JG MANUAL 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 
 
 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 
 
 OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY 
 BY THE BOARD ON ENGINEER TROOPS 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 
 THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY 
 BY THE BOARD ON ENGINEER TROOPS 
 
 PART VIII 
 
 INTENSIVE TRAINING AND MOBILIZATION 
 FOR WAR 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 1917 
 
't-a, <x.T, 
 
 a, 
 
 o 
 
 • (A. 
 
 U^'JAe. 
 
 tJT,% 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PART VIII. 
 
 INTENSIVE TRAINING ON MOBILIZATION FOR WAR. 
 
 Chapter I.—INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Par. Page. 
 
 Purpose of Part VIII. 1 7 
 
 Situation at outbreak of war. 2 7 
 
 Object of intensive training. 3 9 
 
 Summary of courses: Course I, Course II, and Course III. 4 9 
 
 Chapter II.—ASSUMED CONDITIONS AND TRAINING GOAL. 
 
 Reason for assumptions.:. 5 10 
 
 The training schedule. 6 10 
 
 Types of Engineer organizations: 
 
 Source. 7 11 
 
 Difference between types. 8 11 
 
 Assumed status of Engineer organizations: 
 
 Personnel, new regiment. 9 12 
 
 Personnel, expanded regiment. 10 13 
 
 Equipment. 11 13 
 
 Location...-. 12 13 
 
 Time element. 13 14 
 
 The training goal: 
 
 Immediate. 14 14 
 
 Ultimate. 15 15 
 
 Attainment. 16 15 
 
 Chapter III.—COURSE I. 
 
 To whom applicable. 17 16 
 
 Organizing. 18 16 
 
 Individual training records. 18 17 
 
 Issuing equipment. 19 18 
 
 Housing..,.. 20 18 
 
 Feeding...'. 21 18 
 
 Routine. 22 19 
 
 Discipline. 23 19 
 
 Drill.. 24 20 
 
 Recruit instruction. 25 20 
 
 Chapter IV.— Section I--C0URSE II. 
 
 To whom adapted. 26 25 
 
 Status of regiment at beginning of course. 27 25 
 
 Scheme for organizing and scope of work: 
 
 General purpose. 28 26 
 
 General plan. 29 26 
 
 General rules. 30 27 
 
 Duties of officers of the regiment. 31 27 
 
 3 
 
4 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 
 Detailed organization of Course II: Par. Page. 
 
 Abbreviations. 32 29 
 
 Courses and schools. t .. 33 30 
 
 Remarks: 
 
 Time distribution. 34 34 
 
 Instructors required. 35 35 
 
 Daily routine: 
 
 Periods, formations, and calls. 36 35 
 
 Guard and fatigue. 37 36 
 
 Adaption of Course II to a 12 weeks’ training period: 
 
 First week. 38 38 
 
 Second week. » .. 39 39 
 
 Third week. 40 40 
 
 Fourth week. 41 41 
 
 Fifth week. 42 42 
 
 Sixth week. 43 43 
 
 Seventh week. 44 44 
 
 Eighth and ninth weeks. 45 46 
 
 Tenth week. 46 46 
 
 Eleventh and twelfth weeks. 47 46 
 
 Modifications of Course II: 
 
 For a mounted battalion. 48 46 
 
 For a detached pioneer company. 49 48 
 
 For a railroad regiment. 50 48 
 
 For officers’ training groups. 51 50 
 
 Section II.—INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCHOOLS. 
 
 A. Practical work of administration: 
 
 A-l, A-2, regimental and company. 52 52 
 
 A-3. 53 53 
 
 B. General service training: 
 
 B-l. Care of arms and accoutrements. 54 53 
 
 B-2. Physical drill. 55 54 
 
 B-3. Infantry drill.. 56 56 
 
 B-4-a. Interior guard duty... 57 57 
 
 B-4-b. Small arms practice. 58 58 
 
 B-4-c. Bayonet combat, and trench or close combat. 59 63 
 
 B-4-d. First aid, hygiene, and litter drill. 60 64 
 
 B-4-e. Tent pitching and individual cooking. 61 66 
 
 B-4-f. Company on service of security.,. 62 67 
 
 B-5. Applicatory problems and tests. 63 68 
 
 B-6. Ceremonies. 64 69 
 
 B-7. Mounted drill and care of animals for mounted sections. 65 70 
 
 C. General service training schools: 
 
 C—1. Mess sergeants’and cooks’. 66 71 
 
 C-2. First sergeants’and clerks’. 67 73 
 
 C-3. Supply sergeants’. 68 74 
 
 C-4. Stable sergeant’s and farriers’. 69 76 
 
 C-5. Packers’. 70 77 
 
 C-6. Buglers’ and orderlies’—Visual signaling. 71 78 
 
 C-7. Horseshoers’ and saddlers’. 72 79 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 5 
 
 D. General Engineer training schools. Par. Page. 
 
 General remarks on. 73 80 
 
 D-l. Riggers’. 74 81 
 
 D-2. Ponton. 75 82 
 
 D-3. Rowing. 76 83 
 
 D-4. Bridge carpentry. 77 84 
 
 D-5. Trench layout.J. 78 85 
 
 D-6. Revetment. 79 87 
 
 D-7. Cover and accessories. 80 88 
 
 D-8. Obstacle. 81 89 
 
 D-9. Miners’ and sappers’. 82 90 
 
 D-10. Demolition. 83 91 
 
 D-ll. Reconnaissance. 84 93 
 
 D-l2. Map reproduction. 85 94 
 
 E. General engineer training: General discussion. 86 98 
 
 F. Engineer specialists. 87 99 
 
 G. Practice marches. 88 99 
 
 H. Instructors’ school. 89 99 
 
 I. Officers’school. 90 99 
 
 J. Noncommissioned officers’ school. 91 100 
 
 K. Lectures. 92 100 
 
 Chapter V.—COURSE III. 
 
 Object of Course III. 93 101 
 
 The course of instruction. 94 101 
 
 Daily schedule of work. 95 102 
 
 Division of time. 96 103 
 
 , Typical daily program. 97 103 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2017 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 
 
 https://archive.org/details/engineertraining08unit 
 
PART VIII. 
 
 INTENSIVE TRAINING ON MOBILIZATION FOR WAR. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1. The purpose of Part VIII of this manual is to provide 
 a systematic course of intensive training for Engineer units 
 on mobilization for war. 
 
 2. ' The situation which must be faced is forcibly and con¬ 
 cisely described by Brig. Gen. John F. Morrison, United 
 Stated Army, in his work on “Training Infantry,” as follows: 
 
 TRAINING A NEW REGIMENT. 
 
 “ In this country we are liable to have the necessity forced 
 upon us of turning out troops in the shortest possible time. 
 We shall have to use troops not fully trained; we shall have 
 to employ them as soon as they can be used at all. Of 
 couise this system will be frightfully costly in blood and 
 money. In war imperfectly tiained troops must pay with 
 their lives tor all mistakes. The better tiained they are, the 
 fewer mistakes; the more skill they possess, the more cheaply 
 can any desired result be obtained. 
 
 “It is the duty of all officers who may be charged with 
 the responsibility of preparing this mass of untrained men 
 for war service to give the subject careful thought, to study 
 the question carefully, and to be prepared on short notice 
 to take charge of such work and produce the best results 
 possible in the shortest time. 
 
 “Success in this hurried training can only be assured if 
 the man in charge thoroughly appreciates his task and follows 
 out a well-prepared and systematic course. 
 
 7 
 
8 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 “ Under modern conditions there is a minimum amount 
 of training that is absolutely necessary before an organiza¬ 
 tion can be put in the field. The number of men lost to an 
 organization from disease depends on how well the men are 
 trained in caring for themselves and how well the officers do 
 their part. 
 
 “Time is the all-important element; we must have these 
 organizations in such shape that they can be used as quickly 
 as possible and be as nearly good as possible. Of course 
 they will constantly improve in the field and become ex¬ 
 cellent, but they will have to be used before that state is 
 reached. The occasion for organizing such regiments will 
 only arise in case of great national danger, when the utmost 
 can be demanded of all. Hours of work should then be all 
 that can be profitably employed. Most of the recruits will be 
 men accustomed to at least eight hours work a day. 
 
 “All that has been said previously as to variety in the 
 work, keeping up the men’s interest, explaining and giving 
 the reasons for things done, applies even more to a new vol¬ 
 unteer regiment than to our regular companies. Essentials 
 only must be taught at first, bearing in mind that discipline 
 is most essential and the use that can be made of close-order 
 drill in obtaining it. Those things that should be a habit 
 must be drilled carefully and frequently. Other essentials 
 may be hurried through for the first time, to give the men 
 the best general idea possible in the shortest time, and then 
 repeated and perfected as time and opportunity offer. 
 
 “As a rule our men will be intelligent and quick to learn. 
 Every little taught them, if they have understood the reason 
 for it, will help them to do what is required, even if their 
 instruction is not complete. With such volunteers much 
 instruction should be given, not as a drill, but as a sort of 
 lecture or talk. The average American works better when 
 he knows the why and the wherefore. Remember how 
 different are his new life and surroundings from what he is 
 accustomed to and how very little the average American 
 knows of an army and how much of that little is not so.” 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 9’ 
 
 3. Based on such conditions, the object of this course of 
 n sive training is twofold: First, to insure that each unit 
 receives in the shortest possible time the minimum training 
 necessary, in order that it may be used at all in the presence 
 of the enemy; second, to provide for the further training of 
 all units in such manner that their usefulness will increase 
 at the .most rapid rate practicable and that the higher com¬ 
 manders will know the degree of training attained. 
 
 SUMMARY OF COURSES. 
 
 4. It is intended to accomplish the intensive training of 
 troops on mobilization for war by means of three courses, 
 to be known as Course I (preliminary), Course II (prepara¬ 
 tory), and Course III (final). 
 
 Course I comprises the instruction and training necessary 
 to fit the command to continue its existence as an organized 
 body. It embodies the establishment of the camp or can¬ 
 tonment, the organization oi the command, the establish¬ 
 ment of a routine of duties and interior discipline, the equip¬ 
 ment of the command, the conduct of recruit and othei 
 incidental instruction, and any other training necessary to 
 fit the command to fake up either of the other two courses. 
 
 Course II comprises the instruction necessary to fit tne 
 command to be used in the presence of the enemy. It 
 includes general service training and Engineer training, and 
 under both of these heads covers: Training of instructors, 
 officers, and noncommissioned officers; individual general 
 training of enlisted men; collective training of the \arious 
 units; specialized training of individuals; practice and tests 
 bv applicatory methods through the solution of problems. 
 
 Course III covers all instruction and training in advance 
 of Courses I and II necessary for the attainment of the ulti¬ 
 mate training goal, viz, the creation of ideal Engineer units. 
 The included subjects are the same as those enumerated 
 above. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 ASSUMED CONDITIONS AND TRAINING GOAL. 
 
 5. As presented herein the course of training is based on 
 definite assumptions as to organization and general condi¬ 
 tions affecting training. It is not expected that these 
 conditions will ever obtain exactly or that the course can 
 be pursued exactly as prescribed, but it is believed that in 
 any specific case a comparison of the actual conditions with 
 those assumed herein will suggest the necessary or desirable 
 modifications in the courses given, or will suggest the steps 
 that should be taken to bring the command to the assumed 
 initial status. In such cases the commanding officer may 
 prepare his own training schedules, utilizing those given 
 herein as he may see fit, particularly as a guide with a view 
 to avoiding omissions. After the commanding officer has 
 fixed the time to be de voted to each part of the course, it 
 can then be determined how many of the steps given herein 
 must be covered at each drill period, and the relation between 
 the ground to be covered and the time available will suggest 
 the degree of detail to which the instruction may be carried 
 and the degree of proficiency which should be attained. 
 
 6. The training schedule should be made effective and 
 camp routine established and regulated by regimental orders. 
 In order to keep records of instruction separate from routine 
 and administrative files, of general and special orders, the 
 instructions for training, published on any one day, should be 
 designated “ Instruction Memorandum No. —,” and these 
 memoranda should be filed together. At the beginning of 
 each course in general training, instructions should be 
 issued describing the course in general terms and showing 
 the objects to be attained. Such instructions will obviate 
 much uncertainty in the minds of all concerned and will 
 stimulate interest in the work in hand by showing its relation 
 to that which is to follow. 
 
 10 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 11 
 
 Detailed training schedules should be issued from time to 
 time and probably at intervals not greater than a week, 
 prescribing the drill schedule to be followed and making 
 clear the objects sought by each item of instruction. When 
 the solution of practical problems is contemplated, these 
 should be mentioned only in general terms in the periodic 
 training schedules, a memorandum being issued specially 
 for each problem. The subjects of lectures should be an¬ 
 nounced in advance and special lessons taught by the lecture 
 may be emphasized by subsequent publication. 
 
 As soon as the company commanders have gained sufficient 
 experience they may be called upon for recommendations 
 as to details to be incorporated in training schedules. 
 
 TYPES OF ENGINEER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 7. It is probable that the Engineers in our armies will be 
 organized from one or more of the following classes of troops: 
 Regulars, Reserves, National Guard, Volunteers, and those 
 raised by draft. The degree of training of these classes 
 when first mobilized will differ, greatly. New Regular regi¬ 
 ments will be formed by dividing the regiments already 
 existing into parts and raising these parts to war strength. 
 Such regiments will contain many untrained enlisted men 
 and inexperienced officers. The National Guard regiments, 
 less thoroughly trained to begin with, will have undergone 
 similar processes. The status of units organized from other 
 sources is uncertain, but all will be practically untrained. 
 Thus no organizations will be thoroughly trained, a few 
 will be partially trained or will include the whole or parts 
 of previously trained units, and the great majority will 
 probably be newly raised troops containing varying numbers 
 of men with military experience or prior training, but as 
 organizations having had no training at all. 
 
 8. However organized, these troops may be divided roughly 
 into two broad classes for the purpose of devising courses of 
 training suitable to their needs: First, newly raised units; 
 and second, those created by expanding old ones or parts of 
 old ones. The expanded unit contains a nucleus of trained 
 
12 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 officers and enlisted men who have worked together, and 
 has a connected set of records and established traditions and 
 esprit de corps inherited from the parent organization to 
 be lived up to by the offspring. The difference between the 
 actual worth of the poorest of the expanded units and the 
 best of the new units may not be great, but there is certain 
 to be a decided difference in their available means for com¬ 
 mencing training, and this is the essential reason for the 
 distinction made between the two types of units. To attain 
 the minimum proficiency necessary to face the enemy the 
 expanded organization has only to incorporate and amalga¬ 
 mate its new material. On the other hand, no matter 
 how excellent its personnel the new organization has 
 not this advantage. Before it attains the initial status of 
 the organization just described all of the machine^ for 
 administration and instruction must be evolved without 
 the aid of a homogeneous framework on which to build and 
 with at best only a very small quota of trained officers. 
 
 In addition to regularly organized units of officers and 
 enlisted men, inexperienced officers may be grouped in pro¬ 
 visional organizations on a cadet basis for initial training. 
 These will be referred to as “officers’ training units.” A 
 trained instructing and administrative staff will be available 
 for them. 
 
 ASSUMED STATUS OF ENGINEER ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 9. Personnel , new regiments .—With respect to the per¬ 
 sonnel of newly raised regiments it will be assumed: 
 
 (1) That the commander is an officer of ability and ex¬ 
 perience. 
 
 (2) That practically all of the officers are duly qualified 
 Engineers who have devoted some time to the study of 
 military matters. 
 
 (3) That a few officers in each regiment are qualified at 
 the outset to act as drillmasters. 
 
 (4) That the greater part of the enlisted personnel has 
 been recruited especially for the Engineers; that it contains 
 men who have been regularly employed on construction 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 13 
 
 work in civil life and are accustomed to responsibility; that 
 it contains some skilled laborers, some men with clerical 
 experience, and some who are experienced in handling horses 
 and mules; and that the great majority of the men are 
 accustomed to manual labor and outdoor work under more 
 or less severe conditions. 
 
 10. Personnel , expanded regiments .—With regard to the 
 personnel of the expanded regiments it will be assumed that 
 about 20 per cent of the strength of each company is com¬ 
 posed of men who served in the parent organization, and 
 that about 30 per cent of the officers have either served 
 with the parent organization or are otherwise experienced 
 in their duties. It will also be assumed that the new men 
 of these organizations will generally be below the standard 
 which may be looked for in the newly raised regiments and 
 in general that the expanded regiments will be under¬ 
 officered at first. 
 
 11. Equipment .—It will be assumed that all organizations 
 will be provided at the outset with about 50 per cent of the 
 total authorized allowance of equipment and that the balance 
 of the equipment will be delivered during the first two 
 months of service. It will be assumed that the animals will 
 be provided as soon as they can be used effectively. Bridge 
 equipment is not included in the regimental equipment, but 
 will be assumed to be available for the instruction of pioneer 
 units. Special equipment will be supplied for the instruc¬ 
 tion of specialized units, such as railroad troops and recon¬ 
 naissance sections, but will not be expected to be on hand at 
 the outset. It will be assumed that ample funds will be 
 placed in the hands of disbursing officers, with which ma¬ 
 terials to be used in instruction and extemporized equip¬ 
 ment can be purchased. 
 
 12. Location .—It will be assumed that regiments will be 
 united for training and for this purpose will be quartered 
 either in permanent camps or cantonments prepared in 
 advance and so located as to provide suitable facilities for 
 field exercises, for pioneer drills, and for instruction afloat 
 with ponton equipage. 
 
14 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 13. Time element .—It is the policy of the General Staff to 
 give new troops as much training as possible before assign¬ 
 ing them to duty in the theater of operations. It is estimated 
 that this period of training should be 11 months to produce 
 troops who are properly fitted to take the field against the 
 best modern armies. This period may have to be reduced 
 to about six months or troops may have to be put into the 
 field as soon as they can be used at all. Under these con¬ 
 ditions a period of 6 to 11 months will be assumed as that 
 within which the training herein contemplated shall be 
 completed, and a period of 10 weeks for progressive instruc¬ 
 tion, plus two weeks for general review in applicatory work, 
 will be assumed as the minimum required for fitting newly 
 raised troops to be used at all in the presence of the enemy. 
 In determining the time which can actually be devoted to 
 instruction, due allowance will be made for work of a routine 
 nature not directty connected with training. 
 
 THE TRAINING GOAL. 
 
 14. The immediate training goal of the system of intensive 
 training is twofold: First, that the troops be so organized, 
 equipped, disciplined, and trained that, when in the presence 
 of the enemy, they can be handled and used as organized 
 units. This requires: 
 
 (1) That all officers and enlisted men gain a definite knowl¬ 
 edge of their official relations, of the principles of command, 
 and of the distribution of responsibility throughout the 
 command. 
 
 (2) That the machinery for supplying subsistence stores, 
 for cooking, and for messing be so well developed as to be 
 effective on the march and in bivouac. 
 
 (3) That all become sufficiently familiar with their arms 
 and equipment to be able to care for them, insure their avail¬ 
 ability for use, and know the use for which each item is 
 intended. 
 
 (4) That enough close-order drill be learned so that bat¬ 
 talions and smaller units may be handled by word of com¬ 
 mand and so that all units will be able to march without 
 straggling and take up formations as ordered. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 15 
 
 (5) That the elements of extended-order drill be learned 
 sufficiently well to enable each unit to deploy, advance, de¬ 
 liver effective fire, and close with the enemy. 
 
 • (6) That the men be hardened and be fairly well accus¬ 
 tomed to ordinary field service. 
 
 (7) That the elements of the service or security be learned 
 to such an extent that the command can furnish its own 
 advance guard or outpost with reasonable security against 
 surprise. 
 
 (8) And that the command be so trained in the most im¬ 
 portant tasks of field engineering that they may be under¬ 
 taken under service conditions with prospect of success. 
 
 It can not be expected and should not be attempted to 
 make all of the men proficient in many Engineer duties. It 
 is essential that in each company there be a few who are 
 really dependable in each class of work, and that all have a 
 general idea of their duty as laborers on all of the more 
 common classes. 
 
 15. The ultimate training goal is that described in Part I, 
 Chapter III, paragraphs 32-42, inclusive. In brief, it is the 
 creation of Engineer organizations properly trained for service 
 against the best modern armies. 
 
 16. The training goal thus outlined can not be attained 
 within the period of intensive training without making 
 unusual demands upon every individual connected with the 
 training. It is essential that all devote their utmost mental 
 and physical energies to the work in hand, with a serious 
 conception of their responsibilities, subordinating personal 
 ambition, comfort, animosities, and jealousies to the earliest 
 possible attainment of the training goal. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 COURSE I. 
 
 17. Course I covers the work of organizing, equipping, and 
 housing the troops and starting the machinery whereby they 
 are fed, discipline is maintained, and routine work is con¬ 
 ducted. When a skeleton working organization already 
 exists and a training staff is available, the course may be 
 used for individual and collective instruction of new men, 
 but when an organization is to take Course II the time 
 devoted to Couise I should be reduced to the minimum 
 necessary, and should not be extended to cover instruction 
 which is included in Course II. 
 
 Expanded regiments may be able to take the field in an 
 emergency as soon as they have been properly equipped and 
 the new men have had such recruit instruction as is necessary 
 to enable them to keep in ranks and take care of themselves 
 in the field. Accordingly, Course II may be omitted bv 
 expanded regiments, in which case Course I should be ex¬ 
 tended to include such reciuit instruction as may be neces¬ 
 sary to fit the regiment for active service. Newly raised 
 organizations should pursue all three courses, but no organ¬ 
 ization should be permitted to proceed with Course III until 
 it has demonstrated its fitness for field service. 
 
 18. Organizing .—Officers will be assigned to the i^egiment 1 
 by the War Department. Assignment to companies should 
 be made by the regimental commander after he has sufficient 
 acquaintance with his officers to enable him to make the 
 most advantageous distribution of their various abilities and 
 expedience. In particular, officers qualified as drill masters 
 should be distributed judiciously. The technical experience 
 of each should be given due consideration, and officers who 
 are specialists in the same line should not be placed in the 
 
 1 The term regiment will apply to mounted battalions or other detached units 
 wherever appropriate. 
 
 16 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 17 
 
 same company unless it is intended to specialize this com¬ 
 pany. If practicable; officers who aie familiar with the 
 paper woik of the Army should be detailed as adjutants and 
 supply officers. If such officers are not available; those who 
 have been most intimately connected with the reciuiting and 
 payment of the peisonnel and with the procuring; care, and 
 distribution of supplies and mateiials in engineeiing work 
 on a large scale in civil life are best suited to this work. 
 Clerical experience in a large well-ordered office will be 
 highly valuable in staff positions. In choosing the regi¬ 
 mental adjutant consideration should be given especially to 
 tact, bearing; and evenness of temperament. At least one 
 officer in each company should be accustomed to outdoor 
 work and be experienced in handling men. 
 
 It is also important that enlisted specialists and men of 
 experience on different classes of work in civil life should be 
 distributed uniformly throughout the regiment. The devel¬ 
 opment of each company depends greatly upon the rapidity 
 with which the men become known to each other and to their 
 officers. Extensive transfers can be made more easily at 
 first than later. Accordingly, at a very early stage the regi¬ 
 mental commander should call upon each company com¬ 
 mander to make a careful inventory of the capabilities of 
 all of his men, based on their statements of experience and 
 his knowledge of them.* 
 
 Individual training records .—In order that organization 
 commanders may know and have a record of the individual 
 qualifications and professional attainments of their men, it 
 is recommended that each company or detachment com¬ 
 mander, in addition to the prescribed record, shall keep indi¬ 
 vidual records of all of his men, showing in detail the train¬ 
 ing they have received, the courses they have completed, the 
 degrees of proficiency attained, their industry, aptitude, and 
 discipline. 
 
 This lecord will be consulted and forwarded with all rec¬ 
 ommendations for promotion. . It will be returned to the 
 company or detachment commander after being inspected 
 by the officer issuing the warrants. 
 
