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A\ 
 
 HISTORICAL 
 
 AND 
 
 DESCRIPTIYE ACCOUiN^T 
 
 ♦ 
 
 OF 
 
 OLD AND NEW SARUM, 
 
 OR 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Jlutieut JltiMA 0^ iSatuiit, 
 
 jSali^burit. 
 
 K. Clapperton, Catherine Street. 
 Whittaker & Co., London.' 
 
0 T r I n 
 
 Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 
 
 https://archive.org/details/historicaldescriOOhatc 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 The materials from which these 'pages are drawn^ 
 were originally collected for the compilation of a regu- 
 lar History of Salisbury. That purpose has been 
 long relinquished. They are here compressed, with- 
 in the narrowest limits, which the nature of the 
 subject would allow, in the hope that such a Manual of 
 notes and references, might not be without its value, 
 to those who feel an interest, in the various objects of 
 Antiquity and Curiosity, which are to be found in this 
 City and neighbourhood. 
 
 The anonymous character of this little Volume, pre- 
 cludes the writer from making a particular acknowledg- 
 ment of the favours he has received. They are not, how- 
 ever, the less warmly felt, nor will they be the less grate- 
 fully remembered. Indeed, the facilities offered in the 
 course of his researches, have been highly flattering. It 
 is an avowal due to the liberal spirit, now generally pre- 
 vailing , among those who have the means of supplying 
 Historical arid Antiquarian information, to state, that 
 except in a single instance, and on a point too unim- 
 portant for notice, his inquiries have been received 
 with courtesy, and answered with the utmost frankness 
 and promptitude. 
 
 Salisbury, 
 
 June Ij 1834. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 9, line 16, for ‘‘rampart or ditch,’’ read << rampart and 
 dkch.” 
 
 Page 10, line 7, for ‘‘ movements,’’ read “ hostile movements*” 
 Page 12, line 8, for “ castramentation,” read ‘‘castrametation.” 
 Page 19, line 1, note, for “ Antiquates,’^ read ‘‘ Antiquitates.’’ 
 Page 29, line 3, note, for “ Antiquates,”, read Antiquitates.’, 
 Page 37, for ‘‘ justice,” read “ justness.’’ 
 
 Page 58, line 21, for ‘‘ Veruu,” read Vernu.” 
 
 Page 111, line 6, for composer of the Comus,” read “ Com- 
 poser of the music for the Comus,’' 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. Page 1—20. 
 
 Old Sarum a citj of the Belgae — Bardic circles of Arebury and 
 Stonehenge — Points of resemblance, in the Bardic and Hindoo 
 mythology— Invasion of the Romans — Sarum a Roman station- - 
 Military ways — Debarkation of the Saxons, under Cerdic and 
 Cyoric — Battles of Netley and Charford — Clerbury and Figbury 
 camps — Battle at Searobyrig — Ulterior progress of the Saxons — 
 Danish aggressions— Battle between Alfred and the Danes, near 
 Wilton — His order for the foitilication of Sarum — National assem- 
 bly held there by King Edgar — Account of Athelwolf and Efrida 
 
 Irruption of the Danish Sovereign, Swein — Plunder of Wilton 
 
 and Sarum — National assembly held at Sarum, by William the 
 Conqueror — Compilation of Domesday — State of Sarum, accord- 
 ing to that Record — National assemblies held here, by William 
 Rufus and Henry the First. 
 
 CHAPTER II. Page 21—38. 
 
 Transfer of the Episcopal See from Sherborne to Sarum — Ap- 
 pointment of Bishop Osmund— His erection and endowment of 
 the Cathedral — Regulations for Divine Service, and forms of 
 Chapter — The custody of the city committed to Bishop Roger — 
 His disgrace — Fate of the city and church, durng the contest 
 between Stephen and Maud — Conformation of the privileges of 
 the Establishment, by Henry the Second — Constitutions of Cla- 
 rendon — Permission of Richard the First, for holding a Tourna- 
 ment between Salisbury and Wilton — Conditions exacted from the 
 parties attending the Toarnamcnl — Confirmation of the privileges 
 of the Church, by King John — Design of removing the Cathedral 
 Establishment — Foundation of the New Cathedral — Death of 
 William Longspee, Earl ofS^alisbury — General description of the 
 New Cathedral. 
 
 CHAPTER III. Page 39—66. 
 
 Completion of the New Cathedral — Indulgencies granted to 
 those, who contributed to the fabric — Dispute between the Bishop 
 and citizens — Renunciation of their privileges — Accommodation 
 Renewal of the charter — Fortification of the city with a rampart — 
 Its growth, and internal arrangement — Division into parishes by 
 
11 . 
 
 Bishop de la Wyle — St Nicholas, St. Martin, St. Thomas, St. 
 Edmund — State of Old and New Sarum, as described in the Hun- 
 dred Rolls of Henry the Third and Edward the First — Bickerings 
 ofthe inhabitants of Old and Npw ^aruni and Wilton, relative to 
 their markets — Complaints against the incroachments of the Duke 
 ofGIoucester,as owner of Cranborne chase — Reasons for regarding 
 New Sarum, as a staple for wool — Parliament convened here, by 
 Edward the First — Conventual Establishments in New Sarum — 
 College or House ot St. Nicholas de Valle — Anecdote relative to 
 this Establishment — Demolition ofthe antient cathedral, by the 
 authority of Edward the Third — Proofs that the custody of Old 
 Sarum was annexed to the office of Sheriff' of Wilts — Imprison- 
 ment of the Countess of Kent and her children, at Old Sarum, 
 after the execution ot her husband — Order of Edward, for repair- 
 ing and garrisoning the fortress against the French — Its decline 
 — Granted to Lord Stoiirton — State in the time of Leland — Re- 
 verts to the crown — Regranted, with the Earldom of Salisbury, to 
 tlie family of Cecil<*Subsequent transfers — Actual condition. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. Page 68—82. 
 
 Litigation between the inhabitants of Salisbury and Wilton, re- 
 lative to the privilege of holding a market — State ofthe Ecclesias- 
 tical Establishments in Salisbury — Canonisation of Bishop Osmund 
 — Confraternity of the Chureh—- Visits of Henry the Fifth and 
 Sixth, to Salisbury— Execution of the Duke of Buckingham — 
 Changes in the Ecclesiastical Establishments at the time of the 
 Reformation — Visit of James the First— His Charter — Effects of 
 the Great Rebellion — Skirmish in Salisbury between the Royalists 
 and Parliamentarians — III fated attempt of the Royalists, under 
 Wagstafl'e, Penruddocke, and Grove — Regulations and effect of 
 the New Republican MaiTiage Act— Plan for rendering the Avon 
 navigable to Christchurch. 
 
 CHAPTER V. Page 83—106. 
 
 Charter granted by Charles the Second — Recal ofthe Charter, by 
 James the Second — His march to Salisbui’y, and retreat — Erection 
 of the Infirmary — Conflagration ofthe Council house — Attempt 
 to form a canal communication with Southampton^ — Decline of 
 the trade of the city — New County Gaol — Effect ofthe Reform 
 Bill — Election — -Churches, and other remarkable buildings — St. 
 Thomas’ — St. Edmund’s — The College — St. Martin’s — The 
 Council House— Poultry Cross — Antient apartment in the house 
 of Mr. Payne on the Canal — Other antient structures — Hospitals, 
 Alms’ houses, and Charities — Companies — Peculiar custom of the 
 Tailors — Endowed schools, and other Institutions. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. Page 107 — 
 
 Remarkable natives of Salisbury. 
 
111 . 
 
 CHAPTER VII. Page 119— 
 
 Early history of Wilton — Community of Jews established there 
 part of the jointure of Berengaria, Queen of Richard the First — 
 The Burgh granted to the Earl of Cornwall , brother of Henry the 
 Third — Afterwards in succession to the daughters of Edward the 
 First and Edward the Third — Abbey — Wilton House — Bemerton — 
 RoyalPalace of Clarendon — Notices relative to the Forest, and the 
 officers attached to it— Palace orManor— Restoration of the Regalia, 
 pledged for the release of Richard the First, to King John — Occa- 
 sional residence of Henry the Third, and of Edward the First, 
 Second and Third— Homage rendered there to Edward the Third, 
 as King of France, by the brother of the King of Navarre — Conse- 
 quent invasion of France — Victory ot Poitiers — Stay of Edward 
 and his Royal prisoners, John of France, and David of Scotland 
 — Visit of Richard the Second — Causes of its neglect, as a Royal 
 residence — Priory of Ivy Church — Clarendon Park — Amesbury — 
 Its Abbey — Profession of Mary, daughter of Edward the 
 First— Grants of Wilton and Corsham, for her maintainance — 
 Amesbury mansion — Lake House — Hele House — Concealment ol 
 Charles the Second here, alter the battle of Worcester — Wardou 
 Castle — Fonthill Abbey. 
 
 Earls of Salisbury and descent of the title, page 149. 
 
 Government of the City and Close, and members of the Cathedral 
 Establishment and Corporation, page 159* 
 
 Population of the City at different periods, page 162. 
 
 Post delivery of Salisbury, page 165. 
 
 Arrival and dispatch of the mails, page 166, 
 
: 'f ,r- 
 
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 ■1 
 
&iiiii'ir@iJ©AiL AM© ©[ii©i^]iPTii'^i 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OF 
 
 anK Keto Sarttm* 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The History of New Sarum or Salisbury, is intimately 
 connected with that of its parent city, Old Sarum. 
 
 Old Sarum was a fortress of the antient Britons or Celts, 
 the earliest known inhabitants of this Island. At the pe- 
 riod when Britain first finds a place in the pages of au- 
 thentic History, Old Sarum belonged to the Belgee, a 
 tribe supposed to be partly of German or Teutonic origin, 
 who according to the chronology of Richard of Cirencester,* 
 passed over into this country, about 296 years before the 
 invasion of Julius Csesar, and who appear to have occu- 
 pied a great portion of Wilts and Hants. 
 
 Of these people and their precursors, the primitive Celts, 
 many traces occur on our extensive plains. The numerous 
 barrows or tumuli, which were the burial places of their 
 distinguished dead, afford indications of every stage of 
 
 * The Description of Britain, translated from Richard of Ciren- 
 cester, with the original Treatise, and a Commentary on the Ro- 
 man Itinerary, by Mr. Hatcher of this City. 
 
2 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 society, from the rudest, to that which marks a certain 
 advance in civilisation. In these repositories, weapons of 
 various kinds have been found, of stone or bone, brass, 
 and iron; and ornaments of horn, glass, jet, amber, brass, 
 and in a very few instances of gold. Ii is, how^ever, re- 
 markable, that no Roman remains have been discovered ; 
 and consequently an inference may be drawn, that such 
 modes of interment must have been discontined, soon 
 after the Roman invasion.* 
 
 In the two Bardic circles of Avebury and Stonehenge, 
 we have monuments of their religious and civil ceremonies, 
 which at all times have furnished matter of wonder and 
 inquiry ; and though much has been done in elucidation 
 of our local antiquities, doubts are still entertained, as to 
 the age and real purpose of these singular structures. 
 That the circle at Avebury, of which only a small portion 
 now exists, may be considered as belonging to the remo- 
 test period, is evident from its ruder character alone; but 
 to Stonehenge must be ascribed, a date long posterior to 
 many of the barrows on the plain, from the working of the 
 stones, which could not have been accomplished, without 
 the use of iron.f 
 
 In regard to both circles, many circumstances have been 
 adduced, to prove their affinity to the early religious edi- 
 fices of the East. These did not escape the notice of the 
 
 For a minute detail of our local antiquities, see Sir R. C. 
 Hoare’s Antient Wiltshire, the most elaborate work of the kind 
 ever published in this Country. 
 
 f In corroboration of this inference, we may observe, that the 
 trench which surrounds Stonehenge, 0!i the north west side cuts 
 nearly through the centre of one of that class of barrows, in which 
 no metals are found. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 3 
 
 most learned and intelligent British antiquary]! since the 
 time of Lluyd. In a communication, made to the writer many 
 years ago, he observed ‘^The religion and manners of the 
 Indians and antient Britons, offer many things, wnich are 
 in themselves singular, and could scarcely have been 
 found at such a distance, except they were derived from 
 a common origin. Thus the tenet of transmigration, as 
 held in India, corresponds in its details, with what was pre- 
 served among the British Bards. In two countries so re- 
 mote from each other, the soul was believed to transmi- 
 grate towards perfection, through a series of existences: 
 even the same number of gradations was believed, in com- 
 mon, and the same number of Heavens. In language and 
 customs, also, a striking similarity appears. In the East, 
 a dying man is enjoined to hold the tail of his cow, that 
 his soul may pass to bliss; and a proverb to the same 
 effect is preserved in Welsh, though the cause has been 
 long forgotten. The greatest affront to a Hindoo, is to 
 wish disgrace to his beard. A similar form of malediction 
 still prevails in Wales. In India it is a degradation to a 
 woman to remain a widow; and the same prejudice was 
 antiently prevalent among the Welsh. The Yoges, or 
 ages of the world, were held in common, by the Bramin 
 and the Bard ; and there is even an identity in the term 
 itself. Menw, also, is a mythological character, distin- 
 guished by the same attributes, in India and in antient 
 Britain.’* 
 
 Whatever may be inferred as to the intercourse of the 
 more civilised nations with the Island of Britain, at a re- 
 mote period, it was, according to the avowal of Ceesar, 
 
 II W. Owen Pughe, Esq. author of the Welsh Dictionary* 
 
4 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 but imperfectly known to the Romans, even in his time ; 
 for he says, that none but merchants resorted hither, and 
 they possessed no acquaintance with the country, beyond 
 the coasts, and the parts opposite Gaul.* He indeed pene- 
 trated from some point on the South Eastern shore, as far 
 as the Thames, but he had little time or opportunity for 
 exploring the interior; and as Tacitus observes, he ra- 
 ther shewed the Island, than delivered it to his successors.f'' 
 In fact, the first Roman who gained a permanent footing 
 in Britain was Claudius; and it cannot be uninteresting, 
 even in the limited field of local history, to trace his move- 
 ments, and the progress of those, who prosecuted the en- 
 terprise begun by him. 
 
 According to Suetonius, he in a short period, without 
 battle or bloodshed, reduced a part of the Island ; and 
 within the space of six months, returned to Rome, to 
 receive the honours of a triumph. As he departed from 
 Gessoriacum, or Boulogne, like Julius Csesar, he doubt- 
 less effected his landing at the same point of the coast, 
 and penetrated to the Thames, by the same route. From 
 thence, his marches were evidently directed by the 
 British Watling and Icknield Streets ; and the districts, 
 which in the course of this expedition, submitted to the 
 Roman arms, may have comprised the greater part of the 
 counties to the South of the Humber, and East of the 
 Severn. 
 
 It would have been imprudent to advance farther north- 
 
 * Dc Bello Gallico lib. 4 Sect, 18. This passage deserves the 
 attentioo of those who imagine that the Pbcenicians had formed 
 settlements in Britain. 
 
 f 03 tendisse posteris, non tradidisse. Agric. See. 1 
 
 X Suetonius. Claudius Sect 17. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 .5 
 
 wards, while the hostile tribes of the West, weie threaten- 
 ing the rear, and impeding the communications of the 
 invaders. The following year, therefore, we find that Ves- 
 pasian, being sent with the second Legion into Britain, 
 fought thirty times with the enemy, and reduced to sub- 
 mission two powerful nations, and above twenty towns, 
 together with the Isle of Wight. In the Chronology of 
 Richard of Cirencester, the two nations are stated to be 
 the Bel^se and Damnonii. From these brief notices, it is 
 easy to trace the progress of the Romans. They must 
 have marched by the Icknield Street, through Winchester, 
 Old Sarum,§ Dorchester, and perhaps Exeter, and their 
 conquests must have comprised the larger portion of the 
 present counties of Hants, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, and 
 possibly of Devon and Cornwall. 
 
 The Romans, having thus reduced the Western part of 
 the Island, and secured themselves against an attack on 
 that side, proceeded two years afterwards, to occupy 
 Thermse and Glebon, or the posts at Bath and Glocester, 
 which commanded passages over the Avon, and the mid- 
 dle course of the Severn. The way was thus opened for the 
 invasion of Wales, whither they penetrated by the A kern an 
 Street, in the direction of Caerwent and Caerleon. The 
 
 * Sueton. Vespasianus Sect 4. Richard of Cirencester, Chro- 
 nology Sect 14. 
 
 § There appears reason to suppose, that the Romans subjugated 
 the Isle of Wight, by crossing the Avon below Salisbury, and tra- 
 versing what is now part of the New Forest, to the shore between 
 the Southampton Water and the Beaulieu or Exe. The entrench- 
 ments inclosed within the garden of the Moat House atDown ton, 
 were designed to cover the passage of the river at that point, and 
 were probably a Roman work. The supposition is corroborated by 
 the direction of the only Roman Road known in the Island, which 
 runs from Gurnet Bay, and forms the prolongation of a line, drawir 
 from Downton through the Forest. 
 
6 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 reduction of the Silures and Ordovices, and the capture, 
 by treachery, of their gallant leader Caractacus, after a 
 struggle of nine years, completed the reduction of South 
 and North Wales, and confirmed the Roman dominion 
 below the Humber. 
 
 During the progress of these events, the attention of the 
 Romans was steadily directed to the consolidation of 
 their power, by the erection of fortresses, and the forma- 
 tion of military ways. The central situation of Old Sanim 
 must have rendered it an object of particular and early 
 care. Accordingly, we find it in the Itineraries, un- 
 der the name of Sorbiodunum, and connected with the 
 surrounding stations by military ways. Of these, the 
 Icknield Street formed a communication, on one side with 
 Winchester, and on the other with Dorchester, the Venta 
 Belgarum and Durnovaria of the Itineraries; the Port 
 way with Silchester or Calleva ; a road not mentioned in 
 the Itineraries, with Bath or Wells; and possibly a simi- 
 lar road with Cunetio, the Roman post on the Rennet, 
 While Winchester, also, was distinguished by the 
 subordinate rank of a Stipendary Town, Old Sarum was 
 one of the ten British Cities, which were admitted to the 
 privileges of the Latian Law.^ 
 
 There is no information extant, respecting the fate of Old 
 Sarum and its neighbourhood, till after the decline of the 
 Roman power; but the Anglo Saxon documents, still 
 preserved, enable us, with little difficulty, to trace the pro- 
 gress of those warriors, who established the West Saxon 
 Kingdom, of which it afterwards formed a part. 
 
 * Translation of Richard of Cirencester p. 68, and Commentary 
 Iters 15. & 16. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 7 
 
 In 495 Cerdic and his son Cynric, with four ships, ef- 
 fected a landing at Cerdices Ore, where the Southampton 
 Water, on one side, and the Exe or Beaulieu river, on the 
 other, secured him from an attack on either flank ; and 
 where a Roman Road, leading from Bittern by Nursling 
 to the Isle of Wight, formed the means of communication, 
 through the district now called the New Forest.^ Accor- 
 ding to an antient Historianf the Britons strenuously re- 
 sisted his debarkation, and the combatants were only se- 
 parated by darkness. In this quarter he appears to have 
 maintained a footing for nine years, and employed the 
 interval, in strengthening his position, and augmenting his 
 force. At length, in 508, having drawn aid from Kent and 
 Sussex, he advanced into the interior, and was encoun- 
 tered by a host of Britons, under their leader, Natanleod. A 
 bloody battle ensued, and the Britons were defeated, with 
 the loss of 5000 men, and of their chief Natanleod, from 
 whom the country was called Natalega, as far as Cerdices 
 Ford § This spot is identified by the modern name of Net- 
 
 As this is not included in the Itineraries, and is now difficult 
 to be traced, we may render an acceptable service to the local an- 
 tiquary, by indicating its course. From Bittern a road ran through 
 Nursling, and traversed the Test, near the mill, from whence it 
 appears to have passed through the Forest, in the direction of 
 Ringwood. A fragment of it existed, till lately, in the vicinity 
 ofTatchbury. From this line, and near this spot, branched off 
 the road leading to the Isle of Wight. Its course was S.E. in the 
 line ol the present road from Fling to Beaulieu. It then contin- 
 ued through the Forest, towards the inclosures of Little Holbury, 
 was afterwards lost, but reappeared in a meadow beyond Great 
 Holbury, and proceeded by Hopley Hill and Stanswood to Stone. 
 From thence was a passage across the channel to the Island. On 
 the other side, it was found again at Rue Street, passed to the West 
 of Carisbrook Castle, was distinguished in a held beyond, called 
 North Field, and ran by Sheat to some point on the southern coast. 
 
 § Henry of Huntingdon, p. 312. 
 
 f Of this battle a particular account is given by Henry of Hun- 
 tingdob, but without any description of the locality, — Saxon 
 Chronicle. 
 
8 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 ley, situated at the intersection of the Roman Road from 
 Stanes Ore point, and that leading from Bittern to 
 Ringwood. The remains of an encampment, on the neigh- 
 bouring elevation, called Tatchbury Mount, may be con- 
 sidered as indicating the scene of a conflict. 
 
 In 514 Cerdic received a reinforcement, under Wightar 
 and Stuff, his nephews, who like him landed at Cerdices 
 Ore, with three ships, and fought with the Britons. At all 
 events, in the year 519 he penetrated still farther into the 
 country, and defeated the Britons at a place, which was 
 called Cerdices Ford. The object of this conflict was to 
 secure the passage of the Wiltshire Avon ; and the spot 
 is now indicated, by the modern name of Charford§ near 
 Downton. So important and decisive was the victory, 
 that it is commemorated as the first establishment of the 
 West Saxon Kingdom .|| 
 
 In 527 Cerdic and Cynric are said to have defeated the 
 Britons, at a place called Cerdicesleah or Cerdic’s field. 
 This spot has not been identified, but the antiquary might 
 perhaps seek it with success, towards the lower course of 
 the Avon. 
 
 Three years afterwards, Cerdic and Cynric landed on 
 the Isle of Wight, and slew many men at Wightgaiabyrig, 
 or Carisbrook. The spot distinguished by this battle sufld- 
 
 § Ethelwerd expressly slates the battle to have taken place on 
 the Avon. “In loco qui Cerdisforda nuncupatur, in fluvio Avene.” 
 This coincidence of the name, in one author, with the circum- 
 stances, as related by others, of a different age, is worth whole 
 pages of argument. Chronicon Ethelwerdi. p. 834. 
 
 II The Anglo Saxon expression is remarkable. “Sitthan ricsadon 
 West Seaxna cyne-bearn of tham dage.” From that day reigned 
 the children of the West Saxon Kings. S. C. Anno 519. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 9 
 
 ciently proves, that the march of the Saxons was guided 
 by the Roman military way. 
 
 In 534 Cerdic died. His nephews Stuff and Wightar 
 received the Isle of Wight ; and Cynric, his son and com- 
 panion in arms, succeeded to his hopes and possessions, 
 on the opposite coast of Hampshire. 
 
 Cynric appears to have employed an interval of several 
 years, in consolidating his power ; for it was not till 552, 
 that he again advanced into the country. He then gained 
 a victory over the Britons, at Searobyrig, or Old Sarum. 
 
 To those who are acquainted with the locality, there 
 cannot remain a reasonable doubt, that the neigh- 
 bouring camps of Clerbury and Figbury mark the course 
 of this irruption. The first is an entrenchment nearly 
 circular, about two hundred paces in diameter, formed of 
 a single rampart or ditch, with an entrance towards the 
 South West. It crowns the summit of a gradually swel- 
 ling hill, commanding a prospect of great extent on every 
 side, and peculiarly adapted to the Saxon mode of cas- 
 tramentation. It overlooks the stream of the Avon, and 
 the bold declivities beyond, to a considerable distance; 
 and might communicate by beacon lights, with the camp 
 at Tatcbury. Figbury* ring, or camp, is of the same 
 circular shape ; in diameter, rather more than three hun- 
 dred paces ; situated on a hill of similar character, and 
 equally commanding, though in a different direction. 
 It seems to have been formed by two successive excava- 
 tions, as if a numerous reinforcement of troops had unex- 
 
 ^ We need not detain the reader with an examination ofthe rea- 
 sons, which induced Stukely to assign this camp to Constantius 
 Chlorus, the father of Constantine the Great. 
 
10 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 pectedly joined the first occupants. The ditch only of 
 an inner work is left, the earth having apparently been 
 transported, to raise the outer bulwark, which is concen- 
 tric, and of much larger dimensions. It might commu- 
 nicate by signals with the station at Clerbury. 
 
 Judging by those invariable principles, which govern 
 the movements of large bodies of men, under all circum- 
 stances, the Saxons must have formed the camp at Cler- 
 bury, immediately after the battle at Charford. Yet 
 though victorious, they vvould not have ventured, by fol- 
 lowing the direct line of the Icknield Street, to entangle 
 themselves in the transverse vallies of the Nadder and the 
 Avon, where a determined enemy might find numerous 
 resources for defence. They must, therefore, have left a 
 detachment at Clerbury, to maintain their footing beyond 
 the river, and observe the subjacent country; while the 
 main body filed among the ridges, skirting the Avon and 
 the Bourn, and established itself at Figbury. From the 
 peculiarities of that camp, it is even probable, that so de- 
 sirable a position, was pre-occupied by a detachment. 
 The Saxons were thus masters of the communications 
 Southward, Eastwaid, and Northward of Old Sarum, and 
 reduced the Britons to risk the chances of a battle, on the 
 comparatively open and disadvantageous ground, between 
 that fortress and the streamlet of the Bourn. 
 
 The next advance of the Saxon Chieftains was in 556 
 to Beranbyrig, where a battle again took place. This 
 spot antiquaries appear to have rightly identified with 
 Barbury Castle, on Ogbourn Down, north of Marlbo- 
 rough. In 577 the Saxons again vanquished a combined 
 British army at Deorham, probably Durham, in Clou- 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 11 
 
 cestershire ; and they soon followed the example of the 
 Romans, by occupy inj^ the thiee important stations of 
 Bath, Cirencester, and Gloucester. 
 
 In the year 823, a conflict is supposed to have occurred 
 in this neighbourhood, between Bernwulf King of Mer- 
 cia, and Egbert King of the West Saxons. This is, 
 however, no otherwise remarkable, than as having given 
 rise to much investigation, in order to establish the iden- 
 tity of Wilton and Ellendune, where in the Saxon 
 Chronicle, the battle is said to have taken place. f 
 
 No mention of Old Sarum occurs during the remainder 
 of the Saxon period, until the invasion of the Danes, in 
 the reign of Alfred the Great. During the course of his 
 numerous struggles with these depredators, he in the year 
 871 engaged them, on the high ground near Wilton. 
 Though at the head of a far inferior force, he maintained 
 the contest the greater part of the day, and even compelled 
 the enemy to retreat ; but his troops too eagerly pursuing 
 their advantage, were attacked while in disorder, and 
 obliged to quit the field. § They were, however, baffled, 
 rather than defeated ; for the Danes withdrew to London, 
 where they established their quarters for the winter. In an- 
 ticipation, or in consequence of this event, the provident 
 monarch gave a proof of his anxiety, for the safety of so 
 important a post as Old Sarum, where the Roman fortifi- 
 
 f Saxon Chronicle 823. The identity of Wilton and Ellendune 
 is not a point of much moment ; but if it were, it is far from 
 being unquestionable. 
 
 § The Saxon Chronicle has been followed for the different pe- 
 riods here mentioned. — Asser Vita ^Elfredi, whose information 
 appears to have been derived from Alfred himself, and who des- 
 cribes with great complacency, many of the spots illustrated by 
 the exploits of his royal patron, p. 25. — Henry of Huntingdon. 
 
12 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 cations had probably become dilapidated. He issued an 
 order, to Leofric Earl of Wiltunscire, not only to pre- 
 serve the Castle of Sarum, but to make another ditch, 
 defended by pallisades ; and enjoined all who dwelt about 
 the castle, as well as his other subjects, to apply to the 
 work.f The ditch here mentioned, doubtless formed what 
 is now called the second ring, which exhibits the charac- 
 teristics of the later Saxon castramentation, especially in 
 the expedient, adopted to give the advantage of a flank 
 defence to the little outwork, covering the main entrance. jj 
 
 Old Sarum shared the calamities of the western district, 
 during the long and arduous struggle with the Danes ; ' and 
 about the year 960 it was selected by King Edgar, for 
 the assembly of a great council, to devise the means of 
 repelling their attacks. 
 
 To this proceeding we must more particularly call the 
 
 f Price’s Survey of the Cathedral, p. 42. 
 
 The duties of the Saxon Earl or Eorl, appear to have compri- 
 sed most of those now attached to the office of Lord Lieutenant 
 of a county. The document here quoted, may be considered as 
 indicating that connection, which we shall hereafter shew to have 
 existed, between the office of Vicecoraes, or Sheriff of Wilts, and 
 the Custody of the Castle of Old Sarum. 
 
 II Sir John Spelman has better discriminated the peculiarities of 
 the Roman and Saxon systems of castramentation, than later 
 antiquaries. 
 
 These camps, or fortifications, he observes, are always round , 
 as those of the Romans were quadrilateral. The round form, in- 
 deed, of the Northern nations seems preferable to the squares 
 of the Romans; not only because the circle is the most capacious 
 of figures, but because its vallum is stronger, and better fitted for 
 resistance ; because the several parts mutually support each other; 
 and because it can be better defended, by a small number. The 
 Saxon camp had only one entrance, which was fortified with a 
 vallum and ditch, placed before it, or it was opposite to a stream, 
 to whit h branches were carried for covering the watering. When 
 camps were formed, at such a distance from a stream, that branches 
 could not be carried so far, pits were sunk within the vallum, 
 where there was the greatest declivity, in order to collect the rain 
 water. Spelman Vita Aluredi p. 58, 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 13 
 
 attention of the reader, from its connection with one of those 
 tragical events, which too often occur in our early annals. 
 On the character of Edgar we will not here expatiate. It 
 will be sufficient to observe, that in the gratification of 
 his licentious passions, he appears to have been restrain- 
 ed by no law, human or divine. After the death of his 
 queen Elfleda, his attention was roused, by rumours of the 
 beauty of Elfrida, daug’hter of Orgar Earl of Devonshire. 
 He accordingly dispatched his favourite and confidant, 
 a noble of the name of Athelwolf, to visit the father of 
 the lady, and to ascertain whether her charms really de- 
 served the admiration they had awakened. He is even 
 said to have announced an intention of raising her to his 
 throne, if she appeared intitled to such a distinction. 
 Athelwolf executed his delicate commission, and found 
 report far short of the reality. He was so deeply smitten 
 with the beauty of Elfrida, that his love overcame his fi- 
 delity to his trust. Determined if possible, to obtain her 
 hand, he acquainted the king on his return, that her fea- 
 tures were indeed attractive, but her shape was deformed. 
 Having thus diverted the views of Edgar, he took a con- 
 venient opportunity of representing, that although un- 
 worthy to become the consort of a King, her rank and 
 wealth rendered her a desirable match for himself. He 
 thus obtained not only the consent, but the support of 
 his royal master, in the prosecution of his suit; and in a 
 short time his wishes were crowned, 1>y the possession of 
 his mistress. 
 
 Different accounts are given, as to the time and man- 
 ner, in which Edgar became aware of the deception prac- 
 tised by his favourite. It is certain, that at the period, 
 
14 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 when the council abovementioned was about to assemble, 
 he had taken the resolution of visiting the castle of Athel- 
 wolf. Unable to decline the preferred honour, yet dread- 
 ing its consequences, the favourite requested permission 
 to precede the royal guest, a few hours, in order to pre- 
 pare for his reception. Of this brief interval he availed 
 himself, to disclose the secret to Elfrida ; and implored 
 her to conceal as much as possible that fatal beauty, 
 which had triumphed over his duty to his sovereign. 
 
 Elfrida, little grateful to her husband, for a passion 
 which had deprived her of a crown, promised compliance ; 
 but appeared before the monarch, with ail the advanta- 
 ges of the richest attire, and most engaging demeanour. 
 Edgar was facinated with her charms ; and instantly re- 
 solved to sacrifice the man, who was a bar to the gratifi- 
 cation of his wishes, and by whose duplicity his purpose 
 had been originally frustrated. 
 
 At the council of Sarum, Athelwolf was appointed to 
 take charge of the defence of York, and the adjacent 
 country, against the Danes. While preparing to assume 
 this command, he was waylaid and murdered, by the emis- 
 saries of the king, in the neighbouring forest of Wherwell. 
 The news of his death was no sooner announced, than 
 Edgar summoned Elfrida to court, and their nuptials were 
 celebrated with unusual pomp and magnificence. We 
 need scarcely remind the reader, that after the death of 
 her husband, this ambitious woman, was guilty of the 
 murder of her son in law, Edward the Martyr, which was 
 perpetrated by her directions, at the gate of her own re- 
 sidence, and under the guise of hospitality. 
 
 In 1003 when the Danish chieftain Svein, with a pow- 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 15 
 
 erful armament, came to avenge the massacre of his country- 
 men, the west of England was exposed to the first effects of 
 his fury. Landing in the Exe, he despoiled Exeter, of which 
 he obtained possession by treachery. Then spreading his 
 predatory hordes over the country, like a swarm of locusts, 
 he advanced to this district of Wiltshire.* The men of 
 Wilts and Hants were collected to resist his progress, 
 under the Ealdorman Elfric ; but at the moment of join- 
 ing battle, the commander, v;ho had previously shewn 
 himself a traitor, feigned sickness, and the troops retreated 
 in distrust and dismay. Wblton was plundered and burnt 
 by the vindictive Dane ; and according to the accounts of 
 some writers, Old Sarum shared the same fate.f How 
 far it may have suffered from his exactions, cannot now 
 be ascertained ; but at all events the Ecclesiastical Esta- 
 blishments within a few years were restored ; for a grant 
 ofEditha, relict of King Edward the Confessor, confer- 
 red the lands of Sheorstan on the Nuns of St. Mary. 
 Sarum seems also, at this time, to have enjoyed the pri- 
 vilege of a mint ; for a coin of Edward the Confessor has 
 been preserved, bearing an inscription, which shews it to 
 have been struck by Godred at Sarum. || 
 
 At no distant period from the conquest, Sarum attained 
 a high degree of Historical interest. In 1085 the yet un- 
 stable throne of the Conqueror, was threatened with a for- 
 midable attack, by the combined forces of Cnute the fourth, 
 king of Denmark, and his father in law Robert Earl of Flan- 
 ders. To meet this attack, William hastened from the conti- 
 nent, and drew from thence a stipendary army of Francs and 
 
 ^ Huntingdon p. 360. 
 
 f Saxon Chronicle. Huntingdon, p. 427. 
 
 II Price’s Survey of the Cathedral. 
 
16 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Bretons, with some of his own troops. The danger was thus 
 averted . Aware, however, that efficient arrangements were 
 necessary, to replace that admirable system of defence, de- 
 vised by King Alfred, he convened an assembly of the 
 prelates, nobles and sheriffs, at Old Sarum ; and obtained 
 from them, not only an oath of fidelity, but a pledge, 
 according to the principle of the feudal system, to defend 
 him, as their lord, against all enemies, foreign or domes- 
 tic. If we may rely on the authority of a chronicler, who 
 wrote within a century of the time, this law led, in the 
 ensuing year, to the formation of that antient and au- 
 thentic Register of property, called Domesday Book.g 
 
 From this Record we obtain explicit information on the 
 condition of our parent city. Sarum is mentioned as pro- 
 ducing to the King, six pounds from the third penny, 
 twenty shillings from half the profits of a mill, and sixty 
 pounds by weight, from the augmented tax, which was 
 paid through the hands of the Sheriff.f In another entry, 
 the Bishop is described as holding the manor, which was 
 taxed in the time of Edward the Confessor, at fifty hides, 
 making thirty two carucates. Of this land, ten hides are 
 stated to have been held in demesne, or in his own hands, 
 comprising eight carucates. There were also twenty five 
 villeins, and fifty borderers, with seventeen carucates. 
 In the manor there were four mills, of forty shillings and 
 seven pence value, and half a mill, of thirty shillings. The 
 meadow amounted to one hundred and forty two acres. 
 The pasture was twenty quaran tense or furlongs long, and 
 
 § Henry of Huntingdon p. 460. Blackstone B. 2. Ch. 4. 
 
