: thousand ! Depart- _^lAc Donalds SKELETON MINING REPORT By BERNARD MACDONALD, BUTTE, MONTANA. Dear Sir. — As a result of my examination of the / am enabled to make the following report which I believe to be correct in every substantial particular. The pages bearing my own signature are filled with information known to me; the pages bearing other signatures are filled by representations made to me by these parties. Respectfully yours, REPORT GROUP OF Mines (Name of town and State.) BY (Name and address of writer.) Page C PAGE Names of Claims and Area of Group, i Suggestions and Memoranda for page 3, 2 Plan Map of Group, 3 Memoranda re Titles Titles 5 Suggestions re Geographical Location, 6 Geography 7 Suggestions re History of Group, 8 History of Group, 9 Suggestions and Memoranda re Accessibility 10 Accessibility, . . . ■ • • • n General Characteristics of Veins 13-15 Suggestions and Notes re Geological Description, ... 16 Geology of Group, 17 Suggestions and Notes re Description of Developments, 18 Developments, 19 Table of Board Measurement, 20 Mining Facilities 21 Mining Facilities, Water Memoranda and Notes, . . 22,23 Mining Facilities, Water Measurement and Notes, . . 24 Mining Facilities, Water — Domestic and Mechanical Purposes, 25 Page D PAGE Mining Facilities, Suggestions and Notes re Supplies, . 26 Mining Facilities, Supplies — Mining and Domestic, . . 27 Mining Facilities, Labor — Suggestions and Notes on, . 28 Wages, 29 Ore in Sight — Suggestions and Notes on, 30 Ore in Sight — Tonnage, 31 Weights of Rocks, Earth, Sand, Lumber 32 Longitudinal Section, showing Development, .... 33 Assay Blanks, with Suggestions for Sampling, . . 34-37 Longitudinal Sections 38-40 Shipments and Proceeds, 41 Reduction Plant — Notes, 42,43 Estimate of Profit — Suggestive Hints, . . . .44,45 Price and Terms of Sale — Suggestive Hints, . . 46,47 General Description of Adjoining Properties, . . . 48-50 Traveling and Other Expenses, 51 Enclosures — Suggestive Hints 52,53 Calendar — Memoranda, ... 54 Directions to Reach Property and Time Necessary, . . 55 Recommendations and Suggestive Hints 56-59 Legal Forms and Useful Data, 60-70 The Group of Mines, NAMES OF CLAIMS AND AREA OF GROUP. This property consists of the following named lode claims^ viz.: .aggregatmg an area of about. Appurtenant to the group are mill-sites. and. placer claims. making a total area of.. .acres. acres, acres, acres. SUGGESTIOlSrS-Page 3. A plan of the claims of this group should be laid down on the blank plat on page 3, naming the scale or square of such size as will allow of the entire group to be represented on the plat. ■ Natural objects, as rivers, mountain peaks, creeks, dams, buildings, mills, towns, should also be carefully and correctly marked on the plat. The name of the group and the scale given to each square should be set down in the blank spaces therefor. If the claims are patented, their lot number should be given, and if only surveyed, so marked. The north should be indicated by an arrow. If sufficiently developed, the course of the vein or veins should be dotted over the claims. MEMORANDA. The boundaries of a lode claim properly located should be substantially a parallelogram, and, therefore, its length multiplied by its average width will give its area. An acre contains 43>S6° square feet; a section or square mile contains 640 square acres; one acre is inclosed by 220x198 feet; a rod is i6| feet in length; a mile is 5,280 feet in length. Adjoining claims should be laid down on the plan, page 3, and their general condition described on page 48. Page 8 MEMOBANDA. Good title to the claims does not always convey good title to the veins that may be developed within their lines drawn perpendicularly downwards. Care should be taken to ascertain, if developments will permit, whether the vein developed in the claim outcrops within its side lines and passes through its end lines, as these are necessary requirements to insure extra lateral rights on downward extension of lode veins. A millsite can not he located on mineral land, and is not patentable if any mineral-bearing veins are known to exist within its boundaries. The same is true of placer claims. But, if these claims are located and patented according to law in good faith, and mineral veins be afterwards found within their lines, the owner’s title to all this mineral is good. It is important to study the laws of the States and districts relative to the location of mineral lands, as these sometimes materially affect the title. Where the property is of sufficient importance to warrant the expense, an official abstract of title to the properties should be procured and made part of the report. Page 4 TITLES. Of the lode claims of this group the title to. to-wit: The is vested in the owners by while title to the remaining claims is held by location, possession, and compliance with the laws of with dispute. There is lien or incumbrance against the property This page is filled oi iformatlon from. id the owner gt rantees the titles as abc t forth. Page 6 SUGGESTIONS -Page 7. It