 104121—17-2 
 
18 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 19. Issuing equipment .—The work of issuing individual and 
 company equipment should be carefully organized and con¬ 
 ducted in accordance with a published program which should 
 be so arranged that as little time as possible will be lost. In 
 all cases the men should be kept in ranks and proper pro¬ 
 vision made for checking equipment drawn and for making 
 replacements or exchanges without delaying the general 
 work. When supply officers and company commanders are 
 inexperienced it is recommended that the colonel give this 
 matter his personal attention and give detailed instructions 
 for conducting issues in an orderly and efficient manner before 
 commencing the work. 
 
 20. Housing .—In the confusion usually resulting when 
 troops move into camp, there is a tendency to put off for the 
 first few days a number of important sanitary measures. 
 This often leads to the outbreak of preventable epidemics. 
 Sanitary measures are of immediate and vital importance and 
 should precede all measures looking to comfort or con¬ 
 venience. The colonel should make it his personal business 
 to see that proper provision is made for the disposal of ex¬ 
 creta and all other waste and for the cleanliness of kitchens, 
 messes, and all culinary and table ware. In the permanent 
 camp or cantonment, these matters may be provided for to a 
 large degree before the organization arrives. This should 
 not cause their importance, at the -initial occupation of a 
 camp, to be lost sight of. After these matters are attended 
 to, the drainage of the camp should be looked after, and 
 finally provision made for baths and washing facilities, for 
 the proper disposition of personal and general equipment, and 
 for recreation rooms, and the like. The expedients which 
 make for comfort in the camp will be better understood after 
 it has been occupied for a period. Accordingly, too much 
 time should not b.e devoted to this at the outset. Care must 
 be taken at the beginning, however, to impress the men with 
 the necessity of properly caring for tentage, barracks, and 
 all accessories. 
 
 21. Feeding .—One of the most important tasks to be ac¬ 
 complished during Course I is the establishment of the various ; 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 19 
 
 messes and the giving of such correction and instruction as 
 will get all of them running properly. The captains, the 
 mess sergeants, and all of the cooks who have not had pre¬ 
 vious experience in the Army have important lessons to learn, 
 and it is absolutely essential that some one competent to su¬ 
 pervise this matter be placed in charge. 
 
 22. Routine .—The necessary records and papers should be 
 properly made and kept, both at regimental headquarters 
 and in the orderly room. Some competent noncommis¬ 
 sioned officers or officer should be given the task of instructing 
 all in the regiment who have clerical work to do. The 
 essentials are not difficult and it should be possible to attend 
 to them promptly without interfering with training. Mis¬ 
 takes in paper work cause annoyance and confusion and may 
 cost money. 
 
 A general order should be published immediately pre¬ 
 scribing the routine service calls: reveille, breakfast, police, 
 sick call, fatigue call, recall, dinner, afternoon fatigue call, 
 recall, retreat, supper, call to quarters, tattoo, and taps. 
 General instructions should be included to provide a proper 
 guard, regulate the use of lights, water, baths, roads, etc., 
 the granting of passes and other privileges, the police of 
 camp, and proper action in case of fire or other emergency. 
 Until instruction has been given in interior guard duty, it is 
 thought that the best results can be secured by detailing 
 selected men as watchmen under a proper quota of non¬ 
 commissioned officers and an officer of the day who together 
 will constitute a guard. (The use of soldiers as watchmen 
 is authorized by Paragraph 221, Manual of Guard Duty.) 
 In general the performance of this duty should follow closely 
 the best practice in the case of policemen in our cities and 
 appropriate orders for the latter, properly carried out, will 
 insure the safety of Government property and maintenance 
 of order in camp. 
 
 23. Discipline .—As infractions of discipline may occur at 
 any time, a summary court and a special court should be 
 appointed at the outset and general instructions given to 
 the officer of the day and other officers of the regiment re¬ 
 garding the arrest and confinement of enlisted men, and 
 
20 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 preferment of charges in accordance with the provisions of 
 the Manual of Courts Martial. It is suggested further that 
 at the first opportunity the colonel address the entire regi¬ 
 ment on the subject of discipline, trying to impress each man 
 with the unnecessary nuisance and interference with the 
 work in hand caused by infraction of discipline on his part. 
 
 24. Drill .—Drill should not be allowed to interfere with 
 the more important work described above for Course I. 
 This applies particularly to organizations which are to take 
 Course II. It is thought that about one-half hour should 
 be devoted to physical training twice daily by all men and 
 that other drills should be attended by only those men who 
 can not be utilized in the work of drawing supplies and 
 equipment or other like matters. These drills should be 
 held at a specified hour each day, and should be devoted to 
 the school of the soldier, to instruction in the care of arms 
 and equipment, and to lectures on the subject of organiza¬ 
 tion, duties, privileges, obligations, general relations of en¬ 
 listed men, and military courtesy. 
 
 During Course I, the training staff should be organized 
 and instructed, assignments should be made to the various 
 schools, and training orders should be prepared for the work 
 to follow in the other courses. The closing day of the Course 
 I should see the command ready in all respects to commence 
 the regular schedule of instruction in the next course. 
 
 25. Recruit instruction .—It is contemplated that expanded 
 regiments which are to omit Course II will be given such 
 recruit instructions under Course I as will enable them to 
 take the field upon its completion. To this end practically 
 all the other work outlined for this course should be per¬ 
 formed by the old soldiers. This should limit the special 
 work of the recruits to the drawing of their own clothing and 
 equipment, leaving the balance of their time free for drill. 
 
 A schedule of recruit instruction, to be used only when 
 Course II is to be omitted, follows. All subjects are covered 
 each week, so that this instruction may be stopped whenever 
 sufficient proficiency has been attained to enable the organ¬ 
 ization to commence the regular course of instruction. The 
 instruction should be conducted under the supervision of 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 21 
 
 company commanders when the number of recruits in each 
 company exceeds about fifty. When it is less than this, 
 companies should be combined into provisional companies 
 of about 100 men each for drill purposes. These companies 
 should be placed under the general orders of a major or 
 captain of the regiment, with enough commissioned and 
 noncommissioned officers (or privates acting as such) to 
 provide about 1 officer and 6 noncommissioned officers to 
 each 100 recruits. 
 
 The following daily schedule of service calls is suggested: 
 
 Reveille: 
 
 First call_ 5.45 a. m. 
 
 Assembly__ 6.00 a. m. 
 
 Breakfast_ 6.15 a.m. 
 
 Police and stables_ 7.00 a. m. 
 
 Sick call and inspection of camp_ 7.15 a. m. 
 
 Instruction__ 7.30-11.45 a. m. 
 
 Dinner__ 12.00 m. 
 
 Instruction_1.00- 4.00 p. m. 
 
 Retreat_ 5.30 p. m. 
 
 Supper_ 6.00 p. m. 
 
 Tattoo_ 9.00 p. m. 
 
 Taps_ 10.00 p. m. 
 
 For all formations except reveille, first call will be sounded 
 10 minutes before assembly. This period may be reduced 
 advantageously to 5 minutes after the men have become 
 accustomed to the routine. Fatigue and practical work 
 should be conducted during the periods set apart for recruit 
 instruction. Only men needing additional instruction will 
 drill on Saturday afternoon. No Sunday drill. 
 
 Instruction will be given in the following subjects: (1) 
 Infantry drill; (2) Miscellaneous Infantry training; (3) 
 Calisthenics; (4) Small-arms practice; (5) Mounted drill; 
 (6) Engineer drill; and (7) Customs of service. Only men 
 destined for the mounted sections will take (5). In mounted 
 battalions Cavalry drill and training will be substituted for 
 (1) and (2). In each company (tactical or provisional) the 
 recruits will be divided into squads according to their pro¬ 
 ficiency in subjects (1), (2), and (6), a separate set of squads 
 .being formed for each of these subjects, so that a recruit 
 
22 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 who is deficient in one may yet be in a high squad in another. 
 These squads will be numbered serially, and in general 
 instructors will be assigned permanently to each squad. 
 Recruits will be transferred between the squads from time 
 to time as their relative proficiency changes. As the instruc¬ 
 tion progresses the higher squads will be consolidated for 
 Infantry drill in the schools of the larger units, until finally 
 all drill is given in a unit representing a company. The 
 squads for Engineer drill will be combined as may seem 
 advisable. 
 
 Schedule of recruit instruction. 
 
 Periods. 
 
 Nature ol drill. 
 
 1. 7.30-8.00 a. m. 
 
 2. 8.15-9.15 a. m. 
 
 Calisthenics or mounted exercise. 
 
 Infantry drill or mounted drill. 
 
 Engineer drill. 
 
 Lecture. 
 
 Miscellaneous Infantry instruction. 
 
 Infantry drill or mounted drill and stables. 
 
 3. 9.30-10.45 a. m. 
 
 4. 11.00-11.45 a. m. 
 
 5. 1.00-2.45 p. m. 
 
 6. 3.00-4.00 p. m. 
 
 
 Calisthenics .—Recruits should be drilled in large groups. 
 Instruction should follow the Manual for Physical Drill. 
 At an early stage bayonet fencing should be introduced in 
 this period, using as large a squad as the available equip¬ 
 ment allows, all men being given an equal amount of 
 instruction. 
 
 Infantry drill in both the morning and afternoon periods 
 should commence with the school of the soldier without 
 arms and progress through the school of the squad to that 
 of the company in both close and extended order. In 
 general, the morning period should be devoted to detailed 
 work by squad and the afternoon period to work of the 
 larger units under direct command of commissioned officers. 
 The men for the mounted section should attend infantry 
 drill in the morning period until they are proficient in the 
 school of the soldier and squad. Thereafter they should 
 attend infantry drill only in the afternoon period on tw 4 o 
 days each week, devoting the balance of periods 2 and 6 
 to mounted work. An hour may seem too long a period 
 for infantry drill. In the morning period a good deal of. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 23 
 
 time will be spent in reorganizing squads and commenting 
 on the work. The afternoon period affords an opportunity 
 for the officer in charge to give personal instructions, hold 
 competitions, and work out exercises in extended order 
 drill or even in the service of security. 
 
 Engineer drill will be devoted to a thorough grounding in 
 knots and lashings and the use of cordage; to rowing when 
 practicable; to a few demonstrations of trench work; to the 
 rigging of derricks; and the building of the elements of span 
 and trestle bridges. Throughout much attention should be 
 devoted to teaching the terminology of military engineering, 
 and by careful explanation and questioning the men should 
 be made to understand the application of what is taught. 
 
 Miscellaneous Infantry instruction should commence with 
 the care of arms and equipment (for details see Course II, 
 B-l), and should include interior guard duty, preparatory 
 work for small-arms practice, the use of bombs and hand 
 grenades, and bayonet drill. All men should become pro¬ 
 ficient in the latter before being practiced in bayonet com¬ 
 bat during the first period. It is suggested that instruction 
 in all these subjects be conducted simultaneously, the squads 
 rotating, and instructors in each subject being permanent. 
 
 The following subjects are suggested for lectures to be 
 given during the fourth period. Two or more days may be 
 devoted to the same subject. 
 
 (1) Care of arms and equipment and general respon¬ 
 sibility for the proper treatment and handling of all Govern¬ 
 ment property, including clothing. 
 
 (2) Duties and obligations of the soldier (oath of enlist¬ 
 ment), his relation to his officers and noncommissioned 
 officers. Salutes and military courtesy, proper methods of 
 address, etc. 
 
 (3) Military discipline—general principles; the unneces¬ 
 sary nuisance resulting from infractions. Simple rules for 
 keeping out of trouble. Desertion, selling clothing, and 
 other offenses. 
 
 (4) Personal relationships .— The pitfalls laid for the recruit, 
 gambling, money lending and borrowing, debt in general, 
 formation of friendship among older men, discontent and 
 
24 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 growling, limitations on personal comfort, reasons therefor 
 and means bo alleviate. 
 
 (5) Personal hygiene .—Precautions in camp and on the 
 march, use of drinking water, personal cleanliness and the 
 relation between cleanliness and health, exercise and mental 
 and bodily activity, effects of alcohol. Preventive measures 
 and reasons for them—typhoid prophylactic, vaccination, 
 venereal prophylaxis, malarial treatment (quinine doses or 
 injection), quarantine. Flies, mosquitos, bedbugs, and 
 roaches. Use of mosquito bars. Use of latrines. 
 
 (6) Army organization and tactical use of different arms. 
 
 (7) Principles of service of security and patrolling. 
 
 (8) Principles of combat for the individual soldier. 
 
 (9) Guard duty and responsibility of the sentinel. 
 
 (10) Duties of engineers in war and military engineering 
 from the point of view of the enlisted man. 
 
 Many other subjects will suggest themselves as the instruc¬ 
 tion progresses. The lectures should be delivered by com¬ 
 missioned officers from notes prepared carefully in advance. 
 It is recommended that the lectures always be in the form 
 of informal talks and that papers never be read. The men 
 should be encouraged to ask questions and all other means 
 used to stimulate interest. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 SECTION 1—COURSE IJ. 
 
 26. This course is presented in a form for a newly raised 
 pioneer regiment, but modifications are suggested for a 
 mounted battalion, a detached company, a railroad regi¬ 
 ment, and officers’ training units. No modifications are 
 given for other special units, but the course may be short¬ 
 ened or otherwise changed for such units at the discretion 
 of commanding officers. 
 
 In adapting the schedules to actual conditions, essential 
 elements should be omitted only when absolutely necessary, 
 or when proficiency has been demonstrated. 
 
 27. Status of regiment .—When the regiment commences 
 Course II its status should be as follows: Muster in and pre¬ 
 liminary medical examinations completed; camp livable and 
 sanitary, and a daily routine established; all equipment on 
 hand issued; clothing requisitions submitted and filled as far 
 as stock on hand permits; messes running smoothly and 
 company offices and regimental headquarters equipped and 
 able to transact business; a system in operation for the dis¬ 
 tribution of subsistence stores and removal of waste; officers 
 and enlisted men assigned permanently to organizations and 
 the number of noncommissioned officers necessary to main¬ 
 tain discipline and act as drillmasters appointed; the train¬ 
 ing staff, schools, and classes organized and initial training 
 orders issued; some preliminary instruction of driilmasters 
 completed and all slightly instructed in calisthenics and foot 
 movements, and in the care of arms and equipment. In 
 short, ail is ready to begin training with no avoidable inter¬ 
 ruptions to follow, except those resulting from delayed ship¬ 
 ment of equipment or similar causes. 
 
26 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 SCHEME FOR ORGANIZING AND SCOPE OF WORK. 
 
 28. The general purpose of Course II is to cover practically 
 the entire scope of the training prescribed for regular Engi¬ 
 neer troops in Paragraph 89, Compilation of General Orders, 
 W. D. 1881-1915 (G. O. 6, 1915). The time is apportioned 
 among the various subjects in direct proportion to their rela¬ 
 tive importance to troops in field service, and in inverse pro¬ 
 portion to the previous knowledge of the personnel concern¬ 
 ing them, and experience in applying such knowledge. 
 
 29. General plan. —(1) General service training will be uni¬ 
 form throughout the regiment. It includes: Care of arms 
 and equipment; Infantry drill in close and extended order; 
 combat tactics; interior guard duty; small-arms practice; 
 bayonet combat and trench fighting; first aid, hygiene, and 
 sanitation; camping and marching; service of security; and, 
 for the mounted men, equitation, care and feeding of animals, 
 and mounted drill. The greater part of the time will be 
 devoted to this class of training. 
 
 (2) General engineer training includes all branches of mili¬ 
 tary engineering. In the time available it is not practicable 
 to develop all-around engineer soldiers, but each man will 
 be well grounded in one or more of the details of military 
 engineering. Each will apply his special knowledge in com¬ 
 bined practice in either bridge or fortification work, and will 
 participate as a laborer in other work to which his special 
 training does not pertain. 
 
 At the conclusion of the course each company should be 
 able to perform creditably any of the ordinary tasks in mili¬ 
 tary engineering, though the men will have to be assigned to 
 details of the work in accordance with their special training. 
 
 (3) Training in special duties will be given to first sergeants, 
 clerks, supply sergeants, mess sergeants, cooks, stable ser¬ 
 geants, farriers, horseshoers, packers, and buglers. 
 
 (4) Individual training of engineer specialists will be 
 limited to map reproduction, photography, and drafting. 
 Specialists in the various trades will be selected on their 
 previous record and demonstrated ability, and though they 
 may be used as instructors will be given training in their 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 27 
 
 specialties only to the extent of familiarizing them with the 
 equipment carried. 
 
 (5) Officers, noncommissioned officers, and instructors gen¬ 
 erally, will be given special training in their duties. 
 
 (6) The scheme of organization and schedules for training 
 will be drawn with due reference to the conduct of adminis¬ 
 tration and other routine duties and to probable shortage of 
 experienced instructors. 
 
 30. Certain general rules are adhered to in so far as prac¬ 
 ticable. Each commander should conduct the training of his 
 own command, in order to develop his own initiative, mutual 
 acquaintance between himself and his men, and coordination 
 and discipline within his command. Instructors must have 
 time to plan their work and all officers to attend to necessary 
 routine duties. The full capacity of all for work should be 
 utilized and applied to training. Instructors will be more 
 proficient to the extent that they can be selected on account 
 of aptitude for their work and can specialize in it. Obvi¬ 
 ously these rules are conflicting. A compromise is therefore 
 necessary in applying them, and results in a somewhat com¬ 
 plicated scheme for organizing the work. 
 
 The working basis is: 
 
 (1) Administrative and routine work by those who will 
 have to perform it in campaign. 
 
 (2) Tactical instruction and combined work in military 
 engineering by tactical units under their normal commanders. 
 
 (3) Individual instruction in general service training by 
 companies, conducted by company commanders (when pos¬ 
 sible) under special instructors in each subject. 
 
 (4) Individual instruction in general engineer training by 
 classes of selected men (schools) under a special instructor in 
 each subject. 
 
 (5) Special instruction of officers, noncommissioned of¬ 
 ficers, instructors, drillmasters, first sergeants, clerks, mess 
 sergeants, etc., by classes under special instructors in each 
 subject. 
 
 31. In general terms, the duties of the officers of the regiment 
 will be as follows: 
 
28 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (1) The colonel. —Commands the regiment, and is responsi¬ 
 ble for its training and all administrative and routine work. 
 In addition, he must conduct personally its outside business. 
 In campaign he becomes division engineer, and at the train¬ 
 ing camp may have similar duties. He will probably find it 
 necessary to spend much time away from the regiment 
 looking after its interests; for example, in connection with 
 delayed equipment. Nevertheless, his personal influence is 
 of paramount importance in the training, and all the time he 
 can spare should be devoted to its general supervision, though 
 he is given no specific duties connected with training. 
 
 (2) The lieutenant colonel.— The immediate command of 
 the regiment will probably devolve on him in campaign. At 
 the training camp he will assist the colonel in every way 
 possible and may be called upon to take direct charge of all 
 administrative work within the regiment. He is given no 
 specific duty regarding the training. 
 
 (3) The regimental adjutant and the supply officer. —Ad¬ 
 ministrative duties only—under the immediate direction of 
 the colonel or lieutenant colonel. 
 
 (4) The topographical officer. —Duty as instructor and in 
 charge of the headquarters drafting squad. 
 
 (5) The majors. —Tactical and disciplinary command each 
 within his own battalion, and duty as principal instructor for 
 the whole regiment in designated subjects. 
 
 (6) The battalion adjutants. —Duty as special instructors 
 and such administrative work as falls to battalion head¬ 
 quarters. 
 
 (7) The company commanders. —Administrative work 
 within the company, conduct of all training by company, and 
 observation of class instruction. 
 
 (8) Lieutenants. —Assist in company administration and 
 training, duty as special instructors, and observe class work. 
 Duty on boards, courts, etc. 
 
 (9) The medical officers. —One to be sanitary officer, one 
 attending surgeon, all available for duty as special in¬ 
 structors. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL -Yin. 
 
 29 
 
 Each major should have to devote but a very small part 
 of his time to administrative work and each captain about 
 one-quarter of his time to this and interior discipline and 
 police. All officers should find sufficient time to plan their 
 work as instructors. 
 
 DETAILED ORGANIZATION. 
 
 32. The scheme for organizing the work of training is 
 shown in detail in the table which follows. The following 
 special abbreviations are used: 
 
 Bn. C_Battalion commanders—each in his own 
 
 battalion._1_ 
 
 C. C_Company commander_ 
 
 Sp. Ins_Special instructor (selected officer)_ 
 
 Maj_Major as special instructor. (The two 
 
 majors distinguished as X and Y)_ 
 
 Surg_Medical officer as special instructor_ 
 
 Enl_Enlisted men_ 
 
 M. E_Master engineer as special instructor_ 
 
 Ath. O_Athletic officer___ 
 
 Sel_Selected__ 
 
33. Organization of training courses and schools. 
 
 30 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-Yin. 
 
 © 
 
 P 
 
 © 
 
 ft g 
 
 c$ ■*■=> 
 02 
 
 00 P 
 
 © *iH 
 
 P S- 
 
 02 ^ 
 <1 O 
 
 ® bb 
 
 on ^ 
 
 _ P 
 © P 2 
 
 >> {>» 
 ■O ,P 
 
 <! <! <1 
 
 .P 
 
 Ph 
 
 OQ 
 
 7 
 
 C\| 
 
 , © • 
 
 JL on 
 
 • rH IZj 
 
 a 
 
 PH 
 O c 3 
 O Q 
 
 . O 
 
 p 'p 'p 
 
 PQ 
 
 o 
 
 ,p 
 
 .s 
 
 02 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 'oS 
 
 
 
 Eh 
 
 W 
 
 N 
 
 P 
 
 0 Q 
 
 •c 
 
 -p 
 
 
 'p 
 
 s* 
 
 P 
 
 © 
 
 P 
 
 <s 
 
 | 
 
 O 
 
 £ 
 
 1 
 
 'p 
 
 © 
 
 *Sh 
 
 'p 
 
 02 
 
 £ 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 •H 
 
 
 
 
 ’bo 
 
 © 
 
 a 
 
 © 
 
 ‘p 
 
 o 3 
 
 w 
 
 03 
 
 © 
 
 •-- 
 
 ri 
 
 
 pj 
 
 p 
 
 © 
 
 
 <3 
 
 pH 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 P 
 
 <H 
 
 Q 
 
 £ 
 
 HH 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 , — N 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eh 
 
 O 
 
 rH 
 
 (M 
 
 CO 
 
 w 
 
 ci 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 31 
 
 A 2 
 
 d 0 
 v 
 
 >> 3 
 
 9 ° 
 
 p • 
 
 I « 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 d 0 
 
 ° 3* 
 
 - d 
 
 (D OQ 
 4 -Q> 
 
 3 rd 
 
 o 0 
 
 y to 
 'd -S 
 
 5 d 
 ^ d 
 d 0 
 
 5 *> 
 Q 
 
 to 
 
 d 
 
 £ 
 
 O 
 
 
 d 
 
 • OQ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 OQ 
 
 0 
 
 : £ 
 
 {z; 
 
 d 
 
 : ° 
 
 d 
 
 OQ 
 
 4-3 
 
 0 
 
 OQ 
 
 ! 3 
 
 3 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 PQ 
 
 
 
 . CO 
 
 CO 
 
 d 
 
 d d 
 
 r/'i <3 
 
 £ 3 
 
 y rt 
 
 o S 
 
 A 3 
 
 QQ 7 ? 
 0 ° 
 OQ 
 
 s 5 
 
 d3 
 
 P 
 
 S' d 
 
 .2 p 
 
 
 UJ 
 
 a 
 
 0 
 
 a 
 
 0 
 
 cl 
 
 i 
 
 03 
 
 oi* 
 
 % 
 
 u 
 
 OQ 
 
 -0 
 
 b£ 
 
 OQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 dr 
 
 ofT 
 
 d 
 
 0 
 
 ■+5 
 
 y 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 
 0 
 
 to 
 
 bo 
 
 OQ 
 
 OQ 
 
 a 
 
 j>» 
 
 ’ft 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 .2 
 
 y 
 
 d 
 
 .S 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 d 
 
 0 
 
 .a 
 
 OQ 
 
 <D 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 §p 
 
 P 
 
 d 
 
 OQ 
 
 
 OQ 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 • rH 
 
 4^> 
 
 o 
 
 fl) 
 
 'bO 
 
 d 
 
 i-0 
 
 > ■ 
 P 
 
 d 
 
 CO 
 
 OQ 
 
 OQ 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 ; 
 
 1—| 
 
 r ~| 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 OQ 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 d 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 < 
 
 << 
 
 <! 
 
