farm and there spent the remainder of their days. At this place the hus- band died, about 1835, and his wife, surviving some time, also departed this life about 1845. To them had been given ten children, of whom our subject, Gilbert G. Weeks, was the fifth in order of birth. In his native township Mr. Weeks grew to man- hood, receiving a part of his early education in the subscription school, and later entering Fishkill Acad- emy, where he received as good advantages as were afforded in that day. At the age of 19 years, he went to Orange County with his parents, with whom he lived, and worked until 1833, and in that year took to himself a wife in the person of Cornelia Maria Miller. Their nuptials were celebrated December 24, and the bride was born in Orange County, N. Y., in August, 1808. She was the daughter of George and Julia (Young) Miller, both of whom came from Orange County. At the 'time of his marriage Mr. Weeks purchased a farm adjoining the old home- stead, which he occupied and worked until 1843, an interval of ten years. At this date he sold out, re- moving to Long Island, where he took charge of the estate of Gardner G. Howland, where he continued for five years, at the end of which time the proprietor died and the estate was sold for the benefit of the heirs. Leaving the situation he had so faithfully and so satisfactorily filled, Mr. Weeks next went to Flush- ing, L. I., where he engaged in the hardware business, and as a manufacturer of tin, sheet-iron and copper ware. At the end of three years he sold this bus- iness and turned his face toward the West, then known as the Eden of laboring men. Purchasing a farm in Knox Township, on section 35, he engaged in the calling of an agriculturist, which he followed for a period of nine years and which he left to come to Knoxville. Entering his present branch of com- merce, the grain and lumber trade, he remained therein ten years, when he sold the lumber depart- ment and has since remained a grain buyer and shipper. His son, Charles M., is associated with him as his business partner, and the firm, which has been very successful, has enlarged the business by the addition of two large warehouses and two elevators, the stor- age capacity of which is 40,000 bushels. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Weeks has been blest by the advent of four children, named Sarah, wife of Albert L. Burdett, who lives in Butler County, Kan. ; Cornelia, who wedded J. H. Ewing, and is also a res- ident of Butlei County ; Charles M., whose home, as previously stated, is Knoxville, and George M., of Lincoln County, Kan. Mr. and Mrs. Weeks are both members of the Presbyterian Church, to which religious denomina- tion they attached themselves in 1832. Following their entrance into this body, he was a short time after elected Elder, in which capacity he has served — :p KNOX COUNTY. 667 a number of years. There was no Presbyterian Church at Flushing, and while a resident of that place he engaged in the work of organizing a Con- gregational Church, where he acted as Deacon. Both he and his wife are courteous, affable people, and are considered agreeable additions to the society of which they are members. ^ arvey Ouderkirk. There are many suc- cessful and well-to-do farmers in Knox *^** County, and Maquon Township certainly has its quota. Prominent among those who have obtained success in life through their own I energy and perseverance is Ihe subject of this narrative, residing on section 6, Maquon Township, where he is pursuing his chosen vocation, agricult- ure. His parents were Jacob and Nancy (Wafle) Ouderkirk, who were natives of New York, in which State they were married, and subsequently moved to Ohio. In the year 1835 they came to Knox County and located in what is now known as the thrivmg and picturesque little village of Maquon. They aft- erward removed just across the line into Haw Creek Township, in which place they lived until the death of the father, which event took place May 29, 1882. The mother is still living and resides in Maquon Township. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Ouderkirk became the happy parents of nine children, seven girls and two boys, Harvey being the third child in order of birth. Oar subject first saw the light of day at Maquon, Dec 15, 1838. He remained under the parental rooftree until he had attained the age of 24 years, at which time he rented a farm in Maquon Township and afterward bought a farm in Chestnut Township, where he lived from 1867 to 1880, when he traded for land in Maquon Township. In the year 18S0 he removed upon the tract he purchased in the latter township, where he has since lived. He is at this writing the owner of 340 acres of well-improved and highly-cultivated land. Harvey Ouderkirk's marriage took place Dec. 13, 1862, at which time Sarah E., daughter of John and Hettie (Holloway) Cook, united her fortune with his. Miss Cook's father was a native of Ohio, her mother being born in Maryland. They came to Knox County in 1848 and settled in Orange Township, where the mother died July 21, 1868, the father's death occur- ring in Kansas, Aug. 10, 1882. They were the par- ents of five boys and four girls, Mrs. O. being the fifth child in order of birth. She was born in Picka- way County, Ohio, Feb. 16, 1839. Mr. and Mrs. O. of this notice have been blessed with the birth of five children, one of whom died in infancy. Those living are Henry J., Clara E.,. Os- car B. and EInora E. Mr. O. has been honored by the ])eople of his township by the positions of Over- seer of Highways and School Director. In politics he identifies himself with the Republican party. eorge M. Soriiborger, a gentleman of push and energy among the numerous citizens of his community, resides on section 9, Victo- ria Township. He was born in Knox County, April I, 1841, and is the son of Anson and' Catherine (Wilbur) Sornborger. His parents were natives of New York and came to this State in 1838, locating on section 7, Victoria Township, where "^ they purchased 60 acres of land. They are at pres- ent living in Copley Township, on section 11. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Anson Sornborger numbered ten children. Those living are six in number and bear the names of George M., Charles D., Ford W., Alexander, Cass and Loue E. Mr. George Sornborger worked upon his father's farm until 21 years of his life had passed, and also in the interim attended the district school. After leav- ing home he enlisted in Co. C, 83d III. Vol. Inf., for three years, and participated in the battle of Fort Donelson and numerous skirmishes. He was taken ill and confined in the hospital at Fort Donelson for two months,receiving an honorable discharge July 17, 1863. Upon returning home he, in 1865, engaged in farming on section 12, Copley Township, where for two years he rented land, when he removed to section 17, Victoria Township, which place he also rented for a period of three years. From that place, in 1868, he removed to his present fine farm on sec- tion 9, which contains 160 acres, and the same year he secured 80 acres on section 17, Victoria Township. Mr. Sornborger is extensively engaged in grain and stock raising, and also buys and sells cattle and hogs. In 1865, Mr. Sornborger was married to the lady of 668 KNOX COUNTY. =t* i his choice, Miss Frances Sydan. She was born Dec. i8, 1848, and is the daughter of John T. and Hen- rietta (Sholett) Sydan, natives of the Empire State, whence they came to Victoria Township, Knox County, in 1852. Mr. Sydan enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 83d III. Vol. Inf. He is now deceased. His wife is still living and residing at Galva with her son, William O. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Sydan, two still survive — Frances E., wife of our subject, and William O. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Sornborger of this notice are Clarence T., born Sept. 20, 1866 ; George A., Dec. 29, 1868; Lolette K., Sept. i, 1872; Mary E., Oct., 28, 1876; Claude, May 25, 1878; Floyd, Sept. 10 1881 ; Gracie F., April 5, 1884. Our sub- ject is a supporter of the Greenback party, and has served his township as Assessor. lames Alexander Wilson, one of the repre- sentative farmers of Galesburg Township, residing on section 27, was born in Persifer Township May 20, 1843, and is a son of IC Francis and Elizabeth (McPherrin) Wilson (see sketch). He was reared on his father's farm, at intervals attending the district schools, which was all the schooling he ever received. He remained with his parents until he gained his ma- jority, whqn he married Miss Martha Wertman, in January, 1868. She was born Sept. iS, r848, in Columbia Couiity, Pa. Mrs. Wilson came to Illinois with her parents in 1862 and located in this county. Their names were Elias and Mary (Kistler) Wertman. They were na- tives of Pennsylvania ; the father, born Feb. 3, 1809, is still living; the mother was born in 18 13, also in Pennsylvania, and died Sept. 23, 1875. They had eight children, namely : Agnes (deceased), William, Daniel, Sarah, Mary E., Lloyd, Martha J. and Charlie. The parents of Mr. Wilson of our sketch had eight children — George, Thomas, Elizabeth, John, James Ale.xander, Francis, Drusilla and Mary. Mr. Wilson has erected an elegant residence on his farm, two stories high, 60 x 32 feet in dimensions, with a fine cellar under the entire structure. It is finely finished inside and cost §4,000. He is doing a general farm business, and is a Democrat in poli- tics and one of the most enterprising farmers in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are the happy par- ents of five children, as follows: Charles E., born Nov. 30, 1869; Arthur C, born July 12, 1872 ; Lyle, Aug. 29, 1874; Ray, June 5, 1877; and Mary A., May 16, 1885. Mr. Wilson has been a life-long resident of this county, is highly esteemed by his many friends, is faithful in all the relations of life and is a successful business man. -^ -¥^ ^ ' ^BJ! atriek Shehan. The subject of this narra- tive is a general farmer, residing on section ^3^ II, Walnut Grove Township. He is the ^ son of Patrick and Berdelia (Riley) Shehan, both natives of Ireland, where they were mar- ried, but subsequently came to the United States. They at first located in NewYork City, where all their children were born. By this happy union there were four sons and four daughters, Mr. She- han, Jr., being the younger son, and the youngest but two of the family. He was born on the 5th of Au- gust, 1857. In 1866, the family all came Westward and settled on a farm of 160 acres in the township above referred to. A portion of the family still re- side on the original homestead, where the father died Oct. 14, 1874. The mother is in her 65th year, a venerable and kindly-hearted old lady, still living on the homestead, and to which the children have added 80 acres since the death of their father. The farm is now owned and operated by the son, Thomas S. Mr. Shehan, of this biography, resided at his par- ents' home until he was married, in Wataga, Knox County, Sept. i, 1880, to Miss Dora Wickham, a native of New York City, where she was born March 12, 1862. She was the daughter of Elias and Nettie Davis, of New York State. The parents were farm- ers, and first came to Illinois in 1865, settling in Galva, later at Altona, where they purchased a farm of 240 acres in Walnut Grove Township. This they made their home for eight years and then proceeded to the State of Nebraska, where they arrived in 1881 and took up a farm of r,i2o acres in Merrick County. This opened an opportunity for extensive stock-rais- ing, which was carried on with success and profit. Mrs. Shehan was educated in Knox County and re- sided with her parents until her marriage. By this ^ Hr I OF THE I DIVERSITY OF ILUN' 'U^^,ddJ^ •»— — ^)— KNOX COUNTY. 669 union one child has been born — Maud, May 17, 1881. For a few years after his mairiage Mr. She- han o|>erated a portion of the old homestead farm, but in the spring of 1885 lie took up his present loca- tion, which consists of about 144 acres, in an ad- vanced state of cultivation. These good |)eople are lioih active and consistent inenil>ers of the Roman Catholic Church, in which they are held in the highest esteem. By jjolitical i)er- suasion Mr. Shehan is a Democrat, who is always willing and ready to give his earnest sup|X)rt to any measure calculated to further the interests of the party whose iwlicy he believes to be for the good of the country. I^enry K. Whiting is a prominent represent- ative fanner, residing on section 21, in Walnut Grove Township, and the owner of 164 acres, mostly improved land, and 57 acres of timber. He is numbered among the most successful fainiers who early came to Illinois. He located here in 1851, and was born in Hartford, Conn., April 1, 1808. His father, Joseph, was a fanntr and native of Connecticut, the family having their origin in the United States nearly two centuries ago. Three brothers from Kngland were the found- ers of the family. The mother of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch was Mary Goodwin, also a native of Connecticut and of old American ancestry. The family consisted of 11 children, Mr. Whiting being the youngest and the only one living. The father of this large family was born Aug. 7, 1763; the mother March 16, 1766, the children resulting from this union being as fallows : Joseph, born July 23, 1784; Mary, June 29,1786; Allen, July 4, 1788; Delia, Sept. 18, 1790; Sallie G., Dec. 8, 179a; Emily, June 20, 1795; Flavia, Aug. 17, 1797; David, Aug. 4, 1799; Nathan, Sept. 1, 1801; and Eliza A., Feb 19, 1804. These men and women have all lived useful and successful lives, their de- cease taking place in their native State. Henry K. Whiting was educated in the public schcols of Hartford, Conn., and in his lM>yh(Kx] lived at home on his father's farm. He was married in his native county on the 3d of May, r835, to Miss Maty Fhilleo. She was a native of Farrington, Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born Dec. 28, 1814. Hir parents were natives of New York Slate and Connecticut resjHfctively, and of French descent on the father's side, who was a stone-cutter by trade. Toward the latter part of his life, however, he had taken to farming. The mother's dece.isc t»xjk place in Connecticut, while the father lies buried in Rock Island, 111. The former died at the age of 44, and the latter at the advanced age of 88. 'i'he present Mrs. Whiling was one of a family of fifteen children. She is herself the mother of five children, two now living, viz.: Virginia, wife of W. H. Ware, of Walnut Grove; and l)elA>ss P., who married Miss Mary A. Mack and is residing on their farm near Galesburg. This ntarriage took place Jan. I, t862. C. H. Whiling, the second son, was l)orn March 2 1, 1840, and proceeded South to Te.xas Ikjfore the war. Here he enlisted in defense of the I-ost Cause, and died soon after his return North. Wilbert L. was a volunteer in the Army of the Republic, in the , 42d 111. Vol. Inf., and was killed by a gunshot from the enemy at the battle of Resaca. He was norn Nov. 30, 1845, and enlisted in defense of the Union [ Aug. 10, 1861, when he was but 15 years old. It ; will be seen hereinafter that this made him a veteran soldier before he reached the age of 19 jears. He _ then re-enlisted for the war, receiving $400 bounty with 30 days' furlough. This was on March 2, 1864. He returned to his regiment and started with Sherman on his march to the sea This time, how- ever, the fates ordained that he was to forfeit his young life in defense of his country. He fell at Calhoun, Ga., May 16, 1864. Being under age, he had never as yet cast a vote in deciding the |Kiliiics of his country, but for all that was a patriot of the first standing. His remains lie at rest, over which a monument has been erected to his memory, in Altona Cemetery. The following is a copy of this young soldier's discharge : " Wilbert L. Whiting, a private of Capt. Wal- worth's Company C, 42d Regiment of Illinois In- fantry Volunteers, who was enrolled on the loth day of August, i86t, to serve three years or during the war, is hereby discharged from the service of the United Stales, to date the 31st day of Dei:cml>er, 1863, at Stone Mills, Tennessee, by reason of re- cnlistmcnt as a Veteran Volunteer. Given at Chat- I tanooga, Tenn., the 16th day of February, 1864." -M- 4 670 KNOX COUNTY. X After Mr. Whiting's marriage he took up his resi- dence in West Hartford from 1835 to 1851, when the family removed to Illinois and located o.i the land where they are now living. This farm had been secured by a brother of Mrs. W. early in tlie history of the county and township. Since making their home here they have as citizens rendered val- uable service to the community, their sterling worth and honesty being noticeable throughout the vicinity. As a Republican in politics Mr. W. has shown him- self a strong supporter of the party. He and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. : M. Tiffany, of Allona, is manager of a large drug and notion store, and carries on bus- iness under the firm name of H. Tiffany, and which was established Jan. 26, 1885, suc- ceeding John Becker, M. D., the previous owner and manager. Mr. Tiffany, before en- gaged in the drug trade at Altona, had been in the i same business at Union, Hardin Co., Iowa, where he continued for seven years, removing, after success- fully carrying on the business there, to his present location. Mr. Tiffany was born in Schoharie County, N. Y., October ir, 1854. His father, Horace Tiffany, was formerly by occupation a farmer, but feeling himself Called to the ministry, he abandoned this work, en- gaging with the Methodist Episcopal denomination, in which church he has since labored. He resides at Cornell, Livingston Co., 111., to which place he came in 187 I. He was married while in the State of New York, to Lucy J. Teel, who was a native of that State, and who with him entered his chosen field of work. She is yet living and is his helpful and ap- preciative com par ion. Our subject is the second in order of birth in a family of seven children. At the time of his parents' removal to Illinois he was two years of age, and after attaining a scholastic age was sent to the public schools of Livingston County, and after reaching years of discretion, during which he grew to truly es- timate the value of an education, he was sent to Hedding College, Abingdon, 111. He was 15 years old at this time, but developed beyond his 'age, men- tally, and was of serious and dignified disposition. He began teaching in the public schools in this State and in Iowa, about this time. He pursued his chosen vocation up to the time that he engaged as druggist at Union, Iowa. In Cornell, 111., he made the acquaintance of Miss Flora C, the daughter of Harrison Carroll, a farmer of Livingston County. Their friendship ripened into a warmer sentiment, and on April 15, 1877, their marriage took place. Her father still lives in this section of the country, in which Mrs. Tiffany was born, receiving her educa- tion in the public schools. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Tiffany has been blessed by the birth of three children, named re- spectively Harry M., Nellie M. and Frederick. Mr. Tiffany is a wide-awake and energetic member of society, and takes a keen interest in public matters, upon which he is an able thinker. Politically be is a Republican. ^^1 ric Ericson is a farmer on section 10, Vic- s.^^il!' toria Township. He was born in Sweden, ' M®^°^ March 20, 1836, and is a son of John and Sarah (Monson) Ericson, natives of Sweden. ThQ parents were married in 1831, and left "^ their native land, coming to the United States in 1850, making their first settlement in Manitowoc County, Wis., where they purchased 160 acres of' land, remaining there for 20 years. Upon disposing of his farm Mr. Ericson came to Knox County and located 80 acres on section 15, Victoria Township. Upon this place they resided until 1882, since which time they have made their home with their son Eric. They were the parents of six children, the three liv- ing bearing the names of Eric, Magnus and Mar- garet, now Mrs. Ryan. The mother of our subject died in 187 1, in Wisconsin. Eric Ericson remained at home until 28 years of age, assisting his father in the duties of tiie farm. On coming to Knox County, in 1864, he located in Victoria Township, section 13, where he purchased a farm of 70 acres. This had some improvements on it which had been there since 1853. He has since added 99 acres to his landed interests. In 1884 Mr. Ericson erected on his fine farm a handsome resi- dence, with all modern conveniences, valued at $2,ono. He also has a fine granary and has made many other substantial improvements. His marriage took place Feb. 6, 1862, at which n 'K — ,^ OF THE l::jversity of illin' A KNOX COUNTY. 673 time Miss Christina Bloom, daughter of Michael and Gurlin (Swanson) Bloom, became his wife. Her par- ents were natives of Sweden, and in 1850 came to America, and for three years slopped in New York. In 1853 they purchased 120 acres of land in Mani- towoc County, Wis., remaining on the same until 1872. The mother died in 1S60, and the father re- moved to Dakota, which Territory he has since made his home. Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Ericson, four are still living and are named Samuel; Christina, wife of our subject ; I'eier and Mary, who became Mrs. Norse. Mr. and Mrs. Ericson are the parents of one son, John E., who is in attendance at the Business Col- lege at Galesburg. In political faith our subject affiliates with the Republican party. Both himself and wife are consistent members of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. E. has served his township in the offices of Commissioner of Highways and Pathmaster; while residing in Wisconsin he 'was School Director. lexander Latiraer. The subject of this If sketch, formerly a pioneer of Kno.x County, was born in Tennessee, Sept. 7, 1807. He is a son of Elder Joseph Latimer, bom in New London, Conn., in 1766, and grandson of Col. Latimer, of Revolutionary fame. (See sketch of Elder Joseph Latimer.) The Latimer family are descended from English stock. They orig- inally settled in Connecticut at a period long before the Revolutionary War. The grandfather of Alexan- der, and great-grandfather of the present family of Latimers in Knox County, was a Colonel in the War for Independence, and his 12 sons served under him. The Latimer family removed to the Territory of Tennessee, in 1790, where Ale.vander was born, as above stated. In 1828 he married Miss Eunice Guth- rie, a native of Robinson County, Tenn.; she was born in 1808 and departed this life in 1842. Soon after his marriage Alexander removed to Illinois and stopped in Sangamon County. The Black Hawk war was in progress at this time, and he joined the forces under Col. G. G. Latimer, and continued in the service until the Indians were driven across the river. Soon after the settlement of the Indian diffi- f-^ culty he was joined by his wife and they came to this county in 1834, locating in Indian Point Township, and two years later settled on section 21, Cedar Township. In T851 he engaged in mercantile pur- suits in the village of Abingdon, in which he con- tinued for a number of years. In i860 he removed to Minnesota, and there engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and is still a resident of that State. By the union of our subject and Eunice Guthrie there were six children born. The following is the record : Elizabeth, born in 1834, died in 1842 ; Wm. G. is a resident of Washington Ter.; Mary Louisa is the wife of Henderson Ritchie, a native of Hender- son County, this State, and the first white child born in that county ; he now resides in Council Grove, Kan.; James S. is a resident of Knox County ; Rob- ert A. and Joseph M. died in infancy. After the death of his first wife Mr. Latimer married Miss Julia Hart, a native of Indiana. She died in 1850, leaving four children, whose record is as follows : Washington K., Pleasant H.; Sarah J.', wife of John W. Dawdy, and Cora A., wife of C. M. Phipps, a resident of Minnesota. In 1852 Mr. Latimer contracted a third marriage, Miss Sarah Chesney, a native of Indiana, f* becoming his wife. By this union there are five children, named as follows : Narcissa L., who is a teacher in the High School of Seattle, Washington Ter.; Alice, who occupies a similar jwsition in Min- nesota; Harriet E., wife of Charles Stephens, a farmer ai.d resident of this county ; Clara C, a teacher in Minnesota; Emma C, wife of Charles B. Reynolds, telegrapher, Lanesboro, Minn. As intimated before, the Latimers came from a patriotic race. During the late war all the sons of Alexander Latimer were in the service. William G. enlisted in Co. G., 83d III. Vol. Inf., and upon the organization of the company was elected Second Lieutenant. He was soon after promoted to First Lieutenant and then to Brigade Inspector, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. After his three years' enlistment had expired he veteranized. He distinguished himself at the battle and capture of Fort Donelson, and the sword he captured there from a Confederate officer still remains in his |X)sses- sion as a trophy of his prowess. Washington K. was a private in Co. K, 9th Reg. Minn. Vol. Inf He was in the command under Gen. Sturgis, in his ill- fated expedition and disaster in 1863, and was capt- ured, taken to Andersonville, and there died in 1" -i- -H- 674 KNOX COUNTY. 1865, only a few days before the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. Pleasant H. was also a mem- ber of Co. K, 9th Minn. Vol. Inf, was in same en- gagement, but escaped the disaster of his brother; served until close of the war, and at present resides at Seneca, Kan. Alexander Latimer in politics was originally a Democrat, but opposed to the system of slavery. Upon the organization of the Republican party he joined its ranks and has ever since voted with it. He was for many years a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. During his early life, he, in connection with his brothers Jonathan and George, was the principal originator and builderof the Cherry Grove Seminary, and they contributed largely of their means to aid in its construction. From the fact of there being no church of his denomination in the locality where he now lives, both he and his wife joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. During his residence here he was for many years Justice of ' the Peace, and in fact held the office until his re- moval from the State, and was known by everyone as 'Squire Latimer. The publishers of tliis Album are pleased at being able to present the features of this well known "grand old man " among the portraits of other distinguished citizens. ||i saac Q. Armstrong, a farmer, residing on section 18, Knox Township, is the subject of this biographical sketch, and is note- worthy as being a substantial citizen, and suc- cessful in his chosen field of labor. His farm is in a good state of cultivation, highly improved and supplied with a first-class set of farm buildings, furnished with all modern conveniences. The farm is well stocked with blooded animals, and nothing is lacking to complete and perfect his possessions. Mr. Armstrong was born in Adams Co., Pa., June 21, 183 1, and his father, Isaac Armstrong, Sr., was also born in Adams County, April 6, 1797. The grand- father of our subject likewise bore the Christian name of Isaac, and was a resident of the same county as the son and grandson at the time of his death. He was born of English progenitors, but was of Ameri- can adoption. The father of our subject grew to manhood in his native county, and was married there to Miss Mary Campbell. She was born in Adams County in 1808, and was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. In 1835 he removed to Franklin County, Pa., and there rented land. He lived there 19 years, and in 1854, accom- panied by his wife and eight children, emigrated to Illinois. They started the 4th day of May with horses, covered wagons and a rockaway carriage, and drove overland to their destination. They landed in Knoxville, June 12, where the father rented a house for his family in the village, and started out to find a suitable and permanent location. He purchased 307 acres on section 18, Knox Town- ship. There was a log house and stable on it, and the land was partly under cultivation; the family lived in the cabin for a few years, then erected a frame house and added other improvements. He died on this place in June, 1878, and his wife in May, 1879. Eight children were born to Isaac Armstrong: Alex- ander lives in Nemaha County, Neb. ; Isaac, of whom • we write ; James, who lives in Knox Township ; Agnes, whose home is in Orange Township; Jane, wife of D. H. Stewart, lives in Jefferson County, la.; ■ Rebecca, wife of Wilson Wood, lives in Cheyenne, Wyoming Ter. ; Thomas resides on the old home- stead in Knox Township ; Mary is the wife of Webb ■ Sipherd, and lives in Polk County, Neb. The subject of this history was but four years of age when he removed to Franklin County, Pa. He grew to manhood there, was reared on the farm, and educated in the district schools. He came to Illi- nois with his parents, and remained with them until his marriage in 1862. At that time he united with Margaret Saddler, who was born in Adams County, Pa. Eighteen months afterward she died, leaving one child, a son named Harry. His second marriage was contracted Nov. 13, 1866, with Elizabeth Rogers. She was born in Trumbull County, Ohro and is the daughter of Charles and Eliza (Phillips) Rogers, the father a native of Connecticut, and her mother of England. One child was the result of this latter union, a daughter named Lottie. At the time of marriage they settled on that part of their homestead which Mr. Armstrong now owns and occupies. In the spring of 1865 Mr. Armstrong, with others, engaged in the employ of the Government, and went 1 South to Chattanooga and to different parts of East ±* -I •*>■ jK^nox county. 675 Tennessee. There he continued until the close of the war. At the present time he is engaged in the joint business of farming and stock-raising. Mr. Armstrong is a valued member of the community, an alert thinker, and wide-awake to the political situation. He is a Republican in politics, and warmly supports that party wiih sentiment and vote. His wife is an enrolled member of the Presbyterian Church and he is liberal in religious sentiment, though connected with no special organization. I, -\«iia2'©-^'''^^^^-»*^i-S>'3'W»v» -wx^ %:^ 1829. 44 W. Sornborger. One of the most exten- ^ sive farmers and large land-owners of this county is B. \V. Sornborger, residing upon section 9, Victoria Township. He is a native of the township in which he is at present residing, the date of his birth being May 22, His parents were Peter and Phelia (Wilber) j Sornborger. They were natives of New York, and i in 1836 came to this State, where the father secured >■ 126 acres of land located on section 7, Victoria Township. Upon this farm he resided until his de- mise in 1845. The marriage of the senior Mr. Sorn- ■ borger was the first wedding celebrated in this town- ' ship, and took place April 16 (Easter Sunday), 1838. I Both Mr. and Mrs. S. were members of tlie Methodist ! Church. The family of Peter Sornborger remained ■ upon the old farm on section 7 until the year 1878, when, selling it, they purchased the place where the 1 subject of this sketch now resides, and where the ' mother died in 1879, one year later. Of the parental family of our subject, B. W. is the only one who hved to attain the age of majority. ' Briggs W. Sornborger, of this personal notice, spent his earlier days upon the farm, and in acquir- ing a good English education. He has had the entire management of the farm since 16 years of age, with the exception of one year when he worked out. He is at present extensively engaged in stock and grain raising, and is meeting with success in his chosen vocation. Besides possessing the old home- stead, he also owns 25 i acres of well-cultivated land in Truro Township. The marriage of Mr. Sornborger with Miss Helen A. Cadwell was celebrated March 6, 1859. She was a native of Pennsylvania and a daughter of John P. and Mary E. (Porter) Cadwell. Her parents came to Illinois in 1840, and purchased a large tract of land upon sections 10 and 11, Truro Township. They remained upon this farm until 1866, and then removed to the village of Altona, where they lived for six years, at the end of which time they returned to the old farm in Truro Townsliip, where the mother died in 1874. Two years later the father returned to Altona, residing there until his death in 1880. We give the following brief memoranda of the seven surviving children of Mr. and Mrs. Cadwell : Sarah A. married S. S. Seward, and they reside in Missouri ; James M., next in order of birth; Mary J., at pres- ent Mrs. J. W. Stanley, with her husband makes Kansas her home; Helen A., the wife of our sub- ject; Sylvia is the wife of D. A. Pierce, and resides at Altona ; Nancy E. married J. W. Hopkins, and also resides at Altona ; Malinda married Nehemiah Gale, and they are residing in the State of Nebraska. Our subject and wife have been blessed by a family of seven children, as follows : Sarah N. mar- ried Alfred Williams, and they have a son, Earnest B., and are at present residing on section 4; Peter A. Sornborger, third in order of birth ; Mary L. be- came Mrs. Edgar Conner; Clarence is the name of their only child. The remaining four children are Cora A., Lucy M., John B. and Jessie B. Politically Mr. S. affiliates with the Greenback party, and has served his district in the capacity of School Director. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and together with his wife holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. M£CrS^* Vi — ^>^:%iUVlSt years. They reared five sons and three daughters, George V. being the eldest of the sons and the sec- ond child. The Pennsylvania schools furnished him a liberal education, and at the age of 18 he was em- ployed as clerk by a Leitersburg (Md.) merchant, receiving for his first year's services $60, for his sec- ond $75 and for his third $100. In 1834 he decided to go West, and having so informed his employer, that gentleman surprised him by increasing the stipend of his three years' labor to $100, $200 and $300 respectively. With this sum of money our young man, more than a half century ago, landed at Canton, Ohio, where he lost no time for the succeed- ing five years. This was the experience he had sought, and, feeling that he knew something of West- ern traffic, he returned East and sought employment in Philadelphia. John H. Brown & Co., of that city, were then the great jobbers, and being anxious to improve any and every opportunity for extending their trade, closed a contract with Mr. D. at a salary of $1,200 per year. The second year they advanced his pay to $2,500, the third year to $3,000, and the fourth year to $3,500. These figures tend very ^largely to contradict the recollections of the anti- quarians who remind us daily of what " used to be." From Brown & Co. Mr. D. transferred to the great ^ firm of McFarland, Evans & Co., who paid him $3,500 a year for ten consecutive years. He was their confidential man and looked particularly after their Western business; and in those days, when the principal mode of travel was on horseback, the ex- periences of the pioneer commercial traveler would fill a volume. One incident here will be pardoned, as it reflects the ingenuity of necessity and proves that ready native wit is not confined to the product of the Emerald Isle : In the vicinity of Delaware, Ohio, young Dieterich had collected on his trip about $8,000 ; the night was well set in and the density of the virgin forests added much to the gloom of his lonely road. The money was stowed away in a pair of old saddle-bags, upon which he sat as the trusty old nag paced slowly ahead in the direction of the town, yet several miles in the distance. " Halt!" and a strong hand seized the bridle and brought the horse to a sudden stand. A bright little star cast a single ray through an opening in the foliage and reflected itself in a gleam along the polished steel, and showed the traveler that he was fully cov- ered by a very dangerous-looking weapon. " Your money or your life!" demanded the highwayman. Dropping the reins and throwing up his hands, the commercial traveler burst forth in a guffaw of laugh- ter that echoed through the forest and frightened into screaming hysterics all the night-hawks and screech-owls for miles away. "What in the d 1 are you laughing at.'" and as soon as he could suf- ficiently suppress his risibilities, he said, "To think that a country doctor, who peddles his pills both night and day among a people so poor that they can- not buy bread, much less pay for physic, should be held up for money, was irresistibly funny." He then offered to give the " road agent " pills enough to " regulate " him for a whole year, and that worthy gentleman shoved the horse's head avi^ay from him in disgust, and muttering all sorts of imprecations upon his own ill luck, politely told the " doctor " to "go to ," and strode back into the shadows of the hazel and the thorn. Mr. D. removed to Canton, Ohio, in 1857, and was there engaged in mercantile business up to his coming to Galesburg, in 1862. Here he embarked in the grocery business, which he only quitted in 1880. An old -line Whig up to 1854, he in that year helped to nominate William B. Thomas, Republican candidate for Mayor of Philadelphia. In that, proba- bly the pioneer contest of the new party, 72,000 votes were cast, of which number Mr. Thomas re- ceived III. Though a strong temperance advocate, Mr. D. has always opposed a third party, and while his efforts in private life have been expended in be- half of temperance, he has steadily urged its entire divorcement from politics. He has never been an office-seeker, though the fact of his having repre- sented the Republican party as their delegate from this district to every Senatorial convention since he came to the State is conclusive that he could have had almost anything that he would accept. It is a part of history that in 1872 he caused the defeat of Schuyler Colfax for the nomination with Gen. Grant for the second term; and as a result Henry Wilson became Vice-President of the United States. Mr. D. was in possession of the fact that Mr. Colfax had repeatedly declared that he would not be a candi- date for renomination ; he had so written Mr. Die- terich in response to that gentleman's inquiry, and when the friends of Colfax announced that he had withdrawn his protests and placed himself in their hands, Mr. D. took occasion to " speak his piece " J "T KNOX COUNTY. 677 10 the Illinois delegation, bringing befoie them the truth in the premises. This brought the facts to discussion and defeated the gentleman from Indiana. In 1868 Mr. Dieterich was elected Supervisor and held the office 15 years, which is about the only public trust he has ever discharged. While a citi- zen of Leitersburg, Md., he led in the organization of amateur debating upon current questions, and there developed a faculty for public speaking. He is truly a self-made man; began life as a poor boy, learned early much of the hardships of a battle that the poor must wage for success, but he rounds up a ripe old age with a handsome competency and in the enjay- mentof the knowledge of having wronged no man. Mr. D. was married in Stark County, Oliio, July 26, 1846, to Eliza R. Goodwill, and his three chil- dren are as follows : Helen F. (deceased), Corwin G. and Ion G. Corwin G. owns a ranch in Kansas, and Ion G. is cashier of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Galesburg. ^ ^.#. •^ obert Smead, M. D., a prominent physician, residing at Victoria, was born near San- *.^7. dusky City, Ohio, Dec. 13, 1839. He is P. the son of Dr. Alonzo and Elizabeth M. (Crane) Smead. The parents were natives of Seneca County, N. Y. The fatiier of Dr. Alonzo, John Smead, settled in New York about the year 1800, and was by occupation a farmer. It is believed that they were descended from the Welsh. The father of our subject, when a boy, conceived the idea that it would suit his taste to become a canal teamster, in which pursuit he engaged, but only for a short period, afterward attending school. We find him at the age of 25 County Superintendent of Schools. In 1838 he removed to Ohio, there became Principal of a high school and also had charge of the schools of the county. In 1840 he commenced the study of medicine and was admitted to practice in 1851, having received his diploma. He accepted the doctrines of Universalism, and became one of its pioneer preachers. In Ohio his circuit extended from Columbus to Sandusky. Dr. Alonzo Smead was a prominent debater and held many discussions with the prominent divines of America. He abandoned his ministerial labors, and continued the practice of medicine in the States of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, in which latter State he died in 1867. Our subject was the eldest child of a family of five, three of whom are living. The remaining two are Mary C, now Mrs. David Knowland, who resides at Havelock, Pocahontas Co., Iowa, and Dr. Cassius C. Smead, who also resides in Iowa, and with whom his mother, Mrs. Dr. Alonzo Smead, makes her home. Dr. Robert of this sketch at the age of 17 years ac- cepted a position as Deputy in the Auditor's office. He had received an excellent education in the city schools and academies. He remained in the Audit- or's office for three years, and the greater portion of the time had the entire management of the office. During the three years spent in that position his spare moments were utilized in reading medicine under the instruction of his father and Drs. Mc- Cann and Harrison. The date of his removal to Illinois was i860, and at Marion, Williamson County, he pursued the study of medicine, and also attended the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, and the Keokuk College of Iowa. Receiving his diploma, he commenced the practice of his profession in 1861. and one year later located at La Fayette, Stark Co. 111. Our subject has been in the service in the United States Army as physician and surgeon at Fort Hall, Idaho Ter. He was also engaged in practice for five years in Madison County, Texas. Dr. Robert B. Smead married Miss Lucy Harri- son, in April, 1859 She is the daughter of Talman L. and Ellen Harrison, natives of Virginia and Mary- land. The Doctor affiliates with the Democratic party, and is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. He is also connected with the Military Tract and State MedicalAssociations of Illinois, and is oneofthe ))rominent physicians of Knox County. Mrs. Smead is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .imon S. Stuckey. The gentleman here named is one of the most widely known, respected, well-to-do citizens of Walnut Grove Township. He is located on sections I and 3, and is successfully engaged in farm- ing operations. He originally came from Bed- ford County, Pa., where he was born Dec. 8, 1823. His father, Samuel, was a farmer and native of the same county and State. This latter gentleman was the son of Simon Stuckey, born in Shenandoah Val- -llsKl :^^SH 678 KNOX COUNTY. ley, Va., and of direct German ancestry. He was married to Margaret Snyder, a native of Virginia, of Dutch parentage ; botli these good people died in Bedford, Pa. The grandfather in early life was a tanner, and the father of oar subject a farmer of some prominence. The Stuckey family was founded in the United States by three brothers who came from Germany. Mr. Stuckey's father married Ann Silver, of Bedford County, Pa., of English descent. Both these good people were noted for their active and useful lives, Mr. Stuckey always taking a warm interest in local politics. The quick suppression of the rebellion was a point on which he felt warmly and acted decisively toward bringing about the result attained. His de- cease took place in 1864, he having been one of the old Whig politicians, but a noted Republican at the date of his death. Mr. Stuckey, of this notice, was the oldest but one of his parents' family. Of these tliere were six sons and five daughters, one of whom died youug. Our subject is the only member of the family now living in Illinois. He struggled for an education in those early days when public schools were unknown, and worked at home on his father's farm for some years, learning as best he could the elements of English, ^mathematics, etc. He was married in Bedford County, Pa., Dec. 25, 1849, to Miss Caroline Border, also a native of Bedford County, born May 3, 1828. This lady was the daughter of David and Cathe'rine (Kegg) Border, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania respectively. They were prominent people in their community and of German descent on the mother's side, but English on that of the father. After their marriage they lived for a number of years in Bedford County, the father finally dying in Maryland. The mother's decease took place June 29, 1832. After the decease of her mother Mrs. Stuckey resided at her paternal home up to the date of her marriage. About this date her father also married. About five years subsequent to Mr. and Mrs. Stuckey's marriage they came to the State of Illinois and located where he at present lives. He was one of the first settlers of the township, and the unbroken prairie he had procured had for the first time to be turned. He purchased 240 acres, which he has ever since retained. It is now in a high state of cultiva- tion, on which are a fine residence and other necessary farm buildings. The issue of this family consists of five sons and four daughters : Albert married Fran- ces Hustin and resides on section 2, Walnut Grove Township, and is a farmer; Elwood resides in Clin- ton County, Mo.; Lathrop follows the occupation of stock-breeder; Ellen B. is the wife of D. S. Brill- hart ; they also reside in Chnton County, Mo. Mr. BriUhart for some time followed the profession of teacher in the public schools, but is at present en- gaged as a hardware merchant; Avis married Mr. C. W. Main, a resident of this township; Maggie is the wife of W. D. Cook, residing in this township; Samuel L. resides in Lathrop, Clinton Co., Mo.; A. A. resides in Custer Co., Neb., and is a stock-dealer; Ida M. is a music teacher of much talent and re- sides at home, and William C. is also living with his father. Mr. and Mrs. C. are prominent members of the Presbyterian Church, Mr. S. having held the office of Trustee for more than 15 years. He has also ac- quitted himself with much credit in the offices of his township, and has held that of Road Commissioner for several years. As a solid and reliable Republican in politics there are few gentlemen in his township who can say they have interested themselves more intently for the good of the cause than he. &■{ Kl&harles H. Mathews, deceased, was born at Schenectady, N. Y., Feb. i, 1823, and died at Galesburg, March 12, 1883. His par- ents, John and Letitia (Humphreys) Mathews, were born, reared and married in County Tyrone, Ireland, where their first child was born and whence they came to America. The senior Mr. M. was many years a merchant at Schenectady, where he died in 187 r, aged about 70 years. Though very successful in business, he died almost pen- niless by reason of failures that came upon him at such times as he was unable to rally by reason of ad- vanced old age. His son therefore inherited no fortune, but made what of this world's goods he pos- sessed by his own industry, and was rated one of the wealthiest men of Galesburg at the time of his death. Charles Mathews received something of a common- school education ; began clerking at Schenectady in a stgre when he was but 13 years of age; going from *T -_ ^ -¥ KNOX COUNTY. 679 there to New York City in business for himself some years; returning to his native place and carrying on a large dry goods establishment up to 1856. In this ytar he came to Galesbiirg and here followed the mercantile business until 1864; and in 1865 became identified with the First National Bank. In tlie autumn of this year he removed to Schenectady, probably with a view to final retirement from bus- iness. In 1874, his Galesburg interests having as- sumed such shape as imperatively required his personal attention, he returned to Galesburg and re- engaged in the dry goods business. He finally re- tired from business in January, i88i. Mr. M. was a man devoid of ostentation or display ; belonged to no secret order, look no leading part in politics, thougli always an ardent Republican. Mr. Mathews was married at Amsterdam, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1855, to Miss Eliza Sheldon, daughter of the late Alexander Sheldon, for many years a dis- tinguished member of the Albany (N. Y.) bar. He died at Amsterdam, that State, in i860, at the age of 90 years. His wife, nee Miss Jackson, died in Florida in 1845. Mr. Slieldon left a large estate, of which V his son-in-law, Mr. Mathews, became executor. The Sheldons came originally from England, and in America many of them have attained distinction in business and professions. Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon had born to them five children, as follows: Alice Sheldon, deceased; Letitia, Charles H., deceased; Mary and Annie \V. 44 ames M Scott. Within the limits of Knox County may be found many reliable and !^^^ worthy citizens known for their enterprise and business ability, and foremost in their rinks may be quoted the gentleman a few points of whose career are recorded herein. He owns a highly cultivated farm, situated on section 8, Knox Township, comprising 680 acres. James M. Scott was born on the farm he now owns and occupies May 5, 1843. His father. Gad- dial Scott, was one of the pioneers of Knox County and noteworthy as one of those early settlers who have watclied its gradual growth. In 1827, at which time he was a resident of Sangamon County, accom- panied by Andy Osborn, John Slatten and Andrew Scott, he came to Knox ('ounty on a little pleasure trip and seeking for wild honey. They found two well-filled trees and soon became jxissessors of their delicious contents. It was " hale fellow well met " with this jolly crew, and they camped for one week on the dividing line of Knox and Warren Counties. During that entire time they saw no living person. The only white people these explorers met from the time of leavii g Sangamon County until tlieir return were Mr. Atwood and son, who lived south of the Galena road. Mr. Scott returned home and gave glowing accounts of the country, foreseeing its great- ness. In 1834, with his family, he removed from San- gamon County and staked a claim on section 8, in Knox Township. His home circle consisted at that time of a wife and one child. Erecting a log house near a wonderfully cool and clear spring that bub- bled up from the earth about 200 yards southeast of the present homestead, he made a puncheon floor and used shakes to cover the roof. In Quincy he entered the land at the Government LandOtfice, and this quaint little structure that he had built, for many years the family residence, was their home in 1852. At that time he replaced it with a frame house, drawing all his lumber overland from Rock Island. With the native energy common to those pioneers he could not fail to succeed, and by his u|>right character and his honest dealings with his felbw-man he showed forth the truth — " Before man made us citizens, great Nature made us men." At the time of his death, he was the owner of a large tract of land and was iirospered beyond his expecta- tions. He was a native of Tennessee, and was born Aug. 9, 1809. The grandfatlier of our subject. Rev. Andrew Scott, was a minister of the Gospel of the Christian denomination, and was a native of North Carolina. 'I"he dale of his birth was Nov. 21, 1786, and he was a veritable pioneer, having been an early settler in lackson County, Tenn. From there he removed, about 1800, to Kentucky, later to Indiana, and from there to Sangamon County, III, of which he was one of the earliest settlers. There he took up a tract of land, which he improved and cultivated into a first-class farm. There he lived in contentment and peace until the date of his death. Gaddial Scott made the several removals with his parents, and so his younger days weie spent on the ^lArr 68o KNOX COUNTY. fronlier. He married, July 25, 1833. Miss Susan Sexton, who was born in Knox County, Ky., May 25, 1810, and who died Jan. 22, i87S_. By this mar- riage there were seven children, the names and dales of whose birth are as follows : William M., born July 21, 1834, and who died in early manhood, July 18, 1863; John W., born March 26, 1836, and who died Oct. 6, 1862. He enlisted in Co. E, 83d 111. Vol. Inf., and gave his life for his country at Padu- cah, Ky.; Elizabeth S., born April 27, 1839, died Feb. 22, 1864; Enoch S. (see sketch); James M., thesubject; Jacob, born Oct. 14, 1846, died May 3, 1865; and Olive, born April 21, 1852, died at the early 'age of 15 years, Aug. 24, 1867. His second matrimonial alliance was formed in 1876, with Sarah M. Hobbs, who departed this life June 8, 1880, and Mr. Scott, who had lived a good and true life, fol- lowed her June 18, 1880, only ten days later. He was a member of the Christian Church and a con- sistent and devoted follower of the beautiful truths ' that were shown forth in the life of Jesus. Up to the time of his death his faculties remained unim- paired, and he was possessed of a most remarkable memory, often delighting the young people with stories of pioneer life. James M. Scott, the subject of this liistory, was reared on a farm and educated in the district school. He made his home with his parents, and on the loth of May, 1864, set out for California, making the journey overland, and arrived at Chico, near the Sacramento Riv^r, having performed the journey in four months and ten days. In that State he passed a year, remaining until May, 1865, when he started on his way back, going via Panama and New York ; he arrived home about the ist of July. He has since lived on the old homestead, which he still owns. His possessions include 680 acres of land, all in Knox Township, and well cultivated and improved. He takes an active interest in the raising of cereals and blooded stock. On the 23d of February, 1870, he was united in marriage with Delia Lotts, a native of Haw Creek Township, and the daughter of Milton and Elizabeth (Ward) Lotts. She was born June 21, 1848. Their family circle has been enlarged by the advent of three new members — Forrest R., Olive Pearl and Ella Eileen. Mr Scott is a useful man in the neighborhood, and is a member of Pacific Lodge, No. 400, A., F. & A. M., and of Rabboni Chapter, No. 95. He possesses an inquiring mind and takes a keen interest in national affairs. He is Democratic in politics, and aids and supports by voice and vote the doctrines of that party. 1; eter Dechant, by occupation a brick and stone mason, is also a farmer on section 23, H^'^ of Cedar Township. He was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, on Nov. 17, 1820, and is the son of John P. and Louisa (Holtz- housen) Dechant; both parents were born in Hesse-Cassel, Germany. The father was born in 1778 and died in 1823. His death was caused by the falling of a tree while engaged in chopping in the woods, and he survived but two hours after the acci- dent. This gentleman was educated for the minis- try of the German Reformed Church, but never oc- cupied the pulpit until he came to this country in 1814. Being well posted in general merchandising, he engaged in this for a short while. John P. had five children, one son and four daughters — Peter, Hen- rietta, Wilhelmina, Louisa and Rebecca. Peter, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth child of the family, and married Miss Nancy J. Hall, on the 12th of October, 1843. His wife was born in Clermont County, Ohio, on Feb. 2, 1827, and was the daughter of William and .Maria (South) Hall, natives of Ohio. Mr. Hall was born Dec. 7, 1800, and died in 1839. His wife was born March it, 1806, her demise tak- ing plai e July 20, 1885. By the marriage there were seven children — Nancy, Jeremiah, Frances M., Silas S., William, Isaac P. and Maria. Mr. and Mrs. Dechant, of this biography, are the parents of 11 children: Jeremiah, born Oct. 17, 1844; Permelia, Aug. 8, 1846; Maria L., June 16, 1848; Frances, Feb. ii, 1850; Peter H., Dec. 8, 185 1; Wilhelmina, May 22, 1854; Chase, Feb. 3, 1856; Nancy J., Jan. 25, 1859; William P., June 27, 1862; John S., Feb. 24, 1864; Grant, Feb. 3, 1866. Of these children there are now ;married Permelia, April 9, 1863, to Mr. Peter R. Akey, and is the mother of six children; Frances W., to Wm. G. Jarvis, March 6, 1867; Jeremiah, to Miss S. J. For- ray, April 18, 1867; Maria L., to Purley Murdoch, Dec. 18, 1867; Nancy J., to Robert Ritchie, March *t^ KNOX COUNTY. 68i 7, 1S77; Chase, to Miss Jerusha C. Neil, Jan. i, 1878; Will. P., to Mary Peterson, Nov. 23, 1882. Mr. Dechant owns 168 acres of prime land, and in the year 1877 erected a fine two-story brick dwelling, 29x31 feet, with a basement under the en- tire house. He is a leading member of the I. O. O. F., of Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, of whicii he is the oldest member. As a politician, he is prominent in the Republican party, and has encircled around him numerous and substantial friends. He believes that in the present labor troubles the laborer will get his reward according to individual merit, as he should, and not according to the dic- tates of the labor unions. ^IJohn C. Eiker. Among the well-to-do and ^^ftj" successful farmers of Kno.x County, who have accumulated what they possess of this world's goods through their own persever- ance and energy, and not as the recipients of any legacy, may be mentioned the name of the S'lbject of this notice. He is a farmer and stock- raiser by vocation, and is engaged in the prosecution of the same on his fine farm on section 17, Orange Township. Mr. Eiker was born in Adams County, Pa , Jan. 24, 1833, and is the son of John and Charlotte (Myers) Eiker, natives of Frederick County, Md. John Eiker was a miller by trade and also followed the noble calling of a farmer. He was born Feb. i, 1795, and emigrated to this State in 1852, making the trip overland with teams. The first two years he followed farming, after which, in company with his son, David M., he purchased a flouring-mill of Charles & Small, of Knoxville, and they operated the same until 1864. Previous to that date, how- ever, in 1853, he entered a tract of land in Iowa, and in 1864, after disposing of his interest in the mill, he, in company with his wife, three daughters and one son, together with a granddaughter, moved there and labored until his death, which occurred there in 1875. The demise of his wife took place during the same year. John C. Eiker formed a matrimonial alliance with Sarah A. Armstrong, March 4, 1858. She is tlie daughter of Isaac and Mary (Campbell) Armstrong, and was born in Adams County, Pa., March 20, 1825. Her parents were both natives of that State and were reared in Adams County. Her father, in his younger days, was a miller by trade, but subse- quently followed farming. Both heads of the family are deceased, the father dying in June, 1877, and the mother in May, 1878, both in the vicinity of Knoxville, this county. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Eiker has been blest by the birth of six children, who were named as fol- lows : Calvin A., born Dec. 23, 1858, is a farmer and married Sallie Stafford and is living in Hamilton County, Iowa; Edith M. was born Dec. 5, i860; Blanche, Feb. 4, 1862, and is the wife of A. R. Green, a resident of Galesburg ; Elmer Grant was born Dec. 24, 1864; Ix)ttie, June 14, 1868; Roy L., Nov. 3, 1875. Mr. Eiker, although a gentleman never seeking office, has been Supervisor of his township for three terms and held several other minor offices. He has been President of the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company of this county since 1875. His fine farm comprises 180 acres of land on sections 17 and 18, Orange Township, all of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. On the place is a comfortable two-story frame dwelling, together with a good barn and substantial out-buildings, and in his chosen vo- cation he is meeting with that success which perse- verance, energy and good judgment are sure to bring. He and his wife are members of the Presby- terian Church, and in ultimately led to his success in busmess. In this position he held his own, and worked untiringly until the year 1852, when he en- tered upon purely agricultural pursuits in Franklin County, up to 1854, when he first came to Knox County, and settled in Knoxville, where in the course of the first year he purchased the Knoxville City 4 ±^ 686 KNOX COUNTY. Mills. _For more than 27 years he operated these mills with decided success, and finally sold out in 1881. Feelnig that he was in a position to retire, he re- solved on his present mode of life, investing, how- ever, in lands situated in Decatur and Hamilton Counties, Iowa. Much of his time is given to im- provement of liis Iowa lands, while his home and private interests occupy much of his attention. On Oct. I, 1850, he married Helen Jacobs, this lady being a daughter of George and Susan (Bell) Jacobs. His wife, a lady of excellent qualities, was born in Washington County, Md., Nov. 17, 1826. Of this marriage there were five children, of whom one, Nellie, survives. He gave his daughter the ben- efit of a good education. Mr. and Mrs. Eiker are among the foremost members of the Presbyterian Church, where their presence and influence are reg- ularly felt. In the old school of politics Mr. Eiker was of the Whig persuasion, the principles of which he has warmly advocated in times gone, as he is steadfast in his Republican ideas to-day. The party find in their sujiport a man worthy of their trust, and always ready to lend a helping hand in directing Republican politics. For many years he has been a member of ihe City Council, and on the Board of Supervisors, and is representative of both strength in action and efficiency in the accomplishment of measures. .^I^^Wustin Smith. Among the prosperous farm- If ers of this county is the subject of this ""^^ notice, residing on section 26, Lynn Town- ship. There on his fine farm he is passing the afternoon of life surrounded by a happy family and meeting with success in the prosecution of his chosen vocation. Mr. Smith was born in Cort- land County, N. Y., Oct. 16, 1823. The father of our subject, William Smith, was a native of Schoharie County, N. Y., a farmer by occu- pation, and resided in Cortland County. He was one of the elder children of Robert Smith, who was born, reared and married near Leeds, England. SI\ortly after marriage the grandfather and his bride set out for the United States, landnig in York Stale, and settling near Albany about the time of the com- mencement of the Revolutionary War. He enlisted.. on the side of the colonists, and was engaged in fighting for their rights for seven years, or until the close of the war. He escaped from the contest un- hurt, and received an honorable discharge. By vir- tue of his services he was entitled to a quarter-section of government land, which he located in Freetown Township, Cortland Co., N. Y. On this tract of land the grandfather settled with his family, and was occupied in its improvement and cultivation for awhile, when he removed into an adjoining township, and there followed his vocation until his demise, being at that time a little more than 80 years of age. His wife, Grace Braithwait, died at the same place some few years later, and at the time of her demise was about the same age as her husband. William Smith, the father of our subject, was one of eight children, five sons and three daughters, born to his parents, and was a native of Schoharie County, N. Y. He removed with his parents to Cortland County, that State, and was there reared to the hon- orable calling of a farmer, and there married Miss Lorinda Badger, a native of that State, and who was the oldest of her father's family. William Smith after marriage continued in his vocation in Cortland County, and there to himself and wife were born ten children, seven sons and three daughters. In 1844 the parents, together with their eight children, two ' having died in Cortland County, came to this State and county, and located on an unimproved tract of land on section 27, Lynn Township. Here the father entered upon the labor of improving a wild tract of land, and here lived until his demise in Feb- ruary, 1880, aged 92 years. He was an active mem- ber of the Baptist Church. His good wife, mother of our subject, is yet living, and resides with her youngest son, H. P. Smith, in Lynn Township, and is aged 96 years, and probably the oldest lady in the county. She was born Dec. 15, 1790, and is as act- ive as many 25 years her junior. After Austin Smith had accompanied his parents to this county, he still continued to reside with them for two years, assisting by his labors in the mainten- ance of the family. He was married in Toulon, Stark County, this State, Jan. 10, 1855, to Miss Sarah McNaught, daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Custard) McNaught, natives of Pennsylvania. Her parents were married near Pittsburg, Pa., and after the birth of four children in that State, they removed to Rich- land County, Ohio, and subsequently six additional "v *r ^H^ » T a- ^iVCX COUNTY. 687 children were born to them, Mrs. Smith being the youngest but one. Of the children of Mrs. Smith's parents, five are yet living, and one beside Mrs. Smith is a resident of this State. Mrs. Smith was about six years of age when her parents came to this county and settled in Lynn Township. There her father died, Nov. 23, 1857, and her mother in Stark County, Dec. •Si '873. Her father was a carpenter and cabinet- maker by trade. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Smith seven chil- dren have been born, three of whom are deceased. May C. is a graduate in dentistry, having received her honors at Ann Arbor, and is at present following her profession in Minneapolis, Minn. Ruth B, was edu- cated at Galva and Geneseo, and is a teacher in the public schools. A. Furn resides at home, as does Charles A. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have resided on their present farm, which comprises 120 acres of good and productive land, since 1857,3 period of nearly 30 years, and have met with success in their united labor. She and her eldest daughter are members of the Christian Church. In politics, Mr. Smith was !■ formerly a Democrat, but since the Prohibition party has sprung into existence he has been an earnest advocate of its principles. -^-*-S -1--^ fhomas L. Gilbert, who was born March 17, 1 830, and « hose business as a lumber dealer has so successfully increased within recent '■'^S^ date is a gentleman of whom it may be truly (^ said that perseverance and rectitude will lead 1 to any position to which one may aim. The father of Mr. Gilbert was a farmer in Knox County, and originally a native of New Lebanon, Columbia Co., Conn., wliere he was born Oct. 26, 1788. He was the son of Thomas and Zelpha (Fellows) Gil- bert. Thomas Gilbert was born atMiddletown.Conn., April I, 1752, the birthday of his wife Zelpha being May 19. 1755. He was a soldier in the Revolution- ary War, under Wasliington's command, a position in which his valor won him distinction. Karly in his life he removed 10 Oneida County, N. Y., where he was considered one of the earliest pioneers. Here he purchased land five miles from the present site of Rome. Seeing the necessity in this part of the coun- try for a good hotel, he opened his house to the trav- eling public, and in this calling remained until his death, Aug. 15, 1818, his wife having died fouryears previously. The father of our subject was six years old when he went to Oneida County with his parents, and there grew to manhood. From here he jjroceeded to Ogdensburg, and engaged in mercantile business, and while prosecuting this calling enlisted in the War of 1812 in defense of the city. During the capture of the place by the British, he was wounded in the foot and the musket ball fired is still in the possession of the family. At the close of the War of 1812, he went to Mackinaw and to the headwaters of the Missis- sippi River, to participate in the Indian trade being then carried on there. This was about the date of his father's death, and after tliis he returned to Oneida County and settled on the old homestead, managing the farm and hotel. The marriage of Thomas Gilbert with Annis Dib- ble occurred Dec. 4, 1807. She was a native of Stanford, Dutchess Co., N. Y.. born Feb. 23, 1801, and was the daughter of Thomas and Rachel (Mitch- ell) Dibble, her father being a native of Long Island and her mother of Connecticut. They occupied the old homestead until December, 1833, when they re- moved to the Wright settlement, two miles from Rome. Leaving his family here, in 1833, he started west- ward in search of a home, coming via canal and the lakes a part of the way, then purchasing a horse and riding and exploring the country while in the saddle. In the fall he returned with stock, and in the spring of 1835 was appointed one of the committee to seek a location for a colony. His assistants were Nehe- miah West and Tim-Jthy Jarvis. They visited Knox County, and Mr. Gilbert bought a claim on section 5, township 10, range 2 (now Orange). His assist- ants were far from pleased with the county and ac- cordingly re|X)rted adversely. On this account Mr. Gilbert did not return with them, but soon after re- traced his steps and gave an excellent account of K.UOX County, reporting that he had purchased a claim and entered upon a half-section of land. On making it known that it was his intention to settle here, and on his representation, the colony sent their purchasing agent out to buy the present site of (.Jales- burg Township. Mr Gilbert of this sketch has still in his possession the letter of instructions in regard M 688 KNOX COUNTY. k^ to the site the committee were recommended to select. In this there is a minute description of a desirable location, the document being carried by his father on the trip westward. In the fall of the year Mr. Gilbert started with his wife and four children, trav- eling via the Erie Canal to Buffalo, then to Cleve- land via the lakes, and thence by canal to Ports- mouth and by the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois Rivers to Copperas Creek Landing. Here, hiring a team, he proceeded to Knox Township and staid for a short time in Knoxville, until he could put a roof over his cabin and put in a puncheon floor and chink in with clay, as was then the method. He entered this land in the Land-Office at Dixon, the only great central place in those days. Soon he im- proved his farm and erected a brick house and de- termined to remain there until 1865, when he re moved to Knoxville, where he purchased land and a very desirable residence, which he retained up to the date of his death, Feb. 16, 1872. He was Super- ■ visor of Orange Township, a post he admirably filled, and himself, wife and children were members of the Presbyterian Church. His widow still resides in >* Knoxville. By the mirriage referred to there were six children born, four of whom are now living — Mary, who is the wife of A. C. Cliaffee; Thomas L., the subject of this sketch ; Zenana, a maiden lady residing with her mother, and Jane, wife of S. H. Tompkins. In politics Mr. Gilbert, the subject of our sketch, is a Republican ; he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. When he first came to the county he was only in his fifth year, and not far in advance of this tender age assisted his parents on the farm and attended the public school. Up to the date of his marriage he made his home with his parents, this latter event occurring April 24, 1856, his wife being Harriet Hebard. This lady was the daughter of Benj.imin and Eliza (Clisby) Hebard, and a native of Ohio. The only child of Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert, a daughter, Eflfie, resides with her parents. At the date of his marriage he settled on a farm then included in section 8 of Orange Township, and fol- lowed farming until the spring of 1866, when he rented his farm and removed to Knoxville, where he engaged in the grocery and live-stock business, and was thus occupied until 1 868, when he sold out and bought a half interest in a hardware store, which re- ceived his attention until 1871, when he disposed of his inteiest therein. In 1873 Mr. Gilbert became engaged in the lumber business, to which he has since devoted his attention with the exception of one and a half years. C. Brooks is one of Knox County's promi- nent farmers, residing on section 3, Victo- ria Township. He was born in Ohio, Feb. 1834, and his parents were Solomon and Mary (CoUamar) Brooks, natives of Lincoln County, Maine. The grandparents of our subject were David and Thankful (CoUamar) Brooks, natives of the Pine Tree State. They trace their ancestry back to the English. The grandfather of our subject came to Ohio at a very early day. He was born July 27, 1772, and died in the State of Ohio, Jan. 24, 1831. His \vife was born April 17, 1771, and her demise occurred in Victoria Township, 111., Aug. 13, 1837. Solomon Brooks, father of our subject, was mar- ried Jan. 24, 1825. Three years later he removed to the State of Ohio, where he resided for nine , years, and in 1837 came to Knox County, where he passed the remainder of his days. The mother of our subject was born Jan. 18, 1800, in Lincoln County, Maine, and after 48 years of married life she and her husband were compelled by death to part company for a season, his demise occurring March 20, 1873, the faithful wife following Dec. 29, 1 88s. Solomon Brooks was born May 13, r8o3, and on coming to Illinois settled on section 3, Victoria Town- ship, where he purchased 240 acres. This he im- proved and beautified, making his home there until his death. The family consisted of seven children, four of whom are living, namely : Caleb, Frances, Thomas C. and Sarah F., now Mrs. CoUinson. Caleb, who was born Nov. 19, 1827, resides in Webster County, Iowa; Frances, born Aug. 26, 1831, is a resident in Henry County, 111. ; Thomas C, born Feb. 5. 1834, resides in Victoria Township; Sarah F., born July 16, 1839, resides at Walnut Grove, 111. The subject of this notice has always remained upon the old homestead, and is now the possessor of 293 acres of fine farm land, and is engaged in grain and stock raising. August 27, 1868, he was married to Miss Sarah Murphy, who was born April -^^ LIBRARY OF THE L.;iVERSITY OF ILU^'; LIBRARy OF THE L.^iVERSITY OF ILL!N:'3 u KNOX COUNTY. 693 9, 1850. Her parents were John and Martha (Hes- ter) Murphy, natives of Richland and Chnton Coun- ties, Ohio. The father was born May 25, 1816, and the mother April 10, 18 18. They came to Illinois about the year 1845, and are at present residing in Victoria Township. There were eight children. The family on the father's side was of Scoich-Irish an- cestry. Our suliject and wife have been blest by the birth of four children — John H., born Sept. 10, 1869 ; Lucy B., March 12, 1875, and EldoM., May 25, 1883 ; David Harrison died April 5, 1882. Mr. Brooks is a stanch Republican, and has held the office of Pathmaster of his township. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Stark Lodge, No. 501, La Fayette, and the I. O. O. F. at La Fayette, Lodge No. 657, also Galva Camp, No. 174. The parents of Mr. Brooks were Free-Will Baptists, and in politics he was an old-line Whig, and latterly a Republican. Mr. Brooks, during the war, enlisted in Co. F, 83d Regt. 111. Vol. Inf., but was soon rafter discharged for disability. enry Ferris, now a retired capitalist, was the first one of the settlers in the Galesburg Colony. Mr. Ferris was born in Herki- mer County, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1809. His father was Sylvanus Ferris, and his mother a Miss Sallie Olmsted. They were united in mar- riage ill Connecticut, and moved at once to Norway, in the above-named county, and while living in that State they had a family of seven sons and three daughters born to them. Henry, our subject, was his parents' sixth child in order of birth, and was brought up on the farm, and at the district schools acquired the rudiments of an English education, with one year at Oneida Institute, N. Y. ; one year in an academy, where he studied languages, and one year at Marion College, Ma- rion County, Mo. In 1 833 he emigrated to Mis- souri ; was there two years and came to Knox County, Galesburg, in 1835. His father there made an entry of some lands and was a member of the Galesburg Colony, and was one of the purchasing committee. Upon the grounds now occupied by the Female Department of Knox College, and south be- yond the present depot grounds, young Ferris first broke prairie. He quitted the vocation of an agri- culturist in 1857, and engaged in the lumber bus- iness, which he followed for a few years only, and then returned again to his old occupation of farming. It is on record that he tried his hand awhile at mer- cantile business, but for a short time only, as he found it unprofitable. Farming appears to have been his favorite pursuit, and at this he has been ex- tremely successful. He was one of the first men to agitate the construction of what took form as the Military Tract Railroad, and to it subscribed the first Si,ooo, soon after increasing his subscription to $10- 000 ; and tiis father and brother-in-law each took Sio.ooo, making in all Sjo.ooo '" 'he family. He is the owner of and has in his possession one of the first certificates of stock issued by the company. As it is probably the only one in existence, we give a copy of it in full. It is a printed form, written in with pen and ink, upon a piece of common writing paper 2}4 -^ aVx inches in size : "Centr.\l Military Tr.\ct R.\ilroad Company, Galesburg, April 12, 185 1. " This is to certify that Henry Ferris is the holder of ten shares to the capital stock of Central Military Tract Railroad Company, and that ten dollars on each has been paid. (Signed) " VV. A. Wood, Sec." "No. 26, N. B. — This certificate transferable en books of the company." In this connection we will simply add that Mr. Ferris from the beginning was jxjssessed of wisdom and foresight enough to hold onto all the railroad stock that came into his hands, and the large revenue derived therefrom has had much to do in making him one of the wealthiest men of the community. Aug. 31, 1836, in a little, old log cabin, at Hen- derson Grove, the first marriage ceremony occurring in the Galesburg Colony was performed, and the contracUng parlies were Henry Ferris and Elizabeth Hudson. Miss Hudson was a native of New Hamp- shire, and came West with Nehemiah West's family as a school teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Ferris have be- come the parents of seven children, of whom we have the following memoranda: The oldest, Alfred G., was born Nov. 17, 1837, grew to manhood, emi- grated to Nevada and has not been heard from for 20 j years; Harriet M. (Mrs. Charies A. McLaughlin), i born Dec. ii, 1839; Ella G. (Mrs. Frank Arnold), «■■ ■^4^ +H 694 KNOX COUNTY. Nov. 29, 1842; Timothy H., born Nov. 27, 1845, married Mary Drew; Henry B., born Sept. 29, 1848, is deceased ; Caroline E., born June 1 8, 185 i, is also deceased; Lillie C. (Mrs. George Prince), born April 13, 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Ferris are members of the " Old First Church," the Congregational. During all his life Mr. Ferris has never held or sought office. He boasts of having voted for every Abolition candidate for the Presidency from James (Sillespie Birney down to James Gillespie Blaine. The portraits of Mr. Ferris and wife will be seen elsewhere in our Album, and will be recognized by friends and neighbors with pleasure. For years the genial light of his countenance has beamed upon them, and the volume would be indeed incomplete without their pleasant faces and personal history. 1^ p^dwin ]:.aflFerty. Throughout this county I the observing traveler cannot fail to note ^*^^ the large number of fine and productive ^ farms with their substantial improveuients, where live men ot enterprise, industry and I economy, whose interests have been long identi- fied with the prosperity and development of the county. Affong the class referred to is the subject of this notice, residing on section 13, of Victoria Township, who has lived here all the days of his life, having first seen light within its boundaries Sept. 4, 1842. His parents were John and Sallie (Slocomb) Laf- ferty. They were natives of Ashland Co., Ohio, and came to IlHnois, settling in Lynn Township, Knox County, at an early day. He was one of the first settlers on section 36, where he purchased the sec- lion, on which he built a log cabin 16x28, and made all necessary and desirable improvements, and where he remained until his death in 1867. The mother still survives and is spending the sunset of her life on the homestead. They had a family of eight children, six of whom still survive and who are named as follows: Euphemia, Eleazar, Edwin, Rosa, Ophelia and John. The subject of this sketch remained at home until he was 19 years of age, receiving a good common- school education and at intervals assisting his father on the farm. Upon leaving home, our subject's father presented him with 80 acres of land, upon which he at present resides, having improved the same by setting out various kinds of trees and build- ing good and substantial fences. Here he has suc- cessfully carried on the raising of cereals and stock. Mr. Lafferty was united in marriage Feb. 28, 1861, with Miss Margaret Johnson, daughter of Joseph and Margaret Johnson, natives of Sweden, who came to America in 1846 and settled in Victoria Town- ship, on section 16, where they purchased 40 acres of prime land, and there continued to reside until his demise, which occurred in the same year of their settlement here. The mother died in 1S63. Their children were seven in number — Christina, Peter, Jonas, William, Andrew, Margaret, who became Mrs. Lafferty, and George. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Lafferty, six children been born : Sarah, who became Mrs. Wilber, and bore her husband two children — Arthur and Susan B. ; Wealthy Lafferty married a Mr. Grant, . and the remaining children are Nellie, Huldah, Hat- lie and Edna R. Mr. Lafferty is a Republican in politics, is Path- master in his township and one of the representa- tive citizens of the agricultural class of Victoria Township. -^ : \ Cj^ \ \ ^^ roward P. Grant, present Supervisor of Lynn Township, and one of Knox County's respected and honored citizens, as well as a successful farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Peoria County, III, Aug. 26, 1 835 . His father, Nelson Grant, was also a farmer by vocation, and born, reared and married in New York. Shortly after the father's marriage he came to this State and located in Peoria County, and at that time was one of the early pioneers on La Salle Prairie, where he located. The father of our subject, when he arrived in Peo- ria County, had but $1.50 in money, and gave that to a gentleman to take him 12 miles into the country. It was shortly after the parents arrived there that the subject of this notice was born. They soon left there and came to this county, making settlement in Lynn Township They afterward moved to Mis- souri, where they resided for some lime, and are at t ■Hr :^J^ KNOX COUNTY. 69s present living in La Fayette, Stark County, 111., where they are passing the sunset of life in peace and quiet, enjoying the accumulations of the past. They have been man and wife for 5 i years, and have left an honorable record for their children to pattern after. The mother's maiden name was Polly Chat- field, and she was born and reared in Rochester, N. Y., living there until she attained womanhood, and, as stated, was there married. She bore her husband eight childien, five sons and three daughters ; and one of the former is deceased. The remaining chil- dren ^re all married and settled down in life. Mr. Grant, of this notice, received his education in the common schools of Stark County, and was an inmate of the paternal household until 1 7 winters of his life had passed. He was united in marriage at Toulon, 111., with Lucy, daughter of Birdsey and Clarissa (Wilcox) Norton. Her parents were natives of Connecticut and were married in New York, where Mrs. Grant of this notice was born, June 11, 1837, f being the only child bom of her parents' union. Her I parents had both been previously married and had children by their former unions. The father of Mrs. Grant was a carpenter by trade and died in Connect- icut, when Mrs. Grant was but 1 1 years of age. His widow afterward came to this State, locating in Stark County, in 1855, whither her daughter, Mrs. Grant, had preceded her in 1853, and where, in Goshen Township, the mother died June 15, i86i,aged a little more than 70 years. Mrs. Grant had come to this State and located in Stark County with a half brother, with whom she continued to reside until her marriage, being occupied in the meanwnile, a portion of her time, in teaching school in Henry and Knox Counties. Mr. and Mrs. Grant have seven children : F. Ellen is the wife of John Reed, a farmer of Victoria Township; .\rthur N. married Wealthy Laflferty, and is a fanner of Lynn Township. Jessie I., Fred I., Maude, N. Birdsey and Harold reside at home Shortly after marriage Mr. and Mrs. Grant located in this county, and some three years afterward be- came permanent settlers of Lynn Township. Mr. Grant is at this writing proprietor of a fine farm of 200 acres of rich and productive land. When he first made his location on his present farm, his means only footed up S.S°°- The first day he began to plow one of his horses died, which made him still poorer; but he was not the man to become discouraged, and kept on in the even tenor of his way, working hard and economizing, and the fruits of his success are shown in the fine place on which he lives at the piesent time. It is true that our subject is a self- made man in every sense. He began life with noth- ing and has accumulated a handsome competency through his own energy and perseverance, and on his fine farm, surrounded by his happy family, he is enjoying life, as well he may. Mr. Grant was .Assess- or of his township and also Collector and Road Com- missioner. In 1885 he was elected Supervisor of Lynn Township, of which office he is the present in- cumbent. In politics he is a stanch Republican. 'H'M nson Sornborger is one of the representa- tive citizens and progressive fanners of Knox County. His home is located on section ri, Copley Township. He was born April 24, 1817, in Delaware County, N. Y., and his parents were George ami Katie (Wol- cott) Sornborger, natives of New York. They were farmers by occupation and had a family of 13 chil- «^ dren, of whom the subject of our sketch was the youngest. His father was a teamster in the Revo- lutionary War, who came from his home to Illinois . in 1838, and settled at Victoria with his family. Anson Sornborger took up 63 acres of land on section ir, in Copley Township, which he improved, by fencing, building a log house, setting out trees, etc., and in this pleasant little home, cozy notwith- standing its inconveniences, they lived until 1850. At that time he sold out and purchased the place where he now lives, including 160 acres prairie and 40 acres timber. On the 160 acres he has made all the improvements possible and values his land at 365 per acre. His parents made their home with him up to the time of their deaths, which occurred in 1 84 1 and 1846 respectively. He has been more than successful in his chosen field of labor, and has a branch interest in the raising and shipping of stock. Mr. Sornborger was united in marriage in 1840 with Miss Catherine Wilbur, who was born in Coo- perstown, N. Y., in 1814, and is the daughter of John and Dorothy (Frymyer) Wilbur. Her parents were natives of New York and lived in that State up to the lime of their death. Mr. and Mrs. Sornborger 4^ ■4- 696 KNOX COUNTY. *--H^ are the parents of ten cliildren, fourof whom are de- ceased : George M., Charles D., Ford W., Alexan- der, Cass and Loue E. Those deceased are Willie, Clare, Henry and Jordan. George M. is the husband of Frances Sydam, and they have seven children — Clarence, George A., Loleite, Mary, Claude, Floyd and Grace. Charles married Marion Clarke, and they are the parents of two children— Clifford and Clyde; Mrs. Sornborger died in 1879, and her husband remarried. His sec- ond matrimonial alliance was with Irene Brown. Henry was the husband of Emily Files, but died in 1870. Jordan united in marriage with Hannah Woolsey and they were the parents of two children —Minerva C. and Harold J.; Jordan died in May, 1878. Ford W. married Viola Abernathy; she is deceased and he was again married, to Viola Childs, who has borne him two children — Bertha and Ella A. Alexander married Frances Clarke and they have two children — Lillias A. and Susie M. Cass mar- ried Isabelle Cummings ; they have one child. Mr. Sornborger is a Greenbacker in politics and '.has been Commissioner of Highways and Overseer ' of the Poor for some time. With his wife and daugh- ter he is an earnest member of the Congregational Church of Victoria, and is one of the best and most helpful men that the county contains. ■w^A-vvtac^/©-^^! v^%,'!nnrfv."!jyy\r. javid T. Kennedy, son of Andrew J. ajto and Catherine (Raney) Kennedy, and a farmer, residing on section 7, Rio Town- ship, is the subject of this historical sketch, -(K and is known and respected for his persevering industry and the unflagging zeal and energy with which he carries on his chosen vocation, that of a farmer. The subject herein written of was born in Orange Township, Knox County, May 4, 1858, and was reared to manhood by his parents, receiving the ad- vantages that were to be acquired from the common schools of his county. He grew up familiar with no other home than this immediate section of country, in which he knows every rock and rill, every dale and running brook. He was trained to follow the calling of his father, and Sept. 16, 1880, he engaged, as assistant. Miss Lillie Nicholson, daughter of Solomon and Rachel (Wood) Nicholson. They were united in marriage in Lincoln, Neb., and immediately began the erec- tion of a pleasant little home. Having " hung the crane," they were initiated into the mysteries of house and home keeping, and, bending their united energies toward achieving prosperity, they can hardly fail to gain the goal for which they toil. Mrs. Ken- nedy was born in Fall River, Wis., Dec. 2, 1861, and is the mother of two children — Herman E. and Leroy E. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and is also an Odd Fellow. In politics he is identified with the Republican party. Both he and his wife are popular with the young people of their section, who always find a cordial welcome awaiting them within the home of Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy. L. Hedstrom. Every community is de- pendent upon the go-ahead and enterpris- ing men, who are chiefly instrumental in building up and finally securing its prosperity. Distinguished among this class of citizens isV Mr. Hedstrom, residingon section 18, Victoria Township. He was born in Victoria village, Aug. 23, 1853. His parents, Jonas and Diantha (Sorn- borger)Hedstrom, were natives respectively of Sweden and New York State. The elder Hedstrom was born in 1812, married Aug. 17, 1839, and died in May, 1859, being at the date of his demise 47 years of age. The mother was also born in 1812, and died July 6, 1874. The parental family consisted of five chil- dren, three of whom are living — Almina, who mar- ried C. S.Clark; Jane, now Mrs. F. Becker; and George L. Jonas J. Hedstrom, father of our subject, emigrated to the New World when a young man. He was a minister of the Gospel and established the First Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church in Galesburg, in the year 1852, and also one in Victoria two years previously. The parents came to Illinois in 1835, and for four years were residents of Farming- ton, Fulton County, where the father engaged in blacksmithing. In 1843 the family removed to Knox (bounty, where they secured 60 acres of land on sec- tion 18, and with the aid of others laid out the vil- lage of Victoria in 1849, one-third of this being on his estate. He also followed blacksmithing for a i^ KNOX COUNTY. 697 number of years in Victoria, and was ordained minis- ter about 1S40. He was a prominent man and was loved by all who knew him. G. L. Hedstrom, of this notice, has always re- ' mained at home, receiving a good common-school education and following the pursuit of agriculture. His farm comprises 62 acres, lying beside the village plat. He is also engaged quite extensively in the breeding of stock. He was married to Miss Emma Tripp Oct. 14, 1875. Slie is the daughter of David and Elizabeth (Sydam) Tripp, natives of New York. Her parents' family numbered five children, two of whom are living— Emma L., wife of our subject, and Luella, now Mrs. Van Buren. The father of Mrs. Hedstrom died in 1881. Her mother is still Uviug in Victoria village. Horace J. and Ava are the names of the children born to our subject and wife. Politically Mr. H. is a Democrat, and he has held the office of School Di- rector. Since removing to his farm he has improved it by the erection of numerous and substantial farm- buildings, and is one of the substantial and thrifty farmers of Victoria Township. ^^^^lex. Henderson. Conspicuous among the leading farmers and the more influential residents of Knox County may be named ^^ the subject of this historical narration, one of JT^ the most enterprising business men and able J financiers in that section of country. Mr. Henderson came to Knox County in the spring of 1883 from Henry County, and settled in Rio Township, bu)-ing 160 acres, where he now resides. He was born in Fayette County, Pa., July 2, 1846, and removed to Henry County at the age of 30, ar- riving there in the fall of 1876. In that county he has lived ever since, with the exception of eight months which he spent in Mercer County, until the date of his coming to Knox County. Mr. Henderson was united in marriage Dec. 7, 1876, to Sarah A. White, daughter of Thomas and Almira (Hamilton) White. Her father was a native of England, but Mrs. H. was born in Henry County, Jan.' 15, i860. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson are the parents of two children — Mar)- E. and Flora E. In the spring of 1885 Mr. Henderson was elected Assessor of Rio Township. Mrs. Henderson is a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church, and a most estimable Christian lady, whose gentleness and large sympathies win her many friends. Mr. H. is a young man of good judgment, is wide-awake to the (XDlitical interests of the country, and is in voice and vote a Republican. j 'm 'E^Sreonard B. Brown. This gentleman was \ LteJ"^ '^"^ of '1^^ "^°*' highly respected citizens of '•ijj^ Walnut Grove Township. He was for. merly a resident on section 13, in Walnut Grove Township, where his widow now lives. Mr. Brown was born in Cheshire County, N. H., Dec. 6, 1825. His fatlier. Squire Brown, was a farm- er and a native of the same State, and of New En- gland ancestry. Here he lived and died. Leonard B. Brown was the only child of his parent-;. His mother's maiden name was Irene Blanchard ; she was a Vermont lady, of New England parentage, who lived and married in her native State. Subse- quently she went to New Hampshire, but returned to Vermont, where she died in June, 1875. Mr. Brown's early education was obtained in the State of his nativity, where he lived up to the date of his arrival in Illinois, in 1855. He had prior to this time lived in Boston, and in 1849 went from there to California. He was 205 days making the trip via Cape Horn, and remained there two years, when he returned to Boston. He located in this township, purchasing his first land in January, 1858, which embraced 160 acres on section 13, and is now the home of his wife. This was worked into a high state of cultivation from the rough, unbroken prairie. The residence and buildings on the farm are well erected and desirably situated. He married at the home of his bride's uncle, k. W. Buckley, on June I. 1856, in Copley Township. His bride was Miss Isabel Williams, born Feb 11, 1858, at Rahway, N. J. She was the daughter of Elijah and Sarah M. (Couenhoven) Williams, natives of New York City, where they were brought up and educated. The father was of English and the mother of Dutch pa- rentage. Soon after their marriage they proceeded to New Jersey, and after the birth of their daughter, the present Mrs. Brown, they returned again to New York City, where they remaiiied until this lady t -H^ 698 KNOX COUNTY. reached her i6th year, when, in 1854, the whole fam- ily, with the exception of two sons, came to Illinois and took up their abode in Copley Township. They subsequently went to Altona, where the mother died Sept. 7, 1862. The father afterward lived with the daughter, Mrs. Brown, up to his death, Jan. 16, 1870. After Mr. Brown's marriage he at once set- tled in the home where his widow now resides. This good gentleman's demise took place April 24, 1880. Mr. Brown was held in the highest esteem by those in his township who had the good fortune to be thoroughly acquainted with his nobility of nature. He was an excellent and loving husband, whose death caused a severe blank in one of the happiest of homes. Mrs. Brown is the mother of 11 interest- ing children, four of whom are dead. The list is as follows : Irena A. is the wife of Charles D. Sorn- borger, now residing on her husband's farm in Vic- toria Township; Sarah M., who died at the age of three years ; Mary F., residing at home ; George L., who now resides in Nebraska, and follows the occupation of farmer; Hattie B., residing at home; Elbridge Ingalls, deceased; Sumner B , Horatio ' Seymour, Ira L., Nellie O., deceased, and Squire W. All these children were educated at the public schools and show the thorough training of the careful mother and father. Mr. B., in politics, was a Democrat in good stand- ing and a strongsupporter of the principles held most dear by that party. He was a member of Altona Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Altona, III. The publishers of this Album take pleasure in presenting a view of the comfortable homestead founded by the excellent man and citizen whose name stands at the head of this brief history. -^ #^ ^ ^^^f G. LaflFerty, of the firm of Lass, Larson ^!^H.i<" '^ Lafferty, wall- paper merchants, hang- liW' ^'■^ ^""^ decorators, of Galesburg, III., was %W born at Ottawa, 111., Nov. 25, 1850. His par- ]C^ ents, James and Mary (Bassnette) Lafferty, 1 natives respectively of Ireland and England, reared two sons and five daughters, J. G. being the eldest of the sons. He was taught at the public schools of his native place, where he also learned the trade of a paper-hanger and painter, at each of which he early became recognized as quite skillful, if not an expert. He came to Galesburg in 1876, and in 1884 be- came a member of the present firm. He was mar- ried at Lewistown, Fulton Co., 111., in May, 1883, to Miss Mary Shugart, a native of Ohio. Ikamuel G. Jarvis is of more than ordinary reputation as a farmer, and is a resident on ■'^IK-*' ''^ section 8, Victoria Township. He was born vIn ^^^- 5' '^^^' '" ^"^°^'' County, Long Island, !]{ and is the son of Jonas and Mary A. (Gould) I Jarvis, also natives of Long Island, where the the father died when our subject was a lad of S'x years. The mother still survives and came to Illi- nois in 1865, and one year later to Knox County. At Victoria village, in 1869, the mother of our subject was again married, this time to Moses Robinson. Samuel G. is the only surviving member of his parents' family of four children. He remained at home until 16 years of age, when he went to live with W an uncle, remaining with him for two years. Subse- quently he learned the carpenter's trade in New York City, followed the same in New York State until 1855, the date of his removal to Illinois and to Knox County. Here he followed the same business until his enlistment in October, 1862, in the 9th 111. Cav., and was in the service until October of the fol- lowing year. He was on detached service most of the time, but being confined in the hospital at Keo- kuk, Iowa, for six months, from August, 1862, until July, 1863, he was then sent to his regiment and re- ceived an honorable discharge Oct. 12, 1863. Re- turning to Illinois, he re-engaged at his trade, which he followed until 1870. At Galva he embarked in the retail grocery business, which he" carried on for seven years, at which time he lost his entire stock by fire. Subsequent to that disaster he was chosen Marshal of the city of Galva for one year. He then settled in Victoria Township, where he purchased the place where he at present resides and which con- tains 160 acres. Mr. Jarvis has a finely improved farm and is chiefly interested in raising grain. He values his land at $50 per acre. Miss Mary E. Dean was the maiden name of the wife of our subject, to whom he was married in 1857. ■4" JU KNOX COUNTY. 699 She is a daughter ot David D. and Mary A (Smith) Dean, natives of the Empire State. Her father died the year of their removal to Oliio (1S37). Her mother was again married to a gentleman by the name of Na- thaniel Marshall. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. M. removed to Winnebago County, 111., and thence, in 1853, to Knox County. They resided in Victoria until their deaths, in 1868 and 1867 resi>ectively. Mr. and Mrs. Jarvis are the parents of three chil- dren — Fannie, Jennie and Hattie. Our subject is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, which he joined in 1S65, at .-Mtona, and afterward affiliated with the lodge at Galva, in 1869, and in which he was Worshipful Master for four years, then dimitted and in March, 187 i, connected himself with the Al- tona Lodge. In January-, 1883, he was elected Wor- shipful Master of Altona Lodge, and in July, 1874, took capitular degrees in Kewanee Chapter. In 1883 he was created Knight Templar in Galesburg Commandery, No. 8. He is also a member of the G. A. R. Mr. J. votes for the Republican ticket, and together with his wife and daughter, Fannie, attends worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our J^ subject has served his community in the capacity of School Director. K liver Norval. N'ote worthy a:nong the sub- stantial citizens and men of industry of Fulton County, and who is identified with it as one active in all enterprises calculated to advance and benefit the county, is the subject I of this notice. He is engaged in the occupa- tion of a farmer, and largely interested in the grow- ing and breeding of stock, Short-horn cattle being among the better grades. His present homestead is on section i, in Young Hickory Township, and its attractive and pleasant appearance indicates that good fortune has smiled ujxjn his efforts. Oliver Norval was born in North Carolina, Feb. 26, 1807, and came to Illinois April 26, 1836, locat- ing in Knox County. There he remained for one year, then moved across the line to Fulton County, his present home. His marriage, which was cele- brated with Miss PoUie Dunn, a native of North Carolina, Feb. 15, 1829, was blest witti seven chil- dren, as follows : Charity, Betsy A., James H., John H., Cornelius, Drusilla, and Oliver, who died in in- fancy. Mrs. Norval was born in 1809, and died May 29, 1842, in early womanhood, departing this life at the early age of 33. His second matrimonial connection was with Mar)' J. Sampson, a rrative of Maryland, and was cele- brated Feb. 29, 1844. She came with her parents to Illinois in 1835, at the age of 11, the date of her birth being Nov. 14, 1824. She was the oldest child of her father's family, consisting of 1 1, one of whom died in infancy. Tiie children of Mrs. Norval bear the following names: Samuel, born June 14, 1845 ; Theopliilus, Aug. 26, 1847; Richard S., Oct. 18, 1849; William O., Sept. 15, 1851; Mary J. and Joseph (twins), April 15, 1853; Enoch, April 23, 1855; Benjamin F., Dec. 2, 1857; Jesse C, July 21. 1859; Rebecca, April 10, 1861; Haney, May 2, 1862; Julia .A., May 2, 1864; and Margaret E., Sept. 5, 1866. Those deceased are Samuel, Re- becca, Joseph, Haney and Julia A. Mrs. Norval is of English ancestry, and her hus- band is of Scotch lineage. He has been prospered in his worldly undertakings and is at the present time in possession of 385 acres of land, all of which is in a high state of cultivation, well improved and valuable. He owns a herd of 40 head of Short-horn cattle, his favorite breed of stock. He has given un- divided attention to their improvement and has con- tinued in that branch of industry for a period of 25 years. He bought his first male of Peter Godfrey, of Knox County, which is a handsome and valuable animal. Mr. Norval and family are active workers in every good cause and are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, adopting veritably the " good old re- ligion." They are warm admirers of the doctrines of faith as held up to the people by the old pioneer minister of that time, Richard Haney, of Monmouth, .Mr. Norval being baptized by him, together with five of liis children. He is a man who figures actively in church work, has been Class Leader for alKJUt 40 years and also Steward in the church to which he belongs. He always speaks when moved by that emotion which bids him honor the Master to whom lie has rendered loving allegiance an entire lifetime, and his cffbrts are always for good In jwlitics he is a stanch Republican, and is true to his principles as strongly in the minor duties of life as in the greater ones. He is the grandfather of 27 children and has ^^ 700 KNOX COUNTY. three great-grandchildren. William, one of the sons, is a minister of the Methodist Episcopal denomina- tion, his labors being in the State of Nebraska; Theophilus, another son, is District Judge in the same State. Richard is counselor at law, and Ben- jamin F. follows the same profession. They gradu- ated at Ann Arbor, Mich., and have shown themselves worthy of both the father and mother they honor by those attributes which constitute nobility of soul and true manhood. They have proven that " a dutiful son is a crown to his father." The father of Oliver Nerval, by name Theophilus, and his grandfather, Solomon Norval, were born in Scotland. ■ j. ; (I ohn MeMaster is one of the well-known .' ISiij. MeMaster brothers and member of a fani- Sf'''" "" ily of influential standing in Walnut Grove and Copley Townships. His farm consists of 350 acres, and Mr. MeMaster is himself deemed one of the most successful farmers in j the country around. The value of his land has gradually increased, and to his own labor is due the valuable improvements existing upon it. He is lo- cated on section 27, Walnut Grove Township. The subject of this brief history is the son of John Me- Master, Sr., a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, who was born in May, 1796, and brought up in his native shire. All his descendants were of pure Scottish blood. His good mother, Anna (Struthers) Me- Master, was a native of the same shire. Through this marriage there were five sons and one daughter. The subject of this biography was the elder son, born in May, 1830. He was educated in the public schools of Scotland before the family emigrated to this country, in August, 1852. They first came to Peoria and not long afterward took up their resi- dence in this county, settling in Copley Township, when the country around presented a surface mostly of unbroken land. The portion upon which our sub- ject's family settled (in all 80 acres) had never been broken or in the least improved — in fact, the sod was first turned by the gentleman of whom we now write, and subsequently became part of Walnut Grove Township. The father of Mr. MeMaster is still living. The death of his mother took place Dec. 4, 1883, at the venerable age of 81 years. Our subject lived at home on his father's farm until the date of his mar- riage, which took place Aug. 22, i86r, the lady be- ing Lorinda Multer. She was born in Oswego County, N. Y., May 10, 1838, and was the daughter of a New York farmer, by name Joseph Multer; she was educated and lived upon her father's estate up to i860, when she came to Illinois. She is the mother of five children, making in all a most inter- esting family, of which Mr. MeMaster is very proud. The children in order are Chauncy J., David M., Anna S., John E. and Mary E. After his marriage Mr. MeMaster and wife settled and still lives in the township referred to. Of him it may be truly said that he has carved out his own fortunes, and by his successful efforts as a farmer has shown how beautiful a country home can be made. By his uprightness and adherence to princi- ple he has attracted around him friends of whom any man might be proud. His wife, Mrs. MeMaster, is a regular and stanch member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. McM. has always been identified with and is likely to remain a strong sup- porter of the Republican party. Those who represent the party in his community have always looked to him as the promoter of measures calculated to secure its success. 'JJipl^iif H. Gordon, a farmer, residing on section ^^^^Jlf, 12 of Copley Township, Knox County, was IIEC born in that township Oct. 18,1851. His |!}S^ parents, Peter and Mary A. (McDowell) Gor- l|^ don, were natives of Scotland and came to j America in 1840. They settled in Copley Township, locating on section 10. Here they lived and reared a family of six children, four of whom are still living — James, Mary E., Alexander H. and Albinus M. The subject of this biographical notice remained at home until he was 22 years of age, assisting on the farm and receiving a limited education ; he then took up a part of the homestead for two years. At the end of that time, in 1876, he moved onto 160 acres of land, where he has since resided, raising stock and grain. He was married Oct. 19, 1873, to Miss Mary C. Olmsted, daughter of Henry and Catherine (Wilder) Olmsted. Her parents were na- LArr t -•- KNOX COUNTY. 701 lives of Xew York, and she was born Sept. 17, 1855, hir birthplace being Delaware County, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon have four children, by name Arthur O., Eva L., John H. and James P. Arthur O. was born Aug. 8, 1874; Eva L. was born Jan. 5, 1877 ; John H., Dec. 31, 1878, and James P., May 24, 1882. Mr. Gordon is in politics a stanch Republican, zealously supporting and voting for that parly. He is School Director and has a keen interest in educa- tional matters. Both himself and wite are earnest members of the Presbyterian Church, worshiping under its doctrines of faith and showing forth the noble principles of a Christian religion in their daily lives. Mr. Gordon is one of the representative men of Knox County, and for solid and substantial traits of character and nobility of purpose has no superior in this section of countr\-. Iff B. Faulkner. Prominent among the well- to-do agriculturists of Sparta Township who have been deservedly successful in their chosen vocation is the gentleman whose biographical sketch is here indited. He is at present residing on section 29, where his ac- cumulations enable him to pass the sunset of life re- tired from active labor. He was born in Orange County, N. Y., Jan. 17, 1819, his father being Will- iam J. and his mother Isabelle (Bushfield) Faulkner, both natives of Xew York. The parents of our subject went to Michigan in 1829, and were residents of that State for ten years, his father being engaged in the occupation of farm- ing near Pontiac, Oakland County. In 1839 they sold their interest in Michigan and came to this State, settling in Warren County, where they resided for seven years. In 1848 the parents made a third remove, this time coming to Knox County, and lo- cating on section 19, Spana Township, where the father of our subject purchased 160 acres of land, and on which the two old folks lived until their death, that of the father occurring May 15, 1875, and the mother Feb. 17, 1863. Their children were eight in number — William J., Catherine Ann., Thomas B., Gardner S., Esther Eliza, George W, Mary J. and our subject. The subject of this biographical notice remained an inmate of the parental household and shared the joys which clustered around the family hearthstone as long as his good parents lived. His younger days wore spent in attending the common schools and as- sisting in farming, which vocation he has followed all his life. He is to-day the proprietor of 170 acres of good, tillable land, where he resides, having met wiih that success which energy and persever- ance are sure to bring. He now devotes the major portion of his time to the raising of stock. The place on which he resides, and on which he first made settlement, was a tract of wild, unbroken prairie land, which he has brought to a high state of cultivation. He has a fine residence ujx)n his place, together with a good barn, and an orchard equal to any in the county. Mr. Faulkner was united in marriage June 21, 1855, with Miss Sarah F. Goff, a native of Kentucky, and their home has been brightened, as well as their hearts gladdened, by the birth of five children, whom they named Laura O., James L., Charles L., Saddie A. and Henry F. Saddie married Miles A. Buffum, March 5, 1884; she died in California, Jan. 8, 1885, and is buried in this county. J. L Faulkner mar- ^ ried Sarah, the accomplished daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Kane, of Iowa, Dec. 31, 1885. The mother of these five children died June i, 1864, and Mr. Faulkner formed a second matrimonial alliance, with Mrs. Paulina (Anderson) Shannon. She was the widow of Harrison Shannon, a native of Kentucky, and was the daughter of Edwin and Beersheba (Payne) Anderson. Mr. Faulkner is an ardent and active supporter of the principles advocated by the Republican party. He has held the offices of Road Commissioner and Constable, and is a gentleman whose word is consid- ered as good as his bond. :eiijamin Carey. In the vicinity of Gales- burg few men stand more highly respected than the subject of this biography. He is a farmer, residing on section 28, in that township, and was born in the town of Cas- tile, Wyoming Co., N. Y., on the 13th of August, 1828. He remained at his parents' home until his 21st year, meanwhile working on the farm •J<^ ^-^ 702 KNOX COUNTY. T^ and attending the district schools. By this means he obtained the only education he ever received out- side that resulting from his own personal efforts in after life. He first came to Illinois in 1855 and took up his location at Galesburg, vi^here he remained several years. Here he kept a large warehouse at Saluda, five miles south of Galesburg. In this occupation he continued for nine years, and bought large quan- tities of grain from Mr. Belding, of Galesburg. From this point in one year he has been known to ship 70,000 bushels of grain. He married Miss Mary A. Marks on the 17th of September, 1863, the ceremony being performed by Rev. C. P. West, of Galesburg. This lady was born in Cedar Township, near Saluda, on the 17th of July, 1827. Her parents were Benjamin and Mary M. (Bishop) Marks, both of whom were natives of Ken- tucky, where her father was born in 1800, and her mother about the year 1808. His death took place 'in Knox County, 111., in 1844. These parents had seven children — Lavina E., Benjamin C, Mary A., JSarilda E., William P., Wayne D. and Penelope A. tTwo of these children are now deceased. Tlie par- I ents of Mr. Carey of this history were George and I Adaline (Burlingham) Carey. They were both na- tives and prominent citizens of New York State. The father's birthplace was in Washington County, and the date 1804. In 1844 he died in his native place. His wife was born in Saratoga County in 1802, and died in her native State in 1865. By this happy marriage there were two children — John and Benjamin, our subject. Mr. Carey's brother John still resides on the home farm in New York. He has a family of three giris, viz. : Adeline, Ida and Alice. The former two are now married ; the latter is still single and lives at home. To our subject's desirable union were born a daughter, Addie, Aug. 17, 1864, and William Norman, April 24, 1867. The latter's decease took place on the 2 2d of February, 1882, his ailment being sciatic rheumatism, with which he lay ill for four months. This death was a great sorrow to the parents, as he was a most prom- ising youth. Mr. Carey took possession of his pres- ent beautiful farm of 120 acres in the year 1866, and upon it he has made such substantial improvements in fencing and other important particulars that it is now a valuable property. His out-buildings measure 26x36 feet. Mr. Carey has 800 rods of tile on his farm, which is distributed in such manner as to put the place in a good, tillable condition. In a political sense Mr. Carey is a thorough-going Republican, and is always anxious to learn and know the best means and most practical way of supporting the party to which he belongs. He is a highly re- spected member of his township, and one of its rep- resentative men. B. Hodgeman, hardware merchant in Vic- toria village, was born in Saratoga County, ^ ^" N. Y., Jan. 19, 1832. He is the son of Will- }\^ iam and Mary (Blood) Hodgeman, natives of the Green Mountain State. The father of our subject was a farmer, who emigrated to Medina County, Ohio, where he resided until 1857. His first purchase was a 25-acre farm, which he dis- posed of and went to Pepin County, Wis., purchas- ing at that place 40 acres of land. On leaving Wis- consin, in 1875, he came to the Prairie State, locat- ing in Victoria village, where he spent the remainder of his days with his children, his demise occurring in March, 1880. The mother died in Ohio in 1845. The family of the senior Mr. Hodgeman and wife consisted of eight children, five of whom are living — Eunice (now Mrs. Jennings), Caroline (Mrs. Britton), William, Leonard and Ransom B. The father of our subject lived to attain the ven- erable age of 98 years. His younger days were spent in the lumber regions of the Green Mountains, but during the latter period of his life he was engaged in agriculture. In 181 2 he was called into the field, together with many others, who were given the name of minute men. Their duty was to stop the smug- gling of goods, and for his share William Hodgeman received a cow and steer. Being a Yankee, he took his stock home the s?me night, while his comrades enclosed their stock in a yard and the next morning found to their sorrow that the cattle had been stolen. Hewas strictly a temperate man, not even indulging in the use of tobacco in any form. He was a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He cast his vote with the Democratic party in 1848, but since that time has been Republican. R. B. Hodgeman of this sketch left home at the age of 14 years. Up to this time he attended the i KNOX COUNTY. 703 district schools. His first removal was to Buffalo, where he learned the copper, tin and sheet-iron bus- iness, remaining there for six years. He then worked as a "jour" for 18 months, when in 1854 he came to Illinois and carried on a tinshop for seven years at Victoria village. We next find him at Wataga, whither he had removed with his stock of goods, re- maining there five years, and, selling out, went to Taylor County, Iowa, where he purchased 5° acres of land and engaged in farming for nearly three years. He then returned to Victoria, and engaged in the tin and hardware business, his establishment being the only one of the kind in the village. The maiden name of Mrs. Hodgeman was Alsina D. Ray, to whom he was married in 1856. She was a native of Medina County, Ohio, and daughter of Ephraim and Abigail (Low) Ray, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The parents of Miss Ray settled at Vic'oria Township in 1845, where they purchased a farm of 50 acres on section 16, and upon which they are af present residing. Their fam- ily numbered three children, two of whom survive — Alsina, wife of our subject, and Cassius. Our subject and wife are the parents of five chil- dren : Isabella (now Mrs. Hammond) became the mother of two children — Julia A. and Mabel ; Alvin R. Hodgeman married Miss Ida M. Heaton, and they are the parents of a son — Earl B.; Alvin is en- gaged with his fatlier in the hardware business ; the remaining children are Ira E., Carl W. and Ray- mond. In political faith our subject is Republican and has served his township in the office of School Director for 12 years. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and is a strong temperance man. Tohn M. A. Miller. The elegant home and highly cultivated farm of this gentleman show very plainly that he has not spent a life of idleness. His 240 acres of improved land on section i. Walnut Grove Township, Knox Co., 111., are only equaled by the best farms in the county. He first came from Peoria to this county March 12, 1856, first settling there in 1836. He originally came from Cortland County, N. Y., on the ist of October, 1836. His father, Ben- jamin, was a farmer of prominence from Otsego County, N. Y., his ancestry being of English and French extraction. He married, in the last-uamed State and county, Miss Julia O. Garrett, a native of Connecticut and of New England ancestry. Her people were old settlers of the East, members of the family tracing back tlieir parentage for more than 200 years. Many of their men took prominent parts in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars. The grand- father on the Miller side, wliose name was Benjamin, was prominent in the Revolution and the War of 1812. His decease took place in Otsego County, N. Y., when he had attained the age of 100 years, less four months. During one of the Indian wars the Garrett family were burned out, at Cherry Valley, Conn. The grandfather, Mr. Mills Garrett, who was a prominent merchant of his time, was taken prisoner and his body quartered after the burning of the town. After his head had been severed, the four quarters of his body were placed on the corners of the principal streets, while his head was exhibited on a pole in the center. Around this the Indians assembled, dancing and singing tlieir characteristic songs. The parents of our subject came to Illinois in " October, 1836, and settled in Rosefield Township, near Peoria, 111., where the father owned nearly 900 acres of prime land and on which they lived up to the date of his death, in March, 1875. His demise took place at the age of 77. The motlier died in January, 1868, beloved by a large circle of friends. The father was a prominent Democrat and held many of the local offices, which he discharged with credit. Among these were Justice of the Peace and Postmaster. The parents were members of the Christian Church, a community in which ihey won the good will of the humblest as well as the highest. Our subject, Mr. Miller, .^as educated at Knox College, Galesburg, which he left in 1849. The same year he, with his brother, Dr. Hiram, and 150 others, formed a company in Peoria and proceeded to California via the Santa Fe route, arriving in San Diego about the 20th of December, 1849. Thence they proceeded to San Francisco and on to Marys- ville, and thence to the Yuba and Feather Rivers, in Nevada County. Here they devoted their attention entirely to gold-mining. At the close of one year, in December, 1850, they set out by vessel via the Panama route and Mississippi River for home. The privations and sufferings incident to such a trip were 4^ 704 KNOX COUNTY. X neither few nor light. They, however, secured a fair competency in return for their efforts. Subse- quently our subject was married, on the 17th of March, 1852, in Trivoli, Peoria Co., Ill, to Miss Harriet Robinson, who was born in Otsego County, N. Y., April 15, 1830. She was the daughter of George and Maria (Gaylord) Robinson, natives of New York and Connecticut respectively, but at the date of their marriage residents of Otsego County. On June 2, 1836, they arrived in Trivoli, Peoria Co., 111., and there lived and died. The father died Nov. 7, 1873, and the mother March 4, 1881, in her 77th year. They were active members of society and had won the good will and general respect of all with whom they came in contact. Mrs. Miller was the fifth child of a family of 12. She was well edu- cated, and engaged in school-teaching shortly before her marriage. She has been the mother of 13 chil- dren, three now deceased: Fannie R. M. is the wife of J. T. Newland, a farmer, residing near Galva, Ida Co., Iowa; Benjamin M. married Margaret No- lan, and is farming in the same town and county in Iowa; Joseph A. married Agnes Quinn, and resides g in Galva, 111., where he is a newsdealer and book- I seller; Leroy A. resides at Galva, Iowa, and is a teacher by profession ; Mary A. resides at Galva, Iowa ; Julia A. is teaching and residing at home ; Almanda E. resides at home; Emma J. lives at home, also William W. ; Charles T. died in his tenth year; George D., at two and a half years; Marion, when five months old; Herman J., the youngest of the children, aged 12 years, is also residing at home. For four years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Miller had their residence in Peoria County, where they engaged in farming. On the 12th of March, 1856, they came to this county and purchased their present home on section i, Walnut Grove Township, and have since owned and operated their delightful farm of 240 acres. Our subject's children are now being educated in the High Schools of Galva. The parents are prominent members of the Baptist Church, in which connection Mr. Miller has held the joint office of Deacon and Trustee for 20 years. Politically he is a thorough- going Democrat and warm supporter of any measure likely to promote the Democratic cause. He enjoys keeping himself well posted in the movements of not only local politics, but those of the nation. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F., Lodge No. 408, Galva, 111., and Galva Grange, No. 1591, and is the Master and has been for the past seven years. He has been the Repre- sentative to the Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F. since 1872, except for four years, and is at present. A view of the beautiful home of Mr. Miller is given on another page. 5-K-i4#=^-V>-J— [lenjamin M. Harvey. One of the bright- p est examples of industry and enterprise may be found in the person of Benjamin M. Harvey, a partial account of whose per- sonal history is herein recorded. He is one of the leading citizens of Knox County, and was, during the administration of President Buchan- an, appointed Postmaster of Rio, which office he held for six years, discharging the numerous duties devolving upon him with a promptness and hearty interest that won the approbation of the people among whom he labored. The subject of this writing came to Knox County in 1845, from Utica, N. Y., and settled on section 21, Rio Township, where he lived almost four years, and ^ then returned to New York, where he passed an in- terval of two or three years. At the expiration of that time he returned to Knox County, and has since been a resident here. His first purchase was 80 acres of land on section 21, to which he has added 45 acres. All his land is tillable, and the humble beginning of many years ago has resulted in his present residence and home so desirable and conven- ient. Mr. Harvey claims as his birthplace Norwich, England, and the date of his birth is Feb. ri, 1822. At the age of six years he was brought by his parents to America, and here the little family took up their abode, residing at or near Utica, where they contin- ued, he remaining under the parental roof until he came to Knox County. He received all the educa- tional advantages that a common school could sup- ply, and, while still quite a young man, learned the trade of shoemaker, but although good at this special line of work, his life has been spent at agricultural pursuits. He entered into the matrimonial state at New York Mills, N. Y., on the rpth of July, 185 1, and the lady who became his wife was Alice Smith, daughter of William and Ellen (Thorpe) Smith, both ^ <-• KNOX COUNTY. 705 natives of England. His %vife was but 13 years of age when her parents came to America, and with thera she resided up to the date of her marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have been given three chil- dren, as follows: William H., John A. and Agr.es M. William H. and John A. are deceased, leaving but one child of this happy little family. William died Sept. 19, 18S0, when 28 years of age, a young man in the full bloom and vigor of early life, cut down by the reaper. Death. John A. was also just entering young manhood, being 23 years of age, and the possessor of high hopes and ambitious aims which death ended, and the bereaved parents were com- pelled to bow to the dispensations of Providence and try to believe in full Christian faith that " He doeth all things well." Agnes wedded Charles Weir and resides in Rio Township. Her nuptials were cele- brated April 28, 1885. Mr. Harvey, as previously stated, has occupied many local offices, and takes an interest in educational affairs. He has been Direct- or of his home school district. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harvey are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are useful ^ sided on section 15, Victoria Township, j^^^* and one of Knox County's prominent and ^> progressive citizens, is the subject of this historical sketch. He was born in Ayrshire, -Scotland, Feb. 11, 1823, and his parents, James and Agnes (Crawford) Craig, were natives of that country. Mr. Craig, Sr., was by occupation a stone-dresser, and also mined and followed farming as a vocation. He died in 1854, in Scotland, aged 67 years and 3 months. His family consisted of 12 children, seven of whom survive, as follows : John, Robert, Archibald, James, Margaret, Mary and Agnes. Mrs. Craig came to America in 1855, and settled in Allegheny County, Pa., where she lived until 1862. She then came to Illinois, locating in Victoria Township, where she purchased 40 acres of land and there resided for three years. Leaving this, she again removed to the vicinity of Knoxville, remain- ing three years, and then moved to Galva, where she continued until her demise, in 1872. Our subject remained at home until he attained the age of 19, receiving, in the intervening years, a common-school education. He then entered the ironstone mines, and, owing to his superior ability, was at 20 appointed foreman over 49 men working in the shaft. Remaining one year, he resigned his position and contracted to work the ironstone mines for the Glen Gardner Company, following the same until he came to America, in 1847. Locating in Pennsylvania, he engaged in Schuylkill County in mining, contracting, sinking shafts, furnishing sup- plies, and lastly in running a tunnel under the Sweet Arrow Creek above the Fall known by the same name. This tunnel was 400 feet in length, and 5x7 feet in dimensions. On its completion he went to Allegheny County, where he re-engaged in mining, opening the Maryland Coal Mine, remaining eight years. He first came to Illinois in 1858, and staid only one year, which he spent in the coal mines at ^ Abingdon. He then returned to Pennsylvania, and after staying seven months came back to Illinois and spent one month at Abingdon, from which city he ^ moved to Oneida. Working in the shop for one year, he bought out Robert McCormack's interest in the coal mine in Copley Township, and there worked one , year. At the end of that time he moved into Victoria Township, buying three coal banks and 214 acres of land, upon which he remained for 20 years. By this time prosperity had smiled upon him, and selling his land he purchased the home where his widow now lives, including 320 acres on sections 14 and 15, in Victoria Township, where, in addition to his agricult- ural pursuits, he was engaged in the raising of stock. Mr. Craig was united in marriage with Miss Isa- belle, daughter of John and Margaret (Garner) Martin, in 1845. Her parents were born in Scot- land, and her father was by trade a weaver of Pais- ley shawls, which business he followed in his own country. They were the parents of si.\ children, three surviving, to wit: Isabelle, now Mrs. Ciaig; William and Mathew. The parents of these children died in Scotland, both in the same year, 1873. The union of Mr. and Mrs. ('raig has been pro- ductive of a family of 12 children, nine still living: .\gnes, Mrs. James Daniels, is the mother of seven children— William, John, James, Belle, Bird, David and Nellie ; Belle, Mrs. Obed Beadle, is the mother of H^ 7o6 KNOX COUNTY. four children— Leon, Bruce, Amanda and Crawford; Margaret, now Mrs. David Webster, is the mother of three children— Robert, Frank and Maud; Mary, Mrs. James Webster, has borne her husband thr-ie children— Homer, Mary and Keith; James married Amanda Adkin, and they are the parents of one child —William; the remaining children are William D., Mattie, Joseph and Jeanie. Mr. Craig also adopted a boy with whom he came in contact in Pennsylva- nia, and who was eventually given into his protection. He bore the name of Samuel Skimmes Craig, and went into the Union army in 1863, at the age of 17. When the war closed, possessing a keen desire to see the country, he went to Arizona, and nothing has been heard of him since. Politically Mr. Craig was a Republican, supporting that party firmly and honorably. In theological be- lief he accepted the religion of the Christian Church, of which he was a member from his i6th year. His wife belongs to the same church, and they were united in purpose, inspired by the noble precepts of Christianity, as they were one in heart and name. Mr. C. figured actively as a man of large usefulness in his own community, his fitness for the local offices frequently giving him place. He had been Supervisor and School Director, and he may be reckoned as having been one of the most substantial men in this section of the country. There being no church of his denomination in this vicinity, both he and his wife were at the time of his death associated with the Methodist Epiiscopal Church. He was a Free and Accepted Mason, and held membership with Altona Lodge, and was buried by that lodge with due and appropriate Masonic ceremony. Highland H. Clay is a prominent citi- zen and farmer, residing on section 29, . ^ Galesburg Township. He was born in <^ \ Windsor County, in the town of Chester, Vt., His parents moved to Illinois in 1840 and located in this section. Here he re- mained with his parents, working on the farm and at the same time attending the district school, until he was 14 years old, when for two years from that time he attended the Lombard College, Galesburg. His father's name was John L. and his mothers ' ^T Louisa M. (Balch) Clay, both natives of Vermont, the former being born on the 3d of October, 1802, and the latter on April 13, 1804. They were mar- ried in March, 1827, and 13 years subsequently came westward. Tliey had a family of five children — A. C. Clay, William L., a daughter who died in infancy, Warren W. and Highland H. The subject of this history and the youngest of his parents' children married Miss Jennie E. Clay, on the 14th of October, 1878. The service was per- formed by Rev. William Copland, of the Univer- salist Church at Gaysville, Vt. They have four in- teresting children — Don Scott, born July 21, 1879; Emma, born June 22, 1880; John L., born June i, 1882; and Waller T., April 26, 1884. Mrs. Clay is the daughter of James M. and Charlotte (Orcutt) Clay, both natives of Vermont. Her father was born Aug. 22, 1825, in Windsor County, and her mother in Bridgeport, on the 19th of April, 1827. These excellent people were married on the 24th of March, 1847, and still reside in Windsor County,' Vt., where they keep a hotel, and have a family of four children — Emma A. (Mrs. Highland H. Clay), born Oct. 17, 1848; Cassius M., Sept. 14, 1850; Jen-^ nie E., Jan. 12, 1854; and Effie L., May 13, 1861. The paternal parent of Mrs. Clay is a Republican in principle, and he always voted that ticket in its thor-' ough and unadulterated form. Cassius M. Clay, their son, is now residing in Nebraska. The father of our subject died on the 7 th of November, 1877, but his mother still survives, and is living in the city of Galesburg, in her 83d year. Mr. Highland H. Clay enhsted in the io2d Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., and was created First Lieuienant of Co. D, of said regiment, previous to his leaving Gales- burg. He held the office for five months and was promoted to Captain of the same company, which po- sition he held for two years. At the end of that time he was promoted to Major of the same regiment, which position he held until the close of the war. He was in the Army of the Cumberland with Sherman and took part in the Atlanta campaign. He also participated in the battles of Resaca, Ga. ; New Hope Church, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain, Mari- etta, Peach Tree Creek and the siege of Atlanta, be- sides many smaller battles and skirmishes. From that date he took command of the regiment and marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea. On the 6th of June, 1865, at the close of the war, he was *4" — , .'^^^ . KNOX COUNTY. 707 ^- mustered out at the city of Washington. During his whole career as a soldier he escaped from receiving the slightest wound. Being thoroughly patriotic, he nnade an excellent soldier and fine officer. He was held in high esteem by his comrades in arms, and by his genial disposition, natural strength of char- acter and general upright bearing, won to himself an extended respect with his regiment and from all out- side who knew him. Mr. Clay is now the owner of 320 acres of im- proved land, thoroughly cultivated. His beautiful dwelling-house is surrounded by a grove of fine for- est trees, and his out-buildings are of the substantial kind. In theology his views are liberal. He is a mem- ber of theG. A. R., No. 45, at Galesburg. In politics he is a stanch Democrat and a firm supporter of that school of thought. The grandparents of Mrs. Clay were Leonard Orcutt, born July i, 1 791, and Miss Sal- lie Breed, Aug. 8, 1791 ; they were natives of Vermont and had a family of six children — Tirzah, born July 28, 1816 ; Clarissa, Nov. 29, 1813 ; Willard, June 14, 1820; George, Feb. 5, 1834; Melinda and Char- lotte. The present Mr. Clay's grandfather was V* Timothy Clay, a native of Taunton, Mass., where he was born in 1760 and died in 1832. He married Miss Rhoda Lawson, a lady of very amiable character ^ and high mental attainments. -^v o*o-®X®-o*<> v^ ^^^ICohn Bees, a general farmer, residing on 5^^SK^ section 19, Walnut Grove Township, is the 1^^ owner of 76 acres, mostly improved land. ^l^ He came to the county in 1866, from kna- l^t strong County, Pa., of which place he was a \ native, being born where Parker City now stands, on March 3, 1825. His father, Jenkins J., was a farmer and miner and lived and died in Penn- sylvania. This latter gentleman was born in South Wales, but came to the United States soon after his mar- riage. His wife, Catherine Jenkins, was also a native of South Wales. They were both of Welsh parentage. Her decease took place in Armstrong County, Pa. The subject of this history was the youngest but two of seven children. He lived with his parents until he came to Illinois, in 1866, and was married in Oneida, January i of the following year, to Miss Elizabeth Finch, born in Ontario County, N. Y., April 8, 1838. In her i6th year she came to Illinois with her parents. They were prominent farmers, who had lived in Altona most of their lives, since 1855, and they lie buried there now. Her father, Benja- min, died in 1858, and the mother in September, 1884. This lady's maiden name was Matilda Ben- nett, and she descended of old American parentage. The present Mrs. R. has eight interesting children now living — Charles E., Walter F., John, Arthur, Ida, Edith, Carrie and Jenkins B. Mr. Ree/was formerly identified with the Repub- lican party, but in recent years he has become a Democrat and a consistent supporter of Democratic measures. ^amuel G. Stephenson. As we have pre- viously explained, in Knox County remark- able changes have been made since Daniel Robertson located here. Many men have felt an interest in this, not wholly selfish. They are of reliability and substantial worth of character, and among these may be reckoned the subject of our sketch, whose perseverance in a good cause and his foresight in making his home just when and where he did, as well as his uprightness and integrity of character, have all tended to retain for him the high position which he now occupies. Mr. Stephenson's home is situated on section 8, Lynn Township, and he was born in Eastern Swe- den, May 20, 1834. He was the third child in a family of six, and the son of a Swedish farmer who lived and died in his native country, and whose name was Stephenson Johnson. The mother, Sarah (Orin- son) Johnson, also died in the country of her nativity. Our subject lived at home until he was reared to manhood, and was married at that time, in April, 1853; his wife, Anna Larson, was born Aug. 10, 1828. She was born in Eastern Sweden, and her parents were farmers who lived and died in their na- tive country. After marriage our subject lived and worked at general labor in his native Sweden, and in June, 1868, he and his wife and five children came to the West. They came directly to Henry County, where they lived for fine years. They left that place, and, removing to Knox County, have since <^ =¥; 708 XJVOX COUNTY. resided here, in Lynn Township. Their farm they have beautified and improved, having held it since 1882. He owns 160 acres in his present homestead, and they have raised a family often children, five of whom are deceased. The following are their names : Matilda, wife of John Farraander, who resides in Phelps County, Neb., and is a farmer; Charles G. is married to Carrie Yden, and lives in Polk County, Neb., and is also a farmer; Alfred J., now residing in Polk County, Neb. ; Louis and Annie L. both reside at home. Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson are agreeable and con- genial people, who occupy a wide spherS of useful- ness, and belong to the Swedish Lutheran Church. Mr. Stephenson is an earnest Republican, and sel- dom fails to vote for his party. FI^MI illi^°i Overlander, one of Knox County's I^A, prominent and successful farmers, resid- r ing on section 30, Victoria Township, was born in Richland County, Ohio, April 17, "1^' 1835. He was a son of William and Mary IJ (Neal) Overlander, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio respectively. The parents were married in Ohio, where they remained until 1835, the date of their removal to Illinois, and to Victoria Township in the following year, locating on section 30, their present home, wliere the father had purchased some 400 acres of land. Upon this place they remained until their death, Dec. 10, 1847, and in 1877 respect- ively. Their family consisted of eight children, five of whom still survive and of whom we give the fol- lowing brief memoranda : Rebecca Overlander, now Mrs. VVilco.x; William; Nancy, now Mrs. Wilson ; Sarah Ann, now Mrs. Gillaspi, and Mary J. Haw- kin son. The subject of this biographical notice came to Victoria Township with his parents when but one year of age. At this place he attended the district schools, and when a lad of 17 years emigrated to California, in search of gold, and remained there two years, when he returned to Victoria Township and made it his home until 1855. We next hear of him in the States of Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri and Kan- sas, looking for a location in which to invest his means in productive land. He afterward purchased 200 acres in Nebraska, in 1858, 14 miles from the city of Omaha, and lived on the same for two years, when he again returned to Victoria Township and made a purchase of 67 acres on section 30, to which he has subsequently added until at present he is the owner of 180 acres. He has always followed farm- ing pursuits and is at present engaged in the raising of cereals and also the breeding of stock. In i860 occurred the marriage of Mr. Overlander, at which time Miss Lucy J. Olmstead became his wife. She is the daughter of Stephen and Clarissa (McMorris) Olmstead, natives of the Empire State. The parents emigrated to the Prairie State in 1856, and located in Victoria Township. Their family circle numbers ten members, nine of whom still sur- vive. The record is as follows : Phoebe A., now Mrs. Harrington; William H., John R. ; Lucy J., wife of our subject; James L., Stephen A., Elmer D., Sarah J., now Mrs. Waffle, and Walter M. Mr. and Mrs. Overlander have a family of nine children, of whom we give the following : Ellen M.,' Lillie v., William S., Effie N., Katie, EveHne, Lucy, Reuben and Clara. Our subject is a Democrat, and has held theofficeii of Pathmaster and also that of School Director, and is considered one of the solid and substantial men of Victoria Township. Il^dward M. Collins. In 1848 there came from Pickaway County, Ohio, Michael Col- lins and his family, and located in Knox !||^ Township. He was a native of Ireland, and had chosen for his wife Miss Margaret Griffith. Early in life she came to this country, and in the year stated had become one of the pioneers of this beautiful county. The family later moved into Cop- ley Township, where the husband and father died in 1 86 1, and the widow and mother in the autumn of 1864. They had reared a family of eight children, of whom Edward M. was the fifth in order of birth. He was born April 29, 1839, while his parents were residents of Pickaway County. Our subject was only nine years of age when he was brought to this county with his parents. Here he was reared, spending his youth in assisting his father in cultivating the farm, and attending such X LIBRARY OF THE L.,iVERS!Ty OF ILLIV; i KNOX COUNTY. 7U schools as the neighborhood afforded. When he grew to manhood he embarked on the uncertain sea of life, himself alone at the helm. He has steered his craft free of the breakers upon which so many go down, and to-day is recognized as one of the well-to- do and leading agriculturists in his township. He is the possessor of 290 acres of land, 200 of which are tillable. Dec. 29, 1S68, Mr. Collins and Miss Hannah E. Young united their fortunes in the holy bonds of matrimony. Mrs. Collins was the daughter of Robert and Mary (Johnston) Young. (A sketch of the former is given in this volume.) She was born in Persifer, Feb. 10, 1850. The names of the five chil- dren born to them are Katie M., Robert R., Ella G., Rollin E. and Jessie M. Mr. Collins takes considerable interest in the public affairs of his community, and lends his as- sistance toward the progress and welfare of the neighborhood. He is especially interested in edu- cational matters, and at present is serving as School Director. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and jx)litically is a Democrat. He and his wife and eldest daughter, Katie, are members of the Metliodisi Episcopal Church. I^dmund Smith. Of the names among the records of Knox County there stands out in bold relief that of Edmund Smith, who entered its precincts in 1844, settling on section 31, Persifer Township, in which township he no.v owns 55 acres. He has watched the gradual growth of this section of country, and feels that keen interest in its progress known only to those who first knew it in its lonely primitive state, dotted here and there with the humble log cabins which constituted the homes of its residents in the early days. Our subject first saw the light of day in Granby, Mass., June 9, 1809, and had attained the age of 23 years when he came to Ohio. In that State he re- sided until moving to Knox County; he had followed the vocation of clerk in a store, after which he pur- sued mercantile business for himself a short time On coming to Knox County he bought a farm in Haw Creek Township, where he lived for seven years. Accompanied by his wife and four children, in 1844, he settled in Persifer Township, renting land, soon after which he purchased 40 acres in the same town- ship, upon which he remained four years. The third year of Mr. Smith's residence upon this little farm, his dog went mad, and, attacking his master, bit him severely. Mr. Smith heard of a madstone at Liver- pool, a little town on the Illinois River, and immedi- ately repaired there to test its efficacy. To his great joy, it proved all that had been claimed for it ; his life was saved, and he has since felt no discomfort from the wound. Mr. Smith naturally recommends the madstone to all who may meet with the misfort- une which he did. He states that the animal was raving mad and chewed its own tongue off. Mr. Smith subsequently sold this land and en- gaged in the grocery business at Gilson. He was married in Gallia County, Ohio, August 15, 1837, to Sarah P. Rambo, who was born in the same county, June 9, 1 8 18. Their family was large, consisting of 12 children, as follows: Benjamin, Reuben and Henry are deceased ; Louisa is the wife of LewHs F. Roe, and resides in Adams County, 111.; Charles makes his home in Haw Creek Township ; Abraham is under the parental roof; William resides in Iowa; Rachel has 3 home in Knoxville; Cynthia is the wife of John Hughes, and resides in Haw Creek Town- ship ; Edmund's home is in Texas ; Sarah is the ' wife of John Lindsey, and lives in Haw Creek Town- ship, and Maggie still continues at home. Two sons were in the Union Army, in the 77th 111. Vol. Inf — Charles and William ; the latter was for a time in a Te.xas prison, and both served until the close of the war. In politics Mr. Smith is a Republican, which party he supjwrts with voice and vote, and is an energetic worker in public affairs. He is also intelligent and interested in educational matters. lohn A. Stuckey, Sheriff of Knox County and one of the most faithful officials the county was ever favored with, is the son of K^ George W. and Mary (Compher) Stuckey, na- jr tives of Pennsylvania and of German and En- \ glish extraction respectively. He was bom in Bedford County, Pa., Nov. 29, 1835. The senior Mr. Stuckey was a farmer in earlier life, and still re- sides in his native county at the age of 73 years. ■0- 712 KNOX COUNTY. His wife's death occurred in 1861. They reared three sons and three daughters, the subject of our sketch being the eldest of the family. John A. Stuckey grew to manhood upon his fath- er's farm, alternating the duties thereon with attend- ance at the common schools, where he acquired the rudiments of an English education. He came to Knox County in the fall of 1856, locating first at Al- tona. He removed from there in 1862, to a farm near Knoxville, but returned in 1865 to Altona and there was engaged in the hardware and agricultural implement business up to 1873. From the year 1873 to 1877, he devoted his time to ditching and ditching machines, and in 1877-80, he was Deputy Sheriff un- A. W. Berggren. In the fall of 1880 he was elected Sheriff on the Republican ticket, and served two years, at which time, the law increasing the tenure of the office having gone into effect, he was re-elected in 1882 for the ensuing four years. Mr. Stuckey was united in marriage at Knoxville, in i860, wth Miss Margaret Norris, a native of Mar)'- land, and the four children born to them are George N., a bookkeeper; Samuel B., Deputy Sheriff; Nel- lie and Johnnie. Mr. Stuckey is known as an active Repullican; has filled many minor offices of the township in which he so long resided ; is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; identified with no particular church, and enjoys the friendship and confidence of all the better elements of the community. Though not wealthy, he is in comfortable circumstances, and, like a majority of the men worthy of a place in this volume, what of this world's goods he has has been acquired by his own individual effort and industry. It is gratifying to the publishers to present a portrait of this gentleman in connection with this brief outline of his life, and we know his friends, who are found in all parts of the county, will be highly pleased. Mr. Stuckey is a stern, matter-of-fact sort of a man and admirably fitted for the responsible position he holds. ■t owry J. Edgar is one of the enterprising farmers of Knox County, and resides on section 25, in Galesburg Township. He was born in Hart County, Ky., in 1827, and came to Illinois in 1835, with his parents, who located on the above section. He is the son of James and Sarah (Trowbridge) Edgar. The father was bom in Iredell County, N. C, Jan. 5, 1 78 1, and died Jan. 17, 1863, in this county. The mother was born in Essex County, N. J., April 10, 1787, and died Jan. ir, 1877, in Knox County. They were married in Kentucky in the year 1807 or 1808, and were the parents of 11 children, bom and named as follows: Thomas, born Jan. 19, 1809; David, May 27, 1810; William, Jan. 15, 1812; Jane, March 11, 1814; Job, Mays, 1816; James, Feb. I, 1818; Martha, Jan. 4, 1820; John, Sept. 12, 1822; Sarah, Oct. 5, 1824; Emma, Sept. 12, 1829, and Lowry J. as above stated. Lowr)- J., the tenth child, married Miss Martha A. Brown, March 6, 1859; she was born in June, 1833, in Hart County, Ky. Her parents, Armsted and Sarah (Ferguson) Brown, were also natives of Kentucky, the father being born Dec. 18, 1808, and d)-ing Dec. 17, 185 1, in Knox Count)-, and the mother was born Nov. 23, 1808, and died Feb. 25, 1874, also in Illinois. They were married March 3, 1 83 1, in Kentucky, and had six children— Martha A., born June 18, 1833 ; David M., Nov. 15, 1835 ; Mary J., May 9, 1838; WilHam T., March 12, 1841; John H., Sept. 23, 1843, and James L., April i, 1848. Mrs. Edgar's father belonged to the Democratic party, and both father and mother were members of the Baptist Church. All of these children were bom in this county except Martha A. She is the only sur- viving member of her family, all the others having died in this county. Mary J. died Aug. 17, 1851, aged 13 years 3 months and &days; William died Aug. 4, 1851, aged 10 years and 5 months; John H., Aug. 23, 185 1, aged 7 years and 11 months; James L., Aug. 5, 1 85 1, aged 3 years 4 months and 5 days. Mr. and Mrs. Edgar have four children, one of whom is deceased: Willett S., bom Dec. 27, 1859; Lillian J., bora Sept. 23, 1 861, now deceased ; Frank L., bom Aug. 30, 1865, and Charlie C, born Jan. i6, 1869. The following obituar)- of Lillian J. is copied from a local paper: "Lillian J., only daughter of L. J. and Martha Edgar, died Sept. 12, 1880, of con- sumption, at her father's residence in Galesburg Township, three miles west of Knoxx-ille, aged 18 years 1 1 months and 1 1 days. She was a young lady of unusual promise, and was dearly beloved by a large circle of acquaintances, and her sorrowing parents have the sympathy of the community in this sore bereavement." Mr. Edgar has 180 acres of fine land, on which is KNOX COUNTY. 7'3 an elegant residence 35x35 feel in size, and two stories high. His barn is 30x44. He is doing a general farming busir.ess. Nov. 20, 1849, he started for California, going via New Orleans and the Isthmus of Panama, landing at San Francisco and going into the gold mines. Remaining on the Pacific slope four years and a half, having accumulated a little stock in the world, in the spring of 1854 he returned to Illinois, where he has ever since remained. Mr. Edgar is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and was made a Mason in Pacific Lodge, No. 400, Kno.v- ville, 111., in 1864. In politics he is a Democrat. Coming of pioneer parentage, and growing up with the country, he has well kept pace with the advance of his time and has carved out for himself in his adopted county and State not only a competency, but a character for rigid honesty, and has secured the confidence and respect of his neighbors. Herbert Judd, M. D., a distinguished physician and surgeon, residing at Galesburg, was born at Franklin, N. Y., Dec. 22, 1843. He graduated at Auburn, N. Y., in 1867, and came to this city in 1868. W^ B. Olmsted, a gentleman who is closely . ^Ms identified with the agricultural progress of ^Ifc "° Knox County, is a retired farmer, residing on his beautiful farm, located in the township of Victoria. He was born Dec. 18, 1809, in Schoharie County, N. Y. His parents were Stephen and Cornelia (Van Buren) Olmsted, natives of Connecticut and New York respectively. The father departed for the better land in 1834, his de- mise occurring in New York State. The mother came to Illinois in 1832 and settled near Alton, Madison County, and her death occurred about 1850. The parental family of Mr. Olmsted consisted of 1 1 children, five now living — Henry B., Stephen, John, Sarah and Eunice. Stephen Olmsted and wife were j devout members of the Baptist Church. Mr. O. was a Jacksonian Democrat, and professionally a teacher, giving instruction at the district schools ; he was also a teacher of vocal music of considerable talent. Our subject remained under the parental roof un- -A til 16 years of age, when he engaged with a mer- chant as traveling salesman. This he followed up to the age of 21. Then, with the money saved from his earnings, Mr. Olmsted purchased an 8o-acre farm, to which he subsetiuently added 100 acres. This farm was located in Otsego County, N. Y. He remained ujMjn this purchase, cultivating the same, until 1857, the date of his arrival and settle- ment in Copley Township, Knox County, upon 80 acres of land. Here he remained for the space of six years, when he came to Victoria village. In Victoria he engaged in the mercantile business for a period of three years. He then removed to the place where he now lives, which consists of 40 acres. He is also the owner of village property. The gentleman whose biography we write was mar- ried Sept. t6, 1S31, to Miss Sarah Bemis, daughter of Zacheus and Susanah (Farnham) Bemis. They are the parents of three children, only one of whom is living, named Susanah, and now Mrs. William G. Carnes. She is the mother of one child, a son, Amos. Mrs. O. died in 1838, and our subject was the second time married, to Catherine Wilder, Aug. 4, 1838. She was the accomplished daughter of -^ Charles and Leah (Romans) Wilder, natives of the New York, who died in Otsego County, the mother in December, 1831, and the father in October, 1836. Their family consisted of eight children, five of whom are living and bear the names of Catherine, wife of our subject; Bernard, the second in order of birth ; Jane, now Mrs. Osinan ; John L., second son, and Rachel, now Mrs. James Marshall. The result of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Olmsted was ten children ; Charies W. married Mary V. Wet- more, and they have become the parents of five chil- dren — Edgar, Arthur, Cora, Peari and Harry G. Sa- rah Olmsted became the wife of William M. Wool- sey, and four children have been born to them, by name Harriet H., Henry B., Bert and Catherine (Harriet Woolsey married Enoch Robinson and is the mother of one little giri, Milred). Mahlon M. be- came the husband of Annie Osirander, and to them have been born four children, viz.: Jennie, Elroy, Mertia and Charies. Milion Z. Olmsted took to wife Luna Foster, and they have one child — Jack. Henry K. married Agnes Ross ; he had previously married Chariotte Tripp; she died, leaving no issue. Will O. Olmsted is the husband of Ora Whitman, and their children are Maud, Susie, Lucy and Robert. V ^^^^ 714 x^rox COUNTY. Aaron W. Olmsted is the husband of Ettie Robbins and their family circle numbers four children, namely, Lester, Harry, Paul and Blanche; Mary C. Olmsted became the wife of Alexander Ha,rry Gordon, and to them four children have been born — Arthur, Eflfie, John and James P. Stephen Edgar Olmsted was an Orderly in the 7 th 111. Cav., in the War of the Rebellion. He was taken ill, and died at the age of 25 years, in 1862, from typhoid fever contracted while in Camp Butler, Springfield, 111. Reuben died at the age of six years, and Osman died when an in- fant of nine weeks. Our subject and wife are members of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, in which denomination he is Trustee and Steward. In politics the entire family adheres to the principles of the Republican party. Mr. Olmsted has served Copley Township as Assess- or for four consecutive years, and is one of the prominent men of Victoria Township. ' fl^si: imeon L. CoUinson. Among the most i^^i substantial business men and best known [Ks ' farmers of Walnut Grove Township is Mr. \V. Collinson, who has always maintained a posi- { tion entitUng him to the confidence and good will of the community. He is now retired and resides on section 25, in this township. He was born in Yorkshire, England, July 7, 1806. His father was a farmer in the same county and died at the age of 82 years, at that place, after the son was grown to manhood. The gentleman whose name graces this history spent his early days in farm life in England until his 2Sth year, when he emigrated to the United States, embarking Nov. 4, 1831. He was seven weeks and five days crossing the Atlantic, and landed at New York City. In January of the following year he proceeded to Luzerne County, Pa., and took up his abode in Wilkesbarre. In 1838 he first came to Knox County, where he has remained ever since, becoming one of the wealthiest land-owners in the district. At a period not long ago he owned not less than 2,400 acres of good land, and gave to each of his children by his first wife 200 acres of this, improved. To one child by his last wife he deeded 300 acres. His farm at present consists of 200 acres of improved property. Much of his land has been worked up to its present state of cultivation from originally unbroken prairie land, indicating an energy and perseverance in Mr. Collinson not often met with. He was first married in Pennsylvania to Mary M. Craver. She was a German lady and born in that State. After a short illness she died at her home in this township, April 18, 1874, aged 61 years and 28 days. She was an earnest and thorough helpmate to Mr. C, a careful mother, and respected near and far by those who knew her best. Mr. Collinson's family consists of eight children, who evince to the observer the good bringing up and careful Christian training of devoted parents. His marriage with Mrs. Jane McClure, «tv Carna- han, in Victoria Township, was an event of much in- terest and took place Nov. i, 1874. This amiable lady was born in Scotland, Sept. 17, 1837, and arrived in the United States in July, 1867, and at once settled at Altona, Knox County. She is the mother of one child by the latter union, named Er- nest T., born October 17, 1875. By her first marriage she has had three children, one deceased. The two now living are named Robert and Thomas. The fam- ily are attendants of the Methodist Episcopal Church, where they are held in high esteem. Almost all the offices in connection with the township have been ably filled from time to time by Mr. Collinson. He was Assessor during the first two years after the or- ganization of the township of Walnut Grove. His political convictions are in the fullest sense Demo- cratic, his consistent attachment to principle in this regard winning him the good will of the party. ^amuel O. Stevens, one of the representa- tive men of Walnut Grove Township, is a resident of his farm of 150 acres, situated on section 30. This gentleman was born in Castile, Oneida County, N. Y., on the 24th of July, 1830. His father. Orange Stevens, was .1 native of Connecticut and married Parmela Belden, who was from Oneida County, N. Y. Mr. Stevens was the oldest but one of six children, two sons and four daughters. Three of these daugh- ters and one son survive. His father followed the calling of tanner, currier and shoemaker, in which H^ KNOX COUNTY. 7'S \ business he operated successfully. When our sub- ject was five years old, the whole family went to Pennsylvania, and in the year 1835 they settled in Erie County. It was only two years subsequent to this that the father was accidentally killed by the falling of a tree while chopping in the woods. His death took place in September, 1837. The mother, being an educated lady, became a proficient teacher, and practiced medicine for a number of years before her death, which occurred in Galesburg, 111. Many prominent students of Illinois, now grown to man and womanhood, will remember her genial disposi- tion and earnestness as a teacher. Her arrival in Chicago occurred in 1839, when she first came from Pennsylvania. Finally the family arrived in Knox County, and, to maintain her family, Mrs. Stevens took up the occupation of teacher in the public school. Her family were educated by her own efforts. Mr. Stevens received his education at Knox Col- lege, Galesburg, 111. With his two sisters, he com- menced teaching while yet young, attaining to proficiency in his 17th year. At 14 he had attained to great proficiency in mathematics, and at Galesburg assisted in this department. Up to the year 1831 he vigorously pursued his pro- fession as teacher, in connection with farming. In this capacity his success has been assured beyond a doubt. The mother of this gentleman died at Cen- ter Point in 1859. Mr. Stevens was married in Galesburg, 111., Nov. 25, 1851, to Miss Marinda Burge, who was a native of I>orain County, Ohio, and born September 15, 1831. She was the daughter of Dr. Adam and Ma- rinda (Close) Burge, both natives of New York State. Her mother's decease took place in Sullivan, Ix)rain County, Ohio, in 1833. The present lady was her mother's only daughter and came to Illinois in her seventh year in 183S, and she has since been a resi- dent in Knox County. In Galesburg she received her education and began teaching in her i8th year, which profession she pursued for three years. She has been the happy mother of ten children, one of whom is deceased; .Adella is the wife of Leslie W. Close, a grain-dealer, who resides at Deer Creek, Minn.; Orange B. married Amanda Stake and lives in Page County, Iowa ; has for several years been en- gaged in teaching; Martha O. is the wife of .Mbert Wallace Kendall, a farmer of Garden City, Blue Earth County, Minn.; Arthur A. is now in Lincoln, Neb., and a teacher by profession; Edwin L. is in Western Kansas; Mary A. is engaged in dressmak- ing and resides at home; Addie E., a milliner, also residing at home ; Alva R. and Minnie E. are at home, and Frank E. is deceased. The family are connected with the Congregational Church at Oneida. Politically, Mr. Stevens may be numbered among the solid Republicans of his vi- cinity. iUiam Main is a general farmer and stock- ^^ raiser on section 8 of Walnut Grove Town- He was bom in Ayrshire, Scot- land, on the 1 2th of May, 1845. The his- tory of his parentage is referred to at length in our sketch of Andrew Main. After the death of our subject's mother, he came with his lather and other members of the family to the United States. Mr. Main was the oldest of his parents' children. .\bout one year after his father came to this country, locating as already stated, William set out to make his own living. In July, 1862, he enlisted in the cause of the Union, joining the io2d 111. Vol. Inf., Co. I, Capt. E. H. Conger. He participated in the battles of Resaca, Dalton, Cassville, New Hope, Burnt Hic'Kor)' and Lost Mountain ; also Peach Tree Creek and the siege in and around Atlanta. In Sa- vannah, Ga., he also saw some active service, and subsequently at Bentonville, which closed the list of principal battles. In all these our subject escaped unhurt. For a brief time he was detained as forager, and was dis- charged June 15, 1865 ; returning again to Illinois, he engaged with his old employer, .\braham Clearwater, of Ontario Township, for whom he had previously worked eight years. In company with his brother .Andrew, he purchased his first land, a tract of 160 acres. The latter now lives in this township. The present farm of 160 acres was purchased in 1875. This is in an exceedingly high state of cultivation, and his success as a farmer has made itself appar- ent in almost every department in which he has had a hand. On the 19th of February, 1873, he was married at the home of the bride's parents, in Walnut Grove Township, to .Ann, daughter of Hugh Andrews (referred to in our bbgraphies of Hugh and John ^^ 4 716 XNOX COUNTY. H' Andrews). Mrs. Main of this notice was bom in Ayrshire, Scotland, on the rsth of May, 1849, and was only six years old when her parents first came to the United States. She received her education in Altona, and resided with her parents up to the date of her marriage. By this union there have been three children— Thomas P., Maggie M. and Jennie G. Mrs. Main is a leading member of the Presby- terian Church, and is an excellent mother and care- ful wife. The Republican party has in Mr. Main a gen- tleman who has always stood firm to its prii ciples. Though not ostentatious in his political expressions, he, however, keeps a watchful eye upon the political movements of his time. on. John C. Cover is the present Mayor of the city of Knoxville. He is a stanch Re- ^1^ publican and takes an active interest in local politics. Mayor Cover was born eight miles from Gettysburg, Adams Co , Pa., on the 9th of March, 1829, and is the son of Jacob and Mary >^ (Jones) Cover, both natives of Maryland. He grew up from boyhood in tlie county of his birth, and his father, who was a tanner by trade, took him as an apprentice to learn the same when he was 14 years of age. Learning the trade, John followed it until 1854, at which time, being a young man of 25, with an earnest wish to get on in the world, and sturdy business principles, he launched his little boat on the wide sea of commerce, and purchased for him- self a general store in Adams County, Pa., at a point known as Flohr's Church. His efforts being pros- pered, he sold out after a successful trade which lasted until 1856, and at this time, having disposed of his property to his satisfaction, he came to Gales- burg, where he bought out a clothing store and com- menced in this line of trade. This store he retained but a short time, coming to Knoxville in 1857, and opening a provision store. At the end of one year devoted to this business he was elected City Marshal and apix)inted Deputy Sheriff at the same time. These offices he held four years, and in 1862 was elected Sheriff for a term of two years, afterward ap- pointed Deputy Sheriff, and in 1866, he, with Will- iam Armstrong, took a contract for the erection of an almshouse for the county. This was completed in 1 867 , and in the fall of that year he opened a boo^ and stationery store, in which he continued up to 1883, when he disposed of the same and changed to the druggist's business. This he followed only one year, at the expiration of which time he sold out to his son, who still carries on the business. In the year 1866-67, Mr. Cover was elected Al- derman, and in r869-7o Mayor, which office he has filled in a manner reflecting much credit upon him and his many friends, by his just and equitable man- ner of dispensing pubhc affairs. He holds '.he office of Justice of the Peace, to which he was appointed in r885, the -date of his re-election to the Mayoralty. The subject of our sketch formed a matrimonial alliance with Isabella Mary L. Cooper, who was born at Gettysburg, Pa., Aug. 30, 1831. This happy event was celebrated Nov. r6, 1852. Mrs. Cover is the only daughter of Thomas J. and Margaret (Barr) Cooper. To Mr. and Mrs. Cover have been bovn one son and three daughters, as follows: Margaret E., vvife of Frederick Smith, whose home is in Corn- ing, Iowa; John P.; Mary Alice, who wedded Orton ' B. Arras, and who resides in Knoxville, and Mabel L., the youngest daughter, at home with her parents. Mr. Cover has given his children the benefit of a ^ thorough education, the two older daughters being graduates of St. Mary's School. As previously stated, our subject is a public worker in all that has for its object the advancement of the moral and material welfare of the community in which he resides. He comes of the old-line Whigs and entered the Republican party as one of its char- ter members, being one of the very first to join it at the time of its founding. He cast his first presiden- tial vote for Gen. Scott and his second for John C. Fremont, and has upheld the doctrines of the party represented by the latter since that time. Mrs. Cover came of a direct hne of Scotch ancestr)', al- though her father and mother were both American- born, the latter entering life in Pennsylvania and the former in Maryland. larles S. Clark, engaged as an agricult- urist on section 7 of Victoria Township, where he is enjojnng success in his voca- tion and is regarded as one of Knox County's respected citizens, was born in Roxbury, Del- aware County, N. Y., June 4, 1835. He is a son of Job W. and Hepsey (Wood) Clark, natives of -4- KNOX COUNTY. 717 the Empire State, who were married in Delaware County in 1833. The family of the senior Mr. Clark and wife numbered six children, four of whom are still living and bear the names of Charles S., William P., Sarah E. (Mrs. Powell) and Luman R. Those dead are Marion, who married C. D. Sorn- borger and left two children named Clifford and Clyde. The. Judson died in infancy. Upon arrival in Illinois, in 1S55, they first located at Victoria Township, remaining there for two years, when they removed to Copley Township, purchasing 160 acres on section 13, and lived upon the same for one year. Thence they removed to the village of Victoria. By subsequent purchase Mr. Clark, Sr., added to his al- ready accumulated possessions 240 acres. Mr. Job W. Clark died January 24, 1884. His widow still survives him and is residing at Victoria village, aged 70 years. Charles S. Clark, at the age of 21 years, com- menced to clerk for Whiting & Copley, with whom he remained for two years. He then 'engaged with his father in farming on shares on section 13, in Cop- ley. He worked in this way for three years, when, in i860, he visited Pike's Peak and mined there for about nine months. On returning to Illinois, he re- sumed farming on section 13, where he remained for four years. In 1S65 Mr. C. purchased 160 acres on section 8, Victoria Township, and followed farming there for one year, at the expiration of which time he launched into the mercantile business at Victoria, 1:. company with Homer Gaines, the partnership exist- ing for one year. He then purchased 1 1 o acres where he now lives, adding to the same by subsequent purchases until he is now the owner of 710 acres of highly cultivated land, the greater portion of which is valued at §75 per acre. Upon his fine farm he has erected a handsome dwelling with surrounding im- provements, costing, together with other necessary and substanual buildings, §2,500. He is extensively engaged in the breeding of Short-horn cattle and the raising of cereals. March 21, 1861, he was married to Miss Almiiia Hedstrom. She was born at Farmington, October 12, 1840, and is a daughter of Jonas J. and Diantha (Sornborger) Hedstrom, natives of Sweden and New York respectively. The parents came to Illinois in 1835, and the father engaged in blacksmithing at Farmington, Fulton County, and lived at that place for four years. In 1843 he purchased 60 acres on section 18, Victoria Township, and witli others joined in laying out the village of Victoria, May 11, 1849, one-third of the village plat being located on his land. At that place he also engaged in blacksmith- ing and followed the trade for some years. Mr. Hed- strom was ordained minister in 1840, and was the or- ganizer of the Methodist Episcopal Church (Ameri- can), in 1847, and the Methodist Episcopal Church (Swedibh), at Galesburg, in 1852, and the Swedish Church of Victoria in 1850. Jonas J. Hedstrom continued to preach and organize churches until his death. May ii, 1859; his wife died July 6, 1874. The family of Mr. and Mrs. H. consisted of five chil- dren, three of whom survive, and are named Ahnina, wife of our subject ; Jane, who married a Mr. Becker, and George L. The names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Clark are Irwin J., Marj- L, who became Mrs. N.C. Robbins; Charles D., Jennie B. and John P. In political principles, our subject is a Greenbacker. He has held the offices of Road Commissioner, School Trustee and Director, and is the present incumbent of the office of Supervisor of this town. •^aasQfS^^ |4?4— --^^-aOTv " ..(^C^lr^iamuel Caulkins. Prominent among the - ^ ' public men of Knoxville, and holding the ■ office of Justice of the Peace, is the subject jlV; of this brief personal sketch. He ranks high in educational circles, which enlist his sym- pathies and attention in a marked degree. He is also a deep thinker on matters of public and pri- vate good, and is an important factor in the Repub- lican party as represented in his locality. Mr. Caulkins was born in Washington County, Ind., Oct. 28, 1821, and his father was a native of New York, being born in Onondaga County in 1782. His grandfather, who, like his son, bore the name of Joel, was a native of New York, and a soldier of Revolutionary fame, claiming Washington as a com- mander, and drawing a pension all the later years of his life. He departed this life in Onondaga County, N. Y., in which part of the State the father of the subject grew to manhood. Eariy in life he made the acquaintance of and subsequently married Desire =lJL! 7i8 KNOX COUNTY. Barnard, also a native of that county. The newly wedded pair lived in that county until 1819, at which time they removed into Washington County, in which section of the country they were pioneers. Buying a tract of timber, he laid out his farm, locating its boundaries and making that their home until 1857, when he sold out and came to Illinois, settling in Iroquois County. H*re he bought a farm and com- menced to work it, which he continued the remainder of his life. His death occurred May 5, 1879, and that of his wife in 1858. In their family Samuel was the seventh child in order of birth. Mr. Caulkins reached maturity in the county which gave him birth, and during the years of his boyhood and younger manhood assisted his father on the home farm and attended the district school for the purpose of cultivating himself and adding to his education. He had a keen appreciation of advantages of this character and improved them assiduously. He con- tinued at home up to the date of his marriage, which was celebrated Dec. 8, 1842, with Sarah Ann Stewart, a native of Ohio. Near the old homestead he bought land, which he worked until 1855, and then sold it and came to Knox County, where he bought 200 acres of land, on which a log cabin stood, and this, with the 14 acres of broken land, constituted all the improvements on the place. Nevertheless he began the cultivation of the same undiscouraged, hedged it with osage orange, erected a neat frame house, com- modious and durable, and planted fruit and shade trees. His effoiis were to his credit, and the results were soon plainly apparent. He continued on his farm until 1882, when he sold and came to Knox- ville, buying his present residence on North street, and a little farm of 58 acres inside the corporate limits of Knoxville. Mr. and Mrs. Caulkins have calmly and unitedly trodden the path of life together, one in interest, affection and purpose, and their home has been brightened by the advent of seven children, viz. : EUzabeth, wife of Samuel Harper, living in Knox Townsliip; William, whose home is in Orange Town- ship; Henry, who also resides in Knox Township; John, living in Knoxville ; Martha, wife of Frank Peterson, wliose home is in Orange Township, and Mary, wife of Perry Harper, a resident of Knoxville. Mr. Caulkins and wife are devoted working members of the Presbyterian Church, and support by their help and presence all philanthropic, charitable and worthy enterprises, and are highly esteemed as true friends and desirable neighbors. J. Ross, owning 70 acres of land in Victoria Township, upon which he resides, is en- gaged in the calling of an agriculturist and 1^ also to some extent in the raising of fine stock. His farm is located on section 10. Our sub- ject was born in New Jersey, April 14, 1835, and is the son of Benjamin and Nancy (Norcross) Ross, natives of New Jersey. The parents were farmers and had a family of 11 children, nine of whom survive, namely: Joseph, Roxana, Samuel, Andrew J., Patience, Benjamin, William, Edward and Hannah. The elder Mr. Ross died in 1856. His widow is still living and makes her home with her daughter Patience. The subject of our sketch received a good com- mon-school education and remained upon the home farm until 22 years of age. After leaving home he , | engaged to work out by the month on the farm for three years, and in 1858 came to Illinois, locating in Knox County. At Walnut Creek he rented a farm, upon which he remained for two years, removing thence to near Galva, where he rented another farm for one year. He then removed to Henry County, where he again rented a farm two miles north of Galva. From there he returned to Walnut Creek, where he remained for two years, and in 1864 re- moved to New Jersey, and there lived for 18 months. Six months of this time he worked in a saw-mill and the remainder of the time on a farm. In 1866 he returned to Walnut Creek and rented until 1870, when he purchased 70 acres of land, upon which is his present home, and where he is engaged in farm- ing and the breeding of stock. He has made all the necessary improvements on his farm, and has beau- tified the same by setting out shade, fruit and orna- mental trees. Sept. 5, 1858, our subject was married to Miss Mary A., daughter of Charles and Patience (Chew) Downs, natives of New Jersey. Her parents were farmers in their native State. Mary A. was the youngest of a family of ten children, only three of whom survive. The record is as follows : Bennijah, Charity and Mary A., now Mrs. Ross. Mr. Downs •-Kn LIBRARY OF THE l.liVERSITY OF ILUH' -e-f KNOX COUNTY. 721 ^^ died in 1865. His widow is still suiviving and re- sides with her son, Bennijah. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Ross has been hlest by the birth of two children — Ella and Lizzie, the latter of whom became the wife of John GofT, Sept. 3, 1885. Mr. Ross is a Greenbacker in politics. jj^rjLiklark E. Carr. Sometime in the first half iil^S* of the 17th century, Rev. John Clark, for ^hp ^ alleged heresy, consisting in the advocacy ^; ; of a doctrine objectionable to some of those K Puritans whom Mrs. Hemans said " left un- j stained what there they found, freedom to worship God," considered it necessary for him to leave Massachusetts, and he joined Roger Williams in Rhode Island, where he was Acting Governor of the Province in 1669. About the same time Caleb Carr also took up his abode in Rhode Island, where he died while Governor of that colony, Dec. 17, 1695. (See Arnold's History of Rhode Island.) The son of one and a daughter of the other of these two gentlemen, Carr and Clark, intermarried, hence the union of the Carrs and Clarks, the two names whereof have since been handed down from genera- tion to generation, and hence the name of the sub- ject of our sketch, Clark E. Carr, great-great-grand- son of the two old colonial Governors of Rhode Island. His father was Clark M. Carr, and his mother before marriage was Delia A. Torrey. One of her ancestors, Samuel Torrey, was for many years a Presbyterian pastor at Salem, Mass., in the early part of the 17 th century, and it is more than probable that he took a hand in the persecutions which re- sulted in driving the Clarks and Carrs out of Massa- chusetts. Clark M. and Delia A. (Torrey) Carr, natives respectively of New York and Connecticut, were united in marriage in Erie County, N. Y., where their four sons, now Gen. E. A. Carr, of the United States regular army; Col. B. O. Carr, a prominent citizen of California; Rev. H. M. Carr, of the Baptist Church, and Clark E. Carr, were born, and where Mrs. Carr, their mother, died in 1 839. The father remar- ried in Erie County, and by his second wife, nee Fan- nie L. Yaw, reared a son, Capt. George P. Carr, de- ceased, and a daughter, now Mrs. J. C. Fahnnestock, of Galesburg. The family came West in 1850, spent some time in Henry County, and located at Gales- burg, in the fall of 185 i, where the father, Clark M. Carr, was for many years a prominent and honored citizen. He died in 1876, at the age of 72 years. Clark E. Carr was born at Boston Corners, Erie (-0., N. Y., May 20, 1836. From the age of five years he was kept quite regularly at school, and after coming to Galesburg went through the Sophomore year in Knox College. From here he went to I'oughkeepsie (N. Y.) Law School, where he re- mained a year, subsequently entering the Albany Law School, from which institution he graduated in 1857, with the degree of LL. B. Returning to Gales- burg, he at once formed a partnership with Mr. Thomas Harrison in the practice of the law, and three years later with Hon. O. F. Price as Carr & Price, the latter partnership lasting about two years. He subsequently purchased the Galesburg Repub- lican, and for four years, as editor, made it a red-hot political paper (see Republican- Register , this volume). In March, 1861, soon after the inauguration of Presi- dent Lincoln, Mr. Carr was appointed Postmaster at Galesburg. He held this position si.x full terms — 24 years — under Piesidents Lincoln, Johnson, Granti '" Hayes, Garfield and Arthur, all the time the Repub- lican party was in power. He was a faithful and conscientious officer, and during his entire adminis- tration he was never censured by the department, and scarcely ever criticized. He always surrounded himself with worthy and capable assistants, and it is his boast that, with scarcely an e.xception, the young men who have grown up in the post-office have taken high rank as worthy and honorable citizens. Col. Carr has labored actively in politics since he was 20 years of age, during all of which time the Republican parly has been the recipient of his best efforts. He stumped his county for Fremont and Dayton, in 1856, and in the various campaigns since that date his voice has been heard in almost every State in the Union. He is regarded as one of the most powerful and effective stump speakers in the United States, and has a rare faculty of not only en- tertaining his audiences, but convincing them. Dur- ing the last four or five great presidential campaigns few men have been of greater service to his party on the stump than Col. Clark E. Carr. He has been a lK)wer felt in the East as well as the West, and in the largest cities of the country. He is grapliic in his description of both men and measures, and no man -^ 722 KNOX COUNTY. in the nation has greater use of the powerful weapons of wit and sarcasm than he. He is a speaker of force and ability, and many of his addresses, other than purely political, have been published, republished and favorably commented upon by the leading papers of the country. At the great Union mass meeting of all ix.litical parties, held at Chicago, Sept. 23, 1863, called together for the purpose of sustaining Presi- dent Lincoln and encouraging him in his purpose of issuing his great Emancipation Proclamation, Mr. Carr was one of the principal speakers. We are per- mitted to make a few extracts from his address on that occasion. In the course of his address he said : " We are assembled here, citizens of this great re- public, for the purpose of taking counsel together upon questions of the greatest importance. Let no man call himself a Democrat to-night, or a Republi- can, or a Whig, but let us all, without party trammels or partisan interest, turn our attention to our beloved country and ask how we can best assist her in this hour of her great adversity. Let none fear that he will lose his political party. When the proper time comes, when the country is saved, when the breakers tare past and the ship of state shall once more reach the open sea, then we can call into existence parties. But at this time, when treason raises its head in our very midst, let us not talk of party." ***** After paying a glowing tribute to the memory of Stephen A. Douglas, Mr. Carr continued: "lam for the Emancipation Proclamation. I believe it is just and right and constitutional. The Constitution gives the President authority to put down insurrec- tion, and it follows that he has the right to make use of ■all necessary power to do so. If confiscation or eman- cipation, the President is authorized to proclaim con- fiscation or emancipation. It is our duty to use every- thing in our power to weaken the rebels and strength en ourselves. In the language that fell from the in- spired lips of Patrick Henry : ' We are not weak if we make the proper use of the means which God and nature have placed in our power.' At this time God has placed emancipation in our power, as a means to put down rebellion, and it is our duty to make a ' a proper use of it.' * * * * ig it possible that a loyal man can think the proclamation unjust?" * * * * (A Voice — "You are an Abolitionist.") " You may call me an Abolitionist or anything if you do not call me a traitor or a sympathizer with trai- tors. What loyal man can object to the proclama- tion ? If you are in favor of making use of all other means to put down the rebellion, why not make use of this ? Certainly we have the right, under the rules of war, to cripple the enemy in every way in our power. * * * * Soldiers in the Rebel Army have slaves in their places on the plantation. Free the slaves and the soldiers must go home. * * * * I am for the Constitution which gives the Presi- dent authority to put down insurrection. It is the watchword of the enemies of the Government that they are for the Union as it was. I am not for the ' Union as it was" when James Buchanan was President— a union that would allow a member of the Cabinet to steal the arms and money of the Govern- ment for the traitors ; a union that would allow State after State to secede, without an effort to restrain ; a union that would quietly see batteries planted against the fort on which waved the banner of the Republic. No, I am not for the Union as it was in those degen- erate times. But I am for the Union as it was in the days of the Fathers, when the power of the Gov- ernment was respected, when pure and wise men oc- cupied high positions, when plunder of the public property was regarded as a crime, when insurrection and rebellion were put down, when the genius of lib- erty presided at the capital. I am for ' the Union as it was.' " Of an address delivered by Mr. Carr at a Fourth- of-July picnic in 1878, the Chicago Times editorially says: "Among the public speeches on the recent Fourth of July, one of the most sensible and timely was the plain talk of Col. Clark E. Carr, of Gales- burg. It was one of the best Fourth-of-July orations ever delivered, because, in the first place, the speaker did not say one word about the ' glorious Fourth,' or' the day we celebrate ; ' or ' the Nation's birthday' (which it is not), or rehearse any of the other cheap claptrap with which for a whole century Americans have been supplied by conceited asses, ad nauseam." It was a plain talk by a plain man, addressing him- self to an ordinary, plain, common-sense people in relation to one of the most contemptible of all the colossal shams of the times." This address was very generally copied by the press of the country. Almost every leading journal upon the continent copied it with favorable comments, as did also the leading periodicals for the instruction of the youth of the land. It was delivered at a time when the country was r h 1-^ KNOX COUNTY. 