 § We may state as a standard of comparison, that from this 
 third penny, Marlborough produced six pounds, Cricklade five, 
 Malmesbury six, and Bath eleven. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 17 
 
 one wide. The wood four quarantenee long and two wide. 
 Of this manor it is said, Edward holds five hides, Otho 
 five hides, Hugo three, wanting one Virgate. Those 
 who held them in the time of King Edward, could not 
 be separated from the service of the bishop. Five 
 carucates are in demesne, with three villeins, and seven- 
 teen borderers, with two carucates. The domain of the 
 Bishop is valued at forty seven pounds; and that of his 
 men at seventeen pounds ten shillings.f 
 
 f Villeins, Villani, supposed to be that class of tenants, who were 
 attached to the soil, so called from the word Villa. 
 
 Borderers, Bordarii, boors, considered as holders of a cottage, 
 with a small portion of husbandry land. The word is said to be 
 derived from Bord, Saxon, a cottage or house. 
 
 Men, Homines, all classes of feudatory tenants. 
 
 The Hide was an uncertain portion of land, and probably sig- 
 nitied a different quantity, at different times, and in different 
 places. The w ord Jamilia used by Bede, is rendered into Saxon, 
 by King Alfred, by the term hyda landes. Spelman considered it 
 to be the quantity, which could be cultivated by one plough in a 
 year. In the Dialog, de Scaccaria it is said to be 100 acres, by 
 Malmesbury 96. In the time of Henry 2. it was estimated at 64 
 acres, in that of Edward 1. at 112. 
 
 The word hide has been eroneously derived from the Saxon 
 hydan to cover. In fact, the term haith is found in the Mseso- 
 Gothie of Ulfilas, the oldest form of the Teutonic language, in 
 the general signification attached to the word field, as Blomans 
 haithios flowers of the field. Matt. 6. v. 28. Haithios haldan 
 Sweina, to keep swine in the field. Luc. 15. v. 15. In the 
 Theotisc the corresponding term heyd is found, to signify a field 
 rich in grass and flowers. As the Anglo Saxon has nyda landes^ 
 so the collateral Frisian dialect has hoene lands, with the same 
 signification. In the Danish, also, we find hoed, in the Swedish 
 hed, in the Islandic heidi, all bearing nearly the like import. From 
 hence we may derive the word heide, of the later dutch and German, 
 signifying a desert, sterile, or uncultivated land, or in the com- 
 mon English acceptation, a heath. 
 
 The carucate is a w^ord of Norman origin, from charrue a 
 plough. It is supposed to denote such a quantity of land, as 
 could be cultivated with one plough, in a year, including meadow 
 and pasture, and the necessary dwellings and shelter for the 
 
 C 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 It has been imagined, that the town or fortress was 
 given by the conqueror, to Edward mis-called Earl of Salis- 
 bury, of the family of Devereux, but without foundation, 
 Edward of Salisbury, as he is styled in Domesday, is men- 
 tioned as Sheriff, and as receiving certain profits in that 
 capacity. Although, however, the different heads of his 
 income are minutely specified, even to the number of eggs 
 and the quantity of honey; and although his possessions 
 in Wiltshire, are separately recapitulated, he is not des- 
 
 labourcrs and cattle. In Domesday it usually bears a certain pro- 
 portion to the hide ; and in some places, they appear to be identified. 
 In the Monasticon, acarucate, in the time of Rich. 1. is reckoned, 
 in one place, at 60 acres, in anolher at 100. At Bicester, Oxon, 
 a carucate is described as 1 12 acres, and two carucates at Mid*^ 
 dleton are represented as 300 acres. 
 
 The Virgate, or Yard land was differentat different places. It 
 is supposed that the hide of Domesday consisted of 4 Virgates, 
 Agard observes that a yard land at Frndon was 60 acres, and 30 
 at Tyd. In the time ofHen. 5. it is variously stated, according 
 to Dr. Nash at 30., 18 and even 15 acres. 
 
 Acra, the Acre was 40 perches long and 4 broad. The Norman 
 acre different from the Saxon. 
 
 Perea, pertica, the perch, is stated, in different places, at 16 and 
 20 feet. 
 
 The Quarantena of Domesday, is principally applied to woodland. 
 It was the furlong, and derived from the french quarante forty, 
 being a measure of 40 perches. 
 
 The Pound, Mark, and Shilling of Domesday are considered as 
 money of account. The penny, which was probably the unit used 
 in computing other monies, contained in the time of Edward the 
 First, a quantity ot silver, in weight equal to 30 grains of wheat, 
 taken from the middle of the ear. Twelve of these pence made 
 the Norman Shilling; thirteen shillings and four pence the silver 
 mark, and twenty shillings the pound. 
 
 For a more particular inquiry into these and other points, the 
 reader may consult Wyndham^s Wiltshire from Domesday; the 
 Index to Domesday, published under the authority of parliament, 
 by Mr. Ellis ; and the Glossaries attached to our anlient Chroni- 
 clers, and to the Leges Anglo Saxonicae of Wilkins; — AlsotlicGlos- 
 saries of Schilter and Waohter, of Kilian, the Anglo Saxon Dic- 
 tionary of Lye, and the Dictionary of Meidinger. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 19 
 
 cribed as the holder of a single tenement in the fortress, 
 nor of a single foot of land in the manor.* 
 
 Two other great national Councils were subsequently 
 held at Sarum. The cause of the first was the detection 
 of a conspiracy formed in 1095 against William Rufus, 
 apparently to establish the birth right of his elder brother 
 Robert. With his characteristic decision, he attacked 
 and broke the forces of the conspirators, at the head of 
 which were Robert Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, 
 and William de Owe or Eu, a possessor of extensive do- 
 mains in this county; and calling a great Council at 
 Sarum, he brought them to judgment. Mowbray was 
 imprisoned for life, d’Eu being conquered in a trial by bat- 
 tle, underwent a most cruel punishment ; and the inferior 
 conspirators suffered in different degrees, according to 
 their supposed guilt.f 
 
 The second national Assembly was held here 1116. 
 Its object was to exact from the prelates and nobles of all 
 England, an oath of fidelity to the heir apparent|| who 
 
 =*= Dr. Ledwich, the learned author of the Antiquates Sarisbu- 
 rienses, has fallen into a singular error, respecting this entry in 
 Domesday. Taking only the taxation of fifty hides, without any 
 reference to the other particulars, he is much embarrassed, as he 
 might well be, to find that quantity of ground within the circuit 
 of Old Sarum. His respectable authority has misled others. 
 
 The writer of these pages has spared no research, to ascertain the 
 original boundaries of the Manor of Sarum, though without suc- 
 cess. J udging from the features of the ground, he is inclined to 
 believe, that the Icknield Street was the limit to the North, and 
 the Avon to the West ; but where it touched the other lands of the 
 Bishop in Milford, he has not been able to discover. 
 
 f Simeon Dunelmensis de Gestis Regum Anglorum, p. 222. 
 Bolton’s Extinct Peerage, p. 207. 
 
 II From the unsettled notions, which then prevailed relative to 
 the right of succession, or rather from the occasional disregard of 
 such right, this expedient was sometimes resorted to, within a cer- 
 tain period of the conquest, as well as the coronation of the Soa 
 during the life time of the father. 
 
20 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 shortly afterwards perished hy shipwreck, in returning 
 from Normandy. Its interference was also required, to 
 settle a question of precedency, between the rival pre- 
 lates of Canterbury and York.* 
 
 The City of Sarum derived additional consequence 
 from the establishment of a Royal Residence at Claren- 
 don, a spot judiciously selected by the Norman Sove- 
 reigns, for the advantage of a safe and speedy commu- 
 nication with their continental territories. § 
 
 ♦ Eadmcr. L’abbe, V. 10, p. 811. 
 
 § For diflerent parts of this Chapter, besides the works specially 
 quoted, reference has been made to Gough’s Camden, Art. Wilts, 
 HanU, Dorset and Devon. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 The most important event in the History of our City, 
 and that which most permanently operated on its interests, 
 was the transfer of the Episcopal See from Sherborne 
 hither. This was effected by BLshop Herman, in virtue 
 of the decree passed at a Synod, held by Lanfrank, Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, for the removal of Episcopal Sees 
 from obscure places, to considerable towns.* In the 
 general policy of the conqueror towards the English 
 Church, it is not difficult to trace a motive for this altera- 
 tion. It was in fact a part of the system, which he regu- 
 larly pursued, to weaken the local and personal influence 
 of the native Saxon priesthood. 
 
 By some. Bishop Herman is said to have commenced 
 the erecuon of a Cathedral ; but the prelate to whom our 
 Ecclesiastical Establishment is most deeply indebted, was 
 Osmund, Lord of Seez, in Normandy, who had accom- 
 panied the conqueror to England, in a military capacity, 
 was many years his chancellor, and was rewarded for his 
 services, with high honours and extensive possessions. 
 Assuming the clerical character, and succeeding to the 
 
 * Herman is designated as Bishop of Sherborne, in a council 
 held in 1072 and as Bishop of Sarum, in a second held in 1075, 
 Hence the transfer must have occurred in 1073 or 1074. L’abbe. 
 V. 9, p. 1212, V. 10. p. 34S. 
 
22 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Episcopal office, on the death of Herman, he endowed 
 his new See with his secular property; and built the ca- 
 thedral at Old Sarum, which he connected with a struc- 
 ture of the Saxon sera, then existing, and dedicated to 
 the Blessed Virgin. On the 5^/i of April 1092, it was 
 consecrated by Osmund, with the assistance of Walkeline, 
 Bishop of Winchester, and John of Bath.* The same 
 year, the roof w^as thrown down, by a violent tempest, 
 W'hich occasioned ^reat damage in many parts of England. f 
 
 Osmund assigned a liberal maintenance, for a Dean, 
 thirty two Canons secular, four Archdeacons, two for 
 Wilts, and two for Berks and Dorset, and for a compe- 
 tent number of choristers, together with subordinate min- 
 isters and officers. ' 
 
 The cathedral is supposed to have stood on the North 
 Western side of the fortress, near the fragment of the 
 outer wall, which yet remains. Of its style and orna- 
 ments, some indications may be seen, in the wall of the 
 present Close, below St Ann’s G^je.H If from such scanty 
 data, we could venture to institute a comparison, we 
 might regard it as a])proaching in character, to the origi- 
 nal portion of the Abbey Church at Romsey. 
 
 Osmund composed a book of Customs, or Regulations 
 
 ^ The incident is thus commemcrated in the rhymed Chronicle 
 of Robert of (llocesler, p. 416. 
 
 “So gret lytynge was the vyfte ger, so that al to nogt, 
 
 “The rof the chyrch ofSalesbury vt broute, 
 
 “Rygt euene, the vyfle day that he yhalwed was.’’ 
 
 fBrornpton, p. 976. Knyghlon, p. 2364. 
 
 II These fragments are undoubtedly Norman; those seen over 
 the North gate, may have belonged to a still more antieni 
 fitructure^ 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 n 
 
 for the performance of Divine Service, and the duties of 
 the church in general, one article of which is here given, 
 to shew his attention, even to the minutest details. 
 
 The Treasurer is enjoined, on the first Sunday in Advent, 
 to deliver four wax lights at vespers, mattins, and meiss ; 
 two for the High Altar, and two for the step before the 
 Altar. The same on Palm Sunday, and on other Sun- 
 days, only two, but at the mass four. On the feast of 
 the Nativity, both at vespers and mass, eight lights, each 
 of cne pound at least, two before the image of the Blessed 
 Virgin, and six before the Holy Relics, Crucifix and im- 
 ages. On the chandelier before the step, five of half a 
 pound each, and five on the wall, behind the desk, for 
 reading the lessons. The same rule to be observed, in 
 nil double feasts, with processions, from Pentecost to the 
 Nativity of the Virgin, and at that Nativity, seven lights 
 in brass candlesticks. On other remarkable feasts, four 
 about the altar, and two before the image of the Virgin. 
 At Vespers and Mass, three besides on the chandelier, 
 and three behind the reading desk. Also one before the 
 altar of St. Martin, and one before the door of the Choir. 
 
 Some of the ceremonies observed in the Chapter and 
 Choir, may not perhaps, even at this distant period, be 
 deemed undeserving of attention. 
 
 In Chapter, at the right hand of the Bishop sat the 
 Dean, then the Chancellor, the Archdeacons of Dorset 
 and Wilts, and the subdean. On the left the Precentor, 
 the Treasurer, the Archdeacon of Wilts, and the sub- 
 chanter. Next to them the Canons piiests, then the 
 
 § Customary of Bishop Osmund MS. Bishop’s Records. 
 
u 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Canons deacons, of the second form, afterwards the dea- 
 cons, subdeacons, and minor orders of clerks. The boys, 
 whether Canons or not, were to remain in the area. The 
 first boy was to read from the Martyrologyy or 
 ox autem DomineT After the reading, deaths, if 
 any had occurred, were to be announced, and the assem- 
 bly responded “May their souls rest in fence'* The boy 
 was then to descend from the desk, and read the Table, 
 or order of the service. 
 
 In the Choir, near the door, on the right, was the seat 
 of the Dean, on the left that of the Chanter. On the East, 
 or right hand, the Chancellor, and opposite, the Treasurer. 
 Next after the Dean, the Archdeacon of Dorset, and 
 then the subdean. Next after the Chancellor, the Arch- 
 deacon of Wilts. In the interval, the Canons highest in 
 dignity, then the vicars priests, and by dispensation, a few 
 deacons, distinguished for rank. On the second form, 
 the younger Canons, then the deacons, and afterwards 
 the rest of the clerks. The boys were to take place with 
 the canons, on the first form. The Canons, on entering 
 the Choir, if on the East, were to bow to the altar, and 
 then to the Bishop. If on the West, to bow to the altar, 
 and then to the Dean ; and to observe the same ceremony, 
 on quitting the Choir. 
 
 If a Canon often absented himself, at the daily sacri- 
 fice of the mass, or at the canonical hours, without a 
 cause, and did not amend on admonition, he was to pros- 
 trate himself before the Dean and his brethren, in Chap- 
 ter, and solicit pardon. If he was guilty of disobedience 
 or rebellion, he was to be degraded from his stall, and 
 to do penance, by standing at the door of the Choir, 
 
UALISBURY. 
 
 among the lowest of the boys, according to the degree 
 of his offence.il 
 
 Our antient city may, however, be considered as 
 having attained its highest splendour, under Bishop Ro- 
 ger, the successor of Osmund, and the favourite minister 
 of Henry the First. He was not only raised to the See, 
 but intrusted with the custody of the fortress, and em- 
 ployed his wealth and power, in repairing and improving 
 the fortifications, and embellishing the Episcopal residence 
 and Cathedral* “His church of Salisbury,” says a con- 
 temporary writer, “he both made aiiew, and embellished 
 with ornaments, so that it yielded to none, and surpassed 
 many in England.^f He obtained from the Sovereign, 
 a comprehensive charter, confirming and extending the 
 possessions and privileges of the Ecclesiastical Establish- 
 ment, granting various immunities to the Canons, and 
 their dependents, and to the City the privilege of a year- 
 ly Fair, for seven days, three before the feast of the 
 Virgin, the feast itself, and three days after. § 
 
 After the accession of Stephen, the prelate still retain- 
 ed influence sufficient to procure the Royal confirmation 
 of preceding concessions ; and especially the appropria- 
 tion of the churches of Odiham, Lys, and Brinkworth, 
 for the benefit of the School, attached to the Cathedral'll 
 
 II Customary of Bishop Osmund. 
 
 f Malmesbury. 
 
 ‘‘Castellum Salesberie, quod regii juris proprium esset, ab 
 Henrico rege impetratum, muro cinctum, cuslodias suae attrax- 
 erat.’* The only probable inference to be drawn from this enig- 
 matical language, is, that he surrounded the city with a wall. 
 
 § Charier of Henry the First, in the Bishop’s and Chapter 
 Records. 
 
 j| Charter of Stephen, Chapter Records. 
 
26 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 On the disgrace of Bishop Roger, the custody of the 
 fortress was resumed by the King. The members of the 
 Establishment were probably involved in the persecutions, 
 which brought their munificent prelate to the grave, Du- 
 ring the subsequent struggle for the Crown, between Ste- 
 phen and Maud, they shared the calamities incident to 
 to civil broils. Old Sarum was occupied by the adherents 
 of Maud, under the command of Robert Earl of Gloces- 
 ter. On the other hand Stephen came to Wilton, and to 
 straiten his antagonists, took post in the Nunnery there. 
 The Earl, however, marching from Salisbury, on the ap- 
 proach of darkness, suddenly rushed into Wilton, fired the 
 town in several places, and would have succeeded in sur- 
 prising and capturing the King, had he not sought safety in 
 a hasty and disgraceful flight. § 
 
 During this troubled interval, the property of the church 
 became the prey of the contending parties ; and as the 
 Canons of Sarum adhered to the Bishop of Winchester, 
 in his defections from Stephen to Maud, and from Maud 
 to Stephen, the Episcopal and Chapter lands were seized 
 by Maud, and not restored, till after her return to th 
 continent. II 
 
 On the accession of Henry the second, the possessions 
 and privileges of our Ecclesiastical Establishment, were 
 confirmed and extended. There can, however, be little 
 doubt, that the welfare and tranquillity of the city were 
 deeply affected by the struggle, which now occurred be- 
 tween the King and the Church, in the person of Arch- 
 
 § Chronica Gervasii. p. 1358. 
 
 II Grant of Maud, dated Faleise June 10, 1148, Chapter 
 Records. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 27 
 
 bishop Becket. The commencement of the controversy 
 arose from the criminal conduct of a priest, belonging to 
 the Diocese of Sarum ; and Joceline, then bishop, took a 
 leading part, in the arrangement of the celebrated Consti- 
 tutions of Clarendon, which were intended to circum- 
 scribe the usurpations of the papacy. For his share in 
 this transaction, and for his concurrence in the corona- 
 tion of Prince Henry, Joceline was twice visited with the 
 archiepiscopal sentence of excommunication, and was not 
 restored to his functions, till after the assassination of 
 Becket, and the consequent humiliation of the crown. § 
 
 The spirit of the age, encouraged by the example of 
 a warlike monarch, and actuated by religious, as well as 
 martial enthusiasm, sought occupation in the exercises of 
 Chivalry, and the pageantry of the tournament. Accor- 
 ding to an antient writer, the noble youths who aspired to 
 distinction, in feats of arms, had since the time of King 
 Stephen, been accustomed to seek those honours, on the 
 Continent, whrch they had no opportunity to win in their 
 native land. Richard the First, who had so effectually 
 tried the courage and energy of his subjects, in the recent 
 Crusade, was anxious that they should emulate the french, 
 in that dexterity and promptitude, which can only be ac- 
 quired and maintained by constant practice. 
 
 On this subject he now felt additional solicitude, be- 
 cause he was evidently about to renew the war with 
 France, in retaliation for the mortifications which he had 
 so repeatedly endured from his rival Philip. 
 
 § The pardon of Joceline, by the Papal Legates, is still pre- 
 lerved in the Chapter Records. 
 
•28 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 He accordingly, by a Letter patent, dated at Ville 
 Levesche, August22, 1 194, authorised his Justiciary, Hu- 
 bert, Archbishop of Canterbury, to make arrangements for 
 holding tournaments in several places, namely between 
 Sarum and Wilton, between Warwick and Kenilworth, 
 between Stamford and Warringford, between Brakely 
 and Nixeberry, and between Blye and Tykehill. The pre- 
 late was directed to provide two clerks and iwo knights, 
 at each place, to receive the oaths of the nobles, who 
 were desirous of displaying their skill ; and certain fees, 
 according to the rank of the candidates^ were established for 
 the exercise of this privilege, namely for an Earl twenty 
 marks, for a Baron ten, for a Knight with lands four, and 
 for a Knight without lands, or an adventurer, two marks. 
 
 The terms of the oath, which was exacted from the par- 
 ties frequenting the tournaments, are not without interest, 
 as an authentic illustration of the manners and habits 
 of the age. 
 
 In going to the tournament, or in returning therefrom, 
 no earl, baron, or other person was to take any thing by 
 the way, unjustly, or without leave, neither victual nor 
 other provisions, but to purchase all necessaries, at a reason- 
 able market. No one was to exact any forfeiture, by himself 
 or others ; nor according to his ability, to vex, or permit any 
 one to be vexed. If he found any one offending, he was, if 
 able, to redress the wrong, and if unable, he was to report it 
 to the Barons, who had been duly sworn to preserve the 
 peace of the King, during the tournament, that by their 
 judgment right might be done. 
 
 The Earls, Barons, and others, frequenting the tour- 
 naments, were to swear also, that they would hold therr - 
 
SALISBURY, 
 
 29 
 
 selves amenable to their Lord the King, and to his chief 
 Justicary; that they would preserve his peace, uninjured 
 and unbroken, and in their going and returning, as far 
 as in their power lay, would especially abstain from injury 
 to the king’s forests, or his markets. That they would 
 commit no wrong themselves, nor suffer wrong to be done 
 by their followers; and if any thing unjustly done, were 
 reported to the Barons, sworn to preserve the peace, they 
 would amend it, according to their decree. 
 
 If any one was under agreement, or serving another, 
 whatsoever he might be, he was to enjoy a legal truce, 
 during the tournament, as well as in going and returning; 
 and the party refusing to grant such truce, was either to 
 be compelled to do so, or to be prohibited from joining in 
 the tournament. 
 
 All were to swear, that they would not tourney before 
 they had discharged the fees due to the King; and if 
 they found any one tourneying, without having so paid, 
 they were bound to take him into custody, and to deli- 
 ver him to the King’s bailiff, that he might abide the judg- 
 ment of the Royal Justiciary.* 
 
 The local connections of the prelate, who had filled 
 with distinction the See of Salisbury, may have influ- 
 enced his. choice, in the selection of this neighbourhood, 
 for the display of a spectacle then irresistibly at* 
 tractive to all ranks of people. Two vallies obliquely in- 
 
 ^ The Letter patent, authorising the Tournament, and the Con- 
 ditions ot the Oath, are given in Rymer’s Foedera, Vol. 1. p. 65. 
 The letter itself in the Antiquates Sarisburienses, p. 59. — Rad. de 
 Diceto Ymagines Historiarum p. 656. — Brompton p. 1261, Hen* 
 ry’s History of England . 
 
30 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 tersecting the tongue of land, between the Bath and De- 
 vises roads, offered situations for the purpose, as if formed 
 by art, where ample space was afforded for the lists, and 
 where thousands of spectators might have been accommo- 
 dated, without difficulty or danger. Those who have been 
 transported back in idea, to the period of which we treat, by 
 the vivid description of the Tournament in the Romance of 
 Ivanhoe, canscarcely survey this ground, without picturing 
 to themselves, the impressive effect of an assemblage, so 
 varied, interesting, and magnificent, on the elevated 
 down, in full view of the majestic fortress of Old Sarum, 
 on one hand, of Wilton and its venerable abbey on the other, 
 and overlooking the rich and smiling bourns of the Avon 
 and the Nadder. This spot must have offered a prospect, 
 different indeed in character, but far more striking, than 
 that assigned to the passage of arms at Ashby. 
 
 On the accession of King John, the church of Old Sa- 
 rum obtained a full confirmation of all its possessions, 
 privileges and immunities. || But in the meantime, a series 
 of vexations had occurred, which induced both the church- 
 men and citizens, to meditate a removal, to a less exposed 
 and more convenient situation. Peter of Blois, a writer 
 of the time, desciibes the place as barren, dry, and soli- 
 tary, and the church as a captive on the hill, where it was 
 built, like the ark of God, when shut up in the profane 
 house of Baal. He embodies in prose and verse, the gene- 
 ral wish for a more eligible abode. ‘^Let us,’' he says, “in 
 God’s name, descend into the plain. There are rich 
 champain fields and fertile vallies, abounding in the fruits 
 of the earth, and watered by the living stream. There is 
 
 II Charier of King John, Chapter Records. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 31 
 
 a seat for the Virgin patroness of our church, to which the 
 world ca.inot produce a parallel.” 
 
 This design was conceived, as early as the time of 
 Richard the First, by Herbert Pauper or Poor, the pre- 
 late who then occupied the See ; and a piece of ground 
 was even selected, in the neighbouring valley, as adapted 
 for the purpose. The sanction of the King was obtained, 
 by Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had 
 shared the dangers of the crusade, and was honoured 
 with the highest proofs of royal favour. But the 
 project was frustrated, first by the ‘want of funds, 
 and afterwards by the heavy exactions, which King 
 John extorted from the clergy, during his rupture with 
 the papal See, and his struggles with his oppressed and 
 indignant subjects. 
 
 When the country was at length delivered from his un- 
 worthy rule, the design of the removal was earnestly re- 
 sumed. Richard Poor, the brother of the preceding pre- 
 late, who m 1217 was translated from Chichester to Sarum, 
 availed himself of the interest, which he had acquired at 
 the court of Rome, to procure the papal sanction, for the 
 accomplishment of the object, so long desired. This 
 sanction was granted by Honorius the third, March 29, 
 1218; and publicly announced by the Bishop and Chapter, 
 in a decree issued the second day of the ensuing July. 
 
 The place selected for the erection of the Cathedral 
 was in the angle formed by the junction of the Nadder 
 and the Avon, a spot which might almost be considered, 
 as chosen in contrast to the airy situation about to be re- 
 linquished. The first stone was laid, in the midst 
 of avast concourse of people, April 28, 1220; the first 
 
32 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 service was celebrated in 1225; and in 1226 the bodies 
 of the three preceding bishops, Osmond, Roger, and 
 Joceline, were removed to their final place of repose, 
 v;iihin the walls of the new fabric^ 
 
 The particulars of a transaction, so important to the 
 inhabitants of Salisbury, were minutely recorded by the 
 precentor, William de Wanda, an eye witness, and have 
 been given in another publication, to which we refer the 
 reader.§ To the same authority we shall also refer, for a 
 minute description of the structure, and the most remark- 
 able incidents in its history. 
 
 In the beginning of October 1225, King Henry the 
 third visited the new fabric, and made his offering in per- 
 son ; and in the January following, he issued a charter, 
 confirming the possessions and privileges of the Establish- 
 ment, and granting to the infant city, advantages at that 
 period of the highest value. The City of New Salisbury 
 was to remain for ever a free city. The citizens were to 
 be exempted throughout England, from every kind of toll, 
 from pontage, passage, pedage, lastage, stallage, car- 
 riage, and all other customs, on their goods, both by land 
 and w ater, and to enjoy in every respect, the same immu- 
 nities and exemptions as the citizens of Winchester, The 
 bishop was empowered to inclose the city with ditches 
 for protection against robbers, and to change and transfer 
 
 § An Historical Account of the Episcopal See and Cathedral 
 Church ofSarurn or Salisbury, published under the name of Mr. 
 Hodsworth, but in reality written bv Mr. Hatcher, the editor and 
 translator of the curious work of Richard of Cirencester. Mr. 
 Britton has also published an Historical description of our Cathe- 
 dral, in his Series of Cathedral Antiquities. The architectural 
 portion of Ibis work, in particular, is deserving* of the high«»t 
 praise. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 33 
 
 the ways and bridges leading to it, as he might judge 
 expedient. It was also to enjoy the privilege of a yearly 
 fair, from the Vigil of the Assumption, to the Octave of 
 the same, and of a weekly market, with all liberties and 
 flee customs, pertaining to such fairs and markets.* 
 
 On the %5th of March 1225, a deed was issued by the 
 Bishop, in which, with the consent of William the Dean, 
 and the chapter of Sarum, he confirmed to the free citi- 
 zens, the privilege of giving, letting, or selling their tene- 
 ments, in the presence of his bailiff, except to the church, 
 or to religious houses, and of holding such tenements, , 
 quietly, freely, and peaceably, on the payment of the 
 yearly rent of twelve pence, for each place. j| These places 
 are stated to contain, in length seven perches, and in 
 breadth three, a description which sufficiently explains 
 the regular intersection of the streets, at the present time, 
 and the division of the city into squares, or as they are 
 familiarly termed checquers. 
 
 We here pause, to advert to an incident, which de 
 Wanda deemed worthy of particular commemoration, On 
 the Saturday after the Epiphany, William Longspee, 
 Earl of Sarum, having passed through many dangers by 
 sea and land, returned hither from Gascony. He visited 
 the new fabric, at nine the next morning, and was recei- 
 ved in procession, with great joy. On the morrow he 
 went to wait on the king, who was sick at Marlborough. 
 Eight weeks after the day, on which he had been so ho- 
 nourably and cordially welcomed, he died in the Castle 
 
 ^ Charter of Henry the third, in Price’s Account of the Cathe- 
 dral, p. 8. 
 
 jl Deed of Bishop Poor, in Price, p. 19. 
 
34 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 of Sarum, and was interred the new Church, with many 
 tears and lamentations. 
 
 Such is the brief and cautious relation of de Wanda; 
 but a melancholy interest is attached to the fate of this 
 valorous and accomplished nobleman, from the belief pre- 
 valent at the period, that he fell a victim to the treachery 
 of the Justiciary, Hubert de Burgh. A report having 
 been spread of his death, in consequence of the imminent 
 peril, which he encountered, in his voyage homeward, 
 the Justiciary sent his nephew Raymond, as a suitor to the 
 supposed widow; and even endeavoured to force her into 
 an adulterous union. The injured husband on his return, 
 accused the Justiciary before the sovereign, and threatened 
 to vindicate his own honour, if redress were denied. A 
 menace from so distinguished a warrior was not to be dis- 
 regarded. The humbled favourite acknowledged his fault, 
 and purchased a reconciliation by costly gifts. But he 
 meditated the deeper revenge. During the visit to Marl- 
 borough, he is supposed to have attained his nefarious 
 purpose, by inviting the earl to a banquet, and mingling 
 poison in the viands. 
 
 Deeds of this horrid character are ever involved in 
 doubt and mystery. Still however, without assuming 
 the existence of some extraordinary cause, it is impossi- 
 ble to account for the exclusion of William, § the eldest son, 
 from his paternal property and honours ; for the poverty, 
 apparently unmerited, to which he was reduced ; and for 
 the treatment, which at last drove him to meet an honour- 
 able, though untimely fate, among the champions of the 
 
 § Matthew Paris, p. 734, 791, 850. Dugdale’s Baronage. 
 Historical Account of the Cathedral, p. 193. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 35 
 
 Cross, on the distant borders of the Nile. At least 
 the reason assigned is inadequate, namely his departure 
 to the Holy Land, without the Royal license. It can 
 scarcely be supposed, that the sovereign would have visited 
 with such unrelenting severity, an offence comparatively 
 li^ht, committed by the son of a nobleman, to whose 
 guidance he had himself been solemnly confided by his 
 father, on his death bed. 
 
 We hasten to resume our narration. By the exertions 
 of the members of the Establishment, and the liberality 
 of the pious, the fabric of the new Cathedral advanced 
 rapidly towards its completion. Bishop Poor, having 
 been translated to Durham, in 1228, his successor. Bishop 
 Bingham, availed himself of the privilege granted by the 
 Royal Charter, by changing the course of the Icknield 
 Street, or Western Road, to the new City, and by build- 
 ing at Harnham, a bridge over the Avon, of which in 
 1244 he consigned the custody to the Dean and Chapter. 
 Upon it was erected a chapel, dedicated to St. John the 
 Baptist, in which two chaplains from the adjacent Hos- 
 pital of St. Nicholas were to celebrate mass daily.§ 
 
 The Cathedral was nearly completed by Bishop Wil- 
 liam of York, who died in March 1256; and finally was 
 consecrated, with great solemnity, by his successor Egi- 
 dius or Giles of Bridport, September 20, 1258. 
 
 § Tanner Notitia Monastica art. Wilts. The original course of 
 the Icknield Street, was over the hill from Old Sarum, through 
 the Rectory garden at Bemerton, and across the meadows, 
 towards the Race plain. It is alluded to in deeds of the beginning 
 of the fifteenth century, under the name of the Wilt way^ and 
 formed the boundary between the parishes of Harnham and Ne- 
 therhampton. Where it crosses the present lane to Netherhamp- 
 ton is a stone pillar, bearing the character of a Uoniari miliary, 
 or mile stone. 
 
36 
 
 ACCOVNT OF 
 
 We shall conclude this chapter, wfth a general des- 
 cription of the structure, which may be considered as the 
 best and purest specimen of the early pointed style, to 
 be found in England, perhaps in Europe. 
 
 The Cathedral Church of Salisbury consists of a nave, 
 a chancel or choir, and a Lady Chapel, each with two 
 aisles ; and two transepts, each with a single aisle towards 
 the East. Its form, therefore, is that of a double cross. 
 The nave, choir, and transepts, rise into an elevation of 
 three tiers or stories. The lower arches are of the lancet 
 kind. The middle tier, or gallery answering to the roof 
 of the aisles, consists of a series of flat pointed arches, 
 each subdivided into four, and the spaces in the heads or- 
 namented alternately with quatre-foils and rosettes of eight 
 leaves. In the upper, or Ciere- story, the openings consist 
 of triple lancet windows. The vaulting is plain, turned 
 with arches and cross springers only, but the intersections 
 are marked with tufts of foliage. Of the choir, the low- 
 er arches, as well as those of the transepts, are enriched 
 with an open zig zag moulding. The windows, within 
 and without, are relieyed with slender shafts, except in 
 the Clere-story, where that ornament appears only within* 
 
 The Lady Chapel, in particular, cannot fall to awaken 
 surprise and admiration. It consists, like the principal 
 structure, of a body and aisles, separated by alternate 
 single and clustered pillars, so light and slender, as al- 
 most to create a doubt, in the mind of the spectator, 
 whether they really support the ponderous vaulting above. 
 Adjoining the south side of the nave, is a square cloister, 
 the arches of which resemble those throughout the mid- 
 dle tier of the building. It opens on the Eastern side. 
 
I^ALISBUHY. 
 
 37 
 
 into an octagonal Chapter House, which is enriched with 
 the most diversified and elaborate decorations. In the 
 space below the bases of the windows, is a series of sculp- 
 tures, representing successive portions of Scripture His- 
 tory, from the Creation, to the overthrow of Pharaoh and 
 the Egyptian host, in the Red Sea. 
 
 The West front is a striking proof of the taste and 
 talent of the architect. The lancet and subdivided arches 
 are here gracefully intermixed ; a band of combined qua- 
 tre- foils and trefoils is introduced, as a relief to the eye ; 
 and trefoil headed niches, are scattered over the whole 
 front, as well as over the sides and reverse of the turrets, 
 with which it is flanked. These were originally occupied 
 by images, which from the mutilated remains still extant, 
 must have corresponded with the exquisite productions of 
 the chisel, still gracing the entrance into the Chapter 
 House. On examining this front, every spectator will ad- 
 mit the justice of the observation, ‘‘that the builder here 
 chose to exhibit his power of combining grandeur with 
 elegance and simplicity, and that if he was elsewhere 
 sparing of ornament, it was from t^ste and judgment, and 
 not from poverty of imagination.* 
 
 To convey a disinct idea of the proportions of the 
 building, its principal dimensions are here given. 
 
 Internallyw Length of the Nave 299f. 6 inches ; Choir 
 151f.; Lady Chapel 68f. 6 inches: total 449 feet; of the 
 principal transept 203f. 10 inches, of the smaller tran- 
 sept 143 feet. Breadth of the nave and choir 34f. 
 3 inches; of the aisles 17f, 6 inches. 
 
 * Histcwical Account of the Cathedral. 
 
38 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Breadth of the principal transept 34f. 10 inches, of 
 its aisle I5f. 6 inches; of the smaller transept 24f. 10 
 inches, and its aisle 14 feet. 
 
