UNIVERSITY OF; ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBAN A- CHAMPAIGN AGRICULTURE Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/hawkweedsorpaint1301hans XD O O ^ 'vA' THE HAWKWEEDS, OR PAINTBRUSHES ALBERT A. HANSEN Agronomist in Weed Investigations ^rvM UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 130 Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry ( Office of Forage-Crop Investigations ) WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief Washington, D. C. October, 1920 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : IS20 THE HAWKWEEDS, OR PAINTBRUSHES. Descriptions Orange hawkweed King-devil Yellow field hawkweed Eradication Dry salting Grazing CONTENTS. Page. 3 Eradication— Continued. 3 Hand methods 5 Cultivation 5 Improving the turf. . 6 Spraying 6 Precautionary measures . 6 Page. 6 7 7 7 7 DESCRIPTIONS. There are a number of species of hawkweeds introduced into the United States that may be considered as weeds, three of which *are noxious. The hawkweeds are usually most troublesome in pastures and hayfields and are found only occasionally on cultivated land. The three noxious species are the following: ORANGE HAWKWEED. Orange hawkweed 1 is also known as deviks-paintbrush, red daisy, flameweed, devil’s-weed, and grim-the-collier (fig. 1). It was first introduced from Europe into New England because of its attractive flame-colored flowers. Originally a garden ornamental, the plant escaped its bounds and has established itself as one of the worst pasture and hayfield weeds of New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. Orange hawkweed is recognized by its matted hairy leaves and handsome flow r ers, each about an inch in diameter and usually red on the margin, merging into an orange-colored center. The flowering branches, or shoots, grow from a few inches to 2 feet in height; they are leafless and covered with stiff black hairs. The plant becomes a perennial through its creeping aboveground and underground stems. It possesses two important means of reproduction: (1). The runners, forming new plants in a manner similar to strawberry runners (fig. 1 , A), and (2) the seeds, which are wind distributed (fig. 1, B). Orange hawkweed is a weed principally in permanent meadows and grasslands and is seldom troublesome in rich soil. 1 Hieracium aurantiacum. 4 Department Circular 130, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . i sfe- Fig. 1. A, Orange hawk weed, or devil’s-paintbrush ( Hieraciurn aurantiacum ). Note the runners, from which new plants arise. B, A single seed of orange hawkweed, showing the pappus (p), which enables the wind to carry the seed. The Hawkweeds, or Paintbrushes. 5 KING-DEVIL. King-devil ■ is a noxious weed in northern New York, in New England, and in southern Canada. This speciesris also called yellow hawkweed, high hawkweed, and yellow paintbrush. It was intro- duced from Europe into northern New York about 1879, whence it spread rapidly northward. It differs from orange hawkweed (1) in size, being usually larger; (2) in the color of its flowers, which are about the same shade of yellow as buttercups; and (3) in having smooth, hairless stems. The plants are slender in appearance, growing up to 3 feet in height. King-devil possesses methods of reproduction similar to orange Fig. 2.— Yellow field hawkweed ( Hieracium pratense ) growing in a Virginia pasture. hawkweed, although the runners are shorter and thicker and usually below ground. The species is common in fields, pastures, and along roadsides and resembles orange hawkweed in that it rarely invades rich soils. YELLOW FIELD HAWKWEED. The yellow field hawkweed 2 (fig. 2) is also known as yellow devil, yellow paintbrush, and king-devil. It differs from the previous species in two important particulars: (1) It is noxious principally in the high- land sections of Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina, although it occurs from New England to Georgia; and (2) it is destructive in rich pasture lands and may even invade cultivated fields. The yellow field hawkweed is a comparatively recent importation from Europe, but it has spread rapidly. The plant is a coarse, hairy 1 Hieracium florentinum. 2 Hieracium pratense. 6 Department Circular 130, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. perennial with matted basal leaves somewhat resembling those of buckhorn, from the center of which arises an upright leafless shoot covered with short -black hairs surmounted by a number of yellow flowers, each about three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The flowers appear from early in June until late in September. The length of the stem varies from 2 to 24 inches, according to whether it has been grazed off or mown or allowed to grow undisturbed. As with both orange hawkweed and king-devil, the yellow hawkweed reproduces by seeds capable of being distributed by the wind. New plants are also formed on runners, in a manner similar to the king- devil, although the runners differ from those of orange hawkweed in being mainly below ground. ERADICATION . 1 Where the hawkweeds occur on poor pasture lands, it is sometimes questionable whether the expense of eradication is justifiable, par- ticularly since these weeds will frequently “run themselves out” in five to eight years. It is often advisable to turn poor pasture land badly infested with hawkweeds into a farm wood lot, thereby deriving some revenue from the timber and avoiding the expense of eradication. Where the land is sufficiently fertile to support a good stand of grass and it is desirable to eradicate the hawkweed, the methods de- scribed below are applicable. DRY SALTING. Dry salt scattered broadcast on infested land will tend to kill the hawkweeds. It should be applied during the late fall at the rate of not less than 2 tons per acre. Dry salt scattered broadcast on the matted growth will not only help to kill the hawkweed by its physical action, but will in addition attract cattle, which in turn damage the weeds by trampling and nibbling at the flowers and young shoots. The use of salt is advisable on badly infected areas only. GRAZING. Cattle and sheep reject hawkweeds because of their bitter taste. In the case of some species of these weeds the covering of stiff hairs acts as a repellent to grazing animals. Pasturing with goats, however, will keep the weeds in check. HAND METHODS. In case the hawkweeds occur in scattered patches of small size, the simplest mode of attack is to dig them out with a hoe, spade, spud, or mattock, preferably following the spring rains, when the ground is soft. Plants so removed should be carried away and either burned or placed in a refuse pile where they can do no harm. Care should be 1 The eradication and control methods herein suggested are based in part on field experimental work performed in cooperation with the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station at Blacksburg, Va. The Hawkweeds, or Paintbrushes. 7 exercised to see that all the below-ground growth is removed, since even a small piece if left in the soil may develop into a new plant. Such underground growth usually extends a distance of 8 inches beyond the aboveground limit of the patches. The exposed soil marking the spots where the hawkweed formerly grew should then be heavily seeded with the best grass mixture obtainable. Constant vigilance is needed thereafter in order to prevent the seeding of any hawkweed which may have been overlooked, since the seeds are blown by the wind and a single plant may be the means of infesting large areas. The inspection of the farm for stray patches of hawkweed is best done from horseback when the plants are in flower, since they are then most readily seen. Another method of eradicating small scattered patches of hawk- weeds is to cover them with tarred or some other type of heavy paper, to the complete exclusion of light. The paper should be pegged to the ground or weighted down with stones and should cover the patches for an entire season. This method is expensive when the number of patches to be treated is large, but complete eradication is practically certain if the infested areas are well covered. CULTIVATION. Where the area of infestation is large, the hawkweeds may be driven out by placing the land in intertilled crops, such as corn. IMPROVING THE TURF. Top-dressing with manure or commercial fertilizer will tend to produce a more luxuriant growth of grass, with which the hawkweeds will have less chance to compete successfully. Do not harrow such grasslands, since harrowing merely serves to spread the weed. SPRAYING. Spraying with a saturated salt solution and with other chemicals has been attempted, but dry salting is simpler and better; hence the use of sprays is not recommended. Spraying at best is a hard, tedious, and expensive procedure. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES. In large areas of infestation where eradication methods are not attempted, the hawkweeds should be mowed twice a year at the time when the flower heads first appear, usually in June and August. The main purpose of mowing is to prevent the maturing of seeds, since seeds are readily scattered by the wind to adjacent fields. Preventive measures are extremely important when hawkweed is first discovered. All plants found should be destroyed immediately and their location marked. Frequent inspection should be made thereafter in order to make sure that the weeds do not reappear. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE "WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CENTS PER COPY A (0 \D United States Department of Agriculture, DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 131. Contribution from the Bureau of Biological Survey, E. W. NELSON, Chief. DIRECTORY OF OFFICIALS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH THE PROTECTION OF BIRDS AND GAME, 1920. 1 The object of this directory, the twenty-first annual publication in the series, is to present in convenient form the addresses of officials and organizations from whom information may be obtained concern- ing game conditions and the laws for the protection of wild life. It shows also the date of establishment of each State department con- cerned with the protection of birds, game, and other wild animals, the changes which have occurred in the organization of such depart- ments, the publications issued by each, and the personnel. Since the 1919 directory was issued changes in game officials have been made in Arkansas, California, Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin; in British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec; and in Newfound- land. Four deaths have occurred in the ranks of official game conservationists: Dr. Joseph Kalbfus, who for more than two decades had been the Secretary of the Board of Game Commissioners of Pennsylvania, lost his life early in August, 1919, when an automobile in which he was returning from an official trip was struck by a train; Mr. George G. Phillips, Chairman of the Commissioners of Birds in Rhode Island, died late in the fall of 1919; Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Sec- retary of the Advisory Board on Wild Life Protection in Canada, died in thespring of 1920; and Maj. Raymond W. Pullman, Superintendent of Metropolitan Police, charged with the duty of enforcing the game laws in the District of Columbia, died in the spring of 1920; and Mr. William Dutcher, founder and president of the National Association of Audubon Societies, died July 1 , 1920. Legislative changes affecting the administration of the game laws occurred in Alabama and Massachusetts. Alabama created a depart- ment of conservation with jurisdiction over wild life and other natural resources, replacing the office of State game and fish commissioner; 1 Previous editions of this directory have been published as circulars and documents of the Biological Survey and Department Circulars, as follows: 1900, No. 28; 1901, No. 33; 1902, No. 35; 1903, No. 40; 1904, No. 44; 1905, No. 50; 1906, No. 53; 1907, No. 62; 1908, No. 65; 1909, No. 70; 1910, No. 74; 1911, No. 83; 1912, No. 88; 1913, No. 94; 1914, unnumbered; 1915, B. S. Doc. 101; 1916, B. S. Doc. 104; 1917, B. S. Doc. 108; 1918, B. S. Doc. 109; 1919, Dept. Circular 63. 59°— 20 1 2 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. and Massachusetts abolished the commission of fisheries and game and placed the work in the department of conservation under the division of fisheries and game. In 46 States and in Alaska the enforcement of game laws is intrusted to game commissioners, wardens, or other State officers; in Florida and Mississippi, to county wardens; and in the District of Columbia, to the Metropolitan Police. Several national organizations are inter- ested in the protection of birds and game, of which two are inter- national. In addition, State associations and many local organiza- tions cooperate in the work of protecting game in 35 States and Alaska. Twenty-nine States and the District of Columbia have Audubon societies, organized especially for the study and protection of nongame birds. The Bureau of Biological Survey requests prompt notification of any errors or changes in addresses herein, in order that necessary corrections may be made for future editions. Geo. A. Lawyer, Chief United States Game Warden. FEDERAL OFFICIALS. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. [Jurisdiction extended to game protection by act of May 25, 1900.] Secretory of Agriculture , E. T. Meredith, Washington, D. C. Chief, Bureau of Biological Survey, E. W. N el-on, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chief, Bureau of Biological Survey, W. C. Henderson, Washington, D. C. Chief United States Game Warden, Geo. A. Lawyer, Washington, D. C. Assistant in charge of Mammal and Bird Reservations, H. F. Stone, Washing- ton, D. C. Assistant in charge, Protection of Alaska Land Fur Animals, W. F. Bancroft, Washington, D. C. Expert in Game Conservation, T. S. Palmer, Washington, D. C. STATE OFFICIALS. [For information respecting the game laws in States and Territories which haveno State wardens, address as follows: Alaska — Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; Florida — Secretary of State, Tallahassee; Mississippi — Secretary of State, Jackson: Hawaii— Edw. M. Ehrhom, Honolulu. Game laws are published in pamphlet form in all States. For information respecting the game laws of Yukon Territory in Canada, address the Gold Commissioner, Dawson.] ALABAMA. Department of Conservation. Office of State Game and Fish Commissioner estab- lished February 19, 1907; term, four years. Department created August 14, 1919. Commissioner, John H. Wallace, jr., Montgomery (term expires January, 1921). Publications: Game Laws; Bulletins; Bird Day Annuals; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). ARIZONA. State Game Warden. Game commission established 1887; office of State game warden created 1913; term, two years. Joe V. Prochaska, Phoenix (term expires January 1, 1921). Publications: Game Laws; Reports. Directory of Game Officials, 1920. 3 ALASKA. IThe governor appoints wardens, licenses guides on the Kenai Peninsula, and issues hunting and shipping licenses.] Game Warden. Office established May 11, 1908; appropriation first available July 1, 1909; term, pleasure of governor. Governor, Thomas Riggs, jr., Juneau. Wardens, J. A. Baughman, Seward; E. A. Young, Chitina; A. E. Lucy, Ket- chikan; M. O. Solberg, Nome; Robert E. Steel, Eagle; F. A. Martin, Anchorage; Stephen R. L. Foster, Nenana; J. C. Lund, Juneau; L. F. Protzman, Fairbanks; Charlie Klontech, Sitka. Publications: Annual Reports (last, 1919). ARKANSAS. Game and Fish Commission. Established March 11, 1915; term, four years. Chairman, D. G. Beauchamp, Paragould (term expires March, 1923). C. C. Calvert, Fort Smith (term expires March, 1923). Dr. Horatio Wells, Monticello (term expires March, 1921). Lee Miles, Little Rock (term expires March, 1923). J. V. Walker, Fayetteville (term expires March, 1921). Secretary, Miss Nellie Patton, Little Rock. Chief game warden, ■ . Office of the commission, State Capitol, Little Rock. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Reports (last, 1918). CALIFORNIA. Board of Fish and Game Commissioners. Board of fish commissioners established April 2, 1870; jurisdiction extended to game 1878; title changed 1909; term, pleasure of governor. President, F. M. Newbert, Forum Building, Sacramento. M. J. Connell, Union League Building, . Los Angeles. E. L. Bosqui, 215 Leidesdorff Street, San Francisco. Executive officer, Chas. A. Vogelsang, Postal Telegraph Building, San Francisco. Office of the board, Postal Telegraph Building, San Francisco. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Quarterly Bulletin; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). COLORADO. State Game and Fish Commissioner. Office of State fish commissioner established March 10, 1877; jurisdiction extended to game 1891. Present office established April 27, 1899 ; 2 term indefinite — under civil service. Roland G. Parvin, State Capitol, Denver. Deputy commissioner, J. L. Gray, Fort Collins. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports. CONNECTICUT. State Board of Fisheries and Game. Appointment of commissioners on fisheries first authorized in 1867; jurisdiction extended to game April 30, 1895; reorganized, 1913; term, four years. President, William K. Mollan, Bridgeport (term expires 1922). Vice president, Frederick N. Manross, Forestville (term expires 1921). Secretary, Charles H. Pease, Canaan (term expires 1921). Philip C. Arnold, Haddam (term expires 1921). J. H. McLaughlin, Jewett City (term expires 1921). Gen. John W. Atwood, Wauregan (term expires 1922). Dr. Leonard C. Sanford, New Haven (term expires 1922). William McMullen, Somersville (term expires 1922). Superintendent, John M. Crampton, Room 64, State Capitol, Hartford. Office of the commission, Room 64, State Capitol, Hartford. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). 2 From 1897 to 1899 the title was State Forest, Game, and Fish Commissioner. 4 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. DELAWARE. Board of Game and Fish Commissioners* Established March, 1911; term, six years. President, Edward G. Bradford, jr., Wilmington (term expires September, 1923). Vice president, William H. Reed, Dover (term expires September, 1925). Secretary and treasurer, H. C. Davis, Laurel (term expires September, 1921). Chief game and fish warden, John P. Le Fevre, Dover. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Metropolitan Police. 4 Superintendent, Maj. H. L. Gessford, Washington. Lieut. Russel Dean, commanding river patrol boat, Washington. GEORGIA. Department of Game and Fish. Office established August 21, 1911; term, two years. Commissioner, S. J. Slate, Atlanta (term expires September 1, 1921). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Bulletins; Annual Reports. IDAHO. Department of Law Enforcement. Office of fish and game warden established March 13, 1899. Department established February 19, 1919, and fish and game bureau established March 14, 1919. Fish and Game Bureau: State fish and game warden, Otto M. Jones, Boise (term expires December 31, 1921). Chief deputy, D. P. Rich. Boise. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). ILLINOIS. Department of Agriculture. Offioe of State game commissioner established April 24, 1899; game and fish conservation commission established July 1, 1913; game and fish commission established July 1, 1915; present department established July 1, 1917. Director of agriculture, Charles Adkins, Springfield (term expires January, 1921). Chief game and fish warden, Ralph F. Bradford, Springfield (term expires January, 1921). Office of the department, State Capitol, Springfield. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Annual Reports. INDIANA. Department of Conservation. Office of commissioner of fisheries established in 1881; jurisdiction extended to game, birds, and fur-bearing animals, February 13, 1899. Department of conservation (4 members) , created March 11, 1919; term, four years. Chairman, W. A. Guthrie, State House, Indianapolis. Director (executive of department), Richard Lieber, State House, Indianapolis (term pleasure of commissioners). Division of Fish and Game: Superintendent, Geo. N. Mannfeld, State House, Indianapolis. Publications: Laws relating to natural resources, including fish and game laws; Year Book; and special bulletins and findings. IOWA. State Fish and Game Warden. Office established October 1, 1897 ; term, three years. W. E. Albert, Lansing (term expires March 31, 1922). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). State Board of Conservation. Created under act of April 12, 1917, to investigate and acquire sites for public State parks and otherwise conserve the wild life of the State. Chairman, Dr. L. H. Pammel, Ames. Joseph Kelso, Jr., Bellevue. John F. Ford, Fort Dodge. Secretary, Edgar R. Harlan, Des Moines. 8 From 1879 to 1911 the enforcement of the game laws was intrusted to the Delaware Game Protective Association. 4 Has jurisdiction over matters pertaining to game. Directory of Game Officials , 1920. 5 KANSAS. State Fish and Game Warden. Office of commissioner of fisheries established 1877. Present office established July 1, 1905; term, four years. Alva Clapp, Pratt (term expires April 18, 1923). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Bulletins; Biennial Reports. KENTUCKY. Game and Fish Commission. Established March 12, 1912; term, four years. Chairman, Joseph G. Sachs, Sachs’ Law Building, Louisville (term expired June, 1920). Thomas H. Clay, Austerlitz (term expired June, 1920). Alanson Trigg, Glasgow (term expires June, 1922). J. E. Crider, jr., Fredonia (term expires June, 1922). Executive agent, Dr. R. S. Tuttle, Frankfort (term expired June, 1920). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1919). LOUISIANA. Department of Conservation. Originally established as the board of commissioners for the protection of birds, game, and fish, July 9, 1908. Conservation com- mission established July, 1912; reorganized as a department of conservation, 1916; term, four years. Commissioner, M. L. Alexander, New Orleans (term expires August, 1920). Office of the commissioner, Court Building, New Orleans. Publications: Fish, Oyster, Game, Mineral, and Forestry Laws; Economic Bulletins; Biennial Reports (last, 1920). MAINE. Commissioner of Inland Fisheries and Game. Appointment of commissioners of fisheries . authorized February 21, 1878; jurisdiction extended to game 1880; commissioners of inland fisheries and game established March 8, 1899; present office of commissioner established July 7, 1917; term, three years. Willis E. Parsons, State House, Augusta (term expires February 13, 1921). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports. MARYLAND. Conservation Commission. Office of game warden established April 4, 1896; reor- ganized April 10, 1904. Present commission established June 4, 1916; term, four years. Chairman, Harrison W. Vickers, Chestertown (term expires 1924). Edward O. Weant, Westminster (term expires 1924). Edmund J. Plowden, Bush wood (term expires 1924). State game warden, E. Lee Le Compte, 512 Munsey Building, Baltimore (term ex- pires June, 1922). Chief deputy game warden, Chas. F. Smith, Baltimore. Office of the commission, 512 Munsey Building, Baltimore. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports. MASSACHUSETTS. 5 Department of Conservation. Organized as commissioners of fisheries in 1865; juris- diction extended to game 1886. Present department created July 23, 1919. Commissioner, Wm. A. L. Bazeley, State House, Boston (term expires December 1, 1920). Division of Fisheries and Game: Director, W T m. C. Adams, State House, Boston (term expires December 20, 1920). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). s MICHIGAN. Public Domain Commission. Game and fish warden department established March 15, 1887; jurisdiction extended to forestry, and department reorganized in 1907; placed under jurisdiction of public domain commission in 1915. Game , Fish, and Forest Fire Department: Commissioner, John Baird, Lansing (term expires June 30, 1923). Chief deputy ,_ David R. Jones, Lansing (term expires July 1, 1920). Publications: Biennial Reports (last, 1917—18) ; Game and Fish Laws (published by secretary of state). 5 The first wardens were apparently the special officers to protect deer authorized under the acts of 1739 (chap. 3, sec. 4) and 1764 (chap. 28, sec. 3). In the latter act they were called “deer reeves.” 6 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. MINNESOTA. State Game and Fish Commissioner. Appointment of commissioner of fisheries originally authcrized March 5, 1874. Office of (State) game warden created March 8, 1887; term, four years. Board of game and fish commissioners estab- lished April 20, 1891; reorganized 1901. Office of State game and fish commis- sioner established August 1, 1915; term, four years. Carlos Avery, State Capitol, St. Paul (term expires August 1, 1923). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Bulletins; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). MISSOURI. Game and Fish Commissioner. Office of game and fish warden established April 8, 1895; reorganized June 17, 1905; term, two years. Present office established August 16, 1909; term, four years; fish commission abolished and game and fish commissioner authorized to perform its duties in 1919. Timothy Birmingham, Jefferson City (term expires August, 1923). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Annual Reports. MONTANA. Game and Fish Commission. Board of game and fish commissioners established March 14, 1895. Replaced by State game and fish warden March 18, 1901. Present commission established March 13, 1913; term, four years. Chairman, J. L. Kelley, Anaconda (term expires March 13, 1921). Secretary and State game warden, J. L. Be Hart, Helena (term expires April, 1921). Nelson Story, jr., Bozeman (term expires March 13, 1923). M. D. Baldwin, Kalispell (term expires March 13, 1921). Thos. N. Marlowe, Missoula (term expires March 13, 1923). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). NEBRASKA. Game and Fish Commission. . Established July 1, 1901; term, two years. Commissioner, Gov. Samuel R. McKelvie, Lincoln ( term expires January, 1921). Chief deputy, George G. Koster, Lincoln (term expires January, 1921). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). NEVADA. State Fish and Game Warden. Established March 27, 1917; term, four years. C. W. Grover, Carson City (term expires April 1, 1921). Publications: Fish and Game Laws. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Fish and Game Commissioner. Original fish commission established June 30, 1865. Board of fish and game commissioners established 1878; term, five years. Present office established June 1, 1913; term, three years. Mott L. Bartlett, Sunapee (term expires June 1, 1922). Chief clerk, Chas. B. Clarke, State House, Concord. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). NEW JERSEY. Board of Fish and Game Commissioners. Appointment of commissioners of fisheries first authorized March 17, 1870; jurisdiction extended to game 1894. Board of fish and game commissioners established March 22, 1895; reorganized 1917; term, five years. President, Ernest Napier, East Orange (term expires November 26, 1922V Treasurer, William A. Logue, Bridgeton (term expires November 25, 1925). Wm. B. Boulton, Morristown (term expires November 25, 1924). Jasper Lynch, Lakewood (term expires March 23, 1922). Amos H. Radcliffe, Paterson (term expires March 23, 1922). Robertson S. Ward, East Orange (term expires March 23, 1922). Alex. II. Phillips, Princeton (term expires November 25, 1923). Secretary, Walter H. Fell, Trenton. Fish and game protector, James M. Stratton, North Long Branch. Office of the board and of the secretary, State Capitol, Trenton. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports. Directory of Game Officials, 1920. 7 NEW MEXICO. Department of Game and Fish. Office of game and fish warden established March 12, 1903: term, two years. Department created June 14, 1912. Game and fish warden, Thomas P. Gable, Santa Fe (term expires 1921). Chief deputy, J. M. Larrazola, Santa Fe. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). NEW YORK. Conservation Commission. Originally established as a commission of fisheries in 1868. Office of chief game and fish protector created in 1888. Forest, fish, and game commission established in 1895 and reorganized March 12, 1901. Department of conservation established July 12, 1911; term, six years. Reorganized April 16, 1915, under one commissioner. Commissioner, George D. Pratt, Albany (term expires December 31, 1920). Deputy commissioner, Alexander Macdonald, St. Regis Falls. Secretary, Warwick S. Carpenter, Albany. Chief game protector, Llewellyn Legge, Albany. Office of the commission, 158 State Street, Albany. Publications: Conservation Laws, including Forest, Fish, and Game Laws; Maps; Annual Reports (last, 1919); bulletins on forestry, wild life, and water power; The Conservationist. NORTH CAROLINA. Audubon Society of North Carolina . 6 Organized March 11, 1902; incorporated March 6,1903. President, Dr. R. H. Lewis, Raleigh. Secretary, P. H. Underwood, 512 Tucker Building, Raleigh. Publications: Local Game Laws; Circulars. NORTH DAKOTA. Game and Fish Board. Established April 1, 1909; reorganized April 1, 1911; term, four years. President, Charles MacLachlan, New Rockford (term expires April, 1921). Vice president, C. E. Manning, Fargo (term expires April 1, 1923). Secretary, George M. Hogue, Steele (term expires April, 1923). Fish commissioner, J. H. Bloom, Devils Lake (term expires April, 1921). District Gamx Wardens. Office originally established as State game warden in 1895; changed to district game warden in 1903. Chief warden, District No. 1 (northern), B. J. Monaghan, Upham (term expires April 1, 1921). Chief warden, District No. 2 (southern), W. F. Reko, Mandan (term expires April 1,1921). “ * Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports. OHIO. Board of Agriculture. Appointment of commissioners of fisheries first authorized May 3, 1873; jurisdiction extended to game and commission reorganized May 17, 1886. Agricultural commission established 1913. Board of agriculture (10 mem- bers) established July 22, 1915. Secretary of board of agriculture given juris- diction over game, birds, and fish, July 1, 1917. Secretary and chief executive officer, N. E. Shaw, Columbus. Fish and Game Division: Chief warden, A. C. Baxter, Columbus. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). OKLAHOMA. State Game and Fish Commission. Office of State game and fish warden established March 10, 1899; reorganized 1909; commission established July 1, 1913. Governor, J. B. A. Robertson, Oklahoma City. Secretary of state, Joe Morris, Oklahoma City. State game and fish warden, Ben Watt, State Capitol, Oklahoma City. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Reports. 6 Acts as a State department and administers the game laws in the counties under its Jurisdiction. 8 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. OREGON. State Board of Fish and Game Commissioners. Office of game and fish protector estab- lished in 1893; term, two years. Game and forestry warden established Febru- ary 18, 1899; term, four years. Present board established May 21, 1911; term, four years. Board reorganized in 1915 and again in 1920. Ex officio chairman, Gov. Ben W. Olcott, Salem. Chairman, E. V. Carter, Ashland (term, one year). Game Commissioners: I. N. Fleischner, Portland (term expires March 1, 1925). Marion Jack, Pendleton (term expires March 1, 1925). John Gill, Portland (term expires March 1, 1923). E. C. Simmons, Eugene (term expires March 1, 1923). C. F. Stone, Klamath Falls (term expires March 1, 1923). State game warden, A. E. Burghduff, Oregon Building, Portland (term expires at pleasure of board). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Oregon Sportsman (quarterly); Annual Reports (last, 1919). PENNSYLVANIA. Board of Game Commissioners. Board established 1895; term, three years. President, Dr. Charles B. Penrose, 1331 Spruce Street, Philadelphia (term expires JohnM. Phillips, 2227 Jane Street, Pittsburgh (term expires 1920). W. B. McCaleb, Harrisburg (term expires 1922). Dr. H. J. Donaldson, Williamsport (term expires 1921). John S. Speer, St. Marys (term expires 1920). Win. S. Ellis, Bryn Mawr (term expires 1922). Secretary and chief game protector, Seth E. Gordon, Harrisburg. Office of the board, Franklin Building, Harrisburg. Publications: Game, Fish, and Forestry Laws; Bulletins; Annual Reports (last, 1919). RHODE ISLAND. Commissioners of Birds. Commission established June, 1899; term, three years. Chairman, Everett L. Walling, 1022 Hospital Trust Building, Providence. E. W. Kent, Newport. Prof. John Barlow, Kingston. Alexander G. Fales, Bristol. Byron A. Northrup, Anthony. All terms expire January 31, 1923. Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). SOUTH CAROLINA. Chief Game Warden. Office established February 25, 1910; term, four years. W. H. Gibbes, Columbia (term expires April 1, 1921). Publications: State Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). SOUTH DAKOTA. State Game and Fish Commission. Office of State game warden established July 1, 1909; term, two years. Commission established July 1, 1913. Chairman, Gov. Peter Norbeck (term expires January, 1921). Attorney general. Byron S. Payne, Pierre (term expires January, 1921). State' game warden, H. S. Hedrick, Pierre (term expires July 1, 1921). Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). TENNESSEE. State Game and Fish Warden. Office of State warden established April 11, 1903; depart- ment of game, fish, and forestry established April 15, 1905; term, eight years; department of game and fish established May 17, 1915. W. D. Howser, Nashville (term expires April 17, 1921). Publications: Game and Fish Bulletins; Reports (last, 1919). Directory of Game Officials, 1920. 9 TEXAS. Game , Fish, and Oyster Commissioner . Office of fish and oyster commissioner estab- lished 1S95; jurisdiction extended to game in 1907, in 1911 to control and sale of sand and shell in public coastal waters, and in 1919 to gravel and sand in all inland public waters; term, two years. J. R. Jefferson, Austin (term expires 1921). Chief deputy, . Publications: Game, Fish, Oyster, Sand, Shell, and Gravel Laws; Reports. UTAH. Stale Fish and Game Commissioner. Office established 1890; reorganized in 1897 and 1899 ; 7 term, four years. R. H. Siddoway, Capitol Building, Salt Lake City (term expires March 15, 1921). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). VERMONT. Fish and Gime Commissioner. Fish commission established in 1867 ; reorganized as a fish and game commission November 22, 1892. Present office established Decem- ber 7, 1904; term, two years. Linus Leavens, Montpelier (term expires February 1, 1921). Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). VIRGINIA. Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. Office of commissioner of fisheries estab- lished 1875; jurisdiction extended to game and department of game and inland fisheries organized March 11, 1916. Commissioner, F. Nash Bilisoly, Richmond. Chief clerk, M. D. Hart, Richmond. Office of commission, 6-8 North 6th Street, Richmond. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Reports (last, 1919). WASHINGTON. State Fish Commissioner and Style Game Warden. Office of game warden established February 6, 1890. State fish commissioner made game warden March 13, 1899 Office reorganized March 19, 1913; term, four years. L. H. Darwin, Box 3S4, Seattle (term expires April 1, 1922). Chief deputy, Frank Bryant, Yakima. Publications: Game, Fish, and Trapping Laws; Annual Reports. WEST VIRGINIA. Forest , Game , and Fish Warden. Office of game and fish warden established May 18, 1897; reorganized 1909; term, four years. Clare W. Harding, Elkins (term expires February 20, 1922). Chief deputy, Garfield Skidmore, Elkins (term expires February 20, 1922). Chief deputy, J. M. England, Athens (term expires February 20, 1922). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Biennial Reports (last, 1918). WISCONSIN. State Conservation Commission. Office of State fish and game warden established ^ May 5, 1891; present commission established July, 1915 (term, six years). Chairman, W. E. Barber, Madison (term expires February, 1925). James Nevin, Madison (term expires February, 1921). C. L. Harrington, Madison (term expires February , 1923). Secretary, R. S. Scheibel, Madison. Publications: Game and Fish Laws; The Conservationist (bi-monthlvL Biennial Reports (last., 1918). 7 From 1897 to 1899 the title of the office was State fish and game warden. 59° — 2Q 2 10 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. WYOMING. State Game Commission. Office of fish commissioner established 1879, 8 jurisdiction extended to game 1895. Office of State game warden established February 15, 1899; term, four years. Present commission established February 18, 1911. President, Gov. Robert D. Carey, Cheyenne (terms expires January, 1923). Secretary of state, Wm. E. Chaplin, Cheyenne (term expires January, 1923). State auditor, I. C. Jefferis, Cheyenne (term expires January, 1923). State game warden, William T. Judkins, Cheyenne (term expires February 22. 1923). Publications: Game and Fish Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). CANADA. Advisory Board on Wild Life Protection (Interdepartmental). Established December 28, 1916. Advises in the administration of the northwest game act and the migratory birds convention act, and also advises the Dominion Government on questions affecting the conservation of wild life generally; assists Provincial governments wherever possible and promotes cooperative measures between governments. Chairman, James White, Commissioner of Conservation, Ottawa. Acting Secretary, Hoyes Lloyd, Dominion Parks Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. D. C. Scott, Department of Indian Affairs, Ottawa; Dr. R. M. Anderson, Geological Survey, Ottawa; J. B. Harkin, Commissioner of Dominion Parks, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Dominion Paries Branch , Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Administers the migratory birds convention act. Commissioner, J. B. Harkin. Ornithologist and supervisor of wild life protection, Hoyes Lloyd. Publications: Migratory Birds Convention Act and Regulations; Pamphlets. ALBERTA. Department of Agriculture* Office of chief game guardian established 1905. 10 Minister, Duncan Marshall, Edmonton. Deputy minister, H. A. Craig, Edmonton. Chief game guardian, Benjamin Lawton, Edmonton. Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Game Conservation Board. Office of Provincial game and forest warden established 1905 ; titled changed to Provincial game warden, 1909 ; present board established by act of 1918, as amended* in 1919, and game department placed under the superintendent of Provincial police, who becomes also ex officio Provincial game warden. Chairman, Dr. A. R. Baker, Vancouver. Secretary, R. E. Hose, Vancouver. Provincial game warden, Wm. G. McMynn, Victoria. F. A. Dunn, Cranbrook. j Office of the board, courthouse, Vancouver. Publications: Game Laws; Bulletins. MANITOBA. Department of Agriculture and Immigration . 9 Office of chief game guardian established August, 1898. Minister, Valentine Winkler, Winnipeg. Chief game guardian, Charles Barber, Winnipeg. Publications: Game Protection Act; Annual Reports. NEW BRUNSWICK. Crown Land Department * Office of chief game commissioner established 1878; change to chief wardens made in 1909; one chief warden, 1913. Minister lands and mines, Dr. E. A. Smith, Shediac. Deputy minister lands and mines, T. G. Loggie, Fredericton. L. A. Gagnon, chief game and fire warden, Fredericton. Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports. 8 From 1882 to 1884 the duties were performed by a board of six fish commissioners. 9 Has jurisdiction over matters pertaining to game. 10 Prior to 1905 the duties were performed by the chief game guardian of the Northwest Territories, an officer first appointed in 1902. Directory of Game Officials , 1920. 11 NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Dominion Paris Branch , Department of the Interior, Ottawa, administers the north- west game act. (See also Advisory Board on Wild Life Protection (Interde- partmental), p. 10.) Commissioner, J. B. Harkin. Ornithologist and supervisor of wild life protection, Hoyes Lloyd. Publications: Northwest Game Act. NOVA SCOTIA. Board of Game Commissioners Established April 16, 1908. (Duties formerly exer- cised by Nova Scotia game and inland fishery protection society.) Chief game commissioner, J. A. Knight, K. C.,"St. Paul Building' Halifax. Associate commissioners, W. W. Osborne, New Glasgow R. S. Kelley, Yarmouth. Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). ONTARIO. Department of Game and Fisheries. Office of chief game warden established 1892; office of superintendent of game and fisheries established 1907; department of game and fisheries established 1914. Minister, F. C. Biggs, Parliament Building, Toronto. Deputy minister, D. McDonald, Parliament Building, Toronto. Superintendent, George H. Rapsey, Parliament Building, Toronto Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports (last, 1919). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Game Inspector . n Office established April 21, 1906; term, pleasure of lieutenant governor in council. Chief game officer, migratory birds, Maritime Provinces, Robie W. Tufts, Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Publications: Annual Reports. QUEBEC. Department of Colonization , Mines and Fisheries — Fisheries and Game Branch. Office of game superintendent established June 10, 1884; reorganized in 1897 and 1906. Minister, J. E. Perrault, Quebec. Deputy minister, S. Dufault, Quebec. Special (expert) officer, E. T. D. Chambers, Quebec. General superintendent of fisheries and game, Hector Caron, Quebec. Assistant superintendent of fisheries and game, Eug. Hamel, Quebec. General inspector of fisheries and game, J. A. Bellisle, Quebec. Publications: Fish and Game Laws; Annual Reports. SASKATCHEWAN. Department of Agriculture. 12 Office of the chief game guardian established 1905. 13 Minister of agriculture, C. A. Dunning, Regina. Deputy minister, F. H. Auld, Regina. Chief game guardian, Fred Bradshaw, Regina. Publications: Annual Reports (last, 1919). NEWFOUNDLAND. Game and Inland Fisheries Board. Department of marine and fisheries, with juris- diction over matters pertaining to game, established March 10, 1898. Game and inland fisheries board authorized May 10, 1906; organized 1909; established by act of Parliament, 1910. President, minister of marine and fisheries, Hon. W. F. Coaker, St. Johns. Vice president, Thomas Winter, St. Johns. First assistant vice president, Alexander McDougall, St. Johns. Second assistant vice president, W. H. Rennie, St. Johns. Secretary, Gower Rabbitts, St. Johns. Publications: Game Laws; Annual Reports. 11 Sheriffs act as game inspectors in their respective counties. 12 Has jurisdiction over matters pertaining to game. “ Pr L° r t° 1905 the duties were performed by the chief game guardian of the Northwest Territories, an officer first appointed in 1902. ’ 12 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. Advisory Board, Migratory-Bird Treaty Act. Appointed September 17, 1918. Chairman, John B. Burnham, president American game protective and propagation association, 233 Broadway, New York City; William C. Adams, director division of fisheries and game, State "House, Boston, Mass. ; M. L. Alexander, conservation com- missioner, New Orleans, La. ; Brooke Anderson, secretary Chicago camp fire club, 208 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111.; Carlos Avery, State game and fish commis- sioner, St. Paul, Minn. ; W. E. Barber, chairman conservation commission, Madison, Wis.; Edward G. Bradford, jr., president board of game and fish commissioners, Wil- mington, Del.; Alva Clapp, State fish and game warden, Pratt, Kans.; William L. Finley, 651 East Madison Street, Portland, Oreg.; E. H. Forbush, State ornitholo- gist, State House, Boston, Mass. ; George Bird Grinnell, president Boone and Crockett club, 238 East Fifteenth Street, New York City; Dr. Wm. T. Hornaday, director New York Zoological Park, New York City; George G. Koster, chief deputy game and fish commission, Lincoln, Nebr. ; Clark McAdams, St. Louis Post Dispatch, St. Louis, Mo.; Marshall McLean, attorney New York conservation commission, Albany, N. Y.; I. S. Myers, fish and game cominittee, board of agriculture, Akron, Ohio; F. M. Newbert, president, board of fish and game commissioners, Forum Building, Sacramento, Calif.; Clinton M. Odell, 120 Northwestern National life Insurance Building, Minneapolis, Minn. ; T. Gilbert Pearson, . secretary national association of Audubon societies, 1974 Broadway, New York City; George Shiras, 3d, Marquette, Mich. ; John H. Wallace, jr., commissioner department of conserva- tion, Montgomery, Ala. Advisory Board on Wild Life Protection (Interdepartmental) — Canada. Established December 28, 1916. (See page 10.) American Bison Society. Organized December 8, 1905. President, Edmund Seymour, 45 Wall Street, New York City. Secretary, M. S. Garretson, 8 Union Avenue, Clifton, N. J. American Game Protective and Propagation Association. Incorporated Sep- tember 25, 1911. President, John B. Burnham, 233 Broadway, New York City. Secretary, George M. Fayles, 233 Broadway, New York City. American Ornithologists’ Union — Committee on Protection of North American Birds. Established October 1, 1884. Chairman, Dr. A. K. Fisher, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Boone and Crockett Club. Founded December, 1887. President, George Bird Grinnell, 238 East Fifteenth Street, New York City. Acting secretary, Chas. Stewart Davison, 59 Wall Street, New York City. Chairman, game preservation committee, Morgan Davis, 66 Broadway, New York City. Camp Fire Club of America. Organized 1903; incorporated 1904. President, Marshall McLean, care Conservation Commission, Albany, N. Y. Secretary, Arthur F. Rice, 15 East Fortieth Street, New York City. International Association of Game, Fish, and Conservation Commissioners. Organized July 20, 1902; reorganized February 11, 1904; organized as international association August 29, 1917. President, J. Quincy Ward, R. D. No. 1, Cynthiana, Ky. Secretary, Carlos Avery, St. Paul, Minn. National Association of Audubon Societies. Organized as a national com- mittee, April 4, 1902; incorporated January 5, 1905. President, . Secretary, T. Gilbert Pearson, 1974 Broadway, New York City. National Educators Conservation Society. Organized January 15, 1916. President, Prof. Charles L. Bristol, New York University, New York City. Secretary, Nomer Gray, High School of Commerce, 120 W. 46th Street, New York City. New York Zoological Society. Incorporated April 26, 1895. (This society takes an active part in the protection of birds and game.) President, Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. » Vice president and secretary, Madison Grant, 111 Broadway, New York City. Directory of Game Officials, 1920 . 13 NoE ™ 1900 RICAN FlSH AND GAME Pkotective Association. Organized January President, . Senior vice president, John W. Titcomb, 379 Quail Street, Albany N Y Secretary-treasurer, E. T. D. Chambers, Quebec. Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund. Founded 1914. 'Trustees, Dr. William T Homaday, New York Zoological* Park, New York City York^City iie P blim > ^ ew ^ ork City; Clark Williams, 37 Liberty Street, New The Game Conservation Society, Inc. Secretary, John C. Huntington, 150 Nassau Street, New York City. STATE ORGANIZATIONS. [Organisations not heard from in 1920 are marked with an asterisk (*).] Alabama Game and Game Fish Protective Association. President, George Stuart, Montgomery. Secretary, Julius Frank, Montgomery. *Alaska Fish and Game^Club. President, Charles Golds! ein, Juneau. Secretary-treasurer, C. D. Garfield, Juneau. Camfornua Associated Societies for the Conservation of Wild Life President, Dr. William F. Bade, 2616 College Avenue, Berkeley Secretary, A. S. Kibbe, 1534 Grove Street, Berkeley. ^uly l^igi^^ FlSH ’ Game ’ and Forest Protective League. Organized (Formerly California Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized May 26, 1900 ) President, J. B. Hauer, 333 Pine Street, San Francisco. Secretary, N. A. Martin, 333 Pine Street, San Francisco. Connecticut Fish and Game Protective Association. Organized June 17 1909 ■ incorporated September 10, 1909. ’ President, George H. Scranton, New Haven. Secretary and treasurer, H. P. Carter, Ansonia. Delaware State Sportsmen’s Association. Organized January 30, 1912. President, M . A. Simonton, 1048 DuPont Building, Wilmington Secretary, W. W. Terrill, 5054 DuPont Building, Wilmington. Florida Wild Life League. Organized June 4, 1920 President, Dr. Geo. S. Stone, Fort Myers. Secretary, A. W. Davidson, Fort Myers. Illinois Fish and Game League. Organized September 3, 1912. President, F. M. Howk, Joliet. Secretary, W. O. Skeels, Hinsdale. Illinois Sportsmen’s League. Organized 1913. President, H. C. Norcross, Carlyle. Secretary, August Semmelroth, Belleville. lN £ ANA Fisr ; £ aSie > an P Forest League. Organized October 26, 1911. Piesident, Walter Shirts, Noblesville. Secretary, Andrew E. Bodine, 135 Branson Street, Marion. Iowa Conservation Association. Organized November 16 1901 President, Dr. LI. S. Conard, Grinnell. Secretary, G. B. MacDonald, Iowa State College, Ames. IO prtovi ISH + A w D j? A t^ E Conserv a ti ° n Association. Organized January 11, 1915, President, W. O. Ewmger, Burlington. Secretary, G. A. Begeman, Burlington. Kansas State Game Protective Association. President, W. A. Ayres, House of Representatives, Washington, D C Secretary, A. J. Applegate, 120 S. Main Street, Wichita, Kans. ' ' 14 Department Circular i3i, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Kentucky Fish and Game Protective Association. Organized February 22, 1909'. President, Thomas J. Batman, Tyler Building, Louisville. Secretary, Eugene Stuart, Seelbach Hotel, Louisville. Maine Sportsmen’s Fish and Game Association. Chartered 1893. President, Merton French, Bangor. Secretary, L. W. Somers, Bangor. Maryland State Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized March. 5, 1895; incorporated May 13, 1898. President, Leonard M. Levering, 38 West Biddle Street, Baltimore^ Secretary, William H. Fisher, Stock Exchange Building, 210 East Redwood Street,. Baltimore. Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective Association. Chartered March 29,. 1877 (Formerly Massachusetts Anglers’ Association. Chartered March 18, 1874.) President, William A. Morse, Equitable Building, Boston. Secretary, George W. Wiggin, 945 Tremont Building, Boston. Michigan Sportsman’s Association. (Formerly Michigan Wild Life Conservation Association, ganized January 28, 1915. ) President, Gustavus D. Pope, Detroit. Secretary, Albert Stoll, jr., Birmingham. Organized April 19, 1907, and reor- Minnesota Game Protective League. Organized March 10, 1913. President, Jas. A. Lawrie, Duluth. Secretary, C. H. Dunning, Duluth. Missouri Fish and Game League. Organized January 26, 1911; incorporated. January 25, 1912. President, Samuel C. Davis, Security Building, St. Louis. . Secretary, Herbert Taylor, 416 North Fourth Street, St. Louis. ^Nebraska State Sportsmen’s Association. Organized 1876. President, J. F. Smith, Hastings. Secretary, George L. Carter, 425 S. 29th Street, Lincoln. [Nevada! Washoe Fish and Game Protective Association. (Formerly Nevada Wish ar.d Game Protective Association. Organized February 19, 1909. President, H. H. Kennedy, Reno National Bank, Reno. Secretary-treasurer, Geo. I. James, 212 North Virginia Street, Reno. > New Mexico Game Protective Association. Organized 1915. President, Chas. Springer, Cimarron. Secretary, Aldo Leopold, Albuquerque. New York Association for the Protection of Game. Founded May 20, 1844; incorporated 1884. . President, Col. Alfred Wagstaff, 29 Madison Avenue, New York City. Secretary, Robert B. Lawrence, 43 Cedar Street, New York City. New York State Fish, Game and Forest League. Organized 1897; incorporated April 16, 1898. 0 _ . . 1Qfi , . (Formerly New York State Association for the Protection ofFishand Game. Organized 1S85.) President, Frank D. Sargent, Albany. Secretary, L. C. Andrews, Elmira. North Dakota State Game Protective Association. Organized 1917; incor- porated March 22, 1917. President, Joes. Crosth waite, Mandan. Secretary, C. E. Edquest, Mandan. North Dakota State Sportsmen’s Association. Organized 1894. President, Clarence H. Parker, Minot, Secretary, R. W. Pence, Minot. [Ohio] League of Ohio Sportsmen. Organized February 7, 1913. President, Hon. W. Meredith Yeatman, Cincinnati. Secretary, J. F. Atwood, Columbus. Oklahoma State Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized Decem- ber 11, 1908. President, S. H. Harris, Oklahoma City. Secretary, J. C. Clark, 215 West 12th Street, Oklahoma City. Directory of Game Officials , 1920. 15 Oregon Fish and Game Association. Organized January 28, 1899. President, John Gill, Third and Alder Streets, Portland. Secretary, A. E. Gebhardt, Box 269, Portland. Oregon Sportsmen’s League. Organized March 16, 1914. President, Dr. Arthur- K. Downs, Multnomah. Secretary and treasurer, S. C. Bartrum, Roseburg. Pennsylvania State Sportsmen’s Association. Organized August 22, 1890- incorporated 1892. President, Robt. J. Gumbert, Pittsburgh. Secretary, Frederic A. Godcharles, Milton. [Pennsylvania] United Sportsmen of Pennsylvania. Organized April 1, 1908. u, President, David Prichard, Scranton. Corresponding secretary, S. W. Edgar, Scranton. [Pennsylvania] Wild Life League of Pennsylvania. Organized January 12, President, R. T. Brown, Elwood City. Secretary, Jas. B. Sansom, Commercial Building, Pittsburgh. South. Dakota Game and Fish Protective Association. President, C. M. Buchanan, Mitchell. Secretary-treasurer, H. F. Chapman, Box 846, Sioux Falls. Tennessee Fish and Game Protective Association. Organized in 1904. President, Josenh H. Acklen, Nashville. Secretary, O. F. Noel, Noel Block, Nashville. Texas Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized May 21, 1912. (The original Texas Game Protection Association was organized in September, 1896 ) President, Dr. Wesley Peacock, San Antonio. Secretary, Geo. C. Shupee, San Antonio. [Utah] Weber County Rod and Gun Association. Organized February 19, 1919. President, A. T. Hestmark, Ogden. Secretary, A. F. Larson, Ogden. Vermont Fish and Game League. Incorporated November 21, 1890. President, L. H. Greene, Montpelier. Secretary, Dr. H. L. Pasche, Burlington. [V irginia] Eastern Shore Game Protective Association of Virginia. Organ- ized 1893 ; incorporated March, 1894. President, Dr. J. W. Bowdoin, Bloxom. Secretary and treasurer, T. W. Blackstone, Accomac. Virginia Game and Game Fish Protective Association. Organized Febru- ary 15, 1905; reorganized May 23, 1913. President, Jas. Taylor Robertson, Box 1039, Richmond. Secretary-treasurer, C. M. Hogge, Box 1039, Richmond. Washington State Sportsmen’s Association. Organized 3917. (Formerly Washington Game Protective and Propagation Association. 21, 1911.) Chairman, Earl A. Fry, Seattle. Secretary, R. B. Nason, 622 Bankers Trust Building, Tacoma. Organized November * Washington State Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized De- cember 4, 1903; incorporated . President, Frank A. Pontius, Seattle. Secretary, F. L. Wilkins, County Building, Seattle. West Virginia Fish and Game Protective Association. Organized November 14, 1906. President, F. M. Glenn, Parsons. Secretary, Calvin Price, Marlinton. Wisconsin Game Protective Association. Organized May 28, 1912. Incor- porated, 1916. President, Mark S. Catlin, Appleton. Secretary- treasurer, Clarence J. Allen, Box 738, Milwaukee. 16 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. [Wisconsin] Wild Life Protective Society. Organized February 15, 1916. Incorporated April 16, 1917. President, Clarence J. Allen, Box 738, Milwaukee. Secretary, Chas. I. Foster, 534 Caswell Block, Milwaukee. Wyoming Game Protective Association. Organized February 4, 1916. President, Sam W. Aldrich, Ishawooa. Secretary. I. H. Larom, Valley. CANADA. Canadian Society for the Protection of Birds. Organized December 16, 1914; incorporated January 28, 1915. President, Frank F. Payne, Meteorological Observatory, Toronto. Secretary, Miss Laura "B. Durand, MacLean Building, 153 University Avenue, Toronto. Manitoba Game Protective Association. Organized April 2, 1905. President, A. Code, Winnipeg. Secretary-treasurer, J. P. Turner, 403 Merchants Bank Building, Winnipeg. Nova Scotia Guides’ Association. Organized 1909. President, F. A. Graham, Halifax. Secretary and treasurer, J. Allen, Yarmouth. Ontario Forest, Fish, and Game Protective Association. Organized June 7, 1905. President, . Secretary-treasurer, Lt. Col. A. Kelly Evans, Toronto Club, Toronto. Prince Edward Island Game and Fish Protective Association. Organized September 1, 1905; incorporated April 21, 1906. President, Albert E. Morrison, Charlottetown. Secretary, J. A. McMillan, Charlottetown. [Quebec] Province of Quebec Association for the Protection of Fish and Game. Organized February 23, 1859. President, L. A. Amos, Montreal. Secretary, J. R. Innes, 286 St. James Street, Imperial Bank Building, Montreal. [Quebec] Sportsmen’s Fish and Game Protective Associations of the Frov ince of Quebec. Incorporated 1901. President, John S. Thom, 123 Ramparts, Quebec. Secretary, Charles Fremont, K. C., 81 St. Peter Street, Quebec. Saskatchewan Game Protective Association. Organized August 10, 1906. President, M. W. Sharon, Regina. Secretary, W. M. Van Valkenburg, Regina. AUDUBON SOCIETIES . 14 [Organized for the study and protection of birds. Societies not heard from in 1920 are marked with an asterisk (*)•] Arizona. Organized April, 1908. President, Thomas K. Marshall, Tucson. Secretary, Mrs. Harriet B. Thornber, Tucson. California. Organized May 31, 1906. Incorporated April 3, 1913. President, Whlfred Smith, Altadena. Secretary, Mrs. Harriet Williams Myers, 311 West Avenue 66, Los Angeles. ^Colorado . Organized 1913. President, Edward R. Warren, 1511 Wood Avenue, Colorado Springs. Secretary, Miss Hattie E. Richardson, 2337 Dexter Street, Denver. Connecticut. Organized January 28, 1898. President, Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, Fairfield. Secretary, Miss Charlotte A. Lacey, Southport. Delaware. Organized April, 1900. President, A. D. Poole, 6 Belmont Apartments, Wilmington. Secretary, Mrs. William S. Hilles, DuPont Building, Wilmington. 14 For National Association of Audubon Societies, see p. 12. 17 Directory of Game Officials, 1920 . District of Columbia. Organized May 18, 1897. President, Hon. Job Barnard, Falkestone Courts, Washington Secretary, Miss Helen P. Childs, Chevy Chase, Md. Florida. Organized March 2, 1900. Incorporated 1902. President, Mrs. Katherine B. Tippetts, St. Petersburg Secretary, W. Scott Way, Winter Park. Illinois. Organized April 1, 1897. President, Orpheus M. Schantz, 10 South La Salle Street, Chicago Acting Secretary, Catherine A. Mitchell, Riverside. Indiana. Organized April 26, 1898. President, M. L. Fisher, Lafayette. Secretary, Frank C. Evans, Crawfordsville. Kentucky. Organized April 24, 1909. President, Miss Mary Florence Taney, 309 East Third Street, Secretary, Mrs. Frances Manser, Covington. Kentucky. Organized January 28, 1911. President, Dr. D. J. Healy, 530 Savre Avenue, Lexington Secretary, Victor K. Dodge, 173 Bell Court, West Lexington Covington. Maryland. Organized June, 1906. President, Mrs. Baker Hull, Washington Apartments, Baltimore Secretary, Jesse Shngluff, Maryland Trust Building, Baltimore. ’ Massachusetts. Organized January, 1896. President, Edward Howe Forbush, 136 State House, Boston Secretary-treasurer, Winthrop Packard, 66 Newbury Street, Boston. Michigan. Organized February, 1904. President, Mrs. Edith C. Munger, Hart. Secretary, . Minnesota. Organized June 1, 1897. President, D. Lange, 2308 Commonwealth Avenue, St Paul Secretary, . Mississippi. President, William Hemmingway, Jackson. Secretary, H. G. McGowan, Columbus. Missouri. Incorporated June 14, 1901. President, Dr. Herman von Schrenk, 4276 Flad Avenue, St. Louis. Secretary, Dr. R. J. Terry, 5315 Delmar Avenue, St. Louis. New Hampshire. Organized April 6, 1897; reorganized February 26, 1914 President, Gen. Elbert Wheeler, Nashua. ^ Secretary, George C. Atwell, Strafford. New Jersey. Organized and incorporated December 15, 1910. President, John Dryden Kuser, Bernardsville. Secretary-treasurer, Beecher S. Bowdish, 164 Market Street, Newark. ^° R ™ee p R 7 L ) NA " ^ rganized Marcil 1:L , 1902; incorporated March 6, 1903. North Dakota. Organized April, 1904; reorganized January, 1912. President, Daniel Freeman, 711 Seventh Street, South, Fargo. Secretary, O. A. Stevens, 1110 Tenth Street, North, Fargo. -^ r ? ai S ze f ^. ece “;t> er 14, 1898; incorporated March 22, 1900. President, Prof. Wm. G. Cramer, Woodward High School, Cincinnat Secretary, Miss Katherine Ratterman, 510 York Street, Cincinnati! Oregon. Organized July 1, 1902; incorporated 1909. t> • i ( F°rnier]y John Burroughs Bird Society, organized in 1Q00 'i wt nt ’ n ' I' Fin W} East Madison lftreet,Tortland. Secretary, Dr. Emma J. Welty, 321 Montgomery Street, Portland. Pennsylvania. Organized October, 1896. President, Dr. "Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural Sciences Philadeluhia Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Wilson Fisher, 2222 Spruce Street PhUadelphia 18 Department Circular 131, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Rhode Island. Organized October, 1897. President, Dr. H. E. Walter, Brown University, Providence. Secretary, H. L. Madison, Park Museum, Providence. Tennessee (East). Organized September 2, 1910. President, Dr. Angus McDonald, 1322 Tremont Street, Knoxville. Corresponding secretary, Miss M. M. Woodward, Knoxville. Tennessee (West). Organized March, 1912. President, C. C. Hanson, Union & Planters Bank Building, Memphis. Secretary and treasurer, Mrs. S. Id. Stout, 1565 Vinton Avenue, Memphis. *Texas. Organized 1903. President, Jno. F. O’Shea, Taylor. Secretary, Miss Carrie E. Hoke, Taylor. Utah. President, J. H. Paul, Salt Lake City. Secretary, Mrs. A. O. Treganza, 624 East Sixth South Street, Salt Lake City. *Vermont. Organized September 2, 1901. President, Prof. A. E. Lambert, Middlebury College, Middlebury. Secretary, Carleton D. Howe, Morrisville. Virginia. Organized December 11, 1908. President, M. D. Hart, Box 107, Richmond. Secretary, Mrs. R. B. Smithey, Ashland. West Virginia. Organized October 24, 1911. President, Miss Bertha E. White, 1609 Latrobe Street, Parkersburg. Secretary, Walter Donaghho, Emerson Avenue, North Parkersburg. PUBLICATIONS OF THE U.'S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RELATING TO GAME. AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION BY THE DEPARTMENT. Bird Migration. (Department Bulletin 185.) Eleven Important Wild-duck Foods. (Department Bulletin 205.) Propagation of Wild-duck Foods. (Department Bulletin 465.) Waterfowl and Tlieir Food Plants in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska. (Department Bulletin 794.) Chronology and Index of the More Important Events in American Game Protection, 1776-1911. (Biological Survey Bulletin 41.) Our Shorebirds and Their Future. (Yearbook Separate 642.) The Great Plains Waterfowl Breeding Grounds and Their Protection. (Yearbook Separate 723.) Federal Protection of Migratory Birds. (Yearbook Separate 785.) Some Common Game, Aquatic, and Rapacious Birds in Relation to Man. (Farmers’ Bulletin 497.) Game Laws for 1920. (Annual publication, that for 1920, Farmers’ Bulletin 1138.) Laws Relating to Fur-bearing Animals, 1920. (Annual publication, that for 1920, Farmers’ Bulletin 1165.) Open Seasons for Game, 1920. (Annual poster, that for 1920, Poster 39-Biol. Surv.) FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Distribution and Migration of North American Rails and Their Allies. (Department Bulletin 128.) Price, 10 cents. Mortality among Waterfowl around Great Salt Lake, Utah. (Department Bulletin 217.) Price, 5 cents. Food Habits of the Mallard Ducks of the United States. (Department Bulletin 720.) Price, 5 cents. Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl. (Department Bulletin 793.) Price, 5 cents. Hunting Licenses: Their History, Objects, and Limitations (1904). (Biological Survey Bulletin 19.) Price, 10 cents. The Bob-white and Other Quails of the United States in Their Economic Relations. (Biological Survey Bulletin 21.) Price, 15 cents. 