723 agitated by the socialistic elements then threatening the disruption of our internal system of commerce, and arrested general attention because it was a con- clusive contradiction of the claim that the laboring classes were mercilessly ground to the earth, and without hope of relief other than in revolution. After a vivid comparison of the hardships and priva- tions endured by the pioneers of Knox County with the opportunities now opened by other Western and Southern States. Col. Carr continued : " If those men who shouted themselves hoarse in applause of the speakers at the socialistic meeting, recently held in Chicago, would make half the sacrifices and go through half of the hardships, and practice half the self-denial practiced by the men who came 1,500 miles through the wilderness forty -two years ago to locate this Galesburg colony, they would in a very few years be settled in life with such comforts as our pio- neers in this community enjoy. What a difference there is between emigrating now to the West and that of coming when those two boys, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, made their way to Illinois. Now in Nebraska and Kansas and Texas, and in most of the new Stales you can have a railroad run- ning to your very door. Talk about hard times now. The young man who came to Illinois and started a farm when Galesburg was settled had to give half a bushel of wheat or a whole ham to pay the postage on a letter to his sweetheart." So, throughout, the entire address is replete with shining and striking parallels and irrefutable argu- ment, and we repeat our regret that our lack of space forbids us to reproduce it in full. Glancing over a scrap-book filled with Mr. Carr 's speeches and treating upon every subject with which the people are familiar, and all worthy of reproduc- tion, the writer is so struck with the concluding re- marks uttered in his memorial address upon Gen. Grant, delivered at Galesburg, Aug. 8, 1885, that he gives them place in this sketch : " It is now too early to properly estimate Gen. Grant. We are too near him. We are still in the shadow. As, drawn by the inexorable drive-wheels of time, humanity moves away from the rocky moun- tain defiles of war, in which so many were over- whelmed, down the foot-hills and out upon the wide plains of ordinary, commonplace history and ex- perience, men and women will pause again and again at each passing station, and contemplate the sublime heights from which they are regretfully re- ceding. Then the great character of Gen. Grant, in all its majesty and grandeur, will stand out before them, sublime, eternal, and they will appreciate, as we cannot to-day, the life which has just been rounded up. They will see the rugged inequalities, the clouds and darkness, and the sunlit glones, and they will in some degree comprehend its height and depth, its length and breadth. " How loth we are to leave this sacred dust to mix forever with the elements, to be brother to the insensible rock and to the sluggish clod ! How with Ibnd, earnest look a whole great Nation lingers around the bier of this man, who '"Taiight US how to live aud Oli! too high The prii-fi of knowledf^e, taujjht us how to die." "This is no hero worship. His was not mere military glory. There is no path, however weary and sorrowful, which he has not trod. He drank to the dregs the bitter cups of poverty and want, of humili- . ation, of sorrow. He stood before kings, and was himself a ruler mightier than they. Without brilliant personal endowments such as arrest the attention and, dazzle the eye, by the quiet force of persistent efforts, directed by sound discretion and constant devotion to duty, he performed where so many failed. "The record of his extraordinary life is all made up. His courage, his fortitude, his gentleness, his simple, unaffected devotion, his patience, his con- stancy will be themes of encomium and panegyric so long as men think and act and labor and love. " Farewell, great leader, illustrious citizen, noble benefactor, generous, faithful friend. Rest forever in that peace which your own deeds achieved, and your own voice commended. Rest forever upon the bosom of humanity, close to that gentle Master in whose service you never faltered. ' The whole earth is your sepulcher." 'All time is the millenium of your glory.' " In publishing here part of the several addres«- es delivered upon widely different occasions by the subject of this sketch, we do so purely on the merits of the itiatter reproduced, and wholly disconnected with any purpose of either pro or con influencing any one of the thousands of readers whose eyes will scan these pages, both within and without the State of Illinois. In writing of a living man it is not the province of the biographer to state many conclusions, -M» i 724 J^JVOX COUNTY. but it is his duty to publish such facts as will tend to present fairly, even to strangers, something approxi- mating, if possible, the worth and merit of the sub- ject treated. After the breaking out of the war Gov. Yates ap- pointed Mr. Carr upon his staff, with the rank of Colonel, and from that time to the close of the war we find that much of his attention was given to the organization of regiments at Springfield ; visiting the army in the field upon special service; carrying or- ders; bringing home the sick and wounded ; and, in short, as expressed by letter written by Gov. Yates at the close of the war, " No man not directly in the army did more for the service." He was a delegate to the National Convention at Baltimore, which met in 1864, and renominated our martyred President, Lincoln, and was also a delegate-al -large in 1884 and assisted in the nomination of J. G. Blaine. He was one of the Board of Commissioners of t Illinois of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg. It If may not be generally known that it was this Board II that invited Mr. Lincoln to be present upon that li.,memorable occasion. I Col. Carr was united in matrimonial bonds with I Miss Grace Mills, a native of Oneida County, N. Y. I Their nuptials wjre celebrated Dec. 31, 1873, at ,■ Mount Carroll, 111. She was a daughter of the late Hon. Henry A Mills. The two children of Col. and Mrs. Carr are by name Julia C. and Clark M. G. Anderson is senior partner of the firm of Anderson & Johnson, proprietors of the "City Mills," Galesburg, III. (See biog- raphy of N. O. G. Johnson, this volume.) These mills are located at 123 South Kellogg street, and have a capacity of about 40 barrels per day; they were built in 1870 or 187 i, and came into the hands of their present owners in r88o;from 1882 to 1885 A. R. Stover was interested with them. The mill produces an extra fine quality of flour, the entire product for home consumption. Mill and property are all owned by Anderson & Johnson. Mr. Anderson was born near Falkoping, Sweden, Oct. 26, 1844, and came to America with his parents, Andrew and Anne Mary Anderson, in 1864. They came directly to Galesburg, where the father died in 1869, and where Mrs. A. yet lives. They reared a family of two sons and four daughters, A. G. being the eldest. He was educated in Sweden and brought up to the milling business under his father. His first employment here was as brakeman for the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. He followed railroading for 15 years, the last 13 being in the capacity of freight conductor. He was elected to the Galesburg City Council from the Second Ward in 1881, and re-elected twice there- after. Nov. 13, 1870, at Galesburg, Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Kate Lundquist, a native of Sweden, and they have become the parents of two children, Estella Luvina and an infant deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. A. is a Master Mason. illiam McCornack is a farmer living on > section 8 of Copley Township, Knox !ounty, and was born in Creetown village, on the Cree River, Scotland, March 22, 1832. His parents were Samuel and Jenette (Tait) McCornack They were natives of Scot- land; the father by trade was a carpenter, and, also owning a saw-mill, had a good source of income. They came to America in 1839, and settled four miles east of Knoxville. There they purchased 40 acres of land, on which they remained until 1852. They then removed into Copley Township and pur- chased 160 acres on section 8, on which they lived until 1872. He then moved into Oneida village and erected a house, living there until the death of the husband and father, in 1878. The mother followed him in 1880. Their family consisted of four children, as follows: William, Margaret, James and Andrew. James died in 1874. The subject of our sketch remained at home until he reached the age of 29 years. He studied two years at Monmouth College, and was a well-informed and intelligent youth. His general knowledge of things and his worldly experience were fairly good, and he was liked and respected by those he met during these years. He was married on the 4th of March, 1861, to Miss Angeline Bacon, daughter of Jirah and Maria (Reeves) Bacon. Five boys and one girl were the r *v KNOX COUNTY. 725 result of this union — Jirah S., Edwin B., Ivan W., VVillard H. and James L. The little girl died in less than a year after birth. Mrs. McCornack died the 22d of July, 1S80, and Mr. McCornack remarried Sept. 27, 18S3, the second lady of his choice being Miss Ellen Doak, daughter of William and Helen (McKee) Doak, natives of Scotland. They died in the land of their birth Sept. 8, 1S78, and Feb. 6, 1879, respectively. Mr. McCornack moved onto the place he now occupies in i86i,and at that lime laid the foundation of his present home. He is now the owner of 640 acres. 320 in Knox County and 320 in Iowa. He devotes his attention chiefly to the raising of grain, hogs and cattle, and is very successful. He values his land at §40 per acre. In politics Mr. McCornack is a Republican, and has held some of the minor offices of his county, being Collector and School Treasurer for several years. He takes a deep in- terest in education and the prosperity of the schools f of his county. He and his wife, hand in hand a , I Christian bond of union, are enrolled as members of 1 the Presbyterian Church. ^ \ eter Nelson, the subject of this brief per- sonal history, ranks among the successful fc3'-i?f business men of Galesburg. He was born in Christianstadt Gualof, Sweden, 1840, and is the son of Nels Anderson and Betsey (Truakson) Nelson. Our subject had learned the cabinet-making trade from his father, and, being an.xious to apply his talents in the New World, in i860 set sail for America. Upon his arrival on the Ameri- can shores he came almost immediately to Gales- burg. Here he applied himself to his trade, which he followed for 16 years and then embarked in the grocery business, which he has very successfully carried on since that time, doing an annual business of $50,000. In 1884 he joined Mr. McChesney, and added the ice business to his already extensive oper- ations. Peter Nelson was married at Galesburg to Miss Anne Maria, daughter of August Nelson, a native of Sweden, and who departed this life in 1864, after having become the mother of a daughter, Hilma R. Our subject was again married to Mrs. Ella Edvall, nte Nelson. Mrs, Edvall was a daughter of Sebe Nelson, also a native of Sweden. This union was blest with a son and daughter, who bear the names of Harry and Jennie. Mr. Nelson and family attend worship at the First Lutheran Church. He is a liberal contributor to all measures tending toward the advancement of his adopted city, and although averse to holding public office, he gives considerable attention to the i)lacing of worthy men in public positions, regardless of party. els Peterson, manufacturer of snuff, Gales- burg, was born in Southern Sweden, near Christianstadt, June 11, 1834. His parents were Peter and OUe (Olson) Nelson. In 1863 Mr. Peterson came to America, and on July I of that year landed at Galesburg. He learned the art of snufT-making thereafter, while on y a visit to his native country, but did not utilize his knowledge until 1869. To the energetic foreigner landing on our shores, and without employment of the kind to which he has been accustomed, it proves a great trial, more especially as he must not only acquire the language spoken here, but must adopt the different customs and habits peculiar to our people. These difficulties Mr. Peterson resolved to overcome, and bent himself to the herculean task. After working for two years in the railway service he engaged with George W. Brown & Co., with which company he worked for eleven winters. In 1867 he brought his widowed mother to this country, where she died in 1S81, and was buried here with a son's kind care. He also brought a sister, Celia, who was afterward married to Frank Lilliedahl, and they are now residing in Nebraska. In 1869 Mr. Peterson built a small factory for the purpose of snufT-making, and began business, working at it in the summer seasons and in the George W. Brown & Co. factory in the win- ter. He gradually kept increasing his business as his circumstances would permit, and to-day he has an extensive trade, his last year sales amounting to 64,000 pounds of snufT, or in value over $20,000. He has built himself a comfortable residence, and owns and controls a valuable property. Mr. Peterson was married, at Galesburg, to Ellen -H- -f -^ 726 KNOX COUNTY. Monson, also born in Sweden in 1830. Their union was blest with two daughters, now estimable and intelligent young ladies. Esther Othelia, the eldest, is a graduate of the High School, and has passed a full commercial course of study in the Business College at Galesburg. She is a young lady of many accomplishments. The younger daughter, Annie Nathalia, is very bright in her studies and will graduate from the High School this year (1886). The family are all members of the Lutheran Church. Our subject is a worthy example of what may be attained by diligence and persistent industry. He is a much respected citizen, and contributes liberally to all measures pertaining to the public good. -^ ^#^ ^ .dward A. Cardiff is a general farmer on section 2, Lynn Township, and has been in this vicinity since December, 1865. He was born in Fulton County, Pa., July 7, 1845, and his father, William F., was also a na- tive of that State and county. William F. Cardiff was a merchant by vocation, and was mar- ried in Fulton County, Pa., to Catherine Sipes (see sketch of J. M. Sipes). They came to Illinois, in April, 1864, locating near Galva, where the mother died in March, 1869. The father is still living, in Galva. In politics he is a Republican, and in religion a Meth- odist. The subject of our sketch Hved at home up to the time he enlisted as a soldier, going from Fulton County, Pa., Feb. 28, 1864, into the 22d Pa. Vol. Cav., Co. H, under the command of Capt. Jolly. He took an active part in the engagements under Gen. Sheridan, through the Shenandoah Valley and at the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, besides the Western Virginia campaign, and others; his horse was shot from under him at Cedar Creek, Va. He was never excused from duty on account of sickness and participated in every engagement of his regiment — 24 in all — and was honorably discharged at the end of the war at Harrisburg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1865. Shortly after the close of the war Mr. Cardiff came to Illinois, where his parents had arrived the year before. His father was Captain of Co. B, 3d Md. Vol. Inf. He was out two and one-half years and at no time wounded, but was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry. He held his commission during the whole time, being paroled when captured, and was honorably discharged. This was before he came to Illinois. Mr. Cardiff was married March 13, 1872, at Lynn Township, to Miss Latrode R. Sellon, born in Lynn Township, Aug. 6, 1849. Her parents are both dead. Her father was for many years a minister of the Protestant Methodist Church, and lived on his farm. They came from England to this country prior to their marriage, and made settlement at an early day in Knox County. The father, whose name was Ed- ward Sellon, departed this life Dec. 23, 1883, in Galva, and the mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Charles, died Oct. 3, 1873. Mrs. Cardiff lived at home until her marriage with our subject. She is the mother of five children — Ira D., Bessie C, Ada J., Nellie I. and William E. Mr. Cardiff has lived at his present residence since 1874. He and his wife are members of the Meth- ' odist Episcopal Church, at Galva, attending it when convenient. Mr. Cardiff is Republican in politics. ^ .iram R. King. Prominent among the lead- ing citizens and general farmers residing in this section may be named the subject of this biography, who resides in tlie vicinity of Galva, on section 28, Lynn Township. He came to this county in 1854, from Crawford County, Ind., having been born in Summit, 111., Jan. 21, 1839. His father, Ambrose King, was a farmer and a native of New York State, and went to Luzerne County, Pa., when young and was married in Summit County, Ohio, where he had gone. His bride was Sallie Root, who was born and reared in Ohio. A family of five children, four sons and one daughter (three of the former now living), were born to them. The moth- er's health failed and her death occurred in Summit County, in 1840. The father was again married, this time to Harriet Porter, and afterward, after the birth of three children in Crawford County, Ohio, the fam- ily came to Illinois in 1854, settling on a partly im- proved farm, which, however, became the father's home until his death, in January, 1878. He was 78 years old. Mr. King was a solid Republican all his life, and his convictions of liberty and stout efforts V' I KNOX COUNTY. 7'1 toward reform were manifest and creditable. His second wife died in Victoria Townsliip, Knox County, in December, 1885, at the age of 66. The parents of our subject were all Baptists, and he was the eldest but two in the family of five chil- dren. On the coming of his father to the State of Illinois, he set out to earn his own livelihood, farm- ing and operating a thrashing-machine. He has broken many acres of the prairies of Victoria Town- ship. He purchased a quarter-section of new land in 1867, in Victoria Township, and Feb. 13, 1862, he was married in \\'alnut Grove, to Lydia CoUinson, daughter of Simeon L. Collinson. (See sketch of the same.) She was born in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co.. Pa., Aug. 12, 1837, and came with her parents when they emigrated to Knox County, III., with whom she lived until her marriage. She is the motlier of six children, one deceased — Stephen A., Susan L., Hattie M., Simeon H., Royal M. and Nina J., all at home. One daughter is married. Mr. King lived in Victoria Township. He then went to California and settled in Santa Clara County, where he conducted a dairy for one year. Before marriage he spent nearly three years in the same county; was there in 1859, remaining until 1862, most of the time in the dairy business, in which he met with fair success, but finally returned to Illinois, in 1864. He there began to farm, and in 1866 he settled where he now resides, on his wife's farm of 160 acres. He owns 120 acres in Lynn Township, 40 acres of which is timber. In politics Mr. King is a Greenbacker. In religious belief he and his wife are Adventists. -^ .#.#. ^ T. Perrin, Superintendent of the George W. Brown & (^o. Corn-Planter Works, of Galesburg, 111., was born in Masachusetts, < '^\ June 29, 1832, and came to Illinois in 1854. Here he began work for this company, and with the exception of the intervals between 1857 and 1863, and from 1864 to 1869, has remained with them ever since. He was, during those years, farm- ing in Iowa. The parents of our subject, Horace and Clarissa (Richardson) Perrin, were natives of Connecticut, and of French and EngUsh descent, and the father was a woolen-manufacturer. Mr. Perrin was the recipient of a good education in the Massachusetts public schools, attending at Lee, and as he early showed perseverance and an application to his books that accomplished good results, he soon ranked high among the most advanced pupils. He accepted the superintendency of Brown & Co.'s business house in 1880, and discharging in an able and worthy manner the duties in hand, he soon won the good will of his employers and the respect of his patrons. He takes a marked degree of interest in agricultural pursuits, and conducts farming to a considerable extent. In 1858 Mr. Perrin was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Brown, the daughter of G. VV. Brown, of the firm of G. W. Brown & Co., and they are the parents of four children — George, with the Brown Company; Arthur, a student; Myra and Jennie. Mr. Perrin may be called a self-made man, as he started in life with only $15. He was among the first salesmen for G. \V. Brown, traveling in a wagon fr6m farm to f.irni, and by his courtesy and honor- able dealing soon won a large circle of patrons. He has in charge from 150 to 300 men. I ev. Nehemiah White, Ph. D., President of Lombard University, Galesburg, in which institution he is also Professor of Theology, was born at Wallingford, Rutland County, Vt., Jan. 25, 1835. His father, Justin M.White, was a farmer by occupation and was born in the same town and county in Vermont, Jan. 20, 1802, and died at Danby, in that State, March 17, 1875. The Whites came originally from England. William and Sarah White were among the Pilgrims who came over in the Mayflower. Peregrine, their son, was born on the Mayflower, November 20, while the vessel was in the bay of Cape Cod, and from Peregrine White the present family is de- scended. At Clarendon, Vt., Match 5, 1829, Mr. Justin M. White was married to Lydia Eddy, also a native of the Green Mountain State, probably of Scotch extraction, and descended from one of the pioneer families of New England. They reared but two children — J. E. White, who is a resident of Danby, Vt., and the subject of this sketch. President White is largely a self-educated man. H-l- 728 KNOX COUNTY. He laid the foundation for his learning at the district and select schools of his native town, where he be- gan teaching when 16 years of age. Determined upon the acquirement of a thorough education, if possible, he taught at this time no longer than was necessary to enable him to prosecute his studies in higher schools. From Green Mountain Institute, a preparatory school at South Woodstock, Vt., he en- tered Middlebury (Vt.) College in 1853, and gradu- ated therefrom in the class of 1857. Immediately following graduation, he was made Associate Princi- pal of the Green Mountain Institute for one year. From here he went to Clinton, Oneida County, N. Y., where, during the years 1859-60, he was in charge of Clinton Liberal Institute, where his young wife was also employed as a teacher. Mrs. White's health failing her, they retired from professional labor to the farm of Mr. White's father, where they spent a few years in recuperation. In 1864 Prof White was called to Pulaski (Oswego County, N. Y.) Academy, as Principal of that institution. He was here one year, when he accepted the Professorship of Mathe- matics and the Natural Sciences of St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y. He held this position for six years. In r87i he went on the farm for recu- ration, and in September, 1872, became Professor of Ancient Languages of Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, from which place he came to Galesburg in 1875 to accept the Presidency of Lombard University, and here he has remained to the present time. In 1876 he received the degree of Ph. D., from St. Lawrence University. Dr. White is devoted to his work as a professional educator. He was ordained at Columbus, Ohio, in : June, 1875, to preach the Gospel, but the duties im- j posed upon him by the position he occupied with the Buchtel College required so much of his time that he \ was not able to fill the pulpit, except upon rare oc- casions. Our subject was married at South Wood- stock, Vt., the scene of his first eflForts at teaching school, May 11, 1858, to Miss Frances M. White, an i educated and accomplished young lady of extraor- dinary endowments and attainments. In the various institutions of learning svhere she taught mathematics and languages her name is written and remembered among the most honored of an honored profession. Mrs. White was born at Wallingford, Vt., July 27, 1838, and there died April 29, 1864, leaving an only daughter, Lois M., who was born July 17, 1861, and I 'K died at Galesburg, Jan. i, 1882. She was a member of the Sophomore Class of Lombard University when she died. Possessing the ennobling traits and many of the superior natural qualities of her mother. Miss White was beloved by all who knew her, and her death left a void in many a heart that was not again to be filled. President White was the second time married, in Oswego County, N. Y., May 29, 1871, to Miss Inez Ling, of Pulaski, N. Y., a native of Portland, Me., where she was born Aug. 8, 1851. Prof and Mrs. White have two children — Willard J. and Frances Cora. The family are all members of the Univer- salis! Church. -S- --^^ ei- >t^ lof P. Norine is a native of Sulvetsburg, Sweden. He was born Jan. 13, 1837, and came to .Amertca in 1856. His parents lived upon a farm in Sweden, where they both died since Olof came to this country. They reared five sons and a daughter. Three of the sons came to America, where one of them subse- quently died. Olof Xorine, our subject, was brought up to the farm hfe, which he followed in ihe old country, when not attending school. The first work that he per- formed after arriving here was for the C, B. & Q. Railroad, for which company he worked one year. Leaving the railroad, he tried his hand at teaming a few months, and then in the city of Galesburg set- tled hiuiself down to the trade of a blacksmith. This he followed as a journeyman up to 1865, when he established a shop for himself. In T879, he took into partnership Mr. Lindquist, and the firm is now widely known throughout Knox County, as one of the most reliable and deserving. Their merited reputation brings them much work ; their work brings them money, and upon their money they support themselves and families and have something left to lay by for a rainy day. Mr. Norine was married at Galesburg, in 1864, to Catherine Stoneburg, a native of Sweden, and by whom he has had borne to him five children, viz.: Oscar, George, Eda, Nellie and Bertha. The eldest son is a clerk in a bank, and the second one a black- smith. ■f. -I>- KNOX COUNTY. 729 4-' i obert Mcllravy is one of Knox County's I successful farmers, residing on section 8, ^J^f^P"' Victoria Township. He was bom in Har- ''^ rison County, Ohio, March i, 1835, and is the son of Hugh and Ellen (Quigley) Mcllravy. The father was a native of Ireland, and ar- rived in New York June 17, 181 2. The mother was a native of the Keystone State. They were the par- ents of seven children, three of whom survive and who bear the names of David, Nancy and Robert. The mother of our subject died in Ohio, in 1852. The senior Mr. Mcllravy came to Illinois June 11, 1S66, and located at Victoria, where he purchased a half interest in 80 acres of fertile land. In 1877 he disposed of this property and made his home with his son, Robert, until his demise, which occurred March 20, 1878, at the venerable age of 88 years and 8 'days. The gentleman of whom this brief personal sketch is given remained at home with his parents until 26 r 'years of age, in the interim assisting his father upon the farm and attending the common school. In the year 1863 our subject came to Illinois, settling in ^ Piatt County, where, with his brother, David, he pur- chased 217 acres of good farm land, and engaged e.x- tensively in farming and stock-raising. After a stay of one year upon this, he disposed of it and came to Knox County, making his home in Victoria Town- ship, where he had purchased r6o acres on section 8, in partnership with his brother, David. Three years later, Mr. Mcllravy bought his brother's inter- est in the property, of which he has since been the sole owner, and where he has since been occupied in the joint business of stock and grain raising. When our subject came to this county he was penni- less, and what he has of this world's goods, and a goodly portion it is, he has attained through unflinch- ing perseverance and by practicing the closest econ- omy. As a result of these admirable traits of char- acter, he has known no such word as fail, and may truly be called a self-made man. He erected the store in Victoria now occupied by Mr. Coleman, and put in the same a stock of goods valued at S3>S°o- This business he carried on about three months, when he sold out to Messrs. Coleman & Robinson. Our subject was married June 20, 1861, to Miss Sarah West, who died on the 20th of August one year later, and for his second wife he chose Miss Mary E., the accomplished daughter of John and Matilda (Robinson) Garrett, to whom he was mar- ried Oct. II, 1866. Her parents were natives of In- diana and came to the I'rairie State in 1840, making settlement in this county. Mrs. Garrett died in 1870. She was the mother of ten children, four of whom are living — Fannie E., Mary E., Leah A. and Ora M. Four children have been born to Mr. Mcllravy, and are Jesse O., Chauncy D., Fannie M. and Fred. Mr. Mcllravy in politics votes with the Republi- can party. He has held the office of Township As- sessor four terms, and also that of School Trustee, and is one of the respected and honored citizens of this county and a good representative of the agricult- ural class. iPranklin Jones, deceased, was a general farmer, residingon section 6, Lynn Town- ship, and during his life was successful in his vocation. He was born in Erie County, N. v., Feb. 20, 1816. He lived in his native county, working at the vocation which he fol- lowed during his lifetime and receiving an education in the common schools. He was married in Chau- tauqua County, June 10, 1844, to Miss Martha N. Carpenter. Miss Carpenter was born in Windham County, Conn., July 19, 1826, of New England pa rentage and of English extraction. Her father was a farmer in Connecticut, was there reared, married and followed his calling until his death, which occurred in New York State, whither they had removed some years prior, and where his good wife also died. Mrs. Jones, of this notice, by her union became the mother of seven children, four of whom are de- ceased : Franklin W., third son, but eldest living, first saw light in Erie County, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1851, and was there reared to manhood and married Ber- tha P. Welch. Miss Welch was born in Galva, and they now reside on 80 acres of the old homestead of our subject. Alfred B. Jones married Bessie H. Welch, and is engaged in fanning in Stark County, III. Jacob Henry lives with his mother on the old homestead, in Lynn Township, and was born March 8, 1864. Mr. Jones and his family, consisting of his wife and *" 130 I^^rOX COUNTY. four children, came to this State in 1855, and imme- diately located on section 6, Lynn Township, where he purchased 160 acres of good farm land, but which at that time was unbroken. Like many others, he set- tled here determined to make it a future abiding place for himself and children, and succeeded to the extent that at the date of his demise he left a hand- some property, his land having been brought to a high state of cultivation and good and substantial improve- ments having been erected upon it. His demise oc- curred Oct. 21, 1867. He was an active anti-slavery man in politics, and he and his wife were both mem- bers of the Congregational Church. Mrs. Jones sur- vives her husband and resides on 80 acres of the original homestead, which, with the assistance of her son, she cultivates, and is there passing the sunset of life in peace and the quiet enjoyment of her com- petency. fscar Finch follows general farming upon section 20, in Walnut Grove Township. He was born in Ontario County, N. Y., Jan. 21, [840. His father, Benjamin Finch, was a mechanic and farmer by calling, and a native of the same State. In Ontario, he married Matilda Bennett, of his own State, and came West to Illinois, in 1855, bringing with him four of his children, one having preceded him some years before. Twelve children were born to them. Four died in infancy and one at the age of 18. A married daugh- ter came to Illinois in 1854. He followed with his wife and six children, two of whom afterward died. Mr. Finch remained with his parents until his father's death, which took place in 1859, when he at once commenced on his own account to face life and win a competency. The farm which he now owns consists of 192 acres, well improved. On the 29th of September, 1884, his mother died at his home, beloved by her surviving relatives and mourned by many who had known her integrity and steadfastness in duty during life. Our subject was married in Ashtabula County, Ohio, Oct. 18, 1870, to Miss Sarah J. AUyn. This lady was a native of Hart's Grove, in that county, and her father still lives in that county, where he fol- lows the occupation of a farmer. Mrs. F. was reared at home with her parents up to the date of her mar- riage. By this union she has become the mother of seven children, one of whom is deceased. There are living Dean L., EttieR., Clarke E., May T., Lee and Jay, twins. The name of the deceased was Winnie D. Since the arrival of our subject in Walnut Grove Township, he has made this vicinity his home, and will probably close here a very useful life^ In politics Mr. Finch is of the Independent school, and by the soundness of his judgment and adherence to those principles which he deems most favorable to the country's good has won to himself the good will and alliance of his political friends. I^harles A. Hopkins, junior member of the [f^ firm of Hopkins Bros., liverj'men, of Al- tona, also figures prominently as grain- buyer for George W. Barnett, of Galesburg, he being engaged in grain buying and ship- ping. He entered the livery business in the year 1865, and was joined by his brother, John W., senior member of the firm, in the year 1876, which ^ was at that time styled and has since been known as Hopkins Bros. Their business is conducted on first-class principles, and their stables are fully, equipped with some of the most creditable turnouts in the village. Mr. Hopkins possesses undisputed ability in all questions relative to business. He is an able finan- cier, keen, wide-awake and shrewd in all moneyed transactions. He commenced business as Mr. Bar- nett's grain-buyer in July, 1885, to which branch he has given marked attention ever since, carrying it on, however, in connection with his livery business. Mr. Hopkins was born in Oswego, Kendall Co., 111., Aug. 19, 1846. His father, Samuel B. Hopkins, by vocation a merchant, was born with a New En- gland record, coming of a long line of Eastern ances- tors, whose history includes many interesting remi- niscences. He lives at Altona. His wife, mother of Charles, whose maiden name was Sarah A. King- man, now deceased, was born in Fulton County, N. Y., and departed this life at Exira, Iowa, in 1855. She was of American parentage and a lady of many physical and mental endowments and graces. Charles, our subject, was educated in the Kendall County schools, and passed his boyish years and the <>. •H^ KNOX COUNTY. 73' earlier part of his young manhood at home. In the year 1869, he went to Chicago and engaged with Parrish & Brjden, grocers, as clerk. He afterward entered the employ of C. Grunewald. A short time later he passed one year in the vicinity of Memphis, Tenn. He held the position of collector for Rice Bros., of Memphis, and in 1870 again returned to Chicago, figuring as a clerk, this time with Hopkins & Rogers, stationers and book-dealers. Soon after the great Chicago fire of 187 1, which caused such wide-spread financial havoc and panic, he left the city, and during that autumn went prospecting to Portland, Oregon. Returning from his Western trip, he again headed for Chicago, and entered the gro- cery house of J. J. Dwyer, 427 State street. Here he served as confidential clerk. In 1873 he left their employ, and with a vague desire of seeing more of the country, went this time to San Francisco, later to Los Angeles County, Cal. Here he remained somewhat longer than he had originally intended, [lengthening his stay to three years. It was here j that he exercised his mechanical ability in the run- ! ning of a stationary engine. In 1876 he entered the business in which he is now engaged, as before stated. Mr. Hopkins occupies a wide sphere of use- fulness, and is prominent in public affairs. He has held the office of President of the village Board of Trustees for the past two years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and has been for 12 years, and is Secretary of that organization. Politically, he is a stanch and liberal Republican. — — S^ •o»o-@-^'v1 §) '»«°' *<*— ^^'fl.rohn Thompson, one of Knox County's ^' ^gJ jV- promising, pleasant and genial young men, e;^?«r>4. j^ ^ resident of section 17, Lynn Township. "'1^ For one of his years, he has gained prominence ^L^ and made his vocation a success. He makes a \ specialty of raising cereals and takes a large and deep interest in the breeding of fine blooded animals. His property includes 160 acres, ample room in which to prosecute his vocation. Mr. Thompson was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, July 23, 1853, and was but a small child when his parents moved to County Antrim, Ireland. There he received a good common-school education, and there his father, William Thompson, died in August, 1874. His mother, Effie Thompson, still resides in County Antrim. Our subject was reared as a farmer boy, lived at home most of the time until he removed to the United States in 1873, and for three years previous to his coming to Kno.\ County he lived in Montgom- ery County, Pa. On coming here he began to work as a farm laborer. He was married, Sei)t. 21, 1882, to Miss Belle Stanton, who was born in Ohio, Dec. 13, 1855. Her parents came to Illinois, and settled in Lynn Township. She received her education in the public schools, and is the mother of three chil- dren, as follows : William G., born Sept. 20, 1883 ; Harry S., Nov. 18, 1884, and an infant unnamed, Jan. 5,1886. Mr. Thompson has the hardihood and conscious integrity of his nation, while his persevering industry and strength of character give him a high place among the best citizens of this section. In politics he is a leader in and a supporter of the principles advocated by the Republican party. ilkins Seacord, Superintendent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. stockyards at Galesburg %P and Quincy, resident on South Broad street, Galesburg, III, traces the blood of his pater- nal ancestors to the Huguenots of France. His grandfather was a subordinate officer under Marquis de La Fayette, and, coming to America with the gallant hero, decided to remain. His son, Wil- kins, the immediate ancestor of the subject of this notice, married Hulda J. Morris. Both were natives of New York, and of the two sons and three daugh- ters reared by them, Wilkins, Jr., was next to the youngest. Wilkins, Sr., was for many years a mem- ber of the General Assembly of New York, in which State he spent his entire life, dying in 1862, at the age of 62' years. His widow survived him some 15 or 16 years, and died at the age of 7 i or 72 years. The subject of this sketch was educated at the common schools; learned something of the black- smith's trade, worked at farming awhile ; left home when about 22 years of age; drifted about through Ohio, Michigan and Indiana, and finally, in October of 1855, landed at Galesburg. Here he taught school awhile, broke prairie, and in the spring of ^ 732 JiTNOX COUNTY. % 1857 engaged in business at Oneida. From the spring of 1862 to 1868, he was engaged in the meat and live stock business, which he abandoned in the latter year and removed to Knoxville, then the coun- ty seat of Knox County, and there filled the office of Sheriff during the two years for which he was elected. In 1870 he returned to Galesburg and took charge of the stockyards. In 1876, the Superintendency of the Quincy yards was added to his duties, and the two places have since been under his care. In con- nection with his stockyard labors, his extensive ren- dering establishment, his three large farms, his bank- ing interests, etc., it is safe to say that Mr. Seacord has quite enough to keep him busy. Our subject was born in Orange County, N. Y., Sept. 20, 1833; he was married in Knox County, Oct. I, 1857, to Miss Keren L. Courtright, who died November, 1869, leaving three children — Fred, now a prominent stock- grower and farmer; Louisa (Mrs. John Wilcox) and D. F., an importer and breeder of I thoroughbred horses. Mr. Seacord married his pres- I ent wife, Mrs. Fannie M. Hollowell, nee Turner, at L Kansas City, Sept. 20, 1883. He is Republican in ^politics, and a member of the A. F. & A. M. He is liberal in religion, and at one time took an interest in the Universalist Church. --*— ' ^i ^' '^ . John L. rtfleld, residing at Victoria . village, was born in Salisbury, Merrimac Co., N. H. His parents were Peter and Lydia (Eaton) Fifield, natives of New Hamp- shire, who came there from Scotland, to which the parents trace back their ancestry. The parental family consisted of six meniDers, all of whom grew up to attain the age of man and woman- hood. The record is as follows : John L., Peter, Samuel E., Hiram, Silas C. and Lucy J. The par- ents died in 1856 and 1880, respectively. The subject of this sketch remained at home until 17 years of age and then engaged as a teacher and attended school at times until 1830. He commenced to study medicine in 1826, and began the practice of his profession in the same year he left Dartmouth College, at Boscawen, where he remained two years. Then he went to Sutton, in his native State, and there lived seven years. One year later he came to the Prairie State and settled in Rochester, Peoria Co. At this place he continued the practice of medicine for ten years and then removed to Victoria village, and was in active practice until 1870, when he re- tired from his medical labors. He had often to ride a distance of 40 or 50 miles when he first came to Illinois, before the country was fairly settled, and never refused to go when duty called. In 1850 he made a purchase of 53 acres of desirable land, lo- cated on section 17, Victoria Township, subsequently adding to his acreage an additional 160, upon which he has since lived. Dr. Fifield entered the matri- monial state in 1836, at which time he was married to Laura, the accomplished daughter of Joshua Cushman. Her parents are residents of Lebanon, N. H. The family of Dr. Fifield numbers five mem- bers: Laura A., now Mrs. G. S. Smith, who is the mother of four children — Herbert, Clifton, Franklin and Nellie. Lydia E. married E. S. Brooks, and their union has been blest by the birth of eight chil- dren — Lora, Frank, Sherman, Etta, Lulu, Elliottena, and two others not named. Marie Fifield became the wife of Charles Foster, and to them have been born five children — May, Lillie, Carrie, Katie and an >< infant unnamed. Mary H. has for a husband J. N. Woolsey, and they are the happy parents of four children, by name Ralph, Ross, Laura and Robert. John L., Jr., married Miss Emily Hammond; they had two children — Roy and Otis, and he departed this life in 1877. Mrs. Dr. John Fifield died in 1865. Our subject affiliates with the Democratic party, and has been honored with the office of Justice of the Peace, and is considered one of the prominent and substantial men of his village. ^rancis Orman Crocker. After an active business life covering full half a century, Mr. Crocker finally retired to private life in Galesburg in 1883. His parents, John and Rebecca (Tibbetts) Crocker, natives of Maine, where they were married, emigrated to Dear- born County, Ind., in 1818, and Mr. C. lived there until 1836, when the senior Mr. C. died at the age of 55 years. His widow survived him nearly a quarter of a century, and died in St. Joseph County, Ind., in 1872. Our subject was bom in Exeter, Me., Aug. 20, ^ KNOX COUNTY. 733 1815, and was the third child and first son born in the family that reared six sons and three daughters. The paternal ancestor was a farmer by occupation, and the six sons were brought up to that honorable vocation, and received such learning as was readily attainable at the log-cabin schoolhouse at that day in a State famous for its primitiveness even unto this time. In 1841 the subject of this sketch came to Illinois, and for 12 years farmed in Henderson County. In 1S55 he became a resident of Gales- burg and entered soon afterward in the grocer)- bus- iness, from which he retired in 1SS3 with a handsome competency, the result of his individual effort and industr)'. He has held no offices, figured not in politics, joined no secret order, and proclaimed no sanctification at the shrine of any church. He was married in Dearborn County, Ind., Sept. 26, 1840, to Miss Mary Brimhall, and their three children are: Oricy Villa, bom April 3, 1843, married George Nead, and on January 23, r88o, she ' died at Galesburg; she left an infant son, Benjamin, who resides with his grandparents ; George D., born July 12, 1845, engaged in the grocery business at •^ Galesburg; and Emeline, born Aug. 28, 1848, mar- ried LeRoy Bates, and she died June 12, 1882, at Galesburg, leaving a son — Xealy Bates. ^*^^©^*-> H'drdolph F. Nelson. Mr. Nelson is a native "f, of Sweden, where he was born in February, 1839. He may be numbered among those who have carved out for themselves, by per- severance and steadily adhering to duty, a position in life only attainable by self-made men. He is now engaged in general farming, on sec- tion 23, in Walnut Grove Township. His father, Nels P. Johnson, is still residing in his native coun- try, with his wife, Joanna (Stinson) Johnson. The gentleman whose name heads this notice lived with his parents up to the date of his marriage, June 24, 1864. His wife. Miss Chrisrina C. Freid, was born in Sweden, June ti, 1837, and lived with her parents up to the date of their demise. By her union with Mr. Nelson she has become the happy mother of four children, two of whom are now deceased. Carl G. was born in Sweden, Nov. i, 1865. and Anna C. June II, 1868, while her parents were on their way to the United States. In i868 Mr. Nelson took up his residence in the State of Illinois, first locating in Altona, where lie began work as a general laborer on a farm. His first land was purchased in Walnut Grove Township, in the year 1874. This, however, he had rented for some years. He is now the owner of two farms, in all consisting of 280 acres, and this in a highly improved condition. One of these farms lies in Lynn Township, and includes 124 acres. His Walnut Grove farm has upon it some very fine farm buildings. The family are all members of the Swedish Lu- theran Church at Altona, where Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are held in the best of esteem by their community. Politically Mr. Nelson is a sound Republican and keeps himself well informed upott all matters asso- ciated with the body politic. ilas C. Whitcomb, M. D. The subject of this historical sketch is station and express agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., at Oneida, and became connected with the com- pany during the year 1868, operating in dif- ferent places on the main line and its branches ever since. While occupying a situation on the Keithsburg branch of this line of road, he began the study of medicine, giving to it a small share of his time. After pursuing it during his spare hours, he, in the winter of i88i-82,went to Hahnemann Medical College, in Chicago, from which he graduated Feb. 20, 1883. After returning to his home in Oneida, his medical practice, in which he was largely suc- cessful, engrossed a fair share of his lime, and at this he continued for si.\ months, but, owing to a vacancy in the oflSce of station agent of that place, which was tendered him, he at once assumed its duties, which he has from that time successfully dis- charged, conrinuing in the practice of his profession a small share of his time. Dr. Whitcomb was born in O.xford, Henry Co., 111., Jan. 18, 1848. His father, Henry Whitcomb, a farmer, resides in Montgomery County, Kan., where he owns a valuable and productive farm, and is highly esteemed as an industrious man and a worthy citizen. He claims the Empire State as his place of birth, and, though of American parentage, is of En- -^ 4-^ 734 JiTJVOX COUNTY. glish ancestry and blood. His marriage to Miss Fally Woodman, who was born in Hamilton, Madison Co., N. Y., was celebrated in Hamilton. Mrs. Whit- comb lived, previous to her marriage, in New York, and was reared on a farm. Her father was a hero of Revolutionary fame, and claimed Washington as a commander. He died a few years after that never- to-be-forgotten struggle for American liberty that stands out with such distinctness on the records of the nation. He closed his life in Madison County, N. Y., having attained to a hale old age. The fam- ily ancestry was similar in origin to that of the Whit- comb line. Dr. Whitcomb was the youngest of a family of seven children, consisting of five sons and two daugh- ters, of whom three of the former and one of the lat- ter yet survive. His parents, with their little family, came to Illinois, purchasing new land, from which they hoped to create a home for future years, in Ox- ford, Henry County, after having first lived one year in Knox County, which was at that day an unbroken expanse of prairie land. Locating on this wild tract, I in Oxford Township, the father and sons began cul- ''^tivating and improving the land, which they con- tinued to reside upon till 1866, when they removed to Altona, Knox County. From this time the father ""took no specially active part in farm work, but operated land through the agency of others, and finally closed his business in this State by removing to Kansas, as before noted, in the year 1871. The death of the mother occurred at Coffeyville, Kan., Sept. 10, 1885, which was the 56th anniversary of her marriage to Mr. Whitcomb. She had reached the advanced age of 80 years. Dr. Whitcomb grew to manhood on his father's farm, and was educated in the public schools of Ox- ford and Altona. At the age of 20 years, naturally being bright and intelligent, with promising mind and an intellectual bearing, he entered the C, B. & Q. R. R. office and began the study of telegraphy. Completing his knowledge of this art, he soon after assumed the duties connected with the office and dis- charged them skillfully and to the entire satisfaction of his employers. In March, 1865, he enlisted and entered the Civil War as a Union soldier, in the 83d Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., Co. D, Capt. Snyder, of the Cumberland Divis- ion of the Federal Army. He participated in no active engagement, but did garrison duty, at which he continued till he received an honorable discharge at the cessation of hostihties, in September, 1865, at Springfield, 111. At Altona, Knox County, March II, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Hill, daughter of O. B. Hill, who was born in Ohio, and who, having lost her mother early in childhood, was reared by her father and friends, with the former of whom she made her home until her marriage. To Dr. Whitcomb and wife have been born three children, as follows: Bertie E., born Jan. 25, 1872; Mabel V., May i, 1873, and Silas C, Nov. 22, 1878. While at Altona, the Doctor was Village Clerk one term ; at New Windsor he held the same office two terms, and, though far from being an office-seeker, he is eminently well-fitted to fill any official position to which he may be elected. In politics he is an in- dependent Republican, and takes a lively interest in the workings of that party. -^ ^-^ ^ ^^Ldwin Schwartz, M. D. One of the prin- s«™«-' cipal citizens and more important physi- cians of Knoxville, Dr. Schwartz, is made st^ the subject of this historical notice, the princi- pal points in his life being herein recorded. He is a member of the Military Tract Medical Society, and is Medical Examiner of Knox Lodge, No. 126, A. O. U. W. He was appointed Physi- cian to the Knox County Almshouse, in April, 1886. He is considered proficient in his knowledge of medicine and receives the confidence and patron- age of the people of his town. Dr. Schwartz first saw the light of day in Knox County, March 31, 1854. He is the son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Williamson) Schwartz (see sketch), and was educated in the district school during his boyish years. Showing actual talent, keen intelli- gence and a strong inclination to devote himself arduously to his studies, larger advantages were be- stowed upon him. He entered Knox College, and in 1878 began the study of medicine with Dr. Madi- son Reese, of Abingdon. Here he continued working untiringly for a period of two yeais, when he went into Rush Medical College, Chicago, the better to perfect himself in the pursuit of his profession. From this institution he graduated Feb. 22, 1881, and in the ensuing May began his practice, receiv- KSOX COUNTY. 73S ing, as previously stated, a substantial patronage and flattering confidence from his old friends and neighbors. On the 7th of December, 1882, he took to wife Miss Alice Raridon, who was born in Haw Creek Township, and who was the daughter of John and Mary (Richmond) Raridon. Resulting from this union has been the birth of one child — Louise Feni- more. The Doctor and his wife are considered de- sirable neighbors, and are heartily esteemed and liked in the community of which they are members. The Doctor takes an interest in politics and is a Democrat in sentiment and belief. He is a useful man in local and public affairs and belongs to Knox- ville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M. He fills a wide field of usefulness, and may be considered one of the most solid and substantial men in that section of country. noble. ij.ol. Leander H. Potter, deceased, was born at Midland, N. Y., March 15, 1829, and died at Galesburg July 11, 1879. Thus briefly we chronicle the beginning and end- ing of a noble life. A life devoted more to the interest of humanity than to self is always Such a life, in the latter part of the 19th centur)', has become so rare that he who lives it is isolated from the rest of mankind to an extent that involves sacrifices, often of the most serious and try- ing character. If the wealthiest man in the United States were to plant himself squarely upon the Golden Rule, he could not live up to it a decade without impoverish- ing his family. And yet there are unselfish men ; there are men who sacrifice golden opix)rtuniiies for worldly advancement in devotion to a principle, tlie basis whereof is a desire to benefit mankind. Once in awhile you find a man who is ambitious and feels that the world is better for his having lived in it. Col. Potter left little in this worlds goods, but he scattered his bread upon the waters in the faith that it would return at a future day. At his home in Rockford, III, whither his parents had removed, he fitted himself for college, and in 1854 graduated from Yale. Leaving Yale College, he taught school awhile in Maryland ; later on he had charge of the High School in Chicago, and in 1859 he went to Bloomington, 111., as Professor of Languages at the Stale Normal University. He was at Bloomington when the Rebellion broke out, and on Sept. 4, 1861, he enrolled at Camp Butler, 111., as a private soldier, and upon the organization of the 33d 111. Vol. Inf. (" Normal ") he became Captain of Co. A. Sept. 15, 1862, he was promoted to Major of the 33d, and May 29, 1863, to Lieutenant-Colonel; the order of promotion showing that it was conferred as a reward of valor. Sept. 12, 1864, he left the army, by resignation, at Cotton Plant, Ark. He was several times wounded while in the service, which led to the disability that caused his death. Soon after leaving the army he was called to Be- loit. Wis., as Principal of a high school, and from there he went to Fulton, 111., as President of a State military institution. From Fulton, in 1876, he came to Galesburg, where he held a professorship in Knox College two years, making for himself a name and reputation for sociability, intellectuality and merit as an educator that should cause him to be remembered in the hearts of the i)eople who appreciate true worth under all circumstances. Prof. Potter was first married at New Haven Conn., July 26, 1858, to Miss Mary A. Josephine Bartlett, who died at Lowden, Iowa, Oct. 15, 1869. She buried one child and left four living: Charles A., a teacher in Colorado; Alice Sherman, a teacher in Galesburg; Theodore Bartlett, a druggist at Chi- cago ; and Harry B. Gray, a student. The deceased, Ella Gertrude, was three years and eight months old when she died, Jan. 25, 1863. May 22, 1871, Col. Potter was again married, his second wife being named Martha Irwin, at Clinton, Iowa. The chil- dren born to her and her husband are Leander Ir- win and Herman Hubbel. Col. Potter was a member of the G. A. R., and for many years identi- fied with the Congregarional Church, as is also his wife. A y. alter N. Jones. Lynnwood Farm, located on sections 10, 11 and 14, Lynn Town- ship, and comprising 320 acres, is the property of the gentleman whose short bio- graphical sketch we here give. Walter N. Jones was born in Portage County, Ohio, May 7, 1838,0! English parentage. His father, Charies H. Jones, was born in 1790, in Herefordshire, En- 73<5 KNOX COUNTY. gland, and was an active business man and exten- sively engaged in the malting business. The father of our subject was quite a noted horse- man, his forte being in the saddle. He continued to reside in his native land, developing into man- hood, and about 1820 was united in marriage with Caroline A. Pickering, the youngest daughter of Sir William Pickering, of Gloucester City. She was a very highly educated lady, and a devout and loving Christian mother and faitliful wife until her death, which occurred Feb. 19, 1872, at Rootstown, Ohio. After six children had been born to them, and after sustaining heavy financial losses, the parents deter- mined to emigrate to the United States. They con- sequently set sail in 1835, and arriving in this country located in Portage County, Ohio, where they followed the occupation of farming. When the father first settled there the country was new, and the laborious toil which is one of the requisites of a successful farmer, especially in a new country, was telling on him, as he had performed no manual la- bor of any consequence prior to that time. Living there for awhile, the father with his family moved from his original purchase to near Rootstown, Port- age County, where he bought a farm and continued actively in his calling until his death, in r856. They were both buried in the old cemetery at Rootstown. After the parents' arrival in this country four more children were born to them, the subject of this sketch being next to the youngest. Walter N. Jones resided on the old farm with his parents, until 16 years of age. His life, even prior to that date, was a busy one, the major portion of it being passed on the farm, plowing, clearing out stumps and piling up the stones, as well as chop- ping and clearing the land. He nevertheless found time to attend the schools during the winter season, being compelled to walk two and a half miles night and morning for that purpose. In 1853 Mr. Jones went to Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, to learn daguer- reotypy, with his brother-in-law, J. W. Wykes, and afterward learned ambrotypy and photography. Buying out Mr. Wykes, our subject continued to fol- low the business until 1863, meeting with success, and in the meanwhile producing some of the first life-sized photographs made in that section of Ohio, also oil paintings. Jan. 17, r86o, Mr. Jones was united in marriage with Miss Addie E. James, eldest daughter of J. C. James, of Wooster, Ohio. Her parents were En- glish and among the early settlers of Wooster. In 1866 they removed to Aurora, 111., where her father was engaged in mercantile pursuits and followed the same until within a few years of his death, which oc- curred June r3, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Jones' first child, Carrie A., was born Nov. 10, i860, and died May 7, 1861, and is buried in the cemetery at Wooster; Mary Edith was born June 15, 1862; Charles H., Aug. 8, 1864; James W., Oct. 27, 1866; Lottie A., Jan. 29, 1869; George W., Aug. 17, 1873; Emma Hortense, Oct. 16, 1874; and William P., Aug. 19, 1883. Nettie J., Jessie M. and Howard S. died when young, and are buried in the family cemetery on Lynnwood Farm. In 1863 Mr. Jones sold all of his property in Wooster, Ohio, and made settlement in Lynn Town- ship, on his present fine farm of 240 acres, which he purchased from John Hester. He has since added to his original purchase 80 acres, and the place at this writing comprises 320 acres of good land, under an'advanced state of cultivation, and is one of the very best stock and grain farms in Knox County. It 1 I is three and a half miles southeast of the pleasant little city of Galva, on sections ro, ii and 14, in Lynn Township. It has a commanding view of the . surrounding country, and, standing upon the highest eminence of his land, one can see six towns scattered throughout the county. On this place our subject is living, engaged in the raising of the cereals, together with breeding and raising fine stock. His specialty in stock is Short-horn cattle, fine sheep and Poland- China swine, together with road and trotting horses. In the different branches of his vocation he is meet- ing with far more than ordinary success. 'W^, ric Newburg, a retired farmer, is the sub- ^^L' ject of this historical sketch, whose home i^tjr«* lies on section 28 of Copley Township. He ^^ may be cited as one of the most progressive and prosperous men in Knox County and one of her representative citizens. He is a vigor- ous factor in public affairs, and is considered one of the wealthiest men of that section. Mr. Newburg was born in Sweden, Dec. 24, 1814. His parents, Jonas and Anna (Erickerson) Ericker- 'if t LIBRARY OF THE t»iVERsiTY OF illik:: t H-i- X^NOX COUNTY. 739 l)i •^ son, were both natives of Sweden, in which country they departed this life. A family of four children grew up about them, of whom our subject was the eldest. He remained at home until he reached the age of 17, and up to that time assisted on the farm, attending school a good share of the time^ By his prompt attention to his studies, coupled with native intelligence, he became well informed and fairly edu- cated. When he left home he worked out on a farm until 1846,31 which time he purchased a small place and commenced in the furniture business. His be- ginning was humble, and the outgrowth of his plans has been a success far exceeding his expectations. He came to America in 1850, and entered Henry County, working at Bishop Hill. Here he would not remain any length of time, owing to his indignation at a story imposed on his too credulous wife. He had married, in Sweden, in 1846, a Miss Lena Lar- son, and by persuasions and threats of the dire con- sequences that would come upon her if she left the place, they succeeded in detaining her, so far as Mr. Newburg knows, for he left Bishop Hill and came 10 Copley Township. He labored in Knox County until he obtained funds to purchase a team. He then be- gan to work on a railroad, and, burning lime, sold the same and took land to clear of wood and stumps. He labored at this until i860, and then purchased 160 acres where he now lives. He has built on his homestead a good residence and other necessary buildings, barns, sheds, fences, etc., and broken and improved the land to the highest degree. Here he ! has carried on mixed farming and paid some atten- tion to the raising of grain and stock. He received a divorce from the wife, who re- mained at Bishop Hill, refusing to go with him out of fear of the Prophet, and after this, in 1859, he took to himself a second wife, Martha Lawson by name, a native of Sweden likewise. Five children are the result of this union, four of whom are still living — Matilda, George, Johanna and Christina. Frank died in 1882, aged 16. Mrs. Newburg died in 1875, and his third wife, whom he married in 1884, was Johanna Johnson, also a Swedish lady. She came to America in 1880, having lost her father in her native country, in 1841. Her mother remarried, her second husband being Peter Peterson; they came to America and settled in Copley Township, where they still live. Mrs. Newburg by her former hus- band, Andrew Johnson, had five children, by name -A Johanna F., Andrew, Albertina, Hanson and Ida. His third wife left him in March, 1886, and is now living in Copley Township with her son. Mr. Newburg is an upright Christian gentleman, and is unsurpassed in solid worth and the attributes that constitute nobility of soul. His wife is also an estimable member of the society to wiiich she be- longs, and they are united by profession of faith to the Methodist Episcopal Swedish Church. In poli- itcs our subject is independent. eorge Ekins, one of the most highly es- teemed citizens of Knox County, enjoys the distinction of having, by the voice of the people, retained the office of Assessor of the city of Galesburg for 24 consecutive years. He was born the town of Deal, County of Kent, England, Aug. 6, 1829. His father, George Ekins, was a native of Scotland, and his mother, ' whose name was Sarah Brof— «-— <»S]M{(BK«>o — #"5<— ohn T. Barnett resides on section 18, in Galesburg Township, and is a prominent farmer in his vicinity. He was born in Sullivan County, Tenn., on the 20th of Octo- ber, 1809, and remained at his parents' home up to his 2ist year. His father, James H., was born on the Oconee River, in the State of Geor- gia, on the 27th of September, 1788. He moved, however, at a later date, to East Tennessee, and there entered into mercantile pursuits. He subse- quently taught school for some years, and died on the 22d of September, 1822. His wife was Miss Mary A. Tipton, whom he married about the year 1808. She was born on the 3d of March, 1793, in Shenan- doah County, Va. She died on her birthday, March 3, 1869, in Sangamon County, 111. By the marriage four children were born — John T., William, Joseph H. and Nancy. John T. and Joseph are the only survivors of the family. The former, the subject of this notice, married Miss Mehnda Robinson on the 2 2d of November, 1831, in Sangamon County, 111. This good lady was born on the nth of November, 1806, in Oneida County, N. Y. By the union there were born as follows: James R., Sept. 22, 1832; Charles M., Dec. 24, 1833; Elkan, Feb. 2, 1834; William, Jan. 8, 1836; Mary E., April i, 1838; Emily J., Aug. 7, 1840; Martha J, Aug. 7, 1842, and Joseph A., June 29, 1846. The father of Mrs. Barnett was Charles Robinson, born in New York on the 5th of June, T785. He married Miss Jerusha Kellogg, who was born Nov. '*• 15, 1785, the ceremony taking place on June 22, 1804. Her demise occurred on the 23d of August, 1836. Charles, her husband, died on the 4th of Oc- tober, 1840. They were both from Oneida County, N. Y., and had the following children : Chauncy, born March 27, 1805 ; Melinda,Nov. 11, 1806; John K., Oct. 2, 1808; James, Sept. 11, 1810; Lucinda, July 20, 1814; Louis, Oct. 28, 1816; Maria, Jan. 10, 1819; Eliza R., June 4, 1820; Julia A., Feb. 14, 1822 ; Charles, Feb. 15, 1824, and Seth K., Dec. 7, 1827. Of the above family Seth and Charles were born in Illinois, and Chauncy and Melinda in New York. The parents first arrived in Illinois in 1822. The subject of this biography, accompanied by his mother and stepfather, Mr. Richard Dunlap, came in 1829. He is now the possessor of 143 acres of prime land, on which is erected a comfortable residence and suitable out-buildings. On the 22d of November, 1881, Mr. Barnett had the great pleasure of celebrating his golden wedding. This was a great event in his and his wife's life, and drew around the family a large circle of warm sympathizers and old acquaintances. He has been elected Justice of the Peace, and for 20 years has served in that office with special distinction. In the office of County ^^ \ KNOX COUNTY. 741 Commissioner for several years he has acted with untiring energy and credit to himself. This latter post he has held in Hancock County. He has also filled the position of Assessor in Galesburg Town- ship for five years, as well as filling the office of Town Clerk for four years. Politically he has al- ways been a Democrat, and voted for Andrew Jack- son for President, in 1832, and has voted for Presi- dent at each presidential election since then. Now, at the age of 77, we find him hale and hearty. He has always been regarded as public-spirited and en- terprising. He is a fair type of the pioneer settlers of the State who are fast passing away. homas M. Barton is a farmer, a resident on section 16, in Knox Township, and is one of the most solid and substantial men in that vicinity. He is well known and popu- lar in his county and township, and has been ver>- prosperous in his chosen vocation. He ! was born in Chestnut Township, Nov. 3, 1840, and is thesonof Ozias and Rachel (Massie) Barton. He [ assisted his father on the farm during boyhood and was educated in the district schools. He made his home under the parental roof until his marriage, March 6, 1862. This was celebrated with Amelia Humphrey as the other contracting party. She was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, Feb. 17, 1845, and is the daughter of Elder Cyrus and Henrietta (Baughman) Humphrey. At the time of his marriage, Mr. Barton located in Chestnut Town- ship, where he rented land two years ; was then in Knox Township two years, and subsequently bought the farm he now occupies. Seven children were born of their union — George H., Rachel L., John Q., Mary Henrietta, Cyrus A., Almond E. and Phebe Arizona. Mr. Barton is a member of Pacific Lodge, No. 400, A. F. & A. M., and Wataga Lodge, I. O. O. F., and Knoxville Lodge, K. of L. George H. Barton is also a member of Pacific Ix)dge, No. 400. Mr. B. has always been a Republican in politics, and takes considerable interest in the affairs of the na- tion, and has so long been an actor in political affairs that he knows much of the growth and prog- He cast his first ress of the Republican party vote for Abraham Lincoln. In the main Mr. Barton has been successful in life, but was the recipient of a heavy blow in the loss of his home in 1875. His house was a two-story frame building, and at six o'clock in the evening, on the stii of August, in that year, tlie family being all at home, they were rendered almost entirely helpless with terror by a cyclone striking the house. It came upon them with tremendous force, tearing the house to atoms, yet, by some miracle, or other intervention of God's providence, no lives were lost, although all the family were more or less hurt, Mr. Barton hav- ing six ribs broken. Parts of the house were carried in every direction and for long distances. It was an hour of the greatest fear and trouble, yet so thankful were they to a protecting God for His goodness in saving their lives, that the loss of their home, though heavy, seemed to them as of minor consequence. The husband and wife were laid up for several months, and cared for with the utmost kindness and brotherly sympathy by the Masonic fraternity of Knoxville. All through his illness they paid the bills and made good his loss by rebuilding the house, k which now stands where the old one was torn down, a monument of that charity which teaches us to do unto others as we would be done by. Bro. E. T. Eads was Worshipful Master of Pacific Lodge, No. 400, at the time of the cylone. He and his wife were as a father and mother to the stricken family. They left nothing undone that they could do. Their kindness the family will never forget. ershom Martin is editor and proprietor of ^__ the Press and People, a weekly Demo- ij|w^""K cratic paper published at Galesburg every ¥^\ Friday morning. (See history of the Gales- burg press.) Mr. Martin was born in Picka- way County, Ohio, Sept. 18, 1826, and is the eldest of three sons. His father, Cornelius Martin, was a farmer and a pioneer of Clark County, in this Stale, where he died in 1845. "Gersh," as he will long be remembered, left home when he was about 12 years of age, and from that time, it is written, he ! " hustled for himself." From Clark County to Joliet, over 200 miles, he footed it, finding, in many in- i stances, the houses jo miles apart. He, however, up 742 KNOX COUNTY. safely reached his destination, and, like Gen. Gar- field, began his career as a mule-driver on the canal. From the towpath he became errand-boy to the Sheriflfof Will County, at Joliet, and from that situa- tion he entered a printing-office to learn the trade to which he afterward clung. Through all the various experiences of " devil," printer, reporter, etc., incident to a country news- paper, he passed in succession until 1852, when he bought an interest in the Du Page Coitnty Observer, at Naperville, 111., which he edited for about three years. From Naperville he returned to Joliet, and managed a paper there about one year. We next find him at Elgin for a few months, and then at Peoria as 'night editor of the Transcript. He was with this latter paper about three years, when, in co- partnership with E. F. Baldwin, now of the Peoria Journal, he pi;rchased the El Paso Journal and published it for about four years. Mr. B. remained with the paper only a few months. Under Mr. (Martin's management this paper became one of the strongest papers in Central Illinois, a reputation it has continued to maintain. The Journal made its ^'editor and proprietor money, and when he sold out he purchased the Jllinois Sentinel, at Jacksonville, which he managed from 1872 to 1S76. In the lat- ter year he returned to Peoria where, between that time and 1883, the Peoria Democrat about depleted his exchequer. About February, 1883, Mr. Martin succeeded W. B. Barnes in the management of the Press and People. Thus we close a hasty view of Gersh. Martin's newspaper career. A fair resume of his life would fill a volume. As in our mind's eye we see him, a barefooted boy of 12 years of age, start forth from the roof that should have protected him yet many years, covered with a tow shirt and homespun trousers, the pos- sessor of not a penny in money, silently and often tearfully treading along strange roads, making his bed upon the unsheltered grasses and eating the scanty crusts given him by good-hearted pioneers, scattered at distant intervals along his route — as we think of these things in our sanctum, hundreds of miles away from the subject of this sketch, our imagination draws pictures of a life frauglit with ma- terial worthy the pen of the writer of romance. Mr. Martin was an Assistant Doorkeeper of the Illinois Legislature in 1855, 1861 and 1865, and was Enrolling Clerk of the Senate in 1871-72. He was brought up a Democrat, and, barring the pro-slavery ideas that for a time characterized a great portion of that party, he has stood by its principles. An article written by him and published in the El Paso Journal while he was editing that paper is deemed worthy of reproduction here, particularly at this time, as both showing his sentiments and the force and logic of his articles : " All value, all wealth is the product of labor — of somebody's labor. Once the soil whereon Carthage stood could not be bought for the gold plates a quarter of an inch thick that would cover each square foot ; now it is a sandy, desert waste. Once its site was covered with temples, palaces and costly edifices, for the comfort, the convenience and luxury of its citizens; now its site cannot be found. If land of itself possessed any intrinsic value, then an acre on top of the Rocky Mountains or in the heart of the Sahara desert would be worth as much as an acre in the heart of Chicago. But it is not. The hand of man, his talent, his ' genius, his brain, his enterprise, his labor, have made that acre in the heart of Chicago worth millions. Remove the hand and presence of man, his talent, enterprise and labor, and that acre in the heart of *x Chicago would relapse into its aboriginal worthless- ness as a bottomless swamp. Front street in El Paso might be built up from Gibson's residence to Ives' mill with solid marble blocks ; but if there were no people here, no business, no enterprise and no in- dustry, they would be as worthless as the rocks that overhang the canons of the Colorado." Mr. Martin is an able and conscientious writer, and under his management and direction the Press and People has steadily risen to a position not hitherto occupied by any other Democratic paper in Knox County. :-eeley C. Wood, the subject of this sketch, was born in Delaware County, N. Y., April 25, 1822, and is the son of Caleb and Abi- gail (Buckout) Wood. The father was a native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and was born July 29, 1784, and died at Sidney, Delaware County, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1855. He was married to Miss Abi- gail Buckout, in June, 1806, and she died Nov. 6, 1867. The date of her birth was June 8, 1782. They had seven children, named as follows : Jessie + V *t KNOX COUNTY. 743 L., Polina A., Mary St. John, Joseph R., Belinda A., Sarah K. and our subject. Joseph Wood, the grandfather of our subject, was born on Long Island, Jan. 25, 1755 ; he served as a privateer during the Revolutionary War and died Aug. 4, 1836, in Delaware County, N. Y. In March, 1780, he married Miss Mary St. John, who was born in January, 1761, in Connecticut, and died in New York, in November, 1832. They had seven children who grew to man and womanhood, as follows : Jo- seph, Caleb, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Lovina and Benjamin, all of whom have passed over the River and joined the great majority. Seeley C. Wood married Miss Susan Clark, Feb. 5, 1846, who was a native of Delaware County, N. Y., having been born March 30, 1824. They have five children, all of whom were born in the State of New York, as follows : John, born March 18, 1849; Wat- son, Aug. 2, 1852; Agnes, Oct. 22, 1855; Alice, Oct. I, 1859, and Arthur, Jan. 3, 1869. Mr. Wood came to Illinois in 1872 and located on section 8, Galesburg Township, where he has 240 acres of good land, all of which is in a most advanced state of cul- tivation. He has a fine dwelling, built of brick, the dimensions of the house being 36.\38 feet, two stories higli, with a cellar under the whole building. In ad- dition toother improvements, this farm has what are probably the best arranged feeding-lots for swine in the county, where hogs to the number of 200 can be supplied with water and feed without the owner leaving his corncribs, and all under cover or shelter. Nathan Clark, the father of Mrs. Seeley C. Wood, was a native of Delaware County, N. Y., where he was born Sept. ii, 1785. He married Miss Betsie Allen, a native of the same county. Mr. Clark died May 12, 1825, and his widow April 20, 185 i. They had five children, as follows: William, Mary Ann, Milo, Maria and Susan. William died Dec. 30, 1851, and three of the children are now living in the State of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are members of the Congre- gational Church at Galesburg, and he has been afTili- ated with the Republican party for the last 25 years. Mr. Wood is an intelligent, enterprising citizen, a good neighbor and a Christian gentleman, and, al- though coming to Illinois after her development from the primitive prairie into splendid farms and her hamlets into iX)pulou5 towns and cities, Mr. Wood has not failed with his industrious habits to contrib- ute his generous efforts to the continued growth and prosperity of his adopted State. He arrived in this county in April, 1872. A view of Mr. Wood's home is shown on another page. >s\ eter Anderson is a retired farmer, and re- sides on section 25, Victoria Township. Mr. Anderson was born in Sweden, May 13, 1 81 1. His parents, .Andrew and Sarah (Peterson) Anderson, were also natives of Sweden and farmers by occupation. Their family consisted of six children, two of whom still survive — Peter, our subject, and a daughter, Grace. The old people lived and died in their native land. The gentleman of whom this brief personal sketch is given remained at home until 14 years of age, and then worked on a farm by the year for the pittance of $4 for his year's labor and some clothing. Thus "I he continued to work for three years; for the last ' year, however, he received §25. \ In 1839, Mr. Anderson was united in the holy " bonds of wedlock with Miss Sarah Anderson, a daughter of Andrew and Sarah Anderson. The pa- rental family of Mrs. Anderson consisted of three chil- dren, two of whom are still living, viz.: Louisa, now Mrs. Newberg, and Sarah, wife of our subject. After marriage, Mr. Anderson engaged in farming and fol- lowed that calling for six years. At the expiration of that time, in 1846, he left his native land to seek a home in the New World for his wife and two chil- dren. Upon arriving in the United States, they im- mediately settled at Bishop Hill, Henry County, where they remained for a brief period, when they removed to La Fayette, Stark County. At that place he worked out for about four years, and we next find him in Copley Township, Knox County, at which place he rented a farm for some four years, and dur- ing that time successfully operated the same. Sub- sequent to this, in 1856, he purchased the place which constitutes his present home. The farm con- sists of 160 acres, the greater |X)riion of which is till- able and e.vceedingly fertile. Ujwn the place he has erected a very desirable residence, valued at $1,200, and a commodious barn, cos'.ing S500. The premises are surrounded by substantial fences, and the property has been highly embellished by the set. «- "> -^ 744 KNOX COUNTY. ting out of trees and shrubbery of various kinds. Our subject values his home land at $45 per acre. He has been an extensive raiser of stock and grain. Mr. Anderson is the happy father of six children, of whom we give the following brief memoranda: Andrew married Rebecca Wainwright and they have five children — Albert, Effie, Emery, Alma and Earl ; John married Christine Chelgrain, and they are the parents of five cliildren, named Udora, John Ole, Celia, Leo and Dawn; Charles married Miss Mary Monk, and they have two children — Pearl and an in- fant as yet unnamed ; Joseph look to wife Miss Emma Parcel, and they have one child — Vera; Hannah became the wife of Nels Yelm, and is the mother of three children — Charles, Dellie and Henry; the daughter, Louisa, is still at home with her parents. Mr. Anderson adheres to the doctrines of the Repub- lican party in politics. In religious belief both Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Anderson is gen- erally acknowledged as one of Knox County's most enterprising men, and one whose life makes a de- sirable example for the youth of to day, as he has gained all of his possessions (and a goodly portion of this world's goods are his) through his own efforts, by years of diligent toil and the closest economy, and we hope that he may be permitted to spend the re- mainder of his days in peace upon the old home so honestly won. ^ohn F. Fry, a farmer, residing on section 23, Galesburg Township, was born in Wit- tenbuig, Germany, Feb. 28, 1827. He came to America in 1853, and, landing at New York, went to Philadelphia, remaining in that city for about eight months, when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he worked at the butcher- ing business. His enterprising spirit still urging him further to the West, after residing in-Ohio 15 months he moved to Burlington, Iowa, remaining there another 15 months. In 1856 Mr. Fry came to Galesburg and located on section 23, where he has 165 acres of good land; this cost him $roo per acre. On it he has a fine dwelling-house and a good barn. Mr. Fry is the son of Jacob F. and Elizabeth (Kem- ple) Fry, who were married in 1810, the father dying in 1834 in Germany, the mother dying in 1870. They had eight children, as follows : Phillip F., Mary Ann, Dora, Johanna R., Margaret, John, Christ, and Johanna E. Mr. Fry was married to Miss Mary Smith in 1859, she having been born in March, 1827, in France. They are now the parents of six children, as follows : Mary W., born Oct. 15, i860; William F., Nov. 29, 1862; Clara, June 24, 1866; Charles F. and Lottie F., twins, Jan. 23, 1870, and Emma, Dec. 25, 1872. Mr. Fry abandoned the butchering business in 1 88 1, and turned his attention to farming and ship- ping cattle. Mr. Fry is a Protestant, wliile his wife is a member of the Catholic Church. They are highly esteemed in the community as kind neighbors and industrious and valuable members of the community. By strict attention to business Mr. Fry has acquired a valua- ble competency. In politics he belongs to the Dem- ocratic party. ^fea= ^ ^-^^'^^i^^^^^e^^^^^^ lijah Thomas Eads. When an office of ife-i ^' trust is open for bestowal, it behooves ||1^' those in whose gift it lies to make the most jt^ appropriate selection of the individual destined to fill it. If this principle were more frequently observed, fewer persons unsuited to occupy im- portant posts would be encountered in life, and less trouble to tlie community at large would be the re- sult. It would appear, from all we know, that, in the person of the subject whose name lieads this sketch, the right man has been found to fill the office of Postmaster for Knoxville. On the 2d day of March, 1835, Mr. Eads was born in the city of Knoxville, his father, John Eads, be- ing a native of Lexington, Ky., where he was born in October, 1809. The grandfather of Mr. Eads was a native of Maryland. This last-named member of the family removed with his wife and children to Ken- tucky, and was one of the earliest settlers in Le.xing- ton, where he lived until 1826, when he emigrated to Illinois, and settled in Jacksonville, Morgan County. Here he opened and successfully operated a blacksmith shop, at which trade he made a fair competency, and gave general satisfaction. Accu- mulating some means, he later on bought a farm in I. KNOX COUNTY. lAl Morgan County, where in his later years he resided at Waverly. Our subject's father was but 17 years old when he arrived with his parents in Illinois. He learned the blacksmith's trade from his father, whose mechanical ability often embraced more delicate work than his particular occupation called for. In the year 1833 he started on horseback for Chicago, bit his course ly- ing through Knoxville, and being enamored with tlie place, he concluded to stay here. At this period his only worldly possessions were a horse, saddle, bri- dle and $5 in money, which he resolved to use un- der the trying circumstances to the best possible advantage. To increase his funds he resolved on selling his horse and trappings. For these he ob- tained $60. and with tiiis amount oi)ened the first shop in Knoxville, his quarters being located on the west side of the Square. In the winter following, however, he returned to Jacksonville, where, in 1834, he married Margaret Anderson. This lady was a native of Orange County, N. C, where she was bom in 1801. He now thought it full time to pro- vide a home for himself and wife, and at a neighlwring Sheriff's sale purchased a horse for $15, and, equip- ping himself and wife for the journey, set out for Knoxville. Here he resumed work at his trade, ex- ' ecuting orders in general blacksmithing, plowshare- making, and for what in those days were in large de- mand, shovels, tongs, etc. Horseshoeing in those early times had become so great a reiiuisiie that the energies of one man in any community were sorely taxed to meet the demand. Occupying every mo- ment of his lime for two years, he worked steadily on until, forming a partnership with John Cams, he en- gaged in the mercantile business. In this calling he remained until 1850, when, making the journey over- land, he proceeded to California, where he engaged in mining, but only for a few mjnths. To those who have given any thought to the matter those early days of mining in California were ahva_\s replete with struggle, while success or non-success largely became the freak of fortune. Many there are who can now recall the colossal outputs of gold, which the readily-yielding earth bestowed upon those who were fortunate enough to select choice claims, while on the other hand vast numbers whose failure in life is marked by an unprovided-for old age can recall the time when their entire savings, or it may be borrowed money, were spent among the hills of Cali- I fornia, in the vain hope of realizing a hundred ihon- I sand-fold the sums invested. Dajs of hardship, 1 coupled with toil and always accompanied by a spirit \ of dariiig, were the rule of this region when Mr. t Eads entered the lists with his fellow soldiers in the I battle with fortune. Desirous of perhaps slower but : more substantial returns from his labor, he engaged t in trade at Cold Spring, Cal.,but in 1851 resolved on returning via Panama, and, landing at Nicaraugua, spent four days at that place. The ship on which he sailed was the first vessel known to have landed at that place. Quitting Panama and traveling via Ja- maica and New York, he soon found himself again at Knoxville, and, being readily recognized by old friends to whom his worth was well known, he was elected Sheriff of Knox County, in 1852. The year following, in company with R. C. Price, he opened a general store in Knoxville, which he continued to successfully oi>erate up to the date of his death, Sept. 17. 1878. The death of his wife took place in December, 1845. Six children have been left of this family. Of these the subject of this biography is the eldest; Merthe A., who married J. M. Ewing, of Jacksonville, deceased ; Eleanor is the wife of Dr. A. H. Mann, living at Toronto, Kan. ; Erastus died in infancy ; Albert, Cashier of the Union National Bank, Macomb ; Theodore resides in Corning, Iowa, and is a farmer. Mr. Eads was a second time mar- ried, this time to Hannah Proctor, widow of C. K. Harvey, who has two children — John and Kate, the former being dead, while Kate is the wife of Dr. E. H. Stilson, Knoxville. Mr. E. T. Eads was 15 years old when he accom- panied his father in his journey across the plains to California, starting from Knoxville on the 12th of March, 1850, and reaching California in the follow- ing August. I.i his father's service he passed much of his time herding cattle among the mountains, and on his return attended the city schools until 1853, when, at the opcningof Abingdon College, he entered his name at that institution, and with much assiduity applied himself until the spring, when he entered his father's store and devoted his attention to business up to the date of his marriage, which took place on the 27ih of May, 1857. His bride was Miss Mary A. Foreman, a native of Jacksonville, and daughter of Anderson and Mary Foreman, Iwrn in April, 1836. Within a few months after his marriage he removed to Jacksonville, and commencing in trade ^^ \ 746 ■ . Y^ . KNOX COUNTY. continued to operate successfully until 1865, when he returned and purchased an interest in the store of Eads & Price, which he retained until 1878, when he accepted the position of traveling salesman for the firm of Miller Bros., Peoria, representing that house successfully up to 1885, when he resigned, with a view to accepting the position he now occupies. Mr. Elijah Thomas Eads has always been a firm and uncompromising Democrat. His faith in De- mocracy was early stimulated by reading and obser- vation of events, and, though from time to time approached by those who thought they knew better than he, never could be induced to alter his political faith or subscribe to any principle that might in the least detract from the faithful furtherance of what he deemed duty and patriotism. He voted for Bu- chanan as early as 1856. He has been blest with nine children — Harry W., Hettie K., married to William S. Pierce, a merchant, of Wichita, Kan.; Martha L., Lena K., John F., Mary P., Lilly G., Mabel and Paul W. Considering what has been noted here, and coup- ling with this the estimation in which our subject is at >»• present held by all classes, it is certain that between the present time and the close of his life, this gentle- man, who has so successfully influenced his political • party and impressed his friends so favorably, will continue in the esteem of all. ~\«/\.~>t2j2j2-'®^^| |.>*@5~SJ/OTZ'*»»'w~>. ^JB^^c^i Ifhomas Shehan is a general farmer and well-known stock-grower, owning 200 acres ^ of well-improved land on sections 11 and P^ 12, in Walnut Grove Township. This gentle- man was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., March 22, 1852. It will be noticed that we have given the parental history of this gentleman in the biography of Patrick Shehan. These parents were born in County Clare, Ireland, where they also married. Our subject was the third son and fourth child of a family of eight — four sons and four daugh- ters. He was 15 years old when he first came to Illinois with his parents, who settled on the very spot where Mr. Shehan now resides. He has re- sided at home all his life, and at the date of this writing his aged mother still lives with him. He received his education at the public schools, and at his father's death was willed 80 acres of land. He subsequently purchased 180 more, his whole farm at present consisting of 260 acres in a good state of cultivation and well-stocked. He is an active young farmer, and was married Sept. 27, 1881, at Wataga, Knox County, to Miss Frances E. Hiller- by, who was born in Weller Township, Henry Coun- ty, March 31, i860. Her father, William, died in Altona, Knox County, Jan. 13, 1885. He had charge of the railroad pump- works there for 15 years. He was a prominent farmer and came to this coun- try after his marriage in Yorkshire, England, to her mother, Mary Speed, who is now residing with her married daughter. She is in her 62d year and a very venerable old lady. Mrs. Shehan of this notice was educated in Altona and commenced the profes- sion of teaching when she was 17 years old. This she followed up to the date of her marriage. She is the mother of two children — Henrietta, born July 31, 1882, and Charles Thomas, born Dec. 27, 1884. Mr. Shehan is an active and consistent member of., the Roman Catholic Church. He has held the minor offices attaching to his township, and is a Democrat who is looked up to for his soundness of |( principle and readiness to acquiesce in any measure likely to further the Democratic cause. ev. Charles G. Nelson, pastor in charge of the Swedish Methodist Church, Galesburg, was born at Gemla, ;. e., Kronbergs, Lan., Sweden, May 20, 1848, and came to America with his parents, Magnus and Ingril Lena (Peterson) Nelson, in 1854. They settled in Burnett County, Wis., where the senior Mr. Nelson has served his people as County Judge. The subject of this sketch is the only son. He was brought up on his father's farm, attended the public schools and taught for some time in Wiscon- sin. His literary training was finished at Taylor's Falls, Minn. He came to Galesburg from Chicago, where he had spent two or three years, in October, 1884. While a citizen of Wisconsin he held the office of Clerk of Burnett County two years, and there began to study for the ministry. He preached his first regular sermon at Grantsburg, Wis., to which place he was assigned by the Minnesota Methodist Episcopal Conference held at Owatonna, Oct. 7, 1870 *+- i lIBRApy OF THE i::!VERsiTy of ilum' KNOX COUNTY. Ti>etency, and ' jt > who have beautiful homes upon large and pro- X ductive farms and are there passing their I lives in that real enjoyment which can never be obtained in a crowded city, is the gentleman whose name heads this biography, and a view of his pleasant country home is presented in this volume. He is the youngest son of his parents' family of eight children, and was born in Banff, Banflfshire, Scotland, \ Feb. 23, 1 83 1. The father of Mr. Mackintosh was a somewhat re- markable man as regards financial success. He I began with nothing, except a large amount of per- I severance and energy, and rose to be one of the i wealthiest and most prominent citizens of his shire I ' -A in Scotland. He was born near Banff, BanfTshire, Scotland, and early in life learned the ship-carpen- ter's trade in one of the ship-building yards of that city. Soon after, he was taken to Calcutta on board an Indiaman, and on his arrival in that city, through the influence of Dr. Wilson, of notoriety as a traveler and explorer, young Mackintosh secured an engage- ment as an employe of the great firm of Burns & Co., builders. He at first accepted a position which brought him but litde remuneration for his ser\nces, but he worked early and late, ever having the inter- est of his employers in view, and was promoted step by step until he rose to the head of one of the de- partments of their business. The time came when both members of the firm were obliged to be absent from their business on account of their health, and young Mackintosh had the running of the entire bus- iness upon his hands, and conducted it with such a degree of success that it even surpassed that which was accomplished during the presence of the pro- prietors. Year after year passed by and success fol- lowed success until about the year 1822, when Mr. Mackintosh returned to BanfT with a handsome fort- une. Having been married in the meantime, he took one of the best mansions in that city, and there lived and entertained like a prince. For many years he continued to reside in BanfT, surrounded by all the luxuries wealth could procure, and would gladly have remained there could he have obtained such property as he desired. Such not being the case, he visited South Scotland, and on hearing that the es- tate of " Lamancha," in Pebbleshire, was for sale, he purchased the property, which had previously been the residence of Lord Cochrane. To the old mansion on this estate he moved his family and began the improvement of the estate, which had been neglected to such an extent that it presented a somewhat di- lapidated appearance. In various ways he effected the most remarkable improvements that were ever made upon an estate in that portion of Scotland. He remodeled the mansion and improved the garden, adapting them to modern taste, and there lived in the enjoyment of his large accumulation and pleas- ant surroundings, until Feb. 23, r869, the date of his death. He was an Elder in the Church of Scotland. His marriage took place in the East Indies, at which time a Scottish lady who had gone there when in childhood became his wife. Her death occurred subsequent to that of her husband. -H- -6-J-^ ^^^^^ 754 XJVOX COUNTY. Mr. Mackintosh of this notice was but a child ' when his parents removed to South Scotland, and yet he distinctly remembers the old mansion, together with the beautiful surroundings, which his father owned and where he li^ed. Early in life he was sent to Edinburgh, where he received a good education. Afterward by permission of his parents he learned the cabinet-maker's trade. He was then sent to Cal- cutta, East Indies, and was there during Lord Dal- housie's administration. While there he became engaged in the superintendency of his father's bus- iness, which was conducted under the firm name of Mackintosh, Burns & Co., architects, builders and general agents for all kinds of house material. Our subject remained there engaged in business for five years, when lie returned to Edinburgh, Scotland, and there remained until the spring of 1861, when he set sail for the United States. Disembarking at an Eastern seaport, he came directly to Oneida, this county, and the same year, even before he had taken out his naturalization papers or become a citizen of the country, he enlisted in her defense, joining Co. C, 42d 111. Vol. Inf , under Capt. Wadsworth. His ' regiment was assigned to the Army of the Cumber- land, and participated in the battles of Fort Pillow, Island No. 10, Corinth and many others of minor '' import, and he came out of the conflict without ever having been a prisoner or receiving a wound. He was honorably discharged Dec. 19, 1862, and at once returned home. He afterward engaged in fanning, and in 1866 he purchased 320 acres of good, tillable land, where he has since lived. He has a fine resi- dence upon his place, together with handsome out- buildings, and his land is under an advanced state of cultivation. In fact, the scenery of his home farm is almost equal to that upon which the old mansion stood in the South of Scotland. In addition to his home farm he has 180 acres of land in Victoria Township, all of which is well improved, besides seven and a half acres of timber in the same town- ship. Mr. Mackintosh has a suflBciency of this world's goods to enable him to retire from the active labors of life, and spends much of his time at prominent places of resort. Mr. M. owns a summer cottage on Lake Michigan, eight miles from Petoskey, Mich. In September, 187 1, he was united in marriage, at Altona, 111., with Miss Grace Kirk. She was born n Scotland, in 1835, and emigrated to this country with relatives when 33 years of age. Mrs. Mackin- tosh's parents were Robert and Jane (Linton) Kirk. She is the youngest of a family of two children. Alexander Kirk, of Liverpool, England (her brother), is a member of the firm of Pattinson & Kirk, general importers of East India products. The firm is one of the largest in Liverpool. The father and mother of Mrs. M. ar-i deceased, the death of the father taking place in Whiteside, Scotland, in the year 1870, that of the mother in 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Mackin- tosh are members of the Swedenborgian Church. Politically, Mr. Mackintosh is a believer in and sup- porter of the Republican party. _^V .o♦o••@^^K^^■.o♦o.. V— eorge F. Abernethy is one of the most intelligent farmers of Knox County, resid- "wS^P""'^ ing on section 24, of Galesburg Township. *^W^ He was born in Cornwall, Addison Co., Vt., June 10, 1842, and remained with his parents until he gained his majority, working on the farm and attending the district schools. He came *■ to Illinois in 1854 with his parents, and located near Altona. He is a son of Abraham F. and Mary F. (Goodridge) Abernethy, who were natives of Ver- mont, the father being born in 181 2 and dying in 1875. The mother was born in July, 1813, and is still living on the home fa:rm. They were the parents of eight children, as follows: Cornelia S., George F., Mary J., Martha A., David T., Annie V., Albert P. and Hattie, who died in infancy. Mr. Abernethy married Miss Phebe A. Mc- Clatchey in r877. She was born May 19, 1853, and to them have been born two children — Nellie E., Nov. 29, 1880, and George E., Dec. 14, 1883. The parents of Mrs. Abernethy were William and Martha (Foster) McClatchey, natives of Pennsylvania, her father being born Nov. 2. r8i8,and her mother Dec. 25, 1825; both are still living at Knoxville, having become the parents of eight children, named James, Martha E., Phebe R., Fremont, Sarah E , Keziah G., Mead and Nettie E., all now living. The parents are members of the Presbyterian Church ; he is a Republican and a retired farmer. Mr. Abernethy, the subject of this biography, hav- ing come to Illinois nearly a generation ago, has witnessed the grand development of the West, and \ V- :^^^^ KNOX COUNTY. 755 especially of his adopted State, which has grown in that period from a small population to be one of the leading States of the Union, fourth only in pop- ulation, while in material resources and development she stands in some respects first among the noble sisterhood of States. He is the owner of 6i acres of land in this county, having a fine dwelling-house two stories high, 35x35 feet in size, with an addition of i4Xt4 feet on the north side; his barn is a com- modious structure, 26x38 feet in size. He is engaged also, in addition to his fanning operations, in breed- ing fine stock, principally Poland-China swine of pure blood. In this he has been very successful, disposing of his fine pigs to farmers for breeding pur- poses, and thus promoting the growth of graded stock among his neighbors. He generally raises about one hundred of these fine swine per annum, and also deals somewhat in Short-horn cattle. Mr. and Mrs. Abernethy are members of the Con- gregational Church, and the former belongs to the Republican party. Coming from New England and Pennsylvania stock, it is not strange to find in these good people those excellent traits of character which years of cultivation in New England and Pennsyl- vania homes have made almost if not quite heredi- tary, and to find that a coramuiiity whose population is largely composed of people of their sterling worth is so justly famous for its advancement in all that adorns our best civilization. ■^^B- J. Allen, Civil Engineer of the Galesburg r Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., located '"■■ at Galesburg, is a native of Illinois. He was born at Prophetstown, Whiteside County, Dec. 2, 1854, and is a son of Warren and Mary A. (Brown) Allen. The parents are natives of Erie Co., N. Y., and settled in Whiteside County at an early period in its history. Our subject had received a good common-school education, and at the age of 16 years accepted em- ployment with the corporation he at present repre- sents. By means of steady, persistent industry, he has succeded in completing his profession. In 1872 he left his native town and was occupied at difTerent places on the C, B. & Q. R. R. line in Illinois. In 1876 he was transferred to the Iowa side of the Mis- sissippi, where, after four years spent in active con- nection with the corporation, he came here to accept his present position, which he worthily maintains. He is a valued official, a respected citizen and a genial gentleman. He takes no active part in poli- tics or religion, but is conscientiously liberal to all creeds. He married at Afton, Iowa, Miss Lizzie R. Stout, a lady of fine accomplishments and a fitting helpmate to him in his life work. Mr. Allen is an active mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and has been exalted to the Royal Arch degree. He is both public-spirited and enterprising and contributes liberally to all meas- ures tending to the development of the social and industrial life of his adopted city. I^harles Brechwald, deceased, was born at J^ Klein, Winterheim, near Mentz, Germany, Dec. 31, 1829, and came to America in 1853, departing this life at Galesburg, 111., Jan. 13, 1884. The parents of Mr. B. were residents of the old country, in which they spent almost all their lives. They were Michael and I Margaret (Fleck) Brechwald, and the father was a wine-grower. He brought up his son to farming j pursuits. Charles Brechwald was allowed the best educational privileges and received an exceptionally good education in his mother tongue. Although he made no special efTort in this country to speak the English language, he soon absorbed sufficient knowl- edge of it to enable him to transact any business accurately. In after years his mind became a store- house of learning and information which proved a great benefit to him. His first year in this country he spent on a farm in Cook County, and his second year as a railroad contractor. He came to Gales- burg in 1856, and from that time up to 1863 was employed by the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., under a con- tract with the fuel department. By this time he had accumulated considerable cai)ital, and engaged in the wholesale liquor business, at which he rapidly built up a fortune. He was one of the most public- spirited men in the city, and as such was recognized by all as a man of more than ordinary ability. He was the principal mover in the construction of the Galesburg Opera House, and at his death was the principal owner of that gigantic building. From 44- =J^ f4^— ^^^rJ-f 756 KNOX COUNTY. \ Th 4i> Eads' Illustrated History of Galesburg we clip the following as apropos in this connection, as it reflects somewhat the business capability of the late Mr. Brechwald, now conducted by his sons: " As a representative house in their line in this city, and at the same time one of the oldest, the firm of C. Brechwald & Co. is entitled to more than a brief mention in our publication. Founded in 1851, or over a third of a century ago, by the late Mr. C. Brechwald, who began business upon a small capi- tal, the fortunes of the house have been as inti- mately connected with the development of Gales- burg as any concern in the community. During Mr. Brechwald's life the business had his personal attention, and during that time he had not only es- tablished a reputation for honor and responsibility that ranked him high among the pioneer business men of that city, but laid the foundation of a great monetary success. Since the deatii of Mr. C. Brech- wald, in January, 1884, the business has been carried on by his sons, Messrs. Nick and Fred Brechwald, who were given a business training by their father. This firm have commodious quarters in the Opera House Block, where they carry a complete line of every variety of goods usually found in a first- class establishment of the kind." Mr. Brechwald was virtually in active business up to the time of his death, although he had been an invalid for several years. From a local publication of the day succeeding his death we quote the fellow- ing tribute : " His benevolence was proverbial. No charitable object was ever presented to him to which he did not contribute, and no poor person ever applied to him for aid who did not receive it. As a man, his word could always be relied upon. As a friend, he was ever kind and true. " He was a member of the Knights Templar, of which he was Treasurer for many years. He was also a member of Amor Lodge, No. 594, I. O. O. F. " The disease which caused his death was sclerosis. His illness was a long and painful one, extending through nearly five years, and of a character such as Would have made most men peevish and unbearable. A good part of this time he spent with his family. But he bore this infliction himself and inflicted none of it on others. He showed fortitude, resignation I and patience, where there was cause for deep gloom. There were no bursts of impatience, but even his ' . • 'A illness made home more homelike, because sunned by such a disposition. It was here that he knit his family most closely to his own life. He sang with them, he talked with them, he read for them, he brought forth all tjie intellectual treasures his mind had accumulated. This affection his family recip- rocated. "The last scene was a very touching one. He seemed to be feeling brighter and better, and so was moved from the bed to his reclining-chair, to be pushed into his favorite place where the sunlight was streaming in through the windows. Before the chair had reached its accustomed place he sank rapidly. In a moment or two, with his family around him, leaving a cheerful and tranquil look upon his face, his spirit winged its flight." In the death of Mr. Brechwald, Galesburg lost one of her best citizens. He left surviving him a wife, whose maiden name was Barbara Walz, to whom he was married in Chicago, April 2, 1854, and they had six children, as follows : Nicholas, Mary, Helen M., Frederick C, Amelia B. and an infant unnamed. Frank, their second-born, died at the age of two years, and their youngest died in infancy. The sons "il who succed Mr. Brechwald are Nicholas and Freder- ick, who unitedly carry on the business. They are educated gentlemen, under whose supervision the business has grown to mammoth proportions, and are {wpular in the community from whom they receive hearty patronage. The education and refined and cultured manners of the younger members of the family attest that their father had high appreciation of the graces of life as well as its more substantial features. ■on. Dennis Clark, Judge of the Knox County Court, was born near Washington, Daviess County, Ind., Aug. 14, 1817, and was the second eldest son of Walter and Mary (Young) Clark, natives respectively of Virginia and New Jersey. Our subject was in early life surrounded with but few advantages. His parents were poor people ; his mother died when" he was only four years of age, and from that time until able to look out for himself he led the life of an orphan, which, without embellishment, tells its own story to the thoughtful and observing. Our subject was very industrious in the acquire- LIBRARY . ... ^^ ™f L..;VERSITY OF (LLIM-^ ^%- ■if ' ,■'%,^J* % LIBRARY OF THE L.,iVERSITY OF ILUNCIS L -«» KNOX COUNTY. 761 nient of an education, and while yet a youth we find him teaching school during the winters and working on a farm during the rest of the year, and assidu- ously pondering on Blackstone, Coke upon Littleton, Chitty et al., determined upon applying himself to the law. He came to Illinois in the year 1823, and to Knox County in 1833, and has lived here ever since. Up to i860 he devoted most of his time to farming. During that year he began the practice of law before the Justices of Indian Point and adjoining townships, and in 1866 he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court, at Ottawa. Before this he had filled various prominent offices, and in 1865 was elected County Judge. With what success he administered this important office is attested by the fact that from the day of his first installation Knox County has known no other County Judge. At this writing (January, 1886), Judge Clark is serving his 21st year, with one year before him, which, when completed, will make 21 years' service. During the late war, 1861-65, Mr. Clark, then known as Capt. Clark from having held that rank in the mili- tia away back in the "30's," was employed by the Government as Enrolling Officer. He was one of the original Republicans; was a member in i860 of the convention that selected the delegates to the Na- tional Convention that introduced Abraham Lincoln to the world. Judge Clark's grandfather, Dennis Clark, came from Ireland to America away back in the 18th cent- ury, joined the Colonial Army and with it fought the British from the battle of Lexington to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. He subsequently mar- ried, and his oldest son, Walter Clark, the immediate ancestor of the gentleman whose name heads this article, joined the United States Army at the out- break of the War of 181 2 and fought the ancient enemy to the close of that struggle. Judge Clark's wife, named Martha Meadows, to whom he was married at Knoxville, this county, April 10, 1845, was a native of Kentucky and a daughter of the late Henry Meadows, a pioneer of Warren County, this State. Of the ten children born to them, five in number, four sons and one daughter, died in infancy. The others are Walter H., editor of the . Abingdon ^rg'Wfy William Benton, a farmer, in Kansas ; Buford, farmer, resident at Ab- ingdon ; Horace, also a farmer, and Loren is a printer. Judge Clark's residence has been for many years at Abingdon. He is noted for his generosity and his unselfishness. Dunn ghis unusually long serv- ice on the bench he has rendered valuable service to thousands by fatherly and legal advice. He is ever ready to settle difficulties by arbitration, thus saving attorney and court fees as well as much personal bitterness. In these and many other ways his long service has been of great worth to the people of Knox County. Fidelity, honesty and unselfishness— those rare graces for an official — have shown forthwith un- dimmed brilliancy during his long judicial career. Not an act of his has ever clouded his record, nor the reproach of his political enemies ever robbed him of the highest esteem and confidence of the general public. ^jfS^i^apt. George A. Charles. While modest t; k^3f worth and steadiness of principle continued W^^ to attract the general applause of men, the vh name of this gentleman, now deceased, could ^ not h^ve failed to impress itself on the minds ' of those who were either directly brought into contact with him in every day life, or indirectly in- " duced to seek his favor. His boyhood was not at all a bed of roses, and, like most men whose youths were contemporary with his own, he had to face the customary difficulties of the hour. Mr. Charles was a farmer of Knox County, and one of the most successful operators of his time. He was born in Erie County, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1810. His father, John Charies, was a narive of Pennsylvania, and originally of German parentage. He was born on the 17th of October, 1782. The mother of the sub- ject was Eunice Gates, a native of York State, and born June 16, 1788, her parents being originally from Connecticut. While still a young man John Charles quitted Pennsylvania, and proceeded to York State, and for a brief time drove a stage, but later became commander of a vessel which sailed the lakes. In this capacity he was known and for years afterward was called by the cognomen, Capt. Charles. To those who knew him as a sailor he had a special charm of character and manner. Always frank, generous, never suspicious and ever ready to help his fellows, he created a host of admirers, who did not and could not soon forget him. A few years passing, and tiring of his ship, Capt. Charles resolved upon agricultural pursuits, and set- *t~ -t 762 KNOX COUNTY. tied upon a farm near Buffalo, N. Y. This he occu- pied up to the year 1830, when, selling out and accompanied by his wife and children, he came west- ward in quest of a home. Journeying toward the Ohio River, where he procured what is known as a flatboat, he pursued his course southward. The river at the tmie being exceedingly low, he e.xperienced great difficulty in his forward course. Finally, see- ing fit to abandon the boat, the family engaged pas- sage on a steamer going to St. Louis, and thence to Edwardsville, Madison County, a locality where they wintered until their arrival in Knox County ; the fol- lowing spring they located upon section 28, of what is now Kno.\ Township. Beside a few acres being broken, a small log house was found in the vicinity, and without further question the family took up their abode in it. During the summer of 1831 the family stalled on foot for a more remote and secluded spot, that would insure them protection against the inroads of the Indians. Returning shortly, however, they built a hewed-log house, adjoining the cabin they had so recently quitted. These buildings they occupied for some years previous to the erection of a frame house, which shortly before his death became his residence; his death occurred March 23, 1843. His wife, an admirable and highly esteemed lady, sur- vived him for many years, her death occurring on the 30th day of May, 1876. Mr. George A. Charles, the gentleman whose name this biography is intended to perpetuate, was the oldest of a family of seven children — Alvah G , Susan A., Samuel M., John N., May A., Harvey P. Mr. Charles was in his 20th year, when, with his parents, he arrived in Illinois, where the family made their home, he residing with them until his marriage with Pomelia Gardiner. He then purchased a claim, and entered froiri the Government land on section 22, of Knox Township. Becoming settled here, he, with his wife, commenced housekeeping in a log cabin, wliere they resided until her death. After his marriage with his second wife he also continued to reside in it for a short time, until they erected a frame house. After the death of his first wife he again married, this time DorUnsky Post. She is a native of New York State and a daughter of Ezra and Patty (Pratt) Post. The celebration of this marriage took place Dec, 5, 1843. Up to the year 1870 he con- tinued to live on the farm, when he removed to Kno.xville and purchased a residence on East Main street, which remained his home until his death, which occurred on the 5th of November, 1878. By the first marriage there was one child, Rosalia. She became the wife of James F. Earl, and lives in Ma- son City, Mason Co., 111. By the second marriage there were four children born — Alvira, who married Robert Buckley, and died Dec. 10, 1884 (by which marriage there was one child, named Roland); Alanson G., Albion P. and Harley J. are the sons, all highly respected and influential citizens of Knox County, and represented in this volume by personal sketches. Politically Mr. Charles was a Democrat, and con- sequently a member of the party in the minority in Knox County; yet he, even under these circum- stances, attained a great deal of influence, not only in the county, but was also a strong factor in the Dem- ocratic party of this portion of the State, and his counsel was often sought and his opinion relied upon as to the methods of conducting campaigns. Per- sonally Mr. Charles had but little political aspira- tions, yet the fact that in a strong Republican town- ship he was several times elected Supervisor will attest the appreciation in which he was held by his fellow-citizens. He was also called to serve as County Surveyor. For the second time Mr. Charles was elected County Surveyor, and apart from this held various offices of trust in the township. As Supervisor for many years, his judgment was always looked upon as deserving of first consideration. In the Knoxville Lodge of A. F. & A. M.,for a number of years, he held prominent offices, and by his sym- pathy with the cause of Masonry and active partici- pation in every measure likely to promote the good of the institution attracted to himself the good will and esteem of the brethren. When he came here to this county his means did not amount to S3°°j ^"d by dint of industry and perseverance and good judgment he succeeded in achieving success. He was always regarded by his friends as a man of the soundest judgment and with keen foresight ; his methods of business were those which are actuated by thorough integrity and straight- forward honesty of purpose. These sterling prin- ciples won him hosts of friends, and by strict attention to business he succeeded in acquiring and leaving to his wife and children a handsome fortune. As a man of simple and honest character, coupled with a noiseless, though active life, he is now re- I KNOX COUNTY. 763 \ membered by many wami friends who knew and appreciated to some extent his many virtues. As a means ot' perpetuating the memor)' of such an excel- lent citizen, we record in an imperishable manner this brief outline of his life, and to retain the likeness of his features to his friends and posterity we also give his portrait. As a companion picture we also give the portrait of the lady who so long and faith- fully walked by his side. els Hedstrom. This gentleman is a prom- inent farmer, residing on ♦section 36, in Walnut Grove Township, and is the pos- sessor of 560 acres of fine land. Among his fellow-townsmen he is looked upon as a man of clear judgment and excellent executive abil- ity. He was born in Helsingland, Sweden, Dec. 21, 182 1. His father was Andrew Hsdstrom, also a native of the same province. There he married Catherine Snal, a native of the same vicinity, and of the union four children were the result. These were all born in Sweden. One other, however, died in that country. Subsequently the father emigrated to the United States. This movement took place in the winter of 1847. The family on their arrival here with a colony located at Bishop Hill, where Johnson, the prophet, took up his headquarters. Here the parents lived and died The father was a zealous believer in and an earnest advocate of the faith set forth by Johnson, remain- ing a minister all his life, and being a very righteous and good man and a citizen who won for himself the good wishes of many and the blame of none. This gentleman died in the prime of life. Our subject, while quite a boy, learned the tailor- ing trade, which was originally that of his father. When in his 24th year he came with his parents to this country. He did net long remain unmarried, for, settling on his farm for a short period, he was married on the 8th of May, 1848, in Victoria, to Miss Christina Modine. This lady, discovering for herself and believing in the faith of her husband, left her family and hearth to follow him and the re- ligion which was now dear to her. Her death took place in the city of Galesburg, this county, in Oc- tober, 1856. For some time previously she had not lived at home. By the marriage there were three children, two now deceased. Caroline E., born Aug. 14, 1849, is the wife of Charles Linderholm, now re- siding in Dayton, Iowa. Mr. H. was again married, Feb. 14, 1857, in Kno.xville, 111., to Miss Christine Fagar, who was a native of Helsingland, born May 18, 1828. Her par- ents died in Sweden. While yet a young woman -Mrs. Hedstrom came to the United States, in 1856, and settled in the State of Illinois. By her marriage there were seven children born to the family, one of whom is dead : Andrew A., William W., Emma D., Josephine, Charles O., Mary A. ; Sophia M. died Oct 29, 1872. Mr. Hedstrom was the owner of 55 acres of highly improved land in Knox Township, where he resided until 1868, and then removed to Walnut Grove Township. He has since that date improved the beautiful farm on which he now lives. -Mr. Hedstrom's specialty is swine and stock raising, the breeds being of good quality The ancestr)- of this gentleman were of the Swed- ish Methodist Episcopal Church, who, as we have already shown, had to endure much on their arrival in this country. Landing here almost without means, x- they were compelled to fight their way upward and onward, so that whatever possessions the) can call their own to-day were only gotten after the severest trials had been encountered and almost insurmount- able obstacles cleared a»vay. In politics Mr. Hed- strom is a good Republican. H. Calkins, Secretary of the Galesburg Pressed Brick and Tile Company, is a na- tive of Castile, N. Y., where he was born March i, 1828, and acquired an academical education. His parents were Elisha D. and Abigail (Lockwood) Calkins, were natives of Connecticut, and trace their ancestry back to Wales and Holland respectively. In the year 1854 James H. left his native place and removed to Ohio, whence he came to Illinois, locat- ing in Bureau County in the fall of 1856. In 1862 he came to Galesburg, in which city he tarried for four or five years, employed as clerk in a hardware establishment. He next engaged in business for himself as a leather merchant. This business he sold V -M^ r^ 764 KNOX COUNTY. out at the end of two years, and at once purchased the hardware trade of his old employer. In this he continued about seven years, retired, and was, in 1878, elected Justice of the Peace, an office he held by election and re-election until the spring of 1885. In 1875 he served the city one term as Mayor, and in 1879, counting his connection with various orders and corporations, he was filling twenty-one official positions. In April, 1883, the Galesburg Pressed Brick and Tile Company was organized with a capital of $50,- 000, with A. C. Calkins as President and the subject of this sketch as Secretary. (See full history of the company in this volume.) In July, 1884, the capital stock was increased to $roo,ooo. The plant is locat- ed two miles east of the Galesburg Public Square, where there is an inexhaustible supply of clay. This, in quality and quantity, is unsurpassed ir the world. The coal used in these works is mined from beneath the clay. Their principal product, so far, is paving (and fine pressed brick, and experience indicates that for street purposes there is no material superior. The capacity of the works, which will be run in full in ^886, is from ten to twelve millions per annum. This pany may be rightly considered one of the stand- stitutions of Galesburg. *^886,i: I com pa lard ins sP|t ucius A. Brown is a farmer and blacksmith, ■piSf residing on section 9, in Galesburg Town- ship. He is the owner of a ten-acre lot. No. 477 West Main street. This gentleman was boin in Tioga County, N. Y., in 1831, and came to Illinois in 1863, locating in Galesburg. He learned his trade as blacksmith in New York State, where he successfully worked for some time before emigrating westward. He is now engaged e.x- tensively in horseshoeing and general repairing. In March, 1859, he married Miss Sarah Peck, who was born near Horseneck, Conn., the famous spot where Gen. Israel Putnam rode down the precipice on horseback. This lady was born in 1827. Accom- panied by her parents, she arrived in New York State and settled in Cayuga County in 1845. Here the subject of this sketch first became acquainted with his wife. Her parents are now deceased, but mem- bers of the family still reside in Connecticut, where r they occupy a good social standing. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Brown there has been no issue. A brother of our subject, Leveret B. Brown, lives at Little Rock, Ark., and fills the position of postal clerk between St. Louis and Little Rock. The subject of this sketch and his wife are mem- bers of the First Congregational Church of Galesburg, where they are both held in liigh esteem by the con- gregation. Mr. C. is a good Republican. -S3= &- ames E. Ground. A brief summary of the more important points in the life career of the subject of this historical narrative is made in this writing as evidence of his title to the high place which he occupies among the enterprising men and successful citizens of Knox County. His farm is situated on section 6, Indian Point Township, and has everything in the way of modern conveniences calculated to make it pleasant and desirable. Mr. Ground was born in Knox County, Nov, 26, 1858, and is the son of Henry and Eliza (Boydston) Ground, both natives of Kentucky. He was born May 20, 1804, and died March 30, 1881. On Sept. 12, 1832, he married Nancy Smith, who was born Aug. 31, 1802, and died Sept. 27, 1834. To them one child, Mary E., was born, Aug. 24, 1833. She married James W. Butler and now lives in Kansas. The marriage of Mr. Ground and Miss Eliza Boydston took place April 24, 1840. This lady was born July 3, 1817, and is still living. To them were born ten children, namely: Robert B., born April 17, i84£, wedded Dorthula Allen and lives in Nebraska ; Rhoda M., born Sept. 6, 1843, married M.W. Allen ; Sarah M., born Aug. 24, 1845, died Nov. 22, 1856; Malinda A., wife of J. N. Harshbarger, was born Sept. 3, 1847 ; William H., who married Catherine Lewis, was born Sept. 11, 1849, ^^^ "o^ lives in Nebraska ; Drusilla J. was born Feb. 17, 1852, married John Jones and lives in Knox County ; John H. and Mar- tha L. (twins) were born Aug. 2, 1854; the former married Hannah Nelson and resides in Nebraska; the latter married Mr. W. S. Allen and resides in Warren County; an infant child died in February, 1857 ; James E. married Miss Minnie A. Cowper -H- KNOX COUNTY. 765 March 5, 1884; one child blessed their union — Claud Chester, born Feb. 10, 1885. Mrs. Ground's father is a native of Scotland, bom June 17, 1835; her mother was bom in Kentucky, May 5, 1835 ; they were united in marriage, June 18, i860, and are living in Nebraska. They were the parents of seven children, by name as follows : Min- nie A., John W., William J., James M., Robert A., Charles C. and Anna E. Minnie A. is the only one married. Mr. Ground is the possessor of a finely cultivated farm, which he works very successfully, and is also engaged in the breeding of stock; he watches with much interest the growth of his Scotch-Galloway cat- tle. He has 25 head of pure-blood and high-grade animals, and has in his possession Black Ned, No. 703; and Tam O'Shanter, No. 2446. Black Ned weighs 1,500 pounds, and is two years old. Mr. Ground bred Tam O'Shanter and bought Black Ned. He began with this herd two years ago and has had the best of success. His place is called the Gallo- way Stock Farm. He has the two noted cows Alice I May, No. 660, and Lucy's Maid, No. 662 ; they both T have heifer calves, which are highly valued. Mr. Ground thoroughly understands the habits and needs of stock and the chief requisites for their successful breeding. The premiums at the New Orleans World's Fair for the best bullock of any age or breed, both in the ring and on the block, were awarded to a Galloway steer owned by A. B. Matthews, of Mis- souri. In addition to these, Mr. Ground raises Norman grade horses and breeds Poland-China hogs. He is an active public worker and in politics is a Demo- crat. \ els Nelson, Secretary' of the Scandinavian Mutual Aid Association, whose headquar- ters are at Galesburg, was born in Sweden, July 13, 1840, and came to America in t856, his parents, Nels and Hannah (Johnson) Bengt- son, having preceded him to this country about two years. To the Scandinavian the variation of surnames here noticeable presents no anomaly; but to the per- son unacquainted with the custom of these people in reference to nomenclature a brief explanation is prob- 1 ably due. In Sweden, the given name of the head of the family, often, though not always, supplies the initial syllable to what becomes, as understood by the Saxon, Celt and Teutonic races, a family or sur- name. Thus, in this instance Nels Nelson is ob- served to be descended from Nels Bengtson ; in other words, he is Nels, son of Nels, while his father was Nels, son of Bengt. All the sons of Nels Bengtson would be surnamed Nelson, while the daughters of that gentleman would end their names as " Nels' daughter." Arriving in this country, the native cus- tom is dropped ; in fact, the Swede, more readily than any other foreigner coming to our shores, aban- dons old-country customs and accepts, heart and soul, the higher and better ideas of government and society here found. Our subject was i6 years of age when he arrived in this country. His father died at Chicago immediately upon arriving in that city, and the mother made her way to Galesburg, where he foundher, and where she yet lives. Nels' first obligation, viz. : the refunding to his benefactor of his passage money, was promptly discharged from his very first earnings. He then set I about earning a livelihood and acquiring a knowledge !l of the English language. The latter was hastily ob- tained, and by attendance at the public schools he was not long in possessing himself of a good business education. He farmed a year or two ; worked with the C, B. & Q R. R. people awhile; alternating the winters and summers with study and labor. At the outbreak of the war we find him at work cabinet-making, which he abandoned Sept. r, 1861, to enter Co. C, 43d 111. Vol. Inf , as a private soldier. Uiwn the organization of the regiment he was made Fifth Sergeant, and served till Nov. 30, 1865, leaving the army as First Lieutenant. He was twice sent home on recruiting service, and did detail duty awhile as superintendent of the military prison at Lit- tle Rock, Ark. The rest of the time he was with his regiment. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Jackson, Tenn., Salem Cemetery and Bolivar, Tenn., Mechanicsburg, Miss., through Arkansas under Gen. Steele and in any number of skirmishes. Returning to Galesburg in December, 1865, he clerked awhile in the grocery business, and in 1867 engaged in bus- iness for himself in the firm of Bengtson, Nelson & Co., the partnership lasting four years, when ill health made it necessary for him to sell out. In April, 187 1, our subject was elected City Treas- i^ ;l^ x» 766 KNOX COUNTY. urer and Collector, and was re-elected four successive terms, resigning before the expiration of his last term on account of failing health. From 1876 to 1880 he held the office of Supervisor; was on the Board of Education four years ; Trustee and Treas- urer of the First Lutheran Church for thirteen years; Manager of the Commercial Union Co-operative Store one year. He was in the book and stationery business for three years. From 1879-82 he was, in company with N. P. Swenson, in the grocery bus- iness. This they sold out to the Commercial Union. At the organization of the Scandinavian Mutual Aid Assocation (q. v.) he was made Secretary. Mr. Nelson was married May 19, 1868, at Gales- burg, to Miss Sarah Nelson. They have buried one child, and have one — Arthur, now a promising stu- dent. I^|l f^'j athew Pierce is a prominent and success- iJa^^^ ful farmer, residing on section 9, in Wal- nut Grove Township. He owns 160 acres of highly improved land, which, from a farming point of view, has all the requirements necessary for successful agriculture. He came to this county from Lewis County, N. Y., where he was born on the 15th day of July, 1833. Locating in this county, Dec. 7, 1853, he has since made such progress as to win the esteem of those who are prac- tical farmers. He made his first purchase of land in 1856, on section 31. This consisted of 72 acres. Here he resided until 1875, when he sold out and took up his residence on his present location. The death of his father, Robert Pierce, occurred when Mathew was in his tenth year, the date being'1843. His mother's maiden name was Mary Crosby, her de- cease taking place a month earlier, in the same year. Our subject was the oldest son but two of a family of seven children — four sons and three daughters. Early in years he found the battle of life was not to be won except by strict perseverance, combined with industry and economy. He labored in his native county up to the age of 21, when he came to Knox, and was married in Copley Township, April 16, 1857, to Mary Hobbs. This lady was born in Knox County, Jan. 21, 1839. She was brought up in her parents' home, the latter being of English descent, but arriv- ing in the United States soon after their marriage in. the old country. Mrs. Pierce died at her home in this township, Feb. 16, 1862. She was the mother of three children — Charles, Ella and Mary. Charles married Amanda Bartlett, and resides in Altona; he is a switchman in the service of the C, B. & Q. R. R. ; Ella is married to Morse Whiting, proprietor of a meat-market in Altona; Mary, who married Alexan- der W. Anderson, resides in Galva, her husband fol- lowing the occupation of a druggist. Mrs. Pierce was a lady widely known and highly esteemed by a large circle of acquaintances in her vicinity. Mr. P. was again married in Oneida, Feb. 15, 1865, to Miss Amelia C. Mix, a native of Dutchess County, N. Y., born April 29, 1841. She was the daughter of Daniel and Charlotte (Park) Mix, natives respectively of Dutchess and Westchester Counties, New York. They were of English and French ancestry. In 1855, Dan- iel Mix and family came to Illinois and located in this county, the mother having previously died in Dutch- ess County, N. Y. The father subsequently married a sister of his first wife, named Sophia. The father only lived in this county up to the fall of 1864, when he emigrated to Woodson County, Kan., where he is at present residing. He was born on the 7th of April, 1 80 1. By the union of Mr. and Mrs. Pierce there have been five children born, four of whom survive : Del- bert died Sept. 24, 1883; Charlotte E., William E., Lorenzo D., each residing at home, and Park M. Mr. Pierce and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Pierce is a Trustee. The grandfather of this gentleman was born in Ire- land and followed the occupation of farming ; later he came to the United States and died in Lewis County, N. Y. In politics Mr. Pierce has always been a stanch adherent of the Republican party. 'ohn G. West, who died June 9, 1886, was a prominent farmer on section 17, Gales- burg Township. He was born on the 21st of Januar)', 1812, in Cayuga County, N. Y., and lived at the home of his parents until he had attained his majority. While working on his father's farm he at the same time attended the district school, and managed to secure a good com- mon-school education. He married Miss Amy Rooks on the 29th of De- HH V -64^ KNOX COUNTY. 767 cember, 1836, in Genesee County, N. Y., and arrived in Illinois Feb. 17, 1837. He had, however, come to Lx)g City, in this State, June 3, 1836, a few months before his marriage, and returned in the autumn of the same year and was married as above stated. He subsequently purchased 80 acres of land on sec- tion 17, and had from time to time added to it until it had reached the aggregate of 400 acres of good land. He from time to time sold portions of his land and divided some of it up among his sons until at the time of his death he only practically farmed 73 acres. On this farm are a comfortable dwelling- house and out-buildings. For one year he was located at Log City, and resided in a log house until he built a frame dwelling on the present section. His amiable wife, Mrs. West, was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., on the 4th of September, iStS. She was the daughter of Ira and Philena (Sharp) Rooks, both natives of Connecticut. Her father was born in 1785 and died in 1828. Her mother's birth took place in Januarj", 1785, and her demise in 1865, in Knox County. They had four children — Amy, Mar)-, Elizabeth and Sarah. Amy and Sarah are the only surviving members of the family. They also had four sons, but all these died in infancy. Mr. West's father was John West, born on the ' 15th of February, t77o, in the Slate of Connecticut. His birth took place at Lenox, and his marriage to to Miss Sallie Woodcock dated Nov. 7, 1793. This good lady was born Sept. 2, 1772, at Willianistown, Mass. Soon after their marriage they removed to Washington County, N. Y., where he made a pur- chase of some land that was heavily timbered. This he cut down, and the soil was soon prepared for cul- tivation. In this locality he remained until 1805, when he sold out and purchased land in Cayuga County, N. Y. This latter purchase consisted of 100 acres, which, being covered with timber, he again undertook took to clear, and soon made it fit for ag- ricultural pur|K)ses. On this farm he remained until 1 81 4, when he sold out and moved to Genesee County, N. Y. Here he comfortably lived until 1837, when he came to Illinois and spent the balance of his life with his son John, the subject of this biog- raphy. His decease took place on the loth of Feb- ruary, 1852, at a ripe old age. His wife's decease had taken place five years earlier, on the nth of November, also at the home of her son. They were both respected members of the Presbyterian Church at Galesburg, and were the parents of 11 children. All these latter survived, and each in due course was married. Their names are Hannah, bom Dec. 31, 1794 ; Esther, Sept. 4, 1796; Eliza and Pamelia, twins, July 6, 1798; Nehemiah, Aug. 26, 1800; Laura, June 23, 1802, and who is now living in Iowa; Charles P., Aug. 9, 1805 ; Lois, Feb. 19, 1808; Minerva, Feb. 18, 1810; John G., Jan. 21, 1812; and Sallie, Nov. 17, 1814. Mr. West of this notice was the youngest but one of his parents' family. He left six sons, who have all grown to manhood, but unfortunately buried three little daughters when quite young. The sons are Charles, born Jan. 10, 1838; Lyman, on the 20th of the same month, 1840; Homer, Dec. 27, 1842; Ira, April 24, 1845; Nehemiah, Sept. 21, 1847; and Willard, May lo, 1855. Mr. West may be looked upon as one of the fore- most pioneers of Knox County. He worked in- dustriously among the early settlers and won for himself an enduring reputation He was Supervisor for one year and was Assessor, in his township, for over 20 years. Besides, he filled the office of Trustee of the Old First Church of Christ, of Gales- burg. This body was organized in t836. Mr. W. acted in the capaciry just stated for more than 40 years. All his family are members of that church. He was an Anti-Mason. Politically he was a consistent and very active Republican, whose views of his party were only formed by rime, close observa- tion and the desire to be on the side of the right. On the occasion of Mr. West's death, a Galesburg paper said of him : " He had a part in every good word and work connected with Galesburg. Log City records show not only the formation of the Old First Church as laid there, but .an anri-slavery and a temjjerance society, to both of which he belonged ; later, when Galesburg became a starion on the Underground Railroad, he was occasionally a conductor thereon. When \jo% City moved out to the prairie and be- came Galesburg, John West, who was a farmer, bought his land two and a half miles west of town, where he lived ever after, moving from one side of the road to the other, as his increasing family made a larger house necessary, but returned to the original spot when the marriage of his sons and their going to homes of their own made the larger house seem 'J^^ KNOX COUNTY. lonesome. Widely scattered as his children are, his friends and influence extended much farther. A gentleman remarked to-day, ' I believe there is not a county in Nebraska in which there is not someone who knew him and will feel that in John West's death he has lost a friend.' This widespread in- fluence was not gained by public service, but by SO years of faithfully doing the duty that stood next him. To do the right, as God gave him to see the right, was the rule of his hfe, and he lived so near his Savior that he never lacked guidance." piram Mars, head of the firm of Mars & Hamilton, the representative lumber dealers of Galesburg, the sole survivors of the va- rious successors in turn to the business of Ed- win Post, the pioneer lumber merchant of this place. He came here from Quincy, 111., in 1856, and erected a planing-mill, which he operated about two and a half years, afterward converting it it into a paper-mill. The paper-mill died more than 25 years ago with the same disease that caused the untimely taking off of the Galesburg Water-works, in 1884-5, to- wit : chronic drouth. When the war broke out Mr. Mars was clerking in a lumber office, and in the early part of 1863 he was appointed Assistant Supervising Agent in the United States Treasury in Memphis, Tenn., a position he filled until 1864. In 1870, in company with N. An- thony, he succeeded Mr. Post in the lumber bus- iness, and to this he has given most of his attention. Mr. Mars was born near Louisville, Ky., Jan. 7, 1830. His father, Andrew Mars, died at the age of 35. and his mother, who before marriage was Miss Elizabeth P. Whips, died in 1849, in Quincy, to which place the family came from Kentucky in 1843. Hiram was the eldest of three sons, and was brought up to the calling of a farmer, receiving his education at Jacksonville (111.) College. He began study with a view to the medical profession, but at the death of his mother abandoned the idea and took charge of the farm and the affairs of the family. Upon the completion of his task, which was in March, 1856, he came to Galesburg. Here he distinguished him- self as the friend of public enterprise and a lover of learning. For years he has been identified with the public library, as he has also with the public parks, and in horticulture and floriculture to the extent of beautifying the parks, adorning the homes of citi- zens, and thereby helping to beautify the city, and inducing emigration to the handsomest city in Illi- nois. He is an appreciative patron of literature and the drama, active in the I. O. O. F., and a wide- awake member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Mars married in Quincy 111., in 1852, Miss Louisa F. Barr, who died at Galesburg in 1864, leaving one child, now Mrs. F. H. Holmes. May 14, 1872, Mr. Mars married his second wife. Miss Lizzie H. Smith, at Wellsburg, W. Va., and the chil- dren born to them are Katie M., James A. and Mary Elizabeth. Politically he was an old-line Whig until the aban- donment of that political organization, then voted for Fremont in 1856, and from that time to the pres- ent has been a stanch and active Republican. C. Crandall, proprietor of the Crandall House and transfer lines at Galesburg, is a son of George and Margaret (Carpenter) Crandall, natives respectively of New York _ and Rhode Island, and of English descent. Out subject was born July 26, r840, in Nor- way, Herkimer Co., N. Y. He attended the common schools while a boy, and learned the molder's trade before he was 20 years of age. The family came to this State in 1844, settling first in KnoxCounty, and moved thence to Warren, where the senior Mr. Crandall died in 1868. The subject of this sketch began business for himself as a farmer in Warren County, whence he removed to Knox County. In 1884, he engaged in his present business, and a year later sold the farm upon which he spent several years near Knoxville. While engaged at farming he carried on, at various times, the milk-dairy business, and run omnibuses and peddling wagons. Our sub- ject was married at Galesburg, March 9, 1865, to Mrs. Sarah Holmes, lue Keffer, a native of Fayette County, Pa., and widow of John K. Holmes, who died in the Union Army, leaving her with two sons — Albert, now a farmer, and Hampden, an engineer, Mr. and Mrs. Crandall have had two children born to them, both daughters — Eliza S. P. and -H- LIBRARY OF THE LniVERSITY OF ILLINOJ 4 KNOX COUNTY. 77' Mattie L. T., both of whom are graduates of Knox College. In his business Mr. Crandall is deservedly a recognized leader. Night or day, rain or shine, cold or hot, he is one man who may be depended upon. This reputation has made him popular, and in whatever business he has been engaged this is the kind of character he has made. Sober, honest, court- eous and obliging, we take pleasure in writing J. C. Crandall's name among the reprssentative men of Knox County. homas MeMaster. It requires very little comment or special notice to point out that the above-named gentleman is one of the most successful farmers of Walnut Grove Township, owning 465 acres in this and Copley Townships. He has a delightful residence on section 34, with all the necessary modern building improvements. He is a native of Ayrshire, Scotland, ti where he was born April 14, 1843. He was only eight years old when, with his father's family, he entered the United States. He is the youngest mem- , ber of his family, and noted for his great industry and thoroughness of purpose. The subject of this sketch received a good common -school education, and, though beginning life as a hard-working boy, made such progress that even in his early years he was enabled to save money and purchase land. Soon after he came of age, he began to purchase property, and, joining his brother James, they together bouglit 800 acres. This they rapidly improved, plowing to- gether, to the amount of 360 acres, continuing in the partnership up to 1878, when they dissolved. Sub- sequently the gentleman whose name graces this history commenced the purchase of land on his own account. In his neighborliood he is considered one of the most successful growers of Poland-China swine and Short-horn cattle. He was married on the 19th of March, [878, at Galesburg, III., to Miss Sarah E. Hawk, who was born in Ohio, Aug. 4, 1852. This lady was a de- scendant of Jacob and Lavina Garland, who were themselves natives of Ohio and Virginia respectively. These parents were of German extraction. Mrs MeMaster was the oldest of four children and the only one born in Ohio. She first came to Illinois with her parents when an infant only one year old, her father settling in Copley Township. Her father died in this place in October, 1859. Her mother is still living, having married the second time. She, with Mr. David Simpson, her husband, now resides in Walnut Grove Township. By the happy union of Mr. and Mrs. MeMaster there are three children — Ida, born Aug. 26, 1879; George R., Dec. 19, 1883, but now deceased, and an infant also deceased. Mrs. MeMaster is a regular and prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and well deserving of the high esteem in which she is held by that body. Politically, Mr. Mc- . Master is a firm Republican, advocating the princi pies of the party without fear, and is highly esteemed by those holding similar convictions. ichael O'Shea, whose portrait appears on the opposite page, was born in the county of Limerick, Ireland, in the year 1828. His father was Timothy O'Shea, who mar- ried Miss Honora Fitzgerald. The name of his grandfather was Thomas O'Shea. Our sub- ject emigrated to this country in the year 1850, and located in Albany, N. Y., where he remained for five years. He came West in November, 1855, and lo- cated on a farm near Galesburg, where he remained for about five years. At the end of that time he ac- cepted a position on the C, B. & Q. R. R., where he has been continuously for a period of more than a quarter of a century, and is now one of the old landmarks of the "Q." In his long service he has made many friends, and in the city he is well known as one of its representative men. Mr. O'Shea was married in Albany, N. Y., July 2, 1853, to Miss Ellen Nash, who was also born in the county of Limerick, Ireland, in 1828. She came to this country with her parents in 1850; they were John and Mary (Hourigan) Nash. Her grandfather was John Nash, who married Mary Hogan. On the maternal side her grandfather's name was Conor Hourigan, who married Eleanor Fitzgerald. The union of Mr. and Mrs. O'Shea has been blest by a family of seven boys and two girls, viz. : John L., =*= ^ 4; 772 KNOX COUNTY. who is a passenger conductor on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad; William, yardmaster for the C, B. & Q. R. R. at Galesburg. The third son, Ed. F. O'Shea, who is Grand Secretary and Treasurer of the Brotherhood of Railroad Brakemen, was born near Galesburg, 111., Sept. 12, i860. He attended the public schools until his i6th year, and then took a thorough course in the Western Business College in that city, where he graduated June 8, 1877. He immediately entered the service of the C., B. & Q. R. R., in the shops at Galesburg, where he remained one year. Tiring of this, he commenced active serv- ice in the train department, where he served as brakeman, yard-clerk and yard-foieman, until Octo- ber, 1882, when he entered the service of the M. & St. L. Ry., at Minneapolis, Minn., as yard-foreman, where lie remained one year. Returning to the C, B. & Q. R. R., he served as brakeman until Jan. i, 1885, when he was called to Chicago to take charge of the affairs of this great brotherhood. Mr. Ed. O'Shea was a charter member of " C. E. Judge " Lodge, No. 24, of the brotherhood, which was organized at Galesburg, Aug. 11, 1884, and was their delegate to the first convention of the order held at Oneonta, N. Y., in October of that year. It was here that he became prominently identified with the brotherhood, and was elected Secretary of the Executive Committee. When he assumed charge of the affairs of this brotherhood, he found the organ- ization deeply in debt, owing to the dishonesty of his predecessor in office, and its affairs in very bad shape generally. By close attention and hard work he has brought order out of chaos and set the brotherhood on a solid financial basis. Since his appointment the order up the present lime, June 24, 1886, has paid over $100,000 to the families of dead and disabled members, and is rapidly increasing in favor and membership. At the second convention of the brotherhood, held at Bur- lington, Iowa, in October, 1885, Mr. O'Shea was unanimously re-elected to his present position to serve for three years, and as a testimonial of his serv- ices the Grand Lodge was moved from Chicago to his home at Galesburg. The fourth son, Thomas, is employed by the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. at Chicago, as locomotive engineer. The fifth son, Michael, Jr., is employed as locomotive fireman at the same place. Joseph and Henry are employed by the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. at Galesburg. Ella resides at home, and Mary died in infancy. The entire family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. The men vote the Democratic ticket, but take no active part in politics. i^^i: J. Wilber, of Victoria Township, is one of ^^^ the leading agriculturists of Knox County, ^ipj^P ' w'^61'2 his farm is located on section 11. i\^ He is the son of Briggs and Rachel (Jones) Wilber, and was born in Otsego County, N. Y., April 15, 1829. His parents were natives of New York and had a family of 13 children, six of whom are deceased. Those living are Sallie A., who became Mrs. Sornborger; Eliza, now Mrs. Fair- childs ; Ferris, third child; Susan, now Mrs. Hoag ; Rachel, who married a Mr. Snyder; Robinson J., the subject of this sketch, and Deborah A., at present Mrs. Spencer. The father of our subject followed the calling of a farmer until his demise, in 1831. His widow came West with her daughter, Mrs. Spencer, and located at Victoria, where her death occurred Dec. 6, 1873. R. J. Wilber, of whom we write, remained at home until 21 years of age, in the meantime assisting in the farm duties and attending school. In 1852 he came to Illinois, making settlement in Victoria Township, where he engaged with Alexander Sornborger in the stock business. He crossed the plains to California in 1853, and on October 9 of that year arrived at a place called Hangtown ; from there he went to Coloma, and thence to a place bearing the name of Dry Diggings, where for three years he was engaged in gold mining. In 1857 he returned to Victoria Township, where he engaged in breaking prairie the first year, and in the year following worked out by the month. For three years, until 1S60, he rented land in Victoria Township, subsequently purchasing his present farm, which contains 80 acres, only half of which at that time was broken. He has improved his farm by erecting a comfortable residence and convenient and commodious barn. His place is well fenced and beautified by shade and ornamental trees. He has been extensively engaged in the raising of grain and stock, and is meeting with much success in his chosen vocation. Miss Almina Lyons, born *^ KNOX COUNTY. 773 in Black Rock, N. Y., April 21, 1842, and daughter of David and Jane (Sornborger) Lyons, was the hidy chosen by R. J. VVilber to be his companion through life. The marriage ceremony was celebrated Sept. 29, 1859. The parents of Mrs. Wilber came to Illi- nois in 1844, and located on section 7, Victoria Township, at which place the father died two years later. His widow followed him to the land of the hereafter in 1852. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Lyons numbered ten children, five of whom are de- ceased. Those living are Catherine, who became Mrs. Sansbury ; David, Edward, Charles and Almina, wife of our subject. Our subject and wife have become the parents of four children, concerning whom we give the follow- ing: Willis became the husband of Sarah Lafferty, and to them have been born three children — -Arthur, Charles and Belle. The ne.xt in order of birth are Olive, Ferris J. and Earl. Mr. Wilber affiliates with the Greenback party. He has held the offices of Road Commissioner, School Director and Pathmaster, and is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. We have in the life of this gentleman an excellent illustration of how many of the wealthy and influen- tial men of Kno.x County began their business careers. • Coming here without means, and sur- rounded by obstacles that would discourage the young men of to-day, we find Mr. Wilber has not only accumulated a good property and wielded an in- fluence for the welfare and good of the community, but has won and retained the respect of all who know hin? . ^arshall Bruner, Marshal of the city of Galesburg, is the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Bearers) Bruner, natives of the State of Pennsylvania and of German descent, was born in Morris Co., N. J., May 15, 1842. He was educated at the common schools and in early life learned the carpenter's trade. In June, 1862, he enrolled in his native county as a private soldier in Co. H, 15th N. J. Vol. Inf., and served three years with the Army of the Potomac. During the entire term of his service he was never absent from duty. He participated with his regiment in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, through all of which, together with many other minor engagements not dignified in history with the name of battles, he passed without injury. He had been in the service about one year when he was promoted for bravery to the rank of Sergeant. At the close of the war our subject returned to New Jersey, whence he came, in the spring of 1866, to Chicago, where he was employed as traveling salesman by the Fairbank Scale Co., for 19 consecu- tive years, making his headquarters, since 1868, at Galesburg. Since the beginning of 1885 he has held by appointment the office of City Marshal. Our subject was married in Fulton Co., 111., on New Year's Day, 1869, to Miss Melissa Todd, and they have become the parents of two children, both daughters. Mr. Bruner is a Mason and a prominent member of the G. A. R. ^ dwin A. Cooley, of Galesburg Township, "^ resides on section 3, where he is engaged in operating a well-cultivated farm. He was born in Sunderland, Franklin Co., Mass., Feb. 2, 1831. This gentleman's father, Charles Cooley, was a native of the same place, where he was born on the ist of September, 1790. He was a prominent farmer in his vicinity and filled the office of Supervisor for many years, besides being Justice of the Peace for a long period. Other minor offices were filled by him with credit, and he was universally acknowledged to be a man of considerable tact and judgment. His demise took place on the loth of November, 1870. On the i6th of February, 1815, he married a most estimable lady. Miss Mary Stowell, born in Petersham, Mass., Dec. 17, 1795. Before her demise, in 1844, she was the mother of 11 chil- dren — Eliza A., born Nov. 18, 1815; Simon F., Oct. 28, 1817 ; Charles A., Aug. 3, 1819; De.xterS., Sept. 19, 1821 ; P. Maria, Nov. 24, 1823; Avery W., Nov. I, 1825; Fanny, Oct. 29, 1827; an infant daughter, May i8, 1829, who died early; Edwin A., Feb. 2, 1831 ; Clara C, Jan. 17, 1833, and George, Nov. 6, 1839. Of these only four children are now living — George, Edwin, Clara and Eliza. Edwin A. Cooley married Nellie Davis, Aug. 30, •H-^ t ^ -^^^^^ 774 KNOX COUNTY. 1857, in Madison, Wis. She was a native of Rock- ingham, Vt., where she was born Jane 20, 1834. They have one child living — Louise, who was born Dec. II, 1878; George L., bom March i, 1876, died on July 18, 1879. The parents of Mrs Cooley were John and Susan (Billings) Davis. Mr. Davis was bom Aug. 30, 1797, in Vermont, and died at Galli- polis, Ohio, June 19, 1861. May 2, 1823, he mar- ried his wife Susan, whose death took place on July 30, 1879, at Galesburg, 111. They had seven children, vir.: Harriet, who died in infancy ; Louise, born July 13, 1826 ; Susan, Nov. 18, 1827 ; Nathaniel, Oct. 14, 1830; Sarah, Sept. 26, 1832; Nellie, June 20, 1834, and Flora, March 22, 1838. Of these chil- dren five survive. Mr. Cooley of this sketch, together with his wife, is an old and accomplished teacher. She first gave instruction in Vermont, then in Massachusetts and Ohio. Altogether she has had twenty years' professional experience. Mr. Cooley has taught in Massachusetts, Ohio and Iowa, and during one year was engaged in the State of Georgia. He has taught about the same time as his wife- Having graduated at .f^mherst College in 1854, he at first proceeded to Ohio and taught one year in the Academy, then studied at Yale for another year in the scientific department. This gentleman and his wife are both Sunday-School workers in the Con- gregational Church, in which they are prominent members. In politics he is a consistent and promi- nent Republican and takes a deep interest in all leading questions of the hour. For two years he was connected with the Geological Surveys of Iowa. During his Georgia experience he was Superintendent of Schools at Savannah, an office which he filled with becoming merit. His home in Galesburg is among the prettiest in the township, and situated on 80 acres of good land. It is of some moment to note here that Benjamin Cooley, the first of the name in this country, came very early and settled in Springfield, Mass. He was an Ensign in the army, and was the father of eight children. He died Aug. 23, 1684. Daniel was his fourth child, and married Elizabeth Wolcott, daugh- ter of Hon. Henry \Volcott,ofConnecticut, on the 8th of December, 1 680. There were five children by this union, and Simon, one of the issue, moved later as one of the first colony who settled Sunderland, Mass., in 17 17, and was the father of eleven children. Ab- ner, his second child, was born Jan. 23, 17 12, and was the father of seven children. The grandfather, Simon Cooley, next in the line of descent, commis- sioned by Gov. Hancock as Lieutenant in the Revo- lutionary Army, had five children born to his mar- riage ; he died Feb. 9, 1797. Charles, the father, was the fourth child of Simon, and the father of eleven children. George, the eleventh, the brother of Edwin Cooley, served three years in the Civil War, in the .■Vrmy of the Potomac, and now occupies the same old farm that five generations of the Cooley family have dwelt on. fjCosiah Multer, real estate agent and capi- talist, owns a fine and commodious resi- dence on Wall street, one of the principal thoroughfares of Altona, which is considered one of the handsomest and most attractive hornes in that town. He occupies the position . of Police Magistrate, and is an active worker in all I public affairs. His birthplace is Worcester, Otsego J Co., N. Y., where he first saw the light April 22,^ 1825. His father, Joseph Multer, of pure German ancestrj', was born in Schoharie County, N. Y., where he was reared and educated and grew to man- , hood. His father, Josiah's grandfather, a native German, whose name was Philip, accompanied by his wife, Catherine (Hart) Multer, left his fatherland and located in the United States, purposing to build up a new home, in the year 1786. At this period the name was spelled Moller. He was by profession a German physician of no mean skill and ability, hold- ing fair rank in his own country. He was, as well, keeper in the king's hunting park. Soon after enter- ing Schoharie County, he caused to be erected the first glass-manufactory in the United States. This was situated near the city of Albany. He contin- ued his medical practice in the United States up to the time of his death, which occurred in the begin- ning of the eighteenth centurj-, resulting from epi- demic fever, which was then prevalent in Otsego, N. Y. Like the noted Pasteur, he entertained a firm belief that he had discovered a sure antidote for hydropho- bia, but he never disclosed his knowledge, so that his discovery, if indeed valuable, was a " talent hidden in a napkin." His life companion, the grand- *% V f4-*- JU KNOX COUNTY. 775 mother of Josiah, is l)uried at South Worcester, N. Y. The results of this marriage, three sons and four daughters, are as follows: Christian J., Joseph (Josiah's father), John, Betsey, Susan, Mary and Margaret. Of the entire family circle but one sur- vives — John, who has attained the age of 87 years, and who resides at Painesville, Ohio. Margaret, who recently departed this life, was 80 years of age. Joseph Multer, the father of our subject, united in the bonds of holy matrimony with Susan Becker, a young lady of German parentage, like his own. Her family history contains many points of interest, dat- ing far back in the annals of German history. Im- mediately after their union her husband engaged in farming. Success crowned his active efforts, and he became one of the wealthiest and most influential farmers of Otsego County. Many valuable improve- ments were made and eventually a most desirable home was established. They occupied the Multer homestead, at which place he died. Several years later the mother followed him to her long home; the date of her death was 187 i. Both lived to a grand old age. Their family was large, comprising 13 chil- dren, seven sons and six daughters. Three of the former were buried in Otsego County. Josiah, the fourth in order of birth, attended school and re- mained in the family, a dutiful and helpful son, up to the date of his marriage with Anna M. Titus, daughter of a farmer, at Harpersville, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1868. His wife's birthplace was Delaware Coun- ty, and the date of her birth Sept. 8, 1846. She was the daughter of Isaac B. and Jediah B. (Tiffany) Titus, both of English origin, who first settled in Delaware County during the last century, and who owned hundreds of acres of land, much of which has since fallen into the hands of railroad companies. Mrs. Multer's father lived and eventually died in the county and township in which he began his married life, Aug. 26, 1872. His wife survives him and lives with her daughter. Mrs. Multer received liberal educational advantages, and was a graduate of the New York Conference Seminary. She entered the ranks as teacher and successfully taught three years in the public schools of Stark and Tuscarawas Coun- ties, Ohio. Soon after marriage she and her hus- band removed to Altona, where they have lived up to the present writing. Mr. Multer entered Kno.\ County in February, 1856, and bought and marked out the boundaries of his first farm, in Galesburg I Township, consisting of r77 acres, 17 of which were timber land. Here he began active labor, which he continued for five years ; from here he went to Walnut Grove Township and purchased 240 acres. He sold this farm and purchased 170 acres in the same town- ship and 80 in Copley Township. All his landed possessions are finely improved and highly cultivated. He rents his farms, turning his personal attention to real estate sales, money loans, etc. He carries on a co-operative business as dealer in bank stock at Creston, Iowa. He was unanimously elected to his present office, which he has acceptably filled to the entire and marked satisfaction of his constituents. He is popular, genial and well liked, personally and as a business man. He is Republican in politics, and both he and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Church, he being Class Leader, President of the Board of Trustees and Steward in that body. ~vWAta££/©>i@' ^^^J/ZIOT»>* -v/w<. eorge M. Collinson, a prominent and suc- cessful farmer and breeder of Poland- China swine and Short-horn cattle, residing on section 30, Lynn Township, is the fifth in order of birth of a family of ten children, , equally divided as to gender. Mr. Collinson was but six years of age when his father, Thomas Collinson— of whom a biographical sketch is given in this work, in connection with that of Charles Collinson — came to this county. The parents located in Lynn Township, and it was there that our subject spent his early days on his father's farm. His education was acquired at the common schools, and he continued to reside with the old folks until his marriage, which event took place on the farm on which he is at present residing, March 22, 1868, at which time Miss Mary, daughter of C. W. and Eliza (Thompson) Murray, became his wife. Her parents were natives of Ohio, were married in Belmont County, and came to this State in the fall of 1851, and located near Abingdon, where her father was engaged in farming for some time. Later he moved to Lynn Township, and was there occu- pied in his vocation until after the breaking out of the late war, when he enlisted in Co. G, 89th 111. Vol. Inf, and was assigned with his regiment to the Army of the Cumberland. In the beginning of the battle A ^ -*?-* 776 KNOX COUNTY. a* of Stone River Mr. Murray was shot through the neck and instantly expired. This was his first engage- ment and just at the beginning of the action. His widow, mother of Mr. CoUinson, afterward married F. L. Rice, and they now reside on a farm in Walnut Grove Township. It was while the parents were liv- ing near Abingdon that Mrs. Collinson was bom, the date being March 14, 1852. She received her edu- cation in this county, and continued to reside with her mother until her marriage. Mrs. Collinson is a very intelligent and accomplished lady, affable and winning in her social life. She has borne her husband four children— Nettie B., born Oct. 20,1869; Myr- tle M., July 4, 187 I ; Isabella, Oct. 16, 1874; Nellie E.,July 18, 1879. Since his marriage Mr. Collinson has made his home on the farm on which he is at present residing. His place consists of 200 acres of good farm land, on which he lives, actively and energetically engaged in the prosecution of his vocation, surrounded by a happy family and all that goes to make up a happy life. In addition to the cultivation of the cereals he is devoting considerable of his time to stock-raising. He is at present Justice of the Peace, and has held the office of Assessor and others of minor import. In politics he is a strong supporter of the Democratic party, and never fails to cast his vote for the same when opportunity affords. PS. Mary A. Coleman, widow of Samuel Coleman, Jr., is residing on section 13, Victoria Township. Samuel Coleman '^^^ was born April 29, 1832. His demise oc- curred June 2, 1884. His parents were Samuel and Sarah (Alvin) Coleman, natives of Penn- sylvania, and came to Illinois in 1855, locating in Victoria Township. On section 13, in that town- ship, the father purchased 160 acres and there lived until his demise, in 1875. His wife still survives and resides on the old farm. Samuel Coleman, Jr., resided at home until 33 years of age, and was married in July, 1865, to Mrs. Mary A. Nelson, the daughter of John and Mary A. (Jobe) Thomson, natives of Ireland. Her parents moved to Ohio at an early day, locating in Belmont County, where their demise occurred. Mrs. Samuel Coleman, Jr., the subject of our notice, has a family of four children living, namely : George W., Charles, Emma, Sarah B. and May. The husband of Mrs. Coleman was a Republican in politics, and both he and his wife belonged to the Congregational Church. He held the office of School Director and also that of Road master, and was lib- eral and always ready to assist in any good cause. His farm consists of 160 acres, and during life he was engagad in mixed farming. Since his death his widow retains and manages his farm. He was considered one of the representative citizens of Victoria Township. ■ F'( i\?i L- Overstreet, retired farmer, resident ■ \d 'S-y at Galesburg, was born at Nicholasville, &jl?^^''"* Jessamine Co., Ky., Jan. 16, 1819. His ^IgV v^ parents, Robert D. and Jane (Lowrey) X Overstreet, traced their ancestry back to En- I gland and the Scotch-Irish, they themselves being born in old Virginia and Kentucky respect- ively. Mr. O. was the second of six sons and had four sisters, all of whom grew to attain the age of man and womanhood on a farm. From Nicholasville the family removed to Mercer County, Ky., where the senior Mr. Overstreet afterward died. The subject of our sketch came to Knox County in 1841, and here he has since lived and accumu- lated sufficient of this world's goods to enable him to retire handsomely to private life and spend his old age in the enjoyment of the fruits of correct liv- ing. He owns two large farms in the immediate vicinity of the city; is an extensive stockholder in some of the great banks of the place ; is President of the Knox County Agricultural Society, and a mem- ber of the Galesburg City Council. These facts are not written by the author in parade of the abstract qualities, but presented to illustrate the possibilities of a man, be he ever so poor at the outset, if he makes proper use of the means, however small, which the Maker has placed in his hands. Mr. Overstreet was married near Harrodsburg, Ky., Oct. 17, 1838, to Miss Catlierine Martin, a na- tive of the State of Connecticut. She was a daugh- ter of Joel and Phoebe (Moore) Martin, her parents being natives of Connecticut. She was one of a I *4^ ^ •64^ KNOX COUNTY. 777 family of niae children, all of whom died young ex- cept herself and Mary, who became the wife of David E. Day ; Mr. Day is now deceased. The children of Mr. and Mr.s. Overstreet are: Mitchell, a farmer, residing in Henry County, was in the 33d 111. Vol. Inf. during the Rebellion; Robert, a farmer in Nebraska; L. Henrietta; Maggie I. ; H. Smith, a farmer in Nebraska; Joel M., a farmer, also a resident of Nebraska; W. Dudley, farmer in Nebraska ; and John L., farmer in Knox County. Mrs. Overstreet is a member of the Congregational Church and has brought her children up to an ob- servance of that faith. In his political views Mr. Overstreet votes the Republican ticket. The father of Mr. O. was in the War of 181 2. -^^-%^ C apt. Francis Fuller. The subject of this biograpliy is President of the First National !:'>£/'"*" Bank of Galesburg, and is the son of e;>f Frederick A. and Rachel (Gordon) Fuller, ^'.' both natives of the State of Connecticut, and \ of English and Scotch descent respectively. Capt. Fuller was born at Rutland, Vt., May 20, 1815. The senior Mr. Fuller was a merchant at Rutland for 25 years. His four sons and one daugh- ter were born, reared and educated there. Francis was the third child in order of birth. His eldest brother was lost in 1847 on the steam packet " Home," en route from New York to Charleston. The " Home " was the first Atlantic steamer to which this calamity happened. The subject of our sketch received an academic education at Rutland, and at the age of 20 embarked in mercantile business at Richmond, Vt. At the end of the second year he was married, closed out his business, came West and at Grayville, 111., for two years followed the vocation of merchant. From that place he moved to Mt. Carmel, this State, where he edited the Mt. Carmel Register, a weekly Whig paper, in which position he continued for five years. In 1848 he again embarked in the mercantile bus- iness, this time at Newton, where he remained for nine years. When the war broke out the dauntless spirit of enthusiasm stirred his blood, and with his countless fellow-soldiers he arrayed himself under the banner of the United States and entered the service in de- ««-; fense of his country. On the 6th of August, 1861, Gov. Yates appointed him Quartermaster of the 38th 111. Vol. Inf. In the spring of 1862 he was placed upon Gen. Steele's staff. In the fall of the year 1863 Capt. Fuller was made Disbursing Quarter- master of Sherman's corps, the 15th, which position he filled until ill heal'h compelled him to resign, on July 26, 1864. He left his command at Renesaw Mountain. During all his experience as Quarter- master the records show that Capt. Fuller never lost a wagon. His final settlement with the Government was not reached until Nov. 18, 1873, when it was found that he owed Uncle Sam S29.36, while Uncle Sam in return was indebted to him between S700 and S800. In 1864 he bought a home and settled at Gales- burg, and in August of the following year was made President of the First National Bank of thai city. The policy of this great financial institution, under the management of Capt. Fuller, needs no comment j in this connection. The fact that he is by no means 1 | one of the largest stockholders of the concern attests that his continuation as its head is in response to the wishes of those most interested in the welfare of "^ the bank. j | In December, 1838, Mr. Fuller was united in \ '■ marriage, at Richmond, Vt., with Miss Adelia A. J Rhodes, of that place, and their only son, Francis : W., is now a successful ranchman in Nebraska, where I he went a few years since on account of declining health. He married Miss Jennie Hall at Burlington, i Vt., and they have one child, named Frank H. Fuller. IfMi? eorge Whitney Robinson, Depot Master ■^kMai °f t^^ Galesburg Depot of the C, B. & Q. •%w^ ^ R. R., was born in Glastonbury, Conn., ; ^""A^ Nov. 29, r824. His parents were Samuel and T Thankful (Adams) Robinson, natives of Mas- f sachusetts. Shortly after our subject's birth, ' they removed to their native State, Massachusetts, and remained about three years, and then moved to ; the State of Maine and settled at Monson, where the father died in r845. Our subject was at liis trade (merchant tailoring) in Bangor, Me. He afterward spent some years at the same business at Rockland, Me., but in 1854 he came West and located at Bur- 1 lington, Iowa, whither an uncle (R. S. Adams, t - 778 KNOX COUNTY. wholesale dealer in boots, shoes and leather) had located in 1839, and where he engaged in the mer-. chant tailoring business. This he subsequently abandoned to take up the railway business, the roads just having been constructed in this part of the country. He assisted in taking across the Missis- sippi River the first cars of the B. & M. R. R. In 1857 he located at Galesburg, III., where he en- gaged in the real estate business until 1866, after which he carried on the hotel business, which he conducted for five years, when he left Galesburg for Beardstown and carried on the railroad hotel and eating-house for one year and returned to Gales- burg and engaged in real estate and other interests until 1880, when he accepted a position with the C, B. & Q. Railroad as shipping and transfer clerk. He remained in this position until the opening of the new depot, when he became installed its worthy Master, in which posirion we find him a respected official and genial gentleman. Mr. Robinson was married in Newport, Me., to Esther E. Benner, who has most graciously shared with him the trials and triumphs of his long life in this Western country. The issue of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Robinson has been four children, all of whom were laid to rest in their youth. Mr. Robin- son is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, and has held his connecrion with that insutution for many years. ev. Charles A. Baekman, pastor in charge of the First Swedish Lutheran Church, Galesburg, is the son of John and Char- lotte (Hammarback) Baekman. May 28, 1853, and Dalarne, Sweden, are the date and place of his birth. He came with his parents to America in 1S68. He is a graduate of Augustana (Rock Island) College, in the Class of 188 1, and from the Theological Seminar)- of the same place in the Class of 1883. He has been preaching since his first school year, and was ordained regularly at Red Wing, Minn., June 17, 1883. His first charge was at Ishpeming, Mich., where he remained two. years, coming thence to Galesburg in 1885. The church over which he here presides has a congregation of nearly 1,000 communicant members, and he preaches in both the English and Swedish languages. Mr. Baekman was married at Swedona, Mercer Co., 111., Oct. 25, 1883, to Miss Helena Hoogner, born in this country, and their little daughter bears the name of Lillie An- gelica. lli ev. Lucius E. Barnard, A. M., Local El- *i& ^^ !. der m the Methodist Episcopal Church, re- wf(^^°" siding at No. 28 Cherry street, Galesburg, M*W '^ '■^^ ^°" °'^ Rufus and Jemima (Kellogg) V Barnard, natives respectively of Massachu- I setts and Vermont and of English descent. He was born at Waitsfield, Washington Co., Vt., June 14, 1828. The senior Mr. Barnard was a farmer; he died in 1874, upon the place where he had spent So years of his Ufe. His wife preceded him to the grave nearly two years. He was aged 83 years and his wife 82^. The parental family con- tained five sons and five daughters, the subject of this sketch being ne.\t to the youngest of the family. Our subject graduated from the University of Ver- mont, at Burlington, in 1853. Having studied with a view to the ministry, he received further instruc- tions in that direction after graduating from college. His parents were members of the Congregational Church, and brought their children up in that faith. It was from that church that our subject took letters when he entered Auburn (N. Y.) Theological Semi- nar)'. He was licensed to preach by the Montpelier Association in 1857, and the following year grad- uated from the Auburn Theological Seminar)', hav- ing in the meantime changed his denominational re- lation to that of the Presbyterian Church. In 1859, at Amboy, N. Y., the church of his adoption ordained him, and he preached at that place for one year. In i860 he came to Galesburg and again changed his relationship, returning to the faith of his parents after taking charge of the Old First Church (Con- gregational), and preached there about si.v months. The last change was brought about by what many considered was the Blanchard fanaticism prevailing here at that period, and for a time, they believed, threatened to disrupt the social and religious fabric of the city. The Old First Church was at that date so completely under the ban of rank and unreasona- ble intolerance that a Presbyterian was not allowed to speak under its roof, and they felt that, had not a >^ LA.!= ^^ KNOX COUNTY. 