 Height of the principal vaultings 81 feet; of those of 
 the aisles, and Lady Chapel 39f. 9 inches. 
 
 Externally. Extreme length 473f; of the transepts 
 229f. 7 inches, and 170 feet. Width of the West front 
 11 If. 4 inches; of the nave and aisles 99f. 4 inches; of 
 the transepts respectively 8 If. 4 inches, and 65 feet. 
 
 Height to the top of the parapet wall of the nave 87 
 feet, of the aisles 44, of the roof 115, and of the West 
 front 130 feet. 
 
 Chapter house, internal diameter 58 feet, and height 
 of the vaulting 52. 
 
 Cloister internally, each side, 181 feet, width 18, and 
 height 20. 
 
 Height of the tower and spire, to the top of the cross 
 399f. 10 inches. Breadth of the tower from East to 
 West 5 If. 2 inches, from North to South 50f. 6 inches. 
 Height to the top uf the parapet wall 207 feet,|l 
 
 II From the communications of Mr. Fisher, Clerk of the works. 
 Historical Account of the Cathedral. 
 
CHAPTER IIL 
 
 The antient Cathedral and Canonical Houses were 
 yet standing at Old Sarum ; but the Ecclesiastical Esta- 
 blishment was permanently removed to the New City. 
 In 1269 occurs the first notice, relative to the appoint- 
 ment of two vicars, to celebrate divine service, in the per- 
 petual Chantry, dedicated to the service of the Blessed 
 Virgin, in the original Cathedral. This practice subse- 
 quently prevailed, almost to the time of the Reformation. 
 
 At this early period, the History of the Cathedral is the 
 History of the City. We may therefore advert to parti- 
 culars, apparently regarding only the Establishment, but 
 in reality intimately connected with the welfare of the 
 rising community, to which it had given an origin, as the 
 means of attracting hither a constant influx of pilgrims 
 and strangers. Among the documents of the Chapter, 
 are numerous indulgencies, granted by different prelates, 
 to such of their flocks, as should perforin certain offi- 
 ces of devotion, in the new structure, and contribute 
 towards its completion. 
 
 Soon after the ceremony of the foundation, Stephen 
 Langton, Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury, gran- 
 ted an indulgence of thirty days, to those who should 
 
40 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 contribute to the new fabric. His successor, Edmund of 
 Abingdon, who as Treasurer of the church, at Old Sa- 
 rum, had acquired an interest in its concerns, imitated 
 his example. In 1270, Archbishop Kilwardby granted 
 an indulgence of thirty days, to such as should pray at 
 the tomb of William Longspee, for the repose of his soul. 
 William, bishop of Bath and Wells, in 1271 announced 
 a similar grace “to such as should visit the church of the 
 Blessed Virgin, and pray for the peace of the kingdom, 
 for the soul of Bishop Robert, there buried, and for the 
 souls of all faithful defunct.’^ Like privileges, under dif- 
 ferent conditions, were granted by many other prelates. 
 
 In 1271 and 1272 by Anianus, the first and second, 
 Bishops of St. Asaph. 
 
 In 1278 by the Archbishop of Cassel. 
 
 1279 by Robert, bishop of Bath and Wells. 
 
 1280 by the Archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 1387 by William, bishop of LandafF, and Henry, 
 bishop of Salisbury. 
 
 1288 by Godfrey, bishop of Worcester. 
 
 1289 by William, bishop of Salisbury. 
 
 1291 by John, archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 1293 by the archbishop of Dublin, Bishop Longspee, 
 Thomas, bishop of Rochester, and Oliver, bishop of 
 Lincoln. 
 
 1294 by John, archbishop of York, Ralph, bishop of 
 Norwich, Richard, bishop of Hereford, and Thomas of 
 Exeter. 
 
 1295 by Anianus, bishop of Bangor, John, bishop of 
 Winchester, Gilbert of Chichester, and Walter of Co- 
 ventry and Litchfield* 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 41 
 
 1297 by the archbishop of Dublin, and William, bishop 
 of Bath and Wells. 
 
 1299 by Nicholas, archbishop of Dublin, and Simon, 
 bishop of Salisbury. 
 
 1301 by Godfrey, bishop of Worcester. 
 
 1304 by Caducanus, bishop of Bangor. 
 
 1304 by Robert, archbishop of Canterbury, and Hen- 
 ry, bishop of Winchester. 
 
 1306 by Ralph, bishop of London, and John, bishop 
 of Chichester. 
 
 Such a concourse of people, as these spiritual benefits 
 were calculated to attract to the new fabric, and the large 
 sums expended in its construction, must have infused 
 spirit and activity into all the inhabitants of the vicinity. 
 The city itself, under this fostering influence, may also be 
 considered as having assumed the form and character, 
 which it was thenceforward to bear. 
 
 In virtue of the charter granted by Henry the Third, 
 Nicholas de Brookeby was in 1227 elected as the first 
 mayor, but for some reason, which has not been com- 
 memorated, the office was not again filled, during a con* 
 siderable interval. However, since the confirmation of the 
 original Charter, by Edward the First, in the year 1278, 
 the series of civic governors has been uninterrupted. 
 In 1295 the City first exercised the privilege of depu- 
 ting members to parliament. 
 
 The very causes, which contribute to prosperity, are 
 too often the more readily overlooked, as their eflects 
 are more sensibly felt. Such was the case among the 
 citizens of Salisbury, Conceiving themselves aggrieved 
 
42 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 by the obligations annexed to their feudal dependence, and 
 especially by the demand of tallage, then first made by 
 bishop Simon de Gandavo, the mayor, Richard of Lud- 
 garshall, and a party of the citizens, appealed to the 
 King, and without the consent of the commonalty, 
 obtained permission to renounce their privileges, on the 
 condition of being exempted from the claims of their 
 prelate. The folly of their choice was, however, soon 
 evident. Deprived of their advantages and immuni- 
 ties, f their trade instantly declined, and their considera- 
 tion was lost; and in their own language, ‘‘from being 
 members of a city, to which it had been glorious to per- 
 tain, they were become a derision to the people, and their 
 daily song.” 
 
 Accordingly, the more considerate portion of the com- 
 munity submitted to their Bishop, “and humbly and 
 devoutly sought him, to dispose and ordain, with respect to 
 them and their state, according to his concience, promis- 
 ing to fulfil his direction, and thenceforth for ever, to be 
 firmly bound thereto.” Their offer was accepted ; the 
 King, at the solicitation of the prelate, restored the privi- 
 leges they had renounced ; and by the intervention of Mr. 
 Walter Harvey, one of the Canons, an agreement was 
 airano:ed, for the maintenance of concord and confidence 
 in future. The principal articles were : 
 
 That the citizens should be duly subject to their lord 
 the Bishop, paying and performing all rents and services, 
 contenting themselves with their respective tenements and 
 
 f For a particular account of the immunities, which the Citizens 
 of Salisbury enjoyed as tenants of the Bishop, see History of the 
 Cathedral, part 2, ch. 1. These were all formally confirmed to 
 the Church at ISew' Sarura, by Henry the Fifth. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 43 
 
 places, and abstaining from incroachments on his rights 
 and property, or from obstructing him, in the mea- 
 surement and disposal of the ground, which remained 
 unapi)ropriated. 
 
 They were not, however, to be bound to attend and 
 do service at the court, called the View of frank pledge, 
 more than twice yearly, except in certain specified cases. 
 Such pleas, also, as had been usually pleaded, were still 
 to be pleaded in this Court ; and testaments, bequeathing 
 tenements, in the city, to be exhibited here, before the 
 legatees were allowed to take possession. 
 
 They were permitted yearly to chuse their mayor, but 
 he was, according to custom, to swear before the Bailiff 
 or Steward of the Bishop, that he would faithfully exe- 
 cute his office ; and he was so to conduct himself, as to 
 give them satisfaction. 
 
 The Serjeants and public ministers of the City were to 
 be chosen, according to custom ; but if they failed in the 
 due execution of their offices, they might be punished or 
 even removed, at the discretion of the Bishop ; the citi- 
 zens binding themselves, if required, to render satisfac- 
 tion for their misconduct. Of such ministers the citizens 
 were to elect two, and the bishop a third, who was em- 
 powered to superintend the others. 
 
 No general collection, for the necessities of the City, 
 waste be made, without due notice to the Steward or Bai- 
 liff of the Bishop. The common seal was to be kept un- 
 der three keys, one to remain in the custody of the Bishop, 
 the other two in that of the citizens. 
 
 No one was to occupy the stalls or places in the mar- 
 
44 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 ket, without the license of the Steward or Bailiff. No 
 one was to purchase provisions or other articles for re-sale, 
 before one o’clock, and in cases, where the servants of the 
 Bishop, canons, and citizens met together, the inferior 
 was to allow the superior the priority of purchase. 
 
 Lastly, a gild of merchants was to be established, in 
 which all who had submitted to the Bishop were to be in- 
 cluded. Afterwards, however, no one was to partici- 
 pate in this privilege, unless admitted by the Bishop, or 
 the Mayor for the time being. The fees arising from such 
 admissions, were to be divided into two parts, one to 
 belong to the Bishop, and the other to be equally 
 divided between the Mayor and commonalty.* 
 
 The restoration of the privileges thus wantonly cast 
 away, was not effected without a heavy pecuniary sacri- 
 fice. According to the abridged Rolls, the Citizens 
 paid a fine to the King, of two hundred marks, for the 
 renewal and confirmation of those liberties, which they 
 had gratuitously obtained by the Charter of King Henry. f 
 
 After this accommodation had restored harmony and con- 
 fidence, the Bishop in 1310 exercised the right vested in 
 him by the royal charter, in permitting the inhabitants to 
 fortify the City, with a rampart and ditch. The remains 
 of this work were extant wuthin memory, and shew the 
 place to have then occupied nearly the same extent of 
 ground as at present. It abutted on the little stream and 
 marsh, below St. Martin’s Church, in the line of the road 
 passing the Catholic Chapel ; crossed the top of Milford 
 
 Articles of agreement between the Bishop and Citizens, in 
 the Antiquitates Sarisburienses, )). 259. 
 f Abbreviatio Rotuloruin, 34 Edw, 3rd. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 45 
 
 Street ; traversed the Green Croft, and the grounds belong- 
 ing to Mr. Wyndham ; proceeded through Swayne’s Close, 
 and turning Westward, terminated on the main stream, 
 near the point once occupied by Castle Gate.* 
 
 Various deeds, also, which are still preserved in differ- 
 ent repositories, may be adduced to shew, that the inter- 
 nal arrangement of the different parts of the city, has 
 undergone little change. Thus we find references to the 
 Butcher Row in 1287, to the Fish Shambles, behind the 
 Guildhall, to the Free School and Castle Street in 1334, 
 to Gigore or Gigant Street, and Wynemand Street in 
 1334, to the Poultry Cross, New Street, and Scots 
 Lane, in 1335. to Fishington or Fisherton in 1341, to 
 High Street in 1342, to Minsterf and Silver Streets in 
 1369, to Endless Street in 1348, to Brown Street, previ- 
 ously called Tottle-bells Street, in 1369, to Winchester 
 Street in 1379, to Catherine Street in 1393, to Culver 
 Street in 1402. In 1400 we find also a bequest, for 
 paving the market, and for repairing the upper Bridge in 
 Fisherton. 
 
 On the situation of Ayleswade Bridge, which was 
 
 ^ From the plan of Salisbury, given by Speed in 1626, and that 
 published about the middle of the last Century, from the Survey 
 of Nash. 
 
 f From several documents in the middle of the 14th Century, 
 it appears that the whole line, from Castle Street to the Close, 
 occasionally bore the name of Minster Street. — Thus Thomas 
 Harpenden, son of Stephen Harpenden, formerly of the City of 
 New Sarum, conveys to Roger Moton, a certain tenement in Min- 
 ster Street, near the North gate of the Close, within a trench of 
 water, running under the said gate, between the said Close and 
 City, on one hand, and a tenement of the said Roger Moton on 
 the other — 6 Edw. 3rd. Thomas de Boyton, Bowyer, of New 
 Sarum, bequeaths to his wife, his capital tenement, situated in 
 Mynster Street, which is called Castle Street. Chartulary of St. 
 Nicholas, MS. in the possession of Mr. Wyndham. 
 
46 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 recently a subject of investigation, we are enabled to throw 
 some light. Thomas de Boyton, Bowyer, or Bow-maker 
 of Salisbury, who appears^ to have possessed consid- 
 erable property, among other bequests, left a certain 
 sum conditionally, for the amendment and preservation of 
 the way, called Drakehall Street, and the way which leads 
 to the Bridge of Ayleswade, and for the repair of that 
 Bridge itself. Previously to that period, namely in 1314 
 or 1315, Robert Hungerford, knight, conveyed to the 
 Warden and Scholars of the House of St. Nicholas de 
 Valle, that meadow, which ‘dies in a certain angle, as 
 you go to the bridge of Ayleswade, opposite to the Close 
 of the Hospital of St. Nicholas, on the West side of the 
 Street, called Cartere Street, between the Close of the 
 Bishop of Sarum, on the North, and the aforesaid way on 
 the South. 
 
 As the original division of New Sarum into parishes, 
 also gave rise to a question of considerable local impor- 
 tance, we must be permitted to revert again to the period, 
 immediately following the foundation of the Cathedral. 
 Two of the churches in the vicinity of the City, namely 
 those of Laverstock and Harnham, are clearly of much 
 earlier date than the Cathedral itself. That of Fisherton 
 is not more modern, and the font,t displays a cha- 
 racter, which may be regarded as indicative of an ori- 
 ginal foundation, as antient as the conquest. There 
 is also no historical evidence, that any ecclesiastical 
 
 Charlulary of St. Nicholas. 
 
 f It was aiilientJy the custom to preserve the original font 
 even when the church was rebuilt, because it was considered as 
 doubly hallowed, by the sacrament of baptism. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 47 
 
 structure existed, of an age prior to the Cathedral, within 
 the space now occupied by the city. That such was the 
 case, may be inferred from the expression of Bishop Poor, 
 in his charter to the city, in 1225, wherein he adverts to 
 the consent of William the Dean, and the Chapter of 
 Sarum, as the only persons whose interests could be affec- 
 ted by its operation. In 1227 we find the first mention 
 of an Hospital, dedicated to St. Nicholas, of which Ela, 
 countess of Salisbury, is said to have been a liberal bene- 
 factor, and which owed its foundation to Bishop Poor. 
 The chapel of this establishment, from the style of its ar- 
 chitecture, is undoubtedly coeval with the Cathedral. 
 Apparently also, there was connected with it, a church 
 dedicated to St. Martin, which according to Leland, 
 from the tradition of the place, stood at a short distance 
 to the North ; but being affected by the freshets of the 
 river, it was desecrated and rebuilt on the higher ground. 
 At all events, Bishop Poor in 1228, a short period before 
 his translation to Durham, granted to a priest, designated 
 as Master Harvey, *The Church of St. Martin, of his 
 Manor of Sarum, with the chapel of Stratford, which 
 were in his own gift, and that of his successors, and all 
 other churches and chapels, built or to be built, in his 
 City of Sarum, saving, however, to the commons of the 
 Cathedral, the tithe of Sheaves and hay. To this 
 was added the tithe of the Mills, in the City of New Sarum, 
 and of all lands, held as Court lands, and situated within 
 the ditches of the said city. 
 
 In 1240, only twelve years after this grant, a churcli 
 was founded by Bishop Bingham, in the heart of the city 
 and dedicated to the then popular Saint, Thomas d 
 
48 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Becket. Some portions of the structure, particularly the 
 East end, may be assigned without hesitation to the latter 
 part of the thirteenth century, though the church itself 
 was not completed, till a much later period. f 
 
 In consequence of the increase of the City, Bishop de 
 la Wyle founded another establishment, which he dedi- 
 cated to the honour of Edmund, Saint and Confessor, 
 formerly Treasurer to the Cathedral. § He rendered it 
 parochial with cure, and collegiate, for a provost and 
 thirteen canons ; and nominated Nicholas de St. Quinton, 
 as the first provost. Tlie preamble to the deed of foun- 
 dation, which is dated Feb. 17, 1268, declares the en- 
 dowment to have been made, with the consent of the 
 venerable the Dean and Chapter^ of the religious Prior 
 and brethren oj the Hospital of St. Nicholas, and of the 
 discreet John de Middleton, subchanter of the Cathedral 
 church of Salisbury, and Rector of the Church of the 
 Blessed St. Thomas. These expressions leave no doubt 
 that the rights of the incumbent of St. Martin’s were 
 identified with those of the Prior of St. Nicholas; and 
 the fact is decidedly established, by a subsequent clause, 
 where, to the parish of St Martin’s, are added, ‘^all the 
 parochial rights and appurtenances, of the tenants 
 who were formerly parishioners of the Hospital of St. 
 NicholasJ^ 
 
 f Thomas de Boyton, whose testament has already been quo- 
 ted, of the dale of 1400, bequeaths from the debt owing to him, 
 by John Gilbert, twenty marks, to the new fabric, on the South 
 side of the Church of St. Thomas. As late, also, as May 2, 1404, 
 the Dean and Chapter gave twelve marks, towards the works of 
 the Campanile, or bell tower of St. Thomas. Chartulary of St. 
 Nicholas, and Chapter Records. 
 
 §Iri the list of Treasurers, he is mentioned as Edmund de 
 Abingdon, in 1222. He was made Archbishop of Canterbury, in 
 1234, and died in 1244. 
 
SALISBURY, 
 
 49 
 
 In this deed Bishop de la Wyle proceeds to determine 
 the limits of the respective parishes, in terms which ac- 
 curately apply to the present boundaries. f Ij) addition to 
 the extent assigned to the Parish of St Martin, within 
 the barriers of the city, he adds ‘Hhe Houses of all the in- 
 habitants^ without the Eastern barrier of the city, to- 
 gether with Milford and Winterbournford." 
 
 f This specification of the limits, may be thus identified with 
 the present boundaries, clause by clause. ‘*The parish of St. Ed- 
 mund shall consist of the house of John Schoch, and the houses 
 of all the inhabitants of the same street, towards the Castle, on 
 both sides, within the bars and without” As Bedwin Street and 
 Scots Lane were probably not then built, this description indi- 
 cates the whole ot Castle Street, above Scot’s Lane. “The hou- 
 ses of all the inhabitants of the same street, on the East side to the 
 corner.” The boundary line is thus traced to the Marketplace. 
 <‘The house of John de Kain, and from thence in a straip^ht line 
 Eastward, to the house of Hugh Nagg, thence to the house of 
 Gilbert Chyme, and from the same, in a line, to the house of Wil- 
 liam de Porton.” These indications carry us to tlie corner of the 
 Blue Boar Pow, the opposite corner of Winchester Street, and 
 then to the corner of Milford Street. “From thence in a line, to 
 the house of John the Whitesmith, near the bar.” The North 
 side of Milford Street, as far as the little public house called the 
 Bell. “Of the market place, the portion extending in a line 
 from the house of John de KaIn, to that of William de Porton.” 
 A diagonal line drawn from the corner of Castle Street to that of 
 Milford Street, including the site of the present Council House. 
 
 The limit of the parish of St. Martin is thus traced. ‘ The 
 house of Walter Das, and from thence, ascending the same street, 
 in a line towards the bar.” The South side of Milford Street, 
 from the corner of Brown Stieet to the top. “From the house of 
 the said Walter, on the same part of the Street towards the South, 
 in a line to the house of Simon the Cutler, and the house of Wal- 
 ter Cummin.” This comprises the East side ol Brown Street, to 
 St. Anne’s Street. “From the house of the said Walter, on the 
 same part of the street, to the house of Richard Blackmoor.” 
 The North part of St. Anne’s Street, to the corner opposite the 
 gate. “From the aforesaid house to the Fount of St. Nicholas.” 
 This line descends Exeter Street, to the vicinity of the river. 
 
 It it is finally stated, that “the Parish of St. Thomas, shall con- 
 tain whatsoever is beyond the limits aforesaid, without the Close 
 of the Canons in our aforesaid City, together with the church of 
 Stratford, and its appurtenances.” 
 
 E 
 
50 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 In the time of Henry the Third, and Edward the First,, 
 an Inquiry was instituted, to ascertain the rights, posses- 
 sions, and prerogatives of the crown, as well as the rights, 
 privileges, and property of individuals. The result of this^ 
 inquiry is exhibited in the Hundred Rolls,* which not only 
 supply a valuable commentary to Domesday, but furnish 
 some curious information, relative to the state of the Old 
 and New Cities of Sarum. 
 
 The Jurors of Old Sarum, in their verdict, state, that 
 the fortress is a borough belonging to the demesne of the 
 crown ; that the barony of the bishop of Sarum., and the 
 barony of the abbess of Wilton, the barony of Walter 
 Walerand, the harony of Earl Patrick, of Sarum, the 
 barony of Walter of Dunstanville, of Nicholas de Haver- 
 sham, and Walter de Pavely, and certain others, in the 
 county of Wilts, are held of the King, in Capite, and 
 ought to keep ward in the Castle of Sarum. 
 
 They declare, that the said Borough is in the hands of 
 the King, and that he receives from his tenements therein, 
 by the hand of the Sheriff of Wilts, four marks, thirteen 
 shillings and fourpence. 
 
 They state, farther, that the burgesses of Old Sarum 
 have the return of the king’s writs, and the judgment of 
 felons, taken within the said borough, according to the 
 custom of Winton, 
 
 They complain, that whereas the bishop of Sarum has 
 the right of a free market, by the concession of King 
 Henry, in the city of New Sarum, for one day weekly, 
 namely, Tuesday, he nevertheless holds a market, on the 
 
 ♦ These statements are taken from the Hundred Rolls of 
 Edward 1. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 51 
 
 principal days of each week, to the detriment of the mer- 
 chants of Old Sarum and Wilton. 
 
 Another grievance merits notice, as tending to prove 
 the occupation of the fortress by the Sheriff. 
 
 They represent, that a certain Robert of Hoxham, She- 
 riff of Wilts, forty years before, first began, in virtue of his 
 office, to take from the men of Old Sarum, four gallons 
 of ale from every brewing, for two pence, which they had 
 not been accustomed to give in preceding times. That 
 afterwardsof Nicholas of Haversham, William ofTinhyde, 
 Nicholas of Losteshull, John de Vernu, Godfrey Skidmor, 
 Ralph Russell, Nicholas Daungir, William le Dun, and 
 Stephen of Eddeworthe, had severally, in their times, 
 and in the same manner, oppressed them, by levying the 
 same assize. That, moreover, Walter Sterkesley, in 
 his time had taken four gallons, for a penny, and that 
 his example was followed by Hildebrand, the actual 
 Sheriff. 
 
 On the other hand, the Jurors of New Sarum declare, 
 that the Bishop holds the city with its appurtenances, from 
 the King, in Capite^ and that it is the capital manor 
 of the whole barony. 
 
 That the Bishop holds pleas, relative to chattels unlaw- 
 fully distrained or taken ; and that he enjoys the power of 
 capital punishment, and the right of levying the assize of 
 bread and ale- 
 
 They complain, that the bailiffs of Wilton impede mer- 
 chants transporting their merchandises along the royal 
 roads, especially to New Sarum, London, Oxford, and 
 Wallingford; that they seize the said merchants and their 
 merchandises, by force of arms, and detain them at Wil- 
 
52 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 ton, forcing them to traffic against their will, and even 
 beating, wounding, and otherwise ill treating them. 
 
 Finally, they represent, that the Earl of Giocester 
 had forcibly afforested all the lands, vills, and pas- 
 tures, from the vill of Sefton, to the Bridge of Ayleswade, 
 along the bank of the Noddre. That he claimed this 
 space of ground, as his forest ; placing there seven of his 
 foresters, to attach for vert and vension, contrary to the 
 laws and customs of the kingdom, and demanding also 
 cheminage, every where within the said boundaries. All 
 this he is stated to have done, contrary to the perambu- 
 lation of the forests, made by Richard Bishop of Sarum, 
 the bishop of Bath, William de Longspey, Earl of Sarum, 
 and William Bruere, in the fourth year of Henry, Son of 
 King John. 1220 or 1221.* 
 
 In another allegation, it is farther said, that the 
 foresters of the Earl of Giocester, at Blackendon, in the 
 county of Dorset, take and are accustomed to take che- 
 minage on the king’s highway, without Ayleswade Bridge, 
 which leads to the City of New Sarum, and elsewhere to 
 the country villages. That they exact a penny for the 
 fence month, f contrary to law, from every cart bringing 
 brushwood, heath or turves, out the New Forest, or else- 
 where, beyond the limits of their bailiwick. 
 
 In specifying the infractions of the Royal proclamation 
 against conveying wool to Flanders, they enumerate such 
 
 * Similar complaints are made in the Inquest for the Hundred 
 of Damerham, as alsointhai for Downton. Rot. Hundred, p. 253. 
 
 f The Fence Month, Mensis vetitiis, in forests, was that in 
 which the deer fawned, extending from fifteen days before mid- 
 summer to fifteen days after. There were also fence months for 
 fish, as well as for wild beasts. Blount’s Law Dictionary. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 53 
 
 a number of delinquencies, as to furnish ground for the 
 supposition, that this City was then the center of a consi- 
 derable traffic, in that commodity. The persons thus 
 charged are : 
 
 Ralph de Aune, 20 packs sent to Lymington. 
 
 Robert de Trilleran, 4. 
 
 Robert de Pentrich, 20. 
 
 Robert de Deveneys, 2. 
 
 John de Opere, to Southampton, 12. 
 
 Gilbert Chun to Lymington, 14. 
 
 Nicholas de Aune, 3. 
 
 Robert de Wallup, 10. 
 
 Thomas de Reigate, 40 to Lymington, and the Pool 
 of Lymington. 
 
 Hamo de Lyswis, 10. 
 
 Henry le Diny, 20. 
 
 John de Homyington, 12. 
 
 William de Langford, 3. 
 
 Michael le Cavanac, 8. 
 
 Stephen de Reigate, 6. 
 
 Roger de Leu, 4. 
 
 From the local concerns of our City, we may perhaps 
 be here permitted, to advert to a public transaction, of 
 considerable interest. After having provoked the hosti- 
 lity of the church, and wearied the zeal of his nobles, 
 by his repeated exactions, Edward the First summoned 
 an assembly at Sarum, from which the clergy were ex- 
 cluded, with the hope of obtaining support, for the pro- 
 secution of the war against France. He condescended to 
 solicit several of the nobles, to pass over into Gascony ; 
 

 /AC€O.U*NT 0;P 
 
 Ibut receiving only excuses, be threatened to transfer their 
 lands to others more conijplaisant. These menaces aggra- 
 vated tthe rising discontent. ‘The Tlarl of Norfolk, Earl 
 Marsihal, and the Earl of Hereford, Eord Constable, in 
 rparticular,, joined in resisting his application. To his 
 instances, the former Teplied, 1 will readily fulfil that 
 ipart of 'my duty, which requires me to go, when the King 
 himself appears at the head ofhis army. Edward abruptly 
 rejoining, ‘‘Thou shall go without me,’^ received a more 
 direct refusal. Indignant at this opposition, he exclaimed 
 ‘‘‘By Hod, Earl, thou shall either go or hang The 
 Earl as indignantly replied, “By the same oath, King, 
 I will neither go nor hang V* He immediately quitted the 
 assembly, without leave ; and being joined by other nobles, 
 they soon collected a sufficient force, to awe the mon- 
 arch, and to resist the exaction of contributions, within 
 their respective demesnes.§ 
 
 Having already traced the division of the city into pa- 
 rishes, and endeavoured to ascertain the dates, to which 
 the erection of the different churches may be assigned, 
 iit becomes necessary to advert to other ecclesiastical Es- 
 tablishments. In Eisherton was a house of Black Friars, 
 or Friars Preachers, the foundation of which is ascribed 
 by Godwin, to Robert Kilworthy, Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. A convent of Franciscans or Grey Friars, appears 
 to have been established in the city, soon after the build- 
 ing of the Cathedral.f This last convent is frequently 
 
 §Knyghton, 2493. 
 
 f These Establishments must have been among the earliest of 
 %ose Orders in the kingdom, for according to Knyghton, the 
 friar’s Preachers were first introduced in 1217, and the Friars 
 Minors in 1228. p. 2422. William of Worcester, p. 81. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 55 
 
 mentioned in the Bishops’ and Chapter Books, and by 
 William of Worcester, is stated to have been founded by 
 Bishop Richard Poor. To these Establishments a be- 
 quest is made in the will of Thomas de Boyton, already 
 quoted, namely to each brother, belonging to the^Con- 
 vent of Friars Preachers at Fisherton, whom his execu- 
 tors should find poor and in want, the sum of eight pence, 
 to pray for his soul and that of his wife Agnes ; to the 
 Convent of Friars Minors in Sarum, half a mark ; 
 and to each brother therein, the same sum as to those in 
 Fisherton. 
 
 An Establishment, which at first seemed likely to give 
 a new character to the city, is here entitled to particular 
 mention. In consequence of an insult, which had been 
 offered to Otho, the papal legate, at Oxford, in 1238, an 
 interdict was laid on that city, and many of the Students 
 withdrew to Salisbury. This incident suggested to Bishop 
 Bridport, the idea of forming an Establishment for public 
 instruction. In 1260 he founded in the meadow, between 
 the river and the Cathedral, and opposite the Hospital of 
 St. Nicholas, the College or House of St. Nicholas de 
 Valle, or Vaux, for the maintenance of a Warden, two 
 chaplains, and twenty poor scholars, who were to be in- 
 structed in the knowledge of Holy Writ, and of the libe- 
 ral arts. The nomination of the warden was vested in 
 the Dean and Chapter, as patrons, and the office was 
 generally filled by a resident member of the Cathedral. 
 The lectures were also to be given by a Doctor or Bachelor 
 in Divinity, of whom the nomination appears to have been 
 vested in the Chancellor, Though much zeal was mani- 
 
56 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 festecl in support of the institution, the restoration of tran- 
 quility at Oxford, frustrated the views of its founder ; and 
 it appears to have declined gradually, till it fell at the 
 dissolution. In the latter end of the fifteenth century, 
 it seems, however, to have possessed the Advowson of 
 Milborne St. Andrew, and Dewlish, in Dorsetshire, and 
 landed possessions or houses, in various parts of Dorset, 
 and Wilts, and in the city of New Sarum.§ 
 
 One transaction connected with this Establishment, is 
 not undeserving of notice. Roger Moton, with Chris- 
 tina his wife, yielded certain tenements and possessions 
 to the master and scholars, on the following conditions : 
 That they should have their victuals in the said house, for 
 the term of their lives, with ingress and egress, in the 
 same manner, as any scholar of the Establishment. 
 That Roger should sit at the second table, with Roger 
 Fouk on his right hand, as long as the said Roger should 
 live, and after his decease should enjoy his place. That 
 Christina should sit where she pleased, and have the 
 use of an apartment, with all requisite accommodations, 
 to be built at the expense of her husband. That he 
 should himself be permitted to build a stable for one horse. 
 That after the death of her husband, Christina should 
 receive annually, one maik of silver, at the Feast of the 
 Annunciation. Lastly, the master and scholars, enga- 
 ged to celebrate the anniversary of the said Roger and 
 Christina, after their decease, and promised to pay the 
 sum of two pence to each scholar of the house, who should 
 be present and assist at the celebration. 
 
 § Chartulary of the College De Vaux, Notes to Robert of Glou- 
 cester’s ChrouieJe, p. 620. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 57 
 
 In 132 7 the Canons obtained from Edward the Third, 
 then at Nottingham, a permission to inclose their Close 
 with an embattled wall of stone, and to hold it so inclosed, 
 to themselves and their successors, without let or hin- 
 drance from himself, his successors, or their officers. 
 
 To this privilege, which was then highly valued, was 
 soon added, an exemption from the jurisdiction of the 
 Royal Mareschal and Seneschal, cr in other words, a 
 relief from the onerous duty of furnishing provisions and 
 lodgings, to the King’s retinue.|| 
 
 An incident which may be considered as the virtual 
 rupture of the last link, connectiiig the two cities, was the 
 demolition and removal oftheantient Cathedral of Osmund, 
 and the Canonical residences. This was effected, under 
 a grant from Edward the Third, dated December 16, 1331. 
 It announces that he had lately given to Robert the 
 Bishop, and to the Dean and Chapter of the Church of the 
 blessed Virgin Mary, at Sarum, all the stone walls of the 
 farmer Cathedral church at Old Sarum, and of the houses 
 which had before belonged to the Bishops and Canons of 
 that church, within his fortress of Old Sarum, as his dona- 
 tion, to be employed in the improvement of the church at 
 New Sarum, and the inclosure pertaining lo the same. It 
 then stated, that as they had a certain chantry in the said 
 chinch, he gave them permission to establish it anew, 
 in any other place, within the fortress, and to hold it there- 
 after to themselves and their successors. § 
 
 II Chapter Records, quoted in Dodsworth. 
 
 § In 1392 is an entry in the Chapter Records, that their Chapel 
 at Old Sarum iieedcd repair, as well as the organ belonging to 
 the $ame. 
 
58 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 It would be foreign to our purpose to enter into the ar- 
 guments adduced to prove, that the materials of these 
 antient buildings were partly employed in the completion 
 of the spire. We shall merely observe, that the conjec- 
 ture is corroborated, by the style of this stupendous addi- 
 tion to the original structure, which in its varied orna-» 
 ments and general finish, bears the graceful characters, 
 that are considered as distinctive of the sera of Edward 
 the third. t 
 
 As connected with the office of the Sheriff, Old Sarum 
 had continued to be the chief seat of the royal authority, 
 in the county, from the time of the conquest ; and the do- 
 cuments we shall now adduce, in addition to the facts 
 already mentioned , will suffice to prove, that the possession 
 of the fortress, and the honour of the Earldom were per- 
 fectly distinct. In the seventh, twelfth, and part of the 
 fifteenth of Henry III, or 1226, 1227, and 1230, Ela, the 
 widowed countess of Salisbury, held the Office of Sheriff 
 of Wilts, with the custody of the fortress. The Sheriff 
 alty and the custody of the fortress were granted 
 
 40 Henry 3, 1256-5 to John de Veruu.|| 
 
 Edward 1, to John de Wotton. 
 
 5 Edward 2,1311-12 to Adam de Waleraunt. 
 
 6 Edward 2, — to John de Kyngeston. 
 
 7 Edward 2, - to the same. 
 
 1 0 Edward 2, to Philip de la Beche. 
 
 + Letter Patent of Edward the third, dated Sherborne A. R. 6. 
 MS. Chapter Records. For an investigaton of the subject. See 
 Dodswortb, p. 145- 
 
 II Rotulorum origin ali urn, in Cur, Sccac. Abbreviatio, passim, 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 59 
 
 13 Edward 2 , to the same. 
 
 15 Edward 2, to Adam de Waleraunt. 
 
 Our city and neighbourhood became historically con- 
 nected with the transactions of that period, when Morti- 
 mer, through the guilty passion of a licentious queen, was 
 enabled to usurp all the powers of the State, and to hold 
 the youthful sovereign, Edward the Third, in a state of ab- 
 ject dependence. Aware that he was detested, as well 
 by the higher nobility, as by the great mass of the nation, 
 he summoned a parliament at Salisbury, hoping to en- 
 trap the most obnoxious and enterprising of his oppo- 
 nents. In obedience to the royal command, the Earls of 
 Kent, Norfolk, and Lancaster approached the appoin- 
 ted place, without an escort of their retainers, as was almost 
 the general custom of the time; but finding that Mortimer 
 and his partisans, were attended by an imposing force, 
 they retired, and flew to arms. A temporary accommo- 
 dation was eflTected, but the crafty favourite did not desist 
 from his nefarious purpose. By pretending that the de- 
 throned king, Edward the Second, was yet firing, he 
 entangled his well meaning, but unsuspicious brother, the 
 Earl of Kent, in a pretended conspiracy for his restora- 
 tion. Of this crime he accused him before the parliament, 
 and had influence enough to procure a sentence of death, 
 against him. ^''But'’ as our national historian has obser- 
 ved, ‘^although peers could be found to condemn this un- 
 fortunate prince, so great was the affection borne him by 
 the people, that it was evening before his enemies could 
 find a man to perform the office. |1 
 
 On the execution of the Earl of Kent, his property 
 
 jJI Hume’s History of England, V. 2. p.326. 
 