19 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CENTS PER COPY L 1 ^ike ■ = i WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST the^K^ as cades / f flR£5 T 5ERV| C > lufsi \L r mr o fagric^ r : 1 1 < ^lfie 1 1 WASHIKGTON NATIONAL FOREST #' v *' ~ hEE2 A F=>*l MOUNTAIN VACATION 1 LAND I BE CAREFUL WITH FIRE United States Department of Agriculture Department Circular 132 PREVENT FOR aunt Baker may be approached on three sides. Those wishing to reach its summ. l had best go in by way of Dei and soutl sides. KEEP THE FORESTS GREE 394°— 20 One Mount Baker may be approached < i three sides. Those wishing to reach its sunJm*?nad best go in by way of Dening, although it can also be climbed on the north and south sides. United States Department of Agriculture Department Circular 132 PREVENT FOREST FIRES I SKETCH MAP OF MT BAKER REGION WASHINGTON Baker Lake KEEP THE FORESTS GREEN Contribution from the Forest Service William B. Greeley, Forester 394°— 20 One A Mount a :ation Land The Washington National Forest N the extreme northwestern part of t United States, overlooking the restle waters of Puget Sound, which, driv< . by the tides of the Pacific, race bad ward and forward amid a constellatic of beautiful islands, lies an untame i mountain wilderness — one of the feu remaining strongholds of Nature. There in the Wasl ington National Forest one may lose himself for weel in the hills and give himself up to the full enjoymei. of Nature. “ Race backward and forward amid a constellation of beautiful islands The Mount Baker Region The outstanding features of the Washington National Forest are Mount Baker, unsurpassed throughout the entiie Cascade Range for the magnificence and variet of its glacial formations, and the gently rolling stretche > of verdant mountain meadow which blanket the summit of the divide in the Upper Skagit River region. Betwee. them unfolds a vast uplifted wilderness, a wide-flun : advance of snow-clad peaks, dotted with mirror-like lake s and separated by narrow shoe-string valleys whose side- are gashed with narrow canyons cut by sparkling Lataracts. The excessive rainfall of the Pacific slope nourishes a ,'ense plant and forest growth. There are few open daces below an elevation of 4,500 feet, and the thick "Between them unfolds a vast uplifted wilderness" 1 idergrowth, together with the roughness of the country, re nders travel very difficult where there are no trails. Perhaps one-third of the northern half of the Washington Forest is above timber line. On the whole it is a richly watered region, and one singularly free from venomous insects or reptiles which might mar the enjoyment of the tourist. There are no roads within the Washington Forest as yet. Its beauty spots are reached by trail only. It appeals to those who seek the recreational frontier. The voice of this Forest is the cry of Nature calling man from "Gently rolling stretches of verdant mountain meadows " the common life to some of the realities of its sterner xistence. It invites the tourist, but warns him not to t( -me dressed in his parlor clothes. Mount Baker, the “Koma Kulshan” of the Indians, known to early Spanish navigators but named by Capt. EST FIRES Contribution from the Forest Service William B. Greeley, Forester tow canyons cut by sparkling 11 of the Pacific slope nourishes a St growth. There are few open tion of 4,500 feet, and the thick unfolds a vast uplifted wilderness ’ ’ with the roughness of the country, j ifhcult where there are no trails. I Jie northern half of the Washington : line. On the whole it is a richly ; ne singularly free from venomous , ih might mar the enjoyment of the • within the Washington Forest as :s are reached by trail only. It eek the recreational frontier. The the cry of Nature calling man from < 'etches of verdant mountain meadows ” lome of the realities of its sterner the tourist, but warns him not to irlor clothes. “Koma Kulshan” of the Indians, sh navigators but named by Capt. Vancouver, is a practically extinc in height. It was first ascended tj in 1 86 incrust surroui ows, a interes geologi ture lc fumes crater. MouJ cended on three sides. The climb July 15 to vSeptember 30, August t From Glacier, on the north side 2 J2 hours via automobile road fron leads to Heliotrope Ridge, 10 mile grassy divide of about 3 acres whi the heart of Roosevelt Glacier, y dome of the mountain towering abo be reached from this point. “ Across it on a summer evening is cast a perfect lik ; The road extends 7 miles east of \,ack Falls power plant, where the ij Inore than 100 feet high. within easy walking distance from Ma is a good automobile road from Demin. from wh Park is c trail. The e Baker i Concrete long dist people : point. Baker the larg< hatchery States, i Concrete summer perfect 1 Crevasse on Mount Baker mountain Five miles to the northwest is the I sulphurous flow boiling from the subt the distant crater, at a temperature spring is hidden beneath the shadow Looking into the crater of Mount J Washington -National Forest Vancouver, is a practically extinct volcano 10,730 feet At the Three-Mile board a trail ascends to Sky in height. It was first ascended by the Coleman party Tine Ridge, 6,500 feet in elevation, where it is lost in the in 1869. The mountain is rolling meadows, dotted with clumps of alpine fir which incrusted with snow and ice, shield the tents of the campers, surrounded by green mead- ows, a region of irresistible interest to the mountaineer, geologist, botanist, and na- ture lover. Faint sulphur fumes still rise from the crater. Mount Baker Mount Baker may be as- cended on three sides. The climbing season runs from July 15 to September 30, August being the best month. From Glacier, on the north side, which is reached im«» and Mount Shuksan . ' T h e latter has been termed the 2^ horns via automobile road from Bellingham, a trail niost picturesque peak in America, while Table Mountain, Formations resembling cliff dwellings on the slopes of Mount Baker Farther to the east of Nooksack Falls, 10 miles by trail, is Austin Pass, lying midway between Mount Baker leads to Heliotrope Ridge, 10 miles distant. This is a grassy divide of about 3 acres which thrusts itself into the heart of Roosevelt Glacier, with the great white dome of the mountain towering above. The summit can be reached from this point. at the gateway of the Chain Takes region, is a striking formation. The scenic revel which the traveler beholds from Austin Pass will soon be made accessible by an automobile road from Glacier. "Acrossit on a summer evening is cast a perfect likeness ofthe great mountain" Many prefer to ascend Mount Baker from the west side The road extends 7 miles east ot Glacier to the Nook- at Mazama Park. Here there is a cabin shelter free to sack Falls power plant, where the river forms a cataract ™tors, and the round trip to the summit can be made more than too feet high. in from 8 to 12 hol rs - Easton and Demin S Glaciers are Three A Mounta. ' ation Land within easy walking distance from Manama Park. Then is a good automobile road from Deming to Heisler Ranch from which point Mazam Park is distant 16 miles b trail. The east side of Mour Baker is accessible froi Concrete, but owing to th. long distance by trail, fev people ascend from th point. Baker Lake, which ha. the largest sockeye salmon hatchery in the Unite t States, is 17 miles abov Concrete. Across it on a summer evening is cast perfect 1 keness of the grea ' mountain. Five miles to the northwest is the Faker Hot Spring, sulphurous flow boiling from the subterranean depths of the distant crater, at a temperature of 112 0 F. Th spring is hidden beneath the shadow of great trees and Looking into the crater of Mount tiaker Crevasse on Mount Baker ins been improved by the construction of an open - vimming pool. There are at present no commercial organizations andling the tourist business to Mount Baker. Pack orses are available to make any of the trips above men- oned, but persons contemplating them would do well > make inquiries in advance. Only experienced mountaineers should attempt to ach the summit of Mount Baker without a guide. The limb from Mazama Park is not a hard one, and mixed pirties of 25 or 30 have made the ascent. Guides can be •cured at Deming, Glacier, or Concrete, and would-be r able Mountain, at the gateway of the Chain Lakes region, is a striking formation climbers should plan to spend a week in the vicinity of ' lie mountain to allow for possible cloudy days. The Upper Skagit Country The Upper Skagit River country offets attractions of a different type. Here is a paradise for the angler, the main rivei and its tributaries abounding in Dolly Varden, iainbow, and cutthroat trout, which may be taken in 8 ason. Ruby Creek and its headwaters near the summit of the Cascades is a mineralized district, a storied land of early I placer discoveries, lost mines, and mythical veins. It I >ntains the ruins of many abandoned camps, water- A Monnta\ 7 ^ama Park. Thei y to Heisler Rancl ich point Mazam listant 1 6 miles b ist side of Mour s accessible froi , but owing to th ance by trail, fev iscend from th: Lake, which ha - ;st sockeye salmo: in the Unite s 17 miles abov . Across it on £ evening is cast keness of the great i. aker Hot Spring, erranean depths ( of 112 0 F. Th: of great trees an i inker ation Land has been improved by the construction of an open ] swimming pool. There are at present no commercial organizations I andling the tourist business to Mount Baker. Pack 1 orses are available to make any of the trips above men- 1 med, but persons contemplating them would do well > make inquiries in advance. Only experienced mountaineers should attempt to j ach the summit of Mount Baker without a guide. The j imb from Mazama Park is not a hard one, and mixed j parties of 25 or 30 have made the ascent. Guides can be j cured at Deming, Glacier, or Concrete, and would-be 1 T able Mountain, at the gateway of the Chain Lakes region, is a striking formation climbers should plan to spend a week in the vicinity 0 1 e mountain to allow for possible cloudv days. The Upper Skagit Country The Upper Skagit River country offers attractions of a Afferent type. Here is a paradise for the angler, the main river and its tributaries abounding in Dolly Varden, linbow, and cutthroat trout, which may be taken in ^ason. Ruby Creek and its headwaters near the summit of the rseades is a mineralized district, a storied land of early 1 lacer discoveries, lost mines, and mythical veins. It >ntains the ruins of manv abandoned camps, water- Washington works, and stamp mills, while the mountain side is pierced by frequent tunnels. Future transportation may bring to this district another season of prosperity. The mountain meadows along the summit of the Cascade Range present a broad expanse of rolling grass- land dotted with timber clumps, easily traveled on horse- back, and a charming spot in which to spend a fall vacation. It is a lich grazing ground for several bands of sheep which graze under Forest Service regulation, coming in from the east side of the mountains. The Upper Skagit River country is reached over the county road coming up the Skagit Valley from Sedro- Woolley, and an automobi! can proceed to a point io miles above Marblemount ; or visitors may come on the Rockport Branch of the Great Northern Railroad to Rockport, where there is a hotel, and from which a stage line runs to the end of the road. Pack horses can be obtained at Marblemount, where there are two hotels. There are road houses farther up the river at the mouths of Bacon, Goodell, Stetattle and Ruby Creeks, where meals and lodging can be obtained. From the end of the wagon road to the mouth of Ruby Creek tourists must traverse the “Goat Trail,” so named after the manner in which it skirts the face of the cliffs high up on the mountain side, with the foaming- waters racing through the chasm below. At the Devils Elbow a notch has been blasted out of the solid face of the rock. The foaming waters race through the chasm below National Fores Just below of less than high, througl the water sur a great rocl pool. The best fi found in th river, Big Creek b e 1 o falls, Eigt Creek, Devih disciple of Iz the legal limi The valley Ruby Creek, places along t is well worth of the valley peaks which All the m r c signboards t( secting poin been thrown along the m i Lakes tions are mar Fakes, lying san by trai Five Washington J&alional Fores l works, and stamp mills, while the mountain side is pierced by frequent tunnels. Future transportation may bring to this district another season of prosperity. The mountain meadows along the summit of the Cascade Range present a broad expanse of rolling grass- land dotted with timber clumps, easily traveled on horse- back, and a charming spot in which to spend a fall vacation. It is a lich grazing ground for several bands of sheep which graze under Forest Service regulation, coming in from the east side of the mountains. The Upper Skagit River country is reached over the county road coming up the Skagit Valley from Sedro- Woolley, and an automobile— — can proceed to a point io miles above Marblemount ; or visitors may come on the Rockport Branch of the Great Northern Railroad to Rockport, where there is a hotel, and from which a stage line runs to the end of the road. Pack horses ca p be obtained at Marblemount, where there are two hotels. There are road houses farther up the river at the mouths of Bacon, Goodell, Stetattle and Ruby Creeks, where meals and lodging can be obtained. From the end of the wagon road to the mouth of Ruby Creek tourists must traverse the “Goat Trail,” so named after the manner in which it skirts the face of the cliffs high up on the mountain side, with the foaming^--, waters racing through the chasm below. At the Devils Elbow a notch has been blasted out of the solid face of the rock. The foaming waters race through the chasm below Just below Ruby Creek the canyon narrows to a width of less than io feet, with overhanging walls 150 feet high, through which the water surges into a great rock -walled pool. The best fishing is found in the main river, Big Beaver Creek below the Thunder Creek suspension bridge falls, Eightning Creek, Devils Creek, and Ruby Creek, and he is a poor disciple of Izaak Walton indeed who can not bring home the legal limit. The valley of the Skagit is comparatively wide above Ruby Creek, and there are many delightful camping places along t he river. A trip to J ack Mountain Meadows is well worth while, for it commands a magnificent view of the valley and the barrier of rocky and snow-capped peaks which lem it in. All the main watersheds are traversed by trails with signboards to indicate the distance traveled and inter- secting points of interest. Substantial bridges have been thrown across the laiger streams. At intervals along the main trails camping shelters have been built to accommodate ■r> • mi from 6 to 12 peo- ple, equipped with fireplaces, tables, and with running water nearby. Nestling in the folds of the moun- tains at high eleva- tions are many tiny lakes fringed with alpine firs. Twin Lakes, lying in Twin Lakes Pass, 7 miles from Shuk- san by trail, surrounded by grassy meadows and Lakes - ringed with alpine firs Five commanding a wonderful view of tl country, have most delightful camping shores. Typical mountain goat country. This “ stairway ” has been highway over the mountain. T he path worn by the goats is ft Wild Life The Washington Forest abounds in wil the larger animals are the cougar, wi black-tailed deer, black bear, and mount life is the groust groust ptarrr ospre; and b chief I mals marte and Streams are found Dolly Varden or bull t trout, rainbow trout, and in the smalle a variety of the rainbow known as the m Ruffed grouse The Washington National Forest covers one million four hundred and ninety thousand acres lying on the west slope of the Cascade Mountains overlooking Puget Sound directly south of the international boundary in northwestern Washington. Sever i The freedom of the mountains and the wilderness, good hunting and fishing, and pleas- ant camping places make the Washington National Forest ideal country for a vacation. Go where you like and stay as long as you please. Be careful with fire. A Mount acation Land Wild Life commanding a wonderful view of the surround' country, have most delightful camping places on th shores. Typical mountain goat country. This “stairway" has been used for centuries l highway over the mountain. The path worn by the goats isfrm to to 12 feetwidc The Washington Forest abounds in wild life. Amo the larger animals are the cougar, wildcat, marmot black-tailed deer, black bear, and mountain goat. Bin life is represented b ' the sooty or blu grouse, Oregon ruff m grouse, white-tail < ptarmigan, America t osprey, golden eag e and bald eagle. Th< chief 1 ur-bearing ai 1 mals are beaver p _ . marten, lynx, fisher Ruffed grouse and otter. In t!.< streams are found Dolly Varden or bull trout, cutthroa trout, rainbow trout, and in the smaller clear stream a \ariety of the rainbow known as the black-spottt ■ trout. In addition to these native fish, Lake Chelan trout have been planted in some of the smaller lakes. That portion of Whatcom County inside the Washing- ton Forest has been set aside as a game preserve in which the hunting of game animals, i. e., bear, deer, and mountain goat, is prohibited for a period of five years, ending September i, 1924. However, the State game 'aws do not prohibit hunting with a camera. Shorter Fishing Trips Mountain goat The Washington Forest offers many opportunities for short fishing trips. The South Fork of the Nooksack is a particularly favored spot for a 5 -day outing. This trip should be made by way of Deming. The mouth of Illabot Creek is reached by automobile, after crossing the Skagit River at Rockport, and there is fine sport here, as well as in Illabot Lake 10 miles up- ■ tream. A typical mountain lake There is fairly good fishing in Finney Creek, which may be reached from Sauk over a 5-mile trail. ght A Mount e surround'. places on th used for centuries . )m io to 12 feet wide d life. Amo dcat, marm > lin goat. Bird represented : sooty or bl i, Oregon ruff :, white-tail igan, America n r , golden eag aid eagle. T ur-bearing ai are beave n, lynx, fisL )tter. In t rout, cutthrc r clear strear black-spot t ication Land trout. In addition to these native fish, Lake Chelan trout have been planted in some of the smaller lakes. That portion of Whatcom County inside the Washing- ton Forest has been set aside as a game preserve in which the hunting of game mimals, i. e., bear, deer, and nountain goat, is prohibited .‘or a period of five years, mding September i, 1924. However, the State game aws do not prohibit hunting vith a camera. Shorter Fishing Trips The Washington Forest )ffers many opportunities for . ... Mountain goat ;hort fishing trips. The South Fork of the Nooksack is a particularly favored spot for 1 5-day outing. This trip should be made by way of Oeming. The mouth of Illabot Creek is reached by automobile, after crossing the Skagit River at Rockport, and there 3 fine sport here, as well as in Illabot Lake 10 miles up- tream. A typical mountain lake There is fairly good fishing in Finney Creek, which nay be reached from Sauk over a 5-mile trail. ht Fishing within the main Skagit Ri ries below Goodell Creek is not good. Dolly Varden and rainbow trout found in Baker Lake, but on the w s ■- mm Camping party in the Upper Skagit R his watershed, owing to glacial wa itrong attraction to the angler. The Suiattle River and its tribu itreams very little fished owing to t ing across the Sauk River. The F owboat here, and frequently arrange vith forest officers for a crossing. i Park Creek Pass — a mighty notch, with Storm King on either side Fishing in the North Fork of th* ributaries east of Glacier is not so g< Itreams here are being stocked and w fears. Keep the Forest The Washington National Forest ber reservoir. It holds a portion < which, because of remoteness, has 1 yet. At present its recreational re greatest interest to the average citizi come and enjoy that resource to t same time he is cautioned to be care There has been no devastating bla Each year sees the forest greener tha small part of this favorable cond cooperation of the public. Such c< ciated. Forest field officers will gl all assistance compatible with the \ duties, and they hope that visitors the burden of those duties as much a fire season by thoughtfulness in th which go to prevent the escape of for the camper is : LEAVE A DEAD FIRE AND Washington National Forest Fishing within the main Skagit River and its tributa- ries below Goodell Creek is not good. Dolly Varden and rainbow trout and whitefish are found in Baker Lake, but on the whole the streams in Camping party in the Upper Skagit River country this watershed, owing to glacial water, do not offer a strong attraction to the angler. The Suiattle River and its tributaries are splendid streams very little fished owing to the difficulty of get- ting across the Sauk River. The Forest Service has a rowboat here, and frequently arrangements can be made with forest officers for a crossing. Park Creek Pass — a mighty notch, with Storm King and Logan Peak towering on either side Fishing in the North Fork of the Nooksack and its tributaries east of Glacier is not so good. However, the streams here are being stocked and will be right in a few years. The Mountain Portals Along the summit of the Cascades are many picturesque mountain passes, the gateways into western Washington. By far the most striking is Park Creek Pass, at the "head of Thunder Creek, resembling a great notch cut by the hand of a giant, with Storm King and Logan Peak towering aloft on either side. The Lake Chelan country may also be reached by way of Cascade Pass, which is the most direct route. Persons desiring to make this trip can secure provisions at Rock- port and comfortably make the journey on foot from Marblemount to Lake Chelan in four days. Lo;;t Lake basin just beyond Cascade Pass is a formatior of fas- cinating beauty. The longest intern lountain journey through the Wash- ington Forest, however, is by way of Slate Creek Pass Mirror. Lake at the head of Rub/ Creek, '^Tvhich leads into the Okanogan Valley country. Here the tourist is well repaid for his time and energy, as the route passes thiough the Skagit River canyon and through a mountain meadow country of unsurpassing beauty. The trails leading to all these passes are in first-class condition, but they are usually free from snow on the summit only between July i and October 31. Late seasons are frequent , however, and tourists will do well To secure definite information from the forest supervisor before undertaking an intermountain trip early in July or late in October. Nine A Mounta ation Land Keep the Forest Green The Washington National Forest is essentially a ti: her reservoir. It holds a portion of the future supf which, because of remoteness, has been little logged a yet. At present its recreational resource is perhaps • greatest interest to the average citizen, who is invited come and enjoy that resource to the utmost. At t same time he is cautioned to be careful always with fi There has been no devastating blaze for a long tin Each year sees the forest greener than it was before. ] small part of this favorable condition is due to t cooperation of the public. Such cooperation is app n ciated. Forest field officers will gladly render touri all assistance compatible with the performance of the duties, and they hope that visitors will in turn light; the burden of those duties as much as possible during th fire season by thoughtfulness in tin many little thin, which go to prevent the escape of fire. A good mot > for the camper is : LEAVE A DEAD FIRE AND A CLEAN CAM] " The woods wereGod’s first temples. " Tiny crosses tip the points of spired alpine firs ADDI1 1 • < OPIES OK THIS PUBLICATION . ' BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINT1..M . OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMEi,. !' :\'TtNG OFFICE WASIUN-; •' , D. C. 5 CENTS U COPY A Mounta ation Land Gxreen is essentially a tii )f the future supp oeen little logged source is perhaps sn, who is invited he utmost. At t ■ful always with fi ,ze for a long tin n it was before. I Eon is due to t [)operation is app adly render touri )erformance of the will in turn light s possible during t - i many little thin . fire. A good mot V CLEAN CAM! ADDIl OF THIS PUBLICATIO > THE SUPERIN1 i • " The woods wereGod’ s first temples. ” Tiny crosses tip the points of spired alpine firs • OPIES ’>3 PROCURED FROM OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNME I'J : NG OFFICE WAS! ' it D. C. 5 CEK R COPY UNITED STATES GRADES FOR MILLED RICE RECOMMENDED BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR NO. 133 Contribution from the Bureau of Markets GEORGE LIVINGSTON, Chief GRAIN DIVISION H. J. Besley, In Charge E. G. Boerner, In Charge, Grain Investigations W. D. Smith, Grain Supervisor, Rice Project Washington, D. C. August, 1920 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE t 1920 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CENTS PER COPY V UNITED STATES GRADES FOR MILLED RICE. Recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture . 1 The following grades for the grading and marketing of milled rice are recommended by the Bureau of Markets of the United States Department of Agriculture. In September, 1918, permissive standards for milled rice were published by the Department of Agriculture (Markets Document 15) and adopted by the United States Food Administration and by boards of trade and other agencies engaged in the handling of milled rice. Certain changes were made in these permissive standards as the result of the department’s observation and experience with them, and the revised grades were published in tentative form as the basis of proposed standards to be established under the United States grain standards Act as the official grain standards of the United States for milled rice. Hearings were held at convenient points to the prin- cipal rice producing and distributing sections, at which the comments and criticisms of rice producers, millers, merchants, warehousemen, carriers, and others interested were received. All criticisms and sug- gestions at the hearings and through written communications have had careful consideration. The grades here recommended are the result of extensive investi- gations relating to the various phases of the rice industry conducted by the Department of Agriculture, of the observations and experience of the department with the permissive standards published hi Sep- tember, 1918, and the suggestions received by the department at the hearings referred to above. The classification in the standards is based on the length of whole kernels for classes I, II, III, and IV, and on size of broken kernels for classes V, VI, and VII. For the purposes of a general classifica- tion the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, has heretofore referred to the different varieties as long- grain, medium-grain, and short-grain, and has used these terms in its publications dealing with rice culture and production. At the hearings mentioned above, the trade objected to the class name Medium as applied to the translucent type of the variety known commercially as Early Prolific and the varieties known commercially as Blue Rose and Louisiana Pearl, and to the class name Medium- opaque as applied to the opaque type of the variety known commer- cially as Early Prolific, for the reason that the word “ medium” is 1 These standards embody the recommendations of the United States Department of Agriculture, but are not fixed and established at this time under the United States grain standards Act because of a lack of funds for their paoper enforcement as compulsory standards. 3843°— 20 3 4 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. now used in commercial terminology as a grade name and denotes an inferior grade of rice. It was suggested by the trade that the class name Short be used to apply to the varieties known commercially as Blue Bose, Louisiana Pearl, and Early Prolific, and that the class name Bound be used to apply to the varieties known commercially as Japan or Japanese, and it is felt that they more nearly conform to commercial needs and should be adopted. These grades are not fixed and established under the United States grain standards Act at this time, but it is hoped that they will be adopted by all agencies engaged in the handling of milled rice. It is believed that with the voluntary and general support of all inter- ested parties these standards will assist very materially in the mar- keting of milled rice. UNITED STATES GRADES FOR MILLED RICE. For the purposes of the United States grades for milled rice: Section 1. Milled rice. — Milled rice shall be vrhole or broken ker- nels of rice grown in continental United States, from which the hulls, germs, and practically all of the bran layers have been removed, which may be either coated or uncoated, and which shall contain not more than ten per centum of seeds, paddy grains, other cereal grains, and other foreign material, either singly or in any combination. Section 2. Basis of determinations .—Each determination of paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, other foreign material, heat-damaged kernels, temperature, odor, live weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, color, coating, and moisture shall be made on the basis of the grain including foreign material. All other determinations shall be made on the basis of the grain when free from foreign material. Section 3. Percentages. — Percentages, except in the case of mois- ture, shall be percentages ascertained by weight. Section 4. Percentage of moisture. — Percentage of moisture shall be that ascertained by the moisture tester and the method of use thereof described in Circular No. 72, and supplement thereto, issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, except that the flask to be used shall be the double-walled flask described in the United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 56, or that ascertained by any device and method giving equivalent results. Section 5. (a) No. 5\ sieve. — A metal sieve perforated with round holes 5^ sixty-fourths inch in diameter. (b) No. 6 sieve. — A metal sieve perforated with round holes 6 sixty-fourths inch in diameter. M No. 6% sieve . — A metal sieve perforated with round holes 6J sixty-fourths inch in diameter. Section 6. Coated rice. — Coated rice shall be rice which has been coated with glucose and talc or any other substance. Coated rice shall be graded and designated according to the grade requirements of the standards applicable to such rice if it were not coated, and there shall be added to and made a part of such grade designation the word “coated.” & & United States Grades for Milled Rice. 5 Section 7. Damaged kernels— Damaged kernels shall be kernels and pieces of kernels of milled rice which have been distinctly dam- aged by water, insects, or by any other means. Sound double and sound broken kernels shall not be considered damaged kernels. Section 8. Heat-damaged kernels. — Heat-damaged kernels shall be kernels and pieces of kernels of milled rice which have been distinctly discolored by external heat or as a result of heating caused by fer- mentation. Section 9. Foreign material— Foreign material shall be paddy grains and any matter other than rice. Section 10. Cereal grains. — Cereal grains shall be paddy grains (rough rice), rye, barley, emmer, spelt, einkorn, corn, grain sorghums, oats, and wheat only, and shall not include buckwheat, flaxseed, and wild oats. Section 11 . Paddy grains— Paddy grains shall be grains of rice from which the hulls have not been removed. Section 12. Seeds. — Seeds shall be grains, kernels, or seeds, either whole or broken, of any plant other than rice or other cereal grains. Section 13. Red rice . — Red rice shall be kernels or pieces of kernels of milled rice which are distinctly red in color or have any red bran thereon. Section 14. Whole kernels. — Whole kernels shall include perfect kernels of milled rice and pieces of kernels of milled rice which are not split and which in length are equal to or greater than three- fourths of the length of the perfect kernel. Section 15. Broken kernels. — Broken kernels shall be split kernels of milled rice, and pieces of kernels which are less than three-fourths of the length of the perfect kernel. Section 16. Chalky kernels. — Chalky kernels shall be kernels and pieces of kernels of milled rice, one-half or more of which is chalky. CLASSES OF MILLED RICE. Section 17. Milled rice shall be divided into classes as follows: Class I. Long. This class shall include all long-grain rices, such as those known commercially as Honduras, Carolina Gold, Carolina White, and Edith, which contain more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels and not more than four per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Short and Round, either singly or combined. Class II. Short. This class shall include all short-grain rices, such as those known commercially as Blue Rose, Louisiana Pearl, and Early Prolific, which contain more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels and not more than four per centum of whole kernels of the classes Long and Round, either singly or combined. 6 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Class III. Round. This class shall include all round-grain rices, such as those known commercially as Japan or Japanese, including Wataribune, Shinriki "1564” (Butte), 1 “1600” (Colusa), 1 and Onsen, which contain more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels and not more than four per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Long and Short, either singly or combined. Class IV. Mixed. This class shall be a mixture of any two or more of classes I, II, and III, but which does not meet the requirements of any one of such classes. Class V. Second Head. This class shall consist of milled rice which contains not more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels, not more than forty per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6^ sieve, and not more than ten per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve. Class VI. Screenings. This class shall consist of milled rice which contains not more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels, which does not meet the requirements of size separations specified for the class Second Head, and which contains not more than fifteen per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 5£ sieve. Class VII. Brewers. This class shall consist of milled rice which contains not more than twenty-five per centum of whole kernels and contains more than fifteen per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 5i sieve. GRADE REQUIREMENTS. Long Milled Rice. Section 18 . Grades for Long Milled Rice . — The class Long shall be divided into five grades, the designations and requirements of which shall be as specified in this section. Extra Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Long (a) shall be well milled, (b) shall be white or creamy, (c) may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of chalky kernels, (d) shall contain ninety per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, i The varieties C . 1. 1564 and C l. 1600 were named Butte and Colusa, respectively, by the Office of Cereal investigations, Bureau of 1 lant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, May, 1920. United States Grades for Milled Rice. 7 ( e ) may contain a total of not more than three paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of three may include not more than either one heat-damaged kernel or one seed, (/) may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (g) may contain not more than one per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Short and Round, either singly or combined, (h) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (?’) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Fancy (U. S. No. 2) Long (a) shall be well milled, ( b ) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (c) may contain not more than one and five- tenths per centum of chalky kernels, (d) shall contain eighty-five per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, ( e ) may contain a total of not more than eight paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of eight may include not more than four heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, (/) may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or com- bined, ( g ) may contain not more than two per centum of whole ker- nels of rice of the classes Short and Round, either singly or combined, Qi) may contain not more than one- tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Choice (U. S. No. 3) Long (a) shall be reasonably well milled, ( b ) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, and may be slightly rosy, ( c ) may contain not more than three per centum of chalky kernels, id) shall contain seventy-five per centum or more of whole ker- nels, but may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, ( c ) may contain a total of not more than eighteen paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of eighteen may include not more than ten heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, 8 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. # (/) may contain not more than two and five-tenths per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or com- bined, (g) may contain not more than four per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Short and Round, either singly or combined, Qi) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Medium (U. S. No. 4) Long (a) may be any color except of badly damaged or extremely red, (b) may contain not more than six per centum of chalky ker- nels, (c) shall contain sixty-five per centum or more of whole ker- nels, but may contain not more than three per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, (d) may contain a total of not more than forty paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of forty may include not more than twenty-four heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, ( e ) may contain not more than five per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (f) may contain not more than four per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Short and Round, either singly or combined, (g) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and Qi) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Sample Grade Long shall be milled rice of the class Long which does not come within the requirements of any of the grades from Ext:a Fancy (U. S. No. 1) to Medium (U. S. No. 4), inclusive, or which has any commercially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty, or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. Short Milled Rice. Section 19. Grades jor Short Milled Rice . — The class Short shall be divided into five grades, the designations and requirements of which shall be specified in this section. Extra Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Short (a) shall be well milled, (b) shall be white or creamy, (c) may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of chalky kernels, United States Grades for Milled Rice. 9 id) shall contain ninety-five per centum or more of whole ker- nels, but may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, (e) may contain a total of not more than three paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of three may include not more than either one heat-damaged kernel or one seed, (f) m ay contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or com- bined, iff) may contain not more than one per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Long and Hound, either singly or combined, (h) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per cen- tum of moisture. Fancy (U. S. No. 2) Short (a) shall be well milled, (b) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (c) may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of chalky kernels, id) shall contain ninety per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than than one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, ( e ) may contain a total of not more than eight paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of eight may include not more than four heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, (/) may contain not more than one and five-tenths per cen- tum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, ( 9 ) ma y contain not more than two per centum of whole ker- nels of rice of the classes Long and Round, either singly or combined, (h) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per cen- tum of moisture. Choice (U. S. No. 3) Short (a) shall be reasonably well milled, (b) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, and may be slightly rosy, ( c ) may contain not more than three per centum of chalky kernels, (d) shall contain eighty per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, 3843°— 20 2 10 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. (e) may contain a total of not more than eighteen paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of eighteen may include . not more than ten heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, (J) may contain "not more than two and five-tenths per cen- tum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (g) may contain not more than four per centum of whole ker- nels of rice of the classes Long and Round, either singly or combined, (Ji) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per cen- tum of moisture. Medium (U. S. No. 4) Short (а) may he any other color except of badly damaged or extremely red, (б) may contain not more than six per centum of chalky kernels, (c) shall contain seventy per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than three per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, id) may contain a total of not more than forty paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of forty may include not more than twenty-four heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, ( e ) may contain not more than five per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (/) may contain not more than four per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Long and Round, either singly or combined, ( g ) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grams, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (h) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Sample Grade Short shall be milled rice of the class Short which does not come within the requirements of any of the grades from Extra Fancy (U. S. No. 1) to Medium (U. S. No. 4), inclusive, or which has any commercially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty, or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. Round Milled Rice. Section 20. Grades for Round Milled Rice. — The class Round shall be divided into five grades, the designations and requirements of which shall be as specified in this section. 11 United States Grades for Milled Rice . Extra Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Round (a) shall be well milled, (b) shall be white or creamy, (c) may contain not more than one per centum of chalky kernels, J (d) shall contain ninety-five per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readdy through a No. 6 sieve, (e) may contain a total of not more than three paddy grains other cereal grams, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of three may include not more than either one heat-damaged kernel or one seed, (/) may contain not more than five-tenths of one per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or com- bined, (g) may contain not more than one per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Long and Short, either singly or combined, Qi) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (i) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. 1 Fancy (U. S. No. 2) Round (a) shall be well milled, (b) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (c) may contain not more than three per centum of chalky kernels, J (d) shall contain ninety per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than one per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No 6 sieve, (' e ) may contain a total of not more than eight paddy grains other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in live hundred grams, which total of eight may include not more than four heat-damaged kernels and seeds either singly or combined, (/) may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (g) may contain not more than two per centum of whole kernels of rice of the classes Long and Short, either singly or combined, (h) may contain not more then one-tenth of one per centum ot foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grams, and seeds, and W may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Choice (U. S. No. 3) Round (а) shall be reasonably well milled, (б) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, and may be slightly 12 Department Circular 133 , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. (c) may contain not more than six per centum of chalky kernels, (d) shall contain eighty per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than one and five-tenths per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, (e) may contain a total of not more than eighteen paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of eighteen may in- clude not more than ten heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, ( f ) may contain not more than two and five-tenths per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or com- bined, (g) may contain not more than four per centum of whole ker- nels of rice of the classes Long and Short, either singly or combined, Qi) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and 0 i ) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per cen- tum of moisture. Medium (U. S. No. 4) Round (a) may be any color except of badly damaged or extremely red, (b) may contain not, more than ten per centum of chalky kernels, ( c ) shall contain seventy per centum or more of whole kernels, but may contain not more than three per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, (d) may contain a total of not more than forty paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of forty may include not more than twenty-four heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, ( e ) may contain not more than five per centum of damaged . kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (f) may contain not more than four per centum of whole ker- nels of rice of the classes Long and Short, either singly or combined, ( g ) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and Qi) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per cen- tum of moisture. Sample Grade Round shall be milled rice of the class Round which does not come within the requirements of any of the grades from Extra Fancy (U. S. No. 1) to Medium (U. S. No. 4), inclusive, or which has any commercially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty, or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. United States Grades for Milled Rice. 13 Mixed Milled Rice. Section 21. Grades for Mixed Milled Rice. — Mixed milled rice shall be graded according to the grade requirements of the class of milled rice which predominates over each other class in the mixture; the grade designations of such rice shall include successively in the order named, the name of the grade or the number thereof, the word “Mixed,” and, in the order of its predominance, the name and ap- proximate percentage of the whole kernels of each class of rice in the mixture. Second Head Milled Rice. Section 22. Grades for Second Head Milled Rice. — The class Second Head shall be divided into three grades, the designations and require- ments of which shall be as specified in this section. Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Second Head (a) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (b) may contain not more than five per centum of chalky ker- nels, (c) may contain not more than twenty-five per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6^ sieve, or not more than five per centum of broken ker- nels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, ( d ) May contain a total of not more than twenty paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of twenty may include not more than sixteen heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, ( e ) may contain not more than two per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (f) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and ( 9 ) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Choice (U. S. No. 2) Second Head (а) may be any color except of badly damaged or extremely red, (б) may contain not more than ten per centum of chalky kernels, J (' c ) ma y contain a total of not more than fifty paddy grains, other cereal grains, seeds, and heat-damaged kernels in five hundred grams, which total of fifty may include not more than forty heat-damaged kernels and seeds, either singly or combined, (d) may contain not more than six per centum of damaged kernels and red rice, either singly or combined, (e) may - contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (/) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. 14 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Sample Grade Second Head shall be milled rice of the class Second Head which does not come within the requirements of grades Fancy (U. S. No. 1) and Choice (U. S. No. 2), or which has any commercially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty, or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. Screenings Milled Rice. Section 23. Grades for Screenings Milled Rice . — The class Screen- ings shall be divided into three grades, the designations and require- ments of which shall be as specified in this section. Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Screenings (a) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (b) may contain not more than ten per centum of chalky kernels, (c) may contain not more than twenty-five per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, and not more than ten per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 5J sieve, (d) may contain a total of not more than thirty paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds in five hundred grams, which total of thirty may include not more than twenty seeds, (e) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (/) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Choice (U. S. No. 2) Screenings (a) may be any color except of badly damaged or extremely red, (Z>) may contain not more than fifteen per centum of chalky kernels, (c) may contain not more than fifty per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 6 sieve, and not more than fifteen per centum of broken kernels which will pass readily through a No. 5J sieve, (d) may contain a total of not more than seventy paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds in five hundred grams, which total of seventy may include not more than sixty seeds, (e) may contain not more than one-tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (f) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Sample Grade Screenings shall be milled rice of the class Screenings which does not come within the requirements of grades Fancy (U. S. No. 1) and Choice (U. S. No. 2), or which has any com- mercially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty, or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. 15 United States Grades for Milled Rice. Brewers Milled Rice. Section 24. Grades for Brewers Milled Rice.— The class Brewers shall be divided into three grades, the designations and requirements of which shall be as specified in this section. Fancy (U. S. No. 1) Brewers (a) shall be white, creamy, or grayish, (b) may contain a total of not more than fifty paddy grains other cereal grains, and seeds in five hundred grams, which total of fifty may include not more than forty seeds, (c) may contain not more than one- tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (d) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. r Choice (U. S. No. 2) Brewers (a) may^be any color except of badly damaged or extremely (b) may contain a total of not more than eighty paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds in five hundred grams, which total of eighty may include not more than seventy seeds, (c) may contain not more than one- tenth of one per centum of foreign material excepting paddy grains, other cereal grains, and seeds, and (d) may contain not more than fourteen and one-half per centum of moisture. Sample Grade Brewers shall be milled rice of the class Brewers which does not come within the requirements of either of the grades Fancy (U. S. No. 1) or Choice (U. S. No. 2), or which has any commer- cially objectionable foreign odor, or is musty or sour, or is heating, hot, infested with weevils or other insects injurious to stored rice, or is otherwise of distinctly low quality. FOOD AND DRUGS ACT. Nothing herein shall be construed as authorizing the adulteration ot milled rice by the addition of water, by the admixture of hulls or straw, decomposed or damaged kernels of rice, other grains, or any other foreign material, or otherwise, in violation of the Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906, nor as authorizing the coating of rice or the labehng thereof in violation of that act. APPENDIX. 16 Department Circular 133, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. o LIVE-STOCK GRAZING AS A FACTOR IN FIRE .PROTECTION ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS JOHN H. HATTON Assistant District Forester UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 134 Contribution from the Forest Service WILLIAM B. GREELEY, Forester Washington, D. C. September, 1920 WASHINGTON Z GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 LIVE-STOCK GRAZING AS A FACTOR IN FIRE PROTEC- . TION ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS. CONTENTS. Page. Purpose 3 History 4 Influence of grazing upon the number of fires 5 Influence of grazing on the intensity and area of fires 6 Page. Influence of grazing on the intensity and area of fires — Continued. Lightning fires 6 Driveways and trails 7 Additional persons in the forests 8 Conclusions r ll PURPOSE. Grazing has always been an acknowledged minor influence in fire protection. On the other hand, unregulated or uncontrolled grazing is destructive to Forest interests; and the injuries from grazing in the earlier days of unrestricted competition far out- weighed the benefits. The possibility of planning grazing manage- ment so as to afford greater protection against fire calls for more constructive thought than has heretofore been given it. It must be recognized, however, that grazing may be made a benefit or a draw- back in National Forest economy — that its value as a protective factor can be easily overdrawn. Great care must be taken not to destroy more than we protect. In recognizing the protective value of grazing we must not be led into condoning general injury to reproduction or other resources, which might be prevented, on the ground that the injury is more than compensated by the reduction in fire hazard. There is need, however, for constructive effort to use grazing in our National Forest fire-protection plans, especially at critical points. The tendency has been to follow the easier way of grazing a complete unit instead of concentrating on critical or strategic points. The benefits of grazing may be summarized as follows : (1) Keeping fires from starting. (2) Keeping fires from spreading. (3) Rendering fires less destructive. The drawbacks: (1) Injury to forest growth. (2) Injury to soil and water conditions. (3) Injury to range. 4255°— 20 3 4 Department Circular 13b, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture. It is purposed here to call attention to some concrete examples of the beneficial results in fire protection of live-stock uses, to suggest methods for their more extensive application, and to stimulate fuller thought and closer observation on this subject. More concrete data are needed on the actual application of the protective features of grazing. HISTORY. In the year 1900, partly because mountain ranges were needed to support the stock industry of the West and partly because of the necessity for fuller knowledge upon which to base a definite grazing policy, the Department of the Interior called upon the Department of Agriculture to make a thorough study of the effect of grazing upon the most important Forest Reserves then existing, with a special re- quest 'for reports on the relation of grazing to forest fires. Among the questions asked of the examiners were these : (1) Does grazing decrease or diminish the danger from fire? (2) Do herders or stockmen set fire to the forests to improve the range? (3) What is the effect of repeated burning upon the forest and upon the range? (4) How long a time should pass before burned range is grazed again in the forest and outside ? (5) WFat is the relative effect of grazing before and after burning, on the grass, the forest, and the soil ? The investigation for the most part showed that the supposed setting of fires by stockmen to clear or improve the range had been much overdrawn ; that the danger from this source and from care- lessness on the part of stockmen had either disappeared or was rap- idly disappearing; that burning was a harm instead of a benefit to forage conditions ; and that grazing of different kinds of stock could be allowed in reasonable numbers under proper regulation without undue injury to forest and water resources. The reports, also brought out very forcibly the harmful effects of uncontrolled grazing in the past. A systematic attempt to reduce these general impressions to con- crete statements, supported by specific examples, was inaugurated in the spring of 1912, and reports were received that Reason from 120 of the 160 Forests then existing. While some of these reports showed, for particular situations or conditions, that grazing had an indifferent influence, and a very small number showed unfavorable effects, the large majority were positive in the statement that grazing constituted an important factor in fire protection. Many concrete illustrations were furnished which strengthened the feeling, already existing, that, in the balance of beneficial and harmful effects, judi- cious grazing may be a certain asset in fire protection. The study also Circular 134, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Plate I. A Proper Grazing Use of the National Forests. Note Cow Trails which Are Good Fire Lines. Colorado. Live-Stock Grazing Factor in Fire Protection. 5 brought out the fact that different localities presented different problems and conditions, requiring different treatment, and that the same results from grazing did not necessarily follow in all places. INFLUENCE OF GRAZING UPON THE NUMBER OF FIRES. Of 120 Forests reporting in 1912, 81 per cent stated that the number of fires was reduced by the annual removal of the forage crop; 12.5 per cent reported to the contrary; the remainder made no statement. That fires are reduced in number by the annual removal of herbaceous growth should be axiomatic. The question is : “Does normal grazing — the sort of grazing that it is desired to carry out on the Forests— count as a protective influence worthy of consideration ? ” 1 The studies undertaken show that it does. By the removal of inflammable growth and the breaking up of dead and down litter, grazing has an appreciable influence in decreasing the number and spread of fires and in increasing the difficulties of in- cendiarism. Kecords compiled from seven National Forests repre- senting typical conditions in. as many States show that grazing causes an average reduction in the number of fires of over 60 per cent — the percentages ranging from a minimum of 50 to a maxi- mum of 75. On the limited number of Forests where grazing is reported to be of doubtful advantage in heavy timber, the reports are based on the scarcity or complete lack of forage and the fact that stock occupy such areas very little, if at all. The favorable effects are especially marked on areas formerly visited by destructive fires. To illustrate: An instance is given where five years of grazing on the Deerlodge Forest, Mont., resulted in breaking down and wearing out over 50 per cent of the litter on a dangerous fire-trap area. Decaying logs which rot from the interior, as in the case of lodge- pole pine, have their outer shells broken by constant trampling of sheep, which thus hastens disintegration. The effects of cattle graz- ing are not so marked, since the tendency of cattle is to follow trails and to step over obstacles ; but any kind of grazing shows positive results, depending upon the intensity of use and the adaptability of the area to grazing. Of course, grazing can not be used under all conditions. While 75 per cent of the National Forest area is being used or is susceptible of being used for grazing, and while 96 per cent of this area is clothed with some form of inflammable material, there are still many portions of the Forests on which, through in- accessibility or absence of suitable plant growth, it is impracticable to graze stock. 1 By normal grazing is meant grazing only to suck an extent that the forage crop does not decrease from year to year. 4255°— 20 2 6 Department Circular 13k, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. INFLUENCE OF GRAZING ON THE INTENSITY AND AREA OF FIRES. Strictly accurate comparisons of the effects of grazing in reducing the intensity and area of fires must take into account any possible factors influencing them, such as origin, topography, character of cover, climatic conditions, time of day, and effectiveness of the pro- tective organization. For instance, data collected on the Forests of the Cascade Mountains, Washington and Oregon, would not apply to conditions on the F orests east of that range. On a well-stocked Forest, such as the Fremont in Oregon, which is comparatively level, with no abrupt changes in elevation or mate- rial differences in the character of the timber or forage cover, and on which the range is equally well adapted to cattle or sheep, compari- sons are easily made. The average area burned per fire on sheep allotments here is 24 acres, on cattle and horse allotments 114, and on areas where lack of stock water reduces grazing to such an extent that they may be classed as ungrazed, 391 acres. On the basis of the fire season of 1910, the records showed the average acreage per fire on nongrazed lands was 273; on understocked, 300 (one fire only) ; on normally stocked, 15.07 ; and on overgrazed, 4 acres. On the Beartooth National Forest, Mont., in 1910, two sections of ungrazed timberland were burned over before a fire could be con- trolled. In contrast to this, another fire in grazed country, under similar conditions, burned barely an acre, although it was not discovered promptly. The Bridger Forest in Wyoming reports a fire on a cattle range which was reached 4 hours after discovery by 4 men and was put under control in 12 hours, burning only 10 acres, while a fire on similar ungrazed area, reached in 3 hours by 9 men, took 2J days to extinguish and burned 90 acres. The second fire cost four and two-thirds times the first, burned nine times the area, and did nine times the damage. The Shasta Forest, Calif., reports a fire that was stopped easily when it reached sheep area. Another instance is recorded on this Forest where duff and litter burned for 6 weeks and outlived a 3 days’ rain, as against an instance on a grazed area, with more under- brush, where a fire burned out in 3 days. All the timber was killed in the first instance, while only a small amount was destroyed in the second. LIGHTNING FIRES. Next to carelessness and sparks from locomotives lightning ranks third as a source of conflagrations in the mountains. For the years 1906 to 1919, inclusive, lightning caused on the average 27 per cent of all fires reported. Live-Stock Grazing Factor in Fire Protection. 7 Of 36 fires which occurred on one of the California Forests one season, 28 were caused by lightning. On the same Forest the preced- ing season 68 fires occurred, 21 of which were caused by lightning. Lightning starts fires most often along the summits of ridges, re- mote from settlements, where they are controlled with difficulty un- less there is some deterrent factor, such as grazing or barren condi- tions. The time-worn theory that “ lightning never strikes twice in the same place ” may be modified to thia extent : Lightning strikes very often in nearly the same places — it has its zones, in other words, where its appearance may usually be counted on with each electric storm. For the past 15 years, with the accumulation of data on causes and locations of fires, these lightning zones could be mapped out and possibly systems of grazing use introduced that would more or less automatically control fires at the start. If these lightning zones were mapped out, they would doubtless show a markedly close relation to certain types of topography and certain more or less local- ized sections of many Forests. If the hazard is large on account of heavy undergrowth or herbaceous cover, it might be feasible to in- troduce sheep grazing as a measure of control. Instances are reported where lightning started 7 fires, 5 in country grazed by sheep and 2 outside, and the 5 on the sheep range needed no attention, while the 2 outside burned until handled by forest offi- cers. This shows 71 per cent better control on grazed areas. An Oregon Forest reports instances where lightning fires have died out of their own accord on grazed areas. Another Forest in the same State cites a number of cases where trees have been fired by lightning and the fires extended only a few feet beyond their bases on grazed areas, while on similar ^reas ungrazed they spread rapidly. Similar reports are recorded from Idaho, Montana, Arizona, South Dakota, and other States. There is need for a closer study of lightning fires as they relate to certain types of topography or localized sections of the Forests with a view to closer application, if practicable, of graz- ing uses to fire control. DRIVEWAYS AND TRAILS. One of the most marked examples of the benefits of grazing use is in the effectiveness of stock driveways and trails in the control of fires after they have started. Few fires which gain any headway are con- trolled by direct attack. Advantage is taken of every available arti- ficial and natural means of combating them. Many portions of the National Forests lack roads and trails, and while appropriations for these purposes have been much more liberal in recent years and their expenditure as much as possible is directed to the opening of sections of country which are inaccessible, or have the greatest fire hazard, it 8 Department Circular 13k, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. will require years to complete the work. On such areas driveways and stock trails are especially useful in fire fighting. Stock driveways are usually located along ridges or roads, thus furnishing the best lines of defense or attack. Their usefulness de- pends upon the kind of country traversed and their effectiveness upon the intensity of use. The wisest possible use should be made of them. And not only should those existing be employed but new ones should be laid out or old ones changed wherever advisable. If not fully efficient in actually stopping fires, they serve as excellent points from which to backfire. The San Francisco fire in 1906 was stopped partly because it came to a broad fire line — Van Ness Avenue — a fire line comparable to many roads or trails or natural barriers in the National Forests. But Van Ness Avenue in itself was not an efficient barrier. Had it not been for the use of dynamite, which reduced inflammable mate- rial or rendered it less inflammable, much' less of San Francisco would have been saved. The incident points to intensity of use of these features of the Forests to the point perhaps of local damage at strategic points of fire vantage. The Wenaha Forest reports fires checked at least 50 per cent by driveways. The Gallatin Forest reports that in the case of a severe fire in 1910 a driveway was crossed only where the fire was burning in the crowns of the trees. Many other instances are recorded of the efficiency of driveways in preventing the spread of fires. Specific examples are graphically shown on the accompanying map of a portion of the Wenatchee Forest (fig. 1). Trails made by live stock have also been found to contribute ma- terially to fire protection in serving as fire lines and making areas more accessible. Of 250 fires reported on the Harney National Forest in three years, 75 per cent were checked by making use of roads and trails of different kinds. On many National Forests practically all of the trails traveled, outside of a few main trails, have either been built by stockmen or opened up by live stock. They are frequently used as short cuts to get to fires and could well be tied in to the main roads and trails in connection with the fire plan. Driveways and trails should be located where they will give best fire service, although this may entail the sacrifice of some young growth. ADDITIONAL PERSONS IN THE FORESTS. Grazing necessarily brings a large number of people into the mountains to care for the stock — fully 25,000 persons. The pres- ence of this additional population introduces a certain fire hazard. This was truer formerly than now, and the hazard at the present time, taking the Forests as a whole, is very small — almost negligible. Circular 134, U. S. Dept, cf Agriculture. Plate II. F— 75463 Fig. I. — Harmful Effects of Overgrazing by Goats to Reproduction and Soil Cover. New Mexico. F— 24969 Fig.^2. Harmful Sheep Grazing Showing Destruction of Surface. California. Circular 134, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Plate III. F— 9 1509 Fig. I. — Fire Menace of Inflammable Grass on Non-Grazed Forest Area. Oregon. „ F— 77603 A Fig. 2. — Fire Menace in Foothill Country. California. Circular 134, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Plate IV. F— 93222 Fig. I. -Breaking Up Litter and Making Forests Cleaner. Colorado. Fig. 2. Sheep Help to Clean Up Old Burns and Reduce Fire Hazard. Circular 134, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Plate V. Fig. I. — Fire Line Driveway I2M Miles Long. Portions Pass Through Heavy Timber. Colorado. F— 90155 Fig. 2. — Yellow Pine Reproduction. This Area was Conservatively Grazed by Sheep for 40 Years and Fires Kept Out. The Balance in Favor of Livestock Uses. California. Live-Stock Grazing Factor in Fire Protection. 9 This change in conditions may be attributed to (1) fire laws and regulations, (2) change in sentiment, (3) absence of range wars and disputes among stockmen, and (4) growing demands for range. PART OF WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST WASHINGTON. Fig. 1 . — Fires stopped by sheep driveways. One of the principal conditions in the approval of grazing appli- cations is a clause under which the permittee agrees to bind himself and his employees to use every precaution with fires and to assist in extinguishing them upon and in the vicinity of his allotment. The grazing privilege has become so valuable that stockmen can not afford to have their permits canceled for any Breach of the agree- 10 Department Circular 13k, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . ment, and this, together with the deterring influence of strict State and national fire laws, has had its effect in rapidly reducing to a minimum the fires which may be attributed to the presence of stock- men on the F orests. The fact of the awakened or changed public sentiment with ref- erence to forest fires, as it relates to the West, also must not be over- looked. While with a very small number of stockmen, largely among the more illiterate class of Mexican herders, there is a lingering belief in the idea that it is a good thing to burn off the ranges in the fall, there are few who now hold that the ranges can be benefited by this process. The large majority are unanimous in the belief that burning results in harm rather than benefit, and have for some time opposed all burning. Valuable feed is destroyed by the burning, and the permanent carrying capacity of the ranges lessened. In most cases it requires from one to three years or more for a range to recover from a severe burn, and during the interval the amount of forage produced is much lessened. Valuable weeds seldom recover from severe burns until after several years, if ever. In the moun- tains of the West it may be confidently stated that burning is not necessary to improve the range. It is an injury rather than a benefit. Grass, moreover, has become valuable and must be husbanded, and any kind of cleaning process which will deprive the stock of feed, even temporarily, results in distinct economic loss to the stockmen. So the advantages of having the grazing permittees and their em- ployees on the Forests during the fire season far outweigh the dis- advantages. In fully 90 per cent of the cases stockmen or their employees render valuable service in putting out small fires, and are available with men, supplies, and equipment for larger fires. The question arises: How may more use be made of the grazing per- mittees ? . It is suggested that some plan be inaugurated on each Forest which will give official and honorable mention to stockmen or their em- ployees who render independent service, similar to the plan now in effect in some sections of giving sheep herders who have been espe- cially diligent in observing the grazing regulations a card commend- ing them to other sheep employers. Special letters of appreciation could be sent out by the district forester. Local newspaper publicity could also be given to noteworthy cases. Ordinary cooperation which stockmen agree to in their applications should not be thus recognized, but those things which stand out like the following instances, which are of Service record: “Two herders saved the day in the case of one fire.” “ Nine permittees fought fire 48 hours without recompense.” “A herder took up the patrol of a regular ranger during the lat- ter’s illness.” Live-Stock Grazing Factor in Fire Protection. n “ One permittee came 30 miles and fought 100 hours without rest and said he expected no pay for his services.” The regular fire plans should take into account not only the ranches in and adjacent to the Forests, but should also include the temporary summer camps so as to make the greatest possible use of these men and their equipment. The protective force of approximately 2,500 men can thus be augmented by fully 25,000 persons, more or les-« available for fire duty in emergencies. CONCLUSIONS. Recognizing the value of normal grazing in fire protection of timber lands, a study of its application to the National Forests suggests : (1) The timely use of present ranges or the removal of rank vege- tation before it becomes unpalatable. (2) The utilization of all suitable unused lands by the develop- ment of water and trails and the elimination or control as rapidly as possible of all factors which prevent present use. (3) The closer consideration of the class of stock to be grazed where fire protection is involved. (4) The location of driveways and trails so as to form the most efficient fire lines and means of communication. (5) The overgrazing of strategic points. Minor damage at such points may result in saving large areas of forest from destruction by fire. (6) The study of lightning fires on the Forests with a view to determining whether lightning zones exist and whether grazing may be made to assist in preventing the spread of fire. (7) The fuller enlistment of the moral and active support of some 25,000 additional persons in the Forests on account of grazing uses. (8) The closer correlation of the live-stock industry of the For- ests with the fire-protection plans. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY V ■ ' . ■ . - ' ;* MAINTENANCE OF THE FUR SUPPLY NED DEARBORN Assistant Biologist, Bureau of Biological Survey j UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 135 Contribution from the Rureau of Biological Survey E. W. NELSON, Chief Washington, D. C. * November, 1920 WASHINGTON t GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 5 I9JQ U NLESS fur-bearing animals are rigidly con- served the time is not far away when many of the more valuable species will be exterminated and furs will be worn only by the very rich. This fact is recognized by the fur trade generally and by indi- viduals who have made a study of the subject. Maintenance of the fur supply involves the pro- tection of the available stock, especially when the pelts are not prime, and the production of the ani- mals under controlled conditions. Fur animals should have legal protection by the enactment of uniform legislation in States having similar climatic conditions and by the strict enforce- ment of laws when passed. A greatly increased production can be made pos- sible only by domesticating the animals, just as live stock are now raised; and by establishing preserves for them where they may be safe from molestation. Protected areas stocked with the best fur animals that can be found will become centers from which choice breeding stock can be obtained for establish- ing other preserves and for private use. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY V MAINTENANCE OF THE FUR SUPPLY . 1 CONTENTS. The fur trade Supply of furs waning Protective laws for fur animals. Results of protection Fur farming Page. 4 6 7 8 8 Local attachments of animals. Ftir animal preserves Summary Conclusion Page. 9 10 1 1 DIRECT ATTENTION to the great commercial importance X of fur; to emphasize the need of maintaining the supply, which lately has been declining at an alarming rate; and to point out ways by which this supply may not only be maintained as to quantity but improved as to quality, is the purpose of this circular. The subject is discussed from the viewpoint of the farmer, to whom fur-bearing animals, if rightly managed, will be a source of interest and profit. The farmer should know that peltries are prime only about two months in the year, and that it is as unwise to take them when unprime as it is to harvest unripe or overripe fruit. He should know, also, that while foxes, skunks, minks, and several other small fur bearers are carnivorous, very few of them ever taste the flesh of poultry; the farmer who kills these animals at every opportunity will, if consistent, kill his poultry whenever a few hens raid his garden. Among fur animals, as among men, the proportion of criminals is relatively small. The unprecedented prices lately paid for peltries make this an opportune time to urge a reasonable and practical attitude toward fur bearers on the part of the farmer, who actually cc*itrols the animals living on his property, although he is subject to the same laws as are other people, so far as capturing them is concerned. When once he accepts the fact that fur animals are worth tolerat- ing— for he has neither to feed nor shelter them— he will take steps to secure a dependable harvest of fur every year. He will not per- mit poaching on his property and he will himself hold sacred the dens of the fur bearers. A hollow sycamore or oak, of no value for lumber and scarcely worth felling for firewood, may keep him before the second annual stated meeting of the American Society of Mam- malogists, New York City, May 4, 1920. 5238°— 20 3 c3 Pi -11 -13 94 -12 ■ n + 3 + 1 + 3 + 2 0 + 1 TESTS OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS. EFFECT OF ACID PHOSPHATE ON TOMATOES. For the experiment to show the effect of acid phosphate 20 plants of harhana tomatoes were set in each of 15 rows. The yields of the two border rows were determined, but not considered in estimating the results of this experiment. In the remaining 13 rows, alternate rows were used as checks and received no treatment. The remaining rows were treated with acid phosphate, as shown in Table XII. he fertilizer was weighed and applied by mixing it with the earth around each plant. It will be noted that only a small percentage of the plants matured tomatoes The loss was due to Fusarium blight, which was prevalent and caused greater losses m tomatoes in 1919 than in any previous year. The loss was greater among the fertilized plants than among those in the check rows, the average loss being 51 per cent in the check rows and 61 per cent in the fertilized rows. The total yield of the six fertilized rows was 370 pounds, or 62 pounds per row, and the yield of the seven check rows was 474 pounds, or 68 pounds per row. This reduction in yield by the addi- lon of the acid phosphate was the result of the increased loss of plants y disease rather than an actual lessening of the yield, for the average rows £7 Plmt ,° f fertll 'f !(l rows was 7 -9 pounds and of the check rows 6.9 pounds. It is probable, therefore, that the addition of acid blight 6 7 f U " m, l beneficial duri «g seasons when Fusarium ght not prevalent. This one experiment is not, of course, suffi- 14 Department Circular 136, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. cient to prove that there is a relationship between the addition of the phosphate and the loss of the plants by Fusarium blight. Table XII. — Effect of the application of add phosphate on the growth and yield of tomatoes at the Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. Row. Treatment. Number of plants. Loss of plants (per cent). Yield (pounds). Set. Matur- ing. Total. Per plant. No. 1 Border 20 4 80 42 10. 5 No. 2 Check.. . 20 5 75 59 in q No. 3 Phosphate, 1 ounce per plant 20 6 70 73 lU. v 12. 2 No. 4 Check 20 10 50 121 19 1 No. 5 Phosphate, 2 ounces per plant. . 20 7 65 75 10 4. No. 6 Check 20 10 50 97 iu. *± 9. 7 No. 7 Phosphate, 3 ounces per plant.. 20 7 65 83 11. 8 No. 8 Check 20 11 45 70 6*4 No. 9 Phosphate, 1 ounce per plant 20 8 60 62 7*8 No. 10 Check.... . 20 11 45 52 4* 7 No. 11 Phosphate, 2 ounces per plant 20 9 55 39 4.3 No. 12 Check 20 12 40 34 2^8 No. 13 Phosphate, 3 ounces per plant 20 10 50 38 3^8 No. 14 Check 20 10 50 41 4. 1 No. 15 Border 20 18 10 61 3. # 4 SWEET-CORN VARIETY TESTS. Seven varieties of sweet corn were tested on the experiment farm in 1919. They were planted in duplicate by hand. The results are shown in Table XIII. Table XIII. — Yields of sweet-corn varieties on the Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. Rank. Variety. Yield (pounds). Total, length of rows (feet). Weight per 100 - foot row (pounds). Row I. Row II. Total. . 1 Black Mexican 95 93 188 539 35 2 Early Sugar 105 81 186 539 34.5 3 Peep o’ Day 54 99 153 539 28.4 4 Country Gentlemen 98 35 133 539 24.7 5 Golden Bantam 79 38 117 479 24.4 6 Columbus Market 33 52 85 539 15.8 7 Narrow- Grained Evergreen 22 37 59 539 11.0 The Black Mexican variety leads in production, with Early Sugar a close second. Narrow-Grained Evergreen gave the smallest yields per 100 feet of row. The ranks of the varieties differ somewhat from the previous year. In 1918 the Country Gentlemen gave the largest yields, with the Black Mexican second. On account of its dark color the Black Mexican does not look as pleasing as the other varieties, especially when canned. BLOSSOMING DATES OF FRUIT VARIETIES. During the 4-year period, 1916-1919, inclusive, blossoming records have been kept of all trees in field A-4. It is interesting to note the great variation from year to year in the dates of the first opening of the buds. The average date of the opening of the first blossoms of the apple trees in the orchard have been as follows: 1916, 19 trees, Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. 15 April 17; 1917, 21 trees, May 7; 1918, 21 trees, April 29- 1919 19 trees, April 23. (Table XIV.) The trees are in full bloom from five to nine days after the first blossoms appear. Table XI V .-Blossoming dates of fruit-tree varieties on the Newlands Experiment Farm during the 4-year period , 1916 to 1919 , inclusive. Row, tree number, and kind. Row I: 1 (apple)... 2 (apple)... 3 (apple).... 4 (apple).... 5 (apple).... 6 (apple).... 7 (apple).... 8 (apple).... Row II: 1 (apple).... 2 (apple).... 3 (apple).... 4 (apple).... 5 (apple).... 6 (apple).... 7 (apple).... 8 (crab) Row III: 2 (apple).... 4 (apple).... Row IV: 1 (crab) 2 (apple).... 3 (apple) Row V: 1 (pear) 2 (pear) 3 (pear) Row VI: 1 (pear) 2 (plum) 3 (prune) Variety. Buds first open. 1916 Arkansas Black . Ben Davis Akin Ralls ; Sierra Shackleford . . . Babbitt Banana Coos Opalescent ] Yellow Bellflower. Gano Red Astrachan Golden Sweet Mann Hyslop Wispier . Waxen.. . . -do. Apr. 14 Apr. 20 Apr. 18 Apr. 20 Apr. 13 Apr. 20 Apr. 13 Apr. 18 Transcendent . . . Winter Banana. Haas Barry... Kieffer. . Worden. Easter Beurre. Climax Sugar Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 13 . -do Apr. 30 1 1 1917 1918 ’ May 7 Apr. 30 1 ...do Apr. 29 ...do Apr. 30 ! May 12 May 5 1 May 7 Apr. 30 - ...do . . .do . . .do Apr. 26 . . .do Apr. 28 . . -do Apr. 30 May 10 May 1 ...do Apr. 27 ...do Apr. 28 May 4 Apr. 26 May 7 May 1 . May 1 ...do ...do Apr. 28 May 5 ...do May 6 Apr. 29 Apr. 30 Apr. 19 May 10 Apr. 30 ...do May 2 Apr. 25 Apr. 20 . Apr. 30 Apr. 15 Apr. 20 . Apr. 13 Apr. 18 . Apr. 20 Apr. 17 Apr. 26 1919 Apr. 25 Apr. 23 Do. Apr.. 22 Apr. 23 Apr. 22 Do. Apr. 25 Do. Do. Do. Apr. 23 Apr. 24 Apr. 23 Apr. 25 Apr. 23 Apr. 12 VARIETIES OF FRUIT TREES TO PLANT. Many inquiries come in each year, chiefly from new settlers, asking for information m regard to the varieties of fruit trees best adapted to this region. The varieties mentioned in the lists below are gen- erafly known to be successfully grown on the Newlands project Undoubtedly many other desirable varieties will be added in the next few years. No attempt is made to present a complete list of desirable varieties but it is intended to name those which are known to be successful. Mr. C. G. Swingle has kindly assisted by furnish- ing a list of varieties producing most satisfactorily on his ranch those shown in black-faced type are recommended for first choice. APPLES. ££%£££*"• TranSParent ’ ** Astrachan, Maiden Fall and early-winter varieties. Wagener, Wealthy, Early Melon, McIntosh Red Winter varieties . —Black Ben, Gano, Delicious, Jonathan, King David Banana Yellow Bellflower, Grimes (Grimes Golden), Winesap. 16 Department Circular 136, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. APRICOTS. Apricots are not recommended for extensive planting, as they are frequently caught by the late spring frosts. CHERRIES. Some of the common sour varieties fruit nearly every season, but the sweet cherries are less reliable bearers. Of the sour varieties, plant Early Richmond, Montmorency, and May Duke. Some growers will wish to plant some of the large sweet varieties for the pleasure of having them during favorable seasons. For this purpose Black Tartarian, Napoleon ( Royal Anne), and Bing are suggested. PEARS. The Bartlett pear is an excellent variety, but is subject to blight. The Kieffer is productive, but the quality is not so good as the Bartlett. Other varieties suggested are Duchess, Flemish Beauty, Seckel, and Winter Nelis. PEACHES. Peaches are not reliable bearers in this climate, but during favorable seasons they bear heavily and produce fruit of excellent flavor. Desirable varieties are Crawford Late, Illinois, Elberta, Mayflower, Early Wheeler ( Red Bird Cling), Muir, and Phillips Cling. PLUMS. Plums are quite regular bearers, and a fair crop can be expected from some varieties in most seasons. Few varieties have been tested, and the following recommendations may therefore be materially changed within the next few years: Omaha, American, Blue Damson, Compass Cherry. GRAPES. Grapes are grown successfully on the bench lands and on the heavier soils of the Island and Stillwater districts. On some of the lighter soils away from the river they have not been so satisfactory. Concord, Diamond, and Worden are recom- mended, EXPERIMENTS IN THE RECLAMATION OF ALKALI SOIL. EFFECT OF MANURE ON CROP YIELDS. This experiment was begun in 1917 and has for its object the deter- mination of the effect of manure added biennially upon the reclama- tion of the alkali soil of field E. The crops used are wheat, fodder corn, and mangels. Table XV. — Effect of manure on yields of crops growing on alTcali soil on the Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. Crop and plat number. Year manured. Unit of yield. Yield per acre. Percent- age o 1 increase. Silage corn: No. 1 1917 and 1919 Ton 3.96 1.8 No. 2 Not manured . . .do. . . . 3.89 Wheat: No. 3 1918. Bushel. . 19.3 6.1 No. 4 Not manured . . .do. . . . 18.2 No. 5 ..do . . .do. . . . 8.9 6. 7 No. 6 1917 and 1918 . . .do. . . . 9.5 6.7 Mangels: No. 7 Not manured _ _ No crop No. 8 .do do. Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. 17 In 1918 greatly increased yields were obtained from the plats which had been manured. In 1919 there was also an increase in production resulting from the manuring, but it was not so great as in 1918. The results in detail for the year 1919 are shown in Table XV. Wheat yields were increased 6.1 and 6.7 per cent and com yields 1.8 per cent. ALKALI RECLAMATION EXPERIMENTS IN FIELD Y. In 1914 various treatments were given to a series of 18 plats in field Y. This field was very alkaline over the greater part of the area. In past reports it has been shown that the treatments given had the effect of materially increasing the yield of alfalfa. In the fall of 1918 nine of the checks were plowed and the treatments of f ,,u ” . vv* " - ■ v ^ V Fig. 1. — Applying gypsum by means of the manure spreader. This apparatus is very satisfactory for this purpose. Sufficient manure is putin the bottom of the spreader to carry the gypsum. gypsum and manure that had been given in 1914 were repeated (fig. 1). In the spring of 1919 these nine plats were seeded to barley. The results are compiled in Table XVI. It will be noted that there was an increased yield of 80 per cent for the first treatment, a decrease of 1 per cent for the second treat- ment (this decrease being due to an unusually bad area in plat 4), and an increase of 17 per cent for the third treatment. The remaining nine plats in field Y, plats 10 to 18, inclusive, were allowed to remain in alfalfa in 1919. In this case, as in all previous experiments reported, there was a decided increase in yield as a re- sult of the treatments (Table XVI). Because of the extremely spotted character of the soil, one would not be justified in drawing conclusions as to the relative efficiency of the treatments used, but there can be no doubt that gypsum on this type of soil is decidedly beneficial. 18 Department Circular 136 , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. The treatments so far given, however, have not raised the yield to the point of profitable production. Table XVI. — Alkali reclamation experiment in growing barley and alfalfa on field Y of the Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. Yields in 1?19. Crop and plat number. Treatment. Per acre (pounds). Treated plats. Average (pounds). Increase over adja- cent check plats. Pounds. Percent. Barley: No. 1.... No. 2.... No. 3.... Tile, gypsum, manure. Check Tile, gypsum, manure. 441 197 80 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Tile, gypsum, manure. Check.' Tile, gypsum, manure. No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 Gypsum, manure. Check Gypsum, manure. 394 634 854 1,235 1,050 1,215 628 1,225 -1 175 17 Alfalfa: No. 10. No. 11 No. 12 Gypsum Check. . . Gypsum 4,233 1 233 } 1,922 J 3,078 2,845 i 1,220 No. 13 No. 14 No. 15 Tile, gypsum, manure, sweet clover... Check. Tile, gypsum, manure, sweet clover. . . 1,167 1 807 ) 1,178 J 1,173 366 45 No. 16 No. 17 No. 18 Sulphuric acid Check Sulphuric acid 1,100 1 0 f 1,000 J 1,050 1,050 ALKALI RECLAMATION EXPERIMENTS IN FIELD B. The alkali reclamation experiments were located in plats 9 and 10 of field B, where the soil is of such a nature that seeds germinate«with difficulty and the plants which do emerge grow to a height of only a few inches during the season. After each irrigation the surface of the untreated soil cements over, forming a hard crust. The two large plats, B-9 and B-10, were each divided into 20 small plats, each having an area of 12 by 45 feet, or 0.0124 of an acre. After the treatments were made, each plat was plowed and harrowed separately. Wheat was seeded in all plats with a grain drill. When the grain was mature it was cut by hand, put into sacks, and allowed to dry in the air, after which it was weighed on delicate balances. The weights given include both grain and straw. The details of this experiment are given in Table XVII, the rank of each treatment according to actual yields being shown in the right-hand column. Manure had a decidedly beneficial effect wherever used. (Figs. 2 and 3.) When used in combination with sulphur, gypsum, or acid phosphate, the yields were generally greater than when manure was Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. 19 used alone. Chemicals, alone or in combination, improved the soil to some extent, but they were not usually so effective as the manure. Manure applied at the rate of 2,800 pounds per plat did not appear to be so effective as when used in smaller quantities. wherever rl T ex P enments on P lat B " 9 - Note the beneficial effect of manur erever used. Oypsum, acid phosphate, and sulphur were only beneficial. Key to treatment* nWp 6 ’ B ’ Ph °f haleand gypsum: C > Phosphate and sulphur; D, check; E, phosphate- F pho* P ate, gypsum, and manure; G, phosphate, sulphur, and manure; H, check; /and J, gypsum 20 Department Circular 136, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Fig. 3. Results of alkali-reclamation experiments on plat B-10. Note the beueficial effect of manure wherever used. Gypsum, acid phosphate, and sulphur were only slightly beneficial. Key to treatments A, Manure; D, check; C and D, sulphur; E and F, gypsum; G, check; H, phosphate, sulphur, and manure; I, phosphate, grysum, and manure; J, phosphate; K , check; L ,. phosphate and sulphur; M, phosphate and gypsum; N, manure and phosphate; 0, manure and sulphur; P, chock. Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919. Table XVII. — Effect of various soil treatments on the growth of wheat infield B of the Newlands Experiment Farm in 1919 . [The average yield of 9 check plats was 0.46 pound.] Plat, subdivision, and treatment. Yield (pounds). Rank. Series I. Series II. Total. Plat B-9: Check 0.31 0. 25 1 0.56 Gypsum 28 pounds .44 .38 .31 .38 0 . 75 .38 25 .82 12 Sulphur 28 pounds. . 25 . Do 14 15 Sulphur 7 pounds 44 . DO oo Check ! 38 3. 06 . oZ .38 Q Cl 13 Manure 700 pounds 6 Manure 1,400 pounds . 44 3 38 o. ol 9 OO Manure 2,800 pounds .94 3. 00 2. 06 o. oZ 9 nn 5 10 9 Manure 1,400 pounds, gypsum 28 pounds 3. 13 0. uu 6. 13 2.25 1.50 8-00 5. 00 3.44 3.25 .69 1. 75 A Ofv Check 1.25 1.25 4.56 1.00 .25 3.44 2. 25 .56 .50 13 Z Plat B- 10 : Check Manure 1,400 pounds, sulphur 14 pounds I Manure 1,400 pounds, acid phosphate 4 pounds. 2. 75 I Q Gypsum 28 pounds, acid phosphate 4 pounds 2. 88 O n Sulphur 14 pounds, acid phosphate 4 pounds 2. 75 ( Q Check .56 1.25 1. 81 Acid phosphate 4 pounds. . r.n Acid phosphate 4 pounds, gypsum 28 pounds, manure 1,400 pounds . OU 9 AA 11 Acid phosphate 4 pounds, sulphur 14 pounds, manure 1,400 pounds 1. 00 Z. 44 2. 38 4. zo 9 QC 4 8 Check a 4. 31 *25 o. oo . ZO a This figure is not used in computing the average, as part of the plat contained good soil. The toxicity of the soil in these plats was due to the presence of a small quantity of sodium carbonate. Other alkali salts were present in quantities too small to prove toxic. A soil sample was taken in the center of each plat before any manure or chemical had been added. The average amount of alkali salts present in the 40 samples thus obtained is shown in Table XVIII. Table XVIII. Alkali salts present in the soil in the alkali reclamation experiment in field B of the Newlands Experiment Farm before treatment in 1919 . Salt. Plat B-9. Plat B-10. 1 foot. 2 feet. 1 foot. 2 feet. Na 2 C 0 3 0.072 .80 .012 0 0.050 .081 .010 0 0.065 .072 .012 0 0.054 .077 .009 0 NaHC0 3 NaCl NaaSCM 1 : ; ■ o S3 THE BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY of the UNITED STATES DEPART- MENT OF AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION ENFORCEMENT OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACT ENFORCEMENT OF TEA ACT RESEARCH WORK UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 137 Contribution from the Bureau of Chemistry C. L. ALSBERG. Chief Washington, D. C. December, 1920 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 5 CENTS PER COPY V ORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. Chief: Carl L. Alsberg. Assistant Chief: W. G. Campbell. Assistant to the Chief: F. B. Linton. Administrative Assistant S. A. Postle. Librarian: Louise Duvall. Editor: Katharine A. Smith. LABORATORIES Analytical Reagent Investigations: G. C. Spencer, acting in charge. Animal Physiological Chemical: F. C. Weber, in charge. Carbohydrate: H. S. Paine, in charge. Color Certification: W. H. Mathewson, in charge. Color Investigations: C. O. Johns, in charge. Commercial Dehydration: C. E. Mangels, in charge. Drug Investigations: L. F. Kebler, in charge. Food Control: I. K. Phelps, in charge. Food Investigation: R. W. Balcom, in charge. Fruit and Vegetable Utilization: H. C. Gore, in charge. Leather and Paper: F. P. Veitch, in charge. Microbiological: Charles Thom, in charge. FIELD INVESTIGAT Citrus By-Products: E. M. Chace, in charge. Drug Administration: M. W. Glover, in charge. Office of Cooperation: T. F. Pappe, acting in charge. Office of Development Work,: D. J. Price, in charge. Office of Imports: A. E. Taylor, in charge. Tea Inspection Service: G. F. Mitchell, in charge. V WASHINGTON. Microchemical: B. J. Howard, in charge. Miscellaneous Division: J. K. Haywood, in charge. Cattle Food: G. L. Bidwell, in charge. Insecticide and Fungicide: C. C. McDonnell, in charge. Oil, Fat, and Wax: G. S. Jamieson, in charge. Pharmacognosy: A. Viehoever, in charge. Pharmacological: E. W. Schwartze, acting in charge. Phytochemical: F. B. Power, in charge. Protein Investigations: C. O. Johns, in charge. Water and Beverage: W. W. Skinner, in charge. N/.L LABORATORIES. Food Research: H. A. McAleer, in charge. 3 4 ORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU. FIELD REGULATORY SERVICE. Eastern Food and Drug Inspection District (W. R. M. Whartc chief), with food and drug inspection stations in — Baltimore: D. M. Walsh, chief. Boston: G. H. Adams, chief. Buffalo: H. H. Wagner, chief. New York H. W. Redfield, chief. Philadelphia: A. Stengel, chief. San Juan: W. J. McGee, chief. Savannah: J. O. Clarke, chief. Central Food and Drug Inspection District (R. E. Doolittle, chie with food and drug inspection stations in — Chicago: G. W. Hoover, chief. Cincinnati: L. B. Forst, chief. Minneapolis: H. H. Walters, chief. New Orleans: R. S. Hollingshead, chief St. Louis: E. R. Smith, chief. Western Food and Drug Inspection District (R. W. Hilts, chief), wi food and drug inspection stations in — Denver: Seattle: G. J. Morton, chief. A. W, Hansen, chief. San Francisco: W. Vincent, chief. THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. GROWTH. The Bureau of Chemistry of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture has grown from a small division, or- ganized in 1862, with a staff of four or five men, to a bureau employing more than 300 chemists, bacteriologists, microscopists, engineers, and inspectors, granted an annual appropriation of over $1 ,250,000 for the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act and the Tea Act and for re- search work of practical value to the country. FUNCTION. The function of the Bureau of Chemistry is twofold. In the first place it enforces the provisions of the Food and Drugs Act, popularly known as the “ Pure Food Law,” passed in 1906, and of the Tea Act. At the same time it conducts investigations arising in connection with its regulatory or law-enforcement work, and continues to serve the purpose for which it was originally established, the study of chemical problems pertaining to agriculture, as well as those of the industries utilizing agricultural products. ORGANIZATION. At the head of the organization are the Chief and the Assistant Chief of the Bureau, who are responsible for the administration of the Food and Drugs Act and the Tea Act, and exercise general supervision over the re- search work. Twenty-four laboratories and three offices n Washington develop facts upon which the decisions ind policies of the Bureau are based, recommend methods or attacking regulatory problems, and conduct scientific nvestigations. 5 6 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. For administrative purposes in the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act, the country has been divided (fig. 2) into three inspection districts — the Eastern, with head- quarters in New York, the Central, with headquar- ters in Chicago, and the Western, with headquarters in San Francisco. These districts are further sub- divided into inspection territories, with a station, pro- vided with a force of chemists and inspectors, at a[n important trade center and port of entry within each territory, as shown in the map (fig. 2). While the work of the stations is for the most part regulatory, some time is devoted to the solution of research problems which come to the attention of the chemists in the course of their enforcement of the law. REGULATORY WORK. By far the greater part of the activities and funds of the Bureau are devoted to the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act. This act forbids the importation, the ship- ment in interstate or foreign commerce, or the manu- facture and sale in any Territory or the District of Columbia of adulterated or misbranded foods or drugs. 1 Thus it serves to protect the public health from injurious foods and the public pocketbook from falsely or fraudulently labeled foods and drugs, and to promote fair trade by, guarding the honest manufacturer against unfair com- petition with misbranded or spurious articles sold under the guise of higher-priced commodities. DOMESTIC FOODS. In the law, the term “food” is not confined to those products which are commonly recognized as food for mankind, but includes also beverages (such as soft drinks and mineral water), confectionery, condiments, feeds for horses, cattle, and poultry, and substances like baking powder which enter into the preparation of foods. No f l The text of the Food and Drugs Act. and the rules and regulations for its enforce- ment, are printed in Circular 21 . Office of the Secretary. U. S. Department of Agri- culture. FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 7 does the law restrict the application of the term “adul- terated” to foods containing an added poisonous or deleterious substance, such as milk preserved with formal- dehyde, which might prove harmful to the consumer. Within the law, “adulterated” has a far wider signifi- cance, being applied as well to the following kinds of foodstuffs: (1) Those which are made wholly or in part from filthy or decomposed material, as in the case of catsup made from rotten tomatoes, or milk containing an excessive number of bacteria; (2) those which have been cheapened by the substitution in whole or in part of some less valuable material or one possessing no food value whatsoever, such as an article sold as coffee in which the coffee has been replaced wholly or partially by chicory, or cottonseed meal containing an excessive amount of cottonseed hulls; (3) those of an inferior grade made, to simulate goods of better quality, for example, acetic acid which has been colored to look like cider vinegar; and (4) those from which certain valuable component parts have been removed, as skim milk offered for sale as whole milk. Under the Federal Food and Drugs Act many cases are brought against manufacturers and shippers who violate the misbranding clauses of the law. Misbranding of food, which may be defined as the use of an untruthful or mis- leading label, includes the sin of omission as well as the sin of commission. Labeling a bottle of cottonseed oil Olive Oil is a typical sin of commission, while the nanufacturer who fails to declare the weight of food in package form is guilty of the sin of omission. Shading rom one of these types of violation to the other are many orms of misbranding. Often labels are worded in strict accordance with the acts, but have the type so arranged or pictorial represen- ations so employed that the purchaser receives an ntirely erroneous impression as to the contents of the •ackage. Deceptive labeling of this kind is considered ^ be in violation of the act. 8 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. Another all too common deception against the con- suming public is food of short weight sold in package form. Prints of butter weighing from 14 to 15 ounces, but bearing no statement to indicate that they fall short of one pound, are representative of this type of fraud. The Bureau protects the purchaser against such practices by enforcing that section of the law which provides that a food shall be judged misbranded, “if in package form, the quantity of the contents be not plainly and con- spicuously marked on the outside of the package in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count.” DOMESTIC DRUGS. To secure the desired effect, it is imperative that all drugs used or prescribed by a physician shall be what he has every right to expect them to be, judging by their labels. If they are under or over the accepted standards, the Food and Drugs Act demands that their labels shall so specify. In addition, the Food and Drugs Act covers medicines that are advertised and sold directly to the general public, the so-called “patent medicines.” Under the law the presence in a preparation, and the amount in which they occur, of certain dangerous or habit-forming substances, enumerated in the act, must be made known upon the label. With this information at hand, the purchaser, of course, may exercise his own discretion in administering the product. It is the duty of the Bureau of Chemistry also to see that labels on “patent medicines hold out to the public no promise of benefit that is not fully justified by the compo- sition of the preparation. As a standard for the determi- nation of such questions, the Bureau has adopted the general consensus of opinion among the medical profes- sion as to the usefulness and limitations of the various i drugs. The labeling of medicinal preparations is judged not by the presence or absence of such terms as ‘ remedy, ‘‘cure,” and “treatment,” but by the names of diseases and the impression conveyed by the wording to the average purchaser. FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 9 IMPORTED FOODS AND DRUGS. Many food products, medicinal herbs, which for one reason or another can not be grown profitably in this country, and “patent medicines” are constantly being offered for importation into the United States. These are denied entry if they fail to conform to the general require- ments of the Food and Drugs Act, are not in accord with the laws of the country of origin, or are otherwise dangerous to the health of the people of the United States. When circumstances warrant, relabeling or reconditioning of the goods may be allowed. If thereby a product meeting the requirements of the act is obtained, the goods are then per- mitted entry. The field stations maintained by the Bureau at certain ports of entry, as New York, Boston, New Orleans, and San Francisco (fig. 2), examine and analyze samples of shipments offered for entry into the United States which are suspected of being in violation of the Food and Drugs Act. PROCEDURE. Anyone found guilty, after trial in the Federal courts, of violating the provisions of the Food and Dmgs Act, or who pleads guilty to such an offense, is subject to a fine, and, under certain circumstances, to imprisonment. The evidence necessary to prove a producer or ship- per guilty is gathered and presented at the trial by the Bureau of Chemistry, through the Department of Justice. Sometimes the cooperation of State and city health, food, drug, and feeding stuffs officials is enlisted. Figure 1 shows each essential step in the development of a case as it progresses through the organization units of the Bureau of Chemistry and the Office of the Solicitor of the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Jus- tice, and the courts. An inspector of the Bureau (1) collects samples of a product suspected of being in violation of the act, and for- wards them to the proper station for analysis. At the itation an analysis is made (2) the results of which are sent by the station chief, with his recommendation as to the 7551 ®_20 — 2 10 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. I 1 I I II Fig. I . — Course of a case under the Food and Drugs Act. FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 11 proper action to be adopted, to his district chief (3). If the district chief approves the station s recommendation (4), he instructs the station (3) to cite the manufacturer or shipper of the product in question to a hearing at the sta- tion headquarters, and at the same time submits a state- ment of the action taken to the chief of the Bureau in Washington. On the date set, the person cited reports for an oral hearing (6), or presents in writing his statement as to why the Government should not take further action. After the hearing, the station chief prepares a summary of the findings which he forwards to the district chief, to- gether with his recommendation as to the proper action to be taken (7). The district chief may indorse the recom- mendation as it stands or modify it (8), after which he sends all the papers in the case, accompanied by a state- ment of what he considers appropriate action, to the chief of the Bureau. The chief or assistant chief of the Bureau may then decide upon the next step, or may refer the matter (10) to the laboratory or office in Washington specializing in the product involved. If the specialist agrees with the recommendation of the district chief that prosecution proceedings should be instituted, the case is transmitted to the chief or assistant chief of the Bureau, with an indorsement of the recommendation for prose- cution. The case is then considered in the office of the chief and assistant chief (11), after which, if these officials concur in the recommendation made, it is sent to the Solicitor of the Department of Agriculture (12) to be examined as to its legal aspects. The Solicitor decides ( 1 3) who is liable in connection with the alleged violation, and determines whether or not the evidence at hand is sufficient to support prosecution. If he disagrees with the recommendation of the Bureau, he returns the papers to the Bureau for further consideration. If, however, he concurs in the Bureau’s recommendation for prosecution (14), by authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, he prepares the papers necessary to be transmitted to the Department of Justice (15), where the case is next sent ( 1 6) for final transmittal to the district attorney who will try the case. 12 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. The district attorney ( 1 7) files the information or presents the case to the grand jury for indictment of the producer or shipper, and conducts the necessary legal proceed- ings ( 1 8). The court hears the case ( 1 9), with or without a jury, and renders judgment (20), imposing a sentence where the verdict is “guilty.” Members of the Bureau of Chemistry often are summoned to serve as witnesses at such trials. After the termination of the case in court, a notice of judgment, giving the essential facts, is prepared FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 13 by the Solicitor (21), and later published by the Bureau. This terminates the case, and the records are closed (22). Two forms of legal action may be instituted in the cor- rection of violations of the Food and Drugs Act involving the shipment of domestic products. Sometimes a criminal prosecution is brought against the alleged offender. Again, goods which are being shipped contrary to the provisions of the law are seized under order of the court and removed from the channels of trade until a decision ♦ of the Bureau of Chemistry. 14 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. as to what disposition should be made of them has been reached by the court. The Bureau officials base their decisions as to the type of action to be instituted upon the conditions connected with each case. The procedure in connection with the enforcement of that section of the law relating to foods and drugs offered for importation into this country does not involve court action. The officials of the Division of Customs, of the Treasury Department, cooperate in this phase of the Bureau’s regulatory work. All foreign merchants are required to certify to certain facts concerning the foods and drugs which they desire to ship, before the proper United States consular officials. These certificates are attached to the invoices of the various products, and the Bureau of Chemistry inspectors are allowed to scrutinize all invoices of roods and drugs coming into this country. If an examination of the in- voices and their accompanying certificates indicates that an article does not comply with the terms of the law, samples of it are taken for analysis, the entire shipment being held until the results of the examination are known. When goods are found to be in violation of the act, the importer is so informed, and an opportunity is given him to present to the Government his evidence as to why his product should not be denied entry. If the results of the hearing fail to convince the Bureau that the goods are in compliance with the law, a report is submitted to the collector of customs at the port of entry, who then refuses to admit the product in question into this country. If the importer is not satisfied with the action of the Bureau he may appeal to the Secretary of Agri- culture. When, however, the case proves to be one of misbranding only, the articles usually may be brought in after the labels have been corrected. Another ex- ception is made in the case of importers who, through no fault of their own, receive shipments of foods or drugs which are adulterated or misbranded, but not grossly. It is customary to release such goods after they have been relabeled, sorted, and cleaned, or denatured, provided an FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 15 article which fulfills the requirements of the law can thus be obtained. This privilege, of course, is not extended to persons who have abused it in the past or have requested it repeatedly. COOPERATION WITH STATES AND CITIES. Under the provisions of the Food and Drugs Act, the Bureau of Chemistry can exercise supervision only over foods and dmgs entering interstate or foreign commerce, or made, sold, or offered for sale in the District of Co- lumbia or the Territories of the United States. It has no power over those products which are made and sold within the confines of a single State. Most of the States, however, have food and drug laws similar in many re- spects to the Federal act, and designed to afford the same protection to the several States as the Federal act does to the nation at large. It is most desirable that the State and Federal officials charged with the enforcement of public health laws work together in harmony. To that end, the office of cooperation in the Bureau of Chemistry keeps the State food, drug, and feeding stuffs officials informed on matters pertaining to the administration of ■°od and drug laws, both State and Federal, and pro- vides a practical and effective system of cooperation imong such officials. In this way the Bureau keeps in ouch with 50 departments, including those in practically ‘very State of the Union, the District of Columbia, dawaii, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands. It >rovides them with information on matters of general nterest relating to the administration of the Federal ‘ ood and Dmgs Act, and secures their opinions on im- >ortant questions under consideration by the Bureau in onnection with the enforcement of the law. FACTORY INSPECTION. An increasingly important part of the Bureau of Chem- itry s regulatory work is its factory inspection. So far s its limited force of inspectors will permit, the Bureau ideavors to conduct a systematic investigation of plants 16 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. where foods and drugs shipped in interstate commerce are made. As a result of such work, it frequently becomes possible for the Government, through its technical staff, to offer various manufacturers constructive advice which Fig. 3 — Food and drug inspector examining butter. will enable them to remedy defects in their thus improving the quality of their output and the effi- ciency of their operations, as well as bringing their goods into compliance with the law. TEA INSPECTION. In 1920, the Tea Inspection Service, formerly part of the United States Treasury Department, was transferred, to the Department of Agriculture, upon the joint recom- mendation of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture. As no duty is imposed on tea, and as the Bureau of Chemistry, under the Food and Drugs Act, is charged with the examination of all FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 17 imported foods and drugs, it was thought that the tea inspection work was more closely related to the Depart- ment of Agriculture than to the Treasury Department. Tea is subject to the provisions of both the Food and Drugs Act and the Tea Inspection Act. While the Food and Drugs Act covers only adulteration or mis- branding, the Tea Act provides for a physical standard of quality as well as purity. The act to prevent the importation of impure or un- wholesome tea, commonly known as the Tea Act, which was passed by Congress in 1897, and later amended, provides that the Secretary of Agriculture shall appoint each year a board of seven tea experts who shall select standards for tea. Such standards are distributed among the officials enforcing the law, and may be bought at cost by the tea trade and others interested. It is the duty of the Supervising Tea Examiner, stationed in Washington, with the assistance of seven tea examiners and their assistants, stationed in various ports of entry, to see to it that no tea which falls below the standards fixed by the Secretary is permitted entry into the United States. The importer of any tea which is rejected is given 30 days in which to appeal his case to the United States Board of Tea Appeals, composed of three employees of the Department of Agriculture, stationed in the city of New York. If the tea is rejected for quality, the Board of Tea Appeals summons witnesses from the trade, while if it is rejected for impurities the chemist’s report, upon which the rejection was originally based, usually is accepted. No appeal may be made from the decision of the Board of Tea Appeals. The law allows the importer six months in which to remove his rejected tea from this country. If not outside the limits of the United States by that time, it must be destroyed. Tea waste, tea siftings, tea sweepings, and low-grade tea may be brought into the United States if they are to be used solely for technical manufacturing purposes. 18 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. The importer of such products, however, must give bond to the collector of customs that their identity will be destroyed in the process of manufacture. RESEARCH WORK. FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS. To ascertain accurately when a food or drug is adul- terated or misbranded, it is, of course, necessary to have suitable standards for comparison. Before the analyst can pass intelligently upon the samples submitted to him for examination, he must know the true composition of the articles which they purport to be. Consequently, a large part of the scientific force of the Bureau of Chem- istry is engaged in the investigation of many natural products. Based upon the results thus obtained, the Department formulates definite standards for the guid- ance of the food and drug officials of the country and the manufacturers. To illustrate, it was found that spices were being grossly adulterated and misbranded, and that it was difficult to determine when to prosecute cases involving such products. Accordingly, all the spices in common use have been studied physically, chemically, and micro- scopically. Using the results of this study as a foundation, fair standards for spices have been determined and pub- lished to serve as a basis for action in the enforcement of the law. Such standards are published in Office of the Secre- tary Circular 136. New and tentative standards and informal opinions are made public through the Service and Regulatory Announcements of the Bureau. INVESTIGATION OF COMMERCIAL METHODS. To supplement this first type of research work, inves- tigations are undertaken to perfect various processes used in the preparation of foods and drugs and to devise methods for the utilization of by-products hitherto wasted. FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 19 Much has been accomplished along this line in con- nection with the preparation of poultry and eggs for the market and their handling during storage and transpor- tation. The results obtained have fully justified the Bureau s belief that some changes in methods and a care- ful attention to detail would add to the producer s profits, at the same time augmenting the country’s food supply. Extended studies also have been conducted to deter- mine how certain fish, such as the sardine, might be packed to best advantage, and the by-products of the canneries salvaged. Of great economic importance to the American fruit grower is the Bureau’s project for working out ways to manufacture salable articles from the cull grapefruit, oranges, and lemons which too often constitute a total loss. To bring this about, methods are being de- vised whereby such culls may be converted into bev- erages, jam, marmalade, etc., for which a ready market exists. INVESTIGATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. Along with the research work which is done in con- nection with the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act gc the investigations in the realm of agricultural chemistry that constituted the sole original function of the Bureau. The needs of the farmer still occupy an im- portant place in this branch of the Federal service. For example, the chemistry of plant growth is con- sidered for the purpose of determining the effect of recognized plant food constituents and of the inorganic elements applied at different stages of the growth, as well as the effect of light, on the composition and physical characteristics of plants. The changes taking place during the growing period as the result of any particular treatment are investigated also. The tanning of leather in its various aspects is studied, hat the farmer may receive satisfactory instructions for preparing hides and for selecting with discrimination ind intelligently caring for the leather which he uses for 20 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. Fig. 4.— One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Chemistry in W; FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 21 boots, harness, or belting. Instructions for the cheap and effective waterproofing and mildewproofing of fabrics for wagon covers, stack covers, tents, and tarpaulins have been published. Under way also is a scheme for showing the farmer how he may utilize as stock food cull potatoes and other waste products of his land. It is thought that certain plants not now so employed may prove valuable as stock food. A study of the proteins which they contain is being made to see whether this can be done. As soon as it became evident that fires and explosions in thrashers and in grain elevators and mills might be due to the accumulation, under certain conditions, of grain dusts, the Bureau launched its grain-dust-explosion- prevention campaign for the benefit of the farmer, the thrasher, and the miller. The causes of such fires and explosions have been studied and the results made public. Preventive devices have been perfected and tested, and owners and operators of thrashing machines, mills, and grain elevators told how to install devices and adopt simple precautionary measures which should go a long way toward safeguarding their property. COLLABORATION WITH OTHER DEPART- MENTS. Because of the Bureau’s fitness, in the matter of both personnel and equipment, for conducting chemical, microscopical, and microbiological examinations, many of the other Government departments and bureaus have acquired the habit of turning over to it certain parts of various problems coming within their jurisdiction. For example, the Post Office Department submits for analysis samples of drugs, cosmetics, depilatories, fat producers,” “fat reducers,” food suspected of con- taining poisons, and other material going through the United States mails which is believed to be fraudulent or harmful. The Treasury Department enlists the aid of he Bureau of Chemistry in devising currency paper -vhich is difficult to counterfeit and at the same time is as 22 FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. serviceable as possible. Many samples of foodstuffs and other supplies for the Army are submitted by the office of the Quartermaster General of the Department of War for analysis by the Bureau. Added to these duties are the working out of new analytical methods and the perfecting of old ones, upon which the Bureau is constantly engaged. These results are published from time to time, that they may be of service to commercial and Government chemists alike. COLOR INVESTIGATIONS. Color research work was begun many years ago in the Bureau of Chemistry, for the reason that various types of dye materials are agricultural products and also because the largest users of dyes are the industries utilizing raw agricultural materials. Moreover, the Bureau has been called upon to study very extensively the artificial (coal-tar) dyes, on account of their wide use to color food products. When, therefore, shortly after the outbreak of the recent Great War, Congress thought it advisable for the Government to assist in the development of a domestic dye industry, the experience thus gained by the Bureau of Chemistry made it particularly well equipped to undertake the work. The color laboratory considers chiefly the fundamental principles that underlie the mechanism of the reactions which enter into the production of dyes, and determines the chemical and physical constants of the materials used in the industry. The factory chemist rarely has time to devote to this type of work, and, when he is in a position to carry it on, keeps secret the results which he obtains. The findings of the Government, on the other hand, are made public as rapidly as possible, for the advancement of the entire American dye industry. FEDERAL BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY. 23 OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT WORK. The practical application in the industries and in the arts of the results of scientific research is quite apart from the actual carrying out of an investigation. That the industrial world may have the full benefit of all such results obtained in the Bureau of Chemistry, an office has been established to serve as the connecting link be- tween the Government and the manufacturer or other interested person. This office, known as the Office of Development Work, assumes charge of the results of any given fundamental project of the Bureau as soon as it reaches the stage where it gives promise of being ready for industrial development. The Office of Develop- ment Work, of course, handles only discoveries made in the Bureau of Chemistry. PUBLICATIONS. Reports of the results of the Bureau’s work are issued from time to time. Some take the form of Department of Agriculture bulletins or circulars, a list of which may be had on application to the Bureau, while others, which, it is believed, will be of interest chiefly to some particular class of readers or to a certain industry, ap- pear in the scientific and trade journals of the country. WASHINGTON ; GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ; 1920 AT WHATCOM PASS— WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST IN THE OPEN THE NATIONAL FORESTS OF WASHINGTON mted States Department of Agriculture :: Forest Service :: 1920 WELCOME TO THE NATIONAL FORESTS U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE SPIRIT LAKE — COLUMBIA NATIONAL FOREST UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 138 Contribution from the Forest Service W. B. Greeley, Forester. DIRECTORY OF NATIONAL FORESTS IN WASHINGTON. George H. Cecil, District Forester District Office, Post Office Building, Portland, Oreg. National Forest. Forest Supervisor. Headquarters. Clielan | P. T. Harris Okanogan, Wash. [G. E. Mitchell Chelan, Wash. Columbia F. H. Brundage * Portland, Oreg. Colville C. C. Reid . . . Republic, Wash. Okanogan P. T. Harris. Okanogan, Wash. 1 fRudo L. Fromme* Olympic jo. F. Erickson [Olympia, Wash. Rainier G. F. Allen . . . Tacoma, ^^ash. Snoqualmie JW. G. Weigle* >Seattle, Wash. [Lewis A. Treen J Washington C. H. Park. . . Bellingham, Wash. Wenaha J. C. Kuhns. . . Pendleton, Oreg. Wenatchee A. H. Sylvester Wenatchee, Oreg. District Forest Inspector. IN THE OPEN THE NATIONAL FORESTS OF WASHINGTON T HE woods, rivers, and lakes, the alpine meadows, snow fields, and lofty peaks of the National Forests in Washington are an invitation and a challenge to the lover of the outdoors. Fish in the waters, big game in the back country, snow-covered peaks and glaciers at the top of the divides, and fine scenery every- where, offer sport in abundance to the angler, the hunter, the mountain climber, the tourist, the hiker, and the camper — to everyone, in fact, who likes to take his recreation in the open. The National Forests are the refuge of most of the remaining big game of the State. Deer, bear, cougar, cats, and coyotes are found on practically all the For- ests. There are elk on the Olympic and Rainier and mountain goats along the Cascade Range, on the Washington, Chelan, Snoqualmie, Wenatchee, Rainier, and Columbia National Forests. Grouse are common on all the Forests, and in a few instances duck hunting is possible. For the merciful hunter who shoots his game with the camera there is no closed season on any of these animals or birds. This to many is the ideal method of hunt- ing, since the pictures of wild life thus obtained are evidences of great skill and cunning, and call up memories of happy days in camp and on the trail. For those who hunt to kill, the State game laws, which are operative inside as well as outside the National Forests, regulate the amount of game that may be taken and the season when it may be hunted; and it is one of the duties of every Forest officer to cooperate with the State and county officials in seeing that these laws are observed, to the end that the game resources of the State may be preserved through wise use. Well-located and carefully constructed highways, built in accordance with a definite road program, make it easy for automobiles to reach any of the National Forests of the State, and even to penetrate deeply into the wilderness. And >e\ond the roads many a trail leads high up to ridge and summit overlooking a .remendous expanse of magnificent scenery. Three In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Fo As fast as funds are available, National Forest roads and trails are bein posted with signs to guide the visitor. These signs are of wood, painted white o cream with lettering in dark green or black and they bear in addition to th lettering a shield, in the middle of which is a pine tree and the letters “U S” wit! the words “Forest Service” above and “Department of Agriculture” beneath il This shield is a reproduction of the badge worn by all rangers and other Fores officers, by which they may be identified. Roads, trails, signboards, and maps make it easy to get about the Forest without any other guide. More than 4,000 miles of trail are kept open on th National Forests of Washington and are available for public use. Sixteen hundre* miles of telephone lines make quick communication with the outside world possi ble. In an emergency, the Forest traveler can call up his family or office in tow: from some ranger station in the heart of the wilderness. Registers are kept a local Forest headquarters, where the visitor may write his name and indicate hi probable route of travel. This will make it possible for a Forest officer to find hin in case of the receipt of important messages. The Forest Service has begun the development of camp and picnic gounds 01 suitable sites along the roads leading through the National Forests, clearing U] camping grounds, and providing safe places for building camp fires and other simp! conveniences. Forage for saddle animals and firewood are free. There is something about life in the open that appeals strongly to the seeke after health and recreation. Even a few days spent out in Nature’s wide space; takes the mind from the vexatious daily problems and gives a broader outlook of life and its possibilities. Forests, streams, and mountains furnish a rugged com, panionship never known in town. The establishment of the National Forest: secures for the people widespread areas on which no “Keep Out” signs preven enjoyment of the natural attractions. These Forests belong to the people and thost who use them are simply reaping the benefits of ownership. Millions are makinji use of their Forests every year — touring and tramping through them by road anc trail, exploring their mountain fastnesses, and eagerly searching out their hidden nooks and canyons. You will find them camped by the quiet lakes and besid^j the singing streams and booming waterfalls. They are wearing trails to the loneH summits, where the most inspiring views may be obtained. And there is none tc Fine In the Open — The National Forests of Washington warn them to keep off. Signs put up by the Forest Service guide them along the trails, and the Forest rangers they meet are familiar with the region and are glad to be of service to visitors. They direct them to the best places to fish, camp, hunt, fike, or take pictures, and ask in return only cooperation in preventing forest ires and in keeping camp grounds sanitary and attractive. Maps and detailed information on any particular National Forest may be had m application to the District Forester, Post Office Building, Portland, Oreg., or ;o the supervisor of any Forest. If you wish to build a permanent summer home you may lease a site for a term »f years at a reasonable annual rental. A permit to occupy such a site may cost as ittle as $ 5 a year, and seldom more than $25. Your summer home may be a cabin, cottage, or something more pretentious, as. you wish. The only restrictions are hat the building must not be unsightly, and that the grounds must be kept in a eat and sanitary condition. The use of the National Forests for recreation and health by larger numbers of eople each y ear increases the danger of forest fires; this liability will become an iset just as soon as each individual Forest visitor is careful with his own fire and - e ps on the lookout for fires left by others. CAMPERS HELP PROTECT THE FOREST r HE service performed each year by tourists and campers in finding and putting out small fires before they have time to spread, reporting fires which they can not control, and giving voluntary help in fighting larger fires can not estimated. Still more effective service will be rendered when each Forest visitor per- nally uses the greatest caution in locating, building, and putting out camp fires. lokers may help by carefully putting out stubs and being absolutely sure each itch is out before throwing it down. Most persons who visit the Forests are careful in their use of fire; but a small iportion are not careful, and about one-third of the total number of fires on the tional Forests originate from their inexperience or carelessness. Observance of ' followln g rules will reduce the number of forest fires materially and save an- illy Forest resources worth millions of dollars . In the Open — The National Forests of Washington SEVEN TESTED RULES FOR PREVENTING FOREST FIRES 1 . Matches. — Be sure your match is out. Put it in your pocket or break it in two before throJ ing it away. Make this a habit. 2. Tobacco. — Throw pipe ashes and cigar or cigarette stubs in the dust of the road, and stain I or pinch out the fire before leaving them. Do not throw them into brush, leaves, or needles. 3. Location of camp. — Select a spot as free as possible from inflammable material, shelterel from the wind, and near accessible water. 4. Camp fires. — Never build a camp fire against a tree or log, in leaf mold, or in rotten wool Build all fires away from overhanging branches and on a dirt or rock foundation. Dig out all ro i ten wood or leaf mold from the fire pit, and scrape away all inflammable material within a radii of from 3 to 5 feet. Make sure the fire can not spread on or under the ground or up the mossc bark of a tree while you are in camp, and that it is going to be easy to put out when you are read to leave. 5. Leaving camp. — Never leave a camp fire, even for a short time, without completely extii guishing every spark with water or fresh dirt free from moss and leaf mold. Do not throw charred cro: logs to one side where a smoldering spark might catch. It is well to soak thoroughly all embei and charred pieces of wood and then cover them with dirt. Feel around the outer edge of the fir pit to make sure no fire is smoldering in charred roots or leaf mold. Hundreds of fires escape eac year after campers have thought they were extinguished. 6. Try to put out any fire that you find. — If you can not put it out, get word to the nearer Forest officer as quickly as possible. Every minute saved in reaching the fire is of vital importance 7. Help enforce The fire daws. — They were made to protect your interests. CHELAN NATIONAL FOREST T HE Chelan National Forest, with famous Fake Chelan, lies in north-centra^ Washington, on the watershed of the Chelan and Entiat Rivers, which flo\ southeasterly into the Columbia. Covers of wild mountain scenery visi this Forest by thousands every year. Of Lake Chelan a landscape engineer ha written : If one had the wildest fjord of Norway brought inland and filled with sweet and quiet waters or if one had Lake Brienz of Switzerland extended to a length of 50 miles, one would have a po§ sible competitor for Lake Chelan; but until such improvements in terrestrial topography can b made this lake is unique. It is, in short, and without exaggeration or qualification, one of th? best landscapes in the world. « | Lake Chelan occupies 49 miles of an ancient glacial valley, and the Stehekii River flows into it, passing through a continuation of the same valley for about 2^ miles. The Cascade, Sawtooth, and Chelan Ranges, which surround the lake, rise t( Seven In the Open — The National Forests of Washington In the Open — The National Forests of Washington h Agnes Creek trail — Chelan National Forest a general elevation of 8,000 feet, with many peaks higher. The level of the lake 1,079 f ee t above the sea. The valley is from 10 to 18 miles in width. The cor, bination of these features results in a canyon narrower than the Grand Canyon < the Colorado, and nearly a mile and a half deep. The rugged granite mountain have been carved by the ice into bold cliffs and peaks. The bottom of Cake Chelan is in places more than 500 feet below sea level, and i water is cold, which perhaps accounts for the game qualities of its fish — steelhead, cu : throat, rainbow, and lake trout, and a good many Dolly Vardens. Fishing in the lal* is best in June and July, the time when fly fishing in the smaller streams and lak; begins to draw most of the anglers. Two hatcheries in the region keep the streafi 1 well stocked. There are mule deer and mountain goats, black bear, and grous? but the country is too rough for comfortable hunting, and this has aided in protec ing the game. Boating, camping, fishing, and scenery are the main attractions. Nine In the Open— The National Forests of Washington The larger streams have their sources in the 60 or 70 glaciers and more than 30 lakes that are among the features of the region. The upper courses of these streams are often through wooded or grassy basins, from which they issue in a series of cas- cades and waterfalls. Good automobile roads give access to the lower end of Lake Chelan, from the Sunset Highway and the Yellowstone Trail by Blewett Pass and Wenatchee. The new suspension bridge (Beebe Bridge) crossing the Columbia River at Chelan Sta- tion, 4 miles from Chelan, offers a convenient way of getting to the lake. Several roads from Spokane, which cross the Columbia either at Wenatchee Bridge or Orondo Ferry, lead indirectly to Lake Chelan. Visitors who go by rail leave the main line of the Great Northern at Wenatchee or Oroville and take a branch road to Chelan Station. The 4 miles to the lake is by stage. Daily boats from Chelan, at the foot of the lake, carry tourists to all up-lake points and deliver mail and supplies. Guides and packers with pack trains may be secured at Lucerne (at the mouth of Railroad Creek) and at Stehekin (at the head of the lake). Hotel accommodations may be found at Chelan, Moore Point, Lucerne, ind Stehekin. Most visitors stay at the hotels or in some of the many camping places along he lake - Th e best camps are on the bars at the mouth of the streams, where an ibundance of wood and water and level ground makes camping easy. The best ishing is also at the mouths of the streams. Big Creek, Twin Harbor, Bear Creek 3 rince Creek, Railroad Creek, and Riddle Creek have large summer colonies. There re many other good camps, principally along the southwest shore. Many campers prefer the Stehekin River Valley, which is reached by a road tartmg at Stehekin and extending 16 miles up the river. In late August and early eptember huckleberry picking and bear hunting attract many travelers to this tgion. During the season stages meet the boat and carry tourists and campers to ieartrap Springs, Agnes, Bullion, or Bridge Creek. Camping spots may be found Imost anywhere along the stream. The road ends at Bridge Creek, which is the .nter of some of the best fishing and scenery in the Forest and convenient to large uckleberry patches. Campers in the Lake Chelan region miss a great deal if they do not make a trip to the upper country. The best way is with a pack outfit. The 22-mile trip 9o87 — 20 2 * In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Te | Cut-throat trout caught at the head of Lake Chelan — Chelan National Forest from Lucerne to the head of Railroad Creek furnishes good fishing all the way, witl plenty of camping places, of which Ten Mile, Hart Lake, and Lyman Lake are thf best. Special attractions are the Lyman Glacier (a body of ice miles long bye mile wide) and Bonanza Mountain, 9,500 feet high and the tallest peak in Chelar County. The trail is excellent for a large part of the way, and makes Lyman one oil the most accessible glaciers in America. The wonderful landscape which greets the traveler in Cloudy Pass includes Glacier Peak, with Mount Rainier 100 miles farthei south, and the intervening summit of the Cascades. The return trip may be mad^ by way of Agnes Creek and Stehekin. Three days are sufficient for this trip, but the 1 wise traveler allows five or six. From Stehekin a number of good trips are possible, varying in length from pari of a day to several days. War Creek Pass offers a worth-while one-day trip, as does! also the trip to Agnes Creek and return. Two days should be given to the Creek trip. Most tourists visit Rainbow Falls and the State hatchery, a tance from the falls, which are about 3 miles from Stehekin. Tourists bound for Bridge Creek Camp by wagon should allow a day for the trip from Stehekin. There are many delightful foot or pack-horse trips, starting at Bridge Creek Camp. A two-day trip to Doubtful Lake, above Cascade Pass,! Rainbov; short dis Eleven In the Open — The National Forests of Washington where one can look down on the Olympics and Puget Sound in clear weather, is specially recommended. Side trips may be taken from Horseshoe Basin (a great amphitheater of the main range) to Thunder Creek Glacier, at the head of Park Creek. There are good camps at Cotton- wood, Park Creek, and the upper and lower Park Creek meadows, in the upper basin. Three miles east of Bridge Creek is the glacial valley of the North Fork, io miles long, surrounded by peaks rnnning up to 9,300 feet in ele- vation, and with a number of langing glaciers along the west ide. There are good camps at requent intervals and plenty of uckleberries in season. Falls at the mouth of the mrth Fork have kept out the sh, but fishing in the main :ream from the North Fork up excellent. Twisp, State, and ainy Passes afford very pleas- 'd camping places, with re- arkable scenery. The fishing, hich is good all the way up e stream, culminates at Rainy ike. The game trout swarm [ound the mouth of the creek tptying into the lake from the f at gkcier on the south bank - This trip can be taken from Stehekin in four or e days, but to get its real benefits a week or ten days should be devoted to it Most of the important valleys along Lake Chelan have fair trails leading into h and ° ffer many excellent tri PS- However, it is not always convenient to get irses and guides to go into the country south of Railroad Creek. Mountain goat— Chelan National Forest In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Tu Entiat Valley, which opens into the Columbia Valley at Entiat, parallels La Chelan and offers excellent outing opportunities for visitors. A road passable f automobiles extends 30 miles up the Entiat. The best camps are on the last miles of the river road. The one at Silver Creek, at the end of the road, is populj Trips into Entiat Valley usually outfit at Entiat, where horses can be hire Mad Lake, the Entiat Glacier, and the picturesque heights on both sides of the vail are readily accessible, and fishing in the river and many of its tributaries is good. The Forest Service has surveyed several groups of summer home sites at vario points along Lake Chelan, where lots may be leased at from $10 to $15 a year. T Forest Supervisor, at Okanogan, Wash., or the Deputy Supervisor at Chelan w be glad to answer any inquiries about summer home permits or give informal concerning routes and arrangements for camping trips. District rangers are locat at Chelan, Stehekin, and Stelik Ranger Stations. COLUMBIA NATIONAL FOREST T HE Columbia National Forest lies in the southern part of the State and exten from the Columbia River northward to the Cispus River and from Mou Adams westward to Mount St. Helens. It lies on both sides of t Cascade Range. A system of roads and trails, with a total length of 534 miles, gives easy acc^ to points of special interest within the Forest. Forest travelers unfamiliar with t country will have little difficulty in finding their way, because there are signboar along trails and at important trail intersections. Game is fairly abundant, and the well-stocked streams and lakes fumi excellent sport for the angler during the open season. The outfitting points for the eastern side of the Forest are Guler and Tro Lake, Wash., about 26 miles north of White Salmon, the nearest railroad point. I automobile stage, daily except Sunday, connects White Salmon with Guler. Aut mobiles for special trips can also be obtained at Guler. Not only hotel accommod tions, but also saddle horses, pack horses, packers, and guides usually may be secur' at Guler. The base of Mount Adams is 12 miles north. This notable peak has an elev tion of 12,307 feet and its summit is crowned with perpetual snow, while extensi glaciers hold its upper slopes in their icy fingers. These glaciers present gre Thirteen In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Spirit Lake— Columbia National Forest anety and individuality. Some are very steep and broken, others steep and mooth, and still others are not only smooth, but have an easy grade. The Klickitat precipice, on the east side of the mountain, almost perpendicular and nearly a mile ugh by 4 to 5 miles long, is a striking natural phenomenon with its face of glistening :e and varicolored rocks. Bird Creek Meadows, embracing about 3,000 acres, is a most delightful mountain ark and makes an ideal place for camping. Among its attractions are grassy lades, highly colored alpine flowers, groves of evergreen trees, snow-fed streams, umerous waterfalls, and a dozen small mountain lakes. The series of lava caves accessible from Guler by automobile is of considerable iterest to tourists. One of these caves, 7 miles west of Guler, is so well protected iom summer heat that it contains ice during the entire season. The extensive huckleberry patches, reaching from South Prairie northward to ead Horse and westward to the Racetrack and Twin Buttes countries, attract many si tors during August and September, who come for the combined purposes of eking berries and enjoying a vacation in the mountains. A lava bed, 10 miles In the Open — The National Forests of Washington FourL long and from i to 5 miles wide, in the vicinity of Indian Racetrack, extends ea: to Goose Lake and south to Lava Creek and South Prairie. Forest growth already changing this from a desolate barren into a timber-producing area of muc beauty. In the smooth lava near Goose Lake there are distinct impressions of pair of human hands and feet, which have caused considerable conjecture as to the origin. It is the opinion of scientists who recently visited the region that thes impressions were cut in the lava by some Indian medicine man. An interesting 10-day trip starts at Guler and carries the traveler by way < Mount Adams and the Cispus River divide to Mount St. Helens, through the beaut ful Nigger Head and Blue Lake countries, where excellent camping places an abundant forage for horses can be found. The view from Craggy Peak ( north ( Blue Lake, and fairly easy to climb) is well worth the effort it requires. Return may be made by way of the Spirit Lake — Guler Trail, which pass* through some splendid stands of timber and also crosses the Lewis River buri where the effects of fire on the forests are very apparent. The Forest Service maintains a forest nursery and experiment station 10 mile up Wind River Valley from Carson, Wash. Visitors have the opportunity of seein millions of baby trees growing under cultivation. Just before planting seaso about 2,000,000 of these trees are taken up annually and shipped to planting ares on the various Forests of Washington and Oregon, where they are set out to restoc areas on which fire has destroyed the natural tree growth. Five miles further up Wind River are Government Mineral Springs and Sod Springs, which are accessible by automobile. Hotel accommodations are availabl at Government Springs. The water from these springs is pleasing to the taste an is credited with certain medicinal qualities. For persons who prefer to camp then are suitable camp grounds. Wind River, a short distance from the springs, pre vides fair fishing. A number of interesting side trips may be taken from Government Spring? The trip to the falls of Falls Creek is perhaps the most popular. These falls hav a total drop of about 250 feet and consist of a series of cascades and vertical fall? They are located about 5 miles from Government Springs and may be reached by * good trail. The timber near the springs is being logged, but areas immediatel; adjacent and fringes of timber along the streams are being reserved for seen! purposes. Fifteen In the Open — The National Forests of Washington The St. Helens country may be reached from Castle Rock, Wash., as an out- fitting point. A road 47 miles long, passable for automobiles, connects Castle Rock and Spirit Lake. This road is being improved by the Forest Service and Cowlitz County. At present there are no hotel accommodations at Spirit Lake, and tourists should take necessary provisions and camping equipment. Spirit Lake lies at an altitude of 3,199 feet, about 3 miles north of the base of Mount St. Helens. The lake is 3 miles long and averages over one-half mile in width. It is famous as a fishing place. Here, on land occupied under special use permit, is the permanent camp of the Portland Y. M. C. A. Boys’ Department. The Forest Service maintains a public camp ground on the south shore of the lake, where tourists and campers are always welcome. A heavy forest surrounds the lake. The Forest Service has surveyed 59 summer home sites along the south shore of the lake, which are open for leasing by the public at prices ranging from $7.50 to $10 a year, depending upon location. More definite information concern- ing these sites may be obtained from the District Ranger at Spirit Lake or by addressing the Forest Supervisor, Portland, Oreg. Mount St. Helens, 9,671 feet high, is the youngest mountain in the Cascade Range. Because of its youth, its surface is smooth and its shape more symmetrical than those of the older peaks. Eruptions occurred as late as 1842, and at the present time there are fissures from which sufficient heat is exuded to cook rice overnight On the summit is a fairly level area of about 50 acres. This mountain is most easily climbed from the southern side, but no great obstacles are encountered in ascending from the north. Persons not accustomed to mountain climbing should not attempt it without a guide. The glaciers of Mount St. Helens (noted for their cleanness and their crevasses) and the wells and caves are features which draw an increasing number of visitors each year. Lava flows containing enormous caves occur on the southwestern side. Almost perfect casts of trees and logs are also found in the stone. These lava flows are most easily reached from Woodland Wash. An automobile road up the Lewis River makes travel possible to within 1 mile of the most interesting features. The supervisor’s headquarters is in the Post Office Building, Portland Oreg and district rangers are located at Stabler, Guler, and Spirit Lake. In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Sixtee, COLVILLE NATIONAL FOREST T HE Colville National Forest lies in the Kettle River range of mountains, whicl is unique in that it is isolated from other mountain ranges of the State. Tht elevation varies widely, from 950 feet at Oroville to 7,200 feet in the Ketth River Range. This variation of elevation is reflected in the varying conditions ol weather and in plant and animal life. Considerable early history of the Northwest was made in this region, Fori Colville, near Kettle Falls, being established in 1814. At this point the Columbia River falls nearly a hundred feet, the huge volume of water pouring over the granite rocks making a scene which attracts more than local visitors. Tourists drive tc the cliff, where the road commands a view of the falls. Here they leave their cars and walk down the shady trail to the very edge of the cascade, where, in May and June they are often able to secure pictures of salmon leaping into the air in theii efforts to climb the waterfall. In the quieter eddies below the falls one may see thousands of eels attached to the under cliffs to rest and waving with the current like sea moss. Adjacent to the Colville National Forest for nearly 100 miles the Great Northern Railway follows the shore of Kettle River up Curlew Valley and past Curlew Lake to Republic, a mining camp from which considerable gold and silver have been shipped. The railroad also extends from Curlew to Oroville, near the outlet of Osoyoos Lake. Tourists may visit the remotest settlement in the Colville National Forest by automobile and secure camping supplies from towns on or away from the railroad. Outfitting towns on the railroad are Marcus, Boyds, Orient, Danville, Curlew, Republic, Oroville, Tonasket, and Riverside. Towns away from the rail- road where provisions may be had are Wauconda, Anglin, and Chesaw. There are 1 excellent approaches to the Forest from any direction. In addition to the railroad, State roads No. 10, No. 4, and No. 22, with their tributaries, intersect the Forest. The Forest Service owns and maintains telephone lines connecting ranger stations, fire-patrol stations, and lookouts, and reaching all) the towns mentioned and dozens of other points convenient to roads and trails. The Forest is remarkably well supplied with large and small game and upland, birds, which may be hunted during the open seasons. Trout fishing is good in nearly all the streams. The San Poil River is well stocked with salmon and trout. Seventeen In the Open — The National Forests 0} Washington On the heights Eastern brook and rainbow trout are found in all the principal lakes. There are ixcellent outing opportunities on all parts of the Forest. Marcus is a railroad junction and division point and a ranger headquarters, -rom Marcus Lake Ellen may be reached by automobile, train, or pack outfit. iere are excellent fishing and hunting— trout and bass, upland birds, and deer in eason. . A visit t0 Sherman Creek Falls makes a delightful trip, with camping and trout shing and deer, bear, and bird hunting in season. Travelers may leave their utomobiles at the summit of Sherman Creek road and visit the Columbia Lookout tation by a i-mile trail trip. Here may be obtained a magnificent view hundreds f miles in extent of the snow-capped mountains— the mountains of Canada to the orth, tne Cascades to the west, and the Bitterroot spurs to the east. For rugged mountaineering and big-game hunting, the visitors should take a ack trip up Boulder Creek from Orient. This region supports many black and rown bear. A ranger is stationed at Orient, who will be glad to give information mcerning the district. 