779 wiser and better element corae rapidly to the rescue, the man who for a time carried things high-handedly as the President of Knox College would have made of Galesburg a fit habitation only for the witch- burners of 200 years ago. From the " Old First " the Rev. Mr. Barnard was called, and preached a year and a half in Waukegan, and the following year at Georgia, Vt., going thence out in the world on his own responsibility to God, as it were, preaching the Gospel of Christ whitherso- ever he went, in manner and form as beseemed him best, and asking naught of any denomination or as- sociation as to his authority, but taught Christ and Him crucified, as he learned the simple slory from the written Gospel, having been, through the aid of false testimony, by the Congregational Association retired from their ministry. In Geddes, N. Y., in 1870, at the urgent request of many members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he united with that denomination, and subsequently preached for some years in New York State. In 1874 Mr. Barnard returned to Galesburg, where he has since been a recognized Local Elder of his church. May 14, 186 1, he was married, at Detroit, Mich., to Miss Emma L. Barnard, and by her had born to him two children — Charles Kellogg, born at Waukegan, 111., March 14, 1862, died at Galesburg, Feb. II, 1880, and a daughter, Fannie H. Rev. Mr. Barnard is prominent in the Order of Good Tem- plars, Chaplain of the Red Ribbon Reform Club, and honorary member of his old college society, the Delta Psi, a literary and social fraternity of the University of Vermont. H. McOmber, representative contractor and builder, residing in the city of Galesburg, came here first in 1857 from Palmyra, N. Y. His birthplace was New York State, where he was born Aug. 5, 1833, and there learned his trade under his father, Isaac McOmber. His mother was Anna Howland before marriage, and both families trace their ancestry to Scotland. After coming to Galesburg Mr. McOmber engaged in contracting and building, and followed it steadily for II years. He then, in company with Mr. Brad- bury, leased the Colton Manufacturing Co., and op- erated it about 1 3 years. The last three years that Mr. McOmber was connected with the Manufacturing Company, he also carried on contracting and build- ing, which, in fact, has been his principal business since having abandoned the planing-mill, etc. in 1884. Our subject received his education in the common and high schools and taugh^ a term or two in Coldbrook Township, Warren County. Mr. McOniDer was married in Wayne County, N. Y., Jan. 1,1856, to Miss Marietta Whipple. They have had one child of their own and have reared an adopted daughter. The family is identified with the First Baptist Church. Mr. McOmber is no politi- cian and affiliates with no secret order. What he has of this world's goods he has worked for, and we find him jwssessed of a fair competency. iSniel Henshaw. a retired citizen of Gales- burg and one of the pioneer hotel-keepers of this place, was born Feb. 9, 181 2, at Auburn, Worcester Co., Mass. His father, Joseph Henshaw, was also a native of Massa- chusetts and was a son of William Henshaw, who| \ served, gaining merited distinction, through the Rev- olutionary War, and his commission as Adjutant- General, issued "by the Congress of the Colony of. Massachusetts Bay," signed " James Warren, Presi- dent, " and " Samuel Freeman, Secretary," is yet in the family, being in the hands of Miss H. E. Henshaw, of Leicester, Mass. The mother of the subject of this sketch was, be- fore her marriage, Elizabeth Goulding, and her father was a Colonel during the great War for Independence. Joseph and Elizabeth Henshaw reared eight sons, Daniel being fifth in order of birth. The family lived upon a farm in Worcester County, where the two old people ended their days, Joseph dying in 1854 at the age of 85, his wife having preceded him to the prom- ised land by some six or seven years. .At the age of 14 years Daniel Henshaw left his father's farm and learned the trade of a scythe-maker, which he fol- lowed eight or ten years. When 24 years of age he moved into New York State and engaged in black- smithing, which he abandoned in 1849, and started a line of stages between Eaton and Utica (N. Y.) In 1856 he came to Galesburg and opened a hotel on West street, now No. 132 South West street. During the war Mr. H. turned his hand to farming lA^ <^ -t^ 780 KNOX COUNTY. and his wife conducted the hostelry. The hotel was finally converted into dwellings, in 187 i, and Mr. H. has been virtually retired from active business since that time. At Leicester, Mass., July 23, 1834, Mr. Henshaw and Miss Diantha Livermore were mar- ried, and of the six children born to them we make the following brief mention : Janetle, Elbridge G , Adelaide, Mary Josephine, Eugene F. and Elizabeth. Elbridge served through the late war in an Iowa reg- iment and was killed in August, 1867, in a railroad accident at Plum Creek in Nebraska ; .A.delaide is the wife of J. L. Short, of Chicago ; Mary Josephine, wife of J. B. Ingersol, died in 1877; after the late war she taught a freedmen's school in the South; Eugene F. is a journalibt, publisher of the Raihvay and Steamship Guide; Elizabeth is the wife of A. E. Mattison, of Chicago. ---^^^i^^^^^^^T^k^-'^ ,■%> I - ficob S Chambers, of Galesburg, is the son i|^^|- of Matthew and Hannah (Smith) Cham- fr l|^"^ bers, natives of New Hampshire and Ver- I '■'^ mont respectively, and of Scotch and Irish de- IC scent. He was born at Bridport, Vt., March \ 14, 1816. The grandfather of our subject, Capt. John Chambers, earned his title in the Colonial Army during the Revolution. Matthew Chambers, father of our subject, served in the War of 1812 as a militia volunteer. The family came to Knoxville in 1836, and the senior Mr. C. was here engaged in mercantile business until about 1840, when he re- moved to Galesburg. He retired from active life in 1845, and died in January, 1869, at the age of 83. His widow survived him until December, 1873, and died at the age of 80 years. He left a comforta- ble fortune, which had been acquired by his own en- ergy. Jacob S. Chambers, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the common schools of Vermont. He clerked many years for his father, and when 22 years of age engaged in business for himself, at the town of Cleveland, Henry Co., 111. From there, at the end of two years, he removed to Lyndon, White- side County; thence to Aliona, Knox County, in 1853, and finally to Galesburg in 1874, since which time he has been fully retired from business. Politic- ally he is a firm adherent of the Republican party, though not of an office-seeking kind ; is a Master Ma- son and a consistent member of the Congregational Church. While a resident of Altona he served the people for some years as Supervisor, an office he has filled two or three times since coming to Galesburg. Mr. C. was married at Erie, Pa., in September, 1857, to Miss Amanda M. Parsons, a native of Ver- mont. To Mr. and Mrs. Chambers have been born four children, three of whom are living and graduates of Knox College, and named respectively William H., a merchant; Eliza (Mrs. A. J. Capron) and Ber- tha M. els S. YoungdahL In Walnut Grove Township, on section 17, Mr. Youngdahl has a most desirable farm of 160 acres, all in a splendid state of cultivation. In 1856, alone and without friends, he came to the Unit- ed States and settled in Nicollet Co., Minn. During his stay there he married, on the 28th of Oc- tober, 1858, Miss Betsey Johnson, a native of Swe- den, where she was born Feb. 15, 1838. Her parents lived in Sweden, where they died some time after the arrival of their daughter in the United States, which was in 1857. She settled in Nicollet County and was mar.ried the following year. She was the young- est of a family of three daughters. She and one other sister, Anna, are the only members of the family in the United States. Her eldest sister, Ellen, is married and resides in her native country. By the union of Mr. and Mrs. Youngdahl six chil- dren have been born — Christine, George E., Nels T., Anna. S., Carl L. and Anthony C. In 1863 the subject of this history with his family came to Prince- ton, Bureau Co., 111., and while there purchased a farm in Fairfield Township, consisting of 360 acres. All this land is well improved. In 1881 he made his purchase as referred to and settled here in Walnut Grove Township. Of this home he is very proud, as in all justice he may be. He has raised some high grades of stock and is altogether a well-to-do and prominent farmer. He was born in Sweden, Sept. 17, r832. His father, Saure Nelson, was a farmer and lived and died in the old country. His mother, Kate Nelson, also died in Sweden. Her family con- sisted of eight children, the subject of this sketch 4 KNOX COUNTY. 781 being the oldest living and the oldest but two of the family. Up to the date of his enlistment in the regular army he had attained his 21st year and sub- sequently served three years, the required time. During his stay in Minnesota Mr. Y. was created Sergeant of the Home Guards, a body raised to sup- press the Indian troubles. These caused consider- able bloodshed in 1862. The trouble arose through the Government officers interfering with the privi- leges of the natives. Mr. and Mrs. Youngdahl are members of the Swed- ish Lutheran Church, in which Mr. Y. has been Deacon for sixteen years and a consistent exponent of the views of that body. His son, George E., is also a minister in the church, and was educated at Rock Island. Mr. Nels S. Youngdahl is a good Republican and interested in all measures calculated to promote his country" 's good. Lwan H. Olson, grocer, of the firm of L. H. Olson & Bro., 447 East Berrien St., Gales- burg, was born in Sweden, Aug. 4, 1844, and with his parents came to America in 1854. Swan H. is the eldest of four sons and two daughters, and grew to manhood upon a farm in Knox County, alternating the seasons with labor and attendance at the common schools. Aug. 4, 1862, our subject enlisted, in Mercer Co., 111., as private in Co. A, lozd 111. Vol. Inf., and served three years, participating in all the service his regiment saw. The io2d was in the famous Atlanta campaign ; with Sherman to the sea, on to Richmond and in the grand review at Washington. Leaving the army, he returned to Galesburg and for the suc- ceeding five years clerked for F. O. Crocker in the grocery business. In partnership with a brother-in- law, he succeeded Mr. Crocker in the business, and later was in partnership with a Mr. Huffland, con- ducting the business for four years. Selling out to Mr. Huffiand in 1876, he proceeded to erect the building at the corner of Chambers and Berrien streets, in which he now does business. His brother, William A., took an interest in the business in 1882. Mr. Olson is a member of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. He was married in Galesburg, Oct. 20, 1872, to Miss Clara Burke, a native of Sweden, and his three children bear the names of Clarence, Gracie (who is deceased) and Irene. Our subject is an active and working member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically is a supporter of the principles advocated by the Republican party, and is justly considered one of the substantial men in Knox County. wtaec/®^*— frH K4— >*^^'^3'> ji'lbert J. Ostrander, of the firm of Brooks If & Ostrander, dealers in hides, pelts, wool, 1^'^^ etc., 42 and 44 Public Square, Galesburg, 5|l}p was born in Van Buren Co., Mich., March 6, 1846, and is the son of Harvey B. and Mary (Woodworth) Ostrander, natives of York State and of German and English descent respectively. Soon after his marriage, the elder Mr. Ostrander re- moved from York State to Michigan, from there to Missouri in 1855, and on 10 Iowa in 1862. From Iowa, the family removed to Illinois, where the father died in 1881. Albert J., of whom we write, was educated in Mem- phis. Mo., and West Point, Iowa, public schools. He began life for himself as cletk, alternating between hotel office and mercantile establisliments. After an experience as merchant at Memphis, Mo., he came 10 Galesburg, in 1877, and engaged in his present business, an idea of the extent of which may be gathered from the following, clipped from a recent IHiblication (January, 1886): 'Brooks & Ostrander have done an immense bus- iness in the wool, hide and tallow line the past year, and their enterprise has brought a stream of trade to the city. They have handled 400,000 pounds of hides; 420,000 pounds of tallow and grease; 50,000 (X)unds of skins and pelts; 75,000 pounds of wool, etc.; making a grand total of alxjut 1,050,000 |X)unds. The territory within which these purchases have been made includes all towns within seventy -five miles and the farming country for many miles hereabouts. All the wool was shipped to Kentucky, to be made into Kentucky jeans." Mr. Ostrander is a distinguished Odd Fellow, and Secretary of Alpha Lodge, A. F. & .\. M., Gales- *r V- ^t ^ 782 KNOX COUNTY. y^r¥ burg. He was married at Monmouth, 111., April 12, 1877, to Miss Susie V. Ulmer, and their children are named Eugene, Frederick and Ethel. •*JiSU2fS^^ 1^4— -/^^J^zrajwv. en. Myron S. Barnes, retired journalist, residing at Galesburg, is a native of Ma- "^ lone, Franklin Co., N. Y., and was bom March 4, 1824. His grandfather. Rev. Joshua Barne=;, was a distinguished Quaker minister of early times, and came from London to this country before the Revolutionary War, and located with a colony which settled in Vermont near the Con- necticut line, from where he removed to Western New York in 1828. He reared four sons — Simeon, Joshua, Stephen and William, and lived to the ex- Itraordinary age of 100 years. His youngest son, William, married Margaret Doty, of Vermont, and by her had four sons and five daughters, the subject of Whis sketch being the first-born. I William Barnes was educated for the law, but early I in life abandoned the profession and followed farm- ting in Western New York. He brought his family to Cook County, 111., in 1848, and died there at the age of 45 years. His widow yet survives him and makes her home in Minnesota, having attained the venera- ble age of 86 years. Myron S. Barnes was educated at the common schools and Attica Academy, and Alexander Semi- nary, N. Y. Almost with the beginning of his school days he formed the idea of becoming a newspaper man. In 1838 he went to Chicago and was a con- tributor to \ht Journal and Democrat ; the latter was then published by " Long John" Wentworth ; the Journal yiai published by "Dick " Wilson. In 1840 we find him at Lapeer, Mich., editing the Plain- dealer, a Democratic weekly, which he continued to run through the Van Buren and Harrison campaign, when, the Democratic party having been retired from power, young Barnes closed out his paper and re- turned to Chicago. There he lived the life of a Bohemian, contributing to several papers, among which were the Northwestern Educator, American Odd Fellow, Ladies' Repository, Alexander s Weekly, Toledo Blade and also frequently worked for the *V Journal and Democrat until the outbreak of the struggle with Mexico. June 17, 1846, he enrolled as a private soldier in Co. E, 2d 111. Vol. Inf., with which he served for 14 months, or duiing the war. His reg- iment was in Gen. Wool's command from the begin- ning, and at the close of the war that distinguished officer desired to use his influence for Mr. Barnes to secure a Second Lieutenancy in the regular army. Soon after returning to Chicago, Mr. Barnes formed a partnership in publishing the Southport American, a daily and weekly paper, which they published for about one year at what is now the town of Kenosha. His next venture in the newspa- per field was the establishment of the Rochester (N. Y.) Daily Times, and from which afterward sprang the present Daily Union. We next hear of our subject at Ithaca, N. Y., engaged in temperance work. He was one of the organizers of the Good Templars and became the second Grand Secretary of that Order for the State of New York. At Ithaca he established the Templar and Watchman, and ed- ited it for two years in the interest of temperance. In i8s6 he was sent as a delegate from the Ithaca dis- trict to the first National Republican Convention, "** which met at Philadelphia and nominated John C. Fremont for the Presidency. Before the end of [856 he was again in Chicago, and the firm of Barnes, Stewart & Payne launched the Chicago Daily Ledger, with which Mr. B. severed his con- nection at the end of the current year. From there he went to Rock Island as editor of the Register, where we find him at the outbreak of the Rebellion. In June, 1861, acting under orders from the Sec- retary of War, Mr. Barnes, in company with Julius White, of Chicago, raised a regiment of Sharpshoot- ers, known first as the Fremont Rifles, and later as the 37th 111. Vol. Inf. White went out as Colonel and Barnes as Lieutenant-Colonel. The record shows, however, that in about six months Barnes had been elevated to the colonelcy and continued in command of tlie regiment until leaving the service, June 20, 1863. Ai the battle of Chandler's Mills the Colonel received a severe shell wound in the side, which had only partially healed up at the battle of Pea Ridge, when his horse was shot from under him, throwing him heavily to the ground, re-opening the old wound and leaving him in a most critical con- dition and finally compelling him to leave the army, not, however, until, by an order of Gen. Schofield, he =i^^ Ji ^>- !^^H- KNOX COUNTY. 783 had been placed in command of Southwestern Mis- souri. Returning to Rock Island, he started the Daily Union, and ran it three years, when he went to Dubuque, Iowa, and bought the Daily Times, which he published and edited about five years. His ne.\t move was to Aurora, 111., where he established the Daily Herald and ran it until the fall of 187 i. He then came to Chicago and organized a company and started the Daily News, which he left at the end of Greeley's disastrous campaign. Pn 1872, Mr. Barnes went toGalesburg and purchased the Free Press and changed the name to the Galesburg Press, and was occupied in conducting that paper until he retired from work Feb. 17, 1883, on account of his wounds, since which time he has constantly been under medi- cal treatment. Gen. Barnes is at the present time independent in politics. He has always been found in the ranks, up- holding the party of his choice and dealing blows with voice or pen that admitted of no doubt as to whom or for what they were intended. He has stead- 1 ily remained a temperance man and worker, and in •^ the campaign of 1884 gave his entire time and sup- port to St. John. He is a 32d degree Mason, Prel- ate in the Comraandery, and also a member of the ^ I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and Good Templars. Gen. Barnes was married in Wayne County, N. V., July 5, 1851,10 Miss Charlotte A. Brush, and of their three children, Mary E. and Charlotte Alice are deceased, and William Bennet is editor of the Sand- wich (111.) Free Press. (^^ ouis P. ]jauren, of Galesburg, was born in the parish of Hastveda, Soutliern Sweden, May 1 1, 1842. He came to America in the summer of 1865, and settled in Galesburg, worked at his trade as painter, the first year, and as janitor of Knox College the last ten years. On the 3d day of August, 1866, he was mar- ried to Hanna Anderson, born in the parish of Hjer- sas, Southern Sweden, on the i6th day of February, 1847. They have been blest with seven children, of whom six are yet living, three sons and three daughters, namely: Joseph William, born April r2, 1868; Esther Albertina, Aug. 17, 1870; Carl Emil, Sept. 29, 1874; George Albert, Jan. 27, 1877, died in infancy; Newton Bateman, May 8, r878; Nellie Paulina, Aug. 3r, 1881; Annie Emelia, Oct. 7,1884. Mr. Lauren and family attend worship at the First Baptist Church. -¥^ ^ ames B. Speaks. Among the progressive and practical farmers and stock-growers and prosperous citizens of Knox County we find the subject of this biography, whose home is located on section i, in Orange Town- ship, and who stands among the most ad- vanced workers in his especial line of labor. He was born in Warren County, Ind., Oct. 15, 1839, and is the son of Robert and Louisa (Bennett) Speaks. The gentleman of whom we write came to Illinois in r86o, and, settling in Warren County, 111., there passed r2 years. He then removed to Knox County, where he has lived up to the present time. At that time, when the heart of the country was torn with varied emotions of hope and trouble, and when the Union of States trembled in the balance, with the spirit that warmed the heart of every true man, he came boldly out to her rescue, and enlisted in the 83d III. Vol. Inf., commanded by Capt. Lyman B. Cutter. This was in August, 1862, and he served nine months. At the end of that time he was dis- charged, on account of a gunshot wound received at Fort Donelson on the 3d of February, 1863.' After his discharge he came home and engaged in farming pursuits, which he has followed continuously ever since. On the 2ist of August, 1862, he united hand, heart and fortune with those of Melinda M. Webb, who was the daughter of Jehu and Elizabeth (Daw- son) Webb. There were eight children born of this union, as follows: James K., April 30, 1864; Min- nie F., Nov. 25, 1867; Orpha M., April 24, 1870; Cora O., March i, 1872; John W., Feb. 19, 1874; Olive B., Sept. 23, 1877; Arthur B., Jan. 5, 1882; and D. W., March 27, 1884. The mother of the children before mentioned was born in Ohio June r4, 1844. Her father was a na- tive of Maryland and was a farmer and died in the State of Indiana ; her mother, whose birthplace was =4 784 KNOX COUNTY. in Ohio, died in Illinois. Our subject was the son of Robert Speaks, a native of Virginia, who died in Indiana 40 years ago. Mr. Speaks held the office of Township Collector one term in Ellison Township, Warren County, and is living on a farm owned by Morris Chase, which lies on section i, in Orange Township. Both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren in Christ, and Mr. Speaks has served as minister in this church for 25 years. He is a man of quick observa- tion, which, united with a common-school education, tends to make him well informed and a congenial companion. In politics he adopts the doctrine of the Republican party, which organization he up- holds with voice and vote. .^>^ o*o.-(g>>,^ they firs t located in grow to be a queenly city. He KNOX COUNTY. 78s was a member of the first Councils, and has been more or less active in its political growth during all these years. He is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, and both he and his wife are devoted members of the Congregational Church. They are respected members of society, and have the pleasure of seeing iheir family occupying leading positions in the social and industrial life of their respective local- ities. j'^^accheus Beatty, editor of the Republican- ^^_^^_ JiegisUr, a daily and weekly paper, pub- v'li?^"^ lished at Galesburg, was born Nov. 1 1 , -/Jiyv^ 1819. His parents, Cyrus P. and Nancy (Sarchet) Beatty, were married at Cambridge, Guernsey Co., Ohio, where their four sons and five daughters were born. Cyrus P. Beatty was a native of Maryland, and the Sarchet family came to the United States from the Island of Guernsey, in 1809, and settled in Ohio, and gave the name to Guernsey County. C. P. Beatty was a Captain in the War of 18 12, and subsequently served 20 years as Clerk of the Common Pleas and Supreme Courts of Ohio. He was also a member of the Ohio Legis- lature for a number of years. The subject of this sketch was educated at his na- tive town, and there began to learn the art of print- ing, which he finished in the State Printing-Office, at Columbus. In 1857 he came to Peoria, 111., and worked one year on the Daily Union, and in 185 8, in company with a Mr. Robinson, purchased the Knoxville Republican and published it until 1866. From here he went to Watseka, 111., where he was connected with the Republican up to 1874, at which lime he came to Galesburg, where he has since been in the newspaper business. (See history of the Re- publiean-Register, this volume.) During his residence at Knoxville he held the position of Assistant United States Assessor for two years, and was afterward ap- pointed Postmaster at Watseka, which jxjsition he held several years. He has always been an ardent Republican, and during the war was prominently identified with tlie Union League. He is a man of wide range of information, the result of persistent reading and extensive travel. He is also an active member of the Galesburg Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., and of Colfax Encampment, No. 28. He was married at Cambridge, Ohio, Christmas Day, in 1843, to Margaret C. Fesler, a native of Pennsylvania. His family consists of himself, wife and two daughters. rnest Smith Moulton, Ticket Agent at the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co.'s office at Gales- burg, is a noteworthy representative of his profession and of the young men who have grown up with this fair city. He is the young- est son of the family of Billings Moulton, Esq. (whose sketch appears in this work), a native to the manor born, the advent of his arrival here being dated Jan. 3, 1859. Our subject was well-reared and educated, attend- ing Knox College up to the Senior year after having completed a good English education in the public schools of Galesburg. He clerked for awhile in the post-office, and T878 accepted a clerkship in Master Mechanic Colville's office, which he reputably filled for about three years. Subsequently he spent a year in the ticket office of this corporation at Chicago, after which he accepted his present position at Galesburg. Ernest Smith Moulton was united in the holy bonds of matrimony at Riverside, Cal., with Julia C, daughter of Sylvanus H. Ferris, Esq. She is a lady of estimable attainments, and has borne her husband a brigiu little girl, named Stella Florence. Mr. Moulton is an active and energetic official and a public-spiiited citizen, and we predict for him a successful official career and a useful citizenship. #^ letcher Caldwell Rice, Superintendent of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., is an example of what may be at- ,[^ tained by steady and persistent industry in a ^^ chosen vocation. He has risen from a subor- dinate clerkship, through steady, meritorious gradations, to his present incumbency. He was born at Palmyra, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1844. His parents, Dr. William A. and Helen M. (Galloway) Rice, were likewise natives of that State. The grandparents of our subject were from Amherst, Mass., and belong =fc^ 1 786 4 r:. . KNOX COUNTY. to a worthy line of ancestry in that State. On both sides of the parentage of our subject, we find a re- putable record of their having served with credit in the War of the Revolution. In the War of 1812, Capt. James Archer Galloway, grandfather of Mr. Rice, served with marked distinction, and during the late War of the Rebellion, although ripe in years, the old gentleman organized a regiment of soldiers from Hillsdale County, Mich. This regiment was made up of men over 45 years of age, which was tendered to Gen. Scott and Secretary Stanton. They were highly complimented and thanked for the patriotism dis- played, but Gen. Scott and Secretary Stanton de- clined to accept them on the ground that thei* were so many younger men volunteering that their quota was full. Dr. William Rice settled in Beloit, Wis., about 1854, where he had moved from the State of Michi- gan. It was in Beloit and here that the subject of this notice developed into manhood and chose the railway business as his vocation. He completed the study of telegraphy in the office of the Illinois & Mississippi Telegraph Company, at Beloit. The late Civil War breaking out, young Rice, with the char- acteristic traits of his ancestors, longed to do some- thing for his countr)-. His sympathies and instincts were for the Union his ancestors had so bravely fought to maintain, but his youth prevented his im- mediate acceptance. However, in 1862, he was ac- cepted and became a member of the 13th 111. Cav., doing good service until he was honorably discharged in 1863. Returning from the field of strife, Mr. Rice was appointed clerk and operator in the office of the C, B. & Q., at Monmouth, which was the first position of trust he ever held in the era- ploy of that company. He held places of similar trust at different points on the line of that road until 1867, when he was sent to Galesburg and appointed Train Dispatcher, a position he reputably filled for several years. In 1877 he was made Chief Train , Dispatcher and Chief Operator, and in 1878, the position of Trainmaster was added to his duties, all of which he filled with marked ability and compe- tency until August, 1 88 1, when he received his pres- ent appointment, which he has acceptably filled. Mr. Rice has filled all his numerous appointments to the entire satisfaction of the company, and, to his credit be it said, he never suffered an accident to occur through neglect of duty. He has always stuck strictly to his professional pursuits and never allowed himself to become a candidate before the people for public honors or private benefit. He is pronounced in his views on all matters pertaining to the welfare of the city and locality, and is a liberal contributor to all projects he considers worthy. He holds and de- serves the highest respect as a citizen. He is an active member of the Galesburg Club, of which he was one of the organizers, and is a member of its Board of Directors. He was married in Poughkeep- sie, N. Y., to Hattie A. Leeson, a lady of estimable attainments and a great-granddaughter of Gen. Knox of Revolutionary fame. Their happy union has been blest with a son and daughter — Carrie E. and Robert. The family attend and worship at the Congregational Church. :on. John C. Stewart, claim agent and ., dealer in real estate at Galesburg, was r^ born in Mercer County, Pa., Oct. 24, 1822. His grandfather came from the North of Ire- , p land, settled near Fort Duquesne, now Pitts- burg, and from there removed to Mercer County in 1800. His oldest son, James, father of the subject of oarsketch, was born in 1797, and mar- ried Nancy McKee, in Butler County, Pa., in 1821, and by her had born to him four sons and three daughters, John C. being the oldest. The father married a second time, thereby adding to the pro- geny three sons and one daughter. He was a hotel- keeper and mail-contractor and died Oct. 3, 1876. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Mercer County Academy, and taught school a num- ber of winters in that vicinity, and from 1845 to 1852 he was superintending a blast-furnace in his native county. From early boyhood he clerked off and on in a general store, prior to engaging in the iron-works, at his native place, and in 1855 came to Galesburg, where dealing in real estate has since formed his principal business. In the newer Western States he entered Government land, bought some improved land, sold, traded and in all cases handled his own property. It is not the province of this biographer to speak of the financial success of the subject, but in this case we feel warranted in saying that Mr. Stewart's returns have been commensurate in a rea- ■ OF THE l-wVERSIiy Of lLm-3 (^ ^ y^ c?x^ ^ KNOX COUNTY. 789 sonable degree with his efforts. Aside from his landed interest, he is a stockholder in the two lead- ing banks in the city and Director of the Galesburg Brick and Tile Company. He has been three times elected Mayor of the city, to wit: 1859, 1877 and 1883. On the 5th of November, 1885, he was ap- pointed by Judge Blodgett Receiver of the Gales- burg Water- Works Company, and still has the prop- erty in charge. John C. Stewart, our subject, was married at West- chester, Pa., Oct. 18, 1853, to Carrie M. McFarland, and the names of their daughters are Maud M. and Alice. The life of Mr. John C. Stewart really forms an important part of the history of Galesburg, and we refer our readers to the records of his various ad- ministrations as the chief executive officer of the city, for much that cannot be here treated, as it belongs to another department. In his jwlitical belief he is a firm adherent to the principles of the Republican party, but when in office he represented the people irrespective of party. He with his family attends the Presbvterian Church. ■->-->^'^i^^^^^^T^k<--<-' .ndrew C. Housh, banker, Maquon, is the jr son of David and Elizabeth (Thornbrough) Housh. His father was a native of Ken- tucky and of Dutch ancestry, his mother of French and Irish. They settled in Putnam County, Ind., where they lived until 1836, when they removed to Knox County. They made a settlement in Haw Creek Township, where the father engaged in farming and became one of its leading men. Here his demise occurred in the latter part of May, 1879. His widow still survives and resides at Maquon. Their family consisted of 12 children — Joseph M., Mary, James O., Rebecca, Jacob C, Barbara, Joshua, Lilly A., Elizabeth, Daniel M., Eveline and Amanda. Andrew C. Housh, of whom we write, was born in Putnam County, Ind , Oct. 16, 1834, and was there- fore in the second year of his age when his parents came to this county, in 1836. He remained at home, assisting his father on the farm, until he attained the age of 17 years, after which he was employed by his father in teaming and in the distillery. He had learned the trade of distilling, at which occupation he worked for 12 years, at the same time following the occupation of a teamster. His education was very limited, being acquired in the common schools. In the year 1863, he, in company with his father and two brothers, bought out the mercantile interest of Alfred Thurman (see sketch of Mr. T.), Maquon Township. They continued together in this branch of business for ten years, when our subject bought out the entire concern. He conducted it for about four years, when he disposed of it and soon after- ward engaged in the br.nking business, and also in the handling of stock, in which branches of business lie is still engaged. Mr. Housh is the proprietor of 530 acres of fertile land, located in Maquon Township, and which is under a very high state of cultivation. He is also the owner of village property in Maquon, besides 500 acres of fine farm land in Nebraska. He is an ex- tensive dealer in stock, and is numbered among the most successful and prosperous agriculturists and business men in the county of Knox. At Knoxville, Nov. 11, 1857, our subject was mar- ried to Adeline Ouderkirk, daughter of Peter F. and §■ Elizabeth (Fink) Ouderkirk. Her parents were na- tives of New York State and of Dutch ancestry. They arrived in Knox County in 1835, and settled in Maquon, afterward removing to Flaw Creek Township, at which place their demise occurred. The father died in 1846, and the mother in 1863. The family consisted of six children — John, Samuel, Adeline, Caroline, Polly and I,a Fayette. Adeline E. Ouderkirk, wife of our subject, was born in Onon- daga County, N. Y., Feb. 28, 1835, and was an in- fant of eight months when lier parents came to Knox County. Samuel Ouderkirk enlisted in the 86th 111. Vol. Inf , and served three years. He was in several engagements, the most important being the battle of Shiloh. Mr. and Mrs. Housh have been blest by the birth of two children — Emma F. and E. La Fayette. Emma is the wife of Frank P. Hurd, the present Supervisor of Maquon Township, being elected April 6, 1886. Mrs. Hurd has become the mother of two children — J. Clinton and Addie L. La Fayette Housh is the husband of Leonia Libolt, also resi- dents of Maipion, and is associated with his father in the banking business. The senior Mr. Housh has been Township Clerk, Commissioner of Highways \ 790 ~' . .v.. KNOX COUNTY. and School Director. He has also been a member of the Town Council. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics is a Doug- las Democrat. He belongs to Maquon Lodge, No. 530, A. F. & A. M. The father of Mr. Housh was in the War of 1812. As one of the leading and representative men of Knox County we place the portrait of Mr. Housh in this Album. ,ol. Horace H. Willsie was born in Lower ^^^1^ Canada, Jan. 27, 1827, and was the sec- 1^*"*"^ ond son of John and Sabra (Hudson) ^fe) Willsie, who reared a family of five boys and P^ four girls. The senior Mr. Willsie removed j from Canada to the State of Minnesota, in 1856, and died there in 1879, in his 80th year. His widovkf yet survives him. She resides in Fillmore f County, Minn., and is in the 8ist year of her age. The subject of our sketch spent the first 14 years of his life upon his father's farm. He was then ap- fcprenticed to the tanning and currying trade at Moore's Junction, N. Y., which he followed until about 25 years of age. In 1853 he left Canada and ,canie into the States to make his home, railroading while in Missouri, spent a year in Iowa, and reached Galesburg in the fall of 1854. Here he clerked awhile in a dry goods establishment, was appointed Deputy Sheriff in the fall of 1855, and held the posi- tion for two years. The following year he engaged in the livery business, which he abandoned to again accept the appointment of Deputy SherifT, a position he was filling when the war broke out. In July, 1862, he entered the service of the United States as Captain of Co. D, io2d 111. Vol. Inf., and served about one year, with the rank of major, then resigning on account of poor health. The following spring (1864), he recruited a company for the 139th 111. Vol. Inf., and at the organization of that regiment became its Lieutenant-Colonel. He was out only about five months with this command. In February, 1865, he recruited a company for the 148th 111. Vol. Inf., and was tendered the colonelcy of that regiment, with which rank he left the service in the following September. While with the io2d, he was in Ken- tucky and Tennessee ; with the 139th in Kentucky and Missouri; and with the 148th in Tennessee and Alabama. During the entire service his only injury, aside from disease, was accidental. At TuUahoma, Ala., his skull was fractured by the fall of his horse. At four different times during the war Col. Willsie is credited with having, by his own personal influence, filled Galesburg's quota to the army. Altogether he has been si.x years Marshal of the city, which, aside from his Deputy Sheiiffship, constitutes the sum of his civil office services. Col. Willsie has worked his way through life, and his successes are attributable only to the efforts of himself. In 1876 he engaged in his present business, that of a livery and sale stable, and his establishment is one of the best in the city. June 5, 185s, he was married in Galesburg to Bet- sey A. Nichols, a native of Earlville, N. Y., who has borne to him five children, viz. : Wilbur F., United States Mail Service; Horace M., storekeeper's de- partment C, B & Q. R. R.; Alfred N., clerk in Master Mechanic's office C, B. & Q. R. R.; John, machinist, and one daughter, Daisy A., resides at home. In politics he has always been identified with the Republican party. Col. Willsie is a genial, whole-souled, affable gentleman, and has won hosts of friends. ohn N. Irwin, a successful farmer on sec- tion I, Galesburg Township, was born in Venango County, Pa., in 1847, and came with his parents to Illinois, in 1855. They located in Whiteside County, where they re- mained one year, when they moved to Peoria and lived there some eight years, and then came to Galesburg in November, 1864. His parents were John and Emily (Newton) Irwin, natives of Pennsyl- vania, the father being born in 1808, and still living in Galesburg. The mother was born in November, 18 1 6. They were married in 1844 and had four children, two boys and two girls, as follows : Lucy A., who married Rev. Isaac Cary ; Sarah J. married Rev. R. G. McNiece ; Albert B., and John N., the subject of this sketch, married Miss Angle Mc- M aster, Feb. 21, 1872. Mrs. Irwin was born Feb. 21, 1848, and was there- fore married on her 24th birthday. They have five sons, as follows: Walter M., born Nov. 9, 1872; Herbert E., born April 19, 1875; Lynn N., born ^^ KNOX COUNTY. 791 June 19, 1877; J. Paul, born Nov. 22, 1879, and Keith G., born March 13, 1885. The parents of Mrs. Invin were John and Rosetta (Hobbs) Mc- Master. The father is a native of Mercer County, Pa., where he was born Oct. 6, 1815. Her mother was born in England, Oct. 8, 18 18, and came to America with her parents when a small girl. They were married in "Rochester, N. Y., in July, 1845, where they remained some two years, and then moved to Western Pennsylvania, where he has been preaching in different Presbyterian churches for over 40 years. Mrs. McMaster died in Erie, Pa., Jan. 17, 1877. Of their three children, Mrs. Irwin is the only one now Uving. Mr. Irwin has 107 acres of good land, 80 acres in Galesburg Township and the balance in Kno.x Town- ship, and has a fine residence. They are both mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church of Galesburg, and he has been School Director for a great many years. In {xjlitics he is a Republican. Like many of the public-spirited citizens of Knox County, Mr. Irwin has contributed a large share of effort in promoting the material and social welfare of the community, never falling behind in the performance of those public duties which constitute the obligations of the good citizens. These good people, while having pro- vided liberally for their own household, are known as kind and obliging neighbors, ready to lend a hand whenever and wherever needed. -Cf- i'aines W. McCutehen. Prominent among the agricultural class of Kno.x County, who have themselves made what they have of this world's goods, is he of whom these few bi- ographical facts are related. He is a promi- nent and successful farmer, of Scotch nation- ality, residing on section 4, Lynn Township, and is there industriously engaged in his independent calling. He is the son of Rev. Robert and Rebecca (Ad- ams) McCutehen. The father of our subject was born and reared in Armstrong County, Pa., and there lived until a young man. He then went to Venango County, Pa., and was there married. May 10, 1831. His father, Robert, grandfather of our subject, was bom in the North of Ireland and was of Scotch an- cestry and parentage. He came to this country when a young man and located in Armstrong County, Pa., and was tliere married to a Miss Dixon; she was also of Scotch ancestry, and died when Rob- ert, father of our subject, was but four years of age; Robert's father dying when he, Robert, Jr., was but eight years of age. Thus we see that tlie father of our subject was orphaned when but a lad of eight years of age. He afterward lived with his oldest sister, Elizabeth, until he had attained the age of i6 years, in the meantime earning his own living. It was about this time that he went to Venango County, Pa., and there lived with his widowed sister, Mar- garet, occupied in various vocations. After living with her for awhile he became connected with the chaicoal works of the county and continued in the same for 16 years, and during that time purchased and carried on a farm. When 20 years of age Rob- ert McCutehen united with the Methodist Episcopal Church and was soon after ordained as a local min- ister of the Gospel. He subsequently became one of the most active ministerial laborers of that church, and during the entire remaining portion of his life was engaged in the good work. His labors in the ministry were well rewarded, and in 185 i he moved to Peoria, settling on a farm in the vicinity of that city and a few miles north of it. He was one of the most successful ministers in that part of the State, and many denominations owe to him the honor of having increased their membership. In 1864 he sold his farm near Peoria and moved to Freeport, where he took charge of a congregation, consisting at that time of 22 members, but during the two years of his labors increased the same to 120 and built the Embury Church, of Freeport. Later he went to Indianola, Iowa, and some years afterward moved to Lyons, that State, and was there laboring in the cause, when. May 19, 1 88 1, he was called to receive his reward in the land beyond, and having been born Jan. 4, 18 10, was consequently 7 i years of age at the date of his demise. Ten days prior to his death he celebrated his golden wedding. He was the younger of his father's family and survived all the children. His wife was born May 13, 1811, in Venango County, Pa., and was there reared to womanhood and there married. Her father. Weldon Adams, was born in Eastern Pennsylvania, and her grandfather, James Adams, was from the North of Ireland. Her grand- parents died in Eastern Pennsylvania. Weldon Ad- ams had a family of five boys and five girls, of wbgui I 1 t* 792 K^rOX COUNTY. Mrs. McCutchen is yet living in Lyons, Iowa, having attained the venerable age of 75 years. She was the mother of nine children, of whom James W. is the eldest living, and one of whom died in infancy. Five of the children yet survive— two sons and three daughters. James W. McCutchen was born in Venango County, Pa., Feb. 21, 1833, came to Illinois in 1851, and settled in Peoria County. He was married Jan. 4, 1855, in Venango County, Pa., to Miss C. Rosetta Byers, a native of Mercer County, Pa., and born Aug. 27, 1833. She is a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Piper) Byers, natives of Mercer County, Pa., and who now reside in that county. They have lived to- gether as man and wife for 60 years. The father was born June 12, 1800, and the mother Oct. 10, 1807 ; the former was of French extraction and the latter of German, and in their united efforts in life they have met with far more than ordinary success. Mrs. J. W. McCutchen was well educated in the r common schools and lived with her parents until her I marriage. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. McCutchen ^^six children have been born, four of whom are de- ceased. The record is as follows: Charlie M., born I June 27, 1862, is a fireman on the C, B. &. Q. ' R. R. ; Frank F., born Oct. 9, 1866, is attending Commercial College at Davenport; Almira, born Dec. 7, 1855, died April 13, 1865; Laura A., born Aug. 28, 1857, died Feb. 19, 1858; Ada B., born Sept. 27, 1859, died Aug. 29, i860; Freddie E.,born July 24, 1872, died August 31 of the same year. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. McCutchen lived in Peoria County, where he followed agricultural pur- suits for ten years. He then moved to Freeport and from there to Marshall County, this State, where he purchased 120 acres of land, on which he lived for 12 years, engaged in farming. From the latter place he came to this county and purchased his present fine farm of 160 acres, one mile south of Galva. Since that time he has continued to reside upon the farm, devoting his time and attention to its cultiva- tion and improvement, together with the raising of stock. He and his wife are consistent, active mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have been for many years, and of which denomination he has been Steward for about 30 years. Class Leader for many years and Sunday-school Superintendent. He has been Justice of the Peace and Supervisor and held many other offices of minor import. In politics he always casts his vote for the success of the Re- publican party. + eorge W. Sawyer. Among the truly rep- resentative men in Walnut Grove Town- ship there are few who have held positions of trust and at the same time have had large business transactions who could so adequately perform the duties of both, with credit to themselves and profit to others, as the gentleman whose name heads this history. He may be pro- nounced as one of the many representative men of his district. In business he is a Notary Public, general collector, insurance and real estate agent and a farmer. His residence is on section 9, Walnut Grove Township, while his office is at Altona. He first came to this county in the spring of 1856, from Delaware Co., N. Y. He was born in Fergusonville, of that county, on the 5th of August, 1828. His father, Henry Sawyer, was formerly a carpenter but later a farmer, and lived and died in Fergusonville. Nm He was of English extraction and married in his native county to Miss Margaret Multer. She was a native of Schoharie Co., N. ¥., and of German descent. After the death of her husband she came to Illinois and died at her son's home Oct. 26, 1885, in her 80th year. Mr. Sawyer, the subject of this biography, was the second of five children born to his parents. Two of these are now living in this State, one in Nebraska and one in Massachusetts; the latter, Joseph H., is the Principal of Williston Seminary, of East Hamp- ton, Mass. He graduated at Amherst and was Pro- fessor of the Higher Mathematics for many years. The present gentleman was educated in the public schools. He was a bright boy and secured his edu- cation chiefly by his own efforts. At first he learned the trade of his father, that of a carpenter, which he followed for some time. This he acquired when he was 16 years old and soon afterward set out on his own account, coming West in April, 1856. Locat- ing in Galesburg, he followed his trade for one year and then proceeded to Minneapolis, Minn., where he remained another year. After spending some months in Wisconsin he came again to Galesburg and engaged in teaching, a profession which he had 4^ A l-> KNOX COUNTY. 793 •H^ more or less cultivated in his native county. His first income from this was only ten dollars per month. In 1859 he became connected with tlie nursery bus- iness, and after working at this the best portion of two years began again to pursue his trade for a short time. Going to Quincy, Adams Co., 111., he was there married, Dec. 9, r86o, to Miss Sarali Cleveland, a native of Schoharie Co. N. Y. She came, when only four years old, with her parents, to Quincy, 111. Here she was educated and resided up to the date of her marriage. By her union she was blest with five children, two of whom are deceased. There are living at home Ida E., now a teacher in the public schools of this county, Charles C. and Henry J. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. S. went East, and in the following spring returned again to this township. After he had farmed for four years he sold out and proceeded to Quincy, 111. Later he came to Altona and erected a desirable home in this vicinity. Having bought a lumber yard here, he operated the same for two years. Finally he was engaged as a Notary Phblic and in 1875 purchased a cattle ranch in Nebraska. In the course of a few ' ' years he traded the ranch for his present farm of 240 acres. Here he has become, as already stated, one of the most successful farmers of his district. Mrs. ^ Sawyer and her daughter are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church at Altona and stand high in that community. Mr. Sawyer has been Justice of the Peace and Township Treasurer, as well as filling other minor officeb. In him the Republican party have one of the strongest adherents and one of the most consci- entious workers. i^onas F. Anderson, fashionable restaura- j^^ teur and confectioner, Galesburg, came to America from Sweden in 1855 and to this city in 1856. His mother, who accompanied him hither, spent her last days in Galesburg. Jonas F. Anderson was born Sept. 7, 1841; his boy- hood in Sweden was spent principally in school, and since coming here, like his industrious people, he has gathered a pretty fair knowledge of English. After several years' experience in biographical work, cover- ing all classes and nationalities, the writer unreserv- edly pronounces the Swede as the most apt of all foreigners who come to our shores in gathering an English education and adapting himself to American ideas. The industry and good citizenship of these people are marked, and their loyalty in the discharge of every obligation incumbent upon them makes their patronage in commerce and traffic of the highest worth. Mr. Anderson farmed for three years after coming to Knox County. He then removed to Monmouth and engaged in the restaurant and confectionery bus- iness. In the fall of 1862 he went out with the 14th 111. Cav., as sutler for H. H. Mayo, of Peoria, and remained about a year and a half. In February, 1 864, he opened a restaurant on Cherry street, this city; was there about a year, when he removed to 128 East Main street, and from there in 1876 to his present elegant quarters, 140 East Main street. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church and is a Mason and an Odd Fel- low. At Princeton, 111., Sept. 26, 1865, he married Miss Christina Spaka, a native of Sweden, and their children are named respectively Fred H., Lillie V. and Walter R. -wrij^^^^^rt^ =^^B&& ohn C. Burt. Prominent among the suc- cessful farmers of Ontario Township, and one of the honored and respected citizens of Knox County, is John C. Burt, the details of whose personal history are herein given, and is a pioneer farmer, having come to this county in 1840. He was born in Medina County, Ohio, from which place he came to Knox County under the guardianship of his parents, locating in Rio Township, and working the farm, for the space of six years. The father, whose name was John also, was born in Taunton, Mass., in 1794, and ix)s- sessed the energy and inherent strength of character of the old New England stock. In 1846 he pur- chased 160 acres of land in Ontario Township, the northwest quarter of section 28. This was raw prairie soil, which he cultivated and improved till 1855. He next spent one year in Galesburg, which city he left and came to Oneida in the si>ring of 1856, and died the following year at the age of 63 years. He was of New England birth and of Scotch- Irish ancestry, and came to Ohio from Massa- chusetts wherj a young man. From that State ^^=-?^ 794 KNOX COUNTY. he went to Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., and there en- tered the holy bonds of wedlock with Hannah Dan- ielson, whom he lost by death a few months after marriage, in August, 1822. His second matrimonial alliance was contracted with Miss Lucinda Hammond, and took place in March, 1824, and who has borne him five children, two of whom are married and living in pleasant homes of their own : Mary R. lives with her brother, John C, our subject; Nancy, wife of George D. Camp, resides on a farm in Gage County, Neb. ; Lewis, a single man, li%-es at tne home of his brother. John C, and his sister, Marj- R. ; Daniel W., hus- band of Bertha Leonard, of Dickinson County, Kan., is a grain buyer and shipper and a prominent bus- iness man of that place. The father of our subject settled in Medina Coun- ty, Ohio, in 1818. He was left in charge of the family, being the eldest son and the confidant and help of his mother, who looked to and leaned upon him at the death of his father. The children, five in number, were young and in a degree helpless, but he acted his part nobly, and they lacked no kindness or attentive care that he could supply. He located in Medina County when it was srill new, and returning to Massachusetts brought out West his mother and the children, for whom he tenderly cared until her death, which occurred in the spring of 1837. Fol- lowing this event was his removal to this county, in which he has shown himself successful in agricult- ural pursuits, living ever since in the township of which he was the first Assessor and to which he gave its name at its organization. At the time of his death he was Treasurer of the township and of the Board of Road Commissioners. In political belief he was a Republican, but he was formerly an old- line Whig. The brother and sister of Mr. Burt, who were young at the date of his mother's death, in Februar)', 1840, grew up under his care and protection, as pre- viously stated, and, under his advice and by his strong efforts in that direction, one and all received a good common-school education. The father ot this family was an active member of the Congregational Church, and morally and religiously stood high in the community. Their son, John C, who has proved himself so amply fitted for the vocation he pursues, purchased his first land, consisting of 1 60 acres, on section 28, and to it added many improvements, cul- tivating it highly. He also owns a pleasant residence, handsome and convenient, within the limits of the town of Oneida. Three of the children are mem- bers of the Congregational Church in good and reg- ular standing, one a Methodist and one a Presbyte- rian. Mr. B. is himself Deacon and has been for the past 30 years in his church. He has held many of the local oflBces of his township, and has been Commissioner and Treasurer of the Board of the same for 18 years, and is in politics a Prohibitionist. IVharles BL Fuller, Chief Train Dispatcher and Chief Operator and Car Distributor of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. Q. R. R., is a native of Rhode Island. He was bom at Providence, April 18, 1835. His par- ents were Ebenezer and Charlotte Scott (Bab- cock) Fuller, both of them descended from a long line of worthy pioneers of that State. In r849 Ebenezer Fuller moved West with his^ family and settled in La Fayette, Stark County, 111., where he kept hotel for ab »ut six years. He then became the agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. at , Galva, where he remained until his demise, in 1869. He had become the father of two sons — C. H. and John Cope Fuller, the latter of whom is a prosperous merchant at Cincinnati. In T856 Charles H. engaged in the railway business at Galva, as clerk in a freight office, and in 186 1, completing a course of telegra- phy, he received the position of operator in the ofiSce at Galva. In .August, 1865, he was transferred to Galesburg, and took the position of Train Dispatcher, which he has filled acceptably. In 1881 he became the chief of that department, also being assigned to the chief operatorship of that office. Subsequentiy he was appointed to the office of Car Distributor, all of which offices he has filled with credit and effi- ciency. Mr. Fuller was married at La Fayette, 111., Jan 10, 1858, to Theda, the daughter of Gideon B. and Sarah A. (Dixon) Gillette, natives of the State of New York. The father died in 1849; the mother is still living at La Fayette. HI. Mrs. Fuller is one of a family of four daughters born to her parents, two of whom are deceased. The one now living besides *+ ^ 4-^ ^^^x^ KNOX COUNTY. 795 Mrs. F. became the wife of Frank J. Bush, and is living at Clear Lake, Iowa. The result of Mr. Fuller's alliance with Miss Gil- lette is a son, Fred. C, a young man of clever attainments and holding a good position in the ma- chinery department in the Chicago & Alton Railway Company's shops at Bloomington, 111. Fred. C. is married and has a family of two girls. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller, of this notice, have besides an adopted daughter, Blanche Ballentine Fuller, to whom they are giving their kind parental care, rearing and edu- cating her as one of their own. She is a bright little gem in their domestic circle. Our subject and wife attend worship at the Congregational Church. Mr. Fuller is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having been a Mason since 1857. He is a worthy citizen and both he and his amiable wife enjoy a merited re- spect from all who know them. I ,^-f J^.^arles A. Erieson. The subject of this C -'' [*SSIr biographical notice is a solid and substan- I p5^/' "^ tial citizen, well known for his energy of purpose and his unvarying industry. He holds the position of foreman of the round- house of the C, B. & Q. R. R., at Galesburg, and leaves no labor unfinished or poorly executed into which he enters. Mr. E. was born in Hulsbre, Sweden, in 1844, and is a son of Nels P. and Lena Erieson, who came to America in 1852, and settled in Galesburg, and of their eight sons and one daughter but three survive: Charlie A. ; A. \V., assistant foreman of the machine shop of the C, B. & Q. R. R., and John W., a farmer in Union County, Iowa. The subject of our sketch completed his time as an apprentice to the trade of machinist in the ma- chine shop of the railroad here, and has steadily followed it for nine years, leaving the shops to accept his present position. This he has tilled to the satis- faction of all concerned, and is considered a me- chanic of the highest ability. He is genial and kindly in manner, of pleasing address and fine physique, and although an admirer of of the oppo- site sex and a favorite among ladies, has hitherto re- sisted all the darts of the blind god, and still treads the paths of single blessedness. He is well thought of socially, and is respected for his integrity of char- acter and his worthy manhood. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge and of the I. O. G. T. " Ikapt. C. E. Lanstrum was born in Sweden, jl' March 2, 1837, and came to America ^i^ "*• in the early fall of t852. His parents " were John and Sophia Lanstrum, who came over in 1853, and settled in Knox County, from which point, in December 1861, the elder Mr. Lanstrum entered the United States Army. He was a member of the 2d 111. Art., and, while at Shiloh, where his command was actively engaged, he contracted a disease which led to his death. This occurred on board the hospital boat City of Memphis, in 1862. The subject of our sketch, on landing in the United States, came direct to Kno.wille, where he procured employment from a farmer, with whom he staid about three months. He was 15 years of age when he left Sweden, therefore, under their system of education, had already received several years of schooling. This, though in a language so wholly diflferent from the English, taught him the value of learning, and he at once set himself about mastering the English and advancing himself in the various studies. In March 1853, he went to Abingdon, and there worked a few months at wagon -making. His next move was to Knoxville, where he found employ- ment as clerk in a dry goods house. In 1856 he removed to Red Wing, Minn., engaging in the real estate business to some extent. The fall of 1858 found him again in Galesburg, where he clerked in a grocery house, until April, i86r, trans- ferring thence to Des Moines, Iowa. In September of that year he assisted in organizing a company of volunteers for the United States Army. The com- pany, B, mustered Nov. 9, 1861, into the 15th Iowa Vol. Inf., with Mr. Lanstrum as the Second Lieuten- ant. He received a merited promotion to First Lieu- tenant, May 24, 1862, and to that of Captain, Feb. 19, 1863. With this rank he left the army May 16, 1865, after a continuous service of nearly four years. During the siege of Vicksburg, he did picket duty for Crocker's Iowa Brigade. In the ensuing Septem- ber he filled a similar position with the 4th Division, 17th Array Corps, and in October, 1863, was assigned ■^ ^ 796 Ji:jVOX COUNTY. ^> to the duty of Commissary of Muster at the military quarters, district of Natchez, Miss., by order of the Secretary of War. In this latter position he re- mained until ordered to Vicksburg, for final muster- ing out. While with his command he participated in the following battles : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Bol- ivar, Tenn., luka, Corinth, Holly Springs, Port Gib- son, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Big Black, siegeof Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Vidaha, La., etc. The close of the war brought him again to Gales- burg, where he clerked for O. T, Johnson, then formed a partnership with Mr. Bancroft in the grocery bus- iness which lasted from 1866 to 1879. In the latter year he formed a business connection which has since received his attention. Capt. Lanstrum was one of the organizers of the Covenant Mutual Ben- efit Association, of which he was one of the Direct- ors, and at present is Treasurer. (See historical sketch of this Association in this volume.) He is prominent in the I. O. O. F., member of the En- campment and Grand Lodge in that Order, a Knight Templar in Masonry, member of the Army of Ten- nessee, of the Grand Army of the Republic and of Crocker's Iowa Brigade Association. At Des Moines, Iowa, Dec. 9, i86i,hewas united in marriage with Miss Susan E. Crocker, sister of ^ Gen. Crocker, and they have a family of seven chil- dren, all living. /.enry Ream, freight engineer on theC, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Richland County, Ohio, Oct. 14, 184 1. His parents were Henry and Elizabeth (Doermire) Ream, the father being a native of Pennsylvania and of German ancestry, and the mother of English descent. In 1851 his parents moved to Grundy County, Mo., where our subject grew to manhocd on his father's farm. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War our subject declared himself for the Union, and enlisted his serv- ices first in the defense of the State and latterly for the United States. He enrolled with Co. B, 23d Mo. Vol. Inf., receiving an honorable discharge at the end of the war. At the close of the war he be- gan railroading with the C, B. & Q. R. R., at Quincy, 111., as fireman. In 187 1 he was given 'A charge of an engine, and has very acceptably and meritoriously filled the position since. Mr. Ream was married at Quincy, 111., on July 22, 1867, to Elizabeth Ann, daughter of Michael Roley, Esq., who was a native of Westmoreland County, Pa. Their home circle has been blest by the birth of seven children, three sons and four daughters: Joseph Albert Ream, a young man of 18 (the eldest of the family), is completing his academic studies; the names of the others are Lydia Annetta, Chris- tian, Rosa and Daniel (twins), Ethel Anne and Grace Victoria. Christian, Rosa and Daniel are dead. Mr. Ream and wife, togeflier with their eld- est son and daughter, are members in full standing with the First Baptist Church. He is a worthy mem- ber of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Division No. 62, of Galesburg; is a worthy citizen, a clever gentleman and kind husband and father. eorge England, respected as a citizen, mMi and honored for his sterling woith and in- tegrity, as well as being a successful farmer of Knox County, residing on section 4, Persifer Township, is the subject of this no- tice. He came here in 1854, from Vinton County, Ohio, but remained only a short time, when he went to Marshall County, this State, and there re- sided for two years. At the expiration of that time Mr. England returned to this county, and four years later removed to Copley Township, where for 16 years he was occupied in agricultural pursuits, and then moved to the township in which he is at present residing. Mr. England is at present the proprietor of 300 acres of land in Persifer Township, 200 of which is in a tillable condition. He was born in Bedford County, Pa., May 4, 1826, and at Oneida, this State, on the 17th day of October, i86i, he was united in marriage with Miss Susannah Webb, the accomplished and in- telligent daughter of Simon A. and Catherine (Dempsey) Webb. Her parents came to this county in 1849, and settled in Haw Creek Township. Her father died in Warren County, and her mother is yet living. Mrs. England was born in Warren County, May 17, 1840, and has borne her husband eight chil- dren, with records as follows : William W. was born Aug. 7, 1862; Anna C, May i, 1864; Edward W., «» KNOX COUNTY. 797 May 31, 1866; Mary A., May 6, 1868 ; Emma E., June 16, 1870; Madison W., Sept. 23, 1872, died Feb. 28, 1873; John D., June 2, 1874; and Jacob H.. March 16, 1876. Mr. England enlisted in the 36th 111. Vol. Inf., Co. A, Capt. Wm. .-V. Mitchell, Sept. 27, 1864, and re- ceived an honorable discharge June 15, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. While in the service Mr. E. par- ticipated in the battles of Franklin and Nashville and a great number of skirmishes. Mr. and Mrs. England are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Politically Mr. England votes with the Republican party, and in his v.hosen vocation is meeting with that success which energ) and perseverance are sure to bring. Mrs. England has one sister, who married William Cheriington, now deceased ; she was again married to Charles Crouch. By the first marriage five chil- dren were born — Mary .'\., Emma A., John A., James S. and Dennis W. By the second marriage two children — Jasper E. and Elizabeth C. She is now living in Copley Township. 1J3; alph Skinner is a retired farmer, residing in the city of Galesburg, and was born in .•/:(£\ Cortland County, N. Y., July 31, 1819. f](^ The parents of Mr. Skinner, John F. and r Cynthia (Chesebro) Skinner, were natives of Connecticut, of English descent, and reared two sons and five daughters, Ralph being the eldest and the only son now living, and one sister, now Angeline Gray, living in Decatur County, Iowa. He came to Kno.x County in 1837, and returned East for his parerits in 1849. His father and mother died here, the former in 1854, and his widow in 1870. Ralph Skinner was brought up on the farm and educated in the district schools, and joined the colony that founded Galesburg. June 19, 1856, he married Miss Louisa SwHft, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Erastus Swift, one of the Galesburg colonists, the father, in his lifetime, being one of Knox County's best citizens. He was one of the Trustees of Kno.x College. Mr. Swift died in 1848, aged 70 years, and his widow, whose maiden name was Everest, died ten years later. Their children were all highly educated, and the male members of the family have since adorned the most honored pro- fessions. Mr. and Mrs. Skinner have no children of their own, but several children of other people have been blessed by their bounty and grown up under their fostering care. In 1875 Mr. Skinner retired from all active business, though retaining a supervisory care over his farm, now reduced to 80 acres. Mr. Skin- ner votes the Republican ticket. Mrs. Skinner is a member of the Congregational Church. S. Simpson. The early training and sub- j-i^aJ^ sequent life of this gentleman leave no |j^'' room to doubt that his present success and f% future prosperity is and will be based on his TjC sterling qualities of character. In his earliest \ start in life, friends who knew him then proph- esied that the boy's future would be marked with decided success. His father, William Simpson, was born in Indiana County, Pa., on the 17th day of November, 1807. His grandfather, Andrew Simpson, was a native of the same State. The father of the gentleman here to be spoken of was brought upon the elder parent's farm in his native place. In 1832, on the 29th of November, he married Miss Susan Gallagher, who was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., on the 28th of September, 18 12. At the date of his marriage he became a resident on his father's farm, and had given into his care the fulling and saw mills then at work on the premises. Here he lived but a few years, when he resolved on moving to Westmoreland County, where he purchased a farm in Derry Town- ship ; there he remained, engaging in agricultural pursuits up to the year 1856, when he sold that farm and took up his abode in Blairsville, Indiana County, for one year. His desire to travel at this period resulted in his visiting Minnesota, Iowa, Wis- consin and Illinois. The outcome of this tour caused him todetermine in thespringof 1857 on settlingwith his family in Elmwood, Peoria County, 111. Here he purchased a grist-mill, which he successfully operat- ed until 1861, and in 1862 removed to Peoria, where he lived until 1867. Then moving to Kno.x ville, in comp.-iny with his son he purchased a flour-mill one mile south of the town and in the same year removed — ^* - ^ KNOX COUNTY. the old building, only, however, to rebuild and en- large it, continuing to operate the mill, in company with his son, until his decease, on the 3d day of September, 1873. The widow of this gentleman re- sided with her son, the subject of this biography, until her death, which occurred March 5, 1886. The boy was 14 years of age when he first came to Illinois with his parents. He was educated in the pub- lic school and spent one term in Blairsville Academy, and two years at a higher school in Elmwood. While not devoting himself to educational pursuits, he was found ever ready to assist his father at the mill, and devoted much time to the former's business. In this way he acquired a thorough knowledge of the trade. Removing later to Knoxville with his parents, he, for the first time, and in partnership with his father, opened a flouring-mill, and became for the time sole manager of the business. Our subject was married to Mary McGowan on the 24th of October, 1872. She was a native of Knox Township, and daughter of William and Margary (McPherrin) McGowan, residents of that township. ^ To this inarriage were born three children — William I I., Edith M. and Harry O. Mr. Simpson and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian Church. , There is no good or useful work instituted with a view to promote general morality, and enhance tiie value of good will among their fellows, but this lady and gentleman are found associated with it. Mr. Simpson has been Mayor of the city and member of the School Board, the decisions of the latter being often guided by his wise counsel. For a second time he has been chosen Supervisor. He has already in life accomplished great good and is closely identified with the history of Knox County. ; ugene James Sullivan, conductor on the C, B. & Q. R. R., is a native of the State j^^^wjt ^j. j^^^^ York. He was born at Troy, j|j^ March 17, 1857, and is the son of Orin and Mary (Minaham) Sullivan, both natives of Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. In 1858, the family came West and settled at Galesburg, where their five sons and two daughters grew to man and womanhood. Mr. Sullivan of this sketch was the third child \f and second son of his parents' family, spending his boyhood at Galesburg. At the age of 11 years he began work in the shops of the C, B. & Q. R. R. He worked alternately in the shops and in a store for a few years, and at the age of 20 began as brakeman on a train. In this occupation he developed rapid- ly and in a few years was given charge of a train as conductor, a position he has fully and eminently filled. He is a young man of clever attainments, is broad and liberal in his views, public-spirited and progressive, and we predict for him a successful career in life. He has a fine physique and a rugged constitution, qualities which eminently fit him for his chosen vocation. fi^S W. Miller, general farmer and shoemaker. |K residing on section r3, in Walnut Grove ;g|&^ '' Township, was born on Long Island, Sept. ",^!)a 12, 1830. His father, Vincent Miller, is now Ij^ living \\\ Guthrie County, Iowa, and has at- I tained to his 80th year. He was united in marriage with Alma Smith, who was also a native of * Long Island and died there while her son, our sub- ject, was yet a small boy. His early education had scarcely lime to develop his mind, when he set out . for himself in the battle of life. After arriving in the West, where his father came in 1836, he proceeded to Henderson, his father settling in Cambridge, Henry County. Mr, Miller was apprenticed to and learned the boot and shoe trade, his employer being Henry Dean, of Henderson. He worked for Mr. Dean for many years, and while yet at his trade, Jan. 16, 1851, was married to Miss Rebecca Edwards, a native of Wayne County, New York State, who was born Feb. 8, 1835. She was only six years old when her parents came to Illinois and when they settled in Henderson. Her people were among the oldest set- tlers, and by their honesty and industry won for themselves the admiration and esteem of the com- munity. Mrs. M. is the oldest of a family of 13 chil- dren, eight of whom are yet living — three sons and five daughters. This good lady is the mother of four children, of whom one is deceased : Marcus E. is married to Jennie Petitt and now resides in Topeka, Kan., where he represents a large wholesale grocery house; they have one child, Theresa; Fannie is the wife of Augustus Richards and lives in Si. Paul, Neb. ; I t KNOX COUNTY. ^^ 799 he is a large and successful land-owner ; Hannah M. resides at home; and Martin, deceased. After his marriage, in 1856, Mr. Miller arrived in Walnut Grove Township and lived in Altona for some years, where he followed his trade and sold boots and shoes. In the spring of 1867 he first pur- chased 80 acres of land, on which he now lives and which has been improved to a large extent. This gentleman has held many minor offices of his town- ship, in each of which he has acquitted himself cred- itably. He is a solid Republican in politics. _, U^'ohn W. Andrews is a prominent and suc- - H^J v : cessful fanner and stock-dealer, residing on section 16, Walnut Grove Township, which he is now representing for the fifth term as its Supervisor. He came with his parents to the United States in 1855, his birthplace being Ayrshire, Scotland, and the date Oct. 3, 1845. His father, Hugh Andrews, was a farmer and of direct Scottish ancestry, as was his mother, whose name was Margaret Wilson. On arriving in America, the parents and family, including two sons and two daughters, located for two years in Copley Township, the father afterward purchasing 500 acres of land, 320 of which adjoined 180 in Ontario Township. It was all improved and became their permanent home, and there the father died in August, 1878; the mother still survives and is residing in Altona. Mary, deceased, was born soon after they came to this country, and the four remaining children all live in this county. John W. lived at home with his parents till his marriage in Altona, Dec. 25, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth Scott, a native of Copley Township, who was reared and educated in Knox County, being of Scotch de- scent. Her father was a native of Scotland, and her mother of the United States, and they are now farming in Polk County, Neb. They are Alexander and Mary (McCormick) Scott. After his marriage, John W. and his brother Thomas bought the home- stead, each taking one half or 250 acres, in addition to which John W. owns 73 acres, partially within the village limits, where he has a beautiful home and successfully conducts his business. He engaged in stock buying and selling, in Aliona, about 1871 or 1872, and although yet a young man is one of the best business men of the county. Although diligently attentive to his calling, he does not lose sight of his obligations and duties as a citi- zen, and takes an earnest interest in political and public affairs, being strongly attached to the institu- tions and devoted to the welfare of his adopted country. The obligations of religion find in him a consistent supporter, he and his good wife being active members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a Trustee. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., the present Treasurer of his lodge, and has held most of its offices. In political affiliation and senti- ment he is a stanch Republican, maintaining all his views with that sobriety and toleration which become the citizens of a free republic. With an untar- nished reputation for integrity, walking the narrow path of rectitude, entei prising, kind and obliging, blessed 'in every way and trusted by all, he may justly be regarded as a citizen worthy to fill any position to which he may be called. ^amuel W. Grubb, Secretary and Treasurer of the Galesburg Printing and Publishing jf}^^'^ Company, Galesburg, 111., was born in mI^V- Washington, D. C, Aug. 19, 1832, where his father was for many years in the employment of the Government The schools of the cap- ital city afforded him ample opportunity for learning, and in response to his natural inclination he at an early day entered a printing office in Washington, and there learned the trade which has since, more or less, influenced his career. From Washington he went to Atlanta, Ga., and was there engaged in the printing business about 15 years, covering the period of the entire Rebellion, from participating in which he was exempt by reason of his occupation. From Georgia Mr. Grubb came to Galesburg, in 1872, having purchased from Mr. Clark E. Carr the Galesburg Republican, which he edited and published for something over a year (see Republican- Register, this volume). Mr. Grubb has occupied his present position since the organization of the Galesburg Printing and Publishing Company. He is one of the Directors of the Homestead and Loan Associa- tion of Galesburg, and a Director and a member of V a 800 KNOX COUNTY. 4 the Board of Managers of the Covenant Mutual Benefit Association (see account of the C. M. B. A. in this volume). He is a member of the Grand Lodge of the I. O. O. F., in which order he held the position of Grand Scribe for the State of Georgia for several years. His identity with the Grand Lodge of Illinois is co-existent with his residence here, and for several years of the time he has been Chairman of the Printing Committee of that body. During his residence in Atlanta, in 1867, Mr. Grubb was married to Miss Jane A. Wright, a native of Alabama. Their only living son, James W., is at this writing (January, 1886,) a student of Knox Col- lege. The family belong to the Episcopal Church, and Mr. Grubb's politics are in harmony with those of the Republican party. 'ohn S. Collinson. He whose short bio- graphical sketch we here place before the reader chose in early manhood farming as his vocation, which he has followed with ener- gy and perseverance. He is at this writing engaged in farming and stock-raising on sec- tion 29, Lynn Township, and doing well in that pur- suit. Mr. Collinson was born in Luzerne County, Pa., Jan. 28, 1850. He came with his parents to this State when about four years of age. Here he lived with his parents, assisting his father on the farm and attending the common scliools and developing into manhood. Mr. Collinson was married in Lynn Township, at the residence of his bride's parents, Jan. i, 1873, to Miss Mary, daughter of Thomas Craver, who at this writing resides at Altona, retired from the active labors of farm life. Miss Craver was the eldest of her father's family of 11 children, four sons and seven daughters, two of whom are deceased. She was born in Carbondale, Luzerne Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1852, and was also four years of age when she came to this State with her parents, and settled with them in Lynn Township. There she lived until her mar- riage with Mr. Collinson, in the meanwhile assisting her mother in the household labors. Mrs. Collinson has borne her husband five children, who are named Nora A., Dennis A., Katie R., Willie A. and Judge T., who is deceased. Mr. Collinson is at present the proprietor of 210 acres of good land, the major portion of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. He is a promising young farm- er, with a bright future before him, and has a suffi- cient amount of energy to accomplish his aim. He is devoting considerable of his attention, while rais- ing the cereals, to stock, and in this branch is meet- ing with no small success. Mr. Collinson is one of the present Road Commissioners of his township, and in politics is a National Greenbacker. W. Sheldon, M. D. Knoxville boasts many excellent men as residents, and prominent among them stands the subject of this bio- graphical notice, who has arduously and un- tiringly prosecuted the practice of his profes- sion in this city since 1881. He has been eminently successful and has gained a wide patron- age and hosts of friends by his unremitting attention to business and his genuine knowledge of his pro- fession. Dr. Sheldon was born in the State of Mississippi, Jan. I, 1826, and is the son of Samuel and Tryphena (Hatch) Sheldon, the former a native of Scotland and the latter of Vermont. His parents were mar- ried in the State of Ohio, and immediately removed to Mississippi. By profession the father was a min- ister of the Gospel, and after a life devoted to the winning of souls to Christ, he departed this life in Mississippi, in 1831, leaving a wife^and son, the only child, to mourn his loss. After the father's death the widow removed to Ohio, taking with her L. W., but she was not long spared to him, for in two weeks he was motherless. She died at the home of her parents, who tenderly cared for and trained the orphan grandchild, who, during his boyhood, assisted his grandfather on the farm. He attended school every winter, and, beirg naturally industrious and intelligent, soon acquired a good education, so good that at the age of 17 he began the life of a pedagogue. He developed the worthy ambition to do and to be something, and de- voted every spare moment to the study of medicine, spending the remainder of the time — that is, the win- ter — in teaching. This supplied him with the means to prosecute his studies with Dr. E. Wheaton, of -t -f^ 1^^^ KNOX COUNTY. 80 1 Homer, afterward entering the office of J. L. Yeo- man, M. D., of Hartford, Licking Co., Ohio. In 1S49 he attended medical lectures at Starling College, Columbus, from which institution he gradu- ated in the spring of 1850, and commenced practice, with that success which has been previously cited. Here he continued only a short time and then re- moved to Newcomerstown, Tuscarawas County. From here he went to Champaign, Ohio, and thence, in 1 85 2, returned to Licking County and settled in Appleton. Here he continued until 1864, when he came to Knox County, III., and located in Persifer Township, buying 100 acres of splendid land, highly improved and cultivated. With the assistance of such help as he was able to obtain, he managed his farm until 1881, when he rented it and moved to Kno.wille, here continuing his practice. On the 28th of March, 1848, he entered into a connubial alliance with Nancy Corbin, who was born in Licking County, Ohio, April 23, 1830, and was the daughter of Richard and Barbara (Beaver) Corbin, natives of Virginia. The union of Dr. and Mrs. Sheldon has been blessed by the birth of five chil- dren, of whom but one survives — Alzina M., wife of John L. Overturf, who resides in Nemaha Co., Neb. The Doctor's home is among the most pleasant and congenial ones anywhere in the county, being a di- rect example of what refinement of taste and culti- vation of intellect can achieve, and is a resort for those who can understand and appreciate the qual- ities incident to these characteristics. The Doctor has an eye to politics, both local and public, and is a Democrat in voice and vote. S. Bartlett, Division Storekeeper H^ P of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., at Galesburg, ; v^- "^ was born in Rio Township, Knox County, \.-r 111., Dec. 4, 1855. His parents were Erasmus '•-y^ .\lmon and Helen Jane (Sears) Bartlett, na- i lives of the Empire State, and pioneers of Knox County. The fa'her was born in Genesee, and the mother in Cortland County, that State. John D. Bartlett, grandfather of our subject, settled in Knox County with his family as early as 1844. Frank S. Bartlett, of this sketch, is the eldest of a family of four sons and two daughters. He obtained a good education in the public schools of his neigh- borhood, and attended Knox College in a commercial course of study. At the age of 18 years he accepted a position with the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., as ship- ping clerk, in connection with the office which he now holds. After a service of five years he received honorable promotion to chief clerkship. This posi- tion he filled acceptably until Jan. i, 1881, when he was apix)inted to the honorable position with the company which he at present so ably fills. He was happily married to Sarah A., daughter of William L. Fleherty, deceased. Their union was blest with two sons and one daughter, named Alice, John D. and William A. The family attend worship at the Universalist Church. Mr. Bartlett is a worthy mem- ber of the College City Lodge, No. 214, A. O. U. W., of which organization he is the Financier. f ,apt. G. G. Stearns. Eminently worthy* a degree of notice as a prominent farmer, S*J?£;'» ^ and a resident of Knox Township, is the V^ subject of this historical narration, whose ca- 7^ reer has plainly shown that he possesses "a heart to resolve, a head to construct and a hand to execute." He has been extremely prosper- ous in his particular line of labor, and has made himself well known by his energetic and untiring perseverance. The gentleman of whom we write was born in Conway, Mass., Feb. 9, 1836. His father, George Stearns, was also a native of Conway, and his grand- father, also named George Stearns, was a native of the same town, so that he claims far back a long line of New England ancestry. The great-grandfather of Capt. Stearns is recorded in the early history of Conway, as being one of the first settlers of the town, and conspicuous as one of the important factors in its growth and enterprise. The father of our sub- ject still lives in his native town, where he has al- ways pursued the occupation of farming. The uiother of our subject, wiiose maiden name was Fannie Arms, was the daughter of Henry and Expe- rience (Gates) Arms. She died Dec. 15, 1884. To them there were nine children born, seven of whom grew to man and womanhood, and six of whom are still living. Gardner G. was the eldest son, and grew to man -M- hood in the town of his nativity. He was reared on a farm, upon which he worked, receiving his educa- tion in the common schools, and where he continued with his parents until the spring of 1857, when, on the 5th day of March of that year, he set his face toward the setting sun with the intention of founding a home in the Great West. He landed in Iroquois County, 111., where he spent one year. There he bought land, on which he made some improvements, and at the end of the year went to Knox County and rented a farm. On this he continued until 1861, and on the 23d day of April of that year, inspired with the spirit of the time which called men to active duty for the protection of the country, he enlisted in Co. D, ist 111. Cav., and was mustered in as First Sergeant. He served in that regiment until March, 1862, when he was discharged on account of a wound received in the battle of Lexington. He re-enlisted Aug. I, 1862, in Co. A, 77th 111. Vol. Inf .being mus- tered in as First Lieutenant, and in April was pro- moted to Captain. He figured in a number of impor- tant battles, leading his men with undaunted and manly courage, and prominent among them were Chickasaw Bluff, Dec. 2, 1862; Arkans.is Post, Mag- nolia Hills, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge and Vicksburg, May 18 and 22, 1863. In the siege of Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss., he was one of the actors and was captured at Mansfield, La., April 8, 1864, with his entire company. They were confined at Tyler, Te.x., until Oct. 10, 1864, when he was exchanged and joined the regiment at New Orleans, and was in the battles of the siege and capture of Spanish Fort, Ala., and Fort Blakely and Whistler Station, of that State. He was mustered out of active service with his regiment at Mobile, July 10, 1865, and returned to Knoxville, where he resumed farming. In 1868 he bought the farm upon which he now resides. On his present homestead he has erected a good set of frame buildings. His farm comprises 240 acres, all cultivated and improved. He has also engaged in the breeding of blooded stock, among which he includes. Leicestershire and Cotswold sheep and Short-horn cattle. He has been very successful in this branch of business, and prosperity has crowned his efTorts. He was united in marriage Oct. 2, 1865, to Lucy Runkle, daughter of Eldert and Nancy (Bowen) Runkle, natives of New York and pioneers of Knox- ville. The result of this union was five children, by name George E., Arthur D., Fred R., Fannie G. and Mary E. He is active in all public af- fairs, and takes considerable interest in educational matters ; has been School Director for many years, and is a member of Knoxville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M., and Rabboni Chapter, No. 35. He is also a member of Grafton Post, No. 139, G. A. R., and is in politics one of the most fiery Republicans the county boasts. He has been Supervisor, and is al- ways ready and willing to uphold and support any good work, whether religious, political or otherwise. • >i ^ — o-^>T notice, was still young. She was the oldest but one of a family of nine children. In 1850 the family lo- cated in Copley Township, and three years later the parents went to Benton County, Iowa, where the father died, on Sept. 26, 187 r, and the mother on Feb. 2, 1875. They were members of the United Brethren Church, the father being a Class Leader in that body for se\eral years. Up to the date of hei marriage Mrs. Larson remained at home, occupied with domestic work. By her happy union four chil- dren were born — Cynthia A., who resided at home up to the date of her decease, and who was the wife of L. VV. Johnson, and died Jan. 21, 1881; George W., John H. and Emma J. still remain at home. Subsequent to their marriage they settled on an im- proved farm in Copley Township, but later, in 1875, purchased 160 acres in the present township. Both in farming and stock-raising Mr. Larson has had extraordinarily good luck, while his family is one of the most interesting in the district. Mrs. Lar- son's family record is as follows : Hannah J., married, but since deceased; Sarah L., married and living in Rice County, Kan.; John W., who died in Anderson- ville prison ; William H., married and residing in Benton Co., Iowa; George M., married ; E.H., mar- ried, but whose wife is deceased, and A. E. and Rachel I,., married and living in Rice County, Kan. Mr. Erick Larson has been identified with the Re- publican party, of the principles of which he has al- ways been an earnest advocate. >_J_^ o«$^18)>-^-o I^Lranklin Ogden, ex-merchant and retired _ farmer, son of Abraham and Keziah ? ''■" (Houghton) Ogden, natives respectively of Old and New England, was born in Oneida ^E, County, N. Y., July 25, 1808. Abraham Og- den came to America when he was 23 years of age; settled in York State, where he farmed up to 183^, when he came to Illinois, and in Berwick Township, Warren County, spent the rest of his life, dying in 1845. The old man was a lover of American institutions, and in the War of 1812 served his adopted country faithfully as a soldier. He reared four sons and three daughters, Franklin being the second in order of birth. The subject of our sketch received a fair common- school education in New York Statj; grew to man- hood on a farm, came to Illinois in 1840, and lived m Warren County until 1865. At Berwick, in that county, he was for some years engaged in mercantile business, at which, augmented by the products of the farm, he accumulated a considerable fortune. In the spring of t866 he removed to Galesburg, where he has since been engaged in the manufacture of com- position stone. Before the war Mr. Ogden was a Whig; in fact, it may be said that he was an active politician, for we find that he was a political speaker of more than local reputation. When the Whig party expired, or was swallowed up by other parties, he identified himself with the Republican party, which he has since given his ablest support. For more than 50 years Mr. Ogden has been a member of the Baptist Church; 30 years of the lime a Deacon, and the proudest thing to be said of him is, that through his whole life (and he has seen more than three- quarters of a century) his acts have been consistent with his professions. At Rome, N. Y., Oct. 11, 1832, Mr. Ogden was married to Miss Jane Briggs, who died at Berwick, about the year 1848, leaving five children, after having buried two, Analucia and Joseph, who died in infancy. Of the others, Franklin D. is a farmer in Warren County ; Eliza Jane died in 1853, at the - 1'^ ^-^^<^7-t^^W^=^^ KNOX COUNTY. 807 \ age of 18 years; Allen B. died in 1853, at the age of 14 years; James also died in 1853, at the age of 1 1 years, and Albert is a citizen of Colorado. Aug. 2, 1850, Mr. Ogden united with his second wife, Mrs. Cynthia Whiting, «c',r Richardson, in Gene- see, N. Y. She lived but a short time, and died at Berwick, in Warren County, Aug. 29, r8so. Mr. Ogden found his third wife in the person of Mrs. Sarah Jane Baker, nee Pollock, and to her he was married at Berwick, May 26, 1853. Mrs. Ogden was a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Robeit and Margaret (Hurley) Pollock. Her first husband, Mr. S. W. Baker, was a professional educator in his life- time. Her only child, George W. Baker, died near Berwick, Aug. 4, 1853, at the age of three and one- half years. ^,harles Collinson. Among the large land- ^ holders and successful and well-to-do farmers of Knox County, prominently stands the name of him whose short biograph- ical notice we give, accon.panied by his por- trait. He is at present engaged in the prose- cution of his life-long vocation on his fine farm of 280 acres on section 31, Lynn Township, and is meeting with far more than ordinary success as a tiller of the soil. He is the proprietor of Walnut Creek Creamery, and manufactures a large amount of fine creamery butter. He has been engaged in the business since 1880. He is the son of Thomas Collinson, whose native home was beyond the At- lantic, in Yorkshire, England, and who was of pure English blood. The father of our subject was reared on a farm in the mother country, and at the age of nine years began to earn his own livelihood. He was married in his native shire to Hannah Codlin, who was also a native of Yorkshire, and there reared to womanhood. While yet a resident of that shire, two children, sons, were born to them, our subject being the elder, and the date of his birth May 14, 1826. The father and mother, together with tiieir two sons, emigrated to the United States, and immedi- ately made settlement in Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. After their arrival in this country three more children were born ; three children are living. The mother died in Wilkesbarre, Pa , when Charles was but r 2 years of age. • The father was again married in Luzerne County, to a lady of French extraction, Louisa Mathias, who was born and reared to woman- hood in France, coming to the United States and locating in Luzerne County when a young lady. She yet survives and is living with her younger daughter, Mrs. Thomas McClure, in Lynn Township. The father of our subject died in Lynn Township, Jan. 28, 1881, at the age of 82. He came to Illinois in 1852, bringing his family with him, six boys and two girls, Charles being the eldest. He had been a fairly successful farmer, and at the date of his de- mise was possessed of a considerable property. In politics he was a Democrat. Charles Collinson, after accompanying his parents to this county, continued to reside with them on the parental homestead, assisting by his labors in the maintenance of the family until 19 years of age. He worked five years in the coal mines in the Wyoming Valley, Pa., and vicinity. He was married in Wilkesbarre, Pa., July 18, 1847, Miss Catherine A. Spare becoming his wife. She was born near Philadelphia, Aug. r8, 1824, and is the daughter of John and Catherine (Cline) Spare, na- i } tives of Pennsylvania and of Holland descent. Her father was a blacksmith, but after his marriage fol- lowed farming for a sustenance until his demise, which took place Jan. 2, t865, in Wilkesbarre, Pa. His wife followed him to the land beyond 20 days later. Mrs. Collinson was the third in order of birth of a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters, and continued to reside with her parents until her marriage. Of her union with Mr. Collinson 11 chil- dren have been born, one of whom is deceased. Thomas married Hannah Rawlins, and resides in Iowa, engaged in farming; John S. has a sketch in this work ; Sarah married Ambrose King, a farmer of Victoria Towjiship; Abraham married Margaret Mar- shall, and also lives in Victoria Township; Mary C. is the wife of C. S. King, a farmer of Crawford County, Kan.; Martha A. married J. C. Gray, a farmer of Lynn Township; C. Frederick follows the calling of a farmer in Victoria Township, and the maiden name of his wife was H. L. McDaniels; Hannah M. became Mrs. D. C. McDowell; Samuel S. married Ada Strong, who died since the above was written, and is a farmer in Victoria Township; Luther M. is a farmer and resides at home. The 'Jtrz -^ ■ cT__L 808 KNOX COUNTY. deceased is Alice A., who died when about one year and two months old. Mr. and Mrs. Collinsons are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been Town- ship Assessor, and in politics votes with the Demo- cratic patty. Mr. Collinson enlisted in September, 1862, in Co. G, 89th Regt. 111. Vol. Inf.; in the fall of 1863 he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, and served in the same until the close of the war, when he received an honorable discharge at Detroit, Mich., July 3, 1865. He was in numerous skirmishes, and early in the service received a sun- stroke, which prevented him from active duty. .dward H. Ware, an extensive farmer and stock raiser, residing on section 6, Salem Township, is a native of that township, and was born Jan. 6, 1862. His father, Will- iam Keys Ware, was born April to, 1814, in In- diana County, Pa., and was the fourth son of Hugh Ware, who was of Scotch descent, and whose ancestry settled in the Valley of Virginia in the colonial days. His mother's maiden name was Re- becca Hanson, whose ancestors were Hollanders and settled in the colony, occupying territory in what is now the State of Delaware, long before the War of the Revolution. In 1 817, his father left Pennsyl- vania with his family when his son, William K., was only three years old. He died in Highland County, Ohio, in the fall of the same year. After the death of her husband his mother settled on a small farm near Hillsboro, where with great effort she kept her children together until all were grown. William, being the youngest son, lived with his mother and worked on the farm for several years after he was grown, and owing to her limited means he was de- prived of a collegiate course, but acquired a good common-school education. Being ambitious to pro- cure distinction, he determined to study law, and about the year 1840 entered the law office of Judge Scott, at Hillsboro, where he remained two years, when he was admitted to the bar. William Ware opened his first law office at West Union, Ohio, where he remained about a year. Not being very successful, he left there and went to Knoxville, 111., where he opened his second office. but, still failing to receive a fair practice, after an- other year's trial he returned to Ohio and selected a location at Upper Sandusky, where he made a fair beginning and accumulated considerable money. After living in Illinois, the young attorney found Ohio a dull place and determined to return to the Prairie State. About this time a colony from Knox County was about to start for Oregon, and he joined this and in 1847 found himself in that far-off Territory, where he soon began to engage in farming. In 1848, gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, Cal., and during the fall of that year, in company with a few others, he commenced mining, at what is now Placer- ville, where he took out considerable dust. This occupation proved too tedious, and an ounce a day too small a return, so he engaged to supply the miners with tools, groceries, flour and beef, the latter on a large scale. He procured a stock ranch in Butte County, and purchasing lean cattle from across the plains, took them to his ranch, where they soon became in good condition for beef. The supply of cattle from that source, however, became inadequate, and he then purchased of the Mexicans, in Lower California, large quantities of wild cattle, paying for *^ them in gold-dust. While there he encountered many hairbreadth escapes from what often appeared imminent danger and possible death, but he was so fortunate that in 1852 he returned to his old home with 3joo,ooo, all accumulated by his own honest energy and effort. Being a man of strict integrity, Mr. Ware made it his first business to hunt up his old creditors and pay them, principal and interest, although they were all barred by the statute of limitation. William K. Ware married Miss Priscilla Stark, daughter of Dr. Stark, an eminent physician at Fair- field, Jefferson County, Iowa, and soon settled on a large farm near what is now Summit, Knox Co., 111., and engaged in farming and stock-raising with marked success a number of years. Soon after the railroad was completed, Mr. Ware laid out the vil- lage of Summit, which is located on his farm. He was extensively engaged in the breeding of fine stock, and also in the cultivation of the soil. His death occurred June 5, 1867. His widow still survives him and is now Mrs. J. W. Dieffendorf, residing at Peoria. The parental family numbered three chil- dren : William D. resides at Summit; Ida H. became the wife of James A. Penick, and resides in Chariton, *% l^X.% 'diyzjy LIBRARY Of THE \. .IVERSITY OF ILUV' I KNOX COUNTY. 809 Lucas County, Iowa; our subject was the youngest. The father of our subject was tolerant in his relig- ious views, kind and benevolent to all, and was a firm believer in the Christian religion. When in the enjoyment of domestic felicity and worldly ])ros- perity, he was suddenly taken away while engaged in branding young horses ; a pole with which he was controlling them gave way and struck him in the breast with such force that he died in a few hours. By this sad accident his wife was made a widow and his three small children orphans. Of this family several brothers and sisters remain. His sister, Catherine Thomson, mother-in-law of Ex-Gov. Carey, of Kansas, resides in Leavenworth City; another sister, B. McManas, lives atOttumwa, Iowa; a brotlier, John H. Ware, is a banker at Bur- lington, Mo. The late Dr. J. C. Ware, of Fairfield, Iowa, was also a brother. The subject of our sketch grew to manhood in his native State and received his early education in the [ district school, supplementing the same by an at- tendance of four terms at Hedding College, Abing- 1 don. After his mother's second marriage he removed '" to Iowa, and remained for two years in Lucas County. Subsequently he returned to Salem Township, and with the exception of that two years has remained ' upon the old homestead, a part of which he now owns. The subject of this notice was married June 23, 1883, to Miss Sarah A. Sloan, daughter of Hon. John and Sarah (Allen) Sloan. She was born in Salem Township, December 18, 1861. She has borne her husband one child, a daughter, Jessie. Mr. Ware devotes much of his attention to the stock bus- iness, and has upon his farm, among other blooded stock, two magnificent imported Clydesdale stallions. h^ ?enry M. Sisson. The subject of this his- tory, Mr. Henry M. Sisson, is a prominent farmer on section 35, of Henderson Township. He first arrived in Knox County in September, 1842, coming from Oneida County, N. Y. Set- tling first in Galesburg, he lived there 13 years, and in the summer of 1855 removed to Hen- derson Township, his present home. He is almost exclusively engaged in stock-raising, and in com- pany with his brother, William P., is the owner of a half-section of prime land. On the 29th of Septem- ber, 1829, he was born in Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y., and resided there until he came to Galesburg. He received a good common-school education, and in addition, after locating in Galesburg, he attended the Academy belonging to Knox College. He has been continuously engaged in agricultural pursuits and in fine-stock raising and has shown himself a competent judge in his chosen vocation. He was married in Chicago, 111., on the 25 th of De- cember, i860, to Eliza J. Miller, who was a native of that city and born December 5, 1836. By this mar- riage this lady became the mother of nine children, of whom six are now living, viz.: Delia A., Dora E., Frances O., Margaret M., Helen M. and Anna M. Our subject's parents were Pardon and Abbie (Mc- Call) Sisson, natives of Rhode Island and Connecti- cut respectively. They were married in Lebanon, Conn., Sept. 30, 1827, and settled in Oneida County (this being the second marriage of Mr. Sisson)i and came to Galesburg in the year 1842. Henry Sisson's mother died on the 20th of February, 1873 and the elder Mr. Sisson's decease occurred on the 23d of November, i860. The parents of Mrs. Henry Sisson were John and Jane A. (Crane) Miller, na- tives of Virginia and Vermont. They were married in Chicago, where Mrs. Miller died May 21, 1849. Mr. Miller first came to Galesburg in 1857, and died there January 22, 1858. Mr. H. M. Sisson has been elected several times to the office of Supervisor of his township, and has held other minor offices. The father of the present Mrs. Sisson was one of the early settlers of Chicago, and one of the first Trustees of the village of Chica- go. At that date the great bustling and enterpris- ing city of to-day was not yet a corporate city. The gentleman whose name heads this history is one of the Directors of the Galesburg National Bank, besides holding the office of President of the American Po- land-China Record Company. He is an extensive breeder of Short-horn cattle and Poland-China hogs, concerning which he is a recognized authority in Knox County. In politics the Rei ublican party can claim in Mr. Sisson a man who is always willing and ready to give his support to any measure or side with any princi- ple calculated to promote his country's interests. -H- -€4 ± 8io KNOX COUNTY. =^^ IbertA. Calkins. Prominent among the \ well-to-do farmers of Sparta Township, who ^ came to this county away back in 1836, and who have continued to reside here until the present time, meeting with success in their chosen vocation, is the gentleman of whom these notes are written. He is at present residing on section 2, Sparta Township, being township 12 north, range 2 east of the 4th principal meridian, where is located his fine farm of 220 fertile acres, on which there are good and substantial improvements. Mr. Calkins of this notice was born in Hillsdale, Columbia Co.. N. Y., June i, 1808. His parents were Stephen (the sixth generation from Hugh) and Anna (Smith) Calkins, likewise natives of York State. The father of Stephen Calkins was a native of Connecticut, and his distant forefather, Hugh Calkins, born in Monmouthsliire, England, in 1600, came from England to Massachusetts in the year 1640, and soon settled in Connecticut. From Hugh "'Calkins comes the Calkins family existing through- Iout different parts of the United States to-day. Stephen Calkins came to Illinois, in 1838, and set- tled in Henry County, where he purchased a farm, on which he located and there lived, engaged in that honorable calling until his death, in 1857 ; his wife had died in 1843. The subject of this notice was an inmate of the parental household until he attained the age of 23 years. He received a common-school education and diligently assisted his father in the labors of the farm, and after leaving home engaged to learn the carpen- ter's trade. This he mastered and followed for sev- eral years, when he was employed as salesman, to travel throughout the Southern States, and was thus occupied for three years. In 1836, our subject came to this State and at once entered 180 acres of land on section 2, Sparta Township. Subsequently he increased his landed interests by an additional pur- chase of 40 acres. When he first came here the county was sparsely settled and the hand of civili- zation was hardly visible; indeed, there was not a white man who had settled upon the broad prairie one mile from the timber, all who had made settle- ment having selected the timber. It was at this date that the Underground Railroad was being operated, and the subject of this notice at this day is not afraid to acknowledge that he was an active partici- pant. Mr. Calkins, on settling on the land which he originally entered, at once began its improvement and cultivation, and for 50 years has continued to reside thereon, having through his own exertions and labor brought it to the high state of cultivation and value that it occupies at this writing. In 1837, one year after his arrival in this county, he concluded that he needed a helpmate to aid him iu the improvement of his home and to share in the successes which he was certain he saw in the near future. He consequently selected Miss L. M. Park as his companion. She was a native of Massachu- setts, and a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Frink) Park, and bore her husband eight children, five only of whom are now living : Calvin, who mar- ried Elizabeth Berry and by whom he has had three children — Ella, Carrie and Ida ; Leonard took to wife Flora Snell, and their children are eight in number — Ernest, Hugh, Nellie, Rufus, Eli, Abigail, Rosa and Lois M.; Dwight was the next in order of birth ; Leroy married Fannie Reed, and they have one son — Willis ; Fremont L. also became a married man, the ^ maiden name of his wife being Helen R. Parker. In politics Mr. Calkins is a Republican and has been one in sentiment ever since 1850. Being in- tensely Anti-slavery in sentiment, he left the Whig party on the passage of the Fugitive-Slave law, which he considered a disgrace to civilization. While in the midst of slavery he opposed it with tongue and pen. The following is a small specimen of what he left among the slaveholders and which he wrote in 1834: Founded on oppression, Stigma to the Nation, Without sliadow of Equity, Is held as a treasure For profit and pleasure, Hot beds of all iniquity. Mr. Calkins and his wife, who, when another year shall have rolled around, will have been man and wife for 50 years, will celebrate their golden wedding. They are true and consistent members of the Bap. tist Church, and hand in hand have climbed the lad- der of difficulty until at last they are living in the enjoyment of a competency earned through honest toil. Mr. Calkins has held the office of School Di- rector, and to him belongs the honor of calling the first school meeting ever held in Sparta Town- ship, and he was the only one who attended that -H^ V :^-> KNOX COUNTY. 8ii meeting who could read or write. His past career has been an honorable one, and he is one of the re- spected and honored citizens not only of Sparta Township, but of Knox County. Mr. Calkins bears the reputation of being one of the best carpenters in the country, and is a thorough- ly reliable business man. At his old home in New York he was esteemed the best posted man in mili- tary tactics, and was compelled to drill the field and staff officers of the militia regiment to which he belonged. fimothy Moshier, capitalist, Galesburg, was born in Wasiiington County, N. Y., May i8, i8r2. His father, Timothy Moshier, was a native of Canada, and his mother, ^^^^ Rachel Curtis, was a native of Washington County, N. Y. They were married in Wash- ington County, where they reared five sons and four daughters. The senior Mr. Moshier was a farmer by occupation. He died in Cayuga County, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1828, at the age of 47 years. His widow survived him 23 years, when she died in the same county at the age of 69. The subject of this sketch was the eldest son and was brought up on his father's farm until 16 years of age, when he began life for himself. His educa- tion was somewhat meager, but he was possessed of extraordinary natural ability and a sound judgment, accompanied by a stout heart and great physical force. He left Cayuga County when he was 23 years of age, and took up his abode in Cass County, Mich., where he remained three years, going thence, in 1838, to the Platte Purchase in Missouri, and from there, five years later, to Warren County, 111. In the lat- ter county he farmed with much success for ten con- secutive years, and in 1852 removed to Galesburg, where his industrious habits have since been applied to fanning, stock raising, trading and shipping. His farm closely adjoins the city, thus enabling him to spend his time without inconvenience in or out of town. The large and valuable tracts of land once owned by him have been to a great extent distrib- uted among his children. He retains, however, such property as identifies him with the most exten- sive farmers in the country. In 1864, he became largely interested in the First National Bank of Galesburg. Mr. Moshier was married in Michigan, Nov. 7, 1837, to Sarah Garwood, who was the daugh- ter of William and Mary (Thatcher) Garwood, who moved from Ohio to Michigan at an early day. She died in Warren County, 111., Feb. 22, 1851, leaving four children. They are as follows : David, who married Miss Kate Meek, of this county ; they are the parents of one daughter; they are now living in Denver, Colo.; George Moshier (see sketch) ; Henry Clay Moshier took to wife Miss Lou Ferris, of Gales- burg; they are the parents of two children — Winnie and Forrie ; they reside in Galesburg ; Ada Moshier married A. D. Pankey; they have one boy nauied Fred; they reside in Galesburg. Mr. Moshier was a second time married, his wife's maiden name be- ing Adelia Gardner, to whom he was joined in Knox- ville, Dec. 27, 1854, her death taking place in Gales- burg, June 20, 1883. She was the daughter of Rich- ard and Mary (Bronson) Gardner. Her parents were natives of New York. She was previously mar- ried to a Mr. Gardner. By her first marriage she 1 had one daughter — Helen, now the wife of Asa A. Matteson. The result of this latter union was one | child, a daughter, who married Fred Seacord, and they are parents of two children — Louise and an in- fant not named. Mr. Moshier is a stanch Republican. He is not a member of any church, but always contributes liberally to the cause of Christ. [Ciehael Riner is one of the old settlers and most ])rorainent citizens of thistown- '^^ ship. Early in 1857 he located on sec- ') ^^ % tion 4, where he took up farming and stock- raising. He was born in Berkeley Co.. W. Va., Aug. 22, 1822. His father, Henry Riner, was a blacksmith by calling and a native of Virginia, of German descent, and his ancestry were among the oldest and most respected in tiiat country. The great-grandfather of our subject, on his first arrival from Germany, settled in Virginia and took a promi- nent part in the Revolutionary War He was a pri- vate and received a gunshot in the leg, which partly crippled him for life. Having successfully farmed in Virginia, he died at the advanced age of 96 years. Mr. Riner's grandfather, Jacob by name, lived and 4-3- A 8l2 ji:/\rox COUNTY, died in Berkeley County, where he was born and fol- lowed the profession of farming. He married Han- nah Snyder, from the same county. This lady of estimable character lived with her husband loan ad- vanced age and also lies buried in Virginia. The father of our subject was the oldest of a family of four sons and six daughters, and, learning his trade while yet young, he commenced life for himself and married early in his native county. The lady was Miss Marj' Roney and of Irish descent, whose father died in Berkeley Co., Va. The mother's seven chil- dren (five sons and two daughters) came with her after the death of the father in Champaign Co., 111. (where she remained ten years), when she removed to Knox County, 111. Here she made her first home in Altona. Subsequently she lived in this township up to about the date of her death, which occurred while visiting one of her sons in Mason County, 111. She died in February, 1875, in her 76th year. She was a truly good and heroic woman, who through life had faced great hardships and with a large family strug- gled with the world and conquered its difficulties. Her success in bringing up her children as she did won for her the esteem of a large circle of admiring friends. She was a motherly woman and one of strong character, and was a fervent Abolitionist at a time when few dared to profess an opinion on this suhject. She willingly sent her youngest son, Benja- min, to the war, in which he participated with valor and escaped unhurt. While the family Avas yet living in Cham- paign County, 111., the subject of this history was married to Miss Elizabeth Livingston, who was born in Warren County, Jan. 26, 1823. This good and benevolent lady died at her home in Walnut Grove Township, on the 15th of September, 1875. She was the mother of 12 children, of whom seven are surviving. Of these there are now married Henry, James, Amelia, Daniel, Bithia, Sarah C. and Ella. There are deceased Mary, Martha, Albert, Louisa and Maria. Soon after his arrival in this township, in 1857, Mr. Riner rented his land up to i860, when he purchased 160 acres, which form his present home. This latter contains all modern im- provements. After the death of his first wife he was again married at Altona on Nov. 18, 1876, to Mrs. Luticia Allen (formerly Van Fleet). She was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., July 23, 1834. Her parents were New York people and very successful farmers. Her father died in Warren County, 111., on the 15th of August, 1852, his death taking place from various wounds received in the battle of Shiloh, among them his ribs being broken by a spent cannon-ball. Suffer- ing from heart complaint, he was unable to lie down for three years previous to his death. He was one among the most honest of honest soldiers and a splendid citizen. He had one son and four sons-in- law. The mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Firkins, is still living and resides in Mitchell County, Kan., with her oldest daughter. Mrs. R. by her former marriage became the mother of Ida M., mar- ried ; Daniel E., also married ; Lucien, who is a teach- er in Guthrie County, Iowa. Mr. Allen, the father, was a native of New York, and coming Westward was married in Galesburg. He enlisted in the cause of the Republic in [861, joining the Sglh 111. Vol. Inf., Co. G, under Capt. Whiting. He was, however, in- stantly killed by a minie-ball from the enemy, at Dallas, Ga., May 17, 1863, while with Sherman on his march to Atlanta. He was an active and patri- otic soldier and a warm advocate of the Republican party up to the time of his death. Mr. Riner is a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mrs. Riner of the Universalist. The former is a Trustee in his church and one who has always shown an active interest in all matters pertaining thereto. As a stanch Repub- lican he has always shown himself on the side of any measure Ukely to promote the good of that party. ^ eorge A Merrill, a passenger conductor on the line of the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born at Lowell, Mass., Aug. 7, 1845, and was the only son of J. A. and Jennie A. (Powers) Merrill, both natives of the Bay State. The senior Mr. M. was a railroad man, but removed West in 1854, worked some time for the C, B. & Q. and Rock Island & Peoria roads. . He lived awhile in Galesburg, then returned East, and in 1880 emigrated to Lincoln, Neb., where he died three years later, at the age of 63 years. George A. Merrill, at the age of 13, commenced his railroad life as a train-boy on the C, B. & Q. R. R. At the age of 1 6 he began braking. His next step upward was the position of baggageman *t- I i KNOX COUNTY. 8'3 ■M^ and his next that of freight conductor. This jxwi- tion he occupied for 13 consecutive years, and in 1880 he was promoted to the position of passenger conductor, which, it is needless to say, he fills to the entire satisfaction of the company, and is both popu- lar and pleasant. Mr. Merrill's service to his coun- try should not be forgotten, as he adorned the position in which he was placed. In 1864 he left railroading long enough to serve 100 days as private in Co. D, i32d 111. Vol. Inf. At the expiration of his term of enlistment he returned to his old business, where he will probably be found, Providence grant- ing him a long life of usefulness, for many years hence. Our subject is a member of Galesburg Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F ; Vesper Lodge, No. 584, A. F. & A. M., also of Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, all of Gales- burg, and of the Peoria Consistory, and also a mem- ; ber of College City Lodge, A. O. U. \V., No. 214; Oak Leaf Camp of Modern Woodmen of .\merica, ' also Order of Railway Conductors. j He was married in Galesburg Feb. 6, 1867, to 1 Miss Julia A. Cohvell, a native of Dutchess Co., " N. v., and the children born to them are Nellie A. I and Jennie C. Long may his " all aboard " summon the patrons of the old " Q." ^^Is^'oseph H. Bloomfleld. Prominent amor.g r the leading citizens, and the wealthy and influential farmers of Knox County, is Jo- eph H. Bloomfield, whose personal history is narrated in the ensuing paragraphs. He has been actively engaged in farming pursuits ever since 1845, and may be reckoned among the most enterprising and industrious men in that section of the county. Mr. Bloomfield started in to establish his new I home when the country was yet in a wild and un- settled condition. He was but 1 1 years of age when j he came to Knox County, and in his eariier life , attended school and spent the years intervening be- I tween that age and manhood under his father's roof. I He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, living in Rio Township until the year 1858, when he re- moved to Mercer County and there spent 14 years. Deciding that Rio Township was worthy of his creat- I ing a home in its midst, he bought land, until he is now the owner of 159 acres on section ■^■t,. Much , of this land in his possession is capable of a high state of cultivation, and few can boast of a more j desirable homestead. The subject of this sketch was born in Butler County, Ohio, Nov. 30, 1834. At the age of 25 years, April 24, 1859, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucinda Jackson, and this event occurred in Warren County, 111. Mrs. Bloomfield was a native of Indiana, and to her and her husband have been born eight children, by name as follows: .-Vlice E., Henrietta, Mary J., Abigail, Sophronia, Daisy, Har- rison I. and Lelia. Of this family of children Mary J. and Abigail are deceased. Mr. Bloomfield has held many of the local offices of his neighborhood, and discharged the duties inci- dent to them well and ably. In politics he is a Dem- ocrat. Both himself and wife are members, in good and regular standing, of the Baptist Church. The parents of Mr. Bloomfield are Isaac and Mary t (Hohn) Bloomfield, and those of his wife are Har- ' rison and Roxana J. (Holcomb) Harrison. eremiah E Derham, a general farmer, lo- J ^_^ ' cated on section 23, of Walnut Grove ■ Township, is the owner of 160 acres and [,' 3. very desirable residence. He also possesses IjL 40 acres of highly improved land in Lynn 1 Township. This gentleman was born in Del- aware County, N. Y., May 19, 1843. His father. Almond Derham. was a native of the same county and married Jane A. Beagle, who was a native of New York, near Hillsdale. His father was descended of English parentage and his mother was of German ancestry. The grandfather, Moses Beagle, was Mayor of Schenectady. On both sides the grand- fathers were in the War of 1812. The elder Beagle was among those who volunteered to capture certain strongholds where it required the stoutest hearts to meet. The family on both the father's and mother's side were held m the highest esteem in their State. The elder members of this family all lived to a ripe old age and died in their native State, New York, in Delaware County. The parents of our subject still reside at South Hill, East Daveniwrt, N. Y., the t 814 X-^OX COUNTY. father now (1886) in his 7 4tli year and the mother in her 69th. They are still active members of the Christian Church. Mr. Jeremiah E. Derham was educated in the public schools and at Ferguson Hill Academy. Sub- sequently, and while quite young, he began to teach. Coming Westward, however, he took up his location in Kno.\ County and commenced teaching at Lynn, where he followed his profession until the date of his marriage, at Oneida, April 18, 1867, to Miss Mar)' E. CoUinson. This lady was born in Walnut Grove Township, Feb. 12, 1848, and resided at home with her parents up to the date of her mar- riage. She commenced and completed her educa- tion in Altona. By her union with Mr. Derham one child, Milo G., was born May 31, 1868. In the biography of S. L. Collinson Mrs. Derham's family history is given more in detail. Mr. Derham and his wife are regular attendants at the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which body they have warm sympathies; they enjoy and merit the approbation of the community, and in their home is an air of quiet refinement and morality of a high order. The head of the household is in politics a sohd Repub- lican, with the principles of which party he has been identified since 1864, when George B. McClellan was candidate for President. The only son of the household, Milo, is attending the Altona High School, and ranks high as a scholar. •taaj*®^" — m |'4 — ,j^^%cuws»^ w ^:ri|i*a,ajor Josiah Tilden, Justice of the Peace \ -iSJ^Si and residing at Galesburg, 111., was born at Rochester, Vt., Feb. 14, 1830. His r^'X parents were Joseph F. and Clementine (Ly- ** man) Tilde n, who reared one son and three daughters. The Major was educated in the common schools of Vermont, and under his father's instruction gained a practical knowledge of the mer- cantile business, which he afterward found of good use. Maj. Josiah Tilden came to Galesburg in the year 185 1 and resided there, carrying on the business of a merchant, until the outbreak of the war in 1862, at which time he entered the United States Army as Paymaster, with the title of Major, and retained this position, in a manner reflecting credit upon himself, until the conclusion of the war. The first year of the service he spent in St. Louis, the following eighteen months in New Orleans, and the last six at Spring- field, 111. Maj. Tilden held the above position on the steamer Ruth, in July, 1863, when that vessel was destroyed by fire, 12 miles below Cairo. His clerk, Simeon Martin, formerly cashier of Reed's Bank, at Galesburg, had the misfortune to lose his life in at- tempting to swim from the wreck to the shore. The Paymasters under Maj. Brinton, with the amount of $2,600,000 in greenbacks, were en route to Mem- phis and Vicksburg to pay volunteer soldiers at those cities. The Major bore the reputation of being one of the most rapid and reliable Paymasters in the army, and his final settlement with the Government, after handling millions of dollars and paying hundreds of thousands of men, often paying a full regmient in less than ten hours, showed a balance against him, on account of errors, of only a few dollars, which ' were promptly remitted by the proper authorities, who accompanied his final receipts with letters of dis- tinguished consideration for his standing in the de- | partment. Our subject returned to Galesburg in 1865, and was soon afterward appointed United States Deputy Col- • lector for Knox, Henry and Bureau Counties. This position he filled for about one year, when he be- came interested in the Galesburg Gas Works, which he helped to construct. In 1870 he removed to Jas- per County, Mo., where he took up farming, which he continued for 12 years. Nine years of this time he was a member of the State Board of Agriculture of Missouri. In August, 1882, he returned 10 Gales- burg, where he has since resided. He was elected to fill a vacancy of an unexpired term of Justice of the Peace at that time, and in the spring of 1885, re- elected to that office for the regular term of four years. Maj. Josiah Tilden was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Jeannette L. Abbott, in Octo- ber, 1858, Rev. Edward Beecher, brother of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, performing the ceremony. Their household was blest by the advent of seven children, four of whom are living and named as fol- lows : Alice J., Josiah B., Amelia C. and Earnest L. Edward, his eldest son, died in 18S3, in the full bloom of manhood, being only 22 years of age at K » t LIBRARY OF THE t.UVERSITY OF ILLIW: » KNOX COUNTY. 819 the date of liis demise; and two children who died in infancy. The Major is still interested in Missouri real estate and owns in Knox County a herd of as fine-bred Jersey cattle as can be found in the country. ala Blakslee, deceased. The subject of this biographical notice, whose portrait, with that of his e.Kcellent wife, who sur- vives him, we present on the preceding page, was one of the most widely respected and best known citizens of Knox County. He was a resident of Salem Township, and up to the date of his demise was one of its most useful members of society. He was a pioneer in this section of the country, coming to Illinois in June, 1834, thus ex- periencing the hardships incident to that day and all of the triumphs to which those early settlers look back, at the present day, with deep satisfaction. Mr. Blakslee was born in Plymouth, Conn., Jan. 14, 1805. His father, also by name Sala Blakslee, ill was a native of the same State, and his grandfather, Asher Blakslee, was of Welsii ancestry and American birth, who likewise claimed Connecticut as his na- I tive State. Our subject was a model in his chosen field of labor, agriculture, and was systematic and accurate as a business man. He shirked no duty, was a kind friend and good neighbor, and left the world with the comfortable assurance that his life had been a fair success. Sala Blakslee, Sr., was by occupation a blacksmith, at which branch of business he continued until 1817. In September of that year he emigrated to the Far West. His family consisted of his wife and six chil- dren, three sons and three daughters. Two of these had preceded them several years. He loaded the household goods and traveled by wagon, drawn by oxen, while the family occupied a one-horse vehicle. In this primitive way they continued their journey, which occupied from Sept. 2 to Oct. 9. At this lime they entered the State of Ohio, settling in Ashtabula County, where they purchased timber land. Their location is now included in the city limits of Ashta- bula. Continuing at his trade, he instructed his sons in the clearing of the farm, and by unflagging indus- try a home was erected, in which he continued to reside until his death. Our subject was the youngest son of the family and grew to manhood in Ohio. He assisted his father in agricultural pursuits, continuing with him until of age. Arriving at the state of manhood, he rented a brother's farm and engaged in labor for himself. His marriage took place Jan. 10, 1830, to Lydia B. Pearce, who was born in Grafton, N. H., July 23, 1803. She was the daughter of Earl and Betsey (Maranville) Pearce, both natives of New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Blakslee continued to live in Ohio for the space of four years, and June 2, 1834, started for Illinois, filled with the enterprise that commands new effort in a new country. Com- ing by stage as far as Wellsville, Ohio, they com- pleted their journey by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, landing at Oquawka, 111., June 17 of the same year. The following day they employed a man to take them with an ox team as far as Mon- mouth. At that point Mrs. B., with two small chil- dren, remained, while her husband went on foot across the trackless prairie in search of a brother-in- law living in Fulton County. Night came upon him before he completed his journey, but, passing the J night in a cabin at the invitation of the owner, he " the next morning resumed his march and succeeded in reaching his destination. His next move was to return for his family, when he located in Fulton County. There they spent the summer and in Sep- tember of that year returned to Knox County, and moved into a building owned and occupied by James Milan, which stood on ground previously bought, on section 25, Maquon Township. The building was a double log structure and had been partly a smokehouse. Mr. Milan retained posses- sion of the main building, and Mr. Blakslee used the smokehouse department for a dwelling until spring, and with much ingenuity succeeded in mak- ing it comfortable, among other things putting in a three light window, carving the sash with his pocket- knife. During the year he purchased land from Mr. Milan, and also a claim on section 30, of township 9, now known as Salem. Later he entered the land at the Government OflSce, at Quincy, 111., and as early as 1837 erected a frame barn, which was the first frame building in the township. In the following year this barn was struck by lightning and burned, together with the entire crop of small grain, and a j mow of " tip-top " hay, raised from seed brought ' with him when he came West — the first tame-grass =A^ ^•^^-^ Sao JCJVOX COUNTY. 4 seed in the county. In 1840 he built the struct- ure which is now standing. The lumber used was sawed at Little's Creek, and the shingles made by hand. At this place Mr. HIakslee resided until 1842, having made his home in Maijuon Township during the intervening year. He then erected a frame house on section 30 in .Salem Township, which was his home up to the date of his death, Jan. 24, 1886. He left, to mourn his loss, a widow and five grown children, as follows : Eli A., Chauncey, Salmon, Sarah H. and Mary, who still resides at home. Not only was Mr. Blakslee a pioneer in the full sense of the word, but he set on foot and forwarded many movements for the good of the community at large. He look a deep and abiding interest in edu- cational matters, and organized the first school in Maquon Township, the building being on the old Milan farm. He furnished the logs to build the first schoolhouse at Unionlown, doing fully one-half the work with his own hands. His interest in this school never lessened and he was for 50 years con- nected with it in the capacity of Director, an office held longer by him than any man known in this part of the country. His life had proved the truth that " the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust." Mrs. Blakslee came to Ohio at an early day, in i8n, when but a child. As already stated, she was the daughter of Earl Pcarce and was born at Graf- ton, N. H., July 23, 1803. Her father came to Ohio with his wife and three children, all daughters, in company with his fatlier-in-law, ('harles Maranville, and settled at Coniieaut. Charles Maranville, the grandfather of Lydia Pearce, was a descendant of John de ManviUe, or Maranville, the son of a French nobleman who came to America at an early day and settled in Massachusetts. He was a man well edu- cated and left a large family. Miss Pearce lost her mother while still young, and from this time forward made her own living and was enabled to secure only a limited education, but became a methodical and experienced housekeeper. She was living in the family of Capt. Wood when he came to Michigan, and she accompanied them and continued to reside with them for two years. Capt. Wood, having set- tled on the St. Clair River, about 30 miles above Detroit, followed the occupation of a sailor, and in later years was inter^ted in a prominent line o steamers. Mrs. Wood, thus left alone a good share of the time during the summer, with but few neigh- bors save French and Indiuns, at the end of two years returned on a visit to friends in the East, Miss Pearce accompanying her back to Conneaut, from which place she went to Ashtabula and made her home with a well-to-do farmer there. Miss Pearce had become a skillful housekeeper and was very well versed in all the arts of cooking, spinning and weaving both wool and linen. This education had prepared her for an early pioneer and adapted her for the duties of her future home in Illinois, enabling her to keep her family supplied with homespun clothing for their everyday wear, lx)th of wool and linen, woolen blankets for her beds and linen for table-spreads and towels. She was in all a careful, economical, industrious wife, a good mother and a kind neighbor. Mrs. Blakslee still occupies the homestead with three of her children. Sarah H. resides in Maquon Township, and is the relict of the late Thomas Fos- ter; Solomon is a practical and successful farmer, whose home is on section 32 in Salem Township. Those at home are Eli, Chauncey and Mary. Mr. Blakslee was Democratic in politics, and lib- eral in religioiis matters. He was one of the Direct- ors who hired a Miss Minerva Hart to teach school, and paid her one dollar per week ; this was in the year 1837. The other two Directors were George Saunders and Ira Baker, of Fulton County. The pupils were eight in number, and Mr. B. boarded the teacher. -^ -#5-^ "-^^ "•FFaa'^ illiam D. Epperson. One of the princi- il^JM? |)al citizens of Kno.\ County, a farmer, . f^-"""' resident on section 6, Rio, is Wni. D. Ep- 3> person, of whom this personal history is written. He is the School Director in his home district, which office he has held for some length of time, and has held the jwsition lx)th of Constable and Collector. Our subject was boriv in Madison County, Ky., Nov. 17, 1827, and came to Knox County in May, 1836, under the guardi4nship of his parents. At this time he was eight and a half years of age, and he remained under his father's roof from that time until he reached the years of wisdom and under- KNOX COUNTY. 82 rf standing, gaining in the meantime a common-school education and helping his father on the farm. Hav- ing a liking for agricultural pursuits, he has ever since engaged in them, and is at present the owner of 125 acres of land, part of which is timber. He has been successful. Mr. Epperson was united in matrimony with Miss Mary J. Westfall, Sept. 27, 1848, and their nuptials were celebrated in Mercer County, 111. To them have been born ten children, as follows : George W., William E., John P., Olin E., Mary L., Adella N., James A., Edward D., Eva E. and Sarah A. From this circle of brothers and sisters two have been taken by the hand of death — Olin E. and Mary L. The latter was the wife of Edwin B. Rhodes, and left one child, Kate, in the care of the bereaved husband. George W., residing in Vernon Ccunty, Mo., is engaged in farming; William E. follows mercantile pursuits in Alpha, 111. ; John is a clerk, living in Rio Township, and the other children are still inmates of the home circle. Mr. Epperson is a stirring, energetic man, an act- ive member of the Masonic fraternity, and takes an interest in local and general politics, affiliating with the Republican party. Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. /.on. August W. Berggren. Prominent among the best known citizens of Kno.x County, one who has attained eminence as a representative of the people is the subject of this notice. He is State Senator from Knox and Fulton Counties, and is also engaged in dealing in gent's furnishing goods, at Galesburg. Mr. Berggren was born in Sweden, Aug. 17, 1840, and came to this country in 1856; he arrived at Oneida, III, and with his father cafiie to Galesburg the next year, his mother having died several years prior to their coming to this country. He had learned the tailor's trade in his native land and at Victoria, where the subject of this sketch spent the first year after arriving in the State. He worked at the bus- iness there, as he also did at Galesburg, after mov- ing there, until about 1861. Mr. Berggren had been reasonably well educated in his native country, attended school some after coming here, and otherwise improved every oppor- tunity that was aflforded for the acquirement of knowledge; thus within a comparatively short time he was recognized as a man of more than ordinary information and soor. became a local leader in pub lie affairs. In 1869 Mr. Berggren was elected Justice of the Peace; Sheriff in 1872; re-elected in 1874, '76, '78, holding the office altogether eight years. In 1880 he was elected to represent his district (consisting of Knox and Mercer Counties) in the State Senate, and in 1884 re-elected by a popular majority in the new district, comprising Knox and Fulton Counties. Hence it will be reasonable to assume that as a political leader his influence is no longer circum- scribed by locality. Senator Berggren is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a Knight Templar; Past Grand Master of the I. O. O. F., and was Grand Representative of the Order to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, which convened at Baltimore in 1885 ; he has been President of the Covenant Mutual Ben- efit Association, Galesburg, since its organization in 1877, and is also Director in the Galesburg National Bank. Whatever successes have attended Mr. Berggren since coming to this country are to be credited wholly to his individual merit. He came here a poor boy; has never inherited a dollar; has been identified with no great schemes, whereby some men have been lifted from poverty to affluence ; but on the contrary has, in a quiet, unostentatious inanner, pursued the even tenor of his way to where we now find him, in the prime of mature manhood. He was married at Galesburg, March 8, 1866, to Christina Nasluiid, a native of Sweden, and six children have been born to them. Mr. Berggren has always been identified witli and a stanch supixirter of the principles of the Repub- lican party. jj5o.dgar L. Phillips, M. D., of Galesburg, belongs to that class of men who have aided in the building up of that city, which -^J^ takes a recognized prominence among the many beautiful and thrifty cities that the State of Illinois can boast of. He is a native of New York, and was born in Orange County, April 5, 1827. His parents were William and Sarah (Evertson) Phillips. The father was a prominent farmer and -•^-f 822 KNOX COUNTY. manufacturer, and served for a short time in the War of 18 1 2-14, and subsequently held a colonelcy in the militia in the State of New York for many years. He was a gentleman of sterling integrity and noble worth, and always judged his fellow-man his equal in that respect, a quality which eventually proved dis- astrous to him in a financial point of view. He was descended from Rev. George Phillips, who accom- panied Gov. Winthrop from England to our shores, and who settled at Watertown, Mass., whence came a great many of our American Phillipses. Sarah Evertson was a native of Dutchess County, N. Y., of Dutch descent, and came of a worthy line of pioneers in that locality. Their five sons all became prominent in their different callings. Henry L.,who lived at Honesdale, Pa., died May 12, 1886; Nich- olas E. is in the grain business at North Henderson, Mercer Co., 111. ; William N. is living at Galesburg, and Thomas S., who was a resident of Chicago, died April 21, 1886. (Edgar L. Phillips was prepared for college at Lee, Mass., and Middletown, N. Y., and in 1844 entered Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., where he •'spent nearly four years. He withdrew from his [studies there in the Senior year, on account of the death of his father, which occurred Sept. i, 1846, and which left our subject to care for himself. In 1848 he came West and located at Fairview, Fulton Co., 111., where he commenced the study of medicine and attended lectures at Cleveland Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio ; in the meantime continuing his studies in the office of Prof. John Delamater. In 185 1 he commenced the practice of his profession in Fairview, Fulton County, and continued until the spring of 1852, when he was constrained to join a party who were en route for California, his brother, Nicholas E., going with him. On his arrival in that State he resumed the practice in Eldorado County, in which he continued for about three years. He also engaged in the mining business. In 1855 he returned East, and after reading and attending lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, from which he graduated, he, in 1856, opened an office at Knoxville, this county, where we find him in active professional work for a few years. In i860 he retired from pro- fessional work on account of ill health, and spent two seasons on his farm in Pottawatomie County, Iowa. In 1862, as soon as he had recuperated his health, he returned to his adopted State and enlisted in the cause for the Union. He was assigned to the 91st Regt. 111. Vol. Inf., as First Assistant Surgeon. His recriment was captured by Gen. Morgan at Eliza- bethtown, Ky., in December, 1862, and after being paroled was ordered to Benton Barracks, St. Louis. In the following summer the regiment was exchanged and he continued in the field, serving at Vicksburg. Port Hudson and CarroUton, La. Before the close of this year his health failed him and he resigned his position while the regiment was stationed at Carroll- ton, and returned home and spent a year farming near Galesburg. In 1865 he located at Galesburg, where he has continued to successfully practice his profession. While taking a prominent rank as a professional man, he is also a gentleman of excellent citizenship, contributing to all measures attending the advance- ment of the city, together with her many important interests. He is a member of the Board of Examin- ers for Pensions, a position he has creditably filled for four years. He is a member of the Military Tract " Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Kappa Alpha Society of Williams College. He is a member of the ancient and honorable frater- '*^ nity of F. & A. M., and holds membership with Alpha Lodge, No. 155, and Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M.,and served as High Priest of the latter > body for three years. May 6, 1857, Dr. Phillips was married to Miss Mary L. Sanburn, of Knoxville, and their union has been blest with two sons and two daughters. John Sanburn, the elder son, was gradu- ated from Knox College in the class of 1882, and, upon the organization of the Wheelmafiy of Boston, accepted a position upon its staff as literary editor, which he acceptably filled for a time, when he retired to enter Harvard College, from which renowned in- stitution he graduated in 1885. He then returned home and formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Emma, daughter of C. C. West, of Oneida, and in September of that year departed for Leipzig, Germany, where he is prosecuting his studies for further ad- vancement as a teacher. His intelligent and accom- plished wife joined him and is studying art. Edgar E., second son of our subject, ajoung manof clever attain- ments, is thoroughly practical in his ideas, and is a printer in the office of the Register-Republican, at Galesburg. Elizabeth and Julia, the two daughters of Dr. Phillips, reside with their parents. Dr. Phillips can with pride look back upon a life *t" -t ! KNOX COUNTY. 823 well spent as a pioneer, and rejoice with that noble class of people that, though their early lives were fraught with hardships and privations, they have lived to see the country developed to its present wonderful condition. ^ranklin Nichols is a very old settler of the county and a successful farmer, own- ing 157 acres, on section 2, Walnut Grove Township, less 8c recently deeded to his son. This worthy citizen was born in Jefferson Township, Schoharie Co., N. Y., Jan. 17, 1822. His father, John, was a farmer, born in \S'illiamstown Township, Vt., and he in turn was the son of Ezra, a native of Connecticut and of New England parent- age. Ezra died in Harpersfield Township, Dela- ware Co., N. Y. The father was brought up in the same county, where he arrived when he was in his sixth year. While in Connecticut he married Laura Hamilton, a lady born in that State, near Danbury. She was of old English descent. The parents of our subject, alter their marriage, settled in Jefferson Township, Schoharie Co., N'. Y., in 1813. In this county they lived and died, having secured about 1,000 acres of good land and won for themselves the good will and high esteem due to prominent citizens, as they were. The son is yet an owner and operator of part of the old homestead. The family born of this marriage were three sons and four daughters, one of the former dying when young, the others living to maturity. Our subject was the eldest of the family but one. He learned to read, write and " cypher "while li\nng in the old log cabin, where for hours he would sit and study near the wide, antique, stone fireplace. His second teacher, Samantha Hoyt, gave the boy his first card of merit, and he has never forgotten the couplet it contained. This runs as follows : •■ Labor for learning before thou art old. For learning is better than silver or gold." This truism he took to heart and believes to this hour. On the 24ih of March, 1843, Mr. Nichols was married in Davenport, Otsego Co., N. Y., to Miss Margaret Multer, a native of Worcester, Otsego County, where she was born in February, 1820. She was the daughter of an Otsego County farmer, by name Christian Multer. The father was born in New York City and died in Worcester, Otsego County. Her mother, Mary Bectcer, resided and died in Worcester also. These parents were of German and Holland Dutch descent respectively. Mrs. N. of this notice was the fifth child of a family of nine — three sons and six daughters. She is the mother of eight children herself — six sons and two daughters. George Nichols married Miss Catherine Rockfel- low, and resides in Summit, Schoharie Co., N. Y. Walter married Sophia Nelson and lives on the homestead of 80 acres deeded by his father; his wife is the daughter of Charles and Matilda (Stread) Nel- son, natives of Sweden ; she was born in Altona and is the eldest in a family of seven children. Walter was previously married to Mary Field, who is now deceased, her death taking place in December, 1881. By his first marriage he became the father of one child — Harry F. — and by his second marriage he has one child, named Claude Nathan. Nathan re- sides in Lynn Township, Knox County, and is the owner of ri3 acres of prime land; Irvin J. resides at home; John C, Wesley, Ellen J. and Julia are 7^ deceased. The entire family are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mr. Nichols being a Trustee of that body in whom the greatest confi- dence is placed. In him, also, the Republican party has a consistent and able adherent. Politically speaking, he is solid to the core, and watches with interest all matters likely to promote the good of his party. J. Oleen, Vice-President of the Scandi- % navian Mutual Aid Association, and senior ?^^"a? '<^-.o+o s-*- r ram Biggs, one of the proprietors and pub- ^ lishers of the Galesburg Flaindealer, was born at Biggsville, Henderson County, 111 , March 7, 1850. His father, John Biggs, was born in England, and his mother, fiee Charlotte Ordway, was a native of Maine. There were born to them five sons and four daughters, one daughter dying in infancy. The senior Mr. Biggs was a millwright by trade, and was the founder of the town of Biggsville. He there, at an early day, erected a grist-mill, which be- came known as " Biggs' Mill ; " and eventually, as the scanty settlement grew into a village, and later on into a town of several hundred souls, it by com- mon consent received its present name. Irani was brought up in a printing-office, where he has been since he was 12 years of age. He came to Galesburg in 1872, as a journeyman printer, and in 1879 bought out the Galesburg Plaitidealer, in partnership with Mr. Henry Emerich, now the editor- in-chief of the paper. The mechanical department of the paper is entirely under the management and supervision of Mr. Biggs, and the appearance of the sheet, as it comes fresh from the press, attests the highest skill in its make-up. Mr. Biggs, of this sketch, was married to Miss Maggie Moore, a native of Pennsylvania, and the children born to them are three in number, viz. : Harry, Robert and Roy. \ illiam J. Mosher, son of Emerson Mosher, Esq., was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. '^^1.'^' 4, 1807. His ancesters were of English *+ fj^- origin and emigrated to the United States a short time after the landing of the Pilgrims. Their first location was in Massachusetts, where the original progenitors, two brothers, settled. After living within the precincts of the Bay State for some time, one branch went to New York, where they made Oneida County their home. Josiah, the grand- father of Mr. Mosher, was one of the family living in Oneida County. He was a brave man and a soldier of the Revolutionary War. His brother, John, was Captain of a company in the same war. He died in Oneida County in 1847, having lived to the advanced age of 92 years. Mr. Mosher's grand- mother, Rebecca (Doolittle) Mosher, who was of New England stock, was born and reared in Con- necticut, and was married in New York. She died in 1832, having lived to a hale old age. The father of our subject married Mary Crane in Oneida County. She was born in that county, Feb. 26, 1814. The father followed his calling, which was that of teacher, occasionally working at the carpenter's trade, which he had learned early in life. It was at this juncture that his marriage occuirtd, and afterward, while living in the State of New York, he worked at milling. In 1851 he came to this county, and lo- cated on a farm, in the working of which he met with success. His death took place Feb. 23, 1867. He was a local officer in many of the minor positions of the township. Politically, he was an Abolitionist, an old-line Whig, and later a stanch supporter of the Republican party. Mr. Mosher of this writing was born in Oneida County, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1841. At the time of the A- -f-f KNOX COUNTY. 827 removal of his parents to this county, he was nine years of age. He received his early education in the public schools of this township, and passed the years of his boyhood and younger manhood at home till after his marriage, Nov. 26, i858. This event took place at the home of the bride. Miss Sarah E. Wet- more. She was born in Ontario Township, Feb. 1 2, 1850, and educated in the public schools and lived at home until married. (For a biography of her father, see sketch of Theodore P. Wetmore.) Since their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Mosher have passed their lives on the old Mosher homestead, which con- sists at this time of 80 acres of finely improved land, Mr. Mosher is a breeder of blooded Holstein cattle, in Ontario Township. He holds the oflBce of School Trustee in his township, and adopts the belief of his father in politics. The Congregational Church is their regular place of worship. eorge Davis, Treasurer of Knox College, =l K§f^i| was born in the northwestern part of Ire- land, November, 18 14. His parents were y name Robert and Mary Ann (Earls) Davis, and tliey reared eight sons and three daughters. The Davis family were originally from Wales, and followed William the Conqueror to Ireland and settled there. Our subject left home at an early age for the United States, and after traveling for a short period came to Illinois in 1840, and soon after came to Knox County. In September, 1844, he was married to Sarah Rooks, born in Genesee County, N. Y., who was of Connecticut parentage. Our subject and his wife had one child, a daughter, who is married to J. T. McKnight, President of the Second National Bank. Mr. Davis followed the independent calling of fanner for 14 or 15 years; then moved into the city of Galesburg, and held the position of Treasurer of that place in 1858-59 He was County Treasurer in the year 1862; was a member of the Board of Supervisors in 1863; Township Treasurer for some years, and United States Assistant Assessor for six years. He was chosen to fill this position on the resignation of David Sanborn, Esq., when he was elected President of the Second NaUonal Bank of Galesburg. Mr. Davis crossed the briny waters of the Atlantic three times, the last visit being made in the year 1883. His father died on the old home- stead in 1862, at the venerable age of 75 years, the mother surviving him seven years, dying at the age of 77. Our subject has always been a stanch Republican, and was a conductor on the Underground Railroad. He has been Treasurer of Knox College since June I, 1875, and is always proud to be known as a citi- zen of Galesburg. He is a member of the First Con- gregational Church. ^S[^^ohn Doak is a farmer, residing on section |V? r6, of Copley Township, and was born in Scotland, May 22, 1822. His parents were William and Helen (McKie) Doak. They were natives of Scotland, and were the parents of nine children, eight of whom are still living — Mary, Jane, John, Jennetle, William, Helen, Meron and Agnes. The parents died in their native land in 1878-79. Our subject remained at home until he attained the age of 25, and received a common-school educa- tion. In 184S he came to .America and, proceeding to Illinois, settled in Knox County. Here he engaged to work on a farm, and besides this occupied himself in the joint pursuit of running a saw-rnill, engaging by the month for three years. Subsequent to this he rented in Copley Township, for a year, and afterward purchased 80 acres of land on section 17. He sub- sequently added to his original purchase, and is now the owner of 290 acres. He lived ten years on the land originally bought, m a log cabin; he has now a pleasant and desirable home, into which he moved after leaving tlie former lowly dwelling. Mr. Doak was married on the loth day of October, 1855, to Miss Jane, the daughter of James and Jane (Hamilton) Morrison, who came from Scotland. They reared a family of ten children — nine attaining man and womanhood, and being still alive: Jane, Margaret, Christ., James, William, Isabelle, Elizabeth, Jessie and John. The parents are deceased and buried in their native land, tlie father in 188 r, and the mother in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Doak are the parents of eight chil- dren, as follows : Helen K., Agnes C, Mary J., Will- iam S., Nettie E., John T., Annie H. and James A. ^^ :^Lki ^^" KNOX COUNTY. Mr. Doak is a Republican in belief and supports his political party with much zeal and energy. With his wife he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a very useful and helpful factor. He is one of the solid and substantial men of this vicinity, and by every means in his power helps every good work brought forward for the benefit of the people. W. Washburn. The subject of this sketch is President of the Galesburg National HT Bank, with which he has been connected [> since its organization in 1881. He was born in Akron, Ohio, Sept. 18, 1836, and his edu- cation, though liberal, was limited to the com- mon schools of Ohio. He learned the jeweler's trade at Akron, and in September, 1859, came to Galesburg and went into business. He landed here with about ten dollars, the sum total of his worldly wealth, rented a show window in a crockery stoie, now No. 8 Main street, hung out a sign and went to work. In 1875 he sold out this establishment, al- ready grown to highly respectable proportions, to Trask & Gentry. The parents of Mr. Wasliburn were Leander and Eliza (Upson) Washburn ; the former was a native of Kingston, Mass., as also his grandfather, Abiel Washburn. The VVashburns originally came from England. Mrs. Washburn, the mother of our sub- ject, was a native of the State of Ohio. Her parents were originally from Massachusetts. The parents of Mr. Washburn were married at Tallmadge, Ohio, Oct. 13, 1835. They went to Akron, Ohio, where they remained until 1869, when they came West to Galesburg. The father died in November, 1881. The mother is now living with her son, W. W. To the above union four children were born, viz.: W. W., our subject, was the eldest ; Abiel A. married Miss Helen Robertson, and they are the parents of two children — Frank and Katie, who were born in Oak- land, Cal. ; Stephen U. is married and has one child ; they reside in Eau Claire, Wis.; Eliza O. married S. L. Everett ; two children have blest this union, viz., Wallace and Margie ; they are also residents of Oak- land, Cal. In 1877 Mr. Washburn was elected Cashier of the Second National Bank of Galesburg, and held that position until January, 1884. About that time the Galesburg National Bank was organized, with Mr. Washburn as President. Although a new bank, un- der the administration of Mr. Washburn it has flourished and to-day stands as the leading bank of the city. Mr. W. is also Treasurer of the Mechanics' Homestead and Loan Association, and Trustee of Lombard University. As early as 1868, he erected what was known as Washburn's Block, then one of the finest buildings in the city. Thus it will appear, as Mr. W. has never inherited a dollar, that the ten dollars capital and cheap show window, united to his native force and ability, formed the foundation of a fortune. Mr. Washburn was married at Salem, Ind., Feb. 9, 1876, to Miss Margaret Lockwood ; she died June 12, 1882. She left one child, a son, by name Fred. Lockwood Washburn, who was born May 9, 1878. Mrs. W. vi^as a native of New Albany, Ind., and was the daughter of Benjamin Lockwood ; she was a lady of many graces of mind and person, was intel- ligent and refined, and her womanly and winning gentleness endeared her to all with whom she came in contact. Her loss was deeply felt in the commu- nity. Mr W. is a stanch RepubUcan. -<-¥■• B. Ives, one of Knox County's prominent farmers, resides on section 7, Victoria Township, and was born in Otsego County, N. Y., Nov. 9, 1833. His parents were ■V^ Joshua and Catharine (VVilber) Ives, natives of Otsego County, N. Y., where they resided until their death, which occurred in 1885 and 1836 re- spectively. The family of the senior Mr. Ives num- bered four members, of whom our subject was the third in order of birth. They were as follows : Eu- nice, Rachel, Nathaniel B. and John. N. B. Ives remained under the parental roof until 17 years of age. At that time he engaged to work out on a farm, during the summer, for several months, residing at home during the winter and at- tending school. The money paid him as wages was given to his father until he was 21. At Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y., he worked on a farm for one year, also part of the year 1856, and in July of that year ^K XNOX COUNTY. 829 he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Victoria Town- ship, where for eighteen months he was engaged as a farm hand. He then purchased the farm on wliich he is at present residing, and which then contained 80 acres. To this he subsequently added 160 acres, and all of this is excellently improved and fenced. Mr. Ives is extensively engaged in stock and grain raising, and values his land at $60 per acre. Our subject was married, in 1861, to Miss Susan M. Clark. She was the daughter of William P. and Diana (Soles) Clark, natives of Massachusetts and New York. Her parents came to Illinois in 1869, and located in Victoria village, where the mother died in 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Clark were the parents of six children, two of whom are living— Susan and Francis. Mr. and Mrs. Ives have five children, who bear the names of William J., Ola C, Nathaniel B., Ulysses S. and Sherman. Mr. Ives enlisted Aug. i, 1862, in Co. K, 8;5d 111. Vol. Inf., for three years, and served f 2 years 11 months and 6 days, receiving an hon- orable discharge at the close of the war. He partic- 1 ipated in the battle of Fort Donelson and in several skirmishes. On his return from the war he engaged in farming. Politically he is a firm adherent to the principles of the Republican party. He has held the offices of Town Collector, School Director and Trustee. He is connected with the Congregational Church, being a Deacon of that body. ■«^ illiam Lalor, foreman of the boiler shops of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., Galesburg, is a worthy representative of the craftsmen '> of this extensive corporation. He was born in the Parish of Maryborough, Queens County, Ireland, and is the son of Martin and Catherine (Dunne) Lalor, worthy people who came to our shores in 1866, and settled at Aurora, 111. The subject of our sketch here learned the boiler-making trade in the shops of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. Being of an active and progressive nature, he soon made his craftsmanship felt, and obtained a good position in the shops of the company at that place. This posi- tion he ably filled until the year 1885, when he was appointed to his present resjxinsible place, whose duties he very creditably fulfills. Although possess- ing all the attributes of a good family man, he is still treading the mazy paths of single blessedness. Mr. Lalor is a genial gentleman and kind friend, and we predict for him a successful future. on. Orin P. Cooley. Prominent among the deep-thinking and wide-awake poli- ticians of Knox County, and leading and influential citizens and attorneys may be named the gentleman of whose personal history the ensuing items are given. He is the present Representative from this district, to which office he was elected by a large majority. Mr. Cooley was born in Portage County, Ohio, Sept. 30, 1843. His father, Samuel Cooley, a native of Medina County, Ohio, came of an old Connecti- cut family of English ancestral blood, and whose forefathers figured early in New England history. Early in life, while in Summit County, Ohio, he was married to Mary M. Richardson, the accom- plished daughter of a New England farmer. That was the home of her childhood and its scenes and associations were dear to her, but leaving it all bravely she took upon herself new duties, and went with her husband to their Western home. Her par- ents were originally from New Haven and Middle- bury, Conn., and were of Scotch and English lineage respectively. The great-grandfather of Miss Rich- ardson, Lemuel Porter, came from Edinburgh, Scot- land, during the 17th century, but the early record of the Porter family dates back more than 200 years. Many notable members of the old stock have, in the last century and a half, been found in the Middle Atlantic States, and among the divines and erudite scholars there have shone some of its brightest lights. Examples of individual members of the family on the paternal side who distinguished them- selves as brilliantly intellectual and spiritually en- lightened are Dr. N. S. Richardson, D. D., deceased, rector of St. Paul's Church, at Bridgeport, Conn., who was a graduate of Yale, and the founder of the Church Guardian, New York City ; J. B. Richardson, D. D., deceased, who was pastor of the Congrega- tional Church, at Geneva, N. Y., and likewise a graduate of Yale. These men gained a wide re-. 'JM ± KNOX COU]S[TY. \: nown in their respective fields of labor and accom- plished a grand life-work. Others of this illustrious family gained notoriety and distinction in public af- fairs. One was State Representative and one United States Senator from Alabama, and it would be impossible to give more than a cursory history of them all. In Ohio the family stand high, especially in Summit County, where they are prominent in offi- cial and political circles. Immediately after marriage the parents of Hon. O. P. Cooley removed from Summit County to Port- age County, Ohio, at which place Mr. C. was born, as before noted. A few years later the family again moved, this time to Middlebury, now the sixth ward of Akron, Ohio, where the second and last child, another son, was born and christened Charles L. He grew to boyhood in the State of his birth, and eventually developed into a promising and intelligent young man, with native business ability and shrewd intelligence. While yet a young man he entered the r employ of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., at Burlington, I Iowa, which he served with manly integrity and in- dustry, but was overtaken by that dread disease, ** consumption, and, becoming convinced that his stay on earth was short, returned to Summit County, where he lingered a short time, and died March 12, 1869, in the bloom of his young manhood. He was bound by no matrimonial ties. In the year 1854, the parents came to Knox County with their two sons, and settled at what is usually known as Ontario Center. This was just before the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. had completed its line through this county, and not long from the time that the present town of Oneida was begun. While the village was yet in its infancy, they, being one of the first families, began to make improvements on their original property, and have watched the growth of this village into a fairly large and prosperous town. The father during those years followed his trade as a blacksmith and carriage-maker, and, being a skillful workman, was successful. Attaining to years of manhood, Mr. Cooley had grown into a well- developed, muscular man, with a mind approximat- ing in strength his healthy, vigorous body. Natu- rally intelligent in mind, he keenly appreciated his educational advantages and steadily improved them. Entering Lombard University, at Galesburg, he pur- sued his studies until the war began, when he en- listed. He was at first refused admission to the Union Army, on account of his youth, but after sev- eral attempts was accepted as a volunteer, Aug. 10, 1861, and joined Co. C, 42d 111. Vol. Inf., Capt. N. H. Walworth, then of Oneida, in connection with Gen. Sheridan's Division, 4th Army Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. Following the army through the South, this regiment fought in the battles of Farmington and in the long siege of Corinth, and were at Murfreesboro and in the Atlanta campaign. He was taken prisoner at Decatur, Ala., and de- tained at Tuscaloosa, and Cahaba, Ala., and Merid- ian, Miss., remaining in the hands of the Confed- erates until the close of the hostilities, when as pris- oner of war he was released, receiving an honorable discharge at Springfield, 111., July 20, 1865. Not long after his return from the war Mr. Cooley commenced the study of the law, reading under G. W. Ford and Gen. F. C. Smith, respectively, and was admitted to the bar Dec. 27, 1867, but has never made a business of the practice of law. He is now engaged in the insurance business. He has filled ' many of the local offices, among them those of Town- ship and City Clerk, and Supervisor, in which he has continued for 15 years. In 1876 he was nominated ">< for Circuit Clerk on the Democratic ticket, but in consequence of that party being largely in the mi- nority in his county he was defeated. In the year 1877 he was appointed by Gov. CuUom as Judge-Advo- cate of the 2d Brigade, with the rank of Lieu- tenant-Colonel, and was succeeded in this office by A. R. Mock, of Cambridge, 111.. The present incum- bent is Col. Fort, of Lacon, Marshall Co., 111. At the Republican Senatorial Convention of the 2 2d District, comprising Knox and Fulton Counties, held July 22, 1884, at Galesburg, he was nominated as one of the Representatives to the State Legislature, and in the following autumn was elected by the flat- tering majority of 3,000. In the halls of the State Legislature Mr. Cooley gained large favor and prom- inence, and was noted for punctuality and a praise- worthy interest manifested in all questions pertain- ing to the good of the people. In that long-to-be- remembered session of the Legislature of 1884-85, which resulted in the election of John A. Logan, Mr. Shuman, of the Chicago Journal, speaking of him among the distinguished members, says : " Mr. Cooley was noted for ever being present at roll-call, and was known as the physical heavy-weight of the house and as being as sound in mind as body." Of the ~i ^^x^ KNOX COUNTY. 83' various committees on which he did service are the following: Committee on Judicial Department and Practice, Committee on License, Pul)lic Grounds, Building and Libraries. In religion he supports the doctrines of the Episco- pal Church, and in politics is a solid, reliable John A. Logan Republican, at whose nomination for United States Senator Mr. Cooley was invited to speak in the joint caucus on behalf of the House of Representatives. His courteous response to this re- quest was cited by many as one of his best efforts and a credit to its author for smooth and fitting elo- quence, and strong, logical, common-sense argument. He has often labored in political struggles, and is known to the people as a ready, fluent speaker. .o\nx Clarkson. The deservedly popular firm of Clarkson & Co., grocers, at No. 144 East Main street, Galesburg, 111., is composed of Messrs. Clarkson and Roadstrum. Mr. Clarkson was born in Skane, Sweden, Aug. 23, 1832. He there grew to manhood as a farmer, was educated in the common schools, and in 1853 came to America. His father, Nelson Clark- son, died in Sweden when 55 years of, age. The mother, Ella Hanson Clarkson, came to America in 1865 and died about five weeks after her arrival. The subject of this sketch spent about five years of his time in the new country as a steward in a large restaurant and confectionery establishment at Peoria ; the succeeding years in the same bus- iness he held a partnership with one of his late em- ployers. From Peoria he came to Galesburg in 1 864, and engaged in the grocery business, which he sold out at the end of two years and went into partner- ship with J. F. Anderson, restaurant and confection- ery. This arrangement lasted three years, at which time the grocery house of Clarkson & Johnson was organized. At Peoria, when about 28 years of age, Mr. Clark- son was married to Eliza Loquist, a native of Sweden. Their eldest son, Charles E., graduate of Galesburg High and Commercial School, entered a banking-house as bookkeeper when 17 years of age. He was elected cashier before he was zr, and is now at Sabetha, Kan. Their second child is a daughter, EllaC; the third, Annie J.; the fourth, J^y Edward, and the fifth, Florence May. Their daughter Annie died when eight years of age. The family belong to the Presbyterian Church and Mr. Clarkson is a member of the I. O. O. F. *; BCi'r *Di68 K. Howland, passenger conductor of l@l(, the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Bur- llS"'^ lington, Vt., Jan. 3, 1844. He was the ''&£ son of Arnold and Harriet (Wright) Howland. jC The father traces his ancestry back to 1730, \ when John Howland landed with Gov. Win- throp, of Massachusetts, in that State, and finally settled in New Bedford, whence came many of that name to this county. They belong to worthy English ancestors, among whom are numbered many noted public men. The very earliest record of the Howland family credits the earliest progenitors with ^ having come to this country in 1620 on the ship Mayflower, and landing with the Puritans on Plym- outh Rock. The grandfather of Harriet (Wright) Howland, mother of our subject, was a native of Germany, and upon coming to this country settled in the Green Mountain State. The subject of this sketch is the sixth child and third son of a family of five sons and five daughters. He spent his boyhood days in the East, where he obtained a good rudimentary education. At the age of 17 years he came West and located at Chicago, where he obiained employment as brakeman on the line of the C, B. & Q. R. R. After a reputable service with this company he received promotion to baggagemaster, then to conductor of a freight train, and in 1879 to that of passenger conductor. He has continued in this capacity ever since, filling the position with credit to himself and profit to the com- pany. Mr. Howland was married at Princeton, 111., to Miss Christina, the accomplished daughter of John N. Robinson, Esti-, of Buda, III., the union being blest by a son and daughter — John and Harriet, who with their parents attend worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Howland is a respected official of the corporation he represents, and an en- terprising and public-spirited citizen, a genial gen- tleman and a kind husband and father. He is a t -^ -t^ -4l 832 KNOX COUNTY. ^v worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, and an active member of the Order of Railway Conductors, in which he at present serves as Junior Conductor and Correspondent of Division No. 3. /,arry Dunbar. This gentleman is a farmer '" and stock-raiser on section 22, Henderson ^^^^ Township. He is the son of George and \^ Millie (Collins) Dunbar, both natives of Ken- ^) tucky and very estimable people. They came to Knox County and early settled in Sparta Township, where the mother died. Her husband survives her and is now living in Henderson village. They had a very interesting family of seven chil- dren, of whom the gentleman whose name heads this history was the fourth. The brothers and sis- ters of Mr. Dunbar were Mary A., now deceased; Luticia married Stewart Holly, and one child was , the result of this union; Mrs. Holly is now dead; Frank married Martha Wilt, and seven children were born to them ; Sarah is deceased ; Washington is married to Miss McElhaney, and they have five children; Nancy is the wife of Edward King, and they have three children living. Frank and Wash- ington were in the Civil War, in Co. K, 83d 111. Vol. Inf ; they both received honorable discharges. Harry Dunbar was born in Sparta Township and received a good common-school education. He has resided in Kno.x Connty, where all his life he has engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. His farm consists of nearly 400 acres, all well-im- proved, most of which is tillable and on which are very desirable buildings and all necessary appliances for successful stock-breeding. His barns rank with the best in the county. He is chiefly interested in raising blooded stock. He has 60 head of horses, 100 head of cattle, and fattens about 150 hogs annually. His horses are of the Norman and Hambletonian breeds and his cattle of the Short-horn and Durham bloods. He is the owner of two imported Norman stallions and has also in his possession the well- known Kentucky mammoth jack. Young Samson. Mr. Dunbar's judgment as a cattle-breeder is of the first order, and throughout the county he is consid- ered one of the most practical and wide-awake farm- ers of his day. Mr. Dunbar was married in Knoxville, 111., on the 14th of April, i860, to Cordelia Riggen. There have been nine children born to these parents — John A., Lillie C, Loren, Arthur W., Delia, Luna, Anna, Fred and Daisy. Of these, Delia, to the great sor- row of her parents, died early. John is married and settled in Henderson Township, and has one child — Ella M. Lillie C. is the happy wife of John Has- kins, and resides in Henderson Township ; two children have been born to this union — Florence and Daisy. Mr. Harry Dunbar for the second time was mar- ried, in Henderson Township, March 17, 1879, to Rachel Riggen, a native of Stark County, 111., born on the 25th of October, 1857. By this marriage there has been one child — Lulu F. In politics Mr. Dunbar has always allied himself with the Republicans, and in the interest of that party has never lost an opportunity to prove his ad- hesion by word or deed. In connection with this sketch we present a view of the pleasant homestead of Mr. Dunbar. I^.harles H. Cuyler, Division Road master of the Galesburg & Peoria and Buda & Rush- ville Branches of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Mont- real, Canada, Oct. 6, 1831. He is the son of Charles H. and Louisa (Field) Cuyler, natives of New York. The parents of our subject were, at the time of his birth, temporarily stopping at Mont- real. The Cuylers are natives of Dutchess County. The grandfather of our subject was a native of Amsterdam, Holland. Mr. Cuyler, senior, was ex- tensively engaged in the merchant marine trade and ultimately settled in Dutchess County. The family were of worthy English ancestry and settled in Flushing, Long Island. The subject of our sketch was the second child of a family of 1 1 children. He was reared at Ferris- burg, Vt., and grew to manhood in New York City. At the age of 23 years he came to Illinois, and set- tled in Plymouth, and in 1856, with his brother Walter (now of Quincy, 111.), brought his parents West and estabUshed a home for them, where the father died in 1867. Ten years previous to this time Mr. Cuyler began work for the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co, His first experience was with the shovel, .N, ^ •^^^ KNOX COUNTY. 833 from which he rose to section foreman and from that to the foremanship of the floating gang, holding his headquarters at Colchester, whither he had removed in 1866. In 1877 he was appointed to his present position, a place he has worthily filled ever since. Mr. Cuyler was married in Marion County, 111., to Martha Maguire, whom he buried Aug. 31, 1879, in Argyle, near Colchester. She liad borne him three sons and one daughter — Edward B., deceased ; Frank M., a telegraph operator at Minneapolis, Minn. ; Daisy Estelle and Roger Irving. He was again married, in 1880, to Mary Davies, a native of Mountain Ash, Glamorganshire, Wales, by whom he has a son and daughter — May Davies and Charles, Jr. Mr. Cuyler is an active member of the I. O. O. F., and both he and his wife attend worship at the Baptist Church. ^/ Sy^^hester E. Allen, keeper of the City Prison t/lJ^^A and a Constable of Galesbiirg, comes of a worthy line of pioneer stock of Kno.\ I"© County. He was born there in 1846, and is f^ the son of Sheldon W. and Fidelia (Leach) Allen, natives of York State. Our subject spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, and ob- tained a liberal education in the public schools. At the age of 16 he became apprenticed to the harness- making trade, but the Civil War being in progiess at this time, young Allen longed to enter the service, but was too young. However, in consequence of his fine physique, he was accepted about a year afterward and enlisted his services in Co. D, ijgth 111. Vol. Inf., with which company he remained until the close of the war, receiving an honorable dis- charge. He then returned to his apprenticeship, which he completed, but the confinement of the shop was too much for him, and he left the harness- making business to engage in mercantile pursuits. In 1 87 I he joined his brothers in the meat market business, which lie carried on continuously until 1881, when, upon the dissolution of the firm, he accepted a place upon the constabulary of his city, which lX)sition he has very reputably held since. Mr. Allen was mariied at Galesburg, to Miss Anna, daughter of James and Clarinda (Fletcher) Fleming, of Staten Island, N. Y. This union has been blest by the birth of a daughter — Blanche Fi- delia. Mr. Allen is a liberal contributor to all religious organizations, and is a charter member of the G. A. R., also a worthy Mason, being a Past Master of Alpha Lodge, No. 155, and a member of the Chapter and Council. He is a fearless officer, a genial gen- tleman and a kind friend. •«^A>^-^tJlal2/•©~^-* *^sS)/Zr2W»\~-^/w«. Ijp^ai Ibert J. Perry, Clerk of Kno.v County, resi- ^%^Sf dent at Galesburg, is a native of Erie Coun- S^^ ty, N. Y., where he was born Dec. 10, 1841. ^5^ His father, whose name was James Perry, was 1^ a native of Massachusetts, and his mother, J whose maiden name was Sophronia Pengra, of York State. The father of our subject, as appears from the memoranda before us, was one of the most active men in the county in which he resided. He was a small farmer, perhaps such only as a diversion ; was a pension solicitor for the soldiers of 18 12, and a very successful one. He was a man who was in- trusted with a multiplicity of business of various kinds. He was possessed of a superior education, correct and methodical in methods of business, and therefore his services were eagerly sought for by his neighbors. He also held the position of School Commissioner, was Colonel of militia, and, in fact, was for years more or less identified with everything of a public nature in the community in which he re- sided. He died at Alden, N. Y., in i860, at the age of 64 years. His widow survived him a few years, and died at the home of one of her sons at Toledo, Ohio. The subject of this sketch was prepared for col- lege at the academy of his native town, Alden, and was admitted to the Sophomore Class of Rochester University, but for some cause failed to complete the course. He learned telegraphy at Alden, and worked at that business at various points upon the line of the Erie Railroad, for several years. In 1865 he came to Galesburg, having been offered the [wsition as bookkeeper in the building department of the C, B. & Q. R. R., where he remained until Jan. I, 1873. After leaving the railroad company he taught school a few months, and in July of 1873 went into the office of the Circuit Court Clerk as t 834 J^J^OX COUNTY. copyist. While here, he read law under the instruc- tion of Williams, McKenzie & Calkins, and was ad- mitted to the bar at Ottawa in 1876. In 1874, he was appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk, and held that position until he was elected and installed into the office he now holds, in December, 1882. Our subject was married in Steuben County, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1866, to Miss Albina S. Hughes, daugh- ter of the late Dr. Hiram Hughes, of that county. Politically, Mr. Perry has always been a Republi- can. In r882 he was regularly nominated by the party for the position of County Clerk, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1886 he re- ceived further favor at the hands of that political organization, by being nominated for the second term, thus attesting, in the most marked degree, the satisfaction which his service has been to the public. . onas J. Hedman, a farmer, Uving on sec- li^ tion 2 of Copley Township, is the subject of this recital, and is one of our progress- ive and live men. He has lived to see Knox ^C^ County attain success in the march of prog- ress. His home is a pleasant and desirable i one and he pursues general farming as a vocation. He is settled upon 78 acres of land, which is now in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Hedman was born in Sweden, Feb. 23, 1850, and is the son of John and Carrie (Shostrom) Hed- man. John Hedman was a tailor by occupation, which calling he pursued in Sweden, and was the father of two sons — Jonas J. of this wiiting, and John D. After Jonas was 17 years of age, up to which time he had attended school and worked with his father at tailoring, he in r867 left his native land and with friends came to America. They landed at New York and from there came West, and, being pleased with the appearance of Knox County, stopped at Altona. There he hired out to a farmer, contracting to work by the month and rented farms up to 1880. At that time he took a trip to Nebraska and purchased 80 acres of land in Polk County, where he remained for two years. He improved the same, and at the end of that time he sold it and re- turned to Illinois. In this State he purchased the farm on which he now lives. Mr. Hedman was united in marriage in 1882 with Miss Catherine England, a native of Knox County, 111. She was born in r86o, and was the daughter of Peter and Catherine (Anderson) Englund. They were natives of Sweden, and came to America in 1853, and settled in Knox County, where they are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Hedman have one daugh- ter, by name Minnie C. Mr. Hedman is an esteemed and worthy citizen, and politically supports the Re- publican party. ' r. D. W. Aldrich, a physician and surgeon ; ^':i/ . .. of distinction, and a resident of Galesburg, },",wi£ ^ is a native of Boone County, this State, ^]ii, and is the son of William and Sarah Ann ^ (Bassett) Aldrich, descendants respectively from i English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was born April r, 1846, and was the seventh in a family of 12 children. The senior Mr. Aldrich was a farmer by occupation, and a native of Binghamton, N. Y. He was married at Bradford, Pa., in T831, and came to Illinois in 1844; resided in Boone County till i860, removed to Knox County in that year, and died at Henderson in 1869 at the age of 64 years. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood days upon the farm and in attendance at the district schools, supplementing his academic studies with three years at Knox College. Before leaving Knox he began the study of medicine under the direction and tutelage of Dr. E. S. Cooper, and, in 1869, en- tered Rush Medical College, Chicago. Leaving that institution, he practiced medicine about three years at Gilson, going thence to Bellevue Medi- cal College, N. Y., graduating from there March i, 1874. Four years later he took a post-graduate course in the same institution. From 1874 to 1880, Dr. Aldrich practiced medi- cine at Gilson, 111., and in May of the last-named year came to Galesburg. Here he has since occu- pied an iionorable position as a citizen and a mem- ber of his chosen profession. January i, 1886, he was appointed Surgeon for the C, B. & Q. R. R- Co. His practice is described as of the "regular school," and his patrons in number and respectability are second to none of those of any other physi- cian in the county. In 1876 Dr. Aldrich was elected Coronor of Knox LIBRARY OF THE L..iVERSITY OF ILLI'*:--^ •^<)^o^i^<^ J" c^/^, ^n LIBRARY OF THE L...VEE-ilYGFILU»'... KNOX COUNTY. 