60 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 vras coTifiscated, and his hapless wife and children con- 
 signed to a prison. Among the documents of the time, is 
 an order from Edward the Third, stating -‘that he had 
 empowered his beloved and faithful Nicholas de Lang- 
 ford, and his beloved valet at arms, John Payn, to take 
 the bodies of the Countess of Kent, and her children, and 
 transport them to his Castle at Sarum, under safe and sure 
 conduct, and there to deliver them to the custody of the 
 Sheriff of Wilts, till farther orders. 
 
 After directions for seizing and securing the jewels, 
 chattels and property of the Countess, in the Castle of 
 Arundel, and the vicinity, the persons abovementioned 
 are directed so to convey the countess, that she shall have 
 on the road only the attendance of two damsels and of 
 her children. 
 
 Lastly, the Sheriff of Wilts is injoined, to receive the 
 Lady, with her two damsels and children, from the afore- 
 said Nicholas and John, and in the Castle safely, se- 
 curely, and honourably to keep them, until farther orders. 
 He is instructed to assign her a competent maintenance, 
 while in his custody, from the revenues of his bailiwick; and 
 acquainted that for such advances, due allowance shall be 
 made to him, in his account with the Royal Exchequeulj 
 
 Towards the close of the desperate struggle with France, 
 which was terminated by the peace of Bretigny, we find 
 a document, proving the importance attached to Old 
 Sarum as a fortress. In an order from Edward the Third 
 to the Sheriff of Wilts, dated Westminster, May 16, 1360, 
 he states that his enemies from France, with a large body 
 
 11 Order of Edward 3. Wynton 14 Mar. A. R. 4. — 1330. Fcedera, 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 61 
 
 of armed men and horse, had landed at Winchelsea, the 
 preceding Sunday, had captured that town, inhumanly 
 slaughtered the inhabitants, and wasted the country round, 
 with fire and sword. He therefore directs that officer to 
 supply the royal Castles of Old Sarum and Marlborough, 
 with a sufficient number of men, at the royal charge, and 
 the victual requisite, as in his discretion he shall judge fit ; 
 to levy in his bailiwick, the said men, either in or out of 
 liberties, as should appear proper, and place them in the 
 said fortresses, taking an indenture from those who fur- 
 nished the victual, of the quantity and price, that he 
 might receive compensation in his account with the 
 Exchequer. § 
 
 But notwithstanding the value attached to Old Sarum 
 as a fortress, and the advantages probably connected with 
 its occupation by the Sheriff, it continued to decline, after 
 the removal of the Cathedral. In the twenty fifth year 
 of Henry the sixth, John Lord Stourton, Treasurer 
 to the Royal Household, procured a grant in fee of 
 the Castle, then so ruinous, that it yielded no benefit to 
 the king, together with the banks, ditches, walls, and 
 gardens thereunto belonging, to be held by fealty, at the 
 yearly rent of 3s. dd.f Its connection with the office of 
 Sheriff does not, however, even then appear to have 
 ceased; for the County Gaol is said to have remained 
 at Old Sarum, till the time of Henry the Seventh. || 
 
 According to the Survey of Church property, made by 
 
 § Rymer Foedera, V* 3 p. 1. p. 477. 
 f Dugdale’s Baronage. 
 
 II Easton's Chronology of Remarkable Events, relative to the 
 Ciiy of New Sarum, p. 6. 
 
62 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 order of Henry the Eighth, the only Ecclesiastical Esta- 
 blishment, then existing at Old Sarum, was the free Cha- 
 pel or Hospital of St. John, to which were annexed a few 
 acres of land; estimated at the yearly value of 6s. 8d. 
 
 Its preceding and actual state is thus described by 
 Leland, who visited it in the time of Henry the Eighth, jj 
 
 Osmund, Earl of Dorchester, afterward bishop of 
 Salisbury, erected his Cathedral Church, in the West 
 part of the town, and also his palace. Whereof no token, 
 but only a chapel of our Lady, yet standing, and maintained. 
 There was a parish of the. Holy Rood, besides, in Old 
 Salisbury, and another over the East gate, whereof some 
 tokens yet remain. 
 
 ‘‘I do not perceive that there were any more gates in 
 Old Salisbury, than two : one by East, and another by 
 West. Without each of these gates was a fair suburb. 
 In the East suburb, was a parish Church of St. John,f 
 and yet there is a chapel standing. 
 
 “There have been houses in time of mind, inhabited, 
 in the East suburb of Old Sarum ; but now there is not 
 one house, neither within Old Sarum, nor without, 
 inhabited. 
 
 “There was a right fair and strong Castle, within Old 
 Salisbury, belonging to the Earls of Salisbury, especi- 
 ally the Longspees. I read that one Walter was the 
 first Earl after the Conquest. Much notable ruinous build- 
 ing of this castle yet remaineth.|| 
 
 fin diggingup the foundations of the wall bordering on the 
 road, the workmen found many bones and several skulls, which 
 were doubtless the remains of bodies, deposited in the cemetery 
 belonging to this church. 
 
 II Leiandi Itinerarium. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 63 
 
 On the attainder of Charles Lord Stourton, in the reign 
 of Queen Mary, for the murder of Mr. Hartgill and his 
 Son, the Castle reverted to the crown. In the reign of 
 James the First, we find it for the first time united to the 
 Earldom, as a property, in the possession of Sir Robert 
 Cecil, second son of Lord Burleigh, then created Earl 
 Salisbury ;* and his descendant James sold the manor to 
 Governor Pitt, in 1690. In this family it remained till 
 the death of Lord Camelford, when it fell to Lord Gran- 
 ville, who had espoused his sister. It was purchased by 
 Lord Caledon, and finally, exchanged for other estates, 
 with the present proprietor, James Alexander, Esq. Old 
 Sarum first sent members to parliament in 1294. The 
 privilege, however, was not again exercised till 1360. From 
 that period it continued to depute two representatives ; 
 and the right of election at length devolved on certain 
 persons, holding lands, within the former liberties of the 
 borough. The ceremony took place, under a tree in the 
 field, below the fortress, where the last houses are sup- 
 posed to have stood. 
 
 In 1801 the well known John Horne Tooke was re- 
 turned as member for this borough, by the influence of 
 Lord Camelford. The incident would have been little 
 worthy of notice, had it not furnished a plea, for passing a 
 law, to exclude from the House of Commons, every per- 
 
 * It IS now perhaps superfluous to observe, that the fortress 
 which bishop Wyville recovered from William Montacute, Earl of 
 Salisbury, was not the Castle of Old Sarum, but of Sherborne. 
 Those who entertained such an opinion, could not even have read 
 the inscription on his monument, in the Morning Chapel. 
 
64 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 son who had taken Deacon’s or Priest’s orde/s, or who 
 had been a minister of the Church of Scotland. f 
 
 We shall close this part of our account, with a brief 
 description of its present state. It appears to have been 
 formed on the termination of a tongue of elevated giouiid. 
 The center consists of a lofty circular mound, evidently ar- 
 tificial, surrounded with a ditch, and originally crowned 
 by the Keep or Citadel^ of the walls of which a few frag- 
 ments remain. These consist of masses of flint, chalk 
 aud rubble, cemented by lime, and once faced with hewn 
 stone. Around this truncated cone spreads a circular area, 
 nearly 2000 feet in diameter, in several places uneven, 
 and inclosed with a deep ditch, formed by scarping avvay 
 the sides of the hill, and throwing the greater part of the 
 earth outwards. The structure of the wall, which formed the 
 enceinte of the fortress, may be seen, in the fragment yet 
 remaining, on the North West, consisting of a compact 
 mass of rubble, faced with hewn stone. On the East 
 was the entrance, covered by a small square outwork, 
 bordered on three sides by a ditch, and on the opposite 
 side, was probably a postern, protected by a tower, 
 and apparently approached, from within, by a covered 
 way. 
 
 Not far from the Eastern entrance, a subterraneous 
 passage was discovered in 1795. The earth and timber, 
 with which it had been originally masked, having been 
 loosened by a sudden thaw, the whole fell in, disclosing 
 a passage, cut in the solid chalk, with the remains of 
 
 Statutes for 1801. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 65 
 
 steps towards the end, and apparently sloping to the 
 bottom of the ditch. A sinking, about the same distance, 
 to the South of the entrance, recently filled up, affords 
 reason to believe, that a similar outlet existed on that 
 side also. These passages were evidently intended to 
 facilitate retreats or sorties ; and the traces of rampes, to 
 descend from the entrance into the ditch, are unequivo- 
 cal indications, that such openings formed part of the ori- 
 ginal system of defence. On the North side of the cir- 
 cular area, is a bank, extending from the inner ditch to 
 the rampart, which may possibly have been the foundation 
 of a wall, intended to separate the ecclesiastical buildings 
 from the rest of the city, if the tradition be correct, that 
 the Cathedral stood in this quarter. At the foot of the 
 works, the foundation of a wall, composed of rubble, and 
 without towers or flank defences, may be traced round the 
 fortress. It ran from the public house, on the East side of 
 the road, to the end of the inclosure. It then proceeded 
 directly to the base of the rampart, which it skirted on the 
 North, East, and South sides; and finally again diverged 
 towards the road leading to Stratford, in the direction of a 
 scanty quickset hedge. A tumulus on the brow of the 
 opposite acclivity, and within bow shot of the outer wall, 
 is not unlikely to have served as the basis of some detached 
 work, or watch-tower. At least, from its commanding 
 situation, it v^as well adapted for the purpose. It was 
 once opened, but not found to contain any indication of 
 an interment. 
 
 This is all that now remains of Old Sarum, a city of 
 which the origin is lost in the obscurity of time. Marked 
 successively by the footsteps of the Briton, the Roman, 
 
66 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 / 
 
 the Saxon, the Dane, and the Norman ; associated in 
 recollection, with some of the most memorable events, 
 and remarkable personages, in our History; illustrated by 
 the presence or residence, of the wise, the virtuous, the 
 learned, the brave, and the accomplsihed of past ages ; 
 the aspect of its bare and solitary mound, prompts the 
 most thoughtless to moralize on the vanity of worldly gran- 
 deur, and the fleeting character of human labours, and 
 human institutions. 
 
CHAPTER. IV. 
 
 Having thus rapidly traced the fortunes of Old Sarum, 
 we hasten to conclude the remarks, which we have yet 
 to offer, respecting the modern City. 
 
 In 1361 or 1362, the long pending controversy between 
 the citizens of New Sarum, and the inhabitants of the 
 neighbouring burgh of Wilton, relative to the privilege 
 of holding a market, was brought to a legal issue. From 
 the documents on the subject, we find that the burgesses 
 of Wilton were intitled to a market weekly, for three 
 days, namely Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and that 
 any other market was forbidden to be held, within the 
 distance of two leucas* on the same days. It is stated, 
 however, that the citizens of New Sarum had lately begun 
 to hold markets on those days, to the injury of the Wil- 
 ton markets, and in contravention to the royal grants ; 
 that merchants, and others, exercising traffic, frequented 
 the City of New Sarum, to the detriment of the burgh 
 of Wilton itself, and to the prejudice of the king, as well 
 
 ^lihi^ leuca is supposed by Antiquaries to have been the ori- 
 ginal computed mile, or a distance ol* about a mile and a half, 
 according to the actual measurement. 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 as to the loss of his daughter Mary,f to whom the revenue 
 of the burgh had been assigned as a provision. Accor- 
 dingly, the Sheriff was injoined by the royal command, 
 to inhibit the citizens of New Sarum from continuing to 
 hold their markets, on the days before mentioned ; and 
 the proclamation to this effect, was inforced by legal pro- 
 cesses, directed against fifty seven persons, several being 
 apparently citizens of Salisbury, who had more particu- 
 larly offended. Afterwards an arrangement took place, 
 by which the citizens of Salisbury were probably com- 
 pelled to change the day of holding their markets, to 
 Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. f 
 
 It may not appear improper to mention, at this period, 
 an important function assigned to the civil authorities of 
 the City, In all grants, deeds of sale, and other acts of 
 a similar nature, we find, as principal witnesses, the May- 
 or, the bailiff, the two coroners, and the two provosts. 
 
 A visitation held, in 1394 by Bishop John Waltham, 
 contributes to throw some light on the state of the Eccle- 
 siastical Establishments in the City, the members of which 
 had so rapidly increased, as to need a reformation. 
 According to the inquiry, instituted on this occasion,, 
 there belonged to the Church of St. Thomas, the Rector, 
 one Parochial Chaplain, and fourteen chaplains, celebra- 
 ting in Chantries. To St. Edmund’s, the Rector, one 
 parochial chaplain, and eight chaplains attached to chan- 
 tries. To St. Martin’s, of which the Dean and Chapter 
 were Rectors, the Vicar, one parochial chaplain, and 
 
 From MS. documents. 
 
 t Mary, daughter of Edward tlie Third, espoused John, Duke 
 of Brittany, Beiham’s Genealogical Tables, p. 606. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 m 
 
 three chantry chaplains. One chaplain belonged to the 
 Hospital of the Trinity, and to St. Peter’s at Old Saruni, 
 a Rector and a chaplain. 
 
 The Canonization of Bishop Osnaund, the original and 
 munificent founder of the Church, was at this period 
 a subject of negotiation, at the Court of Rome, and crea- 
 ted a lively interest, not only in the City, which was illus- 
 trated by the miracles supposed to be wrought at his in- 
 tercession, but also in the kingdom at large. This feeling 
 is proved, by the numerous applications, which were made, 
 towards the end of the fourteenth, and beginning of the 
 fifteenth Century, for admission into the Confraternity of 
 the Church, a privilege which was expected to impart a 
 share of the spiritual benefits, to be derived from the 
 prayers, preachings, fastings, vigils and every other meri- 
 torious works, performed by its ministers, in their several, 
 capacities. Among those who personally sought and ob- 
 tained this advantage, we find in 1395 Edward, Earl of 
 Rutland, grandson of King Edward the Third ; in 1404 
 Louis the Papal N untie ; in 1406 John Beaufort, Duke 
 of Somerset, whose daughter Margaret was the mother 
 of Henry the Seventh. In 1408 Henry prince of Wales, 
 afterwards Henry the Fifth, his brother Duke Humphrey, 
 and several of their followers. In 1410 Joannah, queen 
 of Henry die fourth, with many of her Ladies and Gen- 
 tlemen. In 1413; Sir Walter Hungerford, Joannah, 
 Countess of Westmoreland, Richard Neville, her son, 
 afterwards Earl of Salisbury, and his wife Alicia, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Montacute, Lord Chancellor. In 1417 
 the Lady Matilda Lovell. In 1418 Thomas Beaufort, 
 youngest son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Exeter. In 
 
70 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 1421 Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, and Bishop of Win- 
 chester. In 1424 Eleanor, Countess of St. Amand, and 
 in 1427 Thomas Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 King Henry the Fifth appears to have passed through 
 Salisbury, probably on his way to Southampton, pre- 
 vious to his second expedition to France. In the Chap- 
 ter Books is an entry, stating that the King, the Duke 
 of York, and the Earl of Derby were present at the in- 
 thronation of Bishop Chandler, who was raised to the See 
 in 1417. The Queen, namely, Joannah, the widow of 
 Henry the Fourth, is said to have partaken of the feast 
 given in the Palace. On that occasion we are informed, 
 also, that the Vicars sang, for the amusement of the 
 royal guests. 
 
 In 1443 the city gates are supposed to have been begun. 
 Of these, the last remaining were situated at the upper 
 part of Winchester Street, and towards the upper end of 
 Castle Street. It is probable also, that a gate, or some 
 species of barrier, was formed at the top of St. Anne’s 
 and Milford Streets, and towards the Bridge leading into 
 Fisherton. 
 
 In 1457 Henry the Sixth, having liberated himself from 
 the controul of the Duke of York, by whom he had been 
 held in constraint, since the battle of St. Alban’s, came 
 to this city, lodged with the Dean, and at the Bishop’s 
 palace sat in judgment, on some delinquents of the fac- 
 tion of York. 
 
 In 1485 the Duke of Buckingham, who had at first 
 zealously promoted the nefarious designs of Richard the 
 Third, and then took arms to overthrow the usurpation he 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 71 
 
 had established, was made prisoner at the Brew in Wales. 
 He was brought to the King at Salisbury, and beheaded 
 in the Market Place, according to the summary proceed- 
 ing of the age. He is said to have been buried in the 
 Church of the Grey Friars ; and his body, or a least his 
 tomb, is supposed to have been removed to Britford, at 
 the dissolution of the monasteries. § 
 
 Several of our sovereigns are related to have visited the 
 city, in those progresses, which they were formerly accus- 
 tomed to make, through their dominions. Of these, we 
 find Henry the Seventh in 1486; Henry the Eighth, in 
 1516 and 1535 ; Edward the Sixth in 1552 ; and Queen 
 Elizabeth in 1574. 
 
 At the time of the Reformation, important changes 
 took place in the various Ecclesiastical Establishments. 
 The College of St Edmund was dissolved, and the pro- 
 perty belonging to it, being seized by the crown, was 
 conferred on Mr St. Barbe. To this grant was added, the 
 patronage of the Rectory of St. Martin, the king reserving 
 to himself the small tythes. These were subsequently 
 yielded to the incumbent. The property of the Friars 
 Preachers in Fisherton, was granted, in the twenty sixth 
 year of Henry the Eighth, to John Pollard and William 
 Byrte ; and that of the Grey Friars, Salisbury, at the 
 same period, to John Wroth. f 
 
 According to the Certification, preserved in the First 
 
 § An enorraving of a monument in the Church, assigned to the 
 Duke of Buckingham, with an investigation of the Sculptures, 
 adorning it, has been given by Sir R. C. Iloare. Hume B. 3, 
 p. 374. 
 
 4 Tanner ‘Notilia Monastica. Art. Wilts* 
 
72 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Fruits’ Office, the possessions of the See of Salisbury, in 
 this vicinity, were thus stated. 
 
 £. 5. d. 
 
 Rents of assize at Milford, yearly value 34 2 5 
 
 Demesne lands there 25 4 8 
 
 Fines and heriots of that manor . : • 3 10 0 
 
 Certain Rents, &c : 2 6 0 
 
 65 3 1 
 
 By the same document, the Corporation of the Canons 
 of Sarum, possessed : 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 The Rectory of St. Martin’s . . . : 20 0 0 
 
 Milford, or Lady Meadow 2 13 4 
 
 22 13 4 
 
 Also the rent, or farm of the Rectory of St Martin’s, 
 lying in the City of New Sarum, with all its oblations 
 and other profits. The Rectory was then held by 
 Henry Jarvis, chaplain, and was estimated at the yearly 
 value of £10. 
 
 The heads of the Lease granted by the Bishop, to Sir 
 William Herbert, in 1554, and which form the founda- 
 tion of the grant to the present lessee, W. Beckford, Esq,, 
 are here recited, to shew the nature of the tenure, and the 
 extent of the Bishop’s manorial rights and privileges. 
 
 He grants all those his Lordships and manors of Mil- 
 ford, Underditch, and Woodford, with all rights and 
 appurtenances, except the House called the Bishop’s 
 Palace, all the meadows, pastures, ground, gardens, edi- 
 fices belonging to, and adjoining the said parish of St. 
 
SALISBURY 
 
 73 
 
 Martin’s, all the houses, gardens, Cathedral Church, and 
 Church Yard, meadow and ])asture, within the precinct of 
 the Close of Sarum, belonging to the Canons, Vicars, 
 or Choristers of the City of New Sarum, the Mills within 
 the said city, the rents and proceeds of Courts, the mea- 
 dows called Great and Little Bugmore, and the City 
 of New Sarum. f 
 
 The building hitherto used as a Council House, was 
 situated at the South West Corner of the Cheese Cross. 
 But in the year 1579 a new structure was begun for the 
 purpose ; the first stone being laid by Mr. Christopher 
 Weekes, then Mayor, on the 6th of July. *‘He also 
 drave the first poste.§” In the same year it is recorded, 
 that from the prevalence of the plague, in the street lead- 
 ing to St. Edmund’s, the Mayor was chosen in St. Tho- 
 mas’ Church. 
 
 In 1603 James the First, who had then recently as- 
 cended the English throne, was compelled to quit the 
 Metropolis by the plague, and for some time took up his 
 abode at Wilton House. He was welcomed to the 
 City with great ceremony, by the Corporation and 
 inhabitants. 
 
 From this monarch, the city in 1612 obtained a new 
 Charter, which may be considered as the basis of our 
 municipal Constitution. The same year he granted also 
 a Charter to the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter, to which 
 the government of the Close owes its actual form. 
 
 In 1614 an order appears in the Corporation Ledger, 
 
 f From the documents produced in the MiHord cause. 
 § Corporation Ledger. 
 
74 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 for newly erecting and setting up a convenient place, for 
 the Judges and J ustices to sit at the time of the Assize. 
 In October 1623 we also find an entry, that a foot lifte,% 
 be provided for the Mayor, to ride to church with the 
 Judges* 
 
 In 1627 a house was built in Bugmore, for the recep. 
 tion of poor people, and diseased persons. It was after- 
 wards used as a pest-house. 
 
 On Sunday June 20, 1653, the tower of St Edmund^s 
 Church, suddenly fell, at the conclusion of tlie evening 
 Service, but the congregation were able to quit the building 
 unhurt. This providential deliverance is commemorated 
 in an inscription over the door of the present tower, whch 
 deserves notice for its pious simplicity. 
 
 “The Lord did marvellously preserve a great congrega- 
 tion of his people, from the fall of the tower in this place, 
 upon the Sabbath day, being June 26th, 1653.t’' 
 
 The plague was again so rife in the City, in the year 
 1666, that the Mayor, by a Royal order, was chosen 
 in the Close. 
 
 Almost at the commencement of the civil troubles, and 
 while both parties appeared equally matched, in strength 
 and resources, Salisbury was the scene of a vigorous skir- 
 mish between the Royal and Parliamentary forces ; the roy- 
 alists being commanded by Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and 
 the parliamentarians by General Ludlow. The interesting 
 
 § We confess our inability to decide to what class of conveyan- 
 ces this Foot lifte belonged. 
 
 f To this appropriate inscription is iinfortunatoly attached a 
 wretched chfouogram, in the words, “Prabe him ye Children,’* 
 
SALISBUP.,Y. 
 
 75 
 
 description of this affair, will be best given in the perspi- 
 cuous language of Ludlow, himself a principal actor. 
 
 Being returned to Salisbury, I was informed that the 
 enemy had put a garrison into Longford House, two 
 miles from thence, v/hereupon I resolved to fortify the 
 Belfry, in the Close, where I might keep a small guard, 
 to secure it for a horse quarter, and to that end, had summon- 
 ed workmen to perform that work. At night, having drawn 
 up my Regiment, in order to acquaint them with the neces- 
 sity that lay upon them, to be more than ordinarily diligent 
 in their duty, at that juncture, as also to divide their watches 
 between them, and to appoint the guard for that night, I 
 received an alarm of the enemies’ approach, and that they 
 were advanced as far as Amesbury.” 
 
 He then describes his progress as far as Netheravon, 
 to reconnoitre, and his retreat before the royalists, who 
 were approaching in considerable force. He thus proceeds: 
 
 At my return to Salisbury, 1 commanded all my men 
 to be upon the guard, till the morning, without unbridling 
 or unsaddling their horses. After which, I disposed my 
 prisoneis into the Belfry, and placed a guard upon them ^ 
 and having set our sentinels, I received a letter from Co- 
 lonel Norton, desiring me to send some horse to his assis- 
 tance, against some of the king’s forces, which as I was 
 reading, one of my sentinels brought me word, that the 
 enemy appeared at the Town’s end. 
 
 Whereupon I immediately mounted, with six more, 
 ordering the rest to make ready, and riding up by the Three 
 Swans, heard a great noise of horses, in the street that 
 leads into the city, from Old Sarum, which caused me to 
 
76 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 return to the Market Place. There finding many of the 
 enemies’ horse, I went by the back side of the Town House 
 through a street called the Ditch (the Canal) to my Guard, 
 which was drawn up in the Close, but very short of the num- 
 ber I expected, for some, contrary to orders, were gone to 
 bed, and others, taking the advantage of the night, had 
 stolen away ; so that those remaining, were not much above 
 thirty horse. Of these I sent ten, under a Cornet, to charge 
 them, myself followed after, with t’ne rest, and ordering 
 a trumpeter to sound in our rear, as if more were coming on. 
 
 “Passing by the chief Cross, where we where forced to 
 march one by one, and entering the Market Place, I found 
 the Cornet pickeering with the enemy, whom I, with five or 
 six of mine, charged on the left flank, so that they gave 
 ground, and thereby pressed so hard on their own men, 
 on the right, and they on their file leaders, that the whole 
 party was routed, and ran before us. We followed them 
 close in the rear, and though they made many shot at 
 me, yet I received no wound in the action. 
 
 “About a hundred of them ran through Winchester 
 Gate, to their main body, and about twice that number 
 fled up a street, called Endless Street, whom I pursuing, 
 my horse fell backwards on me, by the check I gave him. 
 But my own men coming in my rear, I soon recovered on 
 horseback, and continued the pursuit, till I found the 
 enemy make a stand, the street according to its name, 
 being walled at the farther end, and one of them breaking 
 back upon me, and leaping the brook ; but his horse losing 
 feet, threw him down, and he perceiving himself to be 
 at my mercy, desired his life. His horse I gave to one of 
 my men, who had been dismounted, and having examined 
 
SALISBURY, 
 
 77 
 
 him, found that he was a Lieutenant Colonel, his name 
 Middleton, and a papist. He assured me, that there were 
 three hundred men in the party, which we had routed, 
 three hundred appointed to second them, and three hun- 
 dred attending at the Town's end, as a reserve, and that 
 the whole body was commanded by Sir Marmaduke Lang- 
 dale. I acquainted him that my party not being so con- 
 siderable, he might probably be rescued, and therefore I 
 could not give him quarter, unless he would engage him- 
 self to be a true prisoner, which he did, upon condition, 
 he might be my prisoner, which I promised him. 
 
 ^^And now most of my men being dispersed, I lodged 
 my colours at an honest man’s house of the town, deli- 
 vered my prisoner and wounded men, to the guard in the 
 Belfry, and with five or six made my retreat through the 
 Close, by one Mrs. Sadler’s, at whose house I quartered, 
 where I found a boy standing at the door, with my suit of 
 arms, which I put on. Upon Harnham Hill, I found 
 a Cornet, with about twelve of our men, with whom I re- 
 solved to return, and march after the enemy. But when 
 we came to the Belfry, and were encouraging our little 
 guard to oppose the enemy, we discovered three of their 
 troops, marching into the Close, from the North Gate, 
 their whole body following them. Whereupon having com- 
 manded the guard to fire upon them, I charged the enemy 
 with as many of my party, as w^ere willing to follow me, 
 exchanging shot with them. Their first squadron, soon be - 
 gan to give ground, but my guard not firing upon the enemy, 
 according to my orders, and it being now grown light, they 
 soon perceived the smallness of our number, and refused to 
 run as before, so that I was forced to retire as fast as I could. 
 
78 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 with my men, one of whom carried away a sword of the 
 enemy, which was run through his arm. * * * * 
 
 ‘‘Being come to the other side of the bridge, I turned 
 about, and faced the enemy, with one of my pistols in my 
 hand, upon which they halted a little, W'hereby my men 
 had time to recover, almost to the top of Ilarnhain Hill. 
 In this posture I stood, till the enemies were come within 
 half pistol shot of me, and then made my retreat. 
 
 Upon the descent of the hill, beyond Odstock, I missed 
 the road, by reason of the snow, which lying upon the 
 ground, bad coveied the beaten way, so that I was obli- 
 ged to cross some ploughed land, to get into it again, which 
 while I was doing, one of the enemy came within shot of 
 me, and calling me by my name, asked if I would take 
 quarter. But as he rid directly upon me, armed with back 
 and breast, I fired a pistol at him, and shot him into the bel- 
 ly, by which wound he fell from his horse, and was carried to 
 the town, where he died two days after. 
 
 “Being sensible of my danger, by reason of the greatness 
 of the enemies’ number, I made the best of iny way towards 
 Fordingbridge, where having rested a little, and rallied 
 a party ofhorse, I marched with them to Southampton. 
 At that place, I endeavoured to procure some force for 
 the relief of those poor men, that were left in the Bel- 
 fry, at Salisbury, which as I was doing, I received advice, 
 that after a vigorous resistance, for the most part of that 
 day, the enemies had forced a collier to drive his cart 
 laden with coal, to the door of the Belfry, where he lost 
 his life; and with it burnt down the door, which in a day’s 
 time we should have secured with a breast work. But for 
 want thereof. Lieutenant Colonel Read was forced to 
 
Salisbury* 
 
 79 ^ 
 
 yield the place to the enemy, upon such terms as he could 
 get, which were to have their lives, and be prisoners 
 of war.f 
 
 At that fatal crisis, when the altar and the throne sank 
 under the attacks of fanaticism and rebellion, the church 
 of Salisbury was heavily visited with calamity and perse- 
 cution. The Royalties belonging to the See, together 
 with certain lands, were sold to the Mayor and Common- 
 alty of Sarum, for £3590 7s. 8d., and the Episcopal 
 palace and grounds, alienated to William and John 
 Barter for £880 2s. Od. 
 
 Amidst the sad events of an agitated period, when the 
 disappointment and suffering of all parties, hachcreated a 
 general impatience of the yoke, under which they had 
 successively groaned, the royalists of the West deemed 
 the opportunity favourable, to shake off the tyranny of 
 Cromwell. Plans were formed for an extensive rising, 
 but in no other quarter was the scheme carried into effect, 
 except in Wiltshire. On the 11th of March, 1655, Ma- 
 jor General Sir Joseph Wagstaff, Colonel Penruddocke, 
 Major Grove, and other g:entlemen of this neighbourhood, 
 collected a body of two hundred horse, and entering the 
 city, at five in the morning, surprised and made prisoners 
 of the judges and sheriff, who were then holding the As- 
 sizes. This daring enterprise might perhaps have been 
 seconded in the adjoining counties, had the actors been 
 able to make even a short stand ; but dissensions imme- 
 mediately arose among them, relative to the disposal 
 of their prisoners. After a warm altercation, they re- 
 
 f Ludlow Memoirs, V. 1, p. 136. 
 
80 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 leased the judges, and with the Sheriff in their custody^ 
 withdrew to Biandford, without waiting for the assis- 
 tance, which was expected from Hampshire. At Biand- 
 ford, they liberated the Sheriff also, and proceeded 
 Westward, discouraged and distrustful of each other. 
 Arriving in Devonshire, under the influence of such feel- 
 ings, they were easily dispersed or made prisoners, at 
 South Mol ton, by a troop of Cromwell’s horse, under the 
 command of Captain Unton Crooke. Sir Joseph Wag- 
 staff and a fortunate few escaped, but Colonel Penrud- 
 docke. Major Grove, and others were taken. Penruddocke 
 and Grove paid the penalty of their lives, being tried and 
 executed at Exeter, and others were remanded, to under- 
 go a similar fate at Salisbury.! 
 
 The following year the City Charter was renewed by 
 Cromwell, and the mayor was authorised to bear a sword, 
 with a cap of maintenance. But on the death of the usur- 
 per, and the subsequent Resoration, the See and the 
 Church were restablished in their property, and the sword, 
 the Republican emblem of civic rule, was ignominiously 
 broken at the whipping post. 
 
 That assembly of fanatics, which under the name of Bare^ 
 hones parliament, has borne the ridicule of successive ge- 
 nerations, in August 1653. passed a Jaw, for regulating 
 the solemnization of marriges. By this act, the banns were 
 to be published three successive Lord’s days, at the close 
 of the morning exercise, in the public meeting house, 
 
 ! Clarendon, V. 3, p. 556-558. Thurlow’s State Papers, V. 3. 
 Lloyd’s Memoirs, p. 555. Thorpe, one of the unfortunate gentle- 
 men who suffered at Salisbury, was interred in the Chancel of 
 Fishertoii Church. 
 
SALISBUPvY. 
 
 Si 
 
 commonly called the Church or Chapelj or if the parties 
 so desired, in the Market Place, three market days, in three 
 successive weeks, between the hours of eleven and two/^ 
 The candidates for matrimony were then to appear be- 
 fore a justice of peace for the County, or the mayor of 
 a corporate town, and pledge their faith, in the following 
 manner. The man taking the woman by the hand, was 
 distinctly to say “I, A. B. do, here, in the presence of God, 
 the searchei of all hearts, take thee C. D. for my wedded 
 wife, and do also in the presence of God, and before these 
 witnesses, promise to be unto thee, a loving and faithful 
 husband.” The woniati made a similar declaration, adding 
 the word obedient, 
 
 A Registrar was appointed in each parish, for superin- 
 tending the requisite forms ; a record of the transaction 
 might if desired, be lodged with the Clerk of the peace 
 for the county ; and all disputes relative to marriages or com- 
 pacts, were to be decided at the General Quarter Sessions. 
 
 To satisfy the curiosity of the reader, we subjoin a few 
 extracts from the Registers, during the time that the most 
 solemn and most important of compacts, was thus degraded 
 nearly to a level with a bargain for cattle. It is remark- 
 able, that although all other marriages were declared in- 
 valid, not more than one in six of the parishioners of 
 St. Edmund's, appear to have conformed to this law. |1 In 
 
 f ScobelPs Acts and Ordinances of the Parliament, Anno 1653. 
 Hume’s observation, that these legislators had not time to linish 
 any of their extraordinary schemes, may perhaps appear too ge- 
 neral. They in fact passed several laws, on subjects of finance, 
 law, and manufacture, and sat from July to December, before 
 they discovered their incapacity to govern. 
 
 jj From the Register ofSt. Edmund’s. 
 
82 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 the Parish of St. Thomas, the antient ceremony was oc- 
 casionally revived, in the years 1658 and 1659. 
 
 ‘^‘December 28th., 1653, William Poore, married to 
 Margaret Clarke, by Mr. Fiancis Dove, justice.^ 
 
 ‘‘Jan. 12, 1654, William Smith, soiine of Mr. Tho- 
 mas Smith, of this parish, and Catherine Newe, daugh- 
 ter of Christopher Newe, of St. Marlin’s parish, were 
 published three several market days, three several weeks, 
 in the market place, by George Nicholas. 
 
 “Rowland Platt, of Tollard Royall, in this county. Esq., 
 and Mrs. Prudence Swanton, daughter of Francis Swan- 
 ton, Esq., were published three several weeks, in the 
 marketplace, the 4 th, 11th, and 18 th, May, 1658.’’ 
 
 Salisbury was no less than six times visited by the 
 plague, namely in 1356; 1563; 1579; 1604; 1627 ; 
 1666. The last of these visitations, which occurred the 
 year after the plague of London, was fatal to no fewer 
 than si^ hundred persons. At this period, the Mayor, 
 by an order from the King, was chosen in the Close. 
 
 After the Restoration, a project which had originally been 
 suggested by John Taylor, called the Water foet^ was re- 
 sumed, for rendering the river Avon navigable to Christ- 
 church. It was warmly promoted by Bishop Seth Ward, 
 who not only contributed to the expense of the undertak- 
 ing, but gave an example of zeal for the cause, by cast- 
 ing up the first spade-full of earth, with his own hands. 
 The scheme proved abortive, as might justly have been ex- 
 pected, from the difficulty, if not impossibility, of render- 
 ing Christchurch a port for vessels, even of inconsiderable 
 burthen. 
 