is very important to fill out this page correctly, that the exact location of the property may be found on any good map of the Province in which it is situated. Copies of maps of the district should if possible, be procured to accompany the report. If a map cf the surveyed claims of the district can be procured, the group reported on should be shaded, so as to easily arrest the eye. The name of the range of mountains, foothills, or spurs of ranges on which the mines are situated should be given on the bottom line of page 7. Pace 6 GEOGRAPHY. This group of claims is situated in Mining District. organized, County, and distant in a direction miles from the nearest railroad station. The county seat ( ) is distant miles in a direction, and is reached by over Page t SUGGESTIOJfS FOB FILLING PAGE 9. The names of the first discoveries of the district, the first claims located, the principal events and mining operations that have occurred in the district till the present writing, will be interesting and valuable, and should be given under this heading. Such information can generally be had, with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of this report, from the pioneers, or “oldest inhabitants,” of the district. When desirable, all recorded transactions can be obtained from the county records. The first mining failures in a district generally give it a “black eye,” but should not condemn it, and if frankly admitted and explained would probably lead to an early investigation, and probably a solution of the causes. Mining propositions that have hitherto baffled successful solution may become profitable ventures under the supervision of up-to-date mining engineers and metallurgists, and a business management. Page 8 HISTORICAL. The in i8 by. Mining District was first discovered Page 9 SUGGESTION'S FOK PAGE 11 . It frequently happens in the early stages of mining camps that they are reached over trail, or partly by trail and wagon road, from the nearest railroad station. In such cases the lengths of each should be given, together with estimate of the cost of building new wagon roads, trails, or the improvement of existing ones. The altitude of camps may be obtained from visiting civil or mining engineers, who generally carry aneroids among their outfits. The depth of snow fall, and length of suspended traffic on this account, should be noted. MEMORANDA. “Where ground consists of earth and loose rock a side'hill wagon road with 9-foot roadbed, 7 feet of which is solid and 2 feet made ground, and having to cut from 4 to 6 feet on upper side, can be built in the rocky mountain regions for from $1.50 to $2,00 per rod, using sidehill plows, scrapers, and picks and shovels. In slide rock, if the roadbed is not to be covered with earth or gravel, it can be built for $1.00 per rod, but such road is not fit for wagon traffic until covered with earth or gravel, the cost of which will depend on local circumstances. :page 10 ACCESSIBILITY. From Station on the Railroad, this property is reached over miles of. wagon road and. miles in length — a total length of. miles from the railroad. The elevation of the mine....is feet higher than the railroad station, and. .feet above sea level. Page 11 SUGGESTIONS -Page 13. The more extensively developed vein of the gfroup should be described on this page by filling out the blank spaces with the information called for. If others than one vein of the group are developed, and show marked difference in characteristics, pages similar to 13 should be interpolated immediately following it. Pages 14 and 15 are left blank to be filled with such peculiar characteristics as may appear worthy of notice — V\rhether the vein is wet or dry, carries waste rock or horses, cuts off, faults, flattens, straightens, and the effect such features have on the grade of the ore. Page 18 GENERAL, CHARACTERISTICS OF VEIN...., The vein. ...ha the following characteristics: Strike Dip degrees to the Width, varying from Outcrop - Hanging wall. Foot wall. Vein filling consists of. Oxidized ore extends down about. traceable for a distance of... ..feet; ..feet; ..feet. Page 13 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEIN.. . - Continued. Page 14 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEIN.... — Continued. SUGGESTIONS -Page 17. The names of the rocks inclosing the vein on foot and hanging wall sides are to be given here, and the class and character of the dikes, if any, occurring in the neighborhood of the veins should also be filled in. The character of the country rock suxTOunding the immediate vicinity of the mines should also be given, and the names of the creeks draining the hills or mountains on which the mines occur, and the river into which they empty. NOTE. Mine owners should make a thorough study of the formation inclosing the veins, and the dike system (if there be one) occurring in their neighborhood. For the time necessary to spend for this work, nothing pays better. A thorough understanding of the geology of the country inclosing the veins frequently gives its possessor