839 County, and served acceptably for two years, and in 1880 was again elected. Missing one term of two years, in 1884 he was once more chosen to the position. He is a member of the Military Tract, the State and local medical societies, and an honored member of the Masonic fraternity and also the G. A. R. Speaking of the last-named organization calls to mind a fact worthy of mention here. From Jan. I, 1865, to the close of the war, Dr. Aldrich served as a private soldier in Co. E, 148th 111. Vol. Inf. His regiment served in Tennessee, and while in Decherd. that State, he filled the office of Postmaster. At Kno.wille, Aug. i, 1872, the Doctor was married to Miss Margaret McBride, and his three daughters are named Blanche, Mabel and Gertrude. Politic- ally he is and has been a Republican. vtasa^^^T'—m |a— --^S^jjzraw* Judson Hale, who has resided in Kno.x County since June, 1845, was born in Smithtield, Pa., April 8, 1823. After re- ceiving an academic education, at the age of 19 he commenced his law studies in the office of Gen. Bullock, completed them in the office of Adams & Mercer, Towanda, Pa., and was ad- mitted to the bar in the winter of 1845. Arriving in Knoxville in June, 1845, he commenced the practice of his profession in competition with the able resi- dent bar of Messrs. Manning & Swift, C. K. Harvey, R. L. Hannaroan, Edward & Thomas Law. In 1847 he was elected School Commissioner of Kno.x County, and in August, 1848, he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Knox County. At the expiration of his official term, in 1852, he resumed the practice of law, as a member of the law firm of Hannaraan & Hale, of which he was a more or less active member until 1861. In 1862 he was ap[X)inted United States Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, which position he re- signed in 1864. Since 1865 he has resided in the city of Galesburg, occupied mainly with his personal affairs. Since 1 867 he has been a Trustee of Lom- bard University, at intervals serving as President of the Board, Secretary and Treasurer. In 1876 he was elected upon the Republican ticket a member of the State Board of Equalization for the term of •nx four years. He was a member of the Board of Su- pervisors of Kno.x County, from 1875 to r883 inclu- sive, and was Chairman of the Board from 1877 to 1883. As secondary incidents in his life, it may be men- tioned that while residing in the city of Knoxville he served one term as Mayor; that in 1869 he was elected and commissioned Colonel of thesglh Regt. 111. State Militia ; that since residing in the city of Galesburg he was for many years identified with the management of the Galesburg Public Library and the Galesburg Board of Park Commissioners ; that at an early day he earned some position in the I. O. O. F., and both early and late as a member of the fraternity of A., F. & A. M., and has filled all posi- tions up to and including Eminent Commander of Knights Templar. Sept. 24, t848, he was married in Smithfield, Pa., to Sarah P. Pierce, daughter of James C. and Eliza- beth Pierce, and residing in Knoxville and Galesburg, Knox Co., since that time, they have reared their family of five children — Willie, Mark, Charles, Harry and Stella. Willie was instantly killed while in rail- road employ in 1873; Mark is a railroad engineer; Charles, a graduate of Lombard University, is cash- ier of the First National Bank of Pittsburg, Kan.; Harry, >vho graduated as a cadet at West Point, is a Lieutenant in the United States Army, and Stella, who graduated at Lombard University, resides with her parents, the subjects of the foregoing sketch. eorge Avery. Ojie of the oldest and most highly esteemed citizens of Knox County is Mr. George Avery, of Galesburg. He was born in Columbia County, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1802. His parents, William and Phebe (Throop) Avery, were of New England ances- try, although slightly tinged with foreign blood. The former died in the East when our subject was a young man. They had a family of eight children — George, Nathan, Clarissa, HydeT., William T., Deb- orah, John T. and Cornelia. Nathan was a physi- cian, and married a Miss Rivers, of Tennessee. Both are deceased, leaving one son, William T., who has served in Congress from Tennessee. Clarissa mar- ried Silas Churchill, and both she and her husband are deceased. They left a family of five children, v '^•" 4 840 KNOX COUNTY. three boys and two girls. Both Hyde T. and Will- iam T. are also deceased, the latter dying in Indiana. Deborah married John Kendall, the celebrated ther- mometer-maker of New Lebanon, N. Y., where they now reside; three daughters have been born to them. John T. married Sarah Whiting, and resides in Cleveland, Ohio, and has a family of five boys and two giris. Cornelia became the wife of William Ball, and is living in New York. Alternating the duties of a farm hfe with attend- ance at the common school, our subject passed his younger life in the vicinity of New Lebanon, N. Y. Early manhood found him possessed of a very fair English education. He was about 34 years of age when he came West, and the year 1S36 found him upon the ground now occupied by the city of Gales- burg. Indeed he was one of the first members of that society known as the Early Settlers' or Pioneers' Association, the object of which was to found a Christian College. It will be highly proper in this connection to speak of him as one of the most enter- prising, industrious and active workers that ever ^ entered Knox County. I The farm on which he lived up to 1867 was that piece of property which he purchased in the begin- ning, joining the corporate limits of the village, and he has come as near witnessing every step of the growth of this place as any living man. In the year last named (1867) he turned his farm over to his sons and retired to private life. Through a cit- izenship of full half a century, mingling daily with people who so rapidly settled around him, transact- ing business with hundreds, aye, with thousands in the aggregate, it is remarkable that not once in his life has he ever been summoned to court to answer the complaint of any man. He began life a poor boy, and has since inherited nothing except the reward that always eventually descends to the industrious and persevering. He was so fortunate as to add to his possessions a wife of many worthy attributes and a helpmate in its truest sense, one of those women whose price is above rubies. Together they have labored, and age finds him possessed of an ample competency. He was active among the early rail- way organizations of this place, and in fact all public enterprises of merit ever found in him a substantial friend and a strong advocate. When Mr. Avery came to this county, the trip was made by the usual overland route, requiring eight weeks' time to make it. A gentleman by the name of Col. Mills brought a colored boy about 12 years of age with him from New York. Mr. Mills dying, his widow requested Mr. Avery to take charge of the boy, which he did and was compelled to pay taxes upon him the same as he did upon his horses. Mr. Avery, being astiong Abolitionist, wrote back to New York for the boy's free papers, to show that he was not taxable property. Mr. Avery's marriage was celebrated Jan. 24, 1839, in Knox County, when he was united in holy matrimonial bonds with Miss Seraphina Princess Mary Phelps, a native of Massachusetts. She was the daughter of Col. Aaron N. and Clarissa (Root) Phelps, natives of Westfield, Mass. The Phelps family is one of the oldest in New England. Two brothers landed in America May 30, 1630, coming from England on the ship " Mary and John," com- manded by Capt. Squibb.. Aaron N. Phelps was a colonel in the War of 18 rz. Mrs. Avery was born Jan. rg, 1815, and was the eldest of a family of three children. The others, who are deceased, were Mrs. Sybelana Kilbourn and Royal A. N. Mrs. Avery came to this county in 1836 with her mother, her father having died six years before. They set- tled in what is now Galesburg, where the mother died in 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Avery have had born to them seven children, as follows : Robert H., President of the Avery Corn-Planter Company, of Peoria, 111.; John T., a farmer of Rio Township, this county ; Mary, now Mrs. Rev. William R. Butcher, of Wataga, 111.; Cyrus M., of Avery & Co., of Peoria ; Phebe T., now living at home, and George, a farmer of Kansas. Fredrick Arthur died when about three years old. Robert H., the eldest son, married Miss Sarah P. Ayers ; they are the parents of five children — Minnie E., Fredrick A., Sadie T., Cornelia and Ellen K. Robert enlisted in Co. A, 77th III. Vol. Inf., in 1862, and served until the close of the war. He was taken prisoner and placed in Andersonville prison, where he remained for about eight months. He is the in- ventor of the Avery Corn-Planter, as well as other useful implements, and owns a controlling interest in the factory at Peoria. John T. took to wife Mrs. Flora Olmsted. Mary became the wife of Rev. William R. Butcher, and they have five children — Harry E., Mary Z., Etha, William and Irene. Cyrus M. married Miss Minnie E. Bartholemew, I I KNOX COUNTY. -<^ 84 1 and to them have been born three children — Elvira P., George L. and Grace O. George married Miss Ada Wood, and they are the parents of three chil- dren ; the name of the only one living is Edith L. Cyrus M., who is now Secretary of the Avery Corn- Planter Company, graduated from Knox College, standing No. i in his class. Mr. and Mrs. Avery are consistent, sympathetic Christians, and are connected by profession of faith with the First Church of Christ. Mr. Avery is a stanch Republican and Prohibitionist. The portraits of no worthier couple are given in this Album than those of Mr. and Mrs. Avery. l^dwin Chauney Olin, Superintendent of the bridge-building department of the Gales- burg Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., Galesburg, was born in Albany, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1825. He is a son of Jeremiah and Salonii '(Gage) Olin ; the former was a millwright by profession, but in his later years carried on farming and stock-raising, and was a son of Giles Olin, a na- tive of Wales. Col. Giles Olin, grandfather of our subject, settled in Bennington, Vt., and distinguished himself in the Revolutionary War, in which he re- ceived a colonelcy. He died at Bennington, Vt., at the ripe old age of 96 years, leaving a family among whom are some clever professional people. They were of strong physical ability, a characteristic of the Olins. Salomi Gage, the mother of our subject, was a daughter of William Gage, a native of Dutchess County, N. Y., and whose progenitors settled there at an early period in the history of that place, and besides being characterized by longevity, they have furnished many of our merchant people. The subject of our sketch was the second son and fourth child of a family of seven. He grew to man- hood in Albany, N. Y., where he learned the trade of carpenter. In the year 1853 he came West and lo- cated at Chicago, where he spent some time with the Chicago & North-Western Railway. In 1855 he began work for the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., and located at Aurora, at which place his family remained several years. His removal to Galesburg was made in 1873, and there he has remained continuously. Mr. Olin was married in Schenectady, N. Y., to Cynthia Maria, daughter of David Fero, Esq. The result of the union of Mr. Olin and Miss Fero has been two daughteis, both now grown to womanhood. Minerva, the eldest, and wife of Howard Bridge, (^alesburg, has become the mother of two sons — George and an infant unnamed. Ida, the younger daughter, is the wife of Charles Goldsmith, a farmer of Iowa, and is the mother of one daughter, named Gertrude. In 1873 Mr. Olin purchased 360 acres of valuable land, upon which his son-in-law, Mr. Goldsmith, re- sides, 160 acres of the same being in Taylor County, Iowa, and 200 just across the State line, in Nodaway County, Mo. He is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, and with his family attends worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Olin has in his official capacity been very fortunate, inasmuch as he has never suffered an accident to his craftsman- ship since he has had the superintendency of bridges. He is still seemingly as active and vigorous as ever, and takes hold of the work with the same energy as he did in the days long ago. He is a genial gentle- man and respected citizen. , »< -^ C^^- "^.p^^Jl' ndrew Vance is one of Kno.\ County's farm- i^:^J^[ ers, who, by his energy and economy, has -ci't^ succeeded in obtaining good title to 280 ^P«k acres of tillable land, located on section 36, '1^ Elba Township, and 200 in Iowa, and he is I actively engaged in the labors of a farmer. He came to Knox County in the fall of 1868 from Highland County, Ohio, and located in Elba Town- ship, where he purchased his present fine farm. He was born in Fayette County, Pa., Dec. 9, 1826, and is the son of Davis and Hannah (Fredrick) Vance. His father was born in Maryland, as was also his mother. To his parents were born 13 children. All lived to be men and women and married. His par- ents died in Ohio. When eight years of age, he re- moved with his parents to Highland County, Ohio, where he remained until his final removal to Knox County. Our subject received a good common- school education, and has always followed that most independent of all callings, agriculture. Andrew Vance was married in Highland County, Ohio, Aug. 21, 185 1, to Miss Harriet Gibler. Miss *r 4^ H^ 842 KNOX COUNTY. Gibler was born in the county and State in which she was married, Sept. 18, 1832, and is the daughter of William and Rachel (Strain) Gibler. Their union has been blest by the birth of six children, five now living, as follows: John W. A., Lovisa A., Strauder L., Henry D. (deceased), Oley E. and An- drew C. Henry died when about 12 years of age. John W. A. married Catherine Yeager, and is a farmer by occupation ; they have one son — Earl Wendel Y. Vance. Lovisa A. is the wife of Fillmore Rogers, and lives in Salem Township; they have four children, one son and three daughters — AUie Bell, Mary Ellen, Harrison L. and Mattie Blanche. Mr. Vance was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, but did not qualify. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, and in politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. ijharles W. LeflHngwell. Dr. Leffingwell, Rector of St. Mary's School, Knoxville, was born Dec. 5, 1840, and is the son of Rev. Lyman and Sarah Chapman (Brown) Leffingwell, natives of Connecticut. The pa- ternal grandfather, Joseph Leffingwell, was born in Norwich, Conn., and was a lineal descendant of Lieut. Thomas Leffingwell, leader of the colony that founded that place. Rev. Lyman Leffingwell, father of our subject, was a farmer boy, and obtained his higher education after he had attained the age of maturity. After a long and useful ministry in the Methodist Church, he died in Knoxville, in i88o, at the age of 71. When a youth, Charles Wesley Leffingwell pre- pared for Yale College, by attending Temple School, New Haven, but entered the Sophomore Class of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. His health being somewhat impaired by close application to study, he came to this State, whither his parents had preceded him. Soon after his arrival here, and when but 17 years of age, he engaged in teaching, having 60 pupils under his charge near Dundee, Kane County. He afterward taught one season in the Military Listi- tute, at Kirkwood, Mo., and then went to Galveston, Texas, in company with Rev. Benjamin Eaton, with whom he lived for several years. While there he held the position of Deputy Surveyor of the city and county, and taught a select school. At the com- mencement of the War, in 186 1, he returned to this State, and matriculated at Knox College, Galesburg, where he graduated with honors in June, 1862. From his Alma Mater he received in 1875 the hon- orary degree of Doctor of Divinity. On the 23d of July, 1862, Dr. Leffingwell was united in marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of John Francis, formerly of Kent, England, and at that time a resident of Chautauqua County, N. Y., a real estate dealer and Notary Public. Mr. Leffing- well soon after became Vice-Principal of the Mili- tary Institute at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., being under Mr. C. B. Warring. At the expiration of three years he began to prepare for .the Episcopal ministry, un- der Rev. Dr. Traver, of Poughkeepsie, and com- pleted his theological course in the seminary at Nashotah, Waukesha Co., Wis., where he graduated in 1867, receiving the degree of B. D. After his or- dination by Bishop Whitehouse, having served four months as assistant to Rev. Dr. Rylance, of St. James' Church, Chicago, he was elected tutor at the Nasho- tah Theological Seminary. While a student there he had supported himself and family by organizing and conducting a select school, which he continued to carry on successfully while a tutor in the seminary. Before a year had expired he was called from his tutorship to establish and take charge of a diocesan school for girls in Knoxville, this State, and accord- ingly St. Mary's School was opened on Monday in Easter Week, A. D. 1868. The school building as it then stood was offered to the diocese on condition that a boarding and day- school be established and successfully maintained for a period of five years. Under Mr. Leffingwell's con- trol the school within four years outgrew its accom- modations, and received from Hon. James Knox, LL. D., a gift of $10,000 for the enlargement of the building. Li addition to this sum about $4,000 was contributed by the Church, -and $12,500 was ad- vanced by the Rector for the improvement of the property. The building was completed and liberally furnished with everything requisite to make the school successful and attractive. Early on the morning of Jan. 4, 1883, St. Mary's School building and all its contents were consumed by fire, but all the pupils were successfully removed without the loss of life. During the same month, be it said to the credit of him who was at the head of \ -t" ■ )r^ ■ X^NOX COUNTY. JU 843 4-^ the institution, the school reopened in Ansgari Col- lege building, to which an annex 25x100 feel had been constructed and furnished in 20 days. The new St. Mary's building was begun in May, 1883, and in October of that year the school reopened, thoroughly equipped. St. Mary's School is known throughout the entire country, and has continued to receive the commend- ation of the bishops and clergy, with assurance of approval from many patrons in various parts of the country. The school now numbers 125 pupils, about 100 of whom board in the institution. There are at this writing 16 officers and teachers, and about 20 domestics employed. The business of the school involves the expenditure of §40,000 annually. In 1879 Dr. Leffingwell became editor and pro- prietor of the Living Church, a weekly religious news- paper printed at Chicago, and the organ of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, and has since conducted that paper with signal success, residing the while at Knoxville. The pajjer has now the largest circula- tion of any paper in the Episcopal Church. Dr. and Mrs. Leffingwell have become the parents of seven children — Anna and Bertha, who died in infancy, and Alice, Warring, Ernest, Hortense and Gertrude, living. . . " coo ' eorge Ijoy, foreman of the car blacksmith shops of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., of Galesburg, was born near Emmittsburg /K' Frederick Co., Me., Sept. 17, 1823. His par- ents were George and Lxjuisa (Shattuck) Loy^ of Maryland, who came of a long line of an- cestry in that State. Mr. Loy is descended from a family of artisans, many of whom are well known in that capacity in the East. He completed his trade in his native State, and ujXjn attaining the age of manhood, he went West and located at Mount Gil- ead, Ohio, where for seven years we find him suc- cessfully occupied. Again he was attacked with the Western fever,- and removed to Iowa, where he spent about seven years at Mount Pleasant. In 1862 he came to Galesburg, and after working for the Frost Manufacturing Company for two years, accepted a position with the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., and has been worthily connected wi'h that corpora- lion since that time. George Loy formed a matrimonial alliance in Pennsylvania, the lady of his choice being Miss Elizabeth Plank. Mr. and Mrs. Loy liave had born to them a son and two daughters, namely. Levy Plank, S. Alice R. and Amanda A. E., and have buried S. Alice R. Mr. Loy and family attend the Presbyterian Church, and he is a worthy Mason and Odd Fellow. .dward J. Tyler, too young a man in years to have made much personal history, is yet ^1^^' by reason of his enterprise and marked in- dustry entitled to representation in these pages. \ At the head of one of Galesburg 's most meri- j torious manufacturing enterprises, and one in- deed that should be of the highest interest to the people of Knox County, the business card presented by Mr. Tyler reads briefly as follows : " The Gales- burg Plating Works manufactures the finest quality of quadruple-plated flatware, and restores old and worn plated goods to the semblance and worth of new. Factory, 29 North Kellogg street, Galesburg, III." In speakmg of the factory, the Galesburg Plain- dealer says : " These works were originally estab- lished about a year ago, but during that short time have rapidly come to the front for finely executed and satisfactory work, and to-day control all of the trade in this line that formerly went to foreign cities. These works are thoroughly equipped for all branches of work in this line, and have established a reputa- tion that reflects the highest credit upon the pro- prietor. It has been the aim of Mr. Tyler, the owner, to turn out nothing but the best of work, such as he is willing to have his name follow in the way of a guarantee. He has never catered for inferior or cheap work, and has succeeded in establishing a trade that is bound to still further magnify itself in the future. He makes a specialty of new work, the latest pat- terns of flatware, such as knives, forks, sixwns, but- ter-knives and sugar-shells, which he sells at whole- sale prices. And all work is fully warranted. Ornaments for old stoves are plated to look like new, while the same may be said of old tableware. The nickel plating is not excelled in the country, and is guaranteed against any imperfections. A special feature is replating old band- instruments, in which line he does a large business. He does all kinds of T^ ^^4": 844 XNOX COUNTY. =A jobwotk, and in everything makes the charges rea- sonable and guarantees entire satisfaction. He en- joys large patronage in all departments, and it is but a merited compliment to say that his work is first- class in every respect. The works are located at No. 29 North Kellogg street, are run by steam and are supplied with all the modern improvements for conducting the business." In addition to the plating works, Mr. Tyler owns and manages one of the largest and best equipped barber shops in Galesburg. It is located at No. 36 South Prairie street ; lighted by electricity and manned by a force of artists in their line. The subject of this sketch is a native of Kno.x County, and has been educated at the public schools at Galesburg. He was born April 11, 1857; left home at the age of 20, learned the barber's trade in this city, and in 1877 opened a shop of his own. In all his business undertakings Mr. Tyler has been successful. He began life without a penny, not a cent has ever been given him, and at this writing, though only a few years have elapsed, he finds him- self fairly on the road to a competency. He owns some fine property in the city, carries a handsome bank account, and is rapidly growing into financial independence. Such is the result of a small bus- iness properly managed, and by comparison, if Giles- burg be not an e.xception to the rule, probably shows some young men who have started in life as the heads of great enterprises and backed by thousands of capital to a disadvantage. Moral, man makes the business, not business the man. One of the commendable features of rhe life of Mr. Tyler, and one that any young man might proudly boast of, is that he has never swallowed a drop of intoxicating liquor or used tobacco in any form. llpySllfred H. Bliek, Recorder of College City t Lodge, No. 214, A. O. U. W., and salesman in the noted dry goods houseof G. A. Mur- doch, Galesburg, 111., is a native of Stroud, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. He I was born July 27, 1846, and came to America in 1869. He was educated in England, and there served an apprenticeship at the dry goods trade, something unheard of in this country. His first po- sition in this country was as a clerk in a large dry goods house on Broadway, New York, where he re- mained about eight months, coming thence direct to Galesburg, he having made arrangements with Mr. G. A. Murdoch, as salesman, and with whom he has since remained. In 1882, at the organization of College City Lodge, No. 214, A. O. U. W., of which he was a charter member, he was chosen their Recorder, which posi- tion he has since held. Mr. A. H. Blick was.married on Thanksgiving Day, 1872, at the Episcopal Church in this city, to Miss Marion Dick, also a native of England, and their children are named respectively Alfred James, Ber- tha Elizabeth and Dick Ernest Blick. F. Starr was born at Vestervik, Sweden, .•\pril 10, 1838, and came to America in ^^^°^^ I S60, landing at Galesburg August 10 of that J.j^ year. His parents died in the old country lig^ when he was but a child, and as they left no 1 fortune he was dependent thereafter upon hisV; own efforts for a livelihood. The common schools of Sweden afforded him a pretty thorough education in his native language, and since coming to America < he has not been derelict in the study of English. While a youth, Mr. Starr learned the trade of a shoemaker, and it may truthfully be said that he has since " stuck to his last." While at St. Paul, Minn., in the fall of 1864, he enlisted as a private soldier in Co. C, ist Minn. Vol. Inf., and served till the close of the war. From first to last he was with his regiment and took part in their every service. The regiment was connected with the Army of the Potomac and saw much of the terrible struggles of that department. At the close of the war the members returned to St. Paul, were mus- tered out, and Mr. Starr soon afterward came to Galesburg and resumed work under an old employer. Close attention to business, strict sobriety and rea- sonable economy have with Mr. Starr, as with all others who have practiced these virtues, brought their reward. On Oct. 24, i860, at the city of Galesburg, Mr. Starr was married to Miss Wilhelmina Cedarholm, who with her parents came to America in the same ship that brought Mr. Starr first to our shores. \ -t-- -(^ • . .V. .~ KNOX COUI^TY. 845 The two children born to ihem are named respect- ively Minnie and John Frederick. The family are consistent members of the Swedish Methodist Epis- copal Church, and Mr. S. is a Select Knight in the A. O. U. W. .kapt. Benjamin F. Holeomb, Justice of the Peace. The subject of this sketch was lx>rn at Westport, N. Y., July 24, 21. His parents, Dr. Diodorous and Sylvia (Loveland) Holcorab, were natives of the States of Vermont and New York respectively, and of English and Welsh extraction. They reared to man and womanhood ten sons and five daughters, and buried two infants. Dr. Holeomb was a sur- geon in the War of 1812-14, and practiced his pro- fession as long as he lived. He was a prominent member of the Methodist Church. He buried his i \ wife in 1839, at the age of about 50 years; he lived to be upward of 80 years of age, dying in Essex County, N. Y., in i860. )► B. F. Holeomb was educated reasonably well at the common schools and academy in his native coun- ty, and when about 16 years of age began clerking in a store at Whitehall, N. Y. He subsequently learned the tailoring trade. In 1844 he set up a merchant tailoring establishment for himself, in Schroon, N. Y. ; in 1848 he returned to his native town and remained until 1855, at which time he came to Galesburg, where he was employed as " cutter " for the succeeding three years. In the spring of 1859 he was elected City Treasurer, which office he resigned in July, 186 r, to enter the United States Army. September isi, of that year, he was mus- tered in as Captain of Co. K, 45ih 111. Vol. Inf , and served for three years and four months. Early I in July, 1862, he was placed by detachment as an Aid-de-Camp upon Gen. Logan's staff, from which he was transferred, in the fall of 1863, to Gen. Leggett's staff, where he remained until he left the service. Before his detachment upon staff duty he participated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh, receiving at the last named engagement a gunshot wound in his right side, which removed liim from duty about three months, and from which he never fully recovered. Subsequently he took part in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Big Black, the siege of Vicksburg, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Sherman's march to the sea. Leaving the service at the close of the war at Savannah, Ga., in 1865, he then returned to Galesburg, and for 16 consecutive years discharged the duties of Constable, three years of the time filling also the office of Deputy Sheriff. In :882 he entered into a contract with the authorities for furnishing lights and lamps for the outskirts of the city, to which he has since devoted much of his time. In April, 1885, the people by a large majority placed him in the office of Justice of the Peace, where he will be found, proba- bly, in the spring of 1889. May 14, 1844, Mr. Holeomb was married in Essex County, N. Y..10 Miss Elizabeth A. Towner, a native of St. Johns, Canada East, and of their eight chil- dren we have the following brief memoranda : Wat- son T. is an ornamental and landscape painter, at Dillon, Mon.; Theodore C. is a ranch-owner in Kingman County, Kan. ; Edwin P. is a fanner in Rice County, Kan. ; Arthur B. is a locomotive fire- man on the C, B. & Q. R. R.; Ella A. is the widow of Mr. C. C. Converse; Frances I., Mrs. Eugene S. Regnier; Libbie M., Mrs. L A. Greenwood, of Galesburg, 111., and Hattie P., Mrs. L. G. Mair, of Kingman County, Kan. Capt. Holeomb is a member of the G. .A. R., and politically votes with the Republican party. ^ -^1^- -ES- avid Spenee, Superintendent of the foun- ,„ dry department of the G. W. Brown & Co. " Corn-Planter Works, at Galesburg, was y.f born at Moncton, New Brunswick, Jan. 8, Ti 1844, and was one of the nine children (six } sons and three daughters) of James and Catherine Spenee, also natives of New Brunswick. Our subject learned the trade of a molder in his native place, and from 1862 to 1864 was employed in some of the largest foundries in Boston. Before aceepring his present position, which he did April 15, 1882, he was one year Superintendent of the Metro- politan Railway Shops; one year Superintendent of the Sturdevant Blower Works foundry ; one year Superintendent of the New England Glass Burial Case Company, of Thompson ville, Conn. ; ten years Superintendent of the .Amherst (Nova Scotia) Stove ^^ A 846 KA'^OX CO UN TV. and Machine Works; and from 1876 to 1880, in- clusive, was proprietor and manager of the D. Spence & Co. Stove and Machine Works, Annapolis, Nova Scotia. Mr. Spence was married at Chelsea, Mass., Dec. 24, 1863, to Miss Margaret Jost, a native of Nova Scotia, and daughter of Rev. J. V. Jost, native of Nova Scotia, pastor of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. His eldest son, D. Waller Spence, at this writing (January, 1886) is attending Jefferson Med- ical College, Philadelphia, and has for the past two years been an officer of the McLean Insane Asylum, Somerville, Mass. His daughter, Florence E., is at- tending college at Galesburg. Mr. Spence is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and holds an official position in the Independent Order of Good Templars. j^'ohn M. Sipes. There are many success- ful and well-to-do farmers in Knox County, and the township of Lynn certainly has its quota. Prominent among those who have ob- tained success in life through their own energy and perseverance is the subject of this notice, residing on section 2, Lynn Township, where he is engaged in his chosen vocation, together with that of the raising of stock, giving special attention to Holstein cattle and a high grade of swine. Mr. Sipes came to this county in 1862, since which time he has been a resident of Lynn Township. He owns a good farm of 130 acres, on which he has good improvements, and his land is under an ad- vanced state of cultivation. John M. Sipes was born in Fulton Co., Pa., Jan. 31, 1840. His father, John Sipes, was a farmer by vocation, and a native of Pennsylvania, of German ancestry. In Bedford County, that State, her native place, the father of our subject married Mary Barton. After the father's marriage, he was, for some years, engaged in farming in Bedford County, and while a resident there was elected three terms to represent the people of that county in the State Legislature. He was a gentleman of considerable ability, and possessed the happy faculty of making and retaining friends wherever he resided. He was a strong Democrat, and was an active worker for the success of that party until his death. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He came to this county in 1857, but located over the line, at Galva, in close proximity to which place the father engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died on his fine homestead Jan. 14, 1881, aged 82 years. The mother still survives, and is living with the sub- ject of this notice. She has attained the venerable age of 88 years, and is stouter and more healthy than many of her sex at 40. Mr. Sipes was 17 years of age when his parents came to this State, and had received his education in the common schools prior to that time. He lived with his parents in this county until his marriage, which took place in Henry County, Dec. 20, 1876, Miss Emma A. Hayward becoming his wife. She was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, Sept. 11, 1852 and was a daughter of O. G. and M. Hayward, natives of Ohio. Her parents were married in that State and came to Illinois about 1855, settling in Victoria Township, this county. Later they moved to Walnut Grove Township, and still later to Henry ' County. They now reside in Newton, Harvey Co., Kan. Mrs. Sipes received a good education in her early years, and at the age of 22 began the pro- fession of teaching, which she followed until her marriage. She has borne her husband four children, one of whom is deceased. The record is as follows: John H., William F., Mary O., and Charlie, de- ceased. Both heads of the family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Sipes is School Trustee of his township, and in politics a Democrat. #^ — §: eter Erickson, a first-class locomotive en- gineer of the C, B. & Q. R. R., lives in (Vfir'i^ Galesburg. He was born in Sweden, Nov. 13, 1839, and with his parents, Erick and Annie (Peterson) Erickson, came to America in 1854. The father of Mr. Erickson was a hard-working farmer, and after coming to this coun- try made a nice home for his family, consisting of four sons and thiee daughters. Peter was on the farm until 17 years of age, when he began to work on the C, B. & Q. R. R. as an engine-wiper. At the end of three months he went to firing, and at the expiration of three years he was placed in chaige of an engine. He made his first *t OF THE l::!versity of illiv-i --^ KNOX COUNTY. 849 run as engineer in 1S61, and since July of that year has pulled nothing but passenger trains. He has had but three accidents and never killed a pas- senger. Twenty-eight miles west of Ottumwa, Iowa, in the summer of t869, his engine, with himself and fireman, fell through Coal Creek bridge, a distance of 28 feet, and into a seething flood that completely submerged the locomotive, carrying the brave en- gineer to the bottom, where he remained he never knew how long. When he recognized himself he was clinging to a willow, with nothing upon his person except his boots, one shirt-sleeve and his vest. At this writing (July, 1886) Mr. Erickson is pulling the celebrated fast mail, every alternate day, between Galesburg and Ottumwa, running about 3,000 miles per month. He is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, a Knight of Pythias, and, with his family, belongs to the Lutheran Church. He was married Nov. II, 1865, to Miss Ella Swanson, at Galesburg, and their living children are Anna Elnora, Hattie Olivia, Lillie Esther. Fannie E. died at the age of one year and a half, and Arthur T. at the age of eight years. en. Philip Sidney Post, whose portrait we give on the op[X)site page, is a native of Orange County, N. Y., and was born March 19, 1833. He is a son of Gen. Peter Schuyler Post, a soldier of 18 12. His mother, before marriage, was Mary Coe, and like his father was a native of New York State. The Posts came from Holland originally and the Coes from England. The senior Gen. Post was a farmer by occupation. He married Miss Coe in Rockland County, N. Y., in 1820, and of the two sons born to them Philip Sid- ney was the younger. The family came to Gales- burg in 1854, and here the father died in 1861. His mother is yet living, at the age of 86 years, and re- sides with her son. The youth of the subject of our sketch was spent at school, and he graduated with honors from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in the Class of 1855. He afterward^ was a student at the Poughkeepsic (N. Y.) Law School. He subsequently began the practice of his profession at Wyandotte, Kan. At the ir 3fc^ outbreak of the war he came to Galesburg, entered the service of the United States, and became Second Lieutenant of Co. A, 59th 111. Vol. Inf. From Second Lieutenant he was promoted to First Lieutenant and Adjutant, then to Major, Colonel and finally to Briga- dier-General, in wliich capacity his name is linked and identified with the history of our country, and will go down to posterity immortalized in the printed pages detailing the incidents of the great American conflict. Wiiile in the service he participated in many of the hardest-fought battles in the South and South- west. He was at Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Nolensville, the TuUahoma campaign, Chick- amauga, the Atlanta campaign and many other minor engagements not designated in history as reg- ular battles. At Lovejoy Station, the last battle in the Atlanta campaign. Gen. Post had charge of a division, which he handled so skillfully as to earn for himself honorable mention. After reco ering from the wound received at Nashville he was stationed at San Antonio, Texas, where he had command of 16 regiments of infantry. He left the military service in February, 1866. Immediately after the terrible battle of Nashville Gen. George H. Thomas filed at the War Deparment a special report earnestly recommending Gen. Post's appointment as Colonel of the regular army. He said : " Gen. Post is an active, energetic and intelligent officer, and his bravery in battle is beyond question His capability and efficiency as a commander of troops has been fully demonstrated." In a similar report addressed to the Secretary of War by his corps commander, Gen. Post's military record is thus reviewed : " I most respectfully and earnestly recommend Brig. Gen. Philip Sidney Post as Colonel in the regular army of the United States. Gen. Post entered the army as a Second Lieutenant, but soon rose by his superior merits to Major. He commanded his regiment in the obstinately fought battle of Pea Ridge and was severely wounded. Shortly after that battle he was promoted Colonel of his regiment. Re- turning to the field, even before his wound was re- covered, he rejoined his regiment in front of Corinth and was placed in command of a brigade. From that time to the end of the war Gen. Post's career was an unbroken terra of arduous service, useful labor and --♦ ■A 850 /S^JV^OX COUNTY. brilliant actions. He participated honorably in some of the most obstinately contested battles and glorious victories of the war. In the great battle and decisive triumph of Nashville, Gen. Post's brigade did more hard fighting and rendered more important service than any like organization in the army. In the grandest and most vigorous assault that was made on the enemy's intrenchments, near the close of the fighting on the second day, Gen. Post fell, and, as it was at first supposed, mortally wounded, at the head of his brigade, leading it to the onslaught. A discharge of grape instantly killed his horse under him and tore away a portion of his left hip. I know of no officer of Gen. Post's grade who has made a better or more brilliant record." On the re-organization of the army the Secretary of War informed Gen. Post of these recommendations and that they were favorably considered, but as peace was then established he decided not to remain in the military service. Immediately after leaving the army Gen. Post was appointed to the foreign service. The following let- ter from the Department of State fully explains the character and nature of that service, and the reputa- tion made therein during a period of over 13 years : "Dep.\rt.ment of State, I Washington', March 19, 1881. j "Gen. Philip S. Post, Galesburg, 111. — Sir: Your letter of the 17th inst., requesting a brief statement respecting your reputation and standing as an officer in the consular service, has been received. In reply I have to say that it gives me great pleasure to com- ply with the request. It appears from the records of the Department that you entered the consular service in 1866 as Consul at Vienna; that you were pro- moted for your ability and fidelity to be Consul-Gen- eral at that place in 1874, and that you retired from the service by resignation, in 1879. An examination discloses that many important duties, in addition to the more formal business of your office, were en- trusted to you during your long connection with the Department, and they were performed in a manner that commanded its approval and commendation. Your reputation in the service and your character as a representative of the Gover.iment were known to the Department and in the service, and to the high opinion entertained of your standing by my prede- cessor and the officers of the Department may be added the testimony of your colleagues and my own personal and official acquaintance with the reputation which distinguished your career abroad. It was a subject of much regret that circumstances compelled your resignation, but in your retirement from the service you carried with you the regard and esteem of the Department, and the character of an intelli- gent, capable and trusted officer of the Government. "I am, General, your obedient servant, "John Hay, "Assistant Secretary." Gen. Post returned to Galesburg in 1880, and since 1883 has been engaged in real estate. He was promi- nently mentioned among the contestants for nomina- tion to congressional honors, in 1884. At no time in his life could it truthfully be said that Gen. Post has been a politician, a wire -worker or a time-server. When the people of the district shall come to think that the army record and civil life of Gen. Post warrant his election as their serv- ant in any public trust commensurate with his abilities, then, and not till then, may it be said that he is a candidate for office. Gen. Post has accumulated in his life no pecuniary fortune. As Colonel and brigade commander, and as foreign representative, he received no such salary as would enable him to store up wealth. Instead of making money his army life naturally produced a contrary result. Though contrary to our rule, forbidding con- clusions in reference to living men in biography, the writer knows that he can truthfully say that Gen. Post is a scholar of rare attainments, and at all times and under all circumstances a gentleman. Sometime in 1878, a prominent Southerner, trans- mitting some papers to Gen. Post, from Kentucky, took occasion to say in his letter, among other things : " In the hour spent at my house, as Buell's army was passing, in the fall of 1862, you taught me by your gentlemanly bearing and general discourse to lay aside my sectional aspersions for the time, and do homage to the high personal attributes and lib- eral sentiments so signally manifested by you on that occasion." A Chicago Times editorial, of March 28, 1874, is here reproduced in further corroboration of the fore- going conclusions of the writer : "The American Consul at Vienna is an impetuous son of Illinois, of more service to the country in a month than many in a year. Free from humbuggery and devoid of the nonsense of affectation, he has a 1^ - fci i . . <- . KNOX COUNTY. 851 cheery greeting alike for the traveling millionaire and the penniless sailor." Gen. Post takes no stock in shams. He believed in fighting the battles for the Union while there was an armed foe, and with " the fury of the non-com- batants," of whom the late Gen. Grant spoke as hav- ing gone into the fight too long after the war was over, he has but little sympathy. He is a plain, ever^'day sort of a man, with many original ideas, which he always expresses elegantly, but, like Dick- ens, in a language that all can comprehend. As a public speaker he ranks high, his language being choice and elegant, logic clear and forcible and his manner pleasing, and the deep conviction he has of the sentiments uttered carries with him the feelings and sentiments of his hearers. Had we the space we could make many choice literary selections from his speeches. He has been the distinguished orator at many noted gatherings and always wins great favor and applause. Gen. Post is a married man. He married, May 24, 1866, Miss Cornelia A. Post, daughter of Hon. Wm. . T. Post, of Elmira, N. Y. Their children are Har- '. riette H., Philip Sidney and Wm. Schuyler. He attends the Episcopal Church, is Knight Templar in Masonrj', meraber-at-large of the Republican State Central Committee, and Commander of the Depart- ment of Illinois, Grand Army of the Republic. •<««22>®^-— ^^^^^^4— ^^SXZOTV |!t_ W. Lindquist came to Galesburg direct from Christianstadt, Sweden, in 1869, and has here since followed his trade, that of a blacksmith, which he learned in his native country. He was born Oct. 10, 1843. His mother came with him to America, and is liv- ing here at this writing (January, 1886). The Lind- quists, that is, the immediate family of the subject of this sketch, are now and have been for genera- tions remarkable for their physical proportions. J. W. is himself a Hercules; his father was of ordinary size; his brothers are powerful men, and his grand- father, who by the Swedish system of naming was known as Swan Jos, was about seven feet tall, broad and muscular in prop>- ■•o*«—®^X'1@-<>*<' S^— ^/■a;9,apt. James L. Burkhalter, President tji ^^^ of the Farmers' Bank of Galesburg, and \)%P "*■ Treasurer of Knox County, is the son of , David and Marion (Marks) Burkhalter. He was born in AUentown, Pa., April rs, 1835, and was the eldest in a family of seven sons and four daughters. His parents were of German descent and in their home spoke only the language of their ancestry, so their children learned no En- glish until they were old enough to attend school. The names of the brothers and sisters were Henry P., Savina, David F., Susan E., William, Mary A., Wayne, John, Anna E. and Charles AL Henry P. and Wayne are deceased ; Susan E. became the wife of William Smythe and they have one son — William B. ; William married Miss Clara Beard, and they are the parents of three children ; John married Miss Anna Carkhuff. The balance of the children reside on the old homestead. James L. Burkhalter was educated at the Saegers- town Academy, taught school a short time and studied law with a view to professional life. From some cause, however, he abandoned this idea and went to Meadville, Pa., and there worked at the car- penter's trade until he was 21 years of age. He ^ -"-5* A HH- 854 jirj\rox COUNTY. landed at Galesburg in April, 1856, where he prose- cuted his trade until the outbreak of the Civil War. After visiting various places he settled down at Ma- quon, and July 18, 1862, he received a commission from Gov. Yates, authorizing him to raise a company of volunteers. As recruiting officer, he raised Co. F for the 86th 111. Vol. Inf and Co. G for the 83d 111. Vol. Inf In camp at Peoria, Aug. 27, 1862, he was placed in command of Co. F, 86th Reg., and served his country faithfully and well until June, 1865. He was on the staff of Gen. Dan. McCook at the time that officer was killed, and was subse- quently on the staffs of Gens. Davis and Morgan, discharging in the meantime the various duties of Provost Marshal, Adjutant-General, Inspector-Gen- eral, etc. During his whole connection with the army he was never absent from the post of duty. At the siege of Atlanta, while on the staff of Gen. Mor- gan, and acting as one of the topographical engi- neers, he was captured by a guerrilla, but his Orderly, observing the situation, rushed upon the " reb " with a force that changed his victory into defeat, and in less than two minutes the whilom captor was being led captive into the lines of the Union Army. While acting as staff officer on the staff of Gen. Morgan, at Bentonville, N. C, the Captain, while carry- ing dispatches, was compelled to cross a swamp, wading in water up to his waist, under the fire of both armies, and, strange to say, he almost miraculously escaped unharmed. Capt. Burkhalter left the army with the commis- sion of Major, but, faihng to muster as such, he feels that he is scarcely entitled to that rank. At the close of the war he returned to Maquon, where he was for several years engaged in the lumber business, carrying on in the meantime the work of contractor and builder, and accumulating from various sources quite a sum of money. He became a stockholder and Director in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank in 1882, and in January following was chosen President of that concern. While a citizen of Maquon he held the office of Police Magistrate for 16 years. He was elected Treasurer of Knox County in 1875, and re-elected in 1877, 1879 and in 1882. He has long been recognized as an able Republican worker, and has represented that party as member of the County Central Committee for 12 years. He moved into Galesburg in 1884, where he has since resided. Capt. Burkhalter is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and A. F. & A. M., Eminent Commander of Gales- burg Commandery, No. 8, and member of Peoria Consistory. He was married at Maquon, Dec. 2, 1858, to Martha E. Adle, native of Genesee County, N. Y., and of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. B. have become the parents of eight children, namely ; Charles F., Henry L., James, Dessie, John, Nellie, Robert and Alvin P. Charies F. married Miss Osa Hoffman, daughter of James D. and Sarah Hoffman. They have one child, named James. armon Brown. The gentleman whose name heads this history is the son of Alfred G. and Mary (Murdoch) Brown, natives of Kentucky. He is a prominent farmer on sec- tion 30, of Henderson Township. His parents married and first settled in Breckenridge Coun- ty, Ky., and thence emigrated to Knox County, 111. It was about the fall of 1830 when they took ' up their abode in Henderson Township, where they lived up to the date of their demise. His father died Oct. 8, 1865 ; the mother on March 29, 1869. ' They had a very interesting family of children, ten in number, of whom our subject was the third in order of birth, all of whom arrived at the age of man and womanhood except one which died in in- fancy. Alfred Brown, a younger brother, enlisted in the 82d 111. Vol. Inf., under Col. McMurtry. He received an honorable discharge. Harmon Brown was born in Breckenridge County, Ky., Nov. 28, 1825, and was only five years old when he came with his parents to Knox County. His early life was spent at home, and during this period he received a good common- school education. He sub- sequently attended Knox College for nearly three years, and on leaving that institution crossed the plains to California, with a drove of cattle. He was absent from home for 18 months, when he returned via the Isthmus to New York, and then to Illinois. Not long after this he became associated with W. A. Wood, in the grain trade, and they afterward engaged in general mercantile pursuits. He remained in the grain and mercantile business for four years before selling out. Six years later, during which interim he resided at Galesburg, he returned to Henderson Township, where he has since been occupied in farm- ing, and is now the owner of 165 acres of good land, *^ ■4- ^ --♦ KNOX COUNTY. 85s all of which is valuable and the greater portion till- able. He was married in Kelly Township, Warren Co., 111., June 19, 1856, to Mary S. Adcock, daughter of George C. and Narcissa H. (Christian) Adcock. His wife's grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier and fought under Washington when only 15 years old. He was one of those noble old-time men who sought honor first, believing that all other good things would follow. His demise took place at the advanced age of 84 years. The parents of Mrs. Brown were na- tives of Virginia. In 1S42 they came to Warren County, 111., and settled in Kelly Township, where the old gentleman died Jan. 11, 1866. His wife still survives him. By their happy union four children were bom, of whom Mrs. Brown was the second. Her birth took place in West Virginia. Dec. 26, 1834. The subject of this biography is a gentleman of quiet demeanor and broad common sense. He is not an aspirant to office, though nevertheless care- fully observing all movements in his vicinity affect- ing the public welfare. Mr. Brown was Deputy Sheriff under S. W. Brown, during the years 1850- 51. S. W. Brown, an uncle of Harmon Brown, now lives in Vancouver, Washington Ter. He was ap- pointed Land Receiver by Abraham Lincoln, with headquarters at the above place. Harmon Brown, for several years, has held the office of School Director and Trustee, a post to which his talents are eminently adapted. He is a leading member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he is in e.xcellent standing. He is a member of Vesper Lodge, No. 584, Galesburg; Horeb Chapter, No. 4, Rio. As a Republican and earnest politician he has from time to time displayed a discretion which has been favorably appreciated by his co-workers in pol- itics. U'ohn A. Leighton. K goodly numberof the prominent and respected citizens of Knox County, as well as wealthy farmers, came hither from Scotland. Of this nationality is the subject of this notice, residing on section 13, Sparta Township, where he is actively en- gaged as an agriculturist. He was born Feb. 10, 1829, of William and Isabelle (Ironside) Leighton, likewise natives of Scotland. Tie parents emigrated to the United States in 1834, and for four years were residents of New York City, where his father was engaged for two years as a clerk in a wholesale store, the firm being Chalmers, Jones & Hizer, after which he was employed by Horace Greeley as bookkeeper, and worked for him two years at that occupation. Mr. Greeley probably gave him the same advice which he subsequently made public : "Go West, young man, and grow up with the country," for in August, 1838, we find Mr. Leighton settled at Knoxville, where he had previously pur- chased a farm, and on his arrival settled on it and diligently engaged in its labors, hoping that the plow would prove more remunerative than the pen, and such indeed proved to be true, at least in his case. He remained on this place for two years, when he removed to the old Knox farm and there lived for two years. He then returned to New York City and clerked for the same dr\' goods firm he had formerly worked for, and remained with them a little over a year. Returning to this county, he engaged in the mercantile trade at Knoxville, which he fol- lowed for eight years, when he sold out and moved to his farm on section 12, Copley Township. He had by this time become the owner of 900 acres of land, all in a body, and on this he lived and labored until his death, in t86i, his wife ha%'ingdied in 1836. He formed a second matrimonial alliance in 1839, and the wife died in [867. Mr. L. had a family of six children — John, Mary A , James, Lockhart, Will- iam and Charles. Lockhart died in 1840, and Charles in 1853. James was killed in the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863, holding, at the date of his death, the position of Major in the 42d 111. Vol. Inf. John A. Leighton lived with his parents until he attained the age of manhood, prior to which time he was engaged in working on the farm and teaming from his home to Chicago and Peoria, and, when o^ portunity would permit,attendingthe common schools. After leaving the parental roof-tree, he rented a farm on section 16, Copley Township, which he continued to cultivate until he purchased 160 acres on section 17, of the same township. He was married in 1850 to Miss Jessie Russell. In 1864 he made an ex- change with his brother William for his interest in the old homestead, which he now owns, and on which HlxfU =^4^ 856 KNOX COUNTY. he is living at this writing. In 1854 Mt. Leighton built a steam saw-mill on his farm, which cost him $3,000. In 1869 he engaged in the hardware busi- ness at Oneida village, and continued in mercantile pursuits for five years. He then disposed of his business, and since that time has been engaged in fetock-raising, his specialty being horses. Mr. Leighton has a fine farm of 365 acres, and in both branches of his vocation is meeting with that success which energy and perseverance are sure to bring. He is a Republican in politics, and has held the office of Road Commissioner, and also of Consta- ble and School Director, for 10 years. Mr. and Mrs. Leighton became the parents of four children, whom they named Isabelle, William, Ellen and Jessie. The wife died in 1859, and Mr. Leighton was a second time married, when Mrs. Jane Brant became his wife, March 21, i860. She is a daughter of David and Margaret (Gregg) Young, natives of Scotland. Her parents came to America in 1833, and located in Canada, where they lived one year, when they went to New York City, where, in 1840, her 1 father died. Her mother came to this State in com- pany with Mrs. Leigliton, and died here in 1868. Of the latter union a son, James, has been born. Mr. Leighton, of whom we have given a brief bio- graphical notice, as a representative of the agricult- ural class of Sparta Township is the peer of any. His past has been an honorable one, and he is to-day one of the respected and foremost citizens, not only of his township, but of Knox County. ««J2£e'©^-' -^^wrroiv. ^ohn E Erickson, of the firm of Walberg & Erickson, grocers, 5 and 7 Prairie St., Gales- burg, was born in the western part of Swe- den, Aug. 1, 1854, and with his parents, Charles and Kate (Peterson) Erickson, came to Amer- ica in 1867. He had attended school in his native country, acquiring the rudiments of an educa- tion in his mother tongue, and after coming to Gales- burg applied himself to the study of the English language. He attended night schools and business college, thus fitting himself fairly for anything that he might undertake. He spent about a year and a half in Missouri, and two years in Chicago, and the rest of the time he has been in Galesburg. For several years Mr. P2rickson was employed as a clerk with Messrs. Olson & Hofflund in the grocery business, and in 1881 engaged in the enterprise now receiving his attention. He was married at Gales- burg, Oct. 23, 1881, to Miss Saverina Mellquist, a native of Sweden, and there have been born to them two children — Aloin and Frederick, and the former died at the age of two years. Mr. Erickson is a member of the A. O. U. VV., pays no attention to politics, attends strictly to his own business, and finds it profitable ; in fact, he has not only worked his own way, but has aided those nearest to him. He is known as a man of integrity, and has the confi- dence and esteem of the public. ..o*o.-@^<^-.o4o.. -H j: tto Anderson, of the firm of Peterson & Anderson, merchant tailors, Galesburg, was born in the parish of Jalaryd, State of t « SmoUan, Middle Sweden, Sept. 18, 1849. He is the son of Anders and Britta Christine (Gustafson) Johnson. The parents had a family of six sons and four daughters, of whom two sons. Otto and John, came to this country, the latter of whom is a merchant tailor of Janesville, Wis. The subject of this sketch learned his trade at Barga, Sweden, and followed it in his native land for a few years. In 1873 he came to Chicago, where he re- mained working for one year and then went to Rock Island, 111., where, after spending several months at his trade, he removed to Monmouth, this State. In 1876 he came to Galesburg, and six years later es- tablished himself in the business which he is at present following; the establishment is second to none in the city. Mr. Anderson was married in Galesburg to Miss Eva, daughter of B. J. Nelson, Esq., a builder re- siding at Galesburg. She was born in SmoUan, Sweden. Their family has been blest with a son, Joab Anders Edwin, born Feb. 7, 1883. Mr. An- derson is a pushing business man and a clever artist in his profession. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., also of the K. of P. and of the Business Men's Club of Galesburg. -N^. LIBRARY OF THE L"iVERSlTY OF ILLIN?!? (' C/I/^L^L^J ^jM ■'^ KNOX COUNTY 859 F. BessegoJe, of Galesburg, Superintend- ent of the Illinois lines of the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Green County, Wis., Nov. 19, 1847. His parents were Alexander C. and Jerusha (Norton) Resseguie, formerly of New York Stale. Mr. Resseguie com- menced railroad business with the C. & N. W. Ry. at Janesville, Wis., as telegraph operator, and was wilh this company as operator, agent and Superin- tendent's clerk 14 years. In 1878 he entered the employ of the C, B. & Q. R. R., and served as chief clerk in the offices of the Division Superintendent, General Superintendent and Vice-President, till June, 18S5, when he received his present appointment. Mr. Resseguie married at Clinton Junction, Wis., Miss E. H. Taylor. They have one son living — Lathrop A., and have buried a son and a daughter — Frank L. and Grace E. «««££'"©^'"— fr{S| ..^^WJ2f2»»v. ^IJPl^^-apt. William H. Beynolds. The broad J;jprg;^ and fertile pairies of Knox County have ^\^ afforded excellent opportunity for men to Kgi demonstrate their ability as agriculturists. (j^ There is no county in this exceptionally fine fanning State that exceeds Knox County in this respect, and the opportunity has been improved by numerous enterprising gentlemen, who to day not only can look back over a life of usefulness to the community, but are living in the enjoyment of the well-earned and valuable propeny which they now possess. Prominent among this influential class of citizens is Capt. William H. Reynolds, who resides at Galesburg. Samuel and Ann Jane (Reed) Rey- nolds, his parents, were natives respectively of South Carolina and Kentucky. William H. was born in Parke County, Ind., Dec. 29, 1829, and was seven years of age when his parents removed to Warren County, this State. The senior Mr. R. was a farmer, and at this writing (June, 1886) resides upon the farm in Floyd Township upon which he settled in 1836. William H. was educated in the. district schools and at Abingdon College. He studied law, also medicine, and really practiced the former profession for four or five years, but he was inclined to be a farmer, and as such has made his mark. He came into Knox County in 1857, and to Galesburg in 1883. He owns five fine farms in this county, one of 1,000 acres in Orange Township, and is one of the most extensive stock-breeders in this part of the State. He is a self-made man, having acquired every dollar of his propeny by his own effort and industry, and in addition to what he now has he has lost by bad loans and indorsements not less than $50,000, and §35,000 of it since 1875. During his residence in this county he has served the people from time to time as Commissioner, School Director, Supervisor, etc., but upon no occasion has sought an office of higher trust or greater emolument. August 10, 1861, Mr. Reynolds enlisted as a pri- vate in Co. D, 7th 111. Vol. Cav. At the organization of the company, however, he was made First Lieu- tenant and virtually thereafter, on account of ineffi- ciency of his superior officer, discharged the duties of Captain. He served until the final close of the war and was duly -lustered out, but from that day has never received his discharge papers. The au- thorities claim they were issued properly at the time the regiment left the service, but the Captain never saw his, and having no knowledge of their where- abouts the necessary proof or duplicates cannot be made. This places him in rather a peculiar situation, and so far appears to be a wrong without a remedy. In command of his comr.any he participated in the battles of New Madrid, Island No. 10, Corinth, etc. In and about Corinth he was on duty 30 days without relief; and at or near Coffeeville, Miss., Dec. 5, 1862 was taken prisoner and held thereafter in Jackson and Vicksburg for about tivo months. He was ex- changed and went to St. Louis, where he was in the Department of the Southwest some weeks before re- turning to the command, which he did March 5, 1863. Being taken quite ill, Capt. Reynolds left his com- pany at Memphis, Tenn. J in the autumn of 1864, and was for six months on detached duty in that city. We should not forget to state that he was regularly LAj!^ ^ 86o KNOX COUNTY. promoted to Captain in front of Corinth in the sum- mer of 1862, nor should it be omitted that while on detached duty at Memphis, in the summer of 1864, he was for a short time in command of the 9th 111. Cavalry. The gth Cavalry enjoyed the reputation of being harder to discipline than any regiment sent out from Illinois. Capt. Reynolds had made quite a reputation as a disciplinarian, and this in fact had led Gen. Grierson to order him to the command of the 9th. The men of the regiment were good fighters and they were always loyal to the cause. Capt. Rey- nolds at once promptly refused to accept the order to this command, for which subordination he was or- dered under arrest. However, the General, being a warm personal friend of the Captain, finally pre- vailed upon him to withdraw his objection, apologize for his willful conduct, and accept the responsibility. But a brief experience with the regiment was enough. Capt. Reynolds' war history , aside from that already chronicled in these pages, will be found in the record of the 7th 111. Vol. Cav. This regiment was organ- ized at Camp Butler, and was mustered into service Oct. 13, 1861. It was with Pope at Island No. 10 and New Madrid; it went up the Tennessee River in April, 1862, and opened the Corinth campaign and led in the rebel pursuit of May 30 following ; it marched first into Tuscumbia, Ala., and guarded the railroad to Decatur; it covered the retreating force to luka. Miss., in September, and there engaged the entire enemy for seven hours. On November 26 it routed 300 " Rebs " under Col. Richardson, and on December 2, 3, 4 and 5 it pursued Gen. Price through Mississippi ; at Water Valley and Springdale it repulsed the rebel cavalry, and at Coffeeville was badly defeated by the enemy ; December r6, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, it raided the country, disjoining rail- roads and bridges between Yockonapatalfa and Okolona and returned to Oxford on the 30th, having traveled almost without rest over 800 miles. Jan- uary, 1863, it was at La Grange, Tenn., and in April following in Mississippi, disjoining the enemy's com- panies. May 2, it entered Baton Rouge, having traveled another 800 miles and captured over 1,000 prisoners, and lost its Lieutenant-Colonel, Blackburn. It participated in the capture of Fort Hudson, and landed at Memphis July 28 following. In all, this regiment marched about 5,000 miles and capt- ured 3,000 prisoners. Upon his return home Capt. Reynolds engaged again in farming, to which he has since devoted his time and attention. In the political campaign of 1880 the Greenback party ran him for Congress, an honor wholly unsought by him, and though defeated it is admitted by all that he made a gallant and hon- orable fight. He canvassed the district thoroughly, made 90 speeches and manifested a strength upon the stump that surprised his friends as well as his opponents. In Orange Township, Knox County, Mr. William H. Reynolds was married June 24, 1855, to Martha M. Bundy, who died Feb. i, 1873, leaving three children, namely: Emma J., now Mrs. F. H. Peterson; William M., now mail clerk, and Minnie, now Mrs. James Rogers. The present Mrs. Rey- nolds, to whom the Captain was married at Knox- ville Nov. 25, 1873, was formerly Miss Margaret Wallace, and the children born of their union are Nellie H., Frank W. and Earnest Harrison. As a gentleman esteemed for his many commend- able traits of character, and one who is thoroughly representative of the soldierly element, as well as of the leading agriculturists of the county, the publish- ers take pleasure in presenting the portrait of Capt. *i Reynolds in this volume. It is engraved from a picture taken during the time of his military service. ^ugh C. Allen was born in County Antrim, Ireland, Nov. 30, 1834. He was a son of '^' Hugh and Sarah (Caulfield) Allen. Both parents died in Ireland. There were eight children, six of whom are living. Three of them are residents of the United States. The subject of this sketch left his native land in 1857, and came direct to Knoxville, III., and made his home with John Sloan, his brother-in-law, and re- mained with him until the breaking out of the war. In July, t86i, he enlisted for three years, as a private in Co. E, 7th Iowa Vol. Inf. The 7th Iowa was a part of the ist Brigade, 2d Division of the T6th Army Corps. Mr. Allen was wounded at the battle of Belmont, and was furloughed for thirty days ; then joined his regiment and was in the battles of Forts Henry and Donelson. On the rsth of Febru- ary, 1862, he went into the hospital, and did not re- join his command until in September of the same \ I KNOX COUNTY. 86i year, when he was discharged on account of disa- bilities. He returned home, where he remained until January, 1863, when he again joined his regiment, and participated with them in the siege of Atlanta. After the fall of the latter place, the regiment became a part of the 15th Army Corps. The command then went with Sherman in his " march to the sea," up through the Carolinas, and on to Washington, where the yth Iowa passed in general review. The regi- ment was discharged and mustered out at Daven- port, Iowa, in July, 1865. Mr. Allen returned to his home, and engaged in farming and« stock-raising, in which he still continues. On the 17th of March, 1863, the subject of our sketch was united in marriage to Miss Eliza J. McKee, a native of County Antrim, Ireland, daugh- ter of Samuel and Margaret (Sloan) McKee. She was born Sept. 27, 1844. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are the parents of seven children. Their names in the order of their birth are : Maggie M., Hugh, Sarah, Mary, Samuel, Mattie and Millicent. Both parents are members- of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically Mr. Allen is an adhereot of the Republi- can party. He is a member of Dan. McCook Post, No. 53, G. A. R., of Elmwood, 111. P. Wenquist. Among the leading bus- iness men of the thriving city of Galesburg, ^/ engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, is the subject of this biographical notice, who is a gentleman of sterling worth and integ- rity. In addition to his boot and shoe bus- iness, he is Financier of Vassar Lodge, No. 210, A. O. U. W., and Recording Treasurer of the Garfield Legion, No. 8, of the Order. Mr. Wenquist was born in Christinestadt, Finland, Dec. 17, 1847, and came to America in 1S69, land- ing at Galesburg June 6 of that year. His father, Peter Wenquist, accompanied him to this country, and resided here up to 1884, when he returned to Sweden. The subject was educated in Sweden, and there also learned the shoemaker's trade, which he has followed ever since. Since coming to America he has mastered the English language, and has made himself one of the most useful members of society. He is a self-made man; has been the recipient of no gifts or legacies; the goodly portion of this world's goods which he possesses has been acquired by his individual effort and industry. He is a Republican in politics, and is recognized by that party as a local worker of more than ordinary force and ability. On March 7, 1873, Mr. Wenquist was married, at Galesburg, to Miss Clara Carlson, a native of Swe- den, and the two childien born to them are Judith Olivia and Olfphe May. Mr. and Mrs. Wenquist have also adopted a little girl, named Annie Char- lotte, now II years of age, whom they love as ten- derly as their own. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Swedish Church, by which community they are held in high esteem. *r XL illiam O. Salisbury, Past Chief Conduct- or of Galesburg Division, No. 83, Or- jfei*y^ der of Railway Conductors ; Overseer and ■^ISj^^ Outside Sentinel of College City Lodge, No. fi' 214, A. O. U. W., and Select Commander >, Garfield Legion, No. 8, Select Knights, of the Order last named, is also a conductor on the Chicago line of the C, B. & Q. R. R., Galesburg Division He was born in Hill's Grove, McDonough County, July 22, 1851, at 6:30 A. M. His father, John Salisbury, was a native of Indiana, and his mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Owen, came from Ohio. They reared seven sons and two daugh- ters, William O. being the second son. He grew to early manhood upon his father's farm, and when not otherwise engaged slipped away a few days at a time to the old log schoolhouse, where by dint of severe application he learned to read, write and cipher. In March, 1881, he went to New Mexico in the employ of the A. & P. Railroad, but on account of his family soon came back to Galesburg. In 1870 he helped to grade and lay the track, acted as brakeman, and fired and ran the iriaterial train for the O., M. & P. R. R. out of Quincy, 111., 18 months. In 1868 he was employed as a section hand on the old T., W. & W. Railroad, and from that time it would be safe to say that he has been a railroad man, although upon two or three occasions he has since tried his hand at farming. He assisted in grading the Car- thage & Quincy 'Branch, the Keithsburg Branch, north end of the R., R. I. & St. Louis road, had ■^ ^ 862 KNOX COUNTY. charge of a section gang, and for awhile had charge of the wood-sawing machinery on the Lewistown Branch of the C, B. & Q. In May, 1872, he began braking for the latter road, but in 1873 we find him at Topeka, Kan., as yardmaster for the Santa Fe. From here he took service as brakeman with the C, R. I. & P. He soon drifted to the B. & M. R. R., and finally settled down at Galesbiirg, where, in March, 1881, he was given a train on the C, B. & Q. R. R., which he ran regularly for six years. Tirmg of the rail, he again essayed farming, but a few months of that life sufficed, and the railroad people, always glad to give a reliable man a place, once more put him in charge of a train. Our subject was united in marriage April 18, 1877, at Augusta, 111., to Susan E. Cooper. Mr. and Mrs. Salisbury have become the parents of three children, named respectively Harry Homer, Ina Josephine and Earl Owen. Mrs. Salisbury was born in New York City, March '31, 1852; she came West with her parents when quite young, and began teaching school at the age of ,J5, in Augusta; when married, she was Principal of I'a high school. She has a one-fourth interest in three dwelling-houses and four store-buildings in New York City. <=*■ _, aniel W. Flynn is a worthy representative of the sons of the Emerald Isle residing at Galesburg. He was born in the parish of Newport, in the County of Tipperary, in 1846. His parents were Patrick and Mary (Coffey) Flynn, who came to this county in 1865 and settled at Galesburg. Of their family of three sons and two daughter but two sons survive — Daniel W., our subject, and Thomas, an Inspector in the Water Works Department, Chicago. Daniel W. Flynn forsook his father's business (merchant tailoring), and apprenticed himself to learn the trade of shoemaking, which occupation he fol- lowed successfully for several years. He then abandor.ed this business and engaged in the liquor trade, with which he has since been successfully connected. Mr. Flynn was married at Galesburg, to Catherine, daughter of James Norton, Esq., .the date thereof being Jan. 20, 1873. Their union has been blest by the birth of three sons and two daughters. The record is as follows: Fra .k, George, Daniel, Cath- erine M. and Mamie. On the i 2th of October, 1883, Mrs. Flynn departed this life in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church, and is buried in the St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Cemetery. Mr. Flynn is a public-spirited citizen, an active business man and a genial and kind-hearted gentle- man, qualities which have eminently fitted him for his very successful course in life. ■^^w-vtaii^®^ „^,5;/^l^^r^r»v.•wv^. ames H. Linsley, Division Roadmaster I" of the Quincy & Burlington line of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in Canaan, Wayne Co., Pa., July II, 1823. He is the son of Dan Evelyn and Elizabeth (Hoadley) Linsley, natives of Con- necticut. The parents settled in Wayne County, coming from Connecticut in 1882, and come of a long line of ancestry in that State. In 1836 the parents of our subject removed to ^ Wayne County, N. Y., where James Linsley grew to manhood. At the age of 21 he came West and located in Michigan, where in 1848 we find him en- gaged in the railroad business, serving in the build- ing department of the Michigan Central Railway, following the building of that great thoroughfare into Chicago. He was afterward engaged with the Michigan Southern Railway, and in January, 1854, located at Princeton in connection with the building department of the present C, B. & Q. (then known as the Central Military Tract) R. R., and built the "Bureau bridges." In 1859 Mr. Linsley became infected with the gold fever, made a trip to Pike's Peak, but his golden dreams did not materialize, and he returned to professional work in Illinois. In 1865 he accepted a position in the track department of the "Q." Railroad, and came to Galesburg, where he has been in worthy official connection with the C, B. & Q. interests since. He married at Galva, in 1856, Miss Susan H., the accomplished daughter of Stephen Albro, of Galva. The union was blest with a family of two sons and a daughter: Cora Henrietta, the eldest, is a graduate of Knox College, and is the wife of George W. Thomson, attorney at law, Galesburg. Frank Evelyn is a farmer in Ne- *+ ■^ t hH- /TAOX COUNTY. 863 Dec. 14, 1845 : July 22, 1852 ; Jan. 22, 1859. i braska, and Jannes F. is a student at the Business College at Galesburg, 111. Mr. Lindsley has been a worthy official of the cor[>oration he represents, is an honored citizen and a most genial gentleman. He has reared and edu- cated his family well and been a kind husband and father. In public life he was averse to office-hold- ing, but has nevertheless served the city as Alder- man for his ward two different times. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1S55, and with his family attends the Baptist Church. armon Way. We should not fail to men- tion among the rnore important, progress- ive and practical farmers identified with Kiiox County the name of the gentleman of whom this biography is written. His home is situated on section 22 of Chestnut Township, and he is by occupation an agriculturist, and in con- nection with this branch of business carries on the }■ ' breeding and raising of stock. Our subject was born in Portage County, Ohio, Feb. 19, 1 8 15, and came to Illinois in the fall of 1841, lo- cating in Knox County, where he now lives. Mr. Way's father was born in the State of Connecticut ! and came to Ohio at an early day. He was by name David, and united in marriage with Rebecca Baldwin, and ihey both died in Ohio, at a date not exactly known. Mr. Harmon Way of this notice entered the mat- rimonial estate with Miss Elizabeth Wilson, Jan. i, 1837, in the State of Ohio. She was born in Stark County, that State, March 15, 1821, and her parents | were Charles W. and Betsy (Shelion) Wilson, the former of whom was born in England and the latter ! , I in Maryland. Both of these are now deceased, but , left eight children. Mr. and Mrs. Way have a family of nine children, eight of whom still survive, as follows : David, lx)rn I Jan. 27, 1838; Baldwin, Jan. 14, 1840; Samuel, . May 24, 1841; Andrew J, June 12, 1843; Jacob, Lewis, June 22, 1849; Harmon, Jr., j Hiram, Aug. 30, 1855; and Sonora, i Samuel, Jackson, Jacob and Bald- | win were in the late Rebellion, fighting in the Union ! army and doing a good and noble service for their ' country. Baldwin died in the full flush of his early manhood, in 1865, at Dalton, Ga., while in the serv- ice. The other three were protected from the per- ils of war and at the end of their military labors were discharged with honor from the army, living to meet their father and mother at home, after |)eace was declared. All of these children are married and prosperous. Mr. Way is one of the pioneers of this section, who has grown wealthy and influential in pursuing his own chosen path of duty. He is the possessor of 200 acres of fine land, and devotes" his time to that and the other above-named interests. When he first came into the State he spent part of his time in hunting, as he is nalurally a sportsman, and game was plentiful in the early days. Deer, wolves, wild fowl and foxes fairly flocked about him, and he considers he should exaggerate in no way if he claimed to have killed 500 deer in this county. He has also slain many wolves. Gradually he has watched the growth of the county and may pardona- bly consider himself one of its oldest and strongest pillars. Both himself and wife are Universalists in theological belief, and Mr. Way is a stanch Repub- lican, the political sentiments of which party he up- holds and defends and with which he votes. ;.enry Emrich, editor-in-chief and one of the proprietors and publishersof the Gales- burg Plaimkaler, was born near Bingen on the Rhine, Germany, Jan. 26, 1844, and was brought by his father to America in 1852. His first entry into Galesburg was in 1856, where he attended the public schools, acquiring thereat a pretty thorough education. He learned the printing business in the office of the Galesburg Free Detno- ocrat, and was there when he decided to enter the service of the United States, in January, 1862, at which time he enlisted as a private soldier in Co. H, 13th 111. Vol. Cav., and served for three years. The first year and a half of his service were spent in the saddle. He subsequently spent a year at the head- quarters of Gen. Samuel A. Rice, as Orderly, and his last six months in the same capacity under Maj. Gen. Fred Steele. Leaving the service of the United States, he stopped awhile in Quincy; thence went to Galesburg, where he was up to 1872, when he returned to < .^ ■ 4^ +4^ -I-+ KNOX COUNTY. 86s Ohio and a daughter of Martin and Rebecca Dennis, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia. They came to Illinois in 1S53 and settled in Victoria Township, where they are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have a family of nine children, named as follows : Josephine, George, Laura, Allen D., Harvey E., Maltie, Charles C, Roy and Hallah. Josephine, now Mrs. Melvin Moak, has three children — Alon- zo, Florence and Charles ; George R. married M iss Mary E. Dossett and has three children — Robert, Fred and Bertie; Laura (Mrs. Nathaniel C. Heaton) has one child — Edna. Mr. Smith is a popular, active man in the neigh- borhood, and holds many of the minor offices of his township. He is at present School Director, labor- ing for the interest of the schools. He holds the position of Pathmaster, and figures prominently among |X)pular men. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and one of its most useful members, and in politics is Democratic. D. Waste, was born in Cameron, Warren ^^^ Co., 111., June 6, 1856. He is a son of |.,|^-4g Orson and Eliza A. (Miller) Waste, the former a native of the Green Mountain State, who settled at Cameron with his father at an early day; the latter was a native of Virginia, and removed to Illinois, settling in La Salle County at an early period in the histor)' of that county, and in which place she was married to Mr. Waste. The family of Waste were for many years favor ably known in the mercantile interests of Cameron, and when the family of Orson Waste had grown up, he retired from business at that place, locating at Galesburg, in 1864. with a view to giving to his fam- ily the benefits and advantages offered by the excel- lent educational advantages of Galesburg. The subject of our sketch, after completing a good aca- demical course of training, engaged in mercantile pur- suits, with which he has since been identified in tliis city until recently. During his experience, which has been almost e.xclusively in the line of office work, he became interested in the manufacture of several inventions adapted to general oflSce use, and has (1886) severed his long connection with the well- known firm of O. T. Johnson & Co., to devote his entire attention to this business. Mr. Waste was happily married to Miss Emma, daughter of Frank G. and Adelaide (Morse) Snapp, pioneers of Warren County. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Waste has been blest by the birth of a daugh- ter, Marguerite. Mr. Waste, although a young man, has taken a prominent part in the development of the social and industrial life of his community. s ' ^ " e^ * ^— eorge W. Foote, M. D., Mayor of the city of Galesburg, and a practicing physician and surgeon of repute, is a native of Ham- ilton, Madiso'n Co., N. Y., where he was born July 4, 1S29. His father, John Foote, native of Connecticut, and of English descent, was by profession a lawyer. His mother, who before marriage was Mary B. Johnson, was born in York State. They reared four sons and five daughters ; two of the sons, of whom the subject of this sketch is the younger, are physicians. The senior Foote died at Hamilton, N. Y., in August, 1884, at the ad- vanced age of 99 years. His wife died at the same place in 1832. George W. Foote received his primary education at the common schools of his native place, which was supplemented by two years in Clinton (N. Y.) College. He began the study of medicine at Gales- burg, where he had arrived in October of the year preceding, 1849; his preceptor being the late dis- tinguished Dr. Henry C. Foote. In 1854, soon after having graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, he began the practice of medicine at Galesburg, where he has since been recognized as one of the leading members of his profession. The Doctor has since his residence here been a reliable Republican, but in 1884 the local organization of his party fell into the hands of a majority faction, which in regular convention assembled foisted upon the jieo- ple a candidate for the highest office of the city a man so entirely objectionable to a known majority that a bolt was warrantable, inasmuch as it was evi- dent that the best interest of the community could only be subserved thereby. Hence Dr. Foote's can- didacy for the mayoralty, and hence his election. This was by no means the Doctor's first appearance in public affairs. He was Health Officer of the city 12 years, and School Director, of which Board he is, V li. 866 KNOX COUNTY. f A at this writing, the presiding officer, which position he has had for nine years. Dr. George W. Foole organized the Pubh'c Librar>' Association ; donated his entire private hbrary there- to, which influenced the city to donate to it $2,500. He has been prominently from the beginning identi- fied with this most prosperous of Galesburg's public institutions. The Doctor is a member of the I. O. O. F., and A. F. & A. M., and K. of P. While the subject of our sketch has through most of his life depended upon his own industry for a livelihood, and while the returns have been ample, a recent oc- currence, which is worthy of mention, threw into his hands a competency, amounting in fact to a fortune. His father, never noted as a miserly man, but on the contrary considered rather liberal for one of his means, died at his home, as before stated, in York State, in 1884. While in attendance upon his funeral, the Doctor, with other members of his family, pro- ceeded to make some preliminary examination into ' the affairs of the old gentleman's estate, with a view to settlement and distribution thereof. The visible property, including a farm, was estimated to be worth ^ something over $2,000; but in overhauling private papers, etc., deposited by the old gentleman in the bank, they were surprised by running over a package ^ of United States bonds and other valuables amount- ing in the aggregate to $130,000. Dr. Foote was married at Galesburg, to Miss Viola Ward. They have one son living, Frederick Albert, and have buried one daughter, who died in infancy. i^linton H. Meadows, proprietor of the liv- ery, feed and sale stables, Abingdon, 111., was born in Warren County, 111., May ir, fe 1859. He is the son of Martin and Cathe- ** line (Reynolds) Meadows, and came with his parents to Abingdon in rS?:. He married Miss Mary Lamb, Nov. 27, 1884, at South Bend, Ind. Mrs. Meadows is a native of Chicago. Mr. Mesfdows is one of the enterprising business men of Abingdon. He is full of energy and enter- prise, and in his business is bound to take no second place. He is, in addition to his business of livery and feed stables, engaged in breeding fine stock, and has one of the finest stallions in the country, a mag- nificent thoroughbred animal, whose equal is hard to find. In this department he is meeting with that success that usually accompanies enterprise and perseverance. In the matter of stylish turnouts and first class horses for driving purposes, the livery es- tablishment of Mr. Meadows is not surpassed in the county. ; . t.:j' (i - oseph Fisher may be classed among the j. i^^j ^ leading farmers of Ontario Township, and l|^ is a stanch and reliable man. His home ^^ is on section 28, and situated within the lim- it its of Oneida. Mr. Fisher when a child came i with his parents from Summit County, Ohio, to which place they had come when Joseph was three years of age. He was born at Lancaster, En- gland, May 27, 1 83 1. His father was a native of the same shire in which his son was born, and was by occupation a miner. He was the eldest of a family of three ciiildren, of whom he is the only surviving one. On the arrival of the family in America, they located for a time in Canada, at which place the father suffered an attack of cholera, then prevailing there. After a short period they removed to Ohio, and in 1838 to Illinois, settling in Mercer County. Later on they went to Clover Township, Henry Co., 111., at which place the father died in January, 1844. His widow survived him till the year 1876, when she died at the home of her son, our subject, with whom she had spent the last years of her life. Soon after his father's death, Mr. Fisher of this sketch launched out into the world determined to win his own way. This he did energetically and with a purpose. He began work on a farm, at which he continued until he accumulated a fund sufficient- ly large to purchase 80 acres, which he obtained at $1 per acre, receiving a tax-title therefor. After add- ing many improvements to his crude possession, he was confronted with the original title and compelled to pay $650 more in order to lift the burden of debt from his farm. Continuing those improvements which daily added to the value of his land, he culti- vated it to the highest degree, and in so doing gained what is now one of the finest farms in the vicinity. His marriage, which occurred ir Sparta Township, L«.!r t LIBRARV OF THE L..iVER£iTV GF ILLI' uiyCe^ (^ cy^<2^^J^^(^ 4 KNOX COUNTY. 869 Oct. 20, 1852, with Emily Fisher, of the same name, but related in no way, has proved a most pleasant and amiable union. Mrs. Fisher was a native of Kentucky and was born July 30, 1834. Her father, Woodford Fisher, was a Kentucky farmer, who re- moved to Marshall County, 111., when Mrs. Fisher was a little girl. The second removal of the family was to Sparta Township, Knox County, at which place they resided till the death of Mrs. Fisher. Joseph Fisher had a family of three children, all of whom are deceased. They have at the present time one adopted daughter, Nelly by name, born April 15, 1872, being 14 years of age. Mr. Fisher is a popular and intelligent man, and has held many local offices. He has been Road Commissioner two terms, and in political belief is a stanch Republican. llS^Ufngeline Whipple, who devotes her lime to ^S#lf faiming and stock-raising on section g, of jj|^?3° Cedar Township, was born Feb. 8, 1843, ■* Niffi' ^"'^ o" 'is'' father's side is of Scotch ancestry. ^ She is now living on the old home farm, where J she was born. She is the daughter of Peier C. and Eliza H. (Boram) Nelson. The former was born in Greenbrier County, W. Va., in 1807. His demise took place on March 6, 1881. He was a Republican, and a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and was Class Leader over 50 years of his life. He died full in the faith and the hoi)e of eternal bliss. He married Miss Boram, as we have already stated, June 27, 1831. They were tlie par- ents of eight children — four boys and four girls — the latter being now dead, with the exception of the sub- ject, whose name heads this sketch. One of the boys is also deceased. The names of the children are Mary J., John I., Hester A., Louisa, Ange- line, William H. H. (deceased), Zachariah T. and Aaron F. Peter G. Nelson was a most estimable friend, neighbor and citizen, ever kind-hearted and gen- erous, and was regarded by everyone in the com- munity as a benefactor. He was a tower of moral and religious strength, upon which many a weaker mortal leaned when shaken by the trials and tribu- lations of life. To a community such men — those who live in the higher light and strength accorded ■HK !A=: them by their Master — are a great blessing. As a man whose portrait is prominently worthy a place in the galaxy of those of representative men of Knox County, given in this Album, we cheerfully place that of Peter C. Nelson in connection with this sketch. The fatlier of Peter C. Nelson was John Nelson, a native of Pendleton County, Va. He married Mar)' E. Castle, also a native of Virginia. They both died at their home on section 9, Cedar Township, Knox County, having settled there in the fall of 1839. John Nelson died in 1852, his wife having preceded him seven years. The father of John Nelson served as a soldier during seven vears of the War of the Revolution. Mrs. Whipple married Joseph W. Wliipple, Oct.4, i860, the ceremony being performed by Rev. A. Morey, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Whipple was a native of Wayne County, N. Y., where he was born in 1839. By this marriage there were three children born, two of whom are now liv- ing — W. H., born June 12, 1862, and died April 13, 1868; Harry N., born Oct 25, 1S68; and L. A., Sept. 8, 1872. Mrs. Whipple has 90 acres of land and is carrying on her farming operations with the assistance of her two sons. She owns a full-blooded Jersey cow and a number of finely bred Short- horn cattle, together with 50 head of sheep. This lady, who is remarka- ble for her good sense and geniality of disposition, received her education at the common schools. She is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and takes p.irt in all good movements in her congregation. ohn CoUinson. The different residents of Knox County are distinguished for various acts of helpfulness and honor reflecting back upon themselves in the building up and Ic^ advancement of the county. One of the im- portant factors in her internal machinery is the subject of this personal sketch, whose home is sit- uated on section 29, Lynn Township, and who has shown himself able and willing to forward all the interests of his community. Mr. CoUinson was born in Luzerne County, Pa., March 30, 1831. His father, whose given name ■a .870 ITJVOX COUNTY. was Thonifis, was born and reared in Yorkshire, England. While residing in England he was united in marriage with Hannah Codlin, and afterward, with their two children, set sail for America, making set- tlement in Luzerne County, Pa., in 1829. Our sub- ject was the first-born of his parents' family after their arrival in the United States. Subsequent to their arrival here, their family was increased by the birth of three cliildren, while tliey were residents of Luzerne County, Pa. The death of the mother occurred May 8, 1837. The father was subsequently married to Miss Louisa Mathias, after which event they, with their family, emigrated West. Upon their arrival in the Prairie State, in 1852, they immediately settled in Lynn Township, at which place the father's demise occurred Jan. 28, 1881. His widow Still survives, and is living with her youngest daugh- ter, Louisa McClure, in Lynn Tovk-nsliip. She has attained the venerable age of 75 years. The father of our subject had purchased a farm in Lynn Town- ship, which was finely improved, and upon which he erected a desirable dwelling and necessary out- buildings. After John Collinson arrived in this county in com- pany with his parents, he immediately set about to earn his own living. Dec. 25, 1855, in Stark County, he was married to Miss Christiana Reader. Miss Reader was a native of Germany, where she was born Feb. 27, 1823. Her mother died when she was but a child, and consequently we have no account of her maiden name or history. The father, John Reader, was a shoemaker, and brought his two children, both daughters, to the United States, in 1848. The parents at once settled in Toulon, Stark County, where they followed the honorable and independent calling of farming until the demise of the father, which occurred in 1851. The death of Mr. Reader was caused by being thrown from an unmanageable horse, which he was leading by the halter, the strap of which was fastened to his wrist. The animal, becoming frightened, viciously shied and threw Mr. Reader to the ground, dragging him to death. Finally the strap broke, the horse going home, leaving his victim in the road. After the death of her father Mrs. Collinson v^as engaged in domestic work until her marriage with Mr. C, to whom she has borne nine children, of whom we give the following brief memoranda: Martha became the wife of Holman Williams, and they are at present residing in West Jersey Town- ship, Stark County, and following farming; Mark O. is the husband of Charlotte Stephenson, and they reside on his father's homestead ; Henry J. took to wife Emma Himer, and they make Lynn Township their home, where they are engaged in the peaceful calling of farming; Andrew H. resides in Iowa; Anna M. is the wife of Arthur Catton, a farmer, re- siding in Stark County; Lydia A. resides at home, as does also Viola D., Oscar C. and Ada L. Since their marriage Mr. Collinson and wife are residing on their farm. He is now the possessor of 236 acres of most excellent and highly cultivated land, where he is meeting with success. In politics he is a stanch Democrat. Ij: obert R. Steek, a successful farmer and highly respected citizen of Knox County, _^ residing on section 24, Salem Township, is •f \\\ a native of Greensburg, Westmoreland Co., Pa., where he was born Nov. 12, 1851. The father of Mr. Steck was a native of the same county, and was born in 1820. The grand- father of our subject was also born in Westmore- land County, Pa., and settled at Greensburg, Pa., at which place he also died. His wife was also a native of Greensburg. The father of our subject was a farmer by occupa- tion, and followed that vocation until his removal, in 1865, to Illinois, where he purchased a farm in Peoria County, on which he is still residing. The maiden name of the mother was Isabella Jack, also a native of Westmoreland County, Pa., and of Scotch lineage. Her demise occurred Jan. 22,1885. The family consisted of eight children, seven now living: James resides in Clarke County, Iowa; Maria became the wife of Samuel Henry; Robert R., our subject; John, who resides in Peoria County; Margaret, wife of Robert Brooks, also residing in Peoria County, of wiiich Samuel and George are also residents. Robert R. Steck was but a lad of 14 years when he accoitipanied his parents to the Prairie State. While in Pennsylvania he had attended the district schools, and after coming to Illinois attended the schools of Peoria County, when not engaged in the duties of the farm. Nov. I. 1876, Mr. Steck was united in marriage ■T- i KNOX COUNTY. rW^ 871 Hl^ with Miss Elizabeth McKeighan, the intelligent daughter of James and Elizabeth (Cunningham) McKeighan. After their marriage they located in Peoria County, where Mr. Steck rented land until ! 1878, the date of removal into Knox County, where | they located on section 17, Salem Township. March 3, 1884, they settled upon their present farm, and are actively engaged in its cultivation and im- provement. Mr. and Mrs. Steck are the parents of four children — Belle E., Edith R., Bessie and Ida M. Both our subject and his wife are devoted members of the Presbyterian Church, and in their community are held in high esteem. (Srk S. Lemon is one of the enterprising and successful farmers of Galesburg Township, residing on section 28, where he is the owner of 205 acres of good land, all under an advanced state of cultivation, on which he has a fine dwelling, two stories high and in dimensions 30x35 feet ; his barn is 50x72 feet, and stable for horses 16x50 feet; he also has a fine cattle-shed 25x32 feet, besides other out-buildings. Mr. Lemon was born in Highland County, Ohio, Aug. I, 1846, and leaving tliat State at the age of 18 years, he came direct to Galesburg Township, where he has ever since resided. He was married to Miss Mary E. Whitfield, March 2, 1870, who was a native of Pennsylvania, where she was born March 2, 1852, and was married on her i8th birthday. Her parents were of English birth, and came to America in 1849, locating in Pittsburg, Pa., where they remained some years, the father being killed in a rolling-mill, from an accidental blow on the head fiom a crowbar, about the year 1845. In September of the same year Mrs. Whitfield came to Illinois, bringing her two children, a son and daughter. Joseph, the eldest, was born Dec. 9, 1847, and died when nine years old. Mary E., now Mrs. Lemon, whose birth is above mentioned, became the mother of seven children, as follows : Nancy E., born Dec. 10, 187 1; Ruth E., Feb. 24, 1873; Fannie B., Aug. 14, 1875; Ida M., June 26, 1877 ; Louis E., Oct. 10, 1879 ; Gracie M., Jan. 17, 1882, and Alice May, May 10, 1884. The parents of Mr. Lemon were Samuel and Nancy (Shields) Lemon, and were natives of Penn- - A sylvania, and both died in Ohio. They had nine children, as follows: Elizabeth, Isaac, Joseph, Hal- bert, Martha M.. Samuel, Mark, Nancy and Luther. Mr. Lemon enlisted as a soldier April i, 1864, in the i68ih Reg. Ohio Vol. Inf., Co. A, and was mustered in at Camp Denison, and afterward ordered to Ken- tucky, where he was taken prisoner by the rebel Gen. John Morgan, and paroled three or four days after. Returning home, he was sent back to Ken- tucky again for guard duty, serving some five months in the army, never having been wounded. He was discharged at Camp Denison. Mr. Lemon, in addition to being a very successful business man and farmer, owning one of the finest farms in a county where a poor farm is the exception, and also raising a fine grade of cattle, is always ready to perform his duty as a citizen, and for 14 years has held the thankless, though resixjnsible, position of School Director, and for three years the oflSce of Road Commissioner. No belter evidence could be given to prove that he has the confidence and respect of his neighbors and fellow-citizens than the fact that he has held for so long these positions of public trust. In ixjlitics Mr. Lemon is a Demo- crat, but liberal and tolerant toward those who differ with him in political sentiment. Yet in the prime of life, having already reached more than the average success attained by men, we may yet hope for him many years of extended usefulness in private life and public trust. A view of Mr. Lemon's place is shown on another page. ealy C. Woods is a prominent brickmaker in Galesburg. In company with his fath- er-in-law, Mr. T. D. Stafford, he has worked the business successfully for some years. In this department of manufacture the name of Stafford & Woods has been before the public since the spring of 1856. Altogether they make about 1,000,000 bricks per year. Mr. Woods married Miss C. L. Stafford on the 24th of December, 1867. She was born in October, 1841, in Rochester, Sangamon Co., 111. Three children have been born to this marriage — Mildred F., Oct. 16, 1868; Fred E., Nov. 21,1872; Grace A., Nov. i, 1874. Mrs Woods' parents wereT. D. and P. M. (Fisher) Stafford, and t ■f 4 -^ ±jh 872 KNOX COUNTY. they were married in 1836. This excellent lady died on Jan. 13, 1872, and of the issue of this mar- riage left three children— Eliza J., Cecilia L. and Ellen M. The parents of Mr. Woods were Ira and Orpha (Daggett) Woods. His father was a native of the State of New York, where he was born in 1790, and died in 1854. The mother was a native of Indiana, where she was born in 1810, and died June 9, 1875. They were married in 1839, and had four children, viz.: Clarissa, Nealy C, Phebe and Orpha. The subject of our biography was born and brought up on a farm at Avon, this State, in 1842, and came to Galesburg in the spring of 1856. He attended Lombard College for three years, and in August, i86i,enhstedinthe7th 111. Vol. Cav., under Col. Pitt Kellogg, and was mustered in at Camp Butler. The very first duty he performed was at Bird's Point, Mo., where he assisted in the capture of Island No. i o, just j below Columbus, Ky. He also served at Pittsburg [Landing, and was engaged in the battle of Corinth. At this period he was on guard duty along the Mem- phis & Charleston Railroad, at Coffeeville, Miss., upon Hood's retreat from Holly Springs, Miss. He I was captured by Col. Walls, of the Texas Legion, .1 while fighting dismounted against infantry in an-en- gagement lasting four hours, and remained a pris- oner for some three weeks. This occurred on the i6th of December, 1862, and within three weeks of that event he was paroled and sent home. On the 30th of January following Mr. Woods again joined the regiment, and on the 1 2th of April started with Grierson on the famous raid through Mississippi and Louisiana, until he came to Baton Rouge, where, on the 2d of May, they captured x,ooo prisoners, having marched 800 miles in 16 days. He also assisted in the capture of Port Hudson and was fort- unate enough to come out of the war without a wound. He was mustered out Oct. 15, 1864, at Springfield, 111. In the city of Galesburg, in the brickraaking bus- iness, the firm of Stafford & Woods is the oldest known in the vicinity. Their manufacture will com- pare favorably with any other in the district. Our subject is a respected member of the Masonic fraternity, and a member of the Commandery. He was made a Mason in 1863. He is also a member of the G. A. R. He is prominently connected with the Galesburg Board of Education, where his serv- ices have had the full acknowledginent of all those connected with that department. His family are members of the Universalist Church, while in poli- tics Mr. Woods is a thorough supporter of RepubU- can principles. "^^^ll dward Marsh, the senior member of the ^1 hardware firm of E. Marsh & Son, Oneida, (gf^ one of the oldest hardware men of the couniy, is the subject of this notice. Immedi- ately after coming to Oneida, in 187 i, he estab- lished his present business, which he represents and conducts with so much credit to himself and usefulness to the community. His patrons find pleas- ure as well as profit in dealing with him, his stock always meeting their demands and his rule being " good goods at honest prices." Mr. M. came to Knox County about the year 1852, engaging at Abingdon as clerk in a hardware store, at which he condnued till the breaking out of Rebell- ion, when at the first call for three-years volun- teers to defend the Government and the honor of its flag, Mr. M. at once responded, joining the 33d Illi- nois, known as the Normal Regiment, Col. I. A. Elliott, later Adjutant-General, now of Princeton, 111., commanding. It was assigned to the 13th Army Corps, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg and other campaigns along the Mississippi and in Texas. He was severely wounded at Jackson, Miss., July 12, 1863, and being unable for duty resigned, as First Lieutenant, and was honorably discharged by special order in June, 1864. After regaining his health, Mr. Marsh became en- gaged in the hardware business at Abingdon, in which he continued till 1869, when he went to Eagle- ville, Mo., and after one year in business there he came to Oneida, establishing the business which he has ever since so well and successfully conducted. In September, X885, he admitted his son, C. E. Marsh, as a member of the firm, which adopted the title of E. Marsh & Son. His. store is located on Center street, and is a brick building 22x85 ^^^'^^ '"'O stories high, the second floor being occupied by a tm- factory employing a number of hands. Mr. Marsh was born in Terre Haute, Ind., Aug. 23, i83S._ His father, Thomas, was a blacksmith and a native of i^ r^ t •eJ^ , i . . KNOX COUNTY. 873 4-^ Pennsylvania, of American parentage and of English ancestry. He came to Indiana when a young man and married Elizabeth Lang, formerly from the vicin- ity of New Albany, her parents being from Kentucky. After their marriage his parents came to Edgar County, 111., and later to Monroe County, Ind., where the father died, about 1854. The mother is yet living at Bryant, Fulton County, this State, and is about 70 years of age. Mr. Edward Marsh was educated in the public schools and was married at Abingdon, Sept. i, 1858,10 Miss Susan Nicols, who was born near I'oughkeepsie N. Y. Her parents, Henry and Sally (Hogarth) Nicols, were York State people, and farmers, coming to Illi- nois when Mrs. Marsh was an infant, and settling in Fulton County. Mrs. Marsh died in the fall of 1S66, leaving two children — Julian E. and Charles H. Mr. Marsh was married again, in 1S68, lo Miss Julia Bristol, of Farmington, 111 , who lived but a short time, dying at Eagleville, Mo., in September, 1869, In 1871 Mr. M. was married to his present wife, Mrs. M. E. Barklow. Mrs. M. has two sons by her former marriage — E. D. and C. E. Barklow — making four ^ sons in the family. Charles E. Barklow has had his name legally changed to Marsh, and is now a partner in the firm of E. Marsh & Son. Mr. Marsh has a beautiful residence in Oneida. He is one of the city Aldermen, is a solid and reli- able Republican, and a public-spirited and honorable citizen. He has scarcely passed the meridian of life, yet has served his countr)' and his generation faith- fully. Shirking no duty, and acquiring by honesty and industry a fair amount of worldly goods, he has, besides, that priceless treasure, a good name. €e. arius Woolsey, one of the leading and ^ prosperous farmers of Haw Creek Town- ^1.0^ ^ ship, is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Marion County, Ohio, June 9, 1849. He came West in early life in company with his mother and David Woolsey, an elder brother. He continued at home and with his brother until his marriage, in 1872, when he was united with Miss Emma Wolf, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Wolf. She was born in Haw Creek Township, Knox County. Her parents came to Illinois and settled where Mr. Wolf at present resides. Her mother died in 1886. Her father still survives. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Woolsey five children, whose names are John, Elmer, Cora, Ed- gar and Bert Woolsey. Edgar died when in his sec- ond year. Mrs. Woolsey is a member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Woolsey, as before stated, is a prosperous farmer, and a live, energetic business man. He is the owner of 700 acres of good, tillable land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He has a fine dwelling-house, good barns and out-houses for the conveniences of farming and stock-raising. A view of the premises can be seen on another page of this work. Politically Mr. W. is a Republi- can, though he takes no further part in politics than exercising the right of suffrage. ichael Maley. This gentleman is a farmer, located on section 32, in Galesburg Town- fi:>^K.''^ ship, and is a native of County Limerick, ' ^'^\ Ireland, where he was born in 1830. In the year 1853 he emigrated to the United States and landed at New York city, where he re- mained for one year, and then went to Columbus, Ohio, where he was occupied on a farm up to the dale of his removal to this county, in 1855. He has since resided at his present home. Mr. Maley was married to Miss Annie Ryan on the 1 2th of November, 1862. This lady's birth took place in 1842, in Ireland, and she was brought to America when a child two years old. She is a lady of very estimable character, a good mother and faithful wife. To them were born nine ciiildren, viz. Margaret, Aug. 30, 1863; William, in March, 1865 John E., Nov. i, 1866; Mary E., June 5, 1869 Thomas S., March 20, 1871; Annie E., Dec. 2, 1872; Adelia M., May 19, 1875; George D., June i8, 1879, and Frederick P., Feb. 28, 1881. Mr. Maley has 260 acres of very fine land, which is under first-class cultivation. He has on it 500 rods of tile drain, an excellent dwelling-house, and a granary, which has a capacity of 4,000 bushels of small grain. His land cost him $70 an acre. The lamily arc members of the Roman Catholic Church of Galesburg. He has held the position of School A U 874 KATOX COUNTY. 1? Director of his district, and in that capacity has given general satisfaction. Miss Maggie graduated at St. Joseph's Academy, and is a teacher at Galesburg. For the past three years she has been engaged in that capacity, and is considered an excellent scholar. The son, William H., is now attending the Business College at Galesbuig. dson Huggins. One of the earliest set- tlers of Knoxville and a prominent citizen is Edson Huggins, who is identified as one ^^ of the pioneers of that section and who is the the subject of this personal history. He has occupied his present home since an early day and has been an eye-witness to the growth and pros- perity of Knox County. Mr. Huggins was born in the town of Coventry, Vt., Sept. II, 1816. His father, David Huggins, came of New England stock, being a native of the 1 State of New Hampshire, and was born in the town of Cornish, May 14, 1787. He grew to manhood in his native State, and while young went to Vermont and there purchased a tract of timber land, lying in Orleans County, in which section of country he was an early settler. He returned to the State of his birth. New Hampshire, to celebrate his marriage with Miss Jerusha Cobb, and with his bride set his face toward his new home. The young couple, with brave hearts and united energy, commenced the up- rearing of a home, the husband clearing the land of the forest trees, and the wife, equally desirous of success and prosperity, pursuing her part of the do- mestic labors. On this farm they worked and waited for prosperity until 1834, and in the spring of that year, with his oldest son, the head of the house with a pair of horses and a wagon emigrated to the Far West, with the strong expectation and hope of finding an Eldorado. They made their way overland to Knox County, a»d here purchased a pre-emption right on the northwest quarter of section 27, town- ship II, in what is now Knox Township. They also bought two lots in the village of Knoxville, on which stood a log house. Leaving his son in the Western home they had found, Mr. Huggins returned to the State of Ver- mont, from which, in the fall of that year, accompanied. by his wife and their family, consisting of eight chil- dren, he started for Illinois. They took what was at the lime the most desirable route, namely, via stage to Burlington, thence down Lake Champlain by beat, through to Troy, and from that city by Erie Canal to Buffalo. Leaving Buffalo, they came by the way of Lake Erie to Cleveland, Ohio, traveling on to Ports- mouth and coming down the Ohio and up the Missis- sippi River, to Beardstown, from which place they completed their journey by land. They started from that place, traveling with an ox team, intending by this mode of conveyance to reach Knoxville, but were met on their way by their son, with whom they returned in better style. The family moved into their log cabin in the village, in which humble home they remained for two years, and which they left to move onto the farm, a log cabin being there also. This latter had been built by the first claimant of the land. Mr. Huggins placed his land under high cul- tivation and made the farm his home until his death. His wife, who survived him some time, spent the ' last years of her life in peace and pleasure in the home of her son George. To this couple have been given nine children, viz.: Brunson, deceased ; Phebe, who married Sullivan Raney, and who died in Vermont ; Nathaniel, de- ceased ; Olivia, who married Dr. Johnson, and who ' died in Texas; Edson, who lives in Knoxville ; Jeru- sha, wife of John Mosher, whose home is also in Knoxville; David B.; Charles H., who lives in Knox Township; George lives in Knox Township, and Chester, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Huggins were members of the first church ever organized in Knox- ville, and were devoted and earnest workers in all worthy enterprises. When the subject of this sketch had attained the age of 18 years, he removed to Illinois with his par- ents, as previously stated. When the family landed at Beardstown and were met by him with their awk- ward conveyance, he at once proposed to return to Knoxville in search of a team, which journey he performed on foot, and came back to his parents, whom he landed in Knoxville. He learned the trade of cabinet-maker, and went first to Knoxville to re- pair the cabin in which the family lived, and during the first year he made tables. There being no wagon-shop in Knoxville, he was often called upon to do the woik of a wheelwright, and during his first year filled a pair of wheels, the first work of the kind ^ KNOX COUNTY. 87 s ever done in Knox County. He aftenvard became contractor and builder, at which occupation he con- tinued until within two or three years. He is now a retired business man and enjoys the fruits of a well- spent life of industr)' and economy. He has been twice married, his first matrimonial alliance being with Sophronia Marsh, a nativeof York State. Their nuptials were celebrated Sept. 1 1, 1844 ; and, leaving four orphaned children to mourn her loss, Mrs. Huggins passed from earth to the joy and peace be- yond, July 4, 1857, celebrating a nobler and grander independence in the great hereafter. The names of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Huggins are : Eloise, wife of Prof. Stickney, whose home is in Knoxville ; Emma, who wedded George A. Bassett, and Everett E. The maiden name of the present Mrs. Huggins, whose marriage to the subject of this sketch took place Nov. 8, 1858, was Louise E. Knight, and she was -born in Coventry, Vt. Both she and her hus- ' band are useful and active members of society and ' are connected with the Presbyterian Church, of I j which they are conscientious and consistent mem- 1 bers. Politically Mr H. is a supporter of the Re- ^ publican party, and takes a lively interest in outside affairs. His handsome residence is located on Ann ! street, corner of Henderson, and was erected after "the destruction by fire of his former home, in 187 i. It was a large and commodious frame house and was a loss of no mean dimensions to its owner, who, however, immediate built, on the same spot, his present home. /^ofTman Bros., of Galesburg, are manufact- urers of harness and saddlery of all kinds, their place of business being at No. 24 South Prairie street. The firm is composed of G. M. and W. K. Hoffman, natives of the city of Macomb, 111., and the third and fourth sons of F. J. and M. V. (Cannon) Hoffman. The senior Mr. Hoffman came from Germany and lives now at Macomb, where he has carried on the harness and saddlery business successfully for 35 years. Of his family of nine sons, five have followed the trade of their father. G. M. Hoffman, of the firm above mentioned, was born Aug. 8, 1864, and W. E., March 8, 1866. They received their educa- ! tion at the Maromb public schools, starting in bus- iness for themselves at Parsons, Kan., in December, 1883, and remained at that place up to the 1st of December, 1885, when, on account of bad crops and the general uncertainty of the country, they con- cluded to return to their solid native State, and on Jan. I, 1886, they opened shop at their present loca- tion. They are first-class workmen, and deal in no cheap sale work. The material and workmanship given out from their factory at all times carry with them the full guarantee of being just as represented. They carry the largest line of goods in the county, and though both young men, they have come to Knox County to stay and to merit the confidence of the people. _^j> •t,^o~^^^^lf^yo^' <<-- ^J'ohn Sulivan, Roadmaster of the Middle \vi Division of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R., was born in County Limerick, Ireland, Feb. 24, 1840. His parents ^r were John and Johannah (Kennedy) Sullivan, \ worthy farming people. John, our subject, was the youngest of a family of three sons and five daugh- ters, of whom two sons and three daughters came to America. Mortimer, the brother, died in Kewanee, m., leaving a family of four sons and two daughters. He was a worthy citizen and business man of that place for many years. The sisters are all married and have families' of their own. The subject of this sketch was 17 years of age when he embarked for the shores of the United States, and u[X)n his arrival in this country came immediately " West " and began work with the shovel on the track of the C, B. & Q. R. R., at Somonauk, III. In May, i860, he came to Galesburg, where, after three years of faithful work, he was appointed section foreman, at Kewanee, III. Five years later he went to Hinsdale, III., in the same capacity, and worked there until 1868, when he ivas appointed foreman of the floating gang, with headquarters at Sandwich, III. This position he held until 187 i, when he received further promotion as Division Roadmaster, with headquarters at Auro- ra, whence he was transferred to Galesburg, where he has been very reputably connected ever since. Mr. Sullivan was married in Streator, III., to Kaue, 'i T ' 876 XATOX COUNTY. daughter of John Stanton, Esq., a native of Ireland. The union of Mr. Sullivan and Miss Stanton has been blest with a family of two sons and three daugh- ters, as follows: Mortimer, Maria, Katie, John B. and Julia. He and his wife are regular communi- cants with the congregation of the Corpus Christi Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Sullivan is a member of the C, B. & Q. Pro- tective Association. He has always avoided accept- ing nomination for office, but has nevertheless given a candid support to his party. He is a pronounced Democrat, but in local matters votes for the best man, irrespective of party. He is public-spirited and supports all measures attending the develop- ment of his adopted city. He is rearing and educat- ing his children well, and besides being a good citi- zen and genial gentleman is a kind husband and father. obert Bruee Jameson. Among the lead- ing citizens of Kno.x County may be found the subject of this personal history. His home is situated on section 5 of Indian Point Township. Mr. Jameson was born in Simp- son County, Ky., on March 20, i84r, and is the son of M. H. and Sarah (Murphy) Jameson, both natives of Kentucky — Warren County and Barren County — born respectively Aug. 17, 1815, and Sept. IS, i8i8. The great-grandfather, John Jameson, was a na- tive of Virginia, but of Scotch lineage and blood. He married Rhoda Cook, and removed to Kentucky, near Pruit's Knob. Their histor)' will be found in a book of the " Early History of Kentucky." The grandfather, Robert Jameson, was a native of Ken- tucky, and had one sister, named Margaret. He mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Haley, and they were the par- ents of seven children, as follows : Harrison, Albert G., Maximilian H., Elvira, Martha, Elizabeth and Robert. The great-great-grandfather, Murphy, on his mother's side, and his brother Joseph were born in the early part of the 18th century, in Virginia, both Baptist ministers, mentioned in '' Benedict's History of the Baptists." His son, the great-grand- grandfaiher of the subject of this sketch, also a Baptist minister, was born June 12, 1752, and lived in Eastern Tennessee during the Revolution, at which time the family suffered great hardship, remov- ing from there to Pruit's Knob, Ky. He had one sister named Margaret, who married Elijah David- son, a noted preacher of the Christian denomination, who removed from there to Warren County, 111., and in 1852 to Monmouth, Ore. The grandfather of our subject, on the mother's side. Rev. John Murphy, was born in Kentucky, came to Morgan County, 111., in 1831, and died in Warren County, a well-known and respected pioneer. He had several brothers and sisters, among whom were Joseph, Isaac, William and Margaret. He married Miss Rachel Cook, and by this union were born Keziah (Deaton), Rachel (Reynolds), Margaret (Dodge), Sarah (Jameson), William, Bunyan and Nancy (Williams). Maximilian H. Jameson removed from Kentucky to this State on account of his opposition to the iraflSc in slaves. His life was filled with good deeds, and he was an earnest worker in the united causes of re- ligion and philanthropy. He was Elder in the Chris- tian Church for about 30 years. He enlisted early under the banner of Jesus Christ, entering the church at the age of 17. He was a kind-hearted and loving ^ father, and his death, which occurred May 9, 1884, was mourned by a large circle of friends. His wife, who survives him, is an energetic old lady, in the ' full possession of her faculties, and highly esteemed by all. This union was a pleasant and congenial one, and their family circle was enlarged by the ad- vent often children. The children of Maximilian and Sarah Jameson are Nancy E , Robert Bruce, Gertrude A., John Paul, Alice, Dora A., William A., Eva L., George P. and Katie B. Nancy E. was born March 24, 1839, mar- ried F. W. Hoen, and now lives in Abingdon ; Ger- trude, born April 20, 1843, for her first husband mar- ried Dr. Joseph Huff, and her second matrimonial connection was with Joseph Barnaby; she died Jan. 28, 1879; John Paul, born April 24, 1845, married Miss Laura G. Kipper, and lives in Abingdon, 111.; Alice S. was born April 15, 1847, and married Joel Atkinson ; they live in Monroe County, Mo.; Will- iam A. was born in 1852, and died in infancy ; Dora A., born in 1847, died in 1863; Eva L., born in 1853, died in 187 i ; George P., born March 30, 1856, mar- ried Miss Sarah E. Callison, Aug. 20, 1880; his home is near Abingdon; Katie B. was born Dec. 15, 1859, "T LAJ ^H* LIBRARY OF THE l::iversity of ILLI^'' ^ KNOX COUNTY. 879 \ and married Berry Lucas, their home being in Knox County; Robert Bruce married Miss Rosa M. Ingels, April 13, 1867. Mrs. Rosa M. Jameson was born April 30, 1849, in Wabash County, Ind., and is the daughter of James and Mary (Carver) Ingels. Her paternal grandfather was John Ingels, of Virginian ancestry, who settled in Eastern Kentucky at an early day. He married Miss Rosa Garr, and removed to Wayne County, Ind. They were born about the beginning of the 19th century. They were consistent members of the Christian Church, and had eight children, namely, Thomas, James, George, Abram, Catherine, John, Joseph and Boone. Mrs. Jameson's father, James Ingels, was born March 10. 1820 ; he married Miss Mary Carver, Feb. 28, 1848, in Fayette County, Ind., and settled in Wabash County, removing thence to Stark County, 111., in 1854, where he resided until his death, which oc- curred Jan. 27, 18S3. He was killed while hunting in Florida, by an accidental discharge of his gun. He was a leading member of the Christian Church, occupying the office of Deacon, and contributed largely to the advancement of Christ's cause. He was always ready to assist the poor with a liberal hand, foremost in temperance work. Republican in politics, energetic in business, and a man of influence in his community. Mrs. Ingels was born in Fayette County, Ind., June 30, 1831, and was the mother of ten children, five of whom are now living, namely : Rosa M. (Jameson), of this writing; John B., M. D., born Junes, 185 i, now resides at Meriden, Iowa; Eliza D., born April 17, 1853, married T. E. Calli- son, had one child (Jessie), and died Aug. 12, 1881 • Irvin was born Dec. 19, 1859, and resides on the old homestead at La Fayette, 111.; Mary (De Guibert) was born June 26, 1862, and resides at Siou.\ City, Iowa; Sherman was born Oct. 17, 1863, and resides at La Fayette. All are members of the Christian Church, and are temperate and enterprising citizens. The maiden name of Mrs. Rosa Jameson's paternal grandmother was Garr; she was from a family of German ancestrj- and well known as the leading manufacturers of Richmond, Ind. The maternal great-grandfather, Carver, lived in Putnam County, N. Y., where her grandfather, Jonathan Carver, was born in 1806, who is still living, at La Fayette, 111. He married Miss Melinda, daughter of William and Mary (Campbell) Nelson, who was born at Augusta, Me., in 1809. Her maternal grandmother's maiden name was Mary Vance. Mr. and Mrs. Jameson are members of the Chris- tian Church. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bruce Jameson are as follows: Luna May, born April 12, 1869; Eva Lena, bom Nov. 20, 1870; Golda, born July 6, 1873, and Pauhne, Nov. 26, 1882. avid H. Frisbie. The subject of this sketch, Hon. David H. Frisbie, of Gales- burg, was born in Oneida County, N. Y., Oct. 7, 1815. His grandfather came from Savoy, Italy. His father, Edward Frisbie, was during his life an Erie Canal packetman. His mother's maiden name was Abigail Blackman, a na- tive of Connecticut, and of English ancestry. When David was but eight years old, his father died, leav- ing a widow and a family of ten children, of whom David was next to the youngest, and of whom he is now the only survivor. The lad was educated in the common schools of his native place, and, judging from his characteris- (J tics as a man, must have been an apt pupil. He was married at Floyd, Oneida Co., N. Y., in r836, to Jemima Skinner, a daughter of Onias and Tirza (Bell) Skinner, of Vermont, and a sister of Onias C. Skinner, Judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois. Immediately after the wedding, the newly-married couple started for the then almost unknown West, and arrived in Peoria during the winter of 1836-37. In a money sense he was poor, but in tact and bus- iness capacity was well endowed. For several years he taught school, first at Harkness Grove, then in Farmington, in each instance with marked success. At the same time he devoted his spare moments to agriculture. In 1847 he removed to Knox County and located in Henderson, where for seven years he engaged in mercantile business. Mr. and Mrs. Fris- bie came to Galesburg in 1855. That city has since been his home. During his residence there he has followed the land business, and to a slight extent has engaged in farming. By strict attention and honorable dealings he has been successful and is looked upon as a prosperous and well-to-do business man. Prior to the organization of the Republican party Mr. Frisbie was a Whig. He joined heartily, how- !Jt^ ♦4 88o KNOX COUNTY. ever, in the new movement. In 1856 he was elected by the Republicans a member of the State Legisla- ture. To the political principles which he then adopted he has ever since been true. We find him a zealous and active member of the Blooraington Convention, the first Republican State Convention held in Illinois. During the late war he served as De- partment Provost Marshal of this District, then com- posed of three counties. Mr. Frisbie's family relations have ever been pleas- ant and happy. His heart has ever been with his family. April 7, 1881, he sustained a severe afflic- tion in the death of his wife. Their union was blest by three children — Charlotte L., Olivia P. and Sarah Adelaide. The first died at the age of 15. Olivia P. Frisbie became the wife of Allen A. Green, a native of New York, and engaged in the mercan- tile business at Williamsport, Pa., until his decease, Feb. 10, 1881. His widow and three children — f David Frisbie, Alvah S. and Allen A. — survive him. The youngest daughter, Sarah .Adelaide, was married Oct. 8, 1883, to Judge E. E. Farman, of War- ^ saw, N. Y., Consul-General to Egypt, under Presi- I dent Grant, and subsequently one of the Judges of the International Court of Egypt through appoint- ment by Presiden' Garfield. They are the parents of one daughter — Lois C. In conclusion, it can be truthfully said that Mr. Frisbie is one of the leading men of Knox County. He has always taken an interest in ever)' enterprise which has for its aim the public good, and has as energetically opposed all schemes which he consid- ered detrimental to the welfare of the people. Being one of the leading and representative men of Knox County, the portrait of Mr. Frisbie is placed in this volume, in connection with this sketch. ^olomon Frohlieh, of the firm of Frohlich, Gardt & Co. Among the many genial citi- zens of Galesburg, no one is more popular or has a larger number of friends than Mr. Frohlich, of this personal narration. He was born in Germany, June it, 1843, coming to America Sept. 13. 1865, and to Galesburgin 1868. Solomon Frohlich of this notice was educated in Germany, where he also learned the trade of a butch- er, wliich he followed for some years after coming to America, finally, however, entering into the wholesale liquor business at Galesburg, on July i, 1879. In business Mr. Frolilich has been rather successful. He landed in America with scarcely a dollar in his pocket, worked several years at a very ordinary trade, been as liberal as those with whom he has associated, and now we find him at the head of a large business, independent of the world and adding daily to the already plethoric condition of his bank account. Our subject was married at Galesburg, Dec. 21, 1875, to Rosa Strauss, and their two children are named respectively Henrietta and Gertie. Mr. F. is a member of the I. O. O. F., A. F. & A. M., K. of P., I. O. O. B. of Peoria, and is a member of the Jewish Church. .enry Hitchcock. The late Henry Hitch- cock, for many years Division Superintend- ent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. at Gales- burg, and one of the leading men in the county, was born at Old Deerfield, Mass., May 25, 1816, and departed this life April 4, 1884, in the city of Galesburg. (See United States Biographical Dic- tionary, page 146.) His birth occurred in the house where for so many years his parents made their home, and he was their third child; their names were Henry and Betsey (Kimberly) Hitchcock. For some length of time his father farmed at the old homestead, and Henry was sent to the common school and the academy at Deerfield. Until he reached the age of 24, he remained under his father's roof, and during the following six years he was station agent of the Rudand & Burlington Railroad, at Rutland, Vt, Subsequently he was agent of the Michigan Central at Chicago, and in 1856 removed to Galesburg and was appointed General Superintendent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. This position he held to the satisfaction of all concerned, until he finally abandoned it and became interested in agricultural pursuits. He was a man of high character, of deep and strong nature, intelligent, upright and respected by all who knew him. He was Director of the Second National Bank and Trustee of Knox College, and to the latter left a large part of his property. The only brother of our subject still lives on the old homestead, and there are two sisters, one of whom lives in Buffalo, N. Y., and the other in Cleveland, -^^ KNOX COUNTY. 88 1 Ohio. In religious belief the deceased inclined to the doctrines of the Congregational Church. He was united in marriage at Deerfield, Mass., June 9, 1841, with Miss Martha, daughter of Pliney and Thankful (Dickinson) Arms, the former of whom was born in 1778, and died in 1S59, aged 81 years. He was in politics one of the most decided .Abolitionists of his time. The children of our subject were Will- iam Henr)-, born Dec. 14, 1842, and died Aug. 25, 1858; George Kimberly, born Jan. 28, 1S51, died Aug. 23, at the age of seven months; Mattie Arms, born in October, 1857, died in May, 1881. 'Ji'Mrlbert Upson, a farmer, resident of Knox TownshiiJ, lives on section 9. He was born in Summit County, Ohio, May 8, 1S42, and his father, Rowland Upson, was a native of the same county, born Feb. 6, 1806. Al- bert's grandfather was a native of Massachu- setts and a pioneer of Summit County. The maiden name of his wife was Phoebe M. Randall, a native of Canada, born in September, 18 14. She was but two years old when her parents moved to Orange County, N. Y., and a few years later to Summit County, Ohio. Mr. Upson grew to manhood in Summit County, and there met and married his wife, li%ing until 1851 in that section of country. He then removed to Illinois, and settled in Knox Coun- ty, buying wild land on section 9 of Kno.\ Township, and built a frame house, the lumber for which he drew from Peoria. He improved and cultivated the land, taking an honest pride in its prolific and abun- : dant bearing, and upon this spot lived out the re- ! mainder of his days, dying in May, 1874. His wid- ow died in June, 1884. Nine children were born of this union, as follows : Josephine, deceased; Lucy N., wife of Grenville Wright, li\-ing near Vermont, Fulton County ; Al- bert ; Johnnie, now deceased ; Sarah M., wife of John Hummel, living in Ford County ; Lida M., who mar- ried Edwin Taylor, of Galesburg ; Willie, deceased, , and Hannah, wife of William Wright, whose home is in Kansas City. Albert Upson was nine years of age when he came to the county with his parents, and here he grew to manhood, reared on the farm and receiving the lim- ■ \' ited advantages derived from the common school. He was united in marriage Jan. i, 1867, with Han- nah M. Case, who was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and is the daughter of Elisha E. and Rachel O. (Morse) Case, both natives of New York. Mr. Upson lived at home up to the date of his marriage. The following summer he went to Wayne County, Iowa, and bought a farm, where he lived for two years, then sold it and returned to the old home- stead, which he now owns and occupies. It is sup- plied with a good set of frame buildings, neat and commodious. There are fruit and shade trees in the yard, and the home altogether presents as desirable and attractive a refuge as the eye could take in or the heart long for. Mr. and Mrs. Upson are the parents of five chil- dren — Florence May, Willie D., Nellie E., George A. and Arthur E. Both our subject and his wife are members of the Congregational Church of Gales- burg. In politics he is a Republican. >i/^ ' li-T & H. B. Hawkinson, proprietors of : . ^-; . - of the leading bakery and confection- ~^!(^ '*' cry establishments of Galesburg, were, '^> born at Harlunda, Sweden, Jan. 9, i84i,and T April 3, 1837, respectively. They are the f sons of Hakan Benson and Christine (Pear- son) Hawkinson. Gust Hawkinson is one of Gales- burg's active business men and is among the repre- sentative men of this place. When a young man he learned the baking business in Solvesberg, Sweden, but abandoned it for that of stone-cutting, which he followed in the employ of the Government of Swe- den. This he continued for a few years, but finally concluded to visit the shores of the New World, whither his brother H. B. had preceded him. In 1869 he came to Galesburg on June 24 of that year. At this place he worked at railroading for four and one-half years, then joined his brother H. B. in the baking business, which they have carried on success- fully since that time. H. B. Hawkinson also learned the bakery bus- iness in Sweden, and has been connected with the same for several years at Galesburg He was mar- ried to Caroline Olson, also a native of his country, and who has borne him a son and daughter, who bear -H- *4- rt^^ir^ KNOX COUNTY. the names of Hilda and Henry. Another brother, John Hawkinson, came to the United States in 1880, where he died three years after his arrival. He was by trade a coppersmith. The Hawkinson brothers are hard-working men, and have succeeded in es- tablishing for themselves a business second to none in their line in this city. They are both worthy citi- zens and clever gentlemen. els M. Burgland, of the firm of Burgland & Johnson, meat market, is a worthy mem- ber of the industrious community of Gales- burg. Mr. Burgland was born at Gamell- storp, Solvesburg, Sweden, Dec. 25, 1846. He is the son of Mons P. and Chasty (Munson) Burgland, the former of whom carried on the butch- Iering business in Sweden. In 1867 Nels M. Burg- land (having completed the butchering trade in his native land) sailed for this country and came almost yjimraediately to Galesburg, where, in 1873, he began (business for himself He has built up a large trade, and, with Mr. Johnson, is the owner of 400 acres of fine farm land in Mercer County, this State, which ' they utilize considerably for stock purposes. Mr. Burgland was married to Jennie Jacobson, daughter of Jacob Nelson, a native of Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Burgland have become the parents of three sons, namely, Charles, George and Arthur. Mr. Burgland is an energetic and enterprising business man, and eminently successful in his pursuits. ars J. Lindberg, of the firm of Remier & Lindberg, manufacturers and general re- pairers of carriages and wagons. No. 108 South Prairie street, Galesburg, Illinois, was born at Ookkbo Mo, Gastrikland, Gefle Lan, Sweden, March 23, 1845. He was the son of Jons Jonsson and Britalars Dotter Lindberg, the former born in 1813 and the latter in 181 1 ; both were natives of Sweden, where both now reside. Our subject is the second of four children now living. Mr. L. has one sister, Mrs. Oscar Truman, residing in Chicago; the othei sister and brother live in the old country. Mr. Lindberg came to this country in 1865, locat- ing at Wataga, Knox County, working on the farm until 1867, when he began to learn the trade of wagon-making, and in 1870 opened a shop in part- iiership with Charles Hedlun, where they carried on the business for four years, when Mr. L. sold his in- terest to his partner and moved to Burlington, Iowa, where he worked for Bennett & France one year. He then came to Galesburg, in 1876, worked in C, B. & Q. R. R. shops, and for G. W. Brown & Co. In 1883 Mr. L. formed a partnership with Mr. Remier, and they are carrying on an extensive busi- ness. Our subject was married Sept. 10, 187 1, to Miss Kate Olson, who was born in Sweden, Jan. 3, 1847, and came with her parents to America in 1858, locating at Wataga, where her father died, and where the mother now resides. Mr. Lindberg has four children living, viz.: Oscar E., Otelega A., Alice D. and an infant. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members of the First Lutheran Church. illiam Selden Gale. Prominent among the wealthy men and influential citizens of Knox County is the subject of this per- jP sonal narration, who is a capitalist, a man of wide influence, and well known throughout the entire community. He was born in Jeffer- '-' son County, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1822, and is the son of G. W. and Harriet (Selden) Gale, of Dutchess County, N. Y., and Lansingburg, N. Y., respectively. They were married in Troy in 1820, and their union was blessed by the birth of five sons, four of whom grew to manhood, and three daughters, all of whom are now living. They came to Illinois in October, 1836, and lived in Galesburg, where the father died in September, 1861, aged 72 years. His wife had died in 1840, and Mr. Gale remarried with Mrs. Esther (Williams) Coon, widow of Dr. Coon, of New York. G. W. Gale, the father of our subject, was a de- voted and conscientious minister of the Presbyterian Church, and labored faithfully in the vineyard of the Lord while his day lasted. It was he who originated the idea of founding a colony here as early as 1835. ^ i* LIBRARy OF THE L::iVERSITY OF \IU*>- ¥ Jl^NOX COUNTY. 88s < w; Owing to ill health, he was obliged to abandon his ministerial labors, when he retired to a farm, and en- gaged in teaching the young men of his neighbor- hood, asking no compensation and receiving none, save the satisfaction of seeing their condition bet- tered. This school was really the germ implanted which in a few years led a band of early pioneers to the wild prairie of Knox County. G. W. Gale de- •parted this life Sept. 31, 1861. W. Selden Gale attended school in New York prior to 14 years of age, and read law in Galesburg as early as 1842, with Hon. James Knox, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He continued to prac- tice, however, only five or six years, as his attention was occupied with other business. He was one of the organizers of the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co. ; in fact, was the originator of the idea. An article by him on the subject appeared for the first time in the Gales- burg y\ ews Letter, of which he was editor, the scheme being opposed by the rival paper. Mr. Gale has taken an active part in political mat- ters, was a member of the first Board of Supervisors, and with the exception of four years since has been a member of that body. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1869, and of the City Council from 1872 to 1882. Politically he is a Re- publican. Mr. Gale was united in marriage Oct. i, 1S45, at Galesburg, with Caroline Ferris, daughter of Sylva- nus \V. Ferris. Five children have been born to them who are living and three others buried. S^benezer Lass, of Galesburg, head of the firm of Lass, Larson & Lafferty, dealers in wall paper, curtains, paints, glass, etc., !|^ their place of business being 141 Main street. He was born in England in 1839. There he learned ihe trade of painter, paper-hanger, etc., and served an apprenticeship of seven years. After- ward he worked three and a half years at this occu- pation in the city of London, then emigrated to the United States and came to Galesburg. Here he engaged in business for himself for about six years, and then took tlie position of foreman with Cook & Lee. The junior member of the firm of Cook & Lee was succeeded by Mr. Beach, and he by Mr. Lass, and, in r882, with Messrs. Larsonand Lafferty, estab- lished the present business of Lass, Larson & Laf- ferty. Mr. Lass was married to Miss Emma Pittock, a native of England, and by her has surviving four children — Gracie E., Charles F., William P. and Florence K. Mrs. L. died Feb. 22, 1882. Mr. Lass was married again in 1886 to Miss Lucy M. Jerauld, of Galesburg. lanson G. Charles is an extensive land- _^^\ owner, and is one of the leading farmers of Ijlig* ^ Knox County. His residence is handsome MJ^ and commodious, built in the modern style of architecture, and stands on a most delightful site overlooking the village of Knoxville, from wjiich it is three-quarters of a mile distant. We pre- sent a full-page view of his residence and surround- ings in this .Album. Mr. Charles was born in Knox Township, Feb. 2t, 1846. His parents were George A. and Dorlinsky (Post) Charles. George A., his father, of whom a sketch is given elsewhere in this volume, was one of the leading men in Knox County. Our subject has been uninterruptedly a resident of the township ever since his birth. His marriage with Miss Lottie Rog- ers, daughter of Charles and Eliza (Phillips) Rogers, took place Nov. 24, 1868, and with his young biide he went onto the place which he now occupies as a home. Charles Rogers and wife came from the State of New York in 1844. The former was a native of Connect- icut, and his wife of England. He settled in Knox Township, and engaged in farming, where Mrs. Charles was born Jan. 31, 1848. The location of Mr. C.'s farm is on section 27, and reasonable success has crowned his efforts as an agriculturist, and he now owns one of the finest places in that section of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Charles have had born to them five children — George, Albert, deceased ; Roger, de- ceased ; Alice and Bessie. This hajipy household is the admiration of friends and neighbors, who always find good cheer and courteous hospitality within its precincts. Both husband and wife are earnest sup- porters of every good work and word, and are active ■* ^»-i 886 KNOX COUNTY. members of the Presbyterian Church, endeavoring to live consistent Christian lives. Mr. Charles is a well-informed man and a per- sistent reader of the newspapers. He votes the Dem- ocratic ticket, but in politics may be called strictly m- dependent, watching always the pending issues, and according to his best judgment giving his voice and support in behalf of the man best fitted for the office. He has filled several local offices, including that of Supervisor for four terms, and always with the ut- most credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all concerned. As a stock raiser and feeder, he ranks with the foremost in the county. He makes his prin- cipal business that of grazing and fattening cattle. He has i,ooo acres of blue-grass pasture, 800 of which are in a body, forming a most desirable location for his business. He is a public-spirited and enter- prising man, and one who is a credit to the county of his nativity and home. 'irW#^^^^#«'«^ ', on. Henry Runkle, deceased, who was one of Kno.wille's best known and most suc- cessful merchants, was born at Watervleit, Albany Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1807, and was the third son of John and Ellen (Van Woort) Run- kle. He was reared to the calling of an agri- culturist, and attended school in his native city, supplementing his education by attendance to the academy at Syracuse. After leaving school Mr. Runkle taught for awhile at Syracuse. Later we find him employed in a flour and feed store. In 1833, he emigrated to Illinois, locating at Knoxville, where he engaged as surveyor. He purchased village property, and in 1834 erected a store. In the following year, in company with his brother, Cornelius, he opened a general store. In 1836 he sold out his interest in the store to his brother, and built a steam saw-mill in the village, this being the first establishment of the kind in the county. A few years later our subject added a flour- ing-mill to his possessions. He was elected County Clerk in 1837, in which capacity he served creditably for ten years. After the expiration of his term of office, Mr. Runkle was en- gaged in the management of his mills until his death. The maiden name of our subject's wife was Caro- line M. Fitch. After Mr. Runkle's demise, she re- married, and is now a resident of California. Mr. Runkle served as member of the i6th General As- sembly, elected in the fall of 1848. O. G. Johnson, of the firm of Anderson & Johnson, of the City Mills, Galesburg, was lilf^S}" » born in Skane, City of Christianstadt, K^ Sweden, Jan. 10, 1844. He came to Gales- -5^ burg in 1869. For three and a half years he '[ followed farming ; the succeeding two years he clerked in a grocery house, forming then a partner- ship with John Clarkson, which lasted seven years. In 1881 he engaged in milling, to which he has since devoted his time. (See biography of A. G. Ander- son, this volume.) Mr. Johnson was married at Galesburg, Feb. 13, 1878, to Miss Sophia Anderson, who died Aug. 12, 1882, leaving one child, a daughter — Blenda Ame- lia; they have buried an infant. Mr. Johnson's JU parents yet reside in Sweden. They reared four 1 sons and five daughters, the subject of this sketch being the eldest and the only one in America. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and in politics a Republican. illiam McGowan, deceased, a pioneer of ^.^ Knox County, of 1833, was born in Penn- 'iyf' sylvania, Oct. 12, 1812. His father was % a merchant and our subject clerked in his itore, which was located in Milton County, Pa., until they had the misfortune to lose their entire properly, including stock and building, by a flood. After this disaster he was variously employed up to T833, the date of his removal to Illinois, locat- ing in Knoxville, where he clerked for JohnG. San- burn. In 1837 William McGowan was married and re- moved to Stone River, and became the first perma- nent settler at Maquon. He purchased an interest in the village site, and aided in platting the village of Maquon, whither he removed with his wife, begin- ning housekeeping in a primitive log cabin. Soon KNOX COUNTY. 887 after settling here our subject was elected Justice of the Peace, and when the Post-Office was established, he was appointed the first Postmaster of Maiiuon. After residing there for about ten years, he purchased a small, but desirable, farm in Knox Township, and followed the calling of agriculturist for a period of three years. He then disiwsed of this farm and bought a residence in the city of Knoxville, and con- tinued to reside there until his demise, which took place in 1870. Mr. McGowan held many offices. He was Justice of the Peace for many years ; for four years he was County Treasurer. Politically he was an old-line Whig until the formation of the Re- publican party, when he joined its ranks. Mr. McGowan was united in marriage with Mar- gery McPherson. She was bom in Champaign County, Ohio, March 4, 1819, and became the mother of eight children, of whom we give the following brief memoranda : William H. resides in Henry- County, 111.; Curtis; Mary, wife of J. S. Simpson, ■ residing at Knoxville ; Carrie, who became the wife j of James Thomas and lives in Kansas ; Frank, who ' makes Kno.xville his home ; Belle ; Charles, living . at Elmwood, Peoria County, and Harry, making Kan- sas his home. ilbert Evans, of Kno.xville, a pioneer of Knox County, who came to this section in .^Ij— '""^ 1856, is a native of Connecticut, and was ■^ » bom in Hartfi T is the son of I Evans, both n rtford County, Dec. 27, 1813. He of Josiah and Mary (Sweetland) latives of Connecticut. Ourbub- ject was eight years of age when his parents moved to New York State and settled in Madison County. There he grew to manhood, and at the age of 18 com- menced to learn the trade of carpenter and joiner. At that vocation he continued working' in the State of New York until 1836, when he came to Illinois and settled in the village of Knoxville. Laboring at this occupation in that city and its vicinity, he be- came a fixture, remaining ubout 20 years. At that time he invested in land, buying 30 acres in Kno.\ Township, lying adjacent to the city. Erecting a dwelling, he moved his family there and engaged in farming pursuits until i860, at which time he came to Knoxville, and rented the principal hotel there, by name the Knoxville House. Two or three years later he bought the place and has kept a public house ever since. He was united in marriage in the year 1838, to Sylvia A. Bentley, a native of the State of New York, and they are the parents of two children, as follows : Sarah J., wife of Henry Hoffraaster, living at Rock Island, and William, whose home is in Knox Town- ship. rank W. Latimer, a grocer of Abingdon, and one of the promising young men of ■^ this county, was born in Knox County, Feb. 21, 1868. He is the son of William M. and Mary E. (Humiston) Latimer, and the grandson of Jonathan and great-grandson of Elder Joseph Latimer; sketches of the lives of both of these men appear on other pages of this work. William M. Latimer was engaged the greater part of his life in mercantile pursuits, in Abingdon. He died in 1872, on the old homestead where his father settled in 1832. Frank W. Latimer was educated at Hedding Col- lege, from which institution he graduated. He then engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising in Cedar and Indian Point Townships. In March, 1886, he came to Abingdon and embarked in the grocery and provision trade, in which he still contin- ues. In 1879-81, during the session of the Legisla- ture, he was appointed Bill Clerk, and subsequently Third Assistant and then Second Assistant Clerk. He is a young man of fine business talent, strictly tem- perate, and strongly Republican in his politics. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and Treasurer of his congregation. He is also a mem- ber of Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F., and is at present its presiding oflScer. On April 8, 1886, he was united in marriage with Miss Carrie L. Becker, daughter of John and Mary Becker, of Gales- burg, and old settlers of Knox County. J|,harles T. Larson, of the firm of Lass, Lar- X son & Lafferty, was born in Sweden, Sept. iST'^ "*■ 28, i860, and came to Galesburg with his parents in the spring of 1871, where he was brought up and educated in the public schools. At the age of 17 Mr. Larson be- gan clerking for the firm of Cook & Beach, and in dward H. Stilson, M. D., a physician of ^ Knoxville, was born in Waterville, Me., 'iiW' April 17, 1847, and is the son of Henry -?tv^ and Annis Stilson, natives of Maine. His father was a sailor, and master of a vessel in the mercantile marine service, and died in Hong Kong, in 1847, leaving a wife and one child. After the demise of her husband, Mrs. Stilson went to Waterville, Me., where she made her home with her father-in-law, Mr. Lemuel Stilson. In 1855 the widow of our subject emigrated to Illinois, and located at Clinton, De Witt County, where, in T857, she became the wife of D. B. Van Druver, and soon afterward removed to Bloomington, where her de- mise occurred in 1859. The subject of this sketch joined his mother in Clinton in 1857. After her decease he came to Knox County, and hved with an uncle, J. F. Stilson, residing at Galesburg. He attended the city schools, and later on entered Galesburg Academy. In Feb- ruary, 1863, he enlisted in Co. H, 14th 111. Vol. Inf., and went South. He participated in the battles of Columbia, S. C, Goldsboro and Raleigh. On his return from the war Dr. Stilson entered the Preparatory Class of Knox College. He recommenced the study of medicine with Drs. W. W. Porter and M. S. Carr, in 1867. Mr. Stilson matriculated at Hahnemann College, Philadelphia, graduating there- from in 187 1. Subsequent to completing his studies he came directly to Knoxville, and engaged in the practice of his profession. Oct. 20, 1884, Dr. E. H. Stilson and Miss Kate, the accomplished daughter of John and Hannah Eads, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. Dr. Stilson is a member of Traflin Post, G. A. R., of which post he is also Surgeon, and of Pacific Lodge, No. 400, A. F. & A. M. onathan Knapp. One of the successful farmers of Knox County is found in the person of our subject, whose home is situ- ated on section 13, of Copley Township. Mr. jT Knapp was born in Gallia County, Ohio, Aug. \ II, 182 I, and is the son of Abraham and Ra- chel (Cherrington) Knapp, natives of Virginia. They ' moved from Virginia to Ohio in 1804, settling in Gallia County, where they remained until their deaths in 1825 and 1841. They had a family consisting of ten h children, four of whom are still living — Margaret, Moses, Lucinda and Jonathan. The subject of our sketch remained at home about four years after the death of his parents and assisted in the farm work, attending school in the meantime. Longing to see the Far West, after leaving home, he visited Illinois, and in 1853 settled in Knox County, purchasing 180 acres of land on section 24. There he lived on the place, working it and cultivating it for four years. He now owns and occupies the home- stead on section 13, consisting of 160 acres, and has improved it and brought out its best qualities. He has fenced it, set out fruit and shade trees, and done everything possible to give it a cheery, homelike ap- pearance. He is interested in the raising of grain and cattle, in which he is very successful. Mr. Knapp was married July 3, 1856, to Miss Mary Jane Olmstead. Mrs. Knapp is the daughter of Darius and Electa (Sornborger) Olmstead, natives of Connecticut and New York respectively. He came to Illinois in 1840 and lived here 19 years, dying in 1859. The mother died in New York in 1830. The family circle included eight children, Mrs. Knapp being the only one living. Mr. and Mrs. Knapp of this sketch have a family C^ t KNOX COUNTY. 891 f of three children — Josephine, Frank and Daniel ; the latter died in 1869. Mr. Knapp belongs to the Na- tional party and has held offices of different kinds in his township. He is very pleasant and popular and is at the present time School Director and Pathiuaster, and an honest man and a good citizen. -^ ^-# "^ illiam Hiser. Prominent among the early settlers and practical farmers of Knox „ County may be noted the subject of this 3> biography, who is well known ici business circles, and at the present time is engaged in the grocery trade in Knoxville. He was bom in Virginia, Jan. 20, 1812. His father, Abraham Riser, was a native of Germany, where he was reared as a farmer. When young he emigated to America, locating in Ohio, and there married Mary Bohrer, also born in Germany. After marriage they removed to Virginia, where they lived for about two years, then returned to Ohio and settled in Clermont Coun- ty, where the husband and father died in i8r2. He left a wife and two children to mourn his loss, and his widow, after a short time, remarried and spent her last days in Pickaway County, Ohio. Our subject was but a few months old when his father died, and he made his home with his mother and stepfather until he attained the age of 13. He then started out to make his own way in the worid. The first two and one-half years he lived with an uncle at New Holland, Pickaway County, assisting him in the store, and obtaining a rudimentary busi- ness drill. He was fond of mercantile pursuits, and though aftervvard he labored four years with Judge Tallman, a farmer and extensive stock-raiser, he never abandoned the idea of some day engaging in trade. The Judge was often absent from home, leaving the young man in charge of the farm. Mr. Riser was united in marriage, in 1837, with Sarah Lawrence, of Ross County, Ohio, and soon afterward rented a farm in Pickaway County, where they lived until r839. In October of that year they came to Knox County, making the entire journey overland with a pair of horses and several wagons. After a journey of 21 days they arrived at their des- tination, locating in Knoxville. In the spring of 1840, he rented a farm, without, however, abandon- ' ing his former business, and in 1841, brickmaking having become a paying enterprise, he engaged in it until the fall of r86r, at which time he returned to Knoxville. In 1862 he was elected Collector of Knoxville and Knox Township, which position he held for 12 years, and when his official duties per- mitted employed his time as clerk at various places of business. In 1881, with his son as partner, he engaged in the grocery business until Januar)', 1885, when he sold out and bought a store on the west side of the Square, which he stocked with a well- assorted line of groceries. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Riser have been born six children, as follows: Carrie, wife of W. C. HoUister, attorney at Edina, Mo. ; Samuel D. ; Anna, wife of George Woodmansee, of Fayetteville, Ark.; William H., resident of Holt County, Ohio; Emma, wife of Ed. Russell, living in Persifer Township, and Ada, widow of G. B. Swartz, living with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. R. are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he joined in 1833. In poli- tics he is a strong Republican. -K3- --^i^ -e*- illiam E. Hoyle, Jr., now the head of the long- established firm of Hoyle & Son, manufacturers of mill picks and miners' tools, 3r7 East South street, Galesburg, was •■ born at New Haven, Conn., Aug. ir, 1842, 1^, and was the yoimger of two sons of William R. and Elvira (Bristol) Hoyle, natives of England and Connecticut respectively. William Hoyle, Sr., was born May 15, iSio, in Folkestone, county of Kent, England, and came to America in 1830; he was married in Connecticut, where his two sons and two daughters were born, and brought his family to Galesburg in 1857, and at once established the business now managed by the subject of this sketch, and from which he retired in 1877. He at this writing (January, 1886) resides in Chicago, and is upward of 76 years of age. In the manufacture of mill picks he attained the highest perfection. In fact the secret (now |X)ssessed by his son) of making a perfect mill pick from steel was discovered by him, and is known to-day to no othes man on the Ajpericfin cpntinent. Various picks ^ > =!^^r^* 892 £:jvox county. have been worked off by manufacturers upon millers throughout the United States, only to result in fail- ure, disappointment and consequent distrust. But now it is no longer questioned, especially with the thousands who have tried them, that a perfect pick can be and is manufactured by this firm, and at a price that renders their expense to a miller merely nominal. They send these goods to every State and Territory in the Union, and in no single instance have they failed to give the greatest satisfaction. Mr. Hoyle of our sketch is one of the most prom- inent Masons in the city, and in the work of the Blue Lodge and Chapter ranks second to none. He has been six times in succession elected Worshipful Master of Vesper Lodge, No. 584, and is at this writing Principal Sojourner of Galesburg Chapter, No. 46. He was married at Galesburg, May 28, 1867, to Miss Josephine Eggleston, who died Oct. 26, 1882, leaving five children, namely: Edward R., who is a mechanic; Nettie, William, Emily, Juha, and an infant, deceased. % obert N. Wallace, a prominent grocer of Knoxville, was born in Montgomery County, Va., June 4, 1830, and his father, Robert Wallace, was also a native of Virginia. The aiden name of his mother was Sarah Wal- lace, born in Pennsylvania. Robert Wallace, Sr., was a farmer, confining his industries to a large farm of which he was proprietor in Montgomery County, and upon which he died in 1845. Our subject was 15 years of age at the time of his father's death, and then assumed the management of the farm. Though young, his judgment was good and his ideas logical, and success attended him. He continued at his labors until 1854, when he started West to seek a location where he might found a new home. Coming directly to Knox County, he en- gaged for two years in brickmaking. The third year he resumed agricultural pursuits, and in 1857 purchased a small stock of groceries in a store that had been established for a few years. He added to the groceries from time to time, and afterward put in a stock of hardware, finally handling the latter exclu- sively. At the expiration of five years he sold out and bought a small farm within the corporate limits of Knoxville, upon which he remained for four years. In the spring of 1 885 he again returned to the gro- cery business, which appears to have been his favor- ite occupation. His union with Margaret Vance took place Feb. 23, 1854. She was born in Kentucky, and was the mother of three children — William M. and Sarah E., twins; Emma May. William M.,born Dec. 29, 1854, and died Sept. 19, 1885 ; Sarah E., his twin sister, died Dec. 25, 1858; Emma M. married a Mr. Wat- son, May 23, 1862, and died May 20, 1884, leaving one child with the subject of our history. Her hus- band died one month previously. The little orphan was taken into the home of Mr. Wallace and tender- ly cared for. I ^(^M? illiam Arms, resident of Knoxville, was born in Conway, Franklin Co., Mass., jI^;^'" March 31, 18 18, and is the youngest son !> of Henry and Experience (Gates) Arms (See sketch of Henry Arms.) He grew to anhood in his native town and was reared on| the farm, and educated in the public schools. After he was 21 he was employed on neighboring farms, and in 1842, possessed of an ambition to do and t0( be something, he came West to seek a home, jour- neying by way of stage to Troy, thence by rail and canal to Buffalo, and I'roni there by lake to Toledo. He then took the railroad to Adrian, Mich., going thence via stage and private conveyance to Knox- ville, where two of his brothers lived. The first two years he clerked for them, and after that engaged in the manufacture of brick. In 1854 he became in- terested in the hardware business, which he followed for ten years, then sold out and entered the United States service as a carpenter. After the forces were organized he was appointed cook and remained in the service until the close of the war. Since that time he has been variously employed ; was for eight years Street Commissioner in the city of Knoxville ; has been Assessor, and has served as City and Town- ship Collector. Politically he was formerly a Whig, and joined the Republican party when it was formed. He still adheres strongly to most of its principles, but is also a Prohibitionist. Mr. Arms was united in marriage with Ann Elizabeth Smith Aug. 7, 1845. She was born at T ^mi^'.. KNOX COUNTY. 893 Camden, N. Y., and is the daughter of William and Polly (Pond) Smith, both natives of Connecticut. Our subject and his wife are the parents of four chil- dren, as follows: Henry G., born May 15, 1846, en- listed in 1863 in Co. A, vyih 111. Vol. Inf., joining Banks' command at New Orleans. He was in the Red River expedition and was captured by the en- emy April 8, 1S64, remaining in their hands until May, 1865, at Camp Ford, Te.xas. He now lives in Knoxville. The remaining children are Albert C, born March 28, 1849, a merchant residing in Elm- wood ; Clara Amelia, living in Lewistown, 111., and Brainard Orton, a merchant at Knoxville. j^apt. J. F. Stilson, extensive dealer in P' hardware, agricultural implements, stoves. carriages, etc., Galesburg, 111., was born at fj,j$ Waterville, Me., March 5, 1827. His par- ^ ents, Lemuel and Rhoda (Atwood) Stilson, < natives of Maine, and descended from Scotch ancestors, were married at Frankfort, their native State, and at the town of Waterville they reared their five sons and three daughters. Lemuel Stilson was a carriage manufacturer in his day, and the most extensive one in that State. He lived to be 62 years old, and died in 1858. His widow survived him about three years and died at the age of 62. The subject of our sketch left the common schools and at the age of 16 commenced his seafaring life and followed it for 13 years thereafter. At the age of 22 he was promoted to Second Mate; at 23, to First Mate, and at 24 to Captain. He plied between New York and the various European jwrts, with an occasional voyage to the West Indies. Capt. Wheeler commanded the good ship of which young Stilson was mate, and Mrs. Capt. Wheeler divided the honors with the commander at a beautiful little cottage located at Hampdon, Me. At times, when the good ship was in jxjrt, a certain member of the cottage crew was wont to pay her respects to the commander, and in doing so necessarily fell under the eyes of the mate. Now this member of the dry- land crew was of that age that naturally developed very rapidly many admirable characteristics, and the junior officer of the merchant vessel was also of that age most calculated to observe and appreciate such development. So it turned out in due process of time that the good old Captain learned that his trusted young officer had determined ujxin quitting the ocean and establishing a ''dry -land craft," the second officer whereof was to be the little sailor that but a few years before had played about the decks of the merchantman. Capt. J. F. Stilson was married at Hampden, Maine, Feb. 22, 1853, to Miss Mary Ann Wheeler, the accomplished daughter of Capt. W. Wheeler, of the merchant marine. Though she made her young husband promise lo quit the sea at once, she, instead, became his willing companion on many a long voyage. She accomjjanied her husband to Galesburg in 1856, and here yielded up her life in 1867. Of her four children we make the following brief mention: The eldest, Frank, is in business with his father; Minnie is an accomplished teacher in the High School; Charlotte is married to Mr. W. H. Chambers, one of Galesburg's pushing merchants, and Annie W. is at home. ] Capt. Wheeler came West in 1859, and died in Galesburg, in 1867, in the 64th year of his age. Hel spent 50 years of his life upon the ocean. Sincer coming to Galesburg Capt. Stilson has been engaged I in his present business, associated, however, withj two or three other parties at various limes, and inter- ested for some years in the manufacture of agricult- ural implements. In business he has been remark- ably successful, and his rank in the mercantile world to-day is second to none in the county. Capt. S.'s second marriage occurred in this city, Feb. 13, 1869, when he was united with Miss Emma Howland, a native of New York, and his youngest child. Earl, is now in college. Capt. Stilson has made his own way in the world; when he was 21 years of age, he visited his old home, and his mother presented him with two white shirts, which consti- tuted the sum of his gratuities. "^^'ames E. Brown, Treasurer of the G. W. ^ Brown Corn- Planter Co., of Galesburg, was born in Warren County, 111., April 12, 1837. He is the son of G. W. Brown (see biography), was reared on the farm and at the age of 19 was sent to Galesburg, and was in the shop up to 1862 ; he then returned to farming. t 4-. ;t» 894 JCNOX COUNTY. at which he continued for 12 years, but eventually went back to his shop work. He has continued in the works since 1874, and at the organization of the company, in 1880, was appointed its Treasurer. Mr. Brown was united in marriage at Galesburg, May 2, 1859, with Mary E. Musser, a native of Ports- mouth, Ohio, and is the father of three children- Jennie E. (Mrs. M. J. Dougherty), George E., Di- rector of G. W. Brown & Co., and Flora M. Their family circle is a pleasant and agreeable one, and he is a sohd and substantial citizen. He belongs to no secret order, but is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Galesburg, and has been a member of its Board of Directors since that time. I illiam H. Leighton. Within the confines of Knox County are clustered some of the homesteads that taste, persevering labor and money have founded, and prominent among these is the farm lying on section 17, Copley Township, owned by the subject of our biography. From a humble beginning, and with the principle in his mind, "know no such word as fail," he has struggled to the heights of prosperity on which he now stands. Mr. Leighton was born in New York City, in 1835, on the 8th of October. His parents, William and Isabelle (Ironside) Leighton, were natives of Scot- land, and came to America in 1832. The family re- mained in the city, where the father engaged as clerk in a store. He worked there and also for a printing- house, and fortune began to smile upon his efforts. In 1837 he came to Knoxville, and there worked at whatever employment he could find for some length of time. He continued thus for some years, then en- gaged in the mercantile business, and followed this for a few years, gaining a goodly number of cus- tomers and friends. He after a time sold out his store and began farming on section 17, in Copley Township. He purchased here 220 acres of land and remained on the same quite a number of years. After that he purchased 530 acres on section 13, Sparta Township, where he remained until his death, in 1861. The mother died in 1840. William H. Leighton lived at home until 25 years old. He received a practical education, better than many boys, and in 1863 purchased the place where he now lives. This comprises 180 acres, and he has devoted his time to the raising of stock and grain, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Leighton relates a little incident connected with the thrashing in 1863: While oiling the machine his clothes caught in the gearing and were stripped from his body, e.x- cept his boots and shirt-band. He had purchased a jack-knife the day before, and that and his clothes and $85 in greenbacks were ground to paper-rags. He sent the money that was ground to pieces to Washington, and they remitted him $30. Our subject was united in marriage to Miss Janettc. McKee, who was born July 13, 1842, and is the daughter of William and Margaret (Miller) McKee. They were natives of Scotland, and came to America in 1840, settling in Persifer Township, Knox County. Here they remained for two years and then moved to Copley Township, wliere they lived on section 18, and continued there until the death of the father, in 1848, and the mother in 1880. Mr. Leighton has a family of five children, in- cluding Maggie, May, Isabelle, Alice and Charles. He has a most amiable and intelligent family, and their home is a pleasant resort, good cheer always abound- ing there. Mr. Leighton is Republican in politics, and has held many of the minor offices, among them Commissioner of Highways, Supervisor, School Di- rector and Trustee. At the present time he holds the office of Supervisor. Both himself and wife are members in good and regular standing in the Pres- byterian Church. eorge W. Weir. Prominent among the pioneers of Knox County, known for his energy and industry, and as an honorable and upright citizen, stands the subject of this historical narration. He came to Rio Town- ship in the fall of 1836, when only a boy of 19 years, from Morgan County, Ohio, and here began his labors for the establishment of a home, in which labors he has prospered in a manner far exceeding expectations. When Mr. Weir came to Knox County, he engaged for a time in different occupations, among them farm labor, which lasted for nearly seven years, and at the i-*- rh i f4- XNOX COUNTY. 895 expiration of that time he purchased a farm in Henry Count)'. Here he settled and lived for 12 years, then sold out and bought land in Rio Township, upon which he permanently settled and engaged in its cultivation and improvement. He is now the owner of 334 acres in Rio Township, besides a half- section in Kansas. Mr. Weir formed a matrimonial alliance Jan. 7, 1844, with Miss Lydia J. Epperson, who has proved a helpmate in the truest and best acceptation of the term. She is a daughter of Pedro W. Epperson (see sketch), and was born in Kentucky, Dec. 16, 1825, coming to Knox County with her parents at the age of it years, in the spring of 1836. Mr. and Mrs. Weir are the parents of nine chil- dren — William J., Anson N., James B., John F.. George A., Charlie, Hattie L. and Mary D. Of these Hattie died when three years of age ; one child, un- named, died in infancy; William J. and Anson live in Missouri, both farmers, and the latter also engaged in stock-raising; James is a merchant and the Post- 1 ^ •' I master of Mount Pleasant, Kan.; John F. resides in St. Louis, Mo., and is chief bill-of-lading clerk in the Superintendent's oflBce of the Louisville & NashNnlle Railroad ; George A. and Charlie are engaged in stock-raising on the old homestead in Rio Township ; and Mar)- D. is yet under the parental roof, giving lessons in music, embroidery, crochet and other decorative work. In politics Mr. Weir is a Democrat. >~'VA, •xtifi^-®-^ #».^,S1.'2'OT»»~"W»~ ^^1^ C. Clay was bom in Chester County, Vt., Feb. 13, 1829. He was educated in Gales- i'!^a="" burg, but preferring agricultural pursuits has followed that calling all his life. He is the sou of John L. and Louisa (Balch) Clay, natives of Vermont, and is of English extrac- tion. Mr. Clay knows very little of any home other than Knox County, as he came here with his parents in 1840. He is a man of integrity, and his reputa- tion has caused him to be sought as an incumbent of township oflBces. He is a Director of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, of Galesburg, and is one of the wealthy men of the county, owning from 800 to 900 acres of fine land, 450 of which lie in this count)'. In 1880, prompted by the wishes and arguments of political advisers, he permitted his name to be used as candidate for the State Senate, and he has also filled minor official positions in the county. He was married in 1854, at Knoxville, then his home, to which he removed from Henderson, and later to Galesburg, now his residence. His father died in 1878, at the mature age of 76. Our subject was active in the construction of the county jail, being appointed Superintendent at the time. In religious belief he has no choice, and does not affiliate with any secret order. In politics he is Democratic. ichael Mount, passenger conductor on the C, B. & Q. R. R., is the son of Will- iam and Alzeria (Gates) Mount, natives of Virginia and Tennessee. He was born 'i^ near Knoxville, Tenn., Jan. 22, 1841. His I father was a farmer by occupation, and died near his old home in 1858, aged 58 years. The subject of this sketch was inured to farm life, the duties whereof were interspersed with occa- J sional attendance at the neighboring school. Before he was 20 years of age, at which time he left home, he augmented his learning materially by a course at a commercial school, with a view to still further ad- vancement in study. But the war between the States broke out, and as early as February, 1861, young Mount presented himself at Strawberry Plains as a volunteer ol the Southern Army, and at once became a member of Capt. Lynchs battery. He was in a short time transferred to the ist Tenn. Cav., and was with this command until he left the service, which he did at the surrender of Vicksburg, where he was made prisoner, July 4, 1863. In the Decem- ber following he came to Quincy, III , where he ob- tained employment until August, 1864, when he be- came brakeman on the C, B. & Q. R. R. From freight brakeman he became passenger brakeman, and two years later, in 1866, train baggageman. In 1 869 he was placed in charge of a freight train as conductor, and in 1884 promoted to a passenger train, where we find him, January, 1886, and where his numerous friends hope to find him for many years to come. To rise from a freight brakeman to a permanency in the conductorshipof a C, B. & Q. passenger train is considered by railroad men in ,M|. a 896 ^NOX COUNTY. this countU' as the highest testimonial of merit. We use the word permanency in its limited sense ; no man is ever permanently with any railroad company unless he owns it, but the term distinguishes the regular employe in any department from the novi- tiate. Mr. Mount was married at Fowler, Adams Co., 111., April 9, 1868, to Miss Annie Mitchell, daughter of James W. Mitchell, Esq., of that county. They have become the parents of three children, living, na"aed Charles H., Alzeria and RoUa, and have buried one infant. Mr. Mount is a Knight Templar and a member of Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, and also belongs to the A. O. U. W. ; he is also a member of the Order of Railway Conductors. ; rof. W. C. Parker. Prominent as a pro- fessional gentleman, respected as a citizen •.^ and honored for his sterling worth and in- ¥ 1 fij J tegrityi is the subject of this notice, residing J>i ■fllN- in Galesburg. He is engaged in dealing in all ' * kinds of music and is also a teacher of vocal and instrumental music, and has attained prominence in his profession. He came to Galesburg in the spring of 1875. Two years later he established a music store on Prairie street, where he operated suc- cessfully until May of that year, when he engaged in the business which he is now carrying on at 121 Main street. Prof. Parker was born in Madison County, N. Y., April 23, 1832. His parents were natives of that State and there resided until their death. Prof. Par- ker was educated in his native county, in the schools of Syracuse, and prior to attaining his majority he spent seven years in the study of vocal and instru- mental music, having studied at Boston, Newbury- port and New York City, and completed his education under the instruction of the celebrated German, Prof. Held, together with that of Prof. Allen, an American instructor. After conjpleting his educa- tion he took up his residence at Syracuse, where he followed his profession for some six years. While there he established a musical institute, and during his residence in that city was busily occupied in conducting the same. From Syracuse he removed to Valparaiso, Ind., where, about 1864, he established a conservatory, where he was engaged in teaching until 187 1, meeting with signal success. He then came to this State, and, settling in Waterloo, he start- ed another conservatory, which was at that time the largest institution of the kind in the West, and from which a great many pupils graduated. From Waterloo Prof Parker came to this city, and, on account of ill health, partially abandoned teach- ing and turned his attention to the sale of music. He has been a thorough student and has done much to advance the musical interests of the communities in which he has resided. His skill is remarkable, and his ability as a teacher is well known, not only in this county and State, but in many of the States east and west of this. His experience has been ex- tensive, and he claims to have been the instructor of as many pupils in his art as any other living man. In May, 1875, Pi^of Parker was married at Water- loo to Miss Cornelia Drake, daughter of B. S. Drake, of New Haven, N. Y. She was born Oct. 14, 1853, and was educated in New York. She began teaching school at the age of 17, and followed her chosen vocation until hir marriage. She also graduated in music under her husband's instruction in 1872, and is credited with possessing unusual musical talent. She has very materially assisted her husband in teaching the art, and in their united efforts they have been eminently successuful. Mrs. Parker is a mem- ber of the Baptist Church, and socially Prof. Parker is a member of the Knights of Pylhias ; in politics he votes with the Republican party. -,» .#>#. v^ l_. .2~-ij,enry Gardt, of the firm of Frohlich, Gardt T iiiSij: & Co., wholesale and retail liquor dealers, ^fi^ was born in Germany, June 16, 1852, and ah came to America in 1868. His first settlement I for any considerable length of time was in I Galesburg, at which place he has since resided. He came here a poor boy, and began clerking for Mr. C. Brechwald, now deceased, and remained with that gentleman for many years. The savings of the salary paid him by Mr. Brechwald enabled him to go into business for himself, and the house with which he is now connected is second to none in Galesburg. The firm are sole agents for the celebrat- ed Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, of St Louis. ^ LIBRARY OF THE i:::vERsiTY of illiv ^crmj^ ^JP (^V^^^^^-^^ ^-^^ a.^y JL^ ^^ LIBRARY OF THE L .IVERSUY OF ILU^*' A. KNOX COUNTY. 