CHAPTER. V. 
 
 In 1675 the Charter granted by Janies the First was 
 confirmed and amended by Charles the Second. But 
 among the usurpations, which disgraced the latter years of 
 that monarch, we may include the resumption of the 
 Charter of Salisbury, which was surrendered by compul- 
 sion, on the 26th of September 1684. His brother, James 
 the Second, granted a new Charter, on the 7th of March, 
 1685, though to secure the subservience of the Corpora^ 
 tion, the office of Recorder was vested in the Earl of Ro- 
 chester, who was also empowered to nominate his deputy. 
 Still, however, the incroaching spirit of James was not 
 satisfied. Under frivolous pretences, the Privy Coun- 
 cil displaced the Mayor, and twenty five members of the 
 Corporation, and a writ of mandamus was issued, to 
 supply their places, with more convenient instruments of 
 the Royal pleasure.* 
 
 The public career of this bigotted and domineering mon- 
 arch was, however, at this period drawing to a close, and 
 
 sr- Charters of the City MSS. Also, a pamphlet on the res- 
 pective privileges &c., of the Recorder and Deputy Recorder, 
 irom the pen of Robert Benson, Esq , Deputy Recorder. 
 
 Fortunately for the reading public, Mr. Benson has undertaken 
 the portion relating to Salisbury, in the extensive History of Wilt- 
 shire, already mentioned. No one possesses greater advantages, 
 or is more capable of doing justice to the subject. 
 
84 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Salisbury may be regarded as almost the last scene, in which 
 he was permitted to exercise the functions of royalty. 
 On the debarkation of the prince of Orange at Torbay, 
 and his advance to Exeter, James drew his disposable 
 force to Salisbury, where he established his head quar- 
 ters, on the 19th of November, 1688. But he found 
 the spirit of disaffection so rapidly spreading, that in two 
 days he deemed it prudent to return towards the metro- 
 polis. This retrograde movement was the crisis of his 
 fate. He was first deserted by several persons of rank,^ 
 among whom was Lord Churchill, afterwards distin- 
 guished as Duke of Marlborough ; and on reaching An- 
 dover, he was abandoned by prince George of Denmark, 
 his Son in law. To shew that his cause was utterly los4 
 his daughter, the princess Anne, at the same time quitted 
 London, and retired to Northampton, from whence she 
 was escorted to Oxford, and there met by her husband, 
 with a detachment from the army of the prince of Orange. 
 
 In 1762 the present bridge over the Avon, connecting 
 Fisherton with Salisbury was rebuilt. 
 
 This period was marked by the establishment of an 
 Institution, of the most benevolent character, and most 
 extensive utility. In the year 1763, Anthony Lord 
 Feversham, bequeathed £500 to the first public asylum 
 for the sick, which should be founded in the Coun- 
 ty of Wilts, within the space of five years. Such a sum, 
 though small in comparison to the object, was yet suffi- 
 cient to avvaken public benevolence. A liberal sub- 
 scription was immediately raised. The first stone was 
 laid in 1767, by the Duke of Queensbury, assisted by 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 85 
 
 the Earls of Pembroke and Radnor, ^nd the building 
 was opened for the reception of patients, in 1770. 
 
 On the 15th of November, 1780, Joseph Hinxman 
 Esq , after being sworn into the office of Mayor, gave 
 the customary entertainment at the Council House. The 
 company, however, had not long departed, before the 
 attic story of the building was discovered to be on fire. 
 Prompt assistance was given, and by nine in the morn- 
 ing, the conflagration was subdued. The Corporation 
 chests, containing the charters and records of the City, 
 were saved, as were the paintings in the Council Cham- 
 ber; but the edifice was so far injured, that a design was 
 formed, for replacing it with one more extensive and com- 
 modious. This was liberally accomplished, by the late 
 Earl of Radnor, Recorder of the city, at his own 
 expense. The foundation stone was laid in September, 
 1788, and on the ?3rd of September, 1795, the building 
 was completed, and used for its intended purposes. 
 
 A second attempt, to open a navigable communication 
 with the sea, was made in 1795. A project was formed 
 for a canal, commencing at the town of Southampton, 
 and passing through Millbrook and Redbridge, where it 
 was to join that leading to Andover. It was to diverge 
 from the Andover Canal, at Kimbridge Mill, in the pa- 
 rish of Michael Marsh, and passing through the parishes 
 of Mottisfont, Lokerly, East and West Dean, the two 
 Grimsteads, Alderbury, Peters-finger, Laverstock, and 
 Milford, to terminate near the Church of St. Martin's, 
 Salisbury. The Stock of this Company, m the first in-, 
 stance, was fixed at £56,000, divided into 560 equal 
 Shares of £100 each ; but if a larger fund was found ne- 
 
86 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 cessary, they were empowered to raise the additional sum 
 of £30,000, one half by shares, and the other by mort- 
 gage. The general management was to be confided to a 
 committee of twenty two shareholders, ten from Salis- 
 bury, or the neighbourhood, ten from Southampton, and 
 two from Bristol, The committee was to be anually cho- 
 sen, in such a manner, that half its members should be 
 regularly replaced by others. f 
 
 The design was practicable, and would have proved a 
 source of essential benefit, to places situated on every point 
 of the line ; but in consequence of the mismanagement of 
 the funds, and a total want of skill, in the execution of 
 the work, the patience and hopes of the subscribers were 
 exhausted, and it was necessarily relinquished, after a 
 considerable part of the excavations had been made, and 
 probably the far greater portion of the expense incurred. 
 
 The trade in narrow cloths, flannels, and other woollen 
 fabrics, appears to have been established in Salisbury, at 
 an early period ; and towards the close of the last century^ 
 had attained a high degree of prosperity. The Salisbury 
 manufacturers were, however, gradually overborne, by 
 the superior capital, enterprise, and advantages of those 
 in the North, and on the promulgation of the continental 
 system, by Buonaparte, the trade may be said to have 
 sunk intirely. In this branch of industry little is now done. 
 
 The manufacture of Carpets, for which Wilton was for- 
 merly so celebrated, may however, be considered as yet 
 connected with this City. It is in a certain degree iden- 
 tified with the establishment of Messrs. Stevens, Black- 
 
 f Act of Parliament for the formation of the Canal. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 S7 
 
 more, and Sons, as a manufactory of carpets is still carried 
 on at Wilton, by the Sons of one of the members of that firm. 
 
 The Cutlery trade, also, once conferred on the city, a 
 considerable degree of celebrity. The competition of Bir- 
 mingham and Sheffield has, however circumscribed the 
 sphere of the Salisbury manufacturer, though the arti- 
 cles of our fabric, have in no degree lost that superiority, 
 which they were formerly acknowledged to possess. 
 
 The County Gaol, near Fisheiton Bridge, having been 
 found inconvenient and unhealthy, a new and more ex- 
 tensive building of the kind, v/as erected on the rising 
 ground, beyond the turnpike gate, to the right of ihe 
 Devizes road. It was commenced in 1818, and finished 
 and occupied in August, 1822. The expence amounted to 
 nearly £28,000. It contains seven different court yards. 
 Of these, two are appropriated for felons, and one for 
 offenders, committed by the authorities of the City. This 
 court is subdivided, to permit a classification of the City 
 prisoneis. One court is for the use of the debtors, one 
 for those from the county court, and one is reserved for 
 contingent purposes. There are also two smaller yards, 
 connected with sections of the building, for female prison- 
 ers. A large structure in the center of the prison, is di- 
 vided, to allow one moiety for the residence of the gover- 
 nor, and matron. The other moiety was originally intended 
 for female debtors, but is now generally occupied by female 
 prisoners, of a subordinate class. Within is also a Cha- 
 pel, for the inmates of the prison, beyond which is an 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 S8 
 
 closure, forming a portion of the seven courts, used f(M* 
 female debtors. The number of sleeping cells amounts 
 to ninety six, exclusive of the lodgings in the debtors' 
 wards. 
 
 From the first establishment of the City, as a borough^ 
 the privilege of electing two representatives, appears to 
 have been exercised by the Mayor and Corporation. But 
 in 1833 the Reform Act came into operation, and the 
 Elective franchise was extended to the inhabitant househol- 
 ders, on the same conditions as elsewhere. The limits of the 
 borough, as newly constituted, are: From the South 
 Western extremity of the wall of the poor house, Fisher- 
 ton, in a straight line, to a point on the Wilton road, 
 three hundred and thirty yards, distant from the place, 
 where it diverges from the Devizes road ; thence in a 
 straight line, to a point in the Devizes road, six hundred and 
 forty yards distant from the same separation of the two 
 roads ; thence in a straight line to the point, where the 
 Stratford road joins that to Marlborough ; next to the 
 point, called the Whipping-cross tree ; then to the point, 
 where the Salisbury road to Laverstock, joins the road 
 from Salisbury to Clarendon ; afterwards to the point 
 where the Eastern boundary of the City touches the Avon ; 
 along the Avon to the junction with the Nadder; and 
 along the Nadder, to the point from whence the boun- 
 dary commenced. 
 
 At the Election^ which took place December, 1833, 
 the candidates were Wadham Wyndham, Esq., and 
 the Hon. Captain Bouverie, the former representatives ; 
 and William Bird Brodie, Esq. , who then offered himself 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 89 
 
 to the choice of the new constituency. The number of 
 
 votes were for : 
 
 Plumpers, Split, 
 
 Total. 
 
 Brodie 
 
 14 
 
 378 
 
 392 
 
 Wyndham 
 
 116 
 
 152 
 
 268 
 
 Bouverie 
 
 7 
 
 278 
 
 265 
 
 Mr. Brodie and Mr. Wyndham were accordiugly re- 
 turned ; but this election was subsequently set aside, by 
 the decision of a Committee of the House of Commons, 
 who declared Captain Bouverie to have been duly elected- 
 
 We shall here subjoin a brief description of the princi. 
 pal buildings of the city § 
 
 The Church of St. Thomas first claims our attention. 
 It consists of a nave and chancel, each with two aisles. 
 On the southern side is a handsome quadrangular tower, 
 over the door of which are the figures of the Virgin Mary^ 
 bearing the Infant Jesus, and the patron saint, Thomas a 
 Becket. The Church itself is a fine specimen of the ar- 
 chitecture of the fourteenth century ; and requires only 
 to be disencumbered of the additions of later times, to 
 awaken admiration. || On removing the white wash from 
 the wall, which divides the church from the chancel, a 
 
 § In adverting to our architectural antiquities, we have great 
 satisfaction, in recommending to the notice of strangers, the Pic- 
 turesque Memorials of Salisbury?, by the Rev. Peter Hall, late 
 Curate of St. Edmund’s. 
 
 II Several parts of this structure, and especially the West win- 
 dow, which is 30 feet high by 18 feet 6 inches wide, have been 
 restored by our townsman, Mr. Osmund. It is but justice to this 
 unassumiug, though ingenious man, to say, that he has the taste 
 and judgment to discern, and the skill to imitate, the peculiar 
 beauties of our antient architecture. The monuments of the late 
 Bishop Fisher and of Mrs. Slade, in the principal transept of the 
 Cathedral, are small but admirable speciinens of his workmanship. 
 
90 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 curious antique painting was discovered. It.exhibited a 
 striking representation of the last Judgment. Our Sa- 
 viour was depicted, as seated on a rainbow, with the twelve 
 Apostles at his feet^ and in the back ground, the city of 
 the New Jerusalem. On one hand, the graves were giving 
 up their dead, and on the other, the wicked were plunged 
 into that fire, which is never quenched. On the sides of the 
 arch below, were two figures, one of which was recognised, 
 as Archbishop Becket. The whole was, after a short 
 interval, again covered with a coat of white wash.f 
 
 On the right side of the west door, a singular piece of 
 sculpture in wood, generally attracts the attention of the 
 passing stranger. It is a representation, in alto relievo, 
 of Abraham offering up Isaac, and Jacob’s Dream, with 
 other figures, of which the purpose is not so obvious. 
 It is the monumental memorial of Humphry Beckham, a 
 self taught sculptor of the City, who died in 1671, and with 
 a pardonable vanity, evidently intended this production to 
 remain, as a lasting proof of his professional skill. 
 
 At the time of the Ecclesiastical Survey, made by order 
 of Henry the Eighth, there were three Chantries established 
 in this church, two by Robert Godmanston, valued each 
 at £6. 13s. 4d. and one by William Swayne, valued 
 at £10. 13s. 5d. The living is a perpetual Curacy, in the 
 gift of the Dean and Chapter. 
 
 St Edmund’s consists of a nave, with two aisles, and a 
 
 f This curious painting has been rescued from oblivion, by the 
 collect and ready pencil of Miss. Wickens of the Close. To 
 this Lady, who to many elegant accomplishments, adds an en- 
 lighted taste for antiquities, the public are indebted for graphic 
 representations of many architectural remains, now destroyed. 
 
SALISBURY 
 
 91 
 
 chancel. At the west end is a quadrangular tower. The 
 architecture may be assigned to the middle of the fifteenth 
 century, and presents no particular claim to notice. The 
 original Collegiate Church was much more spacious. 
 Over the altar is a window of stained glass, representing 
 the Resurrection, which was presented to the parish, by 
 the late Samuel Whitchurch Esq. Its execution is high- 
 ly creditable to the talent of Eginton.|| 
 
 At the time of the Ecclesiastical Survey, we find here a 
 Chantry of St. Catharine, valued at 100 shillings, and 
 another, founded by Reginald de Tudworth, estimated at 
 106 shillings yearly. The living is a Rectory, in the gift 
 of the Bishop. 
 
 Adjoining the cemetery is the College, the seat of Wad- 
 ham Wyndham Esq. a plain but substantial structure. 
 In the grounds is an antient porch, once attached to the 
 Cathedral, at the North end of the principal transept, 
 and erroneously supposed to have been brought from Old 
 Sarum. Its architecture shews it to belong to the early 
 part of the fourteenth century. On levelling the ground, 
 within the inclosure, were discovered in 17 71 the moul- 
 dering bones of nearly thirty bodies, and several bosses of 
 shields. They were considered 'as the remains of those 
 who fell in the conflict, between the Saxons under Cynric 
 and the Britons. It is not indeed impossible, that a 
 party of the Britons, when cut off from the fortress, may 
 have here struggled in vain, to affect a retreat across the 
 low, and perhaps marshy ground, bordering the river. 
 
 II The Cemetery of* St. Edmund’s Church is quadrangular, and 
 bordered by delightful avenues of trees. Unfortunately, the most 
 frequented of these, is dishguved by the erection of an iron railing, 
 which appears to be as useless in fact, as it is offensive to the eye. 
 
92 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 This discovery is commemorated in an inscription, placed 
 over the spot, by the late H. P. Wyndham Esq. 
 
 At the upper part of the City, on the right of the Sou- 
 thampton Road, stands the church of St. Martin. It con- 
 sists of a nave and aisles, with a chancel, and at the west 
 end, a tower surmounted by a smalTspire. The architec- 
 ture of no part is earlier than the middle of the fourteenth 
 Century. The Hying is now a Rectory, in the gift of Mr. 
 Wyndham. 
 
 The Council House, which has been altered and enlarged, 
 with more attention to convenience, than to architectura 
 beauty, is a square building of brick, with a doric portico 
 towards the West. The council room is 75 feet long, 
 and 24 in height and width ; and forms the Eastern por- 
 tion of the structure. In this apartment, the Court of 
 Common Council is held, and the Mayor and Corpora- 
 tion give their entertainments. Towards the South and 
 West; are the two courts of J ustice, with a private room 
 for the judges ; and in the centre is a lobby, and an apart- 
 ment for one of the Mayor s officers. Above stairs are 
 the Grand Jury room, and apartments for the use of the 
 town Clerk. In the rooms are portraits of the different 
 benefactors to the City. 
 
 Beyond the South Western Corner of the Market 
 place, is the lower story of an antient Cross, called the 
 Poultry Cross. It is evidently of the beginning of the 
 fourteenth Century, when so many striking and beautiful 
 sttuctures of the kind, adorned our towns and public 
 ways. An idle tale has been related, that it was erected, 
 in penance, either by one of the Montacutes, at the in- 
 junction of Bishop Erghum ; or by a person of the name 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 93 
 
 of Laurence, in the reign of Richard the Second. It is 
 needless to controvert such conjectures, when we are en- 
 abled to state, that the Cross was existing, and bore the 
 same name as at present, before the time of 
 or that of Richard the Second. In a deed, dated Novem- 
 ber 8, 1335, containing a conveyance of two houses, in the 
 Market Place, to the Dean and Chapter, by Walter and 
 John Beneyt, for the establishment of a chantry, it is 
 described as the High Cross, where Poultry is sold § 
 
 In the High Street is a building of some antiquity, with 
 two large projecting bay windows in front. It was piob- 
 ably at first a hostelry for the reception of pilgrims, visiting 
 the Cathedral, and afterwards attained considerable 
 celebrity as an inn. The ornamental wood work of the 
 gateway, may be ascribed to the fifteenth century. The 
 building now used as a workhouse, near Crane Bridge, 
 bears also an appearance of antiquity. 
 
 On the Canal, was formerly an extensive quadrangular 
 building, inclosing a court, to which there was an en- 
 trance, under a large pointed arch-way. The front is 
 now completely modernised ; but at the back of that part 
 occupied by Mr. Payne, was an entrance hall, stair- 
 case and gallery, which are now opened into one capacious 
 room. The windows, which are divided into several lights, 
 by stone mullions, were decorated with armorial bearings 
 and devices in stained glass; and the roof, which is formed 
 of dark wood, is no discreditable specimen of antient car- 
 pentry. f The structure appears to belong to the middle 
 of the fifteenth century. No documents are extant to 
 
 § Historical Account of the Cathedral. 
 
94 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 indicate the purpose for which it was intended, nor by 
 whom it was originally possessed, nor do the armorial 
 bearings suffice to satisfy curiosity. The arms of the 
 family of Hall, occupy, indeed, a conspicuous situation in 
 the windows, and over the fire place, coupled with the 
 merchant’s mark, and are impaled with those of Hunger, 
 ford, a member of which family, Sir Thomas Hungerford 
 of Down Ampney, eldest Son of Sir Edmund Hunger- 
 ford, and grandson of Walter Lord Hungerford, espoused 
 Christian, the daughter of John Hall, merchant of Salis- 
 bury. § This position of the armorial bearings, appears to 
 indicate that the building was erected, or that it was at least 
 permanently occupied by the Halls. But there are other 
 arms, which have no relation to either of these families, and 
 which might be adduced as a proof, that the structure was in 
 some way connected with the Montacutes and Nevilles^ 
 Earls of Salisbury. We shall specify the bearings, as they 
 originally appeared. 
 
 In the upper pait of the first window was argent, a 
 chevron sable, charged with an etoile of seven points or. 
 
 f Great credit is due to Mr. Payne, the proprietor of these pre- 
 mises, for the expence he has incurred, in preserving so inter- 
 esting a relic as this noble apartment. It could scarcely have 
 been made to harmonise better with modern uses, than by the dis- 
 pla^i of an elegant assortment of china, in all its glowing tints and 
 varied forms. Mr. Bcareis also intitled to the praise of restoring the 
 apartment to its pristine beauty. In his arrangement of the 
 original glass, and his own tasteful additions, he has happily pre- 
 served the rich, yet mellow tone of antiquity. Mr. Frederic Fisher 
 who planned and superintended the alterations, has executed his 
 task, with equal skill and judgement. 
 
 § She died in 1504 or 1505, and was buried in the monastery of 
 our Lady of Cirencester. For this, and and other information, on 
 the subject of these armorial bearings, the writer is indebted to the 
 kindness of the Rev E. Duke. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 95 
 
 between three columbines azure, slipped proper, the bear- 
 ing of the family of Hall of Coventry. With this is im- 
 paled, on the sinister side, the merchant’s mark. The 
 same bearing and the mark, are carved over the fire place. 
 
 Also, sable two bars argent, in chief three plates of the 
 second, with a mullet for difference. The arms of the 
 Hunger ford family, new, but copied from the original glass. 
 
 Hung erf or d, with a label of three points for difference, 
 impaling HalL This indicates the marriage above 
 mentioned. 
 
 A sword and key in saltire, or. Probably the antient 
 arms of the City of Salisbury, 1| impaling quarterly 1 and 
 4 argent, three fusils in gules, Montacitte : 2 and 3 an 
 eagle displayed or, armed gule^, Monthermer^ These 
 last arms might have been borne by John Montacute^ 
 Earl of Salisbury, whose mother Margaret, was daughter 
 and heiress of Thomas Lord Monthermer. 
 
 Vert an Eagle displayed, or, armed gules, Monthermer 
 
 Quarterly 1 and 4 Montacute, 2 and 3, gules, a saltire 
 argent, over all, a label of three points, gohony, argent, 
 and azure, Neville. In this escutcheon the usual order 
 of quartering appears unaccountably reversed. It would 
 
 II According to Gwillim, the antient arms of Salisbury were 
 azure, a sword argent, bilt and pommel, or, surmounted by a key 
 of the last. On a chief argent, three lozenges gules. This last 
 bearing, which is that of the Montacutes, may have been merely 
 honorary, and assumed in compliment to that family. The same 
 arms arc given as those of the City, namely, a sword and key in 
 Saltire, or, with three lozenges in fess, gules, on a chief argent, in 
 the work of Speed, published in 1627. — A shield, with the sword 
 and key in saltire, or, without the bearing in chief, was originally 
 placed in one of the windows of the Chapter House; but is now 
 behind the Gorges monument, at the end ol the North aisle of the 
 Choir, in the Cathedral. 
 
96 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 of riVht belong to Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, 
 called the king-maker, who was the son of Richard Ne- 
 ville, Earl of Salisbury, by Alice, daughter and heiress 
 of Thomas Montacute, the last Earl of Salisbury of 
 that name. 
 
 A general shield, in which six bearings can be distin- 
 guished. 1 guleSy a fess between six cross-crosslets, or, 
 Beauchamp, 2 Montacute^ 3 Monthermer, 4 Neville, 
 5, or, 3 ehevronelles gules, Clare, 6 In the center, as if 
 on an escutcheon of pretence, cheeky or and azure, a 
 chevron ermine. This was the antient bearing of the Earls 
 of Warwick, of the family of Newburgh, from whom 
 the families of Beauchamp and Neville traced their 
 descent, in the female line. These bearings might 
 have belonged to Henry Beauchamp, duke of Warwick, 
 and King of the Isle of Wight, who espoused Cecily, 
 daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Or 
 they may have been assumed by Richard Neville, the 
 king-maker, in right of his wife Anne, the sister and 
 heiress of this Duke of Warwick. 
 
 The Royal arms, France and England quarterly, and 
 
 The same repeated, with a label of three points for 
 difference. 
 
 These last arms v/ere held by a figure, represented 
 in the costume of the middle of the fifteenth century, 
 which is now transferred to the opposite window. Possi- 
 bly the two shields may have belonged to Richard the Third , 
 and to Edward prince of Wales, his son by Anne, daugh- 
 ter of Richard Neville, and relict of Edward, Son of 
 King Henry the Sixths She is the Lady Anne of 
 Shakespeare. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 97 
 
 There are also two roses, one white and red intermix- 
 ed, and the other white, with the center red, surmoun- 
 ted! by a ducal crown. The cognisance of the Bear, also, 
 formerly appeared in several places, and the letter H, in- 
 termixed with small ducal coronets, filled the rounds at the 
 heads of the windows. The motto Crede, on a label 
 in pale, appears to have been so repeated, as to cover 
 the otherwise vacant portions of each light; 
 
 In St. Anne’s Street, tradition places the site of the 
 Convent of Black Friars. No trace of such a building 
 now remains, except the name of the Friary, by which 
 the premises are still known. 
 
 Two of the Canonical Houses in the Close, exhibit a 
 character of remote antiquity. Attached to that occu- 
 pied by the Rev. W. L. Bowles, are the remains of a 
 chapel, coeval with the Cathedral itself.* The mansion 
 cannot fail to attract attention, as successively the resi- 
 dence of two gentlemen, equally eminent in their re- 
 spective departments of Literature. In the court, is a 
 monument, erected by the present occupant, to the me-- 
 mory of his predecessor, with the following brief, but 
 appropriate inscription : 
 
 M 
 
 Gul^i Coxe 
 Lileris per Europam 
 illustris 
 W. L. B. 
 
 Successor 
 
 his iEdibus Canonicis 
 
 P. 
 
 M.D.CCC.XXX. 
 
 H 
 
98 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Towards the bottom of the Close, is an antiquated man- 
 sion, long known as the “King’s [House,'" and probably 
 occupied by former soveieigns, in their progresses. It 
 belongs to Lieut. General Sir John Slade. 
 
 The last remains of the College, or House of St Ni- 
 cholas de Valle, have been removed within a few years. 
 The site is now occupied by a Row of Houses, under the 
 name of De Vaux Place, 
 
 Near the North entrance to the Close, is a structure, 
 called the “Widow’s College.” This Establishment was 
 founded by Bishop Seth Ward, in 1687, and endowed 
 with revenues, for the maintenance of ten widows of Cler- 
 gymen, belonging to the Established Church. An 
 addition of 2000 guineas was made to the funds of this 
 College, by the late W. B. Earle, Esq. of the Close. 
 
 The Infirmary is a large, plain, quadrangular building 
 of brick, situated within the parish of Fisherton. It is 
 pointed out to public notice, by the Inscription 
 “General Infirmary, supported by volun-” 
 TARY Contribution, 1767.” 
 
 The interior is well arranged, for the various purposes 
 of such an institution. The skill and attention of the 
 Medical offi4?ers are intitled to the highest praise, and the 
 different branches of its internal economy are managed, 
 with a care and regularity truly laudable. Since the 
 first foundation of the Establishment, the total number of 
 patients admitted, is 28,336 ; of these^l 1,478 have been dis* 
 charged, perfectly cured. The amount of Subscriptions 
 and benefactions, from the commencement, is £2 13,589 ; 
 of disbursements, under different heads, £1 17,471. f 
 
 4 Report of the year 1833. 
 
SALISBURY 
 
 99 
 
 Few cities of equal extent, can boast of as many Bene- 
 factions and charitable EstabHshments, as Salisbury, 
 They are here briefly recapitulated. 
 
 St. Nicholas’s Hospital, near the bank of the Avon, 
 for the reception of six men, and as many women. Of 
 these, five men and six women are nominated by the 
 master, and one by the Dean and Chapter. The master, 
 who must be a Clergyman of the Established Church, is 
 appointed by the Bishop. The pay to each individual is 
 nearly 8 shillings weekly, half of which arises from a lib- 
 eral donation, by Bishop Barrington, of a bequest made to 
 him, by Mr Emily, a former master. 
 
 The Trinity Hospital, in Trinity Street, founded in 
 1420, by John Chandler, for twelve poor men, who enjoy 
 each an allowance of 3s. fid. weekly. Masters, the 
 Mayor and Corporation. 
 
 Bricket’s Hospital, Exeter Street, founded in 1519, for 
 six poor widows. Pay originally Is. fid. weekly, but in- 
 creased to 3s. fid. by an annual grant from Popple’s chari- 
 ty. In the gift of the Corporation. 
 
 Eyre’s Hospital, Winchester Street, founded in lfil7, 
 for six men and their wives. Pay originally 2s.; but in- 
 creased from Popple’s fund, to 3s. fid. weekly, during 
 their joint lives, and 3s. to the survivor. 
 
 Blechynden’s Hospital, Winchester Street, founded 
 in lfi83, tor six women. Pay 2s. weekly. Trustees 
 six gentlemen of Salisbury, the Corporation being ex- 
 pressly excluded. 
 
 Taylor’s Hospital, Bed win Street, founded in lfi98, 
 for six men. Pay increased to 3s. fid. weekly, frorn 
 popple’s Charity. 
 
100 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Frowd's Flospital, in Bedwin Street, established m 
 1750, for six men, and six women. Allowance, 4s. weekly. 
 Trustees, six gentlemen of the parish of St. Edmund. 
 
 Mrs. Joan Popple, who died in 1572, left by will, cer- 
 tain houses, situated in Basinghall Street, London, the 
 rents of which were to be distributed to the poor of the 
 City,^as the Corporation should direct. At present near- 
 ly thirty pensioners enjoy an allowance of 3s. 6d. weekly,, 
 from this charity, besides the increase made to the pay 
 of different Alms Houses. From the same source 220 
 crowns are yearly distributed by the Corporation, to as 
 many poor inhabitants. The Corporation have dedi- 
 cated a tablet, to the memory of this liberal benefactress,. 
 in St. Thomas’ Church,^ where she was interred. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Smith, left by will £2000 to the minister 
 and Church wardens of St. Edmund’s, the interest of 
 which was to be paid, in weekly Sums of 5s. to four men,, 
 and as many women, resident for ten years, in that parish.. 
 
 Mr. William Ghost, clothier, left £1000 Bank annui - 
 ties, the interest to be paid weekly to six pool weavers,, 
 not receiving parish allowance. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Newham, in 1807 gave the interest of 
 £1000, 4 per cent Bank annuities, to be annually dis- 
 tributed to eight poor housekeepers, of the parish of St. 
 Martin’s, who are members of the Church of England. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cooksey, left four tenements in Gigant 
 Street, to be inhabited as Alms Houses, by men and 
 their wives. To this was added, the bequest of 
 £2000, 4 per cents, the interest of which was to be paid 
 to each of the occupants of these houses, making 5 shil- 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 101 
 
 lings weekly. If the man or woman die, the survivor is 
 to receive 3s. 6d. weekly. In the gift of the Church- 
 wardens and Vestry of St Martin’s. 
 
 Mr. Richard Earlsman, who died on the 31st. of May, 
 1831, may be commemorated among the most liberal 
 benefactors to the city. To the Infirmary, he gave and 
 bequeathed the sum of £500. To six poor men, of the 
 Parish of St. Thomas, five shillings weekly, and to six 
 poor widows of the City, the like sum. An appren- 
 tice fee for three boys annually. To the Baptist, Wesley- 
 arr, and Independent Chapels, in Brown Street, Scot’s 
 Lane, and Endless Street, the interest of £1180. Be- 
 sides these gifts and bequests, he left to the London 
 Hibernian Missionary Society £250 ; to the Society for 
 converting the Jews £250 ; to the Wilts and Somerset 
 Societies £100 each. The interest arising from the re- 
 mainder of his personal property, was to be distributed 
 to the poor of the City, annually, for ever. His execu- 
 tors, Mr. William Smith and Mr. Joseph Sanger, have 
 laudably commemorated his munificence, by a tablet in 
 his parish Church of St. Thomas. 
 
 Sir Thomas White gave by will, to the Mayor and 
 Commonalty of the City, £104 at certain periods, for 
 Bver, to be lent out in sums of £25 for ten years, without 
 interest, to tradesmen of the City. John Duke of So- 
 merset, left also a sum of money, which is vested by 
 the Corporation in an Estate in Dorsetshire. The 
 rent is applied to place out apprentices. There are 
 ^ther charities of less moment, for various purposes. 
 
 In different parts of the City are certain free tenements. 
 
102 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Those which more particiildily merit notice, are thirteen 
 presented to the Corporation, by the late W. Hussey, Esq. 
 At his death they were endowed with a weekly stipend of 
 3s. 6d. for men and their wives. 
 
 In Fisherton, is an Alms House, built and endowed 
 by the late Mrs. Hay ter. Lady of the manor, for six 
 poor widows of that parish. The appointment is vested 
 in the Dean of Sarum, the Vicar of Fisherton, the Rec- 
 tor of Bemerton, and the perpetual curate of St. Thomas. 
 Pay 5s weekly^ 
 
 Several companies formerly existed in Salisbury, such 
 as the Tailors, the Bakers, § the Wool Combers, the 
 Weavers, the Tuckers or Fullers, the Shoemakers, the 
 Joiners, &.c. Of the Halls belonging to these Societies, 
 four only remain, that of the Tailors, in Milford Street, 
 of the Wool Combers, in Church Street, of the Joiners, 
 in St. Anne’s Street, and of the Shoemakers, in Salt 
 Lane. Of these companies, the only one, now existing, 
 which received the sanction of the Royal authority, is 
 that of the Tailors. They were incorporated, under a 
 charter of Edward the Fourth, in 1461, by the 
 appellation of the Wardens and Fellowship of the Mys- 
 tery of Tailors, and Brothers and Sisters of the Brother- 
 
 § The only memorial extant of this Company, which has long been 
 dissolved, is the portrait, on wood, of a benefactor, William Wen- 
 dover, who by the address of a letter in his hand, appears to have 
 been a Hamburgh Merchant. Round the frame is the following 
 inscription. “William Wendover, Merchant of New Sarum, Hath 
 given to the Company of Bakers, ye Some of fifty pounds, to be 
 enjoyed, five pounds to a man yearly, for ever. Amen,’’ In three of 
 the corners are Arms, with inscriptions, apparently alluding to the 
 places of his birth and nurttiie ; and in the founh his initials, in- 
 terlaced with the date 1634. This portrait is in the possession 
 ofMr. Beare. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 103 
 
 liood of St. John the Baptist, of New Sarum. They were 
 impowered to associate in their company, both men and 
 women, lo establish a guild, with a perpetual chantry, in 
 the chapel of St. John the Baptist, f in the Church of St. 
 Thomas, and to acquire lands and possessions, to the 
 yearly value of twenty pounds. Their founder, by elec- 
 tion, was William Swaine, then Mayor of Salisbury, by 
 whom they were endowed with rents, to the amount of 
 nine marks and forty shillings yearly. 
 
 The ceremonial of offering lights, at the annual service 
 for the dead, and their subsequent festival, exhibits a 
 curious picture of antient manners. It is here described 
 to the reader, in modernised orthography. 
 
 The Stewards are to make yearly eight torches, weigh- 
 ing five score and seven pounds, and also five tapers, to be 
 brought on Midsummer Day, to St. Thomas Church, wor- 
 shipfully, after the old rule and our Custom, for the which 
 making of torches and tapers, the Chamberlains shall 
 receive of every brother and sister, that be coupled 12 
 pence,, and of every journeyman 4 pence. 
 
 ^‘In every year, on the Feast of the nativity of St. John 
 the Baptist, a solemn obit to be held, while the world stand- 
 eth fast, for our founder William Swaine, and Christian 
 his wife, and all his children's souls, and for his father’s 
 soul and mother's soul, and for all his friends’ souls, and 
 for all the brethren's and sisters* souls, of our craft, that be 
 
 f This Chapel was evidently what is now the Vestry. The fi- 
 gure of Christopher, the patron Saint of the Company, still ap- 
 pears in the window, in stained glass. 
 
 In the confirmatory Charters, granted by Queen Mary and 
 Elizabeth, reference is made to a charter of Henry the Sixth, 
 which is literally the same as that of Edward the Fourth. The 
 company is probably of still higher antiquity than its charter*. 
 
104 
 
 ACCOUKT OF 
 
 out of this world deceased, wiiliin St. Thomas Churdi 
 of Salisbury, in the chapel of St. John the the Baptist. 
 On the even the Dirige, by note, and on the morrow the 
 mass 0^ Requiem, by note, which mass is to begin, when 
 matins be done, at 9 of the Clock, 
 
 Our Wardens, Stewards, and Chamberlains, with all our 
 craft, and fraternity, and our servants, to be attended up- 
 on the mayor of the City, of the time, and other worshipful 
 with him of the same, to bring in the light of our frater- 
 ernity, from the chandler’s house, unto St. Thomas Church, 
 into St. John’s Chapel, then and there to abide? at the mass^ 
 and offer at the same, all our craft. And which of our 
 craft lack, and be not at the said mass and offering, to 
 give to our said craft one pound of wax, without a lawful 
 excuse is made to the Wardens and Stewards. 
 