the key to the location of the bonanza ore bodies of the group. Page 16 GEOLOGY 1 The country rock on the hanging watt of the vein. ...is... / on the foot watt side / dikes of ...occur The country surrounding the immediate vicinity of the mines is composed of .. and is drained by Page 17 SUGGESTIONS -Page 19. The number and dimensions of the shafts, drifts, raises, winzes, and open cuts by which the veins of each claim are developed should be given under this heading, and as many duplicate pages as may be necessary to fully enumerate all the developments on the group should be interpolated after this page. NOTE. It is very important that all development work should be accurately measured and located with reference to the boundaries of the claim and position of the vein, and this should appear on the maps forwarded with report. It should be definitely ascertained how many feet of the total developments has been made on, along, or in the veins, and the amounts stated in the report. If any of the developments called for on page 19 do not exist that portion not existing may be scratched out. Page 18 DEVELOPMENTS. On the. of developments, consisting of Making a total of ..Claim there are a total of.. .lineal feet feet of shaft; size... '''■ tunnels; “ winze; “ raises; “ open cut; “ drift; “ cross cut; ...feet. Value about $ Page 19 TABLE * Showing the number of feet (board measure) contained in a piece of joist, scantling, or timber, of the sizes given below. LENGTH IN FEET SHOWN IN TOP LINE OF TABLE. (MacDonald’S Skeleton Mining Report.) Page 30 omitted. MINING FACILITIES. Fuel — For this there is a supply of. timber. Cordwood costs $ .per cord, delivered at the mine. Coal costs $ per ton delivered at Charcoal costs $ .per bushel at the mine. Mining timber and Lumber — Timber for stull and tunnel sets ranging from to inches in diameter can be delivered at the mine at a cost of from c. to c. per running foot. Lagging poles cost. c. per i^feet lengths. Lumber at a cost of $ .per thousand at. Page 31 MEMORANDA. The character, quality, and quantity of water available for steam and domestic purposes, together with the distance from the mine, should be given. If there be any water available for power purposes within five miles of the mine, its flow in cubic feet, and fall obtainable at a good mill site, length of ditch necessary, and cost of constructing same per rod should be given. NOTES. As an accurate test of water flowing in any large mountain stream involves considerable time and expense, the following rules for calculating the amount of water flowing in an open stream will be sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this report. The height of head can be approximately found by the use of the aneroid . Page 38 WATER (HsO). Freezes 32° Fahr.; boils 212° Fahr.; max. density 39.1° Fahr. is the standard for specific gravity; i cubic centimeter=i gram; i U. S. gallon=23i cubic inches, or 8.3311 lbs., or 8.34 lbs. for ordinary practice; I cubic foot=62.4i lbs. @ freezing; 62.355 @ 60°, which is standard temperature; i cubic foot= 7.485 U. S. gallons; i column i inch square=i lb. if 2.35' high; i column i inch square i foot high = .433 lbs. Amount of water required for a gold stamp mill will vary from 5 tons to 15 tons (according to the character of the ore, kind of mortars and concentration used) per ton of ore crushed. This does not include that required for boiler, which is about gallons per horse power per hour. A miners’ inch = about cubic feet = about 11.22 gallons. MEASUREMENT IN AN OPEN STREAM BY VELOCITY AND CROSS SECTION. Measure the depth of the water at from six to twelve points across the stream at equal distances between. Add all the depths in feet together and divide by the number of m*easurements made. This will be the average depth of the stream, which, multiplied by its width, will give its area or cross section. Multiply this by the velocity of the stream in feet per minute and you will have the cubic feet per minute of the stream. The velocity of the stream can be found by laying off loo feet on the bank and throwing a float into it at the middle, noting the time passing over the loo feet. Do this a number of times and take the average. Then dividing this distance by the time gives the velocity in feet per minute at the surface. As the top of the stream flows faster than the bottom or sides — the difference being about eight feet per cent. — it is better to measure a distance of 120 feet for float and reckon it as 100. The flow of water in any stream should be measured in low water season. A water ditch 3 feet deep and 4 feet wide can be dug by laborers with pick and shovel at a cost of about $1.50 per rod in earth and loose rock, wages $2.50 per day. With plows or ditching machines the cost would be less. Page 34 MIXING FACILITIES - Continued - WATER. FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES, there is water within feet of the mine FOR STEAM PURPOSES, there is water within feet of the mine FOR POWER PURPOSES, there is a flow of. cubic feet, for which a fall of -feet can be had at a suitable site for a plant by talcing it through a ditch feet in length. Such a ditch could be b^tilt for $ .per rod. Page 36 SUGGEST IONS -Page 27. The nearest large distributing camp, are to be filled in this page, neighborhood of the mine, and the The information called for on company, and should therefore be supply town, and the railroad and wagon freight from it to the mining Also, whether farm produce is raised in abundance or otherwise in the cost of the various articles of food for man and animals mentioned. NOTE. page 27 is sometimes an important factor in the operation of a mining given with some care, and with as much accuracy as possible. Page 36 MINING FACILITIES - Continued. Supplies — Hardware, etc., can be had freight of. c. fer found added. Farm produce flour costs from.... Potatoes cost from - - ....c. to .. .c. to ...c. per lb. ...c. per lb. Beef costs from - - - .... ....c. to ...c. per lb. Ranch butter costs from.... ....c. to ...c. per lb. General groceries cost a trifle over -prices, with Creamery butter costs c. per lb. Canned fruit costs $ .per case. Oats cost - - . . pQy jQQ it)s. Hay costs - - - . per ton. .prices. Pag© 87 SUGGESTIONS -Page 29. The daily wages for the different classes of labor and the contract prices of the different classes of mining work, mentioned on this page, are to be given. NOTE. The cost of labor is one of the largest factors entering into the calculations of profit or loss of a mining enterprise, and should be set down fully and correctly. In surface developments the rock is generally softer than when greater depths are obtained, and ade- quate allowance should be made therefor in estimating cost of deeper developments. Page 28 MINING FACILITIES - Continued - LABOR. Miners’ daily wages, - - - - $ Carpenters’ daily wages, - - Carmen’s daily wages, ■ - - Blacksmiths’ daily wages, - - Teamsters monthly wages, - Common top labor, daily wages, . Four-horse teams with teamster, daily wages, - - $ CONTRACT WORK: Cross-cut tunnels, p2x6\feet in the clear, can be run by contract for - $ p Drifts on veins, f2^<^b\feet in the clear, can be run by contract for - Raises on vein, f2x6\ feet in the clear, can be run by contract for - Incline shaft on vein, 5x7 feet in the clear, can be sunk for - - - - Page 29 SUGGESTIONS — Page 31. In calculating the tonnage and value of ore “in sight” in a mine, the most conservative practice demands that three sides of the ore body be exposed by the developments, but this in all cases is not necessary. If the vein is regular, an ore chute cut by several levels may be considered sufl&ciently developed to admit of close calculation as to its tonnage and value of the ore above lowest level. Two sides of an ore body may be considered sufficient for this calculation, allowing a one-third discount when the developments of a mine are limited and the ore chutes are not known to be regular. It should be stated plainly by what developments and their dimensions the ore is placed in sight. NOTES. The average length, breadth, and thickness of an ore body in feet, multiplied by each other, will give its cubic contents in feet. These divided by lo to 12 if the ore be sulphide, and from 13 to 18 if the ore be oxidized, with 7^ to io<^ off for moisture, will give the tonnage approximately. 22 to 24 cubic feet of oxidized ore in dumps make one ton ; about 15 to 18 of sulphide. See page 32 for weights of various rocks in place and broken. Page 30 ORE TONNAGE IN SIGHT AND VALUE THEREOF. In the Claim there are about. ...tons of ore in sight, having an average value of about $ .per ton. The ore is exposed by the. {See page 33.) WEIGHTS OF ROCK. NAMES OF ROCK. AVERAGE WEIGHT OF CUBIC FOOT. Granite and porphyry . . 170 pounds in place ... 97 pounds broken. Gneiss .... 168 ... 96 Greenstone and trap . 187 . . .107 Limestone . . . . 168 ... 96 Slate .... 175 - - - 95 Quartz .... 165 - - . 94 Sandstone .... 151 ... 86 WEIGHT OF PIUE, LUMBER. Pine, 1,000 feet board measure, perfectly dry, weighs 1,860 pounds. Green timbers usually weigh from one-fifth to nearly one-half more than dry; and ordinary building timbers, when tolerably seasoned, about one-sixth more than perfectly dry. WEIGHT OF EARTH. 18 cubic feet of earth in bank=i ton; 27 cubic feet of earth dry and loose=i ton; 17 cubic feet of clay=:i ton ; 25 cubic feet of sand=i ton. Page 33 p . 1 tONGITUDINAIi SECTION Showing Developments on Vein One square = feet. 1 * , rr □ V n [_ r j p L t Q n n _j n F n n n tzi n - 1 F _j J _J J zj _J Zj \ f zj I ~ “ u te n A tZi . M _J 57l T* iS’ M El ',f- fj 't <• ; J Hi /■; fl 2 3 bi ~ V k B i - " ~ ig 0. re _J i V L:- ~ lJ iic V £ F E 3 J S y t h W: r ifi w g T u S 8^ S L m tv J P mSm M mw H B • : J li i 1 p 'C^ L 1 i I B in ! a" ... 