901 Mr. G. was married at Galesburg, May 18, 1876, to Barbara Glasser, of German descent. Thfir two living children are named Florence and Chauncey H. They have buried two, aged respectively four and one and one-half years. Mr. G. has served in all for two years as Alderman, is a Knight Templar, a Knight of Pythias, and a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. fit eorge W. Melton is one of the largest and ^^^ most extensive land-owners of Ontario "" - "^ Township, and its oldest actual settler. His residence is located on section 31. Mr. Melton's birthplace was Ex-President Harri- son's old farm, situated in the vicinity of Cory- don, Harrison Co., Ind., and the date Sept. 5, 1811. At this time the country was almost a wilderness, and what is now the State was then a Territory. David Melton, the father of George W., was born in North Carolina, and was a fanner during his en- tire life. His father, Eli, and his mother, Sarah vl (Barnett) Melton, went to Danville, Ky., and located a home when David was but a small child. His i grandparents were bom in Virginia, going from there I to North Carolina, where they remained for a nuni- 1 ber of years. David Melton, after arriving at the I years of discretion and manhood, came to Indiana, ' and subsequently received into his home the aged grandparents, Eli and Sarah Melton. After making , their home with him a few years, they died there. i The father of the subject of this notice, after his re- I moval to Indiana, engaged as an employe of Gen. I William H. Harrison, who was at that time Territo- rial Governor. His energy, industry and upright character caused him to meet with marked success. While carrying on his agricultural pursuits he made tha acquaintance of and afterward married Cathe- rine Pffrimer, whose father, John G. Pffrimer, held the position of Superintendent of Gen. Harrison's farm. The mother of our subject was born in Susquehanna County, Pa., and came when a child to Harrison County, Ind., with her parents. George W. was the eldest child of the family, and not long after his birth his parents removed from the Harrison estate, locating on a farm situated in the timber bordering on Buck Creek. They remained there a short time, when they moved near Corydon. In ■ -* this neighborhood he grew to manhood, and in the month of May, 1834, came to Kno.x County. His worldly possessions at this time amounted to $500 and a few head of cattle. These he turned out and allowed to run wild over the prairie, while he worked at odd jobs here and there for a short time ; then in company with a friend, Samuel Dean, who had visited Illinois and knew something of the country, and who was the direct cause of his coming, rented a farm, in the year 1835. Mr. Dean soon afterward married, and with him Mr. Melton made his home till 1836. His own marriage occurred March 24 of this year (1836), and took place at the residence of the bride's parents at Henderson, Knox County. Mary (Riley) Melton, his wife, was the daughter of William and Ellen (Jewell) Riley, natives of Kentucky. Her grandparents, who were of Southern ancestry, went to Ohio County, Ky., while the country was in a wild and unsettled condition, and the Indians sull held possession of its forests. The grandfather of Mrs. Melton was at one time taken prisoner by the i , Indians, and only escaped after a long and weary confinement of ten years. He and his wife came to the home of their son, the father of Mrs. Melton, who was married and lived in Harrison County. At this place he died, and his wife aftenvard married Wil- son Highfield, removing to Henderson, Knox Co., III., at which place she was buried. Mrs. Melton was born March 9, 1818, near Leav- enworth, Crawford Co., Ind., her parents having re- moved thither from Harrison County, and was the eldest of six children. At the rime of the removal of lier family to Henderson, which was in May, 1833, what is now a flourishing village consisted of only a few families. Her father purchased a piece of land, upon which they settled, and commenced what was afterward a most attractive home. Here he departed this life in 1S49. Some years later her mother re- moved 10 Fairfield, Jefferson Co., Iowa, the home of her daughter, Mrs. Elzan Gillett, wife of Luster GiU lett, remaining there until her death, in 1880, at the ripe age of 87 years. Mrs. .Melton is the mother of 11 children, one of whom is deceased ; those living number as follows: Sarah E., wife of Ralph Voris, now deceased ; Mrs. Voris lives on a farm in this county. Henry, the second in order of birth, and wife, Ellen (Cole) Mel- ton, reside on a farm in Lane County, Ore. ; he served in the Civil War. William, the second son, who mar- ^-f- C» ^* 902 ^JV^OX COUNTY. ried Miss Mary Knox, is a successful farmer in Rio Township. Lucinda, wife of Samuel Stafford, has a pleasant home in Rio Township; Mr. Stafford was also a soldier in the Rebellion. Dora, the third daughter, is the wife of Heber Gillis, a wealthy farmer, also of Rio Township. M. Ella married Ed- ward Gillis, and removed to VVinterset, Iowa, at which place they now reside. H. Lorrain is the wife of William Sumner, an enterprising merchant of Winterset, Iowa. Lillie A. married William Case, who lives in Rio Township. George W. and wife, Ann (Miller) Melton, live on a farm in Ontario Township, and Elvira lives at home with her par- ents. Mr. Melton, who, in the year 1836, moved on the place which to day is his pleasant and attractive home, was the first settler in the township, making settlement on a small farm, the site of the present town of Henderson. His agricultural possessions have numbersd fully 1,000 acres of land, 500 of which he has given to his children. A large and valuable farm of about 500 acres remains in his possession at the present time. He has been very ' I successful as a stock-raiser, which branch of his bus- iness he has carried on extensively. He is popular, a kind friend and a good neighbor. He is a stanch supporter of the Republican party, and both himself and wife are active members of the Cor.gregational Church. Among the numerous portraits of the leading citi- zens of Knox County given in this volume, we are confident none are more deserving a prominent place or will be received with greater favor than those of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Melton, the pioneers of the finest township of land in Knox County, and having no superior in the great Prairie State. ll^amuel Vangilder, deceased, a pioneer of Knox County of 1836, was born in New Jersey in May, 1800, and was a young man when his parents removed to Ohio, where he attained the years of majority. The maiden name of his wife was Nancy Stevenson, a na- tive of Kentucky. After marriage tiiey settled in Hancock County, Ind., where the father purchased a tract of timber land and cleared a farm. In 1836, accompanied by his wife and five children, he started with an ox team to Illinois in company with several other families, camping on the way. He stopped a short time in Knoxville, where he rented a farm, after which he purchased land on section i, Knox Town- ship. This land was in a raw and unimproved state, and he erected a log cabin upon it, remaining tliere until the fall of 1857, when he removed to Sparta Township, at which place his demise occurred in September of that year. His wife died April 6, 1872. .amuel Kirk McCuUough, foreman of the " T." R. R. shops of the C, B. & Q. Co. Im' at Galesburg, and Wrecking Master of the Galesburg Division of this railroad, is a native of Juniata County, Pa., and born Nov. 3, 1833. He is a son of John and Mary (Kirk) McCul- lough, natives of the Keystone State, and of Scotch and Welsh ancestry. Samuel Kirk, of whom we write, completed an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade at Mifflin, the old county seat of Juniata. At the age of 20 years he came West, and after working two years at his trade in different sections of this State, he accepted a position in 1855 with the C, B. & Q. R. R Co., at Princeton, 111. Upon the removal of the car shops to Galesburg, Mr. McCullough ac- companied them thither, and has been in reputable connection with them since that time, holding dif- ferent positions of trust with this corporation. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he enlisted his services with Co. E, 89th 111. Vol. Inf., and went boldly to the front. He, however, was transferred to tlie Pio- neer Corps, whence he was again transferred to the ist U. S. Engineers, receiving an honorable dis- charge at the close of the war, after a service of nearly three years. Returning to his work, he filled the position of foreman of the car shops for the suc- ceeding ten years, and from which he was appointed to his present position. Mr. McCullough was married at Galesburg to Rosina Reed, a lady of estimable qualities and a na- tive of the Empire State. Their union lias been blest by the birth of two daughters, named Ella and Estella. The latter became the wife of Mr. E. W. MacUougal, of Janesville, Wis. Mr. McCullough is a worthy Mason and is also a member of the A. O. 4^ KNOX COUNTY. 903 --!- U. VV. He is a public-spirited citizen and contributes liberally to all measures tending to the growth of his adopted city. orace F. Dodd, Trainmaster of the C, B. & Q. R. R. at Galesburg, is a native of ^ Pennsylvania, and was born in Waterford Township, Erie Co., Sept. 20, 1836. His parents were John W. and Sarah (White) Dodd. The former was of an old family of New York State I whose genealogy traces them back to Daniel Dod (at that time only one D), of English extraction and of Branford, Co'in., in 1646. Thelatter is a native of \ Windham County, Vt., and of a long line of Scotch and Welsh ancestr)'. In 1838 Horace F. came West with his parents, who settled at Pekin, 111. The mother died in 1867, j at Whitewater, Wis. The father is living in Washing- 1' ton County, Ark. The survivors of the family are two daughters and a son. Irene is the wife of J. I E. Sliepherd, a farmer of Centralia, III. ; Adoline A. ^ is the wife of Maj. E. A. Sherman, Surveyor-Gen- ' eral of -Mevada Territory, having his residence at Oak- I land, Cal. The subject of our sketch spent his boyhood in I Oshkosh and Whitewater, Wis., and was connected with railway interests from early life. In 1862 he accepted a position with this corporation, and has \ been very reputably connected with its interests here since, serving as brakeman, conductor and yardmas- ter with credit until i88i, when he was promoted to Trainmaster of the Galesburg Division of the C, B. ! & Q. R. R. During his active service in the various departments of his vocation, it has been his good fortune to avoid any serious accidents, and the ] cause is not attributable alone to what some people term " good luck," but to his strict attention to busi- ness. Mr. Dodd was married in Knoxville, this State, Jan. 31, i860, to Mary A., daughter of the late Dr. Jason Duncan, of that place. She departed this life in May, 1875, and is buried in the family lot ai Knox- ville Cemetery, leaving a son, Frank S.,a druggist at Knoxville. Mr. Dodd was again married in Quincy, 111., Feb. 20, 1878, to Miss Rosa Nopper, daughter of Sergeant John Nopper, a native of Germany, who was supposed to have lost his life in the late Franco-Prussian War, he not being heard from after- ward. The result of his second matrimonial alliance has been the birth of two briglit, promising boys — Edwin H., born in August, 1879, and Carl E., born in February, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Dodd attend worship at the Con- gregational Church. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, of the A. O. U. W., Knight Grand Commander of the Sun, and of the Order of Railway Conductors. Mr. Dodd is a public-spirited and enterprising citizen, and a thorough-going official and business man, fully alive to the progress and improvement of the age. He is liberal-minded and charitable, and contributes freely to all measures tending to the advancement of the public welfare. He is a genial gentleman, affable and courteous to all whom he meets, and we bespeak for him continued peace and prosperity. ndrew Main is a general farmer and stock raiser, located on section 18, Walnut Grove ^ Township. He was born in Ayrshire, Scot- land, Dec. 6, 1845. His father, Peter, was a farmer and a native of the same shire, where he married Jane Ferguson, also a native of that place. This lady died in Scotland. The whole family, consisting of tliree children, were born in the old country, Mr. Main being the second child. In their native Scotland the family were remarka- ble for their great industry, sobriety and good-fellow- ship. Mr. Main was quite a child when his parents arrived in the United States. For a time they all staid at Chicago, but after the death of his only daughter and youngest child the father with his two sons proceeded to Oneida, where he lived some time. This estimable gentleman died at the home of his son, Andrew, May i, 1879. After his father's de- cease, and on coming to this county, Mr. M. com- menced the pursuit of agriculture, and after some years of industry and economy succeeded in securing a good farm of 160 acres, which is in a fine slate of cultivation and on which are erected very suitable farm buildings. He is also engaged in stock-raising. Mr. Main was married on March 4, 1868, at the home of his bride, in Walnut Grove Township, to Miss Ellen Moore, who was born in Rio Township, !^J e4— * 904 KNOX COUNTY. :5^^H^ Knox County, March 13, 1848. Her parents were among the early settlers in the State. Her father, Lyman K., and her mother, Mary (Woodman) Moore, were natives of Massachusetts and New York re- spectively. They were of Scotch ancestry, early emigrated to this country, and engaged in farming. Their deaths occurred in this county some years ago. Mrs. Main was brought up at home, and from the training she received in matters pertaining to do- mestic life was well fitted for the position she now holds. She has been the happy mother of three children — James Edwin, Kate E. and Clark A. These have now grown up and largely contribute to the domestic happiness of the parental household. In politics Mr. Main has always identified himself with the Republican party. !? f^|,enry Sterling Hurd, M. D., of Galesburg, T$S]r was born at Ro.\bury, Litchfield Co., Conn ^ \ ^^^^ Nov. 27, 1 8 15, and is the son of Thomas and Betsey (Canfield) Hurd, the mother a native of England. The first Hurds came to Connect- icut 200 years since. The parents of our sub- ject settled, in Genesee County, N. Y., in 1834, where they died, the father in 185 1, aged 68, and the mother in 1847, aged 64. They were farmers by oc- cupation and reared five sons and one daughter, our subject being tlie fourth son. Three of the sons en- gaged in the practice of medicine, among them Henry, who was educated at Roxbury Academy and at the age of r8 left it to enter school at Alexander, N. Y. He taught school winters and in 1838 went to Michigan, locating at Union City, where he lived for 14 years. He commenced reading medicine with an older brother, T. C. Hurd. He graduated from college in the year 1844, and began practicing in Homer, Mich., where he continued one and a half years, going thence to Union City and to Galesburg in 1854. He was associated with Dr. Burhngham one and a half years, and was appointed Pension Examining Surgeon in 1863. He has been a Di- rector of the Second National Bank for the past 15 years, and belongs to the State and Military Tract Medical Societies. Dr. Hurd was married at Union City, Mich., in 1848, to Ellen E. Hammond, and they are the par- ents of three children, by name Henry M., a physi- cian. Superintendent of the Insane Asylum at Pontiac, Mich.; Arthur W.,M. D., Assistant Physician in the State Insane Asylum, Buffalo, N. Y. ; and Charles G. lies Smith, deceased. One of the repre- sentative citizens of Kno.wille, and a * pioneer of the same city, being among its earlier settlers, is the gentleman whose brief personal history is herein recorded. He de- parted this life at the close of a well-spent and nobly-directed manhood, in which he had accom- plished much good, both to himself and to all with whom he came in contact. His business ability was excellent, and he was proficient in the discharge of personal and public duties. A handsome residence in Knoxville is one of the proofs of his industry and success, and is occupied by his children, who highly prize this substantial reminder of paternal affection. Mr. Smith was born Jan. 28, 1810, at Camden, N. Y., and was the son of William and Polly (Pond) Smith. His mother was born April 6, 1785, at Plym- outh, Conn., and was of English lineage. Her earliest ancestor in that section of the country was Samuel Pond, who came to America and located in Windsor, Conn., in which town he was married in 1642. Bartholomew Pond, the grandfather of Mrs. Smith, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and was noted for being a sturdy old hero. Miles Smith was reared in his native county, and when a young man learned the tinner's trade, at which he worked until 1836, and then emigrated to Knox- ville. After reaching the infant town, he erected a building and opened a tinshop, where he manufact- ured all kinds of tinware for the convenience of the community, and eventually enlarged and im- proved his business, adding a hardware department. This store was the headquarters for all such goods in this section of the country, and was hailed as a very excellent enterprise by the people. In 1869 Mr. Smith sold this business, which is now in the hands of J. R. Wilder, and which is considered the oldest established house in the county. To secure a helpmeet for the battle of life was one of the bright aspirations of Mr. Smith's young man- hood, and on May 7, 1837, he espoused Lemira Har- ris, who was born in East Poultney, Vt., in 1814. 1.' """+^ LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINO'S ! KNOX COUNTY. 90s Mrs. Smith died Nov. 30, 1841, and on Jan. 24, 1844, Mr. S. formed a second matrimonial alliance, this time with Harriet Hainblin, of Bridport, Vt. The date of Mrs. Smith's birth is Feb. 17, 1824. The fruit of the first union of Mr. Smith was an only son, George H., now grown to manhood, and the sec- ond were four children, viz.: Lucy Helen, wife of Theodore Eads, who was born in Knoxville, July 26, 1848, and who is the mother of three children — Mur- ray S., Margaret H. and Martha Hortense; Freder- ick, the eldest son, who was born Dec. 20, 1853, and who wedded Margaret V. Cover, is the father of two children — M. Florence and Harriet M.; Otto (i., who is a successful business man, and Cashier of the Farmers' National Bank, and the date of whose birth is Dec. II, 1857, and Miles Carl, who resides in Au- rora, Neb. George, the oldest son, united in marriage with Clementine Saddler, and they are parents of three children — Louis, Jessie L. and Bert. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were both members of the Presbyterian Church. He was one of the very few members of the church, on whose records his name stood from the date of its first organization. He was an Elder of many years' standing, and a good, sub- star tial member of society. He gave attention to political matters, and was a Whig in belief, later be- longing to the Republican party, which he supported and with which he voted. ~wv»\t4aa'®-^ i^vSJ/OTSiv.'WV^ on. Thomas McKee, who has since 1873 : , - J, been a Justice of the Peace at Galesburg, i|iufA'** and is one of the most highly esteemed citi- A zens of Knox County, came here in 1828, which, T so far as we can learn, antedates that of any I other person now living in the county, except Daniel Robertson, of Henderson Township. He is a native of Harrison County, Ind., to which place his parents, Thomas and Haiina (Frakes) McKee, removed from Bullitt County, Ky., in 1810. On Aug. 22, 1810, tlie subject of this sketch was born, and was the third son in order of birth of his par- ents' children. The senior McKee was a blacksmith and a farmer, and brought his seven sons up to the latter vocation. He left Indiana in 182 1 and settled in Sangamon County, 111., where he lived till 1824. During this year he removed to Schuyler County, same State, where, on Jan. 5, 1833, he lost his life by a slide in a coal-mine. He died in theS3d year of his age. His widow lived in the latter county up to 1874, when she died, aged 84 years. At the log schoolhouses of Indiana and Illinois, augmented by the Sunday-schools and neighborhood rehearsals, Mr. McKee of this notice acquired such education as was possible. In May, 1827, he left home to try his hand as a miner at Galena, but the Indians soon drove them from that place, and we next hear of Mr. McKee on a flatboat, bound for New Orleans. In 1831 he had drifted back to Schuyler County, and was attending school at Rush- ville when the Indian War broke out. Now war suited him, Indian fighting was just to his fancy, but he wanted a better show than he had at Galena four years before. So, in June, 1831, we find him, as the following commission shows, Second Lieutenant of a company of mounted volunteers : " Headquarters. "To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Know ye that Thomas McKee Iras been duly elected Second Lieutenant in a company of mounted volun- teers. He is therefore required diligently and care- fully to discharge the duties of said office by doing and performing all things appertaining thereunto, and strictly obeying all orders which he may receive from his superior officers ; and all officers and privates under his command are hereby required to obey all his lawful commands. "Given under my hand this 19th day of June, 1831. " John Reynolds, "Commander-in-Chief Illinois Militia." The outbreak of 1831 lasted but a short time, but the following year saw a renewal of hostilities. Young McKee was then in Knox County, and at once united himself with Capt. McMurtry's com- pany. From this time on to the close of the Black Hawk War he was identified with the interests of the white settlers. In April, 1832, a meeting of the citizens was held at Henderson Grove, for the dis- cussion of the feasibility of all the adult males, with their families, congregating together at some point for greater safety. As it will be observed, the object of the meeting was to determine whether they should vacate the country or take measures necessary for the defense of their homes. McKee, though probably t *?» 4* 9o6 KNOX COUNTY. the youngest man taking part in the debate, opposed leaving the country. Some of the older heads de- manded of the stripling what they were to do. The men, as they were without arms and almost utterly de- fenseless, thought it unnecessary for anyone to remain, and asked why not all hands join the array, procure arms and drive the redskins from the land. To this and much more young McKee replied that he would undertake alone the procurement from the Govern- ment of arms and ammunition for home defense. We can only imagine how such presumptuousness upon the part of this youth was regarded by the older heads and wiser. But, nevertheless, young McKee mounted his horse and set out across the country, a country filled with roving bands of hostile savages, for Rock Island. On the route he met with James McMurtry, and next a man by the name of Fountleroy Freeman, who, upon learning the nature of the mission, at once declared that McKee should never make that perilous trip alone ; that they would accompany hun and share with him the dangers. The next heard of Mr. McKee, by the citizens of Henderson, he and Freeman were at Oquawka, April 2r, r832, and the guns were brought over and distributed at Henderson Grove, as is witnessed by the original receipt, now lying before the writer, and signed by many of the pioneers of this county. These guns, TOO in number, were afterward used by Capt. McMurtry's company, and finally returned to the Government. Mr. McKee returned to Rushville in the fall of 1832, and proceeded to Iowa in 1835, whence, in a short tune, he came again to Henderson Township, where he farmed with much success up to 1861. Siibsequently the fortune he had accumulated by years of toil was largely swept away, through his own good-heartedness, manifested by placing his name to the paper of his friends. From r86i to 1863 he resided at the village of Henderson and held the office of Justice of the Peace. August 12 of the last- named year he removed to Galesburg and engaged in the real-estate business. He is famiharly called Maj. McKee, a title he earned as Major of militia in 1838. For r2 years, while a resident of Henderson Township, he was Justice of the Peace, and in 1852 he represented the county in the Illinois Legislature, being elected on the Democratic ticket. He was more than once Supervisor of Henderson Township, and is at pres- ent discharging the functions of that office for Gales- burg. Though always a Democrat, the Galesburg people regularly return him to office against heavy Republican odds. This merely attests his fittness and his consequent personal popularity. In dis- charging his duty he makes no enemies. He is al- ways ready to prevent a lawsuit, and many is the case he has amicably settled, which might have grown into a long, bitter and expensive lawsuit. Though having lived over three-quarters of a century, he is at this writing (1886) in the enjoyment of vigorous health and in the fullest possession of every faculty. Six days out of the week, from early morn till candle-light, you will find him at his office, cheerfully performing his duty, with a smile and a pleasant word for everybody, and always ready to tell you more about the early history of Knox County than any other man can. He was married March 4, r832, at Henderson Grove, to Miss Maria Rice, daughter of Jonathan ' Rice, who came into Knox County in r83r, and of the r3 children born to him we make the following memoranda: Rachel (Mrs. J. P. French); Eliza J. * (Mrs. J W. Tate); Catherine (Mrs. William Howey) ! Helen M. (Mrs. Y. W. Sears) ; Mrs. Sears is not liv- ing; Isabelle died in December, i86r, aged 21 years; Elsie Ann (Mrs. I. H. Hardinbrook), also deceased; Edwin R., attorney at law, at Memphis, Mo. ; Sarah Ellen (Mrs. E. H. Vance); Hanna died when 21 years of age; Maggie died, aged 21 ; Lu- cinda (Mrs. G H. Wallace) ; Thomas A., a railroad man ; and Daniel, who died in infancy. Mr. McKee and wife are members of the Uni- versalist Society. In politics he has always been a Democrat and is influential in the ranks of his party in this county. Charles E. Hambleton, Assistant leneral Manager of the Covenant Mutual Ji^^^'''* Benefit Association of Galesburg, 111., ^^^ \ entered the Association in the year 1878, •T"* soon after its organization, as special agent. y Filling that position witii honor from r878 to r87g, he was promoted in the latter year to the post of Assistant General Manager. Maj. Hambleton entered the army at Ironlon, A^ KNOX COUNTY. 907 Ohio, in an independent cavalry company. For three months he held the office of Second Lieuten- ant, iifterward commanding. The State of Ohio in the meantime tried to force thera to become infantry, which they were determined not to do. Thereujwn the officers telegraphed to Gov. Pierpont, of West Vir- ginia, who welcomed thera, and they became the 2d W. Va. Cav. Our subject was mustered in as a private, elected to the office of First Lieutenant of Co. B, by a unanimous vote. He was soon after- ward promoted to Captain, and then to Major of his regiment. He served in the ist West Virginia Corps, fighting at Shenandoah Valley, at the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek and other important en- gagements. His service covered about three years and three months in the 2d Cav., and he was five months among the " three-months men." Leaving the army, he began steamboating on the Mississippi as Clerk and Captain between St. Paul and New Orleans, and was thus engaged for six or seven years. He then came to Galesburg, in 1873, and, taking charge of the Union Hotel, conducted it for three years. Maj. Hambleton was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, April 7, 1S39, and was well educated, receiv- ing superior advantages and attending Athens Uni- versity, Ohio, where he became proficient in the study of law, but never practiced it. He is the head of a family, is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity and is also associated with the I. O. O. F. j'^ \ in 1S25 'x New York, I 1840. The ' 7^' areus Belden, one of the pioneer grain- -." _ ^" '-^ - dealers of Galesburg, was born at Green- '^ ^^'^ field, Saratoga Co., N. Y., April i, 1815. '■'■' \ In 1825 the family removed to Western and from there to Kno.x County in lie Beldens were principally farmers, though a few of them are found in various pursuits and professions tliroughout the country. The subject of our sketch was the eldest son of Aaron and Sarah (Wood) Belden, who were married at Greenfield, N. Y., in the yeai 1812. The names of the other children are, Martha, born Oct. 20, 181 6; Joel W , Jan. 22, 1821 ; Priscilla, Feb. 9, 1823; Clarissa, Aug. 20, 1825, ^""i Harriet N., Nov. i, 1832. The first ancestor of Mr. Belden of whom we have any account at this writing was William, who was born in Connecticut, Jan. 22, 1741. He married in that colony, while yet a young man. Miss Priscilla Crawford, and removed to Ballston Springs, N. Y., where the first child, Sarah, was born Sept. 12, 1770. From Ballston Springs he removed to a place afterward known as Greenfield, near Saratoga Springs, where he improved a farm, utwn which he spent the remainder of his life. His children were Sarah, before mentioned; William J., Jr., born April 5, 1772; Anna, Sept. 23,1773; Daniel, Dec. 9, 1775 ; Zenas, Aug. 9, 1778; Azor, Aug. 16, 1779; Simeon, June 9, 1782; David, Feb. 28, 1784; Moses, March 8, 1786; Aaron, May 27, 1788, and John, Aug. 11, 1790. Aaron B.-lden died at his farm south of Gales- burg, July 27, i860, aged 72 years, and his widow, who was born Oct. 11, 1792, died Oct. 26, 1870. William Belden was the first settler at Greenfield, N. Y. ; in fact, that town grew up around him. He was a soldier under Col. George Washington in the war which broke out between England and France in 1756, and was of the surveying party that marked the line of march through the wilderness against Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburg, Pa.) in 1758; was with the " Father of his Country " during the seven years' struggle for liberty. He lived to a ripe old age, al- ways refused a pension, saying "that he was enjoy- ing the fruits of his labors from day to day as he breathed the air of Uberty, and saw around him the happy faces of the ' free.' " Marcus Belden received a limited education at the distiict schools of Wyoming County, N. Y., where he spent his boyhood days. Though an active business man at this writing (June, 1886), his memory dates back to the times in the historj- of our country that to younger ears sounds like romance. He wit- nessed the construction of the first brick house ever erected at Saratoga Springs ; he remembers Mary Jamison, the famous woman chief of the Gardow In- dians, and saw her married to Red Jacket at Seneca. Mr. Belden was married at Neponset, 111., April 21, 1846, to Miss .'Vnn Norton, a native of England. She died .\p1il7, 1856, leaving four children, namely : Sarah, born April 4, 1847, died Sept. r, 1867 ; Har- riet, died in infancy; Frances Ann, April 13, 1853, died Sept. 7, 1869, and Priscilla, Sept. i, 185 1, died Dec. 21, 1883. July 26, 1857, Mr. Belden was again married, tlie lady being Miss Lovisa B. Rigby. The four children born to them are Chas. H., born =fc^ H^ ^H- KNOX COUNTY. July 7, 1858; Katie, Sept. 26, 1861; Martha, Dec. 23, 1863, and Marcus Henry, July 12, 1868. The family removed from the farm to Galesburg in 1854, since which time Mr. B. has been in the grain business. He has been Alderman six or seven times, and one terra Mayor. He has served as Su- pervisor, and took an active part in the court-house controversy. He is a member of no secret society, but belongs to the Congregational Church. Jn poli- tics he is a Republican. ^4 amuel W. May. Among the principal in- fluential citizens and wealthy farmers who are esteemed for their substantial worth and ability, may be found the subject of this personal sketch. He holds the office of Su- pervisor of Rio Township, of which he is a res- ident and has a desirable home situated on section He was two years of age when he came with >i his parents, in 1839, from Genesee Co., N. Y., where he was born March 20, 1838. The parents of Mr. May were Harvey H. and Delia D. (Ray) May. The father was born in Washington County, N. Y., in 1802, and the mother in 1806. The former is still living and a resident of Galesburg. The demise of the mother took place in i86g, in Galesburg. Mr. May is the oldest of a family of four children, namely: Delia C, Harvey L. and Mary O. They are all now residing in Galesburg. Delia C. is the wife of John Phinister and the mother of two children — Mary M. and Duane; Harvey L. married Mary Post and they have no children living; Mary O. became the wife of J. D. Holland and is the mother of two children, Hubert Ray and Harold. On the paternal side of the house Mr. May comes of Dutch and English stock, and on the maternal side of German and French. Our subject made the paternal home circle his abiding place up to the time he attained the age of 21 years, when, not feeling satisfied with the educa- tion he had received in the common schools, he entered the academy connected with Knox College. Previous to this, however, he worked at teaming be- tween Galesburg and Peoria for three years. At the academy he began his studies in good earnest, work- ing in a hard and manly way and realizing at the end of the time the results of his arduous work. He afterward entered Knox College, in which he re- mained for two years, but did not graduate. After leaving college he rented a farm in Henderson Township and turned his attention in that direction, in which he was prosperous. Remaining there for two years, he moved to Rio Township, where he purchased property, and here he has since lived and accumulated a large estate, including 540 acres. At the beginning of his work he engaged in raising broom-corn, and at one time had 500 acres of it. All his land but five acres, which is timber, is in a fine state of cultivation, being well tiled and con- sidered one of the best farms in the township. Be- sides giving his attention to farm work, he has exhibited no small amount of mechanical genius, inventing among other things a wind-mill. They are going to every State in the Union; are considered the cheapest mill for the money, and are as durable and the working power as great as any in the field. It is known as the May WindMili, and the first 100 were manufactured on the farm of our subject. He ^ then engaged in partnership with Candee & Co., with whom he continued for two years, at the time being associated with Nelson & Co., of Bushnell, III. He next formed a partnership with his brother, H. L., and the firm is now known as May Bros., the business being conducted in Galesburg. Since they have been manufacturing these mills (up to the pres- ent time), the firm of May Bros, have put out over S,ooo. He entered into a matrimonial connection, in Fayette County, Pa., with a young lady named Eliz- abeth Hanan, who was born and raised in that county and who came to Illinois in April 1856, since which time she has lived in Knox County. Their nuptials were celebrated Nov. 27, 1870. Mrs. May is the eldest of a family often children, of whom two are deceased. Her father was born in Fayette County, Pa., Nov. 14, 1805, and his death occurred at his old home in 1882. Her mother, Eleanor (Handlen) Hanan, was born in the same county July 22, 1827. Her demise occurred April 14, 1871, at her home in Pennsylvania. On the pa- ternal side of the family, Mrs. May is of Scotch origin, while on the maternal of Irish-Dutch ancestry. The great-grandfather of Mrs. May, Jacob Hunt, -A - • ■ . — -^. cb LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINO"? Walnut Grove Farm . Propert A . P. CHARLES , Sec.22 Knox Townbh UpRMTf KNOX COUNTY. 913 was an officer in the Revolutionary War. Her grandfather, John Hanan, died in the War of 1812. One of her brothers, Daniel Hanan, was a Captain in the Civil War, was taken prisoner and wliile at- tempting to escape was mortally wounded. Mr. May has proved successful in public work, which he courteously accepts as part of his duty. He was elected Supervisor of Rio Township in 1880, and has held that position ever since. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics is a Democrat. He has shown a decided business faculty ever since boyhood and developed many ad- mirable traits indicating a financial power. At the age of 13 years he was manly and able in business, selling plows made by his father through this section of the country and conducting his affairs with dig- nity and credit to himself. ^■gH^lof Hawkinson is a substantial farmer, re- Jb^ siding on section 12, in Galesburg Town- ship. He is a native of Sweden, where he was born on the 7th of May, 1837. He emi- grated to America in 1856 and landed at Bos- ton, whence he came direct to Galesburg. Here he commenced to work for the sum of ^S per month, which employment he followed for seven years, when he purchased 40 acres of good land, and by degrees added to it until he now possesses 700 acres in and around Galesburg. He has also 2,000 acres in Nebraska, most of it prime land. He mar- ried a very amiable lady. Miss Louisa Ericson, on the 2 1 St of March, 1866. She was a native of Sweden and born on the 22d of July, 1841. In 1858 she first came to America with her brother. By Mr. Hawkinson 's marriage with this lady a family of six children have been born — Emily, March 17, 1867 ; William, July 22, 1869; Minnie O., Oct. 28, 1872 ; Henry W., May 30, 1876; Fred A., July 28, 1878, and Elmer E., Oct. 27, i88o. All these children are now living. Mr. Hawkinson's paternal parent's name was Hawkin Anderson, while his mother was a Miss Hannah Hawkinson. By the marriage there were eight children born — Betsey, Anna A., Margaret, who died in infancy ; Olof, Mons, Nils and Andrew. All the girls of the family are now deceased. The sons are still living and are successfully making their way through life. The mother is in her 76th year. Her husband's demise took place in Galesburg, in 1872. Mr. Hawkinson has held the office of Supervisor. He is an enlightened member and prominent brother in the Knights of Pythias. The family are all lib- eral in theology, while in politics he is with the party which he believes calculated to serve his country best. His dwelling-house is a most comfortable structure, measuring 40x70 feet, to which he has at- tached very suitable barns, two of which measure 30x100 feet. 'Ibion P. Charles. The owner of the finest farm residence in the county, and one of the _^ C50J oa wealthiest and most influential farmers in Knoxville Township, is Albion P. Charles, the subject of this personal narration. He occu- pies the old Charles homestead, which he has beautified with all modern improvements, as shown by the accompanying double-page view of his resi- dence and farm buildings. He is engaged in the breeding of blooded stock, in which he takes an un- \i usual interest, and has among his stock Short-horn and Polled-Angus cattle and other fine breeds. In 1 884 he purchased two imported stallions, one a . Cleveland bay, which has since died ; but he im- mediately purchased a standard-bred Hanibletonian in his place; the other is an English draft horse, registered 41 14, volume 6, English Stud-book, Samp- son by name, which is six years old and weighs 2,200 pounds. Mr. C.'s out-buildings are considered among the finest and most convenient in the county. His main barn is 48 x 96 feet, and has a stone base- ment, and is fitted up and equipped with all modern conveniences. The subject of this biography was born in Knox Township, Dec. 9, 1847, and is the second son of George A. and Dorlinsky (Post) Charles (see sketch). His early education was attained in the city schools of Knoxville, after which he studied for five terms in Knox College, and one winter in Abingdon College. On the 7th day of December, 1869, he united in the holy bonds of wedlock with Miss Sarah A. Lindsey, a native of Persifer Township, and a daughter of Howard and Mary (Caldwell) Lindsey. Following the celebration of their nuptials came the founding of a new home, and they settled on the old home- --> -=4h 914 KNOX COUNTY. stead of the Charles family, which they have occu- pied up to the present time, and where success has attended their energetic eflforts. Both Mr. Charles and wife are devoted members of the Presbyterian Church. Their family circle is a happy one, and in- cludes four children, namely : S. Adella, Rosalia, Cora A. and Edith. Previous to his present extensive stock business, Mr. C. was engaged in general farming and extensive cattle-feeding for more than 11 years, but in 1883 he determined to embark in that highly interesting as well as profitable dejiartment of farming, the breed- ing of blooded stock, and to-day he ranks among the leading breeders of the county, and is doing much toward improving the grade of stock of this section. He first purchased thoroughbred and grade Short- horn cows, crossing on them imported Hereford and Polled-Angus bulls. Then a herd of Polled- Angus was added. He now proposes breeding pure , Polled-Angus, and Polled-Angus and Short-horn crosses, and, for an experiment, is crossing a pure Polled-Angus bull on pure Hereford cows. ^ There are many experienced men in this county I who are devoting ths best efforts of their lives, as well as vast sums of money, to developing and raising fine stock. The influence of their efforts is not only felt in their immediate community, but extends through- out the borders of other counties, and even beyond the State lines. This is a highly commendable en- terprise, and will make Knox County the center of the Northwest for the highest type of many breeds of horses, cattle and swine. Prominent among these enterprising gentlemen will ever be Mr. Albion P. Charles. He is a wide-awake and earnest thinker, and in political matters is noted for his independent belief, as he always votes for principle rather than party. In politics he may be termed a Greenbacker. ^ohn S. Holmes was born in Sweden, May 17, 1840, and came to America in 1854, when 14 years of age. He had received a very good education in his native land, and after arriving in this country he set himself diligently about acquiring a knowledge of En- glish. The old Galesburg Academy afforded him ample opportunity for this purpose, and he left that institution pretty thoroughly equipped in branches most likely to be needed in ordinary life. His first employment was with G. D. Colton as stationary en- gineer, and at the end of one year he engaged with C. S. Colton & Sons as clerk in a general store, and was with them several years. Since that time on he has been occupied as a salesman, and has ranked among the best. From Colton & Sons, our subject accepted employ- ment with E. F. Thomas, and subsequently with O. T. Johnson, where he remained 16 or 17 years. He was latterly employed with L. O. Williamson & Co., retiring therefrom at the beginning of the present year (1886). Mr. Holmes came to this country without money, and while struggling for an education worked for his board and clothes. But hone.sty, sobriety, industry and reasonable economy in this land of opportunities have never yet gone unrewarded. Surrounded by an interesting family, Mr. H. sits by his own cheerful fireside, reads books that entertain and instruct, par- ticipates in the wholesome amusements of his chil- dren, and philosophically takes the world as it comes. Mr. Holmes was united in marriage at Galesburg Oct. 18, 1863, with Miss Anna J. Munson, a native of Sweden, and of the four children born to them those hving are Minnie L., Jennie Odelia and Edna May. Their first-born, Charles E,, died in infancy. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. '^ illiam H. Wiley, a farmer and stock-raiser. 'i^p ^Vy residing on section 29, Orange Township, ^/p;^ is the son of John and Mary Ann (Hall) V Wiley, who were residents of Wayne County, Ind. On April 7, 1845, their son, William H., was born to them. John Wiley was a na- tive of Indiana, and followed the calling of a black- smith. His death occurred in his native State, Aug. 19, 1850. His widow is still living, making her home in Monmouth, 111. She subsequently married M. Witt. William H. was the second of a family of four chil- dren, three boys and one girl, as follows : Hosea T., Thomas E., Nancy, deceased, and William H. The latter was married Nov. 28, 1867, to Nancy J. Haynes, the daughter of Asa and Mary J. (Gaddis) I KNOX COUNTY. 9«S Haynes. She was born April 6, 1845, in Orange Township, and has become the mother of two chil- dren — William A., who was bom April 6, 1869 ; and Winnifred H., April 25. 1874. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Protesiant Church. During the trying days of the late Rebellion, when call after call for brave and sturdy defenders of the flag was made by President Lincoln, and as promptly filled, William H. Wiley was among the 4,000 patriotic men who went from Knox County to the front. He enlisted Nov. 9, 1863, in Co. D, 7th 111. Cav., under the brave Capt. W. H. Reynolds, the regiment being commanded by Col. Prince. He joined his company at La Grange, Tenn., and was soon busy in conflict with the enemy. He was at the battles of Moscow and Somerville, Tenn., and on the famous Smith raid from La Grange south, which lasted about 30 days, when lighting and skirmishing were the order of each day. They then returned to Memphis, from where the regiment came home on the veteran furlough. Our subject, being one of the later ones to enlist, could not at that time re-enlist 1 with his comrades. Daring the fall of 1864, the reg- 7 iment went on the long-remembered Hood raid, starting from near Memphis, Tenn. The first fight was at Campbellsville, where Mr. Wiley IcKt his horse ■ while fighting dismounted. The next engagement was at Pulaski, Tenn. Then came the famous battle of Franklin, which resulted in a glorious victory for the Union troops. From there they went to Nashville, where they remained about a week, but were engaged in fighting and skirmishing in and around Nashville for several days and in the hard-fought battle of Nash\-ille. They then followed Hood's army to the Tennessee River, where they laid in camp dur- ing most of the winter of 1864-65. While there the surrender of Lee, Johnson and the Rebel forces was made, which virtually ended the bloody conflict. From there they went to luka, then to Corinth, Miss., then south on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad to Egypt Station, and from there to Aberdeen, on the Torabigbee River. From there the regiment went to Huntsville, Ala., thence to Big Springs, and from there came back to Nashville to be mustered out. They then came to Springfield, where they were paid off', and on the 4th of November, 1865, finally dis- charged. Our subject, who had served his country faithfully as long as there was any need of an upraised arm to defend the integrity of the Union, on his return home again entered upon the peaceful pursuits of an agri- cultural life. He went to work husking corn, not los- ing a day for many weeks. He was soon able to secure some land for himself, and now owns 130 acres, 80 of which are on section 29, and 50 on sec- tion 30, of Orange Township. He is also a breeder of Short-horn cattle, and the proprietor of Box-Elder Grove Herd. He has a fine two-story frame dwell- ing, built after modern plans and style of architect- ure. The place is also provided with good barns and out-buildings, and all of the improvements are of the best kind and regarded among the most valuable in the township. Politically our subject is a Repub- lican. ^hos. Anderson. One of the important and influential men of Knox County, and char- Ci(A£r= " acterized as a worthy citizen and a prompt,, 'T;.i^> -wide-awake business man, is Thomas .Ander- son, the principal points in whose personal history are cited in the ensuing paragraphs. He^ is a resident on Section 6 in Rio Township, and has a most desirable and attractive home thereon. Mr. Anderson came to this county in March, 188 1,, from Warren County, 111. His farm consists of 95 acres. He was born in Sweden, March 10, 1848, in which country he lived until 20 years of age. At this time he went to De Kalb County, III. Here for several years he labored as a farm hand during the summer months, improving his time during the win- ter by attending the public school. During 187 1-2, a year wis spent in attendance at the High School in Sycamore, which was followed by a term in the Gem City Business College, Quincy, III. In 1873 he removed to Ale.xis, Warren County, where he en- gaged in teaching, which profession he followed until his removal to Knox County. Mr. .\nderson was united in marriage, in .Ale.xis, III., Oct. 13, 1880, with Mary J. Talbot, who was born in Warren County, June 17, 1856, and their union has been blessed by the birth of two children, viz.: Eulalia and Irving. Mr. .Anderson is intelligent and well-informed, and has won considerable social dis- tinction. His friends and neighbors have rendered a tribute to his fitness for public office, by electing him to the oflSce of Justice of the Peace. He was ^ I-- 9i6 KNOX COUNTY. elected in the spring of 1885, and is still an incum- bent of that office. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and uphold and forward any good and worthy enterprise. They are people of warm sympathies and charitable impulses, and both liked and respected by all with whom they come in contact. In politics Mr. A. sup- ports the Republican party, but is also a Prohibi- tionist. ^ saac E. Hurr. The character of any sec- tion of country depends largely on the men residing within it. Knox County has grown zW '^P' ""^'^ °"^y populous and pleasant to the view, \^ but she contains rare intellectual and educa- tional advantages, and reflects credit upon those who have figured in her history. One of the representative citizens and wealthy and successful farmers of Copley Township is found living on sec- tion 3 in the person of Isaac E. Hurr, one of her best and most important factors. The subject of this biography was born in Ohio, Dec. 27, 1830, and his parents were Elias and Rachel (Baldwin) Hurr. They were natives of Ohio and New Jersey respectively, and had a family of three children — Isaac E., Margaret A. and Edwin L. EUas Hurr came to Illinois in 1837 with his family, purchased 240 acies in Knox County, and settled here. He returned to Ohio after his goods, but died in St. Louis on his way back, so that the be- reaved family never saw his face again as it looked on them in parting. In 1838 Mrs. Hurr removed to section 3 and built a log house i8xao; there she lived for the subsequent nine years, and at the end of that time built a neat and substantial brick house in its place, and there remained until 1867. She then purchased a house and lot in Victoria, into which she moved, and on which she located, residing there for two years and two months. .She then came to re- side vnth her son on section 3, and there died, June 24, 1875. Isaac E. Hurr, of this writing, lived at home until he was 25 years of age, rendering assistance on the farm and attending school in the intervals ; then, in 1854, he purchased the farm where he now lives. It consisted of 107 acres, 27 of which are timber. On this he built, improved, cultivated and modernized, *t W and what was once a rough tract of prairie land now blooms and bears with beauty and profit. Here he carries on mixed farming and values his land at $45 jier acre. Mr. Hurr was married March 19, 1867, to Miss Mary M. Ecktey, a native of Ohio, and daughter of John and Abigail (Henderson) Eckley, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Illinois in 1849 and set- tled in Stark County, where they worked for two years. Then they came to Victoria Township and settled on section 6. There they lived for three years, and in r855 moved to Oneida and bought a lot, on which they built the second house in that rising city. There they remained until 1870, when in the fall of the year they moved to Clay County, Iowa, purchasing 160 acres, on which they live, and where the death of the father occurred in 1882. The mother still survives and lives in Union County, Iowa. They had a family of 12 children, 11 of whom are still living: Esther A. (now Mrs. Har- ness), Ephraim R., James H., Hannah E. (now Mrs. Chapman); Charity J., who wedded Mr.Hills; Eleanor A., Mrs. Shannon; Mary M., the wife of our subject ; Adeline L., who married Mr. Parkins ; John L.;Cath- , erine D., wife of Mr. Ide; Martha S., Mrs. Dodd; and Caroline M., who died at the age of six years. Mr. and Mrs. Hurr have six children living, and ' have suffered the loss of two — Elmonia and Harry being deceased. Arthur A., Jennie, Charles R., Ernest L., Lizzie and Eunice are still living. Mr. Hurr is a stanch Democrat and one of those men of whom a county may well be proud. dwin r. Green, a leading dairyman of Galesburg, came to this county with his parents in 1845, and when about two years of age. He was born June 24, r843; he grew to manhood in Galesburg, and at the common schools acquired a fair English education. His father, John Green, was some years a farmer by oc- cupation ; removed to the place now owned and occupied by Edwin in r85o, and here (now No. 350 West South street) died in 1857, at the age of 50 years. His widow, Mary Ann (Boyer) Green, sur- vived him until 1873, when she died, aged 68 years. After the death of his father, Mr. Green had charge of the affairs of his mother, taking care of » kY KNOX COUNTY. 917 her and the younger children so long as she lived, and until the children (in all four sons and one daughter, including himself) were able to look out for themselves. The family record discloses tlie fol- lowing facts necessary to preserve in this imperish- able way : John Green was born Oct. 3, 1805; Mary Ann (Buyer) Green was born Oct. 23, 181 1. Their chil- dren were as follows : Henry Green, born July 13, 1836; Peter A., born Oct. 20, 1838; Marga- ret E., Dec. 23, 1840; Edwin T"., born June 24, 1843, and Caroline, born Aug. 24, 1848, died in in- fancy; Frederick E. R., born Aug. 24, 1848, and twin of Caroline, died in 1873. Mr. G. has been in the dairy business since 1873. In July, 1862, he enrolled in Co. A, 77th 111. Vol. Inf , and served three years, participating in the bat- tles of Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Champion Hills, Black River, Yazoo Swamps and the Red River ex- pedition. He was captured at Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, 1864, and held until May, 1865. Returning to Galesburg, he was married, Sept. 17, I 1 1874, to Mrs. Sarah, widow of Thomas Grant, Esq., and their only son, Willet Edwin, was born Aug. 17, 1875. Mr. G. is a member of the I. O. O. F., Mod- ern Woodmen of America and the G. A. R. iHWl^avid Grim. Prominent among the retired \ a^l| > farmers and representative citizens of Knox ■'If^y^ County is found the subject of this notice, ^jjiv whose home stands on section 24, of Copley f Township. He is one of those men who have shown the keen foresight and prompt dispatch of duty which bring their own reward. He has been a resident of the homestead he now occupies since 1862, and his farm possesses some very fine qualities, having on it running water, stone, timber and coal. Mr. Grim was born in Augusta County, Va., Feb. 18, 1819. His parents were Phillip and Mary (Sel- bridge) Grim, natives of Virginia. Their family cir- cle was large, including 13 children. They came to Fulton County in 1832, and settled in Canton. They were farmers by occupation and remained on the home place until 1870. Date of the father's death, August, 1866. The mother died in 1838. The subject of our sketch was the ninth child in order of birth, and he remained at home until he was 21 years of age, working on the farm and gaining only a limited education. After leaving home he engaged with a brother in the coal business, but after one year they dissolved partnership, and he has since carried on the business alone. Up to 1862 he lived in Fulton County, then came to the place he now owns, and has since been engaged in farming, cultivating and improving his place. He values his land at $60 an acre. Mr. Grim was married Feb. 7, 1841, to Miss Re- becca Berkshire, the daughter of Oiho Berkshire. Be- fore his marriage he lived in Canton, Fulton County. He went up to see his intended wife and staid all night. In tlie morning her father told him to " leave — that was all he asked of him." So he went home, and in one week returned and stole her away. When he crossed Spoon River he had to be ferried across; tlie water was nine feet deep, and the ferryman said it was impossible to ford it. So he went on, and when he got within a hundred yards of Mr. Berk- shire's liouse his sweetheart came to meet him, got into the vehicle and they fled back toward the river. When they got there he had forgotten about hiring the ferryman to ferry them over, and so drove into the river. The water was nine feet deep or more, and running very swiftly. The team, however, swam straight across, and just as they reached the bank the rear spring of the buggy broke. In landing they got wet to the knees, and then had 18 miles to drive, and it was one of the coldest nights of the winter. When within four miles of their stopping place, they looked back and saw two men coming 011 horseback, to catch them, as they supposed. At their entreaties the driver cracked his whip and the horses flew over the ground at their best speed. It proved, however, that the men were not pursuing them, being parties oil their way home from a dance. Tlie young couple arrived safely at their destination, and at i o'clock in the morning were married by Rev. Richard Haney, whose name has since become so famous in connec- tion with the history of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Their family comprised nine children, five of whom survive, as follows : Lucinda, David, Annie, Anson and Edwin. Mrs. Grim departed this life Aug. 9, 1881. Lucinda, now Mrs. Al)raham Suydam, has eight children, as follows: Arthur, Delia, Carrie, John, Emmie, Jerusha, Charles and Maud. David 9i8 KNOX COUNTY. married Sarah Daniels, and to them have been born six children — Ida, Minnie, Sadie, Ella, Emma, Fred. Annie, whose husband is Simeon Durham, has seven children— Emmie, Ella, John, AUie, Effie, Sadie and Sophia. Anson married Julia Goff, and has four children — Marvy, Mary, Julia M. and Jennie. The second wife of David Grim was Arvilla Wager, the daughter of Barney and Priscilla (Crouch) Wa- ger. The result of this union is one child — Rosanna M. Mr. Grim is a Republican in politics, holding some of the political offices of his county ; he has been Pathmaster and School Director, and is inter- ested in educational matters. With his wife he is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, and one of the most substantial and practically good men in this vicinity. llg^amuel D. Riser, of Knoxville, where he is engaged in the grocery business, is the eldest son of his parents, and was born at Knoxville, Jan. 25, 1842. Our subject was reared on the home farm and received his early education in the primitive log school- He commenced teaching school in the win- 1 86 1-62, in Chestnut Township, being engaged in farming pursuits during the summer months. In the years 1866-67 he taught for nine months, and in the following year emigrated to Kansas, where lie also engaged as pedagogue, in Douglas County, for three years. From that place he went to Franklin County, in the same State, where he purchased a farm and employed help in working it, while he fol- lowed teaching. This he continued for two winters, after which time he carried on the farm himself. In 1880 he returned to Knoxville and engaged in teach- ing until the following year, when, with his father, he purchased a grocery store, the partnership existing until 1885, when our subject purchased the interest of his father, and has since carried on the business alone. The marriage of Mr. Riser, which occurred on Aug. 4, 1869, with Miss Saphronia E. Chase, was blessed by the birth of three children — Katie A., Edna M. and Venie L. Mrs. Riser previous to her marriage lived in Orange Township, and was a daughter of Maurice Chase. Mr. and Mrs. R. are members in high standing of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Our subject is a member of the A. O. U. W., Knox Lodge, No. 126, and in politics is a Republican. -^ #-#- ^ ^iSSfcillani I. Peckenpaugh is one of the lead- ^^i|s 'iig grocers and business men of Knox- >i>'i-) ville. He was born in Knox County, April >S^ 30, 1849, and is the son of James W. Peck- U"' enpaugh, who was born in Crawford County, _, Ind., Oct. I, r82i. The grandfather of our sub- ject, Solomon Peckenpaugh, was a native of Ken- tucky, being born in Breckinridge County. His great- grandfather, Peter Peckenpaugh, was a native of Monongahela County, Pa., and came of a line of German ancestry. He was one of the pioneers of Kentucky, and his son (William's grandfather) grew to manhood in that State. There he remained untiK his parents went from there to Indiana, settling in Crawford County. His father took up land in the wilderness, on which he subsequently made a pro-»«; ductive farm, being assisted by his son, Solomon, who made his home with him up to the date of his mar- riage, in 1820, with Rachel H.Williams. She was, born in Casey County, Ky., Jan. 14, 1804, and was the daughter of James and Mary (Updegrove) Will- iams. Her father was a native of Virginia, and en- listed at the age of 18 in the Revolutionary War, in which he served for five years. He participated in a number of batiles and was once taken prisoner, but made his own escape and assisted others to free- dom. At the time of his marriage Mr. P. settled on land which he had previously bought, and there lived until 1847, at which time he came to Knox County, and, settling in Rio Township, lived there until his death, which occurred in 1851. From this union there were two children — James W. and Horton. The latter died in Rio Township, having reached the age of 27 years. The widowed mother, now in her 82d year, lives with her son in Knoxville. James W. Peckenpaugh was a boy of but eight years when his parents moved to Vermilion County, Ind., and there he grew to manhood's estate, assisting his father in the clearing of the farm. Under the parental roof he had spent these years, and in 1844, ^ ¥ I -^ KNOX COUNTY. 919 November 28, he united in marriage wiih Mary Chaney, who was born in Perry County, Ohio, and was the daughter of Ezekiel Chaney. Mr. P. rented land until 1842, when, accompanied by his wife and one child and his parents, he started for Illinois. The journey was made overland with oxen, and they had with them their worldly effects, besides some do- mestic stock. They located in Jackson County, this State, and took up Government land, which was of little value at that date in the history of the country. Uf>on this tract they built a log house and began to improve the farm. They remained there for five years, then %o\i the property and removed to Knox County, set- tling in Rio Township. In this part of the county they remained for six years, afterward moving to Mercer County, where they bought 40 acres, of which a few acres only were broken. On that land Mr. P. built a house and remained there several years. He then sold out and returned to Knox County, and bought a farm on section 3, of Knox Township. Here the family resided until 1873, when, desiring to go farther West, they removed to Kansas, settling in Crawford County, where they bought a farm and en- gaged in agricultural industry until i88r. From that point they went to Girard and opened a grocery store, conducting that business until 1882, when he removed to Knoxville and with his son opened a gro- cery store, in which he was engaged for three years and then bought the farm he now owns and occu- pies, which includes 20 acres within the corporation. Mr. and Mrs. Peckenpaugh, Sr., are the parents of nine children, viz. : Horton M., William J.,Tab- itha A., Sarah E., Solomon A., Rachel A., James O., Mary M. and John R. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and useful in the society in which they live. The subject of our sketch was reared to agricult- ural pursuits and was educated in the public schools. In 1874 he went to Kansas, in which State he spent one year, then he returned to Knoxville, where, for two years, he was variously employed, after which he engaged with J. O. Lander, in the grocery business. After following this for four years, he sold it out and in the fall of 1880 bouglit out the grocery business of H. L. Bailey. Since that time he has conducted the business alone, succeeding in a flattering degree and gaining a wide and popular patronage. He was united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Brown, Oct. 9, 1872. She was the daughter of John and Johanna Brown. To them were born four chil- dren, the names and dates of whose births are as follows: Arthur B., born Oct. 15, 1874; Hattie E., Aug. 14, 1877 ; John F., Sept. i, 1879; Clarence W., Oct. 17, 1883. Mr. Peckenpaugh is a worthy member of Knox- ville Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M. ; Rabboni Chap- ter, and of Knox Lodge, No. 126, A. O. U. W., and also of Knox Legion, No. 48 ; Council No. 20, O. G. R. Both himself and wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ripilil N. Carpenter, .the American Landscape S ^Mj^ j^ Architect, at Galesburg, was born in Re- |[^ hoboth, Bristol Co., Mass., June 2, 1828. His ^^.ttT parents were Asaph and Caroline Carpenter, natives of Massachusetts, and of English descent, and reared two sons and two daugh- ters, Asaph Newton being the eldest. The senior Mr. Carpenter was a farmer, and had lived his four- score years, when his demise took place at Norton, Mass. His widow still survives him, and is 76 years of age, and now resides at Taunton, Mass. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and from his i8th to 21SI year served an apprenticeship at carpentering This trade he followed for about 18 years. In 1854 he moved from Massachusetts to Janesville, Wis., and during the same year to Galesburg. While working at his trade he studied architecture, and planned many of the prominent buildings which he erected, and also furnished plans for contractors in the Eastern and Western States. In landscape architecture, Mr. C. is the pioneer in the United States. He was only 15 years of age when he conceived the idea of reducing landscape ornamentation to a practical science, and it required many years of patient study, application and experience to bring the work to what is now termed a profession, of which he is the master. Mr. Carpenter was also the first man to give this profes- sion its name, "landscape architecture," and since 1870 he has devoted his entire time to this, his pro- fession, and has furnished plans for some of the finest homes in this country, as well as for farms, parks, cemeteries and many other public and private grounds. Duplicates of these have been called for in Europe. No such showing as that of Mr. Car- •*:^ -e4— 920 KNOX COUNTY. penter can be found in any other office or studio. His office is nearly a museum of art, as he keeps a photograph of all his plans ; none are duplicated or used again, as he makes every subject a separate study, and as they are each made to order and for special purposes. No two plats of grass even are formed alike, nor in his estimation could one be properly exchanged for another without losing sight of the main ends sought in each. It is surprising to note the perfection and simplicity to which the mind of Mr. Carpenter, unaided Ijy any precedent, has brought this art and reduced it to practical use. To accomplish this he has had to contend with the wealth and education of other established profes- sions, and that he has brought his art to the favorable notice of the moneyed public the patronage which he receives fully attests. He is constantly employed and has inaugurated a branch of art which will per- petuate his name as long as the world loves the beautiful. To those who do not fully understand the term "landscape architecture," we give Mr. Carpen- ter's own definition, namely : making clear, distinct plans to a scale in advance of the work for a farm, park, cemetery, public or private grounds; establish ing the grade for all buildings, and that of the ground in all its parts for all purposes ; establishing the surface and under-draining, etc.; sewer and water systems; locating and forming the avenues, walks, fences, lakes, fountains; the various kinds of trees, shrubs, flowers, etc., so that everything will not only be beautiful, but harmonious and of utility, for the party and purpose to which the place is to be de- voted. This Mr. Carpenter maps out clearly and distinctly in advance of the work to be done, so that the proprietor and others can fully comprehend it and count tlie cost before actual work is commenced upon the place. By this method the plan is also made plain to those who are to perform the work, and this is a matter of economy of time, money and labor to all concerned. Economy intelligently enters into the whole plan, which is the forte of Mr. Carpenter in all his transactions and is one secret of his remarkable success and popularity. He has pubUshed a Httle pamphlet which he will send to all applicants, and takes pleasure in exhibiting the num- berless drafts and outlines, the result of his taste and ingenuity brought out by years of study and experi- ment. Mr. Carpenter was married at Westerly, R. I., Nov. 20, 1853, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Winterbot- tom, a native of Connecticut, who has borne him two children — Mary Isabelle, now Mrs. D. \V. Bunker, and Carrie E., who died in 1874, at the age of 16 years and 7 months. In the battles of life Mr. Carpenter has relied upon his individual resources, the recipient of no bounties or legacies. What he has accomplished is to be credited to his own efforts, prudence and in- dustry. -H'^-#-^H- > atrick H. Sanford, a prominent citizen of Knoxville, was born in Cornwall, Madison v^-^ Co., Vt.,Nov. 10, 1822. His father, John /•C^ Sanford, was a native of the same town, and jj^- his father, Benjamin Sanford, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Litchfield, Conn., and went to Vermont in 1774, being one of the early pioneers of that State. There he bought timber land and lived until his demise. John Sanford, the father of our subject, grew to nianhoood in his native town, and was married at the same place to Miss Anna Peck. Her father, Ja- cob Peck, was a native of Connecticut, and emigrated to Vermont about the same year the Sanford family did. John Sanford rented a part of the old home- stead, and, purchasing the interest of the other heirs, resided upon the same until his demise in February, 1869. His widow still survives him and is residing on the old homestead. The parental family con- sisted of six children, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. Edgar is on the old homestead ; Cor- delia became the wife of Milo Illsworth, and they are residing at Cornwall ; Jenette is the wife of C. M. Lewis, and is residing in Boston, Mass.; two children died in infancy. Patrick H. Sanford received his early education in the district schools, and when 14 years of age entered Newton Academy at Shoreham, Vt. He supple- mented his education by an attendance at the schools of Ferrisburg and also at Harrisburg, and at the age of 20 years entered Middlebury College, from which he graduated in 1846. He had during this time taught nine winter terms of school. After graduating he became Principal of the Newton Academy, at Shoreham, held the position for 15 years and after- ward taught in an academy at Williston, Vt., for a few years, in the meantime reading law at Burling- LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINO'? locc/y^ ^r^'r/r:/^j^i^^^-^^'^y o♦«-@y^«A^.•o♦o.. Sr — llj^^l lexander McConehie, the senior member of the successful firm of McConehie Bros., of Oneida, manufacturers of wagons and sjlj^ carriages, is the subject of this notice. He \g' was born in Kirkcudbriglitshire, Scotland, Sept. I 20, 1851. He was the oldest son in a family of seven children, and was about seven years of age when he first saw the broad prairies of Illinois. He came from his native land with his parents (see sketch of David McConehie for their history), in June, 1857, and has since made his home in Oneida. Alexander was educated in the High School of this place, and at the age of 17 he apprenticed himself to David Hamilton, a well-known and skillful black- smith. He learned his trade thoroughly, working for three years. Afterward, as a "jour," he continued two years with Mr. Hamilton, then established a trade on his own account, opening a shop, in which he remained for one year. He next removed to Geneseo, Henry County, where he worked one year for a Mr. Parker. He then returned to Oneida, and in 1876 re-engaged with Mr. Hamilton, his old em- ployer, with whom he remained till 1879, when, with his younger brother, David, they established their present business, in which our subject took the posi- tion of manager of the iron department. Naturally possessed of fine mechanical ability, and being a skilled workman in both design and execu- tion, Mr. McConehie has gained an enviable reputa- tion in his particular line of business. The buggies, carriages and wagons which have been turned out of the manufactory, have proved on critical examination to be first-class and both brothers enjoy the confi- dence of their patrons and townsmen. April 8, 1876, Mr. McConehie was married in Wataga, to Miss Elizabeth Rowesburg, at the home of her sister. Miss R. claimed as her birthplace Pittsburg, Pa. She came to Illinois with her parents early in girlhood, and the family settled in Wataga, where the parents afterward lived for some time. Subsequently the father went to the State of Mis- souri, where he died at Canton. The mother sur- vived him but a short time, dying in 1869, at Cen- terville, 111., at the home of her daughter. Mrs. Mc- Conehie was educated in Wataga, of this county, and in Canton, Mo. She grew up under the paternal roof, remaining at home till the death of her father, and after this sad bereavnient she was cordially wel- comed into the home circle of relatives, where she resided till her marriage. McConehie Brothers are in possession of some valuable real estate in Oneida, composed in part of their business property, which includes a large lot, occupied by a number of convenient workshops, and a valuable residence lot in the west part of the town. Mr. McConehie takes as great an interest in outside affairs as is consistent with the respo.'sibility of his growing business, in which he is mainly engrossed. He is a Democrat in political belief. ii^^^llen W. Phares, live-stock dealer in Gales burg, was born in Greene County, Ohio,^ ^^ May 10, 1813. He came into DeWitt <^ County, this State, in 1848, and to Galesburg in 1858. His parents, Robert and Mary_ (Chamberlain) Phares, natives of the State of New Jersey and England, were married in New Jersey, and soon afterward removed to Ohio, where their sons and daughters were born and reared; the two old people died in Union County, Ohio, the father in 1840, at the venerable age of 76, and the mother in 1 843, aged 69. The old gentleman was a farmer and mechanic, and for 18 years consecutively before he died was Justice of the Peace. Allen W. was brought up on his father's farm, edu- cated in the elementary branches of the common schools of Greene County, Ohio, where he taught a term or two, and in 1838 gave up agriculture as a business. When about 25 years of age he engaged in the mercantile business at the town of Summer- ford, Ohio, but followed it only a short time. In Clinton, DeWitt County, this State, he farmed a few years, and then engaged in mercantile business and stock-shipping. Coming to this county, he bought a farm about four miles northeast from Galesburg, where in 1859 a burning stick, thrown from a loco- motive engine, set fire to and consumed his barn "i^ 92 6 KNOX COUNTY. and the entire product of an 8o-acre wheat-field, the loss being about $2, ooo- For this damage he sued the company, and his attorneys settled his clami for $300. Mr. Phares came to Galesburg to live in 1861 ; engaged in the meat business five or six years, and has since carried on live-stock traffic. He was mar- ried in Madison County, Ohio, when about 20 years of age, to Miss Permelia Willard, who died July 14, 1884, aged upward of 68 years. She was the mother of nine children— Calvin, Martin, Abner R., Mary Helen (deceased), Hulda Jane, Ella (deceased), Albina, Louisa and Sarah, who died in infancy. Abner R. is a banker in Clinton, 111.; Mary H. was the wife of Thomas Hamplin; Hulda is the wife of Thomas Rowen, and Ella was married to William Rowen. The family are Universalists, and the chil- dren were all educated at Lombard Universiiy. Sept. 19, 1883, witnessed a highly enjoyable cele- bration of the golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. C Phares, at which time the handsome and substantial remembrances of children and friends were of such I character as tended to gladden the hearts of the old = people the remainder of their lives. Ifev. Thomas Camp, third son and sev- enth child of Sterling and Anna Camp, was born in McMinn County, Tenn., Jan. 21, 1814, and died at Abingdon, this county, Nov. 26, 1856. His parents were born in South Carolina, and in their youth witnessed the stirring and often distressing scenes that occurred in that section during the Revolutionary War. In early life they accompanied the first emigrants who crossed the mountains and sought settlement in East Tennessee, amid the wilds of nature and the still wilder Indians, and there shared the hardships and perils encountered by the early settlers of that region. Pushing on in the van of emigration, they at length acquired a body of valuable land, then in the territory of the Cherokees, now embraced in Mc- Minn County, where they made final settlement. There their children were born and reared, and there their ashes now rest. Shut in by formidable mountain ranges, communication with the outer world was both difficult and rare. Few books, fewer letters, and still fewer newspapers reached these land-locked pioneers. Business, moral, social and religious standards took quality largely from individ- uals, who, by common consent, gave laws on these questions, by the power of their opinions and ex- ample. Among those uncrowned, non-elected givers of laws to their fellows, were Sterling and Anna Camp — he, in the morals, methods and habits of successful business — she, in the domestic, social and religious virtues. Such was the parentage of the subject of this sketch, and such the conditions to which he was born, and which, with small modifications, surrounded him to the age of manhood. He had small oppor- tunity for obtaining an education, other than he found or could make within his own home. How- ever, a native thirst for knowledge led him to employ all his available time in study, and while still young he evinced a strong desire for a liberal education, which grew to be the one ambition of his earlier years. Circumstances compelled him to abandon this cherished purpose, which through all subsequent life was a source of deepest regret. At the town of White Plains, Ala., Dec. 20, 1835, he was married to Charity Teague, fourth daughter of Dr. John Neal, a physician then widely known through the new South- ern States. Returning with his bride, he was soon es- tablished in a home on land situate on the Hiawassee River, one and a quarter miles above Charleston. This land was put under cultivation, and large grain and saw mills, workshops, etc., were erected at the river side. Here was his home and the principal scene of his labors, till the autumn of 1848, when, in com- pany with his brotlier-in-law. Rev. John M. Courtney, and two other families, he emigrated to Western Illi- nois — proceeding the entire distance by road wagons — reaching his temporary destination in Warren County, after six weeks' traveling. In the spring of 1849 he purchased and located upon a tract of land, situated where the town of Good Hope, McDonough County, now stands, a point then separated by many miles in some directions from the nearest settler. This property he improved, and upon it resided with his family till the spring of 1856, when he removed to Abingdon, which has been the home of a portion of his family during the past 30 years. His sole pur- pose in this removal was to give his children such opportunity for an education as he had so ardently desired for himself, but which had been denied him. Thomas Camp was the son of a Puritan mother, and LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLiNO'5 ,J^>-.ft.^v\>%i V 7??crr/^6 JjL/cU.ty \ '^LL4^iX,osed. In these views of the mother the son shared from boyhood, with all the intensity of a strong nature. He felt the wrong of slavery as strongly as did any New England Abolitionist, and in addition thereto he knew, by act- ual contact with that institu'.ion, its blighting influ- ' ence upon the better nature of both the white and black races, and early determined to place his chil- dren beyond its immediate contagion. It was to ef- fect this object that he sacrificed his comfortable home in the South, and accepted the stern conditions of an early settler in Illinois — a step he never re- gretted. When, after a painful struggle, he abandoned his cherished purpose of suitably preparing for a learned profession, he turned to his plantation, mills and shops, with much energy, perseverance and fair success; at the same time prosecuting such course of reading and study as his limited leisure would per- mit. This line of life, however, did not prove satis- fying. He was possessed by an uncontrollable im- pulse toward a sphere of broader usefulness among men. At length he became convinced that it was his duty to enter the Gospel ministry, and to allot a portion of his time to that work, while the remainder should be employed in conducting his ordinary bus- iness affairs. Very many of the most effective preachers of that country and period so divided their time. Accordingly, on the i8ih of May, 1845, he was ordained to the ministry in the Baptist Cluirch, and from that date to the close of life a portion of his time was set apart for that work, and with such allotment he allowed no requirement of other bus- iness to interfere. He never accepted the pastorate of any church, though repeatedly urged to do so — choosing rather to labor in the unoccupied or irre- ligious fields. He never accepted compensation for ministerial labor, but always gave liberally of his own private means to the support of the Gospel, and in- sisted that Christians to whom he preached should do likewise. Mr. Camp had little of the mannerism and minor methods of jiopular preachers, and was therefore not a universal favorite. However, among more thought- ful people, of various shades of belief and unbelief, his ministry was ever accept.il'ie, commanding their attendance and profound attention. In his pulpit service he attempted no mere verbal ornamentation or rhetorical effect. His discourses — clear, logical and practical, enforced by scriptural quotations, and illustrated by facts gleaned from a wide range of reading — were directed to the minds and consciences of men with great power. He held that, under our i form of government, the duties of citizenship take rank as high moral and religious obligations, and, therefore, took deep interest in the politics of his \. country. He was a stanch Whig until that party was disbanded, when he naturally affiliated with the Re- jHiblican paity with zeal and enthusiasm. It is re- membered that he felled with his own hands, and with his teams conveyed to the spot on Main street, Abmgdon, where it was erected, the young tree out of which was wrought the great ix>le from which the large Fremont and Dayton flag floated during the campaign of 1856. He felt the defeat of the Repub- lican party in that year, with all the poignancy of a personal bereavement. The principles for which he had contended for a lifetime achieved a political triumph four years later, but ere then he had been " gathered to his fathers." He placed an exaggerated estimate upon the ad- vantages conferred by a classical education, and, though a man of rare attainments, he always felt at a disadvantage among men whose opportunities for education had been such as had been denied to him. This, added to a native modesty approaching dif- fidence, caused him to shrink from prominence among his fellows, and resulted frequently in his not being placed in those stations of responsibility for which he was so eminently fitted by superior natural and acquired abilities. X 93° KNOX COUNTY. A devoted husband and father, consistent in char- acter, a model of probity, ardent and tenacious in friendship, wise and sympathetic in counsel, generous to a fault, and a lover of his kind, Thomas Camp was, altogether, such a manly man as good mei\, everywhere, cherish in association and in memory. I ^fHyiarity Teague Camp, relict of Rev. ^ilSl' Thomas Camp, resided at Abingdon for "Sr^^ more than a fourth of a century. She ^!'^ was born in South Carolina, May 7, 1818, Jt? and died at Shenandoah, Iowa, Sept. 26, \ 1885. She was the fourth daughter of Dr. John and Rebecca B. Neal, scions of an old South Carolina family. Dr. Neal was a man of great skill as a physician, but of such restless energy that no single vocation satisfied him. To his professional labors he, from time to time, added those of mer- chant, planter, drover, mill-owner, etc., but not with uniform success. He made and lost fortunes with marvelous rapidity and equanimity. The e.xcitement of frontier enterprises and dangers had a peculiar fascination for him, and, in i S34, led him to locate among the Creek Indians, in Alabama, where he died a few yeirs later. He was a man of spot- less character, and of broad usefulness in his time. The subject of tiiis sketch had few advantages derived from schools of any grade, being reared in the same vicinity and amid surroundings similar to those of her husband. But, in addition to the in- tellectual character and pursuits of her father, she had large compensation in her mother, who had been bred with great care and tenderness, and who devoted herself with rare assiduity and success to the cult- ure of the minds and manners of her daughters. Mrs. Camp sympathized heartily with the tastes and pursuits of her husband, and, by her cheerful, hopeful views of life, shed continuous sunshine upon iheir often rugged and shadowy pathway. She was womanly in the last degree by nature, and instinctively leaned upon her husband in all purely business affairs — a habit strengthened by her South- ern education. When, therefore, she was left a widow, with a limited income and eight children, all minors, she felt, as she expressed it, " like a child confronted by a stone wall, through which it must pass." She, however, bravely consecrated the ener- gies of her life to carrj'ing fonvard the work begun by her husband, in the education of their children, and never turned aside from it while opportunity lasted. How she struggled and sacrificed, in that work, many know in part, and her children will cherish in holy remembrance. In the summer of 1861, her married daughter emigrated across the plains to California, and her eldest son entered the service of his Government in a foreign land. In the autum.n of the same year, her other sons, aged 20 and 17 respectively, enlisted in the Union Army, for a term of three years' service. About the same time, death claimed little Lizzie, the idol of the household, leaving only the widow and three young daughters in the broken home. What she endured in her loneliness, from domestic cares, an.xiety for absent ones — more especially from the awful suspense that hung about the results to her of oft-recurring battles in the field, during the terrible years of the Civil War — no mortal ever knew, » for she bore her greatest burdens in secret. She was devoutly pious from early youth, and her faith gave tone and strength to her character. Trust-^J ing implicitly in the promises of the God of the Bible, she rested in the arms of Omnipotence with a quiet courage which no calamity could wholly break. Her , religion was, to her, a fountain of hope and cheerful- ness, even in the darkest days of her long widow- hood, and kept her heart )oung to the end of life. She was ever the ideal of children, the welcome companion of youth, the cherished friend and coun- selor of young manhood and womanhood. She was a wife and mother in all those sacred terms imply, and lived a widow nearly 30 years, not in name only, but in heart. In every relation in life she filled the full measure of a true woman — loved while living, and mourned when dead, by a wide circle of friends. She lived to see her seven remaining children heads of families, and to rejoice in the love and veneration of her grandchildren. Her four daughters are wo- men of high character and liberal culture, ranking with the useful members of the community in which theyhve. Mrs. Rebecca A. Nye lives at San Jose, Cal.; Sarah K , wife of Dr. S. M. Spaulding, lives at Minneapolis, Minn. ; Maggie M., wife of Dr. H. P. Duffield, lives at Shenandoah, Iowa; IvyC.,wifeof M. J Dufhdld, lives at Omaha, Neb. John N., the eldest son, who was educated at 1 -H^ KNOX COUNTY. 93' Abingdon College, was apiwinted at the beginning of President Lincoln's administration Consul to Kings- ton, Jamaica. After the expiration of his term he was engaged for awhile in business in Central America. From that country he went to Galveston, Texas, where he has since made his home, and en- tered the customs service. During this period he was married to a lady of Kingston, Jamaica, and subse- quently he was appointed by President Grant Col- lector of Internal Revenue for the First District of Texas. He became active and prominent in the latter part of the reconstruction of Texas, being a member of most of the conventions of his party (Republican), and a wise counselor in all its deliber- ations, as the writer of this sketch personally knows. In Galveston, especially, has he been the leader of his party, and directed here all its movements. He is a man of fine personal appearance, of large in- tellect, extensive culture, of exalted character and unquestionable integrity. Sterling T. and Henry Clay served over three- years in the Union Army, participating in many bat- tles, among them Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, I Pleasant Hill, and the two days' fight near Nashville. They were in the 5 8th 111. Vol. Inf., Col. Lynch. S. T. resides at Abingdon, 111.; H. C, in St. Paul, ■ Minn. i ev. Eriek G.Hjerpe, pastor, in charge of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Church, of t'i^-^" Galesburg, was born at Hillringsbergs fU^\ Bruk, Glafva-Socken, Wermland, Sweden, V March 12, 1853. He came to America in I 1879, and in the State of Minnesota spent a year and a half. From there he came to Knox- ville, where he graduated in due course of time from the Ansgari College, a religious institution, and was at once called to Galesburg in charge of the Second Lutheran Church. Christmas, 1881, he accepted the pastorate over which he has since continuously pre- sided. His seruions are preached in his pative lan- guage, and the church of which he is in charge is properly entitled "Svenska Evangeliska Missions Forsamlingen," located at 341 East Simmons street, Galesburg. Our subject had received a pretty thorough com- mon-school training in the old country and had there preached some in a local way. His parents, named respectively Carl and Marta Lisa (Hane) Hjerpe, reared two sons and three daughters. The subject of this sketch was the eldest of the sons. • Mr. Hjerpe is a fluent speaker, good organizer, is devoted to his profession as a minister of Christ, and, altogether, wields an influence for much good. He is greatly loved both as a pastor and man. His mar- riage took place at Galesburg, Oct. 5, 1882, when he was married to Miss Josephine Alberlina Peterson, daughter of Mr. Gustafus Peterson, and a native of this city. They have two children, who are named Caroline Elizabeth and Ester Josephine. #-* I ons Hawkinson, a farmer, residing on section 13, Galesburg Township, was "' born in Sweden, May 15, 1839, and came \ to America in 1856, landing at Boston, whence he proceeded at once to Knox County, 111. On arriving here, Aug. 16, 1856, he went to work with characteristic industry by the day and by the month. He came to this county with his parents, who were named Hawkin Anderson and Hannah (Hawkin- son) Anderson. She was born in Sweden Nov. 7, 1809, and is still living in Galesburg, at a venerable age. He was born in the same country and in the same year, about December, and died March 30, 1873. They were members of the Lutheran Church at Galesburg, and were the parents of eight children, as follows-: Betsy, Annie, Margaret and one infant died in Sweden ; Olof, Mons, Nels and Andrew are living, and are all residents of Knox County except Nels, who lives in Phillips County, Neb. Mons, the subject of this sketch, was married to Miss Christina Larson, Aug. 23, 1873. She was born May 29, 185 1, in Sweden, and came to America in 1869, with her parents, named Gust, and Annie (Swanson) Larson. They had two children — Chris- tina and John A. Larson. The parents are still liv- ing in Henderson Township, Knox Countv, III. Mr. Mons Hawkinson of this sketch has five chil- dren, as follows : Bessie, born June 15, 1874; Albert, born Sept. 27, 1875 ; .A.nnie, born April 6, 1878 ; Ella, l)orn Oct. 14, 1881, and Hilma J., born May -A-3* •H- 9S2 KNOX COUNTY. 15, 1884. With that industry for which his country- men are noted, Mr. Hawkinson has become the owner of 85 acres, which is among the best land in Knox County, all in an advanced state of cultivation and most of which he devotes to the raising of broom- corn. He has on his place a good dwelling-house. Appreciating his duty to his adopted country dur- ing the War of the Rebellion, he enlisted in the army in 1 86 1. Mr. and Mrs. H. are Lutherans in faith, and in politics Mr. Hawkinson is a Republican. Like most of his people who have found homes in America, he is steady, useful and a good citizen. A view of Mr. Hawkinsoa's residence appears in this work. lIvEvid McConchie, junior member of the j|, firm of McConchie Bros., manufacturers rof carriages and wagons, and manager of he wood department of this factory, is the ^ subject herein spoken of The business was 1 established by the two elder brothers in r879, and, starting at the foot of the ladder, in these few years they have not only won splendid reputations as honest men, socially and from a business point of view, but have proven themselves thorough and skilled mechanics. They have enlarged their busi- ness, and now what at first was operated by them- selves alone t< quires six additional hands, each brother having a separate department in the work. Alexander McConchie manages the iron and David the wood department. Their trade has increased with the years, and their annual sales amount now to about $6,000 and are still on the increase. The business is chiefly local, but is sjireading as the ex- cellency and worth of their vehicles become more widely known. David, the subject of this sketch, was born at Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, May 17, 1854. His father, Robert, was a native of the same shire and directly a descendant of the Scotch nation ; pure Scotch blood flows in his veins. He was mar- ried in his native shire to Jane McQuie, born in the same place and of like ancestry. While residing in the old country the parents had born to them three sons and one daughter. The oldest child, Jane, was the wife of Gilbert Dugan, formerly a grain mer- chant of this placr:, but now deceased; the widowed sister is residing at Oneida. Alexander, senior member of the above firm ; William, employed in the factory of his brothers as blacksmith ; and David. After the births of the children the parents set out for the United States, sailing from their native land in May, 1857. They located in Oneida the follow- ing month after their arrival, and during their resi- dence in the United States three other children were born to them, one of whom, Mamie, died at the age of one year; Samuel is employed at carpenter work in the factory, and Mary resides with her par- ents in this city. The father has been connected with the C, B. & Q. R. R. for 20 years, in the ca- pacity of switchman and baggagemaster. He has never lost a day's pay, and is known as " Honest Old Bob," or " Uncle Bob." He is loved and respected by all the employes, and has the confidence of the company to the fullest extent. After David had completed his education in the High School of Oneida, at the age of 19 years, he commenced as an apprentice to learn the art of wagon-making. For this purpose he went into the shop of G. W. Roe, an old and experienced me- chanic of this place, where he faithfully served for five years. This seems a long period to the restless American youth, who is usually 190 impatient to ac- quire a trade, so long as he can be allowed to meas- ure calico or molasses for board. Mr. McConchie was not of that type, but believed that what was worth doing was worth doing well, and after leaving Mr. Roe's employ, he entered the service of Mr. R. Bristol, carriage manufacturer (now deceased), with whom he remained one year. Thus equipped with the instruction of two old mechanics and a practical experience of two shops, he was well prepared to be- gin business on his own account, and it is largely to such instruction and patient practice that their own establishment is indebted for its success and pros- perity. Mr. McConchie was united in marriage with Miss Kate B. Armor, of Quincy, 111., Oct. 6, 1885. She was a daughter of the well-known lumber-dealer of that city, and was born Aug. 17, 1853. She was educated in the public schools of Quincy, and re- ceived parental training under the Baptist persua- sion. In politics Mr. McConchie is a Republican ; he is ^> •X:^^ ilBRARY OF THE Q;v^r\vjy-«-WV-^ fft €4^^ J^XOX COUNTY. 935 also ati earnest temperance man, and in his life is an •example worthy of imitation by any American youth. L. JarnagiD, a retired farmer, residing at j;'^3b:. Victoria village, Knox County, was born in V.J) '■'^ Grainger County, East 'I'enn., March 15, ^.-^ 1S19. He is a son of Noah and Littis (Grove) %. Jarnagin, natives of Tennessee and Virginia \ respectively. The parents came to Illinois in November, 183 1, and located at what is now known as Gilson Station. At that place they remained until 1842. Two years later we find the family in Bates County, Mo., where the mother died in August, 1844. From there the father moved to Jackson County, in the same State, where he died in November, 1848. J. L. Jarnagin remained at home until 20 years of age, receiving a good common-school education, and assisting his father on the farm. He remained in Kno.\ County for one year and then removed to Mis- souri, making a stay of four years at that place, where he engaged in farming. Upon coming to Illi- nois he settled in Victoria Township, on section 28, where he purchased 160 acres of land. He subse- quently secured a quarter of section 22, and later 40 acres adjoining, and on section 28 bought 80 acres. To all of these tracts he has added, 40 acres each on sections 31 and 34 and 20 acres on section 23. His residence was located ujXjn section 28, from 1845 to 1869, when, until 1875, he lived in the village of Victoria. At that lime he returned to the farm, where he passed the following two years. Desiring again some relief from his heavy farm work, he re- turned to Victoria, where he is now residing. Mr. J. was married to Miss Emily Tapp, in 1839. She was a native of Virginia, and is a daughter of Vincent and Sophia (Basey) Tapp. The parents of Mrs. T. came Illinois and Knox County in 1838, and located on section 33, Victoria Township, where they purchased 120 acres of land, and where they re- mained until their deaths, in 1853 and 1884 respect- ively. Our subject and wife have been blessed by the birth of nine children, of whom we give the follow- ing brief memoranda : Melissa became the wife of Dr. William A. Grove, and is the mother of two children — Pearl and Grace ; Mary L., now Mrs. Peter Ironburg, is the mother of three children, named Emily, Susan and Lucy; William A. Jarnagin mar- ried Miss Eliza Breese, and to them have been born four children, who bear the names of Louis H., Pansy A., Blanche A. and John; Eliza Jarnagin mar- ried Eric Johnson, and has borne her husband two children — Earnest and an infant unnamed; Ellen Jarnagin became the wife of James David. Our subject in political faith casts his vote for the Republican party. He has held the office of Super- visor, being the first one elected after the organiza- tion of the township, and which position he held four terms. He has also served the township as School Director and Trustee ; was Justice of the Peace for 14 years and also Town Clerk. He has also held the office of Assessor for a number of years. James Wesley, eldest son, when 18 years old, en- listed in July, 1 861, in Co. K, 47th 111. Reg. He was wounded three times and died in May, 1864, from disease contracted while in the army. Spencer L., the second son, enlisted in October, 1861, when he was 18 years of age. He was a member of Co. — , of the 7th Illinois, and died in February, 1862, from sickness contracted while in the sersice. He died at '^ Mound City Hospital, Illinois. In 1850, Mr. Jarnagin took the trip overland to California. On the return trip the crew mutinied, and from there went to Central and South America and Cuba. He was gone nearly two years. During the war he was a stanch Union man. He made many speeches and tendered valuable aid in recruiting and keeping aUve the patriotic feeling in his locality and in organizing branches of the Union League. The publishers take pleasure in presenting the portrait of Mr. Jarnagin in connection with this sketch. 5-H^<##.^-5 |^^g[' ndrew T. Dunlap is the son of Andrew J. '^^If and Mary S. (Patterson) Dunlap, and resides |lt^5^ on his farm, locafed on section 26, of Hen- ^i^m derson Township. His parents were natives 'jfe^ of Kentucky and Pennsylvania, where they Y were widely known and highly respected. Our subject's father came to Knox County in 1837, when he first settled in Cedar Township, but subsequently 1 removed to Henderson. At this latter place his de- I mise took place on the 14th of April. 1877. His a 936 XyOX COUNTY. \ widow resides in Galesburg. They had a very inter- esting family of nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth. He was born in Cedar Township, Oct. 23, 1850. He early showed a de- cided aptitude for study and received a gpod com- mon-school education. For years he has been en- gaged in stock-raising and agricultural pursuits, making the breeding of Short- horns his specialty. Andrew J. Dunlap, the father of our subject, was bom in Fleming Count)', Ky., July 23, 1816, and with his father, Henry T. Dunlap, removed to whai is now Cedar Township, in Knox County, in 1837, where he grew to manhood and married. He and his wife had born to them nine children, seven of whom grew to man and womanhood. He was raised on the farm, and on attaining the years of majority purchased a farm in Cedar Township, where he was one of the first men to engage in the breeding of pure-blood Short-horns. He was one of the pioneer cattle- breeders of the county, and may justly be credited with having done more than almost any other man to improve the stock of this portion of Illinois. At the ime of his death he was the owner of one of the ^ finest herds in the State, and a few years after his death, at a sale of the herd, they brought the high- est average price of any herd sold that year. He was for several years a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and was prominent in all things which had for their object the advancement of the material and moral growth of the community in which he resided. It is said that when he was married he had only §80 in money, but with that broad idea of business which always characterized his operations, he =et about industriously and with prudent frugal- ity to achieve success, and at his death he left a comfortable competency to his family. He and his wife were both members of the Congregational Church, and had been for several years prior to his death. Andrew J. Dunlap left five sons and two daughters : Henrj' T. is married and engaged in bus- iness at Sterling, Kan.; John S. is married and doing business in Peoria; Samuel P. is in Hannibal, Mo., and is a clergyman of the Congregational Church, and Andrew T., the subject of this sketch ; the daugh- ters, Perinelia A. and Ella J., are single, and reside with their mother in Galesburg; Robert M., single, now resides with Andrew T. Andiew T., some time after the death of his father, bought the home place, and for three years after- ward managed the herd left by his father, until it was disposed of at public sale. Since that time he has continued tt) breed Short-horns. At the present time one of his specialties is the breeding of fine car- riage horses. He now owns the sweepstakes Cleveland bay " Nobleman," which took the first prize at the Grand Royal Show of Stallions in En- gland, where he took his class prize and the sweep- stakes over all ages at the same show. As a two- year-old " Nobleman " won the first prize at the Royal Agricultural Society Show, at the York meeting, England, in 1883, also the champion prize of all ages at the same show ; and in 1884-85 he took the sweep- stakes prize for a general-purpose horse of any age, at the Illinois State Fair. This horse Mr. Dunlap purchased of Col. Robert Holloway, of Alexis, 111., who imported him. The subject of our sketch is a gentleman remarka- ble for his progressive tendencies and large and lib- eral views, both social and political. He is a Re- publican in politics, with which party he has always identified himself. There are very few aentleraen in Knox County who take so decided an interest in the movements of the day affecting the country so- cially, morally and politically, and he has gathered aiound him an influential circle of substantial men like himself Mr. Dunlap was married Feb. 21, 1886, to Miss Sadie Galloway, daughter of Edgar Galloway, of Ravenswood, 111. ISdiarles A. Schoonmaker is junior member of the firm of Madison & Schoonmaker, ^j*^ manufacturers and dealers in harness, sad- ^U dlery, etc., at the city of Galesburg. He was born in Delaware County, N. Y., May 11, 1847. His parents, Joseph and Amanda (Crosby) Schoonmaker, reared two sons, Charles being the eldest. The family came to Knox County in 1855, and have lived here since. It was here that the subject of the sketch learned his trade, and it was here also that he attended the common schools, at which he acquired a fair English education. Mr. Schoonmaker worked for several years at "jour " work before going into business for himself, and although the style or firm name indicates him as a junior, he is really the head of the firm, in this, SK I H y • ■ ■ KNOX COUNTY. 937 if that he has exclusive management in the direction of the business. Our subject was married at Knox- ville, in 1866, to Miss Eugenia Haines, a native of York State, and the one child born to them is a daughter, named Ida. of this county, was born in Dutchess Coun- /JIk^ ty, N. Y., of Scotch-Irish parentage. His grandfather, Enoch Haynes, came to America with some of the earlier settlers, and with him a brother, William, who settled in one of the Carolinas, and Enoch at the North. They were active, prominent men during the struggles of our national birth, and botli left their family name to posterity. Both families have always been Union- loving men, and their later descendants are strongly possessed of tlie same characteristics. Asa, the subject of this sketch, was bereft of a mother's care while yet a babe, and was cared for by an elder sister until nine years of age, when he was " bound out " to man named Niokerson, with whom he lived until 15, when he returned to his father's house and remained until he was 22. His father moved to Clinton County, Ohio, and there Asa helped clear a farm and employed himself as was the cus- tom of those days. Hardship and toil were the com- panions of his earlier years ; he never owned a hat or cap until he was 1 1 years old, nor a boot or shoe until 13. He was sent to school for two months in the winter season, but all told he only had 13 months' schooling. At the age of 22 he, in connection with an elder brother, purchased a farm and went to work for him- self. He married, at the age of 26, Miss Mary Gad- dis, of Fayette County, Pa. She was of Irish de- scent, and a lady of much spirit and beauty. Her parents were considered well off, in a worldly point of view, and her suitors were many ; b;:t she chose the dark, strong " Black Yankee," as he was dubbed, and made him a cheerful and helpful companion for many years ; and as we read the history of the man, as fatlier, neighbor and citizen, we read hers, too, as the wife and mother— careful and watchful, bearing without murmur the many burdens laid upon her, and rearing her family as best she might, being -A always faithful and willing, and thinking of " father" and his comfort above all else. Oh, who can pen the history of a wife in tliose days of new beginnings — the lonely days stretching into weeks and months, the extra work and toil laid upon shoulders already too weak to bear their load. "Verily, they shall have their reward." They were married Oct. 7, 1830, he aged 26, she 18. He was dressed in black cassimere knee-pants, with white silk stockings, and low shoes with silver buckles, a blue broadcloth coat, known as the " claw- hammer," adorned upon t'he lapels and cuffs, and upon the hips, where it was faced with yellow silk, with gold buttons. His hair was combed back smooth and braided down behind and tied with a blue ribbon. She was arrayed all in white. The slippers were high-heeled, and the dress was gored to the waist, a hoop was in the lower hem, and the sleeves were " mutton-leg." A long, large white lace shawl was thrown over her and a white vail covered her hair, rolled on top of her head and kept there by a com!) a foot high. They lived upon their farm until 1S36, when they came to Knox County. They had at this time two > children^a girl three years old and a boy ten months old, accompanied by two nephews aged ti and 13. They started the ist of September and were ig, days on the road, 17 of them being rainy. The rivers were all swollen or out of banks, and the har- ness on the horses was never dry from tlie time they started until they arrived at their destination. They had bought 300 acres of land on section 30, Orange Township, and here, in a log cabin of one room, they settled. The new settlers soon began to lake an active part in the business of the county and township, and soon there was not an enterprise afoot but what the name of Haynes was connected with it. He soon started a 'brickyard, and in 1840 put up a mill on Brush Creek, and began sawing lumber and making brick. He taught school during the winter, in his own house. In 1843 he built a large frame barn, get- ling out and sawing the lumber at his own will, and at the raising there was every man in the county, excepting three. It was a huge affair for those days, and was the topic of conversation for years. The next year, 1844, he began to build his house — a large, two-story brick, with 12 rooms and a cellar, and, while the barn had been a wonder, the house w^sj a .^ ?==4^ 938 KNOX COUNTY. still greater, and stands to this day as a monument of his skill. While engaged in these improvements, he was from time to time buying more land, building fences and tenement houses, and helping, too, in the busi- ness of the county, being for several years a County Commissioner and Supervisor. The nearest flouring-mills were Long's, on Spoon River, and Edwards', upon Green River. The near- est markets were at Canton, Peoria and Oquawka. Most of his furniture was made by hand and at the house, by Jesse Perdue, who also made the frame- work of his house. The farm at that time presented a lively appearance; the mill and brickyard were in full blast ; there were from 8 to 12 yoke of oxen and horses, with their drivers, coming and going, break- ing prairie, hauling timbsr to the mill, men splitting raits and building fence, the masons at work on the stones, and the women at their weaving, spinning, dyeing and cooking, presenting the appearance of a ►small colony. And the busy times were interspersed with wet or cold days. When under cover, the many ,c hands were set to work mending harness, making •-''brooms, ax handles, and patching boots and shoes — for everything was done at the farm, and every- thing kept in repair. A tailoress was hired for six months in the year, to cut and make the homespun suits. Sheep were kept, and all the bedding and clothing were made here. The loom and spuming wheel were never idle, and life on this farm was a busy scene. Of course there were many exciting and some quite dangerous experiences in such an early day, and we might fill quite a volume with incidents and anec- dotes of those early days, but we can only give a few, as the hie of the pioneer is now very like what it was then. The timber was full of wolves, the prairie of deer, and small "varmints "of all kinds pestered and worried the settlers ; a half dozen hounds were a partof every farmer's household, and were a necessary adjunct. The wolves were very bold, often carrying off a pig or lamb in broad daylight, and to have a dog rush out barking savagely and the man rush in for a gun was a common occurrence. iMany a night the men have been up most of the night keeping the wolves from carrying off small pigs or killing the sheep. They would seldom attack a human being ; but once, as Mr. Haynes was coining from Knoxville, he was attacked by a large gray wolf. Mr. Haynes was on horseback, carrying a pair of heavy new boots ; the wolf sprang and caught his leg ; he knocked it off, and, getting off his horse, killed it with the boots. Mr. Haynes owned at one time 989 acres of land in Orange Township, 500 acres in Iowa, 120 acres in Lower California. He was one of the famous " Jay- hawkers," of 1849, and crossed the sandy desert in company with sixty others in that year; was Cap- tain of the company that went from Monmouth, 111. He was a stanch Union man during the late war, and contributed money and influence and had many relatives on both sides of the family, a son and three sons-in-law in the army. His life was threatened several times by what were called the " Knights of the Golden Circle," but he never flinched in speaking his opinions. He was one of tlie founders of the Knox County Agricultural Society, of which he is a life member. He was one of the first three men who introduced Short-horn cattle into the county, and was the first to bring in the spotted China hog. For many years he was the great stock-raiser of this part of the county, and his word was always as good as his bond. He lived for a number of years in California, where he owned two beautiful farms. He lives at this writing at the old homestead in Orange, aged 82 years. He lost his wife three years ago, and his family have all married and settled, as families will. One, a son, lives in Lower California; one in South- ern Kansas; two daughters in Missouri, and two in Orange, near the old home. His relatives are in every State in the Union, and, with very few excep- tions, among her best citizens — patriotic, honorable and industrious. ^^ames McClymont is a farmer, residing on section 18, in Copley Township, Knox County, and one of our most substantial and progressive citizens. He was born in Copley Township Oct. 2, 1853. His parents, Peter and Margaret (Miller) McClymont, were natives of Scotland and had a family of four chil- dren—Mary, Margaret, Helen and James. They came to America in 1844, and, settling in Copley Township, took 180 acres on section 18, made all J *r KNOX COUNTY. 939 the improvements and lived on the same until 1885, when they retired from what had been pleasant and agreeable labor and moved to Oneida, where the father is now living. Mrs. McClymont died in 1880. James, of this writing, remained at school until he was 21 years old, then took up the home farm on shares. He was thus engaged until 1878, when he purchased the place where he now lives. It con- sists of 140 acres, and to it he has added all the un- provenients that an ingenious mind can devise and a skillful hand e.xecute. Mr. McClymont was married in 1878 to Isabelle McDowell, daughter of John and Margaret (Gordon) McDowell. They were natives of Scotland and most estimable and worthy people. Mr. and Mrs. McClymont have a family of five children — Ethel, Fred, Gordon, Jenette and Clyde. Mr. C. is a Re- publican and has held some of the minor township offices, having been Town Collector, School Director and Pathmaster. ^#^ ^ \ rector P. Myers. Prominent on the rec- fe ords of Knox County are the names of *,ii^^ many prosperous and successful farmers, jj!^ and among tlie leading ones may be found that J/U- of our subject. His homestead lies on section 9, of Persifer Township, and he may be reck- oned among the settlers of earlier days, as he located in this section of country in 1S58, in Haw Creek Township. By a happy combination of native ability and the smiles of prosperity, he has won his way until he stands high among the influential members of so- ciety. Mr. Myers was born in Adams County, Ohio, Oct. 17, 18 14, and was almost tliree years of age w'hen his parents removed to Highland County, that State,where he continued until he attained the age of 21 years. In his younger days he learned the tanner's trade, and also that of milling. He did not continue in the former branch of business after coming to Illinois. He first setHed in Vermilion County, where he lived nearly 12 years before coming to Knox County. In Haw Creek Township he lived about seven years, trading for mill property in Persifer Townshij), and removing to this latter township in i860. He oper- ated a grist-mill nearly four years, then sold it and purchased the farm where he now resides. He is one of the most extensive landowners in this section of country, owning about 225 acres, one-fourtli of which is improved and under good cultivation. Mr. Myers was married in Vermilion County, to Sarah Johns, who was a native of Clinton County, Ohio, and to them have been born ten children, eight living, as follows: Abraham, Richard, Franklin, Da- vid, Douglas, Charlie, Adeline and Nancy E. John and Hannah R. are deceased. Mr. Myers is a useful member of society, is some- what interested in educational matters, and while liv- ing in Haw Creek was School Director and Road Commissioner. Politically he identifies himself with the Democratic party, supporting the doctrines of thatorganization and casting his vole witli it. He has watched the varying shades of political differences and the movements of national affairs for a long time, as he voted first for Andrew Jackson. ouis Palmquist. Among the more promi- nent business men and leading citizens of Knoxville is found the gentleman whose biograjihy is herein briefly recorded. He is engaged in the furniture and undtrtaking busi- ness, and has secured a good patronage and esteem and confidence of the community of which he is a member. Mr. Palmquist was born in Sweden, Oct. 2, 1834, and grew to manhood in his native country. He was trained in the public schools, where he received his early education, and which he attended till he at- tained the age of 14 years. At this time reverses of fortune compelled the young boy to depend upon his own exertions for maintenance. Believing thai if he could not do as he would, he must do as he could, he engaged with a gardener, intending to learn this call- ing, and so faithfully did he devote his attention to the business in hand, and so minutely did he follow the directions of his employer, that he soon became very proficient in the art. He followed this occupation till 1856, when he emigated to America, sailing from Guttenberg, Sweden, in the month of May. The voyage proved an unfortunate one for the young emigrant, who was shipwrecked off the coast of New- foundland, and 55 of the ship's 61 passengers were lost at sea. The cause of this disaster was the heavy !4-6- 4 940 KNOX COUNTY. 4* overhanging fogs, which prevented a clear survey of the ocean, and at midnight the ship encountered rocks and was dashed to pieces upon them. As she went down, the pumps and the hard-working crew having been employed in vain, young Palmquist and two others as a last resort climbed into the rigging and so were saved, as a fragment of the vessel drifted about. In the morning these survivors were discov- ered and taken on a fishing smack, which landed them in New York City in the month of July. From this section of the country Mr. Palmquist set his face toward the setting sun, and in the hearty and honest belief that " the gods help those who help themselves," engaged with O. B. Judson, an enter- prising furniture manufacturer of Galesburg. With him he served an apprenticeship for three years, after which he worked in the same shop until tiie year r86i, when he came to Knoxville, and with his brother, Peter, as associate partner, engaged in the ^ manufacture of furniture and coffins. They opened a salesroom in connection with this, and received a fair amount of patronage from the people of the sur- ^ rounding country, continuing their partnership until a few months before his brother's death, in 1876, since which time he has conducted the business alone. The connubial relations of Mr. Palmquist ajid his wife, Carrie (Nelson) Palmquist, also a native of Swe- den, in which country she was born Sept. 12, 1838, and whom he married Sept. 15, i860, have been of the most agreeable and congenial character. Their happiness has been made more perfect by the ad- vent of six children, whose names are as follows : Charlie, Will, Ada, Amanda, Hulda and Anna. The family is well known and highly respected; the father and mother worship in the Lutheran Church. Mr. Palmquist is actively interested in public affairs, and in politics is a Republican. 'saac Jones, foreman of tlie coppersmith shop of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., at Gales- J^ burg, was born in Chester, Cheshire Co, ^J^ England, Aug. 27, 1844. He is the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Davis) Jones, who re- moved to Wolverhampton, where the subject of our sketch was reared and educated. At the age of 14 years, Isaac Jones bec ame ap.- ^. prenticed to learn the coppersmith's trade, and com- pleted the same in his 20th year. He then followed this vocation in Wolverhampton for four years, and in 1868 he set sail for the United States, coming directly West, where he spent a short time in the city of Chicago, subsequently coming to Galesburg, where he accepted the position which he has since so creditably filled. The gentleman of whom we write was married at Galesburg, to Mrs Hannah Elliott (nee Barry), who has borne him three children — two sons, Isaac and Robert, and a daughter, Maggie, who died in infancy. Mr. Jones is a skilled workman, and, although coming a stranger to our shores, has through his pro- fessional ability and persistent industry secured for himself a worthy place among his fellow-craftsmen, and a high position with the corporation which he represents. R. Hardy, of Abingdon, was born in the county of Brant, Canada, about 80 miles norihwest of Buffalo, N. Y. The county »< of his birth probably lias more fine stock than any other in Canada, and it was there that our subject had his first experience in handling and raising cattle, which was on his father's farm. When a young man he left home and took uj) his residence in Michigan, where he lived for about 15 years and then removed to St. Augustine, Knox County, 111., and engaged in the mercantile business. Five years later he sold out and removed to Abingdon. While on one of his visits to Canada he first saw some Gal- loway cattle, that were recently imported. He was struck with their appearance and the manner in which they withstood the cold climate of Canada, as compared with the best horned cattle, and the im- pression made on his mind has never been eradi- cated. He was not satisfied until he had provided himself with some of the breed, and has found that they even exceed his expectation in " rustling "qual- ities, and that they are the cattle which will, in time, be in more demand than any other. They mature early and make excellent beef from the time they are six months old to the age of three years. The hide of the three-year-old steer will weigh from 30 to 40 lb. more than our common cattle, thus giving him an additional overcoat, as it were, which gn a cold !^=rW- KNOX COUNTY. 94T night will be highly appreciated. Their beef is beau- I tifully marbled. The Short-horn cattle have proved I the best to cross with, as they appear to be most sus- i ceptible to an infusion of new blood and produce robust, well-coated, beefy cattle, with 90 per cent of them )x>lled and black, maturing early, and can be made ripe for the block at an early age. After corresponding and reading the history of the \ cattle, our subject decided to be the champion of that breed, and, in connection with Mr. Parker, was the first to bring them to Indian Point Township and among the first to introduce them into the State of I Illinois. ! Mr. R. A. Parker, who consented to join our sub- I ject in raising this breed of cattle, was from Ken- j tucky, and a region of the State noted for its blue grass and cattle. He was a gentleman who had a life experience in cattle, and was an adept at hand- ling and breeding, and a judicious and careful feeder. ' They commenced in a small way and in a little over C four years their herd numbers about 75 head and , j is composed mostly of cows and heifers. They look I for a rapid increase in their sales, which prevent >■ them froiii becoming overstocked. I The following is the pedigree of some of the stock owned by Parker & Hardy, as shown by the Araeri- • can and Scotch Herd-books: Imp. Prince Ji\n)bo, ' ii4i,at the head of the herd. Sire, Scottish Bor- der, No. 667. Dam, Kate, No. 538. Sire, Black Prince of Druratanrig, No. 546. Dam, Llythia, of Drumlanrig, No. 1307. Sire, Knowsley, No. 1279. Dam, Beauty, of Fallow Wheat, No. 2767. Prince Jumbo's pedigree, e.xtended, shows 31 prize winning animals, and the prizes repeated on the same animals amount to upward of 150, many of them being Royal. Scottish Border (669) was used successfully in the herds of the Earl of Galloway, Mr. Routh- ledge Elrig and Mr. Cuninigam Tarbercoch, and very I few Galloways have enjoyed a higher reputation. As a sire, his produce combines substance and quality in an uncommon degree. His sire was the match- less bull, Black Prince of Drumlanrig, 546 Scottish Border's dam was Llythia of Drumlaniig, 1307, once first, once second and twice third at shows at the Highland Society. Her d;im. Miss Magill, 1302, re- ceived the first prize at the International show at London, in 1862, and she traces back to the oldest strains in the Duke of Buccleuch's magnificent herd. Black Prince of Drumlanrig, 546, was the most dis- tinguished Galloway bull for 20 years. He was easily first at all the national and other leading shows, and was never vanquished in a long show career. His produce have been so distinguished that at one of the largest ex|X)sitions of Galloways ever seen, at Dum- frees Union in 1883, about 70 per cent of the prize- winners were his descendants and 900 guineas was re- fused for him when he was upward of ir years old. The Duke of Buccleuch's name will thus live as long as the Galloway cattle endure, and when the fertile fields of Illinois become blackened with these horn- less beauties, the name of the Duke of Buccleuch, the pioneer breeder of improved Galloways, will be- come a household word in the home of stockmen all over our land. Prince Jumbo cannot fail to be the prince of breeders, as there is nothing back of him but prize-winners, and he either breeds after him- self or some of his ancestry, and in either case the results will be gratifying. The question as to how to breed polled cattle is often propounded, and while interviewing Messrs. Parker& Hardy, we obtained the following infoimation on that point : Select a thoroughbred bull, with high pointed poll, well sunken where the horns should be. Never select a high-horned cow, as it is found that more of their progeny have horns or scurs as a rule than any others. A low, short, crooked or crumpled horn will breed the most |X)lled calves, and nearly as many as a low-jxilled cow. Jerseys are noted next to the Short- horns as breeding more polled calves than any other breed of horned cattle, if crossed with the above described bull. A Galloway will breed more blacks than any other breed in crossing, as their get is almost universally black and polled, with only an occasional exception. Of the origin of the Galloways, in a recent article a Scotch writer traces their genealogy to long before the Christian era, introducing them into Britain with the Gauls, into the district in the southwest of Scot- land. We read of polled cattle appearing in South America among horned ones, probably a throwing back to a remote polled cross. In a survey of the reign of Alexander III, 1249, a com|)iled history of Scotland refers to the black cattle. We have fre- quent mention of their early establishment and rec- ognition. The agricultural reports of Scotland, 1794-5, say: The Galloway breed of black polled cattle is universally known and admired. Thus the Galloways are the old ranch cattle of Britain, and p 94 2 KNOX COUNTY. ■while the ancient trails are fenced and tilled, and the drives long a thing of the past, the cattle still retain those hardy and impressive traits which especially fit them for the hardy outdoor life to whicli cattle are subjected in all parts of America. Their long ancestry of the same fixed type is what gives them their great prepotency, a wonder to many modern breeders, since crossing a thoroughbred Gal- loway bull with any breed of horned cattle gives a very large percentage — fully 98 per cent — of black polled calves. They are the largest and most typi- cal breed of Scotch polled cattle, and, with the ex- ception of the West Highlander, the only existing breed of superior beef-producing quality that still retains its aboriginal coat of long, rich, warm hair. In their character as a superior beef producing cattle, they have been so long and favorably known to the English epicure that for many years the " Scots " have commanded two cents per pound more in En- glish markets than other breeds. As " Scots " have often, also, been included the West Highland cattle, as likewise the Angus. A typical Galloway, with his bright, expressive countenance, his trim, symmetrical body, his glossy, black coat, long, brushy tail and perfect feet, is an attractive and interesting animal. He has rather a large head without the slightest trace of horns or scurs ; high frontal bone, with rounded crown; large, clear, prominent eyes; ears moderate in length and broad, pointing upward and forward, and full of long, silky hair; neck rather short, clean, and fitting well into the shoulders, the top in line with the back in the female, and in the male naturally rising with age. A Idng, round body, well-ribbed liome, shoulders wide above ; breast full and deep, plenty of room for lungs ; large through the heart, denoting a good circulation of blood, hence one of the reasons for their ability to stand the severe weather of our extreme winters ; heavy hind quarters, small hock bones. The whole body round like a barrel, set on short, muscular legs with clean, fine bone; the hind legs straighter than those of other breeds, and squarely fleshed right down to the hock. He is clad in a coat of short, black fur, through which in autumn a coat of hair four or five inches long protrudes. In the spring the long hair is shed, leaving only the mossy undercoat until the following autumn, when they again begin growing their overcos^ts. This long, wavy hair — shaggy almost — and thick mossy undercoat is an im- portant point, in cold weather retaining warmth, and on wet days throwing off the rain. Another impor- tant point is their light weight of bone as compared with other breeds. They are lively, active and spir- ited, having the instinct of self-preservation well de- veloped. They will be found even in extreme weather hunting the old grass of the pastures, and eating quite undisturbed by the cold and storm when other cattle will not venture from shelter. Ere many years the farmers of the Eastern and Middle States must turn their attention to something that will yield a better profit than raising grade cattle for market. A demand for thoroughbred animals has already been created, and they are being freely used to improve the stock of the Western ranch. The polled Galloway is peculiarly fitted for this branch of cattle industry, and wherever introduced has proved and will continue to prove the favorite of the Western stockmen. Ex-Gov. Routt, says in Field and Farm, that in the grand round-up, in 1886, of cattle of the State, not a dead carcass of a Galloway or Angus was found. They are the hardy brutes of this West- ern country ; he believes a Galloway would outlive a buffalo in a long continued storm. The question is often asked the owners of black cattle why it is, if they are so good, that we have never heard of them before. If they were so valu-, able, why were they not brought over before, etc. .' The large, bony Scotch overran Northern Ireland and drove out or conquered the Irish, and married their women and settled up that part of Ireland. In their removal to that country they took their cattle with them. They were at the time hornless, and many of them reds and brindles ; even at that early day many were black. The great fire of London took place in 1616 ; the farmers largely lived in London and tilled their land in the country; these benevo- lent Scotch-Irish sent over their black Galloways in large numbers, and presented them to the impover- ished farmers. The House of Lords soon after passed a bill prohibiting the importation of any more black and hornless cattle into England, and com- pelled the farmer to put sheep upon his farm in- stead of the comely blacks. Thus they were at an early period of their history barred from competing with the cattle of England. Had they been allowed a foothold on the shores of England, it is not im- probable that tliey would to-day be more numerous than any breed of cattle on earth. UBi^ARY OF TH£ o6^C^i^J3AA^A/^ LIBRARY OF THE . » _T> KNOX COUNTY. 947 Messrs. Parker & Hardy have invested a large sum of money in their magnificent herd. Their breeding cows are of the best families, and of un- questioned purity of blood. They are of a fi.\ed type of the improved Galloways. A bull is half of the herd, because he is the sire of all the young members of the herd, and in Prince Jumbo they have everything to be desired, as prominent breeders have remarked that they firmly believed that Prince Jumbo was the best animal of the breed between the two oceans, as well as the best breeder. We would advise parties wishing to start a herd to first see what there is in their own county, as the best families are brought almost to their doors. In starting a herd it is highly imix)rtant that you should start with the right sorts. If the first is bred right, they will remain the same; and if bred from poor ancestors, the results will be anything but encouraging. Laying the foun- dation of a herd can be likened to the laying of a foundation of a house. They should both be right to endure. We present in this Album a view of their place, showing some of their magnificent cattle, among them Prince Jumbo (1141). H3= =£>- ^ala Blakeslee, deceased. The subject of this biographical notice, whose portrait, with that of his e.xcellent wife, who sur- vives him, we present on the preceding pages, was one of the most widely respected and best known citizens of Knox County. He was a resident of Salem Township, and up to the date of his demise was one of its most useful members of society. He was a pioneer in this section of the country, coming to Illinois in June, 1834, thus ex- periencing the hardships incident to that day and all of the triumphs to which those early settlers look back, at the present day, with deep satisfaction. Mr. Blakeslee was born in Plymouth, Conn , Jan 14, 1805. His father, also by name Sala Blakeslee, was a native of the same State, and his grandfather, Asher Blakeslee, was of Welsh ancestry and Ameri- can birth, who likewise claimed Connecticut as his native State. Our subject was a model in his chosen field of labor, agriculture, and was systematic and accurate as a business man. He shirked no duty, was a kind friend and good neighbor, and left the world with the comfortable assurance that his life had been a fair success. Sala Blakeslee, Sr., was by occupation a blacksmith, at which branch of business he continued until 1817. In September of that year he emigrated to the Far West. His family consisted of his wife and six chil- dren, three sons and three daughters. Two of these had preceded them several years. He loaded the household goods and traveled by wagon, drawn by oxen, while the family occupied a one-horse vehicle. In this primitive way they continued their journey, which occupied from September 2 to October 9. At this time they entered the State of Ohio, settling in Ashtabula County, where they purchased timber land. Their location is now included in the city limits of Ashtabula. Continuing at his trade, he in- structed his sons in the clearing of the farm, and by unflagging industry a home was erected, in which he continued to reside until his death. ^ Our subject was the youngest son of the family and grew to manhood in Ohio. He assisted his father in agricultural pursuits, continuing with him until of age. Arriving at the state of manhood, he rented a brother's farm, and engaged in labor for himself His marriage took place Jan. 10, 1830, to Lydia B. Pearce, who was born in Grafton, N. H., July 23, 1803 She was the daughter of Earl and Betsey (Maranville) Pearce, both natives of New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Blakeslee continued to liva,in Ohio for the space of four years, and June 2, 1834, started for Illinois, filled with the enterprise that commands new effort in a new country. Com- ing by stage as far as Wellsville, Ohio, they com- pleted their journey by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, landing at Oquawka, 111., June 17 of the same year. The following day they employed a man to take them with an ox team as far as Mon- mouth. At That point Mrs. B., with two small chil- dren, remained, while her husband went on foot across the trackless prairie in search of a brother-in- law living in Fulton ("ounty. Night came upon him before he completed his journey, but, passing the night in a cabin at the invitation of the owner, he the next morning resumed his march and succeeded in reaciiing his destination. His next move was to return for his family, when he located in Fulton County. There they s|)ent the summer and in Sep- 'J<^=L Hr» H^ 948 "• . -Y. JirjV^OX COUNTY. tember of that year returned to Knox County, and moved into a building owned and occupied by James Milan, which stood on ground previously bought, on section 25, Maquon Township. The building was a double log structure and had been partly a smokehouse. Mr. Milan retained posses- sion of the main building, and Mr. Blakeslee used the smokehouse department for a dwelling until spring, and with much ingenuity succeeded in mak- ing it comfortable, among other things putting in a three-light window, carving the sash with his pocket- knife. During the year he piircliased land from Mr. Milan, and also a claim on section 30, of township 9, now known as Salem. Later he entered the land at the Land-Office, at Quincy, 111., and as early as 1837 erected a frame barn, which was the first frame building in the township. In the following year this barn was struck by lightning and burned, together with the entire crop of small grain, and a mow of " tip-top " hay, raised from seed brought with him when he came West — the first tame-grass seed in the county. In 1840 he built the struct- ure which is now standing. The lumber used was sawed at Littler's Creek, and the shingles made by hand. At this place Mr. Blakeslee resided until 1842, having made his home in Maqnon Township during the intervening year. He then erected a frame house on section 30 in Salem Township, which was his home up to the date of his death, Jan. 24, 1886. He left, to mourn his loss, a widow and five grown children, as follows : Eli A., Chauncey, Salmon, Sarah H. and Mary, who still resides at home. Not only was Mr. Blakeslee a pioneer in the full sense of the word, but he set on foot and forwarded many movements for the good of the community at large. He took a deep and abiding interest in edu- cational matters, and organized the first school in Maquon Township, the building being on the old Milan farm. He furnished the logs to build the first school-house at Uniontown, doing fully one-half the work with his own hands. His interest in this school never lessened and he Was for 50 years con- nected with it in the capacity of Director, an office held longer by him than any man known in this part of the country. His life had proved the truth tliat " the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust." Mrs. Blakeslee came to Ohio at an early day, in i8ti, when but a child. As already stated, she was the daughter of Earl Pearce and was born at Graf- ton, N. H., July 23, 1803. Her father came to Ohio with his wife and three children, all daughters, in company with his father-in-law, Charles Maranville, and settled at Conneaut. Charles Maranville, the grandfather of Lydia Pearce, was a descendant of John de Manville, or Maranville, the son of a French nobleman who came to America at an early day and settled in Massachusetts. He was a man well edu- cated and left a large family. Miss Pearce lost her mother while still young, and from this time forward made her own living. She was enabled to secure only a limited education, but became a methodical and experienced housekeeper. She was living in the family of Capt. Wood when he came to Michigan, and she accompanied them and continued to reside with them for two years.. Capt. Wood, having set- tled on the St. Clair River about 30 miles above Detroit, followed the occupation of a sailor, and in later years was interested in a prominent line of steamers. Mrs. Wood, thus left alone a good share of the time during the summer, with but few neigh- bors save French and Indians, at the end of two years returned on a visit to friends in the East, Miss Pearce accompanying her back to Conneaut, from which place she went to Ashtabula and made her home with a well-to-do farmer there. Miss Pearce had become a skillful housekeeper, and was very well versed in all the arts of cooking, spinning and weaving both wool and linen. This education had prepared' her for an early pioneer and adapted her for the duties of her future home in Illinois, enabling her to keep her family supplied with homespun clothing for their everyday wear, both of wool and linen, woolen blankets for her beds and linen for table-spreads and towels. She was in all a careful, economical, industrious wife, a good mother and a kind neighbor. Mrs. Blakeslee still occupies the liomestead with three of her children. Sarah H. resides in Maquon Township and is the relict of the late Thomas Fos- ter; Salmon is a practical and successful farmer, whose home is on section 32 in Salem Township. Those at home are Eli, Chauncey and Mary. Mr. Blakeslee was Democratic in politics, and lib- eral in religious matters. He was one of the Direct- ors who hired a Miss Minerva Hart to teach school, and paid her one dollar per week; this was in the ^^ — -A :' i f rW* KNOX COUNTY. 949 year 1837. The other two Directors were George Saunders and Ira Baker, of Fulton County. The pupils were eight in number, and Mr. B. boarded the teacher. >ank H. Case. Nature makes no mis- takes. She bestows uix)n man various gifts. She gives to one the penetrating, analytical mind that befits the thinker and sci- entist ; to another she spurs his ambition to deeds of martial prowess. She wraps the man- tle of prosy and dreamy philosophy about the form of another, and to a few she rises to her happiest mood and invests them with genial cordiality, win- some ways and large sympathies, and an open, frank countenance that bespeaks a welcome to all man- kind. You seem to see written across the face in such plain, unmistakable letters "that though you run you may read," " Nature's best effort," the true, genuine hotel-keeper. Such a man is the subject of the following sketch: Frank H. Case was born in Rome, Oneida County, N. Y., Oct. 12, 1854. The family were thorough Yankees. His paternal grandfather, William Case, was a native of Vermont, whence lie moved to Adams, in the northern part of New York, in 1806, and there died, in 1848. He took an active part in the War of 1812. His son, Henry C. Case, father of our sub- ject, was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., April 15, 1825. He was one of a family of four sons and six daughters, and soon after obtaining his majority he went to Watertown, N. Y., whence he removed to Rome, that State. There he engaged in the clothing business, from which he drifted into the boot and shoe trade. Removing from Rome to Utica, he opened the first boot and shoe manufactory in that city. His health tailing him, he went to Henderson Harbor, in Northern New York, and there erected a summer resort, which he kept for a short time and which was destroyed by fire. His next move was to purchase the Cooper House, in Adams, N. Y., which he operated for several years, subsequently return- ing to Utica. In 1881, Henry C. Case leased the Brown Hotel, in Galesburg, and continued as genial "mine host" for five years. In December, 1885, he went to Rockford, and, becoming proprietor of the Holland House, he again entered upon the duties of a landlord and is there resident at this time, ready, with a smile upon his countenance and a hearty shake of the hand, to welcome the traveling public. Frank H. Case is the eldest of two sons, the off- spring of Henry C. and Sarah (Phillips) Case. He was educated in the schools of Utica, N. Y., and aft- er his graduation he assisted his father in his manu- factory. He soon became a commercial traveler and continued in that business until Dec. i, 1885, when he assumed the management of the Brown Hotel, at Galesburg. He was united in marriage with Miss Josephine Buell, Sept. 12, 1883, and they have one daughter — Josephine Ida. Politically he is a stanch Democrat. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Case has wisely chosen the vocation he follows, for he is admirably adapted to the hotel business. He is affable, accommodating and pleasant to all. At the same time he possesses e.\ecutive ability to that degree that the various de- partments of his business move along quietly, with- out a hitch or the least friction. But few men know how to keep a hotel, and Mr. Case of this notice is one of them. imothy G. Hadley, an extensive farmer, re- siding in the city of Galesburg, was born at Brownfield, Me., Jan. 31, 181 1. His par- ents are Dr. Samuel and Margaret (Gibson) Hadley, descendants of old colonial families. He married at Brownfield, and there reared five sons and four daughters. Dr. Hadley came from Maine into Knox County, in the year 1852, and set- tled in Sparta Township, where he died in the fall of 1864, at the age of 80 years. His widow lived until 1878, her life having begun with the present century. Her father, Timothy Gibson, was one of the men who, disguised as Indians, threw the tea overboard at Bos- ton harbor, on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, or.in other words, one of the " Boston tea party." Timothy Hadley was reared on his father's farm and educated in the common schools of Maine. In 1835, he removed to Detroit, Mich., where he kept hotel a few years, coming thence into Illinois in 1840; he thus won the name of pioneer. He spent four years in Shelby County, 111., conducting a large mill- ing and distilling business. From that county he went to Chicago, where he remained eight years, en- •^ 4 ;=^ 95° Ji:NOX COUNTY. 4-^ gaged in running a livery stable and in speculations. He came to Galesburg in 1852, and since coming to Knox County has been a farmer, devoting considera- ble attention to the breeding of horses, of which he makes a specialty. His large farm lies contiguous to the city, and is one of the most valuable in the county. Mr. Hadley has won his way in the world, work- ing against many drawbacks. He began without a dollar, accumulated considerable property, all of which was destroyed by fire, in Shelby County, bringing him down to the very beginning, but he as- sumed an undaunted front, and perseverance with a fixed purpose has again raised him to independence, and he has reason to believe in the saymg, " The gods help those who help themselves." He has been twice married, first in Chicago, in 1844, to Miss Mary Ann Read, a native of Pennsyl- vania, who died in Sparta Township, in this county, leaving one child, a daughter — Frances M., who be- Icame the wife of Joseph Harrington. His second al- liance was celebrated at Galesburg in 1865, with Mrs. Emily A. Young, nee Gordon. She was the daughter J of John A. and Mary A. (Gordon) Gordon, both na- I lives of New York. Both moved to Canada and were I married; there Mrs. Hadley was born Jan. 9, 1838. J Mr. H. is the eldest of a family of four children, two daughters and two sons, all of whom are now living : Cinderella Gordon became the wife of Robert Chap- pell and lives in Galesburg. The only child of Mr. and Mrs. Hadley, Bertha W. Hadley, is a stu- dent at the Conservatory of Music at Oberlin, Ohio. Mr. Hadley votes the Republican ticket. rheldon W. Allen. It would be very dif- ficult to find in Galesburg, or its vicinity, a gentleman with whom the community is better acquainted or in whose estimation its interests stand higher than Mr. S. W. Allen, of this sketch. He was born Sept. 29, 1808, in Augusta, Oneida Co., N. Y., and came from his native place directly to Knox County, in 1837. The only mode of conveyance he employed was a one- horse wagon, in which he was accompanied by his wife and child. In starting \Vest his objective point was Log City, and here he settled for some time. He was among the first and most prominent men of the colony which first founded that city. After remaining three years in this location, Mr. Allen proceeded to Galesburg, which he decided to make his home. He was the first regular butcher in Knox County, and, we ought to have stated, was the first to engage in that business at Log City. In Galesburg he continued in this calling for several years, but since 1865 has lived mostly in retirement. Though now quite advanced in years, he still may be numbered among the most active men of Galesburg, although his health is far from good. He is the owner of several fine tracts of land outside that city and scattered through Knox County. In the city he owns some valuable property. Mr. Allen was married in Augusta Centre, Oneida Co., N. Y., Jan. 15, 1835, to Fidelia Leach, an esti- mable lady and a native of New York, who was born Nov. 28, 1 813. By her union with Mr. Allen, eight children were born — James S., Sheldon O., Albert H., Henry A., Norman T., Chester E., Mary F. and John S. James S. resides in Galesburg, and is oc- cupied in farming; Sheldon O. (see sketch); Albert H. resides in Galesburg and is Chief Engineer of the ^ Fire Department; Henry A. lives in Russell, Kan., and is farming ; Norman T. is a very prominent preacher of the Methodist Episcopal persuasion and is at present stationed at Wataga ; Chester E. is a member of the police force in Galesburg and has charge of the calaboose; Mary F. is the wife of John Wycoff and resides at Canton, 111. ; John S. re- sides in Keithsburg, 111., where he is engaged in suc- cessfully practicing medicine ; he also has a good drug business. Mrs. Allen, the first wife of our subject, died on the 22d of November, 1855. He was married the second time in Galesburg, in the month of January, 1858, to Nancy Shaver. She was the daughter of David and Nancy (Grove) Shaver, natives of Vir- ginia. They emigrated from that State to Ohio about 1808. In the year 1834, they again turned West- ward and settled in La Salle County, this State, where they died; the father in 1846, the mother in 1869. Mrs. Allen was the eleventh child of a fam- ily of 12 children, nine of whom reached the age of maturity. Tlie following are their names: Cyrus, Harvey G., David K.,Josiah; Rebecca, who became the wife of John Snelling; Jackson R.; Barbara, who married Joseph Miller; Nancy A., the wife of our ■^ LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS JJ^^M?^ KNOX COUNTY. 953 subject; and Catharine K., who married John K. Spencer. All are well-to-do fanners except J. R., who is in the tile business in Ottawa, 111. Mrs. A. came to Galesburgin 1856. By this second marriage seven children were born — Frank, Lida K., Fred R. and Ida D. Frank resides in Streator, 111., where he follows the profession of architect; Lida K. is the wife of George Stuckey and resides in Chicago ; Fred R. is engaged in cattle-dealing and mining speculations on the Pacific coast, and Miss Ida Allen is attending Kno.\ Seminary. Our subject is interested in the First Presbyterian Church, in Galesburg, of which he is a verj' promi- nent, active member. For many years he has been prominent in that body and is looked up to as one of its foremost sympathixers. He is a Republican in politics and by his intellectual foresight has often proved a directing help when the party's interests most needed it. On questions of public policy and political morality his judgment seldom, if at all, errs. [Through his efficient efforts, questions affecting the good of Galesburg have on more occasions than one i received special attention. khauncy Sill Colton, deceased. The |/ subject of this biography, who has gone to his rest after a long, active, honest life, ^"■'^ may be truthfully called one of the great men ^ of Knox County. Born in 1800, he had com- j pleted a large part of a century, and had trodden the path of duty incident to that life with so much innate manhood and goodness that the light of his memory is reflected or. the waiting hearts of those left behind, and the eyes that seek to peer into tlie future see him as he was, great, because he was j,uad, and waiting ears catch the refrain, " It is well with my soul." Our subject was born in Springfield, Pa., Sept. 21, 1800. He was the son of Justin and Abigail (Sill) Colton. Tl.ey removed to Massachusetts and fol- lowed firming as an occup.ition while Chauncy was still young. Justin, his father, was the son of Gad Colton, of English ancestry ; the latter was a farmer and a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this brief history was educated at Munson, Mass., and came to Illinois in June, 1836, locating on the site of Galesburg, where he erected the first store and dwelling-house. He continued dealing in general merchandise 17 or 18 years, and, associating his sons with him in the business, it was known for ten years as C. S. Colton & Sons. He was a prominent figure in the community and was intimately associated with the C, B. & Q. R. R., not only with its management, but with its beginning and growth, and he lived to see it cover 5,000 miles of territory. He was Director of the First National Bank and also an organizer of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, and was its first President. He was a Direct- or of the C, B. & Q. R. R. and a Trustee of Knox College, and labored faithfully in the founding and growth of the Congregational Church; in short, to all good enterprises he gave his ablest efforts and was strong in his power to achieve the right. Mr. Colton was united in marriage Jan. 5, 1826, with Miss Emily H., daughter of Samuel McLana- than, of Sangerville, Me. They were the parents of five children, one of whom died in childhood. They were named Harriet S. (Mrs. J. H. Noteware), Sarah M., Francis and John B. In 1862 the latter assisted in the formation of the 83d III. Reg. and was subse- quently Quartermaster, which he resigned on ac- count of illness. He was a le.iding man in Gales- burg at the time of its founding, and for many years after; and to do Mr. Colton justice would recpiirc far greater space than this biography admits. At Mr. Colton's death expressions of sympathy from numerous men whose names are an honor to any county, leading men in educational matters and affairs of the public, came to the bereaved family. Not only were they couched in terms of respect, but they were filled with that tenderness and affection which only came from an honest regard. There sur- vive him his daughters, Mrs. Harriet S. Noteware and Miss Sarah Colton, besides his sons, John B. and Hon. Francis Colton. Our subject was an unostenta- tious man, quiet in his tastes, and previous to 1848 was a Democrat ; since then a Free-Soiler and after- ward a Republican. He was of strong will and clear and logical intellect, and stood like a prop to all or- ganizations for good. In short our subject had proved the truth that, " 'Tis only noble to be good," and had held himself answerable to God and his 'J^ rin own conscience with "duty "his watchword, while with strong hands he upheld college and church, and those who knew him rejoice to feel that " he builded better than he knew." •«»©J-®/3'OT»^'Vv>^ M. Kimber, conductor of tlie C, B. & Q. _^M R. R., resident of Galesburg, was born in tfJP*' Portage County, Wis., Aug. 24, 1851. His father, Fredrick F. Kimber, is a native of En- gland, and his mother, whose maiden name was Clarke, was born in the State of Ohio- They reared two sons, the subject of this sketch be- ing the eldest. He spent 20 years upon a farm in Lake County, 111., whither his parents removed from the Badger State in 1853. The common schools of Illinois afforded our sub- ject opportunity for a fair education, and in 1875 he ' began work for the " Q." as train brakeman. At the end of 23 months the company placed him in charge of a train as conductor, and here he has since been found. He was married at Clayton, this State, May 15, 1876, to Miss Emma Thompson ; the one child born to them is named Harry Francis. Mr. Kimber ' is one of the most popular members of the Order of Railway Conductors, as he is also of the I. O. O. F. [/j\rrv. Farm, consisting of 600 acres in Cedar Township, giving special attention to the raising of stock. He was the first to introduce thoroughbred Hereford cattle into Knox County. He has at present a herd of 25 thoroughbreds and about 100 grades. Mr. Tryon in religion is a Presbyterian, in poli- tics a Republican, in temperance a Prohibitionist. •WW -^\^'V\y\^ illiam M. Combs. Standing on section 36 *p eovge A. Tryon was born in Ogdensburg, .^ jf St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., April 5, 1826. ij?^ At the age of nine years his parents, Eber lih and Maria (Barber) Tryon, removed to Nor- }\^ thern Ohio, and located on a farm, where he remained until 1852. He then came to this State, and after stopping temporarily at several dif- ferent points in the State, finally located permanently in Galesburg, and in 1854 engaged in the lumber trade. Mr. Tryon was married July 27, 1857, to Miss Julia L., daughter of Charles and Lorinda Whiting, of Lake County, Ohio. Two children, Louise and Fred. G., and two adopted children, Estelle M. and James W., constitute his family. In 1867 he started a branch lumber-yard at Abing- don, and in 1879 transferred his business in Gales- burg to this point. He is proprietor of Cher ry Grove -w^ il^i^aiL 111 Chestnut Township may be seen the f^ home of the subject of whom this personal '> sketch is written. He is an honest and re- liable citizen, whose landed possessions in- :lude IT2 acres and who does a general farm business. Our subject was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 19, 1824. His father was Robert W. Combs and his mother Martha (Parker) Combs, the former being born in Virginia in the year T796, and the lat- ter in Pennsylvania in 1797. She passed from earth May 4, 1863, in Fuhon County. Her husband still survives, and they were the parents of ten children, namely: Cynthia A., Mary A., James P., William W., Zur M., Cary A., Andrew J., John M. and Mar- tha J. Mr. Combs came to Illinois in 1835 and located in Fulton County, this State, where he remained for 18 years. He then moved to California, then to Ore- gon, and finally to Washington Territory; and after an absence of r6 years returned to Knox County and settled down for the remainder of his life. In 1874, March 18, he united in marriage with Miss Sarah C. Timmons, a native of Knox County, born April 8, 1849, and who is the daughter of Stephen and Lucinda Timmons, natives of Ohio. Mrs. Combs' father was born Feb. 14, 1814, and is still living, and her mother, born Jan. 8, 1817, died in December, 1862, in Fulton County. She was the mother of ten children, to wit: Andrew J., Peter S., Annie, Thomas, Mary E. and Martha J., twins, Sarah C, Margaret E., Joseph N. and George W. In politics Mr. Combs is a Republican. Mr. Combs tells with considerable interest and merriment the story of his Western trip. It seems he started overland for the Pacific Slope in 1852, driving an ox team. The journey consumed five v ■j^^X^ KNOX COUNTY. 9SS months and nine days, but they had no trouble with the red men of the forest. He worked in the mines three years and was engaged in packing over the mountains, and eventually he acquired a fair compe- tency, and, what was still better, good health. Mr. Combs is of Irish and German extraction and his wife is of Scotch and German ancestry. —^i~r •o*<>-@v*'v1^-o*o' s-~ i M. Campbell. Among those solid and _i_ substantial men who figured in the found- j ^(^^°' ing of Wataga village and purchased land AV| upon which they marked the boundaries and W located their homes was R. M. Campbell, of I Sparta Township, who came to Illinois in 1856 and purchased a house and lot at that village. Although not one of the earliest settlers, he was one of those men who figured actively in making im- , provements and watching the growth of the place, ! purchasing 60 acres of land in the corporation, for I which he paid $60 per acre, e.xchanging his house >. and lot in partial payment. On this land bought by I him there was a coal-mine, which had previously been i worked, but without success. R- M. Campbell, believing in the old adage I " Nothing ventured, nothing had," against the advice of many doubters re-opened the coal-mine, and to his delight and the surprise of the people in that vicinity, it proved the best yielding and most fruitful mine in that section of the country. It was a real bonanza to its purchaser, and to his introductory purchase he has since added 62}^ acres on section 15 and 40 acres on section 22. He has 25 town lots, three stores, two tenant-houses, besides owning three stores in Galesburg on Prairie street, one ten- ant-house in the east part of town, besides a half interest in a house and lot near the Commercial j Hotel. I Mr. Campbell was born in Ireland in 1836, and bis parents were James and Elizabeth Gillmore Camp- bell. They were descendants of the Scotch and boasted a long line of lineage of which they were justly proud. At the age of 16, our subject, with all the aspirations and dreams of youth, emigrated to America to seek his fortune. On reaching Balti- more, Md., he tarried for a brief space of time in that city, and in 1857 came to the State of Illinois and settled in Wataga, as previously staled. For two years he labored by the day, but, "There is a tide in the affiiirs of men, that, taken at its flood, leads on to fortune," and our subject, being possessed of keen foresight and much financial ability, made the pur- chase previously mentioned and a life competency, all at one stroke. He was married in June, 1863, to Miss Catherine Dolan, who proved an active helpmate and a con- genial life companion, and to them were given two children, both of them now living, by name George and Lizzie. Mr. Campbell, as before shown, is distinguished as one of the largest owners of real estate and as one of the most able business men in this part of the country. He takes considerable interest in politics, and supports the doctrines of the Republican party. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias in Galesburg. Q.harles A. Hinckley is a farmer on section »^t I, Galesburg Township, and was born Jan. 23, 1825, in Delaware County, N. Y., ^^ and came to Illinois in 1845. His father, A Alfred, was a native of New York and born « Dec. 6, 1799, in Albany County. In 1846, July of that year, he came to Illinois and located in Knox County. He married, in Delaware County, N. Y., Miss Eliza Stanley, on the 23d day of March, 1824. She was a native of Cork, Ireland, where she was born in 1797, but came to the United States when she was only two years old. The name of her paternal parent was John Stanley. In principle he was a Liberator in the old country, and on account of his views found it almost impossible to remain at home. He therefore resolved on coming to America, where he knew every liberal principle received the assent of its people. He was married to Miss Rol- lins. His passage across the Atlantic (in those days a tedious one) was accompanied by many hardships. For several days they were in constant fear of the vessel being lost. Mrs. Stanley, the grandmother of our subject, was so affrighted that she locked two of her daughters in a wooden chest, while yet alive, so that if the vessel happened to go down their bodies would, in some measure, be protected from the sharks. Their lives 95 6 KNOX COUNTY. were, however, all saved. Mrs. Hinckley, the mother of our subject, died March 3. 1874, in Galesburg. Had she lived to the 23d day of March, i. r •o*o-@^litics he is a thorough Republican and con- stantly watchful of all movements connected with and dear to Republican principles. Mr. and Mrs. Wagoner have two interesting grandchildren, the son and daughter of Willard and Hattie (Wagoner) f Ellis — Charles A., born Jan. 25, [884, and Maude ' I., born March i, 1886. This family is widely I known and universally respected in their township , and surrounding vicinity. '(X %p®^fenjamin F. Arnold, lawyer, real estate --. L£Jr dealer and farmer, Galesburg, is a son of ©'.{^ Horace and Harriet (Hine) Arnold, na- tives of York State and of English descent, who reared eight sons and seven daughters. He was born in Delaware County, N. Y., July 26, 1833. His father was an old soldier in the War of 1812, and died in 1845, and his mother has made her home with him since 1865. She is now (January, 1886) nearly 86 years of age. Our subject received his education at the district schools and at the Fergusonville Academy, N. Y., and taught several terms of school. He came to Gales- burg in 1855, subsequently studied law; was ad- mitted to the bar in 1862, and has practiced more or less since. He is a Director in the Galesburg Na- tional B.ink, and is an extensive farmer and largely interested in the Galesburg Water-Works Company. Mr. Arnold was married at Galesburg, May, [864, to Miss Ella G. Ferris, the accomplished daughter of Henry Ferris, one of the pioneers of Knox County (see biography of Henry Fenis), and has had borne to him nine children. Mr. Arnold is ar. extensive breeder of fine stock, and a heavy real estate owner in Galesburg, and owns the Knox County Nursery. He has laid out fully half a dozen new streets in the city, and has served 14 years as Councilman and two years as Mayor. tliF ;s-!if tiomas H. Pool. Standing among the more prominent men and industrious workers of this vicinity we find the subject of this personal narration, who may be cited as one of the most substantial and worthy farmers of I I Knox County. He resides on section 4, on which location he has established a pleasant, attract- ive home, and is himself one who inspires the confi- dence of those about him to such an extent that he has been the incumbent of many of the local offices. He has held the position of Constable for 16 years, \ ably filling that office and discharging the duties incident to it, to the satisfaction of all in any way interested. Mr. Pool was first brought to Knox County, in the spring of 1839, from Clark County, Ind., and lived in several parts of that section of country until the spring of 1844, when he removed to Rio Township, in 1852. Here he has since resided and is now the owner of 40 acres of good land, which he has culti- vated and improved, working it up to a high degree of culture. Our subject was born in Clark County, Ind., Aug. 29, 1830, and attended the public schools, receiving a good practical education. He never failed to im- prove his opportunities, and, unlike many boys, who idle away the precious hours of youth, he attended diligently to his studies, and in manhood he reaped the fruit of the seed so well sown. When he was four years of age, he came with his parents, who emigrated to Illinois, and there grew up. His mar- riage, which occurred in his early manhood, was cele- brated in Henderson Township, Dec. 4, 1850, and Nancy McMurtry was the other contracting party. She is the daughter of William McMurtry, Lieuten- ent-Governor of Illinois (see sketch), and was born May 8, 1830, in Knox County. Mr. and Mrs. Pool are tlie parents of eight chil- dren, viz : Lucinda M., Ruth A., Mary I., William 4^1-^ v ^"6 — ^ 962 KNOX COUNTY. ^?=^H* A., Cora Z., James F. and Jemima E. Luella died after reaching the interesting age of three years. She was the pride of her parents' heart and the pet of the neighborhood, and her loss was deeply felt by the entire community. I,acinda is engaged in teaching in Henderson Township, and is an amiable and intelligent young lady. The other children are still under the parental roof. Mr. Pool is an earnest worker in all good and noble enterprises, and is a member of the Masonic Lodge, and although not united by membership to any church, is a man of charitable impulses and warm sympathies. He belongs to the Democratic party, with which he votes, and is alert and wide- awake to the situation of affairs in the nation. orenzo D. Ferris. Here is one of the most successful farmers on section 31, Wal- nut Grove Township. Residence one and one-half miles east of Oneida. He possesses 160 acres, which he located and purchased in 1866. He subsequently, however, lived in Chestnut Township, where he had settled as early as '' 1838, having come from Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where he spent his youth. His native county was Lorain, where he was born Feb. 17, 1824. His father, Henry R. Ferris, was a Wesleyan Methodist minister, a native of Gree.ie County, N. Y. His mother was born in Vermont, her maiden name be- ing Lodema Culver, his parents marrying in Portage County, Ohio, where they followed the occupa- tion of farming for some years. They afterward re- moved to Lorain County, in the same State, where the subject of this sketch was born. Six children were born to them. Their removal to this county took place in the spring of 1838, and, as was custom- ary in those days, 'hey " pitched their tent " on the banks of Spoon River, in the township of Chestnut, and in this location resided some time. Then the surrounding country was one unbroken prairie and vast forest spreading out on every side. It was not long, however, before a comfortable residence was erected, and the family began to make a permanent home. The father and two of the daughters had died within six years from the date of settlement, while the mother and surviving children still live ori the first plantation. This lady, however, finally re- moved to Smith County, Kan., and died at the home of her only surviving daughter, Mrs. Lovinia F. Markham, on Jan. 6, 1882, at the advanced age of 83. She was a strong woman, retaining her faculties until the last, excepting her eyesight. She had been blind for six years before her death. For 70 years of her life she was a devoted Christian. Soon after the death of his father, the gentleman whose name begins this history set out on his own account, taking after his mother in constitution, and, possessing a will for any fate, he faced the world alone. It ought to be here mentioned that his father took an active part in the War of 18 r2, while his father, or our subject's grandfather, had taken his share in the Revolutionary War. In his young manhood Mr. L. D. rented a farm from his uncle. In his 24th year he was married in Chestnut Township, March 2, 1848, to Miss Cynthia R. Carpenter, a native of Tompkins County, York State. This lady was the daughter of Stephen and Jerusha (Rose) Carpenter, both of Long Island and New York State. They were married in Tompkins County, and fol- lowed the occupation of farming. By the union there were ten children, Mrs. Ferris being the youngest. In the year 1839 she came westward with her par- ents and settled m Chestnut Township, remaining there until their deaths. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ferris, they lived for several years in Chestnut Township. Six children were the result of this very happy union, three of whom are married. Henry S. became the husband of Rebecca V. Stuckey and they reside near Murray, Iowa, where they have a very delightful farm. Lizzie M. resides at home and is a very suc- cessful teacher. Katie L. is also with her parents. Eva L. and Emma L. (twins) are both happily mar- ried, the former to J. E. Day, now a resident at Roodhoiise, Greene Co., 111. The latter is the wife of Will E. Webb, and lives at Clarinda, Iowa. Jennie M. resides at home. Mrs. Ferris and part of her family are members of the Congregational Church of Oneida, where they are held in high esteem. Politically, Mr. Ferris is a solid and very reliable Republican. Since the preceding part of this history was writ- ten, the death-angel has entered this home and taken u ^1^^ KNOX COUNTY. 9*3 from the family circle the loved wife and mother. This occurred on the morning of the 2d of April, i886. Her age was 57 years and i month. She had been an invalid for over 20 years. lavid Harshman. Among the men who lead in farming interests, and are promi- If^^ "ent for enterprise and success, may be found the gentleman wliose name heads this historical sketch, and some of the principal points in whose career are herein noted. He is engaged in agricultural pursuits in Knox County, to which he came in 1856, engaging in the work that he has since followed uninterruptedly. On entering Knox County, Mr. Harshman settled first in Hen- derson Township, where he passed an interval of :8 months before moving into Rio Township, where he spent the remainder of his life up the present time. He is now the owner of 68 acres of land, most of which is capable of a high state of cultivation. Our subject was born in Fayette County, Pa., Nov. 9, 1825. There he lived until he took his departure into Kno.v County, with which he was favorably impressed, and where he made a settlement for good. Having previously learned the cooper's trade, he worked at it in connection with his farm work. He has, also, for the past 30 years, run a thrashing ma- chine for the convenience of the people at large, from which he has realized considerable profit. He was united in the bonds of matrimony in Rio Township, on tlie 29111 of December, 1881, when he took as his wife Mary A. Medhurst, the widow of Godfrey Fortwangler. These two, after a happy married life of some years' standing, have had added to their family circle two children, viz.: Elizabeth and Annie B. Mrs. Harshman lost her first hus- band in Jacksonville, 111., who left her in charge of their family of eight children, by name as follows : Susan, Mary E., Susan C, Charles G., Dollie J., Hulda M., Jessie and Ralph. Of these ilie two eld- est have been taken by death — Susan and Mary E. Susan C. was married to Mr. Jacob Fishell, Oct. 15, 1879, and since has become the mother of three chil- dren — Maggie, Norman and May. Dollie Jane was married to Mr. Henry Julian, and has two children — one boy and one girl, Perley A. and Willy H. Susan C. lives in Page County, Iowa, and Dollie J. lives in Cameron, Warren Co., III. Mr. Harshman has been Commissioner of High- ways and Road Commissioner, and he has also taken quite an interest in educational affairs, having Deen School Director for some length of time. He is one of the Masonic fraternity, and is governed in politics by the Democratic sentiment and belief He and his wife were formerly members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Harshman's present marriage is his second matrimonial alliance, the first having been contracted in Fayette County, Pa., on the 27th of August, 1846, with Sallie White, widow of M. Eiker, who died in that county. The fruit of this union was one child, ■ Mary, who is the wife of Thomas Crovens, and who resides in Henry County, 111. She is the mother of six children, as follows : David H., Sarah, Alice, Margaret, Minnie and Annie M. The motlier of Mrs. Crovens departed this life Dec. 24, r88o. iouston P. Tait. farmer, was born in Knox County, June 29, 1841, and is the son of William and Mary A. (McDowell) Tait. They are natives of Scotland, and came to America in 1839, settling on section 16, of Cop- ley Township, where he purchased a farm. There they lived until his death, which took place in 1842, and to them were born four children, all sons — John, William F., Peter G. and Houston P. All served as soldiers in the Civil War. John and Peter G. were killed in the army. John was mortally wounded at the battle of New Hope Church, May 27, 1864, and died from his injuries the 19th of June of the same year. Peter G. was killed the second day of the battle of Nashville, on the i6th day of Decem- ber, 1864. They were brought home and buried side by side in the cemetery on section 14, of Copley Township, and every year their graves are strewn with the flowers of loving remembrance. " Rest in peace, O gallant dead." Mr. Tait, of this writing, grew up on a farm, work- ing and attending the district school and also a select school at Victoria, until he was 21 years of age. He then, Aug 6, 1862, enlisted and served until July 16, 1865. He fought at the battle of Stone River, was -M^ 4.^ 964 XNOX COUNTY. is the general field hospital at Murfreesboro for four months. He was then exchanged to Louisville and was retained in the Veteran Reserve Corps, re- ceiving an honorable discharge at the close of the war. After it closed he returned to Illinois, and in 1867 purchased a farm on section 10, of Copley Township. It included 80 acres, and here he lived until 1882, when he sold out and purchased his pres- ent home, consisting of 100 acres. He was married in 1867 to Miss Mary E. Leval- ley, a native of Knox County, who was born Dec. 20, 1846. Her parents were Christopher H. and Harriet (Gaines) Levalley, natives of New York. Annie J. is the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Tait. He is a Republican in politics and holds many offices in the neighborhood. With his wife, he belongs to the Presbyterian Church. frthur W. Jones, senior member of the firm of Metcalf Bros. & Jones, dealers in lum- ber, hardware, agricultural implements, etc., was born in Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y., April 22, 1847. His parents settled in Oneida when he was 1 1 years of age (see sketch of T. E. Jones), and, giving him the benefit of educational ad- vantages, placed in the High School of that place, where he pursued his studies, living at home till the year 1875. About this time occurred his marriage, Sept. 16, 1875, at Oneida, with Miss Nettie Muzzy, who was born in Pleasant Mount, Pa., Sept. 26, 1867. (See sketch of A. D. Metcalf for history of Mrs. Jones.) At the age of ten years she came to Oneida under the guardianship of her mother, who settled at that place, and with whom she continued through the years of her girlhood up to the date of her marriage. Three children have been born into the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jones — Edward C, Aug. ro, 1876; Albert M., Nov. 14, 1879; and Mabel E., Nov. 28, 188 t. While at home Mr. Jones was engaged under the direction of his father for some length of time, in the stock business, and about the year 1870, in company with his older brother, C. L. Jones, he established an extensive trade in grain, to which three years later he added the lumber trade. This company ex- isted until 1875, when C. L. Jones withdrew and Albert D. Metcalf became a member of the firm. One year later Mr. Jones sold out his interest in the business and joined his two brothers in the hardware business previously spoken of at Oneida. The firm continued under the name of Jones Bros, till 1879, when the two brothers withdrew and their places were filled by Metcalf Bros., the present partners. (See sketch.) Mr. and Mrs. Jones by religious belief are mem- bers of the Congregational Church. Mr. Jones takes an interest in both local and public affairs, and in politics is a supporter of the Republican party. eorge Runkle. Mr. Runkle is a farmer on section 8, Galesburg Township, and was bnrn on the 2d of February, 1844, in Knox County, 111. He is the son of Eldert Runkle, a prominent pioneer of this county. He was a native of New York State, where the latter was born in August, 1803. his decease taking place June 15, 1862, in Knox County. Mr. Runkle's father came to Illinois in 1834, and first located in Knoxville. He was a millwright by h calling, but conmienced and followed farming after his arrival in Illinois. In 1833 he married Miss Nancy Bowen, who was born in 1808 and still sur- vives her husband. To the marriage six children were born, viz. : Elizabeth, James, Mary H., Lucy G., George and Frank. Of these, the subject of this biography married Miss Mattie E. Ferris on the 15th of February, 1871. The ceremony was performed by Rev. L. Pratt. This lady was born on the 3d of May, 1848, in Knox County, 111. Her parents were Nathan and Currance A. (Winegar) Ferris. Her father was born in 1790, in Herkimer County, N. Y. Her parents' marriage took place in 1827, the ceremony being performed by Rev. Mr. Culver. The mother was born in 1805 and was a native of Wash- ington County, N. Y. In 1850 the father died at Weaverville, Cal. His death was occasioned by a kick from ahorse. They first came to Illinois in r837 and had eight children — Sylvanus S , Chauncy G., Nathan O., Samuel, Horace F., Sallie A., James H. and Mattie E. George Runkle by his marriage with Miss Ferris has three children — William J., born April 28, 1874; Currance A., born April 7, 1879; Emily L., born Oct. 23, 1881. Mr. Runkle's farm consists of 100 -:jt KNOX COUNTY. 96s H^ acres of well-improved land, on which is a desirable dwelling-house 24x20 feet. He is interested in breed- ing Holstein and Siiort-horn cattle, and has a few sheep on his farm. During the Civil War he enlisted in the 100-day service, joining Co. D, 139th 111. Vol. Inf., which was mustered into the service in May and served until October of the same year. He was stationed at Cairo. Our subject is a good Republican and warmly espoused the cause of the Government in the Civil War. He is a highly respected member of his community, an industrious worker, and is a promi- nent member of the A. O. U. W. at Galesburg, till- ing the position of Guide in his Lodge. jenedict Wainright. One of the influen- tial and successful farmers of Chestnut Township, residing on section 3, is the subject of whom the facts recorded in this personal history are written. Mr. W. was born in this township, Nov. 25, 1856, and was the son of Daniel and Eliza Jane (Cramer) Wainright, both natives of the State of Ohio. The father opened his eyes upon life May 4, 1829, and the mother was born Sept. 9, 1832. The n.atri- monial connection of Mr. and Mrs. Wainright, senior, resulted in the addition of si.x children to the family circle, as follows : Vincent, who married Fr.inces Howk, in the eastern part of this State; McGuire, who took to wife Miss Susan Coe; Joseph, who united in marriage with Derinda F. Mowry, and Benedict, our subject ; Sarah Eliza is an inmate of the pa- rental household, and Clara L. died at the age of 18 months. Benedict Wainright was reared on his father's farm, where he grew to the age of 22 years, at which time he commenced attendance at Knox College, where he continued for two terms. Soon after leaving school he espoused Miss Mimmie Hall, Nov. 29 1883, who was the daughter of John and Salome (Freemold) Hall, the former a native of Germany, in which country he was born March 16, 1825, and the latter Aug, 18, 1834. The brothers and sisters of Mrs. Mimmie Wainright number three, and are as follows: Harmon, who died May 13, 1882, leaving a wife, Alma (Hartsook) Hall; Carl, who died aged " X four months, and Emma, wife of David Bearmore. Mrs. Wainright is the second child in order of birth and was born June 21, i860. Mr. Wainright is successful in his occupation as a farmer and has large herds of common-blooded cat- tle. He is an industrious, energetic member of so- ciety, an agreeable neighbor, and Democratic in po- litical belief Into their pleasant litile home one daughter has been born — Bessie V., the date of birth being Dec. 3, 1884. I^M^'H' sa A. Matteson, Vice-President of the First &§^3i( National Bank of Galesburg, 111., Secretary ll^ and Treasurer of the College City Street S^ Railway Co., and President of the Galesburg li^ Public Library, is a native of Warren County, j 111., having been born near Berwick, Oct. 24, 1837. His father was Elon and his mother Ann, (Ogden) Matteson. The parents of Mr. Matteson were married in Oneida County, N. Y., and in 1836 emigrated to Illinois. The senior Mr. Matteson was a farmer by occupation and died at his home in War- ren County, in 1845, aged 44 years; his widow lived to attain the age of 73, and died in Galesburg in 1 883. The Mattesons came originally from Holland and the Ogdens from England, both families being among the pioneers of New England. Elon and Ann (Og- den) Matteson were natives, respectively, of Ver- mont and York State, and reared five sons and one daughter, the latter and three of the sons surviving at this writing. Mr. Asa A. Matteson was educated at the Gales- burg schools, studied law with T. G. Frost, and was admitted to the bar in i860. He remained in the office of his preceptor until in 1865, when he formed a partnership with Judge Tunnicliff, at Macomb, and there practiced law ten successive years. Aban- doning the legal profession, in 1875, he returned to Galesburg and became actively identified with the interests and management of the First National Bank. The stockholders of that institution elected him one of the Directors, and in 1877 he became Vice-President. During the time since he has con- tinuously held the position of Vice-President, and also, a portion of the time, of Bookkeeper and of Cashier. This banking house relied upon him as a -H- ■r4^ -4 966 ■ Y. KNOX COUNTY. kind of " general utility man." In the absence of any employe or officer, from Assistant Bookkeeper up to President, Mr. Matteson, as a sort of reserve force, has been called into requisition. In 1883, however, he decided to take a less active part in the bank, and, as an evidence of good faith, turned his attention to farming. As he continued his residence in the city, the presumption is fair that his agricultu- ral enterprise constitutes but an incident. Mr. Matteson was one of the projectors and organizers of the College City Street Railway, and has since held the position of Secretary and Treasurer of the company. December 6, 1865, at Galesburg, Mr. Matteson was married to Miss Helen M. Gardner, whose family came from Herkimer County, N. Y , in 1837. Their children are named respectively Frank, Fred, Gracie and Ralph. Yet young in years, he has already achieved enviable suc- cess, his enterprising spirit proving not only a bene- fit to himself, but also to the community. 'aylor Linn. Among the higlily respected and estimable citizens of Knox County, ^ and one of its leading farmers, may be 'ffi^ reckoned the subject of this brief biography. He has been successful in the prosecution of agricultural pursuits, and is known throughout the entire section of country as a substantial man and a worthy member of the community. Mr. Linn, of this writing, came to Knox County in 1875, from Mercer Count). 111., and settled in Rio Township, where he has since lived. He is the owner of 200 acres, only a part of which is tillable, but of which he makes the best possible use. He was born in Morrow County, Ohio, April i, 1849, and when nearly seven years of age his father removed to Msrcer County, where the little boy lived an in- mate of his father's home until he attained the years of discretion. He received a common-school edu- cation, and wisely, instead of following in the wake of so many misguided American youth, he heeded the injunction, " Don't leave the farm, boys," and has always pursued that vocation. He was united in marriage in Knoxville, with Miss Elizabeth Henderson, who was a native of Knox County, and the fruit of their union has been the birth of one child — Almon, who was left motherless Jan. I, 1882, by the death of Mrs. Linn, in Ric' Township, where she was buried. , Mr. Linn formed a second matrimonial alliance in Rio Township, Feb. 13, 1884, with Miss Lizzie H., daugliterof Samuel Junk, of that township. She was born in Knox County, May 18, 1859, and is a devoted wife and mother, esteemed and respectedby all. Mr. Linn takes an active interest in outside affairs, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. In poli- tics he is a Republican, supporting and voting for that party. |»I ohn Mangion, one of the most esteemed citizens of Sparta Townsliip, residing on section 34, was born June 20, 1808, in County Limerick, Ireland. He was the son of David and Bridget (Morsey) Mangion, and came to America in 1850. He landed in New York City and remained in the Empire State, working on a farm, for five years, then came to Galesburg, 111., proceeding thence to Mercer County, where he en- gaged in farm work for two years and then rented a farm, near Shanghai, which he managed for three years. At the expiration of that time he came to this township and purchased the 40 acres where he now resides, and to which he subsequently added 130 acres. Our subject was united in marriage in February, about the year 1845 or 1846, with Miss Mary Cala- han, and became the father of nine children, viz. : Bridget, Mary, John, David, Kate, Tliomas, Michael, a second Mary, and Jolianna ; of these two only are living — Thomas and Michael. Mr. Mangion is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and politically a Democrat. He is an up- right, honest man and a good citizen, and possesses in a marked degree the confidence and esteem of all who know him. joooe g>44fe -S^^^l Ibert D. and Samuel J. Metealf, members 4S^^E of the firm of Metealf Bros. & Jones, dealers ,r|IS^ in hardware, cutlery, guns, lime, farm imple- ^yfca ments and stone, are the subjects of this no- li^ tice. In connection with the above business, I they hold an interest in the lumber yards of Oneida, and their previous history is stated as fol- t =ir: ■4- KNOX COUNTY. 