9387°— 20 3 In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Eight | There is good trout and grayling fishing all along the Kettle River, up whit! the trip may be made from Danville. There are hundreds of ideal camping placj along this river. For boating and trout fishing Curlew Lake is recommende Boats may be hired at Pollard. With a standard spoon hook and a 150-foot lii | sportsmen may secure plenty of excitement at Curlew Lake. A ranger is stationc at Danville. The Forest Supervisor’s headquarters are at Republic, which is tl outfitting point for a number oi delightful camping, fishing, and hunting trip Swan, Amy, and Long Lakes are the goals of wagon trips that promise splend: sport. The San Poil River, which may be reached by automobile, furnishes exce lent trout fishing with fly or bait. Tons of salmon are caught from the San Pc River annually. Bonaparte Lake is reached by automobile from Molson or Republic. Th lake is locally famous for its recreation attractions, especially trout fishing an camping. Near by, on a good road, is Lost Lake, where a bathhouse, springboard, an shelters have been provided by the Forest Service for the use of the public. Los Lake is closed to fishing, as the State of Washington has a fish hatchery her< from which a great portion of the fry used in stocking the waters of eastern Wasl ington are taken. The Forest Service maintains a summer patrol station at Los Lake, with telephone connections to Wauconda. The climb to Bonaparte Lookout rewards the traveler with a magnificen view of the mountains of Canada and the beautiful Chopaca Range to the west Beaver Lake, 4 miles distant by trail from Lost Lake, furnishes excelled black-bass fishing. Crawfish Lake and Lost Creek, where fishing and hunting i; season are good, may be reached from Riverside or Tonasket. Information about further trips on the Colville Forest, or concerning summe home sites, may be obtained by addressing the Forest Supervisor, Republic, Wash OKANOGAN NATIONAL FOREST T HE Okanogan National Forest is a paradise for sportsmen. Deer, bea^ grouse, rainbow trout, and brook trout are abundant. Conconully is f : famous hunting and fishing center. Early Winters Creek, near Mazama, i? a favorite fishing stream, accessible by automobile. All through this region then are fish for the fisherman and deer for the hunter. A true sportsman will, how Nineteen In the Open— The National Forests of Washington north to Canada, and south to the ever, provide himself with a copy of the game laws and will obey them, in order that there may be some game left for the other fellow. The Okanogan National Forest extends from the summit of the Cascade Range east to the valley of the Okanogan Sawtooth Mountains, which separate the waters of the Methow from those of Take Chelan. With the exception of the fertile Met- how Valley, it is all mountainous country, great stretches of which are almost unex- plored. The shepherd with his flocks, an occasional prospector or trapper, and forest officers are practically its only frequenters. Parts of it, like the mysterious canyon of Lost River, are known to very few. This ' back country can be reached by trails, and offers unique enjoyment to the man who loves the wilderness. The northern section of the Cascade Mountains is perhaps its most rugged and beautiful part. High peaks, glaciers, and waterfalls abound. The mountain goat, which is rapidly dis- appearing in the more southern mountains, makes its home here and is frequently seen, rhere is no open season for killing this rare inimal. Deer and bear are little molested. Deer may be hunted from October i 0 November 15, inclusive. The larger streams furnish excellent fishing, having lever been fished out. Entering this country from the Methow or Okanogan ne finds abundant horse feed, which makes leisurely travel possible 1 AutomobiIe tourists “ay reach the Okanogan Forest by a 5-hour drive from enatchee up the Columbia River to Pateros, turning here up the Methow to w,sp, Wmthrop, and Mazama on State Road No. I2 . F reqU ent byroads lead to na er tributaries. Many good camping places are found along the main road articularly at Gold Creek, up the Twisp River, and along the west fork of the Brook trout In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Twer Methow. The lower hills are covered with a comfortable shade of open yelkr pine timber. The streams are clear and swift. From State Road No. 12, trails lead 12 or 15 miles to the rugged peaks of thj Sawtooth Mountains, 8,000 feet high, which overlook Take Chelan in its wonderfi setting of mountain scenery. Trails also lead down from the summit to the shorj of the lake, a distance of about 6 miles. There are trout in the streams and deer in the hills, and stores and farr houses along the valley to furnish supplies. Innumerable sheltered places invit the tourist to camp in quiet enjoyment. At Alta Take, near Pateros, the wate is clear and warm enough for bathing. Sixty-five miles up the valley the roa narrows to a “narrow gauge,” or trail, which leads through Harts Pass and the down the western slopes of the Cascades and along the route of the propose State road crossing the mountains to the coast. At Twisp a road strikes east crossing the Okanogan Range at an elevation of 4,000 feet and going down t Okanogan. This is usually open to automobiles by May 1, and has excellen places to camp in the yellow pine timber, particularly near Sweat Creek Range Station, where the country is smooth and pleasing, having an elevation of 3,50 feet above sea level. From Okanogan State Road No. 10 leads up the valley t Oroville, near the Canadian line. A return trip may be made through the foothills by way of Toomis an» Conconully to Okanogan, and thence south to Pateros. From Oroville one ma take a popular run into British Columbia around Takes Osoyoos and Okanogar There is a Government reclamation project and dam at Conconully. Man ; attractive places invite the tourist to camp along the route. One can find hote i accommodation and make the trip from Wenatchee to Okanogan, Oroville, Con conully, Twisp, and return to Wenatchee in three or four days; but many prefer t< go prepared to camp and enjoy more fully the cool and shady places along the way Tourists looking for an unusually picturesque trip may outfit at Winthrop I go with pack horses up Eight Mile Creek to Cathedral Take, thence west to thi summit of the Cascades, south along the summit to Harts Pass, and return through $ Mazama to Winthrop. This trip may be made in two weeks, but deserves a muc' longer time. At Cathedral Takes the traveler is near the Bauerman Ridge State sheef preserve, where he may get sight of mountain sheep. At the head of Eight Mile Twrnty- One In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Creek he is in one of the hest mountain goat countries. Both goats and ptar- migan are frequently seen along the route, but may be hunted only with a camera. Here also is opportunity to explore the deep and little known canyon of Lost River, which flows alternately above and below the ground for miles between high rocky walls. Cathedral, Remmel, Sheep, Ashnola, and Windry Peaks may be climbed for the extensive views which they command. Ashnola and Pasayten Rivers furnish excellent fishing, as do other streams and lakes. The trails follow for miles along open grassy ridges, unique in the Cascades and a great convenience for horse travel. There is much to explore and enjoy. The summit of the Cascades is exceedingly rough and broken, but the old trails are traveled each year by the sheepmen with their horses and many thousands of sheep. It is a wonderful country, with high peaks, glaciers, mountain meadows, and snow fields which are yet to be opened to those who enjoy mountain travel. Shorter trips, either by horse or afoot, are numerous. One-day trips may be made from Methow Valley to the 8,ooo-foot summits of the Sawtooth Mountains and thence to Lake Chelan; from Mazama to the summit of the Cascades; from Conconully or Loomis to the Okanogan summits, 6,000 to 8,000 feet high. Tiffany Mountain, 8,775 feet in elevation, can be reached in a day from Conconully. Mount Gardiner, 8,300 feet, offers a difficult climb from Winthrop. Two days should be allowed for this trip. An especially pleasing trip, either on foot or horse- back, starts at Twisp, follows the Twisp River to War Creek or Twisp Pass and down to the head of Lake Chelan, where the boat trip on the lake may be made from Stehekin. For those who desire to build summer cottages or lodges in the cool open shade of the yellow-pine timber there is abundant opportunity. It is especially attractive in the vicinity of Winthrop and Twisp. There is train service to Pateros and comfortable twice-a-day stages up the Methow either to Twisp or to Winthrop. Land can be leased at a moderate rental from the Forest Service. Sites beside automobile roads and within easy reach of supplies are available. Full use of the National Forests for recreation in all its phases is encouraged. The headquarters of the supervisor is at Okanogan. Rangers are stationed at Winthrop, Twisp, Pateros, Conconully, and Loomis. Information concerning recreation and other features of the Forest may be secured at any of these points. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Twenty Tu. OLYMPIC NATIONAL FOREST /nrAHE Olympic National Forest is on the Olympic Peninsula, and takes in tht JL entire upper drainage of the Olympic Mountains. Since the extension o: the Olympic Highway to the foothills along Hood Canal, the Straits o: Juan de Fuca, and Quinault Lake, a great number of people have been able tc explore the Olympics. The rugged crags of Mount Constance, the Brothers, and the Cushman Moun tains, as they appear from any point on Puget Sound, do not look easy to scale yet frequently during the summer season parties ascend these high, majestic snow- caps. Mount Olympus, with its many hanging glaciers, has been the main object of most of the larger exploring expeditions. It can be climbed with comparative ease and safety during late summer, although it calls for trail travel of fully 4c miles up the Elwha River. Greater distances must be covered coming up the Hoh from the west, up the Quinault from the south, or over the Dosewallips divide from the east, in order to reach its immediate base. It has an altitude of about 8,000 feet and is the culmination of a group of rugged peaks and high, craggy ridges ranging from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Although the valleys and lower slopes of the Olympic Mountains are heavily timbered, many large open park areas are located near the divides; and it is here, during the summer season, that one sees the Olympic elk (Roosevelt elk), an animal protected by law until now it is found in abundance throughout these natural retreats. These park-like woodlands are of special interest, since they are little beyond the exploration stage of development at present. They abound in interest- ing animal and alpine-plant life. Crescent Lake, Quinault Lake, and Lake Cushman, situated as they are in densely timbered regions abruptly bordered by steep, high, rugged mountain slopes, almost approach the sublime in natural beauty. For those who do not wish to take their own camp equipment, attractive hotels have been built at these; points, and recreational facilities of many kinds have been developed. Trout — { Beardsley, Lake Cresent, cut-throat, rainbow, Dolly Varden — and other gamey fish- are found in these lakes. A number of summer visitors who come regularly have established summer cottages on the shores on lots rented from the Government at the modest rates of $10 and $15 per annum. Twenty- Three In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Summer home on the shore of Lake Quinault Lrescent Lake is a beautiful, deep-blue body of water 1 1 miles long by one- half to 2 miles wide. It is set between the timbered slopes of Mount Muller and Mount Storm King, on the northern edge of the Olympic Forest. Here there are good boating, fishing, and bathing. Hotels are available for those who do not care to camp out. There is a daily automobile stage service between Crescent Lake and the Sol Due Hot Springs, and to Forks, the present terminus of the Olympic Highway. Mora, on the Quillayute, can be easily reached by motor, and from here ft 1S a walk of miles to La Push, the Indian village of the Pacific Ocean beach. \urora Camp, Happy Lake, and the Olympic Hot Springs are a few of the interest- 's objectives in the region for hiking trips. Crescent Lake is located 220 miles rom Seattle, on the scenic Olympic Highway. Convenient stopping places are ound along the way. For those desiring to follow regular transportation routes 1 midnight steamer may be had from the Coleman Dock at Seattle. The boat irrives at Port Angeles daily at 7 a. m., from which point large motor stages take he tourists direct to Crescent Lake, 20 miles west. Or one may travel over the ’eattle, Port Angeles & Western Railroad, the railroad ticket entitling one to In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Tw f o A wayside camp — Olympic National Forest take a boat from Seattle at 8 a. m. and 5 p. m., transferring to the railroad at Por Townsend. By this route Port Angeles is reached at noon or about 10.30 p. m Lake Crescent is unique in being the home of the Beardsley and Crescent trout which are found nowhere else in the world. The Beardsley is the largest knowi true fresh-water trout. Specimens weighing 24 pounds have been caught in reccn years, by trolling with a metal line at a depth of 200 feet. The open fishing seasof is from April to November, inclusive. The Quinault Lake region has been made accessible recently to tourists and i; rapidly becoming appreciated on account of its picturesque setting among denseb timbered mountain slopes, with a background border of high craggy ridges anc : snow-covered peaks. It is approximately 4 miles long by 2 miles wide. It is located 45 miles north of Hoquiam, Wash., and being on the Olympic Highway can readily be reached by automobile. There is a daily motor stage service be ; tween Hoquiam and the lake. Points of interest in this vicinity are Mount Baldyi Colonel Bob, Finley Ridge, and Three Lakes meadow. The canoe trip down thl lower river 35 miles through the Quinault Indian Reservation to Taholah, on the ocean beach, is worth taking. High glacial mountains, such as Mount Anderson and some of the large groups surrounding Olympus, offer wilder interest. Good fishing has always been a strong attraction to those visiting this region. Quinault Twenty - Fite In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Elk on Hoh River — Olympic National Forest Lake teems with rainbow trout and a good variety of small salmon, which may be caught during the open season. Clear and cool drinking water is abundant in springs and small creeks flowing from the mountains. Bathing and boating are features not to be overlooked. Lake Cushman, located near the lower end of Hood Canal, is somewhat smaller but no less attractive than Lakes Crescent and Ouinault. Here also are hotel accommodations and opportunities for canoeing, fishing, and bathing. The upper and more mountainous country is quite accessible from here. Olympic Hot Springs, which can be reached by road or trail, is 1 1 miles from the Elwha post office, on the Olympic Highway. It is an especially attractive place tor those desiring the privileges of hot mineral baths. These springs are free to all. rhe water flows from beneath the surface of rock ledges in sufficient quantities to accommodate hundreds of tourists. A hotel with reasonable rates is established iere, and there are also bath-houses. For those preferring their own accommoda- 10ns, splendid camping places can easily be had near the springs along Boulder ^reek. A camp here makes good headquarters for side trips in quest of the more lardy forms of recreation, such as mountain climbing and hunting in the higher fountains and glaciers. Hunting is fairly good within a few hours of the springs, .nd there is an open game season. 9387°— 20 4 In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Twe ^\ — Deer, bear, mountain lion, and smaller game, such as grouse, quail, ant! pheasants, are found in portions of the Olympic Forest. For the camera enthusias there are mountain parks, dense forests, snow peaks, glaciers, lakes, cascades, an< waterfalls, and wild animal life. Of the latter, the Olympic elk are of the greates interest to the average moun tain visitor. It is estimatec| that there are more than 5,00c j elk to be found within the 1 Olympic National Forest. The} are often seen in bands of froir 20 to 100, particularly in the larger mountain meadows anc| valleys of the central and western slopes. Approximately 2,000 of these animals winter in the Hoh Valley alone. The other popular haunts are the Queets, Elwha, Ouinault, Sole- duck, and Bogachiel Valleys, in the order named. There is no open season for killing elk, though there is no law against hunting with a camera. The; blacktail is the only species of! deer known to range in the. Olympic Mountains and may! be killed only during the month of October. Black bear are I fairly common, and cougar are Falls and canyon on Soleduck River rather frequently found. The( large timber wolf, a menace to young deer and weak elk during the season of deep: snows, is becoming rare. Wildcat, marten, fisher, beaver, marmots, squirrels, rabbits, < mountain beaver, and chipmunks are the more common smaller wild animals. The Forest Supervisor’s headquarters is at Olympia, and district rangers are located at Port Angeles, Quilcene, Hoodsport, and Olson, Wash. Twenty- Seven In the Open—The National Forests of Washington RAINIE.R NATIONAL FOREST R AINIER NATIONAL FOREST extends from the White River on the north to Mount Adams at the south, and from the headwaters of the Skook- umchuck River on the west to the lower reaches of the Naches River on the east. Mount Rainier National Park is entirely surrounded by the Rainier National Forest. The larger streams of the Forest are the White, Cowlitz, Cispus, and Tieton Rivers, and the Naches and its tributaries. The main divide of the Cascades sep- arates the Forest into two parts quite different in climate, landscape, and forest cover. Dense forests of fir, cedar, and hemlock cover the valleys and lower foothills of the west side and traveling is limited to the trails. There is little forage except on the summit of the higher ridges. On the east slope the timber is open and there are few localities where grass is not abundant. The Cascade divide extends north and south through the Forest, reaching an elevation of 12,307 feet in Mount Adams and 8,201 feet at the Goat Rocks. The general elevation of the summit is about 5,000 feet. It is a subalpine region and includes many open parks and grassy meadows, where there is pasturage for saddle and pack animals. Many of the forest streams are well supplied with cut-throat and rainbow :rout. The Dolly Varden is common, except in the smaller streams. It is much nfenor m flavor to the other trout species. Great numbers of trout are caught in ’ackwood Lake and the Green Water Lakes. The best trout streams are the \ aches, the South Fork of the Tieton, and upper Bumping River on the east slope .nd the tributaries of the Cispus and Cowlitz on the west slope. A fair catch can -e made in nearly all the streams, but the best fishing is in those most remote and *ast accessible. Deer are abundant, but not easily seen or hunted except in sparsely timbered reas of high elevation. Elk, which have been introduced, are rapidly increasing nder the protection of the game laws. Black bear are abundant, and mountain ats are occasionally seen. The pheasant and the grouse (or “hooter”) are the 1 Common S® birds. Mountain and California quail are not uncommon, and -armigan are occasionally seen at the higher elevations. The State game and fish ws apply to National Forests, and Forest officers cooperate with the State author- their efforts to preserve by careful use the game resources of the State. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Twenty- Eight “Bow string” pack bridge over Rattlesnake Creek — Rainier National Forest Roads lead into the Forest along the larget stream valleys, but have not yet been completed across the summit of the Cascades. State highways carry the travel from Tacoma and Seattle well into the Forest along the White, Nisquallv, ( and Cowlitz Rivers. McClellan Pass Highway, built by the Forest Service and the State, is now < completed as far as The Dalles of White River and is under construction to the ! northeast corner of the National Park. From Knumclaw this road is through a dense forest, the timber of which is straight and tall. , A summer-home colony is growing up beside this highway, just above Silver Creek. This stream receives its name from the succession of silvery white falls and cascades along its course. The National Park Highway from Tacoma to Mount Rainier follows the Nis- ; qually River in the Rainier National Forest for 3 miles. j A fairly good trail, starting near Copper Creek in the Nisqually Valley, extends ! north across the Mowich and Puyallup watersheds, through heavy timber, to the ' Carbon Valley at Fairfax. Twtnty- Nine In the Open — The National Forests of Washington In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Thirti At the top of the divide— Rainier National Forest A passable road extends up the Cowlitz Valley to Lewis, where there is a hotel and store. A trail leads from Lewis to Packwood Lake. Lewis is 16 miles by trail from Longmire Springs. From Lewis the Chanapecosh Hot Springs are reached by a 14-mile trip, partly by road and the remainder by trail. The Goat Rocks are high snow peaks about 15 miles distant from Lewis, situated in a region that is particularly attractive. A graded trail extends from Longmire Springs to Mount Adams, at the south end of the Forest. This trail leads through a country of many scenic attractions and makes a foot or horseback trip well worth while. The Chain of Lakes country is a high but comparatively level region just below the snow hills on the west slope of Mount Adams. It is a favorite berry-picking and hunting ground of the Indians, who go there by hundreds during the latter part of August. The traveler may proceed from the Chain of Lakes to Glenwood, or Trout Lake, and thence to Portland by stage and train. The entire trip from Tacoma by Long mire Springs, Chain of Lakes, Glenwood, or Trout Lake, to Portland mav be made Thirty- One In the Open — The National Forests of Washington in from ten days to two weeks, and affords an excellent opportunity to see the south slope of Mount Rainier in the National Park, and the west slope, the sum- mit, and the east slope of the main Cascade Range in the Rainier National Forest. The Mount Bel and Lake Christine region is one of the most beautiful places in the Forest. It is a mountain country, with many small clear lakes and alpine meadows. On the east side of the Forest, wagon roads passable by automobile extend up ■ the Naches and Tieton Valleys from Yakima and Ellensburg. Hotel accomoda- tions can be obtained at Bumping Lake and on the Naches at the mouth of Bump- ing River. There is also a wagon road into the Forest up the Taneum Valley. Many summer-home sites are located north of the junction of American and Bump- ing Rivers, and may be reached by automobile up the Naches Valley. A splendid horse trip carries the traveler up the American River to Bear Gap, thence south along the main summit of the Cascades to Carleton Pass, returning by way of Bumping Lake and Bumping River. One of the best views of Mount Rai- nier may be seen along the summit. This trip requires at least a week’s time and should not be undertaken until about the middle of August, on account of snow. There is a tent hotel at the mouth of American River, where accommodations may be secured. Colonies are growing up on the summer-home site tracts on Gold Creek and along the Naches. These sites are rented from the Government at rates ranging from $10 to $15 a year, according to location. The Forest Supervisor’s headquarters is in the Post Office Building, Tacoma. District rangers are stationed at Fairfax, Nile, Enumclaw, Randle, Ashford, Lewis, and Yakima. SNOQUALMIE NATIONAL FOREST T HE Snoqualmie National Forest is situated in the eastern portions of King and Snohomish Counties, extending from the Pierce County boundary on the south to the Skagit County line on the north. The eastern bound- ary of the Forest is the main summit of the Cascade Range, while the western line is along the foothills. The principal streams draining this territory from north to south are the Sauk, Stilaguamish, Sultan, Skykomish, three forks of the Snoqualmie, and the Cedar and Green Rivers. Narrow valleys are char- acteristic of the region, between which the intervening ridges rise in steep slopes In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Thirty Tw The forest ranger knows the country and is always glad to direct travelers culminating in high rugged peaks, usually above timber line and in many cases clothed with perpetual snow and ice. Although close to many cities, the Snoqualmie Forest is one of the most popular regions for sportsmen in the State. Black-tail and mule deer and black and brown bear are found throughout the territory. Deer may be hunted only during the month of October. Mountain goats at one time were very plentiful, but have been killed off until at present they are to be found only in the most rugged and inaccessible portions of the Forest. Fishing is excellent after the first of July, rainbow trout and cut-throats abounding in all the larger streams. Many of the 1 lakes have been artificially stocked, both with native species and with eastern brook trout. The open fishing season is from April to November, inclusive. Ptarmigan are frequently seen in the higher mountains, and grouse and fool-hens are found in limited numbers at lower altitudes. Attractive camp sites are situated at short intervals along every creek and « among the lakes and meadows in the high country. Along the principal routes ‘ of travel the Forest Service has cleared up the most desirable sites for the benefit of : the public. Thirty- Three In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Glacier Peak, 10,436 feet high, is the most noted landmark in the region, and one of the most beautiful snow peaks in the Cascade Range. A large system of glaciers extends around the entire mountain. One of the most beautiful and accessible bits of mountain scenery in the State lies along the valley of the South Fork of the Stilaguamish between Silverton and Monte Cristo. Both sides of this valley are lined with rugged spirelike peaks, which bear many snow fields and living glaciers — a paradise for those who are ; fond of mountaineering. Several of these peaks have never been scaled. The Index region, in the lower Skykomish Valley, is well worth visiting. It is walled in by high mountains, such as Index Mountain, Gunn Peak, Baring Moun- tain, and Mount Persis, which reach elevations of from 6,000 to 7,000 feet. Several beautiful waterfalls in the main Skykomish River are situated here. There are many side trips to charming mountain lakes, such as Isabel and Serens. Farther up the valley the traveler can reach without great difficulty the splendid mountain region surrounding Take Dorothy. The country around Snoqualmie Pass is the most interesting in the southern portion of the Forest. It is easily reached by rail or automobile and is noted for its beautiful lakes and massive rocky peaks. Snow Lake is an exceptionally beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by towering moun- tains and glistening snow fields. Franklin Falls is another point of interest. Accessibility is one of the great advantages of this region from an outing standpoint. All the principal valleys can be inexpensively reached by train or automobile in from 2 to 6 hours from Seattle, Tacoma, or Everett. Regular stage rnes run from the Forest to all the larger towns adjacent to its boundaries. Also, t is crossed by the Sunset and Scenic Highways, by the main lines of the Northern Pacific, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and the Great Northern Railways, and s tapped by the Hartford and Eastern and by the Carrington Branch of the Northern Pacific. Travel off the regular routes is generally arduous, not only because of the teepness of the mountains, but also because of the heavy timber and dense under- growth. The excellent trails of the Forest Service, marked by frequent guide igns, enable even the inexperienced traveler to reach the most interesting places; ut anyone who has not had considerable experience in mountaineering should ot attempt to go into the remote sections or off the main trails without a reliable I 9387 — 20 5 In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Thirty- Four guide. In most instances, anyone who takes a trail trip will be forced to carry! his supplies and equipment upon his back, because pack horses and saddle horses are scarce and there is little available pasturage. Pack trips of three or four days’ duration are perfectly feasible! over the main trails, provided arrangements are made to carry sufficient hay and grain. The best season for camp- ing is between June 1 5 and No- vember 1 , although in some cases there is a month of good weather in April or May. Dur- ing winter the snowfall is ordi- narily extremely heavy, varying in depth from 4 to 20 feet. UPPER SAUK REGION Small but snug Beginning at the north end of the Forest, the last outfitting place is Darrington, at the ter- minus of a branch line of the Northern Pacific. Darrington is also reached from Arlington, 30 miles west, by automobile or stage over a fairly good road. Hotel accommodations can be had at Darrington, and supplies, horses, and guides i can be obtained at reasonable rates. There are no garages, but gas is available. Hotel accommodations and supplies can be obtained also at Oso, Hazel, and Fortson, railroad stations between Arlington and Darrington. From Darrington trails radiate in various directions, the most popular being up the Sauk River, over i a good route suitable for horses. Excellent camping places are found along it at j close intervals. The distance to Clear Creek Ranger Station is 3 miles; to the \ Whitechuck bridge, 10.6 miles; to Goat Take, 26.1 miles; and to Barlow Pass, j 24.4 miles. From the Whitechuck bridge a horse trail extends up the river of the same name to Fire Creek, 25 miles from Darrington, and it is not difficult to con- Thirty- Five In the Open— The National Forests of Washington tinue by foot to Glacier Peak, a total distance of 38 miles. The good fishing grounds on Deer Creek are reached over a trail running north from Hazel across the Higgins Range (n miles) and a branch leads off this trail to the Mount Higgins Lookout Station. Fishing is especially good in all the streams of this locality. The most popular streams are Boulder Creek, Clear Creek, and the Sauk River from the mouth of the W hitechuck to Bedal, at the junction of the north and south forks of the Sauk. The South Fork of the Sauk is closed to fishing and hunting. There is no fishing in the Whitechuck River on account of the glacial sediment carried by that stream. Good fishing may be had in Deer Creek, which enters the North Fork of the Stila- guamish River at Oso. Deer and bear are fairly plentiful, the best hunting being on Mount Higgins, Squire Creek, and Whitechuck Mountain. Grouse are quite plentiful along the North Fork of the Stilaguamish and on the slopes of Mount Higgins. Owing to the rapid extinction of the game in this region, the Goat Lake Game Refuge was set aside in the hope of increasing the number of game animals. This refuge embraces the entire watershed of the South Fork of the Sauk and that part of the watershed of the South Fork of the Stilaguamish above Perry Creek. Neither hunting nor fishing is permitted on this area. The best scenic trips include Goat Lake, Glacier Peak, and the headwaters of Clear Creek, and during late summer many inspiring camping places can be found in the higher mountains among the lakes and mountain meadows. The timber is especially fine along the Sauk and the lower portion of the Whitechuck. A fire lookout station is maintained on Pugh Mountain at an elevation of 7,150 feet, from which a wonderful view can be obtained of the Cascade Range from the Canadian boundary to Mount Rainier ana Mount Adams. Huckleberries are especially plentiful on Mount Higgins and Jumbo Mountain during the latter part of August and early September. Salmon berries are plentiful along the Sauk River earlier n the season. MONTE CRISTO REGION The town of Granite Falls is the last outfitting place for the Monte Cristo •egion. Hotel accommodations and all kinds of supplies are available, including ;arage facilities, and the services of guides may be obtained. Hotel accommoda- rons can be had farther up the valley at Silverton and Monte Cristo. Granite ' alls, Silverton, and Monte Cristo are on the Hartford & Eastern Railroad. A good In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Thirty- Six automobile road extends from Everett to Granite Falls, a distance of 20 miles, over which there is a regular stage service. Machines can be driven to Robe, 8 miles farther east. Many points of interest off the railroad may be reached over a good system of trails, such as the 5-mile trail from Rotary to the summit of Pilchuck Mountain, where a fire lookout station is maintained. A sunset or a sunrise view from this point will leave a lasting impression on the mind of any nature lover. Another good trail leaves the railroad at Mackie, extends up Black Creek to Hoodoo Pass, 4 miles, and continues to Pilchuck Ranger Station, on the Pilchuck River, 8 miles from the railroad. From Silverton a foot trail leads south over Marble Pass, at an elevation of 4,000 feet, continuous down to the Forty-Five Mine (6 miles) and on to Sultan River, 13.1 miles in all. Some of the most beautiful scenery in the locality is along the Sunrise trail, which leaves the railroad about 6 miles east of Silverton and entends south for 1 1 miles over a high mountainous country to the head of Sultan River. This trail is not in condition for horses, but can be traversed afoot without great difficulty. Vesper Rock can be climbed easily from the trail. From Barlow Pass it is only 10 miles to Goat Take, over a very good trail suitable for horses. Darrington can be reached from Barlow Pass by the trail down Sauk River, a little less than 25 miles. A foot trail starts at Monte Cristo, leads over Poodle Dog Pass to Silver Take (1.6 miles), and thence down Silver Creek to Galena and Index. The latter point is 17.5 miles from Monte Cristo. Fishing is one of the chief attractions in this region, and splendid catches of rainbow trout are made throughout the open season in the South Fork of Stilagua- mish River. A number of lakes on the adjacent mountain slopes have recently been stocked with trout and in a few years will provide splendid sport. Hunting is good in the lower part of the valley, deer, bear, and grouse being fairly plentiful. The upper end of the valley has been included within the Goat Take Game Refuge, and all hunting and fishing is prohibited east of the mouth of Perry Creek. Attrac- tive camp sites are found on the Pilchuck Tookout trail, on the Deer Creek trail, near Kelcema Take, at Goat Take, and at Silver Take near Monte Cristo. The best scenic trips are on the Sunrise trail, the Silver Take trail, and in the vicinity of Goat Take. In addition to the wonderful mass of rugged mountains and glaciers, seen even from the railroad, the Stilaguamish gorge between Granite Falls and Thirty- Seven In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Robe is a place of exceptional beauty and interest. Granite Falls, a short distance below, is worth a side trip. During the latter part of August and early September huckleberries and blackberries abound on the slopes of Long Mountain, Dickerman Mountain, and in the vicinity of Silver Lake. The trip into the Monte Cristo district is especially de- sirable to those who have only a limited time to spend, as it can be made from Seattle or Everett in one day. This is made possible by the large open sight-seeing cars that are op- erated by the railroad. SKYKOMISH RIVER REGION In the lower Skykomish Valley roads extend from the town of Sultan in a northerly direction toward Sultan Basin for from 6 to 12 miles, beyond which the traveler must go afoot. However, horses can be taken over the Olney Creek route the entire distance of 15 miles. The Sultan Canyon route is more attractive from a scenic standpoint. Farther up the valley the Index region can be most easily reached from the town of Index, situated on A mountain snowshoe trip in the alpine country around Silver Creek- Snoqualmie National Forest the mam line of the Great Northern. It can be reached also from Everett over an excellent automobile road, all but 8 of the 25 miles being hard-surfaced. Stage lines operate regularly between Monroe and Index during summer At Index Thirty- Eight In the Open — The National Forests of Washington hotel accommodations, storage facilities for automobiles, and gasoline may be had, and a full line of supplies and fishing equipment. Guides can be obtained here, but no horses. Trails lead out in several directions to surrounding points of interest, the most important of which is the North Fork of the Skykomish River, famous for its big rainbow trout. On this trail Galena, an abandoned mining camp, is 9 miles from Index; and the falls of the North Fork, 13 miles. Lake Isabel, a beautiful sheet of water set among rugged peaks, lies 3 miles north of Reiter, from which point it is reached by a trail. Reiter is a railroad point 4 miles west of Index. High upon the slopes of Index Mountain lies Lake Serene, a small body of water reached by 4X miles of foot trail. Good fishing is found in the vicinity of Index, in the North Fork and main Skykomish Rivers. Hunting is good, and many bear and deer are killed each open season. Grouse are scarce. The majestic beauty of Mount Index is famous throughout the State, and the falls of the main Skykomish River nearby are an attraction to every visitor of the locality. A new road, giving access by automobile to the entire valley, has been con- structed from Index 36 miles up the Skykomish valley to Berlin, Skykomish, and Scenic Hot Springs. The best trip from Berlin or Skykomish is that up Miller River to Lake Dorothy, the 12 miles being covered by an excellent trail. Splendid fishing can be found all along Miller River. Lake Dorothy was artificially stocked some years ago, and now it affords some of the best sport in this part of the State. It is a mountain lake, surrounded with rugged peaks and snow fields, affording most attractive camping places. A trail extends 8 miles up Beckler River, where there are excellent fishing and many good camp sites. Hotel accommodations and supplies can be had at both Berlin and Skykomish, and in the latter place gasoline is available and the services of guides can often be obtained. At Scenic Hot Springs, in the upper end of the valley, there are good hotel accommodations. From here the main summit of the Cascade Range can be reached by foot without great difficulty, up Surprise Creek or Deception Creek. Numerous small lakes are situated at the heads of these streams. There are good camp sites along all the streams, and fishing is excellent in Tye River. Thirty- Nine In the Open — The National Forests of Washington SNOQUALMIE RIVER REGION North Bend, 37 miles from Seattle, is the logical starting point for all trips along the North and Middle Forks of the Snoqualmie River, and is reached by railroad and by an excellent automobile road. There is regular stage service from Seattle. Hotel accommodations may be obtained, and all kinds of supplies may be purchased. Several garages will care for cars, and horses and guides are avail- able. A machine can be taken on a fair road from 6 to 8 miles up the North Fork, whence a foot trail continues nearly to the headwaters of this stream. Lakes Hancock and Calligan, on the North Fork, are very popular among fishermen and campers. For trips up the Middle Fork, machines are usually driven as far as Hubbard ranch, a distance of 6 miles. A good horse trail continues up the Middle Fork Valley to the Halfway House, 15.2 miles from North Bend, and on to Goldmyer Hot Springs, a total distance of 28.3 miles. From the Halfway House another trail extends up Pratt River to Pratt Lake (9.2 miles) and Rockdale (15 miles). The trail to Snoqualmie Lake leaves the Middle Fork trail about 3 X miles above the Halfway House, passing Snoqualmie Lake at 12.3 miles and continuing on to Lake Dorothy and Skykomish, 29.5 miles from the Halfway House. There is splendid fishing in both the North Fork and Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie. Game is abundant, and many deer and bear are killed here every season. A number of elk from the Yellowstone Park were liberated here a few years ago, and may often be seen in the locality. They are protected bv State law, under penalty of heavy fines. Magnificent fir and cedar timber occurs alon<, almost the entire length of the Middle Fork valley, and is one of the few remaining samples of the splendid growth formerly found throughout the western part of the State. The mountain scenery is particularly attractive in the vicinity of Soldmyer Hot Springs and Dutch Miller Gap. ALONG THE SUNSET HIGHWAY From North Bend the Sunset Highway extends up the South Fork of the bnoqualmie to Snoqualmie Pass, 23 miles; to Lake Keechelus, 29 miles; and thence o Cle Elum and Ellensburg. All points along this route may also be reached as y over the mam line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway. Hotel In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Forty accommodations and gas may be had at Snoqualmie Pass and at various resorts on Lake Keechelus. Excellent camp grounds have been constructed by the Forest Service at Denny Creek, 20 miles east of North Bend, and are open to the public without charge. Running water has been piped through the grounds, and tables, stoves, parking space for automobiles, and other con- veniences provided. To reach Snow Lake from this point one travels 2 y 2 miles by road and 5 miles by trail; also a trail leads up Denny Creek for 2 miles to Snowshoe Falls, and another up the main river 1% miles to Franklin Falls. The trail to Pratt Lake and the Middle Fork leaves the Sunset Highway 2 miles west of the camp grounds, and climbs the mountain on an easy grade to Pratt Lake, a total distance of 8 miles. From this point it continues down Pratt River to the Halfway House, 17.2 miles ' from Denny Creek, and to North Bend, a total distance of 32.4 miles. A fire-lookout sta- tion on the summit of Granite ; Entrance to the Denny Creek Camp Grounds Mountain is 5 miles from Denny Creek Camp Grounds, over a branch leading « off the Pratt River trail. The South Fork of the Snoqualmie has recently • been stocked and is closed to fishing. However, Snow Lake was stocked several years ago, and limit catches are common there. Bear hunting is excellent on Granite Mountain and along Humpback Creek, and grouse are also plentiful. on? In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Deer are reasonably abundant. The scenery is particularly good around Snow Lake and on Commonwealth Creek, where there is a group of high, rocky peaks. From the standpoint of timber the drive between North Bend and Denny Creek Camp Grounds is one of the most beautiful in the State. Franklin Falls offers another attractive feature to the trip. During the fall huckleberries are abundant on Granite Mountain and around Snow Lake. PROHIBITED AREAS The valleys in the south end of the Forest are closed to hunters, campers, and fishermen for the reason that they are the source of municipal water supplies. Seattle is dependent on Cedar River and Tacoma on Green River. As previously explained, no hunting or fishing is permitted in the Goat Lake Game Refuge, in the Monte Cristo region. GENERAL INFORMATION More detailed information and maps of the Snoqualmie Forest may be obtained from the Forest Supervisor, whose headquarters is located in the Stuart Building, Seattle, or from the district rangers, whose post offices are Seattle, Snohomish, Darrington, and Skykomish. WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST T HE west slope of the Cascade Mountains from the international boundary southward about 60 miles forms the Washington National Forest. It is here that the Cascade Mountains reach their greatest development, spread- ing out to a width of nearly 100 miles in a stern and rugged region, characterized by narrow shoestring valleys, with little or no bottom land, and flanked by steep slopes, the whole set amidst a vast expanse of mountain peaks. The Skagit River, which crosses the line from British Columbia, forms with its tributaries the main drainage. For about 20 miles the stream flows south between low wooded banks, through a comparatively broad valley. Here and there it forms deep, dark pools which tempt the ambitious angler. Just below Big Beaver Creek the river gains momentum and is literally turned 011 edge aS 11 passes betwe en the frowning walls of Canyon Diablo, a narrow cleft scarcely 10 feet across, with sheer walls rising upward 150 feet. At low water the :anyon may be penetrated by boat. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Forty- Two Emerging from this defile, the river spreads out into a great rock-walled pool, rushing over the rocks and down into the broadening valley in a series of foaming rapids 7 miles in extent. The upper Skagit River country is reached by the county road up the valley from Sedro- Woolley, which is passable for automobiles to a point 10 miles above Marblemount. Pack horses may be obtained at Marble- mount, or one may pursue his journey on foot. At the mouth of Goodell, Ste- tattle, and Ruby Creeks are road houses where meals and lodgings may be ob- tained. Shelters have been erected for the accommodation of camping parties at intervals along the trail. It is known as the Goat Trail, by reason of its roughness, and among its scenic features are the Devil’s Elbow and the Giant Stepping Stones- The main upper Skagit River and its tributaries — including Ruby, Eightning, Big Beaver, and Eittle Beaver Creeks — are filled with rainbow, Dolly Varden, black-spotted, and steel-head trout, and offer unsurpassed fishing. Hunters with the camera may find black and brown bear and black-tailed and white-tailed deer fairly abundant; and goat, cougar, bobcat, coyote, and various fur-bearing animals are also common. However, all that portion of Whatcom County within the Washington Eorest, which includes the four tiers of townships south of the international boundary, has been set aside as a State game preserve, and only the hunting of predatory animals is permitted. The romance of early mining days still hovers over Ruby Creek. Here are the Butcher Cabin, Ghost Cabin, Goat Stamp Mill, Hidden Hand, Lone Tree Gulch, Nip and Tuck, and many other old prospects and abandoned workings, around which passing years have woven strange and wonderful tales. Those who prefer the high mountain-meadow country will find along the summit of the Cascades the land of their dreams. Here is an abundance of feed for horses, and one can ride or walk in the bracing air and sunshine, camping wherever night overtakes him. If he has sufficient skill and patience, he may be able to photo- graph a mountain goat at close range. Splendid fishing is offered by nearly all the streams on the Washington Eorest. Besides the upper Skagit and its tributaries, Illabot Creek and Lake, Finney Creek, and the Suiattle River and its tributaries deserve special mention. Baker Lake, which is reached by a 17-mile trail from Concrete, a railroad and outfitting point, is attractive to many people who enjoy camp life. There is a Forty- Three In the Open — The National Forests oj Washington Forest Service trails lead deep into the heart of the woods and mountains — Thunder Mountain and Pyr ami d Peak large fish hatchery located beside the lake. The photographer may find plenty here to try his skill — Mount Baker and its reflections in the clear waters, the shifting shadows of massive Mount Shuksan, and the picturesque Old Baldy standing pear by. Five miles above Baker Take, on the eastern slope of Mount Baker, are Baker dot Springs, where the water bubbles from the ground at a temperature of iio° F. \ small natatorium has been constructed here and an open camping shelter, which vill accomodate half a dozen tourists. A stone fireplace in front reflects heat into he shelter. Mount Baker, 10,827 f ee t high, lies far to the westward and entirely detached 10m the main Cascade Range. This beautiful mountain, surrounded by mam- moth glaciers which resemble the frozen tentacles of a mighty octopus, and by ar-flung ice fields, crashing waterfalls, towering pinnacles, and awe-inspiring istas, is situated within 30 miles of tidewater and the Pacific Highway. Adjacent to the mountain on the north, at an elevation of 7,000 feet, are kyline Meadows. These may be reached from Bellingham within a half day, In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Forty- Four the trip being by automobile, except the last 5 miles, which is over a first-class trail. These meadows comprise hundreds of acres of open land, which may be traveled with ease. The dominant feature of the landscape is the massive form of Mount Baker, which glistens and towers beyond an undulating vista dotted by alpine firs standing as sentinels amid the green mountain meadows. The town of Glacier, which lies just inside the Forest, is accessible by auto- mobile. From this point the survey of the Glacier- Austin Pass section of the Mount Baker Highway has been completed. This road follows the North Fork of the Nooksack River and ascends Bagley Creek into Austin Pass, which lies midway between Mount Baker and Mount Shuksan, and is the center of one of the most beautiful mountain-meadow regions in the northwestern part of Washington. From Shuksan, at the base of Austin Pass, this road will render many points of interest easily accessible by trail. Among these high spots in the heart of the mountains — splendid camping places and commanding a view of extensive stretches of country — are Twin Bakes, Hannegan Pass, and Welcome Pass. Mount Shuksan, which may be climbed from Austin Pass, is a peak of unusual picturesqueness. Table Mountain, on the other side, is a striking forma- tion, and beyond it lie the Chain Bakes, at the head of Wells Creek. A trail leads from Glacier to Heliotrope Ridge, a distance of 10 miles. Bike a valiant warrior, this slender ridge has thrust its verdant crest deep into the armor of ice which incrusts the slopes of Mount Baker. On both left and right Glaciers are winding Crushing and grinding Hurling their tribute From dome to the sea. 1 The tree-flecked slope is covered by a luxuriant growth of mountain heliotrope. A shelter camp which will accommodate from 6 to 10 people has been erected upon the summit of the ridge. Deming is the nearest outfitting point to Mazama Park, another beautiful * camping spot adjacent to Mount Baker on the south. The distance is 24 miles — \ 13 by automobile and 11 by trail. From Mazama Park the mountain can be ascended without great difficulty. There is splendid fishing in Elbow Bake and i the South Fork of the Nooksack, easily accessible from Mazama Park. Forty- Five In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Down Hannegan Pass BAKER RIVER AND LAKE Baker River empties into Skagit River near the town of Concrete. Baker Lake is 18 miles from Concrete, and is reached by trail on the east side of the river. For trips to the lake or other points in this region, saddle and pack animals :an be secured in Concrete, also packers and guides. The trail passes splendid :amping grounds, where water and fuel are abundant. Baker Lake itself is about y 2 miles long by i mile wide, with ideal camping places along the lakeside. Mount Baker, with its eternally snow-covered dome, and Mount Shuksan may be seen In the wonderful lake reflections, thought by many to be equal to any in the world. Baker Lake is the only known spawning ground of the sockeye salmon in the Jnited States. A Federal fish hatchery is located here. CASCADE RIVER-CASCADE PASS Cascade River, entering the Skagit near Marblemount, is a beautiful glacier- sd stream. It traverses fine river bottoms where there are splendid camping laces, and runs through canyons with excellent waterfalls and rapids. Fishing In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Forty- Six is good for Dolly Varden, rainbow, and steelhead trout in season. Salmon are taken nearly every month of the year near the foot of the first falls, 8 miles from Marblemount. Marblemount, io miles by automobile from Rockport, the railroad terminus, is the logical outfitting point for a trip to the Cascade River watershed. At Marblemount are two hotels, a store, and a post office. Guides and packers will furnish saddle or pack animals for large or small parties. Cascade Pass, at the head of the river, 25 miles from Marblemount, is a beautiful flower-covered park, where fascinating camping spots are numerous. Although it is not considered a particularly good hunting country, game is present at all times. Mountain goat are found on the highest elevations of the surrounding mountains. Through Cascade Pass the trip may be continued to Take Chelan. Mineral Park, an abandoned mining camp 18 miles from Marblemount, has still an interest for the tourist, although 25 years have elapsed since the silence of the hills was broken by the sound of the miners’ pick and shovel. Here are sluice boxes, gold pans, and decaying and crumbling prospectors’ cabins, mute witnesses of their owners’ blasted hopes of great wealth. The trail which runs on the north side of the river and up the north fork is well posted with signboards, as are also all cross and branch trails, so the traveler may not get lost. A telephone line follows the trail as far as Mineral Park, and may be used by tourists in case of need. SUIATTLE RIVER Sauk is the railroad point from which to start this trip. A wagon road leads to Sauk Crossing, where one must ford his saddle or pack animals to the east bank of the Sauk River in order to take the trail leading up the Suiattle River proper. The horses and ponies must swim and the travelers cross in an Indian canoe. This ford is dangerous at all times to those unacquainted with it, and should not be attempted unless there is an experienced white man or Indian present. Once across the river, there is an excellent trail leading to the Suiattle Pass, 48 miles from Sauk, where one may leave the Washington and enter the Chelan National ; Forest. The Suiattle River is a poor trout stream except to the bait fisherman.. However, its tributaries are teeming with game fish, where the man who must ; make his catch with a fly or not at all may have glorious sport. Good fishing Skagit River bridge — Washington National Forest Forty - Seoen In the Open — The National Forests of Washington In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Forty- Eight streams are Big Creek, 15 miles from Sauk; Tenas Creek, 18 miles; Buck Creek, 25 miles; Downey Creek, 33 miles; Sulphur Creek, 35 miles; and Canyon Creek, 41 miles. Milk Creek, which flows into the Suiattle from the south, off the slopes of Glacier Peak, is a “white water” stream and worthless for fishing. The Suiattle River Indian tribe, whose ancestors have hunted and fished on the watershed for untold generations, add to the interest of this trip. They are pure-blooded Indians, uncontaminated to any extent by association with white men, and furnish a splendid opportunity for a study of the barbarian in his native haunts. The Suiattle River Indian will not disturb your camp or steal anything, no matter how long you may be absent. However, the camper must watch the Indian dogs and place everything edible out of reach. Otherwise something good to eat may be stolen right before his eyes. One may obtain a fish basket of any size or design, woven by one of the squaws. These Indian fish baskets can not be excelled in appearance or durability by any found in sporting-goods stores. For the nature lover the headwaters of Suiattle River offer some very beau- tiful scenes. Glacier Peak, with its shining crown of ice, is justly noted for its beauty. The meadows and parks of Huckleberry Mountain are easily reached by horse trail and offer some of the finest camping places in the State. Ten days to three weeks are not too long to spend on this trip. Three days are required to go to the headwaters of the Suiattle from Sauk, and tourists should make several side 1 trips of a day each before returning. Fuel and water are abundant and handy, : and grass and pasturage for ponies are plentiful. A telephone line extends as far as the Suiattle Ranger Station, just above Buck Creek. ILLABOT CREEK AND LAKE Rockport is the logical starting point. One can go as far as the mouth of the creek by saddle horse or automobile. Packers, guides, and horses are available at Rockport. Fresh vegetables, milk, butter, and eggs may be obtained from farm-, houses near the mouth of the creek. If a short camping or fishing trip is desired, Illabot Creek is one of the best situated and most accessible places on the Washington National Forest. There are fine camping spots near the mouth of the creek, which enters the Skagit from w '"' Open The National Forests of Washington the south, about 6 miles from Rockport. It also lends itself to long outings, since a trail leads 10 miles up the creek to Illabot Lake, where fishing is excellent. The camp grounds at the lake are specially attractive in their setting of lofty snow-clad mountains and beautiful glaciers. All kinds of salmon and salt-water trout enter Illabot Creek to spawn, and a branch of the United States fish hatchery system of spawning sheds has been built at the mouth of the creek, where steelhead trout and salmon are caught to supply other hatcheries with eggs. It is an inter- esting sight to see the fish trapped and taken care of until they are ripe for spawning. In the upper Skagit region Cedar Bar, Deer Park, and Ruby Creek offer excel- ent camping places from which attractive side trips may be taken. Good horse :rails will be found nearly everywhere one wishes to go, and telephone lines are available m many parts of the Forest. The Forest Supervisor’s headquarters is in the Federal Building, Bellingham gangers are stationed at Darrington, Marblemount, Concrete, and Glacier In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Fifty WENAHA NATIONAL FOREST T HE Wenaha National Forest occupies the most northerly spur of the Blue Mountains, which forms the divide between Grande Ronde River on the east and Walla Walla, Touchet, and Umatilla Rivers on the west. The main divide runs in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, and can be traveled on horseback for its entire length, approximately 130 miles. Camping places, where good water and horse feed can be found, are numerous. The elevations vary from 4,500 feet to 6,500 feet. The higher peaks are not abrupt, but mound-shaped and with more or less of a plateau on top. The highest of these is Oregon Buttes, 6,500 feet, with Mount Misery, 50 feet lower, a close second, and Mount Emily, 6,130 feet, third. The larger portion of the Forest is but lightly timbered. The south and east slopes are invariably open and covered with good stands of bunchgrass. The country is rather rugged, the ridges steep, and the canyons deep and narrow. The gently-rolling cultivated hills surrounding the Forest form one of the best grain-growing sections of the Northwest. These grain fields, with their check- erboard effect, are a pleasing sight when viewed from the higher elevations of the main divide. The Forest is traversed by 140 miles of road passable by automobiles and 568 miles of primary and secondary trails, which make every part of the Forest acces- sible for horseback trips. Mule deer, black bear, brown bear, cats, coyotes, blue grouse, and pheasants are plentiful. Fishing is good in the numerous streams. Hunting and fishing are prohibited in approximately two townships of the northern portion of the Forest, which have been set aside as a county game preserve. Mule deer, elk, blue grouse/ and pheasants are plentiful in this preserve. The deer and grouse scatter over the surrounding country, consequently good hunting can be had there during the open season. A herd of approximately 240 elk ranges in this vicinity. Protected by the law at all times, they are very tame. It is not uncommon to meet from ioj to 50 of them, and camera hunters are often able to secure pictures of bands of these splendid animals. The Forest is accessible from the following railroad points on the Oregon- Washington Railway & Navigation Co.’s line: Asotin, Clarkston, Dayton, Pome- Fifty- One In the Open— The National Forests of Washington The camera hunter takes a shot roy, and Walla Walla, Wash.; and Pendleton, La Grande, Elgin, and Wallowa, Dreg. These places are also outfitting points, where supplies and pack outfits may be obtained. Tollgate is a popular summer camping place. It is located on the divide and reached by the Woodward toll road. This road is the only one that crosses the 'orest, and is the principal highway between Walla Walla and towns located in he Grande Ronde Valley. It is a fair automobile road and can be used during [he summer months. Godman Springs is another camping place accessible by automobiles. It ids fair to become one of the most popular camp grounds on the Forest. It can e reached from Dayton, Wash., in an hour. It is expected that by 1921 a [°re direct route from Walla Walla will be completed, making Godman Springs ecessible from the southwest. An automobile road along the summit of the lue Mountains is now under construction. This will extend from Godman Springs mth to Tollgate, on the old Woodward toll road, a distance of over 40 miles. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Fifty- Two Bingham Hot Springs, 32 miles east of Pendleton, Oreg., on the Umatilla River, is easily reached by automobile from Walla Walla or Pendleton. The resort has hotel, dance hall, swimming tank, summer cottages, and camping grounds. Good fishing can be had near by on the Umatilla River and its tributa- ries. Bingham Hot Springs is 7 miles west of Gibbon, on the main line of the Oregon-Washington Railway & Navigation Co. An automobile stage meets the trains during the summer season. The Wenaha River and its tributaries offer some of the best hunting and fishing on the Forest. Rainbow and Dolly Varden trout are plentiful at certain seasons. The best fishing is found at the most inaccessible places. Fishing and hunting parties can pack out of Troy, a small village with a hotel and store at the mouth of the Wenaha River. There is a good trail up the river and fair trails lead up its tributaries. Troy may be reached from Asotin, Wash., by a 50-mile drive, or from Wallowa, Oreg., by an automobile stage that leaves Wallowa Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for Troy, returning the following day. The distance between Wallowa and Troy is 37 miles. Asotin Creek, accessible by automobile from Asotin and Clarkston, is the favorite fishing stream. A road passable for motor cars extends about 12 miles up Asotin Creek to a pack trail about 8 miles beyond the road. Tucannon River may be reached from Pomeroy or Starbuck by automobile and offers excellent fishing. There are numerous camp grounds along its banks. The upper Touchet River can best be reached by automobile from Dayton, through which it flows. Passable roads extend some distance up its tributaries. Mill Creek and Walla Walla River are the streams nearest Walla Walla. Roads along these streams extend nearly to the Forest boundary. The best fishing, however, is beyond the end of the roads and is reached only by horse or afoot. Meacham Creek, along the main line of the Oregon-Washington Railway & Navigation Co., between Pendleton and La Grande, offers excellent fishing early in the summer. All the streams are stocked annually with fry furnished by State; hatcheries. The Forest Supervisor’s headquarters is in the Federal Building, Pendleton, Oreg. Rangers’ headquarters are at Dayton, Pomeroy, and Walla Walla, Wash., and Ua Grande, Oreg. Thuc In the Open — The National Forests of Washington WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST T HE Wenatchee National Forest includes the mountainous portion of the water- sheds of the Wenatchee, Entiat, Teanaway, Cle Blum, Kachess, and Upper Yakima Rivers, and Naneum and Swauk Creeks. It is roughly 70 miles long and 50 miles wide, extending from the summit of the Cascade Mountains to the breaks of the Columbia River, and from Glacier Peak to the Yakima River. Water derived from the streams of this Forest irrigates about half a million acres of land in the Wenatchee, Kittitas, and Yakima Valleys. The whole Wenatchee Forest is a great playground for the use of the people, with excellent hunting, fishing, and camping, and quiet resting places. Its lakes and streams, its quiet glens and sheltered nooks, its glaciers and meadows, its deep canyons and rugged peaks, offer the widest variety from which to choose a summer outing. Within its boundaries are four large lakes— Wenatchee, Keechelus, Kachess, and Cle Slum and hundreds of smaller ones, offering many opportunities for summer home sites and other recreation uses. Mount Stuart, 9,470 feet in elevation, is the highest point within the boundaries of the Forest. Glacier Peak, 10,436 feet high, just outside its northern end, is most easily reached through this forest from Leavenworth. Three transcontinental railroads— the Great Northern, Chicago, Milwaukee & 3 t. Paul, and Northern Pacific— cross the forest. The Sunset Highway and Blewett Pass road furnish a beautiful automobile trip through it. Many other roads passable oy automobile penetrate far into the heart of the forest, up the glacial valleys of :he various streams, and to attractive camping places and summer-home sites. The Government is spending thousands of dollars in this locality each year to orotect the timber and other resources of this forest. It is public property which he Forest Service holds in trust. All are free to use the camping places, and are velcome to wood needed for camp fires, grass for horses, and to fish in the streams md hunt in the mountains in accordance with the game laws of the State. The orest Service trails are open for your use. Its telephone lines may be used in case >f sickness, accident, or other emergency. You can help the Forest Service by ising them to report fires or other danger to the nearest ranger or to the supervisor, idiose office is at Wenatchee, Wash. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington The new road over Blewett Pass, which is nearing completion, has a maximum grade of 5 per cent and furnishes one of the most attractive and beautiful drives in the Northwest. This is a Forest road, built in cooperation by the Forest Service, the State of Washington, and Chelan and Kittitas Counties. An automobile tourist can easily make the trip from Seattle to Wenatchee by way of Snoqualmie and Blewett Passes in 12 hours. A fairly well-developed system of trails gives access to all parts of the Forest, so that foot or pack-horse trips may be taken in any direction. Icicle Creek, which enters the Wenatchee River at Feavenworth, is a splended trout stream, with a Forest Service trail extending from its mouth to its head. The Chiwawa River, another fine trout stream, is accessible by automobile from Feavenworth over a road which extends to its headwaters. Tourists who enjoy wide vistas from the high points should visit some of the fire lookout stations which are accessible by trail. Tumwater Mountain, 4^ miles north of Feavenworth, is reached most easily. Other lookout points on the Wenatchee are Dirtyface Peak, at Fake Wenatchee; Sugar Foaf Peak, at the summit of the Entiat Range; Tiptop, near the old mining town of Blewett; Redtop, on the Teanaway Ridge; Jolly Mountain, on the divide between the Middle Fork Teanaway and Cle Elurn Valleys; and Mount Margaret, on the high ridge between Fakes Keechelus and Kachess. Fake Keechelus is skirted from end to end by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway on its west side and the Sunset Highway on its east side. Here are good fishing and hunting in season, beautiful camping places, and sites for summer homes. At Keechelus Inn and Sunset Tavern, each operating under a special-use permit, good meals and beds may be obtained by tourists; also repairs > and supplies for automobiles. Huckleberries may be secured by climbing to the upper ridges. Fake Kachess has a hotel at its upper end, reached by a short road built in from the Sunset Highway. A good automobile road extends from Cle Elum, through Roslyn, to Fake' Cle Elum and on up the Cle Elum Valley to Salmon Fasac. From here Copper' and Waptus Fakes may be reached on foot or horseback. These afford very fine < sport, and the scenery about them is alone worth the trip. Fish and Hyas Fakes, 1 Fifty- Five In the Open— The National Forests of Washington Forest and stream at the head of the main fork of the Cle Elum River, are now closed to fishing under the State laws. Another good automobile road extends from Leavenworth to Lake Wenatchee ;3 o nules. Here there is a choice of two hotels or camping. A number of Cash- mere and Wenatchee people have erected cottages at Lake Wenatchee, and a summer colony is developing. Horse feed can be secured from farmers; and milk, and freSh ve 2 etables can usually be obtained during the recreation season V fine soda spring, 8 miles up the Little Wenatchee River, above the head of the ake, is accessible by a trail which continues on to the head of the river, at Cady 'ass. The fishing along this stream is good, and berries are plentiful. The Forest Service has laid out lots at Lake Kecheelus, Lake Kachess, and .le Elum Lake for summer-home sites. These lots are accessible by automobile uad and railroad, and are near attractive recreation features, such as boatin* shing, swimming, camping, and mountain climbing. The fresh mountain air’ In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Fijiy- Six A mantle of timber pure water, and healthful surroundings are all conducive to renewed health and vigor. Care with fire and proper sanitation are the only restrictions. Smaller tracts have been platted elsewhere, and as a rule isolated areas may be rented if desired. The Rocky Run public camp ground, on the Sunset Highway at Take Keeche- lus, is a popular stopping place for touring parties. Along the road horse feed can usually be found wherever night overtakes the traveler, except on the Tittle, Wenatchee, White, and Cle Klum Rivers, where it is necessary to go well toward the head of the streams before grass is found in abundance. The Silver Creek camp ground, at the end of the road up the Entiat Valley, has become very popular with local people because of its beauty and convenience, the attractiveness of the trip, and the good fishing in its vicinity. About 3,000 people registered there during 1919. Headquarters of the Forest Supervisor is Post Office Building, Wenatchee, Washington. Rangers are stationed at Teavenworth, Easton, Tiberty, Telma, and Chiwaukum. TREE ZONES OF WASHINGTON Sea Level In the Open — The National Forests of Washington b L OUTFIT AND CLOTHING SUGGESTIONS Suit: Preferably of some strong material, such as khaki, whipcord, or overall. Mackinaw or sweater. Medium-weight underwear. Socks: Two pairs medium weight or one pair heavy. Shirt: Flannel or khaki, light or medium weight. Shoes: Stout, easy, with heavy soles. Boots. Beggings: Canvas or leather if shoes are worn instead of boots. Buckskin gloves. Beds: Air beds are comfortable where they can be carried, since they can be placed even bare rocks. Bedding: The most serviceable is a quilt of eiderdown or wool with an extra covering of deni The quilt can be sewed or pinned with blanket pins along the bottom to form a sleeping bag. blankets are chosen it should be borne in mind that two light ones are warmer than a single hea one. A 7 by 7 foot, io-ounce canvas, when folded, will make a ground cloth and an extra cov and is also useful as a pack cover. The Army “ shelter half ’ ’ is preferred by some. FOOD SUPPLIES The following list prepared in the Forest Service may be used as a guide purchasing food supplies. The weights listed are for one man for one day. T1 amounts for a party for any length of time can easily be computed. All weights are net (i. e., weight of contents exclusive of containers) : Combination Ration List — One Man One Day Balanced ration, one man one day. Quantity. Weight in pounds. Beef, fresh i. 25 Equivalent substitutes. Quantity. Weight pounds Mutton or pork, fresh, or venison. Bacon I - 2 S .6 Ham . 8 Canned meat I. o Canned fish I. o ( Dried fish i . o : Eggs % doz . . y < I. co'. ^oo Fowls or game birds, dressed. . . 1. 5 °; 2. O Fresh fish, cleaned Cheese .6 Peanuts (with shells) • 7 Fifty- Nine In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Combination Ration List— One Man One Day— C ontinued Balanced ration, one man one day. Quantity Weight in pounds. Equivalent substitutes. 1 I Quantity. Weight in pounds. O. 06 [Meat, fresh O. 12 [Sweet chocolate. . . Dried peas, lentils, etc • uo 2 Beans . 2 Rice or hominy Baked beans, canned. . . . 2 [Bread, baker’s • 5 T Pancake flour -L. V Q Elmir .8 Hard -tack or pilot bread . O - 7 Crackers • 75 c Com meal Macaroni, spaghetti, etc . o taking powder. 00 o [Dry yeast (for yeast bread) 34 cake. • 7 . 012 [Soda (for sour dough) 2 oz )at meal f Cream of wheat, com meal, etc . 012 • 17 • 17 • I 5 [Grape nuts, com flakes, etc. . . . Dried potatoes (evaporated) . . . ’otatoes, fresh .8 Dried befnm r\p^c pt /-* • I 5 ucaiiOj lCHUlOj UCao, clL Rice or hominy . 2 resh vegetables (as- sorted) (onions, turnips, beets, cab- bage, etc.). Canned peas or com 34 can . . 34 can . . •31 •47 Canned tomatoes . . . •45 ' Dried or desiccated vegetables Potatoes (added to staple al- lowance). Dried apples • 2 5 A Cl • 4 U • 15 • 15 . 2 Raisins or currants •unes (dried) • 2S Dried peaches, figs, or apricots . Canned fruit 34 can . . • 6 5 Jam Fresh fruit . 2 Q iffee (ground, or sol- ] 'able coffee). Tea 34 oz ... . . O • °3 _ 0 • *3 Chocolate or cocoa. . Lemons 34 doz . . . Oo •65 ’ In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Si Combination Ration List — One Man One Day — C ontinued Balanced ration, one man one day. Quantity. Weight in pounds. Equivalent substitutes. Quantity. Weight i pounds. Sugar (if no dried fruit is used, allowance may be reduced to o. 2 pound). Sirup 1 . Milk (evaporated). Butter Lard. Salt Pepper, black. Pickles 1 Spices (cinnamon) Flavoring extract (va- nilla). 1 Cornstarch 1 Bouillon cubes Total weight, 5. 2 2 3. 2 "O' pt- • • Can, 34 pt. ^° Z . IT OZ- iV pt. 2V oz - • 0.03 oz o -35 08 33 !3 04 004 05 003 Molasses Honey Sugar (white or brown) Fresh milk Condensed milk Peanut butter Oleomargarine Lard substitutes Bacon grease (can be saved if bacon is substituted for fresh meat). T2 pt. % pt. Red pepper . Vinegar Ginger Nutmeg Cloves Mustard Lemon 1 5“0 OZ. . . 1 ■25 pt... 1 2T oz. . . 1 ZS oz. . . 1 25 oz. . . Y5 oz. . . 0.03 OZ Tapioca Maggi soups. . . Canned soups. 34 pkg. 24 can. o. 07 .08 • 0=; .66 . 2 • J 3 • . 10 . 10 . 00 ] .04 . 00 ; . OO; • 00 l . OOI . 002 . 02 • °5 • 2 5 1 Suggestive rather than essential: their use may be governed largely by individual taste, size of party, and duratic of trip. 2 A much lighter ration can be made up by substituting the more concentrated foods within each class. As a rui rations made up entirely of the most concentrated foods should be avoided. Suggested accessories are soap, dish towels, hand towels, matches, candles, paper bags for lunches, and cloth ba for sugar, rice, beans, etc. Sixty- One In the Open — The National Forests of Washington The following table has been prepared by the Forest Service and will serve as a handy reference and guide for campers. The needs of two, four, six, or eight Dersons are separately provided for. Column A indicates a complete equipment, all that would be considered neces- sary and convenient for a stay of a month or more; or in case transportation is lot restricted as to weight. Column B indicates an average equipment which will serve the purpose very landily for a week or io days, and will do for a longer stay. It is suitable for a pack- lorse trip. Column C indicates a minimum equipment, one that is really insufficient to neet the ordinary needs of a camping party, but which will suffice for a short stay nd very simple cooking. It is such an outfit as a party of practical woodsmen light take and get along with in case the packing facilities were very limited as 3 weight, such as a man-pack trip. Cooking and Muss Equipment for Various-Sized Camps Under Varying Conditions Item. For 2 men. For 4 : Col. Col. A. B. Col. C. Cooking Equipment. x>king pails : 1 2 - quart 3 - quart 4- quart 5- quart 6- quart 7 - quart 8- quart 9- quart 10- quart 1 2 -quart 14-quart ying pan 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. 2 (9-inch diameter). 1 It is desirable to have pails of nesting sizes. At least one medium-sized pail of enamel or aluminum substituted for p are more convenient for packing. Col. A. Col. B. Col. C. For 6 men. Col. A. Col. Col. B. C. For 8: Col. A. Col. B. Col. C. ided for cooking fruits. Stew kettles with bails may be substituted for pails, but usually do not n^STOnvenienX" 2 Frying pans with detachable handles p • -• enuy * In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Six T Cooking and Mess Equipment for Various-Sized Camps Under Varying Conditions— Coi Item. For 2 men. For 4 men. For 6 men. For 8 men. Col. A. Col. | B. Col. C. Col. A. Col. B. Col. c. Col. A. Col. B. Col. C. Col. A. Col. B. Co c Cooking Equipment — C ontinued. Frying pan 1 No. 5 (11-inch diameter). . . . 2 2 2 Frying pan 1 No. 6 (12-inch diameter). . . . 2 2 ■2 I Frying pan 1 No. 7 (ig-inch diameter). . . . 2 2 Extra fry pan, reflector, Dutch oven, or stove 2 I x I I I I Coffee pot, 3 2^ quarts I I Coffee pot, 3 3 quarts I I Coffee pot, 3 5 quarts I I Coffee pot, 3 6 quarts 1 I Butcher knives 4 I I I I 1 2 2 1 2 2 Paring knives 4 I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I Stirring spoons I I 2 2 1 2 I 1 2 2 Meat fork I I I 1 I Can opener 4 I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I Dish pan (use milk pans for small parties) . I I I I I 1 I Wash basin 5 I I I I 2 I 2 I Mixing pan I I X I I i I Bread board 6 I I I 1 j Rolling pin 7 I I 1 Egg beater I 1 Pancake turner I I 1 Mess Equipment. Plates 6 4 2 8 7 6 12 IO 8 12 12 i 1 Cups 4 3 2 6 5 5 8 8 7 IO 10 1 Saucers 3 5 8 IO 2 I i 1 Frying pan, with detachable handles are more convenient for packing. 2 The choice of an extra fry pan, reflector, Dutch oven, or stove for baking can best be made by the camper. If refle tor or stove is to be used, bread pans of proper dimensions must be added to the list. 3 Pails of similar size are frequently a desirable substitute, as they will usually nest better with the rest of the outfi, 4 A jackknife may cover all needs. 5 A pudding pan is a possible substitute and nests better. 6 Canvas tacked onto box siding or shakes makes a fair substitute and may save from 6 to 8 pounds in weight. 7 A pint or quart bottle makes an excellent substitute. Sixty- Three In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Cooking and Mess Equipment for Various-Sized Camps Under Varying Conditions Con. For 2 men. For 4 men. For 6 men. For 8 men. Item. I Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. Col. A. B. C. A. B. C. A. B. c. A. B. C. Mess Equipment — Continued. Bowls P* Q 0 Knives O 4 3 2 5 7 6 5 O 9 8 7 IO 12 0 IO 9 Forks 3 3 2 5 5 4 8 7 6 IO IO 9 Spoons, tea c Spoons, dessert O 2 2 2 5 6 6 5 7 8 8 7 IO IO 8 IO IO Spoons, table 2 2 3 2 1 3 3 1 4 2 1 Pans (serving dishes), 2 quarts *. 2 2 I 1 1 I 2 x x Pans (serving dishes), 3 quarts I 2 Pans (serving dishes), 4 quarts I 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 Pitchers, milk I I 4 3 2 Pitchers, sirup x I I Salt and pepper shakers 1 j I Approximate weight, 1 pounds 20 !3§ 7 1 35 21 *3 I 43 I 34 19 h 2 62 2 46 30 * Weights figured on basis of using ‘ ‘ extra fry pan ’ ’ instead of reflector or stove and using moderately heavy tin for all containers except one medium-sized pail and from one to three pans in enamel ware. Total weight would be increased about one-fourth by using all enamel ware; by using aluminum, it may be reduced about one-third Accessories which may be added are: Wire, or light chains with hooks for hanging pots; oilcloth for table; * canvas water bucket (weight K to i pound). MisceHaneous camp equipment to be selected according to needs: Shovel, ax or hatchet, assorted nails, lantern can- teens, 6-inch files, whetstone, rope, twine. CAMP COOKERY COOKING FIRE FOR A SMALL CAMP 1 There are many ways of building the cooking fire. The essential in each case, lowever, is a good permanent draft; but do not build the fire against a log or a tree rr in a place where it may spread. The draft may be secured best by the method rsually employed in sheep camps. The site is chosen and an excavation is made, he soil being removed to a depth of 12 inches, or approximately the depth of the .hovel The hole thus made should be at least 3 or 4 feet in width. The side J™tar^ i0 Co.fe« ' SU ' eeSti ° nS ° n C0 ° kin < ! and of the redpes is tak “ Bulletin ,6, "Camp Cookery.-Vu,^^ In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Sixty- Fowl exposed to the prevailing wind is then shoveled away, allowing the free entrance! of air. This opening is the front of the cooking fire. The air going in passes along! the side walls to the rear and thence upward, thus perfecting the draft. Select two green poles of sufficient length to extend over the ends of the hole (4 to 6 inches in diameter), one to serve as a back log, the other as a front log. Lay the poles over the hole, spacing them the proper distance to support a camp kettle, frying pan, or coffee pot. Kindle the fire beneath and proceed with the cooking. The poles can be replaced from day to day as they burn away. When cooking frying-pan bread by reflected heat, usually a dry front pole is preferred to a green one, because the drier pole, being somewhat charred, com- bines with the hot coals beneath to produce a greater amount of reflected heat. Be sure to clear away all dead twigs, leaves, or other combustible material for a distance of 6 feet to the fresh mineral soil. CRANE FOR CAMP KETTLE In constructing a crane for camp kettles the height of the pole should be approximately shoulder high. The kettles should be suspended by pothooks made from small, tough saplings, trimmed to leave a projecting fork to suspend the kettle from the crane, and having at the other end a notch cut or small nail driven in at an angle to hold the kettle bail. No. 9 wire is also good for the purpose. The hook may then be grasped at a sufficient height above the fire to prevent burn- ing the hands. By having pothooks of different lengths the desired intensity of heat can be secured by regulating the distance of the pot from the fire. DUTCH OVENS In using Dutch ovens, care should be taken that the oven and lid are quite hot enough before the dough is placed in them for baking. During the preparations for baking, the oven and lid should be heated over the fire. When a good mass of coals has been obtained, the dough should be placed in the heated oven (th£ bottom having been greased) and the lid put on. The oven should then be em- bedded in the coals and the lid covered with coals and hot ashes. Instead of a Dutch oven two pans may be used, one large enough to fit snugl> over the other as a cover. Plenty of ashes and earth should be piled on top or the bread will burn. Sixty- Five In the Open — The National Forests of Washington RECIPES CoFFHE. Bring water to boiling point; add coffee, one level teaspoonful for each cup of water used, keep in a warm place for five minutes but do not allow to boil. Settle and serve. The coffee may be put in a small muslin bag tied loosely and the bag of grounds removed before serving. Soluble Coffee. — Put one-half teaspoon (more or less, according to strength desired) in a cup and add boiling water. Army Bread. — i quart flour, i teaspoon salt. i tablespoon sugar. 4 teaspoons baking powder. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and stir in enough cold water (about one and Dne-third pints) to make a thick batter. Mix rapidly with a spoon until smooth md pour out at once into a Dutch oven or baking pan. Bake about 45 minutes. >r until no dough adheres to a sliver stuck into the loaf. Frying-Pan Bread. — 1 CU P flour - 1 tablespoon sugar. 1 teaspoon salt. 3 teaspoons baking powder. Mix and add enough water to make a thick dough. Pour into well-greased, lot pan and set flat near the fire. In a few minutes it will rise and stiffen. Prop he pan nearly perpendicular before the blaze; when brown one one side, turn over, t clean silver fork stuck thrpugh the center of the loaf will come out clean if the read is sufficiently baked. Frying.— Rake a thin layer of coals out in front of the fire; or for a quick meal lake the fire of small, dry sticks and fry over the quickly formed coals. If a deep pan and plenty of frying fat are available, it is best to immerse the late rial completely in boiling grease as doughnuts are fried. Ret the fat heat until ttle jets of smoke arise (being careful not to burn the grease), then quickly drop in nail pieces of the material, one at a time so as not to check the heat, turn them icasionally while cooking. Remove when done and place on a coarse paper that ill absorb surplus fat. The above method is an excellent way to cook small fish. When only shallow pans and little grease are available, to fry (or, properly, to ■ute) in this manner without getting the article grease-cooked, heat the dry pan :ry hot and then add just enough grease to keep the meat from sticking (fat meat In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Sh needs none). The material should be dry when put into the pan or it will abson grease. Cook quickly and turn frequently. Season when done and serve hot. Stewing. — Stewing is a very desirable way of cooking coarse and tough piec of meat. Put the meat cut into small cubes into a hot frying pan. Tet it brow: add a small quantity of sugar, if desired, and sliced onions. Cook until the onioi are tender, then pour the contents of the frying pan into the stew pan, and ac enough boiling water to cover the meat and let it simmer gently for two or thr< hours. Flavor with salt, pepper, herbs, or curry powder. This dish may be thicl ened with browned flour, and vegetables may be added — turnips, carrots, et( cut into small pieces and browned with the meat. Boiled Rice. — Wash tne rice well and sprinkle into a kettle of salted wate boiling hard all the time. After 15 or 20 minutes, or until a grain feels soft whe pressed between the thumb and finger, pour off the water and place the kettle ne; the fire so that the grains may dry and swell. If cooked longer the rice is like! to become pasty. Canned Goods. — Before using canned goods see that the ends of the cans a; sunk in. If the ends are swelled or bulgy it usually means fermented contents ar spoiled goods. After a can has been opened pour contents immediately into ename ware dish. Never leave food in the original cans. Dried or Evaporated Fruit. — Wash and pick over the fruit, soak over nigl in the water (cold) it is to be cooked in, using only enough water to cover the frui Simmer from 2 to 3 hours ; sweeten before removing from fire. Do not use an ire vessel, or permit the fruit to boil hard. Keep closely covered. SIMPLE DESSERTS i Simple desserts, such as boiled rice served with stewed fruit, or rice cooked 1 evaporated milk, diluted, and mixed half and half with well-sweetened apple saui made from evaporated apples, add considerable variety without calling for add tional supplies or much extra work. A shortcake could be made with stew^ fruit or hot apple sauce, using for the cake the recipe for frying-pan bread. For change nut bread could be made by adding some broken-up nut meats to the brea dough, or cinnamon buns could be made by adding raisins cut small and spreadir. sugar and cinnamon over the top before baking. Sixty- Seoen In the Open — The National Forests of Washington DISPOSAL OF REFUSE Burn all cooking refuse in the camp fire; it will not affect the cooking. Burn everything — coffee grounds, parings, bones, meat, even old tin cans — for if thrown out anywhere, even buried, they will attract flies. Refuse once burned will not attract flies. If burning is impracticable, dig a hole for the refuse, leaving the earth piled up on the edge, and cover every addition with a layer of dirt. PACKING The pack saddle is firmly cinched ; the portions of the outfit are carefully sus- pended upon it; and the whole is secured by a rope with a single hitch, which is so tied as to bind the load to the animal. The usual pack saddle is of the sawbuck type, as shown in the illustrations on page 69. Care should be taken in sad- dling the animal. Too many blankets are as bad as not enough, for either cause a sore back. The blanket should be rinsed out in cold water and hung up to dry without wringing. If dried in this manner and carefully folded, it can be kept from wrinkling without much difficulty. The horse’s withers should be examined after the saddle is cinched ; and if the forks of the saddle are not free, more blankets should De used on the side of the horse under the bottom of the saddle. A single-cinch sad- dle with breeching and breast straps is preferred, although double-cinch saddles ire used. The saddle should be kept tightly in place and evenly balanced. In figure 10 are shown two canvas pads with leather corners, filled with grass, md cross ribs to support the canvas. Figure 9 shows the underside of this pad and he leather-bound holes in the center for placing over the horns of the saddle, dgure 8 shows the outside of this pad with hardwood rib on each side. If a little are is taken in placing fresh hay in these pads from time to time, sore ribs on pack nimals may be prevented. The pads make an excellent protection for the horse n packing supplies in boxes, etc. Bear or elk grass is preferred for filling. The rope shown in figure 10 is known as the sling rope and is only to be used vhere alforjas are not available. Figure 1 1 shows the sawbuck pack-saddle rigged vith these sling ropes without the canvas pads. Figure 12 shows how such a sling hould be tied. Two half hitches are taken in the middle of the sling rope and ropped over the front crosstree. The ends are then looped over the rear crosstree Yu // Sixty- Nine In the Open— The National Forests of Washington to form the slings from which the packs are hung. The sling is adjusted to tt proper position, and when both side packs have been slung the ends of the sling rop are tied together across the center of the saddle. Too much care can not be used in arranging the pack before loading it on th animal. The side packs should be as evenly balanced as possible, either in alforja or boxes. They should hang well down on the sides and not up on the back of th pack animal. Light stuff, such as bedding, camping utensils, etc., may be placed o: top, but be sure that the bulk of the load is well down on the side, as this has a ten dency to give the animal more perfect control of the load in making a quick move such as jumping logs or ravines. If the load is all on top, the animal, no matter hov quiet and careful, is bound to hurt its back from the free-pivot swing of the saddl and load. The original diamond hitch, as shown in figure 7, on page 68, may be throwi by one or two persons. When loosened and taken from the horse there are n< knots or tangles to be taken out of the rope. The load may be tightened in a fev seconds when one has had a little practice. Figure 1 shows the first move to be made with the rope. If one person is packing, he should stand on the off side ol the horse to start. If there are two persons, the one on the near side is the one to start the operation. Figure 2 shows the position of the rope after it has beer hooked. Figure 3 shows the position of the rope after it is placed under the cornei of the alforja or pocket. Figure 4 shows how it looks on both sides. Figure 5 shows the rope as tightened, while figure 6 shows the rope tightened and made fast. FISH AND GAME PROTECTION The heavily timbered areas of Washington are the natural game sanctuaries of the State. These areas are largely within the National Forests, and are subject to the protection which goes with true forest conservation, which insures to the sports- man and the public in general not only good hunting grounds but a permanent supply of wild game. The fish and game laws applying in the National Forests are those) enacted by the Washington State Legislature. Every hunter and fisherman should' familiarize himself with these laws, a copy of which will be furnished by the State; game warden at Seattle, Wash. Game and fish protective work is one of the regular official duties of all Forest officers, who are ex officio State game wardens. Seventy- One In the Open — The National Forests of Washington A new regulation has recently been approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, which provides : “The going or being upon any land of the United States, or in or on the waters thereof , within a National Forest, with intent to hunt, catch, trap, willfully disturb, or kill any kind of game animal, game or nongame bird or fish, or to take the eggs of any such bird, in violation of the laws of the State in which such land or waters are situated is hereby prohibited.” HANDLING KILLED DEER There are several ways of carrying a deer after killing. The following method is one used by a great many experienced hunters : After removing entrails, cut the skin around the legs close to the hoofs below the dewclaws, then split the skin of :he leg to above the knee joint. Cut legs off at knee joint and skin out, then tie skin of legs together by tying skin of right foreleg to skin of left hind leg and vice rersa. Then place the deer on a log or upper hillside, run arms through loops firmed by tying legs, get them well up on the shoulders and rise. The deer will then lang crosswise on the back. The pack can be regulated for comfort by lengthening >r shortening the leg ties. For packing one deer on a horse the following will be found very simple : Take a •mall rope, place double half hitch over horn of saddle, place deer on it, belly down and it is best to turn the legs slightly to the rear) and let the weight rest just back >f the forelegs. Take a half hitch around flank with hitch underneath, then pass ope through cinch ring. Repeat on opposite side, putting hitch just back of fore- sgs. Balance the deer in saddle, tighten the ropes, and fasten them. The head and toms can be twisted around and tied to the horn of the saddle. To skin a deer, swing it clear of the ground by the hind feet and then skin down. Sy this means the hide can be nearly pulled from the carcass after it has been started dth a knife here and there, and the meat kept clean. To preserve the hide, stretch : over a log, a tree, or on the side of a building, flesh side out, until it is thoroughly ried, then it will keep and is easily packed. If it is desired to preserve the head for mounting, the following simple method . satisfactory. Never cut the animal’s throat if you wish to mount the head. If is desired to bleed him, stick a knife in the breast at the base of the neck. To jimove the skin from the head and neck, first slit the skin from one horn to the other In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Seve ■ and carry the cut around the base of each horn. Then from the middle of the crci; cut, carry a cut down the middle line of back of neck. The hide can then be remove from the head. Use common table salt to preserve the scalp. Lay the skin fle side up and rub plenty of salt into all parts of it. Be careful to put plenty behii! the ear cartilages and around the nose. One of the hardest problems which confront the hunter after killing his deer taking care of the meat, especially in hot weather when the flies are bad. It is good idea to take two or three sacks along made from house lining or cheeseclot 1 These sacks should be made about 6 feet long by 2 feet wide. The hunter cs carry one of these bags along when hunting. If a deer is killed, remove the entrail hang it up so it will drain, and slip the bag over it; fasten it so flies can not get i A deer can be left hanging in this manner and brought to camp on a horse late The same method should be adopted after the deer has been skinned in camp. La in the season when the nights are cool, by keeping flies off in this manner, a de can be kept fresh for several days, and in some cases for a week or two. Nearly every hunter has his own ideas about making “jerky.” The me; should be cut into strips from 2 to 3 inches thick and dipped in boiling hot brin Build a rack with long sticks (wire screen is better), smoke with green maple < other hardwood until the meat is seared over so flies will not bother. After th it is best to dry it in the sun as much as possible. When smoking, do not alio the fire to blaze or the meat will be cooked instead of jerked. CODE OF LOST AND DISTRESS SIGNALS When a man is lost or injured and needs help, a signal by shooting should I given. The lost and injured signal is the firing of a gun twice, with an intervr of 10 seconds between and one single shot 60 seconds later. If no answer is receiver this signal should be repeated after an intermission of 5 minutes. The answ( to this signal will be one single shot from the rescuing party, followed by a reco j nition shot from the lost man. Care should be taken to get the time between shots as accurate as possible. i the absence of a watch the time can be very accurately judged by counting 10 b* tween the first and second shots and 60 between the second and third shots. Hui ters should keep in mind this signal and, if possible, avoid giving it when shootin at game. Seventy- Three In the Open — The National Forests of Washington The person who is lost should, after hearing an answer to his signal, remain at the place where he gave the signal until the rescuing party arrives; otherwise he may take the opposite direction and not be found at all. To prepare for an emergency, every hunter or fisherman should carry in his pocket a piece of candle and matches in a water-tight match safe, so that, in case he should get lost or injured, he can readily start a camp fire. ACCIDENTS Preliminary treatment is described for the following more common accidents: Drowning.— Remove clothing from upper part of body. Lay patient face down and empty lungs of water by lifting the body by the middle. Then place the patient on his back. Put your finger well back in his throat and clear out mud, leaves, etc. Pull and hold tongue forward with dry handkerchief. To induce artificial respiration kneel at the patient’s head and grasp arms below the elbow. Alternately raise both arms upward and backward over the head, making the elbows almost touch the ground ; then bring them down again, pressing them against :he sides and front of chest. Repeat about 15 times a minute, and continue for it least an hour and a half. As soon as natural breathing begins, give stimulants md warm drinks by teaspoonfuls. Wounds. Reduce the flow of blood by applying cold water, snow, ice, or loultice ; also by elevation of the part injured. If an artery is cut so that the flood spurts in jets, stop flow of blood by pressing against bone or muscle. If njury is to limb, tie band tightly around it near the wound and between the wound .nd the heart. Sunstroke . Get patient in shade at once. Lay him on his back and apply old water to head and neck. Do everything possible to reduce temperature of >ody and rapidity of pulse. Mad-dog or snake bite— Apply a tourniquet between the wound and heart, posenmg it from time to time. Suck wound, but be sure you have no open uts or sores on lips or mouth. In snake bite a heart stimulant should be admin- >tered. A good treatment consists of hypodermic injections of potassium perman- anate near the puncture; also give strychnine hypodermically or in tablets to keep ;p heart action. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Sev *& Ptomaine poisoning. — Ptomaines are a common source of poisoning and mos frequently occur in canned meats, fish, etc. An effort must be made at once t( empty the stomach by vomiting, which may be induced by tickling the throa with feather or finger, or drinking warm water with mustard. Laxatives, such a; Epsom or Rochelle salts or castor oil, should be given freely. Stimulants shoulc be given and heat and rubbing applied after the elimination of the poison. ADMINISTRATION OF THE NATIONAL FORESTS Simplicity is the principal characteristic of the Forest Service organization No red tape is allowed to interfere with the efficiency of the men in the field. Eacf National Forest is in direct charge of a forest supervisor, with headquarters in £ town conveniently near the Forest, and is divided into ranger districts, each in charg< of a forest ranger. A large part of the business of the Forest can be carried or with the rangers, and most of the rest with the forest supervisors. The largei questions of policy and administration are referred to the district forester. The timber that is mature and ready for cutting is offered for sale to the highest bidder. When a sale is made, the trees to be cut are marked by a Foresl officer, provision being made for the preservation of the young growth and the perpetuation of the Forest. The purchaser of National Forest timber is required to dispose of the logging slash in such a way as to prevent its becoming afire menace. As the result of great forest fires there are here and there on the National Forests large burns which are completely deforested and which can be reclaimed only by the artificial planting or sowing of small trees. Such areas the Forest Service is reclaiming by planting young trees grown in the Service nurseries: About 1,500,000 small trees are planted annually in the National Forests of Washington. On most of the National Forests there are areas suitable for the grazing of sheep or cattle. These are allotted to the sheep and cattle men for a regular fee of sd much per head of stock. On the open forests of eastern Washington, where there: are large areas of bunch grass in the yellow pine timber, sheep and cattle are grazed under Forest Service permit and supervision. The nutritious forage is thus utilized for the production of meat, wool, and hides, and the danger from fires spreading in the forests is thus greatly reduced. Seoeniy- Fioe In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Settlers who live within or near a Forest are allowed to graze a small number of domestic stock free of charge. Care is taken to see that each settler and stock- man gets his fair allotment of range, and that the range is not overgrazed and spoiled for the next grazing season. The greatest menace to the forest is fire, and the Federal Government spends mnuallv on the National Forests of Washington about $60,000 for patrol work md from $5,000 to $80,000 for actual fire fighting. On each of the Forests in Washington there are one or more lookouts who are stationed on the higher peaks md ridges. Upon these the Forest Service depends for the speedy discovery of ires. It is intended that all parts of every Forest shall be under constant obser- ation during the summer season. The lookout is housed in a small cabin and irovided with field glasses and instruments for determining the location of fires, elephone lines enable him to report the fire to the district ranger. Once a fire ; discovered and located, it is the business of the ranger to put it out. Tools re always ready at the ranger stations and in special boxes at strategic points 1 the Forest. The ranger and his assistants are always ready for prompt action, ad the majority of fires are reached and extinguished inexpensively by a small 'ew before th ey spread to large proportions. If the fire is too large for the ranger ) handle, the Forest supervisor takes charge and by means of plans made in ivance is able to secure on short notice experienced crews of fire fighters, trans- lation, and large supplies of tools and equipment and food for the men who ay have to spend a week or more on the fire line. The greatest energies of the )rest Service are directed to the prevention and suppression of fires. For the purpose of making the timber more accessible, for facility in getting fires quickly, and for opening up the Forest to the people, the Forest Service .s built, in all the National Forests, a total of 4,419 miles of roads and 23,239 les of trail - Ten per cent of the receipts from timber sales, grazing fees, etc is ed for building roads and trails for the benefit of the public, and another 25 per at of the receipts is paid to the States by the Federal Government for the benefit county schools and roads. The appropriation in 1916 by Congress of $10,000,000 be used at the rate of $1,000,000 a year and the appropriating in 1919 0 f ,000,000 a year for three years for the construction of National Forest roads, will ike possible the building of roads on a much larger scale than has hitherto m possible. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington Seven WASHINGTON GAME LAWS, 1920 OPEN SEASONS . 1 West of Cascades. Dates inclusive. Deer (see exceptions), goat Oct. i--Nov. i, Exceptions: Deer in Island and v San Juan Counties, Jan. i, 1921; does in Skagit, Snohomish, and Whatcom Counties, no open season. Bear Sept. i-May 1 Quail, ruffed grouse, native pheasant, Chinese pheasant (see exception), blue grouse, ptarmigan Oct. i-Oct. 15 Exception: Chinese pheasant in Clallam, Kitsap, and Skamania Counties, no open season. Duck, goose, brant, coot Oct. i-Jan. 15. Black-bellied and golden plovers, Wilson snipe or jacksnipe, yellowlegs Oct. i-Dec. 15. Rail Oct. i-Nov. 30. East of Cascades. Deer (Kittitas County, Oct. 15-Dec. 1) '.Oct. i-Nov. 15 Bear Sept. i-May 1 Goat . No open season Ruffed grouse (native pheasant), blue grouse (see exceptions) Sept. i-Nov. r Exceptions: In Asotin County (in precincts of Clarkston, South Clarkston, and West Clarkston, no open season), Garfield, and Walla Walla, Aug. 15- Oct. 1 . Ruffed grouse in Columbia, Kittitas, and Yakima Counties, no open season. Blue grouse in Columbia County, no open season; in Spokane County, Oct. 1, 1919. Quail in Counties of Asotin (in precincts of Clarkston, South Clarkston, and West Clarkston, no open season), Garfield, and Walla Walla Oct. i-Oct. 10. Prairie chicken in Stevens County Sept. 15-Oct. 1 Prairie chicken in Ferry and Okanogan Counties Sept. 15-Nov. Sage hen, Hungarian partridge, male Chinese and English pheasants in Kittitas County Oct. i-Oct. 10. Bob- white quail in Spokane County Oct. i-Nov. l Hungarian partridge in Lincoln, Spokane, and Stevens Counties Oct. i-Nov. 15 Chinese pheasants in Benton, Stevens, and Yakima Counties Oct. i-Oct. 15. Duck, goose, brant, coot Sept. 16-Dec. 5 Black-bellied and golden plovers, Wilson snipe or jacksnipe, yellowlegs Oct. i-Dec. 15. Rail Sept. 16-Nov..; 1 Washington: County game commission, with consent of State warden, may shorten, close, or open season upland game birds. In the Open — The National Forests of Washington zcenly- zcen NO OPEN SEASON . 1 Moose, elk (1925); fawns, caribou, mountain sheep, squirrels (gray, black, fox), quail, prairie iiicken, sage hens, introduced birds (except as above), turkey, and dove; swans, wood ducks, der ducks, auklets, auks, bitterns, little brown and sandhill cranes, fulmars, grebes, guil- mots, gulls, herons, jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, band-tailed pigeons, puffins, shearwaters, ms, and all shore birds (except Wilson snipe or jacksnipe, black-bellied and golden plovers, and dlowlegs). HUNTING AND FISHING LICENSES. Nonresident: Hunting and fishing, State, $10; fishing, county, fe. Resident: State, $5; imty, $1. Issued by county auditors. No license required of honorably discharged Union soldiers of Civil War to hunt or fish, or of )men and persons under 16 to fish, if residents. BAG LIMITS AND POSSESSION. One deer in counties east of Cascades. Two deer (r buck in Skagit, Snohomish, and What- m), 1 goat m counties west of Cascades. Five in all of partridge, grouse, prairie chickens mgarian partridge, Chinese or English pheasant a day or in possession; 10 quail a day, upland birds, but in no event to include more than 5 upland birds other than quail, and in all of upland birds a week. In Kittitas County a male Chinese or English pheasants in bag 5 upland birds; 20 ducks, geese, brant, golden plover, yellowlegs, Wilson snipe a week :ek ends at midnight Saturday), but not more than 8 geese, 8 brant, 15 in all of plovers 1 yellowlegs a day; 30 ducks, geese, brant in possession; 30 sora and 25 in all of other rails, coots, l galhnules. Possession during close season permitted under permit, but migratory birds shall be possessed longer than the first 10 days after close of open season. Sale of all protected game prohibited. •SALE. Export. Export of all protected game prohibited. Washington: County game commission, with nd game birds. consent of State warden, may shorten, close, or open season on Six Rules For Sportsmen 1 . Be a real sportsman. — There is more honor in giving the game a square deal than in getting the limit. 2. Make sure it's a buck. — If you can’t see his horns — she hasn’t got any. 3. Help to enforce the game law. — Game and fish are public property and only a game hog will take more than his fair and legal share. Violations should be reported to the nearest deputy warden, Forest ranger, or game protective association. 4. Respect the ranchman’s property. — He regards the man who leaves his gates open, cuts his fences, disturbs his live stock, or shoots near dwellings, as an outlaw. Put your- self in his place. 5. Be careful with your camp fire and matches— One tree will make a million matches; one match can bum a million trees. 6. Leave a clean camp and a clean record. — Unburied garbage, crippled game, and broken laws are poor monuments for a sportsman to leave behind him. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C. AT 20 CENTS PER COPY Seventy- Eight 9387°— 20. (Toface page 78.) GOVERNMENT EXHIBIT at thelQOLO cttioncti airy Skoio United States Department of Agriculture, Department Circular 139 , Washington, D. C., September, 1920. THE GOVERNMENT EXHIBIT AT THE 1920 NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW. CONTENTS. 0 Page. Community development at Grove City 4 Development of a dairy community 4 Products of the Grove City creamery 5 The S wiss-cheese factory 5 Cow-testing-association exhibit 7 Cow-testing-association demonstration herd. 7 The bull-association exhibit 9 Control of infectious diseases 9 "Better Sires— Better Stock” Cost of milk production Mineral requirements for milk production The bank in the dairy co mmun ity The milk utilization exhibit Dairy-statistics exhibit F orage-crop exhibit Marketing dairy products 10 10 11 11 13 14 15 15 jVTOKE than half a million dollars extracted from air, sunshine, and water— a strange alchemy, indeed. Not the sort the old chemists dreamed of — turning base metals into gold — but the kind practiced by the farmers of the dairy community at Grove City, Pa. Here community development in dairying becomes a reality, through the cooperation of practical farmers, bankers, and business men, under the direction of specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture. Last year more than half a million dollars’ worth of dairy products were manufactured and sold at premium prices Most of this sum was distributed among the farmers of the com- munity who are engaged in the enterprise, only a small part going to pay for the operation of the creamery. Because the results are so noteworthy, so comprehensive, and so typical of what may be accomplished in other localities, the depart- ment has chosen the Grove City community as a central figure in its exhibit at the National Dairy Show. All the department’s activities that concern dairymen have a place in the organization of such a community. The exhibits in the various booths illustrate what has actually been accomplished, and it is expected that every visitor, whether dairyman, manufacturer, business man, or extension worker, will carry home ideas that he can use in his own work. The various features of the exhibits relating to production and manufacturing were prepared by the Dairy Division, Bureau of Ani- mal Industry, and those relating to marketing and forage crops by the Bureau of Markets and the Bureau of Plant Industry, respec- tively. - ' ■ 3 4 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AT GROVE CITY. In 1915 the Dairy Division aided in establishing a creamery at Grove City, Pa. This creamery, built with local capital, is operated under the supervision of the Dairy Division as an adjunct to its laboratories. The creamery has stimulated production by providing a market for the milk and cream produced and at the same time has helped to bring about a general development of the community. At first only an idea, community development in dairying became a reality through the cooperation of the Dairy Division and the farmers and business men of Grove City. The movement grew slowly the first year, more rapidly the second year, and with increas- ing rapidity ever since. The cow-testing association has eliminated the poor cows and re- placed them with better ones, often with purebreds. The three breeders’ associations have brought in many carloads of purebred dairy cattle and found a ready market for surplus dairy animals of every kind. The two bull associations have brought good bloodlines within the reach of every farmer in the district. Federal and State veterinarians have tested 387 herds for tuberculosis, and already have placed 148 herds on the tuberculosis-free accredited list. On almost every farm the buildings have been improved, and in many cases completely remodeled. The creamery has found a satisfactory market for butter, cheese, and skim-milk products. Total sales of dairy products for last year amounted to $505,810. Farmers are active members of the Grove City Commercial Club. The Boys’ and Girls’ Purebred Dairy Cattle Club is training the children to carry on development work in future years. The women, likewise interested, take an active part in business and social gatherings. In the beginning the banks helped to finance the purchase of dairy cattle. Now the farmers are less dependent on them. Bankers, farmers, merchants — all have helped and all have prospered. The schools have improved; churches have advanced; homes have become more comfortable; and farm life has become more pleasant and attractive. In the booths of the exhibit will be found detailed information on the lines of work which have contributed to the development of the Grove City community. Study these exhibits carefully. What the people of the Grove City community have done others can do. Their work is a lesson to wide-awake progressive and public-spirited dairymen everywhere. DEVELOPMENT OF A DAIRY COMMUNITY. The central feature of the whole Government exhibit is an attractive model representing the Grove City community. On one side is a rural scene and on the other a village. In the village there is a model 5 Government Exhibit at 1920 National Dairy Show . of the Grove City creamery, by which dairy products of the com- munity are prepared for market. A railroad train carries the products away from the creamery. The whole exhibit shows how a community may handle its dairy products, utilizing the surplus, and putting out high-grade commodities that command good market prices. PRODUCTS OF THE GROVE CITY CREAMERY. So far as possible all the solids in the milk delivered at the creamery are used for the manufacture of human-food products which are usually more profitable than animal-feed products and nonedible products. The creamery purchases the farmer’s skim milk as well as his cream, and there is an increasing tendency among farmers to sell the entire milk instead of keeping the skim milk on the farm. Before the community-development work was begun practically no dairy products were shipped from Grove City. The following figures show the extent of dairy production in the community during the last year: Products of the Grove City Creamery for the year ended June 30, 1920. Butter. Con- densed skim milk. Cheese. Casein. Swiss. Camem- bert. Roque- fort. Cheddar. Cottage. Pounds. 505 , 909 Pounds. 828,065 Pounds. 112,927 Pounds. 7,737 Pounds. 12, 378 Pounds. 21,393 Pounds. 230, 968 Pounds. 30, 773 The exhibit contains samples of the butter, condensed milk, and casein, and the Swiss, Camembert, and Roquefort cheese made at the Grove City creamery. Information as to methods and cost of manufacture, and the prices received for these products, is available. , lhese P roduc ts and the related information are presented for the benefit of those interested in dairy manufacturing. Study them carefully; some of them may be manufactured profitably in your locality. THE SWISS-CHEESE factory. Can Swiss cheese equal to the imported product in quality and uniformity be made in the United States ? A few years ago the answer might have been “No.” To-dav it is more likely to be “Yes.” J % the method of using prepared cultures developed by the Dairy Division, and demonstrated in this exhibit, quality in Swiss cheese as become almost a certainty. Taking advantage of this fact, the urove City creamery began the manufacture of Swiss cheese in 1919 . 6 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. One hundred pounds of milk containing 3.25 per cent butterfat will make about 8J pounds of cheese, and besides from one-half to three-fourths pound of fat suitable for buttermaking can be recovered from the whey. If the cheese is of first quality it will bring 45 cents a pound. True, a considerable portion of the Swiss cheese now made in this country is. of inferior quality, bringing only 35, 30, or even 20 cents a pound; but by careful manufacturing and the use of proper cultures, it is believed that these low grades can be largely eliminated. The exhibit not only shows the process of making and curing Swiss cheese, but also illustrates new methods introduced by the Dairy Division, which, if properly applied to high-grade raw material, should make the domestic Swiss equal to the imported. The Fig. 1.— Type of the high-quality domestic Swiss cheese made at Grove City, Pa. peculiar flavor and the holes or eyes of Swiss cheese are the result of the growth of certain bacteria which the maker tries to encourage. In the laboratory adjoining the miniature factory the bacteriologists grow and prepare for distribution to factories two types of bacteriological cultures. One develops acidity in the cheese so rapidly that the undesirable bacteria are sup- pressed; the other, which grows more slowly, gives the cheese its characteristic e}^es and flavor. The exhibit includes a warm and a cold curing room, the former to encourage the formation of eyes, the latter to hold the cheese for the slow development of the delicate flavor which is found in the finest grades. Government Exhibit at 1920 National Dairy Show . 7 COW-TESTING- ASSOCIATION EXHIBIT. The Grove City district has one of the 468 cow-testing associations that are now at work in the United States. The results at Grove City and elsewhere are shown and explained in the cow-testing- association booth. An illuminated exhibit of maps and charts shows the location of all the associations and gives their growth in numbers each year since the work began, in Newaygo County, Mich., in 1 906. Two years’ records from the Grove City association are now available, and the figures on one chart show clearly what a cow-testing association does for a dairy community. For the second year, the figures show an average gain, per cow, of 656 pounds of milk, 36 pounds of butterfat, and $30.58 income over cost of feed. The cow-testing-association booth shows a mechanical device that vividly compares the records of low and high producing dairy cows. By means of butter cartons the records of cow-testing-association cows appear in contrast with average cows and also with world-record cows. It has been estimated that the average dairy cow produces 160 pounds of butterfat in a year. Association cows average about 246 pounds. The world’s record is 1,205.09 pounds, or about 7J times as much as the average for all the dairy cows in the United States. The cow-testing-association booth is well supplied with bulletins and circulars that tell how to conduct the work and what results may be expected. On the wall are a dozen charts that tell the story of the progress made in the Grove City association and the Newaygo County (Mich.) association, and that show the results of the tabula- tion of more than 40,000 individual cow records. One chart defines a c'ow-testing association as “an organization of about 26 farmers who milk cows and who cooperatively employ a man to test their cows for economical production.” The charts show clearly that it pays a dairyman to know the feed and production records of his cows and to feed each cow according to known production. COW-TESTING-ASSOCIATION DEMONSTRATION HERD. Can you tell by the appearance of a cow how many pounds of milk she will produce in a year? If so, can you tell what her milk will test? Can you tell by observation how much roughage and grain she has consumed to produce that milk and butterfat — in other words, how much it has cost to feed her for a year ? If not, you had better stop and study the demonstration herd. This herd consists of 12 cows whose feed and production records have been carefully kept for a year or more in a cow-testing associa- tion. From the conformation and general appearance of each cow, you are invited to estimate her production of milk and butterfat and Fig. 2.— In this animated exhibit a cow of high production jumps over the moon, while another— a less profitable cow— fails to do so. when to supplement the pastures with other feed, and the relative merits of different dates of freshening. By comparing the records of the dams and daughters, the cow-testing association also furnishes definite information as to the true value of dairy sires. In short, the records furnish the information necessary for the building up of high- producing profitable dairy herds. The cows in the demonstration herd are from a Wisconsin cow- testing association. The owners of the cows will be there, and they as well as the man in charge of the exhibit will answer questions regarding the records and care of each cow. These men are also ready to give information on the organization and management of cow-testing associations, and the progressive dairyman will find there a practical lesson. 8 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. her earnings over cost of feed. Then compare your estimates with the cow-testing- association records. In untested herds sentiment often plays a large part in selection. Too frequently the favorite cow is not the most profitable producer, and it is through the cow-testing association that the best cows are selected for production and breeding purposes. The association also furnishes an accurate yearly record of the milk and butterfat pro- duction and of the feed consumed by each individual in the'herd. The exhibit shows how the cow-testing-association records enable the farmer to determine the value of different methods of dairy management, such as the feeding of soiling crops, silage, and alfalfa; 9 Government Exhibit at i920 National Dairy Show. THE BULL-ASSOCIATION EXHIBIT. That bull associations are important in the development of a community is indicated by results at Grove City, where there are two associations — one a Holstein and the other a Jersey. The reduced cost of providing good purebred bulls is an advantage of the association that first appeals to the dairyman; but the out- standing advantage is that bulls owned by the association are kept until their daughters are tested. Bulls of great value, owned by individuals, have frequently been slaughtered before their value was known. Through the bull associations, however, bulls worth thousands of dollars have been saved for use as long as they live. In addition to the advantages mentioned, bull associations estab- lish permanently in a community a certain breed or breeds. This is an important feature from a marketing point of view, as breeders can supply the demand for carload lots of cattle of uniform breeding. More than 120 communities in the United States now have active bull associations, and in other communities the work is strongly indorsed. The bull-association booth contains some of the results obtained in 78 associations in the United States in 1919. A map of a bull association shows graphically the organization, the average number of blocks; average number of members, location of blocks and mem- bers, and number of cows in a typical association. The photographs of typical association bulls and their progeny, tabulation of growth of associations, and a model of a bull-association block, shown in this exhibit, throw further light on the method of operation and the results obtained in the various associations. The exhibit is the medium through which the 2,978 farmers from 27 States tell you what they have accomplished. Where graphic illustration fails to give the information desired, the specialist in charge of the work will personally convey the message. CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Previous to April, 1918, the Grove City community had practically no tuberculin-tested cattle, with the exception of a few which had been tested for interstate shipment. During the early part of 1918 systematic disease-control measures were begun and from April, 1918, to May, 1920, 387 herds, consisting of 4,988 animals, were tested under the accredited-herd plan. Of these, 148 herds are already accredited and others are in process of becoming so. Four per cent of all cattle tested in the vicinity have been found to be tuberculous, which is about the average for all cattle tested in the United States. Owing to cooperative control measures, other infectious diseases are causing only small losses in the Grove City community. 8266°— 20 2 10 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Dairymen and extension workers interested in disease control will find in the exhibit specimens of actual tissues, showing lesions caused by various diseases, especially tuberculosis and abortion. A study of the models of carcasses of two cows — one in which the organs are normal and one in which the organs and glands are affected with tuberculosis — will give a concrete idea of the nature of the disease. Charts showing progress of disease-control work with Texas fever, scabies, foot-and-mouth disease, tuberculosis, and other disorders, will he found in the exhibit, as well as photographs and charts of diseased herds and a record of the work in local areas. “BETTER SIRES— BETTER STOCK.” Among the exhibits showing Government activities in behalf of better livestock and community development is a booth explaining the N ation-wide “ Better Sires — Better Stock” movement. Features of this exhibit are three wheels of chance which visitors will be in- vited to spin. These wheels show with mathematical certainty why the user of scrub bulls obtains calves of inferior quality, while the wiser breeder who uses purebred bulls reaps the rich reward of proper selection. But unlike the games of chance which leave the visitor poorer though wiser, the Government wheels enable him to depart richer in breeding information. A series of pictures, under the title “ Bankrupts of Nature,” is another part of the “ Better Sires — Better Stock” exhibit. The pic- tures, with explanations, show prehistoric animals which were unable to survive the competition of other animals or to satisfy human needs. As a result these animals have become extinct. Scrub bulls are in- cluded in the group as the next class of livestock to become a bank- rupt of nature. Still another group of pictures illustrates graphically how and why a well-bred productive cow is foster mother of more babies than an inferior scrub cow. Although dairy cattle will be given prominence at the “Better Sires — Better Stock” booth, the principles of breeding illustrated apply equally well to other kinds of livestock. Besides being of value to breeders and persons interested in developing dairy herds, the better-sires exhibit includes suggestions to county agents and extension workers seeking effective means of improving livestock in their communities. COST OF MILK PRODUCTION. Consumers and others often think that the farmer is getting too much for his milk. The only way to settle the question is to have definite, concise figures on the cost of producing milk in each com- munity. The Dairy Division has organized community groups in 7 States for this purpose. Each group consists of about 20 repre- 11 Government Exhibit at i9M National Dairy Show. sentative dairy farms, with a supervisor in charge. Cost items are collected in terms of quantity rather than price, wherever possible. Kesults may then be interpreted at any time, using prevailing prices. Data from four of the States studied — Indiana, Vermont, North Carolina, and Washington — will be available at the exhibit. These data include the requirements for producing 100 pounds of milk, requirements for keeping a cow one year, cost of keeping a bull, and other useful information. A market milk specialist will be in charge of the exhibit to answer questions. MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILK PRODUCTION. In order to produce milk liberally cows must have a variety of chemical compounds in their feed, in sufficient quantity. If any one of these compounds is not supplied in sufficient quantity, the amount of milk given will be limited sooner or later by the amount of that compound in the feed, no matter how liberally all the other elements are supplied. The milk yields may not be immediately reduced by the lack of some necessary element in the feed, because for a time the cow may be able to supply the element in question from the substance of her own body. An exhibit on this important subject shows that even when cows receive as much protein and total nutrient as is required by the feeding standards their milk yield may gradually decrease until after several years, it is less than half of what it might be. But the yields of cows so fed for some years may be increased by feeding sodium phosphate during their dry periods. These results indicate that the elements most likely to be insufficient in the ordinary dairy rations are the bone-building elements, calcium and phosphorus. Persons interested m increasing the milk production of their cows will find it to their advantage to visit this booth. THE BANK IN THE DAIRY COMMUNITY. The activity of a national bank of Grove City in the development ot dairy enterprise in its community has been to make working capital immediately and easily available to the farmer. th f 1S t , lle functl0n of any bank alert to its opportunities, the bank referred to has conducted a systematic campaign to cultivate among its patrons, especially dairy farmers, the habit of getting the best. The bank was not content with the mere furnishing of funds at current rates, for the purchase of improved stock. Its officers have personally interested themselves in the purchase and distribution of purebred animals and have cooperated with the dairy husbandman connected with the creamery in many other lines of dairy-develop- 12 Department Circular i39, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. ment work, thus making the service of the bank, instead of coldly commercial and financial, a vitally -helpful ministry. In the bank booth will be found a representative of the bank, who will be glad to discuss how other banks may aid in developing dairy communities. The following activities have featured the work in Grove City. They are applicable to other communities. Purebred importations. — Since 1916 the bank has assisted in the purchase and distribution, among farmer patrons of the creamery, of 12 carloads of purebred tuberculin-tested dairy cattle. In the immediate vicinity of Grove City there are now more than 250 farmers owning one or more purebred dairy animals. Boys' and girls' clubs.