 
 
 <1 
 
 co 
 
 <1 
 
 o o 
 
 ; 
 
 
 ; 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 OQ 
 
 a 
 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 I-P 
 
 
 
 
 
 • t 
 
 
 OQ 
 
 d 
 
 j 
 
 j 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 P! 
 
 
 CQ 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 c 
 
 > o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 •r-l C 
 
 > c 
 
 j o 
 
 ! o 
 
 o 
 
 P x 
 
 i d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 p 
 
 y 
 
 'd* 
 
 P ^ 
 
 ! d 
 
 
 ■ d 
 
 d 
 
 CO 
 
 ; 
 
 
 { 
 
 
 PQ 
 
 O 
 
 co 
 
 
 
 co 
 
 
 * 
 
 * 1 
 
 
 
 
 d3 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 c3 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 4-5 
 
 d 
 
 
 y 
 
 0 
 
 d 
 
 c3 
 
 >> 
 
 4-3 
 
 d 
 
 c3 
 
 0 
 
 a 5 
 a h 
 a 
 
 C 3 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 oQ pq 
 
 c3 
 
 P 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 0 
 
 -u 
 
 0 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 >* 
 
 d 
 
 d d 
 0 0 
 
 11 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 3 O 
 
 - O 
 
 d 
 
 0 
 
 a m 
 
 0 0 
 
 0 
 
 £ # ^ 
 P d 
 
 .a >> 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 c3 
 
 CO 
 
 £ 
 
 r2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 P 
 
 b 
 
 o 
 
 Oh 
 
 'sU 
 
 E-i 
 
 Q 
 
 1 § 
 
 
 
 Si 
 
 S a 
 
 p g 
 
 
 
 
 p 0 
 
 
 
 
 .< o 
 
 p) 
 g 
 
 3 « 
 OQ d 
 H -5 
 
 to oo 
 
 OQ -05 
 
 m PC 
 
 -2 -2 
 
 8P 8P 
 
 rb 0 
 P 3 
 P( 
 
 d 3 
 co eo 
 
 gfa 
 
 . 0 ^ 
 
 +3 to •- 
 
 to d % 
 
 Ph PQ co 
 
 d 
 
 d to 
 d d 
 
 •H OQ 
 OQ d f~> 
 
 ft S 0 
 
 PQ co 
 
 Q 
 
33. Organization of training courses and schools —Continued. 
 
 32 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-Yin. 
 
 
 -L 4-3 o> 
 
 B 60 
 
 • pH ISZ 
 
 M So 
 
 4-3 JH 
 
 bX) <D 
 
 s § 
 
 11 
 d a? 
 
 W P-. 
 
 W 
 
 aj 
 
 
 GO 
 
 
 
 
 OQ 
 
 OQ 
 
 OQ 
 
 ad 
 
 GQ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 O 
 
 
 d 
 
 -2 
 
 > 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 d 
 
 GO 
 
 -£5 
 
 >• 
 
 d » 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 5 Q ' 
 
 
 ad 
 
 id 
 
 ft 
 
 03 
 
 d 
 
 ft 
 
 <M 
 
 d 
 
 CM 
 
 d ft 
 
 5zj 
 
 d 
 
 ft d 
 
 ft d 
 
 r> 
 
 &. 
 
 03 rH 
 
 03 
 
 rH 
 
 c=d 
 
 rH 
 
 03 GO 
 
 lO 
 
 co 
 
 CO 03 
 
 CO CO CO 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 C 
 
 ) 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 d 
 
 P3 
 
 c 
 
 ! * 
 
 pt 
 
 I 
 
 d 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 pq 
 
 d 
 
 
 'q 
 
 w. 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 vJ 0> vJ 
 
 S CO S 
 
 GG 
 
 
 
 
 JH 
 
 OQ 
 
 
 
 
 •fH 
 
 c 
 
 > o 
 
 c 
 
 > 
 
 •rH 
 
 _c 
 
 ) c 
 
 ) o 
 
 & 
 
 a) 
 
 
 S ’-3 
 
 
 Maj 
 
 Sp. 
 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ! T3 
 
 a 2 
 
 i-t COO 
 
 qj a> 
 
 s # 
 
 5 ? 
 2 m 
 o 
 £ 
 
 W 
 
 s 
 
 a> 
 
 6 o 
 
 60 
 
 S 
 
 <X> 
 
 60 
 
 "2 
 
 ffl 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 ft b* 
 d £ 
 
 §> -3 
 
 § I 
 
 a 
 
 yq lO 
 
 o 
 
 .ft 
 
 B 
 
 >* 
 
 m 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 33 
 
 ^Each Co. 
 
 ^Each Co. 
 
 O O 
 
 ft O 
 
 rd rd 
 
 © © 
 
 c3 o3 
 
 W Pd 
 
 DQ DQ 
 
 DQ* 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 ft ® ft ® 
 
 ft _DQ ft ® 
 
 Xh ft ^ ft 
 
 * > • > 
 Xh ft 5^ ft 
 
 N OO N CO 
 
 ^ O 1—1 02 
 
 c3 cj O 
 rd 
 
 O 
 
 a 3 
 
 r d 
 >» ® 
 pq S 
 
 3 
 
 ‘S 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 c« g 
 
 -d £ 
 © 2 
 ■s .2 
 
 d o 
 
 • SP § 
 
 DQ 
 
 o . - 
 
 T3 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 fci. 
 
 •d 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 I? 
 
 © 
 
 0Q 3 
 
 O +3 
 ft © 
 0) 
 
 <M 1—11 
 „ CO 
 d 
 
 2 S 
 
 >> 
 
 cXj 
 
 0Q 
 
 B 
 
 © 
 
 a 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 +a 
 
 © 
 
 Qd 
 
 C$ 
 
 'd 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 pq 
 
 53 
 
 a 
 
 $a 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 © 
 
 2 
 
 GO 
 
 'o 
 
 2 
 
 *a 
 
 o 
 
 
 © 
 
 'o 
 
 pd 
 
 © 
 
 Cv 
 
 GO 
 
 © 
 
 3 
 
 fl 
 
 W 
 
 GO 
 
 < 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 © 
 
 ft 
 
 6D 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 W 
 
 X! 
 
 be 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 ft 
 
 o 
 
 EH 
 
 d d 
 
 d ; 
 
 
 rs 
 
 c3 
 
 
 rr 
 
 i 
 
 d 
 
 fc 03 
 
 d 
 
 03 
 
 c: 
 
 d 
 
 > o 
 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 ft ft> 
 
 ft ft 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ) 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 $ 
 
 i d 
 
 
 • © 
 
 02 ft 
 
 ft ft 
 
 pq gq 
 
 ft 
 
 ) C/2 
 
 | * # 
 
 
 
 • ft 
 
 
 
 
 # * 
 
 
 • GC 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 : X X 
 
 1 X : 
 
 
 J £ 
 
 '• A d 
 
 ► 
 
 
 o .ft .ft >r o, . c 
 
 ■d c3 ci cS d 
 
 > 
 
 'c 
 
 * ft 'c 
 
 i -S c 
 
 i c 
 
 ► 
 
 
 ! s pq ft 
 
 > ft 
 
 > m ft 
 
 » pq ft 
 
 > 
 
 Ph 
 
 ft 
 
 o 
 
 rd 
 
 
 © 
 
 © 
 
 c3 
 
 © 
 
 GO 
 
 
 d 
 
 DQ 
 
 
 <& 
 
 •nd 
 
 d 
 
 o3 
 
 d 
 
 # o 
 
 §* 
 
 o 
 
 GO 
 
 .GO 
 
 *a 
 
 d 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 a 
 
 SO 
 
 o 
 
 © 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 s 
 
 © 
 
 3 
 
 Q 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 P3 
 
 d CO 
 
 .2 d 
 
 t5 .2 
 
 £ tS ® 
 
 © 2 m 
 U) JS 
 3 tS -2 
 pq fe S 
 
 CM CO 
 
 >* 
 
 d 
 
 03 
 
 ft 
 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 >» 
 
 r© 
 
 DQ 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 ft 
 
 >» 
 
 © 
 
 d 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 < 
 
 02 
 
 Hi 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 w p 
 © • o 
 M o 
 ~ w 
 
 02 o 
 « 02 
 o .. 
 
 S g 
 
 g § 
 
 ® s 
 
 5? £ 
 
 t—i o 
 
 X: ft] 
 
 w 
 
 ph 
 
 O W d 
 
 104121-17- 
 
 Note. —In Sub. B-5 mtd. sections attend normally mounted. In Sub. E-4 all engineer tool wagons and pack animals attend, mtd. sections 
 mtd. In Sub. G all units in normal field order. 
 
34 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 34. Time distribution .—With the exception of officers and 
 enlisted men engaged on routine work and instructors not 
 needed in their normal functions as officers and noncommis¬ 
 sioned officers, the entire command will be engaged at any 
 time on one of the following groups of work: 
 
 (1) Any one of the subjects (1) to (6) included under 
 B—“ General service training,” the mounted men either at¬ 
 tending mounted drill separately or with the balance of the 
 command, mounted or on foot. 
 
 (2) The schools under C, “ General service training,” and 
 under D, “ Engineer training.” 
 
 (3) General engineer training, by section (E 1, 2, and 3) 
 or by company or battalion (E-4). 
 
 (4) Subject G .—Practice marches and field exercises for the 
 entire command. 
 
 The instructors’ school will be held in the evenings and 
 during calisthenic and other drills which require only a few 
 instructors. Time for administrative work and the planning 
 of drills is available during the periods assigned for the 
 schools and other special instruction. 
 
 35. Instructors .—The total number of special instructors 
 required is: 
 
 (1) For general Infantry instruction (B-4), 6 officers, 6 
 noncommissioned officers. 
 
 (2) For mounted drill (B-7), 2 officers. 
 
 (3) For schools in general service training (C), 6 officers 
 and about 10 noncommissioned officers. 
 
 (4) For schools in general engineer training (D), 12 officers 
 and about 16 noncommissioned officers. 
 
 Of these four groups of work needing special instructors, 
 only the schools in general service and general engineer 
 training are held simultaneously. The total number of in¬ 
 structors required for these schools is 18 officers and about 
 26 noncommissioned officers, and these instructors are 
 available to serve as instructors in the work held at other 
 times. Therefore, the total number of special instructors 
 need not exceed 18 officers and 26 noncommissioned officers. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 35 
 
 exclusive of the 2 majors. The 2 battalion adjutants, the 
 topographical officer, at least 2 of the medical officers, 
 the 2 color sergeants, the sergeant bugler, the battalion 
 sergeant major, and at least 9 of the 11 master engineers are 
 available for duty as special instructors so that only 13 offi¬ 
 cers and 12 noncommissioned officers need be drawn from the 
 companies. It is thought that lieutenants will be found who 
 are qualified for this work, which will leave all the captains 
 and 5 lieutenants free for other duties during the periods 
 designated for school work. Further, as the general In¬ 
 fantry instruction (B-4) is conducted by the companies in 
 rotation, only 2 officers need be drawn from the companies 
 as special instructors in this work, leaving all the other com¬ 
 pany officers free to participate in the work with their 
 commands. 
 
 DAILY ROUTINE. 
 
 36. The ordinary daily routine follows. For all forma¬ 
 tions except reveille, first call will be sounded five minutes 
 before assembly. 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupations. 
 
 Reveille, first call—5.45 a. m. 
 
 Assembly—6 a. m. 
 
 Breakfast—6.15 a. m.. 
 
 Police call—7 a. m. 
 
 Stable—7 a. m.. 
 
 Sick call and inspection of quarters— 
 7.15 a. m. 
 
 Fatigue call and first instruction period— 
 7.30-8.15 a. m. 
 
 Between breakfast and police call, all men 
 will police around their bunks, fold and 
 put away their clothing, and attend to 
 equipments. All company officers pres¬ 
 ent at police call. Company formed in 
 ranks, proceeds with organized general 
 police of quarters, grounds, and stables. 
 
 Inspection of quarters. Captain signs 
 morning report and attends to delin¬ 
 quencies, etc. 
 
 Company formed. Old guard and special 
 details for fatigue fall out. B-(2), 
 physical drill; B-{7), mounted exercise; 
 H, instructors’ school—officers and 
 others not attending to attend to ad¬ 
 ministrative duties. (J, noncommis¬ 
 sioned officers’ schools when necessary). 
 
36 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupations. 
 
 Second instruction period—8.30-9.15 a. m. 
 
 B-(3), infantry drill; B-(7), mounted drill. 
 
 Third instruction period—9.30-10.45 a. m. 
 
 B-(l), arms and equipment, or D, schools 
 for engineer training, and C for clerks, 
 mess sergeants, etc., and later, E, en¬ 
 gineer training by company. (Officers 
 and noncommissioned officers other than 
 
 instructors to finish administrative and 
 other work.) 
 
 Fourth instruction period—11-11.45 a. m. 
 
 Continuation of work in third period of 
 special work. 
 
 Dinner—12 m. 
 
 
 Fatigue call—12.45 p. m. 
 
 Old guard and special details formed for 
 fatigue. 
 
 Fifth instruction period—1-3 p. m. 
 
 B-(4), general Infantry training, or B-(5), 
 tests and applicatory problems, general 
 service. 
 
 Sixth instruction period—3.15-4 p. m... 
 
 B-(3), infantry drill (and on certain days 
 B-(7), mounted drill), or B-(5) con¬ 
 tinued from fifth period. 
 
 Recall from fatigue—4 p. m. 
 
 
 Stables—4.15-4.45 p. m. 
 
 For mounted sections and teamsters. 
 
 Guard mounting—4.30 p. m. 
 
 Buglers (band) and guard details. Recre¬ 
 ation for all not on duty from 4 to retreat. 
 
 Retreat or parade—5.15 p. m. 
 
 All men including, at least, 1 officer from 
 each company. Men inspected in ranks 
 under arms. 
 
 Supper. Immediately after retreat or 
 
 One company officer should inspect quar¬ 
 
 parade. 
 
 ters during supper. 
 
 Seventh instruction period—8-9 p. m.... 
 
 I, officers’ school, and J, noncommissioned 
 officers’ school on alternate evenings. 1 
 
 Tattoo—9.15 p. m. 
 
 Lights out. 
 
 Taps—10 p. m. 
 
 Inspection by Officer of the Day and de¬ 
 tailed company officers. 
 
 (Check roll). 
 
 (Check roll call only for men who are abus¬ 
 ing night privileges.) 
 
 1 This is not recommended if other time can be made available. 
 Special days will be set aside for practice marches and field exercises. 
 
 37. Guard and fatigue .—The rudiments of interior guard 
 duty are to be taught under subject B-4-a, and not in con¬ 
 nection with actual guard duty. Until two companies have 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 37 
 
 had this instruction, guard will be performed by watchmen 
 permanently detailed on special duty under an officer de¬ 
 tailed as provost. Thereafter a regular interior guard will 
 be established, assumed as not to exceed an officer of the 
 day, 1 officer of the guard, 2 sergeants, 3 corporals, 36 pri¬ 
 vates, and 2 buglers. In order not to interrupt class work 
 unduly, the guard should be made up of details from all 
 companies, the size of the detail from each company being 
 in proportion to the strength of the company. The rosters 
 should be so arranged that the officer of the day and the 
 officer of the guard are not both special instructors. This 
 permits the one who is a special instructor to attend his 
 regular classes, his responsibilities as a member of the guard 
 devolving on the other. Both should be excused from all 
 other training. 
 
 The guard will be excused from all duty except fatigue 
 on the day after they march off. If the morning period for 
 police is used properly by the companies, no additional 
 fatigue details should be necessary. With the exception of 
 the guard and old guard, only the following need be excused 
 from drills: Lieutenant colonel and regimental staff (attend 
 only when detailed as instructors), company commanders, 
 first sergeants, mess sergeants, supply sergeants, and clerks 
 from first period, third period, and fourth period (and 
 clerks from sixth period) when absolutely necessary; special 
 instructors from first, third, and fourth period work when 
 not instructing or attending classes as students; two kitchen 
 police and one orderly from each company by roster daily 
 (orderlies at headquarters to be furnished by the guard); 
 cooks, from all drills except cooks’ schools, a. m. Infantry 
 drill and field exercises. 
 
ADAPTATION OF COURSE II TO A 12 WEEKS’ TRAINING PERIOD 
 
 38 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 
 00 
 
 CO 
 
 & 
 
 "d 
 
 5* 
 
 & 
 
 T3 
 
 & 
 
 'S 
 
 a> 
 
 d 
 
 Eh 
 
 .43 
 
 w 
 
 of tf CO 
 
 WWW 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 T3 
 
 o 
 
 0 
 
 ft 
 
 W 
 
 W 
 
 H 
 
 N N M J> H 
 
 m M PQ w w 
 
 w 
 
 W PQ W M O Q 
 
 W 
 
 CO 
 
 w W 
 
 Q Q 
 
 CO 
 
 W W 
 
 H 
 
 1>- CO !>■ 
 
 2 -P 
 
 fl OD 
 © « 
 be -H 
 
 - >» 
 
 M W W W o Q 
 
 Q Q 
 
 w w 
 
 co 
 
 w W w 
 
 c3 'o 
 
 § s 
 
 a " 
 
 a> be 
 
 Q Q 
 
 Q Q W 
 
 w W 
 
 'd 
 
 P>> 
 
 4=5 
 
 ft 
 
 „ a 
 
 W 
 
 CO 
 
 w w 
 
 be 
 
 a 
 
 '3 
 
 § .§ 
 
 S > 
 
 08 S 
 
 *3 m 
 
 2 2 
 cS CD 
 U 0 
 „ a> 
 
 r—I bo 
 I 
 
 W O 
 
 W 
 
 CO 
 
 W W 
 
39. Second week . 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL— Yin. 
 
 % 
 
 3 
 
 d Q o 
 
 a 
 
 pq 
 
 P>> 
 
 rO 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 .© 
 
 © 
 
 ft 
 
 & 
 
 3* 
 
 •■a 
 
 d 
 
 03 
 
 02 
 
 s 
 
 © 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 J-l 
 
 ft “ 
 ~ 02 
 
 pq 
 
 CO tj. 
 
 pq pq 
 
 T3 
 
 02 
 
 P 
 
 H 
 
 o t- 
 
 PQ W pq PQ 
 
 o Q pq 
 
 pq H pq pq o 
 
 T 
 
 o Q pq- 
 
 >» 
 
 cS 
 
 n3 
 
 02 
 
 © 
 
 H 
 
 w 
 
 & 
 
 T3 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 pq 
 
 >> 
 
 & 
 
 ft 
 
 <?n 
 
 pq 
 
 pq 
 
 >» 
 
 o 
 
 T co t> 
 
 o q pq pq pi 
 
 d 
 
 2 o 
 
 s J2 
 
 1 « 
 
 I i 
 © © 
 d ° 
 
 § ta 
 
 d o 
 
 bo > 
 
 .2 § 
 
 .2 50 
 
 2 t>£ 
 
 +3 p 
 
 pq Q 
 
 © 
 
 © 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 W 
 
 cS 
 
 02 d 
 d .2 
 
 © -fj 
 
 bo o 
 p 
 
 Q Q 
 
 M 
 
 pq.S 
 
 39 
 
 Practice march—about 10 miles, no packs; instruction in keeping closed, etc. 
 
Adaptation of Course II to a 12-weeks' training period —Continued. 
 
 40. Third week . 
 
 40 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 c3 
 
 T3 
 
 oi 
 
 T3 
 
 m 
 
 o P o 
 
 P 
 
 p 
 
 .o 
 
 V> 
 
 o 
 
 a> 
 
 Ph 
 
 B ft 
 
 s 
 
 a> 
 
 2 
 
 Ph 
 
 oS 
 
 s- §> 
 
 a, ® 
 
 P-< <^> 
 
 >> 
 
 c3 
 
 OQ 
 
 P 
 
 ,P 
 
 H 
 
 N N CO N 
 
 w w w w o 
 
 o P P 
 
 M 
 
 PQ PQ PQ ffl o 
 
 o P pq 
 
 ;>> 
 
 o3 
 
 "P 
 
 02 
 
 <U 
 
 P 
 
 EH 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 Q P PQ 
 
 W 
 
 >> 
 
 P 
 
 T5 
 
 P 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 
 6D 
 
 .a 
 
 >> 
 
 Ph 
 
 of 
 
 p 
 
 ■p 
 
 >> 
 
 m o 
 
 02 
 
 a> "§ 
 
 § ,§ 
 . P o 
 &C ® 
 
 w a 
 
 p 
 
 o P 
 
 11 
 
 a> 
 
 60 « 
 P 
 
 - f-i 
 TjH -M 
 
 I 00 
 
 P 
 
 a o 
 
 § ° 
 
 S 
 
 o o 
 
 O 0Q 
 
 § s 
 
 W 0) 
 
 CJ> 
 
 A1 
 
 Practice march, light packs, about 7 miles, and deployments for attack. 
 
 Battalion parade on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, battalions alternating. 
 
41. Fourth week. 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 £ 
 
 TJ 
 
 CO 
 
 m 
 
 Q P Q 
 
 „ o 
 
 V % 
 
 a 
 
 fl 
 
 'p 
 
 o 
 
 a> 
 
 ft 
 
 PQ 
 
 >> 
 
 c3 
 
 *2 
 
 Pn 
 
 n3 
 
 a 
 
 03 
 
 I • 
 
 s a 
 
 <D 0> 
 
 •11 
 
 
 >> 
 
 o3 
 
 T3 
 
 K) 
 
 PQ pq pq pq o 
 
 o 
 
 T *? 'T 
 
 Qm mm 
 
 C3 
 
 OQ 
 
 o> 
 
 a 
 
 P 
 
 a> 
 
 & 
 
 ■g 
 
 <D 
 
 a 
 
 Eh 
 
 c^t^cor- 
 
 m m m m d p 
 
 O 
 
 p m 
 
 c$ 
 
 P 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 >* 
 
 ft 
 
 <nT 
 
 l 
 
 m 
 
 5>> 
 
 co tj. be o 
 
 m m o' 
 
 a 
 
 53 
 
 bo 
 
 be 
 
 a 
 
 •a 
 
 >h r o 
 
 <x> o 
 
 a o 
 To M 
 
 8 g 
 
 _ a> 
 
 O 
 
 m m 
 
 <£.1 
 
 41 
 
 Practice marches on Monday and Friday, light pack, to include problems in security. 
 Battalion parade Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, battalions alternating. 
 
Adaptation of course II to a 12 weeks' training period —Continued. 
 
 42. Fifth week. 
 
 42 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL— VIII. 
 
 <& 
 
 o3 
 
 • P 2 
 
 P=H 
 
 >> 
 
 c3 
 
 tj 
 
 GO 
 
 Sh 
 
 A 
 
 Eh 
 
 Q Q O 
 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 >> 
 
 rO 
 
 o >> 
 © d 
 
 & £ 
 03 CLi 
 
 d 
 
 T3 
 
 d 
 
 o3 
 
 rd 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 I I 
 •I 1 
 
 m 
 
 pq pq pq pq o 
 
 o Q 
 
 & 
 
 nd 
 
 go 
 
 © 
 
 d 
 
 >> 
 
 c3 
 
 Td 
 
 03 
 
 © 
 
 d 
 
 Eh 
 
 (M N CO 
 
 pq pq pq pq o 
 
 O Q PQ 
 
 <M t" CO t>- 
 
 pq pq pq pq 6 Q 
 
 Q Q W 
 
 <3 
 
 ’TS 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 pq. 
 