967 lows: They came to Oneida in 1861, under the care of their parenls, Samuel and Hannah Elizabeth (Bruce) Metcalf, who were natives of New York and Vermont respectively. They were of American pa- rentage, the father of English and the mother of Scotch ancestry. The parents of these people came West and settled in Knox County early in life. They were united in marriage at Galesburg, and imme- diately after settled in Knoxville on a farm. This they worked, cultivating and improving it till the year 1856, when they came to Ontario Township and here purchased a farm of 160 acres, one and one-half miles from Oneida. In this section of the country the father continued to reside till his death, which took place in November, 1856, and which left bereaved a wife and two children — Albert D. and Samuel J. Later in het widowhood the mother united in marriage with A. N. Bancroft, who died at Galesburg in 1880, where the mother still lives, hav- ing readied the age of 56 years. The birthplace of Albert D. was in the vicinity of Knoxville, and the date of his birth Nov. 20, 1852, while Samuel is five years younger, being born in Knoxville, Jan. i, 1857- The two brothers, having many tastes in common, grew to boyhood and manhood in the home of their mother, attending, in their earlier years, the graded schools of Oneida, and later, during their more ad- vanced years, Knox College, Galesburg. From this institution Albert graduated in 1875. The same year he entered into partnership with Arthur W. Jones, and is at present a member of the firm as it now exists. Together they established a grain and lumber market at Oneida, and the company was known as Metcalf & Jones. Ten months later they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Jones, taking the grain department, yielded into the hands of Mr. Metcalf the lumber interest. In the year 1876, and during the month of May, his brother joined him in this business, and together they conducted the lum- ber trade under the style of Metcalf Bros. This firm continued till 1879, and during this interval Mr. Jones went out of the grain trade and established a hardware store. In 1879 Metcalf Bros, consoli- dated their lumber trade with Mr. Jones' business, and the firm name was changed to Metcalf Bros. & Jones, by which -coalition an extensive business is carried on. At this time they estimate their annual trade at $50,000, and, though young merchants in years, they are rapidly winning golden opinions from the people of the community by their enterprise and attention to business. Albert D. Metcalf was married May 4, 1876, at the residence of the bride's sister, to Miss E. J. Muzzy, who was born at Mount Pleasant, Pa., June 20, 1855, and who came to Illinois with her mother, who was a widow, having lost her husband in the late war while she was yet a young woman. The little family settled in Oneida, where the mother now resides with her daughter, Mrs. Albert Metcalf. Samuel J. Metcalf was married in the city of Gales- burg Oct. 20, 1879, to Miss Carrie A. Brooks, who was born in Jacksonville, 111., in 1859, and whose father is an agricultural-implement dealer, doing a good business in Galesburg. She attended school in that city, beginning about the year 1875, where she remained until her marriage. Of this union one son is the issue — Irving B., born May 30, 1884. Both brothers and their wives are active and useful members of the Congregational Church, at Oneida, the doctrines of which faith they vigorously support and exemplify in their daily lives. In politics both uphold the Republican party ; the junior is Alder- ' man of this city, and is the youngest member of that body. oseph Torley. One of the popular and successful merchants and substantial citi- zens of Wataga is personified in the sub- ject of this personal history. From his intro- ]C ductory launch onto the wide sea of commerce, he has received the hearty patronage of the people of that vicinity, who are quick to recognize uprightness and native force of character. He came to Illinois from Iowa in the year i860, and since that time has been occupied in mercaniile transactions. Mr. Torley was born in Germany, May 17, 1843, and was the son of Frederick and Caroline (Strach- wash) Torley, who came to the United States in Feb- ruary, 1848, and settled in Burlington, Iowa. They were farmers, and at the time of their coming pur- chased 90 acres of land, which they sold in 1863 and came to Warren County, 111., where they lived until 1868, when they sold out again and moved to Oquawka, and there lived from 1871 to 1884. Leav- ing that town, they removed to West Point, Iowa, where they now live a retired life, 4 968 1 —^)r*- > KNOX COUNTY. -£-v lives. He has been a successful farmer, and helped all his children to a start in life. In the early days he broke a large area of the prairie sod, and added his full quota to the cultiva- tion of the virgin soil. Mrs. Day is a member of the Universalist Church. In politics, Mr. D. was formerly a Republican, but now casts his vote witii the Prohibitionists. -»- -e^ ,ewitt Smith, a successful farmer and re- spected citizen of this county, residing on section 13, Maquon Township, was born in rPennyslvania. Nov. 19, 1834, and was quite young when his parents moved to this county. He has lived in Knox County since that time, with the e.xception of five months in Fulton County. In 1859 he went to California, where he spent three years, or rather two years there, one year en route to and from. He met with fair success. He was married in Salem Township, this county, to Phoebe Day; they have one child living — Victor. His parents were V. R. and Angeline (Catlin) Smith, and hers Aaron and Permilla (Randall) Day, natives of Ohio and Massachusetts respectively. They settled in Clermont County, Ohio, where he still resides. She is dead. Mr. Smith has been Road Commissioner six years. In politics he is a Republican. He is the owner of 80 acres in Maquon Township, the most of which is tillable. , J amuel G. Holyoke was born in Cincinnati, ^ — Ohio, Sept. 27, 1824, and was fourth son of William and Lucy (Greenleaf) Holyoke, of f,^ early Massachusetts families. The senior I Mr. Holyoke brought his effects to Knox County in 1837, and here carried on farming and wagon-making. He learned wagon-making while young, and carried it on in Cincinnati several years. He made the first wagon ever constructed in Knox County. The old man died in 1867, aged 68 years, and his widow followed him in 1876. Samuel G. was educated at Knox College ; learned <-*- 972 KNOX COUNTY. 4^ to be a mechanic while a boy and worked at farming ; started a wagon-shop in 1842 in Galesburg ; carried it on till 1855, and made the first covered carriage ever constructed in this county. In 1871-72 he en- gaged with G. W. Brown as wheel-man, and, as such invented the machinery for making the kind of wheels now used in tlie famous Brown Corn-Planter. Since 1878 he has been at the head of the pattern depart- ment of G. W. Brown & Co., and is recognized as a workman of extraordinary skill. He was married in Knoxville Township June 2, 1847, to Miss Amanda L. Hoag, of Otsego, N. Y., and has two sons — James E., collecting agent for the C, B. & Q. R. R., Hastings, Neb., and Rev. Edward O. Holyoke, in charge of the Baptist Church at Pittsfield, Mass., a position of high rank in that great de- nomination, and one to which he was called immedi- ately upon leaving the seminary. The subject of our sketch is a brother of Hon. J. M. Holyoke, who represented Knox County three terras in the Illinois Legislature, and is now (1885) Enrolling Secretary of the Colorado Senate. f- j^enry W. Smith is a farmer on section tz. Haw Creek Township, Knox County, 111. He was born in Wyandot County, Ohio, A Aug. 9, 1828, and is the son of Abraham and '^ Hester Ann (Winslow) Smith is the eldest of a family of six children, the others being named as follows: Daniel, Margaret, Samuel, Ozias and Amy, four of whom are living; Daniel and Amy are dead. The father of the subject of this notice was a farmer by occupation, and a native of New Jersey. With his wife he removed from Ohio to Knox Coun- ty, in 1850, and resided here up to the time of his decease, March 14, 1853; the mother died in Mis- souri, March 16, 1880. Henry W. Smith was married to Amanda McHen- ry, Aug. 23, 1849. She is the daughter of John and Harriet (Richardson) McHenry, who were the parents of 13 children, Mrs. Smith being the fourth; they were named James, Mary, Eliza, Amanda, Elizabeth, Daniel, Harriet, Carrie A., John, Nancy, and three died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents of seven children — Daniel, born Sept. 13, 1850, died July, 18, 1851; Abraham, born Feb. 16, 1852, died Feb. 23, 1852 ; Harriet, born March 27, 1853; John W., born Jan. i, 1855; Belle, born Jan. 15, 1859; Leefie J., born Aug. 18, 1862 ; Flora, Sept. 29, 1868. Mr. Smith enlisted in the 57th 111 Vol. Inf., Co. F, Capt. F. A. Battey, and served until July, 1865, and was mustered out at Louisville Ky., and was dis- charged and para off at Chicago, 111. He was with his regiment all the time that he served, in its marches, campaigns and battles, and, after his discharge, came home and jvent to farning. He is a Republican and has held the office of School Direct- or. He has 40 acres of land, all under fence, and has good farm improvements and everything in prime condition. The parents of Mrs. Smith are natives of Pennsylvania. The father served in the late war and is still living; the mother is deceased. P. Burnett is a farmer and stock-raiser on section 30, Haw Creek Township. He was born in Putnam County, Ind., April ' II, 1834, and is the son of Joshua and Eliza- b^h (Housh) Burnett, natives of Georgia, who emigrated from Indiana to Knox County, 111., in 1836, coming overland with a team of oxen. The subject of this sketch was married to Sarah Conser Sept. 27, 1855. She is the daughter of George and Catherine Conser; she was born March 5, 1827. To this union there were born five children: Mary E , June 13, 1856, is the wife of L. P. Dar- nell, living in this township; Joshua F., born July 28, 1857, is married to Rosa A. Allen, and lives in this township; Ella A., born Feb. 4, 1859, is the wife of William E. Housh, living in this township; Sarah A., born Nov. 17, 1861 ; Flora B., June 24, 1864, and they are raising a boy named James A. Nevett, born April i, 1S72. Mr. Burnett makes the breeding and raising of Short-horn Durham cattle a specialty, also fine horses and stock of all kinds. He has traveled over the Southern and Western States, and has been shipping stack for a number of years, mostly to the Western States. He owns 500 acres of good land, all under fence, and the most of it improved, with good buildings of all kinds and ever)'thing in a flourishing condition. Mr. Burnett has been a successful hunter of all V t ^ KNOX COUNTY. 973 kinds of game that infested the Illinois prairies, and is the owner of the celebrated English foxhounds, the only dogs that can, unaided, capture and kill a wolf. He has a rifle carried by his grandfather, Joshua Burnett, through the Wars of the Revolution and of 1812 and the Black Hawk War, and the old piece is now in good condition, all the changes made being that the old flint lock is modernized by the percussion cap, and the stock, formerly six feet in length, has been cut off to the length of guns of the present day. /*. |S rasmus J. Earel. Among the more prom- inent and enterprising farmers of Knox County, noteworthy for persistent indus- try and financial ability, may be counted the subject of this sketCh, a brief summary of whose personal history is herein given. He owns a farm on section 10, of Indian Point Town- ship, and upon it stands a pleasant and attractive home. He is within a convenient'distance of town : privileges, living two and three-quarter miles south- east of Abingdon. Mr. Earel, of this writing, was born ift Adams County, 111., March 28, 1855, and came to Knox County in 1865,31 the age often years. Considera- ble attention was given to his educational training and he seemed to possess a natural predilection for intellectual industry. He attended Hedding College three terms and his application won him golden opinions. He is the son of Harvey D. and Margaret Earel, the former of whom was bom in Ohio, in 1831, and the date of the latter parent's birih not being positively known, the records, by some unfortunate circumstance, being lost. Mr. Earel, of this sketch, lost his mother when about eight years of age. She died of congestive chills, the date of her death being 1863. She was the mother of five children, by name Mary E., who died at the early age of four years; Erasmus, Silas, Mary F. and Jennie F. Mr. and Mrs. 5»rasmus Earel were united in the holy bonds of wedlock, July 3, 1878, and his wife's maiden name was Mary Elwell. She was born Feb. 9, 1859, and was at the time of her marriage 19 years of age. She was the daughter of Jacob and Harriet (Haynes) Elwell, and her father was born in •ir Indiana, July 4, :835, while her mother. Miss Har- riet Ha)nes, first saw the light of day Oct. 2, 1841. The father now lives in Van Buren County, Iowa. She died Aug 20, 1865, leaving one child, a daugh- ter, who is the wife of our subject. One year after Mrs. Elwell died, Mr. Elwell remarried, Mrs. Emily A. Laymon, of Ohio, being his chosen companion. Both she and her husband survive, and are living in the State of Iowa. To them were lx)rn five children, viz: Araminta, who died in infancy; Anna W., Myra, Hattie and Ora. To Mr. and Mrs Earel, of this sketch, have been given two children — Harley D., born April 18, 1879; and Jamie R., Aug. 30, 1882. Mr. Earel is the owner of 100 acres of fine land and devotes himself to the breeding of good blooded cattle. He has always been prominent in public affairs and has held the office of School Director for a long {jeriod. In politics he affiliates with the Re- publican party and keeps his eyes open relative to public and private good. His wife is a member of, the Methodist Episcopal Church at Abingdon, and formerly attended the St. Mary's Seminar)- at Knox- ville, at which institution she remained two years. , Mr. Earel has an intelligent and interesting family, \ and the home is a place of pleasant resort to friends and neighbors. ames T. Main is of English birth and de- _J.- scent, and is the son of John and Martha 1;^"''^*^ Main. He came to America about 1854, ^i,^ and worked at blacksmithing in Chicago two ^r and a half years. Thence he came to Ontario \ Township, followed his trade for a time, and, by the exercise of industry and economy, was enabled to purchase a farm of 80 acres, to which he subse- quently added 80 acres more and now has a good farm and good buildings. Mr. Main was married June 15, 1865, to Elizabeth, daughter of George and Elizabeth Edwards. Miss Edwards was born Oct. 23, 1842, in Somerton, En- gland, and came with her parents to America and located in Ontario Township, where they now reside. To Mr. and Mrs. Main seven children have been born, viz.: Nellie B., April 15, 1866; Carrie E., Nov. 27, 1870; Addie M., June 27, 1874; Dora, Oct. 23 1876 ; James T., Aug. 16, 1879 ; Gertie E., Feb. 9,' "4*^ -s^^ 974 KKOX COUNTY. f 1S82; William A., Sept. 16, 1884. Mrs. Main is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Main is an upright and worthy member of the community and greatly esteemed for his integrity and all those qualities which constiuite the true man and good citizen. His comfortable surroundings have been secured by unremitting industry and the exercise of that judgment which has enabled him not only to acquire, but to take good care of what he has ac- quired, so that his later years may be passed in ease and contentment. -^*>* udson W. Briggs, a progressive farmer and honored citizen of tiiis county, residing in Maquon Township, came to Knox County in the spring of 1856, and lived in Altona for one year, and in 1857 came to Maquon. He came from Madison County, N.Y. He learned the trade of tinsmith in Oneida, Oneida Co., N. Y., and followed the same for some three years and then ^ came to Chicago, where he worked one winter. On coming to Altona he followed the same business. Arrixing in Maquon, he followed his trade for about , four years, and then engaged in farming and dealing in stock, which business he is at present following. Mr. Briggs is the owner of 1,350 acres of land in this county. He was born in Madison County, N.Y. , March 18, 1837. He received a somewhat limited school education, and when he was 11 years old he worked out by the month for I4 per month. When he was about 14 years of age he was apprenticed to learn the tinsmith's trade, and after three years mas- tered the same. He was married in Maquon, Aug. 13, 1859, to Priscilla Jones, born in Meadville, Pa., and they have had four children — Ida, Charlie D., Frank and Maud. The latter died when two years old. Ida is the wife of Wm. Coffman and resides in Chestnut Township; she has two children — Nina and Henry. Charlie married Lizzie Combs and re- sides in Maquon Township. Frank resides at home. In politics Mr. Briggs is a Republican. His parents were Cyrus and Mary A. (Tinker) Briggs, natives of New York and Connecticut respectively. They married and settled in Madison County, N. Y., where the father died when Judson W. was quite young. The mother survives and resides in New York. Thev T- had five children — George, Cornelia, Ebenezer, Dan- iel and Judson W. In 1883 Mr. Briggs opened a livery-stable in Ma- quon, which he has since operated. He is an exten- sive shipper of hogs, cattle and horses. -?— .3S#ft«r S. Bradford, of whose history we give a few brief details, is a farmer on section 3, in Haw Creek Township. He was born in the State of Maine, Sept. 27, 1809, and is the son of Charles and Elizabeth (Clark) Brown Bradford. The father of the subject of this sketch was a native of Massachusetts and his mother of Maine. The father in his younger days was a potter by trade, and removed to Ohio when his son, H. S., was four years old. There he followed farm- ing, and about the year 1833 he removed to Knox- ville, 111., with his family. They came overland with teams. The father bought and improved land in Persifer Township, in this county, and made a home for himself and his family. He died on the home- stead about the year 1873 ; the mother died at the same place in 1833, directly after coming to Illinois. The subject of this notice was married to Hester Whiten in 1835. To this union were born nine children, named as follows : Elizabeth, Ann M., William, Sophia, Louisa, Rufus, Alia and Olive (twins) and Emma. His son William was a soldier in the late War for the Union. Mr. Bradford has 217 acres of land in Knox County, with good and comfortable buildings of all kinds. In politics he is a Republican. Ivin H. Potter, M. D. and A. M., residing If at Maquon, is a son of Sheldon and "®° Wealthy (Baldwin) Potter, he of English- Scotch and she of English and French ances- try. They were natives of Connecticut and Massachusetts respectively. Sheldon Potter, our subject's grandfather, came from England in the time of Oliver Cromwell. There were three brothers who came to America, refugees from England. They came with the Judges, Whaley and Goffe, who sentenced King Charles I to death. On arriving here, they, with the Judges, were concealed in a cave on the Hudson River for about a year. The brothers I 4= ^ KNOX COUNTY. 975 then separated ; one of thein, the grandfather of Sheldon Potter, settled in Connecticut. He was the original inventor of shoepegs. Sheldon Potter became the father of six children. Their names were : Laurens B., Norman Z., Lorin E., Alvin H., Anson S. and Sherman S. The subject of this sketch was born in what is now Erie County, N. Y., 15 miles from Buffalo, June 30, 1825. He passed his early life on his father's farm until 12 years old. He then went to live with Col. Fillmore, an uncle of ex-President Fillmore, and while with him he attended school at Aurora Acad- emy two years and graduated when 14 years of age. He then went to Ashtabula County, Ohio, to his father's, who had removed from Erie County, N. Y., and worked on a farm until he was 17 years old. He then entered Kingsville Academy at Kingsville, Ohio, and graduated three years later, at the age of 20. He entered the law office of Giddings & Wade (Joshua R. Giddings and Ben. Wade), and while at- tending school studied under their instruction for three years and was admitted to practice by the Su- preme Court of Ohio. The fall he was 20 he went to Jackson County, Mich., and taught school the following winter, and in May he entered the Michi- gan Central College, known now as Hillsdale Col- lege. He attended this college about four months, graduating the following June, and the same sum- mer he worked out by the month on a farm at $17 per month. In 1847 Mr. Potter began the study of medicine with Dr. Colton in Jackson County, Mich., and con- tinued with him until he came West, in 1S50. In October, 1S50, he came to Maquon and for one year was engaged in teaching school, and read the Ho- meopathic system of medicine and also studied law at the same time. He has been located in Maquon since that time, with the exception of three months, when he was at Pekin, 111. He graduated from the Rush Medical College at Chicago in the session of i854-.S5- In 1856 he was admitted to the bar of Knox County and is still a member. His first mar- riage look place at Lenawee County, Mich., July 5, 1 848, to Thankful Fowler, a niece of Prof. O. S. Fowler. She was born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1S28, and has borne him two children — Abby A. and Virgil A. Abby A. is the wife of S. Z. Mc- Culloch and resides in Maquon Township ; she is the mother of seven children. Virgil is married and - , ■ ' X. resides at David City, Neb. They have three chil- dren and lost two at birth. Mrs. Potter died at Maquon, June 30, 1858. He was again married in Knox County, June 19, i860, to Eliza J. Moore, who is a native of Knox County, born March 4, 1842. They have two children — An- son S. and Alvin G. Anson married Amanda Housh and resides in Nebraska. Alvin resides at Maquon. Dr. Potter has been Coroner two years. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace for 1 1 con- secutive years, and in April, 1885, he was again elected to that office. In politics he is a Republican. Dr. Potter is a member of the State Homeopathic Medical Society ; also a member of the Western Homeopathic Society; a member and late Presi- dent of the Central Military Tract Homeopathic Society ; a member of the Missouri Homeopathic Medical Society, and a member of the Board of Cen- sors of the same society, and honorary member of the California Homeopathic Medical Society. * ■ : ^; %^% ■ ; — ^ 1|Wlbert A. Cawkins. Prominent among the r well-to-do farmers of Sparta Township, who i0's^ came to this county away back in 1836, /|.}a and who have continued to reside here until li^ the present time, meeting with success in their I chosen vocation, is the gentleman of whom these notes are written. He is at present residing on section 2, Sparta Township, being township 12 north, range 2 east of the 4th principal meridian, where is located his fine farm of 220 fertile acres, on which there are good and substantial improvements. Mr. Cawkins of this notice was born in Hillsdale, Columbia Co., N. Y., June r, 1808. His parents were Stephen (the sixth generation from Hugh) and Anna (Smith) Cawkins, likewise natives of York State. The father of Stephen Cawkins was a native of Connecticut, and his distant forefather, Hugh Cawkins, born in Monmouthshire, England, in 1600, came from England to Massachusetts in the year 1640, and soon settled in Connecticut. From Hugh Cawkins conies the Cawkins family existing through- out different parts of the United States to-day. Stephen Cawkins came to Illinois, in 1838, and set- tled in Henry County, where he purchased a farm, on which he located and there lived, engaged in iha\ V ■<* 976 JCJVOX COUNTY. honorable calling until his death, in 1857 ; his wife had died in 1843. The subject of this notice was an inmate of the parental household until he attained the age of 23 years. He received a common-school education and diligently assisted his father in the labors of the farm, and after leaving home engaged to learn the carpen- ter's trade. This he mastered and followed for sev- eral years, when he was employed as a salesman, to travel throughout the Southern States, and was thus occupied for three years. In 1836 our subject came to this State and at once entered 1 80 acres of land on section 2, Sparta Township. Subsequently he increased his landed interests by an additional pur- chase of 40 acres. When he first came here the county was sparsely settled and the hand of civili- zation was hardly visible; indeed, there was not a white man who had settled upon the broad prairie one mile from the timber, all who had made settle- ment having selected the timber. It was at this date that the Underground Railroad was being operated, and the subject of this notice at this day is not afraid to acknowledge that he was an active partici- pant. Mr. Cawkins, on settling on the land which he originally entered, at once began its improvement and cultivation, and for 50 years has continued to reside thereon, having through his own exertions and labor brought it to the high state of cultivation and value that it occupies at this writing. In 1837, one year after his arrival in this country, he concluded that he needed a helpmate to aid him in the improvement of his home and to share in the successes which he was certain he saw in the near future. He consequently selected Miss L. M. Park as his companion. She was a native of Massachu- setts, and a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Frink) Park, and bore her husband eight children, five only of whom are now living: Calvin, wlio mar- ried Elizabeth Berry and by whom he has had three children — Ella, Carrie and Ida ; Leonard took to wife Flora Snell, and their children are eight in number — Ernest, Hugh, Nellie, Riifus, Eli, Abigail, Rosa and Lois M.; Dwight was the next in order of birth; Leroy married Fannie Reed, and they have one son — Willis ; Fremont L. also became a married man, the maiden name of his wife being Helen R. Parker. In politics Mr. Cawkins is a Republican and has been one in sentiment ever since 1850. Being in- tensely Anti-slavery in sentiment, he left the Whig party on the passage of the Fugitive-Slave law, which he considered a disgrace to civilization. While in the midst of slavery he opposed it with tongue and pen. The following is a small specimen of what he left among the slaveholders and which he wrote in 1834 : Founded on oppre.ssion, Stigma to the Nation, Witliout shadow of Equity, I.S held as a treasure For profit and pleasure, Hotbeds of all iniquity. Mr. Cawkins and his wife, who, when another year shall have rolled around, will have been man and wife for 50 years, will celebrate their golden wedding. They are true and consistent members of the Bap- tist Church, and hand in hand have climbed the lad- der of difficulty until at last they are hving in the enjoyment of a competency earned through honest toil. Mr. Cawkins has held the office of School Di- rector, and to him belongs the honor of calling the first school meeting ever held in Sparta Township, and he was the only one who attended that meeting T who could re^d or write. His past career has been an honorable one, and he is one of the respected and 1 honored citizens not only of Sparta Township, but of "^ Knox County. Mr. Cawkins bears the reputation oi being one of the best carpenters in the country, and is a thorough- ly reliable business man. At his old home in New York he was esteemed the best posted man in mili- tary tactics, and was compelled to drill the field and staff officers of the militia regiment to which he be- longed. 'ames Neely, a highly respected and well- ^ to-do farmer, residing on section 30, Sparta Township, was born Sept. 17, 1806, in Herkimer County, N. Y. He was the son of Abraham and Hannah (Dill) Neely, both na- tives of New York. He was reared on the farm and received a common -school education. He came to Illinois in 1848, locating for a short time with what was known as the Log City Colony, and finally settling in Henderson Township, where he lived nine years. During this time he purchased the farm upon which he now resides, and cultivated and im- proved it while he lived on the Henderson Town- i^^^4^ i KNOX COUNTY. 977 ship farm; he also built his present dwelling in 1847, and moved the same year to tiie farm upon which he has since resided and carried on his agricultural pur- suits. Mr. Neely was married in New York on the 2d day of November, 1827, to Miss Sabrina Arnold, daughter of Edward and Mercy Arnold. Miss Ar- nold was born Oct. 13, 1806, in Herkimer County, N. Y. By this union were born nine children, six of whom are living, viz.: Mandevill, Maria, Mortimer, Hannah, Lucy and Charles R. Mr. and Mrs. Neely are members of the Congre- gational Church. Abraham Neely, the father of our subject, was a captain in the Revolutionary War under Gen. Wash- ington, and Mrs. Neely's father also served in tlie War of the Revolution. Mortimer Neely, the son of Mr. and Mrs. N. of our sketch, served three years in the Union Army, and served his country fighting Indians for two years afterward, in the Far West. The subject of our sketch, now, after a goodly number of years spent in frugal industry, is enabled to sit under " his own vine and fig-tree," obtaining satisfaction in the review of a well-spent past, and pleasure in the anticipation of a pleasant afternoon of life, to which an unvarying course of integrity and rectitude has given him abundant title. ideon S. Hawkins, general dealer in gro- ceries, etc., at Oneida, is one of the oldest citizens of Knox County, having come to Galesburg in 1838, when that place was yet a small village, and the country around it al- most an unbroken prairie. He was the son of Jacob Hawkins, a resident of Suffolk County, N. Y., where he lived and died. He was of American pa- rentage and English ancestry. The mother, Mary Smith, was horn in Setauket village, Brookhaven Township, Suffolk Co., N. Y., and spent her life in her native county. Her father was an old sea cap- tain, and is supposed to be of Englisli descent and parentage. The father of our subject was a successful farmer. The family consisted of nine children, six sons and three daughters. Mr. Hawkins of this notice was the fifth in order of birth. He received a common- school education, and resided at home until 17 years of age, when he set out for New York City. There he engaged as an apprentice to learn the carpenter and joiner trade, under the instruction of Noah Tompkins, a Quaker from White Plains, N. Y. He was with Mr. Tompkins four years, receiving for his labor $25, $30, $35 and $40 respectively for each year's work, and clotlied himself. After he had com- pleted his trade, he worked for Mr. Tompkins from Dec. 21, 1837, till May, 1838, when with but $1.50 in money he set out for the then Far West. He worked his way from Philadelphia across the Alle- ghanies to Pittsburg, Pa., where he took passage on a boat down the Ohio River to Cincmnati, where he got onto another boat laden with a cargo to St. Louis, Mo., on which he worked his passage to the last-named place, where he secured a job unloading the steamer, and thereby secured money enough to get to Rock Island. Thence with a rifle on his shoulder he started out in quest of work, and finally reached Henry County, where he did some carpen- ter work for George Brandenburg, his first work in this State. He remained in Henry County for some J months. In the meantime he built the first house "^ on the original site of Morristown, that county. In October, 1838, he struck out for Knox County. Some of his first work was in Knoxville, for old Deacon Chambers, who was one of the first settlers of that place. He afterward went to Henderson Township and worked for Mr. William Riley for two years. Afterward he worked in the village of Hen- derson for some time, and finally drifted into cabinet- making, which he followed in that place till 1857. In that year, while in Henderson, he became surety for a large stock of goods which he was obliged to take possession of, and he then engaged in merchan- dising with varied success for five years. He suc- ceeded in paying the indebtedness against the store, and had a small stock of goods left, and liipiidated the debt on an 80-acre farm he had contracted for in Sparta Township about the time he took the store. Mr. Hawkins went on the farm then in 187 i, and added 40 acres more, operating it for nine years. In 1880 he leased the farm and went to Wataga, and one year later came to Oneida and purchased a meat-market. Six months later he sold out and en- gaged in his present business. He has since pur- chased a good house and lot in this place. While in Henderson Township, Mr. Hawkins was -N^ i - ^ » ^^^ 978 KNOX COUNTY. marrisd, in April, 1843, to Miss Margaret M. Levalley. She was born in Oswego County, N. Y., and came to Illinois with her parents, who at once settled in Henderson Township, and there died. Mrs. Haw- kins is the mother of three children — Mary E., wife of Isaac Rucker, residing in Oneida; John A. resides at home in Oneida; Frank E., married and resides on a farm in Sparta; he was formerly an engineer. Mrs. Hawkins is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Hawkins was Police Magistrate here for two years, but is now out of office. In politics he is a solid Republican, and is a Swedenborgian in religion. He is a thorough student in philosophy, and is the originator of some new ideas in regard to the cause of the earth's action and shape and the various forces of the planets in relation to each other, and he is an eloquent advocate of the sciences, whose pursuit proves to him a source of great pleas- ure and satisfaction. .,>, o»o.-@;>>-»^^W; 982 «■ -vT >- — -^ XNOX COUNTY. in 1852, and at Peoria, III, prosecuted his profession until 1857. In that yeai he moved to Memphis, Tenn., thence a year later to St. Louis; in 1861 to Knoxville, III, and in the spring of 1862 to Gales- burg. Here he dropped dentistry and bought out a drugstore and at once took rank as a successful dis- penser of physic. His public spirit is a prominent characteristic. He was among the promoters of the two promi- nent hotels of the city, and in the summer of 1885 organized the Galesburg Electric Light and Power Company, with a capital stock of $50,000, and at once became its President. In 1879 he was elected Mayor of the city, the first and only Democrat ever elected to that office in Galesburg. On coming into that position he found a city debt of $76,000. This under his administration was reduced to $50,000, and when he left the office at the end of two years, the residue was bonded at a low rate of interest, and the City Treasurer showed a balance in its favor of $38,000. These simple though important facts leave comment upon the successful official career of Dr. Greenleaf wholly unnecessary. Our subject was married at Peoria, 111., Aug. 15. 1854, to Miss Helen Johnston, a native of Ohio, and has two children— Marianne (Mrs. VV. J. Martin, living at Omaha, Neb.) and David, a youth at this writing. 11 H. Mcllravy, farmer, on section 35, Cop- ley Township, was born in Magnolia, Car- roll County, Ohio, Sept. 21, 1858. His parents were Dr. H. C. and Ruth D. (Herron) Mcllravy, natives of Ohio. They were married Nov. 19, 1857, in Ohio. The father studied medi- cine at New Hagerstown Academy, Ohio, and began practice in 1856 and followed his profession in Ohio until 1867, when he came to Illinois and settled in Victoria village, where he practiced medicine until his death, May i, 1877. The mother died May 6, 1872. They had a family of two children — Hugh H., born Sept. 21, 1858, and Ruth E., born Oct. 25, 1865. The subject of this sketch remained at home until his father's death. He attended Monmouth College during the terms of 1875-76, and in 1877 went to Ohio and attended school, returning March 8, 1878. He then engaged to work by the month at farming. After working a few months he entered Hedding Col- lege at Abingdon, where he studied one year, then engaged in fanning, and purchased t7 6 acres of land on section 35, Copley Township, where he has since remained and is engaged in stock and grain raising. Our subject was married, Feb., 1881, to Miss Vi- annie Taylor, the daughter of David and Hettie (Parkins) Taylor, of Nova Scotia and Ohio respect- ively. They have a family of six children — Thomas E., Clara L., Viannie M., William D., Minnie L., Charles A. Mr. Mcllravy has one child — Hugh H. Our subject is a Republican, and. with his wife, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the representative men of Copley Town- ship, Knox County, 111. ■vw\,-^t2a£?®^@' i/g§.gJ/Z7OT'»>~">/WN. Cohn Peterson, merchant tailor, of the firm ^'■113^' of Peterson & Anderson, 29 South Prairie -'iSt:-'.^'*^ street, Galesburg, was born in Sweden, and came to this country in 1854. His ^r parents, Peter Johnson and Cecilia (Johnson), I are yet living in the old country, aged 84 and 82 years respectively. They reared two sons and one daughter, the subject of this sketch being the young- est son. He was educated in his native country and there learned the tailor's trade. Arriving in Knox County, he stopped at Knoxville a few months and came to Galesburg in 1855. After two years at "jour" tailoring, he began business for himself on the south side of the Public Square, in company with Mr. An- derson. SeUing out in 1862, he made a trip to Swe- den, visited his parents, returned to Galesburg, re- entered the merchant-tailoring business, and in 1869 made another visit to the old country. In 1870 he was appointed United States Ganger, at Peoria, a position he held till August, 1885, when he resigned and returned to Galesburg and to his old business. In addition to his regular business he has for many years handled foreign exchange and ocean passage tickets, as much for the convenience of his countrymen, however, as for the profit to be benefit to be derived therefrom. Mr. Peterson was married at Galesburg, Jan. 19, 1856, to Miss Malina Johnson, a young lady who *+ X* KNOX COUNTY. 983 happened to come to America in the same ship with him. Their only child is named Jennie A. The family belong to tlie Lutheran Church. Mr. Peterson has not been particularly identified with politics, though he has always been a reliable Republican. He has represented his ward — the 2d — in the City Council a couple of years, which appears to be the sum of his office-holding, aside from the one he so long and so honorably filled under the General Government. For more than 15 years a gauger at one of the largest whisky distilleries in the world, covering a period of the most rank corruption and frauds known in civilized history; passing through a time when the very nation shook with hor- ror from the exposures of the notorious whisky rings; a time when people were prepared to be sur- prised at the arrest of no man connected in any way with the traffic; through those times, and coming out of the service at his own request, not only without taint or blemish, but with 'he highest order of testi- monials, is a record of which any man may feel proud. IL O. Williamson, one of the proprietors of the Wataga Custom Mills, was born on f/^i '^ the Atlantic Ocean, July 14, 1850. His /K '^^ parents were William and Margaret Will- ■ ' iamson, and were natives of Sweden, and it was while coming to America the subject of this sketch was born. His parents settled in Sparta Township, Knox Co. His father bought a small farm, on section 22, and remained there until his death, in 1854; the mother is still living in Wataga. They had a family of six children, who lived to man and womanhood. M. O. Williamson remained at home until 12 years old, when he went to work on a farm, and con- tinued until 14 years of age. He then came to the village of Wataga to learn the harness trade, and served three years, then worked one year as jour- neyman. He then bought out one of the partners in the harness business, and was in company with William C. Olson from 1867 to 1879. He then bought out his partner and has since carried on the business. In 1844 he purchased one-third interest in the Custom Mill at Wataga village, and at the present owns one-half interest in the mill. He built a house in 1875, on Faulkner street, where he now lives. Mr. W. was married, Oct. 18, 187 1, to Mary Driggs, a native of Oneida County, N. Y., and daughter of William M. and Millicent (Housted) Driggs. They have two children living — Nellie and Ada. Mr. Williamson is a Republican, and he belongs to the I. O. O. F. He has held the office of Coun- cilman, Justice of the Peace, Village and Town Clerk, and is one of the solid and substantial men of Knox County. He was Secretary of the Repub- lican Central Committee in 1884. Harlan, city undertaker and funeral direct- or, at Galesburg, is a native of the State of Indiana. He was born in Rush County, Feb. 1, 1840, and is a son of John G. and Eliza (Gregg) Harlan, the former a native of Ohio, the latter of Kentucky. Mr. Harlan spent his boyhood in Peru, Ind., whither his parents had removed, and where he grew to manhood. At the age of 13 he became apprenticed to the under- taking business in an extensive establishment in •• Peru, Ind., and completed it as far as he could. He afterward attended embalming schools and visited other large factories, with the view of adding to his already large stock of knowledge in the business. During the late Civil War he volunteered his services in defense of the Union, and served nearly four years, receiving worthy promotion during iiis service and an honorable discharge. In 1867 he embarked in business in Peru, Ind., in which he still holds an interest. In 1883 he came here and established a nice business, and has very success- fully carried it on since. Mr. Harlan is a very public-spirited business man and citizen, and con- tributes liberally to all measures tending to the ad- vancement of the city's social and industrial growth. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he was knighted in Fort Wayne Com- mandery. He is also a member of the Oriental Con- sistory, being accepted in the city of Jerusalem, which he had visited in 1858. He is a member of the Foresters, Pilgrim Knights and about all of the temperance societies, G. A. R., Post 45, and was pne ^ -^ 984 KNOX COUNTY. -H- of the original members of the W. B. Reyburn Post, No. 62, of Peru, Ind. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank, and has taken all the knighted ranks in that order and has served as Sir Knight Commander. Is a member of the Order of Red Men, and of the Standard Club of Galesburg. O. Williamson, of the firm of L. O. Will- iamson & Co., prominent dry goods mer- chants, of Galesburg, is a son of William and Kate (Olson) Williamson, natives of Swe- den, and was born at Wataga, 111., Dec. 20, 1862. The subject of this sketch spent the first 15 years of his life upon his father's farm and in attendance at the public schools. In February, 1879, he graduated from the Galesburg Business College, and in March following engaged in the r mercantile business. For four years he had an as- sociate in the business, but since that time he has been sole manager and director, the " company " of ;Hthe concern being in no way actively engaged in the [business. The house of L. O. Williamson & Co. is one of the largest and most successful dry goods es- Itablishments in the city of Galesburg, and gives em- ployment to from 14 to 18 people the year round, and the discipline and order of the place show the skill of a master manager. Parenthetically the writer desires to call attention to the fact that the head of this house was reared upon a farm, from which, when only 17 years of age, he stepped at once into the position of a first-class merchant. Mr. Williamson was married at Center Point, Knox County, Sept. 17, 1885, to Miss Mary C. Swanson, an accomplished young lady graduate of Knox College. eorge H. Graves, general farmer and bee- raiser, section 19, Walnut Grove Town- ship, is a son of John G. Graves, also a farmer and bee-grower, who came from New Hampshire, where he was born, to Illinois, in 1858, and lived in Walnut Grove Township till his death, May 26, 1884. He was of New En- gland parentage, of English descent, and was mar- ried in his native State to Emeline Shedd, who is yet hving with her son. The father died of paralysis of the heart while sitting in his chair. Three children were born to the mother, our subject being the oldest but one. Two are yet living — our subject and Charles G., who is married and resides in Oneida. The youngest died at the age of one year. Our subject was born in Cheshire County, N. H., May 22, 1853. Since his parents came to Illinois he has made this county and township his liome. He received a good common-school education, lived at home, and since the death of his father he has operated the farm under his own charge, and now owns 85 acres of well-improved land. His bee- raising has been conducted in connection with his farming. He is a skillful manager of bees, as was his father before him. Feb. 9, 1880, Mr. G. was married in Galesburg to Miss Minnie Sherman, who was born near Gales- burg, Oct. 3, i86r. She was reared and educated in Knox County. Her parents were farmers from York State, and came to this county about 1849, and are now living in Woodhull. Mr. Graves and wife are the parents of two chil- dren — M. Emeline, born in November, i88r, and George H., Jan. 3, 1884. ^^^^^ jhomas Housh, a farmer on section 28, Haw Creek Township, was born in Washington County, Ind., Dec. 25, 1829. He is the son of George P. and Polly Housh. They re- moved from Indiana in 1837. They were farmers, and when they came to Illinois bought and improved land and made a home, on which both of the old people died. The mother died a number of years ago; the father in 1864. This family was of German origin. The father was a soldier in the War of r8r2 and in the Black Hawk war. The subject of this sketch was married to Eliza- beth Mowery, Feb. 23, 1851. She is the daughter of John and Elenor Mowery, and was born in Ohio, Oct. 31 , 1835. Her father, John Mowery , was born in February, 1809, and her mother Aug. 13, 1810. The subject of this sketch and wife are the parents of eight children, as follows : Milton A., born Nov. 25, a^ KNOX COUNTY. 4. 185 1 ; Mary, May 22, 1854; John M., Oct. 13, 1857; Grant, April 11, 1863; Charles F., Sept. 8, 1869, and Jennie Pearl, Aug. 24, 1881. Jessie and Willie died in infancy. Mr. H. is raising a girl, .Ad- die M. House, born July 14, 1876. Mrs. Housh died March 20, 1S85. The subject of this notice enlisted in Co. F, 86th 111. Vol. Inf., under Capt. J. L. Burkhalter, Aug. 7, 1862, and served nine months. He took part in the battle of Perr)-ville, Ky., and the raid after Gen. Bragg and his forces, and was mustered out at Quin- cy, 111., April i, 1863. He then came home and lived on the farm up to the present. He owns 157 acres of good land, all under fence and has fine im- provements. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.,also is a member of the G. A. R., and politically is a Republican. 4^^C°S6pb Masters, a retired farmer, on section ^ >^l;r 3- ^P-irta Township, was born in the soiith- 1'^' "'est part of England, Jan. 17, 1833. His X'^ parents were William and Mar)- (Cox) Mas- W, ters, natives of England. They were farmers, \ and had a family of eight children. They re- mained in England until their deaths in 1865 and 1843 respectively. The subject of this sketch re- mained at home until 1854 and received a common- school education, and worked on the farm. He came to America in 1854, settled in Knox County, and purchased 96 acres of prairie land. On this he built a house and barn, fences, and set out an orchard, and remained on the same until 1883. Then he moved onto section 3, where he now lives, and has, since his first purchase, bought 162 acres. He has built three fine farmhouses, which he still owns, and values his land at $80 per acre. He was married in 1855 to Miss Phebe Fooks, a native of England, and daughter of Thomas Fooks. Mr. and Mrs. Masters have only one child living — William. They also have an adopted daughter — Kate. Mr. Masters is a Republican, and with his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has held the office of Road C:ommissioner and School Director, and is one of the solid and substan- tial men of Knox County. oro ?!^.f JH/ylark Glenn, farmer, on section 31, Sparta tvl^Jj Township, was born in Jefferson County, I'i;^*"^ Ohio, Jan. lo, 1810. His parents were fi^ Thomas and Jane (Bromfield) Glenn, na- ,-'.^ tives of Pennsylvania. They came to Ohio f in 1807 and bought 135 acres of land, all of which was timbered, and lived there until their death, the former dying in 1842 and the latter in 1845. They had a family of ten children — John, Elizabeth. Jane, Polly, Nancy, James, Alexander, Mary A., William and Clark. The subject of this sketch re- mained at home until 1846, then went to Wyandot County, Ohio, and bought r6o acres of land and lived on the same eight years, and in 1854 sold out and came to Illinois. In 1864 he settled where he now lives and purchased So acres. Our subject was married in 1S42 to Sarah Coe, a native of Ohio, and to them have been born si.\ children ; four are living and two are dead. The living are Jane B., John, William and Rowlin. Benjamin died in the service of his country ; Elizabeth E. died in 1881, aged 26 years. Mrs. Glenn was killed by lightning in Knox Township, with an infant in her arms, while standing under a tree; the child lived only a few hours. The second marriage of our subject was in 1857, to Miss Clarissa Percival, a native of Ohio. Mr. Glenn is a Republican, and with his wife is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. He has held the office of Assessor in Knox Township for two years, and is one of the representative men of Sparta Township. His first vote was cast for Henry Clay in 1832, and he has voted at every one of the presi- dential elections except in 1S72. j|.apt. George W. Reynolds, farmer, on sec- tion iS, Victoria Township, was born in the town of Milton, Mass., July 15, 1826 His parents, George F. and Abigail (Ix)ckej Reynolds, natives of New Hampshire, had a family of four children— George W., Charles C, John W., Julia A. The parents came 10 Illinois in 1835 and settled in Tazewell County, but re- mained only a short time, coming to Knox County -H^ KNOX COUNTY. ■!►+ f t in 1837. They settled in Victoria Township and purchased 130 acres of land, and were the first set- tlers who put up a house in Victoria. Victoria vil- lage stands mostly on his land. He is at present leading a retired life, aged 87 years. The subject of this sketch remained on the home farm until 1853. In the early days he traveled three miles to attend a district school, which was held in a log cabin 16x20. He says that in those days the schoolmaster was allowed to use the hickory rod, and he remembers, when about 14 years old, he, with some other boys, got to school early and locked the door, shutting the teacher out until lie would treat them to apples or candy. But he would not suc- cumb to their wishes, but called for the Directors, and they threatened and even went so far as to get on the old log school-house and took straw and set it on fire ard threw it down the chimney to smoke the rebellious boys out; but they held the fort, and, their enemy retreating, the boys returned home. The ne.xt day the school resumed its wonted aspect and all again was harmony. George W. did not think that a country school was quite satisfactory, and wlien about 18 years of age attended the Knox Academy for one year, and paid for his board with his services n doing chores nights, mornings and Saturdays. He then returned 10 the old homestead in the village of Victoria and remained until 1847, when he made a visit to the New England States and remained until the next spring. Returning to Illinois, he worked on his father's farm on shares until 1854. He then went to California, via the overland route, in search of gold, and was gone two years. Returning by way of Panama and New Orleans, he went on a farm of 100 acres that he had purchased subsequently to his California trip, where he now lives. Since then he has added 40 acres. Capt. R. took took an active part in the campaign of i860, and m 1862 enlisted in Co. K, 83d III. Vol. Inf., being chosen its Captain, and served about three years. He was engaged in the second battle of Fort Donelson, but most of his service was on provost duty. After returning home he settled down to farming and also engaged in raising stock and grain. Our subject was married in 1849 to Miss Mary C. Hotchkiss, a native of New York. They have only one child living — Lewis M., born Oct. 26, 1849. He married Electa Bonar and they have two children- ^h =!X! Frank and Fred. Mrs. G. W. Reynolds died in 1858, and for his second wife he married, in 1859, Miss Elizabeth Swickard, a native of Wayne County, Ohio, and daugliter of Jonathan and Sarah (Baughman) Swickard, natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Illinois in 1852, and made a short stay, where the father died the same year. They had a family of ten children, six of whom are still living — Noah, Mary, David, Lucy, Elizabeth and John W. Mr. and Mrs. R. have one daughter — Jennie L., born Nov. i, 1868. The Captain is a Republican, and also belongs to the Congregational Church, and is a Trustee and Clerk of his congregation. He has been Town Clerk and Town Treasurer, School Director and twice on the Central Committee of the Republican party, and has always been ready to lend a helping hand to every good cause. I H. GoflF, evangelist, veterinary surgeon and farmer, on section 23, Copley Town- "^^ ship, was born in Medina County, Ohio,. Oct. 17, 1839. His parents were William and Sarah A. (Bates) Goff. They were natives of Pennsylvania and New York respectively, , and married Nov. 20, 1821. They came to Illinois in 1844, and settled in Copley Township, on section 14, and remained there until their deaths. They had a family of 14 children, five of whom are still living — Rhuma N., Marvin H., Royal F., Mariette, War- ren T. The father of our subject was a farmer and veterinary surgeon, and followed the same until his death. He owned 210 acres in Copley Township, on section 14. The subject of this sketch remained at home until 14 years old; then worked out on a farm by the month, and during winters attended school. He pur- chased his own books and paid his own tuition, and continued at school until 18 years of age. Was mar- ried Feb. 4, 1858, to Miss M. Smith, daughter of George and Rebecca (Messmore) Smith. Her par- ents were natives of Ohio, and came to Illinois in 1853 and settled in Victoria Township. They had a family of eight childrt;n, six still living — John M., Mary E., Sarah, Abigail, Hannah and Margaret. Mr. Gofif of this notice has ten children living — Julia, John R., Mary L., Marvin H., Sarah R., — -H- KNOX COUNTY. 987 George W., Abbie M., Charles L., Lewis A , Maggie O. Julia is now Mrs. Grim; Mary L. became Mrs. Mitchell; and John R. was married to Miss L. Ross. Mr. Goff, after his marriage, bought school and other books and taught himself at night after his days' work, learning Greek and Hebrew. He rented a farm for seven years after marriage, and then bought 80 acres of brush land in Victoria Township, paying for the same $5 00. He made a payment of S50 on the place, and sold the same in three weeks at a profit of S300. In 1867 he purchased 40 acres of improved land in Copley Township, and lived on the same two years, then sold it and moved to Mis- souri and remained three years, renting land. While there he commenced to preach, and in 187 i returned to Illinois, settling in Copley Township, where he now lives. He has 145 acres of good land and is engaged in mixed farming. Mr. Goff is a Repub- lican in politics, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace. ^^^^^^ r. Elijah F. Purdum, a practicing physi- „^ cian of Abingdon since 1876, was born in \^r ' Montgomery County, Md., Oct. r4, 1839, vjiv and is a son of Nathan and Rebecca (Etchi- ^ son) Purdum. His father was born in Maryland J and was descended from the French. His mother was born in the same county as her son, and was descended from the English and Irish. Our subject went to Guernsey County, Ohio, when eight years of age. He began the study of medicine ill 1859, with Dr. Francis Rea, of Washington, Ohio; enlisted in July, r86i, in Co. F, 30th Ohio Vol. Inf, serving until Oct. 30, 1862, and was dis- charged for physical disability resulting from typhoid fever. He took a regular course at the Medical Col- lege of Ohio, at Cincinnati, graduating in tlie Class of 1863, July 6. He passed an examination before the Medical Board of Examiners of Ohio, within a few days after graduating, with so creditable a record that he was recommended as being qualified to serve as Regimental Surgeon. Not having had the neces- sary experience, he was disqualified for the position, but was commissioned -Assistant Surgeon of the 89th Ohio Vol. Inf. The appointment was a compliment to the young Doctor, as it was unsought, the re- ceipt of his commission and orders being the first in- timation he had of the matter. He re-entered the service under his commission, July 24, 1863, and was captured at the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20,1863. His whole regiment was either killed, wounded or captured, and not re-organized again until the fol- lowing December. After his capture Dr. Purdum was taken to Richmond and held a prisoner at Lib- by Prison, in that city, for two months and a few days. He was then exchanged, and in December rejoined his regiment. He served in the Army of tiie Cumberland, 14th Army Corps, under Gen. Sted- man. His army record is one his friends are proud of. He was mastered out June 28, 1865. In October of that year he removed to Abingdon, III, and spent the winter of 1865-66 in that city, and the following spring took up his residence in the town of Hermon, Knox Co., where he was engaged in practice until 1876, when he returned to Abingdon and has since made that city his home, and has pursued his prac- tice successfully. Dr. Purdum was married in Washington, Guernsey Co., Ohio, July 4,1865, to Miss Callie Swan, daughter of Edward and Caroline ^ Swan. Mrs. Purdum was born in Belmont County, Ohio. Her people were natives of Loudon County, Va. Dr. and Mrs. Purdum have one child, a son, Charles W., born in Hermon. -. t i^ i evi Hager, a general farmer, residing on ? LkJ-^ '3° '""^res of improved land on section 30, ?f^^ Lynn Township, was born in the township feiOr in which he is now living, on the farm where he now resides, Oct. 27, 1842. He was the youngest son and child of a family of four children — two daughters and two sons. His father, Peter, was formerly a tailor, and later a farmer. His early history is unknown to our subject, he having died when Levi was four years of age. His wife, Catherine Smith, born and reared in Pennsylvania, most likely came to Illinois before she was married. She died in Victoria Township in July, 1876. Our subject resided with his mother most of the time until his marriage, which occurred in Victoria Township at the residence of the bride's parents, Feb. T" €4^! ^'^^^ ITAOX COUNTY. 4, 1869, Miss Sarah A. Heatoa being ihe other con- tracting party. Her parents were natives of Ken- tucky and Pennsylvania respectively, and moved to Fayette County, Ohio, before their marriage. After their marriage in that county and the birth of three children they moved to Boone County, Ind., settling near Tliorntown, where Mrs. H. of this notice was born. Aug. 24, 1846. She is the youngest of a fami- ly of seven children. She was nine years old when her parents came to Illinois and located in Victora Township, where they lived until their death, the father dying in 1875 and the mother in April, 1873. They had improved a farm and made a home before their death, in Victoria Township. Mrs. H. is the motlier of two children — Allen A., born Nov. i, 1869, and Levi, Feb. 2r, 1874. Since marriage Mr. and Mrs. Hager have resided on their present farm. Mr. Hager has been Collector of this township, and in politics is a Greenbacker. Aug. 9, 1863, Mr. Hager enlisted in the Rebell- ion, joining Co. G, 89th 111. Vol. Inf. He remained with the company all through the campaign, partici- pating in the engagements at Stone River, Chick- mauga and Mission Ridge, and later on he became teamster, wliich occupation he filled until he was honorably discharged at Nashville, Tenn, June 10, 1865. He suffered some from sickness, othenvise he escaped unhurt. t •*rrA^ KNOX COUNTY. « I N "T R o b u o X OR Y . f: -=^ ^T^ * IME is ever moving on. The deeds and actions of to-day form the subject of history to-morrow. From the rec- ord of these deeds men form opinions, and their actions in tiie present and future are gov- erned thereby. Knox County fur- nishes the world a record that is of great interest, a record that tells of heroic deeds of its pioneers, how that vast territor}' was se- cured from savage tribes and made the home of civilized man. In Rock Island County originated the troubles, and from this county nearly everj- movement was made, in the Black Hawk War, and here the chiefs gath- ered together in council, and treaties were made, re- sulting] in lasting peace. Upon the lovely island and magnificent bluffs that overlook the river, the red men were wont to stray, and many beautiful and touching legends are told of their presence here. The white men came, and that country so lovely in nature has been greatly changed, but it can never be robbed of its great beauty. The island and the bluflTs still exist, and the valleys are transformed into fields of waving grain. The trails of the hunters and the wily red man have given place to railroads, and broad thoroughfares, school-houses, churches, mills, post-offices, manufactories and elegant dwellings are now to be seen upon every hand. The rec- ord of the marvelous change is history, and the most important that can be written. It is but little more than half a century since the white men came to this beautiful land for the pur- pose of securing homes, but in that lime what great and startling events have transpired ! Monarchies since then have crumbled into dust and republics have been reared upon their ruins. Inventions that have revolutionized labor have been given to the world, and in much of what has been done the peo- ple of Knox County have borne a leading part. The question is often asked, why men leave the comforts and pleasures of civilized lands and strike out into anew and almost unknown country, bearing the toils and privations which are unavoidable. Not more from choice than necessity did the old pioneers bid farewell to the playgrounds of their childliood and the graves of their fathers. One generation after another had worn themselves out in the service of avaricious landlords, or to eke out a miserable existence upon barren or worn-out land, which they called their own. From the first flashes of the morn- ing light until the last glimmer of the setting sun they had toiled unceasingly on from father to son, carry- ing home each day upon their aching shoulders the precious proceeds of their daily labor. Money, pride and power were handed down in the line of succession from the rich father to his son, while un- ceasing work, continuous poverty and everlasting obscurity were the heritage of the workingman and his children. For the sons and daughters of the ^ ■H^ KNOX COUNTY. ^> poor man to remain there was to follow and never to lead — to be poor forever. Without money, prestige or friends, the old pioneer drifted along, seeking the garden spot, the place where he might establish a home, where he might ed- ucate liis sons and daughters, giving them privileges he never enjoyed himself. The broad prairies and beautiful groves of Knox County in that early day were indeed inviting to those seeking a home in a more favored land, and here they planted their stakes, many of whom the present generation have reason to rise up and call blessed. To secure and adorn the homes desired by the pioneers more than ordinary ambition was required, greater than ordi- nary endurance demanded. How well they have succeeded, let the broad, cultiva'ted fields and fruit- bearing orchards, the flocks and the herds, the pa- latial residences, the places of business, the spacious halls, the clattering car-wheels and ponderous en- gines all testify. There was a time when pioneers waded through deep snows, across bridgeless rivers and through bot- tomless sloughs, more than a score of miles, to mill or market, and when more time was required to reach and return from market than is now required to cross , the continent or Atlantic Ocean. These were the times when their palaces were constructed of logs and covered with " shakes " riven from forest trees. These were the times when children were stowed away during the nights in the low, dark attics, among the horns of the elk and the deer, and where through the chinks in the " shakes " they could count the twinkling stars. These were the times when chairs and bedsteads were hewn from the for- est trees, and tables and bureaus constructed from the boxes in which goods were brought. These were the days when all were required to work six days in the week and all the hours in a day from sunrise to sunset. Now all is changed. In viewing the bless- ings which now surround us, we should reverence those who made them possible, and ever fondly cher- ish in memory the sturdy old pioneer and his log cabin. Generation after generation comes and goes like the leaves of autumn. Nations have been born, have had their rise and fall, and then passed away, leav- ing scarcely a riffle on the great ocean of time to show that they ever existed, so imperfect and changeable have been the means to perpetuate their achieve- ments. It was left to modern ages to establish an intelligent, undecaying, immutable method of per- petuating this history; immutable in that it is almost unlimited in extent, and perpetual in its action ; and this is through the art of printing. Nations may be- come disintegrated and pass away, monuments and statues may crumble into dust, but books will live. This art has been rapidly advancing from its first in- ception until now it would seem that there were no longer any further grounds for improvement. This is pre-eminently an age of printing, an age of books. To the present generation, however, are we indebt- ed for the introduction of the admirable system of local history and local biography. By this system every man, though he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history through the coming ages ; so alike has every community. ^ We come now to the work before us : To our pat- . rons, we say, that the scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left; the monument which his children or friends may erect to his mem- ory in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass away ; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by this book through coming ages. Shakspeare has said : The evil that men do lives after them ; The good is oft interred with their bones. Our aim in this work has been only to preserve the good. We have sought to gather, from the best sources of information obtainable, the conditions and incidents of early pioneer life, and to present them together with the present development of the county. Many of the pioneers came into this beautiful coun- ty without a dollar in their pockets, but with the unflinching determination to carve out their fortunes and build up a community. With undaunted hearts and a courage equal to that of the great heroes of our country, they began life. *1 -"-§• -.jm- t \^Q^^^i^ iiisp +* ^^■i o^ KNOX COUNTY. 977 ..dWiS!., Zy ^^ttl^T^^nt, E desire, previous to entering on the discussion of the •~= iiistory of Knox County, to give a brief account of the settlement and organ- ization of the State of llli nois, which is essential to the proper understanding of the condition of the countr)' in this part of the State prior to its settlement. The entire territory now embraced in this State at one time belonged to the aborigines. The time of their settlement here has never been defi- nitely fixed by history. They have never, however, been treated by historians in other than a nomadic sense; never having been recognized as citizens, or even occupants, of this continent. Therefore, we will make our bow to the illustrious precedents that have been established by historians, and pass on. We will say, then, tliat this territory was originally a part of Florida and belonged to the Spanish Government ; that the Spanish chev- alier, Fernando de Soto, with his band of followers, was the first to discover this beautiful land. This was as early as 1541. The Spanish, however, never took possession of it, and it was first occupied by the French, who, after having planted settlements along the St. Lawrence and in Canada, fitted out one of their Jesuit missionaries and sent him westward up •H^ the St. Lawrence. Thence he was to take the Mis- sissippi and follow its course. This explorer was the famous Father Marquette. He reached the great " Father of Waters " in the spring of 1673, hoisted the sails on his little bark canoes, and, with L his companions and two Indian guides, with joy un- speakable floated down the majestic river between the broad plains of Illinois and Iowa. While de- scending the Mississippi he discovered an Indian trail and immediately moored his boats and look the trail. After walking about six miles they came to an Indian village, when the inhabitants advanced to meet them, and, through their calumets, the pipe of peace was smoked. In saluting Father Marquette they addressed him in a language familiar to him. " We are Illinois," they said. " How beautiful is the sun, O Frenchman, when thou comest to see us. Our village awaits thee; thou shall enter in peace all dwellings." He remained with these hospitable people a few days and then descended the Missis- sippi River until he was satisfied that it entered into the Gulf of Mexico, when he returned, and, reach- ing the 39th degree of north latitude, entered ihe Illinois River and followed it to its soutce. He was cordially invited by the Illinois Indians to occupy its banks and remain with them. Desiring, however, to continue his travels, he declined their generous offer and was conducted by one of the ciiiefs, accompa- nied by several of his warriors, to a point near Chi- cago, if not that point, where he remained to preach ^ X 978 ■ Y. KNOX COUNTY. the Gospel to the Miamis, sending his companions back to Quebec to announce his discoveries. This may be said to be the inception of the settlement of lUinois by the Caucasian race. Father Marquette's discoveries and his fame thrilled the hearts of many adventurers in France, and among these was Robert Cavalier de la Salle. La Salle came to this country, remained awhile, and then returned to France. He sought an interview at once with Louis XIV, whom he inspired with his own enthusiasm and from whom he received a com- mission to explore the Valley of the Mississippi. He returned with a number of mechanics, military stores, merchandise, etc., in the year 1678. After leaving the St. Lawrence and Niagara Rivers and crossing Lake Erie, he reached Green Bay, and next entered St. Joseph River. At these places he established trading-posts. He then descended the Illinois River as far as Lake Peoria, where he was met by a large party of Illinois Lidians, who offered him the calu- met and with whom he formed an alliance. He was received vvith great joy, and when they learned that he was to establish a colony among them their happiness knew no bounds. Thus began the first white settlement in this fair territory. A long war arose between England and France * over the possession of this country. Peace was concluded between these two countries Feb. 10, 1763, by virtue of which France ceded to England the Canadas, Nova Scotia, Louisiana (east of the Mississippi) and her possessions on the Mississippi and Ohio, which included the territory of Illinois. At this time the white population numbered about 3,000 souls. These resided along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, the largest towns being Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Although Illinois was ceded in 1763, it was not taken possession of by England until 1765, when Capt. Sterling, sent by Gen. Gage, then Commander- in-Chief of the British forces in America, assumed control in the name of Great Britain. Illinois re- mained in the possession of the British until 1778, when Col. George Rogers Clark was secretly fitted out by the Commonwealth of Virginia with seven compa- nies, money, arms, ammunition and military stores, and clothed with all the authority he could wish. After a brief resistance, he took possession in tlie name of Virginia. Reporting his signal triumpli to the Governor of that State, the Legislature passed an act in October, 1778, establishing " As the county of Illinois all that part of Virginia west of the Ohio" (which surpassed in dimensions tlie whole of Great Britain), and appointed Col. John Todd Civil Com- mander and Lieutenant-Colonel of that county. After establishing garrisons at Kaskaskia, Cahokia and the Falls of the Ohio (on the site of Louisville), Col. Clark exerted his great influence to bring about a good feeling between the Indians and the Amer- icans. After the close of the Revolutionary War and the surrender of Cornwallis with his whole army, Oct. ig, 1781, to the Americans, a treaty of peace was signed between England and the United Colonies, by virtue of which the independence of the latter was recognized, and all the land east of the Missis- sippi and south of Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron and Superior and the Lake of the Woods, which included Illinois, was ceded to the Americaris. All this terri- tory, by virtue of the conquest thiough that renowned soldier. Col. George Rogers Clark, was claimed by Virginia ; in part it was also claimed by New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut, but, having in view the all-paramount object, a union among the States of the confederacy and the establishment of a perma- nent government, the people of these States, in- fluenced by their patriotism, ceded all their rights to this territory, which was called the Northwest Territory, to the Federal Government. Subsequently Congress, in the summer of T787, passed a general law for the government of the Territories of the United States. This law provided for a Governor, a Secretary, a court of three Judges, Representatives, and a Legislative Council, which was to be ap- pointed by Congress. The Legislature was author- ized to elect by joint ballot a Delegate to Congress. Gen. Arthur St. Clair, a distinguished officer of the Revolutionary Army, was appointed to the gov- ernorship (which was the first to be appointed to the Northwest Territory) and Commander-in-Chief of the Territory. The new government, however, was not destined to remain in peace, for the Indians again commenced hostilities, incited by English gold and also by the hope of recovering their favorite hunting-grounds. St. Clair, being in feeble health and unable to properly command his troops, was dis- astrously defeated by the Indians. To remove the disgrace of this defeat and retrieve the credit of the American arms, the gallant Gen. Wayne was sent C^ nt 1 4* h JCJVOX COUNTY. 979 out, who completely routed the Indians and once more restored peace. In 1803 a new Territory was formed, called the Territory of Indiana, which embraced the whole Northwest Territory, with the exception of that part from which Ohio was formed, and William H. Har- rison was appointed Governor. This government remained until 1S09, when another change was made and Illinois was erected into an independent Territory, with Ninian Edwards as Governor. Peace had been made, and the whole people commenced again their agricultural pursuits on ground which had been occupied by the red men. This condition remained until the second conflict with England, known as the War of 1812. A bold, daring chief, Tecumseh by name, taking advantage of this war between the two countries, incited his people again to battle, and joined the British forces, who again occupied a part of this Territory. This war was carried on chiefly in the Northwest Territory, and Gen. Harrison was one of the chief actors. The conflict was hot and decisive, and the Americans • were again victorious. The defeat of the British by I Com. Perry, on Lake Erie, and on land at the battle i of the Thames by Gen. Harrison and the gallant I Col. Johnson (in which battle Black Hawk took part), the killing of Tecumseh and the rout and slaughter of his warriors, terminated this conflict in the Northwest Territory, which was once more a peaceful part of the Republic. In 1812, under the ordinance of 1787, a Delegate was sent to Congress and a Territorial Government established. In this manner the Territory existed, with Ninian Edwards as Governor, until 181 8. The population at the close of the War of 18 12 did not exceed 12,000 souls. In 1818 the inhabitants num- bered 50,000. At the beginning of this year the people of the Territory unanimously resolved to enter the Union as a State, and instructed their Delegate, Nathaniel Pope, who was then in Congress, to bring the subject before that body and take such means as were necessary to accomplish this result. The bill for the admission of Illinois into the Union as a State was passed in April, 18 18. An election was held under the provisions of this act, for State officers, and Shadrach Bond was chosen Gov- ernor, and entered upon the discharge of his duties in October of the same year, with the seat of gov- ernment at Kaskaskia. Subsequently Ninian Ed- wards and Jesse B. Thomas were chosen Senators. In 1822 Edward Coles, an anti-slavery man, was elected to succeed Gov. Bond. In 1826 Gov. Coles' term expired, and Ninian Edwards was ele( ted to succeed him. This brings the history of the State, the principal jwintsof which have only been touched, down to the period when the settlement of Knox County begins, and at this point the former is left, that the history of the latter may be taken up. Knox County is situated in the Military Tract, and has for its boundary lines Henry County on the north, Stark and Peoria on the east, Fulton on the south and Warren and Mercer on the west. The Military Tract is situated between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, extending as far north as the northern line of Mercer County. It was so called because it was set aside by the Government for the soldiers who were in the War of 1812, and patented to them in quarter-sections. Very few of these sol- diers placed any value on this land, and a still less number entertained any idea of occupying it. But ' immigrants came, entered Government lands and " squatted " on " patent " or military lands, improved them and made them valuable. It was seldom that"< a "patentee" could be found when wanted by the settlers, and many of them believed that the owners would never be known. In a great many instances, after the patented land had been improved and ren- dered valuable, the original patent would be pre- sented by someone, who would evict the occupant, or squatter, and take possession. If he was an hon- est man, the occupant would be paid for his improve- ments; otherwise, as would often happen, he would get nothing. This condition of afl"airs invited what were very properly called, in those days, " land- sharks," who would come into this section of the country and work up cases, ostensibly for the orig- inal patentees, but in reality for themselves. Among these landsharks was Toliver Craig, who made a business of forging patents and deeds. He carried his knavery on quite extensively, and at one time had 40 forged deeds put on record at Kno.\- ville in one day. He was arrested in the State of New York in 1854, by H. M. Boggess,of Monmouth, and taken to Cincinnati, where he was lodged in jail. Here he attempted suicide by taking arsenic. He remained in jail about a year, when he was re- leased. The Legislature of the State, at its session during «- *-- -"-*• 980 KNOX COUNTY. the winter of 1822-23, l^id out into counties, together with other unorganized territory, the Military Tract. On the admission of Illinois into the Union, the ter- ritory now embraced by Knox County formed a part of Madison County. Subsequently, by an act of the Legislature, it was placed within the boundaries of Pike, the oldest county within the Military Tract. It then embraced the whole country north and west of the Illinois River. By an act of the Legislature approved Feb. 10, 1826, its present boundaries were defined, and it was attached to Fulton County for judicial and recording purposes. When the Military Tract was laid off into counties, most of them were named after the military heroes of the country. This county was named after that distinguished General and statesman, the beloved and confidential friend of Washington, Gen. Henry Knox. It is on the divide between the Illinois and the Mississippi Rivers, with the 41st parallel of north latitude running a little north of its center. It is Ivery liberally supplied with timber, and well drained by streams running east and west from the divide. .Its soil is deep and fertile and underlaid with coal- Ibeds and good building-stone. The first settlement made in this county was by Daniel Robertson, in February, 1828, who located / first on the northwest quarter of section 15, in Hen- derson Township. He was very soon followed by his brother Alexander, and his brotlier-in-law, Rich- ard Matthews. During the spring and summer fol- lowing, quite a number of settlers came in, among whom was Maj. Thomas McKee. Those who lo- cated in this neighborhood, or in Henderson Town- ship, were the only settlers who came to the county in 1828, except a man by the name of Palmer, who was noted for his eccentric habits and for his success in bee-hunting. He dwelt for awhile at the deserted Indian village on Spoon River, and then went on westward. Of these pioneers of 1828, only two are now living — Daniel Robertson and Maj. McKee. For a more particular account of these early settlers, the reader is referred to the history of Henderson Township. The first white child born in the county was a son of Mr. and Mrs. Zephaniah Gum, in January, 1829. The first couple married were Alex. Osborn and Ann Hendricks, in July, 1829. The first death in the county was that of Philip Nance, who died Jan. 7, 1829. The first school taught was by Franklin B. Barber, in 1830, in a log schoolhouse near the grove. The first sermon preached was by Rev. Jacob Gum, in a log cabin, in 1829; but the first church to organize was the Baptist, and the Universalists tame next. The first mill, or corn-cracker, was put up in 1830, on Henderson Creek. Daniel Robertson turned the first furrow in the county in 1828, with a rudely-shaped plow, which he brought with him. This plow is still in his possession. It was known as the " barshare " plow. His first crop, which was corn, yielded about 40 bushels to the acre. Thomas Sheldon, who was one of the 1828 set- tlers, returned with his family '.o Rock Island, where lie died in June, 1829. The pioneers of Knox, hear- ing of his death, sent two of their number to ascer- tain the condition of his family. It was anything but favorable. They concluded to bring the widow and her children, four in number, to Henderson, and started off Thomas McKee, with a wagon and two yoke of oxen, for this purpose. He was at this time but 19, yet he was hardy and brave, and they had ; confidence that he would do his errand well. On his return to Rock River, as there were no bridges or ferries, he started to ford it, which he accomplished successfully, though a dangerous undertaking with- out a guide. He also crossed Mill Creek safely; but a little this side his wagon got bogged, and in at- tempting to pull out he broke the neckyoke. He was obliged to return to Rock Island for a new yoke, and, returning, reached his wagon about dark. Here the party were obliged to remain all night. A heavy rain fell, and in the morning the water was up to the bed of the wagon. He unloaded and pulled the wagon out. There were some heavy goods, and among them a barrel of meat. It is to-day a won- der to the Major how he ever handled that barrel, as he had no help from the widow or her children. Going on, he again got stalled, and was obliged to unload and reload again. At Edwards River he was bogged again and had to go through the same process. Here there was a steep embankment, and he was obliged to roll the goods up this to the wagon, and by skillful engineering got them in. He came into Rio Township about dusk, and as he found a slough confronting him he concluded to rest for the night. The next day he arrived home, after a jour- r ¥ ■ V. KNOX COUNTY. -H- 981 ney of four days. The Major says he became quite well acquainted with those barrels before he arrived at home. This is a specimen of the many trials which the pioneers had to pass through at this period. There was but one traveled road in the county, which ran along the western line. This was known as the old " Galena Trail, ' and was made by the Galena miners in going to and from their homes in the central part of the State to the mines. In the fall of 1829 a settlement was made in Haw Creek by Mrs. Elizabeth Owens and family. During this year also there was a settlement made in Kno.x Township by Parry Morris, John Charles and John Montgomery, who located near the present site of Knoxville. Prior to this, in 1828, a settlement was made in the territory now embraced in Cedar Town- ship, by Asel Dorsey and family, Mr. Finch and Rev. Hiram Palmer. This settlement was increased in 1829 by Rev. Abraham D. Swartz and wife. In 1830 Joseph Wallace commenced the improvement of a farm in Orange Township. During this year the pioneers, James Millan, William Darnell and William Parmer, made a settlement in Maquon Township. Michael Fraker put him up a cabin in Lynn Township in 1830 and commenced house- keeping, and was soon found here by others. Rio was not left unoccupied this year, for Joseph Rowe, Reese Jones and Joseph Halliday came in and be- gan their pioneer labors. The settlers came in so rapidly, and there were such favorable prospects for a steady flow of emi- gration, that in the early part of 1830 the people be- gan to consider the question of the organization of the county. A meeting was called at the store of Samuel White, in Henderson Township, May 15. This store had been used as a tavern. It was a log cabin, about 16 feet square, and contained but one room. Riggs Pennington was chosen chairman of this meeting and John G. Sanburn, secretary. Among those present at this meeting were the two citizens above mentioned, and Philip Hash, Stephen Osborn, Dr. Charles Hansford (the first physician to open practice in the count)), Henry Bell, Jacob Gum, Nicholas Vailes and John D. Gum. Dr. Hansford, Riggs Pennington and John G. Sanburn were ap- pointed a committee to draft a petition to Hon. Richard M. Young, Judge of the 5th Judicial Dis- trict, {.raying for the organization of the county. An- other committee consisted of Messrs. Pennington, Hash, Hansford and Osborn to present the petition and address the Judge in behalf of the organization. This committee proceeded to Fulton County, where the court was in session, and laid their petition be- fore the Judge, who, believing that the county con- tained 350 inhabitants, the number required by law, and that it was the wish of the people of the county that an organization be had, granted the prayer of the petitioners. An order was also issued by the Court on the 10th of June, declaring the county of Knox organized and entitled to the same rights and privileges as other counties of the State. Subse- quently an order was issued by Judge Young for an election to be held on the 3d day of July, 1830, for the pur|X)se of electing three County Commissioners. This order was issued at Galena. The election was duly held, the judges and Clerks being Jacob Gum, Nicholas Vailes, Stephen Osborn, William McMurtry and Jonathan Reed. The election resulted in the unanimous choice of Riggs Pennington, Charles Hansford and Philip Hash. On July 7 the Commissioners held their first meeting at the residence of John B. Gum, who was by them chosen Clerk. Mr. Gum's house was a double log cabin, containing two rooms, and was situated on section 32, Henderson Township, and here the first seat of justice of Knox County was located. On the 9th of July the Commissioners held their second meeting. At this meeting John G. Sanburn was appointed Clerk, John B. Gum having declined to serve. The latter, however, was ap- fwinted by the Court Treasurer of the county, in which position he qualified himself by taking an oath, and filing a bond of $500. Mr. Gum was really Clerk of the county for two days, yet, inasmuch as he did not discharge any of the functions of this office, Mr. Sanburn is regarded as the first Clerk of the county. In the organization of this county, townships 12 and 13 north, range 5 east, were included within its boundaries. In t837, when Stark County was or- ganized, these two townships were taken from this county and attached to that. The town of La Fayette, in Stark, is located in this section, and consequently was originally in Kno.x County. It was through the influence of Riggs Pennington that these townships were attached to Knox County. They contained a -W" ;l_ X > KNOX COUNTY. beautiful grove, which he thought would not only add to the wealth, but materially to the beauty of this county. Hence his efforts to secure them. An election was ordered by the Court for county officers to be held Aug. i, 1830. At this lime there was but one election precinct, and the territory was larger by two townships. Jacob Gum, Nicholas Vailes and Thomas Maxwell were appointed Judges of the election. A special term of the County Com- missioners' Court was held July 17. At this session the county was divided into two districts for the election of Justices of the Peace and Constables. The election was held August 7, being the day of the gen- eral election throughout the State. Riggs Penning- ton, Philip Hash and Alexander Frakes were elected County Commissioners. The first term of the Cir- cuit Court was held on Friday, Oct. i, 1830, at the house of John B Gum. It held only one day. Having placed the pioneers in the full enjoyment of civil and political government, we will leave this line of history, which will be found in detail in another part of this work, and take up the more gen- l eral incidents connected with their history. The set- '*' tiers up to 1833 were obliged to send or go to Rush- ville for their mail, which was a great inconvenience to them. Upon petition to the Postmaster-General by the Commissioners, a post-office was established at Knoxville (then called Henderson), the county seat having been located there in January, 1831. John G. Sanburn was appointed Postmaster. The peace of the early settlers was much disturbed by the Indian troubles and the Black Hawk war, and the settlement was greatly retarded. Many of the peo- ple left the county until the war was over, and some located elsewhere. Forts had been constructed for the protection of tlie settlers, and whenever anything would occur to create a suspicion of an attack, the people, particularly the women and children, would gather into these forts. The fright and anxiety proved to be unnecessary, as there were no Indian raids in the county. One of the enemies the early settlers had to fight and to be constantly on their guard against was prairie fires. They sometimes threatened the destruction of the entire community. Sometimes these fires were caused by accident, and often through wanton- ness, or with a view of bewildering the game. The offense became so serious that persons were indicted and tried for it. The best way they had for fighting the fires was by " burning back." These fires, with their columns of livid flame mounting heavenward, were grand to look at, and, when the settlers were out of immediate danger, they would gaze on them with awe and admiration. In 1830 the big snowstorm came, which caused a great deal of suffering. Snow began to fall on the night of the 29th of December, and continued for three days. The average depth was four feet, but in places it drifted to the height of 20 feet. It re- mained on the ground until after the ist of April. The early settlers carried their produce, which was chiefly wheat and hogs, to Chicago or Peoria. The roads were oftener bad than good, and the journey was long and tedious, taking several days to make the trip. They would take their cooking utensils — frying-pan and coffee-pot, and their provisions, bread and bacon, and camp by the roadside. Prices were never very high, and, if labor and time were counted, they would be largely the losers when they returned home. Judge R. L. Hannanian, in an early day, thought he would get up a little corner on hogs. He gath- ered up some 1,300 head and drove them to Chicago, employing 16 boys to drive them. The hogs and the boys arrived at the Garden City on the 1 6th day. The hogs were slaughtered, packed and shipped to ' New York and Boston. The Judge made in this speculation $5,000 on the debit side. He states that he could have bought any quantity of land there at that time for almost nothing, but he would not take it as a gift. One of the great events in the early days of Knox Coanty was the arrival of the Galesburg Colony, a part of which came in 1836, and a part in 1837. Their advent created quite a flutter among the set- tlers, and gave the county an impetus forward that was very auspicious. They brought with them energy, brains and money, and went to work with a will that soon made them felt in the county. The party of Hugh Conger and Nehemiah West, who came overland, as they were nearing the site of their colony, on the ist of June, 1839, stopped for the night near what is now known as Victoria. They were short of provisions, and the family on whom they called had no meal. Corn was ground in a hand-mill, and then " corn-dodgers " were made for supper. The next day they dealt out their scanty supplies to the younger members of the party, and weary and hun- ^ ■H" f4=^ KNOX COUNTY. 983 gry they proceeded on their journey to Henderson Grove. Here they gathered up what they could from the settlers for supper, and took their first meal in the colony on a door from an old cabin, resting on boxes. The first national-anniversary celebration was held in Sanburn's Grove, near Knoxville, in 1836. This celebration came verj- near having everybody ia the county at its festivities. Rev. Gardner Bartlett made the opening prayer, and Hon. James Kno.x de- livered the oration. After the ceremonies were over, the procession was formed, and marching to the tables which were spread beneath the protecting boughs of shade trees, the more enjoyable part of the celebration was begun. The meats were cooked in a pit ; the other eatables were brought already prepared by the celebrators. This celebration will be remembered as long as there is anyone living who was present. For enthusiasm and hearty, patriotic • enjoyment, it probably will never be equaled in ■ Knox County. The early settlers invariably located in groves or 1 1 along the borders of timber. It was many years be- >• fore anyone had the rashness, or so little judgment, , t - _ J a I as was then thought, as to make a claim out in the I " wild prairie grass." This is not so strange when it I ' is considered that these settlers mostly had been I brought up in clearings or lived in the shelter of groves. To live out away from timber was something foreign to their habits, and then again they had no confidence in the productive qualities of this prairie soil. The cabins were rude structures for habitation, but then ihey were cheerful and homelike. The large fireplaces would send their radiating heat out, glow- ing on the domestic circle around. This served for heating, cooking and ventilation. There was seldom more than one room ; but there were always conven- ient contrivances, and a stranger or traveler was ' never turned away, though there might be a dozen in the family. There are some who are rather prone to give the dark side of pioneer life only. While there were many discomforts, and what would now be consid- ered by those accustomed to all the conveniences of modern civilization privations, yet there were many pleasures and much happiness. There were their ' quilting-bees, corn-huskings, apple-bees, for both sexes, and for the men the log-rollings and house- raisings ; and no end to the little social amusements. Then there was that grand fraternity of feeling, that bond of human sympathy, unalloyed and unaffected, which overshadowed all. There was a good deal of excitement in Knox County during the early period of its history, caused by the establishment and operation of the Under- ground Railroad, as it was called. In the settle- ment of the county there were many who did not be- lieve in human bondage, and who were willing to aid in every way possible the oppressed slave in securing his freedom. The murder of Lovejoy, at Alton, in 1837, stimulated this feeling, and largely increased the anti-sUvery party in the county. Growing out of this agitation and the formation of the anti-slavery party was the organization of what its operators were pleased to call the Underground Railroad, the object •of which was to aid the fugitive slave in his escape to the land of freedom. In this organization there were no particular signs or passwords, but each relied on the honor of the other, and their faith in the just cause that moved them. It was no place for cowards or weak-minded men, and few were connectedwith this transportation. •< They had the most bitter opiwsition from the slave- [ holders and the pro-slavery men, yet they were never daunted and never wearied in their good work. The J northern terminus of this railroad was in Canada; when once reached by the slave, he was free — free from the lash and the manacles of the slave- power, and free from the teeth of the bloodhound. At that end of the road stood Rev. Hiram Willson, ready to receive the fugitive and to provide for him. The Queen had declared in February, 1841 : "That every fuoitive from United States slavery should be protected as a British subject the moment his or her • foot touched 'the soil of the domain." Arrangements were made to have all supplies or goods shipped to the fugitives admitted free of duty. One of the peculiar features of this railroad com- pany was that, while people knew very well who was engaged in operating it, and where the depot was lo- cated, freight was seldom found after the most dili- gent search. Space will permit us to deal only with generalities on this subject. One of the princi- pal stations in Western Illinois, if not of the whole State, was Galesburg. This station was generally managed by Nehemiah West, George Davis and Samuel Hitchcock, and others. A station was at r*^ \ =^ KNOX COUNTY. the latter-named gentleman's house for many years. There was another station in Ontario at the residence of C. F. Camp. Hod Powell was generally the con- ductor here. The trains were always run through in the night-time, and there was never any whistling for down brakes or crossroads. The first record of any convention is a Democratie one, which was held in Henderson during the cam- paign of Martin Van Buren. The Whigs at this period were in the minority. The candidate's name and office for which he was running were announced by the persons voting and taken down by the Clerk of the election. The first Wliig Representative from the county was John Denny, who was elected in 1840. A year prior to this the first Anti-Slavery Society was organized. It was organized at Knoxville in the winter time, and was presided over by Wm. Holyoke. He was after- ward one of the Presidential Electors of the Liberty party in 1840, when James G. Birney ran for Presi- dent. The list of those who had the nobility and manhood at this time to come out and take a firm stand against slavery was comparatively small. There were 13 in this county who voted for Mr. Birney, and their names should be perpetuated in history. They were William Holyoke, Levi Spencer, Patrick Dunn, John McMiillin, Samuel Metcalf, Thos. Sim- mons, John G. West, L. C. Conger, G. A. Marsh, George Avery, Abram Tyler, Leonard Chapel and Horatio Foote. From this time the Liberty party increased until ihey numbered enough to hold the balance of power. In 1854-56 came the disinte- gration of the Whig and Democratic parties, and a new party was formed from these — the Liberty party, known to the world since as the Republican party, the standard of which the bold members of the Liberty party followed to victory in i860. The most exciting political contest in Illinois, probably, was that between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, in 1838, for the United States Senatorship. They had a joint debate at Gales- burg, October 7, at which were gathered some 25,- 000 people. The topic discussed was almost solely that of slavery, and the attendance here showed the interest the people had taken in it. Douglas was the successful candidate, but his election only increased the ardor of tlie Republica]is. The campaign of 1859 was a continuation of the struggle. It is claimed the Republicans of this county were the first to bring out Lincoln for the Presidency. Hon. R. W. Miles, from Persifer, sat by Abraham Lincoln at the secret caucis held in the library- room of the capitol at Springfield, held in June, 1859. This was soon after the Legislature had elected Douglas to the United States Senate, A gentlemati in making a speech said that they were going to bring out Abraham Lincoln as a candidate for President in i860. Mr. Lincoln at once arose and, with considerable emotion, exclaimed : "For God's sake, let me alone ! I have suffered enough ! " It was not, however, for Mr. Lincoln to have his way. We have somewhat anticipated in following out some leading features in the political history. In 1847 an election was held for members of the Constitutional Convention. A new constitution was prepared and submitted to the people, which was adopted in 1848. One of the provisions of this con- stitution was the establishing of a County Court and the doing away with the County Commissioners' Court. It provided for a County Judge and two As- ^ sociale Justices, if the Legislature saw proper to so order it, which it did. The last meeting of the County Commissioners''^ Court was held Oct. 12, 1849. On the 3d of Decem- ber following, the first term of the County Court was held. This court had charge of the affairs of the county until the township organization system was adopted, which was in 1853. The new constitution gave the counties the privilege of either adopting the County Court or the Supervisors. At the fall elections of 1849 a vote was taken " for " or " against township organization," which resulted in favor of it by 728 votes against 420. At this time there were 12 election precincts — Brush Creek, Pope Creek, Fraker's Grove, Victoria, Haw Creek, Spoon River, Littler Creek, French Creek, Cherry Grove, Galesburg and Knoxville. It was de- cided that the election was in favor of organization It was subsequently decided that township organiza- tion was not adopted, inasmuch as it did not receive a majority of all the votes in the county. During this discussion it was claimed by many that the law was unconstitutional. Julius Manning rendered an opinion that the township organization had not been legally adopted, which opinion was sustained by the Supreme Court of the State. In the spring of 1850 a Board of Su- pervisors \^2A elected, but it held but one ses- I t 4s KNOX COUNTY. 98s sion. The County Court ordered another election, which was held Nov. 5, 1850, the result of which was 673 votes for and 317 against organization. This was not a majority of all the legal voters in the county, and the measure was again lost. It will be seen by these elections that there was a large element against it. , Another election was subsequently held, which re- sulted in favor of township organization. On the sth day of April, t853, an election was held for Super- visors. This board held its first meeting at Knox- ville, June 6, 1S53. The last meeting of the County Court was held March 4, 1853. In the fall of 1854 the first railroad was completed through the county, which much increased its pros- perity and development. Following this came man- ufactories, the most important of which was that of Geo. W. Brown. In the spring of 1857 the Peoria Branch completed its line to Galesburg. In August, 1870, the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis Rail- road completed its track across the northwestern corner of the county, and, in the spring of 1883, the Central Iowa ran its trains across the southwestern corner. With all these lines of road crossing the county from every direction, it was given the most ample facilities for transportation. One of the most troublesome subjects ever brought up before the Board of Supervisors, and also before the people, was the removal of the county seat to Galesburg. This question began to be agitated soon after the advent of the railroads. The people of Galesburg, believing that their city was to be the important town in the county and was the railroad center, thought they ought to have the seat of justice there. Several elections were held for the purpose of voting on the removal, but each time it was de- feated. But Galesburg was growing rapidly, and she thought that her having the county seat would be only a question of time and, perhaps, a little money. April 6, 1869, another election was held. When the returns were made up the result showed 247 votes against removal. The question of fraud was raised by the Galesburg party, and the case was carried to the courts by Geo. Davis, who, on behalf of himself and the people of the county, brought suit against the Board of Supervisors and county officials to im- peach the election returns and purge the poll-book of illegal returns. The case came up in the Circuit Court of the county, when a change of venue was • -^ taken to the Circuit Court of McDonough County. It was called up at the September term of 187 1, when Judge Higbie decided, after throwing out what he decided to be illegal votes, in favor of the removal of the seat of justice to Galesburg. The Knoxville patty took an appeal to the Su- preme Court of the State, when, after some three years from the time of the holding of the election, Judge Walker rendered a decision confirming the de- cree of the lower or Circuit Court. Jan. 30, 1873, the Board of Supervisors ordered all records to be moved to Galesburg. Wagons were in waiting at Knoxville pending the order, and it lives yet vividly in the memory of many, that no public records were ever transferred with such rapid dispatch as those from Knoxville to Galesburg. It took a long time to get them started, but when they did move, they went as though they were on the wings of air; and here, in charity, perhaps, it is well to drop this subject and " lay this sheet of sorrow on the shelf." The Board of Supervisors held their first meeting in the new county seat, Feb. 27, 1873. In consider- 1, ation of the removal of the county seat to Galesburg that city officially and the citizens individually gave the county the following lands and money : A deed , to the lots on Cherry street ; a deed to the lots where now stands the jail ; a deed from the city of Gales- burg for the east half of College Park, provided the court-house should be constructed thereon. The city also agreed to furnish a court-room for ten years, and to pay all expenses incurred in removal of the county records and property ; and also gave two cer- tificates of $2,000 each, and $2,000 toward the build- ing of a jail. At their meeting in January, 1874, the Board of Supervisors ordered all the county prop- erty in Knoxville, consisting of the court-house and jail, to be deeded to the city of Knoxville for the consideration of one dollar. A grand county build- ing has been commenced on the site donated by the city, and it is expected that it will be completed by the end of this year. The jail was completed in t874, and is a credit to the county. When the Rebellion broke out, and a call to arms was made, Knox County was among the first to re- spond, and made during that long and bloody con- flict an enviable reputation for her patriotism and devotion to the country. t t ■*-^ 986 KNOX COUNTY. Knox County has 20 full townships, all of which are subject to a high state of cultivation. This would give her 460,800 acres of land, hardly an acre of which but what could advantageously be tilled. It is claimed for one of its townships, Ontario, that for richness of soil and completeness of cultivation it is equal to any township in the country. The population of this county in 1880 was 38,344, with an assessment value, as shown by the reports of 1885, of $6,305,295 on lands ; town lots, $1,954,641 ; personal property, $2,833,922. For beauty of location, for richness of soil, for its railroad facilities, for its educational institutions, and the culture of its people, Knox County is unsur- passed by any county in the State. From the time of the settlement of the" Robertsons, it has been steadily developing, improving its farms, building railroads and manufactories, establishing extensive business towns, erecting church edifices and institu- tions of learning until it stands out to-day in beauti- ful, bold relief, a complete civilization, wrought out from a wilderness within a half century, and com- manding the admiration of the world. There are four old settlers living who have been closely identified with the county almost from its first settlement, whom we think it would not be out of place to mention before closing this sketch, and in doing so we think it will give pleasure to all, and these are Maj. Thomas McKee, George W. Brown, Judge Dennis Clarke and Judge Robert L. Hanna- man. These worthy pioneers and noble citizens, while they have, with but one exception, never been possessed of very much of this world's goods, yet their hearts have ever been ready to sympathize, and their hands ever prompt to help the poor, the unfort- unate and afflicted. Many a widow, many an orphan, many a poor man has had frequent occasion to bless them for their acts of kindness. c^rr .j^\^}01PTS^K o.gia-° » lo IVIL Government was inaug- urated in Knox County, July 7, 1830, by the assembling of the County Commissioners and the organization of the ("ounty Comraissioners'Court at the residence of John B. Gum, on section 32, Hen- ^^f^i^f derson Township, then the temporary "^ seat of justice. The court was com- posed of Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash and Charles Hansford. There was but little business transacted at this session beyond that of organizing One of the first orders made was to grant a license to Samuel S. White to keep a tavern, which they were careful to give under certain restrictions. As they may be interesting to the newer generation, they are given below : For each half pint of whisky, he was allowed to charge i2j4 cents; half pint of brandy, 18?^ cents; for each half pint of wine, 25 cents ; for each meal of victuals, 25 cents; for lodging for one person one night, 25 cents ; for a feed of corn or oats for a horse, T2^ cents; for feed and stabling for a horse one night, 25 cents. About the next order of the Commissioners was one given to the Clerk, who was requested to notify the Postmaster-General " that the county of Knox is organized, and that the seat of justice for said county is at the residence of John B. Gum, Esq., and re- quest him to supply the said county with mail as soon as practicable." Knox had been attached to Fulton for judicial O I i KNOX COUNTY. 987 purposes, and this year the assessment of taxes had been made by the Assessor of Fulton. The Commis- sioners requested of the Commissioners of FuUon County to be allowed to collect all taxes for the past year, the assessment of which had been made by that county. This request was granted, and Sheriff Osborn was directed to make the collection. Mr. Osborn collected, after riding over the entire county, $19.32, and his commissions on the same were $1,563^. The first session of the Circuit Court opened on Friday, Oct. i, T830, Hon. Richard M. Young presiding ; John G. Sanburn, Clerk ; Stephen Osborn, Sheriff, and James M. Strode, State's Attorney pro tent., in absence of Thomas Ford. The session lasted only one day, but little business was transacted, and the juries were discharged. In December there was another session of the Commissioners' Court, beginning Monday, the 6th. At this term the Commissioners made an order to pay themselves for their services, which, at least, could not be called exorbitant charges, allowing for their salary about 50 cents a term. Sheriff Osborn was T)aid $3 for attendance at all the terms. The sum of I4 was appropriated to pay John B. Gum for the use of his house for court and election pur- poses. In March, 1831, Treasurer Gum made his report, which was the first made in Knox County. The largest revenue at this period was from the State; the tax on personal property was }^ of i per cent. About this time began to be considered the pro- priety of having a court-house and of building up a town. An act was procured from the Legislature locating the county seat and authorizing the Com- missioners to lay off the town. The county seat was laid off on section 28, township 11 north of range 2 east, and was christened Henderson, but was after- ward changed by the Legislature to Knoxville. This act of the Legislature, which also defined the bound- aries of the county, was approved by the Governor, Jan. 15, 1831. The next imix)rtant act of the Commissioners was the erection of a court-house. At a special meeting held March 12, 1831, they adopted plans and sub- mitted them to the public, with the announcement that the contract for the erection of the building would be let to the lowest bidder. The contract for the erection of the building was let to VVm. Lewis, and for the completion to Parnach Owen. The total cost of this court-house, with furniture as itemized, was as follows: Erection of building, $78; comple- tion of same, $100; six extra windows, $6; chinking, daubing, underpinning, $37-5°; upper floor, $i8; judges' stand, tables, benches and fitting window, $43; stove and pipe, $38, and laying of floor, stair- way and window shutters, $74.93. Total, $395.43. And yet this building was thought at this time to be rather an imposing structure. This building stood on the northwest corner of lot 10, block 5. Even as small as this sum was, the Commissioners had to advance money to the contractors to enable them to finish their work. Parnach Owen, who was the first Surveyor of the county, was employed to lay off the county seat, for which he received i2j4 cents per lot of one quarter- acre each. To Andrew Osborn was let the job of furnishing the posts and stakes, for which he received $15. Owen's job amounted to $18.25. This site was on " Congress land," and conse- quently the Legislature had no power to convey title. This power rested with the U. S. Government. The ^ County Commissioners could, however, pre-empt it for county purposes, and this was done. Rees Jones was sent to the Land-Oflice at Springfield and made , the necessary pre-emption. The price was $1.25 per acre, and embraced one quarter-section. Rees Jones was paid $8 for his services. Saturday, April 23, 1831, was the day appointed by the Commissioners' Court for the public sale of lots. Settlers attended this sale from all parts of the county. The lots were readily sold and at very fair prices. There were 79 lots sold, aggregating $1,256. The highest price paid for a lot was $61, and the lowest was $2. These Commissioners were liberal-minded and awake to the wants of their fellow creatures. They did not want them to come there and stay all day bidding on lots and go home hungry; accordingly they provided refreshments for them, and at tlie next meeting of their court paid to Morton Carver $1.75 from the county funds. Corn dodgers and wliisky were cheap in those days. The Commissioners of those days were very judi- cious and very careful of the use of the public money. They were exceedingly particular that the law h^^ -H- -0- KNOX COUNTY. \ should be strictly complied witli. There is no set- tlement long without its poor people. Knox County had them, but her people were very liberal and charitable to them. In May, 1831, the first record appears of a pauper, who was let by the County Com- missioners' Court to Stephen Osborn. In the fall of 1832 William McMurtry was ap- pointed Commissioner of School Lands, Abraham D. Swartz having declined the position the year before. He served in this capacity many years and proved a most excellent officer, advancing the educational in- terests of the county very much. He gave bonds in the sum of $12,000, which was large for those days. A session of the Circuit Court was held in June. The Grand Jury made their report, stating " that they had no business before them, and that they knew of no violation of law which it was made their duty to report." There is no community but has its bad characters, who are either members of it or are passing through. Knox County was not an exception to this rule, and the Commissioners, indorsed by the people, decided that they should have a jail. A contract was accord- ingly let to John G. Sanburn to build a jail, which was to cost $250. Though this sum was not large, yet the Commissioners deducted $5 25 from it before they accepted the work, and this was not done until June 7, 1838, though the jail had been completed and occupied for several years. It was constructed of logs and was 20 feet square, and stood on the west side of the Square. It seems that in those days the people had some idea of high license, for we find the Commissioners in 1834 increasing the tavern or saloon license to $5, while they reduced the price of whisky to 61^ cents per half pint. It is probable they saw in the traffic of spirits too great a profit, and, having the welfare of their people in view, reduced the price. License for peddling clocks was raised the year following from $12.50 per year to $50 per year. Undoubtedly the Commissioners saw that these peddlers were im- posing on their constituency, and raised the license to keep them out of the county. One of the provisions of the law in those times was that slock was allowed to run at large, having certain ear-marks, which it was made the duty to have recorded by the County Clerk. In each coun- ty seat was an estray-pen, where all unknown and unclaimed stock was confined. For many years, or until 1837, Henry County was attached to this county for judicial purposes, and embraced at that time a part of Whiteside County. All taxes were collected over this territory by Knox County, and elections were ordered and Judges ap- pointed by the Commissioners. Licenses were granted, roads opened and other matters were at- tended to by them. The increase in population required, in the minds of the Commissioners, an increase in court-house facilities, and accordingly we find them in Septem- ber, 1836, ordering the Clerk to advertise for plans. On the loth of March, 1838, the contract was let to Alvah Wheeler and Zelotes Cooley for $15,450, and it was to be completed by May i, 1840. A cupola was afterward added at an expense of $725. (See article on court-house.) The Commissioners ordered that the old court-house be sold at public auction on the rst of April, 1840, and it was bid off to Alvah Wheeler for $89.50. It was subsequently moved about a mile west of Knoxville, onto Mr. Wheeler's farm. Prior to the building of the new court-house, or in 1836, the old court-house was moved from its original site to a lot on the corner of Smith and West-* streets. It was moved by John Carnes for $67.50. The old site was ordered to be subdivided into nine lots by the Commissioners, and sold. Eight of these ' lots sold for $39.01 each, the other lot sold for $37.50. Soon after the completion of the new court-house it was determined by the County Commissioners' Court to have a new jail. At their January term, 1841, a contract was let to Zelotes Cooley for $8,724. This contract was rescinded and another made with Alvah Wheeler, who in 1845 completed the building. It is now used for a tenement-house. Prisoners escaped from this new jail as well as the old. There were many horsethieves in those days, and they were very bold and troublesome to the settlers. In order to protect themselves and to get rid of these thieves, if possible, the citizens banded together and formed what was known as the " Knox County Society for the Detection of Thieves." In this they had the co-operation of the Commissioners, who, in 1845, offered a reward of $50 for the detection of anyone stealing a horse. The last meeting of the Commissioners' Court was Oct. 12, 1849. At this time Manyweather Brown, Alfred Brown and Amos Ward were members, and i ^H- J^AOX COUNTY. 989 all were present. After transacting the business they had before them they adjourned " until court in course," but they never met again. And thus passed away this institution of county government, to the economical administration of which the counly of Knox was much indebted for its favorable finan- cial beginning and its continuous prosperity. County Court. ^a^ ^ |.'N Dec. 3, 1S49, the first term of the County Court was held. The duties of this court were, in a legislative capacity, identically the same as those of its predecessor, the Coun- ty Commissioners' Court. In addition to the legislative power, the members of this court, under the act by which it was established, were al- lowed the exercise of judicial authority, having the same jurisdiction as Justices of the Peace. It con- sisted of a County Judge and two Associate Justices. The Judge and the .\ssociates acted together in the transaction of county business only. The Justices had an equal vote with the Judge and received the same salary while holding court, which was §2 a day. Two of the three constituted a quorum for the transaction of business. George C. Lan|)here was the first County Judge, with James M. Hunter and Alfred Brown as Associate Justices. During the existence of this court township organization was brought forward, discussed and finally adopted, which relieved this body from further charge of county matters. Its last meeting was held March 4, 1853, when it adjourned sine die. Board of Supervisors. URING the spring elections of 1853 a Board of Supers-isors was elected, which consisted of one Supervisor from each V)i% township, there being 20 townships. This ^ Board held its first session June 6, 1853, in the i court-house at Knoxville. At this meeting 16 townships were represented by the following-named Supervisors: Daniel Meek, W. S. Gale, Reuben Hefiin, J. P. West, G. W. Manly, J. M. Foster, S. S. Buffum, J. C. Stanley, Augustus Lapham, W. M. Clark, J. H. Nicholson, J. L. Jarnagin, E. P. Dun- lap, Peter Frans, Asa Haynes and E. Crane. This Board proved very competent in the administration of the affairs of the counly. The Board first organized by electing Daniel Meek Chairman. The first order made by thein was that the Clerk issue an order on the Treasurer, in favor of John Miller, for §9, for extra labor as Road Super- visor for the year 1852 in Road District No. 27. The Board of Supervisors for Knox County has generally been comix)sedof men of broad, expansive ideas, progressive, and partaking largely of that character of human kindness so commendable. It was but a few years after their first assembling when they took measures to provide a suitable place tor the poor and demented people of the county. The main building and the west wing were com- pleted in 1866, and in 1877 the east wing was fin- ished. When the Rebellion broke out the Board of Super- visors were unflinching in their patrotism and untir- ing in their zeal to do all in their power for the pieservation of the Union. To them in a great measure was the State indebted for the ever prompt response of the people of Knox County to the call for soldiers. In the early part of 1874 the Supervisors con- tracted for the erection of a new jail, which was completed in the fall of the same year. One of the most important acts of the Board of Supervisors was the order for the erection of the new court-house, which was made in April, 1884. The action of the Board was almost unanimous in this matter. Plans were adopted and contracts were let soon after. As this may justly be regarded as the crowning act in the administration of the Board of Supervisors, this brief sketch will close with the names of the members under whose direction the building was commenced, and who were a committee on con- struction : R. H. Mathews, Milton B. Harden, J. S. Latimer, James Paden, W. S. Gale, Geo. W. Foote, S. H. Olson, M. D. Cooke, Thos. McKee, Samuel Rankin, W. May, L. A. Townsend, Luther Clark, A. G. Charles, H. Montgomery, William Robson, J. M. Allen, Jason Boynton, James Reb- stock, E. J. Wyman,W. H. Leighton, J. W. Andrev^s, John Sloan, W. H. Parker, C. P. Sansbury, Sr., W. B. Todd. H^ i^ 990 KJVOX COUNTY. HERE is no profession that occupies so important a po- sition in our political or so- cial system as the legal. It is associated with the closest of. family ties, and is often solicited to adjust disputes and misunderstandings which are in their nature most vital to the peace and happiness of domestic life. To this profession are we also in- debted for our constitutions and our laws, and, in a great measure, the management and direction of our political system. On it must we depend for the enforcement of our laws, the punishment of its violators, and the maintenance of peace and good order in our communities. The judicial system of Knox County, as at present constituted, may be di- vided into the Justices' Courts, County Court and the Circuit Court. Philip Hash was the first Justice .of the Peace of tlie county. Circuit Court. 'he first term of the first Circuit Court held in Knox County was opened Friday, Oct. i, 1830, at the residence of John B. Gum, in Henderson Township, section 32. Officers present: Richard M. Young, Judge; John G. Sanburn, Clerk; Stephen Osborn, Sheriff; James M. Strode, Attorney J>ro tern. The first order was for spreading on the records previous orders for the organization of the county. The next order of Judge Young was one appointing John G. Sanburn Clerk of the Circuit Court, made June 10, 1S30. On July 5, he made an order fixing the days for the holding of the court, which was in such places as may be selected and provided by the County Commissioners' Court, on the Thursday after the fourth Monday in June, and the Friday after the first Monday in October. , FIRST GRAND JURY. The Sheriff returned into court a panel of the Grand Jurors, consisting of the following named persons, to wit : Wm. McMurtry, Hiram Palmer, Parnach Owen, Benj. Coy, James Reynolds, John B. Gum, Wm. Lewis, John Vaughn, Chas. Hansford, James Mc- Murtry, Alex. Robertson, Daniel Robertson, Robert Grunwell, Solomon Denbow, Alex. Oshorn and Jacob Gum. The jury, after having been sworn, retired to their room. The jury soon returned into court, made a report in relation to the jail, which was ordered to be filed. They also stated to the Court that there were no cases for them to examine and asked to be discharged, which was done by the Court. The Petit Jurors were called and answered to their names. There being no cases before the court for them to try, they were ordered to be discharged. On the second day, it appearing that there was no other business before the court but to order that the County Commissioners' Court pay Stephen Os- born, Sheriff of Knox County, for two days' service of the court, and then it was ordered that the court adjourn " until court in course." The next term, June, 1832, was more remarkable =4^ ■ » KNOX COUNTY. 991 -^ than the first. They had a Grand Jury, but it was at sea ; it had no business before ii and knew of no \'iolations of law, and asked that they be discharged, which was done. There being no cases on the docket, either criminal or c\\\\, the court adjourned. The first case heard before the court was a suit for divorce by Rhoda Tanner, complainant, against John Tanner, at the October term, 1832. This case was continued for the defendant's answer this term, and was finally disposed of at the September term, 1S34, by granting the prayer of the complainant. The first murder trial was that of John Root, a Swede, from Henry County. He had been educated as an American, but became a'tached to a young Swedish girl who had recently came over from Sweden, and who belonged to the Bishop Hill colony. A man by the name of Eric Jansen was the auto- crat of this colony and refused to allow Mrs. Root to leave it to live with her husband among the Americans. Mr. Root brought suit against Jansen at Cam- bridge, and while the case was pending, shot and killed him in the court-room, while the people were mostly out at dinner. Root was indicted for murder and was brought to Knoxville for trial, where he was con\'icted of manslaughter and sentenced by the court to the penitentiary. He served about a year and was pardoned. Ephraim J. Young was tried for murder at the Oc- tober term of 1857, and was sentenced for man- slaughter for a term of six months. The most important murder trial was that of John M. Osborne for the murder of Mrs. Adelia M. Math- ews, about a mile west of Yates City, Aug. 5, 1872. He was a short time in the army, and subsequent- ly became a member of the " Western Bandits." He was sent, for crimes committed while with this band of outlaws, to the penitentiary of Iowa for two and a half years. After his release he came to Mc- Donough County under the name of Frank Clark, and worked awhile. From there he came to Gales- burg and remained awhile. In 1871 he went to live with his aunt near Yates City, where he married his cousin. He then went to work for Mr. Mathews, the husband of the murdered woman. On the day of the murder he went to the house of Mr. Mathews, where he found Mrs. Maihews alone. As she was going down cellar for some butter for his dinner he followed, and while she was stooping over to take some butter out of a tub. he struck her on the back of the head with a brickbat, then with a board, and finally cut her throat with a knife. He did not run away, but joined in the pursuit of the murderer. Suspicion was finally directed to Osborne ; he was arrested, indicted at the October term of Court, 1872, and at the February term of 1873 was tried and convicted of murder in the first degree. After a most e.vciting trial of eight days, he was sentenced on February 20 to be hung. He was executed in the jail yard at Knoxville and was buried in Hope Cem- etery. State's Attorney J. J. Tunnicliff prosecuted the case, assisted by K. M. Craig. George W. Kretz- inger and A. L. Humphrey defended the prisoner. This was the first and only criminal executed in Knox County. Following the above there were several trials for murder, none of which resulted in more than a peni- tentiary sentence. The most important of these was that of Frank Rande, who had several aliases, but whose real name was Charles C. Scott, who was from Fairfield, Iowa, and tried for what was known as the Gilson murder. It occurred Sunday aftern xjn, Aug. 5, 1877. A burglary had been committed, tracks discovered of the burglar, and pursuit was made by a number of armed people. He fired several shots, wounded Willie Helter, James Pickrel, Charles Mc- Kown, and killed Charles Belden. He escaped, but was subsequently captured in St. Louis, Mo., after killing one of the officers in their attempt to arrest him. He was also wounded. He was brought back to Knox County, and after a long and exciting trial, in which State's Attorney J. J. Tunnicliff nobly ac- quitted himself, was found guilty and sentenced to the penitentiary for life. Another noted murder trial was that of Belle Spaulding for the killing of Martin O'Connor, for- merly her husband. This was an affair of jealousy. O'Connor had been riding out with a woman by the name of May Robinson, and returned to the livery stable at the same time that Belle did, who had been driving with Carrie Reed. Belle reproached May for keeping company with O'Connor, and a furious combat of words ensued, during which O'Connor withdrew. Returning to the stable. Belle commenced on him, quarreling with him as they walked along Simmons street. They had proceeded but a little way when Belle drew a re%'olver and shot her for- mer husband twice, inflicting a mortal wound. He =Jt^ ^-f- e4--^ 992 KNOX COUNTY. '~¥ L died within an hour. After shooting, Belle shot her- self, the ball entering her left breast. For several day's she was hovering between life and death, but finally recovered sufficiently to be taken to the jail. She was the daughter of Dr. J. W. Spaulding, who was at one time one of the leading physicians of Galesburg. She was tried and acquitted. The officials of the court and the members of the bar did not have in the early days the luxurious modes of travel nor the pleasant places of habita- tion that they now enjoy, neither was it possible to surround the court with that dignity which has al- ways been thought necessary, and which our modern civihzalion offers. Judge Richard M. Young and State's Attorney Thomas Ford were wont during the early times to travel about their extensive district together. On one occasion, while going from Galena to Knoxville, they wandered from the main trail and became lost. They traveled on, but failed to reach their destination or any other habitation. Night came on and they found themselves in darkness, and in a strange country without food or shelter. They made their bed upon Mother Earth in the wild forest, and passed the night. When daylight dawned they arose and started on their journey, but failed to reach the little log court-house in the new town of Knox- ville. At last they came to Mrs. Elizabeth Owen's cabin in Haw Creek Township, and from there were directed to Knoxville. The tavern at Knoxville was a double-room log cabin, in which there was also a store, both kept by Mr. Newman. There was a low garret, and into this place the two principal officers of the court were directed for their nightly repose. A ladder was placed in one corner, on which they as- cended, and after groping around for awhile laid themselves down on their rude couches for that sleep that comes to the high and the low. Judge Young was afterward a distinguished United States Senator, and Attorney Ford Governor of the State. Probate Court. ?HE Probate Court was established under a law passed in 1836, which provided for a * Probate Justice of the Peace, who had charge of all probate matters, and who was also vested with the same power and jurisdic- tion in civil cases as was given to Justices of the Peace. The first term of this court was held Aug. 26, 1836, with H. J. Runkle presiding. The first act of this court was to issue letters of admin- istration to Peter Godfrey, on the estate of Joseph Godfrey. Judge Runkle served until 1837, and was succeeded by R. L. Hannaman. This system re- mained in force until 1849, when a County Court was established. f?tfeti±t* County Court. 1849, the General Assembly, under the constitution of 1848, passed an act, which was approved February 12, providing for a '6^ court of record to be styled the County Court, i>^ andtobepresidedoverby a County Judge. Un- der this act the County Court was vested with all the powers and jurisdiction heretofore vesting in the Probate Court ; and in addition thereto, it was further provided that the County Judge, with two associates, should sit as a County Court and have all the powers that were vested in the Commissioners' Court, the latter under this act being aboHshed. The first term of this Court was held Dec. 3, 1849, Judge George C. Lanphere presiding. This court had charge of county matters until the organization of the Board of Supervisors, in 1853. In 1872 the General Assembly passed an act giv- ing it concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit Court in all civil cases, where the value of property in con- troversy should not exceed $500; and in all criminal cases, where the punishment was not imprisonment in the penitentiary or death. Judges, State's Attorneys and Members of the Bar. ■ift IfePACE will only permit a brief history of the |F Judges who have presided at Knoxville and jjjp^H Galesburg, and of the State's Attorneys fjl^ and members of the bar. Hon. Richard M. \h Young, who resided at Galena, was the first Judge to preside in this circuit. In 1833 he transferred his residence to Quincy. He remained in office until January, 1837, when he resigned to take his place in the United States Senate. He was born in Kentucky, and was among the first settlers in Northern Illinois. He was of unimpeachable character, a good lawyer, and did much to give tone and dignity to the bench and the bar. This circuit was changed to the loth, then to the i-i- «tt I KNOX COUNTY. 993 i 8th, and back again to the loth, embracing, as it is constituted at present, the counties of Knox, War- ren, Mercer, Henderson, Henry and Rock Island. Hon. James H. Ralston, also a native of Ken tucky, succeeded Judge Young. He resigned the same year on account of ill health. In 1840 he was elected to the State Senate. Hon. Peter Lott, formerly from New York, succeeded Judge Ralston, and served till January, 1841. He was afterward apixjinted Circuit Clerk of Adams County, and served until 1852. He went West and died in Kansas. Hon. Stephen A. Douglas was elected as Judge of the District in 1841, and continued in office until the summer of 1843. when he resigned to take his seat in the United States Congress. The ability he showed as a judge and his popularity on the bench were accessories to his political elevation. His sociability also made him popular. While a suit was pending he watched every point of law, and kept track of all the proceedings, while at the same time he would leave the bench, go back among the spectators — " the boys " — talk with Tom, Dick or Bill, take or give a cigar, and enjoy a social smoke with them, oftentimes '"^ sitting on their laps, at the same time closely follow- ing the cause on trial. Hon. Jesse B. Thomas succeeded Judge Douglas, and served until 1S45, when he resigned. He had a clear, judicial mind, and made an excellent judge, discharging his duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. He was subsequently ap- pointed to another circuit and died soon after. Hon. Norman H. Purple was the next jirdge to preside over this circuit. He was elected in 1845, and served till 1849, when he resigned. He was dis- tinguished for his legal attainments and executive ability. Hon. William A. Minshall, a native of Tennessee, was elected in May, 1849, and served till his death, in October, 1851. He had been prominent in poli- tics before his election, having been a member of the Legislature and also of the Constitutional Conven- tion. He was a good lawyer and an excellent judge. He has been dead these many years. Hon. William Kellogg succeeded Judge Minshall, and remained on the bench till 1852. He was from Canton, and was an eminent lawyer and made a fair and impartial judge. He has been dead some years. Hon. H. M. Weed presided on the bench from ' X- 1852 to 1855. He was a fair lawyer, but did not achieve much distinction as a judge. He died in Peoria. Hon. John S. Thompson, from Mercer County, served from 1855 to i860, and again from i860 to 1864. He was not brilliant, but was a careful judge and gave general satisfaction. He went to California, where he accumulated a fortune and is still living to enjoy it. Hon. Aaron Tyler, from Knoxville, served from i860 to 1861. He was only a medium lawyer, and achieved no special distinction as a judge. He was appointed to fill a vacancy. He died in Knoxville some years ago. Hon. Charles B. Lawrence presided on the bench from 1 86 1 to 1864. As a lawyer he was good in all branches of the profession, except in criminal cases. He presided with distinction, and was an ornament to the bench. He was one of the ablest judges that ever presided in this circuit. He was promoted to the bench of the Supreme Court of the State, where , he remained several years, adding new laurels to his judicial fame. His health giving way, he made a visit to the South in 1884, with the hope that change jU of air and rest would restore his physical power and renew his vital energies. But it was too late. He died before he reached home, and his remains were , brought back and interred in Mount Hope Ceme- tery, at Galesburg. Joseph Sibley served from 1866 to 1867. He was a fair judge, discharging his duties faithfully. This (toth) Judicial District is represented at pres- ent by three judges : Arthur A. Smith of Galesburg, John J. Glenn of Monmouth and Geo. W. Pleas- ants of Rock Island. Tiie judges divide their work between them, but generally arrange so that they sit in the courts of their respective counties. Arthur A. Smith assumed the ermine in the fall of 1867. He was reared in this county, where he secured his legal education. He is a a good, sound lawyer, and a man of strict integrity. John J. Glenn was elected in 1877. He had distinguished himself as a lawyer and advocate before he was promoted to the bench, and had a good practice. Judge Glenn is a man of fine executive ability, very ready and clear in his solution of legal questions, sound in his judicial decisions, and irreproachable. He is noted, also, for the large amount of judicial business dispatched during his sessions of court. T %. ^^ 994 js:jvox county. Geo. W. Pleasants was elected to this circuit in 1879, but seldom presides at Galesburg. He is well- read in his profession, of good executive ability, very correct in his decisions, and conscientious in the dis- charge of his duties. In 1877 this circuit was changed from the 8th to the loth. The 8th Circuit, comprising Knox, Warren and Henderson Counties, was consolidated with the Northern Circuit, consisting of Mercer, Henry and Rock Island Counties, and is now called the 10th Judicial District. -^^- State's Attorneys. ELOW is given a brief notice of the % State's Attorneys of the districts of which "^ Knox County has formed a part. One of the most talented and distinguished of all the bright galaxy of men who have held this position in this District was the first, Hon. Thomas Ford, who served from the organization of * the county to 1835. He possessed a high and noble mind and was an assiduous law student, untiring in his application to his professional duties, and of strict integrity. He was, subsequent to his retirement from this office, elected Judge of one of the north- ern districts. In 1842 he was elected Governor of Illinois. His term of office embraced the period of the Mormon and Mexican Wars, which was a very critical era in the history of the State. He discharged his trusts, however, with eminent ability. He was a man also of literary tastes and wrote one of the most authentic histories of the State ever publislied. He was born in Uniontown, Pa., in the year 1800, and died at Peoria, 111., Nov. 2, t8so. The successor of Mr. Ford was Wm. A. Richard- son, who served till 1837. Like his predecessor, his character and public services are too well known to require much comment. He had the perseverance and courage to carry out his convictions, and was conscientious in the discharge of his official duties. He was an able lawyer and a fine advocate. Henry L. Bryast followed Mr. Richardson, serv- ing from 1837 to 1839. He was a good lawyer and acquitted himself in this office creditably. Wm. Elliott was the next incumbent. He served the long period of 11 years. He was an able law- yer, successful before a jury, and distinguished him- self as a prosecuting attorney. He was a warm- hearted, genial man and much attached to his friends. R. S. Blackwell, from Rushville, succeeded Mr. Elliott. He was one of the most distinguished law- yers in the State, and had no superior at this bar. He was pre-eminent in criminal practice, and a great advocate, carrying most of the attorneys and jury with him. In social intercourse he was a desirable companion, possessing great wit and fine conversa- tional powers. Harman G. Reynolds, from Rock Island, served as attorney from 1852 to 1854. He made a fair prose- cutor. After his term expired he moved to Spring- field, where he lived awhile, and then went to Kan- sas. William C. Goudy, from Fulton County, succeed- ed Mr. Reynolds, serving in Knox County for about one year. Mr. Goudy was a genial man, a good lawyer and advocate, discharging his duties as Prose- cuting Attorney with ability and satisfaction to the public. He was a prominent politician, taking part in all the conventions of his party, which was Demo- cratic, and was a member of the State Senate at one time. He moved to Chicago and is still in practice there, James H. Stewart was Mr. Goudy 's successor. He was elected and re-elected, serving ten years, until 1865. Mr. Stewart was an able lawyer and a good prosecuting attorney. James A. McKenzie served from 1865 to r872. He was a strong prosecutor, eloquent in his addresses before a jury, and very effective. J. J. Tunnicliff succeeded Mr. McKenzie in 1872, and is the present incumbent, having been three times re-elected. He was born in Penn Yan, N. Y., March 17, i84r, and was educated at Hamilton Col- lege, N. Y. Mr. Tunnicliff is a good lawyer and an able advo- cate. He is one of the best prosecuting attorneys that has ever held the position in this district. He is indefatigable in the trial of a cause, careful in all the details, and forcible in his arguments before a jury. It is very seldom that a criminal brought be- fore him escapes punishment. 4-11- 3e= i :^ KNOX COUNTY. 995 Attorneys. ULIUS MANNING was one of the most |g^ brilliant lawyers of the Knox County bar, and had in his day few equals in the State. He was born in Canada, but was educated at ^P Middlebiirg College, N. Y. He came to 1 Knoxville in 1839, and opened his office with Hiram Swift, under the firm name of Manning & Swift. The latter died at an early age. He was a well-read lawyer, but not brilliant. In 1844, Man- ning formed a partnership with Robt. L. Hannaman, under the name of Manning & Hannaman, which partnership continued for seven years. In 1853 Mr. Manning moved to Peoria. He was at one time County Judge, member of tlie Legisla- ture, and member of the Constitutional Convention. He was a man of fine appearance, an eloquent speaker, and almost unrivaled before a jury. He died July 4, 1862, at Knoxville, and his remains were interred in Knoxville Cemetery. Robt. L. Hannaman, one of the first men to open practice in Knox County, was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1803. He received a common-school educa- tion, and then studied surveying. He subsequently studied law and was admitted to practice in 183 1. When he first came to Knoxville he embarked in the mercantile business. In 1837 he was elected Pro- bate Justice and was re-elected, holding the position until 1849. In 1844 he formed a partnership with Julius Man- ning, which was dissolved in i8sr. Subsequently Mr. Hannaman formed a partnership with T. J. Hale, and aftenvard Clayton Hale came in, the firm being then Hannaman, Hale & Co. This firm con- tinued until the war broke out, and the junior partner went into the army. The old firm was continued until Hale was elected Circuit ClerL Judge Han- naman was a good lawyer, both as a counselor and an advocate, conscientious and successful. (See biography.) Curtis K. Harvey was a very prominent and prom- ising young lawyer of Galesburg. He was born in Knoxville and educated at Knox College, where he was graduated. He was admitted to the bar in 1869, and subsequently formed a partnership with Leander Douglass, of Galesburg. He was a man of fine ability, talented, and an eloquent and forcible pleader. He died March 2, 1878, in the prmie of life and just at the beginning of what promised to be useful and successful career. Hon. G. C. Lanphere, recently deceased, was one of the reliable and prominent members of the bar for many years. PRESENT ME.MBERS OF THE BAR. The present bar is composed of Robt. L. Hanna- man, J. J. TunnicIiflT, James A. McKenzie, George Tunnicliff, O. P. Cooley, George W. Thompson, George A. Lawrence, Edgar A. Bancroft, Zelotes Cooley, A. M. Brown, Albert J. Perry, W. C. Calk- ins, Arthur A. Smith, Jr., E. P. Williams, Fletcher Corney. F. A. Willoughby, F. S. Murphy, Geo. W. Prince, Wm. B. Bradford, Chas. S. Harris, A. C. Mason, J. L. Hastings, J. B Boggs, R. C. Hunt, Eugene W. Welch, Josiah Gale, Wm. Andrews, F. F. Cook, T. L. McGirr, J. L. Wells, L. K. Byers, A. S. Curtis, E. H. West, P. H. Sanford, E. A. Corbin, W. H. Clark, S. H. Ritchey, Chas. H. Nelson, A. P. Richercau, T. J. Hale, H. N. Cately. X 4 KNOX COUNTY. >^^//?v\K^. 0®mmiy MulWla^M ^f) HE first court-house, which was only temporary, was tlie residenceof John B. Gum, on section 32, Henderson Town- ship, where the first term of the Circuit Court was held, Fri- day, Oct. I, 1830. After the location of the county seat at Knoxville, in 183 1, the County Commissioners contracted for the erection of a court-house. The entire cost when finished and furnished was $395.43. It was com- pleted in the spring of 1831, and was a log building, two stories high, containing several windows, and was quite an impos- ing structure for those days. In 1836 the County Commissioners decided to have a new court-house, and on September 6 instruct- ed the Clerk to advertise for plans. On the loth of March, 1838, the contract was let for the sum of $r5,45o, with the agreement that the building should be completed by May i, 1840. It was erected in the center of the northern por- tion of tGe Public Square at Knoxville, where it still stands. It is a two-story brick and contains six rooms. At that day it was regarded as a very fine court- house. Since the county seat was removed to Gales- burg, it has been used for offices, and as a hall for entertainments. The new court-house served the purposes of the county until 1873, when the county seat was re- moved to Galesburg. Here a temporary building was erected for county offices and court-room, which is still occupied. The question of building a new court-house commensurate with the demands and the wealth of the county had long been a subject of thought and conversation by the people of the county and their representatives, but it was not until , 18S4 that the subject assumed any form. At the "s annual spring elections of this year most of the townships instructed their Supervisors to take steps for the erection of a county building. Accordingly, at the meeting of the Board in April, the matter was brought up and it was determined to have a new court-house, which was the most important work un- dertaken since the organization of the county. A committee was appointed from the Board to espe- cially look after the matter, consisting of Messrs. Gale, Robertson, Sloan, Charles, Hardin and Leigh- ton. The first thing to determine was the needs of the county, and then what the county could or ought to pay. This done, plans and specifications were called for. The design selected was the one pre- sented by E. E. Myers, of Detroit, Mich. The site, the east half of College Park, had already been donated by the city of Galesburg. It was hoped by the committee that the court-house could be built in accordance with the plans for ^r 00,000. But the low- est bid received, which was $rr4,3ir.52, by Dawson & Anderson, of Toledo, was accepted, with the agreement that the building should be completed on or before Sept. i, 1886. The corner-stone was laid June 24, 1885, und^ the auspices of the Masonic 4-4- o KNOX COUNTY. Grand Lodge of Illinois. Some 40 lodges were here from different parts of the State. Grand Mas- ter Alex. T. Darrah and nearly all the officers of the Grand Lodge were present. Alter the deposit of records, papers, etc., the Grand Master laid the stone with the beautiful and impressive rites of the fraternity. The architecture of the new court-house is al- most purely Norman. It is three stories high, with a basement, and stands facing the east. On the northeast corner rises in beautiful proportions the tower to a height of 141 feet, on a bed of concrete 18 inches thick. Up to the grade line the walls, which are heavy, are stone, and above this line brick, with stone facings of Bedford limestone. In the basement are the steam heating arrange- ments, and also a complete ventilating apparatus with exhaust fan and pipes, which connect with every room in the building. The court-room is pro- vided with a grate, and so arranged that the ashes drop into a pit in the basement. The foundation for the floor of the first story is of wrought-iron beams, stayed with cross rods, with a formation of brick arches between and leveled up with concrete. The other floors are similarly constructed. Iron stairways lead from one floor to the otlier. The windows are of heavy plate glass, and are shaded with inside blinds. The floors in all the rooms are made of hard pine, that of the corridors of marble and encaus- tic tile. The roof is constructed with iron rafters, with corrugated-iron arches between, filled up with concrete and covered with slate. On the first floor are located the offices of the County and Circuit Clerks, the offices of the Sheriff, County Superintendent, Recorder and Treasurer, and County Judge. On the second floor is the Circuit Court room, the County Court room, the law library, private rooms for the Judges, State's Attorney's and Master in Chancery's offices, consultation and witness rooms. The court-room is 47x57 feet in dimensions, with high ceiling and a commodious gallery for the use of visitors. The hall on this floor is a spacious one, with fine arclies over the passage ways. The third floor is arranged principally for jury-rooms, but has a small court-room, or hall, for the use of the Super- visors or other purposes. This structure is elegant is every way, inside and out. In the inside there is no attempt in the finishing and furnisiiing at much embellishment, but everything is neat, tasteful and 997 substantial. The building is a credit to the good taste and judgment of the people who erected it, and a monument to their culture and refinement. JaU. HE first jail erected in the county was con- structed of logs. The contract was let to "^ John G. Sanburn, Sept. 14, 1832, for $250. It stood north of the court-house, on the west side of the Square. With the growth of the county came the increase of offenses against the law, and this primitive log prison became too small for its patronage. In 184 1 a contract was let Alvah Wheeler to build a brick jail, who in 1845 completed the building. It was a two-story brick and stone building and stood on the northeast cor- ner of the Square. It is now used as a tenement- house. In the latter part of 1873 the Board of Supervis- ors finally decided to erect a new jail, and advertised i for plans and bids. The plan of William Quagle was accepted, and January 14, 1874, a contract was let to Ira R. Stevens for $34,000. The building was completed in the fall, and was occupied by the Sheriff Oct. 3, 1S74, and subsequently the prisoners were transferred from the old jail at Knoxville. It is a two-story building with basement, and attractive in its architecture. In front are rooms for the resi- dence of the Sheriff and offices. The basement is of stone, the superstructure of brick, trimmed with stone. The jail contains 30 cells, 41^ by 7 feet, and 7J^ feet in height, with 6-inch stone walls. The doors of the cells are all locked from the dining hall, and so arranged that the attendants are not required to come in contact with the prisoners. In the rear portion of the second story of the dwelling part are the female and debtors' apartments, consisting of three large and airy rooms. Here also is a sleeping apartment for the Turnkey and a bath-room. A good fence surrounds the grounds, which are well kept, adding much to the general appearance. The present condition of the building is indicative of the good and efficient management at the hands of the county's able and gentlemanly Sheriff, J. A Stuckey. ^ 4u 4-* KNOX COUNTY. Almshouse. JL OR many years after the settlement of the |f county, the provisions for the poor were l^'YiC very limited. In 1856 there was a farm r^ and a small building for the keeper's family ^1%-^ and the inmates, who were necessarily % crowded together. Many of the paupers who were idiotic or insane were assigned to two small chambers. A very small cell was fitted up for "crazy Hannah "so that she could not hurt herself. March 5, 1856, the Board of Supervisors purchased the west half of the southwest quarter of section 21, Knox Township, for a Poor Farm, for $3,000. In 1866 the Board of Supervisors appointed a committee, consisting of Rufus Miles, L. E. Conger and Cephas Arms, to superintend the construction of an alms- house. Another committee was appointed to select a location. A majority of this committee selected and purchased the northwest quarter of section 24, Galesburg 'lownship, for which they paid $8,000; L but this was not used and the land was subsequently sold for $9,000. The Board of Supervisors secured additional land adjoining the old farm, and decided to make that the permanent location. When this was determined, a contract for the erection of a build- ing was let to William Armstrong, for $26,000. This amount was increased to $39,037.21, for furni- ture, heating apparatus, and stocking the farm. This only completed the main building and the west wing. In 1876, in accordance with the original plan, a contract for building the east wing was awarded to Parry & Stevens, for $17,000. The work was soon completed, which gave to Knox County one of the finest and best arranged almshouses in the State. It is of gothic style of architecture and constructed of brick and limestone. The design was the work of W. W. Boyington, of Chicago. It is two stories high, with basement. It has 166 feet front by 80 feet in depth, and having in all about 100 rooms. In the male department on the main floor are dining-hall, sitting-room, chapel, and sleeping-rooms with bath- rooms attached. In the chapel, religious services are held. This room is also used for funeral services. The whole is heated by steam, the heat being sup- plied by radiators. Several of the rooms are made additionally attractive by the presence of beautiful and fragrant flowers. There are at present 115 in- mates, who are about equally divided between the sexes. The farm embraces 140 acres of rich land, and is located about one mile north of Knoxville. ' Twenty cows are kept for the use of the almshouse. The almshouse has been under the management for many years of Dr. McClelland, the County Phy-*^ sician, who seems to 'be endowed with special quali- ties to take charge of an institution of this kind. Dr. McClelland is also well qualified for his position, ' and is aff'ectionately regarded by the inmates. The institution altogether seems as complete in all its arrangements as is possible, and that reflects great credit upon the people of Knox County. ^» *ir ►^ KNOX COUNTY. 999 I ■. 'i •, 'i ■. 'i ■. 'i •. '::'•.•.' r■^7•■^;l^^,^';;;l^^l'.:^:l'?a'sg^'^'g^'^'^'6§»: uv Tor i'i^at^'^'^'.^'.^ i' ; I'^i'.; i'.; .i;»i ,' ; i<- •ij'^i'*; .rVti;,.'. -'■ ;.'^j;,.'tjv ^g.'ta.'ta.'i^'t^t^t^tai'l O greater evidence can be adduced of the patriotism of the people of Knox County tlian that presented in her record of the War for the Union. The love of coun- ** try implanted here by the early settlers did not die out, but was strengthened by time. The re- pwrt of the great guns which sent their destructive shot against Fort Sumter had hardly ceased to echo before the people of Knox County rushed to arms, and call after call was responded to with alacrity dur- ing the years of the Rebellion, and neither age, infirmities nor youth kept them from offering their services, their lives on the altar of their country. Over 4,000 of as brave men as ever marched against an enemy went out from Kno-x County, many never to return ; some to die before the deadly missiles, some in trenches ami on battle-fields, others in horrid, cruel prisons and in hospitals. The first to resent the act of treason in Knox County, and probably the first in the State, were G. W. Bainbridge, \Vm. McBride and Joseph Gibbs. When the fall of Fort Sumter had been flashed by than Gibbs' in Lynn Township, and , squire" up, made known to him the \ , with bated breath, " Our country is j : must go to her aid." Mr. McBride J the electric wires over tlie country, Mr. Bainbridgei though in the middle of the night, mounted his horse and rode to Jonathan Gibbs' in Lynn Township, and calling the old " sqt news, exclaiming, ' in danger and we and young Gibbs, who had been aroused from their slumbers, then came in, and here, before the mid- night lamp, this trio of young patriots took a solemn oath, administered by 'Squire Gibbs, "that they would remain true and loyal to the Union." To make the scene more impressive, the old gentleman, in trem- bling tones, exhorted them to be faithful and true and he would look to them for protection. Could the people of the Southern States have witnessed this scene, it is not unreasonable to suppose that, at least, there would have been less States to secede. Early the next morning these brave boys rode into Knoxville to offer their services to the country. No call had been made yet for troops, and no enlist- ments could be received, but they lelt their names. Subse(iuently they enlisted in the ist 111. Vol. Cav. At the first call for troops Knox County very quickly more than raised her quota, and so continued until nearly the end of the struggle. President Lincoln issued a call Dec. 21, 1864, — which was his last — for 300,000 volunteers. At this time there were comparatively few able-bodied 44- rv^ KNOX COUNTY. men in the county, enlistment was slow, and it was thought that, unless there was some extra inducement offered, a draft, which patriotic people much disliked, would have to be made to meet the quota. A draft had been ordered to take place Feb. 15, 1865. Ac- cordingly the Board of Supervisors, who had ever been prompt and ready to do everything in their power to assist the cause of the Union, passed a resolution offering a bounty of S300 for each acceptable recruit. A resolution was also offered and passed at this time exempting soldiers in the field, or those that might hereafter be, widows who have sons in the army, or who may hereafter volunteer, from the payment of the bounty tax levy. From the first appeal to arms, the people of Knox County, with a generosity and a devotion unexcelled by any county in the Union, looked after the boys in the field and provided for their families at home. Soon after the first enlistment, the Board of Super- visors made an order for the support of volunteers, pending marching orders. At the same meeting (May 13, 1861) a resolution was passed for a com- mittee to be appointed to inquire into the expediency of the Board appropriating a sum of money for the support of families of citizens who had entered the service of the countiy. The following day the Com- *■ mittee reported: "The Committee are of the opinion that the county should make provisions to secure from want the families of volunteers during their ab- sence on service." There were many acts of this Board during the war equally as generous and patriotic, which were fully sustained by the people. Another resolution was, that the Sheriff be required to erect on the court-house a suitable standard with the flag of the American Union thereon, which should be displayed during the sessions of the Board and the Courts. Bounty funds were liberally appro- priated by this Board, and everything was done that could be to assist those in the field and provide for those they left behind at home. Space will only permit a brief mention of the war or the incidents connected with it. We think this work would be incomplete if it did not mention Mrs. Bickerdyke, " Mother Bickerdyke," as she was affec- tionately called, who went from this county to the camps and hospitals to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded and cheer their hearts. She was one of the first to go into the camps and the last to come out. She instituted many reforms in the hospitals and made many a poor soldier happy. One of her memorable acts was to come North and secure 200 cows and 1,000 chickens and take them back to Memphis for the use of the soldiers. The Soldiers' Aid Society also did a noble work. They were ever active and untiring in their zeal to comfort the soldier and relieve his wants. These noble women could not fight, but they could aid and comfort the wounded and sick who did fight to save the life of the nation. Volunteers from Knox County were in most of the hard-fought battles of the South- west—Fort Donelson, Pea Ridge, Shiloh, Slone River, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Nashville and many others, and in all they distinguished themselves for their bravery'; There were soldiers from this county in the 7th, 8th, loth, 14th and i6th Infantry. In the 17th Infantry, which was mustered into the service at Peoria, 111., May 24, 1861, there were 131 volunteers from Knox County. In all the regiments of infantry, to the 148th, Knox County was more or less repre- sented. In the cavalry service Knox County was well rep- resented, in all 605 men. In the rst Cavalry there were 152; in the 7th, 212; in the iitii, 108; in the r4th, 72, and a few in the 8th, 9th and 12th. There were also enlistments in the ist and 2d Light Artil- lery, and quite a number of colored men who went out to join colored regiments. The service rendered by Knox County in battling against treason, and in the preservation of the Union, is one to be proud of by her citizens, although many of her bravest sons fell in the conflict for freedom and sleep in Southern graves, or returned to die and be buried at home, and although many seats were made vacant around her. I— •- 'X:^ ^=:^^ KNOX COUNTY. <*> UR favored countn- has but few localities more fertile than that known as the MiH- tary Tract. Knox Count)- is r^- -- "^^^^^^^^^ situated in about the center ^'' ■' ~ t-^OQ of this district aid contains an area of 720 square miles, divided 5^ t?0 "P "I'o 20 full townships. It is pretty *Cf:.yi^ well watered with one large and sev- eral small water-courses. Spoon River crosses the county in the northern part of Truro Township, and mean- dering southwesterly passes out near the middle of Chestnut Township. About the center of this county, run- ning nonh and south, the surface is higher and the streams run each way, emptying finally on the west into the Mississippi and on the east into the Illinois River. Knox County contains within its borders no rugged scenes of grandeur, but rather the quiet beauty of finished and rounded outlines, of a surface clothed with far-reaching prairies and beautiful groves. The mean elevation of the county is about 600 feet above the level of the sea. There are but few springs, but good water can be obtained at a depth of from 15 to 60 feet. The county is largely undulating prairie, and interspesed with fine groves of limber, some of them (juite large. In some parts of the county, partic- ularly along the water-courses, the country is quite broken. The soil is mostly a dark, rich vegetable loam. The drift is spread over the entire surface of the uplands to a depth of from 10 to 60 feet. It comprises a series of yellow and blue clay, which is occasionally mixed with sand and gravel. The original timber consisted of the oak varieties, elm, ash, hickory, black-walnut and the maples. In ad- 1-^ dition to these there were along the slopes and the bottom lands the sycamore, box-elder, linden, cotton- wood, locust, cofl'ee-tree, wild cherry, wild plum, thorn, crab-apple, dogwood, redbud, hackberry and mulberry. The alluvial deposits are not extensive, seldom over a mile in width, and generally much less, and comprise the bottom lands along the water- courses. All the stratified rocks exposed in the county belong to the coal measures, and they com- prise a series of sandstones, limestones, clays, slates, ' and seams of coal, and represent the middle and lower parts of the series of coal No. 6 of the Illinois section to No. t inclusive. The upper seam. No. 6,.^ is found prigcipally in the eastern half of the county, and varies in thickness from four to six feet, and affords a good quality of coal. Mines have been opened and extensively worked m the western half of Victoria Township; also in Copley, Sparta and Persifer. In Elba Township, section 15, coal ap- pears along the bluff a number of feet above the stream. South of Spoon River there are a number of mines along Litiler's Creek, on sections 26, 27, 34 and 35, in Maquon Township. The county has but a limited supply of good building-stone. In some portions there is sufficient for home wants. In Knox Township, sections 16 and 21, there is abed of very good sandstone; much of this, however, is of but little value for building purposes. In the northwest quar- ter of section t6 is a rock of more value, which makes a very good building-stone. It is a dark drab- colored conglomerate rock. It is compact and suffi- ciently hard for building purposes. Limestone for lime purposes is not found in any large deposits in the county. In Sparta Township, on section 24, it has been found in moderate quan- tity, and a very good quality of lime has been made here from it. T 4 KNOX COUNTY. AILROADS form one of the important factors in the de- velopment of a country. They have been the means of open- ing up our broad domains to settlement, and by them our civilization has been so rapidly advanced, while at the present day they form a large portion of the wealth of the country. It is now 59 years since the first railroad bar was laid in the United States From the year 1827, which marks an epoch in the history of this nation — that year wliich inaugurated the genesis of our railway system — the laying of track, under many forms of improvement, has gone rapidly on until today there are upward of 150,000 miles of railroad in our country, extending from ocean to ocean and penetrating every State and Territory in the Union and employing over 700,000 men and women. From the day the first locomotive was built, in 1829, they have been constantly increasing in numbers until they can now be counted by the tens of thousands, and they are the lever that is moving the business of the country. From the beginning of the agitation of railroad building in this county, which was about as early as that of any other part of the State, the people have been very earnest and active on the subject. The people of this county — the early settlers — being largely from the Eastern States, were naturally among the first to desire to be connected by rail with that part of the world whence they came. The gigantic system of internal improvements which was inaugurated by Legislature in 1836 in- cluded the building of many railroads in the Stale and involved the expenditure of about $30,000,000. Soon after the enactment of this law certificates of internal-improvement stock were eagerly sought for and readily taken, contracts were let, and work com- menced in different parts of the State. Hundreds of thousands of dollars were squandered in this way before the year expired. The financial crash, which swept over the country, came on, and the internal- improvement system of Illinois, which apparently began so auspiciously, went down, leaving the State in almost hopeless bankruptcy. Fortunately, how- ever, Knox County was not affected by this, save in a general way. She was among the few favored counties who received the money instead of railroad schemes on paper. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. HEN Galesburg was first settled, railroads were comparatively new and were re- jI^^*^' garded as an experiment. Natural and ■^''"'^ artificial water-courses were then regarded as the best means of transportation and \ ' commercial intercourse. On Feb. 12, 1849, the Legislature granted a charter to the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad Company, with a capital stock of $500,000, divided into shares of $100 each. Under ^^ KNOX COUNTY. 1003 r Ihe provisions of this charter a certain amount of stock had to be subscribed by February 1 2 following, before grading could commence, and other conditions were imposed which were burdensome and were modified by the next session of the Legislature. The corporation was to be managed by a board of nine directors, to be chosen annually by the stock- holders from among their number. The following persons were appointed as Commissioners to receive subscriptions to stock: Samuel B. Anderson, James Knox and Daniel Meek, of Knox County ; Alexander Turnbull, James W. Davidson and Wyatt B. Stapp, of Warren County; Preston \V. Martin, John Mc- Kinney and Robert M. Patterson, of Henderson County; and \Vm. S. Maus, Alfred G. Curtenius and Isaac Underbill, of Peoria County. The first railroad meeting held in Knox County was held at Knoxville, Sept. 9, 1849, 'hi^ object of which was principally to provide for the general as- sembling of the citizens of the county on the 9th of October. John Johnston acted as Chairman and John G. Sanburn, Secretary. There was a large and enthusiastic meeting and speeches were made by James Knox and Robert S. Blackwell. A motion was made and carried in favor of voluntary taxation to provide funds to prosecute the work. The esti- mated cost was between §500,000 and $750,000. The people of Oquawka refused to aid the enter- prise, and Burlington coming forward with the neces- sary subscriptions, the route was changed to the latter place and the former was left out. The company spent all their money and exhausted their credit in building the road from Burlington to Kirkwood. A resolution was adopted requesting the Commissioners of this county to correspond with those of the other counties in order to bring about a concerted action in the matter. Meetings were held throughout the county and a good deal of interest was manifested. The Knoxville Journal, then owned by John S. Win- ter, was very zealous in its advocacy of the cause and did much good in awakening an interest in railroad matters. A meeting was held in Galesbuig, Nov. 29, 1849, when several residents of the place spoke in favor of ths enterprise. A large meeting was again held in Knoxville, inaugurated by the peo- ple of Peoria, at which Judge Purple presided. The idea entertained by the people of Knoxville at this time was that the road would build up Peoria and thereby bring manufactories nearer to them. 'A The defects of the charter caused the enterprise to drag, and in the meantime the people of Peoria organized a new company under an old charter which had been granted to Andrew Gray to build a road ten miles in a westerly direction from Peoria, and finally pass through Fnrniington and thence direct to Burlington, leaving Knoxville and Galesburg to the north. It was called the Peoria & Mississippi Railroad Company. The people of Knoxville favored this road to having no railroad in the county. How- ever, Feb. 10, 185 I, the defects in the charter of the Peoria & Oquawka Company were remedied by the Legislature, which allowed the company to com- mence work with a less amount of stock paid in, and providing, also, for the road to run through Knox- ville and Monmouth, with Galesburg left to the north. This did not satisfy the citizens of Gales- burg, so, Feb. 15, 1851, the Central Military Tract Railroad Company was incorporated, with William McMurtry, C. S. Colton, James Bunce, W. S. Gale, Geo. C. Lanphere, H. H. May, W. A. Wood, Alfred" Brown, Alvah Wheeler, Peter Grouse, Amos Ward, Patrick Dunn, Daniel Meek, Silas Willard, A. C. Wiley, and their asssociates and successors, a body" politic and corporate, under the name and style of the Central Military Tract Railroad Company, with power to build a railroad from Galesburg in a north- easterly course to some point on the Rock Island & La Salle Railroad. On the 19th of June, 1852, their charter was so amended as to give them the right " to build a road from Galesburg, in a northeasterly direction, on the most direct and eligible route towaid the city of Chicago, to a point to be designated by said com- pany on or near the line of the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, or on or near the line of any other railroad, or railroads, communicating with or ex- tending to the city of Chicago." This charter was the result of the deliberations of a coterie of men who were wont to meet in the office of W. S. Gale, on the south side of the Square in Galesburg, and talk over railroad matters. Among these men were C. S. Colton, W. S. Gale, Silas Willard, Geo. C. Lanphere and James Bunce. They were aided in their scheme by Marcus Osborn, of Rock Island. Their first charter was written in this office, and George C. Lanphere, the only Democrat in the ring, was sent to the Legislature, which was Democratic, to have the bilPpassed. Under this charter a siirvey wa^ ^^ V I004 KNOX COUNTY. -H" made by Messrs. Whipple, Wentworth and Churchill. Sheffield was the point aimed at. Plans and estimates were made and the line from Galesburg to Sheffield, on the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, was put under contract in the winter of 1851-52. The contracts were revoked, however, and there was nothing done, the company having changed its plans and decided to meet the Chicago & Aurora Railroad at Mendota. On Feb. 12, 1849, "The Aurora Branch Railroad Company ' was incorporated to build a road from Aurora to the " Galena & Chicago Railroad ;" on June 22, 1852, this act was so amended as to allow them to extend their road from Aurora in a south- westerly direction, on the most practicable route, to a point at least 15 miles north of La Salle, and when such extension may intersect any railroad built or to be built northward, " then to form a connection with any such railroad." On Feb. i, 185 1, power was granted to the North- ern Cross Railroad to build a lateral branch from some point on that road in Adams County, and run- ning thence or the most expedient and eligible route J>=throagh the Military Tract, terminating at the most advantageous point at or near the southern termina- tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, with a proviso I that the said company should not locate or construct this branch upon any line east of the town of Knox- ville.. June 21, 1852, this act was further modified so as " to authorize tlie said Northern Cross Railroad Company to terminate the lateral branch of said road at any point where the said railroad may con- nect with any other railroad extending northward to the city of Chicago." The change in the plans of the Central Military Tract Company was caused by the following circum- stances : While the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad interests were being slowly worked up by local sub- scriptions, C. S. Colton, being in the East, met acci- dentally, in Boston, J. W. Grimes, of Burlington, Iowa, who was a member of the State Senate, and Mr. Wadsworth, of Chicago, President of the Chi- cago & Aurora Railroad, a branch of the Galena & Chicago Railroad ; and after a conference they de- cided that an independent route direct to Chicago was the most practicable line. Mr. Colton returned home and had a conference with his railroad friends, and it was determined tu have their charter changed. It was found impos- sible to secure Eastern capital to aid in the construc- tion of railroads while the rates for transportation were subject to and controlled by State legislation. This was made a distinct issue at the time. It was held that if capitalists put their money into railroads they must have the control over the freight and pas- senger tariff. Accordingly, a special charter was prepared similar to that of the Illinois Central, which removed the objections above referred to, and gave the company entire control of their property, the same as any personal property, with full power to establish and regulate their rates of transportation. Mr. Col- ton was delegated to go to Springfield and secure the passage of this special charter through the Legis- lature, which was done. He also had the amend- ment of June 2T, 1852, above referred to, at the same time the Aurora extension amendment was made. It was here he met for the first time James F. Joy, who became interested in Colton's plans, and who suggested to him the changing of the terminus of the lateral branch of the Northern Cross Road, and ^ securing the interest of the Quincy people in this branch, and here undoubtedly was the birth of what was to be the future gigantic Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and the pride of the State. Subse- quently, James W. Brooks, President of the Michigan Central Railroad Company, and James F. Joy, both of . Detroit, Mich., interested themselves in the Central Military Tract Road, and proposed that if the people along the route from Galesburg to Mendota would subscribe $300,000, they would furnish enough more to complete the grading of the road and laying of the ties ; and when that was done they would borrow money on the bonds of the company to complete the road and put it in operation. One of the first meet- ings held in Galesburg for the purpose of raising stock was at the old academy building. The first three subscribers were James Bunce, James Bull and Henry Ferris. Dr. Bunce is dead, Mr. Bull never paid his subscription, and Mr. Ferris is the oldest stockholder of the road now in Galesburg. After several months of canvassing for subscrip- tions to the new company of the C, B. & Q. R. R., for the $300,000 required as a guarantee for the con- struction of the road, they were still short of the re- quired amount by $50,000. At this juncture Messrs. Joy and Brooks came to Galesburg and gave notice that they could not promise a further extension of time on behalf of their principals, who had agreed to ■^ KNOX COUNTY. 1005 build the road when the $300,000 was subscribed on the line of the road. This was a critical time, for $50,000 must be immediately raised, or the whole enterprise be abandoned, and all the work lost. Every precinct had been canvassed, and every effort made to complete the amount, but to no purpose. At this vital moment C. S. Colton and Silas Willard, who had been the pnncipal movers in the enterprise, consulted together and finally determined to risk everything on the success of the undertaking. They subscnbed the necessary $50,000, thereby binding all the other subscribers, and also the Eastern capi- talists, to their contract for building the road. This subscription proved a heavy load for these gentlemen to carry, and they were compelled to borrow the en- tire amount at the rate of ten per cent, their own means being fully absorbed in their business. It was several years before their stock paid a cent of dividend. In 1852 a survey was made from G.Tlesburg to ' Mendota by Chief Engineer \V. P. Whipple, assisted by B. B. Wentworth and Prof. Gen. Churchill. The road at first had been surveyed through Henderson, t but afterward it was thrown four miles east to straighten the line and avoid the banks of Hender- son Creek. During this period Knoxville was fight- y ing Galesburg, and tried to get the Nortliern Cross Road to come to that place. Throughout the years 1851-52 the peojjle between Peoria and Burlington were anxiously waiting for their road to go ahead. The terminal cities, by a corpora- tion vote, subscribed each $75,000 stock. Burling- ton got ahead of Oquawka, and then Henderson County, by a vote of 100 majority, refused to take any slock in the road. On June 20, 1851, the stockholders of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad met at Knoxville, after notice by the Commissioners, and elected their first Board of Directors, as follows : Charles Mason and J. W. Grimes, of Bloomington ; A. C. Harding and Samuel Webster, of Monmouth ; James Knox and Julius Manning, of Knoxville ; Asa D. Reed, of Farming- ton ; Rudolphus Rouse and Washington Cockle, of Peoria, to serve one year. James Knox was chosen President; Robert L. Hannaman, Secretary, and Will- iam Phelps, Treasurer. The first contract for grad- ing on this road was let in October, [851, at the Peoria end. After a long negotiation between the managers of the Central Military Tract and the Northern Cross Com- panies, carried on by C. S. Colton for the former and N. Bushnell for the latter, a junction of the two roads was made at Galesburg,which was subsecpiently rati- fied by the Legislature. In August, the Northern Cross Company agreed to meet tiie Central Military Tract at Galesburg. June 15, 1853, H. Rouse was chosen President of the P. & O. Co. ; W. Cockle, Sec- retary, J. P. Hotchkiss, Treasurer, and Julius Man- ning, Attorney. The board accepted the amendment to the charier providing for the " Eastern Extension " from Peoria. By September of that year, all parts of this road were under contract. Burlington organized for a northern extension to the Missouri River. Prior to this, or Oct. 14, 1852, the Central Military Tract Company increased their stock from $100,000 to $600,000, and elected the following Directors : James W. Brooks, Henry Ledyard, James F. Joy and G. V. N. Lothrop, of Detroit; I. H. Burch, C. G. Ham- mond and John H. Kinzie, of Chicago; C. S. Col- ton, W. S. Gale, James Bunce and Silas Willard, of Galesburg; William McMurtry, of Henderson, and John H. Br)'ant, of Princeton. Mr. Brooks was elected President ; J. M. Berrien, Chief Engineer; David Sanborn, of Galesburg, Sec- retary and Treasurer. The Engineer's and Treas- urer's offices were to be at Galesburg, and assess- ments were to be made on the stock at the rate of five per cent a month. The work progressed finely. The cars reached Princeton Sept. 11, 1854, and on December 7 the first locomotive steamed into Gales- burg. When the eastern end ^i{ the P. & O. Road was completed to Elmwood, and the western end to Mon- mouth, work ceased. George C. Bestor, of Peoria, was President ; Henry Nollte, Secretary, and J. P. Hotchkiss, Treasurer. For some time the officers failed to report to the public the operations of this road, which created dissatisfaction, and when, in July, they called for the balance of the stock, the suliscrib- ers were suspicious that something was wrong. William S. Maus, of Peoria, James Knox, of Kno.v- ville, and A. C. Harding, of Monmouth, entered into a contract to finish the road between the above-men- tioned points, but, being unalde to carry out their contract, they sold out to the Central Military Tract Company, the latter agreeing to complete, equip and operate the road. w ■c X » 1006 ATV^CA" COUNTY. ?=?