1 [ iT 1 !T1£C:-5" I 1 7" i SUGGESTIONS -Page 35. The description of samples assayed should clearly express the character of the ore, the width of the streak or vein, and the locality from which it was taken. The name of the party by whom the samples were taken, and that of the assay er, are to be given. NOTE. While, in order to learn the characteristics and the grade of the various classes of ore in a mine, it is necessary to take a number of specimen or characteristic samples, yet such samples do not furnish the proper data on which to estimate the average value of the ore. Cold average samples of the various streaks in the vein, if it is wide and carries different grades of ore, should be taken, and these should be checked by average samples of the entire vein. Samples of the country rock adjoining the vein should be taken. Frequently considerable portions of the country rock are profitably mineralized. ASSAYS. Samples taken by assayed by as follows: Nos. DESCRIPTION. GOLD. Value Per Ton SILVER. Oz. PER Ton. / 3 4 5 6 7 $ Page 35 ASSAYS — Continued. Nos. DESCRIPTION. GOLD. Value Per Ton. SILVER. Oz. Per Ton. a b c d e f g h i J h $ Page 36 ASSAYS — Continued. Nos. DESCRIPTION. GOLD. Value Per Ton. SILVER. Oz. Per Ton. 8 $ 9 10 II 12 13 14 Gold calculated at $20.00 per oz. Silver calculated at per oz. General average, $ per ton. Page 37 SUGGESTIONS re LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND SHIPBIENTS. A longitudinal section of the vein, showing the developments thereon and the area of the stoped-out portions, should be drawn accurately on page 39. These blank section pages may be used for a plan map of the mine and mill buildings, or any other feature that may be necessary to illustrate the descrip- tion of any section of the report. The tonnage shipped or treated, plus the low-grade ore, if any, remaining on the dump, will be the total yield of so much of the vein as is stoped out. This will furnish a key, or a check at least, on the amount of ore in the vein. SHIPMENTS. Page 41 should be filled from smelter statements, and the cost of mining and transporting conservatively estimated. Page 38 LONGITUDINAL, SECTION Showing Stoped Portions of Vein One square = feet. - )» 31 LONGIXUDINAt SECTION Showing- feet. SHIPMENTS AND PROCEEDS. -tons of first-class ore shipped t which netted $ There have been. Also tons of second-class ore to the which netted $ per ton. Average net returns. $. Estimated cost of mining this ore, - $ per ton Cost of wagon transportation, - - per ton. Cost of railroad transportation, - - per ton. Total expense, p Profit per ton, $. NOTE. When the ores below water level are sufficiently developed they should be sampled by a series of practical milling tests in various reduction works to ascertain the methods best adapted for their reduction. When the proper method and capacity of plant has been decided upon, proposals for the erection of such a plant should be asked of the various manufacturers. Their offers, the character and capacity of the plant should be inserted in page 43. If the mine is not sufficiently developed for such an estimate, the writer can make forecast of the probable best method of reduction. Page 42. REDUCTION PLANT. The ores of this property are suitable for reduction by the process A reduction plant of this character, of. tons daily capacity, will cost, erected and ready to run, $ Estimate by Page 43 SUGGESTIVE HINTS— Page 46. With the understanding that the reduction plant described on page 43 is erected and in operation, the blank estimates on this page are to be filled out. NOTE. Liberal estimates should be made of all items of expense, as these for the first year or two generally run higher than in plants longer established. A completed plant generally costs about one-third more than even conservative estimates. The reasons for this are various and may be set down as “unforseen causes,” developing as the work of erection progresses. Page 44 ESTIMATE OF PROFIT WITH PLANT RECOMMENDED ON PAGE 43. tons per day of assay value of $ .per ton, - - $. Loss in treatment, per cent, $ Cost of mining. tons, at $ per ton, - Cost of transportation, tons, at $ per ton, Cost of reduction, tons, at $ per ton, All other items of expense, say, $ per ton, - - Total cost, p p Net profit per day, Net profit per month, of 28 days, $. Page 45 SUGGESTIONS -Page 47. The spaces left blank on this page will suggest the manner of filling it out. But inasmuch as it would' be impossible to frame a blank that would be suitable to all conditions under which the owners might be willing to part with their property, it is suggested that conditions acceptable to them be written on a separate sheet of suitable size, and interpolated here by mucilaging it on to this page. NOTE. Parties owning or controlling unproductive mining property should be prepared to bond it on reason- able terms or give interests in it to parties who will undertake its systematic development. This nearly always insures its ultimate purchase. SUGGESTIONS — Pages 48-49-50. A general description of the character of adjoining properties stating amount of developments, grade, and extent of ore bodies, in short, a brief, general report on them is of material advantage to the presen- tation of the economic features of the property under consideration. Pages 48-49-50 are blank for this purpose. Page 46 PRICE AND TERMS OF SALE. The parties... payable in installments of $ each. First, or, they will lease and bond it for years under the following conditions : Page 47 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTIES. Page 48 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTIES - Continued. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTIES — Continued. Page 60 TRAVELING AND OTHER EXPENSES NECESSARY IN MAKING EXAMINATION. i8g Page 51 SUGGESTIVE HINTS.~For Enclosing Data. Under this heading should be given a list and description of the maps, assay certificates, reports, and letters, with names of writers; newspaper clippings and photographs of the mine in question, which are sent with report. These go to make up the evidence necessary for a full investigation of the merits of the proposition. Page B2 ENCLOSURES. Herewith please find enclosed : Maps Assays Report. ...by Letter. ...by Newspaper clippings from Photographs Page 63. CALENDAR FOR 1897. Page 64. MEMORANDA; DIRECTIONS AND TIME NECESSARY TO REACH THE PROPERTY. DATE. TIME. DIREOTION. M. Leave ....via, M. Arrive — M. Leave via M. Arrive .. . M. From this, the nearest railroad station, the distance to the mines ( miles) is made by. Total time required for this trip. Page 5{ SUGGESTIVE HINTS -Pages 57, 58, 59. The writer of the report is expected to fill out these pages with his own words and ideas, making such recommendations as his examination will suggest to be the proper mode of procedure in dealing with the property. The owners should be willing to give a working bond with deed in escrow to parties who would undertake a certain stipulated amount of work upon it, this work being such as would be calculated to prove the ore body in depth, or extend developments in some direction most likely to demonstrate the merits of the property. It is unreasonable for owners of undeveloped mines to ask for cash payment for granting a working bond, if the party bonding agree to prosecute a reasonable amount of development. Page 66 RECOMMENDATIONS. RECOMMENDATIONS — Continued. Page 58 RECOMMENDATIONS — Continued. Respectfully submitted, MINING DEED. This indenture, made the day of , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty , between , of the county of , and of , party of the first, and , of the county of . and of , party of the second part; Witnesseth, That the said party of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, lauUul money of the Dominion of Canada to him in hand paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, hath granted, bargained, sold, remised, released, and forever quit-claimed, and by these presents does grant, bargain, sell, remise, release, and forever quit-claim, unto the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, the lode, as located, surveyed, recorded, and held by said party of the first part, situated in mining district, county, , together with all the dips, spurs, and angles, and also all the metals, ores, gold and silver bearing quartz, rock and earth therein, and all the rights, privileges, and franchises thereto incident, appendant, and appurtenant, or therewith usually had and enjoyed; and also, all and singular the tenements, hereditaments, and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in any wise appertaining, and the rents, issues, and profits thereof; and also, all the estate, right, title, interest, property, possession, claim and demand whatsoever, as well in law as in equity, of the said party of the first part, of, in or to the said premises, and every part and parcel thereof, with the appurtenances. To have and to hold, all and singular, the said premises, together with the appurtenances and privileges thereto incident, unto the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns forever. In witness whereof, the said party of the f rst part has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first above written. [seal.] Page 60 MINING LEASE.' situated in appurtenances 'Jay of , in the year of oar Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty between — les»r and lessee or tenant That the said lessor, for and in consideration of the rents, royalties cove- let a^“b ‘Sreentents hereinafter re«rved, and by the said lessee to be paid, kept, and performed granted, demised, and let, and by these presents to grant, demise, and let unto the said lessee, all the following described mine and mining pmperty s,„„tod ,„ ™n„g drstrict county of of , to wit: (Here description of property., Together with th^ , to have and to hold unto the said lessee or tenant for the term of from the date hereof, expirinc- at oon on the day of , A. D. 188-. unless sooner forfeited or determined through the violation of any covenant herein- after against the said tenant reserved. And in consideration of the said demise the said lessee does covenant and agree with said lessor as follows to wif as t necessary to good and economical mining so as a° I w and preservation of the said premises as a worKaoie mine. (Here insert special covenants for dead work, etc.) * From Morrison’s