 >* 
 
 pq Q 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 6 o 
 
 60 
 
 d 
 
 •a 
 
 Q Q 
 
 >» 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 a> 
 
 •i-t 
 
 o 
 
 yd 
 
 o 
 
 -2 
 03 
 © 
 
 o 
 d 
 o 
 ‘o 
 yd 
 2 
 
 Ph t-t 
 
 >» 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 *o 
 
 yd 
 
 o 
 
 ■S 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 '<D 
 
 ‘o 
 
 yd 
 
 o 
 
 W W h 
 
 .3 7, «** 
 
 n-i +J 
 
 d a o 
 © © 
 
 ■"G PX, co 
 d * d 
 0)0)0 
 +3 "C 
 a o c3 
 
 6X3 « > 
 
 fl ,® » 
 
 >* -M 
 
 d 0 
 c3 .® 
 
 0 d 
 o m 
 ® -d 
 dd % 
 
 y © „ 
 
 © d 2 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 d .a 
 ® ^ 
 
 
 d'd 
 
 © 
 
 © 
 
 S s 
 
 GO 
 
 ^ G 
 d o 
 
 a 
 
 o © 
 
 to'd 
 
 In © 
 ® 
 
 5 & 
 
 d 
 © 
 
 _ m 
 qs © 
 
 8 Si 
 
 1 -3 » 
 
 ■© 'c3 
 
 d 03 5-1 
 
 o ® 
 
 “ ° 8 
 
 M 2 w 
 
 © £“ .3 
 
 g ^ d 
 ^ o ^ 
 
 •2 * 4* 
 
 rd hs o 
 
 +J +3 © 
 
 ® ‘d 
 
 ° yd o 
 >>T5 ” 
 d d .d 
 'd 03 © 
 
 § ^ © 
 
 O o 
 
 +3 © 
 
 © o 
 d d 
 £ ^ 
 2 C3 
 
 .a« 
 
 ^ S 'S 
 
 a T3 
 
 ^ 8 ® 
 c3 S d 
 
 | £ g 
 d ^ os 
 
 & « a 
 
 others to observe. 
 
 Practice march, full pack, 12 miles. 
 Regimental parade on Tuesday and Thursday. 
 
43. Sixth week. 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—Vin. 
 
 43 
 
 & 
 
 I 
 
 W 
 
 d 
 
 Pi 
 
 .a 
 
 BO 
 
 a 
 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 df 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 e3 
 
 ■d 
 
 d 
 
 ©3 
 
 
 CO* 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 .a 
 
 ©3 
 
 pf 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 
 .o 
 
 ft 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 •s 
 
 & 
 
 r d 
 
 TJ 
 
 ‘2 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 O) 
 
 ft 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 a 
 
 d 
 
 •4J 
 
 • JZj 
 
 *o 
 
 O 
 
 02 
 
 ©3 
 
 a> 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 W 
 
 N N CO N 
 
 W pq W « 
 
 W 
 
 w 
 
 a & 
 
 o> 0 
 
 *■”? c3 
 
 o ° 
 d to 
 ft d 
 
 c a 
 
 § a 
 
 <M t>- CO 1>- 
 
 pq pq pq PP 
 
 1—1 ^ CO 
 
 WWW 
 
 .5 a += 
 
 T3 c 3 d 
 ©3 0 0 
 
 2 m a 
 
 d .a .& 
 
 S 8 S' 
 
 ® ~ x) 
 
 3-2S 
 2 § * 
 Pm 
 
 c3 
 
 'S 
 
 tn 
 
 0) 
 
 d 
 
 f£ 
 
 bC ft 
 
 .2 a 2 
 
 e3 d 
 a o o 
 
 ■2 a-1 
 •: -g -s 
 
 <N t-~ CO 
 I I I I 
 
 pq rn PQ pq 
 
 WWW 
 
 2 
 
 o g 
 
 Sh cS 
 
 Pm 
 
 o a> 
 ,d 
 
 >*' 
 
 a 
 
 'P 
 
 C<l 1>* CO I> 
 
 pq pq pq pq 
 
 i-M Ojl CO 
 
 WWW 
 
 >> 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 t a> 
 
 *o 
 
 <d 
 
 o 
 
 'S 
 
 d ft 
 .2 2 
 02 O 
 
 .2 -3 
 
 a ® 
 
 a *m 
 
 O 
 
 § o 
 
 O £ 
 
 d o 
 
 & 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 S- 
 
 1 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o> ; 
 
 ; .d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d • 
 
 : >> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • m t>0 
 
 • ±3 
 
 
 
 
 J ^ 
 
 bfc .s 
 
 •a l 
 
 
 
 H T 
 
 
 o 2 c 
 
 £ ■§ 
 
 
 
 r d "73 
 
 13 ""S 
 
 O 
 
 •S3 
 
 >> 
 
 dS 
 
 ft 
 
 PP 
 
 W 
 
 '£ £ 
 
 g d 
 
 § '2 
 g * 
 o 
 
 ©3 
 
 <d a 
 be cd 
 xs V3 
 
 •d f-i 
 
 Ji <2 
 
 pq pq pq 
 
 WWW 
 
 t>> 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 a> 
 
 a 
 
 cd 
 
 I 
 
 ft-S 
 
 E-l, E-2, and E-3: All bridge sections, all fortifications sections, and all mounted sections of each battalion combined in three groups for 
 demonstration and applicatory work—subjects covered in D courses. In this work the specially trained men w’ll be used as assistant instructors. 
 A set of problems, one for each section for each day, should be solved—these being designed to demonstrate details primarily. 
 
 Regimental parade on Tuesday and Friday. 
 
Adaptation of course II to a 12 weeks’ training period —Continued. 
 
 44. Seventh week. 
 
 44 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 5* 
 
 fl 
 
 o3 
 
 fl 
 
 fl 
 a 
 o 
 
 O rrH 
 
 <x> fl 
 
 S * 
 
 o 
 £ 
 
 g fl «_ 
 
 fH >> 
 2 ^ 
 
 § JT 
 
 c3 N 
 
 o 
 
 fl 
 
 pq 
 
 >> 
 
 .O 
 
 fl 
 
 # o 
 
 v> 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 Ah 
 
 
 
 fa : 
 
 
 OQ : fl 
 
 ci 
 
 
 CO 
 
 t^. 
 
 : t 
 
 pq 
 
 pq 
 
 pq 
 
 pq 
 
 fa M 
 
 3 
 
 o3 
 
 fl to 
 
 W ° 
 ia 
 
 pq ^ o 
 
 ^ - 
 >* fl 
 
 if fl 
 •r! os 
 
 2 03 
 CD pj 
 
 fl ^ 
 
 •H © 
 
 a 
 
 fl 
 
 <3 
 
 fl 
 
 eo t- 
 
 pq w 
 
 pq pq 
 
 a 
 
 JJ3 w 
 
 «p 1 'S 
 
 I Sh 
 
 pq fa 
 
 ;>> 
 
 o3 
 
 fl 
 
 co 
 
 o 
 
 fl 
 
 fl 
 
 a» 
 
 £ 
 
 g fl 
 *43 M 
 
 o 
 
 C« rfl 
 Jh 
 
 fa 
 
 * 
 
 2 * 
 0) o 
 
 2 -p 
 
 o 03 
 
 >» ^ 
 r-fl 
 
 r rt CJ> 
 
 2 
 
 £3 fa 
 
 2 •£? B> © 
 
 c3 fl 03 CO 
 S 2 pH CO 
 
 o 3 
 
 fl 
 
 co 
 
 a> 
 
 fl 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 
 pq 
 
 
 fl 
 
 pq 
 
 
 fl 
 
 § 
 
 
 -*-q> 
 
 GQ 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 fH 
 
 
 U2 
 
 i r-~ 
 
 CO l> 
 
 
 pq pq 
 
 pq pq 
 
 2 
 
 03 
 
 2 
 5 2 
 g pH 
 T3 
 
 f s 
 
 fa 
 
 & 
 
 fl 
 
 fl 
 
 o 
 
 
 PQ 
 
 O .fl 
 O h-3 
 
 id ° 
 d g 
 
 S 
 
 'S § • 
 
 fl- £ ? m 
 
 w s ^ fl 
 
 •g> § § 
 
 fa pq 
 
 2 
 
 • »H 
 
 . CD 
 . 03 
 
 S .9 
 
 0> bo 
 ~ fl • 
 fl5 fl 
 
 45 ^ ~ 
 b 1 - 
 I g * 
 
 A B 
 
 o 
 
 PQ pq 
 
 bo 
 fl 
 
 "fl 03 
 
 I # 
 
 fl 03 
 O go 
 
 ’-fl fl 
 
 S3 03 
 O 
 
 fl fl 
 ’fl A 
 >h o 
 
 .2 2 
 
 <N co" 
 I I 
 
 fa fa 
 
 2 
 
 03 
 
 fl 
 
 O 
 
 J-i 
 
 PH 
 
 fl 
 
 fl 
 
 fa 
 
 >> 
 
 — 
 
 -8 
 
 .o 
 
 'pA 
 
 £ 
 
 fl 
 
 s 
 
 fl 
 
 pq 
 
 ;>> 
 
 fl 
 
 fa-fl 
 
F, selected engineer specialists to be picked from results previous week’s work in E-l, 2, 3, and by tests, and be made familiar with tools 
 carried and given theoretical instruction in the application of their specialties. 
 
 B-4b, trigger pull, sighting, and position work for balance. 
 
 E-4, combined engineer instruction by company. Each day’s work should consist in a general problem involving work of all three sections 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 bp 
 
 .3 
 
 p 
 
 2 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 >> 
 
 rO 
 
 bh 
 
 ai 
 
 of 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 > 
 
 oi 
 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 * * • 
 
 3 d 
 O -rH T3 
 H 09 
 
 m S a> 
 
 2 o'd 
 a p <x> 
 
 £ ‘F 
 o S « 
 
 2 M O 
 
 H P 
 P 2 T3 
 
 OQ p c3 
 P p 2 
 
 P £ 
 
 EH bo A 
 
 >» «3 rt 
 S m ® 
 
 g P H 
 
 Ph .3 
 a b». od 
 
 § & 3 
 p a w 
 
 oS .2 
 «_ p 
 
 o 
 
 45 
 
46 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 45. Eighth week. 
 
 First battalion: 
 
 Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday: Three-day problems in E-l, E-2, and E-3* 
 Thursday, Friday, and Saturday: Three-day practice march, including E-4. 
 Second battalion: Qualification course on target range. 
 
 Ninth week. 
 
 First battalion: Qualification course on target range. 
 
 Second battalion: Work of first battalion prescribed for eighth week. 
 
 Remarks on eighth and ninth weeks. 
 
 Three-day problems: Each battalion section to have a single problem in military 
 engineering requiring about three days to complete. These problems are primarily 
 to demonstrate proficiency in organizing and in team work. 
 
 Fractice march: One day in shelter-tent camp to be devoted to battalion problem—a. 
 river crossing or other problem, involving work for all elements of the battalion. 
 
 46 . Tenth week. 
 
 Monday morning: First period, B-2 and B-7; second period, B-3 and B-7; balance- 
 of day, preparation for practice march. 
 
 Tuesday to Saturday, inclusive: Fractice march of not less than 80 miles with prac¬ 
 tice problems in engineering and tactics. 
 
 47. Eleventh and twelfth weeks . 
 
 Such review work as the colonel thinks most needed. 
 
 MODIFICATIONS OF COURSE II. 
 
 48. Modifications for a mounted battalion: 
 
 Scheme of organization— 
 
 B. General service training. 
 
 B-3. Change to Cavalry drill. 
 
 B-4. Change to general Cavalry instruction. 
 
 B—4—b. Change to rifle practice. 
 
 B-4-c. Change to pistol practice. 
 
 Omit B-7. Mounted drill and care of animals (B-3 covers this). 
 
 D. Engineer training, general schools. 
 
 Omit D-3. Rowing school. Limit work of ponton school to “Advance- 
 guard equipment,” and include paddling and handling of boats in pon¬ 
 ton school. 
 
 Omit D-9. Miners and sappers school. 
 
 Under D-5. Trench layout school, emphasize siting and omit design and 
 layout of work not covered in fortification construction school. 
 
 Consolidate D-6, D-7, and D-8 as fortification construction school, reduc¬ 
 ing detail of students by one-half, omitting work not appropriate with 
 Cavalry. 
 
 Increase detail for D-10, demolition school, to 6 noncommissioned officers 
 and 12 privates. 
 
 Omit E-3. Mounted sections. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 47 
 
 Make necessary changes in detail of students and instruc¬ 
 tors. Modify all courses to fit them for mounted Engineers 
 and for work with the Cavalry. 
 
 Daily schedule. 
 
 Time and periods. i Normal occupations. 
 
 Reveille, first call—5.45 a. m. 
 
 Assembly—6 a. m. 
 
 Stables immediately after reveille. 
 
 Breakfast—6.30 a. m. 
 
 Police call and sick call—7.15 a. m. 
 
 Inspection of quarters—7.30 a. m. 
 
 Fatigue call—7.45 a. m. 
 
 First instruction period—8-9.30 a. m.. . . 
 
 Stables—9.30-10 a. m. 
 
 Second instruction period—10.15-11.45 
 • a. m.' 
 
 Dinner—12 m. 
 
 Fatigue call—12.45 p. m. 
 
 Third instruction period—1-2.45 p. m_ 
 
 Fourth instruction period—3-3.45 p. m.. 
 
 Recall from fatigue—4 p. m. 
 
 Water call—4 p. m. 
 
 Fifth instruction period—4-4.30 p. m.... 
 
 Feed and groom. 
 
 Between breakfast and police call all men 
 police around bunks, put away clothing 
 and equipment, etc. 
 
 Companies formed for general police of 
 quarters, grounds, and stables. 
 
 Captain signs morning report, attends to 
 delinquencies, and gives special in¬ 
 structions for the day, etc. 
 
 Old guard and special details formed for 
 fatigue. 
 
 Cavalry drill. 
 
 Groom. 
 
 B-l, arms and equipment, or C and D, 
 schools for general Engineer training 
 and for first sergeants, clerks, etc. Offi¬ 
 cers and others not attending to attend 
 to administrative and other routine 
 duties. Animals fed by stable details 
 at noon. 
 
 Old guard and special details formed for 
 fatigue. 
 
 B-4, general Cavalry instruction, or B-5, 
 tests and problems, general service 
 training. 
 
 Physical drill and mounted drill on alter¬ 
 nate days, or B-4 continued. 
 
 Stables, grooming, feeding, and bedding 
 down. 
 
 Recreation for all not on duty from 4.30 
 p. m. to retreat. 
 
 Guard mounting—4.30 p. m 
 
48 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Daily Schedule —Continued. 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupations. 
 
 Retreat or parade, dismounted—5.15 p. m. 
 Supper immediately after retreat or pa¬ 
 rade. 
 
 Sixth instruction period—8-9 p. m. 
 
 Men inspected in ranks under arms. 
 
 I, officers’ school, and J, noncommis¬ 
 sioned officers’ school on alternate days. 
 
 Lights out. 
 
 Inspection by officer of the day and de¬ 
 tailed company officers (check roll call 
 only for men who have abused night 
 privileges). 
 
 Tattoo—9.15 p. m. 
 
 Taps—10 p. m. 
 
 
 No work Saturday afternoon or Sunday, except reveille, stable, guard, fatigue, 
 police, and retreat. Special days to be set aside for field exercises and practice 
 marches as suggested for pioneer regiment. Ceremonies conducted on Saturday in 
 connection with inspection. 
 
 Guard and fatigue, same as for pioneer regiment, omitting 
 
 officer of the guard if practicable but including suitable 
 stable guard. 
 
 Two stable orderlies in each company, detailed by roster 
 or permanently from experienced soldiers; to be excused 
 from all drills. 
 
 49. Modifications for a detached pioneer company: 
 
 Scheme of organization— 
 
 Captain to conduct all training. 
 
 B-4. General Infantry instruction. Take subjects in rotation, completing each 
 before proceeding to next. 
 
 Omit B-6. Ceremonies, but hold inspection and a little drill in manual or march¬ 
 ing at retreat daily. 
 
 Omit C. General service training schools', but give special instruction. A lieuten¬ 
 ant may be detailed for this purpose. 
 
 D. Engineer training schools. Consolidate each of the three groups for instruc¬ 
 tion under the lieutenant commanding the corresponding section. Divide 
 each group into squads corresponding to the schools, for instruction under a 
 selected noncommissioned officer. 
 
 Other minor modifications as necessitated by limitations 
 imposed. 
 
 50. Modifications for railroad regiment. —It is presumed 
 that the regiment will be well schooled and informed in the 
 technical requirements and duties of the individuals. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 49 
 
 The work, then, will consist in developing organization 
 and giving such military instruction as is necessary to effi¬ 
 cient field service with an army. 
 
 The special purpose of the training will be to develop mili¬ 
 tary discipline so that the organization can be efficiently 
 handled in marches and when changing station. This will 
 best be accomplished by close order Infantry drill. 
 
 The course will be given in five weeks, the last one being 
 a review of the four previous. Regular courses and schools 
 will be modified as follows: 
 
 (1) Omit B-4-f, B-5, C-4, C-5, C-7, D-l, D-2, D-3, D-5, 
 D-6, D-7, D-8, D-9, and E. 
 
 (2) Changes in remaining regular courses as follows: 
 
 B-3. Omit extended order except rudiments of deploying. 
 
 B-4-b. Omit all shooting at ranges greater than 300 yards. 
 
 B-4-c. Rudiments only. 
 
 B-6. One parade per week. Total of two reviews. 
 
 C-3. Special instruction in handling railroad material and 
 supplies must be given. Four men per company should 
 receive this instruction. They should be expert construc¬ 
 tion storekeepers. 
 
 (3) The following should be added: Students* one-half 
 noncommissioned officers and company officers. Later prac¬ 
 tical work by all. Instruction; railway management and 
 operation. Men will be assigned to duties according to their 
 civil qualifications. This instruction will be solely to develop 
 cooperation and coordination. 
 
 (4) Instructor, Maj. Y: Students, one-half noncommis¬ 
 sioned officers and company officers; later practical work 
 by one battalion. Instruction: Railroad pioneer work. 
 This does not differ from other Engineer work except in the 
 weight and size of materials handled. 
 
 104121—17-4 
 
50 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (5) Daily schedule. 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupations. 
 
 Reveille, first call—5.45 a. m. 
 
 Assembly—6 a. m. 
 
 Breakfast—6.15 a. m. 
 
 Police call—7 a. m. 
 
 Sick call; inspection of quarters—7.15 
 a. m. 
 
 Fatigue call—7.30 a. m. 
 
 First instruction period—7.45-8.15 a. m.. 
 Second instruction period—8.30-9.15 a, m. 
 Third instruction period—9.30-10.45 a. m. 
 Fourth instruction period—11-11.45 a. m.. 
 
 Dinner—12 m... 
 
 Fatigue call—12.45 p. m. 
 
 Fifth instruction period—1-3 p. m. 
 
 Sixth instruction period—3.15-4 p. m_ 
 
 Recall from fatigue—4.30 p. m. 
 
 Guard mounting—4. 30 p. m.. 
 
 Retreat or parade—5.15 p. m. 
 
 Supper—after retreat or parade. 
 
 Seventh instruction period—8-9 p. m. 
 
 Tattoo—9.15 p. m. 
 
 Taps—10 p. m. 
 
 (Check roll.) 
 
 Same as for regular course with proper 
 omissions substituting (3) and (4) for all 
 regular E drills. 
 
 51. Modifications for officers’ training groups—k qualified 
 training and administrative staff of company clerks, mess ser¬ 
 geants, cooks, and fatigue detail of enlisted men or hired 
 civilians for camp guard, sanitation, care of stock, etc., will 
 be assumed to be present. Student officers are grouped in 
 companies, organized on a cadet basis as pioneer companies, 
 less mounted sections. Each company will be commanded 
 by an officer of the Army detailed as an instructor, and lieu¬ 
 tenants will be either officers detailed as instructors or acting 
 lieutenants detailed by the camp commander from specially 
 selected student officers who are qualified to act as in¬ 
 structors. Acting noncommissioned officers will be appointed 
 from specially qualified student officers. These may be used 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 51 
 
 as assistant instructors. Horses and equipments available 
 for work in equitation for about one-fourth of the command 
 at a time. 
 
 The training will be based on a regimental organization. 
 Complete company equipment and a division of advance 
 guard and ponton equipage will be assumed. 
 
 Scheme for organizing the training: 
 
 Colonel, senior instructor and camp commander. 
 
 Major, senior assistant instructor and battalion commander. 
 
 B-7. Mounted instruction, to be given to all student officers. 
 
 C. General service training schools. Consolidate and arrange courses in several 
 
 schools to be followed seriatim by all student officers by company. Special 
 instructors may be assigned in each subject and the companies rotate. Each 
 course should be curtailed and otherwise modified to fit it for student officers. 
 
 D. Engineer training, general schools. 
 
 All student officers to take all courses, attending in each 
 subject by company. Companies to rotate on courses 1, 2, 
 3, 4, 11, and 12 until completed; then to rotate on courses 
 5 to 10, inclusive, until completed. Courses to be curtailed 
 and otherwise modified so as not to require manual dex¬ 
 terity but thorough familiarity with methods and desired 
 results. 
 
 Omit E-l, E-2 and E-3, under Engineer training, general, 
 and include the work under E-4 problems, taking up those 
 pertaining to bridges and fortifications. Sections seriatim. 
 
 Omit F, Engineer trade schools, H, instructors’ school and 
 junior noncommissioned officers’ school. 
 
 Daily schedule . 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupations. 
 
 Reveille, first call—6.15 a. m. 
 
 
 Assemblv—6.30 a. m. 
 
 
 Police call—6.45 a. m. 
 
 Inspection of camp by noncommissioned 
 officers. 
 
 Breakfast—7 a. m. 
 
 First period—7.30-8.15 a. m. 
 
 C. General service training schools or jun¬ 
 ior officers’ school. 
 
 B-2, physical drill, and B-3, Infantry drill 
 and B-7 equitation; B-2 and B-3 con¬ 
 ducted in conjunction; B-7 by company 
 in rotation. 
 
 Second period—8.30-9.15 a. m.... 
 
 
52 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 Daily schedule —Continued. 
 
 Time and periods. 
 
 Normal occupation. 
 
 Third period—9.30-10.45 a. m. 
 
 B-4, General Infantry instructions; or 
 B-5, problems. 
 
 Junior officers’ school; or K, lectures; or 
 B-5 continued. 
 
 Fourth period—11-12 a m. 
 
 Luncheon—12.15 p. m. 
 
 Fifth period—1-2 p. m . 
 
 Junior officers’ school. 
 
 Sixth period—2 15—4 30 p m. 
 
 D. Engineer, training, schools; or E-4, En¬ 
 gineer training, problems. 
 
 To be omitted at discretion of command¬ 
 
 Retreat or parade—5 p. m. 
 
 Dinner—6.30 p. m. 
 
 ing officer. 
 
 Seventh period—8—9 30 p m 
 
 Study, or K lectures. 
 
 Taps—10 p. m. 
 
 Special exercises—practice marches and 
 range practice as directed. 
 
 
 Scope of instruction .—Course J should include the entire 
 Course I given in Part III of the Training Manual, the 
 subject of the training of Engineer troops as given in Part I 
 of the Manual and such part of Course II, Part III, as can be 
 covered. Tactical exercises and problems in tactical appli¬ 
 cation of military engineering should be introduced as 
 suggested for the pioneer regiment. Range practice may be 
 covered similarly. Lectures should include tactical employ¬ 
 ment of Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery, and fire direction 
 and control. 
 