 The two Stewards, for the time being, every year shall 
 make and set afore St. John the Baptist, upon the altar, 
 two tapers of one pound of wax, and a garland of roses, to 
 to be set upon St. John’s head ; and the chapel is to be 
 strewed with green rushesi When mass is done, to go 
 together to our place accustomed, where our dinner shall 
 be holden, within the said city, and there to abide, at din- 
 ner and feast, till we have dined. Every master of the craft 
 shall pay for him and his wife 12 pence, and for their sup- 
 per, if they will come thereto, for the same money ; a man 
 alone 8 pence, a woman alone 6 pence ; and no dinner nor 
 feast longer by us to be kept, save only the same day, and 
 that yearly to be kept, while the world standeth. And such 
 persons of our craft, as have promised the stewards lo 
 come to dinner, and come not, they shall pay every one of 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 105 
 
 iliem 8 pence, to the use of the stewards, which must need 
 do the cost of that day. 
 
 ‘^Also we have ordained, that on the said feast and din- 
 ner, such of our servants called journeyman, as be within 
 our said craft, shall serve the masters of our craft, m the 
 time of bringing in our lights, and at our feast and dinner, 
 there abiding with us at dinner, at such place as the mas- 
 ters and wardens will assign. At which dinner every ser- 
 vant to pay 4 pence, and. our said stewards, when the mas- 
 ters be served in at the first course, shall purvey an honest 
 place for all such servants, to be set at aboard or boards 
 conveniently, within the same place, and to be served by 
 the apprentices, at the masters’ assignment, conveniently 
 for their degree. And then for the second course of the 
 masters, by the said stewards they to be warned to arise, 
 and for to serve in like wise the said masters, as .they did 
 the first course ; and then they be to go to their place 
 again, and be served again of their second course, making 
 them as merry as they can.^f 
 
 There are two endowed schools in Salisbury. One in 
 the Close, originally founded for the education of the Cho- 
 risters, and coeval with the Establishment itself. The 
 second is the City Free-School, in Castle street, which wa^t 
 first established at Bradford and Trowbridge, but consoli- 
 dated and removed to Salisbury, by an Exchequer order, 
 in the year 1659. 
 
 There is also an Establishment, called the Godolphin 
 School, not fixed in Salisbury. It was founded by Hen- 
 ry Godolphin, D. D. Dean of St. Paul’s, and Provost of 
 
 f Register of the Company, MS. 
 
106 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Eton, fourth Son of Sir Francis Godolphin, and Brother* 
 of the Lord Treasurer, who died July 10th 1720. He 
 left property, then worth £160 yearly, to be applied 
 for the care and education of eight young gentlewomen, 
 “so born,” whose parents are of the Church of England^ 
 and whose fortunes do not exceed £300. Their friends 
 are to provide them with decent apparel, and they are not 
 to be admitted, before the age of eight, nor to remain 
 after that of nineteen. They are to be brought up, in the 
 City of New Sarum, or at some town in the county of 
 Wilts, under a prudent governess, who is a communicant 
 of the church of England. Since the period of the bequest, 
 the funds of the Establishment have been improved, 
 by the circumstances of the times ; and it may now be ran- 
 ked among the most liberal endowments of the kind. 
 
 Salisbury and its neighbourhood may claim the merit 
 of having given rise to a County association, for the en- 
 couragement of pursuits, at once elegant, rational, and use- 
 ful : we mean the Salisbury and Wiltshire Horticultural, 
 Arboricultural, and Botanical Society. Its Exibitions have 
 not hitherto failed to attract a numerous and respectable 
 attendance. 
 
 Two Reading Societies are established in Salisbury, one 
 under the name of the Salisbury and Wiltshire, and 
 the other under that of the Nev/ Sarum and South Wilts. 
 Both are respectably supported. 
 
 A Mechanics' Institute has been recently formed, and 
 holds its meetings in Salt Lane, 
 
CHAPTER. VI. 
 
 Our City and the immediate neighbourhood, may- 
 boast of having given birth to many individuals, distin- 
 guished for character and talent. Of these we now pre- 
 sent a few biographical sketches. 
 
 John of Salisbury, or by his Latin appellation, Johan- 
 nes Sarisburiensis- He was born at Old Sarum, and 
 studied at Oxford, where he attained high distinction, 
 in the literature of the age, He was first patronised by 
 Theobald, archishop of Canterbury ; and subsequently 
 enjoyed the friendship and confidence of the celebrated 
 Becketjwhom he accompanied in his exile, and to whom 
 he was attached till his death- He was chosen bishop of 
 Chartres in 1172, and dying in 1182, was buried in his 
 own Cathedral. He wrote Polycraticon, sive de Nugis 
 Curialium, et Vestigiis Philosophorum lib. 8 ; Metalo-- 
 gici lib. 4; Epistolse, in Bibliotheca Patrum, 303- To 
 his pen is ascribed a life of Archbishop Anselm. 
 
 Walter of Winterbourne is said to have been born in 
 this City, and to have entered the Dominican order* 
 
108 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 His talents attracted the notice of Edward the First, to 
 whom he became confessor. He was subsequently raised 
 to the honour of the Roman purple ; and died at Genoa, 
 in 1305, in his way to attend the Conclave, held for the 
 election of Clement the Fifth. He was buried in London. 
 He attained the reputation of a poet and orator ; and was 
 distinguished as a skilful controversalist- 
 
 John Thornborough, born in the Parish of St; Martin, 
 and educated in the City school. He graduated at Ox- 
 ford, and became Chaplain to the Earl of Pembroke, by 
 whom he was presented to the Rectory of Chilmark. He 
 was afterwards appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to Queen 
 Elizabeth. In 1589 he was advanced to the Deanery of 
 York, and in 1593 made bishop of Limerick. Subse- 
 quently he filled the Sees of Bristol and Worcester, in 
 the Cathedral of which latter city he was interred. He 
 was skilled in the Chemistry of the time, and wrote two 
 Treatises on the Union of England and Scotland. He 
 was the author of some Tracts on Divinity. 
 
 William Horman, born in New Street, Salisbury. 
 He acquired the rudiments of learning at Winchester, 
 and finished his education at New College, Oxford, of 
 which he became Fellow. In 1485 he was made Master 
 of Eton College,, where he finally filled the office of Pro- 
 vost. He died in 1535, and is buried at Eton. Among 
 other works, he drew up an abridgment of William of 
 Malmesbury, and the History of John Pico, Lord of 
 Mirandola; and he composed an Elegy on William Lilly. 
 
 George Coryat, born in the Parish of St. Thomas, and 
 educated in the City Free School. He removed to Win- 
 
SALISBURY, 
 
 109 
 
 Chester College, and in 1562 became Fellow of New 
 College, Oxford- In 1570 he obtained the Rectory of 
 Odcombe, Somerset; and in 1594 was made prebendary 
 of Warthill, in the Cathedral of York. He was distin- 
 guished by his talent for Latin Poetry, and wrote in 
 Latin, a description of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 
 He died at Odcombe, in 1609- 
 
 Humphrey Beckham, born in 1 588. At an early peiiod 
 he displayed a natural taste for modelling, and was ac- 
 cordingly apprenticed to Mr. Rosgrave, a painter and 
 gilder of the City- His talents as a sculptor, soon attrac- 
 ted notice, and there is no doubt, that many of the elabo- 
 rately carved fire places, and other ornaments, which are 
 found in our antient houses, are the productions of his 
 chisel- Under mare favourable circumstances, and with 
 better models, he might have attained considerable dis- 
 tinction- He died in 1671, aged 83 years, and was 
 buried in the Church of St. Thomas- 
 
 John Eedes, born in 1609, and educated in the city. 
 He entered at Oriel College, Oxford, and having taken 
 orders, was settled in the Isle of Sheppey- During the 
 Rebellion, he was, like many other pastors of the national 
 Church, ejected and imprisoned. On his release, he 
 returned to Salisbury; and became Curate of Broad 
 Chalk. Subsequently he was made vicar of Hele. 
 In 1667, his house was broken open, and himself mur- 
 dered by unknown hands. He wrote two tracts on 
 Justification. 
 
 Richard Hayter became a commoner of Magdalen 
 Hall, Oxford, at the age of 17. Having taken a degree in 
 
110 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 in arts, he returned to his native city. Though a layman, 
 he published two Treatises on subjects of Divinity. He 
 died in It 84, and was buried in the Parish Church of St. 
 Thomas. 
 
 Alxander H/de, Son of Sir Lawrence Hyde, of the 
 Close, Knight. He was first educated at Winchester, 
 afterwards admitted at New College, Oxford, and took 
 the decree of L. L. D- in 1632. He was the next year 
 made subdean of Salisbury, and in 1638, collated to the 
 Prebend of South Grantham. 
 
 After the Restoration, the interest of his relative, Sir 
 Edward Hyde, Lord Chancellor, procured his promotion 
 to the Deanery of Winchester. On the death of Bishop 
 Earle, he was advanced to the See of Salisbury, He died 
 in 1567, and was buried in the Cathedral* 
 
 Michael Maschiart received his Grammar learning at 
 Winchester ; and in 1562 removed to new College, Ox- 
 ford. In 1572 he became Vicar of Writtle, Essex* He 
 took the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Civil Law, 
 and was ranked as an able Civilian. His Latin Poems 
 were much esteemed. He died in 1598, and was interred 
 in his Church of Writile* 
 
 Philip Massenger, born m 1584, was for a time in the 
 household of the Earl of Pembroke, and in his 17th year 
 became a commoner in St. Alban’s Hall, Oxford. Here he 
 devoted himself to the study of poetry and romance; and 
 leaving the University, without a degree, repaired to 
 London. In the metropolis, he attracted notice by his 
 wit, and afterwards wrote with success for the stage* His 
 dramatic productions are too well known to need reca- 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 pitulation- He died suddenly in 1640, and was buried in 
 St. Saviour’s Church Yard. 
 
 Henry Lawes, was the son of Thomas Lawes, a Vicar 
 Choral of our Cathedral- He received a musical educa- 
 tion, and in 1625 became a gentleman of the chapel Royal. 
 He has attained a degree of poetic celebrity, as a com- 
 poser of the Comus of Milton- He died in 1662. 
 
 John Gieenhill was descended from a respectable family 
 established in tliis City. As an artist, he received his 
 first instructions from Sir. Peter Lely. He afterwards 
 devoted himself to potrait painting, and gained much cele- 
 brity for his Heads in Crayons. The portrait of Bishop 
 Ward, presrved in the Council Chamber, is from his pen- 
 cih He became disipated in his habits, and died in 1676 
 of an injury, received while in a state of intoxication. 
 
 Thomas Chubb, the son of a Malster of East Harnham, 
 was born in 1679, and at the age of fifteen, was appren- 
 ticed to a glover in Salisbury. Quitting this trade, from 
 a weakness of sight, he associated himself with a friend, 
 in the business of a Tallow Chandler. 
 
 Of a studious and sedentary disposition, he spent 
 much time in desultory readings Having formed a spe- 
 cies of debating society, in which Scriptual questions 
 were discussed, he was induced to take an interest in 
 the Trinitarian Controversy, then at its height, between 
 Clarke and Waterland; and he afterwards published a 
 Treatise, asserting the supremacy of the Father. This 
 work excited a considerable degree of attention, as the 
 production of a self taught scholar, and even attracted^ 
 
112 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 the notice of Pope. He subsequently entered into the 
 family of Sir Joseph Jekyll, Master of the Rolls; but 
 becoming impatient of restraint, he returned to Salisbury, 
 and resumed his former calling and habits. After this 
 period, he wrote several deistical tracts, which for a time 
 awakened some interest ; but are now deservedly neglec- 
 ted and forgotten. He died in 1747 aged 68, 
 
 Thomas Bennet, born in 1673. He made a rapid 
 progress in his elementary studies, and was sent to 
 St. John’s College, Cambridge, at the early age of 15. 
 He graduated as Bachelor and Master of ArtS; and after- 
 wards was chosen fellow of his College, He was long 
 and actively engaged in controversy, especially with the 
 dissenters, on the various questions of divinity, in which 
 they are at issue with the Church of England. 
 
 About 1714 he took the degree of Doctor in Divinity. 
 He for a time resided at Colchester, afterwards accepted 
 the place of Deputy Chaplain to Chelsea Hospital , and 
 was successively lecturer of St. Olave’s and morning prea- 
 cher at St. Lawrence Jewry, He was at length presen- 
 ted by the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s, to the Vica- 
 rage of St. Giles, Cripplegate ; but was long involved in 
 an expensive law^suit, for the recovery of certain dues, 
 belonging to his church- In 1717 he married a lady of 
 Salisbury, by whom he had three daughters. He died 
 in London, October 9, 1728, and was interred in his 
 own Church. His works are too numerous to be par- 
 ticularised, but his Hebrew Grammar is highly praised. f 
 
 These Biographical Sketches are mostly drawn from the 
 Antiquiates Sarisburienses. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 113 
 
 James Harris was son of James Harris, Esq. of the 
 Close, and of Lady Elizabeth Ashley, sister of the 
 Earl of Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristics. He 
 was born in 1709, and acquired the rudiments of learn- 
 ing, under the Rev. Mr. Hall, Master of the Grammar 
 School, in the Close. He removed to Wadham College, 
 Oxford, and concluded his education as a Student of 
 Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 On the death of his father, which happened when he 
 had attained his twenty fourth year, he took up his resi- 
 dence at the family mansion in the Close, and devoted 
 himself to the study of Classical literature. During 
 several years, his application to the best wnters of antiquity 
 was almost unremitting. His attention was finally direc- 
 ted to the philosophy of Aristotle, which till then he had, 
 with most scholars of the period, considered as superseded 
 by that of Locke. He learnt, however, to set a due value 
 on the merits of the Greek philosopher ; and by his own 
 Writings, contributed to restore him, to his appropriate tank 
 in the estimation of the literary world. But notwith- 
 standing his application to studies thus abstruse, Mr. 
 Harris did not disregard the cultivation of the fine arts, 
 and iu music he attained extraordinary proficiency* Nor 
 did he devote himself to seclusion ; for he mixed freely in 
 the society of the City and neighbourhood, and was par- 
 ticularly assiduous and regular, in his attention to the 
 duties of n county magistrate. 
 
 In 1744 he published his three Treatises on Art, Mu- 
 sic, Painting, and Poetry, and on Happiness. A few 
 yenrs afterwards, he gave to the world, his “Hermes/' or 
 Inquiry concerning Universal Grammar. 
 
114 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Till 1761, Mr. Harris was chiefly resident in Salisbury, 
 occasionally withdrawing for privacy, to his mansion at 
 Durnford. But being at that period chosen member for 
 Christchurch, he was soon engaged in the avocations of 
 public life. In 1762 he^as made a Lord of the Admi- 
 ralty, and in 1763 removed to the Treasury, but quitted 
 office, on the change of ministry in 1765. In 1774 how- 
 ever, he was appointed Secretary and Comptroller to the 
 Queen ; and held that post during the remainder of his 
 life. 
 
 In 1775 he published his Philosophical Arrangements, 
 and prepared his Philological Inquiries, which appeared 
 in 1781. But previous to this period, his health began 
 to decline. He bore his infirmities, however, with a pa- 
 tience and resignation truly Christian, and after a gradual 
 decay, he resigned his spirit into the hands of his maker, 
 December 22, 1780, in his seventy second year. His 
 remains were deposited, among those of his ancestors, in 
 the principal transept of the Cathedral ; and the sponta- 
 neous tokens of respect, which accompanied the ceremony 
 of his funeral, afforded a public proof, of, the general 
 esteem and veneration, which were felt for his character. 
 
 Henry Penruddocke Wyndham, was born at the neigh- 
 bouring village of Compton Chamberlain, June 4, 1736, 
 He received his early education at Eton, and from that 
 seminary, removed to Wadham College, Oxford. He 
 visited France, Italy, and the Island of Sicily, returned 
 through Geneva and Holland, and again reached England, 
 in September 1767. The ensuing year, he espoused Ca- 
 roline, daughter and heiress of the Reverend Richard 
 Hearst, Canon Residentiary of the Cathedral. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 IIH 
 
 In the year 1781, Mr. Wyndham published bis Tour in 
 Wales, and his Description of the Isle of Wight, in 1794; 
 and may claim the merit of having first drawn the atten- 
 tion of the public, to those interesting portions of the Bri- 
 tish dominions. Indeed, he was one of the earliest, who 
 set the example of domestic travel. In 1784 he contri- 
 buted to the stores of National History, by the publication 
 of the Diary of George Bubo Doddington, afterwards 
 Lord Melcomb. Mr. Wyndham was among the most 
 assiduous cultivators of Topography and local History, 
 and displayed particular solicitude, for the elucidation of 
 the History and Antiquities of his native County. With 
 this intent, he in 1788 published the account of Wiltshire, 
 contained in the antient Record of Domesday, accompa- 
 nied v/ith a translation. In his preface, he suggested a 
 plan for a County History, on an extensive scale ; and 
 his views have since been realised, in the magnificent 
 Work of Sir Richard Colt Hoare. 
 
 Notwithstanding his attachment to literary pursuits, 
 Mr. Wyndham took his proper share in the duties of 
 public and active life. He filled the office of Mayor of 
 Salisbury, in 1771; and in 1772 that of Sheriff of 
 Wilts. He was chosen a lepresentative for the County, 
 in parliament, in the year 1796, and occupied that post, 
 honourably to himself, and satisfactorily to his constitu- 
 ents, till 1812; when he voluntarily withdrew, from a 
 consciousness of the infirmities of advancing age. 
 
 An anecdote of Mr. Wyndham has been recorded in 
 the public papers, which is too characteristic to be omitted. 
 He was a great favourite v;ith George the Third ; and on 
 one occasion appeared at court, in a coat made of dark 
 
116 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Striped ^coloured cloth. The king mistaking it for french 
 cloth, which at that time was very much worn, exclaimed, 
 What, what, Wyndham in a french coat! No please 
 your Majesty, it is not frenclu What then ? It is a cloth 
 made at Salisbury. Then send me some of it. This was 
 done : the article became fashionable ; orders poured in, 
 til every place in the city, which could be rented to hold 
 a loom, was furnished with one of those useful machines^ 
 By this^ incident, both occupation and profit were pro-- 
 cured to the inhabitants of Salisbury, to a greater extent, 
 than at any preceding period. 
 
 Mr. Wyndham closed his long and meritorious life, 
 on the 3rd. of May, 1819, and was interred in the family 
 Vault, in St. Edmund’s Church. His issue were, Caro- 
 line, married to John Campbell, Esq. of Dunvown in 
 Scotland ; Henry Wadham, who died in 1775 ; Wadham ; 
 Thomas Norton ; Henry Penruddocke ; Helyar, who died 
 in 1805 ; and Catherine Anne Jervoise, who died in 1796. 
 
 John Tobin was born at Salisbury, January 26, 1776. 
 His father had been destined for one of the liberal pro- 
 fessions, and his mother was the daughter of Mr. Webb, 
 an opulent West Indian, who then resided in the manor 
 house, Stratford. At the commencement of the Ameri- 
 can war, Mr. Tobin repaired to Nevis, to take charge of 
 an estate in that Island, which had been resigned to him 
 on his marriage, by his father. He left the subject of 
 this article, and two brothers, under the care of their 
 grandfather, Mr. Webb, by whom they were placed in 
 the school of Dr. Mant, at Southampton. Even at this 
 early period, young Tobin evinced a decided taste for 
 dramatic representation s. 
 
SALIS^UUY. 
 
 11 ? 
 
 On the termination of the war, Mr. Tobin returned to 
 England, and settled in a mercantile business at Biistol^ 
 and his father in law removed to Redland, in the neigh- 
 bourhood. In the ensuing year, John Tobin was articled 
 to Mr. Wildman, an eminent solicitor in Lincoln’s Inn* 
 He passed through his clerkship, without acquiring a 
 taste for his profession ; and devoted his leisure time to 
 literature, especially poetry. On the expiration of his 
 term, he was admitted into partnership with his late 
 master. 
 
 His inclination for dramatic literature, became, how- 
 ever, still more decided. He composed several pieces., 
 and was subjected to all the difficulties and disappoint- 
 ments, which generally await the early efforts of a writer 
 for the stage. At length, in 1803, he obtained for a farce, 
 intitled “All’s fair in Love,” the honours of a represen- 
 tation, but it was coldly received. He persevered, and 
 by the influence of Mr. Wroughton, procured the accep- 
 tance of the “Honey Moon,” to which he owes his repu- 
 tation. At this period, his constitution seems to have 
 suffered, from the effects of his sedentaty and studious 
 habits. He spent the winter in Cornwall ; but the appear- 
 ances of consumption, becoming more alarming, he was 
 induced to undertake a voyage to the West Indies. He 
 embarked at Bristol, with aggravated symptoms, in the 
 latter end of 1804, and sailed to Cork. From thence he 
 took his departure, on the 7th of December ; and the first 
 night being boisterous, exhausted the declining powers of 
 his debilitated frame. On the ensuing morning, he was 
 found dead in his bed, and his remains were iransported; 
 back for interment to Cork. 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 The Honey Moon was represented at Drury Lane, on 
 the 31st of January following, and received with that 
 applause, which it has never since failed to awaken. 
 Subsequently, his other productions were offered to 
 public notice. The Curfew, was acted in 1806, the School 
 for Authors in 1808, and the Faro Table in 1816;|| but 
 all without attaining that rank, which has been assigned 
 to his former Composition. 
 
 11 Miss Benger's Meraoirs of Tobin. 
 
€HAPTER. VIL 
 
 We close our task, with some observations on points 
 of local interest, naturally connected with the matter of 
 the preceding pages. Among these, the most prominent 
 are such places in the vicinity, as are considered to de- 
 serve the particular attention of a stranger. 
 
 The small, but antient town of Wilton, appears to 
 have been originally one of the Royal burghs. During 
 the Saxon period, it was for a short time the See of 
 a Bishop. In two charters of King Edgar, to the abbey 
 of Wilton, in 868 and 874, the name of iElfstan bishop 
 of Wilton is introduced, among the witnesses. In a 
 Charter of Athelstan to the same Establishment^ is also 
 the name of Eifric, bishop of Wilton. 
 
 In Domesday, it is said the king had from the burgh of 
 Wilton fifty pounds. When Herveus received it, to keep, 
 it yielded twenty two pounds. § At so early a period Wil- 
 ton must have attained some consideration as a mart ; for 
 
 § Domesday, Art. Wiltescire, V. 2 p. 64. 
 
120 
 
 ACCOUNT OP 
 
 Henry the First granted to his burgesses of Wilton, belong- 
 ing to the gild of Merchants there, freedom from tolls, pas- 
 sage, and other customs. He added also, the same liberties 
 and immunities, in every respect, as were enjoyed by his 
 citizens of London and Winton. This chaiter was ratified 
 by Henry the Second, John, Henry the Third, and Edward 
 the First ; and other privileges were afterwards^obtained from 
 succeeding Sovereigns-! 
 
 Wilton, with Malmsbury, Westbury, and other places 
 in Wiltshire, formed a part of the jointure, assigned to 
 Berengaria, queen of Richard the First. On the death of 
 her Royal consort, however, she was deprived of these 
 possessions, by King John, who in 1203 settled Wilton, 
 Westbury, Malmsbury, and Winterslow, on his own queen 
 Isabella, t The cause of the widowed i Berengaria found 
 a defender in Pope Innocent the Third, who strenuously 
 urged her claims, and did not hesitate to inforce his re- 
 presentations, with threats of ecclesiastical censures. 
 How far his inference availed, we have no means to ascer- 
 tain, but we are inclined to infer, that it was unsuccesful ; 
 because Henry the Third, in 1222 yielded Wilton, among 
 other possessions, which he describes as pertaining to his 
 Mother Isabella, to her second husband, Hugh Earl of 
 March, 11 
 
 The commercial privileges which Wilton enjoyed, appear 
 to have attracted thither, many of that fallen and persecuted 
 race, whose peculiarities and sufferings awaken so lively an 
 interest, in the characters of Isaac of York, and of his 
 
 § MS. Documents. 
 
 + Fcedera, V. 1, P. I, p. 88. 
 llFoedcra V. 1, P. 1. 166. 
 
SALlSfeURY. 
 
 n\ 
 
 lovely and heroic daughter Rebecca. During the reign of 
 Henry the Third, proofs occur of that species of oppression, 
 under which they often groaned, in a haughty and half 
 barbarous age. In 1240 we find an order to the Sheriff 
 of Wilts, to bring before the Barons of the Exchequer, 
 the bodies of Solomon, the Son of Joseph, and of three 
 others, the richest Jews in his bailiwick, to answer for the 
 arrears due to the King, from the Community, Commii- 
 nitty of Jews at Wilton, for their portion of the tallage of 
 20,000 marks, levied on their people. In 1242 the She- 
 riff is ordered to proceed personally to Wilton, and from 
 the Chest of the Chirogaphersf there, to take all the tal- 
 lies, by which any debt was owing to Solomon of Iven- 
 cester, a Jew, and to produce them at the Exchequer. [| 
 Lastly, in 1261, an order was issued, announcing that 
 the King had commissioned Robert de Melkel„ and 
 Ralph de Hotost, to seize the chests of the Jews, to take 
 an account of the debts owing to them, and to appropriate 
 their goods and chattels to his own use. This instrument is 
 addressed to his ministers at Wilton, Marlborough, Gloces- 
 ter, Bristol, and Exeter.* 
 
 According to the statement of the Jurors, as recorded in 
 tlie Hundred Rolls of Henry the Third, Wilton belonged 
 to the demense of the king. The reigning sovereign, they 
 observe, gave it to his brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall. § 
 While in the King's hands, it was worth fifty pounds, but 
 
 + When the Jews made any Grant or Compact, one part was 
 deposited in a public Chest, called the Chest ol the Chirogra- 
 phers. This part of the Chirograph was termed the yesy or tally. 
 
 H Madox History of the Exchequer, Ch. 7. 
 
 =*= Foedera. 17 Julii A.R. 5 Hen. III. 
 
 § In 1257 Richard was elected King of the Romans, by the 
 States of Germany, in opposition to Alphonso, king of Castile. 
 
122 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 at that period it produced less- They declare also, that 
 the king's writs are returnable, within the Liberty of the 
 burgh, and that such return had been customary, from 
 time immemorial. That they held pleas, relative to chat- 
 tels, unlawfully taken, and the view of frank pledge; and 
 that they enjoyed these privileges, by the concession of the 
 kings of England. § 
 
 In the Hundred Rolls of Edward the First, a similar de- 
 claration is made- The burgh is then described as being in 
 the possession of the Earl of Cornwall, son and heii to 
 Richard, King of Germany, to whom it had been given, 
 in free marriage, with Senchea his wife. His bailiffs are 
 said to have the return of the king’s writs, to hold pleas 
 relative to chattels, unlawfully taken, and other royafprivi- 
 leges, and have the power of capital punishment, and of 
 laying the assize of bread and ale. The inhabitants are 
 farther represented to enjoy the same liberties, as the Ci* 
 tizens of Winton and London, by the grant of Henry the 
 Elder, and the kings his successors, and to have their own 
 Coroners within the burgh. [j 
 
 He was crowned at Aix la Chapelle; but soon found himself 
 mocked with an empty title. He therefore returned to England, 
 in 1259, and took an active and important share, in the conten- 
 tions between the king, his brother, and the barons. He married 
 first, Isabella, daughter of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, 
 and secondly, Sancha, daughter ofRaymund, Count of Provence. 
 He died in 1272 
 
 § Rotuli Hundredorum V. 2, p. 233. 
 
 II As some doubt has been suggested, respecting the power of 
 capital punishment, vested in the bailiffs of Wilton, the reply of 
 the Jurors is here given, from the Hundred Rolls of Edward 
 the First. 
 
 Dicut sup: sacram. suu q’ balli : Com.’ Cornub’ in Wilton 
 bent : retrnu : briu : & tenent placita de nam’ vetito & alias lib^ 
 tales regias, ut /ureas, assiss, panis & civisie adeo libe : sic* 
 cives London’ et Winton* ex concessione Regis Henr* vetis ; & 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 123 
 
 On the death of Edmund, Earl of CornwalJ, here men- 
 tioned, in the year 13C0, Wilton reverted to the crown , 
 In 1302 it formed part of the provision assigned by Ed- 
 ward the First, to his sixth daughter Mary, who was then 
 a nun, in the neighbouring abbey of Amesbury. 
 
 It must have been resumed by Edward the Second, im- 
 mediately after his accession ; because in 1307 we find 
 it included, in the profuse grant of lands and honours, 
 made by this weak and improvident Monarch, to hi& 
 minion, Piers Gaveston.^ On the fall of that obnox- 
 ious favourite, it appears to have been restored to the prin- 
 cess Mary, by whom it was held in 1325. [| Afterwards it 
 formed a part of the dowry of Mary, fourth daughter of 
 Edward the third. Duchess of Brittany.§ It is, however, 
 needless here, to pursue its History farther. 
 
 Wilton was celebrated foi its Benedictine Abbey, a 
 foundation of the most remote antiquity. Its origin has 
 not been clearly ascertained, though king Alfred is num- 
 bered among its greatest benefactors. It experienced 
 
 alior : Rcgu : successor : & hent : coronatores infra burgum pdcm. 
 V. 2, p; 280. 
 
 The additional privileges here specified, must have been inclu- 
 ded in the grant to the Earl of Cornwall, and ceased on its 
 expiration. 
 
 § Fcedera. Aug. 6. A. R. 1. Edw. II. 
 
 II In proof of this fact, as well as in illustration of the municipal 
 government of Wilton, at the beginning of the fourteenth century, 
 we may observe, that a deed, whieh is hereafter quoted, is attested 
 by Robert Selyman, then Seneschal of the Lady Mary, sister of 
 Edward, King of England, Lady of the Burgh of Wilton, Walter 
 de Sherrenton, his deputy in the Burgh, aud Reginald Isamberd, 
 then Mayor. It is dated at Wilton, the Sunday next after the 
 feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. 18. E. 2. 1325. 
 
 § Abbreviatio Rotulorum, 30 Ed. I. p. 122. See also the ac-^ 
 count of the Suit, relative to the market, in p. 68. 
 
124 
 
 ACCOUNT: OF 
 
 also, the liberality of several of the Saxon princes, whose 
 grants are still extant, namely, those of Edgar, Ethelred, 
 Eadred, Athelstan and Edwy, apparently with the sanc- 
 tion of their respective Witena Gemots.§ It must, how- 
 ever, even at this early period, have made many other ac- 
 quisitions, of which no proof is extant; because in Domes- 
 day, it is described, aspossesing property at Stanton, New- 
 ton, Darnford, Swaloclive, Chilmerc, Werdere, Chenvil, 
 Ovretoii, Chelche, Newnton, Wilgi, Wicheford, Lang- 
 ford, Ocheford, Ditchampton, Bridecumbe, Babestoke, 
 Warsel, Febefont, and Laverstokes, all in Wiltshire.f 
 Its rents in the Burgh of Wilton, were then valued at 
 £10 17s. 6d, In this abbey, Matilda, niece of Edgar 
 Atheling, and afterwards Queen of Henry the First, was 
 brought up, and took the veil.]] 
 
 At the time of the Eclesiastical Survey, Cecilia Boden- 
 ham is described as Abbess, and the property of the Es- 
 tablishment represented as worth about £500 yearlylj. 
 The abbey was granted to Sir William Herbert, after- 
 
 § Monaslicon T. 3. p. 862- 
 
 The teste of the charter of Edgar contains the names of the 
 king, 2 archbishops, 7 bishops, 10 abbots, 4 duces, and 16 min- 
 istri. That of Ethelred, the king, 1 archbishop, 11 bishops, 7 
 abbots, 7 duces, and 21 ministri. The lirst of Athelstan, the king, 
 1 archbishop, 6 bishops, 2 duces, and 13 ministri. The second, the 
 King, 1 arcbhishop, 6 bishops, 2 duces, and 29 ministri. That 
 of Edwy, the king, his brother, 2 archbishops, 12 bishops, 1 
 abbot, 2 deacons, and 21 ministri, among whom three are dis- 
 tinguished as relations of the king. 
 
 f Domesday, Art. Wiltesc. V. 2j p. 67, 68. 
 
 II It does not enter into our plan, to specify the Ecclesiastical 
 Foundations at Wilton ; but we ought to apprise the reader, that 
 the Convent of Friars Preachers, in Fisherton, mentioned in page 
 54, must have originally been established at Wilton. In a grant, 
 by Thomas le Portere, Vicar of Peter’s, Bullbridge, of four mes- 
 suages in Wilton, to the Prior, Brethren and Sisters of the Hos- 
 pital of St, John, for the establisbmeot of a chantry, in his church 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 125 
 
 wards Earl of Pembroke. On its site was 'erected a no- 
 ble mansion, after the designs of Holbein and Inigo Jones, 
 which was finished by Henry, second Earl. It has acquired 
 an interest, in tlie History of English Literature, as the 
 spot, where Sir Philip Sidney composed his Arcadia. 
 
 The extensive Collection of Sculptures, and Paintings, 
 which has long rendered this princely residence an object 
 of public curiosity, was chiefly formed by Thomas, the 
 eighth Earl. He first purchased the valuable galleries of 
 Lord Arundel, in England^ and of the Giustiniani and 
 Valletta families in Naples. He afterwards made impor- 
 tant additions, from the Cabinet of Cardinal Mazarine, and 
 finally, he obtained many precious relics of art, from differ- 
 ent parts of the continent. 
 
 By the late Earl ofPembioke, considerable improve- 
 ments were made in the mansion, gardens, and grounds ; 
 and almost an entire change took place, in the disposition 
 of the paintings and statuary. Since the commence- 
 mentof these alterations, the mansion has not, as before, been 
 generally open to the public. 
 
 A description, however limited, of such an extensive 
 Collection, can scarcely be expected in a work like the pre- 
 sent. In fact, information of this nature is better sought on 
 the spot. We shall therefore refer the visitors of Wilton 
 House, to the attendant, by whom it may be shewn. 
 
 at Bullbridge, one of these is described as «a messuage situated 
 in the West Street, between the tenement of Peter le Bont, and 
 a certain Square (placeam) where the Friars Preachers, noW 
 dwelling in Fisherton, near Sarum, were accustomed to remain, 
 atid extending to the pond of the mill, belonging to Reginald 
 Isemberd.’’ 18 Ed. II, 1325. Cited in the Charter of Confir- 
 mation, by Bishop Roger de Mortival. 1325. MS. 
 
ACCOUNT OF 
 
 126 
 
 The town itself is still celebrated for its carpets, though 
 a part of the trade has been drawn to other quarters. Few 
 visitors will, however, quit Wilton, without taking the 
 trouble to examine the ingenious machinery employed in 
 this branch of industry ; and their curiosity will be fully 
 gratified, either at the Manufactory of Mr. Sergeant; or at 
 that of Messrs. Blackmore. 
 
 Till the operation of the Reform Bill, Wilton enjoyed 
 the privileges of a County Town, in the return of Knights 
 of the Shire. It is still corporate, and permitted to de- 
 pute a representative to parliament. 
 
 On the left of the road to Wilton, about a mile dis- 
 tant from Salisbury, lie the hamlet and church of Bemer- 
 ton. Near the church, is the parsonage, built by Her- 
 bert, the author of a Collection of Sacred Poems, under 
 the title of the Temple, and other works. It was at a 
 later period, occupied by Norris, the metaphysician, and 
 recently by Archdeacon Coxe, well known for his literary 
 labours, as a Traveller and Historian. 
 
 Longford Castle, the residence of the Earl of Radnor, 
 about three miles from Salisbury, on the East, was built by 
 Sir Thomas Gorges, and his lady, the Marchioness Dow- 
 ager of Northampton. In the Civil Wars, it was garrisoned 
 for the king, and surrendered to Cromwell. It has since 
 undergone many alterations, and at present remains in an 
 unfinished state. For the Collection of paintings, which 
 though not extensive, is of the highest value, wc shall 
 refer to the information, to be obtained from the attendant. 
 