— Several carloads of purebred heifers were distributed to boys and girls of the community, the bank accepting in payment renewable notes. Breeders' associations. — Three breeders' associations were organized in the community with the cooperation of the officers of the bank. The bank has financed the somewhat extensive purchase of the best available bulls. Accredited-Herd Association. — One of the most effective organiza- tions which the bank has cooperated in organizing is the accredited- herd and sales association. The herds of all members are tested for tuberculosis and accredited accordingly, and the member herds make up more than one-half of all the accredited herds in the State. Dairy stock slow.— The bank for the last five years has provided the prizes for the annual Grove City Dairy Stock Show, and its officers have been active in making the show the dairy event in that section of Pennsylvania. Thrift clubs. — The bank has organized thrift clubs among the school children in a number of country districts. The members of these clubs receive personal instruction from officers of the bank in the processes of banking. The Grove City National. — For more than three years the bank has been publishing a monthly paper, The Grove City National, devoted entirely to subjects of agricultural and particularly of dairy interest. In addition there are selected editorials, the monthly creamery report, the detailed report of the Grove City Cow-Testing Association, the sales list of the Accredited-Herd Association, and a classified list of farm products, animals, and equipment for local sale or exchange. No charge is made for these notices, and the paper is sent free to every farmer in the community and to others who wish to receive it. 13 Government Exhibit at 1920 National Dairy Show. THE MILK-UTILIZATION EXHIBIT. In many communities there is need of increased consumption of milk as a means of combating undernourishment and improving health, especiahy among children. Community milk campaigns have been especially effective for this purpose, and many of the more progressive cities and communities, including Boston, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Seattle, Spokane, and others, have already held successful of a milk campaign; drinking milk for health and mental alertness at a public school. campaigns. An exhibit on this subject shows just how the urban and rural campaigns are organized and what they can accomplish toward increasing the use of milk in the home, particularly by children. This is stated in terms of improved health, conduct, and scholarship. Milk-feeding demonstrations with children will be featured each day* These will show how to conduct such demonstrations in the public schools as well as in the home. The increase in weight of undernourished children, when a pint or a quart of milk is given 14 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture . each one in addition to the regular diet, is illustrated by charts prepared from actual tests. What have the milk campaigns done toward utilizing supplies of whole milk as such ? The answer, given in terms of quarts of milk and their value, is a surprise for those not familiar with the work. Another interesting part of the exhibit shows milk posters prepared by school children, and also some of the prize-winning essays entered in the contests. A second exhibit is interesting not only because it drives home the point that milk makes for improved health, but because the idea came from a poster prepared by a fifth-grade schoolboy in one of the poster contests. A “Fort of 111 Health” is being demolished by milk-bottle shells, milk-bottle bombs, and milk-bottle soldiers. How community health has improved because of an increased use of milk is illustrated with charts. The value of milk as a food is emphasized by showing its unexcelled protein efficiency, its lime efficiency, and the value of butterfat for growth and health. Is there a need for a milk campaign in your community? Visit this exhibit and talk with the milk-utilization specialist in charge. Consumers, dairymen, and extension workers especially, will obtain valuable information and suggestions. DAIRY-STATISTICS EXHIBIT. Dairy statistics not only show what has happened in the past, but by indicating the trend of the industry they also throw some light on the future. The successes or failures of dairy enterprises throughout the world are*written in the dairy statistics of each coun- try, and the facts represented here become interesting when a new enterprise is to be begun or a campaign launched, whether in a community, in a State, or in an entire country. In the exhibit of dairy statistics will be found simple charts indi- cating the progress, trend, and development of dairying in the United States and other countries. The war’s effect on dairying throughout the world, as well as the extent to which the countries have been able to “come back,” is shown. Look over the following questions. If you can not answer them you will do well to stop at the statistics booth and obtain the latest figures compiled by the Department of Agriculture. How many cows are there m the United States ? What is the average annual production of milk per cow ? How do our cows compare in production with those of other countries ? .. How much butter, cheese, condensed milk, etc., are we producing? How much butter, cheese, etc., are we exporting? Importing? 15 Government Exhibit at 1920 National Dairy Show. How much of each of these products is consumed per capita in the United States ? What is the per capita consumption of butter and cheese in other countries ? These last two questions are answered in a striking way through the use of models showing the exact quantities of butter and cheese consumed each year per capita in the different countries, as well as the per capita consumption of all dairy products in the United States. FORAGE-CROP EXHIBIT. Successful dairying in any community is so dependent upon an all-year supply of highly nutritious succulent feed, green or silage, and properly maintained meadows and pastures, that no efforts are spared by the Department of Agriculture in its search for and study of such crops as will best serve the dairymen in all sections of the United States. The Office of Forage Crop Investigations of the Bureau of Plant Industry presents in a series of transparent colored photographs an instructive and attractive exhibit illustrating the value and utiliza- tion of important forage crops in various sections of the United States. It is interesting to note among the many forage crops introduced by the Department of Agriculture such excellent examples as Peru- vian and Arabian alfalfas, numerous superior soy-bean varieties, purple vetch, Chinese and Yokohama velvet bean; Early buff^ Groit, and Brabham cowpeas; Sudan, Rhodes, and other valuable grasses, feterita, Honey, Red Amber, Pink Kafir, and other sor- ghums, Siberian and Kursk millets; and a host of other valuable forage plants. MARKETING DAIRY PRODUCTS. Accounting methods in dairy marketing organizations . — The efficient manager of a dairy establishment should know at all times not only the true condition of the business as a whole, but also which depart- ments are conducted at a profit and which at a loss. The true condition of the business is reflected in a proper system of accounting. It is the aim of the Bureau of Markets to make it3 work specifically helpful to organizations marketing farm products. Extensive studies of accounting requirements for creameries and milk plants and the cost of marketing milk are now being made, with a view to effecting more economical methods. Bulletins describing systems of accounting are available for free distribution. The accountant in charge of the booth will furnish interested per- sons with any additional information regarding the assistance that the Bureau of Markets renders to dairy manufacturing and marketing concerns. & 16 Department Circular 139, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Market reports on dairy products. — Telegraphic connections with the Chicago office of the bureau (Room 516, City Hall Square Build- ing, 139 North Clark Street), which in turn is connected by leased telegraph wires with the other eastern offices, enable reports from all the markets to be available in the bureau’s booth at the Dairy Show. The attendant at the booth will be glad to furnish interested per- sons with any additional information desired regarding the market reports on dairy products or other lines of dairy marketing work conducted by the Bureau of Markets. Market inspection of dairy products. — A market inspection service on butter is provided by the Bureau of Markets at Boston, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia. On application, the inspectors at those markets will certify as to the quality and condition of butter received in interstate commerce. This service has been very widely used by both shippers and receivers. The attendant in charge will furnish additional information regarding this service to those inter- ested. He will also demonstrate the methods of butter inspection, using samples of butter on exhibit for that purpose. Dairy marketing statistics. — The question is often asked by pro- ducers, manufacturers, and distributors, “ Where can we obtain dependable market information on the dairy industry ? ’ ’ The Bureau of Markets through its market-news service on dairy products com- piles the essential data and information, and is now in position to place this information in the hands of interested persons. Reports on the amounts of different kinds of dairy products manufactured are received from more than 10,000 firms representing about 95 per cent of the total production. From this and other sources data are com- piled and such information as total production, stocks in storage, receipts at terminal wholesale markets, exports, imports, prices, etc., are available and will be furnished to any one making request for them. Sample reports, charts, graphs, and other information comprise a part of the exhibit. Leave your name and address with the repre- sentative in charge for any information desired. Cooperative purchasing and marketing. — During recent years there has been a rapid development and a largely increased interest in cooperative organizations among farmers. The exhibit relating to cooperative marketing will give visitors timely information regarding the organization of cooperative marketing associations. The exhibit consists of charts and maps which place emphasis on points of importance in organizing cooperative marketing enterprises. These charts show some of the accomplishments of cooperative mar- keting, essential features of good organization, and requirements for success in cooperative marketing enterprises. BANKRUPTS OF NATURE They couldn't stand competition or meet human requirements. ■ ■ . The Dodo - long extinct Dinosaur - long extinct Should be extinct in the United States about 1925. Variety - Bologna, (taurus) Replaced by good purebieds. •• ^ ‘ ’• *'V. Mam mom Plesiosaurus -tong extinct Useless Animals in Time Become Extinct Have you any of these on your farm 9 " Bettei Sires ~ Better Stock Fig. 4.— Facsimile of one of the charts in the “Better Sires-Better Stock” booth. 17 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1020 STATISTICS OF COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK 1920-21 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 140 Contribution from the States Relations Service A. C. TRUE, Director Washington, D. C. November, 1920 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 STATISTICS OF COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK, 1920 - 21 . This circular summarizes statistics relating to sources, amounts, and project allotment of funds used and number and distribution of persons employed by the State agricultural colleges receiving the benefits of the act of Congress of May 8, 1914 (Smith-Lever Act), providing for the extension work in agriculture and home economics in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. These statistics have been compiled in part from the budget state- ments in which the State agricultural colleges have outlined their plan of work and in part from records on file in the States Relations Service. Table I. — Maximum amounts of Federal funds which each State 1 is eligible to receive under the cooperative extension act . 2 State. Fiscal year 1915-16. Fiscal year 1916-17. Fiscal year 1917-18. Fiscal year 1918-19. Fiscal year 1919-20. Fiscal vear 1920-21. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware ’ . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine.. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire . . New Jersey. . . New Mexico .... New York North Carolina North Dakota.. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island South Carolina... South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia. Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming $31,491.82 11.715. 47 26; 678. 41 21 037.45 14,792.62 11,397. 20 11,279. 51 16,486. 94 35, 173. 47 13, 108. 84 36, 282. 20 28,931.02 28. 781. 18 24.555.45 31.088.17 24,102.11 14,388.28 17, 746. 73 12,930.75 28,032.37 24, 898. 99 29.329.35 33.034.17 12,950. 01 20, 715. 89 10, 832. 94 12. 133. 46 17, 659. 22 13, 413. 20 33.442.72 32, 952. 65 16. 247. 19 35.556.54 26, 255. 69 14. 446. 36 46.893.54 10, 218. 31 25, 691. 15 16.166.89 31,201.01 45,969. 67 12.436.74 12; 273. 77 29, 271.96 16,522. 46 22.071.73 26, 164. 99 11,249. 20 $49, 401. 67 13, 145. 03 40,577. 08 30. 235. 33 18, 786. 47 12.561.53 12,345 76 21,892.73 56,151.36 15,699 54 58. 184. 03 44, 706. 87 44,432.16 36,685. 00 48, 661. 65 35, 853. 87 18. 045.18 24. 202. 34 15.373.04 43.059. 35 37,314.81 45,437.14 52.229.32 15.408.35 29, 645. 80 11,527.06 13.911.34 24,041.91 16.257.54 52.978.32 52,079. 86 21.453.18 56. 853. 66 39. 802. 10 18.151.66 77.638.33 10,400.24 38.767.11 21,305.96 48,868.52 75, 944. 39 14. 467.35 14, 168. 57 45,331.93 21,957.84 32,131 50 39,635. 81 12, 290. 20 $67,311.52 14,574. 59 54,475.75 39,433.21 22. 780.32 13,725. 86 13, 412. 01 27,298. 52 77, 129. 25 18, 290. 24 80, 085. 86 60, 482. 72 60,083.14 48, 814. 55 66, 235. 13 47, 605. 63 21,702. 08 30.657. 95 17. 815. 33 58.086. 33 49, 730. 63 61,544.93 71,424.47 17, 866. 69 38,575. 71 12,221.18 15, 689. 22 30,424. 60 19, 101. 88 72,513.92 71. 207. 07 26.659.17 78, 150. 78 53,348. 51 21.856. 96 108,383.33 10.582.17 51.843.07 26. 445. 03 66.536.03 105,919.11 16.497. 96 16,063.37 61,391.90 27,393.22 42, 191. 27 53, 106. 63 13,331.20 $85, 221.37 16,004. 15 68,374.42 48, 631. 09 26, 774. 17 14, 890. 19 14, 478. 26 32. 704. 31 98,107.14 20, 880. 94 101,987. 69 76. 258. 57 75, 734. 12 60. 944. 10 83, 808. 61 59,357. 39 25,358. 98 37,113 56 20, 257. 62 73.113.31 62, 146. 45 77, 652. 72 90. 619. 62 20. 325. 03 47. 505. 62 12,915.30 17.467.10 36, 807. 29 21,946. 22 92,049. 52 90, 334. 28 31.865.16 99,447. 90 66, 894. 92 25,562. 26 139, 128. 12 10. 764. 10 64, 919. 03 31.584.10 84,203.54 135, 893. 83 18.528.57 17.958.17 77,451.87 32, 828. 60 52.251.04 66, 577. 45 14,372. 20 $103, 131. 22 17,433.71 82, 273. 09 57. 828. 97 30, 768. 02 16.054. 52 15,544. 51 38.110. 10 119.085.03 23,471.64 123, 889. 52 92,034. 42 91.385.10 73,073. 65 101,382.09 71. 109. 15 29,015. 88 43.569.17 22,699. 91 88, 140. 29 74,562. 27 93,760. 51 109, 814. 77 22,783.37 j 56.435.53 13, 609. 42 19. 244. 98 43, 189. 98 24, 790. 56 111,585.12 109,461.49 37.071.15 120, 745. 02 80, 441. 33 29, 267. 56 169, 872. 91 10.946.03 77.994. 99 36.723.17 101,871.05 165, 868. 55 20.559. 18 19, 852. 97 93,511.84 38, 263. 98 62,310. 81 80, 048. 27 15,413.20 $121,041.07 18,863 27 96, 171. 76 67.026.85 34,761.87 17.218.85 16, 610. 76 43.515.89 140, 062. 92 26,062 34 145, 791. 35 107, 810. 27 107,036. 08 85, 203. 20 118, 955. 57 82, 860. 91 32,672. 78 50,024. 78 25, 142. 20 103,167. 27 86,978. 09 109, 868. 30 129, 009. 92 25,241.71 65,365. 44 14,303.54 21.022.86 49,572. 67 27.634. 90 131, 120. 72 128, 588. 70 42,277. 14 142, 042. 14 93,987. 74 32,972. 86 200, 617. 70 11, 127. 96 91,070.95' 41,862. 24 119,538. 56 195, 843. 27 22,589.79 21,747. 77 109,571.81 43, 699. 36 72, 370. 58 93,519.09 16.454. 20 Total 1,080,000.00 1,580,000.00 2, 080, 000. 00 2,580,000. 00 3, 080, 000. 00 3,580,000. 00 1 1? 1 2 1 L 15j the amount of S10.000 was allotted to each State. 2 Each State must duplicate all Federal money above $10,000 per year. 3 4 Department Circular 140, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture Table II . — Sources of offset to Federal Smith-Lever funds , 1919-20 and 1920-21, and * Federal supplementary extension funds, 1919-20 and 1920-21. State. Total. Alabama: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Arizona: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Arkansas: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. California: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Colorado: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Connecticut: 1919 20 Supplementary. 1920-21 Supplementary. Delaware: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Florida: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Georgia: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Idaho: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Illinois: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Indiana: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Iowa: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Kansas: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Kentucky: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Louisiana: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Maine: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. $93, 131. 22 53, 729. 55 111,041.07 53. 729.55 7, 433. 71 4, 288. 68 8. 863.27 4,288. 68 72.273. 09 41, 696. 01 86, 171. 76 41. 696. 01 47,828.97 27,593. 64 57,026. 85 27.593. 64 20. 768. 02 11. 981.55 24. 761. 87 11.981.55 6, 054. 52 3, 492. 99 7,218.85 3,492. 99 5,544. 51 3, 198. 75 6, 610. 76 3, 198. 75 28. 110. 10 16, 217. 37 33, 515. 89 16, 217. 37 109, 085. 03 62, 933. 67 130, 062. 92 62, 933. 67 13.471.64 7, 772. 10 16,062.34 7, 772. 10 113,889. 52 65, 705. 49 135, 791. 35 65, 705. 49 82, 034. 42 47.327. 55 97. 810. 27 47,327.55 81,385. 10 46, 952. 94 97, 036. 08 46,952. 94 63.073.65 36. 388. 65 75, 203. 20 36,388.65 91,382. 09 52, 720. 44 108, 955. 57 52, 720. 44 61, 109. 15 35.255.28 72, 860. 91 35,255. 28 19.015.88 10,970. 70 22, 672. 78 10, 970. 70 State. County. College. Local. $92, 500. 00 20,000.00 92, 139. 83 35, 729. 55 7,433.71 4,288. 68 8,863. 27 4,288. 68 72,273. 09 $631.32 33, 729. 55 18,901. 24 18,000.00 41,696.01 86, 171. 76 41,696. 01 47, 828. 97 27,593. 64 57,026.85 27,593. 64 20,768. 02 4,046. 00 24, 761. 87 4, 781. 55 6,054. 52 3, 492. 99 7,218. 85 3,492.99 5,544.51 7, 935. 55 $7, 200 $3, 198. 75 6,610. 76 3, 198. 75 28, 110. 10 16, 217. 37 33,515. 89 16,217.37 109, 085. 03 62, 933. 67 130, 062. 92 62,933. 67 13,471.64 7, 772. 10 16,062. 34 7,772. 10 83,400.00 30,489. 52 65, 705. 49 54, 191. 35 65,705.49 81,600.00 82, 034. 42 47, 327. 55 80, 000. 00 17, 810. 27 47,327.55 81,385.10 4, 650. 00 18,036. 08 42, 302. 94 79, 000. 00 46,952. 94 63,073.65 36,388.65 75,203.20 36,388.65 91,382.09 2, 720. 44 108,955.57 50,000.00 52,720.44 12, 609. 15 35, 255. 28 30, 000. 00 35, 255. 28 48,500.00 40, 460. 91 2, 400. 00 19,015. 88 10, 970. 70 22,672. 78 10,970. 70 5 Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920—1921. Table II.— Sources of offset to Federal Smith-Lever funds , 1919-20 and 1920-21 and federal supplementary extension funds , 1919-20 and 1020-21— Continued . ’ State. Total. State. County. College. Local. Maryland: 1919-20 - $33, 569. 17 $33,569.17 i 19, 366. 83 i 40, 024. 78 ! 19, 366. 83 12, 699. 91 7, 326. 87 15, 142. 20 1920-21 19, 366. 83 Supplementary Massachusetts: 1919- 20 Supplementary 1920- 21 19, 366. 83 12,699.91 7, 326. 87 - 142. 20 Michigan: 1919-20 Supplementary 1Q9W-91 7, 326. 87 78. 140. 29 45, 080. 94 93, 167. 27 45, 080. 94 64, 562. 27 37,247. 46 76,978. 09 37,247.46 83,760. 51 48,323.37 99.868.30 48.323. 37 99,814. 77 57,585. 45 119,009. 92 57, 585. 45 12.783. 37 7,375. 02 15,241.71 7.375.02 46,435.53 26,789. 73 55,365. 44 26,789.73 3, 609.42 2.082. 36 4,303. 54 2.082. 36 9,244. 98 5,333. 64 11,022. 86 5,333. 64 33,189. 98 19, 148. 07 39,572. 67 19, 148. 07 14,790. 56 8. 533. 02 17,634. 90 8,533.02 101,585. 12 58,606.80 121,120. 72 58,606.80 99,461.49 57,381.63 118,588.70 57,381.63 27,071.15 15,617. 97 32,277.14 15,617. 97 110,745.02 63,891.36 . $7,326.87 78, 140. 29 45,080.94 93, 167. 27 Minnesota: 1919-20 45,080.94 Q7 947 JA 64,562. 27 1920-21 Supplementary Mississippi: 1919-20 76,978. 09 47,000.00 - Oi } • "±D . " "§7, "247." 46 36,760. 51 48,323.37 3,668. 30 48,323.37 29,814. 77 30,000. 00 96,200. 00 Missouri: 1919-20 Supplementary 70,000. 00 1920-21 Supplementary Montana: 1919-20 70,000.00 $27,585. 45 49, 009. 92 57,585.45 12.783. 37 7,375.02 15,241.71 7,375. 02 1920-21 Nebraska: 1919- 20 Supplementary 1920- 21 26,789.73 26,789.73 $46,435.53 Supplementary 55, 365. 44 Nevada: 1919-20 SlTTYnl Pm Pntc»r\r 3,609.42 2,082. 36 wuppiomcutcu y _ _ 1920-21 Supplementary 4,303. 54 2,082. 36 New Hampshire: 1919-20 Supplementary 9,244.98 5 333. 64 1920-21 Supplementary 11,022.86 New Jersey: 1919-20 Supplftm pn tary 33,189. 98 6, 810. 02 39,572. 67 19, 148. 07 14,790. 56 8,533. 02 17,634. 90 t)4 1920-21 12,338.05 Snn^lPTnPTii'Qrv v-. ____________ New Mexico: 1919-20 SmmlPTnPTltaTTT kJU r r 1 vlUOIl tell V ________ 1920-21 Supplementary New York: 1919- 20 Supplementary 1920- 21 93,135.12 56,750. 00 6,000.00 51,000. 00 99,461.49 . 8, 533. 02 51,000. 00 8,450. 00 1,856. 80 64,120. 72 7, 606. 80 Supplementary North Carolina: 1919-20 Snnnlpmpn+orv 1920-21 30,000. 00 118,588. 70 30,000. 00 27,071.15 . 27,381.63 . SimnlPTYiPTifcirv yj. ldiiciitell V-. _____________ North Dakota: 1919-20 Supplementary 27,381.63 1920-21 SllTVnl Pm pti tet vxr 32,277. 14 9,999. 86 110,745.02 . 15,617. 97 J u r t'l vuiou idi < y_. ______ Ohio: 1919-20 Supplementary 1920^21 5,618.11 . 63, 891. 36 Supplementary 132,042. 14 AQ Qfll Qfi 132,042.14 . Oklahoma: 1919- 20 Supplementary 1920- 21 DOjOUl.oD - 70,441.33 40,639.23 . 70,441.33 . 63,891.36 . ----- 40,639.23 . Supplementary 83, 987. 74 40,639.23 . 83,987.74 |. 40,639.23 . 6 Department Circular UO, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table II. — Sources of offset to Federal Smith-Lever funds, 1919-20 and 1920-21, Federal supplementary extension funds, 1919-20 and 1920-21 — Continued. and State. Oregon: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Pennsylvania: 191.9-20 Supplementary. 1920-21 Supplementary. Rhode Island: 1919- 20 Supplementary . 1920- 21. Supplementary, ith Carolina: South 1919- 20 Supplementary. - 1920- 21 Supplementary. . South Dakota: 1919- 20 Supplementary. . 1920- 21 Supplementary. . Tennessee: 1919- 20 Supplementary. . 1920- 21 Supplementary. . Texas: 1919- 20 Supplementary. . 1920- 21 Supplementary. . Utah: , 1919- 20 ... Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Vermont: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Virginia: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Washington: 1919- 20. Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. West Virginia: 1919- 20 :. Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Wisconsin: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Wyoming: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Total: 1919- 20 Supplementary. 1920- 21 Supplementary. Total. 83,519.1 State. County. 1 College. Local. $19,267.56 $11,115.90 22,972.86 11,115.90 . 57, 500c 00 102,372.91 25,000.00 190,617.70 11,382.30 9-16.03 80,852.07 $545 79 1,127. 96 545.79 67,994.99 39,227.88 81,070.00 39,227.88 26,723. 17 15,417. 21 31,862.24 15,417.21 48.000. 00 1,000. 00 47.000. 00 43,871.05 37,865.00 62,538.56 53,002.53 155,868.55 89,924. 16 185,843.27 89,924.16 10,559.18 6,091.83 12,589.79 6,091.83 9,852.97 ‘ 5,684. 40 11,747.77 5,684.40 83,511.84 48,179.91 99,571.81 32,119.94 28,263. 98 16,059.97 16,306. 14 33,699. 36 16,306. 14 4,490.00 47,820.81 30,179. 31 30,000.00 32,370. 58 30,179.31 70,048.27 30,412.46 13,935. 22 10,000.00 i 69,583.87 , 40,412.46 l 5,413.20 i 3,123.00 1 6,454.20 1 3,123.00 ) 2,328,948.25 1 368,134.94 > 2,560,255.95 ) 334,779.43 185,676.70 935,916. 48 309,224.17 1,021,295.93 54,885.53 18,086.99 124,917. 66 17.434.95 $30,489.52 96,489.69 105,601.27 126,489.69 Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921. 7 Table III . — Sources of funds for cooperative agricultural extension work , 1919-20 and 1920-21. State. Alabama: 1919 - 20 ... 1920 - 21 ... Arizona: 1919 - 20 ... 1920 - 21 ... Arkansas: 1919 - 20 ... 1920 - 21 ... California: 1919 - 20 ... 1920 - 21 ... Colorado: 1919 - 20 ..., 1920 - 21 ..., Connecticut: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Delaware: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Florida: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Georgia: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Idaho: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Illinois: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Indiana: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Iowa: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Kansas: 1919 - 20 .... 1920 - 21 .... Kentucky: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Louisiana: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Maine: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Maryland: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Massachusetts: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Michigan: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Minnesota: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 Mississippi: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 United States Department ol Agricul- ture. Farm ers’ coop- erative dem- on- stra- tion work $ 35,000 35.000 12.300 14. 100 33. 000 33.000 20,400 21.300 21,600 24,600 19,201 19,200 8. 100 6,600 19.000 19. 000 40.000 40,000 20, 100 24,900 Other bu- reaus $ 10,260 3,800 25,000 25,000 14,780 5, 100 2,300 2, 100 7,800 2,700 5, 120 17, 020 6,980 4,050 10,680 13.200 12,000 14. 400 15. 000 10,800 11,466 35.000 35, 000 35,000 35.000 19.200 19.200 15.000 15. 000 22,800 23.400 10,877 11,490 13.200 14, 781 35.000 35,000 7, 450 3,720 7,100 6, 940 5,000 2,200 3,600 12, 931 4,140 1,000 3,700 1,500 5,620 1 , 4. 900 5,280 6.900 2,800 23,360 8,930 Smith-Lever. County . Other. Regular. Supplementary. Federal . State. Federal . State. State and col- lege. $ 103, 13 $ 93 , 13 ] L $ 53 , 73 ( ) $ 53 , 73 ( ) $ 20, 006 ) 121,04 111 , 04 ] L 53 , 73 C ) 53 , 73 C ) 28, 091 ) $600 17, 434 7 , 43*5 t 4,282 > 4.282 1 .... 12, 62 f > 41,115 ► 18 , 86 C 8 , 86 c i 4,282 > 4, 289 $ 38. 711 19, 722 82 , 27 c 72,272 > 41,696 i 41, 696 118, 384 96, 172 86, 172 ! 41,696 i 41, 696 111,854 57,828 47, 828 > 27, 594 27,594 68, 001 120, 000 1 67, 027 57,027 27,594 27, 594 105, 868 116,250 30,768 20,768 11,982 11,982 12, 050 51, 878 34, 762 24, 762 11,982 11,982 10,000 62, 600 2, 400 16,055 6,055 3,493 3,493 43, 420 51, 090 17, 282 17, 219 7,219 3,493 3, 493 93, 754 38,774 15,544 5,544 3, 199 3,199 16,611 6,611 3,199 3,191 11,075 4,706 38, 110 28, 110 16,217 16,217 9,590 51,040 43, 516 33,516 16,217 16,217 1,100 57,390 5, 000 119,085 109,085 62,934 62,934 67, 480 600 140, 063 130,063 62,934 62,934 110, 656 32,500 23, 472 13, 472 7,772 7, 772 109,200 99, 291 26,062 16,062 7,772 7,772 202,201 137,532 4,510 123, 890 113,890 65, 705 65,705 174, 305 145, 791 135, 791 65,705 65,705 8,000 318, 405 92,034 82,034 47,328 47,328 79, 183 13 326 107, 810 97, 810 47,328 47, 328 15, 180 60, 670 44 ’ 100 91,385 81,385 46,953 46,953 40,080 224, 824 187, 450 107, 036 97, 036 46,953 46, 953 : 102,525 168 , 267 : 294, 500 73,074 63,074 36,389 36,389 50,485 46,351 85, 203 75, 203 36,389 36,389 37,018 109, 144 101,382 91,382 52,720 52,720 5,000 1 000 118,956 108,956 52,720 52 , 720 . 5,’ 000 71, 109 61, 109 35,255 35,255 31, 480 82, 861 72,861 35,255 35,255 36,783 3,200 29,016 19,016 10,971 10,971 4 , 300 . 32, 673 22, 673 10,971 10,971 3,940 802 600 43,569 33, 569 19,367 19,367 12,780 41,753 50, 025 40, 025 19,367 19,367 46,593 15,500 22, 700 12, 700 7,327 7,327 60,926 163, 600 25, 142 15, 142 7,327 7,327 83,687 238,800 . 88, 140 78, 140 45,081 45,081 11, 860 93,284 103, 167 93, 167 45,081 45,081 . 48, 999 74,562 64,562 37,247 37,247 63,888 121,283 980 86, 978 76, 978 37,248 37,248 39,022 106, 618 90,980 93,761 83,761 48,323 48,323 . 95, 800 5,400 109,869 99 , 869 ) 48,323 48,323 . 1 40 ! 000 . Total. $ 368, 982 407,041 124, 486 133, 837 404, 102 415,690 369,247 422, 660 163, 328 185, 188 167,789 185,852 35, 586 52,001 183, 404 191, 956 479. 138 586, 130 285, 129 437,491 543, 495 739,397 381,881 435,946 740 , 530 885,210 321,562 393, 012 342,804 373,352 282. 139 305,355 94, 474 101, 830 189, 105 207,377 303, 000 402, 625 377,363 352,265 419, 869 492, 653 433, 728 490,314 8 Department Circular 140, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture Table III. -Sources of funds for cooperative agricultural extension work, 1919-20 and 1920-21 — Continued. Smith-Lever. Regular. Supplementary. Federal. State. Federal. State. $109,815 $99, 815 $57,585 $57,585 . 129,010 119,010 57,585 57,585. 22,783 12,783 7,375 7,375 J 25,242 15,242 7,375 7,375 56, 436 46, 436 26, 790 26, 790 . 65,365 55,365 26, 790 26,790 13,609 3,609 2, 682 2,082 14,303 4,303 2,082 2,082 19,245 9,245 5,334 5,334 21,023 11,023 5,334! 5,334 43,190 33, 190 19,148* 19, 148 49,573 39,573 19, 148 19,148 24,791 14,791 8,533 8,533 27,635 17,635 8,533 8,533 111,585 101,585 58,607 58, 607 131, 121 121,121. 58,607 58,607 109,461 99,461 57,382 57,382 128,589 118,589 57,382 | 57,382 37,071 27,071 15,618 15,618 42,277 32,277 15,618 15,618 120, 745 110,745 63,891 63,891 142,042 132,042 63,891 63,891 80,441 70,441 40,639 40,639 93,988 83,988 40,639 40,639 29,267 19,267 11,116 11,116 32,973 22,973 11,115 169,873 159,873 25,000 25,000 200,618 190,618 92,234 92,234 10,946 946 546 546 11,128 1,128 546 546 77,995 67,995 39,228 39,228 i 91,071 81,071 39,228 39,228 36,723 26,723 15,417 15,417 41,862 31,862 15,417 15,417 i 101,871 91,871 38,865 38,865 i 119,539 109,539 i 53,003 53,003 1 165, 869 155,869 i 89,924 89, 924 1 195,843 185,843 ; 89,924 89,924 1 20,559 10,559 i 6,092 6,092 1 22,589 12,589 i 6,092 6,092 19, 853 9,853 5,684 5,684 21,748 11,748 5,684 5,684 i 93,512 83,512 ^ 48, 180 48, 180 i 109,572 99,572 48,180 48, 180 State. United States Department of Agricul- ture. Farm- ers’ coop- erative dem- on- stra- tion work. Other bu- reaus. State and col- lege. County. Other. Total. Missouri: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Montana: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Nebraska: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Nevada: 1919- 20 1920- 2,1 New Hampshire: 1919- 20 1920- 21 New Jersey: 1919- 20 1920- 21 New Mexico: 1919- 20 1920- 21 New York: 1919- 20 1920- 21 North Carolina: 1919- 20 1920- 21 North Dakota: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Ohio: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Oklahoma: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Oregon: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Pennsylvania: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Rhode Island: 1919- 20 1920- 21 South Carolina: 1919- 20 1920- 21 South Dakota: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Tennessee: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Texas: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Utah: 1919- 20 1920- 21 Vermont: 1919- 20 1920- 21 i Virginia: 1919- 20 1920- 21 $10, 800 10, 800 24,600 24, 600 12, 000 11.400 10,500 11, 100 16, 250 19,200 10,533 15,016 20, 119 22,808 11,700 10,500 35.000 36.000 20.400 25,800 8,400 9,900 34.000 34,000 20.400 23.400 4,260 7,500 7,500 34.000 32,800 20,400 23,220 35.000 35.000 59.000 59, 000 21,600 23,100 18,600 $7,080 1,200 27, 000 3, 420 3,650 4,100 1,500 1,200 3,300 1,805 1.500 3.500 19, 140 20,420 3,000 3.800 1,500 3,860 4, 3,480 4,980 1.800 1,000 32.000 32.0001 $634 $8, 400 1,350 69,585 21,980 26,067 6,279 28,940 160, 780 160,653 134,801 28,000 29,000 40,356 37,959 75.000 94,500 42,750 80,505 3,900 12,600 36,440 38, 162 70.000 77,700 51,391 60,737 297,226 384,781 51,518 82,4501 ' 62,819 81,782 17,604 17,700 59,384' 62,597 4,300 45,881 11 100,000 “ 93,340 1,200 38,065 64, 100 750 6,116 7,300 7.000 35,584 33,583 2.000 3,000 10,930 13,180 48,450 21,913 18,600 20,000 72,920 6,500 8,500 6,200 2,188 13,481 57,820 550 94,538 6,725 81,665 $351,714 376, 540 212,458 247,339 232,456 292,295 54,982 72,537 93,048 100,076 196,073 226,437 177,834 180,601 801,590 970,290 429,344 635, 613 209,597 242,372 X 471,212 518, 122 327,781 418,’ 054 205,631 263.996 386,946 575,773 37,234 35,352 294.997 359,988 251,527 243,026 322,082 383.664 699,644 882,319 160,932 159.664 97,187 101,064 337,670 405,418 Estimated, budget not received. Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921 Table III. — Sources of funds for cooperative agricultural extension work, and 1920-21 — Continued. United States Department Smith-Lever. of Agricul- ture. Regular. Supplementary. State. Farm- ers' coop- erative dem- on- stra- tion work. Other bu- reaus. Federal. State. Federal. State. Washington: 1919-20. . . $21,600 $9,020 $38,264 $28,264 — $16,306 $16,306 1920-21... 25,800 43,699 33,699 16,306 16, 306 West Virginia: 1919-20... 19,000 3,600 62,311 52,311 30,179 30,179 1920-21... 19,000 2,000 72,371 62,371 30,179 30,179 Wisconsin: 1919-20... 8,100 2,000 80,048 70,048 40,412 40,412 1920-21... 10,200 2,000 93,519 83,519 40,412 40,412 Wyoming: 1919-20... 15,900 1,500 15,413 5,413 3,123 3,123 1920-21... 19,500 16,454 6,454 3,123 3,123 Total: 1919-20... 984,780 295,795 3,080,000 2,600,000 1,418,627 1,418,627 1920-21... 1,006, 750^ 174, 497|i 3,580, 000^3, 100, 000^ 1,500,000 1,500,000 State and col- lege. County. Other. $82,738 99,734 $24,482; $20,779 39,000 20,882 39,059 ....... 21,983 25,002 26,134 66,457 57,023 27,060 965,503 2,994,031 496,583 1, 630, 980|3, 727, 031 611,391 9 1919-20 Total. $212,498 260,026 257,418 255,100 283,885 295,064 137,063 132,737 14,253,944 16,830,649 10298°— 20 2 10 Department Circular 1W, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table IV. — Total of funds from all sources for cooperative agricultural State. Ala.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Ariz.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Ark.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Calif.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Colo.: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Conn.: 1919- 20. .. 1920- 21.. Del.: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Fla.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Ga.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Idaho: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. 111 .: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Ind.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Iowa: 1919-20.. 1920 21.. Hans.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Kv.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. La.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Me.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Md.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Mass.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Mich.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Minn.: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Miss.: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Mo.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Mont.: 1919- 20. . 1920- 21.. Nebr.: 1919- 20.. 1920- 21.. Total. Administration. Printing and distribution of publications. County agent. $368,982 $18,800 $3, 800 $186,452 407,041 18,510 4,000 208,310 124,486 9,888 1,240 32,436 133,837 8,744 1,300 35,802 404, 102 26,529 4,046 213,479 415,690 31, 181 6,000 200,965 369, 247 23,500 239,390 422,660 28,300 292,920 163,328 10,370 100,020 185, 188 12,990 1,200 105, 864 167, 789 14,010 1,040 36,280 185,852 20,201 42,300 35,586 52,001 183,404 6,706 14,996 10,205 1,054 12,900 15,720 . 77,470 3,201 191,956 10,540 3,696 91, 137 479, 138 24,800 11,000 215, 898 586, 130 36, 100 10,000 272, 222 285, 129 19,540 3,000 128,580 437,491 31,260 3,600 154,365 543,495 15,995 5,000 404,600 739,397 15,247 4,000 569,250 381,881 16,304 2,500 259,357 435,946 15,755 2,500 302,568 740,530 47,540 13,333 479,227 885,210 30, 100 11,400 589,300 321,562 12,000 1,200 177,524 393,012 16,939 222,550 342,804 31, 151 4,000 145,073 373,352 27,006 6,000 132,036 282, 139 14,520 3,565 151,994 305, 355 19,050 5,000 146,125 94,474 14,903 1,200 47,150 101,830 15,060 800 i 49,590 189,105 24,214 3,500 i 77,993 207,377 24,480 4,500 i 81,667 303,000 21,210 3,900 i 140,840 402,625 18,820 4, 34C • 110,252 377,363 14,390 202,167 352, 265 14,850 3,000 l 169,721 419,869 29,060 3,500 1 278,929 492,653 20,487 6,840 i 349, 20S 433,728 15,080 5, 70C > 220,846 490,314 15,200 7, 500 1 224, 142 351,714 15,400 6,000 ) 171,926 376,540 15,040 6,520 1 202,720 212,458 19,783 1,500 » 100,875 247,339 10,344 3,500 i 132,890 232,456 11,393 2,000 1 147,695 292, 295 15,945 8,880 1 159,440 $91,331 117, 271 12, 243 17,400 125, 208 133,844 62,220 62,588 12,415 13,280 37,767 37,651 7,700 $1,000 l/~~ 7,380 1,500 2,450 67,725 71,261 143,520 185,608 42,420 50,768 74,500 91,200 20,510 23,665 71,954 95,020 34,670 44,863 92,000 108,260 63,628 76,410 15,211 17,090 43,418 54,380 51,210 1,000 8,500 2,900 1,200 8,680 14,993 10,420 4,000 4,600 $8,600 4,930 10, 10 12,241 $4, 080 $1,399 1,700 800 800 2,500 500 95,846 1,395 48,925 3,400 38,912 44,340; 1,620 49,880 940 114,140 3,200 137,042 .... 62,578 49,754 47, 400 39,050 24,225 30,500 6,000 9,300 26,270 27,880 13,655 23, 130 29,230 26,200 5.000 12,650 14,383 7,460 13,940 6.900 50,550 62,059 15.000 27,700 20,460 17,798 25,800 51,500 16,061 23,400 15.900 24,440 10,740 12,450 6,990 7.040 7,600 8.040 27,290 101,114 3S, 850 46,287 15,830 23,260 20,972 29.950 24,180 18,200 6,700 11.950 17,730 26, 120 4,900 3,000 3,900 3 -i gS a $5, 240 3,220 5,400 4,000 4, ' 4, 3,850 $2, 800 4,200 $5,600 3,f~~ $6,500 4,500 4,000 3, ( 8,500 5,250 2,800 2,600 1,550 4,420 3,682 6.500 8, 100 14,460 17,100 6,000 7,100 7.440 12,600 11,600 14,900 5,674 7.600 9,060 13,200 5.900 6,840 2,540 1.850 6,200 3,800 7,180 6, 150 6,535 8.500 2,700 4.850 9,820 11.900 11,880 15.600 2,300 4,350 3,110 3.440 200 2,400 2,700 6,320 7,680 8,300 13,340 3,140 3.400 9.200 9.400 3,521 4,760 2.420 2,720 3.200 3, 100 6,320 5,835 5,835 7,600 4.420 4, S50 9,400 6,600 7,320 7,740 5,200 7,000 10, 180 11,580 14,476 12,200 5,673 6,800 4,600 12,100 8,260 7,040 3,140 3,400 3,500 5,390 6, 718 3,000 3, S00 5,890 8,350 2,000 3,900 2,740 7,140 16,190 12,970 15,230! 11 , 000 ! 7,510 6,940 3,300 4,230 2,980 2,840) Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921 11 extension work for two years ending June 30 , 1921 , by projects. $7, 350 2,550 $8,560 4, 140 $6,090 6,970 he $1,600 1,060 3,400 4,380 3, 190 4,390 3,100 4,750 1,900 4.650 937 3.650 . 25 fe r-H O o a S3 ■2'ftg d C3 o W $4,490 2,900 3,750 2 , 2, 150 gd d’S ■3 2 •c'l bO > ... ) i . $15( 151 1 ) 5 $50, 500 , 50,820 , 8,40C 20, 92C ) . 1 $2,50C ) . 15,167 3,972 5, 168 4,924 6,602 4,000 1,289 1,035 10,810 10,600 12,000 16,400 t t ' 1,500 1,500 1,000 4,200 13,500 3.000 5.000 4,500 4,314 38,911 34,860 * 5,220 8,800 8,100 3,100 $5,340 5,580 $17, 530 20,090 9,960 8, 160 9,311 3,600 4,300 1,380 1,900 6,080 10, 425 7,935 14,800 3,000 4,640 5,090 10,380 3, 595 11,441 1,820 2,400 3, 900 4,750 500 2,400 3,050 5.400 . 21, 470 . 4. 400 8, 440 . 5,500 2,950 2, 400 . 5,200 19, 190 7,016 . 10,000 1,000 700 14, 400 3,608 . 8,500 . 3,700 4,500 6,850 5. 100 4. 100 3,000 2, 900 3,650 700 4,425 11,940 7,700 7,900 7,360 9. 120 18, 750 14,300 5,840 7,150 4. 120 3,500 6,680 7,600 3,900 4,380 3.500 4.500 8,620 7,020 9,250 15, 100 2,260 1, 750 4.700 6.700 8,200 16,080 2,500 2,500 $3,000 3,558 3,720 11,850 3,250 1,400 3, 100 3, 440 4,690 5,065 7,600 18,075 1,490 1,400 8. 150 19,780 3,000 4. 150 2, 400 3,900 3,300 6,630 3,800 11,985 13,785 13,300 1,410 2,340 5,600 10, 750 3,610 4,325 4,760 6,400 5,600 6,840 2,960 3,060 580 780 3,270 2,400 4,950 2,407 4,850 2,500 3,000 5,060 5,780 5,800 3, 120 3, 400 425 4,101 3,700 7,560 5,400 6,800 11,600 14, 800 3, 100 3,600 9,050 9.700 9, 950 10, 770 3, 100 4.700 3,900 6,000 5, 500 5,640 6, 540 10, 100 10, 200 3,200 3,850 3,040 9, 600 300 300 430 2,800 4,325 1, 265 1,900 3,260 3,740 3,480 450 3,000 4,400 7, 700 10,000 3,460 3,690 3,320 7, 7901 4,640 5, 185 3,600 5,200 9, 460 6,898 6,340 4,290 4, 440 3,700 4,200 2,950 4, 3001 12 Department Circular UO, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table IV .—Total of funds from all sources for cooperative agricultural State. Nev.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. H.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. J.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. Mex.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. Y.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. C.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . N. Dak.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . Ohio: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . Okla.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 .. Oreg.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . 1 ll ) i . 9 - 20 . . 1920 - 21 . R. I.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 .. S. C.: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 S. Dak.: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 .. Tcnn.: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 Texas: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 "Utah: 1919 - 20 1920 - 21 .. Vt.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 1 Va.: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 .. Wash.: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 .. W. Va.: 1919 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 .. Wis.: 1910 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 .. Wyo.: 1910 - 20 .. 1920 - 21 .. Total: 1919 - 20 . 1920 - 21 . S'sia $ 54,982 72,537 93,048 100,076 196,073 226,437 177,834 180,601 801,590 970,290 429,344 635,613 209,597 242,372 471,212 518,122 327,781 418,054 205,631 263.996 386,946 575,773 37,234 35,352 294.997 359,988 251,527 243.026 322,082 383.664 699,644 882,319 160,932 159.664 97,187 101.064 337,670 405.418 212,498 260.026 257.418 255, 100 283,885 295.064 137,063 132,737 $ 6,744 7,064 8,341 10, 129 14,748 15,494 15,562 13,291 33,336 28,347 16,665 19,730 20,975 24,385 54,452 47,690 19,986 23,560 20,398 20,772 20,406 23,758 4,778 4,333 24,215 24,340 12,227 12,222 28,650 31,330 34,110 34,390 10,080 12,514 6,577 6,577 26,030 29,630 12,920 18,274 24,601 24,505 16,698 19,005 14,560 11,470 14 , 253,944 16 , 830,649 $800 $ 17,119 300 ; 31,433 1,100 1,600 2,800 2,000 I , 980 3,064 25,130 29,900 10,446 12,725 500 4,250 2,800 8,600 5,296 2,456 3,000 3,000 14,000 8,810 564 648 5,900 4,700 3.000 3,247 9,687 II , 454 11,087 13,460 800 600 500 500 5,238 8,814 2.000 2,000 5,650 6,870 7,500 11,628 2,000 600 914,350 949,955 52,814 49,007 93,741 94,312 110,526 110.050 383,871 452,968 202,775 271,488 112,867 127,765 238,460 248,240 157,943 193,899 105,914 138,224 193.050 276,399 16,496 15,253 95,997 91,250 176,480 158 , 74 r 141,097 151,046 360,110 415,107 83,660 80,500 49,550 51,445 177,568 210,573 96,024 128,100 117,112 107,704 139,957 142,467 57,364 56,603 $ 10,500 15,360 17 , 483 ] 17,320 25,926 43,314 16,292 16,055 152,719 $ 57,991 187,329 55,308 207,057 245,802 94,738 158,090 18,870 24,172 36,841 40,926 103,203 130,800 17,350 25,375 65,020 98,062 6,100 7,498 104,884 128,662 10,480 11,055 91,918 136,144 160,312 191,735 22,570 32,900 24,580 26,562 81,534 95,101 28,833 36,742 37,690 37,700 10,250 20,532 22,374 26,670 $ 13,219 11,080 5,930 14,940 32,439 40,134 24,974 24,936 30,801 74,020 2,700 1,000 1,210 1,210 3,050 3,600 5,000 4,360 4,950 8,060 7 , 429,596 2 , 571,725 8 , 463 , 639 , 3 , 149,647 2,000 2,060 4,100 19,100 9,390 200 143,974 139,293 25.590 33,495 23,200 43, 140 18,183 17,800 26,269 32,025 8,000 12,650 5,600 6,940 7,851 7,870 19,680 23.590 3,580 4,300 4,920 5,150 20,460 19,750 9,405 9,405 9,840 8,380 35,825 36,330 27,630 23,821 7,900 11,820 25,641 28,864 $ 3,900 $6,840 14,240 19,630 12,550 27,770 3,900 7,640 7,4" $4,120 5,100 $ 3,200 3,400 3,580 3,460 5,700 7,650 12,290 16,330 3,700 3,670 831,355 $ 11,780 1 , 103,139 2,600 4,100 4,675 11,750 18,550 10,000 8,833 3,800 4,000 10,866 11,660 16,430 13,500 6,300 7,000 3,650 3,800 9,270 7,947 11,490 12,597 3,540 650 1,700 6,100 7,730 8,050 300 3,975 8,100 17,800 4,950 7, 275 15,100 13,800 1,925 2,125 6,950 7,600 600 600 3,700 7,900 16,489 260,199 9,270 326,424 4,000 2.500 3,917 3,600 5.500 3,508 2 , 7,940 8,960 6,250 4,400 8,000 9,550 18,320 32,380 2,500 12.250 14.250 6,856 8,540 4,628 9,550 3,300 2,600 2,600 6,500 13; 300 6,100 6,080 5,060 5,600 12,600 13,810 3 , 2,160 126,199 276,711 210,862 303,553 1 Estimated, budget not received. Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921 13 extension work for two years ending June 30, 1921, by proj ects— Continued. $3,400 5-3 a a • O t >>® . 3*5 fe r— « 4-i O °qo a S3 to a ag a * O tz grg a 9 3,700 3,805 650 22,800 4,500 3, 100 $3, 240 4,650 89, 100 12, 700 22, 130 17,320 15,040 17,000 11, 280 15, 5, 100 6,400 1,400 19, 740 14, 660 3, 700 5,320 2,100 2,450 4,200 8,775 . 9,050 19, 000 450 7, 100 9,067 3, 5,520 3,856 4,700 1,000 3, 3,400 3,300 4,000 4,720 5,267, 15, 020 17,489 3,468 2, 360 1,450 10, 150 11,879 3,540 3, 700 4,000 4, 975 7,900 10,540 8,950 12,000 3,500 1,650 2,770 $3, 800 3,620 $4,259 $3,600 4,000 $10, 630 16, 730 3,000 3,600 $7, 700 $4, 100 13, 250 2,640 6,300 $9, 530 1,500 3, 560 3, 700 3,500 3,400 4,300 10, 150 16,600 3,050 600 1,000 4,500 5, 300 2,875 . 6,400 4,525 3.200 5.200 2,800 10, 870 1,100 4,000 2,750 8,553 11, 460 3, 540 3,200 12,020 13,820 3,500 4.000 3,500 4, 100 7,166 19, 010 3.000 3,700 4,475 3,700 7,590 $9, 775 20,642 24,890 50, 800 213, 549 60,255 257,1 300 300 9.600 10, 620 3,300 3. 600 8,000 8,000 3,960 5,978 2,400 2, 800 [ 2, 860 3,200) 2,900 1,230 2,050 400 200 1,450 3, 700 4, 000 3, 796 4,000 1,925 2, 125 3, 760 5,320 2 , 6, 100 3, 300 4,870 5, 187, 152 248,042 76, 692 109,519 1, 950 62,987 97, 165 15,250 12,555 9, 690 11, 184 1,500 3, 700 3,075 3,075 2,900 3,600 4, 860 $3, 150 5, 440 22,050 40,010 5,480 15,830 $8,460 3,700 26, 600 4,350 4, 575 j 27,360 28,585 10,000 3, 700 45, 600 6, 916 . 8,360 15,279 11, 747 1 350 75 99,569 122, 124 3,975 151,261 183,268 2,595 7, 699 1,843 145,550 2,900 1,200 2, 600 1,083 1,200 5,400 2,583 2,450 $3,620 3, — 23,595 2,505 5,920 3, 192 27,889 47,694 149,041 200 100 13,480 700 3,850 13,000 17,234 746 4, 375 2, 166 2,400 3,040 62,776 9,640 10,812 3,375 4,230 6,270 400 100 449,640 32,630 39,455 67,000 1,520 1,200 4, 600 2,000 4,586 4,100 $600 21,250 10,480 271, 193 33,890156,140 400 200 67,400 86,480 14 Department Circular 1W, U . S. Dept, of Agriculture Table V. — Funds available for cooperative agricultural extension work, classified by original sources. Source of funds. 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Federal Government: Farmers’ cooperative demonstra- $905,782.00 105,168.40 $900,389.92 165,172.01 $958,333.87 185,893.15 $951,333.82 507,282.95 2,949.072.48 2,068,066.29 Federal Smith- Lever — Emergency Regular. . I 474.934.73 1,077,923.73 1,575,054.38 Total 1,485,885.13 2,143,485.66 2,719,281.40 6,475,755.54 Within the State: State and college — Offset — 497,484. 18 872,733.90 952,114.31 832, 114. 16 1,313,330.47 881,091.25 Other 1,044,270.38 Total 1,044,270.38 1,370,218.08 1,784,228.47 2,194,421.72 County- Offset— 69,226.79 973,251.56 94,556.74 1,258,296.14 215,077.20 1,863,632. 29 Other 780,331.79 Total 780,331.79 1,042,478.35 1,352,852.88 2,078,709.49 Miscellaneous: Offset— 31,212.76 276,786.09 48,383.33 244,873.55 59,658.62 494,219.38 Other 286,748.55 Total 286,748.55 307,998.85 293,256.88 553,878.00 Total within the States 2,111,350.72 3,597,235.85 2,720,695.28 4,864,180.94 3,430,338.23 6,149,619.63 4,827,009.21 11,302,764. 75 Grand total Source of funds. 1918-19 1919-20 1 1920-21 1 Federal Government: Farmers’ cooperative demonstratioi Other bureaus 2 work $966,596.57 935,373.64 4,598,243.13 2,538,828.04 $984,780.00 295,795.00 1,006,750.00 174,497.00 Federal Smith- Lever- Emergency Regular 3,080,000. 00 1,418,627.00 $3,580,000. 00 1,500, 000.00 Supplementary Total 9,039,041.38 5,779,202.00 6,261,247.00 Within the State: State and college — Offset — Smith-Lever 1,586,066.42 2,383,833.78 386,221.93 965,503.00 2,685,173.61 352,214.38 1,630,980.00 Supplementary Other 901,828.49 Total 2,487,894.91 3,735,558. 71 4,668,367.99 County- Offset — Smith -Lever 316,367. 59 185,676.70 935,916.48 2,994,031.00 309,224. 17 1,021,295.93 3,727,031.00 Supplementary _ Other 2,291,209.30 Total 2,607,576.89 4,115,624. 18 5,057,551.10 Miscellaneous: Offset— Smith-Lever 156,394.03 30,489,52 96,489. 69 496,583.00 105,601.27 126,489.69 611,391.00 Supplementary Other 370,653.29 Total 527,047.32 623,562.21 843,481.96 Total within the States 5,622,519.12 14,661,560.50 8,474,745.10 14,253,947.10 10.569.401.05 16.830.648.05 Grand total ^Allotments. Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921. 15 Table VI . — Number of counties with agents. Counties with men agents. Counties with women agents. State. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina . . North Dakota. .. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina . . South Dakota . . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. . . Wisconsin Wyoming Total Agricultu counties. July 1, 1914. July 1, 1915. July 1, 1916. July 1,1917. July 1, 1918. July 1, 1919. July 1,1920. July 1, 1914. July 1, 1915. July 1, 1916. July 1,1917. July 1,1918. July 1,1919. July 1, 1920. 67 67 67 65 62 66 1 65 55 18 IS l 27 ' 28 67 54 32 14 3 6 7 11 11 10 3 ; (j , g 75 4b 52 53 61 68 ; 66 58 15 20 1 31 47 65 ■ 58 ; 42 45 4 11 13 17 33 1 35 35 24 8 ; 10 35 13 13 19 16 29 1 27 24 2 7 3 2 8 1 6 7 8 8 8 8 5 8 6 6 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 54 25 36 33 37 53 47 32 24 27 28 35 54 42 29 152 80 81 83 117 120 ' 134 97 29 48 45 1 57 125 . 93 66 34 2 3 7 11 27 32 34 1 24 4 5 102 14 18 20 22 53 63 81 1 88 17 8 11 92 27 31 32 40 83 76 68 22 5 99 9 11 16 26 97 99 99 96 23 19 105 9 39 56 53 67 53 51 14 8 9 120 28 39 47 45 90 71 53 9 19 24 27 96 74 18 64 41 43 43 42 58 55 41 13 13 18 20 33 32 24 16 3 4 9 16 16 16 14 2 5 23 8 13 16 23 22 23 22 5 6 10 13 22 23 21 13 1 10 9 11 13 13 11 1 6 12 10 9 84 11 17 22 30 71 63 60 1 1 24 13 12 86 27 23 19 16 85 86 82 39 8 8 81 48 49 44 53 79 75 71 33 33 32 49 71 64 53 114 13 15 14 15 71 52 47 48 20 11 41 4 8 7 12 23 24 27 18 11 9 93 5 8 9 8 79 54 39 2 30 10 T 15 6 8 4 6 l 10 1 e 10 1 5 8 9 10 10 9 2 XU 9 0 g D 3 19 4 7 11 10 17 18 18 1 8 5 g 26 8 9 11 25 26 22 11 5 4 57 25 29 36 41 56 55 55 1 3 38 24 22 100 51 64 65 69 91 87 77 27 34 44 48 72 66 59 51 17 15 15 17 38 32 28 2 33 5 4 75 8 10 12 20 63 65 63 1 13 5 0 77 40 56 59 62 77 70 73 19 24 22 23 50 46 40 35 10 12 13 14 24 23 26 15 5 5 67 10 14 22 45 53 40 54 1 48 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 2 45 43 43 42 40 43 45 45 21 24 31 36 44 45 45 66 3 5 11 13 59 36 39 42 3 3 96 36 38 48 57 91 76 45 18 24 31 49 94 77 41 250 98 99 90 92 178 168 127 26 27 38 31 67 69 55 28 8 10 8 15 28 22 21 2 2 14 4 g 14 7 9 11 13 13 13 12 7 5 4 100 53 55 51 53 75 71 57 17 22 25 38 52 36 28 37 7 10 13 22 34 29 32 22 6 8 55 27 29 45 48 48 40 5 10 12 12 33 22 12 71 9 12 13 22 59 41 42 17 4 2 21 6 8 13 15 13 14 5 7 7 ,940 9281, 136: 1,225: 1,436^2,435! 2,247: 2,033 279 350 GO O 537^1,715 : 1,049 784 16 Department Circular 1W, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture Table VII. — Kind and number of extension workers, 1917-1921. Kind of agent. July 1, 1917. Jan. 1, 1918. July 1, 1918. Jan. 1, 1919. July 1, 1919. Jan. 1, 1920. July 1, 1920. Oct. 1, 1920. COUNTY AGENT WORK. South. Directors and State leaders. 29 27 27 26 29 29 29 28 Assistant State leaders and district 55 73 80 73 79 69 62 60 888 1,078 1, 156 1,114 1, 124 916 869 852 Local agents (colored) 66 105 142 148 177 151 158 151 Total 1,038 1,283 1, 405 1,361 1, 409 1, 165 1,118 1,091 Nortlt and West. 33 33 36 31 33 31 31 31 25 26 203 91 78 78 65 60 County agents and assistants 563 1,009 1,357 1, 291 1,288 1, 108 1, 145 1,170 621 1,068 1,596 1,413 1,399 1, 217 1, 241 1,261 United States. 62 60 63 57 62 60 60 59 80 99 283 164 157 147 127 120 1, 451 2,087 105 2,513 142 2,405 148 2,412 177 2,024 2,014 2,022 Local agents (colored) 66 151 158 151 Total 1,659 2, 351 3,001 2,774 2,808 2,382 2,359 2,352 HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK. South. 13 14 14 15 13 15 15 15 Assistant State leaders and district 33 60 57 77 82 73 77 75 513 749 883 722 763 596 564 560 7 71 175 • 134 250 51 74 68 65 83 64 50 City agents (colored) 8 19 15 7 Total 566 967 1,231 1,027 1, 165 735 730 718 North and West. State leaders 7 47 47 34 34 29 28 29 Assistant State leaders 30 47 47 41 43 29 22 County agents 20 307 602 462 433 214 242 248 City agents 57 107 109 101 11 10 11 Total 27 441 803 652 609 297 309 310 United States. State leaders 20 61 61 49 47 44 43 44 Assistant State leaders and district agents 33 90 104 124 123 116 106 97 County agents 533 1,056 1,485 1, 184 1, 196 810 806 808 Lneal agfrnts ("colored! 7 71 175 134 250 51 74 68 City agents 122 190 173 151 11 10 11 City agents (colored) 8 19 15 7 Total 593 1,408 2,034 1, 679 1, 774 1,032 1,039 1,028 BOYS’ AND GIRLS’ CLUB WORK. South. State leaders 24 19 18 21 41 32 40 35 Assistant State leaders 33 County leaders 31 27 67 44 64 21 37 34 Total 55 79 85 65 105 53 77 69 North and West. State leaders 30 28 27 29 23 28 26 29 A ssistant State leaders . 33 68 134 95 89 73 66 57 County leaders 130 270 935 256 469 230 273 257 Total 193 366 1,096 380 581 331 365 343 United States. State leaders 54 47 45 50 64 60 66 64 Assistant State leaders 33 101 134 95 89 73 66 57 County leaders 161 297 1,002 300 533 251 310 291 Total 248 445 1,181 445 686 384 442 412 SUMMARY OF TOTAL. County agent work 1, 659 2,351 1, 408 445 3,001 2,034 2,774 1,679 445 2,808 2,382 2,359 2,352 Home demonstration work 593 1, 774 1,032 1,039 1,028 Boys’ and girls’ club work 248 1,181 686 384 442 412 Grand total 2,500 4,204 6,216 4,898 5,268 3,798 3,840 3,792 Statistics of Cooperative Extension Work, 1920-1921. 17 ACT OF 1914 PROVIDING FOR COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK. [Smith-Lever Act.] AN ACT To provide for cooperative agricultural extension work between the agricultural colleges in the several States receiving the benefits of an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and of acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculture. Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical information on subjects relating to agricultural and home economics, and to encourage the application of the same, there may be inaugurated in connection with the college or colleges in each State now receiving, or which may hereafter receive, the benefits of the act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, entitled “An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts” (Twelfth Statutes at Large, page five hundred and three), and of the act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety (Twenty- sixth Statutes at Large, page four hundred and seventeen and chapter eight hundred and forty-one), agricultural extension work which shall be carried on in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture: Provided, That in any State in which two or more such colleges have been or hereafter may be established the appro- priations hereinafter made to such State shall be administered by such college or colleges as the legislature of such State may direct: Provided further, That, pending the inauguration and development of the cooperative extension work herein author- ized, nothing in this act shall be construed to discontinue either the farm manage- ment work or the farmers’ cooperative demonstration work as now conducted by the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture. Sec. 2. That cooperative agricultural extension work shall consist of the giving of instruction and practical demonstrations in agriculture and home economics to persons not attending or resident in said colleges in the several communities, and imparting to such persons information on said subjects through field demonstrations, publications, and otherwise; and this work shall be carried on in in such manner as may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Agriculture and the State agricultural college or colleges receiving the benefits of this act. Sec. 3. That for the purpose of paying the expenses of said cooperative agricultural extension work and the necessary printing and distributing of information in con- nection with the same, there is permanently appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $480,000 for each year, $10,000 of which shall be paid annually, in the manner hereinafter provided, to each State which shall by action of its legislature assent to the provisions oi this act: Provided, That payment of such installments of the appropriation hereinbefore made as shali become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of the legis- lature meeting next after the passage of this act may, in the absence of prior legislative assent, be made upon the assent of the governor thereof, duly certified to the Secre- tary of the Treasury: Provided. further , That there is also appropriated an additional sum of $600,000 for the fiscal year following that in which the foregoing appropriation first becomes available, and for each year thereafter for seven years a sum exceeding by $500,000 the sum appropriated for each preceding year, and for each year thereafter there is permanently appropriated for each year the sum of $4,100,000 in addition to the sum of $480,000 hereinbefore provided: Provided further , That before the funds herein appropriated shall become available to any college for any fiscal year plans for the work to be carried on under this act shall be submitted by the proper officials of each college and approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. Such additional sums shall be used only for the purposes hereinbefore stated, and shall be allotted annually 18 Department Circular 1W, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. to each State by the Secretary of Agriculture and paid in the manner hereinbefore provided, in the proportion which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural population of all the States as determined by the next preceding Federal census: Provided further, That no payment out of the additional appropriations herein pro- vided shall be made in any year to any State until an equal sum has been appropri- ated for that year by the legislature of such State, or provided by State, county, col- lege, local authority, or individual contributions from within the State, for the main- tenance of the cooperative agricultural extension work provided for in this act. Sec. 4. That the sums hereby appropriated for extension work shall be paid in equal semiannual payments on the first day of January and July of each year by the Secretary of the Treasury upon the warrant of the Secretary of Agriculture, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the treasurer or other officer of the State duly authorized by the laws of the State to receive the same; and such officer shall be required to report to the Secretary of Agriculture, on or before the first day of September of each year, a detailed statement of the amount so received during the previous fiscal year, and of its disbursement, on forms prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Sec. 5. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of any State for the support and maintenance of cooperative agricultural extension work, as provided in this act, shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by said State to which it belongs, and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to said State, and no portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, to the pur- chase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings, or the purchase or rental of land, or in college-course teaching, lectures in colleges, promoting agri- cultural trains, or any other purpose not specified in this act, and not more than five per centum of each annual appropriation shall be applied to the printing and dis- tribution of publications. It shall be the duty of each of said colleges annually, on or before the first day of January, to make to the governor of the State in which it is located a full and detailed report of its operations in the direction of extension work as defined in this act, including a detailed statement of receipts and expenditures from all sources for this purpose, a copy of which report shall be sent to the Secretary of Agriculture and to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. Sec. 6. That on or before the first day of July in each year after the passage of this act the Secretary of Agriculture shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State whether it is entitled to receive its share of the annual appropriation for cooperative agricultural extension work under this act, and the amount which it is entitled to receive. If the Secretary of Agriculture shall with- hold a certificate from any State of its appropriation, the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the President, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the expiration of the Congress next succeeding a session of the legislature of any State from which a certificate has been withheld, in order that the State may, if it should so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of Agriculture. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid, it shall be covered into the Treasury. Sec. 7. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall make* an annual report to Congress of the receipts, expenditures, and results of the cooperative agricultural extension work in all of the States receiving the benefits of this act, and also whether the appro- priation of any State has been withheld, and if so, the reasons therefor. Sec. 8. That Congress may at any time alter, amend or repeal any or all of the provisions of this act. Approved, May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. L., 372) Washington, D. C. January, 1921 Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics United States Department of Agriculture and State Agricultural Colleges Cooperating STATUS AND RESULTS OF HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK NORTHERN AND WESTERN STATES 1919 FLORENCE E. WARD In Charge Extension Work with Women UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 141 Contribution from the States Relations Service A. C. TRUE, Director tiome demonstration agent starting on a field trip WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 Map showing distribution of homo demonstration work in the Northern and Western Slates. HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK IN THE NORTH- ERN AND WESTERN STATES, 1919. CONTENTS. Page. Early development 3 Permanent development 5 Duties of agents 5 Qualifications of agent 6 Equipment for work 7 Place in the extension program 8 How to secure an agent 8 Financing the work 9 Administration and supervision 10 Organization in counties 11 Local programs and leaders 13 Page. Activities 14 Home management 14 Food production 16 Food preservation 16 Food for the family 16 Use of milk and milk products. 18 Home nursing 19 Clothing 19 Improving home surroundings. _ 21 Community enterprises 21 Summary 23 Outlook 24 EARLY DEVELOPMENT. Home demonstration work is one phase of the nation-wide system of extension service carried on by the State agricultural colleges in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture under authority granted by Congress in the cooperative agricultural ex- tension act of May 8, 1914, known as the Smith-Lever Act, and sup- ported jointly by Federal, State, agricultural college, county, and local funds. The following table shows the number of workers employed in the 33 Northern and Western States from 1916 to 1920 and approxi- mately the amount of funds from all sources for home demonstration work : Number of home demonstration workers cooperatively employed June SO each year and total funds appropriated. Item. 1916 1917 1918 1919 Workers 4 $7,383.33 28 $50,042.33 803 $1,270,675 609 $1,593,400 Funds The advent of the home demonstration agents who represent this work in the counties of the 33 Northern and Western States is com- paratively recent. The work actually began in Erie County, N. Y.. in August, 1914, when Miss Mills was appointed home demon- stration agent on State funds. The second appointment was that of 3 4 Department Circular ibl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Miss Gertrude M. MeCheyne, who began work in Box Elder County, Utah, May 1, 1915. Other agents appointed on State funds were Miss Minnie Price, who began work in Hampden County, Mass., in July, 1915, and Miss Eva Benefiel, who was appointed in Kankakee County, 111., in August of the same year. On May 2, 1916, Miss Sarah Pettit was cooperatively employed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the State College of Agriculture of New York to continue the work started some months previously in Erie County. About the same time Miss Kathryn E. Woods was appointed as a home demonstration agent in Sullivan County, N. H. Miss MeCheyne was reappointed in Box Elder County and Mrs. Edith Charlton Salisbury was cooperatively employed in Maricopa County, Ariz. The following agents were also placed during the year 1916: New York, Miss Florence Freer, Otsego County, August 1; Miss May Wells, Cortland County, Sep- tember 1 ; Mrs. Viola Godfrey, Jefferson County, September 1. New Hampshire, Miss Kathleen Calkins, Cheshire County, August 1. Massachusetts, Mrs. Florence Warner, Worcester County, July 1; Miss Margaret Howard, Franklin County, August 1; Miss Elsie Trabue, Barnstable County, October 21. While no definite plan was formulated in the extension depart- ments of the State agricultural colleges for carrying on the work of these women, the underlying purpose which prompted their appoint- ment was the building up and improvement of the rural home along lines similar to those which were being followed in the development of the farm. The specific activities to be undertaken in the counties and how they should be carried on were left largely to the discretion of the home demonstration agents and the local women with whom they were associated. It was logical and reasonable in the minds of the extension directors who made these first appointments that in order to develop the best type of agriculture throughout the States the problems of the farm home should be considered at the same time and on the same basis as those of the farm. During the war there was a rapid increase of home demonstration workers employed in the States expressly to help housewives in their part of the war program. In that period about 800 home demon- stration agents were employed in the Northern and Western States, largely with Federal emergency funds. After the withdrawal of these funds at the close of the war the number of appointments was reduced until at the end of the fiscal year, June 30, 1920, 219 home demonstration agents and 69 State workers were covering 227 counties in the North and West. As this form of extension work becomes better known throughout the country and as its value increases in the life of the rural com- Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work , 1919. 5 munities the home demonstration agent is being looked upon as a permanent factor in the county in which she works. One of the factors underlying the success of this movement in its present state of development is that the work has required the linking together of the practical knowledge of the housewife with the technical knowl- edge of the home demonstration agent and the home economics specialists ; the extent to which this plan is carried out in the com- munities largely determines its permanency. PERMANENT DEVELOPMENT. On June 30, 1917, there were 28 home demonstration agents and on June 30, 1918, there were 803 home demonstration workers, leaders, and agents, cooperatively employed, and working in cities, districts, and counties. On June 30, 1919, the number of home demon- stration workers had decreased to 609. This reduction, due largely to the withdrawal of emergency funds at the close of the war, "’re- sulted in almost complete discontinuance of the work in cities. The lack of support from those counties which had looked upon the work as of a temporary character and had made no efforts toward per- manent local organization also tended to reduce the number of agents. June 30, 1920, found the service with a well-organized force of 286 trained workers employed in the 33 States, on funds available from Federal, State, and local sources, amounting to $747,360.79, of which $97,335 was from United States Department of Agriculture funds and $282,125.72 was voluntarily appropriated by the counties and the farm bureaus, the county appropriations ranging from $500 to $1,500 each. Although the force of workers was in one year re- duced almost one-half and the State and Federal funds were re- duced nearly one-half, the appropriations made by the local people for home demonstration work have almost doubled and every agent is retained in her present location in direct response to requests from the people whom she serves. DUTIES OF HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS. . fundamental purpose of home demonstration work is to as- sist the rural housewife to apply common business principles to her daily tasks for the purpose of making the farm home as efficient as t e farm, thereby producing a more satisfactory and permanent type of rural life. Home demonstration agents afford an avenue by which the State agricultural colleges and the United States Department of Agricul- ture offer the practical results of their research and experiments in iiome economics to the housewives of the county. They also en- 6 Department Circular lkl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. courage the rural housewives to bring from their store of practical knowledge and experience the lessons they have learned in home management that will be valuable to other women in the community, and they help to make this information available to all. The home demonstration agent is a teacher who makes liberal use of the prac- tical demonstration rather than the lecture or textbook. The most successful home demonstration agents aim to train local leaders who, by putting the best practices into their own homes, extend the instruc- tion to larger numbers of women. Fig. 1. — Home demonstration work develops leadership. The agent plays the part of interested spectator while the local poultry project leader, whom she has trained, demonstrates to a group of women interested in poultry improvement how to clean and pack eggs to secure the best prices. The poultry project is among the most popular with farm women since it yields money for home improvements and other needs. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT. The requirements for appointment as a home demonstration agent (in the North and West) vary somewhat in the different States. Graduation from college, or an institution of equivalent standing, is a usual though not an absolute requirement, except in a few of the States. Special training in home economics is required in all cases. Of the 286 home demonstration workers employed coopera- tively on Federal and State funds June 30, 1920, 93 per cent had special training in home economics and 98 per cent had college train- ing. Most of the States require practical experience in housekeep- ing, and a preference is given to the applicant who is familiar with Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 7 rural home conditions. There is no arbitrary age limit, but the rec- ords show that only 3 per cent of the home demonstration agents are under 25 years of age, 36 per cent are between 25 and 30 years, and the largest number, about 61 per cent, are between the ages of 30 and 45 years. As important as it is that the home demonstration agent should know the science of home economics and have had an intimate ex- perience with rural home making, there are certain other qualifica- tions classed under the broad term of “ personality ” that are of equal if not greater importance. The chief qualifications of a success- ful home demonstration agent include tact and good judgment, an abundance of good health, the ability to look on the bright side of things, faith ahd zeal in her mission, poise, and never- failing patience and common sense. EQUIPMENT FOR HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK. The home demonstration agent whose calendar of work is prop- erly outlined plans to spend at least two-thirds of her time with the farm women in their homes discussing the varied problems of house- keeping and of such home industries as gardening, poultry raising, and the like. The majority of the home demonstration agents use .automobiles for travel about the country. A few use the stage, the electric inter- uiban car, or the railroad. In some cases they plan their itinerary to correspond with that of the county agricultural agents so that the two may make their trips to the community in the same auto. The most satisfactory arrangement is for the home demonstration agent to have an automobile for her exclusive use. Home demonstration agents are rarely, if ever, located in counties which do not employ county agricultural agents. With one or two exceptions in States having separate organizations for different lines of extension work, the home demonstration agent shares offices with the county agricultural agent and other extension workers. The home demonstration agent’s equipment varies somewhat with her length of service and the amount of funds available for her local expenses. Generally, however, she has for her personal use the usual office equipment, such as a desk, filing cabinets, camera, demonstra- tion outfit and supplies, and shares the services of the stenographer and the telephone with the other workers. The rule prevailing in most States is that the home demonstration agent shall have at least one regular office day each week during which she can be consulted by any one interested in home demonstration work. A second day in the week is generally set aside for office work, such as regular cor- respondence and the keeping of records. 8 Department Circular lbl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. PLACE OF HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK IN THE EXTENSION PROGRAM. Although home demonstration work is the most recent develop- ment in the agricultural extension plan, it has now a permanent part in the county extension program, and the home demonstration agents have a well-defined function in the extension machinery of the county, State, and Nation. The character of their work is as broad and varied as are the needs of the rural people among whom they work. During the first two years of their service in the counties their first duty as representatives of the State agricultural colleges and United States Department of Agriculture was to extend the teaching of the home economics departments of the agricultural colleges and the United States Department of Agriculture to the home makers and to others who were unable to receive this instruction through regular college channels. The fact that rural women are as a class unused to cooperating in household affairs and have not always been con- scious of their needs, or have failed to express them, may be one reason why a traveler from Maine to California passes so many farm homes in which the housekeeping methods and equipment remain much the same as they were 50 years ago. People very generally are beginning to realize that better and more permanent agriculture requires that the farm home be equipped with modern conveniences and labor-saving appliances quite as much as that there be improved equipment in the barn, better live stock, and more thorough cultivation of the soil. Better health, more equal division between the hours of work and the hours of leisure, the ap- portioning of the farm income to secure a larger share of those things which mean comfort and contentment for the family are among the awakening desires of the rural people and are included in the program of work which farm people are hoping the home demon- stration agent will assist them in carrying out. HOW TO SECURE A HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT. Any county organized for extension work which desires the ap- pointment of a home demonstration agent should first communicate with the extension service at the State agricultural college or with the agricultural agent in the county. In this way assistance in start- ing the work can be obtained from the State leader of home demon- stration agents, or the extension specialist in organization. The requirements to be met by the counties vary somewhat in each State to conform to State laws. Usually an initial step on the part of the local people is to have a petition signed by a certain percentage of the farm women sent to the State college through the farm bureau. Experience has taught that it is not wise to appoint a home demon- Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 9 stration agent in a county until public sentiment favorable lo her service exists among the rural people, and the county commissioners or the board of supervisors are prepared to contribute to her local support. When this time has arrived and the State requirements have been met, the State leader of home demonstration agents or the State director of extension will set about securing an agent who is qualified to meet the requirements of the county. Fig. 2. Home demonstration agents help take the drudgery out of housework The cheerful outlook for the woman behind the dish pan and the step-saving cupboard arrangement were worked out in consultation with the agent of Anderson County Kansas. The man who remodeled this kitchen for his wife has since entirely re- modeled one kitchen and helped remodel several others for interested neighbors. FINANCING HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK. The salary and expenses of the county home demonstration agent are derived from Federal, State, and local sources as follows : ( 1 ) Money appropriated by Congress to the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture for farmers’ cooperative demonstration work. ( 2 ) Money available to the States for cooperative extension work under the provisions of the Smith-Lever Extension Act of 1914. (3) Appropriations by State legislatures usually to State agri- cultural colleges either specifically for home demonstration work or for general extension work. 12498°— 20 2 10 Department Circular ikl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. (4*) Appropriations by county commissioners or boards of super- visors. (5) In a few of the States money is raised through a membership fee in the county farm bureau to assist in defraying some part of the home demonstration agent’s salary or expenses. The average salary of a home demonstration agent in the North and West is $1,545 and the average total county appropriation is $735, the maximum being $1,800 and the minimum $50. There is a wide range of salaries in the various States, the minimum being $1,140 and the maximum $2,500. The contribution from the United States Department of Agriculture does not exceed $600 for a home demonstration agent and $1,500 for a State leader of home demon- stration agents. The appropriation by the State agricultural colleges from Smith-Lever funds at present ranges from $120 to $2,800 annually for the support of work in a county. The increased appro- priation for home demonstration work in the future from any source no doubt will be determined by the development of the work in the counties and the desire of the local people for additional home demonstration agents. The general trend in the financing of this work seems to contemplate an annual appropriation of $1,200 from State and Federal sources, the remaining expenses to be contributed by the farm bureau or other extension organizations in the county. ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION. Home demonstration work is conducted according to the terms of a project agreement arranged between the extension division of the State agricultural college and the States Relations Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. The work in the States is administered by an extension director and is directly supervised by a leader of home demonstration agents and her assistants, Avho are also employees of the State agricultural college and the United States Department of Agriculture. There now exists in the majority of the 33 Northern and Western States a county organization commonly called the “ farm bureau,” through which the various lines of extension work are carried on. For the last two years there has been a definite effort on the part of the State extension divisions to have the home demonstration agents carry on their work through the farm bureaus. In 1917 and until the signing of the armistice there was a pronounced tendency to use the various war organizations rather than the county farm bureau for furthering the home demonstration work, but in preparing to make extension work with women permanent the advisability of connecting it with the other extension activities in the county became apparent. Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work , 1919. H ORGANIZATION FOR WORK IN COUNTIES. The majority of the 33 Northern and Western States have within the last two years adopted what is popularly known as the “ family ” or “ new ” farm bureau. This organization is an association of people interested in rural affairs. Membership in it comprises men, women, and young people. There is generally a uniform member- ship fee of $1 per year. In a few States there is a preference for a family membership fee ranging from $5 to $10. The county execu- tive committee and the community committees of this organization are composed of both men and women. Each of the members of the community committees is appointed primarily to lead a definite line of work. In 22 States some type of farm bureau has been established, in which women share equally with the men the privileges and responsi- bilities of the organization. In three or four States home demon- stration work is carried on by an organized group auxiliary to the farm bureau or independent of it. In New York the organizations are brought together in a “ State Association of Farm and Home Bureaus, ’ and in this State a federation of home bureaus has recently been formed, the first of its kind in the country. In Illinois county extension work is carried on in three county-wide organizations, one of which is the home bureau. In this State county appropriations are made specifically for each line of work ; each bureau conducts its own business and carries out its special program of work. In Cali- fornia the farm bureau is a federation of community groups, termed community centers, and extension work is carried on in departments, one of which is the farm home department. On June 30, 1920, 231 counties were organized for home demon- stration work and had some association with the farm bureau; the membership of women was reported as 78,264. Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and New Hampshire furnish the best examples of the possibilities of the “ family ” or “ new ” farm bureau. In these States the organization is a vital part of the county; the interests of the farm, the home, and the community function through it. This type of organization is proving practical and is bringing about large and far-reaching results in benefiting the farm home and the rural com- munity, and it is believed offers advantages over the type of organiza- tion which segregates the people into groups with separate plans and separate aims. An obstacle in the development of the “ family ” type of farm bureau, however, has been that farm women, owing to inexperience m public matters, hesitate at first to express their opinions and de- sires on county and community executive boards, with the result that the home problems are frequently not adequately represented on 12 Department Circular ikl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. the program of work. These difficulties rarely continue through the second year of organization and are generally overcome by time, patience, and the abiding faith of the home demonstration agent who believes that home and family are common interests with both men and women and that the problems of health, efficiency, and comfort are more effectively solved when considered and worked out together. Such problems of the farip. home as water supply, sewage disposal, heating, lighting, ventilating, and household conveniences are best handled where the men and women are working them out together. When functioning fully the farm bureau promotes four outstand- ing features in the interests of the rural home: First, a definite pro- Fig. 3. — Extension work capitalizes the instinct of imitation. Home demonstration agents arrange “ farm home tours ” so that men and women may study the best the county affords in household equipment, kitchen arrangement, house furnishing, and the planting of the home grounds. At each home visited the host and hostess explain the special feature of interest an4 discuss cost and value. Specialists from, the college frequently contribute to the educational features of the tour. gram of work formulated by the local people after a study of home and community problems, in which they are assisted by the agricul- tural and home demonstration agents and the specialists in agricul- ture and home economics provided by the State college of agricul- ture ; second, local people, selected because of their interest and fitness to lead in special lines of work ; third, demonstrations in the home by the housewives of definite principles of home management for the purpose of multiplying the services of the agent; and fourth, the checking of results of projects and demonstrations which are being carried on and noting the influence of these demonstrations as it spreads from community to community. Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 13 MAKING COUNTY AND COMMUNITY PROGRAMS AND DEVELOP- ING LOCAL LEADERS. The general plan throughout the Northern and Western States has been to build the county farm bureau program from programs worked out in the various communities. While this phase of exten- sion work is yet in its infancy, 5,619 communities reported the adop- tion of home projects for 1919. Some of the counties which have adopted a program of work to include home activities are yet with- out home demonstration agents. In these units the women have organized local committees, appointed local leaders, and with the assistance of the county agricultural agent, the State leader of home demonstration agents, and specialists from the agricultural college they are carrying on demonstrations among themselves until such time as local funds are available to employ home demonstration agents. W lien a home demonstration agent begins work in a county under the auspices of the farm bureau, or other extension organization, she consults first with the leaders of the home activities on the county executive board, if such activities have been adopted. These leaders are usuaHy influential women in the county who have the interests of the home and the community at heart. From these leaders she hopes to obtain information regarding the problems which have been selected for general work throughout the county. Tne specific lines of work to be followed are usually selected by (fie communities in consultation with the home demonstration agent. The methods of securing these community programs vary, but ex- perience has taught that the local interest is more genuine and on the whole results are more satisfactory when a small group of in- terested men and women of the community meet with the home demonstration agent and the county agricultural agent to talk over tne immediate farm and home problems and their relation to the community. Informal discussion of the sources of income from the farm and community, and of the chief activities of the women m the home, generally elicits information regarding the' important ines of work to be undertaken and also suggests local people qualified to act as volunteer leaders in the program of work. This informal meeting is followed by a conference between the home demonstration agent and the women who have been chosen to lead the home activi- ties in the community and together they work out a plan of what is to be done, what demonstrations are to be given, when and where and m what homes certain definite things will be demonstrated by munit° USeW1VeS ° W theiF ValUe and P racticabilit y ^ the com- Finding these local leaders and the women who will act as demon- strators in their homes, m other words, developing local leadership, 14 Department Circular Ul, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. and assisting the women to discover their latent ability, is the home demonstration agent’s most important work. The more earnestly she performs this duty, and the more successful she is in develop- ing in the local people a capacity for leadership, the more successful and permanent will home demonstration work become in the county. The value of local leadership in promoting home demonstration work has only been foreshadowed. As a means of reaching many people whom the agent single handed could never hope to serve, this local leadership has unlimited possibilities. The popular demonstrations of cooking and sewing, common in former years, have been largely abandoned by home demonstration agents. The most successful demonstrations that were held in 1919 were those in which the home demonstration agent met a small group of women, sometimes in a farm home, on other occasions in the com- munity meeting place, and discussed with them certain phases of home making. These small meetings have proved the most efficient means of extending the influence of the lesson to be taught. They are the initial step in the demonstration. The second and more im- portant step is taken when these women return to their homes and put the teachings of the home demonstration agent to practical test. The third step which completes the demonstration is taken when the teachings of the home demonstration agent become the usual prac- tice in the homes of the community. ACTIVITIES DIRECTED BY HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS. Among the special lines of work that were generally carried on throughout the North and West in 1919 were various phases of home management, the production and preservation of food, the planning of meals, care of children, home care of the sick, making and remodel- ing clothing, improving home surroundings, and various community enterprises. The reported results in these lines are creditable, but at best they are an inadequate measure of the value of the work which has been accomplished. There are indirect and. intangible benefits accruing from each one of them which are often of greater value in the com- munities than those that can be expressed. HOME MANAGEMENT AND CONVENIENCES. Because of the rise in prices of all kinds of household commodities and the decrease in the purchasing power of the dollar, interest in the business side of housekeeping Avas intensified among rural home makers. As a result, under the influence and guidance of the home demonstration agent, 166 counties in 28 States of the North and West included some phase of home management in their programs of work. Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 15 The greatest interest on the part of the local women seems to center on more and better labor-saving equipment and better arranged kitchens. Home demonstration agents report that last year the kitchens in 1,169 farm homes were rearranged, 659 washing machines were purchased, and 1,452 pressure and steam cookers were bought ILtVT ST dem0n f ration agents train housewives to become efficient purchasin ; " \ The Pf sent era of high prices puts a premium on modern business method methorU^arwi H °™?* old UntS ’ ri S h «y ke Pt’ r ^eal losses due to unwise purchasin methods and make it possible to work out a budget to guide future expenditures Th household accounts project has helped hundreds of families to materially reduc expenses. to lighten the labor of cooking. In 473 rural homes water systems were installed, nearly one-half the number being in New York State. Excellent results from this kind of work are also reported from Illinois, Missouri, and Colorado. In 33 counties in 22 States household accounting formed an im- portant part of the home program. In Massachusetts 700 account books were distributed to housewives who requested them from the 16 Department Circular lkl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. home demonstration agents, and in Utah 209 women made a sys- tematic study of budgets and accounts throughout the year. FOOD PRODUCTION. As a result of the effort to increase the home production of food- stuffs, 31,460 gardens were planted in 1919, the products from which were valued at $421,911. The most striking examples of interest in this line of work were reported from some of the desert sections in the West, where, before the advent of the home demonstration agent and the county agricultural agent, home gardens were rarely found. In almost every State some phase of poultry work was conducted, such as culling the farm home flock, securing better stock, feeding and care of poultry, and grading and packing eggs. In this work 3,212 flocks were culled, eliminating 107,445 nonlaying hens, thereby lessening the cost of egg production by $102,815 and thus increasing the farm woman’s profits. Goat raising and apiculture for women were included in the home demonstration agent’s program last year. FOOD PRESERVATION. Reports for 1919 show a decrease in food preservation in com- munity canneries, but as a home industry it was probably carried on as extensively as during the war. The reports made by the home demonstration agents in 1919 in many instances do not include the individual work of the local women but are generally limited to products that were preserved as a direct result of the agent’s instruction and to some extent under her supervision. The results reported are 1,894,099 quarts of canned fruits and vegetables, 443,621 quarts of jams and jellies, and 386,989 pounds of dried fruits and vegetables, of an estimated total value of $873,084. A phase of food preservation in the home which can be directly traced to the work of the home demonstration agent is that of canning meat, poultry, and fish, which is reported from 26 States. Reports show’ that 63,989 quarts of poultry, 55,047 quarts of beef, and 25,676 quarts of pork of an estimated value of $117,349, were canned in 1919. Other meats such as sausage, game, and fish amounting to 136,618 pounds and of an estimated value of $40,448 were preserved for home use. The value of eggs preserved and sold is estimated at $346,396. FOOD FOR THE FAMILY. This phase of home demonstration work has been reported vari- ously under the title of food selection and meal planning, child wel- fare, child feeding, hot school lunch, and milk campaigns. As a Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 17 rule the work has taken the form of a county-wide farm bureau project and has required cooperation with State, county, and local doctors and nurses, also with existing health and child welfare organ- izations, as well as with the school system. The program includes the weighing, measuring, and physical examination of children of pre-school age and of school children at their respective schools or in groups. Follow-up work is carried on with the assistance of indi- vidual home demonstrators, in nutrition classes, and in milk lunch groups at schools. One State reports 233 communities adopting work of this kind in 1919, carrying it. out with the assistance of 168 local leaders Hot lunches were established in 2,386 schools in 169 counties. More and better milk was introduced in the diet of children. The total number ' * ' " Js' m 1 r ■Mil : * '■ - ' ■•'trri - ' , L ■ Pl th„ 5 T HOme , q — The agent’s training in dietetics makes her a reliable guide in problems of child feeding. Mothers who find their children underweight are eager to learn whether they are giving them the right food. The picture shows a visit of supervision to a mother who has enrolled her boy for a child feeding demonstration. an increased use of milk and milk products in the home or school, and (2) the home manufacture of milk products. In order to encourage the greater use of milk and milk products, the home demonstration agent has taken part in establishing milk stations, conducting milk campaigns, introducing milk lunches in schools, and giving milk- feeding demonstrations. To increase home production of milk products; the home demonstration agent taught the making and use of cottage cheese and the making of Cheddar and goat’s milk cheese. The interest in this line of work is steadily Increasing. Plans for 1920 indicate more intensive work in milk campaigns and milk-feed- ing demonstrations in both the home and the school. Two economic problems are closely connected with this work, that of the laige Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 19 surplus of milk in certain districts of the country during certain seasons of the year, and the lack of a sufficient and clean milk supply in other localities. In connection with this work 635 local women were given special training in home butter and cheese making. Cottage and other cheeses were made in the home to the amount of 395,718 pounds, valued at $69,035. As a direct result of the home demonstration work showing the value of milk and butter as food, the total increase in the home use of milk reported from 12 States was 1,049,015 quarts and of butter 1,028,644 pounds. HOME NURSING. More than 3,500 talks and demonstrations were given in 1919 on strictly health subjects by the home demonstration agents, who also made about 2,000 visits to homes where instruction in the home care of sick was required. The epidemic of influenza during the winter of 1918-19 stimulated an interest in the rudiments of home care of the sick. As a result 202 counties reported definite programs in home nursing, personal hygiene, and sanitation in 1919. Home demonstration agents gave instruction to 31,729 families in home care of the sick, and 16,000 families laid in emergency supplies. Idaho reported in 1919 that the county nurse was a member of the farm bureau staff, so that three counties in the State had home health nurses supervised from the extension office in the agricultural college by the State home health specialist, who was a registered nurse. In several of the States employing registered nurses as home health specialists on the State extension staff, emphasis is being placed on prenatal care, with the result that the local health leaders in certain sections are sending into the home demonstration agents the names of women in their communities who need information on this subject. Massachusetts reported that home demonstration agents had coop- erated with the State department of health under the guidance of one of its woman physicians as general leader of the health project. Each home demonstration agent in developing her work in the health project consulted with the department’s physician and registered nurse in her respective health district. In five counties in Massa- chusetts the farm bureau was instrumental in securing needed dental clinics m isolated rural communities. In Worcester County the farm bureau purchased a dentist’s chair and part of the necessary dental equipment, the purpose being to provide a means of caring for the children’s teeth. CLOTHING. Demonstration work in garment making and remodeling was con- ducted in practically all of the 33 Northern and Western States. It 20 Department Circular Ui, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . was carried out in three lines: (1) Conservation of wool and cotton materials as a war service (this was continued as a thrift measure and included the remodeling and renovating of garments) ; (2) gar- ment making, including the making of dress forms, alteration of com- mercial patterns, and the making and fitting of adults’ and children’s garments; and (3) the establishment of salvage shops for the re- modeling and renovating of garments. The clothing work affords a striking example of the assistance that can be rendered by the local women. In a number of States it is largely due to the effort of the local women that the work has been Fig. 7 . — Extension work with clothing is helpful and popular. A survey of 10,000 farm homes shows 75 per cent of farm housewives making a generous share of the family clothing. Clothing schools like the one pictured above have proved that the clothing specialist and the home demonstration agent can give the home dressmaker a grasp of the principles of clothing construction and a mastery of professional short cuts that save time, money, and worry. so generally effective. Massachusetts is a conspicuous example of the growing tendency to use the skill and experience of local women in extending the instruction given by clothing specialists and home demonstration agents. In this State local leaders trained by the specialist and agents have extended practical assistance much further than could have been done by any other method. Lessons in milli- nery were given in the same way. This piece of extension work and the results obtained from it have met a long-felt want in rural communities, where the problem of suitable clothing for the housewife and members of her family has been serious for years. Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 21 IMPROVING HOME AND COMMUNITY SURROUNDINGS. This work is in its infancy. Interest in this project began im- mediately after the close of the war, and some initial efforts on its various phases were started in 1919. Tree planting developed sufficiently to prove that people every- where are becoming conscious of the desire for beauty in surround- ings. Some phases of the project undertaken included tree plant- ing, especially in arid regions, improvement of public camping grounds, planting of flowers and shrubs, and the improvement of school buildings. In one county, in Colorado, 11 communities placed tree growing on their program of work, and approximately 2,000 trees were ordered through the farm bureau. A New Mexico county adopted rose planting for the beautifying of home grounds as a project. COMMUNITY ENTERPRISES, During 1918 the home demonstration agent was often the chief worker in community enterprises, which frequently included cam- paigns for the preservation and conservation of food and for other emergency purposes, but in 1919 she was principally the organizer and her office a clearing house for ideas regarding the work. Some of the activities which were instituted as wartime measures are now permanent, and have become an economic factor in the community. The home demonstration agent has been instrumental in crystallizing the sentiment of the community into definite plans based on actual needs, and has assisted in organizing the available talent for carrying on these local enterprises. Three types of community enterprises were developed during the year: (1) Economic, including food preservation, the hot school lunch, cooperative laundries, cooperative buying and selling asso- ciations, labor-saving devices, and salvage shops; (2) social, includ- ing recreation centers, civic improvements, and rest rooms; and (3) educational, such as farm home tours, libraries, and magazine circles. Special interest was shown in those community enterprises which represent an awakened social consciousness, as indicated by the estab- lishment of rest rooms, circulating libraries, magazine centers, study tours, public playgrounds, public markets, cooperative laundries. Im- proving the school lunch was undertaken as a community project in every State. State reports show this work to be progressing so satisfactorily that during 1920 it will be continued by local people with less need for aid from the home demonstration agent in creat- ing interest in it. Out of the 462 food preservation and demonstration centers which were established during the war, 195 were in operation last vear 22 Department Circular lkl, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. and have been reorganized on permanent plans. The volunteer man- agement of the war period has been replaced by a paid manager and assistants and the enterprise has been put on a business basis. Community canning and curing of meat, fish, poultry, and game as well as the canning of vegetables and fruits will be concentrated in these centers in many localities. Several ventures in establishing curb markets by the local women under the direction of the home demonstration agents were started in 1918, but one general market in California and a poultry market Fig. 8. — Home demonstration agents have been pioneers in introducing the hot school lunch. Records for demonstration groups of rural school children prove that serving a hot dish to supplement the cold lunch brought from home results in increased weight, better spirits, and improved school records. Special emphasis is laid on the use of milk. The work takes little time, the children enjoy it, and the picture shows that the equipment may be very inexpensive. in Nebraska seem to give the most promising indications of per- manency. Clean-up campaigns aided by home demonstration agents have borne fruit in a general realization that civic improvement is the responsibility of all the people, and landscape gardening for school and church grounds, improvement of school buildings, public toilets, and waiting stations; and the planting of trees, flowers, and shrubs are other civic expressions of the purpose and influence of the com- munity enterprises fostered by the home demonstration agents. Sixty-eight cooperative buying and selling associations, with a membership of 12,905, and conducting a business valued at $45,927. were formed during the year 1919 ; 191 salvage shops were opened Status and Results of Home Demonstration Work, 1919. 23 and 58 community rest rooms furnished for the convenience of the local people, and 96 recreation centers were established. SUMMARY. Benefits accruing from educational work are difficult to determine, and this is particularly true when the education deals with habits of living and the ordinary practices of daily work. Intangible influence is often much greater than that which can be summarized or tabu- lated. Owing to the newness of the work and the inexperience of the workers in following up demonstrations, the reports of home demonstration work last year by no means tell the story of achieve- ment. Some of the leading lines and results of home demonstration work in 1919 are summarized in the following tables: Projects and their distribution, by States , in 1919. States. Home man- age- ment. House plan- ning. Food pro- duc- tion. Food pres- erva- tion. Nutri- tion. I^ealth and child care. Cloth- ing. Com- munity enter- prises. j Total. 1 Arizona X v X X X V X X California X x v A V X 7 Colorado A X X A x X v X X X ;• 8 Connecticut X x X A X A v X v X X X 7 Delaware A V X . 8 A A X X 5 Idaho X x X v v X X Illinois x A v A v X X X 8 Indiana x x A v A v X X X X 8 Iowa x A v A v X X X 8 Kansas x A v A X X X X X 1 A X X X X Maine x X X X Massachusetts x V ....... X . X X fi Michigan X X x v A V X X Minnesota A v A v X X X X X X X X * Missouri A v A V X X A A X X 7 Montana X X x X x v X v X X Nebraska A v X 7 Nevada x v A V A X x X 6 New Hampshire x A X A X X X X X X X X 8 New Jersey X X X 6 X X x New Mexico X ' X X X X X \s X New York x X X X X 7 North Dakota x v X X x 1 6 Ohio x A v X X X 7 Oregon x x 1 A X X X X X X 7 X X X 6 Pennsylvania 1 nuuue ±Md*IlCl South Dakota X . x V v X X X X 3 Utah a A X* x 1 x v V X X X X Vermont x A A x X v X X X 8 Washington X x A X X x X 6 Wisconsin X X X X 3 W voming X X X X X X 0 Total 31 11 23 30 31 24 32 | 30 212 1 No counties with a permanent home demonstration agent. 24 Department Circular 1M, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Some results of extension work with women, 1919. Kind and extent of work. Estimated value. Gardens planted 31,460 Estimated value of produce from gardens Poultry flocks culled 3, 212 Nonlaying hens eliminated 107,445 Estimated value of eggs preserved and sold Localleaders trained in butter and cheese making Cottage and other cheeses made pounds. . 395, 718 Estimated value of cheeses , Fruitsand vegetables canned quarts. . 1,894, 099 Jellies and jams made do 443, 621 Dried fruits and vegetables pounds. . 386, 989 Brined vegetables quarts. . 76, 389 Estimated value of preserved fruits and vegetables . Poultry canned quarts. . 63, 989 Beefcinned do 55,047 Pork canned do.... 25,676 Estimated value of canned meats Por smoked or pickled pounds. . 440, 948 Game and i sh preserved do 136, 618 Hotlunchesestablishedin schools 2,386 N umber of children reached through hot school lunch 60, 022 Number of children showing marked improvement as result of hot school lunch... 5,223 Counties adopting home nursing project 202 Familiesreceivinginstructionin home nursing 31, 729 Counties adopting home convenience project 166 Washing machines purchased 659 Fireless cookers pur chased 3,623 Driers purchased for home drying 594 Power machinery purchased for home use, number pieces 428 Water systemsinstailed 473 Rearranged kitchens 1,169] Garments made or remodeled 45, 592 Estimated savingin clothing Families keeping expense records 6, 427 Families adopting a budget system 1, 260 Community kitchens established 225 Cooperative buying and selling associations established 68 Membership in cooperative associations 12, 905 Estimated value of cooperative business Salvage shops opened 191 Community rest rooms opened 58 Recreation centers established 96 $421, .911 346, 396 635 69, 035 873, 084 107,349 116, 136 40, 448 280,036 45,927 The data given in these tables show the few lines of work that can be tabulated. In securing these results and others not reported, the home demonstration agents visited during the year 74,588 women, while 117,073 people called at the home demonstration agents’ offices on matters relating to home demonstration work. Fifty-three thou- sand eight hundred and twelve meetings and demonstrations were held under the direction of the home demonstration agents, attended by 2,038,779 people, and 2,549 boys’ and girls’ clubs were organized with a membership of 2,619 boys and 21,333 girls. The home demon- stration agents sent out 463,476 letters, not including circulars, wrote 20,369 articles for the use of local leaders, and distributed bulletins and leaflets as follows: Publications of United States Department of Agriculture 966,360, of the State college of agriculture 610,903, issued by other agencies 388,436. The total number of people reached through the activities of the home demonstration agent is reported as 2,132,699. OUTLOOK. It is safe to state that the fiscal year just passed marks the real hesrinninir in the Northern and Western States of organized home demonstration work on a broad, permanent basis, conforming to the Status and Results of Home, Demonstration Work, 1919. 25 idea of community self-determination and leadership. This work, which began with State- wide propaganda of college ideals in home economics and which often disregarded individual and community initiative, has now crystalized into plans made and carried out home makers themselves who are assisted and* guided by home demonstration agents and such specialists as the agricultural college is able to supply. Thus, from the overhead type of organization with the few assuming the responsibility and deriving the benefits, the trend is toward an ideal partnership between the scientific worker and the housewives whom she serves. Extension workers have as yet but glimpsed the possibilities of home demonstration work as a means of discovering and developing latent leadership and power, and of stimulating in the women of the country the habit of observing and analyzing home and community conditions with a view to taking organized action to change these conditions so that there may be developed a richer and more satisfy- ing country life. The future is full of promise. Successful work seems more certain in counties where a concentrated program has been followed. There is still a tendency in some sections to continue the form of extension work which calls for a program largely presented by paid workers. There aie, however, a sufficient number of States which are following the modern plan of extension work requiring the cooperation and experience of the local women to prove that it is the way to perma- nence and success. Many of the agents are coming to realize that intensive work on not more than two projects which fit some im- mediate. need of the people has effected more definite results and gained a stronger and more liberal support from the local people than is possible when a larger program is attempted. On June 30, 1920, there was a considerable increase in the number o counties which had opened their doors to admit women members to the county extension organization and include the home projects m their programs of work. In counties where this was done. the results have been gratifying not only in the development of home demonstration work, but in strengthening the extension organization and extending its usefulness. As one looks back to 1916 and realizes the amount of money and eiiort that has been expended upon this work the development seems comparatively small, yet to-day, with less than 300 home demonstration agents, 50 per cent of whom have been in the service less than a year, we have probably reached the highest level vet attained in extension work witli rural women, and the stability and permanency of this work seem assured because of the support and cooperation of the rural people, based on the conviction that it increases home efficiency and improves rural life. o TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION UNDER THE ACCREDITED-HERD PLAN HERD LIST No. 3 LIST OF HERDS, ALL BREEDS, OFFICIALLY ACCREDITED AS FREE FROM TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION DIVISION J. A. KIERNAN, Chief UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 142 Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief \V ashington, D. C. Revised to June 30, 1920 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1910 ONTROL with a view to the eventual eradication of tuberculosis in cattle is being accomplished by sys- tematic efforts of Federal and State authorities in coopera- tion with cattle breeders’ associations and herd owners. A definite plan was adopted in 1917 whereby herds of cattle passing the prescribed number of official tuberculin tests should be certified or accredited as free from tuber- culosis. An accredited herd is one that has successfully passed two annual or three semiannual tuberculin tests applied by regularly employed veterinary inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry or of the State where cooperative work is conducted, and has otherwise complied with the regulations governing the work. The following list shows herds accredited to date. If the status of any of the accredited herds on this list is changed, prompt notice of the fact will be furnished to the officials of the various States. The different breeds of cattle, the names of the owners, and States where the herds are located are arranged in alphabetical order. A number of summary lists are also included. Additional lists will be published from time to time. For information on herds which have been tested once and found to be free from tuberculosis, apply to the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agri- culture, stating the breed or breeds in which you are interested. 2 TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION UNDER THE ACCREDITED-HERD PLAN. HERD LIST NO. 3. CONTENTS. Page. 1. List of accredited herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States where located 4 Aberdeen Angus 4 Ayrshire 5 Brown Swiss 6 Devon Dutch Belted Galloway Guernsey Hereford 14 Pol led Hereford 17 Holstein- Friesian 17 Jersey , 29 Red Polled 40 Shorthorn 41 Milking Shorthorn 46 Polled Shorthorn •. 46 2. Summary list, by States, of accredited and tested herds of less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle. 47 3. Summary list, by breeds, of accredited and once-tested herds of less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle. _ . 48 4. Total number, by States, of accredited and once-tested cattle 48 5 . Total number, by breeds, of accredited and once- tested cattle 49 6. Summary list, by States, of additional herds under supervision but containing one or more re- actors 49 Record of Progress in Accredited-Herd Work 52 In the following lists the herds under the heading ‘‘Accredited ” are those accredited by the State officials and the United States Department of Agriculture as free from tuberculosis. Those in the tables under the heading “Once tested without reactors * have passed successfully one official tuberculin test. This publication contains the names and addresses of owners of accredited herds of 5 or more purebred cattle or 10 or more grades. A tabulation of the smaller herds appears on page 47. For supple- mentary lists of once-tested herds, apply to the Bureau of Animal Industry, Wash- ington, D. C. A large number of other herds have been tested officially, but as one or more re- acting or suspected animals were found in each of them, such herds do not appear except as tabulated on page 49. 3 4 Department Cir. ik2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture 1. LIST OF ACCREDITED HERDS OF NOT LESS THAN 5 PUREBRED OR 10 GRADE CATTLE, SHOWING OWNERS, BREEDS, AND STATES WHERE LOCATED. ABERDEEN ANGUS. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade c ttle. ALABAMA. French, H. L 13 10 Raney Bros 31 1 ARKANSAS. Dalton, E Pocahontas . . . 38 Mebane Bros 19 3 Mebane & Son, W. W do 17 1 INDIANA. Hewitt, Raymond West Terre Haute. . . 7 5 Learning, G”. C Romney. . . . 18 2 Peebles, “A. D Darlington 11 2 Pruesner, Wm. F 11 9 Purdue University La Fayette 108 7 Shonkwiler, Elmer Raub. 8 3 KANSAS. Hedstrom, Emil Lost Springs 44 KENTUCKY. Cave, J. T Bard well 9 Cunningham 31 Hardinsburg 8 7 Bardwell 29 6 Smithfield 29 15 MASSACHUSETTS. Watson, John B Becket, R. R 16 MINNESOTA. Anderson, W. J Winnebago, R. 3 27 2 Campbell Bros Utica 52 25 Campbell, Wallace .do 42 2 Cocker, N. R. & W. J.. Lanesboro 16 8 Emmons, H. H... Emmons 30 5 Keeler, R. W. Chokio 39 6 McCarville, D . F Slayton 21 3 Messer, B. P., & Son Huntley 11 13 Mever, Wm . . Blue Earth 14 8 Milne, John .. Canton 22 4 Olson, J 0 Nelson 29 2 Peters, C A Freeborn 4 40 Purvis Geo E Eyota 40 Riddell G H Balat on 11 8 Roberts, D R Russell 12 5 Ry an q a Canton 19 3 Thompson G C Fairmont 19 6 Thorsen Olaf Peterson, R. 2 44 8 Will ford M C Canton 15 5 MISSISSIPPI. Dunn T F Hazlehurst 27 cmnlin ftt.ncV Farm Sardis 190 IViCtgllGliCl O IULJV J- (XL 1U. - - NEBRASKA. Amsberry J A Mason City 90 Dorset, Mrs. N. A do » 1 T'lnlrc* IVTi'c 7. A r| n 9 U lUVc. 1VL1 o , t-i • il Hovder \lb6rt L Fairfield 6 9 Webermeier W J Milford 16 2 NORTH CAROLINA. Pilot Stock Fnrm Salisbury 51 14 Tjrcnn dricro* T Greenville 16 xyson, vjrngg x NORTH DAKOTA. R nvd T) C Crary 18 6 Danzig 16 Larson, L . A - Pingree 30 ! 4 Stauffacher, J. G. L Steele 26 1 QQ 3 Wvlder. Louis Cathay OO , Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3, ABERDEEN ANGUS — Continued. Name. Gossett, E. L Griffith, J. F Hutchison, E. H . . Jones & Son, J. W. Osborne, D. A., & Sons Woods, F. A., & Sons.. Arrington Bros. Stalworth, J. L. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. OHIO. Mount Crab 2 5 Everett 15 19 Xenia c Larue 54 0 Q PENNSYLVANIA. I* Jackson Center, R. 18 15 18 in Mercer, R. 8... lu * A SOUTH CAROLINA. 0 Kirksey . . . 5 07 Gaines o / SOUTH DAKOTA. Speirs, John R Ree Heights. TENNESSEE. Ames Plantation Anderson, S. B Bogle & Bogle Brakebill, H. W. & C. S Duncan, Henry Frow, J. M Hardin, G. B Hitch, John Kinnard, J. T Moore, Robt. W Thompson, M. H Whitehurst, Dr. F. W... Grand Junction Cookeville Lenoir City Rockford Maryville do Concord Maryville Columbia Bolivar Norene Brownsville Buchanan, A. F Garnett, S. H McSpadden, J. E Morrison, G. H VIRGINIA. Glade Spring Locust Dale Chilhowie Fredericksburg Total (Aberdeen Angus, United States) 58 8 103 63 4 5 16 3 23 53 18 58 4 9 •6 81 31 16 8 12 1 14 13 4 1 22 14 4 11 37 5 21 ,068 588 AYRSHIRE. Barthold, J. Frank. Richards, C. C Gossard Breeding Estates... Sanderson, A. H Schoenleber, F. S Taylor, George ” Wendell, Thos. Atwood, Jordan F Bragan, Clinton J Bryant, W. L Dean, Alvin F Dunn, A. L Files, Dr. E . W.*’ Lunt, James L ' Robinson, A. H Gorsuch, Dickinson. Hinckley, H. P. FLORIDA. Jacksonville, Lackawanna Road. INDIANA. Oakland on. wiison, Aita m oiathe KANSAS. Turon Marysville Linwood Onaga ” ” ’ ‘ ‘ Beattie MAINE. Sabattus, R. I Hallowell East Sumner Portland ’ . ' North Yarmouth Portland Mechanics Falls Bangor MARYLAND. Glencoe . MASSACHUSETTS. Agawam . 23 33 52 6 Department Cir. Ib2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, AYRSHIRE— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. . MINNESOTA. Havana 18 Gallinger, R. J Glenwood 21 Wessel Bros W inona 2 22 Wilcox, Mrs. J. F... . . Excelsior 6 MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College. Starkville 23 14 NEW JERSEY. Barrett, Frank B Red Bank 15 Probasco, Wm. V Creamridgo 24 NEW YORK. Goodyear, C. W Y oungstown 6 ! Schuylerville.. 24 Mohonk Lake . . 22 Greenville is 3 Stowell, Floyd D Black Creek 71 ! OREGON. Honeyman, J. D Scappoose 61 PENNSYLVANIA. Deubler’s, James, Sons.. Berwyn, Valley Forge Farms 96 2 Griscom, Mrs. C. A Gladwyne, Soapstone Farm 28 1 Mowrey, Guy A . . Danville, R. 5 11 Palmer, Charles A . . . Montrose, R. 6 24 3 Pennsylvania State College State College 8 1 Roberts, Percival, jr. . Narberth, Penshurst Farm 144 Stony Ridge Farm; Geo. H. Rohrer, manager. Williamson Free Trade School.. Bowers 6 3 Williamson School 24 RHODE ISLAND. Perry, Harvey Westerly 8 VERMONT. Bell, E. H St. Albans 9 10 Dewey, J. E. . Middlebury 11 Dunham, C. E Bethel 14 3 Lamson, N. G South Royalton 9 Richards, E. K. Kirby.. .' 18 Sheldon, Rex P Salisbury 12 9 United States Government Morgan Horse Farm. Middlebury . 4 VIRGINIA. Mann, H. W.... Cobham 56 WASHINGTON. Chandler, E. M. Burbank 7 WEST VIRGINIA. Reymann, Paul 0., Hill Top Farm Wheeling 109 West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Reymann Memorial Farm. W ardens ville 91 ! WISCONSIN. Laubenstein, Val & Son . Grafton 20 Total ( A vr shire. United States') 1,287 274 BROWN SWISS. Streit, R. J Leighton. . . . ALABAMA. 33 Peterson, P. A Newark ILLINOIS. 10 Yoder, M. S Shipshewana. INDIANA. 11 Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3 , 7 BROWN SWISS— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. Bergler, Wm MINNESOTA. Winona... 22 Dale, J. W 16 41 60 83 26 18 9 23 38 52 Lilly, A 5 Bohart, W. O MONTANA. Bozeman. Freemver, Frank NEW YORK. Middleburg. Brugger, Theo Inman, B. P OREGON. Gresham Junction City 2 Meyersick, Ed La Grande . . . Neuhard, Geo. H WEST VIRGINIA. Elm Grove, R Inman, Ira WISCONSIN. Beloit Martin, Andrew West Salem 1 i oral (Mown Swiss, United States) 387 63 DEVON. Carr, H. D NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lebanon 6 28 34 Palmer, E. G SOUTH CAROLINA. Ridgeway 6 6 Total (Devon, United States). DUTCH BELTED. Wilson, J. A MAINE. Brunswick 18 Total (Dutch Belted, United States). 18 GALLOWAY. Van Valkenburgh, H. W. . . MINNESOTA. Osakis 38 40 Total (Galloway, United States) . . 38 40 GUERNSEY. Converse, E. C. . . CONNECTICUT. Greenwich , Breidablik Farms. Delcastle Farms DELAWARE. Wilmington 56 64 32 57 45 35 National Training School for Girls DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Conduit Road and District. Lino 1 6 Johnson, V. C. . . FLORIDA. Dinsmore 9 156 Department Cir. Ik2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. GUERNSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. ILLINOIS. Babson, Fred. K . . . Hinsdale. . 82 Donnelley, Reuben H Libert yville. . 41 Lehman, 0. W Lake Villa. 69 Quinn, Frank J Peoria. . . . 23 Saemisch, R. G Long Point 3 Sass, Ernest W Streator. . . 68 Ten Broeck, Drew McLean 49 Welch, Geo. W Colchester.. . 6 Ziesing, August Deerfield. . . 41 INDIANA. Adams, A. E Plymouth 19 Eberhart, F. J Mishawaka.. 23 George, C. R. & R. L I>ebanon . . . 5 Halt, Demis A., Estate Plymouth 7 Harness, Harry E . Andrews 7 Johnson, Mrs. M. C Muncie 19 McNagney, Robt. R Columbia City . . 27 McQuinn, J. S. & E. G Newcastle . ' 27 Rauth & Sons, J. Geo Boone ville . . . a IOWA. [ Adams & Swain Algona Forsythe, Piercy Griswold.. 8 Hutchins, H. D Algona Mountain Bros Des Moines, R 5 55 Wimer, H. E Blencoe 13 KANSAS. Ransom & Devilbiss Homewood .... 51 MAINE. Ames, Mrs. J. B Castine 4 Ayer, W. R., & Sons Augusta 23 Brown, Herbert J . . . . Portland 11 Copeland, Roswell E Brewer Copeland, Will H do Day Bros West Kennebunk 2 Day, Frank B Lisbon Falls . Q Drummond, A. T Waterville o 17 Dunning, Jas. A Bangor 7 Earl, Elmer J Danforth 4 Far well, Arthur L Cumberland Center .... Coding, L. S Monmouth. 14 Hampson, J. A West Falmouth. g Hilton, H . J St. Albans . . . 13 Spaulding, F. L Augusta 14 MARYLAND. Bacchus, T. W Elkton 28 Beacham, Jas. W Westminster l Bean, A. W Forestville l Coster, H. E Hagerstown Dorsey, Wilbur Annapolis Junction 18 Downey, Geo Sharpsburg, R . l 2 Downey, Simon Williamsport Fenwick, fy . Bernard Glyndon L Forwood. jas. W Street 1 Grosvenor, G. H Bethesda Gude, H. J Hyatts ville .... Harkins, E. H Forest Hill Jenkins, Harry S Riderwood 9 Loar, C. W Frost burg Merryman, Louis McL Cockeysville . . . 71 Michael, C. O Bel Air . . . Schrock, Alvin Grants ville Warfield, Henry M., jr Timonium . . y Wheeler, Barnett Bel Air ' 2 Young, J. Forney Hagerstown 13 MASSACHUSETTS. Blagden, Samuel Williamstown 4 Cluett, G. A 31 Cutter, Miss Edna Dracut 5 Eaton, A. W Pittsfield g Everett, H. C Barnstable 27 5 Harrington, Mrs. Josephine Ipswich Grade cattle. 29 Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3 , 9 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. L Grade cattle. MeBurnev, Henry Massachusetts— continued. Stockbridge .. 34 1 1 May, E. P Framingham. . Silsbee, Miss Katherine E Beverly • i 1 Stokes, Anson Phelps Lenox I . . . Q1 Turgeon, F. N ■ ol 10 22 33 10 16 12 15 22 9 2 Wheeler, Frank T Ballard Bros MICHIGAN. Niles Edmands, Miss Hattie K Three Rivers Gilmore Bros 6 Hemmingway, Earl Sodus Morlock, August Watervliet 1 Oliver, William H Grand Rapids Palmer, Dr. R. J Parnall, Dr. C. G Jackson 49 41 . 8 Q Smith, A. M Lake City 41 22 19 30 A O TJmholtz, Wm. H Niles Adams, W. R MINNESOTA. Aldrich', Charles Buffalo 2 15 Anderson, A. E Thief River Falls 4 1 Anderson, P. J. & R. W Lindstrom 12 9 4 Ambal, Jens 30 1 A Z4 Bell & Prentiss, Briarcombe Farm Winona IQ Bergler, John 10 23 Bragg, A. W Lake Elmo 5 16 Case, F. H 13 3 Conklin, F. B 3 13 Degnau, Patrick 12 o 4 Eberhardt Bros Albert Lea 11 Ehlers, A. H Farmington 16 25 Engelstad, Pete Thief River Falls 13 12 Engelstad, Paul 3 80 13 ■TjqoG, vyi(3 French, A. L Hayward Anoka .... 1 30 Frissell, E . R Hopkins . . . 19 3 Fulsang, Andrew Glencoe 35 4 17 Fulsang, Henry Gilland, W. D.‘ Morgan Gilman, Geo. B Garden City . . 16 17 A 4 3 OA Hanson, H. P., Maple Lawn Farm Albert Lea Hartley, G. G HovJand Bros ................. Duluth O 60 ZU Johnson, Albert Emmons Thief River Falls 6 21 Karnuth, E Lake Elmo 3 1 14 Koop, Henry St. Hilaire 25 1 o Lee Farm; Nate Whitney, manager. . Albert Lea 7 ly 09 Lemke, W. A oo 24 QQ Lilienthal, John Glencoe 5 Lohman, C. A Lake Elmo 7 OO 16 Loring, A. L., Woodend Farm Lueck Theo Mound 40 McGrew, E. E Glencoe Dassel 4 7 A 20 McFarlane, R. B Alexandria.. i o 2 91 McLeod, Stuart Goodndge y 6 15 27 1 19 14 ^1 Mitchell, Arthur Mankato 20 17 Nahrgang. J. H Lewiston Nelson, Charles Hayward. 16 Nelson, John P., Farig Falls Farm Stillwater 23 Nesler, R. C Norman* T. C St. Charles Lake Crystal o 19 Olson & Krans Olson, G. W Dassel Carver ..... 22 A 15 Ott Bros Albert Lea 4 16 26 Peterson, Oscar... Peterson P J Swanburg 30 10 Poszanz, Jos do Winona 1 18 1 Q Richardson, Geo. E Garden City. . . 20 9 1 0 1 Ruble, C. H., & Son Albert Lea 22 37 1 A Ruble, John D .. . . ...do... . o 5 Rund ; Harry Swanburg Schmitt. J. W., George Washington Farms Sherwood, N. D . . Mankato 22 o Ilf 12 A Pine River.. Skaar, Chris 1 Hayward ... z 91 A Skaar, M. S. & C. A do Z1 OA 4 16 14 Skaar, P. J. . . Albert Lea Z4 3 12652°— 20 2 10 Department Cir. 142, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture. GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. Minnesota— continued. Staff, George 3 13 Stieh’l Victor Albert Lea, R 5 19 12 Stradman, Fred 24 Sweet, W. It Albert Lea 8 2 Univ. of Minn Duluth 8 25 Walters, Mrs. Sophie Thief River Falls. . . 10 10 Walton, Lewis. Pine River 10 Wirt, Charles Lewiston 42 Woolson, Harry C Thief River Falls 17 Zirk, M. F South Haven . . 3 15 MONTANA. Bohart, W. 0 Bozeman 18 Glodt, Louis Park City 18 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Clark, Mrs. H. M Orford 25 New Hampshire College of Agriculture Durham 49 7 NEW JERSEY. Borden, Herbert T Mickleton. . . 41 Cleveland, Charles D Eatontown 35 Gill, E. T 65 47 Hensler, Arthur C Morris Plains. 21 Johnson, R. W New Brunswick 5 Jones, Levi S Swedesboro 12 Leeds, Henry W Westville 40 Lindabury, R. V Bernardsville 54 New Jersey State Home for Boys James burg 65 Wilson, M". A Skillman. . .... 2 17 NEW YORK. Barlow, R. E. & F. S Amsterdam 30 Breuchand, Jules Oliveb ridge 23 Clark, Eugene H W estmoreland 19 Hanks, J. Russell Delancey 19 Elderkin, Eugene M Springville H 15 Etzel, G. F. & A. C Highland Mills 5 Hammond, John H Mount Kisco 25 1 Hopkins, George G., jr Ballston Lake 6 6 McElroy, J. R Jones ville 6 McEwan, C. B Loudon ville 5 Moore, C. C Unadilla 19 Morton, W. J Springville 39 Ogden, A. T Kinderhook 28 Sage, Henry M Albany 31 Smiley, Daniel Mohonk Lake 5 119 Southard, Floyd Ira 23 2 Stone, G. C Pawling 38 Taylor, Moses Mount Kisco 30 Tilford, H. M Tuxedo Park 32 8 Van Alstyne, J. E . . . Kinderhook 36 8 Whitnev, C. L. A Albany 31 Winston, J. 0 Saugerties 40 NORTH CAROLINA. Bamhardt, H. J China Grove 2 5 Ceall, J. L Lin wood 23 4 Fathey, W. E Fletcher, R. 1 11 Fisher, C. M Rockwell, R. 1 1 11 Graham, W. D Mount Ulla 5 9 Grymes, J. Byron Raleigh 25 Hartman, W. D Salisbury 1 Hauser, Jas. W Clemmons 11 14 Holt, E. J., & Bro. Greensboro, R. 2 2 22 Hudson, H. S Greensboro 31 Bindley, D. W Guilford College 13 Neel, C. L Salisbury 19 5 Osborne, H. A Canton 25 39 Shouse, D. J.. Bethonia 12 Wellman & Morgan Winston-Salem 2 15 Williams, G F Greensboro 1 18 Wilson, G. G Asheville, R. 3 18 NORTH DAKOTA. Agricultural College Agricultural College 9 Clara Cooper Farm Courtenay 12 2 Lee, Nels R Grafton 1 21 Monck, B. B Minot 18 Person. E. S do 26 Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3. 11 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. OHIO. Berkebile, Sam & Ray Delta 5 9 Black, F. B Mansfield 32 5 Butler, W. H Sandusky 4 9 Erf, William Bellevue" 21 1 Meyer, Clarence & Lydia Monroeville 2 g Miller & Son, E. H. .' Clyde 10 3 White, Windsor T Chagrin Falls 23 OREGON. Goodwin, W. A Cornelius 29 Hughes, A. I. & J Oregon City 14 Reith, W. 0 Astoria " 18 Richey, J. A. & J. T Boring. . . . 15 Ringo, Clyde Mulino 8 PENNSYLVANIA. Bender, C. W Elk Lick 1 14 Bender' Norman E 12 Billig, R. M Diamond, R, 2 1 12 Braham, W. W Grove City, R. 16 . 5 10 Buchanan, James M Grove City’ R. 13. . . 3 Christianson, A Butler, R" 6 .. . 7 i Cooper, A. L Slippery Rock, R. 3 . 5 10 Cummings, J. H Wernersville, Belle Alto Farm 36 22 Dickey, George 6 15 E deburn, H. B Mercer, "R. 1 5 5 Finney, R. C Mercer. R. 2, Merrydale Farm 10 Forster, W. H Erie, llthers'ton Farm 15 Fretz, W. F Pipersville, Fritzlyn Farm.. 45 Gill, L. C Titusville, R. 5 ...... . 2 ll Grate, J. W Cochranton, R. 3.... 6 g Hancox, F. N 5 16 Hollingsworth, M. M Landenberg, Wasteland Farm 40 King, W. M Mercer, R. 3... 2 10 Kunz, J. D. F Titusville, R. 5, Audubon Farm 5 g Lees, D. C Mercer, R 3, Oa.k Hi 11 fit, nclr Farm 2 1 1 McCoy, A. C Slippery Rock, R. 5, Clover Dell Farm. . 5 1 1 11 McCullough, A. S Sharpsville, R. 55 14 Pearson, Albert Grove City, R. 16 . . 4 12 Pennsylvania State College State College 15 3 Root, S. N Landisville 47 Roberts, T. W. & I. W Bala, Pencoyd Farms. 48 2 Shook Brothers Spring Mills, Woodlawn Stock Farm 19 No. 2. Shook, J. G Spring Mills, Woodlawn Farm No. 1 19 Shriver, J. M Diamond, Homestead Farm 9 12 Smith, Philip W New Hope, R. 1, Evergreen Farm 2 12 Vandivort, W. W Evans City, R. 1 . 14 Waldron, F. A Grove City, R. 17, Water Lily Farm 6 7 Weber, J. J. & J. F Mercer, R. 1... 22 i Widing, Otto Mercer, R. 7. 5 i 7 Woodman, S. Paul Rushland, Stony Batter Farm 6 9 RHODE ISLAND. Comins & Lilliebridge East Greenwich. . 2 g Haffenrefler, R. F., jr Bristol... . 29 1 James, Arthur Curtis Newport 25 SOUTH CAROLINA. Cooper, R. M., jr Wisacky . . 36 1 McCall, C. S B ennettsville 15 3 McCutcheon, E. B Bishop ville 32 5 McIntosh, J. L Dovesville 46 TENNESSEE. Murphy, J. R Fountain City. . 9 g Smith, A. I 5 51 UTAH. Felt, John Ogden 15 VERMONT. Allen, Ray South Hero. g 17 Bates, Irving W Bar re 54 Brigham, J. M Newport. . 5 22 Brock, James A South Newbury 25 Chamberlin, A.; F. C. Lane, manager J Grand Isle J 16 12 Department Cir. ib2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . GUERNSEY -Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattlei Vermont — continued. Dowe, Horace N Middlebury . 13 Fisher, Charles Vergennes. 2 Hubbard Bros S wanton . . 4 Joslyn, C. F Sharon. . . 4 Miller, I. G Putney 10 Waterman, William Tunbridge .... White, J. K Groton 28 VIRGINIA. Albrecht, Edward Ashburn Arehart, C. L Timberville. Arundel & Houser Ashburn . . . Birdsall, D. H Purcellville Blake, Itonald Fairfax. . . 7 Blue, C. E Charlottesville Bowman, D. E. & H. E W aynesboro 6 Carson, C. E., & Bro Appomattox.. . Chamberlain, Leroy Paeonian Springs 16 Chichester, It. H. L Fredericksburg. . 25 Cole, W. S Purcellville 3 Conner, J. W Ashburn . . 2 Corbin,' J. M Hamilton 4 Courter, J. C Jetersville. 19 Davis, Westmoreland Leesburg... 84 Dodson, E. It Ringgold.. Dowden, L. R Calverton Driver Bros Waynesboro 4 Driver, Fred .... .'do 12 Ellmore, S. H Purcellville Eustace, W. H Calverton Flatten, J. W Norge Fraser, J. A Lovington 7 Garnett, R. G Cumberland 1 Gould, W. H Burkeville 23 Haight, G. A Herndon 3 Hixon, C. T Lincoln Hoge, L. Clark Purcellville 24 Howard, A. F Farmville 4 Howard, R. Roy Simeon Hunt, F. B Clifton 14 Innman, Miss W. L Leesburg Irvine, F. I Culpeper 2 Jackson, J. N. Staunton 4 McCray, R. J Paeonian Springs 2 McNair, W. M., & Son Herndon 1 Miller, R. J Oakton 5 Moatz, D. L Round Hill . . . 1 Murphy, W. B Charlottesville Nichols & Seaton Purcellville 4 Paul, F. D Leesburg Payne, M. K Remington Payne, R. W Drakes Branch. . . 1 Peacock, N. A Purcellville 6 Peyton, W. T Fredericksburg 19 Pobst, J. W s Fairfax 2 Reynolds, R. J Staunton 5 Rowe, M. B Fredericksburg 19 Ryan, Thos. F Oak Ridge Salisbury, C. T Fairfax 24 Sands, D. C Middleburg 6 Scott, A. R Richmond 14 Smith, Wm,T... Lincoln 38 Tiffany, L. A .do Tiffany, H. R " .do Virginia Hot Springs Co. . Hot Snrings 1 Wallace, G. M Falmouth Welch, A. W Lincoln Welch, F. G Purcellville . . 1 Wooding, E. S Sutherlin 1 Yoder, Harney Denbigh. . . 2 WASHINGTON. Gile, A. L Chinook 69 WEST VIRGINIA. Bethany College Bethany 4 Nicholas, J. E.. . Elm Grove.. 22 Oglebav, E. W Wheeling : 25 Grade cattle. 18 20 32 30 6 28 21 27 44 29 20 16 8 24 3 20 20 26 18 15 30 29 16 23 18 13 4 20 15 27 16 26 20 21 18 28 22 12 23 46 26 11 22 39 11 12 11 19 11 25 9 18 64 9 47 12 14 92 30 14 27 13 15 44 1 Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3. 13 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. 1 Purebrec cattle. 1 Grade cattle. Allen, W. H WISCONSIN. 17 17 10 26 6 4 9 13 30 8 11 33 21 20 11. 26 26 1 Anderson, Hans Withee... Bandli, Henry 6 9 14 15 14 18 17 Bartlett, Wm Bean, A. P. . . Beck, Carl, & Sons Bestul, J. M Bestul, 0. L Breitrick, F. D., & Sons Breitrick, 0. H Breitrick, W. L Brown, Cassim. . 4 24 Brunner, Matt Bundy, C. T Burton, Roy Eagle Capener, Clifford C Coleman, Dr. H. M 5 23 34 Cramer. John, jr Duecker, Herman J Earle, Howard E Burlington Fisher, Wm. E. 15 20 3 French, S. C Fries, C. J Galesville 17 16 28 17 17 14 11 10 13 20 Gerold, H. C Gibson, Robert. . 7 Gordon, L. E., jr., Farm No. 2. . . Nelson ville Guse, Chas 9 27 11 18 4 7 80 Halvorson, Albert Halvorson, John Halvorson, Wm Helds tab, C. 0 Henderson, F. W Hoard, A. R Fort Atkinson Holtebeck, Andrew Scandinavia 12 34 22 18 11 8 15 15 18 7 9 21 12 25 12 Horton, Edgar L Augusta 17 1 2 6 6 13 Huebner, Orvil Brillion Hull, C. L Whitewater Imholt, B. A Stillwater Minn Johnson, Glenn Baraboo Jones, E. T. . B arron Jorgens, C.'L Scandinavia . Jorgens, H. A Jorgens, Or in O Kellogg, Marcus L Janesville. . 14 5 4 1 11 14 60 22 21 19 11 26 20 33 25 10 13 6 40 38 8 20 Kjendalen, P. 0. . Scandinavia Knutson, K. B . . . Kolb, Car] Barron . Kolb, W. F Berlin Krings, Peter Arkansaw . Lawson, Victor Green Lake, Lone Tree Farm Lee, M. D Hillsboro 6 Leppen, E. L Nelson ville Lewis, A. R . . West Salem. Lohrenz, Raymond W Horton ville 6 Longley, H. N Dousman Lovejoy, Geo. H West Salem 21 McGrath, Lewis . . Chilton McKerrow, Geo., & Sons Co. . Pewaukee, Farm No. i.. Do Pewaukee, Farm No 2 Matthys, Albert Barron . 6 4 16 1 6 Matthys, Walter N Maver, Jos Chilton Merer, F. W Barron . Michels, John Peebles Michels, Math., & Son Milner, W. H Baraboo 9 12 20 Mulry, W. D Sechlersville Munsch, E. F Weyauwega Murat, L. S Scandinavia 22 8 9 Nesbit, Lloyd Barron. . 1 14 23 Noonan, F Mauston. Olson, Martin Scandinavia Orn, C. J. . . Barron *;• Otis, F. D... do ib 19 8 20 19 10 12 1.8 11 1 Parish, Alvin.. . Whitewater . Peterson, A. A., & Son. . . Nelson ville. Powers Bros Owen . Rasmussen, Carl Ogdensburg. Rasmussen, N. A.. . Oshkosh. . 11 30 15 75 Ridge, Henry Whitewater . Rowe, L. M Ogdensburg. R undell, Lloyd Roberts 14 Department Cir. ik2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture GUERNSEY— Continued . Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. Rundell & Nicholson Wisconsin — continued . Livingston . 51 1 Rundell, Wilbur . . .do 34 1 Russell, A. C Augusta 5 12 Sankey, Geo. W Durand 25 Schmidt, Geo. W Stanley 25 Schultz, E. C Chilton 7 15 Scott, L. E. & W. H Stanley 10 27 Scott, Perry S 12 Shertiert, Edwin W e vauwega. . . 11 3 Simonson, M. E Whitewater . . . 14 11 Slayton, C. H Oshkosh 14 27 Spink, L. 0 Platteville 6 26 Stallman, John F Elk Mound 21 2 Stevens, L. B Hartland 17 Stout, Mrs. F. D Angus 41 Stout, Henry L Mikana 2 34 Swan, Dav”e W auwatosa 2 12 Swan, Frank E 33 Tennie, 0 Greenville 15 Thompson, A. H . . . Black River Falls. 9 22 Tristram Farms Co Eau Claire 32 22 Veseley, Geo Athens 19 Vogt, E. C., Farm No. 2 Unity... . . 24 Welland, Peter. Hortonville 25 Weilep Bros Rice Lake 21 30 Wheeler, Max .... Hillsboro 4 19 Wichern, C. W . . . Baraboo 20 Wilkins. C. A Platteville 53 Wilson, H. J Rush Lake 21 12 W inke, Henry Portage 21 Young, E. A West Salem 8 19 Total (Guernsey, United States) 6,596 5, 761 HEREFORD. Alabama Hereford Farm ALABAMA. Gastonburg 84 .Tnnp.s, Mrs. H. L. New Market 19 14 StrVklpy, J. T. r Marp.ngo Farm . . . Demopolis. . . . 221 Galloway & Gow . ARKANSAS. North Little Rock 77 2 Neely & Sons, C. T. Jonesboro 13 Cummings, P. S., & Sons GEORGIA. Lela 53 14 Mack, E. E., & Son Thomas ville 97 20 Baie, Carl ILLINOIS. W aterman 24 4 Clark, 0. P. . Georgetown 27 Freundt, Edward Hinckley 3 10 Murphy Bros. Sullivan 32 10 Pinnell, Chas. R.. Kansas 16 4 Rimsnider, C. W . . . . Hinckley 28 Swango, Harlan, & Son Paris 23 2 Addington, Clayton INDIANA. Winchester 16 2 Hickman, C. W La Fayette 59 3 Ingle, James 0 .... W in Chester 19 1 Milligan, Samuel Milligan 54 3 Mnllendore & Son, F. R Franklin 42 9 Williams & Wright . . Farmland 19 10 Hastings, W. E... IOWA. TowaCity _ 32 8 Blase, Henry KANSAS. Sylvan Grove 32 11 Brey, Robert Ozawkie, R. 1 15 1 Betz, H. R. Enterprise 13 3 Cummings, Wm. . Hesston 32 18 Dunlop, Geo Lorgton 13 4 Dunlop, J., & Sons I do 15 7 Tuberculosis-Free Herd List No. 3 , 15 HEREFORD — Continued . Name. Address. Purebre< cattle. I Grade cattle. Lungstrom, Geo Kansas— continued . . Lindsburg QG 1 13 6 24 8 9 7 3 21 Mclntire, Joe. L . Howard.. OO an Plummer, H. D . Longton. . 4U QQ Sauder, W. J oo ■ 1 Tilley, S. W . Irving . / i a a Waters, C. C . Wells ville 140 oo Winter, B. M OO OK Beaven, W. B KENTUCKY. . Loretto. . zo 1 A Hornsby, Thos. L., & Son. . Eminence lo A~\ Luce & Moxley Shelbyville 41 May, J. W., & Son Owensboro 1 z 16 18 21 21 19 16 60 20 20 83 32 18 38 17 85 10 23 2 13 13 13 24 24 7 9 17 21 133 68 35 53 99 29 82 88 12 14 111 47 26 28 42 52 78 51 . 19 61 36 26 5 20 11 29 25 80 Rollings, Dr. J. D La Center 2 4 6 4 4 9 1 2 Rouse Bros Swope, Felix H Georgetown alley \ iew Farm Co., H. L. Tucker. Central City Wadlington, Dr. J. B.. Otter Pond Weyenberg, P. C La Grange White, F. E Wilson, J. H Diamond L Ranch LOUISIANA. Angie Barker, Charles L . . MAINE. East Vassalboro... Brown, E. 0 4 5 4 12 3 9 43 6 9 3 12 5 8 19 2 1 Andersen, L. L MINNESOTA. Balaton Bolstad, Selfred Dawson Clinton Falls Nursery Co. . Owatonna. . .. Detjen, Oscar Mankato Droogsma, Sam Princeton . . . Erickson, Ole O Hartland... Gallivan, J Hugo Hanson, Pete Balaton Keller. Harry Marshall... . Lay, C. W Arco. . Leslie, J. J Stillwater Lidke, Walter. . . Fairmont McCadden, R Skyberg Melin, Bennett I RedWing Meyers, F Fergus Falls . More, Edward, & Son. . Blue Earth. . . . Nankeman Bros. Beardsley 4 3 2 15 21 6 Oech, Lewis Winona. Palmer, W. C. . . Tyler Phipps, W. H. . Atwater Pitcher, Will . . . Blue Earth... Potter, L. E., & Son Springfield Riley, L. L Fergus Falls . . . Skarie, Oscar, & Son. . Lanesboro 19 14 14 2 Slater, R. J.. . Winnebago Sorenson, C. P... Balaton. . Soreson, S. J. Tyler Storlie, Geo. L Whalan Sullivan, J. F., & Son Guckeen 3 7 11 39 W aldron, R. G . Rochester, R l Zupp, J. F Blue Earth . Hart, Geo. F. & Jas... MISSISSIPPI. Sandy Hook . . Mount Arista Ranch . . . Utica* Tuck Bros... . MISSOURI. Morrisville. . 