 SECTION II. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCHOOLS. 
 
 A. Practical work of administration. 
 
 52. A-l and A-2. Regimental and company .—Texts: Army 
 Regulations; Compilation of General Orders, Circulars, etc.; 
 Appendices 1, 2, and 3, Engineer Training Manual; Manual 
 for Courts-Martial; War Department General Orders and 
 Circulars; and Special Regulations of War Department 
 Bureaus. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 53 
 
 Purpose: To instruct all officers and selected enlisted men 
 in their duties incident to regimental and company adminis¬ 
 tration. 
 
 Methods of instruction: ^Instruction will be given by caus¬ 
 ing those taking the course to enter the company or regi¬ 
 mental office and actually perform the practical work 
 connected with these duties. In addition, such theoretical 
 work may be given as the instructors deem advisable. 
 
 53. A-3. Sanitary .—This course will be arranged and 
 conducted by the senior medical officer present with the 
 command. 
 
 B. General service training. 
 
 54. B-l. Care of arms and accoutrements. —Texts: Infantry 
 Drill Regulations and Small-Arms Firing Manual. 
 
 Purpose: In order to prevent injury to arms and accoutre¬ 
 ments due to misapplied efforts, carelessness, or neglect, 
 instructions in the care of the rifle, pistol, bayonet, and other 
 equipment should be given recruits immediately after the 
 issue of these articles. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The captain or a designated sub¬ 
 altern will assemble the corporals, give them the instruction, 
 and then require the corporals to give the same to their 
 squads under his supervision. The captain by means of 
 rigid inspections will see that this instruction and his orders 
 on the subject are carried out. Corporals should be held 
 responsible at all times for the proper appearance of the men 
 in their squads and for the proper care of the equipment. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Description of contents of pack and 
 haversack. Demonstration of how to make up same. 
 Each man should then be required to make up and put on 
 his pack. Faults are then pointed out and corrected. 
 
 (2) Lecture, with demonstration when called for, covering 
 the following subjects: 
 
 (a) Nomenclature of parts of rifle (I. D. R., pi. 1) and 
 bayonet (par. 11, Manual of the Bayonet). 
 
 ( b ) Use of oil and ammonia solution. 
 
 (c) Cleaning rod, proper method of use (from breech). 
 
54 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 (d) Oiler and thong case when used, relative value of this 
 and cleaning rod. 
 
 (e) Caution against using shellac or other preparation on 
 the stock. 
 
 (/) Necessity for constant care of rifle and bayonet in 
 order that they may prove effective weapons in time of need. 
 Rifle qualification, extra pay. 
 
 (g) Improvised rods and thongs. Danger of using steel 
 or iron rods. 
 
 (h) Care of rifle at drill, on the march and in battle. 
 Danger of leaving it on the ground. Failure to function on 
 account of dust, dirt, and mud. 
 
 (i) Character of fouling of bore. 
 
 (j) Relative effect of injury to bore near muzzle and 
 breech. 
 
 (k) How to take rifle apart and put it together. (Per¬ 
 mission necessary to remove all except certain parts.) 
 
 55. B-2, physical drill. —Text: Manual of Physical Training. 
 
 Purpose: The objects of the course in physical training 
 are to impart to its recipients general bodily vigor, smartness, 
 activity, and precision. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: All should be required to attend 
 the drill. The scope and methods to be followed in this in¬ 
 struction are very completely covered by the Manual of 
 Physical Training and the instructions in it relative to the 
 schedule below will be observed in minutest detail. The 
 drills will be repeated in sequence. If the colonel believes 
 this drill to be given too soon after breakfast, he may inter¬ 
 change this period and that of the Infantry drill period. 
 
 The instructor should explain which muscles are to be 
 developed by different exercises, so that the drill will be more 
 interesting to the men. It will also help them to deter¬ 
 mine which exercises to go through out of drill hours if 
 they wish to develop a certain set of muscles. Two and four 
 count exercises should be given at first and the more com¬ 
 plicated ones after these have been understood. 
 
 Pick and shovel work may be substituted for any part of 
 the drill at the discretion of the colonel. Besides hardening 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL- Yin. 
 
 55 
 
 the hands and muscles, such exercise may be used to teach 
 the men to dig without lost motion or wasted effort, and to 
 make cuts or fills useful in connection with Engineer training. 
 
 Steps in training: Drills will be given in the following 
 order. Before going to drill the instructor should consult 
 the manual, if necessary, in order that he may be entirely 
 familiar with the work. In this drill, more than in any 
 other, lack of vigor, precision, and purpose will destroy the 
 object of the exercise. 
 
 First drill— 
 
 (1) Marching in quick and double time, flexion 
 
 marching. 
 
 (2) Setting-up exercises. 
 
 (3) Jumping exercises. 
 
 (4) Trunk and arm exercises. 
 
 Second drill— 
 
 (1) Exercises in marching, combined with arm and 
 
 leg exercises. 
 
 (2) Setting-up exercises, chiefly trunk exercises. 
 
 (3) Exercises in coordination. 
 
 (4) Stretching and breathing exercises. 
 
 Third drill— 
 
 (1) Double and quick time and marching exercises. 
 
 (2) Setting-up exercises, general. 
 
 (3) Rifle exercises. 
 
 (4) Jumping exercises. 
 
 (5) Stretching and breathing exercises. 
 
 Fourth drill— 
 
 (1) Running and walking. 
 
 (2) Setting-up exercises. 
 
 (3) Jumping trenches and clearing obstacles. 
 
 (4) Stretching and breathing exercises. 
 
 Eifth drill— 
 
 (1) Exercises while marching in quick and double 
 
 time. 
 
 (2) Coordination exercises in setting-up drill. 
 
 (3) Jumping trenches and clearing obstacles. 
 
 (4) Gymnastic contests. 
 
 (5) Stretching and breathing exercises. 
 
56 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 56. B-3 . Infantry drill. —Texts: Infantry Drill Regulations 
 and Training Infantry (Morrison). 
 
 Purpose: This drill is given to insure soldierly bearing, 
 discipline, proper conduct of marches, and a knowledge of 
 the principles of deployment and advance under fire. Engi¬ 
 neers go forward with the first wave of the attack and should 
 therefore be as skilled as Infantry in this part of the advance. 
 
 Equipment: Individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The attention of instructors is 
 called to the fact that their lack of zeal and energy will be 
 reflected in lack of precision in the execution of movements. 
 Commands should be given in clear rising tones which de¬ 
 mand attention and response. Drills should not be unduly 
 prolonged and should be varied as much as possible. 
 
 Signals will be given until troops are entirely familiar with 
 them. 
 
 The schools of the soldier and of the squad will be given 
 by squad instructors and noncommissioned officers, under 
 the direction of company officers. In order to expedite 
 matters the brighter and more adaptable recruits should be 
 combined, and those who are slower to learn placed in other 
 groups. This preference will excite comment and the back¬ 
 ward men will try harder to do well. 
 
 As soon as a fair degree of proficiency is attained in these 
 schools, the others will be taken up in succession. 
 
 Instructors, officers of proper grade. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Schools of soldier and squad. 
 Manual of Arms. The company will be divided into sections 
 corresponding to the number of instructors who are available. 
 As soon as the rudiments of the steps, facings, and marching 
 are learned; i. e., men can stay in ranks, they will be given 
 rifles and instructed in the manual of arms. 
 
 (2) School of the company. As soon as squad movements 
 can be executed with a fair degree of accuracy, this school 
 should be taken up. Its benefits are superior to (1) in that 
 better instructors are available to all and more interest is 
 developed in the larger movements. Extended order should 
 be given a part of the period as soon as the elements of close 
 order are learned. As discipline is more difficult to maintain 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 57 
 
 in this class of drill, it should not be attempted until atten¬ 
 tion and response are assured. 
 
 (3) School of company. Extended order on varied ground. 
 The advance, use of cover. 
 
 (4) School of the battalion. This should be attempted as 
 soon as the battalion commander believes the companies 
 capable. Too much time should not be spent in the school 
 of the company, as the details of company drill can be per¬ 
 fected in the school of the battalion. 
 
 (5) Elementary combat principles by extended order. 
 
 (6) The regiment. This drill should be undertaken only 
 when the others are fully understood. 
 
 57. B-4-a. Interior guard duty .—Texts: Manual of In¬ 
 terior Guard Duty, and Infantry Drill Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: In addition to providing an efficient interior 
 guard for the regiment, this training will supplement Infantry 
 drill, by increasing the quality of discipline of the troops. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. In case 
 the supply of manuals in the company is insufficient for the 
 need, the company commander should have the parts of it 
 relating to the various grades copied by typewriter or mimeo¬ 
 graph and distributed to the men concerned. 
 
 Method of instruction: The company wall be divided into 
 three guards, each under a lieutenant acting as officer of the 
 guard, the captain performing the duties of officer of the day. 
 Theoretical instruction and study will be followed by practical 
 application of the principles learned. Each noncommis¬ 
 sioned officer must learn the duties of the grade above him. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Division of the company into guards. 
 Distribution of manuals and instructions. Talk by lieu¬ 
 tenants on duties, as laid down in the preceding. General 
 supervision by captain. 
 
 (2) Posting reliefs. Parallel posts or quadrangles should 
 be staked out on the parade. Each guard will be divided 
 into three reliefs. While one is on post, the other two will 
 devote their time to study and questions under direction of 
 the noncommissioned officers. The lieutenant and captain, 
 by inspecting the reliefs, will see if the orders and duties are 
 
58 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 being learned. They will pay particular attention to these 
 points: 
 
 (a) Military bearing of sentinels. 
 
 ( b ) Proper execution of the Manual of Arms. 
 
 (c) Application of orders: What to do in case of fire; how 
 to proceed in case of disorder, suspicious persons near post, 
 escaping prisoners, etc.; how to ask for relief. 
 
 (d) See that sentinels know by name and sight the com¬ 
 manding officer and members of the guard detail. 
 
 ( e ) Require clear-cut answers to such general questions as 
 may come up in practice. 
 
 (3) Same as (2) simulating night work, require challeng¬ 
 ing. 
 
 (4) Simulate some of the conditions in (2) and (3). For 
 example, select certain noncommissioned officers to act as 
 marauders, drunks, etc. Proceed on the hypothesis that 
 certain houses are on fire, etc. Conduct some of this practice 
 at night. 
 
 (5) Duty over prisoners. Procedure at guard mounting, 
 at the guardhouse, and at work. Establish a certain area 
 for the guardhouse, have formal and informal guard mount¬ 
 ing. Designate two reliefs to act as prisoners and the other 
 to take charge of them. 
 
 (6) When the captain is satisfied that his company can 
 perform guard duty without damage or loss of property, 
 impairment of discipline, or loss of prisoners committed to 
 it, he will so notify the colonel. 
 
 58. B-Jf-b. Small-arms practice. —Texts: Infantry Drill 
 Regulations, Small-Arms Firing Manual, and Bull's-eye 
 Score Book. 
 
 Purpose: Small-arms training has for its object the 
 development of individuals capable of delivering an instan¬ 
 taneous, accurate, and quick fire on any target with the 
 weapons with which they are armed. It must also develop 
 good fire discipline. 
 
 Equipment: Individual equipment. Sighting bars, mark¬ 
 ers, and rifle rest can be made by placing a sand bag on a 
 small tripod or by using the bag alone. For prone rests 
 the box given in the manual is best. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL— Yin. 
 
 59 
 
 Method of instruction, general: The selection of the officer 
 to supervise the target instruction of the regiment as a 
 whole will depend upon the experience of the officers avail¬ 
 able, and will be a separate problem for each regiment. 
 The extent of this officer’s personal supervision will depend 
 on his own experience, and the experience of the officers 
 under him. In any case it will be desirable to stimulate as 
 much friendly rivalry as possible between the two battalions, 
 among the companies, and among the squads in each com¬ 
 pany. The best results are obtained when target practice 
 is made an essentially sporting proposition, and success can 
 not be attained unless each man takes a live interest in the 
 matter, and is willing to undergo the necessary training in 
 order to accomplish the desired result. Try to pick out 
 instructors who can keep up this interest. It is desirable 
 to have instructors who have had some experience on the 
 ran e, but remember that the best shots are not always the 
 best instructors. One officer in each company should be 
 given entire charge of the target instruction in the company. 
 For various reasons, the captain will sometimes find it 
 advisable to assign this work to a lieutenant. The captain 
 should personally supervise this work, however, and should 
 require all his lieutenants to take part in the instruction. 
 It will be successful in the same degree as zeal and interest 
 are shown by company officers. 
 
 Before a good shot can be developed, his muscles must be 
 trained in the mechanism of firing. For this reason, position 
 and aiming drills should be frequently given. They should, 
 however, be short. During the target season, it is suggested 
 that this drill be included in the calisthenics. 
 
 Method of instruction, rifle: The following method of 
 instruction has been found to be successful in practice. 
 Some modifications may be found desirable in particular 
 cases. Where the captain is mentioned below, it should be 
 understood to refer to a lieutenant if he has been assigned 
 to the instruction. 
 
 The individual instruction in the company should be 
 given by squads. A squad instructor, either a sergeant or 
 corporal, should be permanently assigned to each squad. 
 
60 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 The captain should personally instruct the squad instruc¬ 
 tors, going into details, in exactly the same way that he 
 wishes the squad instructors to instruct the individual men. 
 
 The theoretical instruction should be given entirely by 
 informal lectures or talks. The captain first lectures to the 
 squad instructors, giving practical illustrations wherever 
 possible. The squad instructors later repeat this instruc¬ 
 tion to their squads, being careful to bring out all essential 
 points. The captain should supervise the squad instruction, 
 going from squad to squad; if he keeps his ears open, he will 
 get a few good pointers himself, which he should later pass 
 on to the other squad instructors. If a squad instructor 
 fails to bring out some point, the captain should later call 
 his attention to it. 
 
 On suitable occasions, the captain may give the entire 
 company a short talk on target practice, its importance, 
 etc. The main part of the theoretical instruction is given 
 by the following 12 lectures, given by the captain to the 
 squad instructors, and by the squad instructors to the men. 
 Each lecture with its accompanying exercises will take 
 about half an hour. But as some instructors are slower 
 than others, three quarters of an hour should be allowed. 
 Sufficient information is given in the Manual for Target 
 Practice and Johnston’s Score Book to enable the captain to 
 prepare the lectures, especially if he has had some experi¬ 
 ence on the range. 
 
 Steps in training, rifle (subjects for lectures): (1) Impor¬ 
 tance of target practice. Necessity for Engineers. Outline 
 general methods and course of instruction. Practice on 
 range. Extra pay. 
 
 (2) Use and care of rifle. Illustrate practically. Use of 
 ammonia solution in rifle is not necessary provided bullet 
 is slightly greased with good automobile cup grease before 
 putting cartridge in rifle. 
 
 (3) Principles of sighting; focus of eye. 
 
 (4) Positions. Use of sling. Keep loop of sling well up 
 on arm near shoulder. Keep sling tight when shooting. 
 This will be somewhat uncomfortable at first, but will 
 damage no one who is not an invalid. End up the lecture 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 61 
 
 with a few sighting and snapping exercises, standing. Each 
 man should bring his own rifle to the instruction. During 
 all sighting exercises, or other exercises simulating condi¬ 
 tions on the range, the instructor should give his most 
 careful attention to correct position, proper holding of 
 breath, and other details of method, or peculiarities of the 
 individual men. Faults should be pointed out and cor¬ 
 rected, but an instructor will lessen his own value if he 
 scolds a man for mistakes which are due to his ignorance 
 and inexperience 
 
 (5) Rapid fire. Positions. Illustrate. End up lecture 
 with sighting and snapping exercises, kneeling. 
 
 (6) Rapid fire. Precautions. Time limit. Illustrate 
 proper method of inserting clip and operating bolt to prevent 
 jams. Caution the men that only practice before going to 
 range will enable them to correctly time their shots in rapid 
 fire. Sighting and snapping exercises, sitting. 
 
 (7) Zero of rifle. Adjusting sights. Explain carefully 
 the principles of sight setting. Sighting and snapping ex¬ 
 ercise, simulating rapid fire, sitting. 
 
 (8) Effect of wind. Minor effects of heat, light, etc. 
 Exercise in adjusting sights. In connection with the ques¬ 
 tion of sight setting, probably the best rule for the average 
 man on the range, in setting his sights for any shot, is to 
 correct for one-half the error of the preceding shot. Through¬ 
 out the instruction course, it is considered advisable to 
 require that the complete correction be made each time. 
 End up with sighting and snapping exercises, rapid fire, 
 sitting. 
 
 (9) Exercises in adjusting sights. Collective and indi¬ 
 vidual instruction, illustrated by practical problems. Sight¬ 
 ing and snapping exercises, rapid fire, sitting. 
 
 (10) Exercises in adjusting sights. Continue instruction 
 of previous lesson. Sighting and snapping exercises, rapid 
 fire, prone. 
 
 (11) Service in the pits. Explain the duties of the pit 
 details. Caution to place center of disk over shot hole in 
 marking. Sighting and snapping exercises, rapid fire, prone. 
 
62 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 (12) Use of score book. All men should be required to 
 use the score book. Johnston’s score book is recommended. 
 Sighting and snapping exercises, rapid fire, prone. 
 
 The above course is somewhat brief, but it can be made to 
 cover all the essentials of the theory. The men should be 
 encouraged in sighting and snapping exercises at odd mo¬ 
 ments, as before or after drill. For this purpose put up a 
 few miniature targets at convenient places. 
 
 The practical instruction should follow the same general 
 methods and organization that are used in the theoretical 
 instruction. Throughout this part of the course the in¬ 
 structors should always watch carefully for faults in holding, 
 breathing, etc. The men should fire with deliberation in 
 slow fire. Even in rapid fire sufficient time should be taken 
 to steady the rifle before each shot. 
 
 The following should be included in the practical in¬ 
 struction : 
 
 (1) Sighting exercises. Use some of the methods pre¬ 
 scribed in the manual to determine that each man has a 
 practical understanding of the principles of sighting. 
 
 (2) Triangles. As prescribed in manual. Minimum of 
 three per man. Additional triangles to determine error 
 where triangles are poor. 
 
 (3) Hollifield dotter. Have each man simulate rifle 
 known distance course. Watch position, etc. 
 
 (4) Gallery range. Have each man simulate marksman 
 course. Some gallery rifles are not accurate. A good 
 group of shots is as satisfactory as a good score. Watch 
 position, etc. Use sling properly, although improper use 
 will not affect results as much as on the range, where the 
 kick of the rifle is much greater. 
 
 (5) Range • practice. Instructors should assist men as 
 much as possible in the preliminary practice, watching to see 
 that they use correct methods, and attempting to locate the 
 trouble when the scores are not good. 
 
 Method of instruction, pistol: Methods of rifle training 
 apply to the pistol with some very self-evident modifications. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Nomenclature and care of pistol. 
 
 (2) Methods of holding and aiming. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 63 
 
 (3) Practice slow fire. 
 
 (4) Practice rapid fire 
 
 (5) Practice quick fire. 
 
 (6) Record practice. 
 
 59. B-4-c. Bayonet combat and trench or close combat .— 
 Texts: Manual of the Bayonet and Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 Purpose: Due to the nature of the duties which Engineer 
 troops must perform, they will not infrequently be called on 
 to defend themselves or assault with the bayonet or some 
 form of trench weapon. This instruction is to insure success 
 to the soldier in such combats. 
 
 Equipment: The company is furnished with fencing rifles 
 and bayonets, but if these should not be supplied a pole of 
 the correct length and weight will answer the purpose 
 equally well. The end should be suitably padded and pro¬ 
 tected to prevent injury to the fencers. Masks are pro¬ 
 vided and should be used invariably. Hand grenades, bombs, 
 etc., will be obtained from the supply officer. For instruc¬ 
 tion in throwing them trenches should be prepared and ser¬ 
 vice conditions should be approximated as nearly as possible. 
 Stones, cans, etc., can be advantageously used for drill pur¬ 
 poses in lieu of the actual missiles. 
 
 Method of instruction: The course of instruction in bayo¬ 
 net fighting teaches the mechanical movements which one 
 must learn to do subconsciously and then endeavors to give 
 the bout some of the aspects which a true combat possesses. 
 A certain amount of strength and agility are necessary to a 
 good bayonet fighter, and too much emphasis can not be 
 laid on nice execution of the foot movements, the various 
 thrusts and lunges. This work requires careful attention and 
 supervision by the instructors. For this reason the squads 
 should be small if efficient instruction is to be obtained. 
 
 In the following schedule, every effort should be made to 
 introduce competition among the men, squads, and platoons. 
 Bayonet fencing is an exciting sport and instructors should 
 take care not to turn it into a calisthenic drill. As long as 
 its true nature is maintained there will be no trouble in 
 obtaining good results. Lack of progress on the part of the 
 men shows a lack of zeal in the instructors. 
 
64 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 Steps in training (bayonet): (1) Instruction without rifle, 
 Part I, Bayonet Manual. 
 
 (2) Instruction with rifle with and without bayonet, Parts 
 II, III, and IV, Bayonet Manual. 
 
 (3) Fencing by direction of instructor, Parts V and VI, 
 Bayonet Manual. 
 
 (4) Fencing at will, groups of two, Part VII, Bayonet 
 Manual. 
 
 (5) Squad and platoon fencing on even and varied ground. 
 Attack and defense of trenches. 
 
 (6) Use of regulation bayonet. Attack on dummies 
 placed in different positions. The dummies should be placed 
 erect (swung from poles like football dummies), prone on 
 level ground, and prone on uneven ground. The object of 
 this drill is to put life into the movements and to demon¬ 
 strate the necessary force required to cause the bayonet to 
 pierce the object attacked, the difficulty of extracting the 
 bayonet after a touch, and other difficulties encountered in 
 actual combat. 
 
 Steps in training (bomb and grenade throwing): (1) 
 Physical exercises in throwing at targets on even ground and 
 from trenches or into trenches. 
 
 (2) Description of grenades, fuzing, effects. Bombs and 
 grenades containing the caps without the charge should be 
 used before service weapons are issued. Attacks on dum¬ 
 mies in trenches. Ordnance pamphlets, pages XXXII and 
 XXXIII (Addenda Engineer Field Manual, 1916). 
 
 Asphyxiating gas: No authoritative data on this subject 
 is available (Addenda Engineer Field Manual, 1916, pp. 
 XXXV and XXXVI). As soon as data are available, this 
 very important detail of trench warfare should be thoroughly 
 investigated. 
 
 60. B~4~d. First aid, hygiene , and litter drill.— Texts: 
 Military Hygiene (Ashburn), and Soldiers’ Handbook. 
 
 Purpose: The training in these subjects aims to give 
 enough knowledge of the principles of hygiene to enable the 
 soldier to realize the purpose of the various sanitary pre¬ 
 cautions taken, their importance and the necessity for their 
 observance. The first-aid and litter drills should give the 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 65 
 
 participants a thorough understanding of the most approved 
 methods of caring for wounded in so far as such duty falls 
 to line troops. 
 
 Equipment: Each company is provided with a litter. 
 The first-aid drill packet should be obtained from the 
 surgeon. If these are not available, the issue packet should 
 be used or bandages of the proper size should be obtained 
 from the surgeon. 
 
 Method of instruction: The course in hygiene should be 
 given first. This should be given by the surgeon or by one 
 of his assistants who is a good lecturer. The course in first 
 aid and litter drills should first be given by the surgeons to 
 the company officers and by them to their organizations. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Hygiene— 
 
 First lecture: Personal hygiene dealing especially with 
 care of feet, size of shoes, clean underwear, care of teeth, etc. 
 
 Second lecture: Venereal diseases. Venereal prophylaxis, 
 necessity for, and efficacy. 
 