+ . of I;; The road from Burlington to Peoria was not com- pleted until about the close of the year 1854, the first passenger train running through the following spring. Abut this lime the Chicago & Aurora, the Northern Cross, the Central Military Tract and the Peoria & Oquawka Companies were all consolidated under the name of the "Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company," this name being adopted from the terminal points of the lines that formed the consolidation. James W. Brooks was elected President of the company. Upon the con- solidation of these lines, Galesburg was made a cen- tral division, which was placed under the supervision of Henry Hitchcock, who for years faithfully and with marked ability managed its affairs. This large corporation now has control of what was formerly known as the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis Railroad. This road was aided in its construction by Warren County, which issued its bonds to the amount of ^284,000, at eight per cent interest, a large iX)riion of which is still outstanding, as well as other coun- ties along the route. This road was completed in |k^ 1870, the first passenger train running into Mon- mouth August 22, same year, making the connection to St. Louis. Connection was made with Rock Island November 1 1. The remainder of its line the company was never able to complete. It was sold under foreclosure of mortgage, April 21, 1876, to the St. Louis, Rock Island & Chicago Railroad Com- pany, and subsequently came under the control of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., and is known as its St. Louis Branch. This road is said to have cost $11,- 000,000. It was sold for ^r, 600,000. The bond- holders were mostly in Germany, and they lost about six-sevenths of their investment. An important branch road belonging to this corpo- ration is the Buda & Rushville line. This road runs from Rushville to Buda, a distance of 109 miles. It enters this county in Salem Township, run- ning north to Yates City ; then east on the Peoria branch to Elmwood and northeasterly to Buda, where it forms a junction with the main line. In 1884 the large, handsome, new passenger de- pot was completed. It was opened to the public May 10, and the first train came to its platform on this day. It is an elegant and very conveniently arranged station-house, two stories high, and of com- posite style of architecture, and an ornament to the city. Galesburg is the headquarters of the Galesburg Division. Here are located the company's car-shops, round-house, locomotive department, bridge depart- ment and stock-yards. The C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. has 104 miles of track in this county. In the Galesburg Division there are 504 miles. The equalization of its property in the county for 1885 was $877,017; in the city, §224,352. The returns from the ticket office were about $212,- 000. The local receipts on freight were nearly $126,000. The average number of employes in the different shops is 500, who, with the trainmen, etc., increase the number to about 1,400. In this sketch of this road we have only aimed at giving the history of its inception, the events which culminated in the consolidation of the different rail- road enterprises which resulted in the organization of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., and its operations in Kno.x County, whose rails now carry the product of millions of acres of land, and move the population of a continent. This company has the reputation of having one of the best tracks in the United States.*^ Its coaches are elegant, and are of the best made. A double steel rail track is laid now on nearly all its lines, and its trains are always run to the closest time. The management of the road is in keeping with its equipment. From the President down, all are courteous, obliging and faithful in the discharge of their respective duties. -f3= 7— T 1~^ SH The Fulton County Narrow-G-auge R. H. HIS road runs from Galesburg to Havana, 111., a distance of 61 miles, passing through London Mills, Ellisville. Fairview,Cubaand Lewistown. It is a narrow-gauge road and was completed in 1882. It passes through a rich bituminous coal country, which contributes a large portion of its freight traffic, and which has been of great value to the city of Galesburg, This road has been a success, and its business is constantly increasing. Its track is smooth and its road-bed good. Two passenger trains run each way daily. >¥. . ^■JVOX COUNTY. ■^^4^ 1007 Old Settlers' Aasociation. T is now nearly 60 years since the first settlement of Knox County, and two of its earliest settlers, Maj. McKee and Daniel Robertson, are still living here. The interest surrounding the early settlements and the ties formed there by the pioneers are very strong. The trials, hardships, struggles and pleasures of pio- , near life bind with indissoluble ties the hearts of those who have in such relations been brought to- gether; and it was to keep up the memories of the early life and renew the associations of bygone years that the Old Settlers' Association was organ- ized. It is to be regretted, however, that such as- sociations are not organized sooner, and that more complete records are not kept of the important events of the early days, of arrivals, births, mar- riages, deaths, removals and other incidents. Had this been done more generally, it would have been of great assistance to the biographer, and added much to the literature of the county, and been invaluable to every community. After many deliberations among the old settlers regarding the formation of some so- ciety which would have the effect of perpetuating the incidents of early pioneer days, and also the as- sociations formed then, a call was made for a meet- ing to be held at Knoxville, April 3,1867. About 400 old settlers responded to the call, the result of which was the organization of the " Old Settlers" Association." Maj. Thomas McKee called the meet- ing to order. Several speeches were made, giving interesting reminiscences of pioneer life. Daniel Robertson was elected President ; Maj. McKee, Vice- President, and Dennis ('lark and Robert L. Hanna- nian, Secretaries. Mr. Robertson not being present, Maj. McKee acted in his place. The next meeting was held at Galesburg, Sept. 9, 1859, which was addressed by VVm. McMurtry. There was a large attendance, and a'n enjoyable time was had. Mr. McMurtry, in his speech, among the many interesting things said, that during the period of six years while he was Justice of the Peace at Hender- son Grove, there was only one case on his docket, and that was amicably adjusted without trial. The next meeting of the society was at Gilson, Sept. 9, 1871. There was a good turnout here and an inter- mingling of old friends. In 1872 the association met at the Fair Grounds in Knoxville, and again in 1877 and 1878. Since that time meetings have been held pretty regularly. Minutes of the meetings of this association have not been regularly kept, hence the history must neces- sarily be incomplete. In 1885, Aug. 20, the Old Settlers' Associatio- held their annual meeting at Gilbert's Park, in Knox- ville. There was a large crowd, eloquent addresses and a good dinner. After this it would be super- fluous to say that there was a good time. Hon. Rufus W. Miles, the old friend of Lincoln, was the orator of the day, and that good old citizen, Ander- son Barnett (poet-laureate of Knoxville), was the poet. Speeches were made by Maj. Thomas Mc- Kee, Col. Carr and others. h"- t ioo8 KNOX COUNTY. After the election of officers, the Association ad- journed to meet the third Thursday in August, 1886, at Gilbert's Park. Officers elected : John G. West, President, and O. L. Campbell, Secretary. Messrs. Campbell, Miles and Eads were appointed to collect statistics, and form the Association into a regular organization. The following poem, by Anderson Barnett, will be a fitting close to the history of the Old Settlers' As- sociation : OLD FRIENDS. " Old friends," wlint magical words! They are music embellished with love. Emotions come fortli from the sounds thoy produce As light from the ether above. The days of my childhood and youth. My friends of those years long since past, As long as my senses my thoughts can control. Those soul-pleasing memories shall last. As I sit by my fireside and think Of ray father and mother now dead, My mind will revert to the scenes of my youth And the many kind words that they said. Their faces remembered so well. Their features I cannot mistake. So often in dreams I go back to my youth And ponder those scenes when awake. Where are they ? those friends that I knew So well in the morning of life? My brothers and sisters who .shared all my joys And sorrows abounding so rife? Companions endeared to me then By manv compassionate ties, I nilfT ganization of some kind, for the perfection Jlij^ and development of their agricultural interests. jjl^ To this end much time and thought were de- 1 voted by some of the ablest men, who sought to determine the best method to accomplish the highest good of the community at laige. This work was begun by the establishment of local clubs. These were continued until the year 1851, and the Agricultural Board was organized, with Robert L. Hannaman as President and P. H. Sanford as Secretary. The first meeting of the society, held in that year, was highly successful, fully attended and interesting in the extreme to its adherents. It met at Knoxville, but subsequently grounds were purchased and the location settled upon at Gales- burg. Since that time many improvements have been made and a half-mile track built, the work entire amounting to $10,000. All these efforts in behalf of Knox County's good have proven worthy their originators, as farming interests have been advanced in no small degree. Annually this society holds a meeting and its exhibits are rarely, if ever, equaled in this State. Its displays of live stock, products of the soil, works of art and fancy work, in every department, are unexcelled. This county feels an honest pride and pleasure in its growth and progress, but more largely in its agricultural devel- opment. Its present officers are M. L. Overstreet, President; D. M. Eiker, Vice-President; O. L. Campbell, Secretary ; I. B. Gault, Treasurer; Will- iam Arms, General Superintendent, and D. B. Hug- gins, Chief Marshal. County Officials. NOX COUNTY has been especially favored t^r fyo„^ its first organization, in 1830, down to the present time, in having honest and ca- pable officials. Very few counties in the State, if any, can present a list of officials that will compare more favorably for character, abihty and integrity. The following is a list of the various officials serv- ing the county : COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash, Charles Hans- ford, Alex. Frakes.Thos. Maxwell, Humphrey Finch, John G. Roundtree, James Ferguson, Alfred Brown, Joseph Rowe, Jonathan Rice, John H. Wentworth, Asa Haynes, Eldert Runkle, John Jackson, Samuel B. Anderson', Daniel Meek, Martin B. Mason and Many weather Brown. COUNTY CLERKS. John G. Sanburn 1830-37 Henry J. Runkle 1837-47 Zelotes Cooley 1847-57 John S. Winter 1857-65 James S. Egan 1865-69 John S. Winter 1869-8J Albert J.Perry 1882-86 rrX^ t KNOX COUNTY. t 1009 CIRCUIT CLERKS. John G. Sanburn 1830-^5 Achilles Shannon 1845-46 Alex. Sanders 1846-47 T. J.Hale .847-5= H.T. Morey... >85S-56 Cephas Arms 1856-60 lohn H. Lewis 1860-65 JohnAberdicn 1865-67 James W. Temple 1867-73 (Ico. L. Hannaman 1873-84 JosiahCale 1884-86 John G. Sanburn. Henry J.Runkle. R. L. H.innaman. PROBATE JUDGES. .....835- I W.n. Kins ....1836- Kobert L. ... .1837-35 I COUNTY JUDGES. (leo. C. Lanphcre 1850-54 H.G.Rejnolds 1854-58 L. Douglass 1858-62 .\. M. Craig 1862-66 1 Ji-nnis Cbark ^866-86 COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. VVm. H. Whilton 1849-53 J. H. Noteware 1853-55 P. H . Sanford 1855-61 J. H . Knapp 1861-69 Joseph Henderson 1851-52 J.W. Brewer ,853-54 Joseph Henderson 1855-56 Wm. Hamilton 1857-58 Alvin H. Hotter 1859-60 Reuben Bailey 1861-62 Giles Cook 1863-64 Frederick Christiancr. . . . 1869-73 Mary Allen West 1873-82 Wm. L. Steele 1882-85 G. W. Oldfathcr 1885-86 Levi Massie 1865-70 Jessie W. Kimball 1871-72 Albert S. Slater 1873-76 D. W. Aldrich 1876-82 Albert S. Slater 1882-84 D. W. Aldrich 1884-86 COUNTY TREASURERS. John Eads Henry Arms Zclotes Coolcy... David Edgerton. Chas. Rogers.. . . David Edgerton. W. H. Whitton. 830-33 833-35 835-37 837-43 843-46 846-47 847-49 849-51 85-53 853-55 1855-59 Wm. McGowan.. George Davis.... T. A. E. Holcomb 1861-63 John A. West 1863-65 Thos. Harrison 1865-67 Homer Gaines 1867-69 Edwin T. Ellett 1860-71 FrancisM. Sykes 1871-73 Edwin T. Ellett 1873-75 James L. Biirkhalter 1875-86 Parnach Owen... Geo. A. Charles David Kendall .. Arthur .K. Denny E. T. Byram R. Deatherage. .. E. T. Byram Alex. Knapp COUNTY SURVEYORS. E. T. Byra 853-SS 855-57 857-59 R. Vor D d Wilts.... W. H. Robinsoi E.T. Byram .. Henry Vaughn. RalfVoris MillsG. Voris.. Stephen Osborn 1830-35 Henry D.Bell 1835-38 Peter Frans 1838.47 Henry Arms 1847-51 S. W. Brown 1S5.-52 John Eads 1852-54 Cornelius Runkic 1855-56 Geo. M. Enkc 1856-58 Andrew Thompson 1858-60 Elijah C. Brott... J. C. Cover James Soles D. W. Bradshaw. Wllkins Seacord.. Samuel F. Patton. A. W. Berggren.. J. A. Stuckey.... 871-73 873-75 875-79 879-85 866-68 868-70 870-72 872-78 STATE S ATTORNEYS. Thomas Ford 1830-35 Wm. \. Richardson 1835-37 Henry L. Bryant 1S37-39 Wm. Elliott 1839-48 Roberts. Blackwell 1848-52 H.G. Reynolds 1852-54 Wm.C. Goudy 1854-55 James H. Stewart 1855-65 James A. McKenzie. .. 1863-72 J. J.Tunnicliff 1872-86 CIRCUIT JUDGES. Richard M. Young 1830-36 • James H. Ralston 1836-39 Peter Lott 1839-40 Stephen A. Douglas 1841-43 Jesse B.Thomas 1843-4S N. H. Purple 1845 49 Wm. A. Minshall 1849-50 Wm. Kellogg 1850-53 H.M.Weed "853-55 John S. Thompson 1855-60 Aaron Tyler 1860-61 Chas. B.Lawrence 1861-64 John S. Thompson 1864-66 Joseph Sibley 1866.67 Arthur A.Smith 1867 John J.Glenn 1877 Geo. W. Pleasants 1879 Educational. HERE are few, if any, counties in this State having better educational facilities than that of Knox. Almost immediately following the first settlement within its borders, a school building arose, and the search for knowledge began. This was in 830, and the first school was presided over by Franklin B. Barber, who " taught the young idea " in a log house in Hen- derson Grove. The primary object of a large number of those who made up the early settlement — -the Galesburg Colony — was to establish an educational institute for the rapidly growing West. The disposition to have good schools thus sprang to life in the primeval his- tory of Kno.v County, and from that day has " grown with its growth and strengthened with its strength." This desire has been upheld and perfected by prompt intelligence and energetic action. Hence, there are at this writing excellent graded public schools and advanced institutions of learning throughout the county. Among the latter we may,' mention Kno-\ College, Lombard University, St. Jo- seph's Academy, St. Mary's School and Hedding Col- lege. Besides these there are thoroughly graded high schools in different parts of the section. These are well known and a pride and honor to this part of the country for their excellent system of training, which is shown by the attendance of countless students who come from the boundaries of Illinois. From the humble log school-house has sprung the neat and handsome school building, which now graces the borders of Knox County. Here are found all mod- ern adjuncts to educational advancement. The thorough and complete system of the public schools in this section of country is largely due to the zeal- ous and untiring efforts of Mary Allen West. She is one of the noblest of women and most efficient edu- cators to be found in this State, and was for many years Knox County's Superintendent of Schools. She is an able thinker, an intelligent and strong-minded woman of ample physical and mental proportions, alert and helpful in every good work, and was one of the best Superintendents ever elected in Illinois. Too much cannot be said in favor of Miss West, and it is imjjossible to enumerate the good things done by her, not only in the school, but in the community. ♦"; KNOX COUNTY. --+ The annual school meeting, orgamzed by Miss West, was one of the best means ever devised lo as- sist struggling teachers. It was a thorough Normal drill, and through it they obtained light on the sub- jects which comprised their daily duty. These are still continued, in addition to the Teachers' Local Association, which is held in different parts of the county, at the option of the majority. The public schools are now in charge of G. W. Oldfather, who devotes his entire time to the work, and is considered a first-class educator. Knox County is a wealthy one as regards its edu- cational possessions. The value of its property is $294,718.05 ; its tax levy is $80,585.67. The num- ber of persons of scholastic age is i2,.^o8, the en- rollment 8,633. ^).5^§^.(2)(S)'Y®)^<®V^'€»^^ ^ < b RE we have an illustration f one of the peculiar feat- ures of this continent, whicli is unlike that of any other country, in the found- - «»^ ing of its new settlements, ^ r the establishment, growth ^Qj/a a,id development of its towns. The )^ inauguration of this system may be said to have commenced with the landing of the Mayflower at Plynt- oulh Rock. From that time on, by colonization and emigration, this sys- tem has continued until three-fonitlis of this country is pretty fairly set- tled up, and it will not be many years before there will be no virgin fields, no wild prairies or forests upon which to found a settlement or build up a town. There are many disadvantages and hardships attendant upon emigration and coloniza- tion. Those who turn their faces from old, well-es- tablished societies toward an unsettled country — a wilderness — to build up a new civilization, have no luxurious pathway strewn with flowers. Many are the struggles, many are the hardships, and many are the privations to be endured. The conditions at- tendant upon new settlements of the present day, the state of society, the outgrowth or the general product, are much different from what they were in former times. Then, surrounding tlie new settlements was a healthy moral and religious atmosphere, a refining, elevating element; now, the settling up of our Western country is attended with the reverse 01 this. The establishment of a school or a church is almost the last thing done ; the atmosphere is anything but moral; religious sentiment is rarely expressed; dis- soluteness is the prevailing habit, and general wick- edness the rule. This is a serious question, and one which our good reformers, philanthropists and mis- sionaries, while they are engaged in foreign work, sliould consider. Possibly a home service might be beneficial in its results, at least to our people. Galesburg may properly be said to be the out- growth of Knox College. It is admirably located on higli ground, surrounded by rolling prairies and a rich agricultural country, about the center of the west side of the county. By rail it is 164 miles from Chi- cago, 43 miles from Burlington and 100 miles from Quincy. Before this town was started there were settlements in Henderson, Knoxville and different parts of the county, and some half dozen towns had been platted, all of which had the most sanguine i + KNOX COUNTY. hopes of becoming its principal city. At that time all these locations for towns seemed favorable enougli, and their founders were justified in looking forward to a large ix)i)ulation. Often, however, it needs something besides a favorable location to make a town. By reviewing the history of towns it is found that their birih, growth and development are very eccentric. Some towns, with splendid locations, will grow rapidly for a time and then, like states and empires, go down to decay. Others, whose locations have been exceedingly unfavorable and which have been passed by by the would-be far-seeing as hardly worth the establishment of a post-office, have had a constant growth and become large commercial cen- ters. While the early settlements were being made and, as stated above, while sites were being laid out in different parts of the county, an enterprise was ma- turing in the Eastern States, the ultimate results of which were the founding and building up of the city of Galesburg. This was during a period which was prolific of colonization and emigration schemes — from 1830 to 1840. No decade before or since, in the history of this country, had more activity in such enterprises than this. While most of these schemes had for their leading object personal aggrandizement, the one which was forming and which ultimately concentrated its efforts on the prairie now occupied by Galesburg had primarily the grand object of es- tablishing educational and religious institutions that would elevate and mold the character of the people that were to form the population of the Great West. Rev. G. W. Gale is justly credited with being the originator of this plan. His idea was to establish a place somewhere in the Mississippi Valley and en- dow it with schools, churches and colleges. His object was distinctively a philanthropic and benevo- lent one, but to attract to it a business system, to surround it with such financial backing as would enable him to carry out the ends in view. Mr. Gale very happily expressed his object, which gives the key to the enterprise, when he said : " The object which gave birth to the enterprise was that of diffus- ing over an important region of country, at an early period of its settlement, the combined influence of education and religion." Mr. Gale was then resid- ing in Oneida County, N. Y., and had been connected with the Oneida Institute. He conferred with the leading men of this institution and with others, and -^ was heartily indorsed by them. As early as 1834 his plan was matured and was a remarkable combi- nation of philanthropy and wisdom. Originally, his design was to raise by subscription ^40,000 and pur- chase a whole township. Had tiiis amount been raised and a whole township purchased at Govern- ment price it would have still left u|)ward of $1 1,000 in the treasury for college purposes, and when the subscribers had all received iheir lands at an average of $5 per acre, it would have left 15,000 acres as the property of the college. The town site was also to be located on college lands, which would furnish a large endowment fund. In the summer of 1835, about 30 subscribers to the colony plan having been obtained, an exploring committee was appointed, consisting of Nehemiah West, Thomas Gilbert and Timothy B. Jarvis. They spent some months in traveling through the West, examining particularly the country in Northern Indi- ana and Northern Illinois, but returned without mak- ing any selection. They visited' this part of the State and were favorably impressed with it, one of the committee purchasing a farm for himself in Knoxville, believing that the colony would eventu->«of the white man, and while the snows of winter were yet covering its prairies, this beautiful city site received a thousand miles away its baptism. Arrangements were made for appraising the lands and distributing tliem to the stockholders, and sell- ing to those outside; also for laying out the village, appraising tlie lots and bringing them into matket. A liberal reserve was made for college and church grounds, a parsonage and for a cemeterj'. Steps were taken toward securing as early as possible ma- terial for the college building, the erection of a steam sa%v-mill and a public house. In the spring of 1836 the colony, having completed all their ar- rangements for their long journey, started for the promised land with hearts full of hope for the future. Some came with their own teams, and some by water. John C. Smith persuaded some of the col- onists to join with him in the purchase of a canal- boat, in which they embarked with their families and goods. They proceeded through the Erie Canal to Buffalo, and from there they were towed by a steamer to Cleveland; thence through the Ohio Canal to Portsmouth, on the Ohio River. From this point they floated down the Ohio to Cincinnati. This was too slow a mode of travel for these colo- nists, who were impatient to reach their land of promise, and, finding it impossible to hire a steam- boat to tow them along which would stop on the Sabbath, they constructed a stern-wheel to their boat and propelled it by their horses. An incident occurred while they were at Ports- mouth, which illustrates the peculiar character of these colonists. A steamer came up one Sabbath .morning which had on board a number of the Com- missioners to the Presbyterian Assembly, which had just closed its sessions. A clergyman came to the canal-boat, and, addressing an old lady (most of the boat's company were holding service on shore), in- vited her and those on board to come to the steamer and join with them in worship. The old lady in- quired if this boat had not come in that morning. The clergyman replied that it had. " We have heard," she said, " that you were to have worship on board, but we had concluded not to attend the preaching of those who are breaking the Sabbath." With their new propelling power, on Monday morning, the colonists started down the river from Cincinnati. Their motive power was not very strong, their machinery was defective, and they were unacquainted with the navigation of the river. All these things impeded their progress, but after patient labor they reached the mouth of the Ohio. From here they were towed to St. Louis, and from St. Louis they propelled their boat to Alton, where they were again towed into the Illinois River. After reaching the Illinois River they worked their way up to Meredosia with their stern-wheel power. At this place some of the party were taken sick, others left the boat to go by land, and the rest remained with the old canal-boat and were towed up Copperas Creek, near Peoria, the nearest point by water to Galesburg. As soon as word reached the settlement teams were sent out to bring them in. They were found at a tavern, a few miles from the river, and nearly all sick. They had secured a large room, on the floor of which they had spread the beds, and it looked more like a hospital than a camp of colonists moving to a new country. There had been 40 per- sons, for most of the time during three months, crowded into one small canal-boat, during warm weather with chilly nights, and passing through a miasmatic country. The wonder is that they were not all sick and that there were not more deaths re- sulting from this journey. As soon as possible they t ^-¥ KNOX COUNTY. 1013 were removed to Henderson Grove, where cabins were prepared for them. Col. Isaac Mills died ten days after his arrival. Capt. John C. Smith, who was the projector of the canal-boat expedition, soon followed Mr. Mills. Henr)- Lyman died after a lingering sickness of two months. These deaths cast a gloom over the new colony for some time. Thus ended this lU-faled and unwisely planned expedition, bold enough in con- ception and perseverance to command admiration. Here was a party, who, without any knowledge of the countrj' or waters over which they were to travel, with but little, if any, knowledge of navigation, start- ing out on a voyage of over 2,000 miles. Those who came with teams arrived at " Log City," their tem- porary headquarters, June 2, 1836. Others came singly or in groups daring. the summer. The names of those who came in 1836 are Rev. George W. Gale, Rev. John Waters, Prof. N. H. Losey, John C. Smith, Henry Lyman, Elisha King, Riley Root, Mrs. Phelps, Leonard Chaj>el, Thomas Simmons, Samuel Tompkins, Daniel Wheeler, Isaac Mills, Patrick Uunn, Mathew Chambers, Roswell Payne, Luther ► Gay, William Hamblin, Erastus Swift, Henry Wilcox, C. S. Colton, George Ferris, Nehemiah West, Caleb Finch, John Kendall, Andoniram Kendall, George ^ Aver)-, mother and sisters; Mrs. Hitclicock and her sons, Elam, Samuel and Henry ; John G. West, John Haskins, Jonathan Simmons, John McMulIen, Abram Tyler and the families of those who had them. During this summer Prof. Ix)sey surveyed the vil- lage and lands in accordance with the plat, which was prepared in New York. By this plat the town was to be a half mile square, having six tiers of six blocks each, bounded on the north by North street. South street on the south, Seminary street on the east, and Academy street on the west. By this plan the public square came upon poor ground, and a seventh tier was added on the west to give the square a better location. During this season several cabins were put up on the farms — one by William Hauiblin, one by Henry Ferris, one by Sherman Williams and another by Joel Martin. Philemon Phelps put up a frame house on block 16, afterward known as the Holyoke House. When cold weather came on the colony went into winter quarters in Log City. This was located in the southwestern edge of Henderson Grove, on the southwest quarter of section ■j,'^. There were 13 cabins altogether, and one was often used for a school-house. Gathered in that historic place, of which no vestige now remains, during the winter of 1836-67, were about 170 souls, and a glorious time they had ; all were sociable, and they could not be otherwise than neighborly. It is said that there was no room to quarrel, and it is not believed there was much inclination to. This winter did not pass without its matrimonial results. Henry Ferris and Maria Hudson were led up to the hymeneal altar, and gave their pledges to love each other during this life. After a grand feast and hearty congratulations from all, they went to housekeeping in one of the log cabins belonging to Mr. Pomeroy. This was the first marriage among the colonists. About this time Mrs. Daniel Wheeler manifested her zeal and activity in the success of the colony by presenting to it a native member. This produced a genuine sensation at " Log City," and little Miss Fidelia was the recipient of many caresses. She grew to womanhood to become the wife of Albert ' Porter. The first male child born in Log City was S. O. Allen, Sept. 10, 1838, who now resides on his farm near his birthplace. (See biography.) Along about the ist of January, 1S37, Prof. Losey and Miss Lucy Gay opened a school, which was largely attended. Religious services were held dur- ing the winter, presided over by Rev. George W. Gale, and also by Rev. John Waters and John T. Avery. In February the Presbyterian Church was organized — subsequently better known as the First Church, or the First Church of Christ. Pretty thickly packed together these colonists were during this winter, and many " shifts " were made to enable them to " get along." Household furniture as well as kitchen utensils were limited in the ex- treme ; yet the most coveted thing was room, and the good matrons of that settlement were most sorely tried to find room to put things, especially their children. As soon as spring opened, building commenced in the village. The first houses pat up were by Daniel Wheeler and Elisha King, the former on the south- west corner of Cedar and Ferris streets, and the lat- ter on the northwest corner of the same block. Tiiere was another also put up on Cedar street. By May there were several log cabins ready for occupation. One of these, where President Bateman's residence I now is, was occupied by Col. Caleb Finch. In this ^^ KNOX COUNTY. ^^ I cabin was born Harriet Finch, whose birth was the first in the village of Galesburg. Miss Harriet was married to Luther Wilcox. As the weather became warmer and the ground in a condition for cultivation, this village presented a very busy picture. Tlie prairie sward, which had lain untouclied by the plow since its formation, was being turned up to the sun, houses were going up, and every person old enough to labor was doing something. The work of building up had now actually begun. About this time the last installment of the colony arrived. The names of these are Barber Allen, D. Allen, Nelson and Sheldon W. Allen, Floyd Buckingham, Dr. J. Bunce, Isaac Collon, Eli Farnham, Sylvanus Ferris, N. O. Ferris, William Ferris, W. Holyoke, Agrippa Martin, H. H. May, J. C. Prentice, Levi Sanderson, Hiram Marsh, Levi Stanley, Enos McEnlear, Lorentus Con- ger, A. Z. Manor, Charles Gilbert, Ed. Dailey, A. C. Higgins. Other families came during the summer and autumn, but those mentioned above and those pre- ceding founded the colony. To facilitate the building department, George W. Gale, Neheniiah West and Erastus Swift erected a steam saw-mill. It was located on block 8. Mr. Swift, having practical knowledge of the business, secured the other interests and became sole owner. A small space in this mill was rented to Enos Mc- Enlear, who opened the first blacksmith-shop in Galesburg. Mr. C. S. Colton moved down his stock of goods from the grove, and set up in the prairie town what was considered in those days an extensive mercantile establishment. He had added to his stock and opened here a first-class store. It was located where J. B. Colton many years later had his store. It was on the west side of the Public Sqfiare. Soon after Mr. Colton came Mathew Chambers with a small stock of goods, which he opened on the east side of the Square. He did not stay long here, but moved to Knoxville, where he thought the field for business was better. His store-room was used for a school-house on week days and for the holding of religious services on Sunday. A post-office was established this summer, with Prof. Losey as Postmaster. This saved the people of the new colony going to Knoxville for 25 -cent letters. By the time cold weather set in, in the fall of 1837, most of the colonists, who had spent the previ- , • -T ous winter in " Log City," were settled on the prairie, either on farms or in the village. Galesburg had become a reality, a full-fledged Western town, sans the gambling, drinking and other vices which now distinguish modern Western towns. During the winter of 1837-38 there were in and about the village about 250 souls, and they were sit- uated much more pleasantly than at "Log City," the previous winter. Everything went on pleasantly and the spring of 1838 opened with bright prospects. The college building was put up during this season, and in the fall the school was formally opened. It had been chartered by an act of the Legislature in 1837, under the title of "Knox Manual Labor Col- lege." Prof. N. H. Losey was Principal, and Hiram Marsh, Assistant. The " Old Academy " building stood on the ground now occupied by "the First National Bank. It was moved off and was occupied by A. Nelson. Hal- lowed memories cluster around this old building. To the old settlers it is as sacred as the roof be- neath which they were born. To those who were educated here it has been as a beacon light guiding them onward and upward. Within these walls the anti-slavery and temperance orators have held their audiences spellbound by their eloquence. If those silent old walls could speak, they would portray in vivid light the struggles, the appeals that were made for a higher civilization, for our country to carry out its pledges made to the world, that " all men are created free." If these walls could speak, they would tell of the sweet strains of music drawn out by Prof. Bacon on his famous violin, and of the village maid- ens whose clear voices filled the space, and, as though imprisoned there, burst forth into the outer air with their melodious notes. C. S. Colton was the only merchant in the village for several years. Mr. Chambers had opened a store, but soon after moved to Knoxville. During the early years Knoxville and Henderson were the prin- cipal places for trade. Mr. Colton could not keep everything that was wanted by the people here, and they would go to the above-mentioned places and sometimes to Farmington before they could get what they wanted. This condition of business remained until r84o or 1841. In r842 the standard price for pork was $1.50 per hundred. Beef cattle were not to be had. Drovers KNOX COUNTY. ^ lois from Ohio were constantly picking these up, young and old, driving them off and fattening them for market. Wheat was hauled into Chicago, where it sold at from 45 to 50 cents a bushel. In 1841 Mr. Chambers, from Knoxville, opened a store on the corner of the Square. Following him were several unsuccessful efforts in the mercantile line. In 1843 (if rightly informed) Mr. Johnson, of Knoxville, opened a branch store and was successful. He was soon followed by the Willards, who also succeeded in establishing a good business. In 1841 the Female Seminary building was com- pleted at a cost of $5,000. It was located where George W. Brown's lumber-yard now is. It was burned in 1843. The following year the wmgs of the college building were completed and were occu- pied for lecture-rooms and dormitories. In 1846 the " New Academy " was erected. It was occupied for some I 2 years, and then was used for a High School until the demands of the town forced it out to make room for the Union Hotel. During the second dec- ade the business of the town had materially in- creased. Emigration had been constantly increasing the population, the wealth and the activity of the settlement ; the college had been prosperous, and the condition was such as to make the hearts of the colonists, particularly the projectors, joyful and happy. On Jan. 27, 1841 ,Galesburg had been incorporated as a village, and on ."^pril 5, of same year, an elec- tion was held under the charter, which resulted in the choice of James Bull, Novman Churchill, Jacob Edgerton, J^imes Bunce and Levi Sanderson as Trusiees; Agripjia S. Martin, Assessor; Roswell Payne, Treasurer; Oliver Adams, Constable. This Board established ipiite a re|iutalion for enacting or- dinances. No town with ambitious hopes can get along with- out a newspaper and without a press to represent its advantages and interests; its amjjition would be like a vessel at sea with sails unfurled and no wind. Vet, starting a newspaper is sometimes risky, and is often attended with disastrous consequences to the pro- jector. Tlie fault, however, is chiefly in the lime and place of starting, and the want of capacity for the work. A good editor is about as rare as a good poet, and, like a poet, he must be born so. Tiie first paper published in Galesburg was the Knox Intelli- gencer, and was established by Rev. C. R. Fisk. The first issue went out into the world, disseminating its intelligence, the ist of January, 1849. The office was then over Mr. Sanderson's store. It is remem- bered that the editor took great pride in his paper, and was very solicitous about its reception, as he cast it forth to the public. He undoubtedly had some feeling akin to Southey as he sent out his first vol- ume to the world : '• Cd, uiv little liook, from this my solitude. 1 ("isttlicc (in the waters, fjo thy ways; And if. as 1 suppo.r -T ■♦■ •^^-^ KNOX COUNTY. Trustees. In 1857 Rev. Oris A. Skinner, D. D., was elected President, which position he verj' ac- ceptably filled until 1859, when Rev. James P. Wes- ton was chosen President, which office he held for 15 years. Prof. William Livingston was the AcUng President from 1872 to 1875. In 1876, the Cen- | tennial year, Rev. Nehemiah White was called to the presidential chair, which position he still holds. The first class was graduated in 1856. The college grounds embrace 14 acres, and are ornamented with trees and shrubs. The building is a very fine brick structure, three stories high, 80 feet long and 66 feet wide, and has excellent apartments for libraries, apparatus, lectures and recitations. The library contains upward of 5,000 volumes, besides pamphlets and magazines. The cabinet contains a large and valuable collection of specimens. Among others who made donations to this institu- tion, besides Mr. Lombard, were E. G. Hall, who i gave Jio,ooo, and L. E. Conger §10,000. I . A few years ago a theological department was es- ' tablished, which has been quite successful. At the last comraencen)ent exercises the first class in this v^ department was graduated. Belonging to the Uni- : \ versity are two literary societies, the Enesaphian and the Philomathean, which are strong in membership t and are doing good service. The Alumni Literary 1 Society is another attractive feature of Lombard, and i is attended by the Faculty and the Senior Class. I Rev. E. L. Conger is the financial agent, and has ! secured during the past year many valuable dona- tions. Alfred Knowles is President of the Board of Trustees. Lombard University is one of the very creditable mstitutions of learning, not only to Knox County, but to the State. It has done much to ad- vance liberality of thought, civilization and culture. \ St. Joseph's Academy. f HIS Catholic institution of learning was es- tablished in 1879. The building was com- pleted in the early part of that year and the Academy was opened in September. The building was erected and the school established by Father Costa. The building is a large, commodious brick structure, erected at a cost of ^30,000, and is situated in the western part of the city of Galesburg, corner of Academy and Knox streets, on a high eminence overlooking the town. It stands on the highest ground in the city. It is under the direction of the Sisters of Providence, who came from St. Mary's of the Woods (Indiana). This institution was established by the Sisters of Provi- dence from Riiille, France, and is located about four miles west of Terre Haute. In the St. Joseph Academy are 14 Sisters, at the head of whom is the Mother Superior, a verj- estima- ble, accomplished and devout lady, whose life is de- voted to this school. At present there are 350 pupils, male and female, many of the latter boarding at the Academy. The curriculum consists of a four years' course of study, embracing a primary, interme- diate and senior, and includes all those branches of study essential to a thorough preparation for the duties of life, as well as a classical course. There are departments of music, plain and fancy needle- work, painting and drawing. The scholastic year consists of four terras, each comprising a period of I I weeks, the first term commencing on the first Monday in September. The building is heated by steam, lighted with gas and has water conductors. The rooms are lightsome and airy and pleasantly arranged. A beautiful little chapel is one of the pleasant features, where services are held every morning at 8 o'clock. Adjoining this and communi- cating by folding doors is an elegant art gallery. Western Business College. Something over 20 years agothistJollege _1^ was estabhshed by H. E. Hayes and J. B. ^{ Si'''^ Marsh. It was first located in the upper 1^ story of the Colton Block. It changed hands several times, when, in T873, J. M. Martin be- came the proprietor and removed the institu- tion to the third floor of the Allen Block, corner of Prairie and Simmons streets, where it is still located. III health compelled Mr. Martin to retire from the arduous labors of the College, and, March 17, 1883, M. H. Barringer became the proprietor and still holds this position. A thorough system of bookkeeping is taught at this college, under practical and busi- ness-hke principles. Naturally accompanying this course are arithmetic, penmanship and commercial law. There are taught here also telegraphy and short-hand. Mr. Barringer has improved the sys- tem of leaching bookkeeping very much. The busi- if t KNOX COUNTY. ness transactions that enter into the course of in- struction are not imaginary, but real deals. The department of correspondence is also of the same character, and is extended to numbers of other col- leges in Chicago, New York and elsewhere. Under Mr. Barringer's management, this college has become a very popular place to secure a business education. The average attendance during the past season was 125. M. H. Barringer, Principal; Jennie E. Bene- dict and Winona Edgerton, Assistants ; George W. Thompson, Lecturer on Commercial Law. Public Schools. ^^^^HE first public school, as has been men- tioned on another page of this work, was taught by Prof. N. H. Losey and Miss Lucy Gay in the storehouse of Mr. Chambers, in the summer of 1837. This was used for a school building until what was called the " Old Academy " building was put up, when the school was opened there. In 1839 a district school- house was erected on the northeast corner of the Public Square. As the scholastic population in- creased, other districts were laid out and buildings erected, until in 1857 there were eight. About this time efforts were made to grade and consolidate these schools. Nothing, however, was accomplished until 1859, when the ei^jht districts were made one, partially graded, and A. B. Campbell, George Churchill and J. H. Knapp were elected Directors. After much labor a charter was granted, giving to the School Board more power than was extended to them under the State law. In 1867 a School Board was elected and organized under this charter. Rufus B. Guild was the first Superintendent. He only served a short time, and was succeeded by J. B. Roberts, who served until 1874, when he was suc- ceeded by Mathew Andrews. In 1886 the high school building was completed, at a cost of about §60,000. It is a three story brick structure, with light and airy school departments. Subsequently ward buildings were erected — one each in the 3d, 4th, 5lh, 6th and 7th Wards — at an average cost of $15,000. These buildings are now well heated and ventilated, with all the necessary apparatus. Telephones are placed in each building, which com- municate with the Superintendent's office in the ' This is one of the leading papers of the Military high school building. The buildings are all brick but one, which is frame, and the seven schools are all graded. The school property is valued at ^125,000. Ac- cording to the County Superintendent's report for last year, there were in all these wards of persons under 2 1 years of age 6,336, of whom 4,486 were of scho- listic age, 2,112 being enrolled. The higliest wages paid male teachers were $188.89 P^r month, and the lowest $66.68 ; the higliest wages paid female teach- ers were $88.89, ^"d the lowest $35. The tax levy was $20,000. There is one library of 300 volumes. The present Superintendent is W. L. Steele, who has demonstrated a peculiar fitness for this position. There are eight grades and a year's high school course in the curriculum. The efficiency of these schools is due in a great measure to the fact that every person connected with them is permanent, from the Board down. The majority of the present Board has served from 10 to 15 years. There are also three private schools, with 470. pupils, male and female. The Press of Galesburg. , HE following is a brief history of the pres- ent press of Galesburg, and of those of which they are the outgrowth. This has been an extensive field for the burial of jour- nalistic hopes. In this respect it is not unlike all Western or new counties. Many papers have been established from time to time in this and other towns of the county. On the sea of journalism here many little barks were cast ; they struggled for awhile against tiie elements of opposition, and then they went down to rise no more. The press unquestionably is one of the most jx)- tent influences toward the development of a new country and the advancement of civilization. It is the vehicle for the dissemination of ideas, and the medium to which people must look to advertise en- terprises and projects for the advancement of their own or public interests. But where one newspaper succeeds one hundred fail. Yet the effort must be made. Through the sifting of chaff we get at the wheat; by the retort of the amalgam wc get the gold. REPUBLICAN-REGISTER. i«>-^ KNOX COUNTY. -** Tract. It is the result of a union of the Gaksburg Republicaii and Galesburg Register. The former was founded by Clark E. Carr and J. M. Prior, and the lat- ter in 1866, by Steve R. Smith, H. D, Babcock and W. J. Mourer. It was subsequently purchased by E. F. Phelps, who in a few months sold it to the present company. The i¥f///MV«// was purchased in 1872 by S. W. Grubb, who published it till the close of the year. In December of this year the Galesburg Printing Company was organized, with a capital stock of $15,- 000, under the general incorporation laws, and the Register and Republican were purchased and the two papers were consolidated under the title ol Republi- can-Register. The officers of this company were George N. Dieterich, President; Z. Beatty, Vice-Presi- dent; S. VV. Grubb, Secretary and Treasurer. Z. Beatty was the editor, and S. W. Grubb the business manager, which positions they still hold. Under this management the Republican-Register has been made prosperous and mfluential, with a large circu- lation. It a six-column quarto. Republican in poli- ^ tics, progressive, and devoted to the interests of •^Galesburg. An extensive job-office is connected I with this office, with steam-power, which has an I enviable reputation for the excellence of its work, and \ is very liberally patronized. A daily paper is pub- lished in connection with the weekly. THE PLAINDEALER. In 1872 Judson Graves started a semi-weekly pa- per called the Republic, an eight-column folio. He continued the semi-weekly publication for about three months, when he changed it into a weekly. Sept. 5, 1874, the name was changed to the Plain- dealer, on account of the similarity of name with the other Republican papers in the county. In December, 1879, Messrs. Emrich & Biggs pur- chased the office of this paper. They still publish the paper under the company name of the Plain- dealer Printing Company. The paper was enlarged to a six-column quarto in 1881. In politics it is an independent Republican sheet, and is issued every Friday. A good job department with latest improve- ments has been added to the plant, which has largely increased the business. The company have the rep- utation of doing excellent job-work. The papers are worked by steam. The Plaindealer is well conducted, is a bright, newsy paper, and has a circulation of about 1,200. The office is located on Main street. PRESS AND PEOPLE. This paper is the outgrowth, through many changes, of the News-Letter, or the plant of that paper, with the additions that have been made from time to time is the same as that now used by the Press and People. The News-Letter was established in 1850, under the editorial management of W. S. Gale, James Bunce and G. C. Lanphere. This paper took the place of the Intelligencer. It was an able advocate of measures affecting the interests of Gales- burg. It had an extensive circulation, not only about the county, but with the advocates of the Military Tract Railroad, a project which was then being worked up. Its columns were open and were generally pretty well filled with articles on the sub- ject of railroads, which secured marked attention. Its office was over a store on the south side of the Square. In 1852 it was purchased by S. G. Cowan, who issued it under the title of News-Letter and Henry County News. At the beginning it was neu- tral in politics, but later on it becam« a little tinct-^ ured with Free-Soilism. In the fall of 1853 J. W. Lane purchased it and changed the name to the Western Freeman. This was really the first political paper ever published in Galesburg. It was an anti- '^lavery paper, which was then a very unpopular subject, in this part of the ceuntry at least. Its hfe was brief, but by no means delightful. In two short months the slave-power of the country quenched its life and it was entombed in their cemetery. The plant was purchased by Southwick Davis and Wm. H. Holcomb, who started the Galesburg Free Demo- crat, which was also an anti-slavery journal. The first issue of this paper was on Jan. 5, 1854. Novem- ber 30 witnessed another change in the office, which passed into the hands of W. J. Woods, with B. F. Haskins as editor. In March, 1855, Mr. Haskins was succeeded by C. J. Sellon. who only remained in the editorial chair a very short time. In July, 1855, S. W. Brown, R. H. Whiting and D. H. Fris- bie became proprietors ; several changes were made and in the summer of t8s6 J. H. Sherman with C. J. Sellon took charge. On March 17, 1857, the first copy of the Daily Free Democrat ^?a issued. J. H. Sherman was proprietor until 1865, passing through the war period, when Bailey & McClelland purchased *+ •rs?: KNOX COUNTY. io»3 the office and the name was clianged to Free Press. In 1872 M. S. Barnes purchased the paper, and for some time he issued a daily and weekly. Mr. Barnes changed the name to the Leader and subsequently, in June, 18S2, the name was changed to the Press and People. It is an eiglu-coluran paper and inde- pendent in politics, but advocates prohibition princi- ples. In February, 1883, Gersh. Martin purchased the paper and is the present proprietor and editor. The Press and People is a strong Democratic sheet, like its owner, who is a Democrat of the old Andrew Jackson school. It is ably conducted and marked for its bright editorials, and has a circulation of about 1,400. It is issued every Friday ; connected with it is a fine job-office. Manufacturing Interests. ^{■ivJALESBURG has become quite a manu- e^^^^ facturing center. Here are turned out ^.'^ goods which find a market in all parts of the f^^ world. A great deal of enterprise has V been manifested both in the manufacture of the goods and in pushing the sale of them. The following is a brief review of the various indus- trial concerns of this order located at Galesburg : brow"n's corn-planter works. One of the greatest and most useful agriculturaK implement inventions of the 19th century, if not in the entire history of the world, in the corn-planter, which was conceived in the brain of George W. Brown, and by him perfected and patented. With the personal history of this great inventor, only so far as it has to do with his invention, this article has nothing to do, and the reader is referred to the bio- graphical part of this work. Mr. Brown was born on a farm in Saratoga County, N. Y., and there lived until he was 14 years of age, when he gave bis attention to learning the carpen- ter's trade. He remembers very distinctly the first canal-boat which passed through the Erie Canal. It had on board DeWitt Clinton and many other dis- tinguished people. He worked at his trade on the railroad from Albany to Schenectady, which road was 16 miles long, and when completed was re- garded as one of the great triumphs of the age. An excursion party of distinguished persons made the first trip over the road. The cars were about the size of our omnibuses and were drawn by an engine named the John Bull. Mr. Brown waa appointed Roadmaster of this rail- way, but it was not to his taste and he soon resigned. Some relatives of his had gone to the then Far West and wrote glowing accounts of the country and of what "he might accomplish there by his trade. These let- ters set him to thinking, but he did not think long before he acted. He purchased a wagon and filled it with his worldly possessions, and with his young wife started for the prairies of Illinois. During the trip it rained much of the time, and tiiey had a slow and disagreeable journey, arriving at their destination in July, 1836. He located on a farm near Tylerville, in Kelly Township, Warren County. He traded his team for 80 acres of land, and went to work on his farm and at his trade. By continuous later he made a com- fortable living only. There are many houses in this township ujKin which he worked and several which he built alone. He also workecj at Galesburg and Knoxville. Aside from these duties, Mr. Brown was often called upon to repair the rude farming imple- ments then used. This undoubtedly directed his mind, which was mechanical by nature, to the study of farm machinery. He experimented a great deal and made many plans and models. One day in 1846, John S. Winter came to him and found him in a deep study. He was very lightly dressed, having on only a straw hat, a hickory shirt and a pair of pants, and was seemingly reflecting upon the possi- bilities of the future. As early as 1848 the cultivator had been invented and was used by those who could afford it. These implements were necessarily somewhat of a rude character when Mr. Brown began his experiments, and he soon conceived the idea of converting the cultivator into a corn-planter. Under the light of his first discoveries Mr. Brown must have felt as joyful as did Archimedes of old, when he discovered a great philosophical principle. The first plan of Mr. Brown was to drop the corn, at the same time placing the shovels of the cultiva- tor as wide apart as he wished the rows of corn ;and with boxes of corn on the beams back of the shovels, so arranged that the center of each box could be be directly over the middle of the furrows made by the shovels. A slide appearing adequate, it was necessary to move it so there would be an aperture r ^ KNOX COUNTY. in the center of the bottom of each box large enough to allow from three to five kernels of corn to pass through at one time, which would naturally fall into the middle of the furrows behind the shovels. This slide was operated by a man walking behind; heavy wooden wheels made from sections sawed off from logs were attached to the cultivator back of the boxes, which rolled along, covering the corn and leveling tlie furrow. This invention seems very sim- ple now, like all other great inventions after they are discovered and we become familiar with them. It was simple enough to find this continent after the way was prepared by Columbus. Our inventor continued his experiments, making improvements and gathering new ideas, until the invention, Mr. Brown determined to stake all he possessed on its success. He had already sold everything about the farm, even to his best horse, to secure his patents and perfect his machine. He now sold his farm for what he could get and borrowed additional money and took the risk before him. There were very few farming implements for the purpose of marking ground, and everything had to be made by hand. He soon became heavily in- volved, and had the friends who loaned him money called on him for settlement, he could not have raised a dollar. He was an honest man, however, and bore an excellent reputation, which characteris- tics were at this time invaluable to him. His credit- ors did not press him, but were willing to give him ESTABLISHED AD 18S3 / ^^ ■„ CJt^JLEi Sa^lDI^^CicaflKL,. spring of 185 i, when he constructed his first com- plete corn-planter of the present style, and from that time on he has continued to make improvements in his machine. During the past winter he added another valuable improvement to the planter. In May, 185 i, as soon as the ground was ready for planting, he drove out his new planter and put in his first crop of seed. The planter worked charmingly. The following year Mr. Brown planted 16 acres for himself and four acres for Alfred Brown in Knox County. In the spring following he commenced the manufacture of ten machines, but on account of his limited means only succeeded in finishing one. It was about this time that, having absolute faith in his a fair trial. He had, however, to pay exorbitant rates of interest, sometimes as high as 3 per cent a month. This is the rock that brings the ruin of many an inventor. Mr. Brown steadily kept his object in view, and continued to manufacture his planters, and in 1853 pursued his operations in Shanghai, in Warren County, during that year com- pleting 12 machines. During that summer one of these machines planted 300 acres of corn. In the following year Mr. Brown manufactured 100 planters and in 1855 300. At the close of this latter year he moved his factory to Galesburg, where he could ob- tain better facilities for the extension of his business. During his first year at Galesburg, he manufactured •x^ . Y - KNOX COUNTY. 1025 600 corn-planters, and the next year 1,000. The business has been gradually extended until the fac- tory now turns out as high as 7,000 planters during a single year. After the Brown Corn-Planter had been used to the satisfaction of the few who first adopted it, it was difficult to introduce it generally or get the pub- lic to understand its merits and value. With many it was a " new-fangled concern." It was not the old hoe, the use of wliich never failed to make the corn grow. They could see that the machine ran nicely over the field, but did it drop the corn in proper quantities, in the right ])laces, and was it well cov- ered ? These were objections which first met the in- ventor on every hand, and to overcome these he had about as much difficulty as when first getting up his machine. All these objections and doubts were finally overcome, and thenceforward he had no diffi- culty in selling the planter to those who could afford to pay for it. The business increased, new machine- ry was put in, and buildings erected, until during the latter part of the war, when there came a de- pression in business, things began to look very blue for Mr. Brown. The war had circumscribed the sale of the planter veiy materially. His machines were scattered throughout the country, in warehouses and in depots, and were absorbing a vast amount of capi- tal. He had been persuaded to manufacture that year 2,000 more planters than his judgment dictated, which proved to be that number more than there was any demand for. They had been sent about the country at considerable expense, and were on his hands. He was also in debt. Matters indeed looked very dark, and the majority of men would have sur- rendered, but Mr. Brown was not the man to easily give up; he had passed through so many hard strug- gles that he could not now stop or go back. He se- cured a loan of $25,000, called in his planters and stored them in warehouses. The war closed and the battle-field was deserted. Swords were turned into plowshares and spears into pruning-hooks. There was great activity in the agricultural districts, and the Brown Corn-Planter became in great demand. From this time on the prosperity of the inventor and manufacturer steadily progressed until the present time. When the usefulness of this planter became gener- ally known many manufacturers in different parts of the country commenced the construction of these ma- chines without any regard to Mr. Brown's rights of patent or personally. He protested against this and appealed to the manufacturers to desist or to pay him a royalty. They refused, and proceedings were in- stituted in the Federal Courts for redress. After many delays and appeals, the contest was finally settled by the Supreme Court of the United States, which declared that George W. Brown was the in- ventor and sole patentee of the planter. This de- cision brought the infringers on his patent forward for a settlement, and they were called upon to pay a royalty to him for all the machines they had manu- factured. In 187s the large and splendid new Corn-Planter Works of Mr. Brown were completed, and the 23d of September following the event was celebrated with appropriate ceremonies. Hon. Clark E. Carr, of Galesburg, the distinguished orator of the Prairie State, delivered one of his characteristic addresses upon the occasion. The buildings comprise foundry, machine siiop, blacksmith-shop, polishing-room, pat-' ent-room, wheel-room, paint-rooms, warehouse and j office, in all covering 30,000 feet of ground. They were erected at a cost of about $60,000. Since then ¥ Mr. Brown has made many other improvements, and now has a manufacturing capacity of probably 20,000 implements annually. He has also continued to de-^ vise new improvements and attachments for the planter until it would seem that there were nothing more to be done for its perfection. Into every ma- chine goes the best thought, the best materials and the best mechanical skill. To perfect his machine has been his constant study from its inception. The sale of the Brown Corn-Planter is not limited to any State or Territory of the Union, and has ex- tended into Mexico, Europe, Asia and South Amer- ica. The manufactory has been one of the princi- pal factors in the growth of the city of Galesburg. Mr. Brown also manufactures the cultivator, to which he has added very valuable improvements. Also the Brown Check-Rower and Stalk-Cutter. We have thus briefly given some of the essential points in the history of the Brown Corn-Planter. The long, weary days and nights of hard study, the doubts and the hopes, the intense anxiety pending success endured by the inventor, no language can express. Its success lias been as complete as its benefits are immeasurable, and places its inventor among the foremost men of the age, as a great bene- =!A^ ^ M H»4 1026 JsTNOX COUNTY. -il-*" factor to the country and the world, for the planter is known largely the world around. The soldier who goes to battle and conquers nations is entitled to great praise, but the man whose application of me- chanics produces such a great labor-saver gives to the world that which will benefit toiling men. The company was incorporated in 1880, with a capital stock of $300,000. Geo. W. Brown, President ; I. S. Perkins, Vice-President; Loren Stevens, Secre- tary-; James E. Brown, Treasurer; M. T. Perrin, Superintendent; Edward Hebbard, Bookkeeper. This year (1886) there will be a change of officers of the corporation, the Vice-President, Mr. Perkins, and the Secretary, Mr. Stevens, retiring. In the mechanical department, A. M. Hill is foreman of the woodwork-shop; Frank Olesen, fore- man of the blacksmith-shop ; Daniel Spence, foreman of foundry; A. Abrahamson, foreman of paint-shop; M. D. Hebbard, foreman of lumber department. A. O. Peterson is the foreman of the machine-shops, having been with Mr. Brown for the last 20 years; he is considered one of the best mechanics in the I State. He has been Chief of the Galesburg Fire De- \ partment for three terms. A branch house has been established in Kansas City under charge of O. B. Folger. NOVELTY MACHINE WORKS, by G. D. Colton & Co. These works are the product of a venture away back in pioneer days. In the spring of 1838 G. D. Colton, just out of his appren- ticeship as a cabinet maker, arrived in the embryo city of Galesburg, erected himself a little shop on the northwest corner of block 20, and commenced the manufacture of furniture. He had nothing but man- power to begin with, driving the lathe and mortise machine by treadle-power. In a few years a horse- power was added. His business increased and a new shop was needed with better machinery, which was put up on the southeast corner of the Public Square. The establishment continued to prosper, and about the time of the coming in of the railroads the shop was moved to its present site near the depot, and converted into a planing-mill and plow and cul- tivator factory. In 1865 Mr. Colton took in Mr. Cheeney as a partner, who added to the establishment a foundry and machine-shop, under the name of the " Novelty Works." After the death of Mr. Cheeney, C. S. Colton purchased an interest in the establishment, and the business was largely increased. One feat- ure of these works is the manufacture of the check- rower and corn-planter combined, called the " New Deal," an invention of O. J. Colton. This invention is highly spoken of The death, last July, of C. S. Colton was a sad loss to this establishment. Present officers— G. D. Colton, President; Francis Colton, Vice-President, and O. J. Colton, Secretary and Gen- eral Business Manager. FROST MANUFACTURING COMPANY. These works were established by J. P. Frost, in 1855, with W. S. Bellows and Andrew Harrington as partners, under the name of J. P. Frost & Co. Mr. Frost came from Henderson, where he had located as early as 1837. He first put up a saw-mill in Hen- derson Grove, which he run about six years. He then commenced farming, and while engaged in farming he did machine work at Galesburg and vicinity. After running for several years under the above name it was organized into a joint-stock company, under the name and style of " Frost Manufacturing Company." It was for many years the leading es- tablishment in the manufacture of all kinds of iron- work connected with steam engines, mills and heavy machinery. They also manufacture the spiral knife stalk-cutter, which was invented by R. H. and C. M. Avery, and the corn-planter. After Mr. Frost's death the business of this establishment was greatly diminished. The business has been increasing of late, and they now are having quite a sale for the Frost Elevator Engine and outfits. These are shipped as far as Dakota and to Nebraska, while they are largely patronized in this and adjoining States. A new feature has been introduced into their manufactory, and that is the clay-crusher. They employ from 30 to 40 men during the year. GALESBURG PRESSED BRICK AND TILE COMPANY. This extensive manufacturing company was char- tered April 4, 1883, with a capital stock of $50,000^ which was subsequently increased to ^150,000. A. C. Calkins, President; Charles R. Calkins, Treas- urer; J. H. Calkins, Secretary; and Joseph Stafford, Superintendent. The present officers are A. C. Cal- kins, President and Manager; J. H. Calkins, Secre- tary; H. M. Wheeler, Treasurer; and J. M. Bushong, Superintendent. This company has by ownership W^ *u -^ KNOX COUNTY. 1027 and lease 130 acres of clay-beds, which extend be- low the surface some 65 feet. In these beds aie de- posited the best kind of terra cotta clay. They have also a fine coal-bed down about 60 feet. They manufacture pressed brick, facing and or- namental brick and tile. Their pressed brick are of fine texture, with smooth and close-grained surface and attractive color. Some 800,000 were used the past year in street and sidewalk pavement, and so far they have been found to be very durable. Brick are shipped by this company to Chicago, and also to Peoria, where they have a large contract for street pavements. In December last a fire broke out, destroying their drying-room, machine-shop and shafting. These were immediately rebuilt and of a more substantial character. One great advantage the company have is in their drying-sheds, where artificial heat is used, which prevents exposure of the brick to weather. Some $So,ooo has been e.\- pended by the company in fitting up their works, which gives them now a complete plant for carrj-ing on their business. They employ from 60 to 75 men, and expect to turn out during the year 1886 from 11,000,000 to 12,000,000 of brick. This is one 0/ the industries that make trade and build up cities, and Galesburg should feel very proud of it. GALESBURG BRICK AND TERRA COTTA COMPANY. This company was established in the fall of 1884, with a capital stock of §50,000, and is incorporated. The officers of the company are L. L. Scott, President; John Bassler, Secretary; Albert Hurd, Treasurer, and Joseph Pine, Superintendent. The works are located east of the city, and since they started have made decided progress. They employ from 40 to 50 men, and have a capacity of 20,000 brick per day, which they propose to increase the coming season so that they will be able to supply foreign markets. They have good beds of clay which makes a paving brick claimed to be equal to stone. They have 50 acres of ground, with clay de- posits extending down 50 feet. Their brick has been used for paving and has proved very durable. With this and other brick-manufacturing com- panies, Galesburg ought to be well paved, as she will have right at her door a cheap and durable pav- ing material. INDUSTRIAL MACHINE- WORKS. This factory, which is owned by T. W. Peterson, is doing a good business. He makes a special feature of manufacturing brick and tile machinery. The Galesburg Brick and Terra Colta Company was fur- nished with boiler, engine and clay-crusher from these works. Mr. Peterson is working on a machine, or a steam press, for making tile and sewer pipe ranging up to two feet in diameter. All kinds of foundry-work up to two-ton castings can be done here. In the manufacture of light engines, ranging up to 20-horse power, the works have'been very suc- cessful, and all such engines sent out are giving sat- isfaction. Under the skillful management of Mr. Peterson these works are growing and are useful ad- juncts to the city. COLVILLE & BRO. This firm has a bookbmding establishment, which was established in 1856. They do all kinds of book- binding, jobwork, make blank books, etc. They also publish the Galesburg Directory, which they issue ever)' two years. THE DVE-WORKS. A very imixjrtant addition to the industries of Galesburg are -the Dye- Works established by Kraft & Chase. Tc start their works they first erected a fine brick building at a cost of $6,000, into which they placed §8,000 worth of machinery, all adapted for ' superior work. In the dye-room are 20 large vats for dyeing cotton goods, four dye-vats with steam-reel attachments for coloring, on a large scale, woolen goods, silks, velvets, plushes, etc. The latter vats have a capacity of 500 yards each per day. After dyeing, the goods are transferred to the second story to go through the finishing process. In this story is a steam-press, with a capacity of 40 tons' pressure. All the machinery is worked by steam-jwwer, a 15- horse power engine being one of the features of the works. Since these gentlemen started their dye-works, which was only a few months ago, they have estab- lished an enviable reputation for their dye works, and, in consequence, are securing a large patronage, which is not confined to Galesburg or Knox County. They perfectly understand their art, and are pains- taking, which is the secret of their success. They employ now about 15 hands. hover's BROOM FACTORY. This factory was established in 1867 by Mr. Boyer. •4-> H- rH> 1028 KNOX COUNTY. 4-4> He bought a lot on South Prairie street, upon which he erected a small building. Upon this lot, also, he moved an old frame building, which he converted into a factory and commenced the manufacture of brooms, employing six men at the start. His busi- ness increased rapidly and his factory was enlarged. In 1870 the factory with stock and machinery was burned, with a total loss, he having no insurance. He was not discouraged by this loss, but bought an additional lot and, within a month, had a new two- story frame building erected and again began his business, which increased rapidly. In 1881 another fire destroyed his works, involving a loss of $7,000. Profiting by his former experience, he was this time amply insured. This enabled him to rebuild and to put up a substantial factory. Subsequently he added steam-power and put in new and improved machine- ry. His business has constantly increased until it is now one of the fixed establishments of Galesburg. !He removed his old dwelling and upon its site he f erected a fine brick house at a cost of $4,000. Mr. I Boyer's success has been remarkable, he having been [4 blind from boyhood. His success shows what energy, ytoil and perseverance will do. He employs from 25 I to 35 men. The broom corn is obtained from Knox I and adjoining counties. His market is mostly in the * State. COLLEGE CITY SOAP FACTORY. This factory was established in the spring of 1885 by Pease & Bro., young and enterprising men, who propose to supply the people of the county with as good an article of plain or toilet soap as can be pur- chased anywhere. They have now a capacity of about 1,500 pounds daily, and intend to increase it. They use pure materials in their factory, and with their improved machinery and conscientious pride in theirbusiness, cannot but make a soap that will prove acceptable to all. ACME MILLING COMPANY. There is no article the manufacture of which is more beneficial to a community than good flour, and in this particular Galesburg is especially blessed. This mill was built many years ago, and after passing through many ownerships was organized into the Acme Milling Company , which was incorporated. The new proprietors rebuilt the mill, and reconstructed it on a larger plan ; took out the old machinery and put in the most approved roller system. The building is 30x60 feet, four stories high, and contains ten pairs of rollers. It has a capacity of 75 barrels of flour per day, besides meal and feed. A pure grade of flour is made by the Acme Mills, which is largely increasing its patronage. Wheat is shipped them from Minneapolis and Southern Illinois, from which they make their finest grades of flour. They also manufacture graham and rye flour. D. L. Pe- terson is President, and Miss Minnie Peterson Secre- tary and Treasurer; A. R. Stoner is the Superin- tendent and Manager ; E. M. Warfel, head miller. GALESBURG PLATING-WORKS. These works were started in 1884, and have rap- idly increased in business since. They were started by E. J. Tyler and Walter Gucker, who are thoroughly experienced in their trade. This estab- lishment is completely equipped for all branches of work in the plating line, which is done to the entire satisfaction of its patrons. They make a specialty of new work, which they sell at wholesale prices. , The people of Galesburg and vicinity can now have their plating done without going to foreign cities. Banking. HE first banking house opened in Gales- , burg was by J. F. Dunn, in 1853. It was located south of the Square, in the second story of \V. J. Wood's building. Here in a 7x9 room, in which was an iron safe propor- tioned in size to the room, the first bank of the city of Galesburg was opened. These quarters soon became too small for the business. In 1857 Mr. Dunn erected on the southeast corner of Main and Prairie streets a building known as Dunn's Block, and occupied the corner room as his banking office. It was not a bank of issue, but Mr. D. occasionally issued scrip as a convenience. During the war, in 1863, on Thanksgiving Day, the bank was closed up and the business was continued by D. H. Frisbie. In July, 1855, what was known as Reed's Bank- ing House was opened, with A. D. and Horatio Reed and E. L. Chapman as proprietors. The building first occupied was located on the south- west corner of the Square and Main street. Subse- quently they removed to the northwest corner of the Square and Main street. In 1857, having organized under the general bank- ■4^ H: , .y. . KNOX COUNTY. 1029 ing law of the State, it became a bank of issue. During the hard times, wheii many of the banks of the State went down in the general panic, this bank reared its head above the dark waters of ruin and remained firm. Its paper was at par. In i860 Mr. Reed erected a new building and moved into it. Here he remained until he moved to Chicago. This building is now owned and occupied by the Second National Bank. About this time the banking house of Sidney Meyers & Co. was opened. This firm was succeeded by the " Knox County Sa- vings Bank," which was of short life. In 1855 T. S. Mackay opened a large packing house in the southern part of the town, near the track. Subsequently he opened a bank, which was nominally located in Brownsville, Neb., but in reality in Galesburg. He built for its accommodation the building now owned and occupied by the city for offices. The bank was called Nemaha. It was a bank of issue, the bills of which circulated quite freely, and were found in many pockets after the doors of Nemaha were closed against tliem. To meet the expenses of the Rebellion, a new circulating medium was introduced, a new system of banking was established, and the old " wild-cat " cur- rency disappeared from the country with the opening of National Banks. The first opened in Galesburg was the First National Bank, which was organized in January, 1S64, with a capital stock of $100,000. Subse- quently it was increased to $150,000. Its first offi- cers were C. H. Mathews, President ; F. Colton, Vice- President ; E. L. Chapman, Cashier. In 1S66 they erected their new banking house, which was on the site of the " Old Academy," This bank has had a large patronage, and is one of the substantial banks of the country. Pres- ent officers : Francis Fuller, President ; Asa A. Mat- teson, Vice-President; Joseph Hoover, Cashier; W. H. Bigelow, Teller. In May, 1864, the Second National Bank was or- ganized with a capital stock of $60,000, which was afterward increased to $100,000. The first officers were: David Sanborn, President; Edwin Post, Vice- President ; Albert Reed, Cashier. Geo. W. Brown, David Sanborn, W. S. Bellows, Josiah Babcock, H. Hitchcock, Alfred Knowles, E. Post, M. W. Gay and A. G. Watkins were the first Board of Directors. This has been a very successful banking institution, never failing to pay liberal dividends. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank was estab- lished in 1870, with a capital of $100,000. A savings department was attached to this bank, which was continued until 1880. The first Board of Directors were: E. R. Adams, C. S. Colton, A. S. Hoover, C. E. Grant, \V. H. Little, Marcus Belden, H. S. Hurd, John B. Colton and O. T. Johnson. C. S. Colton, President; C. E.Grant, Vice-President; \V. Little, Cashier, and P. F. Brown, Teller. This bank has had but four presidents since its organization — C. S. Colton, John Becker, Francis Colton and James L. Burkhalter, the present incumbent. This has been one of the popular banking institutions of Gales- burg, and has been continually prosperous. Present officers: James L. Burkhalter, President; \V. Sea- cord, Vice-President; P. F. Brown, Cashier; I. G. Dieterich, Teller. The city of Galesburg has a cause of great pride in her banking institutions ; none have ever de- faulted, and no blemish casts its shadow uiwn them. Churches. HERE is perhaps no city of its size in the State more favored with religious societies than Galesburg. Almost every member of the colony which located here in 1836 was deeply rooted and grounded in the faith of the Gospel of Christ, and one of their first acts was to provide a place of worship. The following congregations have houses of worship here : First Church of Christ. This church, which has been appropriately called the " Mother of Churches," had its inception at Log City soon after the first in- stallment of the Galesburg Colony arrived, or during the winter of 1836-37. Rev. Geo. VV. Gale was the first clergyman to preach to this congregation, and was assisted by Rev. John T. Avery. A series of meetings was held during this winter, and several conversions were made among the youths of Log City. On the 25th of February, 1837, an organization was perfected, with 82 members. On this occasion Rev. Messrs. Gale and Waters officiated, assisted by Rev. Mr. Noel, of Knoxville, who represented the Schuyler Presbytery. The church is Presbyterian in its name and also in its ecclesiastical relations, but with a strong Congregational element pervading it, out of deference to which the modes of administering its -> — 1030 =x^ ™^"*H H^ KNOX COUNTY. affairs were to some extent modified. During the summer of 1837, Galesburg village having been started, and many of the families moved in from Log Cit)', public worship was held alternately at these places. The first room used for holding services in Galesburg was a store-room, built by Duncan M. Chambers, which was afterward used for a store. In the winter of 1 839 the first academy building was used for holding services, and continued to be used until the summer of 1846, when a house of worship was so far completed as to permit the holding of meetings in it. This edifice was not finished until the early part of 184S, when it was dedicated. For some three years subsequent this was the only house of worship, and on Christmas every denomination in the village would worship together here. In 1851 a lecture-room was added to the building. The same year in which this church held its meetings in the academy was one of great spiritual prosperity, and probably the most interesting period in its his- tory. Revs. G. W. Gale and J. Waters served as acting pastors of the church for the first three years. It was then supplied for one year by Rev. Mr. Foote. Mr. Gale then resumed his pastoral duties for a year, and was followed by President Kellogg, who ^ was stated supply for two years. For the next year the pulpit was supplied by Revs. Marsh, Waters and HoUister. From May, 1844, to May, 1845, Rev. Mr. Parker was acting pastor. Mr. Kellogg was at this time installed as pastor, and served till his health gave way, in the spring of 1847. President Blanchard succeeded him as pastor, and he in turn was succeeded by Mr. Bascom, in December, 1840, who served till May, 1856. Rev. Charles Tyler then took charge, remaining three years, when he retired and Mr. Barnard was a supply for about six months. Rev. F. T. Perkins then took charge, remaining un- til 1868, when he was succeeded by Willis J. Beecher. In 187 1 Mr. Beecher retired and Henry M. Tyler was called to take charge, serving until 1872, when he was succeeded by F. Bascom, who only remained till December of that year. After Mr. Bascom came Henry S. Huntington, who remained until November, 1876. In April, 1877, Alex. R. Thain assumed the pastoral duties, and is the pres- ent pastor. In 1845 the church government was modified and a compromise plan adonted, securing to both Con- gregationalists and Presbyterians their preferences. and giving the church a double ecclesiastical connec- tion. In 1856 the term Presbyterian was dropped from its name, and it has since been known as the First Church of Christ, having withdrawn from the Presbytery previous to this action. In 1854 the Second Presbyterian Church was organized, with 30 members, who withdrew from this church for that purpose. During this same year 18 members withdrew from this church and, with others, formed the Old-School Presbyterian Church. In 1855, another limb was taken from it for the or- ganization of the Congregational Church. While from this church members have been taken to form others, it still remains numerically one of the strongest in the city. It has a membership now of 503, with a large, flourishing Sunday-school of 250 members. The building is a plain, substan- tial one, and while, since its erection, costlier and more stylish edifices have gone up, there is none in which there is more true Christianity. First Methodist Episcopal Church. This church was organized in the year r847 by Rev. J. J. Hed- strom. The membership was small, and for sev-^ eral years it met for worship in a school-house anap at the homes of its members. Galesburg church at that time was simply an " appointment," and was embraced within the bounds of the Knoxville Circuit. In 1851, at the corner of Kellogg and Tompkins streets, a small wooden church building was erected. Peter Cartwright, of sainted memory, preached the dedication sermon. In 1855 the Galesburg Church became a " sta- tion," and Rev. Milton S. Haney .was appointed as its pastor. Rev. John P. Brooks next served as pas- tor, from the fall of 1856 to that of 1858. Rev. Jo- seph O. Gilbert followed him from 1858 to i860. Rev. W. H. Hunter from i860 to October, 1862. It was during his pastorate that the church building was enlarged and greatly improved. Rev. L. B. Kent, the following pastor, remained until the con- ference of 1864; under his labors many were con- verted and added to the church. Rev. A. Magee received the next appointment, and served acceptably for three years, or until the fall of 1867. Rev. M. F. Havermale and Rev. D. H. Gray, the first for one year, and the latter, owing to failing health, for only one year and a half, tlie last few months being sup- plied by Rev. M. S. Haney. Rev. G. VV. Arnold served for three years, retiring in 1873. It was dur- ■*t 4 KNOX COUNTY. 1031 ing his labors that the first steps were taken toward building, and work commenced on the new and pres- ent beautiful church edifice. Rev. Selah W. Brown, a nephew of Hon. George \V. Brown, followed with three years of noble work, doing much to advance the cause of Christ, and aid- ing greatly in the financial interests of the church. In October, 1876, Rev. Geo. \V. Brown, a brother of Selah W. Brown, succeeded the latter for three years, also doing the church lasting benefit. From 1879 to t882, Rev. R. G. Pearce filled the pulpit with honor to himself and greatly blessing the church. From 1882 to 1884, Rev. Wm. M. Collins was pas- tor, being succeeded by Rev. H. D. Clark, the present worthy incumbent. As before mentioned, in 1872, during the pastorateof Rev. G. W. Arnold, the present church structure was erected on the site of the old one, costing, together with a new parsonage, about §40,000, the corner- stone being laid in July of that year. Rev. R. M. f Hatfield officiating at the ceremony. I In January, 1873, the basement or lecture-room, be- 1 ing completed,was dedicated by Bishop Bowman. The " people occupied it for worship and all church meet- ings until Feb. 27, 1876, when the auditorium, being ready, was dedicated by Bishop Harris, and for the ^ past ten years has been a source of comfort and pride to its people. The present membership of the church is about 400. A flourishing Sabbath-school, with an average at- tendance of 250 scholars, meets every Sabbath in the lecture-room. The church has become a power in Galesburg, and its influence is being felt for good throughout Knox County Under the administration of the present pastor, Rev. H D. Clark, the interests of the church are being carefully watched and the cause of Christ advanced. Sweiiish Methodist Episcopal Church of Galesburg was organized in 1851, by Rev. J.J. Hedsirom. They had no regular pastors until 1857. During the previous year they erected their house of wor- ship and completed and dedicated it in January, 1857. The first regular pastor was Rev. A. J. Anderson, who took charge of the church in the early part of 1857, remaining two years. The following-named pastors followed in the order named : Revs. P. Newberg, one year; L. Lindquist, three years; N. O. Westergraen, one year; A. J. Anderson, two years ; S. B. Newnan, two years ; N. O. Westergreen, four years. During the pastorate of Mr. Westergreen they erected their fine new church edifice, at a cost of about $1 7,000. It stands on the corner of Waters and Kellogg streets. Rev. John Liend was the next pastor in charge, remaining two years. During Mr. Liend's term, the house was finished and a great por- tion of the debt was paid off. Succeeding Mr. Liend, in the order in which they are named, were Revs. Al- fred Anderson, three years ; O. Gunderson, three years; H. W. Ekiand, two years; E. Shogren, two years, and then C. G. Nelson, the present pastor. At the time of the erection of the new house of wor- ship, an old house was purchased, moved onto the church property and refitted for a parsonage, and was used for such until last year, when it was sold, moved off and a new parsonage commenced, which was completed in the early part of this year at a cost of §2,000. The first members were John Peter Peterson, Peter Cassell, Anders Anderson, Mrs. Sophia and Miss Carrie Anderson, and Miss Caroline Lassan. This society has been quite prosperous and has a membership at present of about 330, with an aver- age attendance at Sunday-school of 200. The Methodist Episcopal (African) Church is lo- cated on Tompkins street, and is in a thriving condi- tion. Rev. J. W. Laws is the present pastor, and he presides over a congregation of some 180 members. During the past year they have been making many improvements in and about their house of worship. They have a good Sabbath-school, with some 75 members. Mr. Laws is an eloquent man and a great favorite with his congregation. First Congregational Church. The rapid increase of population in this community, and the want of sufficient room in the Presbyterian house of worship to accommodate all who applied, led the pastor and many members of that church to the conviction that the time had arrived for the organization of a new church. Accordingly, after a full discussion of the matter in various meetings held for that pur|X)se, and with the general assent of the church, a number of breth- ren and sisters observed a day of fasting and prayer, in order to secure the divine aid and blessing in their proposed undertaking. ■Xr: -^ zrt'. 1032 a:nox county. November 9, 1855, those interested met at the lect- ure-room of the Presbyterian Church at 2 o'clock P. M., and 51 members presented themselves for or- ganization into a Congregational Church. After their organization, they voted that the church be called the First Congregational Church of Gales- burg. It was also voted to extend an invitation to Rev. Edward Beecher, D. D., of the Salem Church, Bos- ton, to become the pastor of the church, which invi- tation was accepted. Rev. Edward Beecher served the church until 1871. They had supphes until 1872, when Rev. M. L. Williston assumed the pastorate, remaining until 1876. He was succeeded by Rev. A. A. Ells- worth, who remained until Rev. J. W. Bradshaw,the present pastor, was called. Mr. Bradshaw is a man of culture and ability, and is advancing the interests of the church. During the past year the Young People's Literary Society was organized, which is doing a good work. The church edifice was erected in 1856 at a cost of $15,000. It had the misfortune of losing its spire, carried away by a tornado in 1858. It was replaced the same year. Present membership 32 i, with a Sab- bath-school of 266 members. Presbyterian Church. This congregation is the result of the union of the Second Presbyterian Church and the Old-School Presbyterians, which were offshoots from the First Church, they having organized into separate congregations in 1854. Dur- ing the winter of 1869-70 the question of a union of the two churches was discussed at length, and was finally agreed upon, the union taking place March i. Services were held in the house belong- ing to the Second Presbyterian Church. Rev. M. B. Lowrie, who was for many years pastor of this church, resigned early in 1885, when they were with- out a pastor for several months, and were served by supplies. In November last a call was extended to Rev. Mr. Worrall, which was accepted, and in De- cember following he entered upon the discharge of his duties. The membership at present is about 250, with a flourishing Sabbath-school of 225 scholars. Christian Church. An organization of the mem- bers of this church was perfected some years ago. Meetings were held in private rooms for some time, when the old Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church building was purchased for $1,000. Subsequently it was removed from East Ferris street to West Tompkins street, and refitted. This congregation has not been very prosperous. They had at one time a membership of 60. Many of their members have moved away, and no regular services have been held for several months. The Lutheran Church was organized in Novem- ber, 1852, with about 20 members. Jt was organ- ized by Dr. T. N. Hasselquist, now of Rock Island. Many of those who formed the first organization are still living, and members of this church. The pres- ent house of worship was erected in 1869 at the cor- ner of Water and Seminary avenues, at a cost of $15,000. Since then a parsonage has been secured, worth $3,000. Mr. Hasselquist served the church until 1864, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Dahlsten, who remained until 1869. From 1869 to 1873 Rev. N. T. Winquist had charge, and was fol- lowed by Rev. S. P. A. Lindahl, who remained until 1885, when the present pastor, Rev. C. A. Backman, commenced his duties. Communicant members number about 1,000; total membership, 1,600. The past year the membership was increased nearly 100. ^ Mr. Backman is an eurnest worker and a gentle- man of fine ability and scholarship. To him is due in a great measure the present prosperous condition of the church. An interesting Sabbath-school is one of the attractive features of this society. The congregation have two sewing societies and a com- mittee to look after the wants of the poor. A school- house has been erected, adjoining the church, at a cost of $2,000. Its dimensions are 40x60 feet. To- tal valuation of church property, $25,390. The Second Lutheran Church was organized in August, 1868, by Rev. Nickolaus Bergenskold. They erected a substantial house of worship. Considera- ble interest has been awakened in this church the past year, and the membership has been increased to upward of 200. They have a good Sunday-school, with an average attendance of 75. Present pastor. Rev. E. G. Hjerpe. First Baptist Church. This congregation was or- ganized in 1847. Some years after their organiza- tion they purchased a lot on the corner of Broad and Tompkins streets, upon which they erected a church building. In 1857 a portion of the membership withdrew and formed wliat was called the Cherry Street Baptist Church. This separation did not 'JKTZ \ t .Y. KNOX COUNTY. »033 prove advantageous, and Nov. 6, 1S64, they again united and formed the present church, called the First Baptist Church. Rev. Mr. Stickney was the first pastor, serving the church one year. He was followed by Revs. A. Gross, Barr)-, Reuben Newton, Silas Tucker, Eustis, J. W. Daniels, H. H. Northrup, \V. W. ^Joore, all serving short terms, until 1865. In the spring of 1865, Rev. \Vm. D. Clark took charge, serving until 1868. It was during his pas- torate that they erected the present fine edifice, which cost $29,000. Rev. J. H. Griffith followed Mr. Clark, remaining until 1873, when he was succeeded by Rev. \V. M. Haigh, who remained until 1877. From 1877 to 1878 Rev. W. H. H. Templeton was in charge; from 1878 to 1880, Rev. J. W. L. Booth. Mr. Booth was succeeded by Rev. O. A. Williams, the present pastor. During the past year the inside of the building has been redecorated at a cost of §1,000. This society is in a prosperous condition, and has a membersliip at present of 400, and a Sabbath-school of 550 schol- ars, which is in charge of E. R. Drake, Superintend- ent. ' Second Baptist i^Africaii) Church was organized in 1865 by Rev. A. W. Jackson. Their house of wor- ship stands on the corner of South and Cherry 'streets. It is a good frame building, costing about $5,000. Rev. A. W. Newsora is the present pastor, and has proved a good and successful pastor for this organization, and has done much toward invigorating and advancing its interests. To him is the church indebted for the large increase in its membership during the past year, and its present favorable finan- cial condition. They have a membership of about eoo, and a Sabbath-school numbering some 50 pupils. Episcopal Church. Grace Church was organized in 1859. Their church building is located on the corner of Prairie and Tompkins streets. It is a frame building of Gothic architecture. Rev. C. Shrirapton is the present pastor, and has an average attendance at his service of 250. A Sunday-school is attached, which is very prosperous, and is con- ducted by W. F. Bailey, the efficient Superintendent. Universalis t Church. This society was organized in January, 1856, with some 25 members. It has had its periods of prosperity and adversity during all these years. Not having the strength of organiza- tion which is secured by the orthodox system, these organizations are often depressed for want of proper supix)rt, and sometimes broken up altogether. The present condition of this church in Gales- burg is very fair, and it is reasonably prosperous. Tlie society is out of debt and has a good liouse of worship. The present membership is about 180, %vith an average attendance of i^o. An interesting Sabbath-school is one of the features of the society, which is under the superintendency of John W. Grubb. Connected with the cluirch is a Young Peo- ple's Missionary Association, the objects of which are to develop the missionary service, distribute religious literature and to raise funds in the interest of the church. The present pastor is Rev, S. Crane. The Church of Corpus Christi {Catholic). The first opening of the Catholic service in Galesburg was by a missionary at a very eariy day. Services were held in a shanty, which was afterward blown down. Rev. John O'Neil was the first settled priest, and it was during his pastorate that the first church building was erected, which was in 1857. This was located in the southwest part of the town. Father O'Neil was succeeded in 1863 by Rev. James Power, who only remained one year, when Rev. Maurice Howard assumed charge. Mr. How- ard served the church until 1877, when Rev. Joseph Costa, the present pastor, was appointed. Father Costa neither liked the old church build- ing nor its location, and it was not long after he as- sumed charge before he began to lay his plans for a new edifice and a new location. What he wanted was a good location in the center of the city. All available ground, however, was occupied. But he made up his mind he would not build until he se- cured grounds that suited him. A few years" waiting and the exercise of a little strategy finally brought him into possession of just the site he wanted, which was on the corner of South and Prairie streets. Work was then commenced, which finally terminated in the completion of the present edifice. The corner- stone was laid in May, 1884, by Bishop Spaulding. It was dedicated Sunday, Oct. 4, 1885, the services being conducted by Bishop Spaulding, of Peoria. The building is 122 feet long by .■;7 feet in width. The foundation is of cut stone, and the superstruct- ure is of brick. Its graceful and weIl-proiX)rtioned spire rises 150 feet high. The auditorium is large, % ■->■ 4-} KNOX COUNTY. to34 light and airy and elegantly finished, having a heavy Gothic ceiling with groined side arches on each side, and across the front is a gallery. From each side of the altar there are also two invisible galleries, which command a view of the altar through arched open- ings. The altar is beautifully and artistically de- signed. The panel in front represents the Lord's Supper. The figures are in basso-relievo, carved in wood and exceedingly well executed. The basement, which is quite high, is fitted up for a vesper room and other like services. It is lighted with gas and heated by steam. iVIr. Guido was the architect and Matthias Schnell the builder. To Father Costa, however, the credit must be given for the design and plan of the edifice. Total cost of building and grounds, S35'0°°- A. bell has been put in, weighing 600 pounds, and costing $600. A large pipe organ is to be an additional attraction. Father Costa is assisted by Father Selva. The present membership of the church consists of 200 f parochial fauiilies and about 100 mixed families. Secret and Benevolent Societies. 'HERE are, perhaps, more organizations, and in a more flourishing condition, coming under the above heading, than in many cities of double its size. Almost every variety of secret and benevolent societies is repre- sented here, as shown by the following sketches : MASONIC. Alpha Lodge, .\o. 155, was chartered Oct. 3, 1854, with J. W. Spaulding, J. L. Clay, Isaac Delano, C. P. West, L. Dolbear, L. C. Conger, J. I. McCool, J. P. Fuller, Stephen Hitchcock and A. S. Davenport, as charter members. J. W. Spaulding was appointed W. M. ; S. Dolbear, S. W. ; J. P. Fuller, J. W. Preseat officers are: George W. Thompson, W. M.; George H. Perren, S. W.;- Fletcher Carney, J. VV. ; C. E. Allen, Treas. ; A. J. Ostrander, Secy. ; A. W. Silvius, Chaplain; B. Anderson, S. D.; J. C. HolHs, J. D. ; W. N. Harvey, S. S. ; H. B. Burton, J. S. ; William Patch, Tiler. This lodge has been prosper- ous since it was instituted, but its membership has been lessened by death and emigration, and has a present membership of 140. It has no debts, but on the contrary has a fund which is invested in stocks. They have a fine hall, which is used jointly by all the Masonic bodies in the town. Connected with the hall is a banquet-room, and room for regalias and uniforms. Vesper Lodge, No. 584, A., F. &' A. M., was chartered Oct. 6, 1868. Charter members: Robert B. Carson, John M. Morse, David Greenleaf, John C. Stewart, Charles E. Baldwin, Jonas F. Anderson, James T. McKnight, William O. Claycomb, John McFarland, Robert N. Pollock, George C. Lan- phere, Julius L. Dewey, Oscar F. Price. First officers : R. B. Carson, W. M. ; J. M. Morse, S. W. ; D. Greenleaf, J. W. ; C. E. Baldwin, Treas.; J. Mc- Farland, Secy. ; J. L. Dewey, S. D ; R. N. Pollock, J. D. ; O. F. Price, S. S. ; J. F. Anderson, J. S. ; Tliomas McQueen, Tiler. Present membership, 128. Present officers : W. R. Hoyle, Jr., W. M. ; F.J. Allen, S. W. ; F. E. Fellows, J. W. ; J. F. Anderson, Treas. ; N. A. Knowles, S. D. ; H. N. Joslyn, J. D. ; G. W. Williams, Tiler; P. Zetterberg and J. P. Howland, Stewards. They have a large, beautiful hall, elegantly decorated, and well equipped and furnished with a banquet-room and armory-room, with closets, etc. They have an organ ; money invested in the C, B. & Q. R. R. bonds, and money at interest, and have J no debts. The lodge is on the increase and in a very prosperous condition. The hall they finished off and furnished at their own expense. The hall is ' owned jointly by the four Masonic bodies. They have two Trustees from each body, wliich constitute the Board of Trustees of Masonic Hall, which is in- corporated under the laws of the State. The Board has charge of all Masonic property, makes assessment on the individual membership for payment of bills. The Masonic Lodges of the city took prominent part in the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone to the new court-house, June 24, 1885. The stone was laid by the M. W. Grand Master, Alex. T. Darrah. Gaksbtirg Chapter, No. 46, was chartered Oct. 2, 1858, with J. W. Spaulding,'G. C. Lanphere, Caleb Finch, S. C. Buckley, W. W. Patch, H. M. Hale, E. W. Hazzard, I. A. Perry, T. N. McQueen and E. L. Ives as charter members, with J. W. Spaulding, H. P. ; George C. Lanphere, King; Caleb Finch, Scribe. The Chapter holds its meetings in the Masonic Hall. Present officers : Rowley Page, H. P. ; H. R. San- derson, King; E. C. Stone, Scribe; F. E. Fellows, Captain of the Host ; W. R. Hoyle, P. S.. ; P. F. Brown, Treas.; N. A. Knowles, Secy. ; R.C.Harris, =*^ ■^^ 4 H- KNOX COUNTY. '03S R. A. C. Present membership about 97. This Chapter is prosperous and in good working order. KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. GaUsburg Commandery, No. 8. The Blue Lodge and the Chapter were established at an early day, and have been prosperous notwithstanding the bitter opposition made by a man by the name of Jonathan Blanchard. It seemed that the more secret societies were denounced by this man, the more they pros- pered, and in the winter of 1S59 the members of the Masonic fraternity concluded to establish a com- mandery. Prominent among these were Messrs. T. N. McQueen and William McMurtry. The former had received orders in Ireland and the latter in Joliet. A dispensation, upon petition of these men and others, was granted at Chicago, May 9, 1859. The first conclave was held May 31, 1S59, in Ma- sonic Hall. The officers and Sir Knights present were : H. W. Hubbard, E. C. ; William McMurtry, Gen. ; T. N. McQueen, Capt. Gen. ; R. E. Good- rich, Treas. ; J. W. Parish, Rec. ; Z. N. Hotchkiss, S. W.; C. E. Munger, J. W. ; L. Keyon, Warder. ^ and J. P. Fuller, C. G. At this conclave ten com- panions petitioned for the orders, all of whom were accepted, to wit : James A. Thompson, John W. • Spaulding, George C. Lanphere, H. M. Hale, John A. Marshall,' A. C. Dunnaker, A. W. Simpson, Sid- nev Meyers, Caleb Finch and E. W. Hazzard. On the i2thof December, 1859, a special dispensation was granted to the commandery, in which James A. Thompson was appointed E. C. ; J. W. Spaulding was appointed Generalissimo and Caleb Finch, Cap- tain-General. A charter for the commander)' was granted Oct. 22, i860. The charter members were James A. Thompson, John W. Spaulding, George C. Lanphere, Mollis M. Hale, Augustus S. Converse, Caleb Finch, John A. Marshall, T. N. McQueen, H. D. S. Smith and S. H. D. Mathews, of whom only two are living — Messrs. H. M. Hale and J. A. Marshall. On Dec. 18, 1863, the officers of the commandery were publicly installed During this year it was honored by the Grand Commandery of the State, by the election of one of its members, G. C. Lanphere, Grand Commander. At several different times the commandery has gone into encampment for the pur- fxjse of drill, once at Rock Island, once at Keiths- burg, once at Oquawka and once at Knoxville. Like most of similar bodies, this society has had its periods of prosperity and adversity, but it has passed successfully through all and stands to-day as high as any commandery outside of Chicago, and has a membership of 170. With financial matters in an excellent condition, it has a record of which any body might be proud. Meetings are held in the Masonic Hall. Present officers: J. L. Burkhalter, E. C. ; P. S. Port, GIs. ; A. A. Price, Capt. Gen. ; N. A. Knowles, Prelate ; Thomas Harrison, S. W. ; T. J. Hale, J. W. ; P. F. Brown, Treas.; J. H. Cal- kins, Rec. ODD FELLOWS. Gahsburg Lodge, No. 140, was chartered Oct. 12 1854. The Metropolitan Block, in which they had their hall, was burned in 1873, consuming all their books and records. A charter was re-issued to them Oct. 14, 1873. The first charter members were E. F. Wicker, W. D. Holcorab, S. G. Cowan, Robert McCormick and B. H. Harrington. This was the first lodge of this order instituted in Galesburg. It has a membership at present of 70, and is in a good financial condition, having a fund in stocks of §3,500, and is flourishing handsomely. Their hall is owned jointly by the three lodges, and is well equipped and furnished. Present officers : John G. Malick, N. G.; B. F. Reynolds, V. G.; E. Scharps, Secretary; E. J. Ostrander, Treasurer. This Order propose soon to erect for their use a fine building, and have some $20,000 subscribed for that purpose. Veritas Lodge, .\o. 478, was instituted Feb. 14, 1872, with 16 charter members, and received a charter October 8 of the same year. At its organ- ization the following officers were elected : Newton Briggs, N. G.; C. A. Dirr, V. G.; Thomas Aylesbury, Secretary ; D. E. Holston, Treasurer. It has a mem- bership at present of 97. Present officers : E. W. Searle, N- G.; James E. Hamblin, V. G.; W. F. Mc- Cawley, Secretar)- ; Hiram Mars, Treasurer. This lodge is increasing in members and is prosperous. They hold their sessions with the other lodges. First Scandinavian Lodge, No. 446, was instituted Jan. 26, 187 I, and was chartered October 11, follow- ing. It was burned out in 1873, and was re-char- tered Oct. 14, 1873. There were 13 charter members. First officers : A W. Berggren, N. G.; A. Klingsoerg, V. G.; P. B. Anderson, Secretary ; John Clarkson, Treasurer. This lodge was formed from Lodge No. 142; membership, about 50. Present officers: A, 1036 KNOX COUNTY. ^* W. Berggren, N. G.; C. N. Munson, V. G.; J. O. Frosty Recording Secretary; J. F. Anderson, Permanent Secretary; A. Hofflund, Treasurer. The lodge is in good financial condition. The records were all lost by the fire; no insurance. The following are the present officers : A. W. Berggren, N. G.; C. N. Mun- son, V. G.; J. O. Frost, R. S.; J. F. Anderson, P. S.; A. Hofflund, T. Aftior Lodge, No. 5g4, was chartered Oct. 15, 1875, with George Host, Henry Bierdermann, Peter Wies, lAither Becker, Carl Host and Jacob Gretz- inger. Present membership, 27. Present officers — S. G. Hoffheimer, N.G.; D. Muhlberger, V. G.; Max J. Mack, Secretary; J. Gretzinger, Treasurer; F. Oestricher, Jolm Walter, Henry Gardt and S. Froe- lich, Trustees. The lodge is in good working order and financial condition. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Myrtle Lodge, No. 100, organized April 12, 1882; regular meetings every Thursday evening at their hall, in Washburn's Block, 216 Main street. First officers were B. Lindburg, P. C; J. O. Frost, C. C; I H. La Hann, V. C; C. M. C. Burns, P.; N. E. John- '^son, K. of R. & S.; C. L. Hedell, M. of Exch.; E. I L. Thorsen, M. of F.; N. P. Swenson, M. at A.; S. I F. Sivenson, J. G.; F. Weinman, O. G.; J. O. Frost, ^ Rep. to Grand Lodge. The officers for the present term are Fletcher Carney, P. C; N. P. Swenson, C. C; George Ekins, V. C; W. C. Parker, P.; J. O. Frost, K. of R. & S.; Gust. Henderson, M. of Exch.; H. P. Parker, M. of F ; E. P. Williams, M. at A.; F. Weinman, L G.; G. W. Williams, O. G.; N. P. Swenson, Rep. 10 Grand Lodge. Present member- ship, 65. hsel Lodge, Ac. 127, instituted Aug. 8, 1884; meets every Friday evening in Knights of Pythias Hall, 216 Main street. First officers: S. D. Cole, P. C; C. L Hubbell, C. C; B. J. Huff, V. C; E, O. Clark, P.; G. L. Arnold, M. of Exch.; A. G. Humphrey, M. of F.; D. S. Hecker, K. of R. & S.; D. S. Markley, M. at A.; George S. Best, J. G.; Ed. Rogers, O. G.; C. L. Hubbell, Grand Lodge Rep. Officers for present term are M. P. Hale, P. C; F. C. Willoughby, C. C; R. C. Hunt, V. C; William Cousins, P.; J. Bellows, M. of Exch.; S. D. Cole, K. of R. & S. and M. of F.; D. S. Markley, M. at A.; J. Smith, J. G.; W. W. Adams, O. G. Present mem- bership, 40. The order is in a prosperous condition; financially the two lodges represent over $1,500. THE A. o. u. w. The four bodies of the A. O. U. W. have a good hall, which they use jointly. The hall has been neatly fitted up at a cost of about $1,000. A good organ forms a part of this furniture, and a piano, which they lease. Each one of them has a liberal sick benefit fund, which is one of the blessings offered by them in time of need. Garfield Legion, No. S, was organized March 20, 1882, with 1 9 charter members. First officers — T. W. Russell, S. C; H. Emrich, V. C. ; Ed. Flinn, Lt. C; P. F. Clark, Rec; Thos. Hopkins, Treas.; G. W. Fitch, Rec. Treas.; A. G. Johnston, Chaplain ; John H. Davidson, St. B.; Christian Hanson, J. W.; Charles H. Edmund, S. W.; A. G. Millspaugh, Mar- shal. Its membership now is 33. Present officers : W. O. Salisbury, S. C; A. J. Capron, V. C; J. W. Dukes, L. C; E. B. Rhodes, St. B.; A. F. Starr, S. W.; W. A. Starrett, J. W.; R. W. Sweeney, Rec; O. P. Wenquist, Treas.; Thos. Hopkins, Guard ; H. , Emrich, Marshal ; J. Sanquist, Trustee. It is in good condition and prosperous. I Vasa Lodge, No. 210, was chartered March 18,-M [882, with 28 charter members. First officers: John A. Engstrum, P. M. W.; S. G Johnson, M. W.; John A. Johnson, Recorder; Andrew D. Johnston, Finan- , cier; Nelse P. Paulson, Receiver; Frank G. Strom- stedt. Foreman; C. H. Edmund, Overseer; John Chelstram, Guide; August Johnson, Inside Watch- man; Charles Scaglund, Outside Watchman. This lodge is increasing in membership, and its finances are in a good condition. Present number, 50. Offi- cers: Nels M. Burg, Master Workman; Orrin Linroth, Foreman; A. F. Starr, Overseer; August Johnson, Recorder; O. P. Wenquist, Financier; P. B. Fried- Uind, Receiver; A\igust Johnson, Guide; Aleck fohnson. Inside Watchman; H. Hawkinson, Out- side Watchman ; Trustees — A. F. Starr, elected for three years ; Frank G. Stromstedt, elected for two years. Gale Lodge, No. iig, was organized July 18, 1878, with 34 charter members. First officers: P.F.Clark, P. M. W. ; D. S. Hecker, M. W.; F. A. Brown, Fore- man ; James Webb, Overseer; E. J. Tyler, Guide; S. H. Oleson, Recorder; John Sadler, Financier; J. A. Peterson, Recorder; J. K. Howland, J. W. ; A. N. Tyler, O. W. Trustees : F. A. Brown, J. R. Pol- lock and P. F. Clark. The following are the present u ?jh- JCNOX COUNTY. '037 officers: R. W. Sweeney, M. W. ; Geo. E. Duty, Foreman; J. \V. Long, Overseer; J. O. Frost, Re- corder; H. Emrich, Financier; M. Squires, Receiver; A. Leech, Guide; B. Hurt, I. W. ; Jas. Boyd, O. W.; Trustee, F. Carney. Financial condition good ; funds on hand. The lodge is increasing and prosperous. College City Lodge, No 214, was chartered April 29, 1882, with 85 charter members. First officers : M. Mount, P. M. W.; Rowley Page, M. vy.; W. O. Lovejoy, Foreuian ; E. S. Kimball, Overseer; H. W. Carpenter, Financier; J. F. Boydston, Receiver; H. H. Blick, Recorder; C. E Dudley, Guide ; W. W. Tompkins, I. W. ; Chas. T. Eldridge, O. VV. ; S. D. Pollock, NL E. Present membership, 104. Finan- cial condition good, and funds to meet all beneficiary demands. Present officers : C. T. Eldridge, M. W.; G. W. Tuttle, Foreman; W. E. Looniis, Overseer; A. H. Blick, Recorder, re-elected; F. S. Bartlelt, Financier, re-elected; VV. B. Wood, Receiver, re- elected ; E. B. Rhodes, Guide ; James Kingan, L \V. ; W. O. Salisbury, O. \V. ; S. K. McCullough, Trustee, re-elected. ORDER OF RAILROAD CONDUCTORS — GR.AND DIVISION. This order had its inception at Mendota, 111., in 1868. It was organized with 8 members and i , division. They now have 187 divisions and about 8,000 members. Their headquarters aie in Chicago. Here they publish a monthly magazine, which is un- der the management of the Grand Secretary and Treasurer, W. P. Daniels. This order has a system of insurance for the benefit of disabled members, their widows and orphans. Under its provisions the disabled brother, or, in case of his deatli, his widow or orphans, if such there be, receive $2,500. In this direction the order has paid out up to date about 3 1 00,000. They have at present about $2,925 in the treasury. This is an organization in which every railroad company should take a deep interest and give every [wssible encouragement. Grand Chief Conductor, C. S. Wheaton ; Grand Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. P. Daniels. Galesburg Division, A^o. Sj, Order of Railroad Conductors, was chartered July 25, 1883, with 47 charter members. The first officers were : E. H. Belknap, Chief Conductor; W. O. Salisbury, Assist- ant Chief Conductor; W. S. Dewey, Secretary and Treasurer; Wm. Patrick, Senior Conductor; Thomas Brown, Junior Conductor; D. V. Simpson, Inside Sentinel; J. L. Long, Outside Sentinel; Ed. Flinn, W. C. Johns and W. O. Salisbury, Trustees. The object of this order is to promote the interests of conductors and advance the standard of the serv- ice. Members of this order are pledged to avoid all irregularities and intemperance which might impair their faculties or debase the dignity of their profes- sion ; to aid a brother when in difficulty, console liim in the hour of grief, relieve him when in distress, counsel him when asfay, and to avoid every word and act that might injure him in person, character, purse or feeling. They are also pledged to support the by-laws and all the rules of the Division, together with the constitution and statutes of the Grand Di- vision, in spirit as well as letter. A Relief Commit- tee is formed, composed of the Chief Conductor and the Board of Trustees, whose duty it is to visit any sick or disabled brother, inquire into his wants and report the same to his division. In case of death of any brother in good standing, they are to see that he has a respectable burial, and to e.xtend aid and com- ' fort to his family, if he has one. This is one of the organizations which has intrinsic merit and through which great good can be accomplished. Present"^ officers: S. C. Ayers, Chief Conductor; W. I. Leg- gett. Assistant Chief Conductor; Ed. Flinn, Secretary and Treasurer; F. E. Rogers, Senior Conductor; J. • K. P. Howland, Junior Conductor; R. Swain, Inside Sentinel; T. C. Bowes, Outside Sentinel; M. T. Prentiss, T. C. Bowes and E. S. Kimball, Trustees. This division has now about 85 members, and some $700 in the treasury. The organization and pros- perity of this division are greatly due to W. O. Salis- bury and Ed. Flinn. BROTHERHOOD OF RAILROAD HRAKE.MEN. C. E. Judge Lodge, No. 24, was instituted Aug. II, 1884, and was among the first of this order to or- ganize. It was started with 20 members, and has at the present writing 60, and is increasing daily. It is officered by the following-named members of the order : C. E. Judge, Master ; A. B. Talbot, Sec- retary; L. J. Burke, Financier. At present this society meets in the G. A. R. hall, holding its meetings weekly. As this is a compara- tively new order in this county, a few words in regard to its organization and objects may not be in- opportune. This society was first organized at the quiet little 1038 KNOX COUNTY. town of Oneonta, N. Y., Sept. 23, 1883. Its first convention was held at this place Sept. 20 to 25, 1884, with 32 delegates, when the Grand Lodge was formed. The full title of the order is the Brotherhood of Railroad Brakemen of the Western Hemisphere. The second annual convention met at Burlington, Iowa, and at this convention there were 161 delegates, showing a remarkable increase over the last convention. It is instituted for the purpose of financial benefit in case of accidents, and to elevate the service. It has for its motto " Benevo- lence, Sobriety and Industry." It aims to unite the railroad brakemen of this continent, to promote their general welfare, and to advance their social, moral and intellectual interests, as well as to protect and administer to the wants of their widows and or- phans. It further aims to maintain a harmonious understanding between its members and their em- ployers, and to establish mutual confidence and re- spect. There are now 180 lodges of the order, which are located in various parts of the United States and Territories. The next annual meeting will be held at San Antonio, Texas. ' From a small beginning tliis order has increased to a membership now of about 7,000. Two men are constantly on the road instituting new lodges. In ' connection with their societies they have a magazine, which is published at Burlington, Iowa, called the Railroad Brakeman's Journal, which is in its second volume. It is edited by J. P. Bledsoe, of Burling- ton, Ed. F. O'Shea and C. E. Judge, of Galesburg. It is ably conducted, containing principally railroad news, accidents in the service, and devoted to the interests of the Brotherhood. This eventually will be one of the strongest organizations in the country. It certainly will be one of the most beneficial. The officers of the Grand Lodge are : S. E. Wilkinson, G. M., Chicago, 111. ; Ed. F. O'Shea, G. S. and T. ; L. C. Foster, Jr., G. O. and I. Executive Commit- tee, J. A. Lang, John B. Gillroy, J. E. McConnell and J. W. Quinn. Grand Trustees, E. White, Daniel L. Cease and Daniel McCarty. It is esti- mated that there are now in this country about 75,- 000 brake^ien, and it is safe to say that in time 75 per cent of these will be members of the Brother- hood MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA. Oak Leaf Camp, No. g2 was organized April 17, 1885. David Spence, Consul; John A. Westfall, Adviser; M. C. Loomis, Clerk ; E. D. Aikin, Bank- er; D. W. Aldridge, Physician; C. A. Benkirt, Es- cort ; W. E. Brooks, Watchman ; T. J. Dyer, Sentry ; Board of Managers : D. W. Aldridge, H. F. Leon- ard and Wm. Elder. Present officers : David Spence, Consul; John A. Westfall, Adviser; W. E. Brooks, Clerk; E. D. Aikins, Banker; D. W. Aldridge, Phy- sician; J. O. Regnier, Escort; T. J. Dyer, Watch- man ; H. F. Leonard, Sentry. This society has a membership of 28, and meets in the G. A. R. hall. THE women's christian TEMPERANCE UNION was organized in March, 1874. The first President was Mrs. M. Waite; Mrs. E. Hurd, Secretary. It was organized with a large membership. Present officers: Mrs. M. F. Webster, Prest.; Mrs. Marshall Hurd, Vice-Prest.; Miss Mary Jelliff, Rec. Sec'y ; Mrs. J. W. Dieterich, Cor. Sec'y; Mrs. M. L. Hyde, Treas., and Mrs. H. C. Bliss, Auditor. About 60 members, in full standing, belong to the society. It has been very active in its work during the past year, which has strengthened the cause of temperance. The society has held during the past year 25 business and devotional meetings, and thiee parlor meetings. Regular meetings are held on the first and third Thursdays of each month, at the temperance rooms, and the parlor meetings occur quarterly at private houses. Growing out of the efforts of this society, there has been established a Young Men's Christian Temperance Union, in which there has been con- siderable interest taken, and three Bands of Hope, one of which is composed of colored members. The Y. W. C. T. U. have organized a girl's union, in which a lively interest is manifested. Connected with this is a gymnasium and a Kindergarten. CLUBS. Galesburg Club. A call was made March 4, 1885, addressed to the business men, requesting that they should meet at the Galesburg National Bank, for the purpose of considering the organizing of a club, to meet on the 9th of March. Some 50 citizens re- sponded to this call. A committee was appointed, consisting of T. J. Hale, J. K. Mitchell, A. A. Mat- teson, L. W. Sanborn and Max J. Mack, to report a plan for organizing. Col. Clark E. Carr presided at this meeting. The meeting adjourned to meet on the 1 6th. At this meeting the report of the com- *% 'J^ '^^^^ KNOX COUNTY. «o39 mittee was received, and their plan of organizing and constitution, after some amendments, were adopted. Signatures were then received lor charter members, when a board of directors and officers were elected. Officers : T. J. Hale, President ; Clark E. Carr, Vice-President; J. K. Mitchell, Secretary; G. P. Hoover, Treasurer. The Club was incorporated March 19, 1885. Di- rectors : Philip Sidney Post, E. F. Phelps, Clark E. Carr, T. J. Hale, C. E. Lanstrum, A. A. Matteson, F. C. Rice, P. M. Johnson, G. P. Hoover and J. K. Mitchell. The rooms of this Club are located on South Prairie street, near Main, and are fitted up and decorated in elegant style, and are very pleas- ant. They have a billiard room with three tables, reading room, reception room and card room. As soon as they can secure a lease they intend to add a larger reception room. They have a membership of some 250, and are in a thrifty condition. The Standard Library and Social Club of Gales- burg was organized in the fall of 1885, and chartered October t of the same year. It was organized with ^ 115 members. W. F. Stanton was chosen President; Max J. Mack, Vice-President ; George Ekins, Sec- retary, and James L. Burkhalter, Treasurer. Trus- tees—John C. Stewart, A. J. Dow, Henry Sisson, M. J. Daugherty, D. L. Greenleaf, J. R. Gordon, Olof Hawkinson, Henry Mayers. Present membership 204, and the Club is in a prosperous condition. Their rooms are located on Boon avenue, near Main street, and are fitted with elegance and taste. One room is set apart for billiards, in which they have three tables ; then they have a reading room, and re- ception room, with a fine upright piano. The whole was fitted up at a cost of about $2,500. This Club affords a ver)' pleasant place for its members and guests to spend their leisure hours. The Workingmens Club was chartered Nov. 19, 1885. It is a social clul>, with hall in Opera Build- ing. President, R. Bushard ; Secretar)', C. W. Wi- nans,- and Sidney Prait, Treasurer. They have recep- tion room, reading room and billiard room, two tables. Present membership, 200. f James T. Shields Post, No. 45, was instituted Aug. 8, 1867. Its charier was granted July 26, with 30 members. First officers were Rowley Page, Com- mander; James E. Hall, S. V. C; D. W. Bradshaw, J. V. C; S. S. Flint, Adjt. ; Chas. B. Hyde, Q. M. : L. S. Lambert, Secretary; \V. H. Hansel, Chap- lain ; Henry A. Allen, Officer of the Day ; Daniels. Hecker, Officer of the Guard. This Post was first organized as the Galesburg Post. After the death of Gen. James T. Shields, who was an honorary member of the order, the name was changed. Present officers : J. P. Hamblin, Commander ; H. C. Ward, S. V. C. ; H. F. Leonard, J. V. C. ; J. J. De Grummond, Adjt.; M. S. Barnes, Q. M.; L. S. Lambert, Secretary; J. P. Hippert, O. of the Day; \V. B. Camp, O. of the Guard. The Post is in a prosperous condition, with a mem- bership of II r in good standing. They have a good, large hall, which is well furnished, and is equipped very tastefully, the special-order furniture being unique. It was made by B. Hyde, who has fitted up several Posts after this style. Thirty-five members were added to this Post during the last year. The present officers are: J. P. Hamblin, C. ; H. C. Ward, S. V. C. ; H. F. Leonard, J. V. C. ; M. S. Barnes, Chaplain; L. S. Lambert, Surgeon; J. P. Hippert, O. D. ; W. B. Camp, O. G. \..ollege City Guards. One of the attractive organ- izations of Galesburg is the Guards, forming com- pany C, 6th Regiment, I. N. G. They were insti- tuted Sept. 23, 1878, and have added during the past year to their number, making a company now of upward of 60 members. They are fully uni- formed and are armed with the latest improved breech-loading Springfield rifles. Drills are had weekly in their armory, and every pains is taken 10 make the company efficient. W. S. Weeks was elected Captain last fall, to fill the place of G. P. Hoover, who resigned. Covenant Mutual Benefit Association of Illinois. pHIS Association was incoriwrated Jan. 9, [.'^77, the incorporators being A. W. Herg- t;rL-n, E. F. Phelps and Jacob Hoffheimer. e first Board of Directors were W. L. Sweeney, Rock Island; M. E. Newcomer, Freeport; E. F. Phelps, A. W. Berggren, C. E. Lanstrum, N. J. Oleen, N. D. Calkins, Newton Briggs, Jacob Hoffheimer, Edward Maul and L. W. t 1040 KNOX COUNTY. 4-<^ Sanborn, Galesburg; A. J. Shaw, Quincy; H. A. Bush, D. C. Frazier, Peoria; Albert Fishell, Pittsfield ; L. H. Hauss, Woodlawn ; J. M. Brown, Toulon; T. C. Swafford, Oneida ; D. W. Jacobi, Sbelbyvilie, and S. O. Simons, Joliet. The first officers were as fol- lows : A. W. Berggren, President; Jacob Hoflflieimer, Vice-President; E. F. Phelps, Secretary; L. W. Sanborn, Treasurer; Newton Briggs, Superintendent of Agents; George W. Foote, Medical Director, with M. Herman and A. G. Humphrey as Associates ; W. C. Calkins, Attorney. This association had its inception in the Odd Fellows' Order, and was developed, matured and perfected through the energetic labors of E. F. Phelps and Newton Briggs. After much discussion among the members of tlie Odd Fellows' Lodge, a genera', meeting was called at Odd Fellows' Hall, Dec. 29, 1876, of such members of the different lodges as were desirous of organizing a mutual benefit association. About 100 members met on the day appointed. Geo. ' W. Foote was made Chairman of the meeting, and E. F. Phelps, Secretary. Plans for the organization were presented and adopted, and a charter applied r^for. The plan of the association was to form a cheap and reliable insurance company for the members of the Order and their wives. The meeting was a suc- cessful one, and about 200 signatures were received for certificates of membership. This was a new en- terprise to the people of this locality. Co-operative life insurance was but little known, and had been attended with disaster in most instances where it had been tried. This made it more difficult to start, and the goal of success less easily reached. But the association was fortunate at the start in securing a Secretary and Manager in the person of E. F. Phelps, who was equal to the occasion ; to whom obstacles only acted as stimulants to greater efforts, and gave him the nerve to subdue all hindrances and remove all doubts. He was a man in the right place, ably assisted and backed by a good board, who had the confidence of the people, and the Covenant Mutual Association is now an established fact, a full-fledged, permanent institution of the couniry, and in insur- ance cheap, reliable and safe. From the report of the Secretary for the year end- ing Dec. 31, 1885, the following extracts have been taken : Applications received since the organization, 34,- 650. Of these, 6,342 were received during the year 1885. During the period of its organization there were 3,062 applications rejected. Number of certifi- cates in force at the end of 1885, 21,382. Amount of insurance written in 1885, 3^4,073,750. Total amount paid beneficiaries, $383,572.07. Average amount paid beneficiaries, ^3,144.04. Average cost per $t,ooo, all ages and grades, for the last four years, $7.14. Total amount paid to beneficiaries since organization, $[,337,026.43. Total amount paid since organization without assessment, $132,894.82. Re- ceipts from various sources during the year 1885, $533,402.43. Disbursements, $437,941.10. General expenses, $33,603.1 1. Cash on hand Dec. 31, 1885, $60,393.12. United States registered bonds, $65,000. The above figures show almost an unprecedented increase of business for so short a time. The Cove- nant now operates in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, New York, Maryland, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Dakota, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada, Oregon, Montana, California, District of Columbia and Canada. Average number of employes in office, about 18; special agents, 25. Present officers: A. W. Berg- gren, President ; A. Ell wood, Vice-President; E. F. Phelps, Secretary and General Manager; C. E. Lanstrum, Treasurer; C. E. Hambleton, Assistant General Manager; W. C. Calkins, Attorney; A. M. Funk, General Superintendent of Agents; S. D. Pollock, Medical Director; E. D. Wing and J. T. Wilson, Assistants. This is really a beneficiary organization, for it places it within the reach of almost every member of the Order of Odd Fellows to take out a ix)licy and thereby provide, in case of death, for his family. Scandinavian Mutual Aid Association. MEETING of the Swedish citizens of _^ Galesburg was held at the school-house Ijfe^^ of the First Lutheran Church, July 20, j^-J^ 1883, for the purpose of discussing the best |f^ plan for the organization of a mutual insurance H association. The meeting was called to order by S. P. A. Lindahl. After much discussion it was determined that a life insurance organization be formed, with headquarters at Galesburg. It was de- cided to adopt the name of the Swedish Mutual Aid LA!r: KNOX COUNTY. 1041 Association. A committee was selec'ed to draft by- laws, etc., etc, and to report at the next meetitjg, to be held Aug. 3, 1883. Committee: S. P. A. Lin- dahl, Nels Nelson, J. A. Oberg, B. A. Streedain, C. X. Johnson, S. A. Youngren, J. F. Ostrand, Jonas A. Johnson and N. A. Gristfason. The meeting was held open to adjournment. Subsequently the name selected was found to belong to another association in the State, and it was clianged, they deciding to call it " The Scandinavian Mutual .Aid Association." It was also learned that the State law required 200 applicants before the association could be incorpo- rated, and a committee was appointed to solicit signa- tures for membership. At the meeting August 24, the committee reported that they had secured a sufficient number to comply with the law. A Board of Direct- ors was then elected for one, two and three years, consisting of S. P. A. Lindahl, Nels Nelson, J. A. Oberg, N. J. Oleen, Jonas A. Johnson, Chas. A. Pe- terson, B. A. Streedain, Chas. A. Lindstr^m and John F. Ostrand. After the election of Directors, the by- laws were read and adopted. The charter was granted on the 12th of September, 1883. At a meeting of the directory, September 24, the following officers were elected: S. P. A. Lindahl, President; N.J. Oleen, Vice-President; Nels Nelson, Secretar)-; Jonas A. Johnson, Treasurer; J. T. Wilson, M. D., H. La Mann, Examining Physicians. Not much business was done until the beginning of the year 1884. Since that time the business has increased very rap)- idly. In 1884 they wrote 1,204 applications for membership, which made a net membership, Jan. i, t885, of 1,144. At this time the amount of the indemnity was §2,139,000. Six dollars is charged for admission fee; then there are assesments. The certificates run from $1,000 to $3,000, and the assess- ments are made so as to cover the death losses, which have been very low. In 1885 they wrote 1,640 applications, and, de- ducting losses, tliey have a net membership of 2,467. On Jan. t, 1886, they had an indemnity of $4,125,- 000. This association has extended its business into Illinois and Minnesota, and intends to e.Ktend its operations into other Western States as soon as legislation is favorable. This is a splendid institution for the Scandinavian population ; it offers them a re- liable and cheap means of insurance. Its managers are men of high character, strict integrity, and justly have the confidence of the people. Homestead and Loan Association. HIS is a new institution, but is growing rapidly. It was organized in April, 1882, with a capital stock of $500,000, divided into 5,000 shares of $100 each. Every sub- scriber pays for his stock at the rate of 50 cents per share per month, or $6 per year. A board of nine Directors manages the affairs of the association, whose names are as follows : Geo. Churchill. S. W. Grubb, E. F. Phelps, W. C. Calkins, J. B. Boggs, Max J. Mack, A. O. Peterson, Geo. W. Brown, W. B. Wood, M. G. Kennedy. Officers : George Churchill, President; Isaac Jones, Vice- President; W. B. Washburn, Treasurer; L. W. San- born, Secretary. It has upward of six hundred shareholders, about one-sixth of whom are women. This is an institution of undisputed worth, one cal- culated to advance the highest interests of the peo- ple, and ever)- good citizen should feel a special pride in its beneficial work. Through the medium of the association lots have been purchased, many houses have been erected, |s and others repaired. Its assets now are about $80,- 000, most of which represent first-mortgage loans. Miscellaneous. Fire Department. — The fire department of the city of Galesburg was inaugurated by the purchase of a hand engme, and ihe organization of a company to man it. After the construction of the water-works mains were put in, with hydrants to furnish the water supply. The water-works failing to furnish the water, arrangements were made with Frost & Co.'s works to force the supply into the fire mains. In 1878 a chemical engine was purchased, and in tSSj a steam engine at a cost of $r,ioo, also two hose carriages, with 2,000 feet of hose. The fire company consists of seven full-paid men and five call men. A. H. Allen is Chief of the Fire Department. MAYORS. H. R. Sanderson, 1857 ; S. W. Brown, 1S58 ; John C. Stewart, 1859; James F. Dunn, i860; Alfred Knowles, 1861; .Albert Reed, T862; James F. Dunn, 1863; John V. Marshall, 1864-66; Chas. P. West, 1867 ; Edwin Post, 1S68-69; Marcus Belden, 1870 ; Timothy Nash, 1871; L. C. Field, 1872; O. T. Johnson, 1873-74; James H. Calkins, 1875; Geo. LA^ -r- X 1642 XNOX COUNTY. W. Brown, 1876; John C. Stewart, 1877-78; David Greenleaf, 1879-80; B. F. Arnold, 1881-82; John C. Stewart, 1883-84; Geo. W. Foote, 1885-86. THE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER CO. This company was incorporated in the fall of 1885, with a capital stock of $50,000. The incorporators are David Greenleaf, I T. Brady and A. M. Searles. OflScers : David Greenleaf, President ; I. T. Brady, Secretary; A. M. Searles, Treasurer. The franchise granted by the city to the Gales- burg Electric Illuminating & Power Company was transferred to this company. The plant is tempora- rily located at the water-works until the company erect a building of their own, which they contem- plate doing soon. The light was first put into the Brown Hotel, and then on the streets, and is now adopted by most of the business houses. The Sperry system is used, the same as in the Chicago Board of Trade Building. It is contemplated by this company to put in the incandescent-lamp plant for the use of dwellings at a less cost than gas- light. This plant is to comprise six dynamos of a capacity of 100 lights each. THE THOMSON-HUSTON LIGHT. The Gas Light & Coke Company in the fall of 1885 added this electric light to their works. They put in a 65 -horse power boiler and a 50-horse power engine, and two dynamos. They placed their light in business houses by the side of the Sperry as an experiment. 'i"he capacity of tlieir works when fully equipped will be 150 lights. HOTELS. The first hotel opened in Galesburg was by Mr. Adams, sometime in 1838 or 1839, and was located on the site ik)w occupied by the Metropolitan Block. After serving a good purpose it was torn down, and in 1842 a new building was erected by H. H. Kel- logg, which was opened as the Galesburg House. Levi Sanderson was the first landlord. It had sev- eral landlords and was continued as a hotel until it was burned, in 1872. The Haskell House opened its doors for public patronage in 1855. It was erected by George Has- kell and stood wliere O. T. Johnson's store now is. It was kept first by Mr. Haskell, then by Mr. Bal- lingall and Edward Bonney. It also was burned. In 1857 George C. Bancroft built quite a large house for those days, on the corner of Depot and Center streets. It was opened by him under the name of the Bancroft House. This hotel has passed through a series of ownerships, and under different names. It is now called the Lindell House and is kept by Hull & Son. D. Henshaw opened a hotel in i860, called the Henshaw House. It was on West street, between Simmons and Tompkins. It was a very popular house, and was open for several years, and then was converted into dwelling-houses. The City Hotel was opened about the close of the war. It was built by Thomas Taylor, who was the landlord for many years, then Ste|)hen Reynolds ran it. It was closed up and the building converted into dwelling-houses. Sometime in 1862 a hotel building was com- pleted, which was opened by Mr. Barton as the Commercial House, on the corner of Main and Kel- logg streets. It is kept now by James Boyd. In 1869 the Galesburg Hotel Company erected a hotel building on the north side of the Public Square. The first building was burned down after it had been opened only a few months. The fire occurred April 18, 1870. The present structure was built in the spring of 1872. It is a plain, substantial build- ing of brick and stone, four stories high, with a front- age of 1 14 feet and a depth of 90. H. Belden was the first landlord, while L. Stansbury is the present host. The town is lighted by gas, and has bill- iard-hall and saloon attachments. In 1870 the erection of a new hotel was started on Main and Kellogg streets. It was completed under the management of an association. It subse- quently came into the possession of George W. Brown and C. H. Mathews, and was named Brown's Hotel in honor of the former. Mr. Mathews died in 1883, and his interest was purchased by N. Anthony. There were several landlords at the head of this house, when, in 1880, H. C. Case assumed control. In December, 1885, Mr. Case went to Rockford to open the Holland House, and took one of his sons, Frank H., in as a partner in the Brown Hotel, who is now the landlord, and a very active, popular and successful one he is making. There will be an addition put onto the building on the west side. The office will be transferred to the first floor and many other important improvements made, the whole cost of which will be about $20,000. =fe KONX COUNTY. 1043 The Brown Hotel is an imposing four-story brick structure, and attractive in its architecture. The rooms are large, airy, well arranged and well fur- nished. The building is lighted by gas and the electric light and heated Wy steam. The cuisine is first-class and the table is provided with everything that the market affords. Every attention is given to the guest to the end that he may feel at home, comfortable and happy. This is one of the hotels in which a traveler may stay and feel assured that in every way he is in a respectable place. POST-OFFICE. The first post-office established at Galesburg was in 1837, with Prof. Nehemiah H. Losey as Postmaster. There have been but few changes in this office since it was established. Col. Clark E. Carr held it for an unusually long period, receiving his appointment from President Lincoln in March, 1861, and holding the same until April 19, 1885, when M. J. Daugh- erty took charge. During last December the office was transferred to the new building on the north side of East Main street, which was e.xpressly built and fitted up for a post-office. It was erected by Robert Chappell, at a cost of $15,000, his bid having been ac- cepted by the Post-Office Department. The plan for the interior of the office was devised by Mr. Daugherty, and it is certainly very creditable to him, for it is as complete in all of the arrangements as could be desired. The Yale lock boxes are arranged on three of the sides of a quadrangle which extends forward to within 16 feet of the front, and occupies the center of the room, the lobby extending around the sides. It is finished off in light hardwood, neatly orna- mented and artistically designed. This was made a free-delivery office some years ago. The average number of letters mailed daily is 5,000. The carriers handle about 157,000 pieces each month, while the registered letters issued are about 500 each quarter. The excess of money orders over receipts amounts to about $250,000 a year. There are 52 street letter-boxes, with five carriers, who make six delivery trips and three collection trips. During the last fiscal year there were 5,892 registered letters de- livered, 478,125 mail letters, 102,486 postal cards and 24,654 local letters, and 337,484 newspapers. Revenue from box rents, $630.75; from sale of stamps, $21,807.27; total, $22,438.02. Expenses, $10,835.- 44; net surplus to the department, $11,602.58. Amount received for orders issued, $54,205.92 ; an)ount paid on orders, $270,201.87 ; total amount of business, $324,407.79; excess of orders paid over receipts, $215,995.95. To meet this demand drafts were made on the De- partment during the year for $216,000. GALESBURG WATER-WORKS. The projector and sole beneficiary of the Gales- burg Water- Works appears to have been a man by the name of Nathan Shelton. Sometime in 1883, the franchise of the city was granted to Mr. Shelton for the purpose of erecting water-works. A stock company was organized by him, which was incorpo- rated, and the works were prosecuted to completion. They are located about three-quarters of a mile northeast of the Public Square. The water was islended to be obtained through a grarel seam or stratum of some 13 feet in thickness at a depth of , about 80 feet, by means of gang-wells bored through and piped into the gravel stratum. These wells were connected by a large main 14 feet below the surface of the ground. The water was to rise up through ' these pipes by automatic pressure to the surface, or the main connecting the wells. The Holly system was adopted, with ttie Worthington pumps. The machinery consists of three duplex pumps, with a total capacity of 4,500,000 gallons per day. The machinery is covered by a suitable brick building. Near the works rises the iron tower or standpipe, which is t5 feet in diameter and 132 feet high. This pipe is connected with the mains, and so arranged that it can at any time be disconnected. About nine miles of mains were laid through the city, dis- tributed along which were 80 hydrants. According to the ordinance the city was to pay $roo each for these hydrants, or $8,000 per annum. There is but Utile else to say about these works. They look well. The tower rises majestically toward the heavens. They are certai.ily an ornament to the city. If the world possesses an inventive genius who could bring the water down this tower, which seems to look imploringly at the blue sky and the clouds, it would be a good thing. We wish we could say that there was water here ; that it was dis- tributed throughout this beautiful city, supplying all the necessary wants of an advanced civilization, but hH^ ■^ -H- 1044 KNOX COUNTY. we cannot without lying. The great mistake the company made was in constructing these water- works before they got the water. They should have followed the sage's advice— caught the rabbit before they prepared to cook him. However, the projector made it profitable, and with him, at least, it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good. PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Galesburg Public Library is one of the at- tractive features of the city. It had its inception with the organization of the Young Men's Literary and Library Association in i860. A nucleus for a library was formed by donations of books by the citi- zens and also by money. Prof A. Hurd was selected as Librarian, and rendered most efficient service by his valuable experience. He was aided in his efforts by many of the citizens. In 1866 the library had 2,850 volumes. A small membership fee was charged to keep up expenses and increase the books. In [1872 the Association donated its accumulation of books to the city and dissolved its society. There are now some 15,000 volumes in the library, and the >->number is constantly increasing. The Directors are (appointed by the Mayor and have full powers to act for the best interests of the library, as their judg- ment dictates. The City Council annually appro- priates $2,500, which, with the receipts from fines, etc., make up the income. The library rooms are lightsome and comfortable and are well patronized by the public. The selection of books has been good. The leading newspapers and magazines are also kept on file. A monthly report of the Librarian shows about 3,000 volumes drawn out, with a visitation of about 5,000. Present Board of Directors : I. S. Per- kins, T. J. Hale, Geo. Churchill, Parley Johnson, Hiram Mars, A. A. Matteson, E. R. Drake, J. B. Holland and A. G. Humphrey. Librarian, Miss D. M. Rice. HOPE CEMETERY. Galesburg, with its characteristic humanity and refinement, has provided an attractive resting-place for the departed. Hope Cemetery Association was organized Oct. 26, 1858. It is located toward the west end of the town, a;nd has natural attractive advantages. It is well laid out and ornamented with beautiful shrubs and shade trees, and the grounds are well kept. There are some elegant monuments in the cemetery, which mark the resting-place of some of Galesburg's most distinguished citizens and pioneers. This cemetery is a good index to the character of the people. No better evidence can be presented of the culture, refinement and humanity of >c a people than thai presented in a well-laid-out, ap- propriately ornamented and well-kept cemetery. Present officers : Geo. Ekins, President; S.Fletcher, Vice-President; L. T. Stone, Secretary and Treas- urer; Trustees, A. A. Matteson, W. W. Washburn and C. A. Webster. ir 4-9^ E-J-— KNOX COUNTY. ^-> I04S jHIS old and historic town is situated in the southwest portion of Knox Townsliip. Its location at the time of settlement was one of ex- ceeding beauty, being on a ir^ charming little prairie and lying between two beautiful groves. It is the first town that was laid out in the county, and, next to Henderson, the first settled. It was laid off by order of the County Commissioners' Court, on section 28, in 1831, Parnach Owen being the surveyor. No finer site in the county could have been selected for a town. To the eastward and westward lie extensive rolling prai- ries, while to the nortii and south are fine bodies of timber. It has been stated in the history of the township that the first settler here was Parry Morris, in 1829, and that he sold out to Capt. John Charles. The Captain purchased Mr. Morris' claim for farm- ing purposes, and had not thought at the time that a town would be laid out here. John Montgomery and Dr. Charles Hansford came in subsequently, making claims on the present town site. Dr. Hans- ford was the first physician to locate in Knox County. He was born in Kanawha County, Va., in 1801. He came to Galena at an early day, and from there to Henderson Grove, where he erected a log cabin and commenced his practice. In 1833 he moved to Knoxville. He died in 1852. The first store opened here was under the super- vision of John G. Sanburn, in the early part of 1832, about the time the county seat was located here. He moved his stock over from Henderson, where he had conducted a store, and opened his goods on the southwest corner of the Public Square. The log house is still standing, as well as the frame one he \ built afterward. Mr. Sanburn came to the State from Ontario County, N. Y., in 1818. He went back in a short time, and in 1825 returned for a perma- nent residence in this State, settling in Vandalia. He came to the Military Tract and settled at Hen- derson Grove in 1829, and opened a store, having J brought a stock of goods with him. At this time he was a single man. He married in 1831, and reared a family of seven cliildren, all of whom are living but one. He was the first Clerk of the Circuit Court and County Court, and the first Clerk of the County Commissioners' Court, also Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue under President Lincoln. He passed away to the other world on the same day as the martyred President. Mr. Sanburn was the first Postmaster of Knoxville. Dr. VVillson Boomer located here in 1832 and practiced medicine until his death, in 1845. He was one of the first physicians to locate in the county. Henry J. Runkle came in 1833 and settled in the northeast part of the town. His cottage, which was built in 1845, is still standing. In 1834 his brother and in 1835 another brother, Eldert by name, joined him. That year they opened a store in Knoxville, under the name of Runkle & Bros. Henry J. Run- kle started a steam saw-mill in 1836 near the town, on section 28, and to it he afterward attached a flour- t I =0(F I046 KNOX COUNTY. r., . mill. This was the first steam mill in the township. He had quite a flourishing business for those days, and shipped flour as far as St. Louis. He died in 1852, and his brother Eldert in 1865. The first sermon preached in the town was by Rev. Jacob Gum, a Baptist minister. The first death was a child of Mr. Tabor. Robert L. Hannaman opened a general store in 1836, and continued in the mercantile business until 1842, when he was elected Probate Justice. (See biography, page 443.) In 1857 Cornelius Runkle, with his brother Eldert, opened a private bank. In 1865 he organized the First National Bank, which was opened June 16 of that year. He was its firsi President, and continued in this position for the long term of 20 years. After the expiration of the charter and the reorganization of the bank, he retired. He has been and is still one of the prominent business men of Knoxville. He is hale and hearty, and there has not been a day since he came to the town that he was not able to attend to business. Knoxville was incorporated as a village in 1845. An election was held for village officers April 7 of that year, and the following-named citizens were elected: Robert L. Hannaman, Birdsy Booth, Win. Leighton, Miles Smith and Gilbert Evans, as Trus- tees; and James Price, Clerk. At a meeting of the Trustees, held on the 7th of May, R. L. Hannaman was chosen President of the Board. Before this action, however, the Trustees took an oath to faith- fully support the Constitution of the United States and that of their own State, and to faithfully and impartially perform their duties as Trustees. There was no Treasurer elected, and the Board appointed Jason Duncan to this place. Mr. Hannaman was appointed Weighmaster for the ensuing year. The last meeting of the Knoxville Board of Trus- tees was Saturday, March 4, 1853. Their last order was that John Eads pay over to the Street Commis- sioner elected for the city of Knoxville, as soon as he was qualified, all public money in his possession. They then adjourned without day. On Monday, the 4th day of April, an election was held for city officers, a charter having been previously granted by the Legislature for a city government. James Price was elected Mayor; David Collins, Marshal; T. T. Parmenter, Treasurer; Enoch Patrick, Assessor; Gilbert Evans, Street Commissioner; Aldermen — N. Huggins, William Mansfield, R.Bailey, Z. Cooley, J. Duncan, J. W. Cams, H. Lander and H. G. Reynolds. Knoxville had grown very rapidly from the time the county seat had been located here, and it was that which, up to a late date, caused people to believe it would be the metropolis of the county. After her incorporation as a city she assumed airs suited to her size and growing popularity, and used every effort to centralize the trade here. When the railroad enterprises came up, she made a hard strug- gle to have the junctions there; especially did the citizens labor to have the C, B. & Q. line laid out through their town instead of Galesburg. They se- cured, however, the Peoria line, which was of great advantage, and which was completed through the city in the spring of 1857. As a seat of learning Knoxville has ever been the rival of Galesburg, and her schools and colleges have a wide reputation. The county seat remained here for 41 years, and it was the pride of her citizens. When an effort was made to take it to Galesburg, a younger but more prosperous city, the citizens natur- ally enough rose up in all their might against it. After a long, hard and bitter fight, they were over- come by superior force, and saw with great disap- pointment, in 1873, the records of the county carried away to be placed in the custody of the rival city,' Galesburg. Much of the early history of Knoxville, and especially that connected with it as tiie county seat, will be given in the general history, to which the reader is referred. The people of Knoxville as a class are intelligent, generous and neighborly in their character; this, added to its superior educational advantages, makes it a most desirable place to live. There are a num- ber of good business houses in the town, and it has a fair local trade. The population of Knoxville is es- timated to be between 1,600 and 1,700. The fol- lowing-named citizens have represented the city as Mayors : James Price.. .853 r. J. Hale 1854 H. h. Woods 1855 Benj. Hebard 1836 John Jackson 1857 H. N. Knightley 1858 J. B.Smith 1859 J. W. Cams i860 A. M. Burdett 1861 Henry Arms 1862 Albert Pierce 1866 Henry Arms 1867 Abraham Lightner 1868 J. C. Cover 1869-70 Elijah T. Eads 1871-2 S H. Tompkins 1873-6 J. S.Simpson 1877-8 J. H. Lewis 1879-80 Reuben Bailey 1881-3 P. L. Rogers 1883-4 J.C. Cover 1885-6 *+" ^ €4-^ KNOX COUNTY. ^^ 1047 St. Mary's School. HISTORY of this school should be pre- '^^_^i.^u faced by a sketch of another institution of ^filS^^ learning, which stood on the same ground ^•JIJS^ and of which St. Mary's was the outgrowth. I|^ In February, 1859, a charter was procured I from the Legislature for the establishment of an institution of learning called the Ewing Female University of Knoxville. It was named in honor of an old resident of the city. A good, substantial build- ing was erected, and the school was opened and was continued until 1867, when it was closed and the scheme abandoned. It had not seemed to meet the wants of the people, nor to fulfill the expectations that were warranted from the tone of its first intro- duction to the public. The stockholders of this in- stitution, feeling the importance of having a suitable school for the education of young ladies, tendered this building to the Protestant Episcopal Church of Illinois. Their offer was accepted and preparations were immediately begun for the opening of a female school under a new management. Dr. Charles W. Leffingwell was called to take charge of the new in- stitution as Rector, and it may be truly said became the founder of St. Mary's School. It was opened April 12, 1 868, after improving, rearranging and re- fitting the building. The property was then valued at $20,000. Dr. Leffingwell began with three board- ing and a few day pupils ; the building was unattract- ive, and the institution in a degree unknown. It had yet to make a name, and to this end its sup- porters labored bravely till it stood high among the people, distingutsiiing itself as a place of learning! not only where young ladies could go and receive an education, but where their characters would be prop- erly formed, their moral and religious training made a strong point, and where they would be as secure as under the paren'al roof. All this has been accom- plished thiough the indefatigable zeal and energy of Dr. Leffingwell and his most estimable goodwife,and St. Mary's School, for the educating, refining and thorough culture of young ladies, has no superior in the West. Within four years the school outgrew its accommo- dations, and received from the late James Knox $10,000 for the purpose of enlargement. In addition to this about $50,000 was expended in building and 'Xr= equipping the school. At the time of the destruction of the school-house with its contents by fire, Jan. 4, 1883, there were 90 boarders and 30 day pupils. The fire broke out about 2 o'clock in the morning, and people rushed to the building, but were too late to save anything or do more than assist in getting the pupils safely out and beyond the reach of danger. All escaped and only two of the pupils were injured, the latter by the giving way of the ladder down which they were descending. The loss by this fire was estimated at $100,000. Pending the erection of the new college, school work was recommenced in St. .Ansgari College, which had been kindly offered by President Princell. The new building was begun in April, and was occupied by the school October 24, and proved one in which any society or city might take just pride. A beauti- ful stone chapel is connected with the main building by a cloister. St. Mary's School is an incorporated institution, under the control of a board of fifteen Trustees, representing the three Dioceses of Illinois and the city of Knoxville. The buildings and grounds of the school are valued at $r 00,000 and a large amount is invested for furniture, school apparatus and machinery for domestic purposes. Ascending the broad steps which lead to the grand . entrance of the building, the visitor finds himself in a spacious porch. On entering, he is met by spacious halls, broad staircases and lofty apartments. On the left are the library and reception room, on the right the office, and beyond that the Rector's study, and these are all so arranged, by means of large sliding doors, as to form one suite of apartments 1 12 feet long, affording a grand opportunity for recep- tions and other gatherings. All the rooms are, with- out exception, airy, well-lighted, well-ventilated and exactly adapted to their respective uses. Handsome fresco work adorns the walls and ceilings of the halls, and of the public as well as some of the private rooms. Returning to the entrance hall, the visitor ascends the broad steps of the grand staircase, which is built in a tower outside the main lines of the building. On the first landing he passes by painted windows, resplendent with roses and morning glories, and at the top of the second short flight finds himself oppo- site the "Bower," being a deep bay, forming a cosy boudoir, bright with plants and flowers. t 1048 KNOX COUNTY. 4-(. The recreation hall is a large, cheerful and airy room, 75 feet long, adaptel for roller skating and dancing, which, it is hardly necessary to say, are much in vogue after tea. The inevitnble piano is there also, to add its ringing tones to the merry sounds of talk and song and laughter. On the same floor, and occupying the northeast angle, is the studio. In proximity to the studio is the magnifi- cent study hall, 40x80 feet and t8 feet high. Ad- joining the study hall, on the same floor, are recita- tion rooms, toilet and laboratory. In the basement are located the dining room, kitchen, laundry, etc. Some idea of the heating apparatus may be conveyed by the statement that there are four large boilers at work, night and day, sending steam through more than five miles of radi- ating pipes. Nearly 600 tons of coal are consumed during the year, and the entire building is kept at a pleasant temperature in the coldest weather. The aim of the Rector has been to provide the ■ best advantages for intellectual training, combined with social culture and Christian influences. The exercises of the school are conducive to habits of ,^ order, promptness and self-reliance. The pupils are under the direction of the teachers in dress, habits, manners and conversation, as well as in their studies. *■ Also to the health of the pupils the most careful at- tention is given. All are required to exercise in the open air and within doors. ■ A skillful physician visits the school each day, and, with experienced matrons, has a constant care for the health of the household. The household arrangements are homelike and pleasant. Pupils are received into the family and cared for as children, with kind attention to their comfort and happiness. Besides the daily associa- tion of pupils and teachers, there are special meet- ings on Friday and Saturday evenings for sewing, reading, conversation, music and other recreations. The grounds, which are located only a few hun- dred yards from the depot, embrace four acres. Tkey are beautifully located, ample, artistically laid out, and adorned with flowers and shrubbery, giving the whole quite a luxurious and homelike aspect. In the center of these grounds the school building uprears its stately head. It is an imposing structure of a gothic style of architecture, and was designed by Dr. Lefiingwell, which accounts for its complete construction. The accompanying full-page lithographic view of the building, chapel and surroundings shows the beautiful architectural design and harmony of each structure. The following are the officers and teachers of the institution : Rev. Charles W. Leflfingwell, D. D., Rector and Founder, Metaphysics and Elocution; Rev. Edward H. Rudd, M. A., Chaplain, Latin, Natural Science, Mathematics ; Rev. William B. Morrow, Mus. Bac, Sacred Music ; Nancy Meneely Hitchcock, Vice-Principal, German, Rhetoric, Litera- ture; Mrs. Rudd, Teacher of History; Harrielte H. Post, English Branches; Mile. Jeanne Bouvet, Teacher of French; Carl Laux, Professor of Music; Carrie M. Atkins, Assistant in Music; Sophia M. Chase, The Study Hall, English Branches; Ellen Dewey, The Studio, Arts of Design ; Carrie B. Castle, Assistant in the Studio ; Blanche Smith, Vocal Music, Voice Culture; Grace Warren, Assistant in Music; Charles Lindoft, Violin and Cornet; M. A. McClel- land, M. D., Visiting Physician; Mrs. Leffingwell, Matron; Louise S. Nichols, Assistant Matron; John , F. Somes, Curator and Librarian. Ansgari College. NE of the objects of the founders of this College was to provide for the education of the Swedes, who formed no inconsiderable part of the population of this and many other of the adjoining counties. It was the out- growth of a school known as " The Mission Institute," of Keokuk, Iowa. That school was first opened in 1873, in a chapel in that city. In 1875, Prof. Chas. Anderson, the Principal of this school, and subsequently the President of Ansgari College, made a visit to several locahties, with a view to se curing a suitable location on which to establish a school. While on this tour, he fortunately met with Hon. James Knox at Knoxville. After explaining the purpose of his visit to Mr. Knox, he was informed by the latter that he had long desired to establish an institution of learning in Knoxville. These two gen- tlemen were not long in forming their plans. Prof. Anderson was very much pleased with the location of Knoxville, and more so with the splendid donation of that philanthropic gentleman, Mr. Knox, who agreed to donate immediately $10,000. He subse- quently increased this amount by about $3,000. V LIBRARY OF THE Ui^lVERSlTY OF ILUNOiS KNOX COUNTY. 105 1 Other donations were made, and on July 3, 1875, two months after Messrs. Knox and Anderson had met, ground was broken and the construction of the col- lege building commenced. By Aug. i, 1876, the edi- fice was completed. The building is a four-story brick structure, with a mansard roof and * stone basement, 74 feet long by 44 feet wide, and contains 39 rooms. It was built and furnished at a cost of $22,000. The architecture is modern, well propor- tioned, and the building presents a fine, imposing appearance. It is located on a plat of four acres of ground on East Main street. It is conducted in the interest of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and is both secular and religious in its course of instruction. The collegiate course occupies four years, the theo- logical and academic course two years. The first Faculty was Prof C. Anderson, Rev. J. Anjon, Rev. J. A. Lowe and Miss S. Larkee. It contained a fine library of 1,000 volumes, which was furnished by the ladies of Knoxville. The original Trustees were: Hoii. S. H.Tompkins, President of the Board; Rev. Chas. Anderson, Secretary; D. M. Eiken, Treasurer ; P. H. Sanford, J. H. Lewis, C. A. Linstrom, J- S. ,^ Holmes, A. Nelson, A. N. Anderson, Rev. J. Anjon, Lewis Palmquist, S. Peterson, Geo. Larkee, J. P. Lawson and P. Mattson. This college did not prove a success, and a few years ago it was closed. Recently the building has been leased by the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the United States, and a school is to be established here, to be called the Knoxville Acadeniy and Normal Institute. It is to be changed from the Ansgan Synod to the Augustina Synod. It is expected tliat the school will hi opened by the ist of September, 1886. Public Schools. NOXVILLE has a first-class High School, ' ^"^'^ ^^''^ ^ handsome school building. It was ■f '^^*^ erected in 1876, at a cost of $18,500. Its /i i^L architecture is attractive, and the interior is 'USJ well arranged for school purposes, and the !<- whole is very creditable to the city. J. H. ' Stickney is Principal ; Miss Desdemona Root has charge of the Grammar Department; Miss Jennie Heagy, Second Intermediate ; Hannah Evans, First Intermediate; Mary A. Parmenter, Second Primary; Miss E. F.Tate and Eliza McCracken, First Primary. Enrollment, 317. The following items are from the County Superintendent's report for 1885 : " There is one graded school, the building of which is brick. The school property was valued at $23,000. " Of persons under 21 years of age there are 631, of whom 458 are of school age, 37 i being enrolled. " The highest wages paid male teachers were $122.22 per month, and the lowest were the same; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40, which was also the lowest. " Tax levy was $5,300." Knoxville Republican. HIS journal was established by John S. Win- ter, an old and able editor, who for many years edited it. Its first issue appeared 'TO^ Oct. 8, 1856. It was a seven-column folio ^ paper, neatly printed and ably edited. Mr. ! Winter was a forcible writer, soon acquiring a prominent place as an exponent of Republican prin- ples and progressive ideas. It was started during the hottest period of political excitement then known to our country. The Kansas outrages, the Kansas- Nebraska Act and the repeal of the Missouri Com- promise had wrought the minds of the people up to such a degree of indignation that a conflict then seemed almost unavoidable, and it was to save the country from anarchy, barbarism and ruffianism, that Mr. Winter again took up the quill to put his mite into the scale of liberty, reform and civilization. Within two years after it had been established, the circulation had increased to 1,200. A partnership was then formed, consisting of John S. Winter and R. M. Winans. In April, 1858, John S. Winter & Co. retired, and Beatty & Robinson became the pub- lishers. It is claimed tliat the Republican was the first to suggest the name of Abraham Lincoln as a presidential candidate for i860. It exercised, during that memorable campaign, a powerful influence to- ward the election of the Republican ticket. Zaccheus Beatty retired from the firm, and W. T. Robinson became sole proprietor and publislier. In 1875 it was purchased by F. A. Lanstrum, who con- ducted it for awhile, when O. L. Campbell became the publistier and editor, in which position we still find him. Mr. Campbell has clothed the Republican in a new dress, improving its appearance. It is ably edited, the young editor showing much journalistic X LA^ ^ logs KATOX COUNTY. -k^ talent, and is bright and newsy. It is as pronounced in politics as ever, and has a circulation of about 1 ,200. A good power press and a job-office have been added, and Mr. Campbell is prepared to do first-class jobwork. Secret Societies. ■Illinois Council, No. i, R. c- S. J/., was organ- ized March 11, 1852, under a dispensation granted from Kentucky, and was organized by William A. Seaton,of Monmouth, Warren County. First officers, by appointment, of Illinois Council, No. i, Royal and Select Masters, organized March 11, 1852 : Wm. A. Seaton, T. I. G. M. ; Geo. C. Lanphere, Dept. T. I. G. M. ; Harmon G. Reynolds, P. C. W. ; I. M. Wilte, I.G.C.G.; Isaac Gulihur, I. G. S. ; J. W. Spaulding, Recorder; Wm. .McMurtry, Treasurer ; J.F.Mason, Steward ; B. F. Hibbard, Steward. Present members, 33. Present officers: D. M. Elder, T. I. G. M. ; H. J. Charles, Dep. I. G. M ; • R. Higgins, P. C. W. ; J. N. Vangilder, C. G. ; J. N. Nisley, Recorder; M. H. Collins, Treasurer; L. [ Palmquist, Chaplain; R. L. Evarts, Conductor; J. R. Scott, Steward; T. T. Parmenter, Sentinel. The Council meets in the Masonic Hall, and is in a good, flourishing condition. Rabboni Chapter, No. 53 CHURCHES. Krwx-cilU M. E. Church. One of the first relig- ious organizations in this part of the State was the Knoxville Methodist Episcopal congregation. One of the earliest pioneers of the Gospel in this section, Barton H. Cartwright, preached in a small tinshop as early as T831. The congregation has had many pastors, some excellent and gifted, others of less brilliancy, but on the whole they have wrought a good work. Christian Church. Elder J. H. Garrison, one of the prominent ministers of this denomination, came here in iSyr, and meeting a few members — r3 in number — organized the Knoxville Christian congre- gation. The old Presbyterian Church, standing on Broad street, was purchased for §2,000, and a portion of Elder Garrison's services secured. The congrega- tion has enjoyed a steady growth. Lut/ieran. As eariy as 1853, Rev. T. N. Hassel- quist, now President of Rock Island College, came to Knoxville and organized this church. Its proper name is the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church. Presbyterian Church. The present congregation of this body was formed in 1870 by the union of the Old and New School Churches. This was the result of a joint conference held on November 4 of that year. The new congregarion took possession of the Main Street Church the ist of Januar)-, 1871, under the pastorate of D. \V. Bradford. St. John's Episcopal Church. A meeting to or- ganize a parish to be called St. John's Church was held Dec. 30, 1843, the record being signed by 19 jiersons. The next meeting was held Sept. 7, 1844, and was presided over by Rev. Dudley Chase. Occasional service was held by Mr. Chase until 1848. The next recorded meeting of this society was April 25, 1859. In April, i860, the subject of building a house of worship was discussed, and it was decided to solicit subscriptions for this purpose. In May following, the Baptist Church building was leased for a chai)el at a rental of §50 per annum, and a rector of Galesburg was appointed to take charge of the parish in connection with his own. The parish was re-organized April 23, 1867, and a church building was erected the same year. In 1869 Rev. C. W. Leffingwell became the rector. In 1873, the church debt being removed, the consecrarioti took place. In 1876 Mr. Leffingwell resigned the rectorship, and was succeeded by Rev. E. H. Budd, who served un- til 1879, when Mr. Leffingwell again took charge and is still serving the church in the capacity of rector, bat the services are not regular, nor is the congrega- tion strong or prosperous. KNOXVILLE CEMETERY. Just north of the town is the Knoxville Cemetery, which was laid off soon after the location of the county seat was made at this place. The grounds embrace several acres, and are pleasantly located and well cared for. The cemetery is adorned with beautiful shade trees and some very fine monuments, which show taste and culture. -M- cX > IOS4 •± Ty KNOX COUNTY. From '^HERE a few years ago roamed the red man in pursuit of his favorite game stand popu- lous villages and cities The beautiful little city of which we now write, and I'hicli is so pleasantly situ- ted, lies between the town- Cedar and Indian Point, on the he Quincy Branch of the C, B. & . Its site is on a plateau which lopes back on all sides into the ling prairies. Surrounding it is one St agricultural districts in the State, ery point the eye rests on beauti- lighly cultivated farms embellished ipely dwellings, and shaded by handsome trees. To Abraham D. Swartz is due the credit of founding this town, by whom it was platted in 1836. Certainly Mr. Swartz had an eye for the beautiful when he conceived the ideaof starting a town and a college here. It is reported of him that soon after he settled in this township he took his devoted wife, who was feeling somewhat sad on account of her solitude, out for a walk one fine day. Their walk led them up to where the college now stands, where they rested. A wide, unbroken prairie ex- tended all around them, reaching far away in the distance, now and then relieved by little groves. Only two or three cabins could be seen, and one of these was their own humble dwelling. After gazing long and earnestly upon the lovely country around him, he turned to his wife and said : " We will live to see a village here, and where we stand a college will be built." His vision proved a prophetic one. Abingdon was platted by Mr. Swartz in May, 1836, on the southwest quarter of section 33, township 10 north, range i east. In 1849 an addition was made, which was called South Abingdon. This ad- dition was laid out by Frederick Snyder, April 2, and was located on the northwest quarter of section 4, in township 9 north of range i east, and immedi- ately south of the original town. John E. Evans was the enterprising man who opened the first tavern in Abingdon. It was in a , double log cabin and its doors were thrown open for the entertainment of man and beast in the fall of 1836. It was quite a noted hostelry in its day and was long remembered for its genial hospitality; un- doubtedly it gave more satisfaction to the traveler of that day than the present hotel does to the peo- ple of this. Mr. Evans was killed in Iowa by a run- away team. Mr. Swartz named the town after the one he had lived in in Missouri. About the year 1845 it was in- corporated as a village. The records in this matter have been lost. The first store in Abingdon was opened by Curry & Green, in 1836, in a little log cab- in, which now would not be regarded large enough for a peanut-shop. This was opened in the spring. John C. Evans opened the second store in the fall. In 1837 another store was opened by Green & Bow- man. From this start the village grew quite rapidly and soon became a thriving town. Schools were oijened, churches were established, settlers con- tinued to come in and other business houses were opened, and Abingdon began to assume the airs of a city. By a special act of the Legislature passed April 21, 1857, Abingdon was incorporated as a city. ■ V. KNOX COUNTY. The first officers were W. H. GillasfJie, Mayor; C. C. Lewis, Sidney Owens, Jesse Perdue and George In- ness were chosen Aldermen; Charles L. Sunimers, Clerk; Jesse Burr, Assessor; Andrew Bradbury, Collector; W. H. Giliaspie, Treasurer, and W. Mer- rick, Marshal. To return to the early days. We find that in 1837 a public sale of lots was had, which netted quite a little sum. In the year 1838 the first school was opened in the village and was taught by A. Mcin- tosh. During this year Alonzo Reece was born, which was the first birth here. The first death here was that of a Mr. Duffield, in 1838. Abraham D. Swartz was the first Postmaster, receiving his ap- pointment in t836. From this time to the present Abingdon has had the following Postmasters : U. Reece, S. H. Richey, W. Shannon, B Bradbury, Jesse Chesney, W. D. Loma.x and A. B. Cochran. After her incorporation as a city Abingdon com- menced the erection of good school buildings, estab- lished a thorough system of public education, and secured the services of good instructors. Her schools were noted for their excellence. Among her teachers was Myron R. Brewster, who taught here at an early day. He was much beloved and respected by his pupils and all the people who knew him. He was the eighth child of Ezra B. and Joan S. (Reed) Brew- ster, and was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., Dec. 10, 1834. He was a gentleman of education and refinement ; pure in character, of modest bear- ing and retiring nature and a devout Christian. From Abingdon he went to VVaukegan and took charge of one of the public schools there. Here he remained until the Rebellion,when, true to his patriotic instincts and ancestral traditions, he gave up his charge and enlisted in the cause of the Union, joining Co. D, 96th 111. Vol. Inf. He was poisoned wiiile in tlie service, was taken to a hospital and from there dis- charged as soon as he was able to return home. As soon as his health would permit he took charge of one of the schools of Evansion, tiiat beautiful city on the shores of Lake Michigan, where he taught until his health and strength failed him, when he was obliged to give up his trust, and a few months after he died. He never recovered from the army sickness nor from the effects of the poison, and was a great, though patient, sufferer for many years prior to his death. The most able physicians in Chicago could give him but temporary relief, and no hope of recovery. On the rgth of April, 187 i, surrounded by his beloved and faithful wife, his loving children and a devoted brother, his pure spirit passed away to that summer land where there is no physical con- flict, no bodily pain. His remains were interred in Oakwood Cemetery, Waukegan, by the side of his parents and other kindred, and by the shores of that hike whose waves peri)etually sing his requiem, and upon the blue waters of which he was wont to gaze with admiring eyes. He left a wife and five children — Nellie, Otto, Lulu, Ernest and Perrin, all of whom are living at Rock Rapids, Iowa, except Perrin, who was drowned while out boating in the Vermilion River at Pontiac, III., June i, 1879. His body was found three days after, and was placed by the side of that of his father in Oakwood Cemetery. Otto and Nellie are married and are living at* Rock Rapids, Iowa. Abingdon made a heavy stride forward when the C, B. & Q. R. R. completed its line through the place. This stimulated its business men to erecting substantial business blocks, and filling them with large stocks of goods. About this time the Hedding College was completed and opened, which placed Abingdon among the first towns in educational ad- vantages. In 1883 the Central Iowa Railroad was completed through, which with the C, B. & Q. R. R. gave her abundant facilities for transportation and ready communication with all parts of the country. The business of Abingdon to-day rests on a substan- tial foundation. Its stores are first-class, well filled, and a fair business is done. It has two banks. As a shipping point for fine horses and cattle, it is unex- celled by any town of its size in the country. It has al»o made considerable advancement in its manu- facturing industries. Among these are two brick and tile factories, one owned by Messrs. Reed & Davis, and the other by that old and reliable citizen, F. P. Foltz. His factory is situated about two miles west of the city. He has a fine bed of clay, whicii is very accessible and comparatively inexhaustible. A first-class quality of tile is made and sold at reason- able rates. Reed & Davis'brick and tile factory is situated just north of the town. This is a recent purchase by them. They have an e.\cellent bed of clay, which they obtain from a shaft some 75 feet below the sur- face. Immediately above the clay-bed lies a two- feet stratum of coal, which they propose to get out and -¥ ^> 1056 XJ^OX COUNTY. *t-^ put on the market. There were many improvements here and a good deal of machinery when these gen- tlemen made their purchase, but they are addirg new and improved machinery, putting up new kilns and drying-houses, and largely increasing their man- ufacturing capacity. They have one kiln in process of erection which will have a capacity of 25,000 tile. The size of their tile ranges from three to eight inches. This is one of the institutions that help maintain and build up a town, and the people should give it every encouragment. The Nordyke Mills, owned by Shoemaker & Mc- Conkle, are another industry of the city which is very creditable. They make a specialty of manufactur- ing graham flour, corn-meal and feed, and have al- ready established an extensive business. With its beautiful location, its superior educational advantages, its industries and the rich agricultural country surrounding it, with the extensive stock farms, Abingdon cannot but be prosperous. Her streets are wide, well laid out, and bordered with beautiful shade trees ; her dwelling-houses average well, while some are elegant. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department was organized in 1877, with C. E. Perdue, Marshal. The Hook and Ladder Company has 15 members. Officers : H. H. Bell- wood, Foreman; W. T. Phelps, First Assistant; J. B. Davis, Second Assistant ; J. J. Bradbury, Secy. ; C. Leigh, Treas. Abingdon Engine Company (chemical) was or- ganized with 21 members. C. J. Lake, Foreman; C. E. Perdue, First Assistant ; F. L. Stubbs, Second Assistant. Have 150 feet of hose; depend on wells and cisterns for water supply. Present officers : Fire Marshal, W. A. Jones. Hook and Ladder Co. : J. Merry, Foreman ; J. Bellwood, First Assistant ; Ed. Fox, Second Assistant ; Ed. Fox, Secy. ; J. Bellwood, Treas.; membership 21. Chemical Company: A. M. Hopper, Foreman; M. H. Best, First Assistant; W. H. Kibby, Second Assistant; 15 members. CHERRY GROVE SEMINARY. •This seminary was at one time a very popular and well patronized institution of learning. It was founded by Vl. C. Bates and Jonathan Latimer, and was located about one mile northwest of Abingdon, on section 29. It was opened March i, 1841, under the charge of Rev. Cyrus Haynes, who was a minis- ter of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Mr. Haynes had charge of this school some eight years, and through liis ability as an instructor and man- ager it became one of the noted institutions of learn- ing of this part of the country, and was very prosper- ous. In 1866 the Cumberland Presbyterian Church established a college at Lincoln, 111., in consequence of which this seminary was discontinued. BANKS. The Union Bank was established by Thales H. Givens, J. M. Dawdy and Strawther Givens, in 1873, under the firm name of Givens, Dawdy & Co. In 1878 the bank was reorganized and changed into the Union Bank of Abingdon, with Strawther Givens as President ; F. P. Foltz, Vice-President, and T. E. Givens, Cashier. The People s Bank was opened on the ist day of December, 1879, with a capital stock of ^30,000. In 1 88 1 the capital was increased to $50,000. In 1883 it was merged into the First National Bank of Ab- ingdon. This bank was founded by M. C. Bates, J. B. McKay and M. C. Kimball. The officers are: J. B. McKay, President; M. C. Kimball, Vice-Presi- dent; W. A. Latimer, Cashier. 4 W. H. Gillaspii [ill. T. Me W. H. Gillaspie i8fc Henry Frey 1861-62 I). D. Shoop 1863 W. H. Gillaspie 1864 " ~ 1865 S. M. Lew 1867 ry Frey. C C . Lewis looo Wm. M. Veatch 1869-70 J. B. Strode 1871-72 A. \'ickery 1873-74 Wm. lohnson 1875 H.C. Murphy i8y6 Henry Frey 1877 Abner Vickery 1878 John Mosser 1879 Wm Johnson 1880 John Mosser 1881 W. B. Main 1882 Thos. Newell 1883 Veatch 1884 W. v. Tr ^ilo. HEDDING COLLEGE. In 1829 A. D. Swartz came to Knox County, and settled, with his family, near Cherry Grove. Being far from society, they were very lonely. One day they walked out to the high ground southwest of their house, and he said to his wife, " We shall live to see a village here, and where we stand a college will be built." On the ground where he stood when, he uttered those words, Hedding College now stands. The school was opened first in the old Methodist Church, on the corner of Washington and Jackson streets. It was under the care of Prof. N. C. Lewis, now deceased, assisted by Prof. M. Andrews, now of Chicago, and was known as Hedding Seminary. The first building was erected in 1857. It was 70 by 40 feet in dimensions and two stories high. The t KNOX COUNTY. >o57 upper room is the chapel. The lower part was used for recitation rooms. In 1S73 the new building was erected, 7 1.^70 feet, two-stories high with a basement. It cost about ^5,000, and gives ample accommoda- tion for 500 stiidents. In view of the growth of the institution, and the demands of its patrons, in 1875 it was organized under the general law of Illinois as a college. After Rev. N. C. Lewis, Prof. J. T. Dick- inson was elected Principal, then Rev. M. Springer. In 1872 Rev. J. G. Evans, A. M.,was elected Presi- dent. During his administration the institution was raised to the rank of a college. After him Rev. G. W. Peck was President, from 1878 to 1882. The last year of his administration was spent in visiting Europe and the Holy Land. He did a good work in the college. In 18S2 Rev. J. S. Camming, D. D., was elected. At that time the college was very much embarrassed with debt. Of the 319,000 indebted- ness, $17,000 has been paid, leaving $2,000, for which provision has been made, and it is hoped that at an r early day all those claims will be settled. The pres- I j ent Faculty consists of Rev. J. S. Gumming, D. D., ^ 1 President, Professor of Mental, Moral and Political Science; Rev. D. T. Wilson, A. M., Vice-President, Professor of Natural Sciences; Mrs. T. D. Headley, A. M., Preceptress, Professor of Mathematics; G. J. Hogertz, A B., Librarian, Professor of Languages; Miss Jennie E. Reed, Ph. M., Secretary, Professor of Belles Lettres ; Miss Mary E. Latimer, B. M., Prin- cipal of Musical Department ; Mr. C. D. Benfield, B. Accts., Principal of Commercial Department ; Madison Reece, M. D., Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene. The college is under the patronage of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. It has done good work. Its sons and daughters are among its preachers, teach- ers, lawyers, doctors and most useful citizens all over the country. The citizens of .■\l)ingdon are justly proud of the college, and have done and are doing much to aid in its finances, and, in turn, the college is doing much to develop moral and intellectual culture in the community. Earnest efforts are being made to se- cure an endowment, .\bout §7,000 have been pledged and several bequests have been made, amounting to a little more than §20,000. When the endowment is sufficient to meet the deficiencies in current expenses, the future usefulness of the college will be assured. PUBLIC SCHOOL. Abingdon has an excellent graded school, which is presided over by V. E. Bender, as Principal; Miss Elsie Marshall has charge of the Grammar Depart- ment; Miss Jennie Haney, Intermediate ; Miss.