Mining Rights in Colorado. than one year^^t shouW be\^n° 4 ritSg^and^re^^ particularly stated in the instrument. If for more Page 61 ESCROW AGREEMENT. The inclosed deed of the lode is hereby placed in the Bank of , in escrow. If A. B. shall place, or cause ta be placed, to the credit of C. D. and E. F., in said Bank of , on or before , i88 — , the full sum of dollars, then and in that case the said bank is hereby authorized to deliver the inclosed deed to A. B. or his order. In case the said A. B. shall not place, or cause to be placed, to the credit of said C. D. and E. F., in said bank, the full sum of dollars, on or before , i88 — , then the said bank is hereby authorized to deliver the inclosed deed to the said C. D. and E. F., or their joint order. (Signed) C. D. i88— , (Place and date). A. B. Note. — When the option for the purchase of a mine is desired by a third party, it is the safest and best plan for the mine owner to put a deed in escrow. It saves encumbering of the record, and any questions that might arise concerning the payment of money. The deed should be a warranty, quit-claim, or mining deed, as agreed, fully executed and acknowledged, ready for delivery, put in a sealed envelope, and placed in some bank, or left with some responsible person, with an agreement written upon, the envelope as above. Page 68 DATA FOR FLUMES AND DITCHES. To give a general idea as to the capacity of flumes and ditches for carrying water, the following data is submitted: The greatest safe velocity for a wooden flume is about 7 or 8 feet per second. For an earth ditch this should not exceed about 2 feet per second. In California it is the general practice to lay a flume on a grade of about % inch to the rod, or often 2 inches to the 100 feet, depending on the existing conditions. Assuming a rectangular flume 3 feet wide, running 18 inches deep, its velocity and capacity would be as shown below: GRADE. VEL. IN FT. PER SEC. QUANTITY CU. FT. MIN. yi inch to rod. 2.6 702 yi “ “ “ 3-7 999 “ “ “ 5-3 1,431 As the velocity of a flume or ditch is dependent largely on its size and character of formation, no more specific data than the above can be given. It is not safe to run either ditch or flume more than about three-fourths or seven-eighths full. Page 63 ELECTRIC AND PNEUMATIC TRANSMISSION. In a paper read before the Association of Engineers, of Wurtemberg, Germany, some interesting figures are given in regard to the cost of the equipment and operation of a plant of 2 1 7 horse powei , installed by the Esslinger-Cannstatt Works. The transmission in this case covered a distance of 5)4 kilometers equal to 3.4 miles — both by compressed air and by electricity. The cost of the compressed air equipment, including dam for the waterfall wheels, compressor, air motors, etc., is given as $37, 5°°; the efficiency, 46 per cent. The cost of the electric equipment, including dam, water power, etc., as in the previous case, $27,500, efficiency, 69 per cent, including a loss of 15 per cent in the wiring. The cost of operation was practically the same in both cases, though only 100 horse power was actually available with the compressed air, while 150 horse power was delivered by the electric system, thus making the cost per horse power delivered in the former case $37.50, and in the latter, $18.85. The charges for depreciation were somewhat less for electricity than for compressed air, which still further favored the economy of the former. Note.— The percentage of efficiency shown in either of the above examples is much below what is guar- anteed by American manufacturers under similar conditions, though the relative advantages of the systems may be the same. COMMON MEASURES AND WEIGHTS, WITH THEIR METRIC EQUIVALENTS. The following are some of the measures in common use, with their equivalents in measures of the metric system; Common Measures. Equivalents. Common Measures. Equivalents. Common Measures. EqUIV.? LENTS. An inch A foot ....... A yard A rod A mile A square inch . . . A square foot . . . A square yard . . . A square rod .... 2.54 centimeters. .3048 meter. 5.029 meters. 1.6093 kilometers. 6.452 sq. centimeters .0929 sq. meter. .8361 sq. meter. 25.29 sq. meters. An acre A square mile . . A cubic inch. . . A cubic foot . . . A cubic yard . . A cord A liquid quart. . A gallon .... A dry quart ... .4047 hectare. 259 hectares. 16.39 cu. centimeters .02832 cu. meter. .7646 cu. meter. 3.624 steres. .9465 liter. 3.786 liters, i.ioi liters. A peck ...... A bushel An ounce avoird. . A pound avoird. . . A ton ....... A grain Troy . . . An ounce Troy . . A pound Troy. . . 8.81 1 liters. 35.24 liters. 