 Third lecture: Camp diseases and epidemics, means of 
 prevention. 
 
 ( а ) Water-borne diseases: Description of use of Lister 
 water bag and Darnel filter; necessity for boiling water con¬ 
 taining magnesium or other substances which will combine 
 with and render inert the purifying compound furnished for 
 the Lister bag. The talk should include a description of 
 water which may or may not be drunk with safety. 
 
 (б) Insect-borne diseases: Fly, mosquito, lice, etc. 
 
 (c) Contact or human carrier diseases. 
 
 These lectures should be given to groups of not over 350 
 men (two companies). Every man in the regiment, includ¬ 
 ing all officers, should be required to attend each lecture. 
 The lectures should avoid technicalities and should be given 
 in such a way as to be understood by those of least educa¬ 
 tion and understanding. The fact that the success of all 
 undertakings will depend on the health of the command 
 must be impressed on the audience. 
 
 (2) Practical instruction of the company officers in first 
 aid and litter drill by the surgeon and sanitary troops, 
 
 104121—17-5 
 
66 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (3) Instruction of the companies in these drills by their 
 officers. The Soldiers’ Handbook contains the subject mat¬ 
 ter to be taught in these drills. 
 
 61. B-Jf-e. Tent pitching and individual cooking .—Text: 
 Infantry Drill Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: Upon the completion of this training, the regi¬ 
 ment should be able to pitch all kinds of tents furnished it, 
 in the most efficient and expeditious manner. 
 
 All members of the command should be able to cook the 
 reserve ration and such parts of the field ration as can be 
 handled in the individual mess kits. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. Ra¬ 
 tions to be drawn by the regimental supply officer. 
 
 Method of training: Instruction in tent pitching should 
 be given by platoon. As soon as the members of the pla¬ 
 toons have learned their duties the company will be united 
 for purposes of competition under the immediate super¬ 
 vision of the captain. 
 
 Cooking will be taught by platoons. 
 
 Number of platoons for both kinds of training is three. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Shelter tents: Each lieutenant,after 
 having caused his platoon to take intervals preparatory to 
 pitching tents, will cause one file to step to the front, where 
 the men can be seen by ail in ranks. He will then give the 
 commands for pitching tents and go through the operations 
 one by one, using the file out of ranks for demonstration. 
 
 When they have a fairly good grasp of the subject, he will 
 begin to keep time on the various squads, always announcing 
 the time and the first squad through. In no case will he 
 , allow a tent with a sagging ridge, or otherwise badly con¬ 
 structed, to stand. 
 
 After all the platoons are fairly competent, the company 
 will be united. The captain will then keep time on the 
 platoons. Competition is a great stimulus in this kind of 
 work. 
 
 (2) Similar methods with pyramidal tents. 
 
 (3) Pitching wall tents. 
 
 (4) Cooking: The lieutenants assemble their platoons^and 
 give a short talk on the different kinds of rations, where pro- 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 67 
 
 cured, when eaten, etc. The captain assigns the mess ser¬ 
 geant to one platoon and a cook to each of the others. 
 
 (a) Fires. Materials for making and lighting fires, shelter¬ 
 ing them from wind and rain. This is made the subject of a 
 demonstration by the lieutenants. 
 
 (b) Reserve ration. How cooked—demonstrated by the 
 cooks. 
 
 (c) Cooking reserve ration by men. 
 
 (d) Further demonstration and practice with components 
 of field ration. 
 
 (e) Cleaning and care of mess kits—talk and demonstra¬ 
 tion by the lieutenants. 
 
 [Note. —Men should be allowed no luncheon except that of their cooking on these 
 days. Drill grounds should be scrupulously policed.] 
 
 62. B-4-f- Company on service of security. —Texts: In¬ 
 fantry Drill Regulations and Field Service Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: As a general rule, engineers will not be called on 
 to furnish their own security. When this does occur, how¬ 
 ever, they should be skilled in patroling, advanced guard, 
 and outpost duty. Interior guards are dealt with in another 
 section of the Manual. 
 
 It is to give the necessary skill mentioned above that this 
 training is introduced. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: Instruction will be by company 
 under company officers until the purpose and mechanism of 
 the formations are understood. 
 
 The companies will then be combined to form larger units. 
 
 Steps in training. —(1) Patrolling. The company will be 
 told the essentials of good patrolling, then divided into small 
 patrols and each given a mission. Patrol leaders must un¬ 
 derstand the reasons for the existence of their commands, 
 and have a clear and definite idea of their mission. The cap¬ 
 tains by inspection of the patrols, using one against the other 
 and examination of reports will determine how well the work 
 is being done. 
 
 (2) Security on the march. (Pars. 596-622, 636-660, 
 I. D. R. Chapter on security, F. S. R.) No march should 
 
68 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 be begun without assuming some tactical situation. This 
 should be explained to the noncommissioned officers by the 
 captain and they should endeavor to give the men enough 
 detail to keep up their interest in the work. Avoid giving 
 new formations and new principles until those previously 
 given have been assimilated and understood. 
 
 (3) Security in camp. (Pars. 678-707, I. D. It. Chapter 
 on security, F. S. R.) The captain should bear in mind that 
 the duties of an outpost are to secure the uninterrupted rest 
 of his command and he should make his dispositions accord¬ 
 ingly. While this is practically impossible with a small com¬ 
 mand he should bend every effort toward prevention of sur¬ 
 prise or capture. 
 
 (4) Company acting as part of a larger body of troops. 
 The duties of the company on the march will be regulated, of 
 course, by higher authority. It therefore becomes the 
 company commander’s duty to apply the principles learned 
 in (1), (2), and (3) to the solution of problems presented to 
 him by his superiors. It is always best to have an enemy 
 represented so that conditions of actual warfare may be more 
 exactly simulated. 
 
 63. B-5. Applicatory problems and tests. —-Texts: Infantry 
 Drill Regulations and Service Schools’ Publications. 
 
 Purpose: This training is to give a few practical applica¬ 
 tions of the principles set forth in B-4-f. 
 
 Equipment; Company and individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The company will first be divided 
 into small groups for the solution of the simpler problems. 
 These will be combined later for the solution of platoon and 
 company problems. The instructor will first explain the 
 problems for the day and by inspection of the parties and 
 their reports complete the instruction. 
 
 The enemy is to be represented and the troops are to be 
 used against one another whenever practicable. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Small patrols, 2 to 8 men. Engi¬ 
 neer reconnaissance. 
 
 (a) Against railroad: To determine best method of put¬ 
 ting same out of action. Exact location of bridges, cul¬ 
 verts, switches, etc. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 69 
 
 ( b) Against groups of buildings: Number and location, 
 whether or not they should be occupied and improved for 
 defense. 
 
 (c) Against canal or water course: Inundation of sur¬ 
 rounding land. Location of locks and dams. 
 
 (2) Small patrols, 2 to 8 men. Tactical reconnaissance. 
 
 (a) Defensive position: Pick out and locate. 
 
 ( b ) Offensive position: Pick out and locate. 
 
 (c) River crossing: Pick several out with reference to 
 assumed position of the enemy. 
 
 (d) Mountain pass: Locate line of advance. 
 
 (e) Occupation of wood: Method of attack to be deter¬ 
 mined. 
 
 (3) Large patrols, platoon. Same as above in (1) and 
 
 (2), using larger area. 
 
 (4) Advance guard: For single company; for larger unit 
 to include regiment. 
 
 (5) Flank guard: Same as for (4). 
 
 (6) Rear guard: Same as for (4). 
 
 (7) Outposts: Small groups, pickets, sentry squads, and 
 cossack posts. 
 
 (8) Organization of outpost supports and reserve. 
 
 (9) Method of attack on small town or group of buildings. 
 
 (10) Same as all of above, giving drills at night. 
 
 64. B-6. Ceremonies. —Texts: Infantry Drill Regulations, 
 Army Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: Ceremonies are of value chiefly in that they give 
 higher commanders an insight into the discipline of the 
 organization. A further purpose is that they allow the men 
 to see what they themselves can do in marching and what 
 other companies can do, and thus promote esprit de corps. 
 
 Equipment: Individual and company equipment, colors. 
 
 Method of instruction: The ceremonies should first be 
 tried at drill without music, and when the formations are 
 understood, at the proper time with the band. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Battalion parade. 
 
 (2) Battalion review. 
 
 (3) Regimental parade. 
 
 (4) Regimental review. 
 
70 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 (5) One escort to the color may be substituted for a 
 parade at the discretion of the colonel. 
 
 65. B-7. Mounted drill and care of animals for mounted sec¬ 
 tions. —Text: Cavalry Drill Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: The object of this drill is to make the individual 
 a good military horseman (par. 175, C. D. R. except par. d) 
 and the platoon an exceptionally mobile unit which will be 
 able to execute Engineer works at a distance with the great¬ 
 est dispatch. The platoon should be schooled in combina¬ 
 tion with those from not over three other companies in troop 
 movements, so that when they are combined for Engineer 
 operations the units will be able to operate efficiently and 
 without confusion. 
 
 Equipment: Company and individual equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The special instructor in charge of 
 mounted work will be selected with reference to his qualifi¬ 
 cations and particularly his interest in such duty. An ex¬ 
 perienced instructor without enthusiasm is not so good as 
 one with less experience but more enthusiasm for the work. 
 
 In addition to the work mentioned above, the platoon 
 should receive instruction in the pistol attack, dismounted 
 action, and the service of security and information. 
 
 On being assigned to this work every officer should obtain 
 from the Army Service School Press a copy of the 1917 In¬ 
 struction in Equitation. This contains many valuable sug¬ 
 gestions which will be followed during the preliminary train¬ 
 ing and in the school of the troops. Instructors will study 
 and comply with the provisions of paragraphs 4 and 5, 
 C. D. R. Their attention is also directed to paragraphs 11, 
 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22-31, such parts of paragraphs 34-50 
 as relate to mounted drill. Every horseman and every horse 
 will, of course, require special treatment, but wide departures 
 from the Equitation Manual and Drill Regulations wili not 
 be countenanced. Sections are to be combined so that they 
 will all receive instruction from the best instructor in the 
 battalion. 
 
 Instruction at stables: The officer in each platoon should 
 give an informal 10-minute talk before stables each day on 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 71 
 
 one of the subjects given below. He should encourage 
 questions both before and after feeding and grooming but 
 not while these duties are being performed. Whenever any 
 ailment is found among the horses, he should explain the 
 cause, nature, remedy, and methods of preventing same. He 
 should not permit questions on subjects other than those 
 relating to the care and treatment of horses and their equip¬ 
 ment. The talks should be continued until they are mani¬ 
 festly unnecessary. 
 
 Steps in training: Sequence of talks at stables. (1) 
 Conformation and points of the horse. 
 
 (2) Rules for the care of the horse (par. 966, C. D. R.) 
 will be posted in stables until understood by all concerned. 
 
 (3) Necessity for good stable management and careful 
 grooming. 
 
 (4) Feeding and watering in camp and on the march. 
 
 (5) Minor ailments, how prevented and cured. 
 
 Sequence of drills: 1 (1) School of the trooper, mounted, 
 
 C. D. R. paragraphs 172-320. (Follow schedules in pars. 
 176-223; 268-300.) Devote a part of every drill period to 
 this school. For the first two periods nothing else should be 
 taught. For the next two, one-half the period should be. 
 devoted to this end and one-half to the school of the squad 
 
 (2) School of squad. Part II, third and fourth periods and 
 in succeeding ones in so much as the squad movements are 
 incorporated in platoon movements. 
 
 (3) Platoon and troop drill, Part III. Throughout re¬ 
 maining periods troop drill should be given a part of a period 
 as often as the senior battalion instructor deems advisable. 
 
 C. General service training schools. 
 
 66. C-l. Mess sergeants’ and cooks’ school. —Texts: Army 
 Cooks’ Manual; Army Bakers’ Manual; Mess Sergeants’ 
 Handbook; Army Regulations; Blank Forms; Handling 
 Straight Army Ration; Mess Account Book (Frink). 
 
 1 For mounted battalions the drills will be modified by beginning with the foot movements prescribed 
 an the Cavalry Drill Regulations. Mounted instruction will begin, however, on the day following the 
 first dismounted drill. 
 
72 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Purpose: This school is to provide men who can furnish 
 the company with well-prepared and appetizing food, in 
 the most economical manner possible. 
 
 Equipment: Tent, company mess equipment, writing 
 material, textbooks. 
 
 Method of instruction: The instructor w T ill give a talk ex¬ 
 plaining the day’s work and then cause the individuals to 
 perform the labor. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Components of ration: Both mess 
 sergeants and cooks should be instructed in the components 
 of the garrison, field, and emergency ration and the use of 
 each. 
 
 (2) Menus: The methods for preparing suitable menus 
 should be studied. These should provide a propeily varied 
 diet and the utilization of the entire ration and requiie as 
 little additional subsistence stores as practicable. The 
 question of the quantity of supplies necessary to furnish 
 meals in accordance with these menus, for a given strength 
 of the company, should also be studied. 
 
 (3) Meats: Inspection, butchering, curing, storage, and 
 preparation for cooking. 
 
 (4) Vegetables: Preparation for cooking. 
 
 (5) Breads, pastry, and deserts: Mixing. 
 
 (6) Cooking: A course in practical cooking should be taken 
 by the cooks and closely followed by the mess sergeants. 
 This course should aim particularly to teach principles not 
 actually applied in restaurants; to avoid waste; and to 
 secure the proper degree of flavoring, etc. The course 
 should be conducted both with the ordinary field range and 
 with the lightest type cooking equipment which it is probable 
 the company may take into the field. It should also include 
 the construction and operation of field ovens for baking 
 bread. Cooking will be studied in the following order: 
 
 Meats. 
 
 Vegetables. 
 
 Bread, pastry, etc. 
 
 (7) Construction of field ovens. Brick, masonry, and mud, 
 
 (8) Kitchen management. This course should be followed 
 by the mess sergeant, and the cooks should be instructed in 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 73 
 
 the necessary operations of it. It should include such 
 matters as instructions for kitchen police, methods for clean¬ 
 ing all kitchen ware and mess gear under field conditions, 
 and above all, proper care, use, and cleaning of dish towels. 
 
 (9) Accounts and management. Mess sergeants should be 
 taught the proper methods of keeping their accounts and 
 how to determine the funds probably available. In par¬ 
 ticular they must be impressed with the importance of accu¬ 
 racy in keeping accounts, of cooperation in the kitchen per¬ 
 sonnel, and of cooperation with the company commander. 
 They should also be instructed as to their responsibility con¬ 
 cerning the proper cooking and serving of food. 
 
 67. C-2. First sergeants’ and clerks’ school. —Texts: Books 
 of record in company office; forms given in Appendix 2 of 
 this Manual. 
 
 Purpose: This school is intended to minimize the errors in 
 official correspondence, to insure proper and prompt trans¬ 
 mission of orders, proper posting, filing, and keeping of 
 official records, orders, and correspondence, and, in short, to 
 produce efficient office work. 
 
 Equipment: The required blank forms will be furnished by 
 the regimental supply officer. Manuals, regulations, etc.,, 
 will be brought to class by the students. 
 
 Method of instruction: Instruction will cover first those sub¬ 
 jects which are common to all offices in the regiment and then 
 proceed to matters handled only by battalion and regiment 
 headquarters. Special stress will be placed on field forms. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Lecture on necessity for keeping 
 correspondence, records, etc., up to date and according to 
 regulations. 
 
 (2) Military correspondence. Forms for letters, channels 
 through which they are sent, number of copies, office marks, 
 inclosures. 
 
 (3) Orders, special orders, general orders, field orders. 
 Subject matter, form, how authenticated, by whom issued, 
 to whom issued, numbering. 
 
 (4) Books of record. Morning report, correspondence book, 
 sick report, etc. Files, purpose, method of keeping, what is 
 required to be kept and for how long, in each of the offices. 
 
74 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (5) Soldiers’ accounts. Pay account, clothing, ordnance, 
 and other property issued him. Pay rolls. 
 
 (6) Study of Appendix 2 of this Manual. Test of knowl¬ 
 edge by having students make out all forms and reports 
 given therein. This work should be conducted as follows: 
 Each class period should be a small edition of a complete 
 day’s work. The men should be required to start the day 
 with sick and morning report, and then the day’s corre¬ 
 spondence should be given to the first sergeant and he and 
 his clerks required to handle it. Soldiers will be assumed 
 to be discharged or have charges preferred against them 
 under a variety of hypothetical circumstances. 
 
 (7) Instruction in keeping regulations and manuals up to 
 date. Interpolating changes and additions. 
 
 (8) Study in connection with the above, and supplemen¬ 
 tary to it, all paragraphs of Army Regulations, general 
 orders, etc., cited in Appendix 2 of this Manual. 
 
 68. C-3. Supply sergeants’ school. —Texts: Army Regula¬ 
 tions; various blank forms given in Appendix 2. 
 
 Purpose: The school must develop men familiar with 
 accountability and responsibility for, and the source, method 
 of procurement, transfer, and issue of property furnished for 
 the use of the regiment. They should be taught to care for, 
 make minor repairs to, and handle in the most expeditious 
 manner the property in their charge. 
 
 Equipment: Forms furnished by the regimental supply 
 officer; regulations and manuals brought to class by stu¬ 
 dents. 
 
 Method of training: The instructor should explain meth¬ 
 ods and forms and then require the students to fill them in. 
 
 He should pay particular attention to the method of keep¬ 
 ing track of property. He must impress on the students 
 the necessity for keeping an abstract of memorandum re¬ 
 ceipts and property account up to date. He must show that 
 this is necessary, particularly where quick and frequent 
 transfers of property are taking place, as in war time. 
 
 The supply sergeant should be able to tell the exact loca¬ 
 tion of every article for which he is responsible. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 75 
 
 In the field his duties will be these of a construction store¬ 
 keeper. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Source. Division of property into 
 classes—Engineer, Ordnance, Quartermaster, and Signal. 
 Outline of the class of property furnished by each. (See 
 Appendix 1 for publications giving lists of property.) Ex¬ 
 plain what is to be obtained from regimental supply officer 
 and the various depots and officers from whom he obtains 
 his supplies. 
 
 (2) Method of procurement. Requisitions, ration and 
 forage returns, informal requests. 
 
 (3) Accountability and responsibility. Remember that 
 under the new system the regimental supply officer is che 
 only accountable officer in the regiment. All others hold 
 their property from him on memorandum receipt. Explain 
 difference between an invoice and memorandum receipt; be¬ 
 tween nonexpendable and expendable property; how r prop¬ 
 erty can be dropped; relief from accountability and respon¬ 
 sibility. (Inspector, boards of survey, etc.) Outline sys¬ 
 tem of returns, invoices, and receipts in different depart¬ 
 ments. Call attention to the fact that the Quartermaster 
 keeps a running account, whereas the other departments 
 close theirs semiannually. (Appendices 1 and 2.) Explain 
 the system of keeping the soldiers’ individual accounts 
 (Forms, Appendix 2), and what is done when he loses or 
 destroys some of his equipment or damages Government 
 property. 
 
 (4) Transfer and issue of property. 
 
 (a) By regimental supply officer. By invoice and receipt. 
 By memorandum receipt. 
 
 ( b ) By company clerk. On memorandum receipt. 
 
 (5) Blank forms (Appendix 2). Number of copies, desti¬ 
 nation of each, how many signed, where filed. 
 
 (a) Returns. 
 
 (b) Property accounts. 
 
 (c) Invoices. 
 
 (d) Receipts. 
 
 ( e ) Requests. 
 
76 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (6) Method of issue, practical. Do not wait until a detail 
 arrives before unloading tool wagons. Have tools in piles 
 ready for issue to prevent confusion. Put a man in charge 
 of each tool wagon. Explain care of tools and equipment 
 and how to make minor repairs. Particular attention must 
 be paid to field and campaign conditions. 
 
 69. C~4- Stable sergeants’and farriers’school. —Tests: Cav¬ 
 alry Drill Regulations; The Army Horse in Accident and 
 Disease. In addition to the above Government publications, 
 Carter’s Horses, Saddles, and Bridles, and Marshall’s Hip- 
 pology are valuable. 
 
 Purpose: This school is to develop men fitted to cope with 
 the regular routine and problems which arise in the care and 
 treatment of horses and mules. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: A short talk on the scope of the 
 day’s work will be followed by practical demonstrations. 
 The stable sergeant should be able to perform every duty 
 devolving on a member of the mounted section better than 
 any man in it. The instructor should, therefore, lay par¬ 
 ticular stress on the actual doing of the work. After the 
 talk the class will be divided into groups of two or three 
 men and assigned to tasks which will be performed by the 
 individuals in rotation. 
 
 The instruction will be given at the company stables in 
 rotation, so that the students will become familiar with the 
 cleanliness and management of stables belonging to other 
 organizations and with a large number of horses. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Stable management. Arrangement 
 of animals, feed, and equipment; administration and disci¬ 
 pline; guard and orderlies; forage returns and daily reports. 
 
 (2) Feeding, watering, and bedding: How to select good 
 oats and grain; best kinds of hay, how distinguished; when 
 and how much to feed; corn as a substitiue for oats; when 
 to water; change of bedding, when allowed (particular atten¬ 
 tion to march conditions). 
 
 (3) Grooming and general care of animals: Use of comb, 
 cloth, and brush, horse covers; what to do when overheated, 
 etc.; rules to be observed while grooming. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 77 
 
 (4) Anatomy. Points and conformation. 
 
 (5) Anatomy— 
 
 Skeleton. 
 
 Muscles. 
 
 Breathing apparatus. 
 
 Circulatory apparatus. 
 
 Digestive apparatus. 
 
 Nervous system. 
 
 Head. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Back. 
 
 Coat, care of, etc. 
 
 (6) Medicines and bandages. Nomenclature and appli¬ 
 cation. 
 
 (7) Simpler diseases. Sores and sprains, treatment. 
 
 (8) Serious diseases. Symptoms and first aid. When to 
 call veterinary. 
 
 (9) Leather. Care and repair of equipment, location of 
 spare parts. 
 
 (10) Saddles and bridles. Fitting saddles, bridles, and 
 bits. 
 
 (11) Wagons. Greasing, improvised jacks; repairing and 
 replacing broken parts; source of spare parts; equipment 
 carried on wagons. 
 
 (12) Picket lines. Location, erection, ditching and eleva¬ 
 tion in wet ground, police, burning and other sanitary 
 measures. 
 
 (13) Disposal of ordure, cremation of waste, exchange to 
 farmers for mess stores, etc. 
 
 70. C-5. Packers’ school. —Texts: Engineer Field Manual 
 and Addenda, - 1916; Manual of Pack Transportation; The 
 Army Horse in Accident and Disease. 
 
 Purpose: This instruction is to enable the pack train to 
 deliver its load at the point needed, at the proper time and 
 in good condition. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment. Note that eight mules 
 and aparejos are provided and only five Engineer packs. 
 The three extra mules are for carrying grain or unusual sup¬ 
 plies and equipment. 
 
78 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 The McClellan saddle can be used for packing light loads 
 and with a little care it will give very efficient service. 
 
 Special pack devices will be found in Chapter VIII, Manual 
 of Pack Transportation. 
 
 Methods of instruction: During steps 1 to 8 the class will 
 first be given a short talk on the subject of the day’s work 
 and then be assigned to tasks and animals in groups of two 
 men. During the remainder of the course the instruction 
 will be by groups, each composed of a company pack section. 
 The lieutenants in command of the mounted sections should 
 be present whenever possible. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Conformation, grooming, use of comb, 
 cloth, and'brush. 
 
 (2) Simpler ailments of mules. Symptoms and first aid 
 for more serious troubles; when to call farrier and veterinary. 
 
 (3) Picket lines and picketing. How erected, drainage 
 and police. 
 
 (4) Aparejos, bridles, and halters. Nomenclature, descrip¬ 
 tion, how fitted; saddling up; cause of bunches and saddle 
 sores; how avoided. 
 