\nna Vait, Second Primary ; Miss Elizabeth Batty, First Primary. A full English course is taught, and the sciences and Latin. Enrollment, 170; average attendance, 145. It is a fine two-story brick structure, with seven departments, including a fine chapel, in which serv- ices are held every morning. The school property of Abingdon is valued atf 25,- 000. Of persons under 21 years of age there are 336, of whom 240 are of school age, 21 1 being en- rolled. The largest wages paid male teachers were $93.75 per niontli, the lowest the same; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest $35. The tax levy was §3,000. THE PRESS. The Enterprise. This paper cast its neat, newsy pages before the reading public Aug. 6, 1880. It was established by J. C. Cramer. In June, 1884, J. N. Reed and R. E. Pendarvis purchased the plant, and are the present publishers. They have a steam p)Ower press and a good job-office, where they are prepared to do all kinds of jobwork. In this de- partment they have a liberal patronage. The hnter- prise is a five-column quarto paper, Republican in politics, and is ably conducted, with a circulation of about 800. They print the Gleaiur, which is a monthly paper published by the College. They also print the Galesburg Methodist Episaypal District Monthly, which is gotten up under the auspices of the Methodist Church. The Abingdon Argus was established March 8, r882, by Messrs. Clark & Perdue. It was estab- lished as a seven-column folio, and independent in pwlitics. Mr. Perdue retired from the firm the year following, and went to Denver and engaged in garden- ing. Walter H. Clark, senior member, who is a son of Judge Dennis Clark, became sole proprietor. He has continued to increase its popularity and its patrons, and now has a subscription list of about 900. In politics the Argus is still Independent, k job-office is connected with the paper, and first-class jobwork at reasonable prices is done. The Argus is a well- edited, newsy paper, devoted to the interests of its hh io;S KNOX COUNTY. -H- patrons and the developjnent of Abingdon. The editor is a genial gentleman, always glad to meet his friends, and to extend a fraternal hand to the craft. CHURCHES. The Methodist Church was organized in 1833. Tlie society consisted of seven members — Abraham D. Swartz and wife, Joseph Latimer and wife, Mrs. Nancy Latimer and Mr. Finch and wife; only one of whom still survives — Mrs. Nancy Latimer, at the advanced age of 83, who resides with her daughter, Mrs. Emily Chesney, the next oldest living mem- ber. Peter Cartwright .was their Presiding Elder, and D. W. Trotter the first regular pastor. Services were held in private houses of the members until 1837, when the first school-house was built, where the city park now is, and they worshiped there till 1846. They then built their first church, a plain, one-story building, on the corner of Washington and Jackson streets, now used for a shop. They con- tinued to meet in this until after Hedding College was built, when they moved to the chapel. After awhile the little band of seven had increased thirty-fold, and )^ they were well able to build. Accordingly, in 1865, ! 1 the building used at present was erected. It is a two-story structure, costing about §15,000, situated on the corner of Latimer and Washington streets, containing a large auditorium and several pleasant rooms, beside bting adapted to social meetings. They have at present a membership of about 280, with Rev. C. O. McCullough as pastor. The follo\ving is a partial list of Pastors and Presiding Elders. Pastors: From 1833-37 — W. D. R. Trotter, Barton Randall, Peter R. Borein, Henry Summers, A. E. D. West, Chauncey Hobert, Justin Woodworth ; 1837- 38 — Thomas Kirkpatrick ; 1840 — Reuben Plumber, Richardson Walters ; 1841-42 — John Morey ; 1842- 44— S. R. Beggs, J. Wiley; 1845— G. G. Worthing- ton; 1846 — Barton H. Cartwright; 1847 — R. N. Morse, Freeborn Haney; 1848 — Benjamin Applebee; T849— William W. Clark, L. Pool ; 1851-52— Will- iam Haney; 1853-54 — J.P.Brooks; 1855— Hen- derson Ritchie; 1856— P. T. Rhodes, J. G. Evans; 1857-58 — John Borland; 1859 — H. G. Murch; i860 — A. C. Higgins; 186 1 — A.Fisher; 1862 — John Morey ; 1863 — F. M. Chaffee, who was also agent for Hedding College; 1864— D. R. Thomas; 1865— C. Springer; 1866— F. Smith; 1867— D. H. Gray; 1868 — W. P. Graves; 1869-70 — L. Janes; 1871 — J. P. Brooks; 1872— B. E. Kaufman: 1873-75— J. W. Haney; 1876-77— G. M. Irwin; 1878-79— M. A. Head; 1880-81— J. S. Gumming; 1882— H. L Brown, who was obliged to give up the work on ac- count of failing health, the remainder of the year being suppliejl by G. R. Palmer; 1883— W. B. Alex- ander; 1884-85 — C. O. McCullough. Presiding Elders: 1833-35 — Peter Cartwright; 1836 — Henry Summers; 1838 — Newton Berryman; 1840 — John S. Barger; 1846— Richard Haney; 1848— Milton Bourne; 1850 — John Morey; 1856-59 — Henry Summers; i860 — Richard Haney; 1861 — John Morey; 1862 — W. H. Hunter; 1863-65 — F. Smith; 1866-67— W. H. Hunter; 1868-71— H. Ritchie; 1872 — Richard Haney; 1873-76 — J. S. Gumming; 1877-80— A. K. Fullis; i88i— W. M. Collins; 1882- 85— M. C. Bowlin. The Free MetJwdist Church. This society was or- ganized at .\bingdon, in the fall of 1880, by Rev. J. G. Terrell, with W. B. Morse, John Wood and wife and Charles Pratt as members. Meetings were first held in private houses and in halls. In 1881 a lease was secured of the Methodist Protestant building. Rev. William Ferries was the first installed pastor, "^ remaining one year. He was succeeded by Rev. F. E. Hall, who remained one year, and was followed by Rev. C. H. Loomis. Mr. Loomis served the church one year, and then Rev. F. D. Brooks, the present pastor, assumed charge. This society has been slowly increasing in numbers, and has now a membership of 26. They adhere to plainness of apparel, lapng aside all superfluous dress and orna- mentation. They also exclude trom the pale of their church those who use tobacco in any form or belong to any secret organization. As far as they can, they adhere to the means and methods of the early Meth- odists. The clergy do evangelical work in the main, instead of settling down to local preaching. The Christian Church. — This congregation was organized in 1840, by Rev. Hiram Smith, who was the first pastor. Services were held several years in private houses and in halls. In 1849 they erected a neat little building at a cost of §1,000, in which they worship for several years. Their present place of worship is the chapel of the old Abingdon College. This society seems to have lost its prestige here, and the church work is not as regular nor as active as in former days. They have an enrollment of about 140 *ir LA.:r ^ H- KNOX COUNTY. IOS9 members, presiding over which is Rev. L. B. Myers. The Congregational Church. This society was or- ganized Sept. 21, 1881, with 13 members, by Rev. J. VV. Clarke, who was the first pastor. A part of its congregation was made up from the Cumberland Presbyterians, which society had been disbanded. This society was organized in 1835, at Cheriy Grove, by Rev. James Stockton, and at first held its meet- ings in private houses. In 1866 they erected a neat little edifice at Abingdon, which was dedicated in February of the following year. After organization the Congregationalists purchased the Cumberland church building. It was refitted in 1885, at an ex- pense of S2.500, adding also a lecture room. Mr. Clarke served the church until February, 1883, when he was succeeded by Rev. D. B. Spencer, the present pastor. This society has been thrifty, having now a membership of about 100 souls, and a Sabbath- school numbering 160 scholars. The present pros- perous condition of this church is largely due to the present pastor, who is a man of much ability. SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. Abingdon Lodge, No. iSj, A. F. &-■ A. M. This Lodge was chartered Oct. 2, 1855. The officers named in the charter were Gabriel Williams, W. M.; C. W. Higgins, S. W. ; C. C. Lewis, J. W. In regard to the other officers the records are deficient. The present officers are L. B. Myers, W. M. ; Ed. Giv- ens, S. W.; L. L. Long, J. W. ; W. W. Jones, Treas. ; James Bellwood, Sec'y; G. W. Fox, S. D. ; L. D. Stephens, J. D. ; M. Hughey, S. S. ; A. W. White, J. S. ; S. McFarland, Tiler. Present membership, 75. In 187 I they built a hall, which is well finished and neatly furnished. The society is in good work- ing condition and financially sound, having funds in the treasury. Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F., was char- tered Oct. 14, 1855, with H. B. Porter, D. \V. Rack- hold, John L. Hill, Wm. Shannon, R. K. Porter and W. H. Gillaspie. The first officers were Henry Por- ter, N. G. ; J. L. Hill, V. G. ; W. H. Gillaspie, Rec. Sec'y; C. S. Howard, Per. Sec'y; Wm. Shannon, Treas. Of these members Wm. Shannon, D. W. Rackhold, Wm. H. Gillaspie are living. In 1880 they purchased a new hall and fitted it up for their use, at an expense of $1,600. Their property is valued at $3,766. Present officers : F.W.Latimer, N. G. ; G. W. Oldfather, V. G.; James W. Cox, Rec. ^JT" lA-r Sec'y; D. F. Givens, Per. Sec'y; M. B. Harden, Treas. Present membership, 49. They have a neatly finished hall, and are prosper- ous, having funds at interest and money in the treas- ury. The Rebecca Degree has been given to some 20 ladies and they have applied for a charter. The Ancient Order of United Workmen was char- tered Aug. 1, 1878. First officers: John Mosser, P. M. W. ; J. O. Andrews, M. W.; Henry Ratekin, G. F. ; Wm. Phelps, O. ; G. W. Oldfather, Recorder; J. M. Heller, Financier; Strawther Givens, Receiver; J. S. Ritchey, G. ; Charles Swarts, I. W. ; Milton Dailey, O. W. Present officers: M. Bumer, P. M. W. ; F. Foreman, M. W. Present membership, about 30. The Lodge is in good condition. Abingdon LodgQ, No. jio. Good Templars, was organized Dec. 20, 1869, with about 20 members. First officers : S. D. Mosser, W. C. T. ; A. W. Coch- run, Sec'y: Bessie Benfield, Treas. Present mera- bership,about4o. They have a fine hall, well finished, and hold meetings regularly every Monday evening. The Lodge is prosperous. G. A. R. Post, No. 58, was chartered July 16, 1879, with 38 charter members. First officers: C. W. Bassett, Com.; A. M. Hopper, S. V. C; G. M. Bowden, J. V. C. ; D. M. Reece, Sui^.; D. J. H. Miller, Q. M. ; S. D. Hall, O. D. ; A. N. Young, O. G. ; J. V. Burd, Chaplain; A. W. Cochrun, Adjt. ; J. W. Maginnis, Sergt. ; Henry Nichols, Q. M. Sergt. Present oflScers : A. W. Cochrun, Com. ; Wm. Pea- body, S. V. C; Wm. Kibbey, J. V. C. ; C. E. Per- due, Q. M.; Wm. Sheeley, Chaplain ; E. F. Purdum, Surg. ; Isaac George, O. D. ; J. H. Young, O. G. ; G. W. Shoop, Adjt. Present membership, 45. The Post is fairly prosperous and in good working order. Have a plain, substantial hall, with the necessary equip- ments for working. W. C. T. U. This organization was formed here in 1875, and has been doing good work in its line of reformation. Mrs. G. D. Shoop is the President ; Mrs. S. A Hughey, V. P. ; Mrs. Ellen Sanborn, Rec. - Sec'y; Mrs. Caroline Perdue, Cor. Sec'y; Mrs. W. H. Heller, Treas. At present the society is in good standing, and there are about 20 members. A Band of Hope was started last fall, of which Mrs. Hall is the present Superintendent. •e4 1060 js:nox county. Independent Order of Mutual Aid, Abingdon lodge, No.7i,^a.'s, chartered March 23, 1880, with 14 mem- bers. First officers: M. F. Johnson, President; H. M. Shoop, V. P.; C. W. Bassett, Rec. Sec'y; H. L. Chaffee, Fin. Sec'y ; J. W. McCowan, Treas. Present officers: J. H. Miller, President ; W. H. Kibbey, V. P. ; J. W. McCowan, Rec. Sec'y; J- A. Marshall, Fin. Sec'y; Win. Sheeley, Treas. Present membership, 10; many of the members having moved away. This is an insurance order. Policies are all $2,ooo, and are issued to persons from 25 to 50 years The meetings are held in the G. A. R. Hall. CEMETB^Y. Abingdon Cemetery is pleasantly located on the southeast quarter of section 32, and contains about ten acres. It is owned by the city and is controlled by the City Council. Many of the old pioneers of Kno.x County repose here beneath the shady trees. It was well laid out, the grounds are well kept, and contain many fine and appropriate monuments. ^NEIDA CITY is situated in the southeast corner of Ontario Township, and was founded in 1834, by Charles F. Camp, B. S. West and S. V. R. Holmes. It was platted September r, same year, the plat embracing the northwest corner ol section 36. Additions were made afterward, extending into section 35, and south in section 36. Tlie town was started in anticipation of the completion of the C, B. & Q. R. R., the line of which ran diagonally through the plat, and which was com- pleted in December. The location is exceedingly attractive, and throvigh the enterprise and good taste of its citizens Oneida has been made one of the pleasant towns of the county. A meeting was called on Dec. 3, 1858, for the purpose of taking into con- sideration the matter of village incorporation. It was decided at this meeting to put the question to a vote of the people, and that the election be held on the 24th of December, to vote for or against incor- poration. The election was held at the old school- house, which resulted in favor of incor[X)ration. There were 47 votes cast for incorporation and 18 against. Of these voters only 12 are now living. A meeting was held on the 7th of January, 1859, to elect Trustees, resulting in the election of Charles F. Camp, H. L. Sage, J. M. Brown, J. M. Fleming and William B. Le Baron. At a meeting of the Trustees held at C. H. Conger's office, Wm. B. Le Baron was chosen President. In r869 the town of Oneida was incorporated as a city by the General Assembly, the act being ap- proved March 4, 1869. The first election for city officers was held April 5, 1869. B. S. West was chosen Clerk and Alvah Wheeler and A. P. Child Judges of Election. This resulted in electing F. G. Jelliff and George H. Varce, Police Magistrates; J. A Pratt and George Stephenson, Marshals ; D. D. Martin, R. Bristol, E. J. Peterson and E. Bennett, Aldermen. The first store opened in Oneida was by Miles & St. John, on the east side of the Square, in the fall of 1854. Soon after this a building for a hotel was commenced, and was completed and opened to the ifcr ^> 4 ■M* KNOX COUNTY. 1 06 1 public about Christmas. On the 20th of November of the same year, according to Isaac Hurr, the con- struction train came into the new village, and by the 4th of July, the following year, several families had settled, among whom were those of C. F. Camp, J. J. Rodgers, C. W. Robertson. J. Kinney, S. Cooley, J. Eckley, M. Osgood and E. Child. The present post-office was opened in the winter of 1S54-55, with C. F. Camp as Postmaster. A school-house was completed in June, 1855, and soon after Miss Mary Allen West was duly installed as teacher. Miss West is now on the editonal stafT of one of the Chicago papers. They were a patrotic people about this country, and, actuated by their love of country and the invit- ing prospects before them, they concluded to have a grand Fourth-of-July celebration in the year of our Lord 1855. This was done in the old pioneer style. Tiiere were some 8,000 people gathered in here from the broad prairies, and a grand old time was had. There was a free dinner, speeches, martial music, and all the etceteras accompanying the celebration of our national birthday. From its first settlement Oneida has had a healthy and a steady growth. It has suflfered severely from fires, but the destruction of her business houses did not discourage her enterprising citizens, and these buildings were soon restored. Oneida has now several fine business houses, two grain elevators and a bank. This bank was started in 1868, by W. L. Hubbard & Co. This firm sold out to Conger & Allen, and then Allen sold out to Conger. In the spring of 1877 the business was purchased by An- derson & Murdock, who are the present reliable, genial and popular proprietors, and who are doing a large banking business. The people of Oneida are noted for their intelligence, neighborly regard for each other, and for their hospitality. It is estimated now to contain about 1,000. The citizens have prepared a fine cemetery for the repose of their dead. There are many good monu- ments in it, some displaying artistic taste, and the lots and grounds are well taken care of. The fol- lowing-named citizens have served the city as Mayors: F. G. Jelliff, 1869-70; W. B. Le Baron, 1871; A. B. Anderson, 1872. Mr. Anderson was found not to be eligible, and a special election was had, and A. S. Curtis elected and served until 1878. The Post-Office was first filled by C. F. Camp, who was succeeded by E. Collamer and then by N. H. Walworth, J. A. Pratt, C. B. VVetmore, J. Mc- Quade, R. Voris, J. B. Shaw, W. B. Le Baron, and Jeptha Brainard, the present incumbent. SCHOOL. Oneida has a thoroughly graded school and it is well conducted. J. H. Graham, Principal ; James Grant, Assistant ; Miss Mary E. Shedd, Intermediate ; Miss A. E.Graham, First Primary ; Jennie Voris, Sec- ond Primary; enrollment, 218; average attendance, 192. A well-selected library of 300 volumes is con- nected with the school. The sciences, with Latin, are taught. -A. local teachers' institute is organized and meets every two weeks. From scholars who have attended this school there are 18 who are now teach- ing in the county. The building is a large, fine two-story brick structure with five departments, and has a commodious chapel, with capacity of seating 300 persons. It was erected in 1870 at a cost of $1,400. Mr. Graham is an old teacher and has a very peculiar, though effective, method of teaching. Scholars passing out of this school will generally un- derstand what they have learned. This may seem a strange axiom, but there are many pupils graduat- »< ing from schools at the present day who have a very limited knowledge of what they have been studying. THE ONEIDA NEWS was established in 1882, the first issue going out to the Oneida public June 28. It was a two-column folio, and edited by J. C. Montgomery, who is the present editor and proprietor. The Neios has been enlarged to a three- column paper and has a circula- tion of 300. It is independent in politics, is a spicy little sheet, all original and devoted to the interests of its patrons and the city of Oneida. BAND. The Oneida Band \\a.i organized in August, 1885, with F. \V. Dimmitt as Leader and Secretary, and J. Barnes, Treasurer. This band is in regular prac- tice and improving rapidly. CHURCHES. The Congregational Church was organized Dec. 22, 1855, by Rev. Jonathan Blanchard, with 21 members. The first pastor, H. C. Abernethy, re- mained ten years and was succeeded by Rev. R. C. Dunn, in 1867, who died the same year. A call was made for and accepted by L. F. Waldo, in August, 1868. He was succeeded by J. L. Gran- h^ ^1- Io62 KNOX COUNTY. ger in April, 187 1, who remained until 1873 and was succeeded by W. A. Chamberlain, Jan. 10, 1874, serving until March, 1878. H. M. Case followed in May, same year, remaining until Sept. i, 1882. May I, 1883, William J. Clark took charge, remaining one year. Nov. 23, 1884, Rev. E. L. Sherman took charge and is the present pastor. Present mem- bership, 105; Sabbath school, 167 ; parsonage con- nected with church. The church was dedicated Feb. 4, 1858, J. Blanchard preaching the sermon. Rev. L. Parker was a supply from the organization of the Church to the installation of their first regular pastor. The Swedish Evangelical Luthera/i Ckurch\\3.i or- ganized in November, 1883. Rev. L. G. Abrahamson was the first pastor, and served the Church until the winter of 1885. The society have used the old Ad- vent building. As yet they have not secured a suc- cessor to Mr. Abrahamson, but they have services on Sunday afternoons. Membership, 25. The Oneida Methodist Episcopal Church was organ- ized about 1855 or '56, probably by Rev. L. P. Crouch. iKvVe can find no definite history of the Church, how- ever, until the year 1857, except tliat Robert Tal- bot, now deceased, and Thomas Talbot were among the first members. The following are the pastors who have labored here from 1857 until date, and the term of service of each : In 1857, VV. M. Clark; 1858-9, G. W. Brown; 1860-61, William Watson; 1862-3, W. J. Smith; 1864, N. C. Lewis; 1865, S. L. Hamilton; 1866-7, William Watson; 1868, Mr. Spur- lock; 1869-70, C. B. Couch; 187 i, H. I. Brown; 1872, H. C. Foote; 1873-75, C. H. Brace; 1876, L. B. Dennis; 1377-79; C. B. Couch; 1880, T. L. Falkner i88r, J. W. Oiterman; 1882, D. Ayers; 1883, W. A. Pratt; 1884-85, N. T. Allen, the present pastor. The present membership is 75. Mrs. S. B. Glenn is the present Superintendent of the Sabbath-school, which has a membership of about 60. M. G. Waldron is Assistant Superintendent. Services are held every Sabbath and prayer meetings every Wednesday night. The First Presbyterian Church was organized May 4, 1863, at the school-house in DistrictNo. 3, by Rev. C. B. Bristol. Joseph Findley and James B. Rals- ton were chosen and ordained as Elders. By order of the Presbytery the name was changed from the First Presbyterian Ciiurch of Ontario to the present name. They have a good church building, a par- sonage and a fair membership. Rev. Edmond H. Post is the present pastor. Methodist Episcopal Church. This society was or- ganized as early as 1845, by Rev. R. N. Morse. It was subsequently located at Oneida and had a mem- bership at one time of 125. A chuicli building was erected at a cost of $2,500, and a parsonage at a cost of $1,200. Oneida Lodge, No. JJ7, A., F. &= A. M. Dispen- sation was granted for the organization of this lodge, March 26, i860. First officers: E. W. Roberts, W. M. ; W. L. Hubbard, S. W. ; James Suncox, J. W. ; N. Maul, Tiler. It was chartered Oct. 3, i860. Present officers: S. C. Whitcomb, W. M.; C. G. Graves, S. W. ; David Hamilton, J. W. ; A. B. An- derson, Treas. ; E. Marsh, Secy.; Frank Prouty, S. IX; John Talbot, J. D.; William H. Moore, Tiler. ' Present membership, 60. Good working condition ; money at interest. At present they have a rented hall, but they propose to build one soon. Oneida Chapter, No. if 3, was chartered Oct. 26, 1876, with 23 members. Previous to this the Chap- ter worked under dispensation for about one year. The officers under dispensation were : G. L. Ste- phenson, H. P.; F. Murdock, K. ; T. A. Wetmore, Scribe ; A. B. Anderson, C. H. ; B. F. Brown, P. S. Present officers: G. L. Stephenson, H. P.; O. P. Cooley, K. ; D. Hamilton, Scribe ; C. G. Graves, C. H. ; E. Marsh, P. S. ; A. B. Anderson, Treas. ; T. A. Wetmore, Secy. ; S. C. Whitcomb, R. A. C. ; F. Murdock, G. M. 3d V.; Thomas Hosier, G. M. 2d v.; S. S. Russell, G. M. ist V.; W. H. Moore, Tiler. Present membership, 25. /. O. O. F., No. 228, was chartered Oct. 15, 1857. This charter was surrendered in 1861. June 3, 1874, the Lodge was reinstituted, preserving the same number. The Lodge was burned out in 1857. First officers: R. Voris, N. G. ; J. W. Tate, V. G. ; C. C. Scudder, Secy. ; A. B. Anderson, Treas. Present officers : F. Murdock, N. G. ; M. G. Waldron,. V. G. ; E. C. Hammond, P. G. ; F. Beals, L. D. ; A. B. An- derson, Treas. It has a membership of 21, is in good working order and financially good. It meets in the Masonic hall. *~i^ *4; , rz . KNOX COUNTY. ^^^4-^ 1063 ^a ■^' ■-■ ■■■■■ 'Si*"' To ITiV/S^/P/S ISTORIES of townships are an essential and prominent part of the county history. The various parts of Knox County were settled by '^ men most of whom have w" representatives now living in the county, or are still living here b^ tiiemselves. A careful reading of the incidents relating to the eady settle- ment of the several townships will repay the reader, as each one con- tains tlie names of the first settlers, and many other items which are re- quired to make the history complete. The township histories are given in theij- alpiiabetical order, and the sketches of the vil- lages are included in their respective townships. CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 'HE first settlement made in this township was by Azel Dorsey, who with his family located on the northwest quarter of section 18, in 1878. He sold out soon after to Mr. Finch, who was a Methodist exhorter, and moved to Fulton County. Mr. Fincli subse- quently sold out and moved to Missouri. With Mr. Dorsey came Rev. Hiram Palraer, who located near him on section 7. Mr. Palmer was a Methodist preacher. He subsequently, in the spring of r832, moved to the soutiieast quarter of section 32, where the Abingdon Cemetery is now located. In 1829 Abraham D. Swartz and family, from Warren County, moved in, settling on the southwest quarter of section 17. This place is now occupied by James Kays. He had settled in Warren County, to make a home there, but being an ardent Method- ist, and learning that there were some of his faith here, he moved over, in order to be with his brethren. With him came his nephew, Josiah Stillings. It was Mr. Swartz who first conceived the idea of founding a college at Abingdon. Over twenty-five years, however, passed away before this project was carried out, ar>d then Mr. Swartz had gone to his long home. The establishment of Hedding College is due mainly to the earnest efforts made by tiiis noble Christian gentleman. He died in 1852, and was buried in Abingdon Cemetery. His devoted wife had preceded him to that better home. They died of typhoid fever. It was Mr. Swartz who laid out the town of Abingdon. They had eight cliildten, three boys and five girls. They are all dead but one boy and two girls. The oldest girl lives in Washington Territory, and the youngest, Sarah E., who married Mr. Thos. R. Wilson, is also living in- Washington Territory. The spn is living in Kansas. 44 1064 KNOX COUNTY. ^-¥ The next settler was Joseph Latimer and family of four children, from Tennessee. They moved in in 1831, and made a claim on the northwest quarter of section 29. Mr. Latimer was a good citizen, and built him up here a fine home. He and his wife died at their home and were buried in Cherry Grove burying-ground. George Latimer, son of Joseph, came in 1831 and settled on section 29. He was followed in 1832 by his brother Jonathan, who set- tled on section 28. He caine from Sangamon County, where he had been living awhile. Jacob West, father-in-law of Jonathan Latimer, came with him, settling near by. In 1833 Joshua Bland came with a large family, settling in section 16. Dennis Clark came in this year and lived with Col. Geo. G. Latimer. He was a smart, active and intelligent young man and made himself very popular as well as useful about the settlement. Mr. Bland was quite a benefactor to this new settlement, manifesting this element in his nature by erecting a corn-cracker. It was started in 1833 and located at the head- waters of Branch Creek, as it was called. It was moved by horse power, and rather a primitive ar- rangement, yet it was as welcome as the night dews to the withered flowers. Before this mill was started the settlers went to EUisville, on Spoon River, to have their grain ground, and afterward, too, for his little mill was not equal to the increasing demand made upon it. EUisville Mill was very good for those days, and was largely patronized from an extended area of territory. People going there for their grists were sometimes obliged to wait a whole week before they could turn their faces homeward; and often, while there, kept body and soul together by eating parched corn. There was only one dwelling- house at the mill ; and that was not set up as an eleemosynary institution and could not be expected to feed all the hungry people waiting the slow turn- ing of this mill. While this was not a mill of the gods, yet it was not fast in the grinding. Wm. Bevins and family made an addition to this settlement in 1834, locating on section 23. He was a son-in-law of Mr. Bland. After dwelling here for six years his wife died, and he subsequently re- moved to Iowa, where he died. Lewis and Bennett Spurlock also moved in this year, settling on section 23. Lewis was a great deer-hunter. His success in hunting this game kept the settlement very liberally supplied with venison. After all, this settlement fell under very propitious circumstances, for Bevins was a great bee-hunter, and with plenty of corn-cake, honey and venison, they were not likely to go hun- gry. Bennett Spurlock moved away; Lewis lived and died here. Reuben Castle, hearing of this happy and thrifty settlement, came in this year, making a claim on section 1 2. A greater claim, how- ever, was made by this pioneer, to the hand of Miss Lang, which he took with the owner, to strengthen and brighten his castle. Neither of these persons has had cause to regret this action, for many years have rolled by to bless the union, leaving them yet living happily together at the old homestead. About this time Hugh A. Kelly and wife, a brother-in-law of Castle, came in, settling on section 15. He was an active man in township matters and is still living. In mentioning the early settlers, Mrs. Catharine Reed should not be overlooked. She was a widow of John Reed, who settled on section 17 in 1836. His location was made on the ground the Indians camped on before the Black Hawk War. Mrs. Reed ' was born in Scotland in 1790, and emigrated to this country in 1796. The first couple to join their hearts and hands as one, in this township, were U. D. Coy and Susan Latimer in December, 1832. They afterward moved to Iowa, where they died. Mr. Coy was intlie Black Hawk War. The first natural increase to the population of this settlement was in the person of little Miss Ellen Swartz, November 29, daughter of A. B. Swartz, whose advent into this community was as welcome as a bright May morning. The first death was Miss Olive Strange, who died in 1834. She was a niece of Rev. John Strange, of In- diana, and came to this place with John Kays, in 1833- The first school taught here was in the winter of (835-36, by Mr. Seymour, at Cherry Grove. Rev. Hiram Palmer was the first man to administer religious food in the way of preaching to the people. Service was held at this time at the residence of A. D. Swartz. Wolves were quite plenty here in the early days and were very troublesome to the settlers. Some of the cabins had no doors other than straw bedticks hung up at the entrance to keep out the cold. When the husband would necessarily be compelled to be absent of a night the wife would keep up a bright "^ t .Y-. ^A/OX COUNTY. ■^I- io<5s fire during the long hours, to prevent any invasion by these hungry and dangerous animals. These wolves not only annoyed the settlers by their prowl- ing about the cabins, but were constantly preying upon the sheep and young stock. Panthers were also seen occasionally about the settlements. Cedar Townshii) is numbered ten, nortli of range one east, and is bounded on the north byGalesburg, on the east by Orange, on the south by Indian Point Township, on the west by Warren County. It is watered by Branch Creek and other little streams. A greater pwrtion of the township is un- dulating prairie with a rich soil. April 5, 1853,3 meeting was held for the purpose of perfecting a township organization. The voters selected Hugh A. Kelly, Moderator, and L. W. Con- ger, Clerk, and then proceeded to cast their votes. E. P. Dunlap was chosen Supervisor; \Vm. Marks, Clerk; Wm. Lang, Assessor; James W. Smoot, Col- lector; J. W. Stephens and \V. H. Heller, Commis- sioners of Highways; P.M. Shoop and Joseph Har- vey, Justices of the Peace ; Thos. S. Bassett, Over- seer of the Poor; Sol. Stigall and Eli Butler, Con- stables. The election was held at what was then Louisville, about two miles north of Abingdon, on section 16. A vote was also taken for the place of holding the next election, which resulted in favor of Louisville. This township was organized as Cherry Grove, but was changed to Cedar. In 1855 the place for hold- ing elections was changed to Abingdon. The same year the township «as furnished the means of trans- portation by the completion of what was called the Northern Cross Railroad, from Quincy lo Galesburg. There is but one town in Cedar, which is Abingdon, and is located about midway on the southern line of the township. It is highly cultivated, and splendid farms, with fine houses and farm buildings, can be seen in ever)' part of it. Special attention has been given, of late yeais, to the cultivation of blooded stock — Short-horns and the hornless breed — and in this line Cedar ranks first of the townships in the county. Cedar Township has eight school districts, all of which have ungraded schools. Value of school property, $8,000, with two brick and six frame school- houses. Number of libraries worth $200, four. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 448, of whom 345 were of school age, 320 being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $45, the lowest S30; the highest paid female teachers wereS40, and the lowest $25. The tax levy was S^.SSS- The populationof Cedar, in 1880, was 1,976, which is about the number of inhabitants at the present writing. SUPERVISORS. Below are given the Hames of the citizens who have been honored by the votes of this township with the office of Supervisor: E. P. Dunlap, 1853-54; J. R. Johnson, 1855 ; Thos. B. Mount, 1856-57 ; H. A. Kelly, 1858; J. W. Stephens, 1,859-62 ; James Mc- Kinnie, 1863; Shaftoe Lowrey, 1864 ; E. S. Hardin, 1865-68; M. C. Bates, 1869; E.S.Hardin, 1870; M. C. Bates, 1871-72; P. M. Shoop, 1873-74; M. C. Bates, 1875-76; J. S. Latimer, 1877-79; M. C. Kimball, 1880-85 CHESTNUT TOWNSHIP. .HESTN'UT TOWNSHIP is located in the < uLithern tier of townships and is num- ■^ bered 9 north of range 2 east. It has for its northern boundary Orange Township, its eastern Maquon, on the south lies Fulton County and on the west Indian Point Town- It is quite liberally watered and fairly lim- Sjxxin River enters the township on section 24, and, meandering in a southwest direction, passes out on section 34. Other little streams, tributary to this river, course through the township, which afford ample drainage. The surface of the land is mostly rolling prairie, and is very productive. In the south- western part and along Spoon River, the land is broken and pretty heavily timbered. Chestnut was among the early settled townships of the county. In 1833 its beautiful prairies attracted the attention of .'Xnson Dolf, who came in and made a claim for a home on section 17. The following spring Mr. Dolf permanently located here and commenced the im- provement of his farm. He did not dwell here long alone, for this same year came John Terry and set- tled on the adjoining section 16. Mr. Terry was a Virginian, and came from Greenbrier County. It was not long before William McFarland, another Virginian, came in. In the latter part of 1834 Mr. Shaver moved in, locating on section 17. From ■^ 1066 KNOX COUNTY. 1839 the township settled up quite rapidly, and with a sturdy, thrifty and an intelligent class of settlers. John Terr)- had the honor of serving the township as the first Justice of the Peace. 'Squire Terry also performed the first marriage ceremony, that of Mr. Gray and Miss Cope. The first natural increase to the population of Chestnut was through tl'.e agency of Mr. and Mrs. Shaver, in the birth of a daughter, in 1835. Chestnut was organized as a township April 5, 1853. A meeting for the election of officers was held on this day. There is no town of any importance in this town- ship, there being no railroad passing through it, and the people do their trading mostly at Abingdon. In 1840 a town was platted by Archibald Long, on sec- tion 19. It never grew to be more than a small hamlet. It was named Hermon. At this place at an early day a Christian Church was organized, the membership of which was at one time quite large. It is still in a good, healthy condition, and is pre- sided over by a minister from the Abingdon Christian Church. Chestnut is one of the best townships in the coun- ty, and ranks about third in stock-raising, and is hardly excelled by any in the production of grain. Its farms are well laid out, intelligently cultivated, and adorned with good houses and farm buildings. Take it altogether, it is a very attractive township, and a man who has a home here can very easily be contented with this life. The population according to the census of rSSo was 1,087, and it is estimated that there has been an increase since that time. From the County School Superintendent's report for the year 1885, the follow- ing items were taken : There are eight school districts, with no graded schools. The school buildings are all frame, with a valuation of school property of §5,800. There is one library. Of persons under 2 i years of age there were 455, of whom 330 were of school age, 26 r being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teach- ers was $50 per month, the lowest §25 ; the highest wages paid female teachers was $45, the lowest $25. The ta.x levy was $3,566.07. From the Assessor's report for 1885, the following items are obtained : Number of acres of improved lands, 22,695 > value of same, $288,495. Number of improved lots, 32 ; value of same, $3,045. Number of horses, 793 ; cat- \- tie, 2,423; mules and asses, 20 ; sheep, 782; hogs, 3,650; steam engines, 2; carriages and wagons, 22 r ; watches and clocks, 5 r ; pianos, i ; melodeons and organs, 35. Total value of personal property, S74,- 055- SUPERVISORS. Samuel CoUins, r852-54; D. B. Routh, 1855; Samuel Collins, 1856; Daniel B. Routh, 1857-61; Thomas Newell, i 862-64 ; I- D. Ferris, 1865 ; Thos. Newell, 1866-67; Owen Betterton, r868 ; Thomas Newell, r869; Geo. Pickrell, 1870; Thos. Hopkins, r87i; Daniel Wainright, r872-74; Samuel McFar- land, r875-8o; Leon A. Townsend, r88!-86. COPIiEY TOWNSHIP. .OPLEY TOWNSHIP was organized April 5,1853. A meeting was held in the school- house for the election of officers, and was presided over by Isaac Copley. John O. Stanley was chosen Moderator and Ira B. Copley, Clerk. There were 50 votes cast, re- sulting in the election of the following-named officers: John O. Stanley, Supervisor ; Norton Kelsey, Clerk ; J. M. Perkins, Assessor; Austin Gaines, Collector; Isaac Copley and A. W. Buckley, Justices of the Peace; Aaron A. Smith, S. McCornack and Joseph Airie, Highway Commissioners ; Jeremiah Collison, Overseer of the Poor. Copley is numbered 12 north of range 4 east, and is bounded on the north by Walnut Grove, on the east by Victoria, on the south by Persifer, and on the west by Sparta Townships. It is very well watered by Court Creek, which runs southwesterly, and then southeasterly, emptying into Sparta River, Foreman Creek, which runs northeasterly, and a branch of Spoon River, running southerly. The northern portion is fine, rolling prairie, and the south- ! em broken and very well timbered. It is especially adapted for raising the cereals, oats and corn being the best crop, and in this production Copley ranks among the first townships in the county. Matthew Herbert was the pioneer settler in this township. He came with his family in the spring of 1837 and made a claim on section 14. He subsequently moved away and is now dead. In 1838 there was quite an addition made to the A- ■ — •^ -.y—. . JCNOX COUNTY. 1067 Herbert settlement, George Foster and wife and children, viz. : John, William, Harriet and Nancy, locating in Copley. Next EHas and Rachel Hurr, Alex. Stephens, John McDowell, Sr., David Ogden, John and Wm. E. Foster came into the township with their families. Stephens, McDowell and Ogden located on section 14. McDowell was from Scotland and Ogden from Ohio. The Fosters settled on section I. John had seven children. He died on the farm in 1844 and his widow in September, 1866. Wm. Foster is still living in Nebraska. McDowell died on the old homeslead in 1867. Ogden moved away, as also did Matthew Herbert. With Mr. Hurr came four children — I. E., Edward L., Margaret, and J. B. Hulick, a stepson, locating on section 3. They were from Clermont County, Ohio. Mr. Hurr went back and died on his return to the township. His widow died in 1875, at the old place. All the children are living but Hulick, who died in 1863. I. E. Hurr married, in 1867, Miss Mary M. Eckley, and is living on section 3. He is a good citizen, an industrious and well-to-do farmer, but is more espe- cially distinguished for the possession of a most re- markable and peculiar memory. (See biography, page 916.) These settlers formed the nucler.s from which, with additional incoming new settlers and the natural increase, the present fine population was de- rived. A son of Matthew Herbert was the first child born in the township, in 1838. The first death was that of Harriet Foster, sister of John Foster, in 1842, on section i, where she was buried. The first couple married were Mrs. Hurr and Charles Bostick, in Sep- tember, 1840. The first sermon preached was by Rev. Charles Bostick, a Methodist preacher, in a school-house, in 1840. About that time a Methodist class was formed. Mary Jane Smith was the pioneer teacher, gathering her little flock about her in a log school-house on section i, in 1842. Miss Smith was married to John Becker, Oct. 12, 1845, and they are now living in Galesburg. The first saw-mill put up was in 1850, on the farm of Jeremiah Collison, and was run by horse-power. In the early day the people bought and sold their goods at Peoria, Knoxville and Chicago. The Indians had been living about the township before the whites came in, but they " left the coun- try " — so to speak— after the incoming of the pio- neers. Samuel Berry is credited with erecting the first frame building, in 1840, on the northeast quarter of section 9. Mr. Berry died in 1881. The Swedish Methodist Society was the first to erect a church building, which was in 1854. The Methodist Episcopal Cliurch building was erected in 1855, and was dedicated the 9th day of September, same year, by Rev. S. Bowles, of Chicago. Rev. Mr. Falkenlnng dedicated ths Swedish Church. The Scotch Presbyterian Church building was erected in 1862, and dedicated June 11, 1863. It was called the John Knox Church. Services are held there every Sunday, Rev. E. H. Post being the pastor, with a flock including about 50 persons. Services are held at the Swedish Church by Rev. Mr. Anderson. Rev. W. A. Cumming is pastor of the Methodist Church, with services regularly every Sabbath. Its membership is about 100. The Second Swedish Methodist Church, which is located on section 33, is presided over by Rev. S. Westergreen. A part of the village of Victoria lies in this town- ship, on sections 12 and 13. Here, and at Oneida and Waiaga, the people do most of their marketing and trading. Copley is a good township to live in ; the general outline is attractive, the soil fertile and the location fine. Its farms are well cultivated, and its farm buildings comfortable and homelike. Its population in 1880 was 1,07 i, and it is estimated that there has been a slight increase since that time. From the County Superintendent's report the fol- lowing school items have been obtained : There are nine school districts in this township, with nine ungraded schools and nine frame school- houses. The school property was valued at $4,400. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 392, of whom 289 were of school age, 227 being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $35 per month, which were also the lowest; the highest wages paid female teachers were $37, and the lowest $25. The tax levy was $1,675. SUPERVISORS. Below are appended the names of the Supervisors elected from 1853 to 1885 : John O. Stanley, 1853-55; S. McCornack, 1856-62 ; J. M. Balthis, 1863; S. McCornack, 1864-65; James Johnston, 1866-69; Wm. H. Leigiiton, 1870-72; J. L. McCornack, 1873-74; J. W. Tem- ple, 1875-77; Wm. H. Leighton, 1878-85. X- H^ io68 KNOX COUNTY. ELBA TOWNSHIP. Ms^ \f LBA completed its township organization April 5, 1853. At the meeting for that pur- pose, N. S. Barber was chosen Moderat- W or and P. J. Hines, Clerk. Forty-nine votes were cast, which resulted in the election of the following genilemen to fill the respective offices: John B Nicholson, Supervisor; James W. Hines, Clerk; H. L. Bailey, Assessor; Henry Smith, Col- lector; H. Oberholizer, John West and K. Hines, Commissioners of Highways; John West and B. F. Johnson, Justices of the Peace ; Wm. Series, Over- seer of the Poor; Henry Smith, Constable. It was organized first as Liberty Township, but was changed the same year to Elba. This is in township 10 north of range 4 east, and is bounded on the north by Truro, on the east by Peoria County, on the south by Salem and on the west by Haw Creek Township. The first settler in this township was John King, who came in with his family in the spring of 1836, settling on section 2, where he erected a log cabin. ^f The Kings were not destined to dwell alone, for they were soon followed by Darius Miller and his brother (who was generally known as King Miller), John and Felix Thurman, Leonard A. and Darius Jones and J. H. Nicholson, with their families. The Joneses were from New York, and located on section 15, and the Thurmans on French Creek. They were from Ohio. In the fall of 1837 Jacob Kightlinger, wife and 1 1 children — 9 boys and 2 girls — from Pennsylvania, added their force, which was by no means an insig- nificant one, to the settlement, locating on section 27. They came in a flatboat to Cincinnati, bringing with them timber for their house. Being unable to get it any further without great risk, they sold it. From Cincinnati they took a steamboat to Peoria, and with teams made their way to their new home. In 1838, James H. Baird, the Lamberts, Vachel Metcalf and John and Samuel Tucker were added to the settlement. The Lamberts located on section 27, and Biird on section 2, on the Peoria and Knoxville road. Mr. Lambert did not live long after his settle- ment here, and his sons, Isaac and Martin, carried on the farm. Of these early settlers, the heads of families are all either dead or have moved away, ex- cept the Kightlingers. Jacob Kightlinger and his ■ - ■* aged partner, the former 86 and the latter 80 years of age, are still living, but left their old home and located in Yates City. The first couple married here were Moses Smith and Miss Tabitha George, in 1840. They were mar- ried by 'Squire Kightlinger. Mrs. Smith died at an early day, and her husband moved away. Mr. Kight- linger's children are all living but four, and all in the county but one, and this one is living in Peoria. The first death was that of John King, who died in 1837, the year following his settlement. Mrs. Tabitha Smith, who was the first bride in the town- ship, permanently established her reputation for en- terprise by giving birth to the first child, which was very appropriately named after its progressive mother. Jacob Kightlinger was the first man appointed to settled the legal disputes of his neighbors and to pre- serve the peace. The first post-office was opened at Kightlinger's house, where he officiated as Post- master. Felix Thurman put up the first saw-mill, which was located on French Creek. It was a small mill and run by water-power., Vachel Metcalf taught the first school in the town- ship, in 1840, in a private house. The Kighdingers had a teacher come to their house to instruct their children before this. Her name was Antoinette Walker. The first school- house was built by Jacob Kightlinger in 1842, on section 27. Rev. S. S. Miles, of the Methodist Church, preached the first sermon at Mr. Lambert's, in 1839. Preachers would come along and services would be held here and at other houses on any day. After the school-house was erected, services were held there. In 1874 the Methodists put up a house of worship, and the year following the Presbyterians erected one for their use. The Methodist Church was dedicated in June of the same year, by President Evans, of Hedding College. These edifices were fine-looking frame buildings, and were quite an ornament to this part of the township, known as Elba Centre. The Methodist Episcopal Church has regular services at present. Rev. William Soape, pastor, with a fair con- gregation. No regular services are held at the Pres- byterian Church. In this township resided for some time Rev. John Cross, who was a conspicuous figure in the Under- ground Railroad system of bygone years. This O €4U ^^ KONX COUNTY. 1069 township was also quite noted for its temperance movement. A lodge of Good Templars was or- ganized here in 1867. It flourished for several years and a hall was built for its meetings. Finally in- terest in this movement died out, members dropped off, and in 1876 the building was sold and converted into a dwelling. During the earlier days the people did their trad- ing mostly at Farmington, Fulton County ; now Yates City gets most of the trade from this township. Elba is watered by French Creek and Swab Run, which empty into Spoon River; the latter stream also touches sections 6 and 7. Along these water-courses there is considerable timber, and the country is quite broken. About three-fourths of the townsiiip, how- ever, is fine rolling prairie, with a rich, black, loamy soil. Fifty-two bushels of wheat to the acre have been raised here, and 75 busliels of oats. For the production of the cereals, Elba is one of |. the best townships in the county. Of later years more attention has been given to the raising of stock, which has been successful and profitable. In raising i of hogs it ranks now the fifth. Most of the farms are [ attractive in their location, are well cultivated, and have good improvements. The roads through the I. township are well worked and kept in good order. Population in 1880 was 902. There has been but little increase since. The School Superintendent's report for 1885 fur- nishes the following items : There are eight school districts, all of which are ungraded. The school property was valued at $4,700; all the school-houses were frame. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 365, of whom 228 were of scholastic age ; 184 being enrolled. Tlie highest wages paid male teach- ers were $50 per month, and the lowest $35; the highest wages paid female teachers were $30, and the lowest $25. The township has been represented in the super- visorship by the citizens whose names appear below: SUPERVISORS. H^ ;.imes H. Nicholson iSss-M J. W. H.nes 1855-57 L.D. Shinn 1858 D. \. Jon«5 1859 N.S.Barber 1860-61 H. H. Wood 1862-6J Walter Bailey 1864 J. H. Nicholson 1865 James A . Adams 1866 I,a 1867 H H Wood 1868 1,. A. Lawrence 1869 H. H. Wood 1870 W (;. West 1871-72 James H. Nicholson 1873-74 W.G. West 1875-78 K. G.Mathews '879-85 GALESBURG TOWNSHIP. ALESBURG TOWNSHIP was organized April s, 1853. At a meeting of the legal voters held on that day the following town- ship officers were elected : W. S. Gale, Super- visor ; Floyd Buckingham, Clerk ; I. G. West, Assessor; G. W. Haskell, Collector; G. C. Lan- phere and A. C. Wiley, Justices of the Peace; J. T. Barnett, C. S. Colton and P. Sisson, Highway Com- missioners ; L. J. Stanley, Overseer of tlie Poor. Galesburg is in the middle of the western tier of towns'.iips, II north, of range i east, and is bounded on the north by Henderson, on the east by Knox, on the south by Cedar Township and on the west by Warren County. In its topography it is unexcelled by any township in the county. For the richness and productiveness of its soil it has no superior. The land is mostly rolling prairie, relieved occasionally by groves of timber, watered by a branch of Hen- derson Creek and a few other little streams of minor consequence. A great portion of this township was purchased by the Galesburg Colony, through their agents, who weresentout in 1835. Up to 1832 the territory now embraced by this township had not been molested by the genii of civilization, while set- tlements had been made in Henderson and Knox Townships. It was not long, however, destined to remain in this state ot peace and comfort, for soon Joseph Rowe appeared upon the scene and made a claim upon the extreme western end of the Knox- ville grove. Here he commenced the improvement of a farm. This was subsequently owned by Isaac Hague. Joseph was joined the following spring by Isaiah Smelser, who made a location which was afterward owned by George Ratelin. During that year Gaddial Scott came in, locating where a certain point of Cedar Fork Grove enters into the township on section 3. In later years it was known as the " Barnett farm." He was soon afterward joined by Jack Nelson and Harvey A. Gregg, who pushed out from the belt of farms that surrounded the eastern and southern portions of Henderson Grove, and located on section 6. Allen Hodge joined them, locating on the same section. Later that year Ed- ward Morse ventured out and made a location on the northeast quarter of section ^. T'l's was thought -(I* ± T -^ 1070 KJVOX COUNTY. then to be goin^ out a good ways, and that he might not be lost sight of entirely by his neighbors he erected a high log cabin, which was very appropri- ately called by his friends, "Lighthouse of the Prai- rie." It has been known since as the " Luther Gay " place. The logs were covered over with a more mod- ern dress of clapboards. About this period, or in 1834, strangers would be occasionally passing through, looking for a desirable location, and would be told by the settlers that the county was pretty well settled up and all the best lands taken, and there was nothing remaining but prairie land, which was so far from timber as to be useless except for grazing purposes or as a range for stock. The col- ony setders, who had located temporarily in Hender- son Township — Log City— in 1836-37, moved into this township and began their labors. They, with the other families that had come in, made quite a settlement. Again a prosperous outlook seemed es- tablishing for the future, and ere long proved itself As the histor)- of the city of Galesburg will largely include the history of this township, the reader is li referred to that part of this work. The farms in , this township are well laid out and highly cultivated. I The farm dwellings and farm buildings are first-class. j Special attention has been given to the public roads, y the result of which is that this township has the best roads in the county. By virtue of the concentra- tion of the railroad lines in the city of Galesburg, this township has more miles of railroad track than any other township. Its population, in 1880, ac- cording to the census reports, was 12,085, *nd since then it has been considerably increased. Below are given some items taken from the report of the County Superintendent for 1885. This report does not in- clude the city of Galesburg : The township has five school districts ; all the schools are ungraded, with frame buildings. The school property is valued at $4,700. There are two libraries, containing 40 volumes. Of persons under 21 years there were 251, of whom 183 were of school age, 149 being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $5° P^f month, the lowest $40; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest $30. The tax levy was $218,- 479- The following-named citizens have represented the township since its organization, as Supervisors: SUPERVISORS. W. S . Gale 1853-58 W. S. Gale 1859 John L. Clay Asst.1859 S WGale i860 Caleb Finch .Asst. i860 W.S. Gale 1861 John G . West .^sst t86i W. S Gale 1861-63 Caleb Finch Asst. 1861-63 Caleb Finch 1864 John C.Stewart ....\sst. 1864 W. S.Gale 1865 H. R. Sanderson. . .Asst. 1865 W.S. Gale L . E . Conger Asst - A.C. Clay (Division of Townsh C. M. Fezt. , A. C. Clay CM. Felt G. W Gale D. L Patch John T. Barnett A.C. Clav JohnG. West John Wilson 1S66 1866 1867-69 ip) 1870 1871-74 1875-77 i878-«o TOWNSHIP OF THE CITY OF GALESBURG. HIS township was organized under a special act of the Legislature, passed in 1867. Its territory lies within the corporate limits of the city of Galesburg. One of the objects, if not THE object, of the movers in the organiza- tion of this township was the securing of addi- tional votes in the famous county-seat contest between Galesburg and Knoxville. The election for town- ship oflSceis was held April i, 1867. After the counting of the ballots, it was found that W. S. Gale, Henr)' R. Sanderson, L. E. Conger, R. H. Whiting and Thomas McKee were elected Super- visors. Since then the following men have been chosen to represent the city on the Board of Super- visors : H. R. Sanderson. W S. C.ale G. C Lanphere. R. H. Whiting. L.E. Conger. H R Sanderson . (i C Lanphere. 1.. K. Conger. K H Whiting. M B elden. 1870. R H Sander~;on. 1,. E. Conger. (; V Dieterich. w S Gale. E P. Williams. 187I. Benj. S- Stanley. Alfred Knowles. G V Dieterich. 1. M Morse. W .S Gale. 1872. Alfred Knowles. T. M Morse. W .S Gale. B s. Stanley. G V. Dieterich. 1873-75- H R Sanderson- W .s Gale. G V Dieterich. 1. M Morse. B b. Sunley . 1876. H. R. Sanderson - A.M. Brown. W.S. Gale. J.S. Chalmers. Geo. V. Dieterich. 1877. Nels Nelson. G. V. Dieterich. W. S. Gale. T. J.Hale. C. R. Haney. 1878-79. G. V. Dieter T. J.Hale. W. S.Gale. 1880. Thos. McKee. G. V. Dieterich. D. M. Morse. T. J. Hale. W. S. Gale. Thos. McKee. W. S.Gale. T. J. Hale. G. V. Dieterich. Jacobs. Chambers. G. v. Dieterich. Thos McKee. T.J. Hale. Geo- W Foote. Wm . A . Boydston 4- *t -A-^ KNOX COUNTY. 1071 1SS3. Wm A Boydston. David Greenlcaf. W.S. Gale. T.J. Hale. OlofHawkioson. 1884-85. Ihos McKee. W. S. Gale, Geo. W Fooce. \V r> Cooke. If HAW CEEEK TOWNSHIP ^^^^ lif(N ekction was held tor the organization of this township April 5, 1853, which resulted ■ ^jf " in the choice of the foUowing-naraed citi- zens for township oflScers ; Wm. M. Clark, Supervisor; Woodford Pearce, Clerk; Isaac I Lotts, Assessor; Joseph Harshberger, Col- lector; John S. Linn and Enoch Godfrey, Justices of the Peace ; Benson Simpkins, A. L. Rainbro and Milton Lotts, Highway Commissioners; Geo. Wolf, Overseer of the Poor ; Geo. Pickeral and Wm. Lewis, Constables. Haw Creek is a very evenly proportioned town- ! ship as regards timber and prairie lands. It is wa- ^ tered by Sixwn River, which meanders through the eastern portion, entering in the northeast comer and passing out on section 35, and several small water-courses. Its railway facilities are good, having the Peoria Branch of the C. B. & Q. R. R., which runs about northwest and southeast across the western portion, entering from the north, on the southwest comer of section 6, and goes out on the southeast corner of sec- tion 33. Parnach Owen, his widowed mother and two sisters, from Ohio, were the first settlers in this town- ship, who arrived in September, 1829. locating on section 18. By a person settling down now in the midst of advanced civilization, with all the modern conveniences of travel, this journey can hardly be appreciated. But this widow, to start out on this long journey with her little family, with all the in- conveniences and hardships attending the traveler into a strange and unsettled country, must have pos essed the courage of a commander. The only other settlement then in this county was at Hender- son. After Knoxville was laid out, and a settlement was made, this family moved there. Pamach Owen took a prominent part in the early affairs of the county. He was an extensive land dealer and I*** speculator, and at one time owned large tracts of land in the county. He moved to Iowa, where he died. His mother died at Knoxville. One of his sisters married Dr. Rice, of Lewistown, and the other John G. Sanbum. About the. next settler to locate in Haw Creek was James Nevitt, in the early part of 1832. Among the early settlers were Wood- ard Pearce, David Teal, David Housh, Joshua Burnett, Jacob Harshberger, Linneus Richmond and W. W. Dickerson. Pearce settled on section 12 and is now residing in Gilson. Teal located on section 8. He aftenvard moved to Jasper County, Mo., where he died. Joseph Godfrey, from Ohio, with family, came in 1834 and located .a claim. He and his wife died soir.e years ago. Housh entered a claim on section 19; at one time he was in business in Maquon. He died in this township. Burnett also entered a claim on section 19, where he lived and died. Harshberger settled on section 15, where he lived and died. The first child bom in the township was a son to the wife of James Nevitt, who was named Charles, in 1832. Eleanor Jarnagin died durinj; the winter of 1834, which was the first death. That distinguished divine, Peter Cartwright, gave the pioneer settlement its first sermon, in 1831. A school-house was built on section 8, in 1836, and the first school taught here the same year by Susan Dempsey. They were not very early in erecting a house of worship in Haw Creek, the first one being put up by the Methodists in 1864, on section 17. Haw Creek is a fine township; the lands are rich and generally well cultivated, and the majority of the farm buildings are good. It is a large stock-raising township, being the first in the raising of sheep and third in cattle and horses. Most of the trading and marketing is done in Maquon and Gilson. In 1880 the population, according to the United States cen- sus, was 1,049, and it is about the same at the present time. According to the County Superintendent's report for 18S5, Haw Creek has eight school districts, with one graded and seven ungraded schools, and the school property was valued at §6,540, all the school- houses being frame. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 451, of whom 319 were of school age, 275 being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $50 per month, the lowest $25 ; the «^f» 1072 KNOX COUNTY. highest wages paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest $25, Tax levy was $2,480. From the Assessor's report for 1885 the following items are obtained: Number of acres of improved land, 22,737; value of improved lands, $321,643; value of lots, $10,699 ; number of horses, 950 ; num- ber of cattle, 2,579; number of mules and asses, 94 ; number of sheep, 1,057; number of hogs, 2,392; number of steam engines, 10; number of carriages and wagons, 210; number of clocks and watches, 10 ; number of pianos, 5 ; melodeons and organs, 36 ; total value of personal property, $79,593. SUPERVISORS. Wm. M. Clark. E. Godfrey Wm. Swieart... H. P. Libolt... MiUon Lott P. Lacy Tames Pickeral. Wm. P. Keller. 853-54 W 855-58 861-62 863 S64-65 . Swieart 1867 r Lacy i86S figan Pet< Wra Chas. W."McKcv Peter Lacy 1871 Wm. Swigart 1872-77 D.W. .Aldrich 1878-79 J ames Rebstalk 1880-85 Gilson. 'his little hamlet is located on the north- west corner of section 7, Haw Creek Town- ship, and was laid out by Linneus Rich- mond, July 10, 1857. It is on the Peoria Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R. and the sta- tion was built very soon after the road was ' completed. Around this town the first settlement of the township was made. There are some fair business houses here, which are supported by the local trade of the township, and also by some parts of Orange and Persifer Townships. The population of the place is about 250. HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. ^ENDERSON TOWNSHIP was organized April 5, 1853. The meeting was called to 'f^- order by William McMurtry; S. G. Dean was appointed Moderator, and W. R. Jackson, Clerk; 155 votes were cast at this election, resulting in the choice of Peter Frans for Super- visor; Martin W. Gay, Clerk; James McMurtry, Assessor ; G. G. Dean, Collector ; Thomas McKee and Abraham Jackson, Justices of the Peace. Henderson for Knox County is a historical and an interesting point, for it was here that the first settle- ment was made. In February, 1828, Daniel Rob- ertson found his way into the township, and settled on the northwest quarter of section 15, and com- menced his improvements. This was the first set- tlement made in the county. This land was subse- quently claimed by a speculator, and Mr. Robertson, rather than to have any trouble, gave it up and located on the southwest corner of section 11. His brother Alex, and brother-in-law, Richard Mathews, came in soon after and made a claim on section 2. During the spring and summer of this year, Jacob Gum, John B. Gum, James Gum, Zephaniah Gum (sons of Jacob), Riggs Pennington, Stephen Osborn, Robert and Eaton Nance, B. Coy, A. Frakes, R. Greenwell, Thomas Sheldon and N. Voiles, with their families, and Jesse Gum, Alex, and Andrew Osborn, James Reynolds and M. D. Coy, unmarried men, all located along the eastern and southwestern skirts of Henderson Grove. Early in the fall Thomas McKee and Alex. Frakes joined the settlement, locating on the southwest quarter of section 9. Of these " twen- ty-eighters," only two are now living — Daniel Rob- ertson and Maj. Thomas McKee, the former at his old homestead, and the latter in Galesburg. Daniel Robertson married in the winter of 1830. Alex. Robertson died in 1853. His widow afterward mar- ried again, but is now dead. John B. Gum located on section 32, Zephaniah on section 14 and James on section 34. James in a later day moved to Oregon, and Zephaniah to Missouri. John moved to Knox Township and afterward to Oregon. Riggs Penning- ton moved to Texas in 1836. The Nances located on section 9. Robert Nance moved to Menard County in 1831, where he died, and Eaton Nance moved to Missouri and died there. Stephen Osborn located on section 23; he raised a large family of children and died at Henderson vil- lage. His widow survived him for many years. He was the first Sheriff of Knox County. Alex. Frakes, who came with his wife and five children, moved to Oregon in 1853, with a part of his family. He died there a few years ago. He was from Indiana, but a native of Kentucky. In 1829 William and James McMurtry and Philip Hash, with their families, formed a further addition to the pioneer settlement, locating on section 3 Will- iam became quite an active and prominent politician; was Lieutenant-Governor from r848 to 1852. He died at the old homestead. His wife had preceded him to the other world. His son, James C, is living t --* 41 KNOX COUNTY. 1073 f4- on the old place. His brother James still occupies the farm on which he first settled. Robert Green- well located on the northwest quarter of section 15. After a few years he moved to Grand River, Mo., where he died. Thomas Shelden in the spring of 1829 moved to Rock Island, and went to work for Col. George Davenport. He died that year. Maj. Thomas McKee was in the first and second Black Hawk Wars. He went to Schuyler County and lived for awhile. In 1830 he married Maria Rice at Henderson Grove. In 1830 Thomas Fer- guson, the Roundirees, Goffs, William Lewis and Solomon Davis with their families came in, locating along the south sidej of the grove, and following them were the Brown brothers, filling up the gap with farms around to the old "Galena Trail." During the last-named year that worthy old citi- zen, Harmon G. Brown, from Kentucky, came in, locating about a mile south of Henderson village. He wintered there and the next year married Nancy Hogan, and also changed his location to the south- west quarter of section 30, where he and his good wife are still living, surrounded by children, grand- children and loving friends. One of his boys — Henry Clay — was killed during the siege of Vicks- burg. Solomon Davis died May 2, 1862, but his widow, Lucinda, is still living at the old homestead, section 32, with her children, although in feeble health and in her 82d year. They had a family of nine chil- dren, six of whom are still living. Solomon Davis was in the Black Hawk War, in active service, and held the rank of Lieutenant. He left his wife and three children with Maj. McKee 's family, who were then in Sangamon County. Peter Bell, Thomas Maxwell, Squire Reed and James Reynolds also moved in in 1830. Peter Bell located on section 32, now the Frans place, and James Reynolds also on section 32. The Indians were about here during the early settlement. They lived in their wigwams, helped the settlers in sugar-making and other work, and were friendly until the war broke out. Harmon Brown went back to Kentucky, and when he returned, which was in the fall of 1 831, he brought his sister, Mrs. Sally Frans, with him. She rode a horse all the way, carrying her two small children. Her husband, Peter Frans, followed some months later. He died in 1863. He was a strong sympa- thizer with the Rebellion, so much so that his life at one time was in some danger. His Union neigh- bors got a flag and forced him to put it on his house, and compelled him to keep it there. Sometimes they would find it down on the ground and ihen they would go and put it up, or compel him to raise it. Mr. and Mrs. Frans raised a large family of children, seven of whom are living. Mrs. Frans is also living on the old farm on section 33. There were quite a number of families who came in 1831-32, and among these were Olmstead and William Ferris. Mrs. Zephaniah Gum received the hearty con- gratulations of her neighbors for presenting the first native citizen to the settlement in June, 1829. He grew up to useful manhood and died at about 21 years of age. Alex. Osborn and Ann Hendiicks were the first two loving hearts to unite their fortunes for life, which was in the warm summer month of July, 1829. Alexander was obliged to go all the way to Rushville to procure the necessary papers to con- summate this event. His good example was soon fol- lowed by Fielden Hash and Elizabeth Razor, who were united by Philip Hash. The first death was that of Philip Nance, who died Jan. 7, 1829. His remains were interred on J the southeast quarter of section 9. Maj. McKee placed a marble slab at his grave. Since then there has been an iron fence put around it. The first school was taught by Franklin B. Barber in a log shanty near the grove, in 1830. There was another opened in 1833 on section 31, taught by Harmon G. Brown. It is now the 4th School Dis- trict. Mr. Barber died in Te.xas. Rev. Jacob Gum preached the first sermon in 1829. In the summer religious meetings were held in the woods, after the manner of the AfKDStles, and in the winter in the log cabins. Mr. Gum was a Baptist. The Baptists were the first to organize here, the Universalists next, then the Christians ; now the Methodists and the United Brethren are in the as- cendancy. The first "corn-cracker" was put up in 1830, on Henderson Creek. This was quite an event to the pioneers, but when, in 1833, the Ferris brothers — William and Olmstead — put up a steam mill, the set- tlers felt that they had no more to ask for. This — Xn --> I074 — ,t^=r KNOX COUNTY. mill was located on the northeast corner of section 30, on Henderson Creek; at one time in an early day there were six mills within six miles of each other. There is nothing now to indicate that there was ever a mill here. For the first few years the people went to Rush- ville for their mail. In 1833 a post-office was es- tablished in the township, and John G. Sanburn held the commission from the Government as Postmaster. This post-office was located on section 32, where Mi. Sanburn had a store, which he opened in 1832. Near here, on section 33, White & McCarver established a store in 1833. The first court held in the county was in John B. Gum's house, on section 32, southeast quarter. He had a double log cabin, and the county rented a part of it. It was near Sanburn's store. Court was held here about two years. The building is now owned by the Davis family. Mary Ann and James Davis were young children in 1833, the former about three, and ' the latter one and a half years of age. They went out to play in the woods one warm spring morning, and not returning by noon their parents went out to '^ look for them. Not readily finding them, they became alarmed and a general search was instituted. It be- came dark and they were not found. The whole '■ neighborhood then turned out, and the hunt was continued until the next day without success. Along in the forenoon Harmon G. Brown discovered them near the edge of the prairie in a straw-stack. They were much frightened when Mr. Brown came to them, and tried to run away. They seemed to have become a little wild. It was supposed that they had gone down to the stream called South Henderson and followed it down. The girl had some sorrel in her apron, which they had been eating. When brought home they refused to eat at first. James is dead, and Mary Ann is living on the old place. One warm spring day in 1832, Mr. Brown thought he would go liunting, a sport he was not only very fond of, but in which he was very successful. Be- coming tired, he sat down on a log near the creek for a rest. While thus resting in his solitary seclusion, a large blue crane flew over and alighted on a tree near by, where it had a large nest near the top. Not particularly desiring tlie companionship of the crane, and wishing to test his skill, he drew his old and trusty rifle on the bird and fired. The crane sprang several feet up in the air, and coming down caught in the forked limb of the tree, where it remained. While gazing at the dead crane he heard a noise, and looking in the direction from which it came, he beheld a raven peeking out from a large hole in the trunk of the same tree that held the crane. Having been so successful in bringing down the crane, Mr. Brown concluded to draw his bead on the raven. He fired, and the raven fell back into the hole. Looking up again, he saw anotlier raven in the hole. He re- loaded his rifle, and the raven still remained staring at him; he fired again, and the second raven disap- peared into the hole. This hole seemed to be pro- lific in ravens, for no sooner had the second one passed down than a third put in an appearance. He was treated to another charge of lead from Mr. Brown's unerring rifle, with the same result. This practice was kept up, Mr. Brown entering enthusias- tically into the sport, thinking that this was the land, or rather the tree of the raven, until seven had gone down the hole. He gazed long and wistfully for another to come out, but, none appearing, he shoul- dered his rifle with some disappointment and started for home. Arriving there, his brother and neighbors wanted to know what he had been firing at. He was loth to tell them, thinking they would not believe him, as ravens were not numerous and were among the wildest of birds and the most difficult to get a shot at. They replied that they were not disposed to doubt his veracity. When he told them, they asked for the birds. He replied that he would pro- duce them if they would cut down what he believed to be the largest tree in Henderson Grove. They accepted the challenge, and agreed to meet the next morning with axes ground and proceed to the raven slaughter, and have ocular proof of what they con- sidered the biggest raven story on record. At the appointed time they all met, and after a walk of some minutes they arrived at the tree. What was their great surprise when, on looking down at the foot of the tree, they saw the seven ravens lying there dead, instead of being down inside of the hole. The only solution to this raven mystery was that there were one or more live ones left and they had thrown the dead ones out. Anticipating an Indian outbreak, the settlers came together and erected a fort. They then fonned what was called a minute company of Rangers for home protection, and concluded that should there be an outbreak, they would send their families out of the *^ t-i- KNOX COUNTY. 107S county. But there was no trouble here. The fort was located on section ^3, now the home of Mrs. Chas. Evans. The settlers lived happily, and some of those still living do not think there was so much hardship and suffering as is sometimes reported. They had then to go to Rushville, a distance of 75 miles, for their mail, which was a great inconvenience, and they felt some uneasiness on account of the In- dians. But they had plenty of home-made clothes to keep them warm, plenty of wild game, pork and beans, and corn-bread and honey to eat, and after the first year of the settlement they had plenty of wheat-bread ; this, added to what they believed to be a prosperous future before them, gave reasonable grounds for contentment. Harmon Brown tells of a hunting expedition which he, in connection with Peter Frans and Benjamin Bruington (known by old settlers as "Governor" Bruingtoii), had in the fall of 1833. They started out for a several days' hunt, going in a northeasterly direction. Late in the day they came to a grove, since known as Walnut Grove, some 15 miles from home, where they halted. Mr. Brown put out his . bee-bait, the "Governor" went in search of a camp- ing ground, and Peter Frans started out for a deer. Soon a bee came to the bait, and Mr. Brown had no trouble in following it back to its hive, which was in a large dead burr-oak tree. The report of Frans* rifle was heard echoing through the woods, and soon he came in with a large buck across his horse. They made their camp near the bee-tree. It was then growing dark, and they built a large fire to give them light while cutting down the tree. It was a large tree, and they had but one ax, which they used by turns. It was a late supper they had that night, but a good one, and was enjoyed by the hunters. It consisted of fried venison, bread and butter, honey and hot coffee. After their repast they went to work to get out their honey. The hole was full for some 12 feet, and they estimated that there was at least a barrel of honey, which was as pure and white as any honey they ever saw. They made a bag of tiie deer- skin and had it about full, when, to their horror, they discovered that the prairie south of the grove, where Galesburg now stands, was on fire, and the wind was blowing toward their cabins. They hastily broke camp, took their honey and venison, and mounting their horses started for their homes. It was very dark, and they experienced some difficulty in cross- ing the prairie sloughs, but they arrived home in about two hours. The fence on Mr. E. Morse's place was on fire. They threw it down and put out the fire. From there they went to James Reynolds' place and threw down the fence for a mile, putting out the fire. Alfred Brown's fence was also on fire, which they treated the same way. They then went about three miles into Floyd Township, Warren Coun- ty, where they found Edmond and Henry Adcock's fences on fire. Here they threw down a mile of burn- ing fence and saved it from the flames. While fight- ing the fire here the sun arose. They breakfasted at the Adcocks' and then returned to their homes, com- pletely tired out. The fire caused them so much work in repairing fences that they never finished their hunt. June 2, 1836, the first installment of the Gales- burg Colony, 25 in number, arrived. They were soon followed by a second company. Others came singly and in groups. They all located south of the grove and built up what afterward became somewhat dis- tinguished as Log City, on section 33. When the cold weather set in, there was in this " city' ' a popula- tion of 170 souls, living in cabins. As this settle- ment here was only temporary, and does not strictly belong to the history of Henderson Township, a fur- ther account of it will be given elsewhere. In the spring of 1837 came the balance of the col- ony, among whom were S. W. Allen, wife and one child, who permanently settled in the township, at Log City, where he lived three years, when he moved into Galesburg and is now residing there. He was the first butcher in the county, opening his market at Log Cit) . He supplied this settlement, Henderson, Knoxville and Galesburg. Mr. Allen raised a large family of children, one of whom, S. O., was the first male child born in Log City, and who is now living in Henderson Township, and is a thrifty farmer and one of the prominent citizens of the township. (See biography.) An effort was made by the citizens of this town- ship to secure the railroad line through here. Had they been successful, probably the principal city of the county would have been built somewhere within its borders. As it is, without a railroad, it has a fair growth. It contains a beautiful body of timber, known as Henderson's Grove. It is well watered by Henderson Creek and its tributaries, and much of ^ '-K^ 1076 ■ .V. KNOX COUNTY. 4-> the soil is rich. The western and northwestern por- tions are somewhat broken, but in the eastern parts Jhere are some fine roUing prairies. There are many fine farms in the township and good, substantial dwellings. Most of the farmers are thrifty and in good circumstances. Some remain who can look to the days when this country was a wilderness — to the time when the foundations for homes were laid, and to the struggles and privations which were necessary to complete those homes. They can contem- plate now the realization of the hopes and the aspira- tions of their youth, and the progress and develop- ment that have been made duringthe first half century. The population of the township in 1880 was 1,454. which is about the figures now. Henderson village is situated in the township, but it is not a very thrifty town. SUPERVISORS. Peter Frans. James McMurtry... Peter Frans C. H.Nelson Thos. McKee Thos. J. Mansfield. John P. Parson ... Ctias. H. Jackson.. V A. J. Dunlap... . 853 854-55 856-57 Chas H. Jackson 1868 H. M. Sisson 1869 John Junk 1870-74 David Henderson 1875 H. M Sisson 1876-78 M. I,. Overstreet 1879 Samuel Rankin 1880 A.L.Smith 1881-82 Samuel Rankin 1R83 A.L. Smith 1884 H. M. Sisson 1885 Henderson Village. fffifENDERSON was laid out June ii, 1835, by f-i.^yi5 Parnach Owen, for Calvin Glass, and is (|}K*'°^ located on section 14, Henderson Township. A At a very early day there were great expecta- T tioiis concerning Henderson. But the growth 1 of a town is not always within the control of individuals interested in it. It was so in this instance. At one time Henderson had five stores, two shoe- shops and three or four blacksmith-shops. The first store opened was by Gardner & ("hapin. A grist- mill was put np here by one of the Osborns, in 1829. The burrs were brought here by Jacob Gum. The mill was run by hand at first. A saw-mill was started here in 1830. An enterprising man, who believed that a " little wine was good for the stomach's sake," put up a distillery here. It was burned and rebuilt, burned again, but not rebuilt again. Evidently there were some people here who did not believe in the above quotation. Henderson was incorporated in 1838. An election was held March 7, to vote on incorporation, which resulted in 28 votes being cast for the measure and none against it. The village records have been destroyed and the village officials elected cannot be given Tlie village organization, as well as the vil- lage, is still kept up — for what reason, it is difficult to determine. Henderson Township has to help pay the village expenses. There is some good farming land that might be used to good purpose lying idle and unproductive here. Within the corporate lim- its it is estimated that there are now about 150 per- sons. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The Methodist Episcopal Church at this place was organized in 1837, and consisted of about a dozen members, among them Samuel Mathena, Sarah Mathena, Anson Rowe, Lorana Rowe, Ruth Burner, Susan Burner, Rebecca Pippin, Plina Morse and Cath- erine Norris. The following constitute the list of pastors who have officiated here, so far as their names could be secured, and the term of service of each one: Rev. Mr. Waters, 1841 ; N. S. Plummer, 1842-43; Samuel Burr, 1844; U. J. Giddings, 1845; R. N. Morse, 1846; H. Hadley, 1847-78; no record of the two years following; Wooliscroft, 1852-53; Watson Bell and VV. N. McKaig, 1854; J. B. Quim- by, 1855; L. P. Crouch, 1856-67; J.D.Taylor, 1858-59; F. R. Boggess, i860; H. Bresson, 1861; A. K. Tullis, 1862-64 ; T. Watson, 1865 ; J. B. Smith, 1866; Wm. Haney, 1867 ; J. Luccock, 186S-69; D. Pershin, 1870; J. M. Murphy, 1871-72 ; N. T. Allen, 1873; H. Brink, 1874-75; D. Ayers, 1876; A. Kel- lar, 1877 ;N. G. Clark, 1878-80; H. S. Humes, 1881-83; J.Rugh, 1884-85, and N.T. Allen, present pastor. The first meetings were held at private houses or in the school-house. In the year 1849 or 1850, a church building was completed, which was the joint pror.erty of the Methodists and Baptists. The United Brethren now worship in this building. The beautiful edifice in which the Methodists now worship was built and dedicated in 1874. The present membership is 40. David Henderson, Miss Annie Rowe and Miss Ettie Riley constitute the Board of Stewards. The Sunday-school numbers about 50. X KNOX COUNTY. 1077 INDIAN POINT TOWNSHIP. "■"^:2nDIAN point township was first settled in 1834 by John C. Latimer, from Tennessee, who with his family settled on section 6, putting up a log cabin and com- mencing the improvement of his land. About the same time John H. Lonia.v and wife came in, settling on section 7. Stephen Howard and fam- ily came in soon after and located on section 6. He subsequently moved to the southeast part of Kansas, where he died a few years ago. These were the only settlers in this township during 1S34. In 1835 there were several additions made to this primitive settlement, and among those coming in were John Howard, who made a claim on section 16; Isaac Latimer made a claim on the same section; John Crawford, a Cumberland Presbyterian preacher, set- tled on this section. Alexander Latimer was among the settlers who came in in 1S35, settling on section 16. He sold out in 1836 to Daniel Meeks and lo- cated in Cedar Township. Subsequently he moved to Minnesota, where he is still living. With Mr. Meeks came John Killiam, a brother-in-law, who settled on sections 15 and 22. Henry Russell and fam- ily came in this year and made a claim on the south- east quarter of section 24. Here he lived for over a quarter of a century, making one of the finest farms in the county, and then moved to Kansas. Others soon followed, and soon there was quite an influx into the township, which gave the new settlement a pros- perous appearance. Among the list was Many- weather Brown, who settled on section 7. He was a good citizen and was at one time one of the County Commissioners. J. P. Bartlett Boydston came and settled on section 17, where he reared a large family of children. One of his sons, W. A., is Roadmaster on the C, B. & Q. R. R. John Howard sold out to John Dowty and moved into Warren County. Daniel Meeks was an active man, taking a promi- nent part in township affairs. He was at one time County Commissioner and also Justice of the Peace, and died in 1874. John C. Latimer was an active and thrifty citizen, holding various positions in the township. After living half a century on his farm \\t sold it and moved to Iowa, where he had been preceded by his children. Ann Francis, daughter of John H. and Nancy Lomax, was the first child born in the township, wiiich was in 1835. Phoebe Latimer was the second child born, her birth occurring a short time after that of Ann Lomax. The first death in the townshii) was Mr. Herbert, who died on section 16 in the spring of 1838. He was buried at Indian Point Cemetery. Judge Dennis Clark was the pioneer teacher in this town- ship, commencing the improvement of the minds and hearts of the children of this neighborhood during the winter of 1837-38. This institution of learning was located at Indian Point, on section 16, and was a substantial structure of logs. Mr. Clark had 30 pupils during his first term, which closed July i, 1838, and taught here several years. His warm heart and genial nature attached him very much to the children, who applied themselves to their studies as much to please their teacher as for their own im- provement. The first sermon preached here was by Rev. John Crawford, a Cumberland Presbyterian preacher. The services were held at John Howard's residence. He died many years ago, but his widow is still living. The first marriage in Indian Point Township was that of Wm. Ogden and Damantha Roberts, Oct. 19, 1837. The ceremony was performed by John Terry, a Justice of the Peace of Chestnut Town- ship. Judge Dennis Clark and Jonathan Latimer broke the first ground in this township, on section 16. Mr. Clark drove the ox-team and Mr. Latimer held the plow. Stephen Howard put up the first cabin on sec- tion 6, and John C. Latimer the second. There were no Indians in this township when the first settlers came, but there were numerous evidences that they had lived herein former times. There were found the remains of bark wigwams, flint arrows, hatchets, etc. They were found at the point of timber, and it was named Indian Point on this account. In early days this i)oint seems to have been the favorite camping- ground of the Indian tribes. There are two towns within the borders of this township--Abingdon, which lies on the northern line, and St. Augustine, which is situated near the southern part, on section 32. When first settled there was but little timber here, and this was on section 36 and along the borders of Cedar Fork, on the western side, and on Indian Creek. After the question of township organization had been i 1078 XNOX COUNTY. -H- settled a meeting was held for organizing the town- ship April s, 1853, at the school-house in District No. 2. S. H. Richey was chosen Moderator and T. A. Baldwin, Clerk. The following-named persons were elected to the various offices : Daniel Meeks Supervisor; Dennis Clark, Clerk; S. H. Richey, Assessor; Jefferson Davvdy, Collector; Henry Ground and Charles Williams, Justices of the Peace. Indian Point is regarded as one of the best town- ships in the county. There is hardly an acre of land within its borders but what is or can be readily cultivated. The land is undulating and very fertile. The township is liberally watered by Cedar Fork and Indian Creek, with their little branches, which meander through it. Indian Creek empties into Cedar Fork and the latter into Spoon River. Of the early settlers not one now lives in the township ; they are either dead or have moved away. When the IQuincy Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R. was com- 1 pleted through, it added greatly to the development I of the township, and gave the people ready means of iL transportation. It has two railway stations, one at Abingdon and the other at St. Augustine. Indian Point is highly cultivated, and its farmers are all in good circumstances, having good dwelling-houses and farm buildings. In the raising of horses and hogs this township stands at the head of the town- ships in the county, and in cattle among the first. Its population in 1880 was 1,725, which is about the number of inhabitants at the present time. In- dian Point has eight school districts, one graded and seven ungraded schools. The school property values at $6,050, with one brick and seven frame school- houses. Of persons under 21 years there were 726, of whom 498 were of school age, 429 being en- rolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $72.50, the lowest, $35 ; the highest wages paid female teachers were $45, the lowest $32.50. The tax levy was $3,777.89. SUPERVISORS. H. B. Cashi Daniel Meek 1853-54 J. C. Latimer '855-56 J. W. Butler ,857 Daniel Meek 1858-60 J . C . Latimer 1861-62 Daniel Meek 1863-67 P.H.Smith 1868-69 T. L. Frazier 1870 P. H.Smith 1872-75 W. W. Campbell 1874-76 James W. Butler 1877-78 M. B. Harden 1879 J. J BoycUton i8?o M. B. Harden 1881-85 T. E. Givens is one of the breeders of the Norman horse, and is giving considerable attention to it. He has fine thoroughbreds, and about 20 grades. KNOX TOWNSHIP. NOX TOWNSHIP is located near the cen- ter of the county, in number 1 1 north, of range 2 east, and is bounded by the follow- J^ ing-named townships : Sparta on the north, Persifer on the east. Orange on the south and Galesburg on the west. This township was organized as a township April 5, 1853. At the meet- ing for the electior. of township officers, R. W. Up- son was chosen Chairman ; Hugh S. Woods, Moder- ator, and H. A. Keiglitly, Clerk; Isaac B. West was chosen for Supervisor; Thomas Muir, Clerk; Ster- ling C. Simpson, Assessor; Charles Rogers, Collect- or; W. M. Lowan and William Sanburn, Justices of the Peace ; A. Leighton, Aldred Runkle and Will- iam Sanburn, Commissioners of Highways ; William M. Lowan, Overseer of the Poor; Isaac Martin and Peter Bartnett, Constables. Parry Morris was the first settler in this township, ■ coming in in 1829, and locating on the northwest corner of section 33. His claim was purchased soon after by Capt. John Charles. He had several chil- 1 dren, among whom was George A., who was quite prominent in the affairs of the county. Capt. Charles died several years ago. John Montgomery came into the county soon after Capt. Charles, locat- ing on section 30. He was soon followed by David Higgins, who has the credit of making the first cheese in the county. Dr. Charles Hansford was one of the very first settlers, locating on the present site of Kno.xville. Wiien the county seat was located in Knoxville, a large number of people founded homes in and about Knoxville, finding it a desirable and beautiful spot. Timber is pretty generally distributed over the town- ship, and it is watered by small streams which ripple through it and finally empty into Spoon River. The southern portion is mostly rolling prairie, and there is also some good and prolific prairie land in the northwestern part. Most of the lands are rich, and this section contains many splendid farms. The Peoria Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R. runs through the township, entering on section 36, and, passing northwesterly, emerges at section 19. Much of the history of this township will be embraced in that of Knoxville. The people do their trading and marketing at Knoxville and Galesburg. KNOX COUNTY. 1079 In 1880 the population, according to the census reports, was 2,579. Since that time newcomers have largely increased the population of the township. Below are given the names of the citizens who have served this township as Supervisors: SUPERVISORS. Isa.icB.West 1853 H. G. Reynolds 1854 Ceo. A.Charles 1855-61 Cephas Armes 1862-66 Ceo. A. Charles 1867-73 P. H. Sanford, Assistant. .1868-71 C. C. Stearns, -Assistant. ..1872 D. M.Eiker '874-79 C. K. Harney, .Assistant . 1873-74 Thos. Woodmansee, Asst. 1875-77 Robl. Higgins, .Assistant. 1877-79 J. S. Simpson 1880 Thos. \Voodm.ins«, Asst. 1880 A. G. Charles 1881-82 H. Montgomery, ..\sst. . ..1881-82 A. C.Charles 1882-84 H. Montgomery, Asst- . . .18S2-84 J. S. Simpson 1885 Chas. Clesson, .Assistant. 1885 LYNN TOWNSHIP. [ MEETING was held for the organization K of Lynn Township, .April 5, 1853. William A. Reed was chosen Temporary Moderator, and J. S. Smith, Temporary Secretary. Upon ballot A Gross was elected Moderator, and J. S. Smith, Town Clerk, for one year. There were 39 votes cast, resulting in the election of Jona- than Hodgson for Supervisor; William A. Reed, Assessor; A. Gross, Collector; S. G. Albro, John Lafferty and H.Austin Grant, Commissioners of High- ways; Jonathan' Hodgson and Jonathan Gibbs, Justices of the Peace; Erastus Smith, Overseer of the Poor ; John Snyder, Constable. Michael Fraker was the first settler in this town- ship and the first in the northeastern part of the county, locating in the spring of 1830011 the southern edge of what has since been widely known as Fra- ker's Grove, on section 23. Here he erected his log cabin, and commenced the improvement of his home. It must have been a very substantial and well- built house, for it is standing and in use. The cabin was afterward owned by Alden Bennett, and was moved to the northeast corner of section 16. He was subsequently joined by Edward Sellon and Will- iam and Washington Dunbar, with their families. Mr. Fraker was an inventive genius, and splendidly adapted to pioneer life. His ready hand and intel- ligent mind were displayed, not long after his re- moval to this far Western home, in the construction of a hand-mill to grind corn. His burrs were made out of nigger-heads or hard-heads, as they are gener- ally called, which he had found after a diligent search about the country, and they were about two feet in diameter. This mill was placed in one part of the kitchen, and could be operated by two men quite easily. These would grind out from a half to one bushel of grain in an hour. This mill was a real blessing to the settlement, and Michael Fraker was many times gratefully thought of for the benefits this mill conferred ujwn the pioneers of that day. In the organization of the eounty in 1830, the two townships adjoining Lynn and Victoria in Stark County were included within the boundaries of Kno.x. The Legislature of 1836-37 passed an act "for the formation of the county of Coffee." This was to comprise nine townships, six of which were to be taken from Putnam, one from Henry and two from Kno.\. Those taken from this county were to be Lynn and Victoria. The formation of Coffee County was afterward defeated by the voters of Knox Coun- ty, and these townships were retained by Knox. The first couple to lead off in the matrimonial venture were William Hitchcock and Julia Fraker, who were married at Knoxville. Their commend- able example was soon followed by those believing in the truth, " It is not good for man to be alone." Among these were Peter Miner and Matilda Smith. They were content to be married in the settlement, and the services were performed by 'Squire Fitch. These were the first of the kind in the township, and were conducted at the 'Squire's humble cabin. Rather a comical incident— which was also con- sidered a good omen — occurred while this couple were being married. Directly as the happy pair was pronounced " man and wife," a large, fat turkey gob- bler, belonging to the '.Squire, attracted, no doubt, by the unusual proceedings, gaining a place on the roof, came with wild fluttering down the large chimney, landing at the bride's feet. The bridegroom seized it, and swinging it over the heads of the guests, claimed it as a gift sent from above to bless the oc- casion. William Dunbar opened a " public house," near the " Grove," not long after the settlement. It was largely patronized by people coming in from an easterly direction, looking up land and favorable lo- cations to build homes for themselves. In 1846 Mr. Barlow opened 'ip his tavern at Fraker's Grove, on the southeast side. It became popular as a hostelry and was called the " Travelers' Home." It was all its name indicated, an abiding place to " the stranger t* KNOX COUNTY. within the gates." The weary traveler found it a safe retreat. Mr. Barlow remained proprietor of this neat little inn till 1852. Lynn has some features peculiar to itself. There are no post-offices, villages or churches here. An attempt was made as early as 1850 to start a town, and a plat was made by Robert Rounds, which he called Centerville. It was located on section 33, on the line between Lynn and Victoria Townships. Centerville, liowever, did not seem to its people to possess centralizing force or ability to become a city, and its name was changed to Millroy, deriving this title from a mill that was established here. Though this mill ground slow, it did not grind to much pur- pose, at least so far as the building up of a city or town was concerned, and all efforts in this direction proved a failure. Lynn, however, has good school buildings and schools ; also a good town hall, which is located on section 15. Notwithstanding the town- ship has no churches within its borders, the people have a high moral and religious standing, ranking well with any township in the county, and for obe- dience to the law, as a people, they have not their ' equal. The people are noted also for their patriotism, so much so, that, when the last draft was ordered, during the Rebellion, there were only 90 men sub- ject to military duty, and 21 of these went into the service voluntarily. The nature of the land is high, rolling prairie; fer- tile, liberally supplied with limber, and well watered. It is a fine farming region, and muny of the farms have elegant dwellings and handsome and conven- ient out-buildings. Great attention has been given to the roads, the result of wliich is that they are equal to any in the county. The Peoria & Rock Island Railroad cuts across the northeast corner of the township, and the C, B. & Q. R. R. the northwest corner. The people do their trading and marketing mostly at Galva, Victoria and Altona; and to these places they go to attend religious service occasion- ally. The population in 1880, according to the cen- sus taken at that time, was 964. This is about the estimate at present. SUPERVISORS. ....853 Jonathan Hodgson Jonathan Gibbs... Freeman Gross tS'sg-Si Jonathan Gibbs 1862-64 J. L. Lafferty 1865 J. D. Gibbs i8b6-68 O. M. Gross 1869-71 James Soles 1872-73 A.S Hunter 1874-75 John A. Heals 1876 A. F. Hathaway 1877 Edward Sellon 1878 W. B. Todd 1S79-81 J. W. McCutchen 1882-83 W. B. Todd 1884 Howard P. Grant 1885 MAQUON TOWNSHIP. f'AQUON TOWNSHIP was organized April 5, 1853. James M. Foster was i^^^'>^ elected Supervisor ; Nathan Barbero, As- sessor ; J. L. Lowman, Collector. It is watered by Spoon River, which enters the township on section z, and courses south- westerly, going out on section ig. Other little streams run through the township, emptying into this river, which affords good facilities for drainage and water. The land is mostly rolling prairie, yet there are some fine bodies of timber. James Millan was the first actual settler, locating on section 25, in 1830, and improving a farm. Among those who joined him soon after were Mark and Thomas Thurman, William Darnell and William Palmer. The territory now embraced by this township was a beautiful country and attracted the Indians, who had at an early day one of their principal villages here, which was located on the banks of the Spoon . River. Soon after the Indians left their village, re- ^ treating before the advancement of civilization, a noted bee-hunter, by the name of Palmer, came to the village and tarried awhile; this was in 1828. He remained but a short time, when he proceeded farther Westward. Many interesting relics were found at the Indian village by the early settlers. The first couple married from this township were Elisha Thurman and Anna Bell, the ceremony being performed in Fulton County. The first death was that of an infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Mark Thurman. Born in the settlement, this delicate pio- neer infant was too frail a flower to bear the rude blasts of untoward circumstance, of privation and adversity, and drooped and faded. It became the first gift to heaven from this township and was hapjiy, while those left to mourn gave with dutiful hand and heart to " Him who carries the lambs in His bosom." 'Squire Mark Thurman was the first man in the township to hold the scales of justice. Benjamin Brooks taught the first school, in 1834, in a school- house on section 34. After the Indian troubles were over Maquon set- tled quite rapidly, and became one of the prosperous townships of the county. It has a very thriving lit- tle village located on the northern line, bearing its <-- ^ u •H> .v. KNOX COUNTY. ^5^^rH- own name, where the people mostly do their trading. The advantages of ready transportation were given the people by the compleiion of the Peoria Railroad in the early part of 1S57. Maquon is a good township, and within its terri- tory are some good farms and fine buildings. It is a good stock country, and in raising hogs it ranks third in the county. Population in 18S0 was 1,448. The County Superintendent's report fortheyear 1885 fur- nishes the following items regarding schools : " There were eight school districts, one graded and seven ungraded schools. The school property was valued at $12,000, with eight frame school-houses. Of persons under zr years of age there were 666, of whom 45S were of school age, 41 r being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $75, the lowest $33. The highest wages paid female teachers were $45, and the lowest S30. The tax levy was $4,500." SUPERVISORS. Jas. M. Foster 1853 John G. Hamrick 1854-56 W. J. Lane 1857 John G. Hamrick 1858 .A. M Maple 1859 > Nelson selby i860 I John G. Hamrick l86t-62 A. H. Potter 1863-&4 A. M. Maple 1865 John M. Combs i8«6 .1867 J. G. Hamrick .. A. L Humphre)- 1S68 R. H. Morsan 1860-70 Wm. G. Taylor 1871 L. W". Benson 1873-73 Alex. Donason 1874 W. N. England "875-76 John C. Morse 1877 L. W. Benson 1878-80 Joshua Boynton 1S81-86 Maquon Village > S situated in Maquon Township, in the ^.Ksg^^ northeast corner of section 4, and was laid fi)g^ ' out by Parnach Owen, John G. Sanburn, ^iJ^ Wra. McGowen and Robt. L. Hannaman in >p 1836. The survey was completed October 24, * same year. Benjamih Co.x erected the first building. It was a framiT one, and was used for a hotel, being opened as such by its builder. Subse- quently this hotel passed into the hands of Nathan Barbero, and was kept by him some 20 years. It was called the " Barracks," and was a much belter hotel than its name would signify. Matthew Mad- do.x erected the first store-house in 1839, with the intention of putting in a stock of goods, but he gave up the project, and it remained for John Whipple to offer for sale to this pioneer settlement the first goods. About the next buildings to go up in this town were two brick stores erected by Joseph Delay and Jacob Consor, in the autumn of 1839. In 1837 a post- office was established and placed in charge of Wm. McGowen, who also had the honor to represent the village as Justice of the Pe^ce. Miss Harriet Hamlin took charge of the education of the youth of this town in 1839, though it was not until 1S4S that a school-house was built. The town went on adding to its numbers until it was thought it was large enough to be incorporated. Accordingly a vote was called for on the 19th of March, 1857, to decide this question. It resulted in favor of incorporation. 41 voles being cast for and 14 against the measure. In March an election was held for Village Trustees, which resulted in the choice of S. A. Huber, Horace Jones, W. J. Lane, Samuel Longwell and Denipsey Capps. At a meeting of the Trustees at the office of W. J. Lane, March 28, Dempsey Capps was chosen President of the Board; L. B. Potter, Clerk; and Anson S. Potter, Police Magistrate. It was about this time that the Peoria Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R. was completed through the town, which gave quite an impetus, for a time, to its growth. It was about the last of April or the first of May that the first railroad train went through from Galesburg to Peoria. Maquon has some good stores and is a very good trading point. A very fine scliool-house was erected here in 1866, at a cost of about $9,000. It is a frame building, and contains three good-sized school-rooms. .A graded school has been established here, which has a good attendance and is ably conducted. Maquon, according to the census of 1880, had a population of 548, which figure will pretty fairly rep- resent its present population. Present Board of Trustees are: Chas. Brocker, .\braham M. Warfel, G. G. Shearer, L. G. Benson, C. T. Olmstead and Chas. Dennis. Abraham M. Warfel is President, and W. VV. Penmen, Clerk. CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal Church. After much per- sistent effort this society succeeded in establishing a permanent organization here, and in the fall of 1877 completed their church edifice at a cost, including grounds, of between $6,000 and $7,000. It was dedicated Sept. 11, 1877, by Bishop J. T. Peck, of Syracuse, N. Y. I ■i 4 ' 1082 XTV^CA- COUNTY. f ^ 4-<>- Maquon Lodge, No. 256, I. O. O F.,w3ls instituted April 29, 1858, and received its charter Oct. 15, 1858. First officers were: L. W. Fenniruth, N. G.; Allen Harasick, V. G.; Wm. Davis, Warden; J. M. Burkhaher, C. In August of that year they were burned out. The present officers are: B. M. Bland, N. G.; N. B. Runibo, V. G.; Wm. Swigart, 'I'reas.; Chas. A. Walker, Secy. They have a membership at present of 48, and meet in the Masonic Hall. They are well equipped and in a prosperous condi- tion. Maquon Lodge, No 530, A. F. 6^ A. M., was or- ganized Oct. I, 1867. They worked under dispen- sation nine months before receiving their charter. The first officers of this lodge were : Robt. Proseus, W. M.; Wm. Swigart, S. W; L. J. Dawdy, J. W. The present officers are L. J. Dawdy, W. M.; T. C. Olmstead, S. W. ; Henry Norris, J. W.; R. B. Seamen, Chaplain ; Wm. Swigart, Treas.; T. L. Mc- Girr, Secy. Present membership, 50 They have ' a good hall, which is well furnished and. equipped. This is one of the flourishing lodges of tlie county; they are out of debt, have funds in the treasury, and are in fine working order. Hancock Post, No. 552, G. A. R., was organized Jan. 29, 1886, with 23 members. The officers are L. J. Dawdy, C; Joshua Gay, S. V. C; H. M. Rich- ards, J. V. C, and Wm. Burkhalter, Q. M. This is a new Post, and promises to be a flourishing one. ONTARIO TOWNSHIP. IfNTARIO TOWNSHIP, at first, had the advantage in its topography over any other township in the county. Nature had done a good deal for it, and the early settlers, in making their improvements and laying out the roads, had the good sense to follow the sugges- tions of Nature. The result is that Ontario is one of the best improved and most attractively laid out townships in the State. Its public thoroughfares all run parallel, crossing each other at right angles, and following section lines, with one exception, which is in section 13. The early settlers were from the State of New York, and the township was named after Lake On- tario, which forms a part of the northern boundary of the Empire State. Alexander Williams was the first first settler and came in in i833,locatinga claimon the northwest quarter of section 30, where he commenced his improvements by breaking and fencing in a part of his claim. This claim was purchased in 1836 by Isaac Wetmore, of Rio Township. During that year another pioneer was added in the person of G. W. Melton, who located a home for himself on section 31, where the first cabin in the township was erected. These men were first-class farmers, industrious and thrifty, and soon had established comfortable homes for their families. These pioneers were soon joined by the Moshers, Hollisters, Cranes, Camps, Chapmans, Powells, Sav- ages, Hammonds, Haskinses, Wikoffs, Ma.xwells and many others. Of the first settlers, G. VV. Melton and Ezra Chapman are still living on the old homestead. (See their biographies.) Royal Hammond, Isaac Wet- more and Alex. Williamson are dead. The Camps and Savages moved away. The first child born in the township was Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Melton. This native young miss of Ontario afterward was married to Mr. Ralph Voris, of the same township. ' Ontario and Rio formed one voting precinct, and the first election was held in the latter town. Royal Hammond was the first Justice of the Peace elected. ' The first school-house was put up on the northwest quarter of section 32, in 1839, which was called the Camp School. At this institution of learning the Gospel was expounded by Rev. Messrs. Gale, Waters, Bartlett, Moore, Bruner and others. The Presbyteri- ans were ahead in the formation of a church organi- zation, which was in 1840, Rev. J. G. Wright officiat- ing. \ Congregational Church was organized near this first settlement in August, 1848. It was located on section 31, and was called the Ontario Church. A good church building was erected, which was dedi- cated Nov. 4, 1851, and subsequently a parsonage. This society is still kept up and is a strong one, though at present they have no pastor, but expect one soon. Membership, 58. A Baptist Church was organized, in April. 1854, ar.d a building was erected near the Congregational Church, on section 32, at a cost of about $3,000. Subsequently a parsonage was built, costing $1,500. This society has been general- ly prosperous since its organization. It has a good LArr Ck ^ +^ KNOX COUNTY. 1083 congregation, jvhich is presided over by Rev. J. V. Cody. In 1853 the members of the Ciiristian Church organized a congregation and erected a house of worship, on seciion 2, in 1866, at a cost of $2,000. Prior to this, they held their services in private houses and in school buildings. It became a thriving church, having a membership, at onetime, as high as 70. Ontario was organized into a township April 5, 1853. At the election J. M. Wetmore was chosen Moderator, and William J. Savage, Clerk. The fol- lowing-named citizens were elected to fill the town- ship offices: Edward Crane, Supervisor; W. J. Savage, Clerk ; John Burt, Assessor ; E. C. Brott, Collector; James Hammond, George W. Melton and John Powell, Highway Commissioners; Ezra Chai> man and S. E. Mosher, Justices of the Peace; E. C. Brott and J. VV. Crane, -Constables ; T. T. Wetmore, Overseer of the Poor. Ontario is fairly watered by Pope and Walnut Creeks and their little tributaries. Gently rolling prairies cover the township, relieved occasionally with beautiful groves. The soil is rich and very pro- ductive, and the assessed value of its lands is higher than that of any other township in the county, ana in connection with agriculture it is considered the banner township of the State. The people do most of theii trading and marketing at Oneida, located in the southeast corner, on section 36. This town is on the C, B. & Q. R. R., which was com|)leted through here in December, 1854, and which passes across the southeast corner. Ontario had a population, in 18S0, according to the United States census, of 1,657. Since that time, it is estimated, there has been a gain. The County Superintendent, in his report for the year 1885, furnishes the following school items : There are nine school districts, one graded and eight ungraded schools, with one brick and eight frame school-houses. There ate four libraries, with 400 volumes; value of school property, $22,900. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 719, of whom 525 were of school age, 431 being en- rolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $100 per month; the lowest, $35 ; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40 ; the lowest, $25. The tax levy was $3,625. " 'X SUPERVISORS. .irJ Cr -Iss limes Hammonil iSs^-j? Will. B. I.c Karon 1858 J.imcs Hammoml 1859 Will. B. U Baron 1860-64 AS. Curlis'S 1865 Orcn Beadle 1866-71 Oren Kcadlc 1873 Edward Crane 1874 .■\. S. Ciiitiss 1875-76 Geo. L. Stephenson 1877-80 J. W. Allen 1883-85 ORANGE TOWNSHIP. FrANGE township was organized by 1^ the election of township officers, April 5» 1853. Asa Haynes was chosen Supervisor; Anderson Barnett, Clerk ; A. Pierce, Assessor; John G. Rude, Collector; Samuel Mather and J. Wallace, Overseers of the Poor; John H. McGrew, Thomas Gilbert and Morris Chase, Com- missioners of Highways ; James Godfrey and Davis Stevens, Constables ; Peter Godfrey and Charles Cor- win. Justices of the Peace. Joseph Wallace and family were the first to come in and settle, in 1S30 making a claim on section 15, and erecting a little cabin for their shelter. His first wife died at the old farm place, and Mr. Wallace subsequently moved to Iowa. He has been dead many years. Mr. Cranmar settled there in 183 1. James Ferguson, with his wife and children, settled on seciion 11, in 1832. They had previously lived in Henderson Township, near Hendeison village, to which place they came in 1830 from Kentucky. They reared a large family of children, a part of whom were born here. The names of the children were Narcissa, Nancy, Francis, Sarah, Cynthia, An- drew, Thomas and Martha. Of these Narcissa and Cynthia are dead. Mr. Ferguson died in 1841. He was quite an active and prominent man in township affairs, and was generally known as Maj. Ferguson. His widow survived him some 20 years, departing this life at the old homestead, in August, i86i. They were buried in the cemetery on section 1 1. Sarah Ferguson was married to 1 homas Godfrey, who removed here from Ohio, March 6, 1848, 'Stiuire Barnett performing the ceremony. Her husband died in October, 1868. Subsequently she was mar- ried to Aaron Weir, and they are now living on sec- tion 15; Andrew Ferguson on section 10; Thomas is living on section 11. The Fergusons were good people and were well thought of. Samuel Mather ■4^ 1084 J!:nox county. and family moved in soon after the Fergusons, set- tling on section 14. John Denny, with John and Simon McAlhster, made claims in the township in 1834. John McAllister and family moved to Ore- gon ; Simon lived and died on section 12, where he first located ; so did his wife. His son, Wesley, is living on the old place; he was married to Harriet Reed. Mr. Denny had a large family ; they all moved to Oregon, where they prospered. Thomas Gilbert was one of the early settlers, locating on sec- tion 8. He died some years ago, and his widow is living in Kno.wille. His oldest son, Thomas, is also living there. Israel Turner came to the settlement in 1837, and later on his brother, William, came. In 1837 Anderson Barnett. that now genial, highly respected and poetical old gentleman, sought a home in this township, locating on section 10, where he erected a cabin for himself and his good wife. To this worthy couple were born 18 children, ten of whom are still living and, diligent in business, are winning high places in life. After living on his farm for 45 years, and having acquired by his industry and economy a handsome competency, he has retired from active labors, and is now living with his faith- ful life companion at Knoxville, enjoying the fruits of hi-i industry, surrounded by numerous friends, by whom they are loved and respected. (See biography.) James Reed, a brother-in law of Mr. Barnett, came West witli him. He afterward moved to Iowa. In 1834 four of the young people of this township found life in this Western prairie very lonely and dreary, unblessed by conjugal ties, and concluded to form alliances more conducive to their happiness. Their names were Ale.x. Robertson, Narcissa Fer- guson, and Daniel Fuqua and Lydia Bowmar, all of whom were living on section 11. Rev. Jacob Gum tied the Gprdian knot. The first birth was Cynthia, daughter of James and Martha Ferguson, in 1833. The first death was that of Mr. Cranmar, who died on section 1 1, in 1832. James Ferguson was elected the first Justice of the Peace. The first school taught was by Thos. Ellison, on section 14, in 1836. Mr. Ellison is now living at Abingdon. Anderson Barnett taught the second school in 1837-38. The first man to ad- minister gospel food in the way of preaching was Rev. Jacob Gum, a Baptist preacher. The first church building was the Orange Chapel, by the Methodist denomination, on, section 22, in 1845. It was constructed of brick, which were made by A. Barnett. A Methodist class was established in 1836. Meetings were held at the Wallace school- house and in private houses. The walls of Orange Chapel are cracked and it is very much out of re- pair, and services are now held in what is called Haynes' Church. Rev. James Core is the present preacher in charge. This is a fine church building. The United Brethren have a congregation in this township, on section 22. It was organized some 20 years ago. Elder Smith has charge of this society. There were plenty of Indiaris in the township when the white people came in, and remained until after the Black Hawk War. They were quite trouble- some and a block-house was built on the southeast corner, into which the people could go for safety. This place is now owned by Cornelius Runkle. One man was killed in this township about the time of the breaking outof the Black Hawk War. He went out of the block-house about sundown to ■ cut some hay, and some Indians came out of the woods and shot him, and then fled. Orange Town- ship is watered by Haw Creek and branches, and ■ some other little streams. It is quite liberally tim- bered in the northeastern and eastern portions, and in the western the land is quite broken. About the ■ middle portion the land is rolling, and the soil is rich. In this section there are many fine farms. Consid- erable attention has been given of late years to the raising of cattle and hogs, and the farmers have been successful. The Peoria Branch runs across the northeast corner. The people do their marketing 'and trading at Kno.xville. In 1880 the population was stated by the cen- sus taker at 1,130. It is not far from this at the present writing. There are eight school districts in the township, all of which are ungraded. The school property was valued at ^6,923,80. The school- houses are all frame. Of persons under 21 years of age there were 438, of whom 345 were of school age. SUPERVISORS. .^M Haynes 1853-54 Thomas Gilbert "SsS-sS .\. W.Martin .857-59 T.W. Sumner i860 W. Woolsey 1861 Peter Godfrey 1862 Geo. Newman 1863 ~ ■■■ " 1867-70 Harla Peter Godfrey 1872-73 T.W.Sumner .874-75 A. Barnett 1876 J. E. Eilier 1S77 W. H.Reynolds 1879 M. W. McCollister 1880 }. C. Eiker 1881-) Luther Clark 1883-! ^1^ t f4: :^-^ KNOX COUNTY. 1085 PERSIFER TOWNSHIP. <;• ERSIFER went into township organization April 5, 1853. George W. Manley was chosen Moderator, and Richard Daniel, J-^ J Cleik of the election. After the jwlls were \, closed it was found that the following-named '* citizens were elected to fill the township offices : George W. Manley, Supervisor; Richard Daniel, Clerk ; James McCord, Assessor; William T. Butt, Collector; Francis Wilson, Caleb Reece and David Cobb, Commissioners of Highways; Rufus \V. Miles and Thomas Pation, Justices of the Peace; Wilson Fierce, Overseer of the Poor ; L. A. Parkins ajid David Russell, Constables. The township is very liberally watered by numer- ous streams which meander through it and empty into Spoon River. This river also ventures a little way into the eastern border. The township is quite ■ broken in some parts and pretty well timbered; the southwestern portion, however, is rolling prairie. It, like the four townships cornering on it, Elba, Truro, Victoria and Copley, has no railroad. The Peoria Branch, however, passes within about half a mile of its southwestern corner. R. C. Benson is credited with being the first settler in the township, coming in 1835. He was also the first man to form a mat- rimonial alliance, taking to his cabin home the only marriageable lady in the township, in the person of Sarah J. Bradford. This wedding was celebrated at the home of the bride's father, Charles Bradford, Jan. 5, 1837. Mr. Benson took his fair bride to his home, which was not unlike most of the dwellings in those pioneer days. He was a great hunter, and upon his unerring aim and good rifle he depended mostly for his subsistence. To this he added a more delicate luxury, the product of the wild bee. In looking for a bee-tree his eyes were as true as when looking along the line of his rifle-barrel after a bounding deer. Adding the above articles, venison and honey, to that of corn-meal, made up the repast during the pleasant days of the honeymoon of Ben- son and his bride. The first child born was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds. The first death was that of Mrs. Elizabeth Bradford. The first sermon preached in the township was by Rev. S. S. Miles, father of Rufus W. Miles. In 1838 a Sabbath-school was or- ganized at the home of Charles Bradford, by this clergyman, atid it is remembered to have been a very interesting one. John Mcintosh taught the first school, in 1841, in a log school-house that was built this year. The Indians were living about this township when the white people came. They remained for some time, hunting and making baskets and maple sugar. Among these Indians were a squaw and her son. She had, It was reported, accumulated quite an amount of money in gold and silver. Having to leave, with her tribe, and being unable to take all of her money with her, she buried part of it on the banks of Court Creek, in one of her iron kettles. Subsequently she sent her son back for it, but he was unable to find it, and as far as is known it has never been found. Persifer is the home of Hon. Rufus W. Miles, who has held many important township positions, and who has also represented the county for several years in the Legislature. (See biography.) It was Mr. Miles who sent President Lincoln a pen made from the quill of an eagle, with which the martyred President wrote his first inaugural address. Accom- panying the quill was a letter to the President which was remarkable for its prophetic character. There are four churches in the township — the Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church, the building of which was erected in 1863, on section 30, at a cost of about §1,800. Maxey Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church, on section 4, was erected several years ago. The United Brethren have a cliurch on section 34 ; their building is a good one and was erected in 1868 ; this is called the Persifer Chapel. Mound Chapel is located on section 8, and was built in 1872. There are some finely-cultivated faims in this township, and pleasant homes. It has no town within its bor- ders, the nearest market being Knoxville, where most of the people do their trading. The jx^pulation at the last census was 765, and tiiere has been but little gain since. The School Superintendent's re- port for 1885 gives the following statistics regard- ing the schools of this township : There are nine school districts, with nine ungraded schools, and all the school-houses were frame. The value of school property was 32,875.25. Of persons under 21 years of age, there were 327, of whom 213 were of school age, 181 being enrolled. SUPERVISORS. George W. Manley, 1853-54; R. W. Miles, 1855- -ft :?=^ 1086 KNOX COUNTY. 58; George W. Manley, 1859; James W. Maxey, 1860-61; R. W. Miles, 1862-67; James Dorsett, 1868-69; J.J. Biggerstaff, 1870-71; R. W. Miles, 1872-78; E. J. Wynian, 1879-1884; R. W. Miles, 188C-86. RIO TOWNSHIP. *^ \^- KNOX COUNTY. ^H^ 1087 k changed lo Rio, which name the village has since borne. It contains a church, school-house and one store. There are a number of wealthy and promi- nent gentlemen who live in the vicinity, and thus is it a great convenience to them to have a i»st-office and railway station so near. SALEM TOWNSHIP. ' S|'j|i' MEETING was lield for the organization if of Salem Township, .April 5, 1853, at a <^ school-house near Michael Eagan's, which resulted in the election of S. S. BufTum for jl^ Supervisor; VVm. Gray, Clerk; J. E. Knable, \ Assessor; D.Waldo, Collector; T. A. Croy, G. W. Enke and J. Jordan, Justices of the Peace; M. B. Mason, A. Kent, J. E. Duel, Highway Com- missioners; J. Taylor and D. Waldo, Constables, and G. Chrisnian, Overseer of the Poor. Ale.xauder Taylor and family are credited with being the first settlers in the township, making a claim on section 5, in 1834, where he put up the first log cabin ever built here. Soon after Mr. Taylor came Feti.ic and John Thunnan, Henry and Avery Dalton, Solomon Sherwood, Benona Hawkins, Wm. Kent, John Darnell, John Haskins and Sala Blakes- lee, most of whom came in with families. In 1835 the population of this township was in- creased by the advent of little Laura, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Haskins. The first persons to be joined in wedlock were Avery Dalton and Delilah Dalton, in 1835. Andrew Corbine died the same year, which was the first death. These pioneers were quite religious and held their prayer-meetings soon after the first settlement. This attracted the atten- tion of Rev. Henry Summers, who came and preached for them, delivering the first sermon in the township on section 13, November, 1836. In 1837 the settlement became of sufficient im- portance to have a post-office, whirl) was established at Middle Grove. Abiel Drew taugiit the first school in a log house on section 13, in 1838. The enter- prising and progressive Sala Blakeslee erected the first frame building in the township, in 1837, for a barn. It was quite a large barn, but it did not stand long, for it was burned the same year — a reproof, some of the neighbors said, for his e.vtravagance. William Davis was the first man to hold the scales' of justice, and it is said of him that he did it with a fair but strong hand. On the farm located by Sala Blakeslee may be seen some fine old cliestnut trees, grown from seed planted by him in 18+6. Salem was settled up by a good class of people, and after a beginning was made its population in- creased quite rapidly. Its lands lie fair and are rich and very productive, and easily drained by the little water-courses that meander through. A great portion of the township is beautiful rolling prairies, the southeastern and southwestern portions being somewliat broken. These sections at one lime were liberally timbered. It is regarded as one of the best townships in the county; it ranks second in raising cattle and horses, and first in hogs. It has more miles of railroad than any other township, e.xcept Galesburg, and is third in population. The Peoria Branch of theC, B. & Q. R. R., which I was completed in December, 1856, passes through 1 the northern part of the township, running nearly | east and west; the Rushville & Buda Branch ' enters the township, forming a connection at Yates City, where the people of the township do most of their marketing and trading. Summit, another town on the railroad, claims and gets some of the trade. This town was platted Oct. 17, 1856, by W. K. Ware, on the northeast corner of section 7 and the south- east corner of section 6. It is located on a high rolling ])rairie. Uniontown, on secrion 19, was one of the earliest settled towns in this part of the county, and before the advent of railroads there was quite a trade done here. The railroad towns have take.i the trade away, and there is nothing here now but a blacksmith-shop. Salem is a great farming township, and is dotted over with fine dwellings. Its population, in 1880, was 1,794, and it is claimed that these figures have since been enlarged. From the School Superintend- ent's report for the year ending June 30, 1885, the fol- lowing items are obtained : There are ten school districts in this township, one graded school and nine ungraded. The school property was valued at $14,650. In the ten districts there are two brick and eight frame school-houses. Of the persons under 2 i years of age there were 767, of whom 554 were of school age, 473 beingenroUed. KSOX COUNTY. The highest wages paid male teachers were $ioo per month; the lowest $33.33; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest 22. SUPERVISORS. S. S. Baffm J853 If. B. Mawn »*5«-S5 G. W.Enlce 1836 MB. MaxMi i^ J. E KuUe «8s8-6o M. B Mawni iS&i J. E- KnaWe >8fe Samud Pl»eli>E 1S63 JofasE. Kuablc i86« M H. Pease 18^-66 C. M- HuD 1867 iJavld Cory 1868 lohn Sloan 1869-70 j. W. Htntlej- 1871-7= Jobn SloaB 1873-78 J. M. Cory 1879-go L. K. Wertman 1881-82 John Sioan 1883-85 ,'-'■'5—0*0- 4 Yates City. .ATE.S CITY is vet)' pleasantly located on [- the Peoria Branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R., in the northeast portion of .Salem Township. It was platted in October, 1857, by Amos C. and William Babcock, James Burson and Bost. wick Kent, and was surveyed by Elias T. By- ram, October, 1857. It embraced the whole of section II. The land was purchased from R. H. Bishop, Mrs. Gray and W. D. Dixon. It was named after Yates County, N. Y., where the Babcocks were Ijorn and raised. The first building erected in this town was in 1857, by James Burson, which was located on the comer of Union and Main streets, and was used for a store. In 1858 another store was built by W. D. Dixon and D. B. Coykendall; Mr. Stiinalt, John Sonnemaker and A. Kerns erected dwellings. When the depot was located here an impetus was given to the growth of the town, and it has been increasing in population from that time on. It was incorporated as a village by a special act of the Legislature in 1869. An election was had in April for organization. D. Touslee, W. H. Eastman, G. N. Pierce, J. D. Roberts and F. Madder were elected Trustees. At a subsequent meeting of the Board, D. Touslee was chosen President; E. B. Rhea, Clerk; Benj. Kersey, Treasurer; W. L Adams, Marshal; and David Wiltsc, Police Magistrate. Yates City is one of the most thrifty towns in the county, full of life and vigor. It is surrounded by as fine a farming countrj- as there is in the State. It has a large flouring-mill, a good brick and tile factory, a first-class wagon-shop and a sorghum mill. The wagon factory is owned by W. D. Alle)', and was es- tablished some 18 years ago. Mr. Alley's wagons have a wide reputatbn, and he has a ready sale for all that he can make. Sleighs and cutters are also made at this factorj-. In addition to this, Yates City has a good banking institution, known as the Farmers' Bank, which is ably presided over by L. F. Wenman. Several large business houses,, lumber-yards and elevator, and many other buaness establishments are located here. There is here a co-operative store, which was organ- ized in the spring of 1875. Its capital stock now is $20,000, and the business is carried on in a two-story brick building, which was erected by this corap)any at a cost of $3,000. They are now out of debt and have a fund large enough to meet purchasing de- maruis, and hereafter it is proposed to pay dividends. Three churches have been established here, and also an excellent graded school and a newspaper. It is the headquarters of the construction train for this division, and the junction of the Buda Branch. The people are enterprising, hospitable, social and moral. The present population is about 1,000. The present officials are : C. S. Roberts, Wm. Burson, Win. Nash, H. J, Truitt and F.T.Westfall, Trustees; with C. S. Roberts, President; R. A Fulton, Qerk, and Lewis Series, Marshal. Postmaster, Smith Rhea. Yates City has one of the best public graded schools in the county. A full English course is taught, with the sciences and Latin. S. C. Ransom is the Principal, and E. F. Cunningham, Assistant. Miss Lizzie Fumiss has charge of the Grammar De- partment; the Intermediate is under the charge of Miss Ella E. Williams, and the Primary is presided over by Miss M. E. Qancey. The enrollment is 225, with an average attendance of 200. Connected with the school department is the Salem Teachers' Asso- ciation, which has a membership of 25. Meetings are held monthly during the school season. It has been organized about one year. A well-selected library is one of the features of this school, contain- ing 1^4^80 volumes. This school has a good corps of teachers, who are interested in their work and thor- ough in their system. PRESS. Industrial Banner. The first issue of this paper was cast before the reading world on Christmas Day, 1879. It was started by A. H. McKeighan, who is the present editor and proprietor, and advocated the Greenback policy. It is a seven-column folio, issued KNOX COUNTY. 1089 ever)' Friday, is neatly printed, well edited and de- voted to the advancement of the interests of Yates City. In fwlitics it is now independent, its editor holding himself free to advocate the claims of that parly which, in his judgment, will serve the interests of the people. It is quite liberally patronized for a territorj' so limited in population, having a circula- tion of about 600. The Maquon Sunbeam is published by Mr. Mc- Keighan, and is printed at the Banner office, with a circulation of about 100. Before coming to Yates City, Mr. McK'eighan published the Stream of Light at Ipava, in Fulton County. RELIGIOUS. The Presbyterian Church. A committee appointed by the Presbyter)- of Peoria to organize a church in Yates City met at the school- house Nov. 16,1866. After a sermon by Rev. Thomas Stevenson, the meeting was opened for the admission of members and the election of officers. The enrollment was made and Joseph Cunningham and William B. Mathews ■were elected as Elders, at'ter which they were de- clared to be duly organized as the First Presbyte- rian Church of Yates City. There were 18 members, who were admitted mostly by letter, having belonged to other organizations. When the organization was completed the congregation proceeded to the elec- tion of Trustees, which resulted in the clioice of the following: John C. Bryson, John D. Henry, William B. Mathews. The committee of the Presbytery were Tiiomas Stevenson, J. H. Smith and John Mar- shall. John H. Smith was the first pastor, and was followed respectively by Revs. J. E. Caruthers, L. D. Wells, L. C. Littell, C. F. Carson and J. L. Hen- ning, the present pastor. Some of the above-named gentlemen were supplies. The church building was erected in the summer of 1867, at a cost of $3,700. The Ruling Elders at the present time are W. B. Mathews, R. J. McKeighan and J. J. Mathews. Present membership, 105. A Sunday-school was organized in November, 1867, by G. N. Peirce. It has been prosperous and has a membership of loc It is presided over by W. B. Mathews. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized here soon after the town was started. In 1867 a very neat and substantial church building was com- pleted. This societ) has no local pastor, but regu- lar services are held by the pastor of the Elmwood . Church, who has charge here. The persons to whom we have to look for church history failed us in re- gard to this society ; hence our history is rather limited. SOCIETIES. Yates City Lodge, Ao. 448, A., F. d- A. J/., was chartered Oct. 4, 1865, with 18 charter members. The first officers were: S. S. Buffum, W. M.; John E. Knable, S. W. ; M. B. Mason, J. W. Present officers: Henry Soldwell, W. M.; W. H. Houser, S. W. ; M. W. Thomson, J. W. ; Henry Hare, Treas. ; J. D. C. Hoit, Secy.; W. H. Langdon, S. D. ; Smith Rhea, J. D.; John Hensler, Tiler. Present membership, 45. This Lodge occupies a hall with the Odd Fellows. It is well furnished and equipped. Eurekci Chapter, Ao. p■ ing the following officers were elected : T. H. Tay- lor, Supervisor; Asaph DeLong, Clerk; Stephen Smith, Assessor; C. W. Riiodes, Collector ; D. Reed, Stephen Russell, Peter Davis, Commissioneis of Highways; Morvan BakerandHugh Ferguson, Jus- tices of the Peace; M. P. DeLong, Constable. This township is indebted for its classic name to Amos Wilniot. Hezekiah Burlbrd has the credit of being the first settler in the township. He came in the spring of 1834, locating on section 5. He with his family moved with tlie colony that went to Ore- gon about the year 1850, locating at Monmouth. Amos Wilniot, from Connecticut, joined the pioneer Burford, June 5, 1836. He was born in 1802. He had by liis wife (Betsey Crawford) ten children, six daughters and four sons. Mr. Wilniot was a public- spirited man, and was much interested in the pro- motion of education and religion. He died Aug. 28, 1878. Cyrus Robbins, from New York, made a claim on section 5, early in the year 1836. His two brothers, Levi and Reuben, joined him the same year, locating on the same section. About the first thing these brothers did was to start a nursery, from which afterward were established fine orchards and groves ; one of these groves has since been known as " Robbins' Grove. This little settlement was increased later on in the season by the arrival of Asaph DeLong and Luman Field, from Vermont, and Wm. M. Heath, from New York, locat- ing on section 31. About this time also came tlie brothers James and Abraham Neely, from Cayuga, N. Y.,the former locating on section 30, and the lat- ter on section 8. Abraham moved to Missouri, and James lived at the old place. Among the early settlers were Richard, Joseph and William Armstrong, S. S. Russell, Stephen Smith, Thomas and Geo. W. Falkner, Morvan Baker, C. C. West and B. Pickrel. When once the start was made this township settled quite rapidly, and by an excellent class of citizens. They were mostly from the East, and understood farming and stock-raising, as was afterward shown by their fine farms and the quality of their stock. During the early days prairie fires were frequent. Combustible material had been accumulating for years, and when the fire got in it threatened destruc- tion to everything, and cast terror and dismay over the neighborhood. A fire started at Red Oak, in Henry County, and, moving southward with fearful roar, threatened to destroy the settlement in this 'K township. Happily it was discovered before it reached the settlement, by a daughter of Luman Field, who awakened about midnight. She gave the alarm by" running from house to house, and devastation was prevented. Back-fires were started, trenches were dug, and wet blankets were placed upon the build- ings and fences, and by these and other means the settlements were saved. There are some fine coal- banks and coal-veins in Sparta, which have been a source of considerable revenue to the people, and were the means of furnishing cheap fuel. The first banks opened were on sections 21 and 22, south of Wataga. Mines have been opened since in different parts of the township, and an extensive business is carried on in this department. The coal is of a good quality, and much of it readily mined. Some shafts, however, have been put down to the depth of 100 feet. Sparta is pretty well watered by little streams that meander through it, and the southeast portion is liberally timbered, where the land is somewhat broken. The other portions of the township are roll- < ing prairie, with a productive soil. The railroad, which was completed through in December, 1854, enters the township on section 2, and running southwest passes out on the southwest corner of section 31. The population in 1880 was 1,682, and there has been a slight increase since that time. Most of the farmers are in independent cir- cumstances. There are nine school districts, one graded and eight ungraded schools. The school property was valued at $9,000 and the district has eight frame and one brick school buildings, with one library. SUPERVISORS. T. H. Taylor, 1853-54; Peter Davis, 1855 ; J. M. Holyoke, 1856-64; John Gray, 1865; A. Ebright, 1866; J. M. Holyoke, 1867-72; H. P. Wood, 1873; M. P. DeLong, 1874; J. M. Holyoke, 1875-77; Wni. Robson, 1878-S5. Wataga. ATAGA was platted in the spring of 1854 by Clark pJCarr and J. M. Holyoke. It was started after the C, B. & Q. R. R. lO • . . ' line had been established. This road runs northeast and southwest througli the center of the town, and was completed about the 1st of December, 1854. J. M. Holyoke was the first ^ KNOX COUNTY. 1091 resident. Willard & Babcock opened the first store in town. The building was put up by J. M. Hol- yoke and A. P. Cassel. A defxit was erected in 1856, and a hotel, called the VVataga House, was opened by Loren Smith. Silas Willard sold out to A. P. Wood in 1856, and in 1859 Mr. Wood bought out Amos P. Babcock. Mr. Willard is dead, and Mr. Babcock is living in Galesburg. After the railroad was opened there were several stores started and a thriving trade was carried on here. In 1868 A. P. Wood opened his banking house. The first religious exercises were held in private houses; it was not long, however, before several fine churches were erected. In 1863 it was incorporated under a special act of the Legislature. The election for Village Trustees was held September 19, and re- sulted in H. P. Wood, J. M. Holyoke, C. F. Farns- worth and John H. Shoop being elected Trustees. H. P. Wood was subsequently chosen President, and Luther B. Hunt, Clerk. In 1874 the village was re- ' incorporated under the general village law of 1872, with a territory embracing one mile square. There is considerable business done in Wataga, and there ■* are some large business houses. This is a good I grain market, and a good market also for cattle and hogs. There is a large elevator to receive the grain, * and yards for the stock. Williamson & Bros, have a flouring-mill, where they are operating three runs of stone and make a good article of flour. A tile and brick factory is car- ried on by Charles Pister & Co. They have fine clay- beds and are making a good article of tile and brick. Coal mining is quite an addition to the business of Wataga. There are several firms now engaged in mining coal, which is hauled and shipped to other markets. The beds worked now are mostly on sec- tions 15 and 21 ; the veivis are from two to four feet in width. Wataga has a trade tiot only from Sparta, but from nearly all of the townships surrounding it, and its business as well as population is on the in- crease. The estimated population is now upward of 700. It is pleasantly located, and is populated by a good class of people. The present village offi- cers are: C. H. Martin, J. H. Merrill, Charles Pal- mer, Charles Pister, Edward Huston and Wm. M. Thomas, Trustees, with C. H. Martin, President; Wm. M. Driggs, Treasurer; M. O. Williamson, Clerk, and J. L. Temple, Marshal. Edward Huston is the present Postmaster. Wataga has a good graded school, which is pre- sided over by Miss Anna M. Sommers,who is assist- ed by Miss Frances Reed in the Grammar Depart- ment, Miss Ida Temple in the Intermediate, and Miss Addie Wiles in the Primary. Enrollment, r7o; average attendance, about 140. The grade is low, but a full English course is taught so far as they go. The building is a two-story brick. The graded school was started in 1867. This school district was organ- ized Nov. 7, 1845. BAND. Wataga is proud in the possession of an excellent band, the members of which are in good practice and play well. They have a beautiful set of nickel- plated instruments, from which the band takes its name. M. O. Williamson is Leader; C. L. Denni- son. Assistant; G. W. Mallon, Secretary, and J. L. Robinson, Treasurer. They have 16 members, and were orgainized in November, 1885. CHURCHES. The S%ve KNOX COUNTY. '°9S Victoria Village. HIS pretty little village is located upon a commanding site on the eastern line of Victoria Township. Beautiful little hills and valleys, stretching far away in the distance, can be seen from almost every point. The town was originally started about a mile east of the present site, where there was a small store and a blacksmith-shop. This was in 1839, the year that Queen Victoria was crowned, from whom it took its name. The town did not remain here long, and " Uncle " Reynolds is sometimes accused of stealing it and mov-ing it up to the present site. From con- versation with this sturdy old pioneer we are inclined to think there is some truth in this report. The pro- prietors of Victoria were Geo. F. Reynolds, John Becker. Albert Arnold, J. W. Spaulding, W. L. Shurtliff, Jonas Hedstrom, Joseph Freed and J. J. Knapp. It was laid out by A. A. Denny, County Surveyor. A part of the plat is in section 7 and a part in section 18, also in sections 12 and 13, in Cop- ley Tosvnship. John Becker had the enterprise to open the first store in town, and G. F. Reynolds opened the first hotel ; he also erected the first house. Mr. Rey- nolds was also the first Postmaster here. He was succeeded by Isaiah Berry. Mr. Peuse succeeded Berry, who was followed by Ephraim Russell. Henry K. Olmstead then held Uncle Sam's commission for several years, and was succeeded by Louis Emery, who gave place to Lee Shannon, the present Post- master. This town was on the stage route from Burlington to Chicago via Kno.xville. Four-horse Concord coaches for many years were wont to roll through this town and stop beneath the shadow of Reynolds' far-famed hostelry. Here this hospitable landlord entertained the traveling public for 15 years. Victoria is well laid out, with many attractive dwellings and some good business-houses. It is thrifty and has an extensive and rich farming coun- try to support it. People come here from Lynn, Truro, Persifer, Copley and Walnut Grove Town- ships with their produce and for marketing. There is some talk of getting a branch railroad through here. It has a population now of about 700 souls. They have never had a corporate organization, yet all their town affairs seem to run smoothly. There is a very good school here, which is par- tially graded. A. VV. Ryan is Principal, with Mrs. K. \V. Ryan, Assistant. The enrollment in the up- per department is 43, in the lower 42. The average attendance in both, 75. CHURCHES. Congregational Church of Victoria. This society was organized under Presbyterian auspices, April 30, 184 1. The meeting was held at George Foster's residence. Members of the first organization were George and Jane Foster, Geo. F. Reynolds and wife, John Foster and wife, Wm., Harriet and Nancy Foster and Henrietta Gaines. The first pastor wns Rev. S. G. Wright. Meetings were held in private houses and school-houses for several years. In April, 1849, the society adopted the Congrega- tional system. The church building was erected in 1851 on section 18. and was dedicated .Aug. 12, 1852. It cost about §1,500. Rev. David Todd suc- ceeded Mr. Wright in the spring of 1847. and served the church until 1850, when they had supplies for awhile. Among these supplies were Jonathan Blanchard and F. A. Armstrong. In April, 1853, Rev. Wra. Beardsley was installed, remaining until October, 1855. For several years thereafter they had supplies. In February, 1862, Rev. B. F. Haskins assumed charge, serving the church until 1874. He was succeeded by Rev. L. E. Benton, who remained until July, t875, when H. C. Abernethy took charge, serving until May, 1878, when they again had sup- plies. In May, 1879, Rev. E. H. Bakerwas installed, serving until January, 1883. They had supplies then until May, 1884. At that time the services of Rev. Wm. Chappell were obtained, who remained until August, 1885. Since this time the church has had no regular pastor. The membership is small. A good parsonage is owned by the society, valued at $75°- Swedish Methodist Church. The first class for the Swedish people was organized by Rev. Mr. Jonas Hedstrom, Dec. 15, 1846, in a little log house in Victoria, with five members, who were taken on probation. This mission was served by several preachers, but Mr. Hedstrom was the regular pastor until 1857, when Rev. N. C. Westergreen took charge, serving until 1858; Rev. V. Witting from 1858 until *x •*-- •e-- t 1096 KNOX COUNTY^ ^ i860. In i860 Peter Newborg was placed in charge. In 1861, Albert Ericson; in 1863, N. Peterson; in 1866, Peter Newborg; in 1869, John H. Ekstrand ; in 1872, H. W. Ehlund; in 1873, John Burstrom ; in 1875, A. Walgron ; in 1876, H. Olson; in 1878, C. F. Levin; in 1880, J. B. Anderson, who remained until 1883, when Rev. P. M. Johnson, the present pastor, took charge. In 1854 ihey erected their first church building, at a cost of $2,000. Subsequently they built a parsonage at a cost of $500. Present membership, no. WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP. N attempt was made toward the settlement of this township as early as the spring of 1832, by Messrs. Jones and De Hart, who made claims on section 21. The Black Hawk War frightened and drove them away and they never returned. It was unoccupied then until 1836, when John Thompson, from Pennsylvania, came in and made a claim on section 16, the present site of the village of Altona. His nearest neighbor then was at Fraker's Grove, some 11 miles distanti The only near neighbors the Thompsons had were a band of Indians ; two of this band, an Indian and his squaw, remaining for a long time. Thompson was wont to speak of this couple in high praise, and re- gretted much to have them move away. Amos Ward and Stephen Eames moved into the township soon after Mr. Thompson, also Simeon L. Collinson, from England. From 1838 the settlement increased quite rapidly, and among those who came in were many of the Mormon faith, the leader of whom, Joseph Smith, proposed to establish a branch church here, and to erect a temple for worship. At this time the head of this so-called religious society was at Naii- voo, Hancock County, 111. They organized a society hereof about 100 members. The fanatics were not very cordially received by the other settlers, and it was intimated to them that they would not be pro- tected here either in person or property, and that they had better seek some other land in which to propa- gate their peculiar ideas. Accordingly it became convenient for Joe to have a new revelation, and they were ordered to leave Walnut Grove and go to Hancock County, which order they promptly obeyed. John Thompson, Jr., was the first male child born in the township, and Helen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Amos Ward, was the first female child born. Helen was married to A. P. Stephens, and went to Iowa. The first marriage was between Austin Frederick and Elizabeth Finney. Amos Ward was the unlucky man to receive the first commission as Postmaster. He held this office for many years, receiving but little else than honor and trouble. The first school taught here was by Eugene Gross, who afterward distinguished himself in the legislative halls of the State. His school was taught in a small log building which was put up in 1841. A meeting was held for the purpose of township organization, Aprils, i^SS- Amos Ward was chosen Chairman//!? tern., and L. B. Farris, C\.tx\i pro tern., when the polls were declared open. H. L. Sage was elected Moderator, and an adjournment for one hour was had. Thirty-one votes were cast, electing the following-named officers : Amos Ward, Supervisor ; A. F. Ward, Clerk; David Livingston and Amos Ward, Justices of the Peace; H. L. Sage, Assessor; James Pratt, Collector; H. L. Collinson, Daniel Al- len and C. Capps, Highway Commissioners; Reu- ben Cochran, Overseer of the Poor; John Livings- ton and James Pratt, Constables. The land of this township is nearly all high, roll- ing prairie, having a rich soil, easy of cultivation. It is well watered by Walnut and Prairie Creeks, with their tributaries. Beautiful groves are in every part of the township, lending to it an additional feature of attraction. The C, B. & Q. R. R., which was completed through in the fall of 1854, runs nearly diagonally across from northeast to southwest, af- fording the people ample means of transportation. It has one good town, which is located near its cen- ter, and where the people do most of their trading. Some from the southwest part go to Oneida. There are many beautiful farms and fine farm buildings in this township. They greet the eye of the traveler from almost every point, and cause him to wish he was one of the fortunate owners. Con- siderable attention has been given, of late years, to stock-raising, wiiich has met with success. The population, in 1880, was 1,781 ; since this time there has been a slight increase. There are 1 1 ^ \ t •H). jcjvox county. to97 school districts, one graded and lo ungraded schools, and 12 frame school-houses. SUPERVISORS. Amos Ward 1853.54 K. S. Stuckey 1854-59 W. ,*. Jones i860 A. C. Biiffuin i86i-6a S. S. Stuckev 1863-66 J. S. Chambers 1867-72 James Johnston 1873-74 S. S. Stuckey "875-76 Nelson M ulter 1877-78 J.W.Andrews 1879-80 John A. Frederick 1881-83 J.W.Andrews 1884-85 Altona. HIS thriving little town is situated in about the center of Walnut Grove Township, on sections 15 and 16. It was laid out by John Piatt for the heirs of John Thompson, in 1854, and was then called La Pier, the plat contain- ing 80 acres. Daniel Allen and E. B. Main made an addition the same year of 28 acres, which lay north of the first plat. In 1863 the name was changed to Altona. The advent of the C, B. & Q. R. R., which was completed through here in Novem- ' ber, 1854, was the cause of the town being started. The site is a very pretty one, and is in the midst of a rich agricultural country. Silas Willard was the * I pioneer merchant and he was soon followed by S. P. Whiting. Mr. Willard opened his store in 1852, on the corner of Main and Depot streets. Mr. Whiting opened in 1853 on the opposite corner. A district school was established here before the town was laid out. The first church organized was the Methodist Episcopal, the second Sabbath in August, 1853, by Rev. James Quimby. The first train came in in November, 1854. Dr. Herman Hall was the first physician to locate in town, in 1856. The first Postmaster was Amos Ward, and the office was called Walnut Grove, and located near tlie grove about a mile south of the present site. It was moved up after the town was laid out. Altona was incorporated under special act of the Legislature in 1856. This charter was subsequently thrown out and the town was re-incorporated under the general law in 1862, and re-incorporated again under the village law in 1874. Some of the records have been lost and tiie history is incomplete. This is the home of Dr. R. C. Edgerton, who was quite prominent in the old slavery days as one of the operators of the Underground Railroad. The Doctor relates that, while living ai Galesburg in the summer of 1844, the slaves who made their escape from Mis- souri came to his house and asked for food. He gave them all a good meal and then took them out into a grove and gave them the proper directions north. They had been gone but a few minutes when their owners, with a (xjsse and bloodhounds, came on in hot pursuit. They threatened the Doctor, and finally ordered him out in the chase for tlie fugitives. This he refused to do. He went into town, rallied around him a lot of young men, and returned to the slave- hunters and told them if they did not leave town forthwith they would make them wish they had never seen a slave. This order they obeyed post-haste. An election was held to elect officers for village organization in March, 1873. The Trustees elected met at John W. Cline's office and completed organi- zation by electing John W. Cline, President ; A. C. Scott, Clerk; E. P. Lindwell, Treasurer. Jacob Ter- williger was apiwinted Police Constable. The records of the organization and elections prior to this time have been lost. Amos Ward held the position of Postmaster until 1 85 6, and was succeeded by J. N. Rush, and Rush ' by Wm. Burneson, who held it until 1861. John Fowler was the incumbent during Lincoln's admin- istration. He was followed by W. E. Ward, E. C. X Russell, W. M. Whiting, W. E. Wan! again, W. M. Whiting again, A. G. Love and L. K. Byers, the pres- ent Postmaster. Altona is a prosperous town, with substantial busi- ness houses and many fine dwellings. It has a com- manding view of the country surrounding it; its streets are well laid off and ornamented with beautiful shade trees. The population is estimated now to be about 850. The present officers are L. D. Vanscogk, J. C. Col- linson, P. M. Cronland, Nelson Multer and A. G. Love, Trustees; with C. A. Hopkins, President of the Board; S. M. Whiting, Clerk; and P. M. Cron- land, Treasurer. Altona has a good graded school. A full English course is taught here, and the elements of science. They have a High School course, with a term of two years. A very fair school building was erected some years ago. This graded school was organized as early as October, 1858. S. R. Lemon is Principal, and Mrs. Lemon has charge of tie (Grammar De- partment; Mrs. Casey Howland, tiie Intermediate, and Mrs. Etta Tamblyn, the Primary. The enroll- ment shows the names of 200 ; the averaee attend- ance about 180. ^ 1098 KNOX COUNTY. T\\e Journal was established July i, 1877, by E. H. Waldo, who brought the press from Michigan, where he had published a paper. Nov. i, 1877, S. P. Whiting purchased the paper, and has since that time been the editor and proprietor. It is a six- column quarto, issued every Friday; independent in politics and religion ; circulation, about 300. Mr. Whiting came with the family to tlie county in 1850, and embarked in the mercantile business at Victoria. In 1853 a move was made to Altona, where the mercantile business, in connection with shipping stock and produce, and carrying on a farm- ing busmess, was prosecuted until 1875. He has since 1877 continued as proprietor of \.\\e Journal, giving the news of the county to its patrons through its colums. SOCIETIES. Masonic Lodge, Ao. J JO, A. F. &-' A. M., was chartered Oct. 3, i860, with nine charter members. First officers were Hiram Hall, W. M.; A. P. Stephens, S. W.; G. D. Blanker, J. W. It was organized under * dispensation March 20, r86o, with J. J. Friend, W. M.; Chas. Trobridge, S. W.; G. D. Slanker, J. W.; J. S. Chambers, Treas.; J. B. McCalmont, Secy.; , Hiram Hall, S. D.; Geo. McKowan, J. D; H. New- mar, Tiler. Present officers : H. L. Weaver, W. M.; E. S. Keyes, S. W.; Wm. Hall, J. W.; T. F. Temple- ton, Treas.; L. B, Young, Secy.; G. V. Sydan, 8. D.; C. A. Hopkins, J. D.; Wm. Moore, Tiler. Present membership about 40. The Lodge owns the build- ing, have a neat little hall, are in good working order and prosperous. Altona Lodge, No. 511, I. O. O. F., was chartered Oct. 14, 1873, ^^i'h seven charter members. First officers: Mathew Wiley, N. G.; R. J.; Burnerson, V. G.; G. U. Hall.'Rec. Secy.; John A. Stiickey, Treas.; J. H. Griffith, P. G. Present officers : O. M. Tiffany, N. G.; N. P. Akeyson,V. G.; G. S. Chalmers, Secy.; J. W. Andrews, Treas; A. G. Little, W.; D. M. Simpson, C. Present membership 30. The Lodge is in good condition, and has money loaned out. It has a nice little hall rented. CHURCHES. The Congregational Church of Altona was organized Feb. 21, 1857, by Rev. A. Root. Members, M. B. Waldo and wife, Truman Eels and wife, Mrs. Caro- , line Jones, Stephen Eames and W. A. Jones. They ' held meetings in a school-house and the Methodist Episcopal Church at first. They erected a church in the year 1866, which was dedicated November 9 of that year, and cost about $4,000. Rev. A. Root was the first established pastor, remaining only a few months. Rev. A. R. Mitchell followed, serving till 1859, when he was succeeded by Rev. H. C. Aber- nethy, as a supply. Then came Rev. L. H. Parker, who was a supply for awhile in 1866. Then Rev. Harris was a supply for a few months. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. J. D. WyckofT, in 1867, who re- mained until 1869. J. L. Grangerserved the church next as a supply until 187 i. Rev. H. C. Abernethy then served about six years, leaving in 1878. Rev. E. H. Baker came in 1879, serving as supply for two years. Since that time they hax^^fir^ly occasional services, and this in union with the Presbyi'eri'ah's. Present membership is about 25. They have a Sun- day-school, with good attendance. The Methodist Episcopal Chur(Ji.^' This society was organized here in August, 1853,^^' Rev. James Quimby, with 13 members. In 1857 they erected their building, at a cost of $3,000. It is a substantial frame building. From 1867 to the present time this church has been served by the following-named pastors : Revs. E. Ransom, B. Applebee, A. Bower, G. W. Martin, A. K. TuUis, W. Watson, J. Ferguson, M. V. B. White, J. E. Taylor, R. Barton, D. T. Wil- son and J. A. Riason, the present pastor in charge. They have a membership now of about 100, with a flourishing Sunday-school. BANDS. Altona has a taste for music, which is evidenced by her having two local bands. Altona Cornet Band was organized Oct. 6, 1883, with 15 members, and P. T. Anderson, leader. The present members are P. T. Anderson, Leader; John Taylor, Secy.; W. B. Tiffany, Treas.; Latimer Linderhohm, John Ek- stedt, E. Swanson, A. Scott, A. W. Anderson, W. H. Vanconk, O. CoUinson, G. Perfect and G. Johnson. They practice regularly and play very well. The ladies have also interested themselves in this department of music, and have also organized a band. The Ladies' Cornet Band of Altona was or- ganized Aug. 20, 1884. John Ekstedt is the leader. The members are Addie Shade, Ella Durand, Lydia Tapper, Etta Collinson, Nellie Edwards, Maude Templeton, Mettie Hopkins and Maude Bane. A= JU KNOX COUNTY. 1099 glc^C^iei ^iJ^^^a rOCK- RAISING in Knox County has become one of the chief and most profitaiile en- terprises of many of her lead- ing citizens. It is not simply stock that they raise, but the "*"' ' best pure-bred animals known in the world. Here are to be found some herds of cattle equal to almost any to be found anywhere. Many of the farmeis have displayed great enterprise, as well as rare good judg- ment, in the way they have taken hold of the breeding of high grades of cattle, horses and swine. Some of them have had the courage to in- vest vast sums of money in a few animals. These, however, have invariably, we think, proven good investments, besides doing much toward lifting up the standard of the grade of the home stock. Below we give the names of many of the leading fine-stock raisers in the county. SHORT-HORNS. The first man to introduce Short-horns into Knox County was Peter Godfrey, who resided in Orange Township. A. J. Dunlap and E. J. Byram were the second to introduce this breed of cattle, which was in 1861. Mr. Dunlap started his herd on his farm near Galesburg, and Mr. Byiam near Abingdon. Both these men were successful, and established good herds. George W. Dunlap & Bro., sons of A. J. Dunlap, are breeding thoroughbreds on their farms, section rg. Cedar Townsliip, and have a fine herd. A. P. Charles, whose fine stock farm is near Knox- ville, has a splendid herd of Short-horns, and is quite an extensive breeder. He is also raising the Polled .\ngus. Some of his fine stock are shown in the lithographic plate in this volume. F. P. Foliz, on section 30, Cedar Township, is a successful breeder of Short-horns. He has 40 of pure blood and 75 of high grades. In Sparta Township, Niles & Bros, take the lead in raising Short-horns. Their stock farm is located on sections 21 and 2q.' They have a fine and grow- ing herd. C. W. Wetmore. one of the prominent farmers of Ontario Township, on section 32, is giving his atten- tion to the Short-horn stock. He is also breeding blooded hogs. In Henderson Township, on section 34, O. S. -■Mien, one of the prominent farmers in this part of the county, has a fine herd of grades, and owns a full- blooded Short-horn bull. Of the breeders of Short-horn stock in Knox County, J. S. Latiuier and sons take the lead. Their place is known as Cedar Farm, and is located near the center of Cedar Township and consists of 350 acres. The farm is beautifully located and is one of the finest in the county, with good, large and con- venient buildings. Mr. Latimer commenced breeding and dealing in Short-horns in 1872, procuring his first 60 head tVom Kentucky. From that time on, they have steadily increased their herds and their stock busi- i* ^M Hl-J KNOX COUNTY. ness. They have had four public sales of their stock, the average price per head being$226, the sales consisting mostly of yearlings. In addition to this they have had a large trade in full bloods and high grades with the Western ranches, having realized in this direction over $400,000. Their total sales have reached upward of a million of dollars. About five years ago Mr. Latimer took his son and son-in-law, W. B. Dunlap, into partnership with him. They now have a herd of 150 head of full-blooded Short-liorns and 300 high grades. Their Short-horns are of the leading families, many of them having been imported from England at a cost of from $500 to $1,000 each. These enterprising breeders continue to keep abreast of the times, and are constantly striving to improve their stock. They have no fears of future results, and believe the day is far distant when there will be a surplus of good Short-horns. Otiier prominent breeders of Short-liorns in this ' county are : C. N. Butt, of Kno.xville ; Jonas L. Campbell, of Abingdon; N. Fay & Son, Oneida; O. C. Ferris, Galesburg ; Amos Hinchliff and Heber >"Gillis, of Rio; Strawther Givens and W. H. Heller, of Abingdon; R. J. McKeighan, Yates City; K. R. Marks, Abingdon; W. Robson & Son, Wataga, and ^ J. R. Robson, Rio; H. M. and W. P. Sisson and John R. Smith, of Galesburg; and Isaac W. Wet- more, of Ontario. HOLSTEINS. W. P. Mosher, the enterprising farmer of Ontario Township, section 29, has started a Holstein herd and is doing well. JERSEY HERD. J. H. Miller, of Abingdon, was the first to introduce the Jersey stock, he having brought in, in March, 1883, a Jersey bull, which he purchased in Peoria. He has a fine stock farm, which is located near Ab- ingdon. His herd consists now of 15 head of pure Jerseys, he having sold off from time to lime. For awhile he was in partnership with with J. S. Latimer, which partnership, however, was terminated in 1884, Mr. Miller buying most of the stock. In May, 1883, while in partnership witli Mr. Latimer, he bought in Chicago five Jersey cows, which he brought to the farm. Mr. Miller is very proud of his Jersey stock, and is sanguine of a continued success in this line of breeding. GALLOWAY CATTLE. The Galloway stock was first introduced into Ce- dar Township by J. J. Rodgers. The first bull was John Boler, bred by Hart & Co., of Canada. He was brought to Cedar Township, Knox County, in March, 1880, and proved to be a grand breeder, making an excellent record. The first females were brought to Cedar Township the same spring with one bull calf, from Peter Davey's herd, Monterey, Wis. They consisted of Sallie, MoUie, Snip, Snow, and Peter Davey, the bull calf. In 1882, Mr. Rodgers sold all of these, with their increase, to parties in Missouri. In 1884 he purchased of Messrs. Norris & Clarke, of Lamoille, 111., seven more of this breed — six heifers and one bull — Don of Lamoille (1617). The heifers were Anna (1601), dam, Bron Nellie (1585); Frances (1604), dam, Lady Walton (1580); Grace (1605), Nellie of Broom (1582); Charlotte (1600), dam. Pretty Polly (1586) ; Dela (1602), dam. Black Bess (1584); Coa (1603), dam. Maid of Keetle, (1583). All these were from their first imported cows, and by imported bull Harral (1610), a noted Galloway. This made one of the best foundations for a Galloway herd in the State. Mr. Rodgers now makes the Angus cattle a specialty, although he thinks the Galloways are good cattle. Among the leading breeders in the State of the Galloway cattle are Parker & Hardy, whose farm is located near Abingdon. They are extensively en- gaged in breeding this stock. They are the owners of a splendid bull. Prince Jumbo (i 141), which was imported. This firm are doing well with their herd. James Hammond, whose farm is located on section 33, in Ontario Township, has a Galloway herd, and is doing finely with them. See sketch of Mr. Hardy. As will be seen by the account, Knox County has rapidly advanced in the imixsrtant industry of fine- siock raising. From the time that Peter Godfrey first introduced the Short-horns to the present time there has been a steady development in this depart- ment. It has been demonstrated tha*. the higher a d purer the thoroughbreds, and the better the grades, the more profitable it is to the breeder. HISTORY OF ANGUS CATTLE IN KNOX COUNTY. /. /. Rodgers' Angus Farm. In 1880 J. J. Rodg- ers, of Abingdon, 111., purchased from Thomas JLrr V 4 ?=:^^ KNOX COUNTY. Ferguson, of Kinnochtry, Coupar Angus, Scotland, Favorite 6th (3118), Baroness Sth {5039), Keepsake 7th (5500), Sallie 13th (5524) and Baron Balgersho (2696)— one bull and four heifers — and imported them from Glasgow to Boston, Mass., in May, 1881. They were then hauled eight miles from the vessel and placed in quarantine, where they remained tliree months, then shipped to Abingdon, 111., and arrived at the Angus Farm Aug. 10, i88i. During the voyage the increase was a bull calf — Boston (2002). In 1882 Mr. R. imported from the same herd in Scotland 15 more — 2 bulls and 13 heifers. Among them was Prince of the Blood (2307). In 1883 he imported 20 more bulls. Principally all of the above were of the Keillor Watson families, which have been bred and handleil down through the Watson families, via Mr. Fergu- son, since from about the year 1700, and to date there is not one other pure Keillor Watson animal in America beside what is now at the Angus Farm ; and those that have been sold from there are tho next closest in America. In addition to the three ;ibove importations, Mr. ' Rodgers, in 1883, purchased from the Geary Bros., M. H. Cochrane and Mrs. Whi'.field, of Canada, about 30 more heifers, the choice of their importa- tions and representatives of all the best families of Angus cattle in Scotland. All these together make one of the best-selected herds of .^ngus cattle in either Europe or America. First cost in Scotland ranged fiom $300 toSr,ooo per head ; cost of importing, from $100 to $150 each, aside from risk, losses and other expenses. The average of the sales since, for cash, of principally the increase, was S500 for the bulls and $900 for the heifers. The Angus Farm herd has now furnished the foundations for 50 herds, which are distributed over Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Dakota and Nebraska, but principally within ten miles of the Angus Farm herd. And these are also well distributed among the best farmers and stockmen of the country. The bulls that have most distinguished themselves at the Angus Farm are Baron Balgersiio (1696) and Prince of the Blood (2307). They have the honor and record of producing sons and daughters that have sold for thousands of dollars. Two bulls and ten heifers, under one year old, sold for $12,000. Their half-bloods, from common native cows, have sold as high as $225 each. Baron Balgersho {1696) and Prince of the Blood (2307) also have sisters and daughters at Angus Farm worth $2,000 apiece. It is the opinion of good judges that no two individuals will prove themselves so valuable to the county as Baron Balgersho (1696) and Prince of the Blood (2307). Their future is immense and will yet fill volumes. The most distinguished among the females at the Angus Farm are Princess Olga (55 2 1), Princess Lou- isa (s5 18), Blooming Bell (5493), Matilda of Rouge- mont {2247), Princess Maria (5519), Princess Alberta (55 rs), Dulciana of Kinnochtry (5495), Bar- oness 8th (5039), Favorite 6th (3t 18), Lady Benton (6109), and a number of others whose progeny have not yet been offered for sale. But these noted ones are the dams of more $i,ooo calves than any cows that were ever in the county. They are the dams of the following 12 calves that have been sold at $r,ooo each: Princess Beatrice, to A. Hall & Son, Abingdon, III. ; Piincess Lena, to B. J. Manifold, Dallas, III. ; Prince Sainbo, to B J. Manifold, Dallas, 111. ; Lady Langtry, to John Harvey, Abing- don, III. ; Queen Victoria, to John Harvey, Abing- *< don. III. ; Princess Quebec, to W. Neill, Abingdon, III. ; Diamond Princess, to H. Dunfee, Farragut, Iowa ; Charlotte, to Benj. Lombard, Boston, Mass. ; Prince of Angus Farm, to F. Wilson, Knoxville, III.; Princess of the Valley, to A. Stickle, Macomb, III ; Mechtildas sold for $1,000 and resold since for the same price. Among the cows sold for $1,000 and over are Princess Maud (5520), to A. Hall & Co., Abingdon, III., $2,000; Prii.cess Phoebe (4522), to J.Walton, Plymouth, 111., $r,5oo; Keepsake 7th (5500), to J. Harvey, Abingdon, 111., $1,200; Lena 3d (4279), to A. Hall & Co., $1,200; Rose 5th (4953), to N. Fo.\, Stiles, Iowa, $t,ooo. The above distinguished cattle are of the fam- ilies of Angus doddies that the late Hugh Watson and William McCombie bequeathed to the world. P. S. Allie (1789), A. M., purchased by Mr. R. from Findly & Anderson, Lake Forest, III., was the first Angus heifer that he brought to the county. She arrived at the Angus Farm, April 3, 1881. The Angus Farm herd now consists of about 53 pure heifers and 9 hulls, headed by Prince of the Blood (2307); and also 100 Angus grades. Hh=^ % BIOGFJp^F^I^P^- Abernethy, G. F 754 Ackerman, J 204 Adams, A. F 482 Adams, Andrew 249 Adams.John 23 Adams, John Quincy 39 Adams, Wilson 567 Adams, Wilson 303 Adams, Ziba H 489 Addis, Irwin 681 Aldiith, Dr. D. W 834 Alexander, W. P 257 1 Allen. C. E 8?3 Alltn, F. J 755 ■^ll^n. J^-n-es 47S Allen. Hugh C 860 Allen, S. O 23c Allen, S. W 950 Anderson, A. B 206 Anderson, A. G 724 Anderson, Jonas F 793 Anderson, N. L 597 Anderson, Ole 410 Anderson, Otto 856 Anderson, Peter 743 Anderson, Thomas 915 Andrews, J. W 799 Andrews, Thomas 650 Arms, Henry 505 Arms, Wm 892 Armstrong, Isaac Q 674 Armstrong, J. B 498 Arnold, B. F 961 Arnold, H. L 751 Arthur, Chester A 99 Avery, Geo 839 Backman, Rev. Chas. A. ..778 Bailey, Walter 414 Baily, Reuben, M. D 578 Bair, Rev. D. F 542 Bale, las 275 Earbero, Nathan =62 Barlow, Amos A 618 Barlow, Gideon A 604 Barlow, Samuel K 596 Barlow, W. F 639 Barnard, Rev. L. F, 778 Barnes, Gen. Myron S 782 Barnett, Anderson 367 Barnett, John T 740 Bartlett, E. A 277 Bartlett, F. S 801 Bartlett, Loamma M 216 Barton, Thomas M 741 Bates, M. C 557 Beale, S. K 50^ Beamer, F. S 6m Beatty, Z 785 Beebe.O. P 30J Beeson, Wm. H 509 Behringer, Mrs. Ellen 2;8 Belden, Marcus 907 Belknap, E. H 824 Bellwood, Jefferson 531 Benfield, E. M 546 Berggren, Hon. A. W 821 Besler, J. D 749 Best, M. H 463 Best, Wm 439 Beveridge.John L 17, Biedermann, Henry 752 Biggs, Iram 826 Bissell, William H 151 Blakeslee, Sala 947 Blakeslee, C. C 947 Blick, A. H 844 Bliss.Cyrus 5,2 Bloomfield, J. H 813 Bloorafield, John L 264 Bond, Shadrach mi Bond, Wm 333 Booth, Jacob 460 Boydston, Emma 327 Boydston, Mary J 483 Boyington, J. B 531 Bradbury, Andrew 354 Bradbury, Mrs. S. A 489 Bradford, H. S 974 Bragg, Julius D 631 Brainard, Edwin 278 Brainard, Jephtha 518 " A - Brechwald, C 755 Brewer, J.S 640 Briggs, J. W 974 Broadfield, Geo. O 496 Brooks, T. C 688 Brown, George W 643 Brown, Harmon 854 Brown, H. G 275 Brown, J. E 893 Brown, Joshua 619 Brown, L. A 764 Brown, L. B 697 Bruner, M 773 Brunson, Dr. L. C 489 Buchanan. James 7s Buffum, Mathew 488 Bulkeley, M. A 980 Burgland, Nels M 882 Kurkhalter, Capt. James L .853 Burner, Milton D 521 Burneson, N. W 981 Burnett, G.P 972 Burt, John C 793 Butt, Geo. W 300 Byers, L. K 593 Byram, Mrs. E 494 Byram, Robert 271 Caldwell, A. W 600 Caldwell, Wm 469 Calkins, Edwin 440 Calkins, J. H 763 Campbell. James 1 237 Campbell, O. L 591 Campbell, R. M 955 Campbell, W. W 607 Camp, Rev. Thos 926 Cardiff, E. A 726 Carey, Benj 701 Carley, J. V. R 434 Carl in, Thomas 135 Carlton, Charles 510 Games, J. W 427 Carpenter, A. N 919 Carr, Col. Clark E 721 Carr, M. .S., M D 752 Case, Frank H 949 Cashman, J. L 270 Castle, Reuben 661 Catterton, James R 426 Caulkins, Samuel 717 Cawkins, A. A 975 Challman, Geo. E 596 Chalmers, G. S 656' Chambers, J.S 780 Chandler, Jesse 459 Charles, A. G 885 Charles, A. P Charles, Geo A.... Charles, Harley J . Cha Mor Chr Dr 9'3|< .923 Chapman, Ezra 297 •305 Churchill, Prof. George Clark, C. S 7,6 Clark, Hon Dennis 756 Clark, Walter H 493 Clarkson, John 831 Clay, A. C 89s Clay, H. H 706 Clesson, Joseph 384 Cleveland, S. Grover 103 Cochran, Josiah J 48a Cochrun, A. B 203 Cochrun, Andrew 42a Coe, R. B 592 Cole, C. A 590 Coles, Edward 115 Coleman, Francis 570 Coleman, Mary A 776 Collins, E. M 708 Collins, M. H 980 Collins, Peter 585 Collinson, Charles 807 Collinson, Geo. M 775 Collinson, H. G 684 Collinson, John 869 Collinson, J. S 800 Collinson, S. L 714 Collinson. T. W s40 Colton, C. S 953 Colton. Francis 957 Combs, Wm. M 954 Cooke, M. 1) 825 Cook, Jame- 47« -6-^ -t -— 4-4- ^^ 1 104 INDEX. Cooley, E. A 773 Cooley, Hon. O. P 829 Cooley, Hon. Zelotes 432 Cool, J. M 449 Cope, Isaac 285 Corbin. Wm 427 Corey, J. M 407 Cothren, J. W 784 Cover, J. C 716 Cox, L. J 495 Craig, Wm 70S Cramer, Charles 633 Cramer, Elijah 656 Cramer, Isaac 597 Crandall, J. C 768 Crane, J. W 415 Crawford, J. L 582 Crocker, F. O 732 Cronland, P. M 595 CuUom, Shelby M 175 Gumming, Rev. J. S 466 Cummings, Robert 315 Cunningham, Nelson 410 Cuyler, C. H 832 Davis, George 827 Davis, James W 471 Dawdy, J. M 201 Dawdy, John W 571 Dawdy, L. J 256 Day, D. B 970 Dechant, Peter 680 Be Long, M. P 446 Dempsey, C 342 Derby, F. T 591 Derham, J.E 813 Deuel, E. G 373 Dickerson, W. W 272 Dieterich, G. V 675 Doak, John 827 Dodd, H. F 903 Donason, A. O 378 Dougherty, Hon. M 564 Dunbar, Harry 832 Duncan, Joseph 131 Dunlap, Andrew T 935 Dunlap, Mrs. M. F 323 Dunlap, W. B 536 Duval, T. C 292 Eads, E. T .-744 Earel, E.J 973 Earel, Harvey D 615 Eckman, J. D 297 Edgar, Lowry J 712 Edmundson, John E 524 Edwards, Geo. F 978 Edwards, Ninian 119 Edwards, R. C 228 Ehrenhart, Fred 446 Eiker, D. M 685 Eiker, J. C 681 Ekins, George 739 Eldriedge, James J 75° Elliott, Burgess 683 Elliott, G. W 631 Ellis, Joseph 191 Ellison, Oliver 449 Ely, Boanerges 431 Emery, John G 582 Emrich, Henry 863 England, George 796 Er.gland, Henry 585 England, Jacob 590 Enke, Hiram 959 Ennis, John 477 Envall, John 888 Epperson, P. W 193 Epperson, W. D 820 Erickson, J. E 856 Erickson, Peter 846 Ericson, Charles A 795 Ericson, Eric 670 Evans, Gilbert 887 Evans, Willfard 563 Ewing, W. L. D 127 Farnham, Wm. S 289 Faulkner, I. B 701 Fay, Norman 242 Ferris, Henry 693 Ferris, L. D 962 Fifield, John L 732 Fillmore, Millard 67 Finch, Oscar 730 Finley, J. Alexander 306 Fisher, Joseph 866 Fleming, J. M 277 Flynn, Daniel W 862 Foltz, F. P 276 Fooks, Mathew 634 Foote, Dr. G. W 865 Ford, Thomas 139 Foster, J. M 380 Foster, R. P 434 Foster, Dr. S 195 Fowler, F. E 803 Frailey, Henry 445 Frans, Peter 548 Fredricks, L. F.. 396 French, Augustus C 143 Frisbie, Hon. D. H 879 Frohlich, Solomon 880 Fry, John F 744 Fuller, Charles H 794 Fuller, Capt. F 777 Fuqua, Daniel 269 Gale, Wm. Selden. Gardt, Henry Garfield, James A.. Garwood, J.C 584 Gay, Martin W 611 Gehring, Alexander 465 Gehring, Martin 289 Gehring, Xaver 451 Gibbs, Charles G 614 Gibbs, Jonathan 621 Gibson, Peter 602 Gilbert, T. L 687 Givens, Strawthers 408 Givens, T. E 208 Givens, Thales H 228 Glenn, Clark 985 Glisson, T. R. and C, .. .216 Goddard, Eber 476 Goff, M. H 986 Goldsmith, E. H 334 Gordon, A. H 700 Gordon, Peter 372 Goold, Wm 577 Grant, Austin 617 Grant, H. P 694 Grant, Ulysses S 87 Graves, G. H 984 Green. E.F 916 Greenleaf, D 981 Griffith, H. M 219 Griffith, Morris 601 Grim, Davi Gross, Free Ground, J. E 764 Grubb, S. W 799 Gum, Jacob 189 Gum, John B 189 Hadley, Timothy G 949 Hager, Levi 987 Hahn, Michael 620 Hale, T. Judson 839 Hall, Amos 261 Hall, Lieut. John 589 Hambleton. C. E 906 Hamilton, John M 179 Hammond, James 629 Hampton, F. M 329 Hannah, David 366 Hannaman, R. L ...443 Hanson, Olof 682 Hardy, E.R 940 Harlan, O 983 Harper, D. P 635 Harpman, Andrew .958 Harpman, John 634 Harris, J 5" Harris, O. D 463 Harrison, Charles W 373 Harrison, Jacob H 360 Harrison, Wm. H 51 Harshberger, J. B '. 299 Harshman, David 963 H.irtsook, D. H 290 Harvey, B. M 704 Hawkins, Gideon S 977 Hawkinson, Gust 881 Hawkinson, Olof. ..913 Hayes, Rutherford B 91 Haynes, Asa 937 Hays, John M 283 Head, John W 222 Hearn, John C 227 Hedman, Jonas J 834 Hedstrom, G. L 696 Hedstrom, Nels 763 Heller, W. H, M. D 328 Henderson, Alexander 697 Henderson. David ..517 Henshaw, Daniel 779 Hensley, J. W., M. D 515 Higgins, Addison P 620 Hinckley, C- A 955 Hitchcock, Henry 880 Hjerpe, Rev. Erick G. ., 931 Hobbs, John 193 Hodgman, R. B 702 Hoffman Bros 875 Hoit, Dr. J. D. C S4S Holcomb, Capt. B. F 845 Holmes, J. S 914 Holyoke, S. G 971 Hopkins, C. A 730 Hopkins, J. W 638 Housh, A. C 789 Housh, J. O 532 Housh, Thomas 984 Houston. George 610 Howe, L. A 450 Howland, J. K 831 Hoxworth. John 327 Hoyle, W. R., Jr 891 Hubbell, J. F 639 Hudson, Benjamin 636 Hudson, G. C 262 H uggins, Edson 874 Huggins, F. D 655 _ Hughey, Wm 341 Hulse, R. W S08 Humiston, E ^ 220 Hunter, Isaac 205 Hunter, Hon. James M 535 Hurd, Henry S 904 Hurlbutt, U. C 632^ Hurr, Isaac E 916 less, J. R 960 in, John N 790 s, N. D 828 Jackson, Andrew 43 Jameson, R. B 876 Jameson, Robert G 825 Jarnagin , J ■ L 935 Jarvis, John W 385 Jarvis, S. G 698 Jefferson, Thomas 27 Johnson, Andrew 83 Johnson, Charles B. 638 — X= -M^ j_6 > INDEX. John John John John John John; John Jone Jones, Jones, Jones, Jones, Jones, judd. Junk, Junk. Junk, on, Frank A ^:;, ^on, Hans 6oj on, John C 575 on, Jonas 979 on,N.O.G 886 on, Olof. SM «n. S. D 598 , A. W 96* Isaac 94<* Franklin 7"9 ThomasE 386 Waller N 735 Wm <*f> Herbert 7"3 John a86 Samuel 263 Thomas 573 Kay. Robert 3*' Kays, J. W >94 Kelly, H. A 407 Kelly. Robert 5»t Kennedy. D. T 696 Kennedy. G. W 395 Kennedy, John T 9** Kimber, R. M 954 Kimler, John H 437 King, H. R 7i6 Kleckner, W. S 572 Knapp. Jonathan 890 Knowles, Hon. Alfred 888 Koons,\Vm. C. 445 Kriegh, John 398 Lacy, Peter 360 Lafferty, Edwin 694 Lafferty, J.G 698 Lalor. Wm 829 Lanphere, Hon . G . C 968 Lanstrum, C E 795 Larson, C. T 8S7 Larson, Erick 803 Larson, Lewis 568 Larson. Swan 555 Lass, E 88s Latimer, .Alexander 673 Latimer. FrankW 887 Latimer, Elder J 595 Latimer, Hon. J. E 627 Latimer, Jonathan 2ai Latimer, J. S 663 Lauren, L . P 783 Lawrence, C. M 472 Lawrence, L. .A 568 Lawrence, Milton 566 Lee.W A.,Jr 497 Lee, W. A.,Sr 523 Leffingwell, Rev. C. W 84a Lehman, Jacob 464 Leigh, Benjamin 541 Leigbton, John A 855 I ti; ,;in. W m. H 894 I emon, M. S 871 Linberg, Lars J 882 Lincoln. .Abraham 79 Lindquist. J. W 851 Linn. Taylor 966 Linsley, J. H 862 Lombard, B.,Jr 628 Long. Thomas L 451 Lotts. .\bram S4> Lott, W. H 340 Lowry, Mary -A 625 Loy, George 843 Lucan, Carl 6(8 Lucas, Berry .. 516 M Mackay. J. C 264 Mackintosh, G. D 753 Madison, James 31 Main, Andrew 903 Main, J. T 973 Main, W. B 315 Ma Wt ■715 Maley, M 873 Mangion, John 966 Maple. A. M 535 Markham, Charles 499 Marks, W. P ,93 Mars, Hiram 768 Marsh, E 872 Marsh, S. G 647 Jackson. Jeremiah , Martin 1 Masters. Joseph 985 Mather. Geo 650 Mather, Samuel 493 Mathews, C.H 678 Mathews, J J "..585 Mathews. John H 545 Mathews. Wm 547 Mathews, W. R 564 Matson, Lewis Matteson, Asa A 965 Matteson, Joel A 147 Maxwell, J. C 437 May, S. W 908 McCallister, M . W 633 McClang, Mrs. Annie 571 McClelland, M. A., M. D...336 McClymont, Jan.es 938 McConchie, Alex 925 McConchie. David 932 McCornack, Roben %v- McCornack, Wm... 724 McCown, J. W 649 McCullough, S. K 902 McCutchen, J. W 791 McDowell, John 309 McFarl.-ind. S 530 McGirr, Mahlon 391 McGirr, T Leslie ....258 McGowan, Wm 886 McUravy, H. H gSa Mcllravy, R 729 McKee, Thomas 905 McKeighan, A. H 551 McKeighan, James 481 McKeighan, R.J S40 McKie, Mrs. Agnes 569 McMasler, David 533 McMaster. James 657 McMaster, John 700 McMaster, Thomas 771 McMurtry, James 234 McMurtry, J. C, M. D... .377 McMurtry, Hon. Wm 3" McOmber. S. H 779 Mead.G. W 851 .Meadows, C. H 866 Meeks, A. W 335 Melton, George W 901 Merrill, George A 8ia Merriss, Sunton J 553 Metcalf, Albert D 9«6 Metcalf, S. J 966 Metcalf. Rev. Vachel 449 Miles, RufusW 214 Miller, A. W 798 Miller, J.H 304 Miller. J. M. A 703 Milroy, Samuel 649 Mitchell, H. M 419 Mcnroe, James 35 Montgomery-, Harvey 241 Montgomery, John 241 Mooers. David 196 Moore, Joshua 616 Moore, Wm. T 608 Morgan, Isaac 390 Morse, W. E 460 Masher, W. J 826 Moshier. G. S 6t6 Moshier, T 811 Hosser, John 247 MoultoD, B 802 Moulton, E. S 785 Mount, Michael 895 Mount, T. B 197 Mount. W^m 368 Multer, Josiah 774 Murdock, F 497 Murdock, Thomas 478 Myers, P. F 939 Necly. James 976 Neely, Mandiville 416 Neill, W. A 2jChase, Morris 9»8 Cleveland, S. G rover 102 Coles. Edward 114 CoUinson, Charles 806 .952 •957 tolton,C. S tollon, Krancis CuUom, Shelby M 174 Da«dy, J M 200 Dawdy, Elizabeth 201 Duncan, Joseph 130 Edwards, Ninian 118 Ekins, Geo 738 Ely, B 430 Evans, Eleanor 561 Evans, VVillfard 56a Ewing,Wm. L. D 126 Ferris, Mrs. Elizabeth H £91 Ferris. Henry 690 Fillmore, Millard tb Ford, Thomas 138 French, .\ugustus C 142 FrUbie, D. H 878 Fuqua, Daniel 266 Fuqua, Rosana..... 25; Garfield, James A 94 Grant, Ulysses S S6 Gum, John B 188 Hall, John 588 Hamilton, John M 178 Hannaman, R.L 442 Harrison, Wm. H so Hayes, John M 282 Hayes, Rutherford B 90 Hearn, Eliza 225 Hearn, John C 224 Hensley, Dr. J. W 5"4 Hftush, A. C 788 Jackson, Andrew 42 Jarnagin,J. L 934 Jefferson, Thomas 26 Johnson, Andrew 82 Latimer, Alexander 672 Latimer, Jonathan 221 Lincoln, .\brahara 78 Lombard, Eenj.,Jr 628 Lowry, Shaftoe 624 Madison, James 36 Malteson, Joel A 140 McDowell, John 308 McKee, Thomas 905 McKeighan, James 480 Melton, George W 898 Melton, Mary .\nn 899 Mitchell, H. M 4»8 Monroe, James 34 Montgomery, John 240 Nelson, Peter C 868 Oglesby, Richard J 162 O'Shea, C. M 770 Palmer, John M 166 Parker, George W 332 Parsons, J.P 382 Pierce, Franklin 70 Phelps, Col. E. F 889 Polk, James K 58 Post, Gen. P. S 84S Rambo, Abraham 320 Ramp, B 526 Ramp, Mrs. B 527 Reynolds, G. F 538 Reynolds, John 122 Reynolds, Capt. W. H 858 Riner, J. C 344 Swart, Gilbert 394 Swigart. Wm 3s8 Taylor, Zachary ^ Turner, Israel 454 Turner, Lucinda E 45S Tylcr.John 55 Van Buren, Martin 46 Ware, W. K 808 Washington, George 18 Whiting. Will L £69 Wheeler, Moses 468 Wilson, Francis 252 Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth 253 Wood, John 154 Woodmansee, Eliza 2ii Woodmansee, George 210 Woodmansee, James 922 Woodmansee, Mrs. Juana .923 Woodmansee, Mrs. Rebecca 92S Yates, Richard 158 Adam*, Wilv.n 30» Anderson, <) 411 Bailey, Walter 235 ilh. Jacob 30« )wn, Geo. W 652 Brown, Harmon 274 ,wn. Joshua 337 ,wn..Mrs. I- B 363 Herton, James 399 Chailes, A. G 885 Charles, A. P 910 Charles, H. J 748 Collinson, T . W 405 Cunningham, Nelson 287 I>euel, E. G 405 Dunbar, Harry 313 Dunlap, A. T 337 El.Iriedge, James J ;.. 349 Fredericks, L. F 231 Goold, Wm 376 Green. B. A 337 Hawkinson. Mons 313 Hays, John M 281 Hall, Amos 260 Hearn. J. C 815 Henderson. David 376 Hurlbut, D. C 399 Johnson, J. C 4" Junk, Thomas 231 Kennedy. G. W 349 Kriegh,John ...423 Leiehlon. John A 349 Len M. S. ■Vi Lowry, Mrs. S 423 Mackintosh, Geo. D 302 Miller, J. M. A 405 Nelson, Josiah 274 Nelson, Peter S 485 Newbanks.Wm 370 Oberhollzer, O.J 485 Parker & Hardy 231 Parsons, Franklin 125 Parsell, W. R 376 Peterson, F. H 370 Pierce. Mathew. 370 R.aralK>, Abraham 3^5 Randall. J. R 583 S.-.rccnt,D. B 4R5 Sargent, M. D 485 Shannon, .Alexander 41' Smith. John R 274 St. M.ary's School 1048 Stuckey, S. H 387 Thompson, Robert - 363 Walter, T. R 626 Ware, W. K 235 West, I.N 274 West. W.G 287 Wiley, W. H 387 Wilson, Francis 245 Woodmansee. Geo 376 Woodmansee, Thos 4»3 Wood, b. C 387 Woolsey. Darius 287 Wcmlsey. David 363 *r •f4 1108 /NDAX. INIRODUCTORY Public Schools 1021 TOWNSHIPS 1063 EARLY SETTLEMENT 977 The Press 102 I Cedar 1063 Manufacturing Interests 1023 Chestnut 1065 CIVIL GOVERNMENT 986 Banking 1028 Copley 1066 LEGAL HISTORY 990 Churches 1029 Elba 1068 Circuit Court Probate Court County Court Judges, etc. State's Attorneys Attorneys 990 992 992 992 994 995 Societies Covenant Mutual Bene- fit Association Scandinavian Mutual Aid Society Homestead and Loan Associaiion 1034 1039 1040 1 04 1 Galesburg Township of City of Galesburg Haw Creek Henderson Indian Point Knox 1069 1070 107 I 1072 1077 1078 COUNTY BUILDINGS 996 Miscellaneous 1 04 1 Lynn 1079'' WAR FOR THE UNION 999 CITY OF KNOXVILLE 1045 M aquon Ontario 1080 1082 TOPOGRAPHICAL lOOI St. Mary's School 1049 Orange 1083^ RAILROADS 1002 Ansgari College 1050 Persiler 1085 PubUc Scliools 1 05 I Rio 1086 BLOODED STOCK '099 Knoxville Rejjublican 105. Salem 1087 MISCELLANEOUS 1007 Societies 1052 Sparta 1089, Old Settlers' Associa- Churches •053 Truro 1092 tion 1007 CITY OF ABINGDON 1054 Vicioria 1093 Agricultural Board 1008 Banks 1056 1056 Walnut Grove 1096 County Officials 1008 Hedding College VILLAGES Educational 1009 The Press '057 Gilson 1072 CITY OF GALESBURG lOIO Churches 1058 Henderson 1076 Secret Societies '°59 M aquon 1081 Knox College 1017 loi 9 Rio 1086 Lombard University CITY OF ONEIDA 1060 Yates City 1088 St. Joseph's Academy 1020 Schools T061 Wataga 1090 Western Business Col- ("hurrhes 1 06 1 Altona 1097 lege 1020 Soi ieties 1062 Victoria 1093