28.35 grams. .4536 kilogram. .9072 tonneau. .0648 gram. 31.104 grams. .3732 kilogram. The money system of France is connected with that of metric weights by an authorized coin of silver (the standard being g parts silver and i of alloy) representing the unit, called the Franc, and weighing 5 grams. The other coins are multiples and sub- multiples of the franc. The ratio of value of gold and silver is fixed by law at 15 >4 to i. The 20-franc gold piece, therefore, weighs 5 grams, divided by 15^^=6.4516 grams of standard gold. Page 66 SPECIFICATIONS OF STANDAKO BOIEEKS. i’age 66 POWER REQUIRED FOR A lO-STAMP DRY-CRUSHING SIEVER MIUU. 1 “ Blake ” rock-breaker, No. 2 . . . = 6 horse power 2 Ore-feeders = o horse power lo Stamps, 750 lbs., go drops . . . . = 12 horse power 1 “ Howell White” furnace, 40 inches . = 4 horse power 4 Amalgamating pans, 5 feet diameter, = 8 horse power 2 Settlers, 8 feet diameter = 6 horse power Friction = 9 horse power Total =45 horse power POWER REQUIRED FOR A 10-STAMP WET-CRUSHING SIEVER MIUE. 1 “ Blake ” rock-breaker. No. 2 . . . = 6 horse power 2 Ore-feeders ......_.. = o horse power 10 Stamps, 750 lbs., go drops . . . . =12 horse power 6 Grinding pans, 5 feet diameter _ . = 30 horse power 3 Settlers, 8 feet diameter = 9 horse power Friction ........... = 7 horse power Total 64 horse power The above power is capable of working 18 to 20 tons of ore per day of twenty-four hours. The tendency in more modern stamp mills is to increase weight of stamp and number of drops increasing the capacity of the mills and the H. P. required proportion. Page 67 POWtell POB A 20-STAMP WET-CRPSHING SIEVER MIRE. I “ Blake” rock-breaker, No. 2 . . . = 6 horse powet 4 Ore-feeders =o horse power 20 Stamps, 750 lbs., go drops . . . . = 23 horse power 12 Grinding pans, 5 feet diameter . . . = 60 horse power 6 Settlers, 8 feet diameter . . . . . =18 horse power' Friction ..=13 horse power Total . . . - . . . =120 horse power The above power is capable of working 40 tons of ore per day of twenty-four hours. POWER REQEIBEB EOB A 20 -StAmP WET-CRUSHING GOEB MIEE. i “ Blake ” rock-breaker. No. 2 . . . = 6 horse powef 4 Ore-feeders ......... = o horse power 20 Stamps, 750 lbs., 90 drops . . . . = 23 horse power 8 Frue Vanner concentrators . , , . = 4 horse power I Grinding pan, 8 feet diameter . . . = 3 horse power I Settler =3 horse power Friction = 7 horse power Total .......= 46 horse power The above power is capable of working 35 to 40 tons of ore per day of twenty-four hours. Page 68 POWER REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT PARTS Each 850-pound stamp, dropping’ 95 times per minute, requires 1.33 horse power. Each 750-pound stamp, dropping 95 times per minute, requires 1.18 horsepower. Each 650-pound stamp, dropping 95 times per minute, requires i horse power. Each 10 X 16-inch Blake rock breaker requires 15 horse power. Each 8 X 12-inch Blake rock breaker requires 8 horse power. Each Triumph concentrator, 220 revolutions per minute, requires % horse power. Each 48-inch clean-up pan, making 30 revolu- tions per minute, requires 1.5 horse power. Each amalgam barrel, making 30 revolutions per minute, requires 2.5 horse power. The above estimates include the friction of the p machinery, for which an additional allowance should 1 OF GOLD AND SILVER MILLS. Each batea, at usual speed, requires 1 horse power. Each 5 -foot combination pan, making 65 revolu- tions per minute, requires 5 to 10 horse power. Each 4-foot combination pan, making 65 revolu- tions per minute, requires 3 to 6 horse power. Each 8-foot settler, making 14 revolutions per minute, requires 2.5 horse power. Each 8-foot agitator, making 16 revolutions per minute, requires 3 horse power. Each revolving dryer requires 3 horse power. Each Howell-White roasting furnace requires 4 to 6 horse power. Each Bruckner furnace, 8x18 feet, requires 5 to 8 horse power. Each set high-speed crushing rolls requires to to 50 horse power. arts named, but not that of the power transmitting )e made. Page 69 HORSE POWER FOR HOISTING. The table gives the horse power required for hoisting various loads has been made for friction. Weight of Ore, Car, Cage, and Rope 25 50 SPEED — FEET PER MINUTE. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1000 % iX 3X sX 7X 9 II . 13 .14X iGX‘ 18 1200, I . 2X 4X 6X 8X II 13 15 17X 19X 22 1500 2X sX 8X II 14 16X 17 .22 24X 27X- 1800 3X 6X 9X 13 16X 19X 22 X 26 29X 32X 2000 iK 3X 7X II 14X 18 22 26 29 32X 36. 2200 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 2500 2X 4X 9 13X 18 22X 27 3IX 36 40X 45 2800 2X 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3000 2^ sX iiX 17X 23 28X 34X 40X 46 51X 57X 3200 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 3500, 3X 6X I2X 18X 25 31X 37X 43X 50 56X 62 X 3800 3X 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 4000 3X 7X I4X 21X 29 36X 43X 50X 58 65X 72 X at the speeds shown. An allowance of 20 per cent INCLINED PLANE. Rule. — Multiply the combined weights of ore, car, and rope by the depth and divide by the length of the incline. The result will be an equivalent weight raised vertically. For horse power see the table . for hoisting; Example. — What horse power is neces- sary to hoist 4,000 pounds, at the rate of 300 feet per minute, up an incline 2,000 long and 250 feet deep. 4000 X 250 = 500 lbs. In the hoisting table it will be found : that to hoist 1,000 pounds 300 feet per minute requires ii horse power, there- fore 500 pounds will require borse ’ power. Page 70