 (5) Ropes and Engineer packs. Coiling, splicing, and lash¬ 
 ings. Loading Engineer packs. 
 
 (6) Grain loads: throwing double hitch. 
 
 (7) Miscellaneous loads: picks, shovels, bars, rations, etc. 
 
 (8) Special devices. McClellan saddle, saw buck saddle. 
 
 (9) Organization of train. Duties of packers on march 
 and in camp. 
 
 (10) Review of (6), (7), and (8). 
 
 (11) Short marches. These are especially valuable, as the 
 packers’ mistakes become very apparent, slipshod lashings 
 give way, and the effects of poor and unequal loads become 
 evident. 
 
 (12) Care, repair, and construction of saddles, etc. Par¬ 
 ticular attention should be paid to proper methods of stuffing 
 aparejos. 
 
 71. C-6. School for buglers and orderlies .— Visual signal¬ 
 ing. —Texts: Infantry Drill Regulations; Cavalry Drill Reg¬ 
 ulations; Uniform Regulations. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 79 1 
 
 Purpose: This school must turn out musicians able to 
 sound the service and special calls, and to send and receive 
 messages efficiently by the means furnished the company and 
 provided for in the Infantry Drill Regulations. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: Instruction is given by the sergeant 
 bugler under the supervision of an officer specially qualified 
 in these subjects. All buglers in the regiment and two- 
 alternates from each company will attend the school. 
 
 Part of the drill period will be devoted to music and part 
 to signaling. Instruction in work as orderly will be obtained 
 by informal talks on military courtesy, soldierly bearing, 
 insignia of rank, and procedure to gain admittance to various 
 offices. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Wigwag. Alphabet. 
 
 (2) Wigwag. Sending and receiving; numbers and special 
 signals. 
 
 (3) Semaphore. Alphabet. 
 
 (4) Semaphore. Sending and receiving; numbers and 
 special signals. 
 
 The following should be given at the same time as the signal 
 training: 
 
 (1) Instruction in method of blowing a trumpet, breathing 
 and position of lips. 
 
 (2) Service calls. (C. D. R., par. 994; C. D. R., par. 996.) 
 
 Alarm calls. (C. D. R., par. 993.) 
 
 (3) Drill and field calls C. D. R., paragraphs 996, 995. 
 
 Musicians should be required to study the signal codes 
 
 outside of drill hours. 
 
 72. C-7. Horseshoers’ and saddlers’ schools. —Text: The 
 Army Horseshoer. 
 
 Purpose: This school should provide enough men to keep 
 the animals of the regiment properly shod and the horse 
 equipment in good repair. 
 
 Equipment: Battalion and company blacksmith and horse 
 shoeing outfits and the company saddler’s outfit. 
 
 Method of instruction: The class should be divided into 
 two groups, horseshoers in one and saddlers in the other. 
 
•80 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Instructors will first give a talk on the day’s work and then 
 require each man to perform the various operations required. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Horseshoers’ instruction. 
 
 (a) Tools and their uses. (Chs. I and II, Army Horse- 
 shoer.) The fire. 
 
 ( b ) Working and shaping iron. A lead bar can be used to 
 advantage in this work to show the forms. Its use will save 
 the time ordinarily taken in heating. 
 
 (c) Anatomy and physiology of horses’ feet. (Ch. IV, 
 Army Horseshoer). 
 
 (d) Normal shoeing. 
 
 ( e ) Gaits. Shoeing to confirm, or alter same; faults in 
 gaits; shoeing to correct same; making special shoes for gaits. 
 
 ( f ) Diseases of the foot: Cause, symptoms, treatment; 
 pathological shoeing, making pathological shoes. 
 
 (2) Saddlers’ instruction. 
 
 (a) Tools and their uses; leather, nature, how to tell good 
 from bad. 
 
 ( b ) Splitting and cutting, leather punches. 
 
 (c) Use of awl, sewing. 
 
 (d) Making simpler parts of equipment, stirrup leathers, 
 etc.; riveting. 
 
 (e) Fitting leather over tree; working leather with cloth, 
 wood, and steel. 
 
 D. General engineer training schools. 
 
 73. Individual instruction in the various schools (D) is 
 commenced early in the course and continued until it is about 
 over. All of the men attend these schools. 
 
 In the first assignment to classes it would be web to pick 
 the men for subjects analogous to their civil life vocation, 
 which would enable them to become military specialists in the 
 shortest possible time. When proficiency has been attained, 
 transfers should be made within each “ group ” of schools, and 
 if possible each man should be put through at least two 
 courses, but attainment of practical proficiency shoiud not be 
 sacrificed to this end. The map reproduction school may be 
 continued indefinitely. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 81 
 
 All the companies should be drawn upon for the necessary 
 equipment for :hcse schools, and the first day’s work should 
 consist in preparing equipment for use and in obtaining the 
 necessary materials. One member of each class should be 
 detailed as property man to assist the instructor in caring for 
 the equipment and tools. It is suggested that a storage tent, 
 a hospital tent, or other shelter be provided for each school, 
 for the storage of tools and equipment, and for such work as 
 can be conducted indoors. These tents should not be on the 
 company streets but should be within the chain of sentinels. 
 The schools should be grouped sufficiently close together to 
 enable easy supervision by the major in charge of the work. 
 
 74. D-l. Riggers’ school. —Text: Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 Purpose: This school will provide expert riggers and lashers 
 for the different companies. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The instructor will see that each 
 man is provided with a piece of three-quarter inch rope of 
 sufficient length and the necessary number of spars. He will 
 give demonstrations of the proper way to tie the knots and 
 then walk among the men giving aid and making suggestions. 
 About three or four knots or lashings will be given per day 
 and those already covered will be reviewed until the men are 
 expert in making them. All these things should be noticed 
 until the men become so proficient as to do the work by force 
 of habit and instinct. The uses of the various knots and 
 lashings should be demonstrated by the erection of derricks, 
 gins, shears, pile drivers, and lashed trestle bents. The lash¬ 
 ings should be applied in all sizes. Application of knots and 
 round bights should be demonstrated by the handling of rafts, 
 scows, and ponton boats in swift current. A good exercise 
 in speed, typical of methods which may be adapted to other 
 subjects, is to give three men a bit of rope and have them 
 start to walk away with it; then require another man to pick 
 up the moving rope, snub it, and make it fast to a post or 
 tree, the three attempting to prevent him from doing so by 
 pulling on the rope. The power of holdfast should be demon- 
 104121—17 6 
 
82 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 strated by pulling also. The increased pull through the use 
 of power should be demonstrated. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Knots, page 164, to include “Crown 
 on wall,” page 171, Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 (2) Splices, pages 170 and 171, Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 (3) Lashings, pages 171 and 172, Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 (4) Blocks and tackle, pages 172 to 176, Engineer Field 
 Manual. 
 
 75. D-2. Ponton school. —Texts: Engineer Field Manual. 
 Ponton Manual. 
 
 Purpose: This school is to develop expert lashers and men 
 who are adept in loading and unloading ponton material, 
 in arranging and assembling it, and in launching boats. 
 
 Equipment: Ponton equipment will not always be avail¬ 
 able. If assigned to the regiment the division may be given 
 to one company or be kept by the supply officer. In any 
 case, the instructor should have such parts of it as are needed 
 in this training transferred to him on memorandum receipt. 
 
 Method of instruction: The schedule given under “Steps 
 in training” is for complete ponton training. This school, 
 aiming to give instruction in detail, should spend most time 
 on steps 1 and 2a. The other steps belong more properly 
 to company training, but should be undertaken if the 
 progress warrants it. 
 
 When the details report to the instructor he should com¬ 
 bine them to act as a ponton company. As groups become 
 proficient in their duties, they should be interchanged. 
 This should be continued until all are familiar with all parts 
 of the drill. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Work on shore: 
 
 (a) Loading and unloading equipment. For this purpose 
 the details from three companies will be assigned to ponton 
 wagons, those from two companies to chess wagons, and 
 that from the remaining company to a trestle wagon. 
 
 ( b ) (i) Erection of trestles, two companies. 
 
 (ii) Balk lashings, two companies. 
 
 (iii) Side-rail lashings, two companies. 
 
 (2) Work afloat: 
 
 (a) The class should be re-formed and divided according 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 83 
 
 to the table on page 65 of the manual. The instructor 
 should then build a bridge by successive pontons. He 
 should be on the alert to assist and direct those groups 
 whose lack of progress is holding up the work. He should 
 cause these men to repeat their tasks until they can be 
 accomplished with celerity. When all have become familiar 
 with their duties the bridge should be rebuilt. The details 
 should then be changed and the work repeated. 
 
 (b) Construction of bridge by parts. 
 
 (c) Construction of bridge by rafts. Construction and 
 operation of draw. 
 
 (d) If site is available the method by conversion should 
 be attempted. 
 
 76. D-3. Rowing school. —Purpose: The single object of 
 this school is to develop men suitable for the anchor details 
 in ponton bridge work. They should be schooled until 
 thoroughly proficient in handling oars and paddles, in mak¬ 
 ing up anchor line, and in mooring boats under the most 
 severe current conditions. 
 
 Equipment: Upon reporting for duty the instructor should 
 divide the class into groups of six and assign each to a 
 ponton in charge of a special instructor. 
 
 Method of instruction: He will pursue the instruction 
 exactly as it is laid down in the school of the pontonier 
 in the manual. This can not be improved on. 
 
 Steps in training: When the men become adept in han¬ 
 dling the oar, instruction in the school of the boat will be 
 given. When the boat can be adeptly handled, instruction 
 in mooring it in different positions will be given. A current 
 may be simulated by towing the boat. When this has been 
 mastered instruction will be given as follows: 
 
 (1) Nomenclature and use of calking materials and tools 
 will be taught. 
 
 (2) A boat with open seams should be given to the students 
 and placed in repair by them, each being required to do a 
 part of the work. 
 
 77. D~4- Bridge carpentry school. —Texts: Engineer Field 
 Manual. Trautwine, Kidder, or other standard handbooks. 
 
84 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Purpose: This school is intended to develop men who are 
 skilled in the carpentry work connected with construction 
 of trestle bridges of all kinds and heavy timberwork con¬ 
 nected with construction. They should all be drilled in the 
 use of the ax, adz, and crosscut saw, should learn to use 
 drift bolts, and should practice in laying out joints and in 
 the methods of handling square and round timbers. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment. If on a Government 
 reservation, round timber can probably be obtained by felling 
 trees. If on leased land, timber of all kinds will have to 
 be obtained through the regimental supply officer. 
 
 Method of instruction: Carpenter squads should consist 
 of not more than one noncommissioned officer and four 
 privates. Work should begin with scrap timber. Full- 
 size timber should be cut if available. The time allotted 
 to this work is not sufficient to permit framing on one-half 
 or one-fourth scale as a preliminary to full scale work. If, 
 howei^er, due to lack of supply, timber can not be obtained, 
 half-size work may be done in lieu of the full size. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Sharpening and putting in order the 
 tools; sharpening and setting saws, grinding axes, adzes, etc.; 
 proper applications of carborundum and grindstones. 
 
 (2) Use of ax and adze: Felling and dressing of timber; 
 cutting to a line with ax and adze, green and seasoned timber. 
 
 (3) Use of saw: (two-man). Felling of trees; sawing to 
 a line; sawing on the diagonal (one-man), green and seasoned 
 timber. 
 
 (4) Joints: Square and bevel; miterbox, scope, how made, 
 use. Squares, try and angle. 
 
 (5) Use of augers, brace and bit, drift bolts. Use of 
 hatchet, hand ax and hammer, nailing. 
 
 (6) Pick out site and take measurements for a four-post 
 trestle bridge. Construct same. Each group should be 
 required to construct at least one trestle and part of floor 
 system. In most cases and particularly with beginners it 
 will be found advantageous to spike all heavy joints with a 
 few nails before driving the drift pins. A much better joint 
 will be secured in all hasty work and in most cases when the 
 work is allowed to proceed at its ordinary rate. The bridge 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 85 
 
 is built primarily for carpenter work and this should be 
 borne in mind. If sufficient timber is available the pile 
 driver may be constructed at the same time and one or two 
 pile bents put in the bridge. Timbers should not be large 
 enough to require special rigging to handle them. 
 
 (7) Explanation of. different parts of the bridge con¬ 
 structed; necessity for side rails, bridging, sway bracing, 
 mud sill, batter posts; short talk on strength of timber, 
 best way to utilize material. 
 
 (8) Construction of field pile driver. (Engineer Field 
 Manual.) Drive two or three small piles. 
 
 (9) Construct derrick from material used in making pile 
 driver. 
 
 (10) Construct and explain use of a round and a square 
 timber crib. 
 
 78. D-5. Trench layout school .—Texts: Engineer Field 
 Manual and addenda. 
 
 Purpose: The importance of this branch of engineer train¬ 
 ing can not be emphasized too much. Its purpose is to de¬ 
 velop noncommissioned officers w r ho will be able not only to 
 indicate by unmistakable means the location of new lines 
 of trenches but be able to organize captured trenches, shell 
 craters, ditches, and houses in the shortest time and in such 
 a way as to provide the best cover and defensive position 
 against counter attacks. 
 
 In addition to being able to indicate the necessary work 
 the noncommissioned officers should learn how to make cor¬ 
 rect estimates of the labor, material, and time necessary to 
 complete the section which is assigned to them or which falls 
 to their lot in the advance. 
 
 They should be taught the various elements in a line of 
 defense or offense and should be able to pick out the more 
 important elements of such a line. They should understand 
 the schemes for enlargement and improvement of a line taken 
 up so that their work will not be rendered useless by subse¬ 
 quent developments. 
 
 Work should be conducted in all kinds of weather and 
 some training must be given at night in addition to that 
 prescribed in the schedule. 
 
86 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Equipment: Stakes, tape, and hand axes should be 
 brought by the details from their companies. 
 
 Method of instruction: The work for the day should be 
 made the subject of a short talk by the instructor. This 
 should be followed by the actual location of the work on the 
 ground. Better progress will be made if the entire work is 
 laid out and constructed in miniature in a sand box. The 
 men can there see the ensemble and get a better idea of 
 the relation of the different parts to each other. 
 
 Work should be conducted strictly in accordance with the 
 1916 and 1917 addenda to the Engineer Field Manual. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Explanation of what is considered 
 the best organization of trenches in the present war. This 
 should include: Types of firing, cover, approach and com¬ 
 municating trenches; types of shelters; listening, observa¬ 
 tion, commanders’, and machine-gun posts; false works, 
 dummy trenches, emplacements, etc.; traverses, attached 
 and detached (island); cooking places and latrines. 
 
 (2) Organization of supporting point for a battalion. 
 (See plates in addenda.) 
 
 (а) Fire trenches, first. 
 
 (б) Approach trenches. 
 
 (c) Fire trenches, second. 
 
 ( d) Approach trench, reserve to second. 
 
 (e) Communicating trenches to adjoining supports. 
 
 (J) Special trenches and posts. 
 
 (i) Machine gun. 
 
 (ii) Company commanders’. 
 
 (iii) Battalion commander’s. 
 
 (iv) Listening or observing post. 
 
 (v) Kitchen. 
 
 (vi) Latrine. 
 
 (vii) Indication of location of dugouts used for 
 shelters. 
 
 (3) Organization of shell crater, of farm, of cut. 
 
 (4) Organization of captured trenches for delivering fire 
 in opposite direction. (Establish elements of line in same 
 order as given in (2).) 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 87 
 
 (5) Artillery emplacements: 
 
 (а) Light mountain howitzer. 
 
 (6) Three-inch field gun. 
 
 (c) Heavier mobile pieces. 
 
 (d) Antiaircraft gun. 
 
 (e) Aerial torpedo guns. 
 
 79. D-6. Revetment school. —Texts: Engineer Field Manual 
 and addenda. 
 
 Purpose: This school will develop selected men in the 
 methods used in making ordinary revetments and their ap¬ 
 plication to trenches. 
 
 Equipment: Picks, shovels, saws, machetes, gabion knives, 
 axes, wire, wire cutters, and nails from companies. If 
 revetment material can not be found in sites it must be 
 requisitioned from the regimental supply officer. 
 
 Method of instruction: Company details will be kept dis¬ 
 tinct. Work will be explained by the instructor and then 
 executed by everyone in each group. The groups will be 
 assigned to one of the tasks below and will be interchanged 
 when they become familiar with the work. 
 
 Work should be executed in all kinds of soil available. 
 Some instruction must be given in trenches containing more 
 or less water. 
 
 Trenches dug during the morning drill will be utilized as 
 far as practicable. In this way the men digging in the 
 trenches will be able to observe the result of the revetment 
 work as well. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Talk on necessity for and applica¬ 
 tion of revetments to trench walls and other military works. 
 
 (2) Sandbag revetment and parapet. 
 
 (3) Gabion revetment and parapet. 
 
 (4) Same with fascines. 
 
 (5) Same with hurdles. 
 
 (б) Combination of (3), (4), and (5). 
 
 (7) Wire revetments. 
 
 (8) Timber revetments. 
 
 (9) Plank revetments. 
 
 (10) Revetments made, from miscellaneous material’likely 
 to be present: Cane, barrels, corrugated and sheet iron. 
 
88 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (11) Concrete revetment. 
 
 (12) Sod revetment. (This method is slow and not satis¬ 
 factory and little time should be spent on it.) 
 
 Sod should be cut in strips, rolled up, spread out in the 
 proper place, and cut to proper length. The squares are 
 harder to cut and not so satisfactory. 
 
 80. D-7, cover and accessories school. —Texts: Engineer 
 Field Manual and addenda, 1916 and 1917. 
 
 Purpose: This school is to develop foremen able to handle 
 all situations which may arise in the construction of trenches 
 and cover. They should understand the nomenclature of 
 all special devices and how to make them. They should be 
 able to organize and direct working parties and to prepare 
 bills of material fot different tasks. 
 
 Equipment: Picks, shovels, saws, squares, axes, nails, 
 wire, wire cutters, sandbags from company; sheet iron, tim¬ 
 ber, and other articles not pertaining to companies from 
 regimental supply officer. 
 
 Method of instruction: Small-scale work can be used to 
 great advantage in this work, especially if material is scarce. 
 
 Before assigning a task the instructor will explain typical 
 organizations suitable for doing similar work in large quan¬ 
 tity. 
 
 The sand box offers a good means for showing proper 
 coordination of work. Instructors must emphasize the 
 necessity for careful organization, supervision, and inspec¬ 
 tion of work. It is only in this way that fast and efficient 
 work can be done. 
 
 Only short sections of work will be attempted until all 
 types are thoroughly understood. The relation of these to 
 the general scheme of advance or defense will be indicated 
 by their connection with D-5 and D-6. The details of con¬ 
 struction must be clearly brought out and understood. The 
 kind of timber, size, etc., necessary for the different types of 
 construction must be clearly indicated and the men given 
 practice in making out bills of material for different projects. 
 
 The work in this school should be conducted in connection 
 with D-5 and D-6 as far as practicable in order that each 
 may get the benefit of the other’s work. The layout men will 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 89 
 
 have the advantage of seeing their work actually accom¬ 
 plished, and this school will not have to waste time in prepara¬ 
 tion. This school must be able to recognize and execute the 
 work pertaining to all contemporary trench devices. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Elements of fire trenches. 
 
 (a) Head cover. 
 
 (i) Loop holes: Sandbag, steel, wood and earth; 
 
 crenelated. 
 
 (ii) Screens: Bomb and aerial torpedo screens. 
 
 ( b ) Overhead cover: Against shrapnel; against shell of 
 small caliber. 
 
 (2) Cover: Bomb proof for fire trenches, including com¬ 
 mander’s post. 
 
 (3) Cover: Bomb-proof quarters, kitchens, latrines. 
 
 (4) Emplacements: Machine guns, light mortars, torpedo 
 guns. 
 
 (5) Observation stations and listening posts. 
 
 (6) Alarms: Whistle and bell. 
 
 (7) Lighting: Electric, flares, star bombs, etc. 
 
 (8) Disposal of water. 
 
 (a) Drains. 
 
 ( b ) Sumps. 
 
 81. D-S. Obstacle school. —Texts: Engineer Field Manual 
 and addenda. 
 
 Purpose: This school should produce men skilled in the 
 construction and placing of the various military obstacles. 
 
 Equipment: The necessary material should be obtained 
 from the regimental supply officer; tools from the companies. 
 
 Method of instruction: The construction of obstacles under 
 fire requires careful preparation, detailed organization, and 
 men entirely familiar with this organization and their indi¬ 
 vidual duties. Instruction should therefore be given as fol¬ 
 lows: First, individual training in making the obstacles; 
 second, group work on level ground in the day; third, group 
 work at night. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Wire entanglements (stake type): 
 Complete and detailed instructions for constructing these are 
 given in the 1917 addenda to the Engineer Field Manual. 
 
90 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Smooth wire should be used until the details have been 
 mastered, when barbed wire should be substituted. 
 
 (2) Sawbuck and tripod types of entanglement: 1916 and 
 1917 addenda. 
 
 (3) Brun spirals (short section). 
 
 (4) Abatis and slashings (Field Manual). This is little 
 used and little time should be spent on it. 
 
 (5) Easily moved obstacles: Chevaux de frise: 
 
 , (a) Wood. 
 
 ( b ) Wood and wire. 
 
 (c) Iron or steel angles. 
 
 82. D-9. Miners’ and sappers’ school. —Texts: Engineer 
 Field Manual and addenda. 
 
 Purpose: This school is to develop proficiency in driving 
 galleries and sinking shafts; the use of frames and sheeting 
 and cases; mine ventilation, and the charging and firing of 
 mines. Instruction will also be given in sapping. 
 
 Equipment: Tools and explosives from companies; tim¬ 
 ber, supplies, and mechanical digging devices from regi¬ 
 mental supply officer. 
 
 Method of instruction: Much time can be saved by merely 
 constructing the timberwork for the mines above ground. 
 The work can be illustrated with a sand box. Men should 
 have experience in the actual work in all steps. Mechanical 
 methods of digging have met with success abroad and some 
 work should be done with a light jack-hammer drill if this 
 can be obtained. 
 
 The class should be divided into two groups, one being 
 assigned to sapping and the other to mining. As this work 
 is exceptionally slow, only so much of it should be attempted 
 as will clearly illustrate the principle involved to all the 
 students. 
 
 Steps in training: Sapping. Parties are given in the En¬ 
 gineer Field Manual and 1917 addenda. 
 
 (1) Drive single sap. Change direction three times. 
 
 (2) Double sap. 
 
 (3) Use of sandbags for shield at head of sap. 
 
 (4) Use of loose earth with log or some variety of long- 
 handled sweep to advance the earth shield. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 91 
 
 Mining: (1) Drive shaft with cases. 
 
 (2) Galleries: % 
 
 (a) One great gallery with change of slope. 
 
 ( b ) Two half galleries. 
 
 (c) Two branches with charges. 
 
 (3) Place and explode four charges of diffeient size in the 
 galleries. Detonate them one at a time, examine effect on 
 other galleries, repair the latter, and proceed as before. 
 
 Although it will probably not be necessary to introduce 
 artificial ventilation in the shaft and galleries, this should 
 be done for purposes of instruction. 
 
 (4) Same as above (1), (2), and (3), using frames and 
 sheeting. 
 
 83. D-10. Demolition school. —Texts: Engineer Field Man¬ 
 ual and addenda. Instructions for the use of the United 
 States Cavalry Demolition Equipment, 1917. 
 
 Purpose: The object of this training is to familiarize 
 those assigned to the work with the various military explo¬ 
 sives, their effects, and the methods of handling them. 
 
 Equipment: Company equipment, demolition outfit, such 
 other explosives (dynamite, guncotton, melinite, and blast¬ 
 ing powder from regimental supply officer) as colonel may 
 direct. 
 