 On the road to the left, a little beyond the hamlet of 
 Bodenham, is New Hall, the seat of the late J, T. Batt, 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 127 
 
 Esq. It is enriched with a small, but choice Collection 
 of paintings. 
 
 The site of the Royal palace of Clarendon, is on a 
 range of elevated ground, about two miles East of Salis- 
 bury. The adjoining district was doubtless afforested 
 at a period anterior to the Conquest ; for in Domesday 
 are references to lands, situated within the limits of the 
 King's Forest. Thus, under the possessions of Humphrey 
 de Lisle, Gocelin is mentioned as the occupier of half a 
 hide of land, which had been previously held by Sewald 
 and Seward. The arable is stated at one carucate, and 
 there are said to be six cottagers, and three acres of mea- 
 dow. At the conclusion is the remark, that half this land 
 was in the Kings Forest. || The same observation is made, 
 with respect to the lands of Odo and others, Thanes of 
 the King, under the head of Ulviet in Milford. In the 
 Hundred Rolls of Edward the First, is a declaration, that 
 the King held the Manor of Clarendon, with the Forest 
 and its appurtenances; and that it pertained to the an- 
 tient demesne of the crown, or in other words, was the 
 property of the Saxon Monarchs. In the same Record, 
 William of Putton,§ or Pitton, is described as the holder 
 
 II Domesday Wiltcscire. .4rt. 27* 
 
 In Domesday, the Abbess of Wilton is said to have, l)i/ custom, 
 a right to four score cart loads of wood, and pannage for four 
 score pigs, in the Wood of Melchet; and also as much wood 
 as may be necessary, for the repair of buildings and hedges. 
 
 § In the abridged Rolls 14 Ed. 2, w^e find these entries. 
 
 The King received the homage of William de Putton, Son and 
 heir of John de Putton, deceased, fur all the lands and tenements, 
 which John, his father held. 
 
 Ademare de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, Keeper of the Forests, 
 on this side Trent, is ordered to commit to the custody ofthe said 
 William, the bailiwick of the forest of Bankholt (Buckholt) and 
 ofthe Royal Park of Clarendon, &c. Abb. Rot. V. 2, p. 232. 
 
128 
 
 AGCOUNf OF 
 
 of two virgates, in Pntton, which belonged to the Manot 
 of Clarendon, by serjeanty, to find a forester for keep- 
 ing the Royal Wood, called Haywood, and another for 
 keeping the Royal Wood, in the Forest of Clarendon, 
 paying also to the king, annually, twenty shillings, by 
 the hand of the Bailiff of Clarendon. A similar statement 
 is made respecting Jordan of Laverstoke, and Edmund 
 of Milford. It is also said, that Henry de Heyraz, on 
 account of his wife, held two virgates at Alwardby, or 
 Alderbury, to find a keeper for the King’s hounds, H pay- 
 ing the yearly rent of two shillings, by the hand of the 
 Sheriff of Wilts. 
 
 The Forest of Clarendon has been supposed to be that, 
 which bears the name of Pancet or Panchet, in antient 
 documents, especially in the charter of Henry the First, 
 to the Cathedral Establishment at Old Sarum. Pancet 
 and Clarendon, are however, both mentioned in the Hun- 
 dred Rolls of Henry the Third, among the statements 
 made by the Jurors of the Hundred of Alderbury, in a 
 manner, which leaves no doubt that they were perfectly 
 distinct.f The forest of Clarendon was originally much 
 more extensive than at present; foT Melchet, beyond 
 Whiteparish, is expressly included within its limits, and 
 described as a Royal Patk» though under a separate 
 keeper. 
 
 No authentic information has been preserved, relative 
 to the age of the Palace, connected with this Forest, 
 
 11 Canes Heyricios. 
 
 + R ot. Hand. V. II, p. 242 
 
 To avoid repetition, these particulars are taken from the Rolls 
 of Edward the First, as the latest. Those of Henry tfie 'ifhird, 
 are nearly to the same purport. 
 
SALISBURT. 
 
 129 
 
 though it cannot have been much later than the conquest, 
 and may possibly owe its origin, even to a more remote 
 period. The earliest Charter of the Burgh of Wilton, by 
 Henry the Second, is dated at this place, and was probably 
 granted in 1116, when he held a great council at Sarum, 
 to obtain the acknowledgment of his son.§ It must have 
 been an edifice of considerable magnitude* and impor- 
 tance, in the time of Henry the Second, to have been 
 selected for a general meeting of the Nobility and Clergy 
 of the kingdom, to sanction the celebrated Constitutions 
 of Clarendon. Even admitting, that many members of 
 such an assembly, may have found accommodation at 
 Old Sarum ; yet the palace itself was necessarily of great 
 extent, to afford space for their deliberations, and. shelter 
 for their attendants. In the reign of this monarch,, a sum 
 of money, amounting to £268 17s. 9d, was allowed for the 
 works of the Royal residence at Ciarendon.'l' 
 
 From the absence of Richard the First, on the crusade, 
 and his various occupations on the continent, it can 
 scarcely be expected, that any allusion to Clarendon, as a 
 Royal residence, would occur during his reign,* Butin 
 
 § This Charter contains no reference to the regnal or current 
 year; but is tested by M. de Gloee, R. de Ver, and W. de Pont. 
 The first was Lord Constable, the second was of the family 
 ot the Veres, Earls of Oxford, and in a Charter of King* 
 Stephen, is afterwards styled Constabuiarius Regis, as a dis- 
 tinction from Milo of Glocester, who in the same instrument 
 bears the title of Constabuiarius. The third is designated as 
 Chamberlain, in a Charter of the same monarch. Edmonson’s 
 Heraldry, art. Constable ; Nicholas’s Synopsis ; the Fcedera, 
 and Madox’s History of the Exchequer, p* 10, note. 
 
 t Of the Sums arising from the Aids of the places in Wiltshire, 
 the amount deposited in the Castle of Saresbury, is stated at 6U. 
 and I3f/. and the monies expended in the works at Clarendon, 
 at i:2^'8 17s. 9. Pipe Rolls 23 Hen II. Madox Hi&t. Excheq. 
 p. 420, note. 
 
 * The following allowances are mentioned here, as appearing, 
 
1:30 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 that of his successor, John, we find a curious document,, 
 which seems to have escaped the notice of historians. 
 By letter patent, dated December 9, 1207, he acknow- 
 ledges thathe had received at Clarendon, on the Sunday, 
 next after the feast of St. Nicholas, by the hands of Hugh 
 de Roppel, Ralph de Riperia, John do R^ufiiham, and 
 Robert de Roppel, a great crown, which: came from 
 Germany ; a tunic of purple, and buskins of the same 
 cloth; a belt of orfrasy,§ with gems ; a pair of sandals, 
 with frettsf of orfrasy ; a pair of gloves ; a^ dalmatic of 
 dark purple cloth ; a morse and brooch of gold ; a silken 
 cloth, to be worn by the King at his Coronation ; a 
 large sceptre, of the same regalia; a golden rod, sur- 
 mounted by a dove ; two swords, namely one of Tristram, 
 and another sword of the same regalia ; golden spurs of 
 the same regalia;, a cup of gold, weighing eight marks 
 and two ounces ; and a cross of gold, weighing three 
 
 from their nature, to apply rather to Clarendon,, than to Old 
 Sarum. 
 
 The Sheriff of Wilts was allowed 7s. 4d. for conveying 200 
 marks from Salisbury to Bristol; 26s. lOd. for conveying 2550 
 marks to Glocester, besides 2s. for nails and barrels used in pack- 
 ing ; and 8s. Id. for conveying 4000 marks to Southampton. Also 
 51s. 3d. for transporting the King^s plate, from Sarum to West- 
 minster, for the Coronation. Pipe Rolls of the first year of 
 Richard I. Madox Hist, of the Exchequer p. 296. note. 
 
 § Apparently from Orfroys or Orfrays, an old french term, sig-. 
 nifying a species of embroidery. In the Roman deJa Rose, Dame. 
 Oiseuse is thus described ; 
 
 WOrfraiz eut ung chappel mignot, 
 
 Qu’ oneques nulle pucelle n’ot ; 
 
 Ung chappel de roses tout frais 
 Eut dessus ce chappel A^orfrais 
 
 564. 568. 
 
 f Possibly from bordered. 
 
 Qui ont ces larges robes grises 
 Touted fretelees de crotes. 
 
 Roman de la Rose. 12665... 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 131 
 
 marks seven ounces and a half. The hearers of these 
 articles, and their attendants, are by this acknowledgment 
 acquitted of their charge.+ 
 
 From the description here given, it is scarcely doubtful, 
 that these ornaments were part of the Regalia of England, 
 which had been transmitted to Germany, as a security for 
 part of the sum of 100,000 marks, demanded by the 
 Emperor for the ransom of King Richard. When we 
 discover numerous proofs of the impatience of this high 
 spirited prince, to obtain his release, and find him urging 
 the sacrifice of the gold and silver belonging to churches, 
 and of the plate of individuals, we cannot suppose, that 
 much hesitation M^ould have been felt, in the temporary 
 relinquishment , even of the national Regalia. 
 
 As it IS evident, that after the death of Richard, two 
 successive Popes, namely Celestine, and Innocent the 
 Third, fwarmly interested themselves, to procure the repay- 
 ment of the money, thus unjustly extorted, we may natu- 
 rally conclude, that the fear of Ecclesiastical censures, 
 as well as public shame, may have at length operated on 
 the holders of such a deposit, considering that it was of a 
 character so much less convertible, than specie or bullion. 
 
 Clarendon was a favourite, or at least a frequent resi- 
 dence of Henry the Third. Various documents shew him 
 to have been there, in 1235, 1239, 1247, 1249, 1250, 
 1255, 1256, 1268, and 1270. In 1253 an order was 
 given to the Sheriff, to sell three hogsheads of wine, 
 belonging to the King, at Claieiidon ; and to account for 
 
 JFcederaV. 1, P. 1, p. 99. 
 
132 ^ 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 the proceeds to the Exchequer.* About the same period,, 
 building or reparation, to some extent, must have been 
 carried on ; for in the Hundred Rolls of this Sovereign, 
 which may be dated, about the year 1254, the Jurors of the 
 Hundred of Alderbury, describe the Park of Melchet, as 
 being much impoverished, by the donations and sales of 
 the King, and by his works at Clarendon and Old Sarum. 
 This sovereign is stated to have expended £526. 15s. 5d, 
 in making additions to the Palace. f 
 
 Proofs are extant, that Edward the First was often an 
 occupant of the Palace of Clarendon. Several documents, 
 public and private, are dated by him, at this place, in the 
 years, 1277, 1280, 1281, 1289, and 1290. 
 
 In 1272 the custody of the Manor and Forest of 
 Clarendon was consigned to John Russell ; and soon 
 afterwards a mandate was addressed to him, that on the 
 survey of John of Grimstede, he would cause to be sold, 
 the young oaks in the wood of Melchet, within the Forest 
 of Clarendon, if it could be done with advantage to the 
 w^oodjl, and to account for the proceeds to the Exchequer. 
 In 1276 the custody of the Manor and Forest was trans- 
 feired to Bartholomew of Wicheford, to hold till the 
 King’s next coming § 
 
 During this reign, the building or alteration, begun in 
 the last, must have been still in progress. In the Hun- 
 dred Rolls, is a complaint, that William le Dun, formerly 
 
 * Abb' Rot. p, 14. 
 
 + Easton’s Salisbury Guide, p. 87. 
 II Abbrev. Rot. 3, Hen. Ill, p. 22^ 
 §; Abb. Rot. p. 27. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 133 
 
 Sheriff of Wilts, and Keeper of the Forest of Clarendon , 
 had retained to his own use 44s. 7d. which he ought to 
 have paid, to certain persons of the vicinity, for conveying 
 thither stone and sand. He is also accused of having, 
 witheld from Ralph le Beyr, of New Sarum, the sum of 
 34s. 6d. due to him, for iron work, done in the time of the 
 late king, at Clarendon and Old Sarum, and to have 
 imprisoned him in the castle, for inforcing his claim. A 
 similar charge is laid against Stephen Edeworth, Sheriff, 
 for witholding payments, due to persons, who had trans- 
 ported materials, in like manner, for the work of the wall 
 at Clarendon. § 
 
 Clarendon was an object of attention to Edward the 
 second. In 1312. an order was issued to John de Foxle, 
 William de Harden, and Hugh de Hamslape, Surveyors 
 of the Forests, south of Trent, to inspect the state of the 
 Forests of Clarendon, Grovely, and Selwood in Wilts, [j and 
 of Chute in Hampshire. 
 
 In 1316 the Taxators of the county of Wilts, in addi- 
 tion to the hundred marks, which they had already ad- 
 vanced, from the produce of the sixth tenth, to Edmund 
 Gascclyn, keeper of the Forest of Clarendon, are directed 
 to pay the farther sum of fifty marks, for the repair of the 
 houses, chambers, and other buildings, belonging to the 
 said Manor, f in anticipation of the coming of the King. 
 In 1324 is another reference to the reparations here, and 
 
 § Rot. Hurid. V. 2, p. 233. 213. 
 
 II Close Rolls, in the Abbrev. Rot. 6 Ed. II, p. 196. 
 i It is searcely necessary to remind the reader, that the word 
 manerium is used in these documents, in the sense of the aldi 
 french term manoiry a residence. 
 
134 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 deeds of various kinds, are dated by this sovereign at Cla- 
 rendon, in 1317, 1320, and 1326. 
 
 In 1324 it is recorded that, the King had received the 
 homage of John, son of Andrew of Grimstead, defunct; 
 and he in consequence directs Hugh le Despenser, Earl 
 of Winchester, or his deputy in the Forest of Clarendon, 
 to deliver possession to the said John, of the Forestership 
 of the Park of Melchet, which is within the boundaries of 
 the Forest of Clarendon. § 
 
 Under the date of 1325, it is> recorded, that the King 
 had yielded to Robert of Micheldever, the custody of the 
 Manor and Forest of Clarendon ; and at the same time 
 an order is given to Gilbert Gacelyn, the late keeper, to 
 deliver to him all the King’s wine, left at the said Manor,]] 
 that it might be sold, and an account of the money 
 rendered at the Exchequer. 
 
 The Palace appears to have been a chosen residence 
 of Edward the Third, even from the earliest period of 
 his reign. On the 30th of November, 1331, we find a 
 mandate, in these terms, addressed to the Sheriff of 
 Wilts, as keeper of the Manor. 
 
 Since Philippa, our beloved queen, is pregnant, we 
 have directed, that she shall abide in our Manor of Claren- 
 don, until after her delivery. We therefore enjoin you. 
 to repair to the Manor of Clarendon, and survey the de- 
 
 §Abb. Rot 18. E. 2, p. 283. 
 
 In the Inquisitiones post mortem 12 Ed. 3, 1338, John 
 of Grymstede is described as dying possessed ofGryrastede Manor, 
 PJayteford Hamlet, More Hamlet, Bimerton Hamlet, Abbeseton, 
 the Custody of the Park of Melchet, and of the Manor of Clarendon. 
 II Abb. Bot. 19, E. 2, p. 290. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 135 
 
 fects in the same, in order to make such reparations, and 
 alterations, in the hall, chambers, and other edifices, for 
 our consort, as shall appear necessary, in the judgment of 
 honest and loyal men of these parts. The expense at- 
 tending such repairs and alterations, shall be allowed 
 you, in your accounts with the Exchequer.f 
 
 As the eldest Son of Edward, denominated the Black 
 Prince, was born at Woodstock, in 1329, and his second 
 Son, William of Hatfield^ in 1335, it is probable, that 
 Clarendon may thus have been the birth place of his el- 
 dest Daughter Isabella, who espoused Ingelram de Coucy, 
 count of Soissons. 
 
 Various documents of tliis sovereign are dated at Cla- 
 rendon, in 1333; 1334 1348; 1366 and 1370. 
 
 In 1356 the Palace of Clarendon was the scene of a 
 ceremony, which was productive of important and lasting 
 consequences, both to Ehgland and France. 
 
 We will not weary the patience of the reader, by dwell- 
 ing on the motives, which induced Edward to advance 
 pretensions to the crown of France, or on the mingled cau- 
 ses, which'^brought the two nations into fierce collision. It 
 suffices to observe here^ that the first expedition of the 
 English prince was far from producing the effects, on 
 which he had perhaps fondly calculated. He, it is true, 
 pushed his destructive course, almost to the gates of Paris; 
 but he made no serious impression on the country, he 
 acquired neither partisans nor influence, and his victory 
 at Cressy, however extraordinary in itself, or however 
 honourable to the prowess of his subjects, yet yielded no 
 
 + Fcedera. V. 2, P. 2, p. 829. 
 
136 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Other advantage, than a safe retreat, from a perilous situ- 
 ation, and the establishment of a permanent footing, on 
 the side of Artois, and Picardy, by the reduction of Calais* 
 It is possible, that even so ambitious and enterprising a 
 sovereign, might have refrained from repeating a dange- 
 rous and doubtful experiment, had not circumstances oc^ 
 eurred, to revive his hopes, and give a new impulse to 
 his policy. 
 
 In 1350 Philip de Valois died, and was succeeded in 
 the French throne, by his son John, a prince of sangui- 
 nary and impetuous disposition ; and deficient alike in 
 judgment and principle. Fie was soon involved in dis- 
 putes with his son in law, Charles, king of Navarre, who 
 has been stigmatised with the epithet of the Bad, though 
 as little deserving the appellation as himself.§ After va- 
 rious bickerings and impotent threats, John succeeded, by 
 treachery, in securing the persons of the King of Navarre, 
 and several of his partisans. The king was immured in 
 a prison, and four of his friends put to death, without the 
 formality of a trial. Among these, was the Count of Har- 
 Gourt, brother of Geoffrey de Harcourt, who had been the 
 counsellor and guide of Edward, in his first expedition; 
 bat struck with remorse, after the battle of Cressy, had 
 thrown himself at the feet of his sovereign, solicited pardon 
 in the most abject manner, and returned to his allegiance. 
 
 § To John has been ascribed the Theatrical maxim, that it 
 justice and good faith were banished from rest of the world, those 
 virtues ought to find an abode in the mouths and the hearts of 
 princes. In the early part of his life, at least, such a principle 
 appears to have had little influence on his conduct. Perhaps ad- 
 versity taught him to respect his engagements with Edward the 
 Third. 
 
 Millot Hist, de France, T. 2, P. 60.113. Hume Ch. 16. 16. — 
 Rapin, B. 10. 
 
SALISBURT. 
 
 137 
 
 [iidigaantat this treatment, Philip, bi other of the captive 
 prince, and Geoffrey de Harcourt, immediately repaired to 
 England, and solicited the protection of Edward the Third . 
 They obtained piompt attention from a monarch, who was 
 fully aware of the advantages to be drawn, from a re- 
 cognition of his assumed title, by the representative of 
 one of the most powerful vassals of France. A treaty 
 was accordingly concluded between the parties, in virtue 
 of which, Edward was formally acknowledged as King of 
 France, with the accustomed ceremony of homage. We 
 subjoin tlie preamble to the record of this transaction. 
 
 “ Indenture between the most excellent and poweifid 
 prince. Monsieur Edward, by the Grace of God, King of 
 France and England, on one part, and the high and no- 
 ble Monsieur Philip de Navarre, his cousin, on the other, 
 testifying that the said Monsieur Philip has done homage 
 liege, to the said king, as King of France and Duke of 
 Normandy, in the words following : 
 
 ‘‘ I become your liege man, for the lands, which you 
 have given me to conquer, in Normandy, as far as the 
 value of sixty thousand crowns yearly. I do you homage 
 liege for the same, as King of France and Duke of Nor- 
 mandy ; and I promise to serve you, on this account, 
 against all men, who may live or die, except the King of 
 Navarre, as King of Navarre, in things pertaining to the 
 kingdom of Navarre. Ӥ 
 
 § This first acknowledgment of a title, so long borne by the 
 kings of England, merits preservation in its original form and 
 language ; 
 
 ^‘Jeo devienk vcstrehome lige, desterres que vous m’avez done 
 a conquere eii Normandie, ju&ques a la value de sessante mille 
 tcutz de rente. Et vous en facez homage lige, come a Roy 
 
138 
 
 ACCOXJKT OF 
 
 In consequence of the hopes grounded on this connec- 
 tion, Edward earnestly resumed his warlike purposes, and 
 proceeded to the mouth of the Garonne, with a fleet of 
 three hundred sail, conveying a powerful military arma- 
 ment, and attended by the bravest and most experienced 
 captains of the age. The south and west of France 
 became immediately the theatre of a vigorous struggle, till 
 the victory of Poitiers withered its strength, delivered its 
 monarch over to captivity, swept away the most valorous 
 and devoted of its nobles, and subjected its people to the 
 multiplied horrors of civil war. 
 
 In the summer of 1357, when a fatal pestilence was 
 raging in the metropolis, Edward, with his court, repaired 
 to this favourite residence. He was accompanied by his 
 two royal prisoners, John, King of France, and David 
 King of Scots, together with a numerous retinue, consist- 
 ing of personages of distinguished rank, both English and 
 foreigners: 
 
 Clarendon was the birth place of Roger, natural son of 
 the Black Prince, who was put to^ death, by Henry the 
 Fourth, for attempting to raise an insurrection in favour of 
 Richard the Second. 
 
 Subsequent to this period, we have no reference of im- 
 portance to Clarendon. In an early part of his reign, 
 Richard the Second hunted in the Forest, and sent to the 
 members of our Cathedral, fifteen deer, as the tithe of one 
 
 de France, et due de Normandie. Et vous promet a vous servir,. 
 a cause de ce, centre touz homez que poent vivre et morir, ex- 
 cept Roi de Navarre, come Roy de Navarre, en chose touchante 
 le roialme de Navarre.” 
 
 FeederAV. 3, P. ], p; 340: 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 139 
 
 hundred and fifty, the produce of his chase, to which they 
 were intitled, by the charter of Henry the Second.^ 
 
 The causes of the comparative neglect, into* which the 
 Royal Residence of Clarendon afterwards fell, are suffi- 
 ciently obvious. Henry the Fourth held his^ usurped 
 throne, by too frail a tenure, to permit a protiacted 
 or perhaps frequent absence, from the neighbourhood; of 
 the metropolis. His martial Son, Henry the Fifth, was 
 employed, during his brief and splendid carreer,, either' 
 in actual war, or in preparations for war abroad. The 
 troubles of the unfortunate Henry the Sixth, allowed 
 him no choice of a tranquil abode ; and Edward the 
 Fourth, as well as Richard the Third, had neither leisure 
 nor inclination, to withdraw from the mingled scene of 
 violence and intrigue, ia which they respectively bore so 
 prominent a part. At length, when peace began to dawn, 
 after the union of the two Roses, the value of Clarendon 
 was diminished, with the loss of those possessions on the 
 Continent, to which it afforded the means of a prompt 
 and easy communication. || 
 
 Of the Palace nothing now remains above ground, ex- 
 cept a small portion of one of the inner walls, over- 
 grown with ivy, but the foundations may be traced, to a 
 considerable distance, along the brow of the hill, and to- 
 wards the coppice. In 1821 excavations were made, by 
 that zeedous and intelligent antiquary. Sir Thomas Phil- 
 lips, to lay open the plan, and it was ascertained, that 
 
 ^ Chapter Records. 
 
 II Most of the dates in this article, have been drawn from the 
 Foedera passim, and the remainder from antient Deeds and 
 Charters, in Manuscript. 
 
140 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 the editice extended to the length of seven hundred feet, 
 from East to West The floors of eight or nine apart- 
 ments were discovered, of which the largest was seventy- 
 feet long, and sixty two wide. Some of these floors were 
 paved with Norman tiles, ornamented with fleuis de lis, 
 birds, and fanciful devices, and some were composed of 
 a kind of smooth stucco. Several fragments of stained 
 glass were also found among the rubbish. The portion 
 of wall, still existing, is five feet thick, composed of rub- 
 ble, cemented with lime, and faced with layers of flints ; 
 and the part called the cellar, is the bottom of a subter- 
 raneous apartment, in one of the walls of which, is yet 
 left a portion of a semicircular arch. The building ap- 
 pears to have been faced in some places, with fine free- 
 stone, wrought with the utmost care. The ruin still bears 
 the antient name of King Manor. 
 
 At Milford, in one of the roads leading to Clarendon, 
 is a house, formerly occupied by Fielding, the novellist. 
 According to tradition, he here wrote part of his Tom 
 Jones. The house is now the residence of Lieut. Gen. 
 Wyndham. The bridge crossing the Bourne, a little 
 beyond, is not undeserving of notice. It is probably of 
 an age almost equal to the Palace at Clarendon, and may 
 be considered as a work of the latter end of the twelfth, 
 or beginning of the thirteenth Century. The deep hollow 
 w^ays, which lead to and from ii, are plainly portions of an 
 antient road. 
 
 A little more than a mile from the Royal Palace of 
 Clarendon, w^as formerly situated the Augustine Priory 
 of Ivy Church, which was dedicated to the blessed Virgin. 
 This establishment was perhaps founded for the spiritual 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 HI 
 
 advantage of the tenants of the Royal Palace. It may 
 have been built about the middle of the twelfth century; 
 for in the Hundred Rolls of Edward the First, the Jurors 
 state, that the Prior and Canons hold from the King, in 
 capife, the site of the Priory, and half a carucate of land, 
 in the Forest of Clarendon, which had been granted to 
 them, in pure and perpetual alms, by the gift of King 
 Stephen. § A charter of Henry the Third, dated Mottis- 
 font, December, 17, 1252, is also extant, allowing the 
 community pannage for twenty swine and their litters, in 
 the Forest of Clarendon, when that Forest was under 
 agistment. The same monarch, by a charter, dated at 
 Clarendon, December the 7, 1256, granted to God, and to 
 the Church of the Blessed Virgin at Ivy Church, all the 
 place, called Filiticrofts, within the Forest of Clarendon, 
 adjoining the road leading from Romsey to Salisbury, 
 and near the croft belonging to the said Canons. Edward 
 the Second, also, by a charter, dated, York, August, 15, 
 1314, yielded to the Priory, one hundred acres of land, 
 within the Forest, at a yearly rent of fifty-six shillings, 
 payable by the hands of the Sheriff of Wilts, and permitted 
 the community to cultivate, and inclose it with a small 
 trench and low hedge. The same monarch, b^ a charter, 
 dated Broughton, March 17, 1317, gave them pasture 
 for twenty oxen and cows, free of rent or service. To this, 
 within a few days, was added the grant of a yearly rent of 
 100 shillings, arising out of the Manor of Clarendon, 
 payable by the hands of the Bailiff', for the purpose of 
 helping to maintain the lights in the Pnory.|| 
 
 § Rotuli Hundredorum V. 2, p. 242. 
 II Dugdale Monasticon V. 3, p. 273. 
 
142 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 The Establishment must have obtained many other 
 donations of importance; for in the Ecclesiastical Survey 
 of Henry the Eighth, the total clear value of its revenues 
 is stated at£l30, 12s. 5d. including land orrents, invarious 
 parts of the county, especially at Alderbury, Laverstock, 
 Bemerton, and Quidhampton, Tilshead, and Shrewton. 
 The conventual structure has intirely disappeared, and 
 its site is occupied by a modern house. 
 
 Not far from Ivy Church, and in a less prominent situa- 
 tion is Clarendon Park, the elegant mansion of Sir Fre- 
 derick Bathurst, Bart, proprietor of the Manor. 
 
 Stonehenge is nine miles north of Salisbury, The two 
 usual roads thither, are, one over the Devizes plain, and 
 the other by Old Sarum, across the down to Amesbury. 
 The traveller, however, who admires beautiful and striking 
 scenery, will not fail to go or return, through the Bourn 
 watered by the Avon, on the side of Netton and Salterton. 
 
 Without entering into the inquiry, whether Amesbury 
 was the Caer Caradoc of the Britons, we may assign to 
 that small and obscure town, a remote degree of antiquity. 
 It was undoubtedly comprised among the possessions of 
 the West Saxon Monarchs. “The land at Ambresbyrig,'’ 
 is a part of the bequest, from Alfred the Great, to his 
 younger son Ethel ward* At Easter 994 King Ethelred 
 held here a Witena Gemot, f by which Elfric, bishop of 
 Wiltshire, was chosen to succeed to the see of Canterbury^ 
 vacant by the demise of Archbishop Siric, In Domes- 
 
 * Gunn’s Hisloria Britorum p. 46. 103. The will of Alfred 
 the Great, in the original Anglo Saxon p. 13-14. Saxon Chro- 
 nicle Ann. 994. 
 
 + We are inclined lo believe, that the Charier of Ethelred to Wil- 
 ton Abbe}', mentioned in p. 124, was saclioned by this Gemot.- 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 143 
 
 day, Atnesbury is described, as having been held by Ed- 
 ward the Confessor, and as then belonging to the King. 
 Lastly, its direct dependence on the crown, may be still 
 farther inferred, from the expression, that it had neither 
 been taxed, nor divided into hides.* * 
 
 Near the town, is the shell of the mansion, formerly 
 occupied by the Duke of Queensberry and his eccentric 
 Duchess. It acquires a degree of interest, as the residence 
 of Gay , the Fabulist, and occupies a place in the literary 
 history of the last century. It was erected by Inigo Jones^ 
 on the site of an antient abbey of the Benedictine order, 
 said to have been founded by Queen Elfrida, in expiation 
 of the murder of her son in law, Edward the Martyr, 
 
 In Domesday this Abbey is recorded, as holding in 
 Wiltshire, Bolington, Boscumbe, Allentone, Cheselstan- 
 stone, and Wintreburne. The nuns, however, appear 
 to have departed from the strictness of monastic rule ; for 
 in 1177, they were expelled from hence, to the number of 
 thirty, and distributed in other religious houses. The 
 Establishment was then transferred to the community of 
 Fontevraud, who were put in possession, by Richard 
 
 The hame of Sigeric, Archbishop, appears in the teste that 
 charter, but he probably died, .before the final separation of the as- 
 sembly, There was evidently some motive for proceeding' to the 
 immediate choice of a successor, as well as for the manner, in 
 which that choice was made,. Ethelred King, and all his witan:"* 
 
 Elfric was not consecrated till 990. 
 
 * Domesday, Art. Wiltescire. 
 
 The hundred of Amesbury, including perhaps Little Araesbury, 
 appears to have been granted by the Conqueror, to the family 
 of Devereux, aud from them to have passed to that of Longspee. 
 In the Hundred Rolls of Henry the Third, the Jurors present the 
 Hundred, as a free Hundred, belonging to William Longspee. 
 They state, that the Sheriff receives from it only 17s. in lieu of 
 Aids, and that it has the return of Writs, and the View of Frank 
 plege, without the Sheriff. Rot. Hund, V. 2, p. 237. 
 
144 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Arcbisliop of Canterbury. Some years afterwards, they 
 obtained from King John, a charter, in which he granted 
 them the Church of Eton, of Westwode, the Manor of 
 Lectone, in Bedfordshire, and several other benefactions. f 
 This house was for a time subject to the Establishment of 
 Fontevraud, w^as afterwards made denizen, and finally 
 recovered its rank as an Abbey. Apparently its charac- 
 ter was restored by these changes ; for Eleanor widow of 
 Henry the Third, after his death, became one of its in- 
 mates. By her persuasion or example, also, Mary, her 
 grand daughter, and sixth daughter of Edward the First, 
 took the veil here, with great solemnity, in 1285. She 
 does not, however, appear to have intirely renounced the 
 state attached 10 her rank. In 1301 an order of her father 
 Edward, is addressed to the keeper of his Manor of Cor- 
 sham, stating that in compensation for two hundred pounds, 
 which he had granted yearly, to his beloved daughter 
 Mary, remaining in the monastery of Fontevraud, at 
 Amesbury, for the support of her chamber, and also 
 for the twenty pipes of wine, which he had in the same 
 manner assigned to her yearly, by the hands of his She- 
 riff of Southampton, during her stay in the kingdom of 
 England ; he had yielded to her his Manor aforesaid. 
 The keeper was therefore required to deliver to her, the 
 Manor with its appurtenances, saving to the king his 
 goods and chattels there, and also the corn growing 
 on the lands. 
 
 A similar notification was issued to the keepers of the 
 Burgh of Wilton, and also to those of the Manors of 
 
 t Monasticon V. 1. p. 191. Tanner Notitia Monastica. Art. 
 Wilts. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 145 
 
 Sherston, Hurdecote, and of Freshwater, in the Isle of 
 Wight.t 
 
 With this concession was coupled a grant of fifty oaks, 
 yearly, from the Forests of Chuyt and Buckholt, for 
 keeping fires in her apartment. § 
 
 The Abbey of Amesbury was surrendered by the Ab- 
 bess and thirty four nuns, in 1540, and granted to Ed- 
 ward, Earl of Hertford.il 
 
 Some years ago, this spot was in a certain degree 
 restored to its original destination. The house was 
 tenanted by a Society of nuns, driven from Louvain, 
 during the time of the French Revolution. They have since 
 transferred their abode to Spettisbury in Dorsetshire. 
 The Conventual building has long been demolished ; and 
 of the Church only a part is now left, and used for pa- 
 rochial duties, 
 
 A small mansion, adjoining the town of Amesbury, is 
 the occasional residence of Sir Edward Antrobus, the 
 proprietor of the estate. 
 
 In the Bourn of the Avon, below Amesbury, is Lake 
 House, the residence of the Rev. E. Duke, occupy- 
 ing a delightful and picturesque situation, and still 
 preserving, in every respect, the character of the Old 
 English mansion. The enlightened proprietor is distin- 
 guished as an Antiquary, and is intitled to the applause 
 of every Wiltshire man, for his zeal in collecting and pre- 
 serving objects of interest, connected with the History 
 and Literature of the County. 
 
 ■y Abb. Rotul. 30 Ed. I. p. 22. 
 
 ^ Foedera tO Aug. 30 Edw. I. 
 
 |j Tanner Notitia Monastica, Art. Wilts. 
 
146 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Below Woodford is Hele House, now much reduced 
 from its original dimensions. Here Charles the Second 
 found a refuge, for several days, during his flight after 
 the defeat at Worcester. The anecdote, is best told in his 
 own words. 
 
 I went directly away from Tarrant in Dorsetshire, to a 
 widow gentlewoman’s house, just as it was dark, 
 with Robin Philips only, not intending at first to make 
 myself known. But as I alighted at the door, Mrs. 
 Hyde knew me, though she had never seen me but once 
 in her life, and that was with the King my father, in the 
 army, when we marched by Salisbury, some years before, 
 in the time of the war. But she being a discreet woman, 
 took no notice at the time of me, I passing only for a friend 
 of Robin Philips, by whose advice I went thither. 
 
 ‘‘ At supper there was with us, Frederic Hyde, since 
 a judge, and his sister in law, a widow ; Robin Philips, 
 myself, and Doctor Henshaw, since bishop of London, 
 whom I had appointed to meet me there. 
 
 “ While we were at supper, I observed Mrs. Hyde and 
 her brother to look earnestly at me, which led me to 
 believe they might know me. iBiit I was not at all star- 
 tled at it, it having been my purpose to let her know who 
 I was. Accordingly after supper, Mrs, Hyde came to 
 me, and I discovered myself to her, who told me, she 
 had a very safe place to hide me in, till we knew whe- 
 ther our ship was ready or no. But she said it was not 
 safe for her to trust any body, but herself and her sister ; 
 and therefore desired me to take my horse, next morn- 
 ing, and make as if I quitted the house, and return again 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 147 
 
 about night, for she would order it so, that all her ser- 
 vants and every body should be out of the house, but 
 herself and her sister, vyhose name I remember not. 
 