 Method of instruction: Except when a lecture is specified, 
 the day’s work will begin with a short talk to the class on 
 the results which are expected that day and how they are to 
 be obtained. This should be followed by practical demon¬ 
 stration and each man should be required to go through 
 every operation until he can do it with celerity. For the 
 practical work the class should be divided into groups, each 
 consisting of the detail from one company. 
 
 As other explosives in addition to those forming a part of 
 the regular equipment (trinitrotoluol) may have to be used, 
 a few exercises with the more common ones on the market 
 and in use by foreign nations are given. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Lecture regarding field of applica¬ 
 tion and importance of military demolitions. Give a short 
 history of the part they have played in military operations 
 
92 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 together with the tacticial failures and successes which have 
 resulted from their use. 
 
 (2) Trinitrotoluol: Physical properties; action under ordi¬ 
 nary shocks (place a block of it in front of a mound of earth 
 and shoot at it with a service rifle); remove copper plating 
 and cut explosive with a knife into a fine powder, place 
 part powder in cracker box and put same on fire; put rest 
 of powder in another box and wet it with salt water; try to 
 detonate it with fulminate and tetryl caps; method of trans¬ 
 portation and storage; how carried in tool wagons and how 
 to make simple moisture-proof shelter. 
 
 (3) Caps: Fulminate and tetryl, electric and powder. 
 Explain construction, precautions in handling, how carried 
 in tool wagon. Powder fuses: Instantaneous and time, 
 methods of distinguishing in daylight and dark. How to 
 crimp caps on fuse; how to make splices, reasons therefor; 
 lighting fuses, matches, lighters, cigars, pipes, cigarettes. 
 
 (4) Caps and electric detonator. Magneto exploder: 
 Principles of operation, connections, capacity, how to take 
 care of instrument. 
 
 (5) Blasting powder: Precautions in handling and stor¬ 
 age, physical characteristics, methods of firing. Explode a 
 small land mine; split a bowlder or ledge of rock. 
 
 (6) Same as (5) for 40 per cent and 60 per cent dynamite. 
 
 (7) Same as (5) for guncotton. Explain reasons for hav¬ 
 ing same wet and dry. 
 
 (8) Same as (5) for melinite. 
 
 (9) Destruction of railroad. If none is available in 
 vicinity, build a shoit section of track. Try following ex¬ 
 periments, using curves and data in addendum to the Engi¬ 
 neer Field Manual: 
 
 (a) Cut rail with trinitrotoluol. 
 
 (b) Cut rail with other explosives. 
 
 (c) Destroy crossing or frog with explosives. 
 
 (d) Destroy remainder of track by fire. 
 
 (10) Destruction of bridges. Use of detonating cord. 
 
 (а) Using formulae in manual, cut various timbers. 
 
 (б) Same with various iron and steel sections, angles, 1 
 beams, etc. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 93 
 
 (c) Destroy some of work of carpenter school. 
 
 (11) Destruction of miscellaneous objects. Firing charges 
 in series and parallel. Sympathetic detonation. 
 
 (a) Frame house or shed. 
 
 ( b ) Masonry or dirt wall. 
 
 (c) Trees and stumps. 
 
 (d) Explanation of method of putting gun out of com¬ 
 mission. 
 
 (12) Tactical problems: 
 
 (а) Clearing road for advancing column. 
 
 (б) Obstructing one in rear of retreating column. 
 
 (c) Destruction of bridges and fords. 
 
 (d) Clearing foreground. Stumps, buildings, walls, etc. 
 
 84. D-ll. Reconnaissance school. —Texts: Engineer Field 
 
 Manual and addenda. Field Service Regulations. 
 
 Purpose: The primary object of this school is to train the 
 men in making an engineer and a tactical reconnaissance. 
 A secondary object is to develop facility in the simpler 
 methods of sketching and military surveying. 
 
 Equipment: Field message books obtained from the regi¬ 
 mental supply officer. Company reconnaissance equipment. 
 
 Method of instruction: The course should begin with the 
 study of the nature and object of reconnaissance work. This 
 should be followed by practice in the use of various instru¬ 
 ments and in the making of maps. After this, problems 
 should be worked out in both tactical and engineer recon¬ 
 naissances involving necessity for making maps and sketches 
 in some cases, and in other cases requiring only preparation 
 of verbal or written reports. 
 
 Steps in training: (1) Talk on requirements of a good 
 engineer reconnaissance. Nature and extent of work to be 
 done, whether trench, bridge, or road work; personnel and 
 material required; time necessary; whether work is to be 
 done under fire, under cover, or back of lines; exact location 
 of work; route to be followed by personnel and material in 
 reaching work. 
 
 Requirements of tactical reconnaissance: Location, compo¬ 
 sition, strength, and activities of enemies’ troops, routes to 
 
94 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 be followed in reaching them, and location of any of our 
 own troops in their neighborhood. The talk should also 
 include the means for obtaining the information contained 
 in the above. Whole class. 
 
 (2) Sketching (in pairs): 
 
 (a) Making pace or stride scale. Application of scale. 
 
 (b) Orienting board*and using alidade. Conventional signs. 
 
 (c) Traversing with compass on closed circuit. 
 
 (i) Setting up at every turning point. 
 
 (ii) Setting up >at every other turning point. 
 
 (d) Traversing on closed circuit without compass. 
 
 (e) Lay off base. 
 
 (i) Determine location of points by intersection, ex¬ 
 
 plaining use of intersections. 
 
 (ii) Location by resection, explaining use of it. 
 
 (/) Use of clinometer. Obtaining elevations in traverse 
 (d above). 
 
 (g) Position sketch of small area by traversing and filling 
 
 in by intersection and resection, exclusive of con¬ 
 touring, but including elevations of main points and 
 especially location of stream lines. 
 
 (h) Contouring. Explanation of and placing contours on 
 
 position sketch (g above). 
 
 (i) Road sketch 2 miles long to include topographical 
 
 features within 400 yards of road and all prominent 
 topographical features within limits of paper used 
 for drawing by intersection. 
 
 (j) Position sketch one-half square mile complete. 
 
 (fc) Road sketch between control points. 
 
 (1) Position sketch filling in between control points ob¬ 
 tained by triangulation. 
 
 85. D-12. Map reproduction. —Texts: Any standard work. 
 Purpose: This school is to produce men skilled in the 
 methods of the reproduction of maps by the means furnished 
 Engineer troops, and knowing their possibilities. 
 
 Equipment: Regimental and company photographic and 
 zincographic outfits. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 95 
 
 Method of instruction: The class will be divided into three 
 groups and each assigned to one of the courses given below. 
 Instruction: (1) Photographic: 
 
 (a) Talk by instructor to include the following: 
 
 (i) Description and discussion of the theory and 
 practical use of different types of camera lenses. This 
 is to include the Rapid Rectilinear and Anastigmat 
 lenses. 
 
 (ii) Detailed description of the 3A Autographic and 
 Graflex cameras. 
 
 (iii) Discussion of the general theory of picture mak¬ 
 ing; effect of light and shade; treatment of water 
 scenes; effect of colors of surrounding objects on size 
 of stops and timing; various types of cameras and 
 kodaks; their fields of use. 
 
 (iv) Chemistry of photography. Action of light on 
 films, plates, and papers; action of developers, fixers, 
 reducers, intensifiers; formulae for the various standard 
 solutions. 
 
 (v) Use of various kinds of print papers, and relative 
 cost of same. Include samples of the more common 
 varieties. 
 
 (vi) A brief account of the procedure for each part of 
 the “practical work.” This is to include stop used; 
 time of exposure with reasons for same; the procedure 
 in developing each negative and printing, giving all 
 steps, precautions observed, time of exposure, tempera¬ 
 ture of solutions, methods of correcting over and under 
 exposures, etc. An essential part of this will be an 
 explanation of any poor results and of how they may be 
 prevented. 
 
 (vii) Describe how the printing of different parts of a 
 print may be either hastened or retarded. 
 
 (viii) Describe wet and dry photographic plates, ex¬ 
 plaining the advantages and disadvantages of each. 
 
 (ix) Write the names of the various items of the 
 standard company and regimental photographic equip¬ 
 ment and supplies over thein, and place same on a 
 table- for inspection. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 (x) Give time required to turn out a print from each 
 film of a roll of six 3A films. 
 
 (xi) Your ideas as to the company and regimental 
 photographic outfits. 
 
 (6) Practical work: 
 
 (i) Take six outdoor views with the Graflex camera 
 under varying conditions and of different subjects. 
 
 (ii) Take six instantaneous exposures out of doors 
 with the 3A camera. Use different subjects, etc., as 
 above. 
 
 (iii) Take two interior pictures on plates with the 
 5 by 7 camera. 
 
 (iv) Mix developers for plates, films, and prints. 
 
 (v) Develop plates in dark room. 
 
 (vi) Develop films with kodak developing tank. 
 
 (vii) Prepare reducers and reduce at least one nega¬ 
 tive. 
 
 (viii) Prepare intensifiers and intensify at least one 
 negative. 
 
 (ix) Take one plate or film and secure prints from all 
 different grades of azo paper available. Also print to 
 blue-print paper. 
 
 (x) Make a print from each of the remaining films 
 and plates. Use the paper which you think will give 
 the best results. 
 
 (xi) Make one print by projection on bromide paper. 
 
 (xii) Try vignetting at least one print. 
 
 All work should be individual. 
 
 (2) (a) Talk by instructor on following topics: 
 
 (i) Description of manufacture, properties, and use 
 of the various papers used. 
 
 (ii) A detailed description of the procedure in the 
 production of each class of work. Samples will be 
 shown. Give all steps, precautions observed, time of 
 exposure, temperature of solutions, and methods of 
 correcting over and under exposures (if any). Explain 
 the reasons for any poor results and state how they 
 may be prevented. 
 
ENGINEEB TBAINING MANUAL—VIII. 97 
 
 (iii) State time required to turn out ten 8 by 10 i inch 
 blue prints under normal conditions. 
 
 (iv) Discussion of inaccuracies (if any) introduced 
 by photographic enlargements or reductions. 
 
 (b ) Practical work. 
 
 (i) Sensitize paper for blue printing. 
 
 (ii) Make prints from this and commercial paper. 
 
 (iii) Make a maduro negative, and a blue print there¬ 
 from. 
 
 (iv) Make a maduro positive from the maduro nega¬ 
 tive. 
 
 (v) Make a negative on either bromide or azo devel¬ 
 oping paper. 
 
 (vi) Make a positive from the above. 
 
 (vii) Enlarge a drawing to scale. 
 
 (viii) Reduce a drawing to scale. 
 
 All work individual. 
 
 (3) (a) Talk by instructor covering the following points: 
 
 (i) Description of all apparatus used. (Have all equip¬ 
 ment tagged w T ith its name where it can be seen by stu¬ 
 dents.) 
 
 (ii) Explain use of all equipment. 
 
 (iii) Describe in detail procedure in work. Include 
 reasons for selection of various chemicals and plates, pre¬ 
 cautions observed. Explanation of poor results and 
 how’ to avoid them. 
 
 (iv) Discuss and compare the advantages and disad¬ 
 vantages of following methods of map reproduction. 
 
 (a') Photographic. 
 
 ( b ') Lithographic. 
 
 ( c ') Hectographic. 
 
 ( b ) Practical work. The laboratory work will include the 
 following: 
 
 (i) Autographic transfer. 
 
 ( a ') Prepare autographic transfer. 
 
 ( b ') Transfer same to stone. 
 
 (cO Pull additional transfer from stone to india 
 paper. 
 
 104121—17- 7 
 
98 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—VIII. 
 
 (d') Transfer latter to zinc. 
 
 (e') Secure prints from both stone and zinc. 
 
 (ii) Photographic transfer to zinc and aluminum. 
 
 (a') Sensitize plates. 
 
 ( b ') Expose plates. 
 
 (c 7 ) Work up plates and pull prints. 
 
 (iii) Photographic transfer to stone. 
 
 (a 7 ) Sensitize paper. 
 
 (6 7 ) Expose same. 
 
 (c 7 ) Transfer to stone. 
 
 (d') Work up and pull prints. 
 
 (iv) Direct printing from tracing to zinc plate. 
 
 (a 7 ) Sensitize plate. 
 
 (6 7 ) Expose same. 
 
 (c 7 ) Work up and pull prints. 
 
 (v) Hectograph. 
 
 {a') Pull several prints. All work to be individ¬ 
 ual. 
 
 86. E. General engineer training .—At the conclusion of 
 the school course, the bridge sections, the fortification 
 sections, and the mounted sections of each battalion should 
 be consolidated for applicatory work (E-l, 2, and 3). This 
 should consist for each battalion in a problem in field forti¬ 
 fication and a problem in fixed bridges to be conducted 
 simultaneously, and for the mounted section participation 
 in both and special work in demolitions and engineer 
 reconnaissance. The problems should involve and demon¬ 
 strate the application of the detailed work learned in the 
 schools. 
 
 On the completion of the work by section, each company 
 should conduct a problem in floating bridge work, and in 
 general pioneer work involving the repair of roads, simple 
 bridge construction, and the siting and consolidation of a 
 simple defensive line (E-4). In this work men in the bridge 
 section should have an opportunity to work as laborers on 
 other work and men in the fortification section as laborers 
 on bridge work (chess and balk carrying, handling, sorting, 
 and piling timber and the like). The mounted section 
 should have appropriate work. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL— Yin. 
 
 99 
 
 General exercises in military engineering involving simple 
 pioneer work, tactical, topographical, and engineer recon¬ 
 naissance and demolitions, will be continued to the end of 
 the course in connection with practice marches and field 
 exercises (G). 
 
 87. F. Engineer specialists. —Toward the end of the course 
 duly qualified men should be designated as specialists in 
 each company, as provided for in paragraph 40 of Part I. 
 These men will be made familiar with the tools carried which 
 pertain to the work and thereafter may be used on their 
 respective specialties (Course III). 
 
 88. G. Practice marches. —These are introduced early in 
 the course and continued at intervals, culminating with a 
 six-day march of at least 80 miles near the end of the course. 
 The object at first is to accustom the men to marching in 
 route order with light loads. Later individual cooking and 
 midday bivouacs are introduced and the loads are increased. 
 This is followed by a short march with full equipment 
 involving a stop in shelter tent camp for the night and a 
 night problem. As the men become accustomed to the 
 work the marches are lengthened and tactical and engi¬ 
 neering problems are made a prominent feature. Orders 
 issued by all commanders in the course of the solution of 
 any problem should conform to the principles prescribed in 
 Field Service Regulations for field orders. 
 
 89. H. Instructors’ school. —The purpose of this school is 
 to develop the necessary number of instructors for carrying 
 on the course. No detailed instruction will be given further 
 than that. This work should anticipate the ground to be 
 covered in the actual work of the instructors during the fol¬ 
 lowing days. It may be necessary to divide the classes into 
 sections to correspond with the various kinds of work to be 
 done. As soon as practicable, this course should be sus¬ 
 pended and the further work of preparation for instructing 
 should be covered by the officers’ and noncommissioned 
 officers’ schools. 
 
 90. I. Officers’ school. —The elementary course described 
 in Part III of the Engineer Training Manual should first be 
 followed to completion. After this the intermediate course 
 
100 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 may be taken up or the work carried out on special lines as 
 the colonel may think necessary. 
 
 91. J. Noncommissioned officers’ school .—The course of 
 instruction should be governed by the experience of the non¬ 
 commissioned officers and the needs of their work in connec¬ 
 tion with the general course of training. The following sub¬ 
 jects are suggested: 
 
 (1) Duties and responsibilities of the noncommissioned 
 officers. 
 
 (2) Customs of the service, military courtesy, etc. 
 
 (3) Infantry Drill Regulations. 
 
 (4) Field Engineering. 
 
 Appendices to this manual will be used as textbooks. 
 Throughout the course particular stress should be laid on 
 matters of immediate application and the general work of 
 training and duties which it is expected that the noncom¬ 
 missioned officers may be called upon to perform on taking 
 the field. It is recommended that classes be not larger than 
 the quota of noncommissioned officers for a single company. 
 It is left to the discretion of the colonel as to whether this 
 instruction be carried on entirely by the company command¬ 
 ers, each for his own noncommissioned officers in all sub¬ 
 jects, or whether a special instructor should be assigned to 
 each subject and the classes rotate from one subject to 
 another. The former method is recommended. In general, 
 it should be possible to simplify the work by covering each 
 day in a general way the ground covered recently in the 
 officers’ school, in so fai as this is applicable to the non¬ 
 commissioned officers. 
 
 92. K . Lectures. —First, lectures should be on the general 
 subject of the duties, responsibilities, and privileges of a 
 soldier and the customs of the service. After this, lectures 
 should be used to demonstrate the purpose and application 
 of practical training to come within the next few days, and 
 criticize the results of work done. Lectures on special ob¬ 
 jects will be introduced as soon as desirable. Some sug¬ 
 gestive topics are given in paragraph 25, Chapter III. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 COURSE III. 
 
 93. As stated heretofore, Course III is designed to train 
 thoroughly the individuals, both officers and men, of an 
 Engineer regiment in their duties in war. This course pre¬ 
 supposes the completion of Course II or an equal degree of 
 efficiency; namely, first, all members of the organization have 
 been instructed in their elementary duties as soldiers, so that 
 they can be handled as a military unit; second, individuals 
 in each company have been instructed in the elements of the 
 specialties falling to the share of Engineer troops; third, the 
 occupants of such positions as first sergeant, mess sergeant, 
 company clerk, cooks, stable sergeant, horseshoer, etc., are 
 sufficiently proficient to perform their duties in a satisfactory 
 manner. 
 
 Engineer regiments raised particularly for railroad work, 
 highway construction, and other special service, will be 
 recruited from men having knowledge of these particular 
 specialties in civil life and they will require a minimum of 
 military instruction and no more technical training than is 
 necessary to insure their cohesion and frictionless operation as 
 a military organization. Such special troops should be 
 ready to undertake the duties for which they are intended 
 upon completion of Courses I and II and no provision is made 
 for them in Course III. 
 
 94. The course of instruction in each subject will conform 
 to that laid down for the same subject in Course II; but a 
 greater time being available, each detail will be gone into 
 more thoroughly, and, in order to insure the requisite team 
 work, instruction should be by company, under the imme¬ 
 diate supervision of the company commander, in everything 
 except trade school courses, which should be under the regi¬ 
 mental topographical officer. 
 
 The physical facility and strength necessary for a rapid 
 completion of Engineer work in the field can be attained only 
 
 101 
 
102 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL—Yin. 
 
 by accustoming the men to actually performing the physical 
 labor of similar tasks. A considerable amount of marching 
 and of manual labor must, therefore, be included in this 
 course. 
 
 §5. The daily schedule of work will conform in general to 
 that prescribed in Course II, with the following changes and 
 omissions: 
 
 B-3 and B-5 will be by company, then by battalion, and 
 then by regiment. 
 
 B-7. Mounted sections of each battalion should be con¬ 
 solidated for training under the senior detachment com¬ 
 mander, and all the mounted sections of a regiment may 
 with advantage often be consolidated for training as two 
 troops under one of the majors. 
 
 C. Omit. 
 
 D. Individual Engineer training. The part of the com¬ 
 pany not engaged in receiving special technical instruction 
 will be exercised in the general duties coming under this head, 
 the method of solving definite problems in military engineer¬ 
 ing being adopted, and special attention being paid to the 
 planning and organization of their part of each job by 
 officers and noncommissioned officers. The mounted section 
 should receive instruction in all the items except D-2 and 
 D-9. 
 
 F will now include the instruction of Engineer specialists 
 in trade-school courses in the following subjects: 1 
 
 Instrumental surveying. 
 
 Topographical sketching and reconnaissance. 
 
 Drafting, topographical and mechanical. 
 
 Lithography and map reproduction. 
 
 Photography. 
 
 Blasting and military demolitions. 
 
 Carpentry. 
 
 Blacksmithing. 
 
 Plumbing and pipe fitting. 
 
 1 Suitable trade-school courses in carpentry, masonry construction, and black- 
 smithing, are included in Appendices 4, 5, and 6, respectively. A guide for courses 
 in (a) surveying, sketching, and reconnaissance, (6) lithography, and (c) photography, 
 is contained in separate pamphlets published by the Engineer Department. 
 
ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 103 
 
 Masonry construction. 
 
 Rigging. 
 
 Packing. 
 
 Saddlery and repairs to harness. 
 
 Where the necessary apparatus can be obtained addi¬ 
 tional courses for electricians, enginemen, and firemen should 
 be organized. 
 
 Men should be detailed for a period of one month or two 
 months as assistants to those in regular administrative posi¬ 
 tions in which a certain amount of special knowledge is requi¬ 
 site (such as mess sergeants, cooks, company clerks, horse- 
 shoers, farriers, etc.), in order to insure the presence in the 
 company of company substitutes for these positions. 
 
 H. Omit. 
 
 96. The total time allotted for Course III should be about 
 eight months. It is considered that this time can best be 
 divided into five successive stages: 
 
 First stage: Two months. Individual instruction in gen¬ 
 eral service in Engineer training. 
 
 Second stage: Two months. Collective instruction in 
 Engineer training by section and company. 
 
 Third stage: Two months. Battalion and regimental prob¬ 
 lems in duties of Engineer troops. 
 
 Fourth stage: One month. Problems in general service 
 and duties of Engineer troops combined with other troops. 
 
 Fifth stage: One month. Problems and tests covering the 
 entire course, and additional rifle practice. 
 
 97. Typical daily program .—(Based on daily schedule in 
 Course II; modifications in camp routine of police, fatigue, 
 retreat, etc., to be made as necessary.) 
 
 First stage: First period: Physical drill, mounted drill, of¬ 
 ficers’ school. 
 
 Second period: Infantry drill and mounted drill. 
 
 Third and fourth periods: B-4, general infantry instruc¬ 
 tion. 
 
 Fifth and sixth periods: D, individual engineer training, 
 and F, engineer specialists’ schools. 
 
104 
 
 ENGINEER TRAINING MANUAL-VIII. 
 
 Practice march one day a week, increasing in severity from 
 week to week, and involving the making and breaking of 
 camp, individual cooking, and simple problems in security 
 and combat. 
 
 Battalion parades twice each week; noncommissioned of¬ 
 ficers’ schools, lectures, athletics, and inspections on Satur¬ 
 days. 
 
 Second stage: First period: Physical drill, mounted drill, 
 officers’ school. 
 
 Second period: Infantry drill and mounted drill. 
 
 Third and fourth periods: B-5, problems in Infantry train¬ 
 ing, all branches, and F. 
 
 Fifth and sixth periods: E-l, E-2, E-3, E-4, engineer 
 problems by section and company. 
 
 Committee of officers to work up battalion and regimental 
 engineer problems for application during third stage. 
 
 Practice marches, ceremonies, and athletics as during first 
 stage. 
 
 Third stage: Four days a week: Engineer problems re¬ 
 quiring the entire day: (1) Passage of rivers under various 
 conditions; (2) selection of defensive lines and construction 
 of important elements thereof. 
 
 One day a week: First period, physical drill; second period, 
 infantry drill; remainder of day, practice march. 
 
 Saturday: Review and inspection; lectures, officers’ and 
 noncommissioned officers’ schools, including solution of ele¬ 
 mentary map problems and terrain exercises. 
 
 Fourth stage: Field exercises and maneuvers, including 
 combat and practical military engineering. 
 
 Fifth stage: Tests and field problems designed by the 
 regimental commander to ascertain the degree of training 
 of individuals, companies, and battalions, followed by 
 conferences and critiques necessary to insure correction of 
 any errors noticed. 
 
 Note.—I t wilJ be found advisable to form the entire company under arms at the 
 first period, stacking arms if necessary, and to proceed from one kind of instruction 
 to another without dismissing the company; making details, taking arms, drawing 
 equipment, etc., as may be necessary. 
 

 
 ■ 
 
 
 pj‘ ; ; 
 
 eS 
 
 I 
 
 te- ■ 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 . 
 
W UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 3 0112103565294