 So Robin Philips and I took our horses, and went as 
 far as Stonehenge, and there we staid looking at the 
 stones, for some time ; and returned back to Hele, the 
 place where Mrs. Hyde lived, about the hour she appoin- 
 ted. I went up into the hiding, that was very con- 
 venient and safe, and staid there all alone, Robin 
 Philips then going away to Salisbury, some four or five 
 days.*'^ 
 
 Wardour Castle, sixteen miles South West of Salis- 
 bury, is known as the seat of Lord Arundel ; and can- 
 not fail to attract the attention of those, who seek in tra- 
 vel the gratification of a liberal curiosity. The house is 
 beautifully situated, and contains a fine Collection of 
 paintings, and other works of art, in which those of a 
 religious nature chiefly predominate. The mouldering 
 remains of the Old Castle, will awaken a deep interest, 
 associated as the spot must ever be, with the memory of 
 Lady Blanche, so celebrated for her heroic defence 
 of this fortress, against the attack of the parliamentary 
 forces. 
 
 The Abbey of Fonthill, once rivalling the gorgeous mag- 
 nificence of the East, is now little better than a ruin. On 
 the 21st of December, 1825 the lofty tower fell, with an 
 awful crash, broke through the roof of the Abbey, and 
 demolished the hall, the octagon, and great part of the 
 
 * Account of the preservation of King Charles the Second, 
 after the battle of Worcester, p. 55. 
 
148 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 two galleries. Since this catastrophe, the place has been 
 purchased by John Benett, Esq. M.P. for Wilts, in 
 whose possession it remains, no longer an object of intense 
 but fruitless curiosity, as while closed by the jealous care 
 of its proprietor, nor of enthusiastic delight, as when its 
 magic splendours were suddenly displayed, to the enrap- 
 tured eyes of an admiring country. 
 
EARLS OF SARUM, 
 
 OR 
 
 SALISBURY- 
 
 Although the Earls of Salisbury, as such, were at 
 no time intimately connected with the City, it is not in- 
 tirely foreign to our purpose, to present a list of those 
 noblemen, who have successively borne the title. 
 
 The nature of the office of Eorl, or Alderman, in the 
 Saxon times, is so imperfectly known, that it will be need- 
 less to dwell on the assertion of Knyghton, with respect 
 to the appointment of Edric, as Eorl of Salisbury in 1093.f 
 
 The Edward of Salisbury, who is mentioned in Domes- 
 day, was younger son of Walter d’Evereux, Count of 
 Rosmar in Normandy, who had accompanied the Con- 
 queror, in his invasion, and shared the fruits of his 
 success. Being born in England, this Edward ap- 
 pears to have inherited the English possessions of his 
 father; while his elder brother succeded to the family 
 property and honours, in Normandy. Edward probably 
 received his nominal distinction, from his occupation of the 
 fortress of Salisbury, as Sheriff of Wilts ; but he did not 
 bear the title of Earl. He left a son Walter, who was 
 the father of two sons: Patrick, the first person raised 
 
 f Knyghton Cap. 2, p. 2315. 
 
150 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 to the Earldom of Salisbury, and Edward, who held the 
 office of Sheriff of Wilts. In his latter years, Walter 
 assumed the monastic habit, and closed his life, in a re- 
 ligious house, which he had founded at Bradenstoke. 
 
 Patrick, Earl of Salisbury, was assassinated in 1169, 
 in his passage through Aquitaine, from a pilgrimage to 
 St, Jago de Compostella, by Guy de Lusignan, with 
 whom he had been long at variance. He is mentioned as 
 holding the time of his death, the Castle and town of 
 Old Sarum, and the office of Sheriff of Wilts. § 
 
 Earl Patrick was succeeded in his honours, by his son 
 William, who must have been the Earl of Salisbury, 
 mentioned with the Earl of Clare, and the Earl of War- 
 ren, as witnesses to the letter patent of flichard the 
 First, granting the permission to hold tournaments, in 
 this neighbourhood. He must consequently have beeti 
 living in 1195, the date of that document. 
 
 Dying at Paris, apparently soon afterwards, he left an 
 only daughter and heiress Ela, who espoused William, 
 surnamed Longspee, natural son of Henry the second, by 
 Rosamond Clifford, commonly called Fair Rosamond. He 
 obtained in right of his wife, the Earldom of Salisbury, 
 in 1197, and also that of Rosmar, to which she became 
 heiress, by the failure of the elder branch. We have al- 
 ready adverted to the circumstances of his death, which 
 happened in 1226. 
 
 He left a son William, from whom the title was with- 
 
 §In the Calendarium Inquisitionum post mortem, published 
 under tho authority of parliament, this article is introduced un- 
 der the date 16 Ed w. HI. It should have been apparently 16. 
 
 Hen. II. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 151 
 
 held, and whose frustrated hopes and untimely fate have 
 been already mentioned. His other sons were Richard, 
 a Canon of Salisbury, Stephen, chief Justiciary of Ire- 
 land, and Nicholas, who afterwards became bishop of 
 Salisbury, He left four daughters, who all married into 
 powerful families. 
 
 Under William, the son of the preceding William, 
 the title remained also in abeyance. He left, however, 
 an only daughter Margaret, who seems to have obtained 
 the honour of Countess of Salisbury, and conveyed it to her 
 husband, Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln. Their only 
 daughter and heiress, Alice, espoused first Thomas Plan- 
 tagenet, Earl of Lancaster, who acted a leading and impor- 
 tant part, in the contests, between the barons and Edward 
 the Second. On the execution of this nobleman, in 1322, 
 after the unsuccessful attempt to expel the Spensers, the 
 property which he held, in right of his wife, appears to 
 have been seized and appropriated by the crown. She 
 espoused successively, Eubold le Strange, and Hugh 
 de Frenes, but died m 1348 without issue. She is said 
 to have assumed the designation of Countess of Lincoln 
 and Salisbury. 
 
 The title was not again conferred till the ensuing reign. 
 A part of the inheritance of the family of Devereux, com- 
 prising Amesbury, Winterbourn, and other places, in this 
 neighbourhood, was granted by Edward the Third, to 
 William de Montacute, as a reward for his services, in 
 the capture of the minion Mortimer, in as full and free a 
 manner, as the progenitors Of Margaret, Countess of 
 Salisbury, had ever held them.’^ To this gift was added 
 
152 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 in 1337, f the grant of the Earldom, together with an an- 
 nual pension of a thousand pounds, and the office of 
 Earl Marshal, for life. 
 
 To this Earl in 1343 succeeded his son, William, who 
 was highly distinguished as a warrior. He was present 
 at the battle of Cressy, in 1345 ; and contributed by his 
 valour to the victory at Fortiers. He died in 1397. 
 
 He had two sons, William, who was unfortunately 
 killed in a tournament at Windsor, in 1384, and John, a 
 knight, who died in 1389.§ 
 
 Accordingly John, the son of the latter, by Margaret, 
 daughter and heiress of Ralph de Monthermer, succeeded 
 his uncle, in the Earldom of Salisbury in 1397, 
 
 Attached by gratitude and principle to Richard the 
 Second, he served him faithfully as a subject ; and even 
 after his compulsory abdication, did not abandon his cause 
 He, therefore, in 1400 entered into a conspiracy, with 
 several other noblemen, to seize the intrusive King, Henry 
 the Fourth, during a tournament, which was to be held at 
 Oxford. The discovery of the plot, which was made by 
 the Duke of York, father of the Earl of Rutland, one 
 of the conspirators, has furnished Shakespeare with 
 the subject of an affecting scene , in the Historical play of 
 Richard the Second. Baffled in their design, the Earls 
 
 t From this fact, the title of Alice could not have been recog- 
 nised by the crown ; for she lived eleven years after the Earldom 
 of Salisbury bad been transferred to the Montacutes. 
 
 §This nobleman espoused Margaret, grand daughter and heir- 
 ess of Ralph, Baron Monthermer, and was summoned to parliament 
 among the Barons, as “John de Montacute but apparently in 
 right of his wife, from 1357 to his death. He is buried in our 
 Cathedral. See description of his monument, in the Historical 
 Account of the Cathedral p. 196. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 153 
 
 of Salisbury and Kent took refuge at Cirencester, but 
 being- captured by the townsmen, they were put to death, 
 in that summary manner, which marks all the political re- 
 volutions of the time. II 
 
 The Earl of Salisbury was attainted, and his family 
 deprived of their rank, but in a few years it was recovered 
 by Thomas, his son, who was summoned to Parliament, 
 as Earl of Salisbury, in 1410, and was fully restored, in 
 blood and honours in 1421. This nobleman was distin- 
 guished for prowess and skill, in the most stirring 
 period of our annals ; and merits the commendation he 
 has obtained, from our great dramatic poet, as the 
 mirror of all martial men/' Without dwelling on his 
 early exploits, we may observe, that he defeated the 
 French at Fresnoy, recovered Avranches and Melun, 
 reduced Sens in Champagne, and in 1424, as second in 
 command, under the Duke of Bedford, bore an im- 
 portant share in the victory of Verneuil. He received a 
 mortal wound, at the siege of Orleans, in 1428, and his 
 eulogium is contained in the speech, which Shakespeare 
 assigns to^ his friend and fellow warrior, the illustrious 
 Talbot : 
 
 In thirteen battles Salisbury overcame, 
 
 Henry the Filth he first trained to the wars. 
 
 Whilst any trump did sound, or drum strike up, 
 
 His sword did ne’er leave striking- in the field.’’ 
 
 Henry IV. Act 1, Scene 4. 
 
 II At so distant a period, it is diflBcultto penetrate the secrets of 
 the prison house.” But it appears far from improbable, that the 
 untimely and violent death of Richard the Second, was the imme- 
 diate consequence of this attempt for his liberation. 
 
154 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 He lefi an only daughter Alice, who espoused Richard 
 Neville, eldest son of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. To 
 him she conveyed her rights to the Earldom of Salisbury, 
 which title he obtained in 1442. He was made prisoner 
 on the defeat of the Yorkists, at Wakefield, in 1 460 ; and 
 immediately suffered death, at Pontefract. 
 
 His son and successor Richard, who united in his person 
 by inheritance, the Earldoms of Warwick and Salisbury, 
 and is popularly surnamed the king- maker, occupies too 
 conspicuous a place in English History, to need particular 
 notice in these pages. He had two daughters, whose 
 marriages evinced the estimation attached to his vast 
 possessions and superior influence. The hand of Isabella, 
 the eldest, for a time secured in his interests, George, 
 Duke of Clarence, second brother of Edward the Fourth ; 
 and the younger, Ann, during his temporary retreat to the 
 continent, was united to Edward, Prince of Wales, son 
 of Henry the Sixth, as a pledge of his determination to 
 support the cause of that unfortunate monarch. After 
 the death of Warwick, at Barnet, Clarence so far conci- 
 liated his brother, as to obtain in 1472, the title of Earl 
 of Salisbury and Warwick, in right of his wife, and bore 
 it till his execution in 1479. He left a son, Edward, 
 who was beheaded, in 1499, a victim to the fears of Henry 
 the Seventh, and a daughter, Margaret, who became the 
 wife of Sir Richard Pole, knight. Ann, the younger 
 daughter of Warwick, was made a widow by the murder 
 of her husband, after the defeat at Tewkesbury, in 1471, 
 She was subsequently inveigled or compelled to mdrry the 
 Duke of Gloucester, who usurped the crown, under the 
 designation of Richard the Third. By him she had a 
 
SAL1SBUP*.Y. 
 
 155 
 
 son, Edward, who was created Earl of Salisbury, by 
 Edward the Fouith, in 1477, on the death of Clarence; but 
 died at an early age, in April, 1484. 
 
 The title was revived in 1513, in the person of Mar- 
 garet, daughter of the Duke of Clarence, and wife of Sir 
 Richard de la Pole, in consequence of an appeal to the 
 Parliament. But like her brother, she fell a victim to the 
 jealousy of the reigning sovereign ; being brought to the 
 scaffold, in 1541, by Henry the Eighth, on a vague accusa- 
 tion of treasonable correspondence with theCourt of Rome. 
 
 The title now remained dormant for a considerable pe- 
 riod. It was at length conferred by James the First, in 
 1605, on Robert Cecil, whose services had been previously 
 rewarded with the title of Baron of Essendon, and Vis- 
 count Cranborne. From Robert, who died in May, 1612, 
 the title decended to his son and heir, William. Charles, 
 the son of this nobleman, dying before his father, the 
 family honours devolved in 1668 on his grandson, James. 
 He was succeeded in 1683 by a son, James, whose de- 
 cease occurred in 1694. James, the next earl, died in 
 1728; his son and successor James, in 1780; and the 
 son and successor of this last, named also James, was in 
 1789, created first Marquis of Salisbury, On his demise, 
 in 1823, the title fell to the present possessor, James 
 Brownlow William. 
 
 § Antiquitates Sarisburienses. — Gough’s Camden, Art. Salis- 
 bury. — Bolton’s Extinct Peerage. — Nicholas’s Synopsis of the 
 Peerage. 
 
GOVERNMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CLOSE AND CITY. 
 
 The Bishop of Salisbury enjoys the same authority 
 over the City, and its inhabitants, as the Lord of a man- 
 or in his demesne. He holds half yearly a Court Leet, 
 to which every inhabitant of the City ought to come, if 
 required, and take the oath of allegiance. If present at 
 the Court after Michaelmas, the bishop administers the 
 Oath of Office to the Mayor, 
 
 The Bishop can also hold a Court Baron, if need be, 
 every fortnight. At this Court the freeholders, a few 
 excepted, are bound to pay a quit rent, and to take an 
 oath of fealty.f 
 
 He is empowered, also to hold a court for all actions, be 
 the debt or damages ever so great ; and the proceedings are 
 
 + The writer omitted to mention in the proper place, that af- 
 ter the accommodation, to which reference is made in page 42, a 
 new feud arose between the bishop and the citizens. In conse- 
 quence of various trespasses, and other acts of violence and in- 
 croachment, committed against the Bishop and the members of 
 the church, an appeal was made in 1395 to the King and his 
 Council. The cause was decided against the mayor and citizens, 
 who were required to enter into a general recognisance, that they 
 would obey the judgment of the Council, and condfict themselves 
 therealter peaceably and obediently, under the penalty of twenty 
 thousand pounds. Two hundred of the citizens, also, were selec- 
 ted by name, apparently as more distinguished oftenders, and re- 
 quired to enter into special recognisances, of one thousand pounds 
 each, to the same eft'ect. The Copy of this recognisance is given 
 Madox Firma Burgi p. 142. note. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 157 
 
 by jury, according to the forms of common law. Citizens or 
 householders cannot however be arrested, or their goods 
 attached, till they are first summoned to appear in person 
 or by attorney. The feudal jurisdiction of the prelate, 
 extends to all the manors, dependent on the See, but at 
 present his claims to fines and amerciaments, are limited 
 to tlie City of New Sarum, and levied under the name of 
 Green- Wax money. 
 
 The Bishop appoints a Bailiff by patent. That office 
 is now held by the Earl of Pembroke, The deputy bai- 
 liff, is also appointed by his Lordship, as is the Coroner. 
 Those posts are at present filled by Edward Davies, and 
 James Cobb, Esquires. 
 
 The Close, by a Charter granted in the ninth year of 
 the reign of James the first, is constituted a separate 
 Jurisdiction, the Magistrates of which are the Bishop, 
 Dean, Precentor, Chancellor of the Church, Treasurer 
 and Canons Residentiary. They may hold Sessions for 
 the Liberty of the Close, either in the Guild-hall of the 
 City, or within the precincts of the Close itself, with license 
 from the Bishop; and enjoy the same privileges in every 
 respect, as the Justices of the peace for the City of New 
 Sarum, or those for the County of Wilts, By this Char- 
 ter all persons are prohibited from exercising any handi- 
 craft, or trade, within the Close, and its liberty, except one 
 carpenter and glazier, and one plumber, whose services 
 may be wanted for the repairs of the Church. 
 
 The present members of the Establishment, are ; 
 
 The Right Reverend Thomas Burgess, D.D. Lord 
 Bishop- 
 
 The very Rev. Hugh Nicolas Pearson, D.D. Dean. 
 
158 
 
 ACCOUNT OT 
 
 The Rev. Philip Fisher, D.D. Precentor, 
 
 The Honourable and Right Rev. Hugh, Lord Bishop 
 of Carlisle, Chancellor of the Church. 
 
 The Reverend Liscombe Clarke, M.A. Treasurer. 
 
 Rev. Matthew Marsh, B.D. Chancellor of the Dio- 
 cese, Canon Residentiary. 
 
 The Rev. W. Macdonald, M. A. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 The Honourable and Rev. Frederick Pleydell Bou- 
 verie, M A. Canon Residentiary* 
 
 The Rev. W. Lisle Bowles, M.A. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 The Rev. William Fisher, M A. Canon Residentiary. 
 
 The municipal rights and privileges of the Corporation 
 of Salisbury are founded on the Charter of James the 
 First, as modified by those of Charles the Second and 
 Anne. This Body, under the title of the Mayor and 
 Commonalty of the city of New Sarum, consists of a 
 Ma^or, a Recorder, Deputy Recorder, twenty- four Al- 
 dermen, and thirty§ Assistants, or Common Council- 
 men. The Mayor, for the time being, the ex-Mayor of 
 the year preceding, the Recorder, the Deputy- Recorder, 
 and ten senior Aldermen, who have filled the office of 
 Mayor, are Magistrates for the city. 
 
 Two days in the year are commonly called Charter days; 
 one, the first Thursday after the feast of St. Matthew, 
 September 21, the other, the Wednesday, three weeks 
 after Easter Monday. On the first of these days, the 
 Mayor is annually elected. On either, vacancies among 
 the Aldermen or Assistants are filled. The Recorder and 
 Deputy Recorder are elected, the first within fifteen days, 
 
 § The original number of Assistants, according to the Charter 
 of James, was forty eight, but by that of Charles theSecond,it was 
 reduced to thirty. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 ]59 
 
 the second at any ht time, after the death or removal of 
 his predecessor. 
 
 With respect to the choice of a Mayor, at some conve- 
 nient time before the autumn Charter day, the Mayor and 
 Aldermen assemble, and nominate two persons, com- 
 petent to fill the office. These are presented to the 
 Common Council, on the Charter day ; and the individual 
 selected by that body is from that day, till the Wednesday 
 after the feast of St. Martin, November the 11th, termed 
 the Mayor elect. He then takes the customary oaths, and 
 immediately enters on his functions. 
 
 The Recorder is elected by the Mayor, Aldermen and 
 Assistants, subject to the approbation of the Crown ; the 
 Deputy Recorder, by the Mayor and Aldermen only. 
 By the Charter of Charles the Second, he is to supply the 
 place of the Recorder, to be one of the Quorum^ and to 
 exercise all the power and authority, jurisdiction, and 
 faculties, which the Recorder himself then had, or might 
 have in the city. 
 
 The Aldermen are thus chosen. On the day before 
 Charter day, the Mayor and Aldermen assemble, and 
 nominate from among the Assistants, two individuals for 
 each vacancy. Of these, the Assistants, or a Majority 
 of them, elect one. The Assistants are chosen on either 
 of the Charter days, by the Common Council. 
 
 The Mayor, and all the Members of the Corporation, 
 are sworn to the performance of their respective duties, 
 according to certain prescribed forms. The Mayor Elect 
 is sworn in the presence of the Bishop, or of the Dean, 
 in a vacancy of the See, or else before the Mayor his 
 
160 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 predecesisor, the Recorder, and Aldermen, or any four of 
 their body. The Recorder and Deputy Recorder, are 
 sworn in the same form precisely : the first before the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, the last before the Mayor only. 
 An Alderman or Assistant must be sworn before the 
 Mayor, the Recorder, or the Deputy Recorder. 
 
 Twenty five members, including the Mayor, Recorder? 
 or Deputy Recorder, are requisite to form a Com- 
 mon Council. Except on the two Charter days? the 
 Mayor has not the power to convene a Common Council, 
 v/ithout the previous sanction of the Magistrates of the 
 City. 
 
 The Magistrates, in the general Sessions, are by the 
 Charter of James, vested with the power of trying any 
 crime under treason. On these occasions the Recorder, 
 or Deputy Recorder presides. 
 
 The Town Clerk officiates as the general legal adviser 
 of the Mayor, on all common occasions- The subordi- 
 nate officers are three Sergeants at Mace, four high, and 
 thirteen petty Constables. 
 
 The present members of the Corporation are: ) 
 
 John Lush Alford, Esq., Mayor. 
 
 The Earl Radnor, Recorder. 
 
 Robert Benson, Esq. 
 Mr. Wm. Boucher 
 Mr. Thos. Goddard 
 Mr. Edw. Stevens 
 Mr. James Sutton 
 Mr. H. Wyche 
 Mr. Edw. Davies 
 Mr. W; B. Brodie 
 
 Deputy Recorder. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Andrews 
 Mr. G. C. Brodie 
 Rev. C. R. Collins 
 Mr. Wm. Woolfryes 
 Mr.H. Emiy 
 Mr. Thos. Dyke 
 Mr. G. Atkinson 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 161 
 
 Mr. John Sparsliatt 
 
 Mr. W. Ellis 
 
 Mr. G. Pain 
 
 Mr. T. Brown 
 
 Mr. James Bennett 
 
 Mr. J. Hussey 
 
 Mr. James Cob() 
 
 Mr. C. W. Everett 
 
 Mr. J. B. H. Tanner 
 
 Mr. Henry Shorto 
 
 Mr. Thos. O. Stevens 
 
 Dr. John Grove 
 
 Mr. G. Sutton 
 
 Mr. W. Goddard 
 
 Mr. W. Fawcett 
 
 Mr. T.N. Chubb 
 
 Mr. John Beare 
 
 Mr. H. Everett 
 
 Mr. Thos. Atkinson 
 
 Mr. J. D. P. Loder 
 
 Mr. Giles Loder 
 
 Mr. W. H. Coates 
 
 Mr. G. Brown 
 
 Mr. Rt. Maekrell 
 
 Mr. James Easton 
 
 Mr. G. Brown, Jun. 
 
 Dr. Rd. Fowler 
 
 Mr. Wm. Blackmore 
 
 Mr. Alex. Minty 
 
 Mr. S. Foot 
 
 Mr. W. B. Blackmore 
 
 Mr. G. Sampson 
 
 Mr. Matth. Targett 
 
 Mr. Thos. Goddard, Jun. 
 
 Mr. G. Wyndham 
 
 Mr. John Cother 
 
 Dr. Samuel Fisher 
 
 Mr.Wm. Smith 
 
 Mr. John Blatch 
 
 
 Tlie Earl of Pembroke, High Steward. 
 
 Messrs. James Bennett and John Beare, Chamberlains. 
 Mr. Matthias Thomas Hodding, Town Clerk, 
 
 ARMS OF NEW SARUM, OR SALISBURY. 
 
 Barry of eight, azure and or, supported by two eagles 
 displayed, with two heads, or. Each gorged round the 
 neck, with a ducal coronet, azure^ beaked and legged of 
 the last. From the Visitation taken in 1565. 
 
162 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 POPULATION OF SALISBURY. 
 
 By a census taken in 1695, the inhabitants of the dif- 
 ferent parishes were found to be 
 
 St: Thomas^ 2665 
 
 St. Edmund's 2742 
 
 St. Martin's 1569 
 
 6976 
 
 On an average of seven years, from 1692 to 1698, the 
 baptisms amounted to 209, deaths 191, marriages 52. 
 
 In 1775, according to a census, taken by order of the 
 Corporation, the amount was then, 
 
 Natives 5334 
 
 Strangers, inmates, and servants • • • 692 
 
 Totally strangers 709 
 
 Doubtful 50 
 
 On certificate 71 
 
 6856 
 
 On an average of seven years, from 1773 to 1778, the 
 baptisms were 174, deaths, 208, marriages 76.f 
 
 According to the Population Returns, published by 
 Government. 
 
 
 1801 
 
 1811 
 
 1821 
 
 1831 
 
 St. Edmnnd 
 
 3,159 
 
 3,252 
 
 3,912 
 
 4,612 
 
 St. Martin 
 
 1,750 
 
 1,888 
 
 2,104 
 
 2,362 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 2,217 
 
 2,579 
 
 2,230 
 
 2,364 
 
 
 7,126 
 
 7,719 
 
 8,246 
 
 9,338 
 
 Annual value of property, as assessed in 1815, £15,874. 
 
 Close of the Canons | 542 f 524 [ 517 | 538 | 
 
 Annual value of property, as above, £2,391- 
 
 t Easton’s Guide, page 33. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 163 
 
 According to the return of 1821, the parish of St- 
 Edmund contained, 
 
 Inhabited houses 707 
 
 Families 830 
 
 Houses building 10 
 
 Uninhabited 12 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 28 
 
 In trade or handicraft 724 
 
 Others 48 
 
 Males 1852 
 
 Females - — 2060 
 
 3,912 
 
 St. Martin’s contained 
 
 Houses 423 
 
 Families 504 
 
 Building — 
 
 Houses uninhabited 23 
 
 Families employed in agriculture — 
 
 In manufacture, handicraft, &c 446 
 
 Others 58 
 
 Males 978 
 
 Females 1126 
 
 2,104 
 
 The parish of St. Thomas’s contained, 
 
 Houses inhabited 390 
 
 Families 428 
 
 Houses building 4 
 
 Uninhabited * . . . . 28 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 21 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c 345 
 
 Others 62 
 
 Males 982 
 
 Females 1248 
 
 2,230 
 
 The Close contained, 
 
 Inhabited houses 85 
 
 Families 110 
 
164 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Houses building — 
 
 Uniahabited 2 
 
 Families employed in agriculture — 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c, *31 
 
 Others 79 
 
 Males 161 
 
 Females 356 
 
 517 
 
 Total of the City and Close, 
 
 Inhabited houses 1605 
 
 Families 1872 
 
 Houses building 14 
 
 Uninhabited 65 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 49 
 
 In manufacture, trad^, handicraft 1576 
 
 Others 247 
 
 Males 3273 
 
 Females 4790 
 
 8763 
 
 In, 1831 St. Edmund’s contained. 
 
 Inhabited houses 907 
 
 Families 1078 
 
 Building 1 
 
 Uninhabited 44 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 14 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c 455 
 
 Others 609 
 
 Males 2167 
 
 Females 2445 
 
 4,612 
 
 St, Martin’s contained, 
 
 Inhabited houses 457 
 
 Families 566 
 
 Building * 5 
 
 Uninhabited 44 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 11 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c 240 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 165 
 
 Others 315 
 
 Males 1119 
 
 Females 1243 
 
 2,362 
 
 The parish of St. Thomas contained, 
 
 Houses inhabited • • 421 
 
 Families 501 
 
 Houses building — 
 
 Uninhabited 18 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 2 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c 293 
 
 Others 206 
 
 Males 1020 
 
 Females 1344 
 
 2,364 
 
 The Close contained, 
 
 Inhabited houses 
 
 Families 119 
 
 Houses building — 
 
 Uninhabited 6 
 
 Families employed in agriculture — 
 
 In trade, handicraft, &c. 15 
 
 Others 105 
 
 Males 175 
 
 Females 363 
 
 538 
 
 Total of the City and Close, 
 
 Inhabited houses 1871 
 
 Families 2264 
 
 Houses building 6 
 
 Uninhabited 89 
 
 Families employed in agriculture 27 
 
 In manufacture, trade, handicraft 1003 
 
 Others 1234 
 
 Males 4481 
 
 Females - 5395 
 
 9876 
 
166 
 
 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 According to the same authority, the number of bap- 
 tisms, marriages, and burials, in the three parishes is thus 
 stated, for the following periods : 
 
 Baptisms. 
 
 1 Marriages. 
 
 Burials. 
 
 1 Year. 
 
 1 
 
 Males. 
 
 ec 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 Cm 
 
 Total. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1801 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 166 
 
 48 
 
 82 
 
 73 
 
 155 
 
 1802 
 
 85 
 
 78 
 
 163 
 
 109 
 
 88 
 
 89 : 
 
 177 
 
 1803 
 
 102 
 
 100 
 
 202 
 
 71 
 
 115 
 
 133 
 
 248 
 
 1804 
 
 80 
 
 112 
 
 192 
 
 75 
 
 84 
 
 107 
 
 191 
 
 1805 
 
 91 
 
 101 
 
 192 
 
 65 
 
 79 
 
 104 
 
 183 
 
 1806 
 
 104 
 
 : 113 
 
 217 
 
 52 
 
 96 
 
 108 
 
 204 
 
 1807 
 
 108 
 
 1 101 
 
 209 
 
 76 
 
 112 
 
 118 
 
 230 
 
 1808 
 
 103 
 
 116 
 
 219 
 
 70 
 
 102 
 
 78 
 
 180 
 
 1809j 
 
 101 
 
 109 
 
 2l0 
 
 82 
 
 66 
 
 79 
 
 145 
 
 1810 
 
 124 
 
 123 
 
 247 
 
 71 
 
 99 
 
 90 
 
 189 
 
 1811 
 
 98 
 
 117 
 
 215 
 
 71 
 
 96 
 
 112 
 
 208 
 
 1812 
 
 97 
 
 103 
 
 200 
 
 82 
 
 107 
 
 122 
 
 229 
 
 1813 
 
 145 
 
 127 
 
 272 
 
 73 
 
 78 
 
 71 
 
 149 
 
 18141 
 
 j 120 
 
 115 
 
 235 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 102 
 
 187 
 
 1815 
 
 ! 138 
 
 J42 
 
 280 
 
 82 
 
 106 
 
 101 
 
 207 
 
 1816 
 
 134 
 
 114 
 
 248 
 
 71 
 
 136 
 
 128 
 
 264 
 
 1817 
 
 120 
 
 121 
 
 241 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 102 
 
 181 
 
 1818 
 
 no 
 
 133 
 
 243 
 
 87 
 
 73 
 
 93 
 
 166 
 
 1819 
 
 119 
 
 145 
 
 264 
 
 85 
 
 96 
 
 109 
 
 205 
 
 1820 
 
 123 
 
 143 
 
 266 
 
 80 
 
 114 
 
 119 
 
 233 
 
 1821 
 
 98 
 
 81 
 
 179 
 
 69 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 131 
 
 1822 
 
 87 
 
 94 
 
 181 
 
 66 
 
 73 
 
 66 
 
 139 
 
 1823 
 
 104 
 
 86 
 
 190 
 
 51 
 
 68 
 
 77 
 
 145 
 
 1824 
 
 87 
 
 96 
 
 183 
 
 53 
 
 67 
 
 54 
 
 121 
 
 1825 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 154 
 
 43 
 
 86 
 
 110 
 
 196 
 
 1826 
 
 91 
 
 1 85 
 
 176 
 
 44 
 
 96 
 
 82 
 
 178 
 
 1827 
 
 81 
 
 1 95 
 
 176 
 
 1 57 
 
 54 
 
 70 
 
 124 
 
 1828 
 
 92 i 
 
 90 
 
 182 
 
 ' 57 
 
 65 
 
 73 
 
 138 
 
 1829 
 
 83 1 
 
 89 
 
 172 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 82 
 
 143 
 
 1830 
 
 86 ! 
 
 94 
 
 180 
 
 65 
 
 73 
 
 69 
 
 1 142 1 
 
 Of the adjoining parish of Fisherton Anger, the popu- 
 lation amounted in 
 
 1801 to 865— 181 1 to 893—1821 to 1253-1831 to 1496. 
 
 The annual value of property assessed in 18L5 was £2547. 
 
SALIBBURY. 
 
 167 
 
 SALISBURY POST DELIVERY. 
 
 Those marked P are two-penny posts, and those with 
 
 a * are not regularly delivered. 
 Abbotstone * 
 
 Alderbury * 
 
 Alvediston p 
 Ansley p 
 Aston p 
 Avon p 
 Bapton p 
 Bathampton p 
 Barford p 
 Baverstock p 
 Belmont * 
 
 Bemerton ^ 
 
 Berwick, St. James p 
 Bishop’s-down * 
 
 Bishopstone ^ 
 
 Bodenham 
 Breamore 
 Britford * 
 
 Buckholt 
 Bullbridge 
 Burcombe 
 Chalk Broad * 
 
 Chalk Bower 
 
 Cashmore 
 
 Charford 
 
 Charlton 
 
 Chettle 
 
 Chilhampton p 
 Chilmark p 
 Clarendon * 
 
 Combe * 
 
 Compton p 
 Critchell 
 Dean East ^ 
 
 Dean West * 
 
 Deptford Inn p 
 Dinton p 
 
 Ditch ampton 
 Dogdean * 
 
 Downton 
 Durnford Great p 
 Durnford Little p 
 Earldoms * 
 
 Ebbesborne p 
 Elstone p 
 Farnham, Dorset 
 Farley * 
 
 Fifield p 
 Fisherton Anger 
 Fisherton Delamere 
 Foulstone or Fuggleatone 
 Ford * 
 
 Fovant p 
 French more * 
 
 Gomeldon or Gombledon* 
 Grimstead, East 
 Grimstead, West * 
 Grovely 
 
 Gussage, All Saints 
 Gussage, St. Michael 
 Gussage, St. Andrew 
 Hale, and House 
 Hampworth 
 Handley, and House 
 Harnham, East 
 Harnham, West 
 Haystone * 
 
 Hele p 
 Homington * 
 
 Hurdcot, and House p 
 Idmiston * 
 
 Ivy-church * 
 
 Knighton * 
 
 Landford 
 
1-68 ACCOUNT OF 
 
 Langford Hanging p 
 Langford Steeple p 
 Laversiock * 
 
 London Elm p 
 
 Longford Castle 
 
 Maddington p 
 
 Manor house, Durnford p 
 
 Martin 
 
 Milford ♦ 
 
 Minchington ♦ 
 
 Marwarden House p 
 Netton p 
 New Hall 
 New House 
 Netherhampton * 
 Newtown, South p 
 Newton p 
 Nun ton 
 Odstock 
 
 Orcheston, St. Mary p 
 Orcheston, St. George p 
 Pensworth 
 Pentridge 
 Peter’s Finger * 
 
 Pitton * 
 
 Porton * 
 
 Quidhampton 
 Redlynch 
 Ridge or Rudge p 
 Rolston p 
 Rushmore 
 Salterton p 
 Shrewton p 
 
 Standlypch 
 
 Ditto House, or Trafalgar 
 Stapleford p 
 Stockton p 
 Stoke p 
 
 Stoford or Stowford p 
 Stratford p 
 
 Stratford St. Anthony p 
 Sutton Mandeville p 
 SwallowclifF p 
 Tarrant Hinton 
 Thickthorn 
 
 Tidpit [Middle p 
 
 Teffont, Upper, Lower, & 
 Thorney Down 
 Throope * 
 
 Tollard Royal 
 
 Toyd 
 
 Ugford 
 
 Up wood [Nether 
 
 Wallop Upper, Middle & 
 Whaddon^ 
 
 Wick 
 
 Wilton 
 
 Wily p [Dantsey ^ 
 
 Winterbourne, Gunner & 
 Winterbourne Earls p 
 Winterbourne Stoke 
 Winterslow 
 Wish ford p 
 Witherington 
 Woodcutts 
 Woodyates 
 
 ARRIVAL OF THE POST. 
 
 Bristol road, including those from Scotland, Ireland, 
 and Wales, half past twelve night. 
 
 Portsmouth road, including the Isle of Wight, half past 
 one, morning. 
 
SALISBURY. 
 
 169 
 
 London road, by Falmouth Mail, 3 o'Clock in 
 the Morning, 
 
 Devizes road, half past eleven, Morning. 
 
 Christchurch, and S. W. j)ait of Dorset, quarter 
 past ten in the evening. 
 
 Falmouth and Blandford road, including letters 
 from Guernsey and Jerse}^ half past ten, evening. 
 
 The Box closes for London, and all letters by the 
 night mails at half past nine in the evenings 
 DEPARTURE OF THE POST. 
 
 London, quarter to eleven, night. 
 
 Portsmouth, half past one, morning. 
 
 Bristol, quarter past twelve, night. 
 
 Falmouth, quarter past three, morning. 
 
 Christchnrch, half past three, afternoon. 
 
 Devizes, half past three, afternoon. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 CLAPPERTON, PRINTER, SALISBURY. 
 

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