25 i2 4 9 36 23 425 1 70 2 University of Missouri (beef herd) Columbia Attletweed, 0. C Clemow, G. M MONTANA. B Mont N ‘ Dak ' ; ranch ’ Wibaux County, Tackson Eisaman, John G.. Golde, Joe.. Park City Manhattan Ranches Co do Manhattan.. . Montana State College Bozeman Owen, Charles L. . . Philipsburg Tintinger, Theodore D . . Park City 16 Department Cir. 1^2, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture HEREFORD— Continued. Name. Address. Purebred cattle. Grade cattle. NORTH CAROLINA. Anthony, H. C 8 4 Miller, B. B Mount Ulla 19 10 Rogers, Jas. H 3 5 NORTH DAKOTA. Burkhardt & Schwedler Omemee 14 Gilbertson, Swen B inford 17 19 Kennedy, A. G Crete 10 17 Miller, M. R Thunder Hawk, S. Dak. 41 6 Moffet, James Barton ' 5 1 Munro, Chas Crary 18 Phillips, H. H Harvey 43 4 Sebby, T. J Fingaf. ’ 49 29 Twetten, J. T Rolette 93 1 Walton, J. J Carrington. 24 3 PENNSYLVANIA. M Carroll, G. W., & Sons Jackson Center, Maple Grove Farm 47 5 Cochran, R. R Jackson Center. 5 6 Evans, Harry M Jackson Center, R. 19 ... 10 6 Jamison, W. C 1 10 Little, C. R do 5 2 McCoy, L. F., & Son Jackson Center, R. 18. . . . 7 12 Thompson, Bert West Sunbury 13 9 SOUTH CAROLINA. Morrah, W. D Troy 4 43 Palmer’ J. F 27 7 Tillman, B. R., jr Trenton.. . 6 1 Wardlaw, J. W. Willington. . 3 52 Young, J. H Clinton 18 12 SOUTH DAKOTA. Adams, R. C Watertown 2 7 Edmunds, H. C. . W essington 62 7 Myers, Gregory F Chester .... 12 35 Pettersen, 0. W Watertown 27 5 TENNESSEE. Caldwell, James E Nashville 57 6 Gugelman Bros Winchester 45 6 Hunter, J. M Cookeville 6 Johnson, J. Clyde Ripley 31 6 Lancaster, J. P Lancaster 13 7 Lancaster Bros do 11 Mitchell, M. G., & J. E Bolivar 35 Mitchell, J. R Sparta 10 8 Neuhoff, Henry Nashville 4 8 Robinson, W. J., & Son Lancaster 29 15 Roberson, John L Pikeville 25 9 Smith, J. R., jr Fayetteville 95 38 Stokes, S. I) Ashland City 9 7 Susong, G. L Morristown 19 9 Terry, J. W Sparta 16 8 UTAH. Olsen Live Stock Co Ephrainu 123 72 Utah Agricultural College Logan 16 VIRGINIA. Cecil, J. W., 64 PENNSYLVANIA. Altenburfe L. IV Townville 15 Mack, C. R„ Titusville, star route . . 20 Mars, E. E Titusville, Ii. 5 13 Peebles, James, D . . . . Aberdeen 35 Culler M. L. Sharpsburg 1 10 English M. A . Rockville, R. R 1 11 Foard Wm. M . White Hall 16 Gibson Howard W. . . Bel Air, R. 3 10 Graybill L. C Lewistown 1 11 Heck Chas. H. Bel Air 16 Herrman Jas. F.. Forest Hill. 13 Hibberd G. H New Windsor 13 Hoen , Frank J Corbett 6 3 Hummer, R. M. . . Detour 13 Kelley, Jas. C Street 18 Kelly M. P Bel Air, R. 3 . 10 Lanahan, W. W. Timonium . . 6 Lare Harry B Walkersville 14 Newcomb, H. T Bethesda 22 4 Oldfield, W. L. . . . Rocks 5 14 Othoson, E. T 1 Kennedyville 3 23 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 9 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. I Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Maryland — continued. 5 1 11 19 7 14 3 24 1 27 2 33 3 14 MASSACHUSETTS. Edgartown 1 13 fi a llnp *W. A N orth Adams 17 15 MernH S M 8 1 243 11 11 8 9 4 15 21 MICHIGAN. 1360 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit 23 Redford 19 2 19 17 12 13 5 ci ’w * h 24 Ruehs F W Caledonia 13 1 Scott H B Grosselsle 10 ToTpy Dr. H-N. David- Whitney Building, Detroit 8 2 MINNESOTA. Abrahams on H B Dassel 4 28 Agrimson J ohn Whalan 2 20 Alexander W m M Rockville 3 6 Arnold Bros Watkins 31 1 Bancroft J L Mora 11 4 Bemis W M Long Prairie 13 17 Benjamin, Mrs. R . G Hutchinson 3 19 Bentz Herman Mora 36 Bergeson Alfred Leonard 12 Boyd Amos Mora. . 11 Brinkman J C Zumbrota 4 14 Brooks Chas Mankato 3 18 Brown Burt Judson 1 9 Brownell Bros Grand Meadow' 2 31 Brunz Louis R Good Thunder 6 27 Budde Herman Nerstrand 7 24 Busch Paul Lake Elmo 12 Carlson Alfred . . . Hallock 13 Christianson Aug. C. . . Hinckley 3 12 Cook F C Mora 6 18 Crosby J Goodridge 1 9 Cupp i P Ogilvie 2 18 Eivarson Oscar ... Starbuck 19 Elliott lizra Villard 6 8 Elness Olaf Garfield 6 15 Ferguson W Mankato 5 5 Glaeser E. W Norwood 3 11 Goetzman C. J Winona 1 19 Hanson H P. Nelson 23 Hanson Henry Thief River Falls 14 Harris Bros New Ulm, R. 5 1 14 Hermanson, Martin J Utica 4 17 Holte & Son H O Shelly 2 16 Hughes, Roy 0 Mora 3 10 Husser Henrv Minneiska 4 18 Hutchinson E . O Sleepy Eye 6 4 Jensen, L Clear brook 20 2 Jepson C. M Zumbrota 8 15 J ohnson Gust A Garfield 13 Klockmann, C. L Withrow' 4 16 Kroehler, Geo. J Henderson 2 19 Lambert, Alfred Bronson 3 27 Lanee. Wm Glencoe 7 18 10 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. G UERNSEY — Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Minnesota — continued. Lindgren, J. L McCall, J. G Mainz, Simon Malmquist, A. O Marshall, Ed Mattson, L. E Von Menren Bros Merickel & Nelson Mesenbring, Hilton Mesenbring, Otto Mohrenweiser, H. C Moldenhauer, E. A Morrison, A. E Moses, L. H Mosher, John Munroe, G. A Nelson, Arthur C Nelson, E. H Nelson, H. W Nelson, Olaf Ness, M. C Neuman, O. H Nordling Bros Norman, H. G Norman, Hugh Olstad, Carl Oster, P. A Palmer, P. P Patchen, Frank Paulson, O. C Peterson, T. P Pfeiffer, Paul Pool, C. M Pope, Henry Putnam, H. A Putnam, S. T Putrah.B. L Reibe, Herman Roberts, Willard Rodli & Wykel'Drs Rouse, C. O Sandberg, A. P Sausen, Jos Schelin, Chas. F Sharp, George C 1 Sheldon, A. L Sheldon, L. J Sherwood, Geo. E : Simon, Peter Smith, C. H Smith, Nels, & Sons Solum, A. L Sprague, E. A Steele, Henry F Stems, George Stenberg, Julius Stibal.P. P Stoll, Louie Tenny, D. D University of Minnesota, demonstra- tion farm and station. University of Minnesota Dairy Farm. . . Urdahl, Osmund Volker, Thomas Vollrath, Aug Wagner, George Walters, M. H Watts, Frank E Webb, Chas. P Whitney & Lind Whitney & Nyberg Wicken, 3.0 Wiggens, C. H Willard, R. G Wilson, Samuel B Winkjer, Theo. G Wollan, Anton M Zschetzsche, Arthur P Wadena Austin Hastings Grove City Bagley Dassel Hinckley Eagle Bend Young America. . Glencoe Wahkon Elk River Copas Lake Crystal Claremont Border Lake Crystal Glenville Mankato Alexandria Glenville Glen wood Hallock Lake Crystal do./. Hanska Farmington Goodridge Anoka Peterson, R. 2 Blooming Prairie. Dover Farmington St. Hilaire Battle Lake do Good Thunder. . . Winona Lake Crystal Albert Lea Lakefield Hazel Wyoming Nelson Amboy Grand Rapids Waseca Kimball Winona Brainerd Winona Alexandria Caledonia Alden Thief River Falls. Stillwater Biscay Mora Crystal Bay Grand Rapids St. Paul Goodridge Winona Plummer Goodridge Dexter Mankato Medford Alden do Garfield Lake Crystal Good Thunder.. . Mankato Garfield Starbuck Sleepy Eye 18 2 12 5 3 55 2 3 15 11 4 3 5 10 1 6 4 20 5 6 16 2 1 1 1 1 2 20 1 7 5 4 7 14 1 3 34 29 9 12 3 1 2 3 10 1 3 1 11 2 3 2 30 23 4 10 12 28 28 17 20 10 39 ID 7 27 29 13 16 15 16 4 9 6 24 10 24 33 13 19 19 13 61 26 49 18 11 27 3 15 11 16 13 20 34 20 28 12 24 20 29 15 20 15 16 1 53 20 14 16 10 12 16 18 44 17 20 8 14 17 23 21 13 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. H GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address Cattle once tested with- out reactors. red. Grade. 20 83 9 23 7 40 43 21 2 10 9 8 38 2 10 5 23 2 13 2 11 1 15 5 10 23 27 6 2 13 2 15 17 19 1 18 5 27 3 12 5 11 10 20 6 8 5 36 4 12 156 15 8 28 16 9 15 36 2 22 6 7 12 17 20 33 13 15 9 14 24 9 3 5 14 13 118 41 34 11 22 15 5 9 11 35 6 3 38 34 49 11 8 22 1 Gayoso Farm Guernsey Stock Farm . Carter, Samuel M Cologna, Peter, & Sons . Daniels, Frank Dirnberger, Joseph A... Ellis, Joseph Exler, Benj. F Haupt, Charles H Haupt, M. L Hobbs, J. C Masterson, D. E Mehrle, John Meyer, L. S Mifier, I. Ben Reiman, C.H Rubel, Jacob D Weiss, C. W Weiss, E. H Fitzgeralds, M. D . Martin, Fred Randles, J. W Roesbery, S. D. Clark, Geo. C Gilbert, A. W... Hulburt, C.H... Pierce, Arthur J. Trachier, Elsid . . Hope, Joseph L Kean, Hamilton F LaMonte, George, Estate. LaMonte, George M Lippincott, N. W Salisbury, Henry A Horn Lake. . Brookhaven. MISSOURI. Cape Girardeau . Marshfield Vandalia Oran Commerce Cape Girardeau . do do do do do Springfield Cape Girardeau . Egypt Mills Cape Girardeau . do do Stevensville. Butte, R . 1 . Stevensville. St. Thomas. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Charlestown . Croydon .... Peterboro . . . Bennington . Hanover Adsit, J. Leonard Alexander, W.A.&R.A Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School. Boggs, N. T Brown, T. F Buck, LeRoy A Buckley, A. G Buckley, H. H Bull, Dr. E. L Burdick, Wynter Cadwell, E. B Carman, G. W Charlton Industrial School Clark, E. S Coggsnall, L. L Douglas, Mrs. Elizabeth Fairweathei Charles S Famam, Merritt Ferns, Ceylon C Gildersleeve, F. P Gratwick, W. H Herbert, Preston Hewes, E. B., & Son Howe, H. W Hunter, J. H Johnson, M. E Keenan, M. G NEW JERSEY. Madison Elizabeth Boundbrook. do Swedesboro . . do NEW YORK. Bald wins ville... Union Springs. . Peekskill Woodstock Clymer Groton Valley Falls Oneonta Ithaca Greenwich Saugerties Trumansburg Ballston Lake.... Cooperstown Locke Tilly Foster New Lebanon — Ira Fly Creek Union Springs. . . Linwood Briarclifi Manor. May ville Bedford Hills Valley Falls Jewett Oneonta 12 Department Circular tk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once 1 out rea f Purebred, j new York — continued. Kingsland, W. G Goshen 27 Kinney, 0. F North Chatham . 42 Lam on t, Henry Cobleskill 28 McFee, Frank Oneonta 27 MacKenzie. Alex Glen Spey 19 Macy, V. Everett Ossining 35 Mackey, Clarence H Roslyn 72 Mahoney, W. D Averill Park 13 Minard, W. W Kings Ferry 11 Morgan, S. W Poplar Ridge 9 Morse, A. D Jewett 11 Ogden, J. E M ountainville . 19 Packer, A. E Milford 10 Payne, Edgar S Penn Yan 16 Peck, C. A.j & Son Henson ville 6 Petteys, Jofin S Greenwich 24 Prouty/ Dallas E Fort Ann 10 Purdy, W. H Venice Center Rhodes, O. M Etna 31 Rickard, John H Richfield Springs 11 Sherman, Dr. F. J Ballston Lake 5 Savage, John Tthaca Seaman, James H Glens Falls 21 Smith, Erank M Springfield Center 39 Ten Eyck, Peter J Voorheesville 15 Thayer, W. J Cooperstown Torsleff, L. F Union Springs 10 Trask, A. 0 Rock Rift. . ~ 47 Turner, C. M Schuyler Falls 18 Tabor & Mignin Castile 40 Toan, Lewis A Perry 35 Whitaker, N. L Fulton 25 White, L. S Cairo 38 Wilbur, F. Fellows Stillwater 12 Worrall, C. W Goldenbridge 16 NORTH CAROLINA. Archie, J. S Davidson 8 Baird, J. 0 Asheville, R. 1 Bernhardt, G. M Salisbury, R. 3 3 Burke, E. S Winston-Salem 1 Clarida, W. F Greensboro Conrad, Vance E Winston-Salem, R. 7 1 Correll, W. G China Grove, R. 1 2 Davis W. N.. Gastonia 4 Fleming, W. C Greensboro 2 Garrison, T. J . . Weaverville, R. 2 Gillean, C. H . Woodleaf, R. 1 2 Goodman, C J., & Sons Concord, R. 2 7 Hagler, W. H Concord 3 Hardin Thos D , & Sons Greensboro, R. 5 15 Harrison, J. M Mount Ulla 3 Harrison, J. S China Grove 4 Hodges, R G Kinston, R. 3 Hutchinson, J C Charlotte 2 Kendrick, E. L Gastonia 3 Link, W H Moores ville 4 Linville E C. B Winston-Salem 3 Luther, T C Candler Miller, S W Mount Ulla 6 Rowan Guernsey Farm (Tnc. ) Salisbury 38 San Hill Farm Life School Vass , 9 Sanford & Cartner Mocks ville. 8 Stabler S S Salisbury Stoltz H J Winston-Salem, R . 7 J NORTH PAKOTA. Glick, L. S Minot 2 Indian School Wahpeton 2 Kummor, Nick Walcott 2 Find Gpn N eche T.irm, S Ti Hope 1 Molyneux Perry Grace City 6 Smith P P Sheyenne 11 Spires, 0. K Burlington 12 Grade. Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 13 GUERNSEY— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. OHIO. Allen, H. M Allwordt, Martin Armstrong, F. S Baker & Schumacher. . . Bettman, Irwin Bingham, E. L Bower, Elmer Brown, Armstrong Brown, Dr. Harry Campbell, C. H Cobourn, A. G Circle “W” Farm Conkle, C Cope, Roy E Cunningham, B. L Engle, E. G Floding, Fred W Hast, A. W Huffine, O. P Jackson, Champ Keller, Ira Kreider, John F Licking Creamery Co . . . Lyle, James D McBane, W. S McCammon, H. C McConnell, C. Miller Martin, Joseph Myers, V. R Newman, Walter Painter & McPeek Palm, Charles Patton, Jay B Rummel Bros Shantz, John Shoemaker, W. A Siniff, G. L Steiner, Emmitt Steiner, Ivan Tarbet, E. E Telling-Belle Vernon Co Treat, H. W Warrington, Thos. C. . . . Wilderson, C. G Williamson, A. B Williamson, R. R Win wood, G. W., jr Zeis, Floyd Zellar, John Troy Gibsonburg Elkton Hiram Silverton Rutland North Canton. . Apple Creek. . . Blacklick St. Clairs ville . . Greenford Gates Mills Layland Leetonia Pataskala North Benton.. Leetonia Berlin Heights . Van Wert Lake Prospect Ohio City Newark.' St. Clairs ville. . East Liverpool. Lisbon West Salem — Monroeville Rockford Jefferson Hanover Bell ville St. Clairsville. . Medina Morral Dayton Ohio City Orrville Wooster Bellaire Willoughby — Tallmadge Saiem Leetonia Greenford Pataskala Springfield Tiffin Ranoverton. . . 39 13 4 3 7 1 1 1 7 7 13 34 20 10 16 16 11 17 15 6 5 24 4 14 23 20 1 1 6 5 1 7 17 32 1 15 29 13 7 10 6 8 36 5 7 1 14 3 4 3 3 3 6 4 9 11 12 13 3 2 5 6 19 4 2 10 17 6 1 17 9 63 24 1 4 10 16 2 5 Purviance, J. A. OKLAHOMA. Guthrie 35 OREGON. Anderson, Ralmar. Beckman, H. F — Curry, A. B DeJong, Mary Elmer, Sam Hawley, C. L Stangel, Frank H.. Voget, Octav Blind Slough. Sherwood Hillyard Blind Slough. Mulino McCoy Sherwood Hubbard 6 5 7 17 6 8 15 40 10 PENNSYLVANIA. Anderson, John O Archer, Miss Caroline Artman, Mrs. E. E Beeman, S. C. Bowman, John L Bowman, J. W Brenner, B. F Brobst, Chas. & Lloyd Brown, Earl W Burnham, Robt. C. & R. M. Butler, O. W Colton, J. B Mercer, R. 1 Reading, Flying Hill Farms. Pulaski, R. 62 Brook ville, R. 4 Stillwater, R. 1 Millville Rochester, R. 1 Bloomsburg, R. 1 Titusville, star route Strattonville Wellsboro Carlton 2 28 8 6 8 3 6 9 17 5 10 IS 1 17 14 12 15 26 14 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. G U ERNSEY — Continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. ! Grade. Pennsylvania — continued . Coulter, M. G Covert, A. M Craig, T. R Cullum, J. Barlow Dickey, Robert E mm ons, Louis C Evoy, Chas. H Fergus, Hugh Ferguson, R. H Flory, W. Bradford Fox, J. M Freshcom, C. A Fullerton, C. Dale Fuherton, James N Gable, Lowell Gernert, Spencer Graybill, A. S Grimes, M. J., & Bro GrolT, Chas. A Haines, Wm. J Hall, Harry G Hartenbach Bros Hartman, Charles Harvey, A. F Hughes, J. N Hurley, Wm. W Hyde, T. E Ikeler, J. Harold Indiana County Home Jones, Mrs. K. M., Ammerman, R. S., & Jones, II. P Kline, Blake E Kline, J. Frank Little, P. J Longwood (Inc.), Malcolm Farquhar, manager. Luden, Mr. & Mrs. W. H Maule, E. & Co Maule, Edwin B McFarland, M. E. & R. B Mensch, Frank Miller, J. E Mitchell, B. B Naylor, F. L Oesterling, Lewis Ogden, John C Paden, Milo D Patterson, Geo. H Patterson, W. E Pizor, F. W Phillips, M. T Reed, C. E Reefer, John Rider, J. L Ruckle, Stanley E Shaffer, Miss J. Elizabeth Sherer, C. R Shook, C, D. & C. F Smith, J. Iden Smith, S. Wilfred Tennant & Bradshaw Thompson, A. A Thompson, A. E. & Son Thomson, Frank G Townsend, S. W Trees, J. C Tyson Bros. (Inc.) . Wachsmuth, C. A Wells, Irwin I Whitehead, P. B Worley, Clyde M Wright, H. Greeley Young, Ed. H Witherspoon, S. H Grove City, R. 16 Evans City Sligo Reading, R. 2 Slippery Rock, R. 2 Swarthmore Rushland, Sleepy Hollow Farm Slippery Rock, R. 2, Amity Farm Kirkwood East Stroudsburg Foxburg, Mansion Farm Zelienople, Maple Grove Farm Edinburg, R. 2, Maple Lawn Farm. . . Edinburg, R. 2 Wyebrooke Columbia Cross Roads, R. 3 Bird in Hand Catawissa Skippack Blue Bell, Cherry Hill Farm Stewartstown Manaca Gratz Titusville, R. 3, Shelmedine Dairy Farm. Mercer, R. 1 New Hope, R. R., Hurley-Hurst Farm. Bloomsburg Millville Indiana Danville, R. 1 Orangeville, R. 1 Bloomsburg, R. 6 Ebensburg Kennett Square Reading, Riviera Farm Westgrove Coatesville, R. 5, Sunny bank Farm. . . Pulaski, R. 62 Bloomsburg, Valley View Farm Rohrsburg, Lone Oak Farm Troy Jackson Center, R. 19 Butler, R. 2 Johnstown Poland, Ohio, R. 1 Belle Vernon Enon Valley Mercer, R. 6 — Pomeroy Slippery Rock, R. 5 Zehenople, R. 1 Catawissa, Pleasantview Farm Bloomsburg, R. 2 Etters, R. 1 Edinburg, R. 2 Spring Mills New Hope, R. 1., Maple Knoll Farm.. Buckmanviile, Pleasant Valley Farm. . Slippery Rock Uniontown, Oak Hill Farm Grove City, R. 17 Devon, Brookmead Farm Cochran ville Mars, Mapledale Farm Floradale Butler, star route Fricks Lock Quakertown, R. 1 Mercer, R. 2 Canton, R. 2 New Castle, R. 6 Enon Valley, R. 1 10 5 1U 4 6 13 14 4 6 7 23 8 11 7 16 2 8 6 30 12 9 12 3 20 23 20 19 23 2 8 10 4 1 43 6 9 16 1 33 3 15 16 5 12 8 14 6 14 1 13 9 i 20 14 20 9 30 1 27 29 37 12 8 1 20 29 6 1 12 5 10 63 6 3 8 6 3 10 6 11 60 3 1 11 10 12 3 19 1 8 4 14 21 24 7 1 11 16 37 11 1 14 72 9 3 20 43 2 14 5 3 32 10 25 1 10 3 19 2 12 1 10 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 15 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re; 1 Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. SOUTH CAROLINA. Rock Hill, R. 1 12 4 Darlington 6 27 Gettys, N. P 10 58 Green Sea 2 15 Darlington 23 4 do 7 12 Elliott 1 38 16 7 Elliott 26 6 2 13 19 Ware Shoals Manufacturing Co Ware Shoals 31 9 Wheeler /VV. S Saint Charles 10 22 1 10 UTAH. Allen, A. E 10 26 Clover Leaf Dairy, F. E. Bagley 5 38 Cobley, A. E "... 13 10 do -N 19 13 VERMONT. Bicknell, p. W Norwich 22 Bisbee, B. D. . Waitsfield 18 Bliss, R. F Montpeiier 1 5 Bradley, J. W Norwich 14 Bromley, Kent & P. D East Corinth 10 Carpenter, H. M Moretown ' 41 Chamberlin, W G Barre 2 24 Churchill, C. H.,jr Pittsford 26 Collins, C. H Plainfield 12 28 Darling, W. F Groton 3 9 Davenport & Glidden W est Addison 25 Dodge, C. A Barre 5 34 Durivage, M. C . Lowell 32 Elliot Bros Barton 40 Farrington, F. H Brandon 6 8 Foote, Charles H Burlington 21 Gokey, F. N Plainfield 29 Goodwin, I. H Groton 4 15 Hall, I. N do 7 34 Holbrook, F., Estate, Scott Farm Brattleboro 5 10 Jones, F. C Saxtons River 7 11 Johnson, John, D. W. Blodgett, mana- Montgomery Center 28 ger. Keating, W. H West Lebanon 37 Kidder, F. Thomas W oodstock . 11 17 King, Roy Greensboro Bend 20 Kingsbury, T. W Cavendish 28 Kingsbury, H. S do 14 Kingsley, Guy Lowell 16 Lyons, E . M.'. Barre 1 3 McDonald, Charles Topsham 7 29 Miles, J. F East Corinth 3 3 Miller, J. D Groton 10 15 Moody, M. H., Meadow Farm Waterbury 42 Nelson, S. F East Ryegate 4 49 Perley, A. W East Berkshire 61 Phillips, T. R Montpelier 12 10 Sargent & Baird Chittenden 33 5 Shumway, C. J Bradford 4 26 Skinner, D. H Waitsfield 22 10 Smith, David H Greensboro Bend 3 21 Smith, J. J. & Son South Newbury 5 35 Stevens, Charles H St. Johnsbury 29 21 Story, George E Essex Junction 30 Varney, Howard & Son South Strafford 32 Vermont Marble Co: Reynolds Farm Proctor 62 Douglas Farm 83 Goodno Farm do 85 Wark, Charles St. Johnsbury i 3 33 16 Department Circular lb3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Vermont — continued. Wedge, Mrs. M. E Grand Isle 16 Welch, Carlos B Barre 27 Welch, W. F Bethel 32 Whitman, Levi Wells River 27 Wilcox, F. H Randolph Center 27 Wilder, L. 0 9 36 Woodbury, U. A., 2d Burlington 42 VIRGINIA. Adams, James Fairfax 34 Allison, L. M Remington 12 Ankersi M. A Sterling 15 Ashby, 0. L Ashburn 13 Bailey & Dofflemoyer Berry ville 17 Birdsall, W. G Pur cell ville 20 Bispham, N. C Remington 60 Blount, W. E Bluemont 15 Bosweli, H. E Burke ville 45 Bowen, M. J Mechum River 31 Braden, 0. S Paeonian Springs 2 5 Branch, Harrison Hamilton 1 14 Buhrman, A, W Abingdon 3 32 Clopton, J. l£ Remington 18 Curtice, Hosea Fairfax 2 7 Day, C'. F Catlett 10 DeKay, H. E Ashburn 43 Dellinger, 0. C Woodstock 2 4 Dillon^J. D Purcellville 3 3 Farrar, W. B ! Burkeville 15 Ferney hough, J. G Richmond 11 Flatten, G Norge 10 Gold, H. B Winchester 13 Gregg, E. B., & Son Hamilton 2 39 Harrison, H. T Leesburg 8 Hay, W. J Ashburn 10 Hess, J. R Leesburg 9 23 Hirst, E. H Purcellville 1 65 Hirst, Mrs. J. T do 27 Hofferberth, C. A Ashburn 2 8 Humbert, J. L Charlottesville 5 2 Jones, Ben G Herndon 10 Keene, B. B Sterling 26 Kindig, C. D Waynesboro 3 10 Kirkpatrick, Edgar Ashburn 1 35 Kirkpatrick, W 80 Lee & Coates Leesburg 4 37 McSpadden, W. P Bealeton 13 Miller, M. E Vienna 1 14 Miller School Crozet 4 | 147 Moore, Thos. L Rio Vista 1 58 Munday, L. W Vienna 18 Nash. W. T Remington i 19 Nichols, J. V Purcellville 3 68 Nickell, R. B Herndon 1 34 Norman, W. F Purcellville 12 Olinger, J. P Remington 26 Pancoast, J. L Fredericksburg 1 38 Parrish, J. Scott Drewry’s Bluff 6 14 Patrick, N. R Rustburg 14 53 Peyton, W. D Fredericksburg 22 Pfalzgraf, A Fairfax 19 Presgraves, W. N Lincoln 16 Rawlings & Roller Staunton, R. R 12 26 Reid, Geo. W., jr Remington 22 Rice, C. T Oakton 16 17 Roller, E. C. . . . Staunton 3 17 Rosser, Thos. L., jr. Charlottesville 9 St. Joseph Institute Bristow 18 Sandy, T. 0 Burkeville 2 57 Saunders & Myers Leesburg , 26 46 Saunders, W. D. . Ferrum 120 Sellers, W. A . Burkeville 2 9 Shaeffer, F. R. L Fincastle, R. 2 3 13 Shank, E. C Wavnesboro 18 9 Show alter, M. 1 Harrisonburg 13 Stroud. M. K Herndon 9 11 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 17 GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Thompson, W. L. Wakeman, H. H. Ware, Jas. T Watkins, E. A . . . Weaver, S. B Willis, M. H Wilson, W. H.... Wortman, C. T... Wortman, L. W. . Ankeny, J. D . . Bateman, H. W Douglas, H. B.. Hansen, Martin. Jacobson, Nels.. Allison, E. H Barney, W. J Bloch, J. A. & H. S. Bonar, G. W Bonar, C. L Bromer.L. W Cox, J. B Dodds, John R Emsley, J. E Fischer, W. A Lowery, Wm. L McColloch, Wm McCombs, C. W McCoy, Geo. P Milliken, J. P Montgomery, W. D.. Pope, Charles Powell, D. H Roth, Annie Ruble, Chas. W Thornburg, H. L Wallace, Bros Whitecotton, Lester. Winters, Nick Wolf, E. O Adams, Geo. W Anderson, Guy C. . . Anderson, Theo. A. Andrew & Nelson . . Arnold, Adolph Bailey, Floyd Bamber, W. P Bandy, F. J Basse, A. G Basse, W. H Beckwith, J. R Beglinger, Fred G . . Bennett, Mrs. A. F. Berendsen, Bernard Berg, John I Berge, Anton O Berge, Oscar G Berge, Otis I Bestul, M. J Bonsack, H. M Bloom, John Breidenbach, J. G . . . Brown, Harry H Brown, Henry Browning, J. O Brubakken, Adolph , Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. r Purebred. ; Grade. Virginia— continued . Purcellville Toms Brook 7 ! Rapidan 4' Goldleaf 1 Waynesboro 2 Fredericksburg 3 Purcellville Ashburn do 2 41 13 51 ' 15 9 2 55 19 10 WASHINGTON. Walla Walla Bellingham. Ferndale Walla Walla Lynden 28 WEST VIRGINIA. Short Creek Triadelphia, R. 1 Wheeling Short Creek do Wheeling, R. 2 West Alexander, Pa do West Liberty Triadelphia Falling Waters Wheeling, R. 1 Wheeling, R. 2 Short Creek Triadelphia, R. 2 Triadelphia Triadelphia, R. 1 Elm Grove Triadelphia, R. 1 Wheeling, R. 2 Falling Waters West Alexander, Pa., R. R Elm Grove Triadelphia West Alexander, Pa., R. R. Wheeling, R. 2 5 11 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 42 28 10 11 17 12 31 14 12 12 14 1G 10 10 16 16 24 11 17 11 12 10 11 25 13 22 12 WISCONSIN. Nashotah Ogdensburg. . . Grand Rapids Livingston.... Whitewater... Prescott Sparta Wausau Milwaukee do Barron Fisk Eau Claire Phlox. Holmen Valders do do Scandinavia. . . Onalaska Fisk Marshfield Eau Claire Holmen Eau Claire Northland 19 10 15 4 8 11 22 14 1 14 20 14 4 12 5 17 20 11 29 4 14 21 15 11 9 12 6 25 11 13 22 12 11 6 20 I 24 30 3 7 21 .0 12650 °— 20 - 18 Department Circular ik3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , GUERNSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out rei Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. Wisconsin — continued. Brunstad, G. A A 90 Burhapp,’ Win Marshfield D 8 6a 15 Burnham, D. F.: Farm No. 1 9 07 Farm No. 2 O At Oft Butterfield, F. L & Ao on Cameron, Duncan M Chippewa Falls o oil 90 Campbell, N. H o A\J on Cartwrigh't, I. W New Auburn « GU 10 Chapin, Ed Iola 21 Christensen, Hans Cashton 22 Christianson, W. R Horton ville 1 ^ Clark, D. F., & Son 27 io oi Clark^ Jay./. 2 A*k Oft Coombs, Ray 40 Ao 1 Cotton, J. T~. 3 13 Courteen, Sidney 0 conomowoc 44 Cox, Harry I Whitewater 15 Danks, Dell Stoughton 19 Dawley, Dr. Geo. F New London 29 Dawley’ Wesley Cataract 13 Dawney, Theron A Bloomer 20 Dickson Bros 3 oo Dietz Bros 18 AA 1 Q Dietzler, Chas lJ7 12 Duncanson, W. E Sparta 14 Engel, A. 0 12 97 Everit, August 5 At 91 Ewings, M/C 12 Ol q Faltz, Philip Donsman 5 o Oshkosh 6 AO 28 Fellancf, J. E Mauston 19 Follstad, Anton Elcho 10 Foote Bros Rush Lake 12 7 Franciscan Nuns Cnnn Valley. _ 13 23 Frauenheim, 0. R Random Lake 29 Fried, Wm. J Fnnnta.i'n City g 17 Gaubatz, Herman Chilton 18 1 / 9 Gibson, C. N Eau Claire i A 27 Giese & McDonald Stevens Point, 14 1 1 Glazier, R. L Baraboo li 13 Glocke, A. A Weya.nwega 12 10 Goff, Moulton B Sturgeon Bay 28 Graham, R. H Roberts 12 20 GuptilL R. P Elcho 20 Haag, Julius Ma.lone 3 1 1 Haag, Wm Marshfield . . . 16 11 A Halbert, J. H Augusta. . _ 12 Hanchett, Wm. H., Farm No. 1 Sparta 26 io 5 Hargrave, A. W Ripon . . 20 c Hargrave, R. 0 R oberts r , 13 o 9 Hargrave, W. E 14 A 9 Harman, Wm Arkansaw 3 ift Harmeling, B. B., & Sons Oostburg lo 18 Hass, Edwin j New Holstein 14 Haugen, Ole Stanley 19 Herbert, Harry Ogdensburg 9 30 Herman, M. J Abbotsford 20 Hickcox, J. Gilbert Whitefish Bay 31 K Hill, P. W Arkansaw o 26 Hill, Frank L Cadott 18 Holeton, R. C Wausau 11 Hoppert, Chris Sheboygan 9 19 Hotz, E. A Scandinavia 32 Humphrey, Evan Sparta . . 4 17 Husor, E., & Son Cumberland 7 i / 90 Ingalls, G. R Eau Claire 20 A\J 7 Jacklin, B. A Waupaca 20 9 Jacobson, Carl J Scandinavia 16 Jamison, R. C Appleton ... 12 k Joch, Chris., & Son Weyauwega 4 o 18 Johnson, Alfred Cataract .... 5 10 Johnson, C. H Unity .. 3 22 Johnson, G. A., & Sons Ogdensburg 20 Johnson, James M Lavalle 21 Kersten, Frank R Janesville 7 9 Kickbusch, Paul Wausau 1 15 9 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 19 * GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. Wisconsin — continued. Kiel, Geo. W 20 24 2 10 o 10 Krings, Thomas 18 Langdell, S. C 18 12 Larimer, Norman G Blue River 16 Larson, Michael, jr 4 14 Laurence, A. W. 19 Lawson, <3eo. D 9 Lawson^ Wilbur 19 6 6 Lee, Ludwig L 31 22 i Liebzeit, Albert 11 18 Loether/E. J 13 Lohrenz, Edw., & Sons 11 15 Lonsdorf, Wm. 17 Lovejoy, Hiram D West Salem 31 Lueders’ Albert Reedsburg 8 McCarthy, Wm 12 15 McDonald", Robt. K Stevens Point 21 McKerrow", Geo., & Sons Co Pewaukee, Farm N o. 3 14 Madison, Henry ! 20 Mai in, A . J 15 g Mating John C do 3 13 Malin^ Mrs. M 9 14 Maule Brothers 20 Mayer, Christian 3 14 Meltz/Emery C Appleton 24 Milner, Geo. F Baraboo 6 g Momer, Arvid Prentice 5 7 Muench, Andrew Bloomer 2 21 Mueller, Philip H Almena 3 23 Munn, Dr. W. A Janesville 35 Mytton, Frank Wittenberg H Nelson, John Cadott 4 28 Nelson, John A Barron 35 Nelson, Wm Oshkosh 4 29 Nordb ye, CarlC Amherst Junction. . . . 3 20 Nygaard. P. P Scandinavia 3 25 Oleson, A. 0 Livingston 32 1 Oleson, Otto Westbv 12 22 Olson, CarlC Holmen 2 26 Olson, Mrs. S. B Elderon 12 Onsrud, Ben A Stoughton 12 11 Ora, H. F Manawa 11 A Overton, R. K., & Son, Farm No. 1 Beloit 9 D 12 Pace, C. W., & Son Mondovi 24 in Pansie, Geo Fisk 1 1U Pattee, J. R Markesan 10 J.O o Pattee, W. D Waupun 21 o 9 Peik,Carl J Chilton g 20 Peterson, Arthur H Nelsonville 11 1 Peterson, P. T Medford 8 3 Philli ps , E d war d Chippewa Falls . . . 19 Queen, P. A Scandinavia 21 Rather, Armand P Peebles 32 Reis, Jos Athens 16 Reitz, Geo. L 15 12 Reitzow, Robt. A Edgar 8 4 Rice,C. C Northland 10 Rice, Ernest E Ogdensburg 13 Ritland.Carl Chippewa Falls 9 H Rockwell, C. E Whitewater 13 Roman, F. E Weyauwega 16 Ross. Joel W Oshkosh . . 16 9*1 Ruelke, Chas Ogdensburg. . 5 40 17 Runde, Frank Sinsinawa 22 17 Rundell, DaleE Livingston 68 Rundeli, Homer F 85 g Rupple, S. G Medina 3 12 Sandman, Wm. D Holmen 18 22 Sauberlich, T. H Appleton 27 Sawyer, Edgar P Oshkosh 23 Saxe, Claire R Mondovi 22 Saxe & Bourget 2 28 Schaude, Edwin J "Whitewater I 11 20 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. GUERNSEY— Continued. Name. 1 Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. ■ tested wit fa- actors . Grade. Wisconsin — continued . Schantz, Jos Snarta 10 Schxnit, Chas Northland Hortonville . . 11 Schneider, Chas Cadott ; o 21 Schneider, John Dousman 3 20 14 Schroeder, Frank. Antigo 5 9 28 Schwartz & Williams Troy Center. . . & IQ ! 41 Setzer, John F Hillsboro lo O 4 Smith, Moses Cataract L 21 Solberg, E. C Snarta c 15 Stockwell, W. J., & Son Holcombe O 9 17 1 o Strodthoff , Herman . . . Manitowoc q OK Strong, Chas. G ChiDoewa Falls . . lo Ad Stroupe, G. W Whitewater . . K 4u Taggart, W. H Manawa o 28 12 Tarr,C. M New Auburn... 34 Thompson, Adolph Wausau 1 K 20 Thompson, Carl Westby lO 2 Tift’t, J. R Elk Mound O 35 17 x nuyii r a-rais. Wagner, J. B Delay an Potosi... 145 Q 84 Weeks, John M Chilton O o 22 Weiler, Peter Athens o 16 on Welles, M. L Rosendale. . . l\j Wendorf, Albert Shawano. . OO 99 2 West, Pone N Waupaca. . A 1 Weller, Wm Unity 23 1 A Whitcomb, E. R Milwaukee, Station C OO xo Wichern, L. M Baraboo. lo in 8 Wild Bros Elmwood. XU 1 ^ 8 Willey, J. M Holmen. . xo o 20 on Williams, H. B Bear Creek. o A3 Williams, W Snarta.. . o 7 18 OO Woodard, 0. C Weyauwega 7 1 ll 1 o Wrolstad, M. J Northland 8 27 1 1 ZempeLRobt Weyauwega Zielke, Wm Oshkosh a i XX Total (Guernsey, United States) . . I e ±. 8,849 j 1/ 13,921 HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN. ALABAMA. Baker, W. B Birmingham, R. R 1 103 Alabama Technical Institute for Women Montevallo 1 Black & Barclift Vincent DO cc Edwards, A. B Selma 9 OD Kirkpatrick, C 0 1 11 OO Morris Pros Opelika L 1 Odd Fellows’ Home Cullman 1 1 29 OK Sarber, I. E Elmore X o LO 1 Q St. Bernard College Cullman L 1 lo O A Wilson, A. H Opelika Lr± 28 ARKANSAS. Trustee, A. H. Endowment Ninhnlcinn T TT Jonesboro 28 1 ” lVUDlOV/Hj d • X 1 University of Arkansas . Bentonville F ayetteville 6 10 10 COLORADO. Pahgre Valley Ranch Co Montrose 28 CONNECTICUT. Bissell, Arthur G Suffield 27 1 Calhoun, J. E New Milford I Kl Cheney, Asa North Grosvenor Dale t>± 10 Hall, Gardiner, ir., & Co South Willington 41 Hollister, Burr A Washington 15 Hopkins, J. E Thomaston 8 17 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 21 H OLSTEIN - FR I ESI AN— Continued . Cattle once tested with- out reactors . Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. Connecticut — continued. Hoxic, Fred Keach, G. L King, Mrs. C. H. Lyman, John G . M'unyon, Ira E . . Peasley , F. M. . . Peterson, John A Town Farm Lebanon Woodstock Valley. New Preston Norwich Thompson Cheshire Pomfret Center. . . New Britain 20 21 17 15 13 6 Armstrong, B. V. . Gruwell, Cooper. . . Hall. John Insolo, Herbert W. Jarrell, Alvin Jester, Walter Jester, Willard Lewis, J. Edwin C. Schabinger, J. H. .. Middletown. Felton do Townsend . . Felton do Harrington.. Dover Felton DELAWARE. 6 4 5 14 Convent of Visitation Franciscan Monastery. . . Home for the Aged and Infirm Markham, Edward May hew, L. E Orrison, John A Pyles, Samuel J Tenley, Albert ' ‘ Wahler Bros DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Thirty-fifth and Q Streets, George- town. Brookland Blue Plains Twenty-first Street and Bennings Road NE., Washington. Twentieth and C Streets NE., Wash- ington. Bright wood Grant Road, Chevy Chase Shepherd Road, Brightwood Wheeling Road, Congress Heights, Washington. 9 16 11 11 14 10 16 10 'ii 32 17 11 17 17 De Be voise, J. C Estate of A. Swanson. Gailbreath, C. S Glover, T. B Harris, C. G Ives, M. C. , © Conger 1 28 Fischer, Dr. H. P Shakopee 38 Foelster, H Mankato . . 4 15 Follingstead, H. A Eumbrota . . 8 7 Fox Bros Blue Earth 31 Fox, Merl W Lake Crystal . 3 13 Franz Bros Mountain Lake 4 16 Fredericksen, FA Lake Crystal . 1 29 Fredstrom, F. G Brainerd 1 28 Gehlen, Joe Glencoe 1 18 Gehlen, G. P 1 13 Gleason, F. E Austin 17 20 Glen Lake Farm School Hopkins 10 27 Gochnauer, Jay D Skyberg 8 26 Goulet, Herman L Glencoe 13 Graupmann, Albert A Hamburg 10 12 Graupmann, Herman Biscay 31 Green, C. 0 Ruthton. . 2 19 Gripp, F. J Northfield 10 10 Groth, Henry Lake Crystal 11 Grover, O. J Glyndon 31 Gruenhagen, F. H Brainerd 18 16 Guillaume, Anthony Caledonia 11 Haapala, Levi Dassel 1 14 Haines, 0. M Rush City 2 10 Halloran, James Browerville 15 Halverson, H. S Austin 6 Hammond, J Winona 12 Hankerson, G. W Medford 14 Hanson, Andre w East Grand Forks 2 18 Harris, Frank Truman.: 13 Haselton, Andrew Alexandria lo 21 Haslerud, 0. A Peterson, R. 2 5 16 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 33 HO LSTEIN-FRIESI AN— Continued. Name. [ Address. Cattle once out re: Purebred. Minnesota — continued. Hecht, E. B Q Hecht, R. J O 9 Heifert.E. A 0 14. Heinz, Emil Owatonna,R 9 12 Henrv, Jas 9 Henske, Rudolph 1 Hertwig, Aug Glencoe Hibbard Bros Glenwood g Hinkley , G. W 32 Holmes, Winfield 3 Homan, H. 0 Biscay Horn, Otto H 3 Horton, H. C Glencoe . Horton, L Horton, W. F Howe, A. C 2 ! Hoyum, M. 0 4 Hudson, Geo. A 10 1 Irwin, John B.: Farm No. 1 14 Farm No. 2 37 Farm No. 3 54 Farm No. 4 25 Jackson, J. A 4 Jensen, Carl A 4 Jensen, Fred C 4 Jepsen,R 4 Jergens, W. Ed 19 Johansen Bros Tyler . 23 Johnson Bros 2 Johnson, Arthur B New Richland 19 Johnson, J. V Watertown Johnson , Leonard Butternut Valley 1 Johnson , N orman A Albert Lea 3 Johnson, Oscar Clarks Grove 12 Johnson, W Ellendale 17 Johnstone, W. R New Richland 3 Jones, Charles West Concord 24 Jorgens,H. H Biscay 23 Julian, T. J Fergus Falls 28 Jungclaus, Wm Glencoe 4 Kaplan Bros Owatonna, R. 3 5 Kaspar,J. A Medford 22 Kemen, John Madison 17 Klug, N. R Caledonia 6 1 Knaddle, T. W Thief River Falls Koochiching Realty Co International Falls. 14 1 Kouba, Frank Hutchinson 16 Kratzke Bros Cologne in Kreil,Jos Biscay 1 Kroehler,Ph Henderson 4 Krueger, G. A Albert Lea, R. 5 4 Lammers, F. E Lakeville i Larson, M. C N orthfield 22 Larson, Ole St. Hilaire, R. 1 . Leach, C. H Stewart ville 23 Lehrke, F. E Waconia 4 Lundheim,Tom Onamia Liarre.Olaf New Richland 2 i Liddle,F. T..-> Hastings 9 Lincoln, L. G Mora Ling, Fred Worthington Little, R. J Buffalo 9 Long Lake Live Stock Co St. Paul, 668 Cable Avenue 31 Lonning, Martin Lake Crystal Luehrs, Fred Glencoe Lunde.Carl A Minneota 17 Lynard,J Owatonna 4 McCormack, A. D Garden City 4 McCrum, W. E Thief River Falls 4 McNelly,C. L McIntosh 26 Malchow , Elmer Biscay 4 Mallory, Melvin Mora 4 Mallory , W. L Mora Maltzan,M Shevlin l Maim, W. P Dodge Center 27 Marschall , Henry A Shakopce 2 12650° 20 3-1-4 Grade. 9 22 26 ’23 19 *21 14 12 69 1 12 26 15 20 24 1 20 *f6 21 27 7 10 14 34 Department Circular 143, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. Purebred. ! Grade. I Minnesota — continued . Marschall,Math 1 28 1 Q Marschall, Wm. F Melwold , A. E 10 lo A Menzel, Gus y OA Meuleners,P. J Cologne ZIJ Meyer .John l 1 o 07 Mielke, Edwin 1 Miller Bros Plato OQ Miller, Chas. H Northfield 29 oVJ Miller, Geo. E H Miller, Frank B Northfield 30 4 Miller, H. G do 30 Miller, J. C i 9C| Minneapolis Workhouse Dairy Minneapolis 25 40 Mittelstadt, R. E Wendell 0 IQ Monkemier^ Carl » io 7 ft Moravec, Jos Biscay g ID Moravec' Peter 1 It) IQ Moravecj Theo Glencoe . . . 1 14 Morris, Robert 2 18 Munsch, J. C 21 l Munson, Nels 5 in Murphy, J. F Lakefield 12 JLU 18 Nelson, A. E 2 i a Nelson' Julius - Thief River Falls it) 27 Nemecj Albin Glencoe 12 Newstrom, Ed s 10 Nichols, Z. M 3 13 Nielsen' H. J. P Lake Benton 6 15 Nims Bros Hutchinson 3 31 Nims, G. W Staples 3 9 Nor born, Edward Leonard 10 Nordvold, Jesse C Zumbrota. 13 Nyberg. O. W Dassel 13 13 Oby, Chas Maple Lake . 17 Odden.L. J Grand Meadow 3 2 Oech, Fred Winona 1 21 Oren, Tilman G Mora . . . 3 17 Olson, Henry A Grove City 22 Orton, Irwin J St. Cloud 11 12 Ostrom, John Mora 1 38 Perchan, Fred G Glencoe 20 Peterson, Alfred C Clarks Grove 16 Peterson, Amos Watertown 1 13 Peterson, B . C ! Cannon Falls 24 Petrich, Chas Glencoe 14 Picha, F. J Hopkins 3 22 Picha, Joe Glencoe 10 Pierce & Son, H. M Minnesota City 1 15 Pinz, H. H Wahkon . . . 1 15 Pohdrasky, Chas. A Biscay . . 1 9 Pohlman, Geo 1 22 Porte le, Joe Glencoe . . 21 Price, W. E Lake Crystal 1 10 Qvale, C. A Farmington , 2 20 Rannow, Frank N Biscay 18 Rasmussen. Walter Alden 1 25 Rathert, W. F Mora 3 23 Reese Bros Goodhue 12 6 Reiner, F. A Northfield. . 8 : 1 Rhen, Erik G Clear brook 1 | 12 Roese, W. H Plummer ? 1 14 Rotzien, Wm.A Hutchinson . 1 11 Rowekamp, Geo. L Winona 4 24 Rynestad, T. K Thief River Falls 12 St. Olaf’s College Northfield 24 8 Sargent, C. A Red Wing 5 21 Sargent, Cecil C do 12 4 Satre, John V 1 Frost 10 Schmidt, A. J Norwood 13 Schmidt, Geo i Glencoe 13 Schmidt, Wm St. Peter 1 20 6 Schmit, J . M Pillager 14 Schultz, Fred Biscay 6 17 Schultz, Walter 6 25 Sch wager, Joe Utica I 30 e Seath, L. A. & G. A ! Albert Lea j 19 12 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 35 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Shaw, Oscar C. . - Skrei, T. H Smith, Chris Smith, W. C Sorenson, N . P Sorenson, Wm. S Stanford, A. D State Sanitarium Stearns, E. J Steele, Frank W Stevens, E. M Stevens, M. L Stockstader, Allen G Stoeckman, John Storstad, I. J Storvick & Son, A. O Storvick, T. A Sullivan, Jas Do Sviggum, Edward Taylor & Christgan Teeter & Collins Telkamp, H Tessmer, Emil Tessmer, John Thomson, R. J Timm Bros Tonsignant, E. A Turbenson, Theodore Uhlis, J. W University of Minnesota Farm. VanSlyke, S. E Wacek, Wm Wagner, Peter Waldal, A. J Waldal, Geo. & Marius Walker, W. W. . . Welch, A. C Welch, Harve E Wenner, Louis W Wiener, Caspar Williams, D. L Wilshusen, Henry Wohlford, H. E Wolff, August Wright Co., Charles Zakariasen, P. M Zimmerman, L. P Boyd, J. C Butler, W. J East Mississippi insane Hospital . Gosha, Joseph F Kennedy, R. E Lord, Jno. L Lucas, Thomas McDaniel, S. J Muth, Wm. G Oakhurst Plantation Payne, H. F Robbins, E. D Schweirjohn, F. B Scott, Jack L Sloan, W. D Still, C.P Weever, Elias Yarbrough, T. M Ayers, W. F Beauchamp. W. M . Benoit, N. A Bluhm, H. A Bluhm, John F Address. Minnesota — continued. Lake Crystal Glyndon Zumbrota Bingham Lake Alden do Mankato Walker Hutchinson Alden, R. 1 Hastings Castle Rock Hastings Green Isle Brain erd Albert Lea Albert Lea, R. 6. . East Grand Forks. Wrenschall Peterson Owatonna Granada Fergus Falls Biscay Glencoe Blooming Prairie.. Morristown Mendota Spring Valley Glencoe St. Paul Northfield Biscay Glencoe Pl umm er ....do Austin Glencoe Hutchinson Mankato Thief River Falls. . Cambria Fergus Falls, R. 5.. Trosky Glencoe Fergus Falls Brain erd Waseca MISSISSIPPI. New Albany... do Meridian Aberdeen Newton Herman ville. .. Greenwood Springfield Sandy Hook. . . Duck Hill Forest New Albany . . . Lumberton Grenada New Albany... Senatobia Houston Louisville, R. 3. Marshfield . Pacific St. Charles . Sedalia Smithton. . Cattle once tested with- out reactors . Purebred. Grade 20 1 16 4 9 12 13 14 2 11 62 5 29 5 16 13 7 7 12 5 9 16 23 4 33 11 21 27 33 14 1 18 47 30 23 22 7 24 11 16 37 3 12 3 6 7 1 28 2 11 32 41 17 13 18 1 22 41 15 9 11 4 12 10 10 5 3 24 15 8 24 9 4 18 31 1 10 3 5 16 35 8 14 13 5 1 35 7 25 1 63 3 10 66 14 15 3 26 1 5 1 4 7 7 2 13 12 5 11 1 92 22 11 12 9 12 36 Department Circular US, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Missouri — continued. Bode, H. F Egvpt Mills O Bolte, Oliver Smithton L 19 16 Bradshaw, T. H Lamonte 1 9 12 Brinkopf,'Wm. C Cape Girardeau Q 15 Chappel, L. E., & Son Springfield 9*1 7 Chitwood, G. £> Carl Junction. . . . OX 7 14 8 Daniel, J. B Piedmont Q Davis, Glenn G Columbia y 45 7 Diedrich, F. A Fordland 21 Dow, R. W Sedalia 99 0 # Driver, C. E If Engram & Collins 41 1 10 9/i Evans, Roy C g 16 /II Files, W. E 15 Finck, E. P St. Charles 11 41 15 Fortner, W. M Craig 15 Gerlach, Fred C j ■ * * * Hagemann, Henry W St. Charles 11 Hartman, H. F IO 1 1 Heuer, B. H o 11 1 ft Hill, H. L & 11 Hitt, W. J 11 9 14 Hoerman, Wm Smithton O 10 23 1 A Hughes, R. L lo 1 ft Jaeger, George J g 10 Kelley, Dr. Ralph R 2 lo Kruse, J. A., & Son 5 lo 1 1 Kurre, Ed Cape Girardeau 11 14 Lamm, Henry, jr Sedalia 15 Larkspur Dairy Hillsboro 14 57 Cl Luetjen, Golder A Smithton . 5 Ol 1 1 McQueen, Sam P Purdy . 8 11 1 Manning, R. 0 Marshfield 1 Manning, L. E 3 10 Oft Masters, A. C ■. Cape Girardeau. £\J 1 l Miles, John A Gray Summit 12 14 OQ Monsees, D. 0 Smithton 17 oo Monsees& Mountjoy 1 0 9ft Moore, W. A Cape Girardeau OU 19 Nenninger, Edward 10 17 Nichols, Dr. W. J Asbury 28 x « 1 Pickens, R. M Cape Girardeau 1 19 Ringwald Bros 91 Rion, John D Farmington 17 Romig, Wm Dresden 1 / IQ St. Mary’s Seminary Perry ville . 13 iy i j. Schonofl, F Cape Girardeau 7 14 19 Selken, Ernest Smithton 11 19 Shumaker, Peter Carl Junction . . 10 SiLsby, S. J Sedalia.. 1 15 Smiley, H. H Lamonte . 2 12 Spaht, Gustave Albany 10 18 State Hospital No. 1 Fulton 12 92 Stephens, B. E> Cape Girardeau 1 25 Stupp Farm & Cattle Co Pevely 8 124 Sudduth, John Smithton 10 Waugh Dairy Co Marshfield 14 14 Weathers, J. S Windsor 22 10 Weissinger, P. H Cape Girardeau 2 16 White, C. K Smithton 6 5 Wilkerson, J. F., & Son Marshfield 12 21 Woodward, R. B Lamonte 12 15 Wulfers Bros Cape Girardeau. . . 20 Young, J. F Lees Summit 8 5 MONTANA. Amott, George Billings 15 Ball, John Forsyth 43 Bamum, G. E Columbia Falls . . . 18 18 Bechtold, August Butte, 1025 Hornet Street 1 43 Bloom, S Simms . . 26 Boender, Pane Worden 21 Cramer, A. E Belgrade 74 Davenport, C. E Hamilton 20 13 Deckert, Fred Helena 42 Dixon, Joseph M Missoula 12 16 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 37 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued Name. Address. Cattle onc< out rc Purebred. } tested with- iactors. Grade. Montana— continued. Evans, J. A Huntley 1 Q Fenlon, Mrs. Frances Ballantine 10 18 Ford & Hollister Darby. . . . 39 Hall, Louis N 1 Helena Holstein-Friesian Co Helena.. . 1 1 g 10 4.0 Hervey, D. C. & L. R Billings. no 16 K Hoyt, A. J H untie v. . o 16 Hunt, Mark 18 Lea, t>avid, & Son 5 OO Mitchell, H. B Great Falls Q 40 1 QQ Montana State Asylum Warm Springs. iyo 152 oo Moulton, C. H Pickens/Plato OO 4 o4 1 4 Prevost'& Scharrer Rocker!.. . 2 48 Siedentorpf, W i CO Sherman, A. P Forsyth.' OO Smith & Abercrombie Central Park. 12 10 59 St. Joseph’s Orphanage Helena Trump, Otto Huntley. . 19 NEBRASKA. Abts, M.C 17 1 A Andreas, Wm. & John Beatrice... 7 14 91 Arndt, Wm Blue Hill. g 41 A Barton, Samuel, & Son Gering 19 4 n Benda, Hubert Shelby . g o o Bletch'er, C. C Falls City l 0 1 o Brandt, H. F Beatrice.. 10 1 U o Christiansen, G. P Saronville. 31 4 1 Dailey, S. O'. Axtel 7 1 A Diers, L. H Seward 5 4 Dole, E. W Beatrice.. 11 A Doubt & Kingsley Minden 21 4 Q Dunn B. R De Witt 14 V Englebrecbt, G. F Oxford 12 Feeble Minded Institute Beatrice. 1 4Q Frieden, Ben Garland.. . 3 417 AO Fuller, Luther Hastings. . g 40 Q Grant, R. W Beatrice g a K Hewit, D. M David City 7 O o Hill, Ross Ellis 10 4 Holm, Albert Colon 16 Industrial Home of Nebraska Milford l 91 Jones, E. H Fairbury.. c 41 Q Kempf, R. H Shickley o 21 0 1 Kilby. Charles Pender i 12 Kilpatric Bros Beatrice 40 Lingren, Wm Harvard 14 Lively, C. R., & Son South Omaha. 16 Q Miller, J. M Alliance l O 19 Nebraska School of Agriculture Curtis 17 14 o O’Connell, F. J Jansen iq 4 o Pekarek, A. W Brainard AO 5 4 o Peterson, Wm.A Harvard A O Ramsey, Shelby Seward . o A 4 Ritchie, C. D McCook . O 23 4 30 Smith, Virgil, and wife Emerald 14 Sollenbergen 0. H Fairbury 16 Starke, C. H. Red Cloud 22 Swanson, E . 0 Swanson, F. A ■ Stromsburg do 25 21 Swartslev, 0. E Riverdale 19 A Tanner, Chas Memphis 14 o 0 1 Troyer, A1 Shickley 5 1 1 1 Van Arsdale, C. H Beatrice 13 11 A Weibel, H. E De Witt 7 4 1 Woodworth, H. J Wahoo 5 1 n Wright, L. R Gering 7 0 1 NEVADA. i 1 Antrim, J. A Lovelock 1 9 Bunkowski, August Smith 14 48 Brooks & Peckham Reno, box 404 40 154 1 Q Brooks, C. W "1 Burke, A. A Reno, care Cnnnt.v TTecnital lo 1 o Buerer, H. F Fallon io 27 38 Department Circular lb3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. j Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. 1 ’ nev ada — continued . Carson Indian School Dyer, R. C Friedhoff, Geo. W Forsberg & Dunbar Gallery, Frank Heise, F., Land & Live Stock Co. Honeywell Ranch Hunt, J. N Hovey, Mrs. Minnie Herricks, Peter Mills, Bert Moreira, M. A Me Vicar Bros McVicar, Geo. C Madelina, E. D Olsen, Otto Patrick^ F. G Pitt, W. C., Ranch Co Stodieck, Wm Settlemeyer. Arnold Sebbas, Victor University of Nevada, dairy herd. Wittwer, Wm Wainscott, A. R Walbesloh Weidner, J. L Stewart Schurz Yerington Fallon East Fourth Street, Reno Minden Wellington B unker ville Wellington Yearington Logandale Lovelock Smith -do Reno, R. 1, box 50 Reno, R. 2, box 48 Reno, box 287 Lovelock Gardnerville do Lovelock Reno Bunkerville Fallon do do 3 3 6 2 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Austin, George D Beaman, W. E Blake, H. H Camp, C. H. & H. N Garipay, Eugene L New Hampshire State Hospital Cornish. do... Concord. Etna Hanover Concord. 26 21 16 31 6 11 Baldwin, Isaac E Harrison, R. S. . . Stockton do. . . NEW JERSEY. Arnold & Allen Baker, Gertrude Baker, H. F Barker, Edwin B Blanchard, C. A., jr Borden Farm Products Co Brady, Paul T Brown, A. B Bulson, Claude M C apron, R. K Clark, C. H., & Son Clark, S. H., & Son Cook, Albert F Cook-Blodgett Farms Culver, George D Coventry, C. J Davis, F. M., & Son Dennis, L. S Dix, James E Eldred, Arthur Farrell, Mrs. James Flanigin, T. E Gleason, A. L Grace, Joseph P Gregg, W. W Green, F., & Son Hilborn, L. E., & H. R.... Hubbard, George C Jackson, J. J., jr Joslin, M. S Kutschbach, R. P., & Son. Lake Placid Co Loomis, H. C Loomis, J. R McClintock, Arthur NEW YORK. Peru Fulton Richfield Springs Crown Point Jamestown Walden Pawling Burlington Flats Schenevus Lisle Peru do Whallonsburg Denmark Milford Ransom ville Livonia Canisteo Forestville Hartwick Valatie Hudson Falls Ash ville Mahasset Elmira Schenevus Canisteo j Red Hook South Livonia Buskirk Sherburne Lake Placid Club Dry den Glens Falls South 'YV’orcester 12 30 20 5 35 1 30 23 40 3 9 30 6 8 22 18 7 6 6 8 33 4 1 2 15 24 28 43 67 10 10 3 16 36 25 47 11 12 27 10 14 17 17 13 149 62 23 11 13 13 47 23 10 in 14 11 15 15 26 1 32 77 12 20 38 22 13 12 78 18 1 26 63 57 1 4 19 23 14 19 25 9 183 51 39 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 39 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. tested wlth- actors. Grade. NEW YORK— continued. Avon 126 36 2 10 Masters, F. It Copake Fails 24 1 Moore, James 0 Leicester 14 Mott, fcarl A Dryden 9 5 Mott', 0. D Hartwick 9 23 2 18 Stillwater 9 New Y ork State School of Agriculture . 1 Alfred 47 Do 7 Canton 27 39 Nye, M. B Alden 39 3 Orleans County Farm Albion 12 12 31 Worcester 1 14 Potter, E. L Fort Edward 17 Potter' L. G Oneonta 15 Robertson, W. J Fort Edward 19 Robinson, T. D. & D Mohawk 5 32 Rowe, L. F Milford 28 7 Skellie, A. J Worcester | 24 West ford 12 2 Smith, W. J Copenhagen 22 Snyder, S. G Worcester 11 Stearns , H. B Peru 7 Toby, W. A Lindley 27 Towsley and Loper 12 3 Tracy, H. C 7 10 1 Tyler, J. K Worcester 14 Baldwinsville 25 Van Wicklef C. H Geneva 16 39 Wait, J. R Auburn 43 Wart burg Orphan School Mount Vernon 10 Webster, H. R Worcester 6 White, R. D Locke 18 Whittemore, E. B Argvle 1 17 Wieting, C. A Cobleskill 45 Willow Brook Dairy Mount Vernon 19 36 Wagner, Arthur Richfield Springs 15 3 Wood, Mrs. W. A Hoosick Falls . 4 29 NORTH CAROLINA. Bahnson , F. H Farmington 1 12 Baird, Thos Asheville, R. 2 13 Blake, H. C Wilmington 2 31 Bradshaw, C. W Greensboro 48 Byorum.E. B Charlotte, R.3 3 9 Carter, H. L Biltmore 25 Chilson, Mary Salisbury 2 4 Creasman & Haynes Asheville 19 4 Deal, A. L Mooresville 6 48 De Jong, M Watha 23 Deer Park Dairy Biltmore 61 Greenwood, Melvin do 13 Gregg, J. H West Asheville, R. 5. . 18 Hildebrand, W. A Asheville 21 Holcomb, F. L Fayetteville 28 Lewis, J. R W alst onburg 18 Ludwick, J. F Salisbury 13 43 McGinnis, John M Matthews, R. 27 20 Mecklenburg County Home Derita 2 10 Moody, J.C Charlotte 19 Morrison, J. R Statesville - 4 23 Newman. J. E Pelham 13 North Carolina School for Deaf Morgan! on 4 33 Odd Fellows’ Orphanage Goldsboro 23 Orr,N. J Charlotte 51 Oxford Orphan Asylum Oxford 6 23 Parker Bros Durham 26 Pemberton, Tom Greensboro (Hunter herd) 18 Robbins, C. C High Point 8 21 Rogers & Upchurch Raleigh, R. 5 30 Royall, J. L Goldsboro 18 Russell, A. C Matthews . . 12 Scarborough, W. V Asheville, R. 1 21 Small, Jacob Greensboro 18 Smith, Geo. H Asheville 17 40 Department Circular lb3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred, j Grade. north Carolina — continued. Squires, W. W Matthews 1 14 State Hospital Goldsboro 54 State N orinal College 7 30 Stevens , J. C ~ Biltmore 14 Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Concord 2 23 Industrial School. Stradley , H Asheville, R.l 11 Thomasville Baptist Orphanage Thomasville 13 49 V anderwal , S . . 33 Weir & Dockery Asheville, R. 5 45 Weir, H. M 27 Wells, J. S Leicester 1 21 Winston-Salem Live Stock & Dairy Co. W inst on- Salem 63 Wolf, J. W Asheville 14 NORTH DAKOTA. Albertson , A Fargo 15 Anderson, A. I Wild Rice.... 1 23 Anderson, J. J Sheldon 11 Plumer 2 10 Barnes, A. H 36 Benjamison, M Mountain 1 12 Berquam, 0.0 Grafton 11 Bogus, John Bowbells 16 Bratzel, Phillip , jr Hebron 10 19 Carlson , Hans * . ” Enderlin 22 Chilberg, Ray Valley City 44 Christie, Ed ’ Danzig. . . 6 15 Cole, J. D. . . Grand Forks. . 30 22 Cotner, C. L Flasher 1 15 Dahlbeck, J. P Oakes 32 Deming, C. F Warwick 23 Franks , Chas. O Devils Lake 1 11 Goeltertz, W. C Kintyre 1 18 Golberg, S. S Harvey 1 35 Grabenhorst , W. J Flasher 16 Groth , J. P . Enderlin 1 16 Gustenshon, Theodore Havelock 8 1 Hancock, W. B Pembina 8 Havens, L. A Lark 2 15 Hedland, A. O Fargo 10 Hegrances Bros . . Grafton 18 Hexom, John Wild Rice 22 Holding, A. C Cayuga 6 Holle,C New Salem 5 8 Hollingshead , A1 Oriska 1 23 Horner, E. A. & G. E Finley - 8 Johnson, Olaf P . . Wahpeton , 1 16 Jones, John R. Hankinson 10 Jordan, A. C. . Driscoll 1 20 Kelley, Thos. Colgate 12 5 Kerdell, C Mandan 24 Klusman, Charles Y oungst own 25 Kinsman, Henry New Salem 4 15 Krantz, August Ken mare 12 Kroeger, F. W Y oungstown i 15 McDonald, A. W Valley Citj T . . 18 Michigan Mercantile Michigan 23 Morton, S. W Driscoll 10 Motsiff, S. F Mandan l ' 15 Nootnagle, Ed . Devils Lake 10 Agricultural College . . . Agricultural College 18 4 State Prison Bismarck 72 Reform School Mandan 1 29 O’Connor, Larry Grand Forks 12 9 Olson, C. A Milton 1 34 Osborn, W. E Dazey 11 3 Otto Fred Hillsboro 2 12 Payne, James Knox 1 20 Payne P O Argusville 1 11 Regstad Chris Esmond 5 16 Reierson, Martin .do 4 14 Reinochl F J Lari more 15 Richland County Poor Farm Wahpeton 10 2 Riedesel, Lewis Cathay 13 Sawver. M. I Driscoll 19 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 41 HOLSTEIN-FRIESI AN— Continued. | Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. I Purebred. north Dakota — continued. Grade. Schebler, Chas Scheffert, L. J Seiler, O. J Severtson, S. O Shaud, J. E Sheard, H. E Smith, D Smith, Emerson H Sorensen Bros. & Challey. State Substation Stensrude, Ole Tellman, Ed Tuttle, C. E Van Steuart, Constant. . . Vogel, Wm Westad & Peterson Westley, Hans Wiebers, F. H Wilkinson, M. E Wolter, Henry Wyckoff, W. W Yedstey, Peter . Bismarck Michigan Jamestown. . Esmond Schafer Cathay Devils Lake . Fargo Webster Hettinger. . . Flaxton Y oungstown . Donnybrook. Devils Lake . Lark Maddock Cooperstown Flasher Jessie Hebron Embden Cumings 3 1 1 2 3 19 9 17 19 1 1 4 17 11 18 10 12 15 17 15 4 13 14 22 10 5 11 7 25 41 11 OHIO. Allen, Bruce H Allyn Estate Ames, Vern E Andrus, F. M Ansted, R. E Armstrong, Claude Ash Bros Athens-County Children’s Home Babst, Daniel Bacon & Son, Geo. H Barlow, Dr. Page Bates & Son, F. A Bax, William Baxter, E. O Beal, Joe Beal, P. C Beilharz, H. L Bemenderfer, H. K Bender, W. H Bettinger, Leo Biehler, C. P Bishop, C. E., & Morgan, J. A . . . Bixler, Noah Bixler, William Blosser, J. M Bockelman, Carl Boerger, C. J Boger, Guy H Bokerman, George Bonte, Michael Boyes, John Bowles, J. E Bowman & Son, C. E Bratton, C. F Breice, Henry Briggs, C. L Britsch, Adam Brown, H. O Brown, Jed Brown & Meyers Buchman, F. L Buck waiter, A. M Buell, Carl Burckhart, C. M Burgbacker, H. F Burke, J. M Burkholder, A. E Burkholder, Sam Burnham, F. W Butdorf, F. D Caris, Frank Morenci, Mich., farm, Fulton County, Ohio. Hiram Bryan Ashtabula Monclova Austinburg Ada Athens Crestline Vermilion St. Clairsville Wauseon Mount Healthy West Farmington Wellington do Liberty Center Bloomville Wauseon Berkey Rockyridge Peninsula Orrville do Rawson Napoleon Marysville Lyons Napoleon Fayette Lyons Athens Berlin Center Delta Tallmadge Lodi Pettisville New Springfield Vermilion Napoleon Tiffin Dalton Litchfield Orrville Bryan Wakeman * Wauseon do..... Conneaut Creston Rockyridge ’ 5 3 8 9 23 24 7 11 3 14 6 6 2 15 2 2 19 7 3 6 30 10 7 4 7 9 7 1 7 1 17 5 6 2 12 9 8 12 15 3 6 16 2 5 14 5 1 1 16 16 7 1 9 10 13 17 14 8 3 11 10 7 14 2 8 3 1 14 10 13 6 28 21 3 13 2 6 24 29 11 13 2 3 8 14 16 5 42 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address . Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. ohio— continued . Case, Harry Hudson . . . 46 6 Castle, C. O Swanton i c Caulkins, Chas West Unity 16 O Chambers, S. S Grove City. . 38 Chitwood, W. R Dayton g Churchill, 0 . B Cortland 19 A Circle “W” Farm Gates Mills TC Clapp & Malloy 1 c Q Clemson, Albert Chardon lo 15 o Cockley, W. B Lexington ... . 21 1 Collins, Fred Berkey 4 1 3 Cook, William F 59 1 4 Cox, Robert Dorset 15 Crabb, Geo. E Toledo... 14 1 Crawford, Earl N apoleon It 2 1 8 Crile, M. A Fresno 27 Curth, S Nankin g 1 Hague, George M Spencer . 10 o Daisy Hill Farm Chagrin Falls 95 o o Davidson, W. D Marathon 23 4 Davis, J. Harry Williamsfield. . . 13 Dean, Arthur Blacklick 16 Dean, Samuel 25 Dilley, A. E. & J. P Cortland 12 0 Drew'es, W. D 7 a Dubach Bros 1 o 30 Dusenberry, A. B Chesterland . . 22 Egbert, J. H. & J. L Everett 20 Eicher, Henry Archbold 9 Elder, L. G Cortland . . 4 oc Eldridge, 0. M Wauseon.. g 40 19 Enlow, D. S Akron 3 Q Farison, Guy Malinta . . if 1 Farris, W. J Akron 9 , 1 14 Fay, M. 0 Wakeman 7 7 Fay, Thomas g i li Fee & Son, W. A Cortland 27 Feiszli, John Vermilion. ll 9 Figy, Charles Napoleon 0 4 A Fisher & Son, H. K Fostoria 3 U Q Foos Farm South Charleston 101 «7 Forest & Kline Wauseon.. 5 Fouty, Grant E 5 o Frederick & Van Schoik.. . Ashtabula 16 9 French Bros Andover . . 18 l Garrow, John A Morenci, Mich.; farm Fulton County, 21 Ohio. Geiger, Walter Pandora .... 3 3 George, C. F Okeana . . . 3 A Gerber, Joseph Sugarcreek 22 O 2 Givens, Roy J Bellaire 11 Gless, Peter L East Akron . . 2 13 Gongler, Charles E 18 Good, Charles Sandusky 3 11 Green County Infirmary Xenia 12 Greenlee, John J Bridgeport 27 Gregg, Harry Wellington.. 12 2 Griffin, Bayliss Sylvania 21 Griffin & Jones Fayette i 19 Grisier & Robinson Wauseon 22 Hall & Son, William Tiffin 10 1 Hallier, George Oakharbor . 2 6 Harmon, H. E Leipsic g Harris, Mrs. T. J Huron .... 6 i Harroun Bros Svl vania . 33 Hartzler, C. F Weilersville . 14 4 Haskins, G. B Wakeman 5 5 Hastings, Merle Wellington. 2 4 Havens, Willis B Fremont . 5 10 Hawkins, G. C Morenci, Mich.; farm Fulton County 27 Ohio. ’ Hay, Charles Findlay 44 Hazen, A. F Alliance 8 ii Hendricks, E. M Napoleon. .'. . 3 10 Herbruck Bros Cuyahoga Falls . . . 21 Herring, Leroy L Oakharbor . 2 Hilty, Philip Bluffton 3 5 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 43 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors . Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. ohio — continued. Hinderer & King Archbold 18 13 8 15 Hoover, W. 0 32 Horr, C. W 54 3 5 1 r Delta 8 10 4 9 Terrace Park 7 12 Bellaire 1 7 13 6 11 2 12 2 Kent 5 9 Kalber' Albert 6 Keener, A. F 15 1 Keener & Mohr do 13 Keller, A. E 10 4 Keough, William Delta 5 3 11 8 13 Kittle Bros 35 Kittleberger, J. B Akron 17 Kryder, G. fit 11 4 Lampman, J. C 11 Langdon, W. E Grove City -4 6 Lathrop, Jerome B Berkey . . 12 4 Lathrop’ L. A 1 16 Lawrence, C. W Springfield 4 9 Leadrach, R. W Vermilion 18 1 Leatherman, H. J Colton .... 4 11 Leatherman, W. D .. ..do 3 14 Lemert, W. W Napoleon 1 12 Leow, Emery C Oakharbor . 9 Lewis, M. E Swanton 9 6 Lockwood, H. J Oakharbor 2 4 Loehr, E. C Medina 2 4 Logan, Victor Kinsman 8 16 Longworth, George FeUcity 4 15 Lozier, John Wauseon 10 Luther, H. R Peninsula 15 McCann, Dr. T. A Dayton 6 McClelland, 0. C. & A. R Newark 14 1 McCloy, A. C Bridgeport 11 McCombs, F. J Warren ... . 22 5 McCool, J. H Covington 9 McElheny & Bunn Tiflm 10 McDonald, A. A Wakeman 6 2 McQuillin, George R Swanton . . 13 McMahon, J. C Clyde 7 1 Mason, C. C McClure 6 5 Medina Infirmary Medina 29 Meteer, J Columbus 11 Mever, G. Fred Napoleon 22 Miller, C. I Medina 12 1 Miller, Hon. C. K Fayette 12 3 MiUer, D. K Austinburg 3 3 Miller, Sam A Swanton 4 7 MiUer & Son, C. E Liberty Center 4 7 Milfikin & Son, R Cortland 14 Monck, S. J Painesville 15 8 Morley, T. D West Mentor 28 Myers, C. M Wellington. . 7 4 Myers, H. J Wauseon 3 7 Myers, J. G Berkey 7 Newlon, Guy A Newton Falls 23 2 Nichols, C. P. & C. H Mantua 15 Nofziger, Simon Stryker 5 4 Nofzingei\ Jacob A Elmira 3 5 Norton, H. F Wauseon, R. 5. . . 9 1 Oberhaus, J. F Napoleon 14 Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Xenia 3 55 Home. Owens, Cecil West Farmington. 8 2 Peck, Frank H Amherst 14 9 Pfaff, Albert Swanton 7 44 Department Circular ib3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Cattle once tested'with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. ohio — continued . PfafI, F. G Pfouts, G. O Pierce & Haughton Pinkelman, H. L Pittman, George Plassman, C. H Pontius, H. M Prindle, J. J Reece, C. S Renner, J. A Rickenberg, FredH Robasser, Vem Robinson, O. L Rohrs, John Roice & McQuate Roth, Fred Rudibaugh, Adam Ruebush, C. W Rupp, Ralph Russell & M ohler Rychener, Elmer Scales, J. G Schumucker, J. W Schneidhorst, R. G Schuette, Herman Schumacher, Wilbert Slagle, C. F Smith & DeFields Smith, J. Frank Snow, Arthur Snyder, W. H Sonnenberg, C. I' Sonnenberg, G. H Sonnenberg, Theo Sorg, H. A Sower, A. B ; Spencer, A. L Spring & Porter Starr, W. T Steenson, Earl Steigerwalt, E. A Steiner, Fred J Steiner, William Stern, E. H Stevens, Elmont Stevenson, W . H Steward & Clapp Steward & Son, G. M Stewart, George R Stillson Bros Stone, W. H Stong & Egnew Struble, C. E., & Connell, L. E Sunbury, Thad Trinter, Wm Trumbull County Experiment Farm . . . Turner, Mathias Vogle, A. B Walcutt, R. N Walker Bros Wasson, J. M Weber, John Weichers, H. F Weiss, George Willerton, F. G Willson, II. E.,& S. V Wise, John A., & Son Wolter, Carl W Woodford, B. D Delta Chagrin Falls West Farmington Sylvania McClure Napoleon Liberty Center. . . West view Wooster Garretts ville Napoleon Swanton Medina Napoleon W ellington Archbold Leetonia Dayton Archbold Liberty Center Archbold Hudson Archbold Lockland Napoleon, R. 4 Bluff ton Pandora Alexandria Grafton Barberton do West Liberty Sugar Grove Vermilion Napoleon Wellington Lake Bryan Napoleon Holgate do Oakharbor Fayette W auseon do Wellington Archbold Wadsworth Massillon do do Rutland Wellington Liberty Center. do St. Clairsville. . Kent Nova Lyons Grelton Farmdale Vermilion Cortland Union ville Oakharbor Sycamore Athens Austinburg Wauseon. Napoleon, R. 4. Rogers ville Bellaire. Delta Bellaire Oakharbor Mesopotamia. . . 2 7 13 4 10 1 2 17 7 4 3 1 8 30 9 17 5 1 3 9 2 5 11 11 12 5 11 4 20 5 5 13 4 11 6 9 17 8 1 1 6 2 1 2 28 10 33 11 5 11 19 4 11 8 17 6 2 2 2 14 1 17 28 4 14 13 2 18 3 10 24 9 12 20 4 2 19 5 9 2 5 3 2 26 12 10 4 9 7 15 3 5 2 4 4 6 20 1 8 11 13 11 2 9 7 16 2-3 10 4 5 8 15 1 5 35 31 14 5 9 19 3 4 6 7 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 45 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. ohio— continued. Woolever, A. C 1 26 Wright, Alfred 23 Wright, J. A., & Adams, Robert Liberty Center 1 8 Wright & Schwartzlander 12 10 Wyse, Dan E Archbold 4 6 Yaussy, John G Bucyrus. . . 23 2 Yaussvj Otto do. 10 Yingling A Son, Chas 1 7 Yoder, John Z • 16 Zeigler, George M Fayette ... . 15 l Zimmerman f G eor ge Wauseon 17 OKLAHOMA. Allen, George El Reno 12 Agricidturarand Mechanical College Stillwater 14 Blake, Ed E El Reno ... 36 Garrett, H. T 1 14 Kayser, C. E Bartlesville. . . 17 16 Kennedy, J. M El Reno 26. Lessenger, C. M 14 24 Mier, David 15 41 Mohinke, L. T El Reno 5 33 Murray State School Tishomingo . 6 16 Pontius, J. C Yu icon. . . . 36 5 Rvan, Martin V Kremlin 5 7 Schmidt, Chas., jr El Reno ... 1 25 Spriggs, S. 0 do 1 29 Tate, H. H 27 Thompson, G. R 1 26 Worthington, Chas. W do 39 OREGON. Anderson, Ernest Astoria 25 Barendse, J. W Blind Slough 29 Bates, E. G W arrenton 14 Benter, Adolph Goshen 10 12 Beming Bros Mount Angel 22 Bray, William M Klamath Falls 3? Carlson, Arvid Astoria 91 Carmichael, Thomas Gaston 27 Cornelius, C. W Portland 13 Eilers, Uly Aurora 11 Gustason, Jacob Astoria 14 Jocelyn, William Boring 13 Klamath Indian School Klamath Agency 19 Klein Bros Silverton 12 Kuenzi, Herman 17 Lundman, Jalmar Astoria 11 McCall, Henry Prineville 36 Magee, C. S McMinnville 10 Paget, L. L Gaston. . . 22 Platt, Walter F Springfield 13 Phv, Dr. W. T Hot Lake 21 Sale Bros Astoria 19 Salem Indian School Chemawa 20 Sales, J. F Astoria 34 Scharen Bros Creswell 9 9 Seppa, Mike Astoria 34 Strucken, John Portland 13 Tagg, Harold Warrenton 16 Thurston, B. S., & Son Jefferson 16 Tokelson, M Prineville 11 Umatilla Indian School Pendleton 17 Watson, Fred Olney 14 Wilson, T. E Astoria 27 PENNSYLVANIA. Alcorn, A. W Titusville 11 Allison, E. Page West Chester, Town’s End Farm 22 8 Antes, Philip C Williamsport, R. 2 , Garden View Farm 12 2 Armour, W. J Grove City 3 16 Armstrong, Miss Lida 3 11 Bache, Wm Wellsboro 1 24 Bailey, Dwight H I Mansfield 12 17 Bailey, John W ! Tioga 28 46 Department Circular ik3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re£ Purebred. tested with- Lctors. Grade. Pennsylvania— continued. Bailey, W. A., & Son Dimock 23 Baker/ Guy../. Dushore. Maple Grove Farm 4 15 Barnes, Geo. D Grove City. /. 5 Beatty, A. H Grove City, R. 13.'. . 1 14 Bennett & Latzer Willsboro". . 79 Bray, Chas. W Bridgeport, R. 1, Bellwood Farm 49 Brown, J. G Titusville, R. 5. .' 10 Titusville' star route . 13 Carpenter, A. B Wellsboro', R. 4 •. 11 14 Chambers' H. B Mahoningtown, R. R 16 18 Chapin, E. W Enon Valley, PL. 2 1 28 Edinburg. /.'. 5 9 Childs, J. J Titusville, R. 2.. 16 Christy, D. S Tarentum, R. 2 8 5 Clement, Thomas Lincoln University 17 Cooper, Clyde C., & Son Sugar grove " 7 3 Courtney, "Geo. ^ Mercer, R. 6 5 | 9 do/. 10 Davidson', WmG Albington, Brentwood Farm 63 : Davis, A. 'P Westfield, R. 2 12 Davis^ Geo. N., & Son do 8 22 Davis' J. H.. . / Edinburg, R. 2 12 1 6 Decker, C. C Smethpor't, R. 3 4 I 18 Decker' G. Fulmer South Montrose, Edgwood Stock Farm 18 Dempsey, R. J Dushore 15 Jackson Center, R. 19 l ; 13 Midway ' 20 Drew, Charles D Mansfield, R. 1 5 i 9 Dunham, Wm... . Tioga, R.'l 3 1 18 Dunlap, L. E Meshoppen 14 5 Eddy, M. M. . . . Tryonville 10 Elde , J. B Volant, R. 3 21 Ellsworth. H. E., & Son Meshoppen, R. 5 26 Ely, Dr. Geo. W Bridgeville, R. 3 6 4 Evans, David L Crooked Creek, R. 1 2 10 Fletcher, W. H., & Son Wellsboro, R. 3 2 17 Fogal, Gustus West Middlesex 13 Forbes, H. L Sandy Lake, R. 25 3 18 Forrey, H. N York 21 2 Gates, H. C Canton 26 Gorham, F. W Wysox 24 4 Hays, E. H . Imperial, R. 1 18 Holmes &. Gilflllan Smethport 37 Horton, Crary & Co Warren 49 Howell, E. C. Wellsboro, R. 3 12 Hunter, James W Grove City 35 Ideal Squab Co. (Inc ) Butler. 22 1 Kays G. B Lewistown, R. 2 13 Kennedy. W. B Wyalusing, R. 1 14 25 Kerr, Nathan Kingsville 1 12 King M. M Mercer, R. 2 11 10 Kna.nfF, Jacob F Mercer, R. 6 4 11 Lane Arthur Westfield, R. 2 1 21 Lathrop TV. A Estate Montrose, R.6 28 1 Leslie J. Chas New Galilee, R. 1 11 Lotz A W Rochester, R . 1 14 Luzerne County Industrial School for Kis-Lyn 56 Boys. Lyman A. R. -. Meshoppen, R. 4 3 45 Lytle, L. E Jackson Center, R. 20 5 11 McBride G. C New Galilee, R. 3 3 15 McCamant J M West Chester 13 McCracken J P Brookville 8 Mclntire G . TV Mercer, R. 1. 5 10 McKean J A & E B Smethport 25 1 McKee 1 H Grove City, R. 13 11 Manning L B Tioga, R. 4 17 MarkTey , F J Tryonville, Woodland Farm 18 Maryatt, F. A Townville, Highland Home Farm 1 13 Maryott L H Townville 11 Miller B. S Slippery Rock, R . 3 17 24 Minor O.S Volant, R. 1 - — 3 21 Mollena.ner E P Canonsburg, R. 1 11 3 Morgan Reese 1 South Montrose 6 9 Mrozek Joseph 1 Mahoningtown, R. 8 10 16 National Farm School ! Farm School - 23 11 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 47 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. PENNSYLVANIA— continued. Oesterling, Elias, & Son Paulhamus, H. R Payne, E. J Peebles, T. V Phillips, G.I Ralston, Harry Reddick, H. M Roberts, C. E Rohe, G. Ralph Rosettie, Daniel Schreiner, F. T Scott Bros Scott, Chas. W Shaffer, J. H. & H. L Shaw, Albert L Smith, W.N Spencer, F. A. & J. J Stahlman, S. J State Hospital for Insane Stevens, Roy Stoner, Robert B Stewart, L. J., & Sons Swisher, Chas. P., & Son Thompson, G. Clyde United States Army General Hospit Wagner, Mrs. F. W Wahl, Fred M Welch, M. Reed Wenrich, Reuben D Wetzel, C. A White, J. P White, Thos. C Wishart, J. R al 31. Butler, R. 8 Hepburn ville Jackson Summit Titusville Alexandria, R. 1 Butler, R. 1 Slippery Rock, R. 5 Wyalusing, R. 1 Dushore, R. R., Keystone Stock Farm Wellsboro, R. 4 Titusville Coraopolis, R. 2 Oakdale, R. 1 New Castle, R. 2 Tioga, R. 4 Millerton, R. 1 do.... Brook ville, R. 6 Warren Rutland j R. 1 New Castle Imperial Christiana, R. 1, Sunny Banks Farm. . Chambersburg, R. 10 Carlisle Titusville, R. 4 New Brighton, R. 2 Burgettstown Werners ville. Grand View Farm New Castle, R. 3 Hickory, R. 1., Hughes Hill Farm Westford Sharps ville, R. 56 24 5 4 23 3 10 3 1 9 5 6 4 9 13 8 66 6 37 3 6 1 10 40 2 21 31 18 Ayers, H. B Singleton, Ernest. RHODE ISLAND. Westerly Woonsocket 68 14 SOUTH CAROLINA. Burgess, C. C Campbell, C. C Gardner, J. K Hinton, J. H Jeter, W. H McCravy,S. T Mayfield, J. K Mobley, W. A Patton, F. G Ravenel, Rene Sahlman, L South Carolina Sanatorium Spencer, A. E Wells, C. L Greenville do Hartsville Greenwood, R. Carlisle Spartanburg . . . Denmark Johnston Charleston do do Columbia, R. 3. Clinton Greenwood 1 6 61 13 2 1 21 40 12 21 1 18 5 12 13 17 16 11 11 25 3 100 18 4 1 12 47 18 16 1 17 8 15 39 43 12 33 13 13 10 19 11 38 61 14 17 37 SOUTH DAKOTA. Ardmore Experiment Station Brown, M. E Casey, M. H Cleveland, Robt. A Crow Creek Indian School Eaton, J. M Erwin & Stevenson Gage & Kurtz Howell, O. Everett King, Ed King, John E Lagerquist, S. A Lowthioam, W. J March, J. J Miller , Paul Nissen, Peter Olson, B. O Schmidt, H. H South Dakota School for Deaf Mutes Ardmore Groton Madison Hetland Fort Thompson, Bellefourche Groton do Florence Clark do Lantry Milbank Hot Springs Willow Lake St. Onge Naples Madison Sioux Falls 16 3 13 1 4 19 32 9 4 9 3 2 1 4 13 6 4 19 12 10 11 21 28 13 4 13 26 8 11 40 8 30 2 7 48 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. State Soldiers’’ Home State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis. Sunday, James Thompson, Theo. H United States Indian School Youngquist, A. G Allen, W. N Banks, King Baseheart, J. A Brewer, I. A Chase & Mullins Clark, R. M Cleveland, R. L Clifton, H. G Crump, D. H Cunningham, Frank Dale Bros Farrell, J. O Ferguson Farms Henderson, Elmer Lea, T. O Neergaard, J. T Moinette, A. L Paty, C.E Peek, W. L Perry, E. F Phelan, Mrs. A. R Pressman’s Home Schaefer, Frank Tenn. School for Deaf and Dumb... Western Hospital for Insane Flower dale Farm. Adamson, Davis Andreasen, Hans Atkinson,!. I Atwood, E. A Baker, M Bennett, Geo. H Bennett, F. P Bennett, Chas Benson, J. Perry Bodily, J. E Boyce, Peter Bringhurst, L. Scott. Broadbent, J. T Buckway, Tom Cahoon, Roy Cardon, A. F Carlisle, Tom Chakos,Geo Cherry Hi 1 ID airy . . . Clegg , Lewis & Joy . . Clark, E. B Clark, H. D Clark, E. H Cowan, Richard Cowan, Lewis Crane, H. S Criddle, Wm Dittmore,Geo Dougligery , Stavous. Erickson, J. B Fillerup, Andrew P. . Fowlks, J. W Frahm, J. H Gammon , Harry Godfrey, Horace T Graham, A. J Gurney, Wm. F Address. south Dakota — continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Hot Springs. Custer Madison Astoria Rapid City. . Watertown.. TENNESSEE. Bartlett Rains Winchester Union City Lucy Winchester Whitehaven Bartlett Memphis Clarksville Nashville, R. 3. Buntyn Dyersburg Bartlett Brownsville Kingston Winchester Memphis Whitehaven Memphis Raleigh Rogers ville Winchester Knoxville Bolivar Dallas. Alpine Provo Woods Cross. Sandy Ogden Layton Kaysville ....do Woods Cross. Layton Provo Murray do Ogden Woods Cross. Logan Alpine Provo do do Farmington.. do do Ogden do Riverton Layton. Pleasant Grove. Salt Lake City. Murray. Provo Murray. . — do.... Vineyard. Murray . . Alpine Lehi 25 Grade. 1 18 11 8 4 18 64 5 33 12 20 36 14 1 6 14 3 24 8 10 10 3 29 12 17 7 1 16 3 10 56 19 17 5 25 2 23 6 6 35 15 14 20 28 3 32 23 9 8 1 6 15 1 30 12 16 18 8 2 8 15 12 11 16 , 17 11 34 24 12 16 10 22 i6 ! 7 12 27 12 33 23 23 11 15 —1 13 17 16 6 12 21 16 10 24 17 15 2 21 11 13 12 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 49 HOLSTEIN-FR IESIAN— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. UTAH — continued . Hatch, Wilfred Hatch, Gilbert Hatch, Glenn Hatch, Jno. I Hatch, E. T Hatch, Ansel Harding, Jesse Harding, Roy Hansen , H . P Hn ckley,L. N Hoggan, Walter Holdaway, Elmer . . Holdaway , Albert . . Holdaway, W. R... Hoiby, H. C Holwe, H. E Larsen, Dan Lloyd, E. G Lloyd, M. G McKay, T.E McQuarrie, D.S McQuarrie, Paul Madsen, J. J Maddock & George. Marrott, W. A Marrott , Clarence Minor, M. O Maag,Con Moffat, J. F Morrell, J. W Moss, Dan Nielsen, A. P Olsen, Alma Parkin, H. G Powell, T. E Pulley, Andre Rawlings, Mary Ritchie, Lawrence. . . Roberts, Emil Robinson, J. B Rice, L. S Schenk, J. H Shumway, Bradford. Satson, C. E Sjoblom, Andrew Shaw, Geo. F Smith, G. F Snape, Jas Stone, A. H Stubbs, Jno. W Swanson, C. E Taylor, Geo. P Taylor, L. J Taylor, A. W Thompson, J. T Woods Cross do do do do do Provo do Layton Provo Woods Cross. Provo do Ogden Murray Provo Murray Provo Huntsville Woods Cross... do Provo Salt Lake City. Pleasant Grove. do Provo do Murray Logan Woods Cross... Riverton Logan Woods Cross... Ogden American Fork. Provo Ogden do Salt Lake City. Farmington Logan Provo Alpine... Riverton Murray do American Fork. Salt Lake City. . Charleston Harrisville Ogden do Harrisville Murray 5 ii' 44 23 9 8 7 22 "i 13 13 10 9 15 20 13 10 17 14 13 4 22 21 28 49 14 17 10 12 16 12 13 87 22 20 11 10 10 16 11 6 14 16 11 10 15 19 12 10 24 10 17 11 10 11 102 14 30 14 13 23 VERMONT. Anderson, L. H Atkinson, Earle Austin, C. H., & J. Hutton Bailey, L. J Balch, H. A Bancroft, Dr. E. H.,SunnysideFarm. Bancroft. F. C Barber, Arthur C Bates, G. H Beard, R. E.,& Co Beck, R. E Bedor, George uemis, C. A Billings, B. A Billings, Chester R Bingham, Roy Bjorn, J. C West Glover Plainfield Cabot Williamstown. . . Hardwick Barre do Plainfield Newport Center. . Orange Royalton St. Johnsbury. . . Williamstown — Rochester do Middlebury Randolph Center. 15 29 12 4 8 4 2 24 2 2 12 5 6 6 2 22 35 15 5 24 12 18 10 9 11 12650°— 20 4 50 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. Vermont — continued. Bousquet, A Lowell OQ Boutin, John Lake ZO 99 Boynton, L. D Morris ville ZZ 14 1 A Bra men, Frank Washington... Briggs, Merton E Barre 10 IQ Briggs, William P Williamstown . . . 13 AO 1 Bump, W. F Salisbury 13 1 ^ Burditt, George E Rochester Burnham, Elmer Marshfield AO 19 Cano, M Barre 11 Carl, Theo Lowell 1 A Carsbn, Fred J Danville. 4 AO 18 10 Cass, William H Clark, A. G U nion V illage. . . 98 Clark, Mrs. Kate, HomeFarm West Milton zo 26 Clark, T. C. (Mary Clark estate) Williston 20 Clark, Wright 97 Cline, F. G South Newbury.. 2 23 Colby, E. J Plainfield 17 Conarit, Vance V ershire 10 Conrad, L. M Hardwuck 19 Corbin, C. S Cornwall 17 Corliss, G. M East S wanton 29 Cummings, George I Montpelier. 15 12 Cumming, J. A Barre 22 Currier, W. S Island Pond. 18 Curtis, E. A 4 56 Curtis, Victor Washington 18 Cushman, E. B New Haven 19 Cutler, Carleton Springfield 11 Davis, Charles S Norton Mills 26 Dillon, Edward A Bristol 45 Drennan, R. F Woodbury Center 27 Duffy, Walter F Windsor. . . . 39 Dupuis, George Washington 23 Dwinell, H. A Marshfield . . . 4 14 Elliot, Lee Island Pond 20 Emerson, C. W Barre 10 Emerson, F. B Orange.. .. 18 Fisher, D. L Randolph. 20 Flynn, L. M West Topsham 3 g Forbes, Catherine A St. Johnsbury. 2 18 Gardner, C. W Newport 39 Gifford, Charles E Bethel 23 Gilbert, Lewis D Morrisville . . 2 25 Gilman, G. A Orleans 14 Gove, Elmer E Burlington 6 7 Gray, L. M; Plainfield . 17 11 Greene, James E Waterbury.. 13 42 Hallock, W. P Vergennes... 21 3 Hardy, F. M North Troy 6 Harte, M. D Vergennes 22 Holmes, F. E Randolph Center 19 House, L. W Bloomfield 12 Howard, F. W Randolph 17 Howe, James Barre 14 Hutchins, George East Barre ! 14 Hyland, M. W Williamstowm i 19 Jennings, W. B East Wallingford 56 Johnson, Andrew East Montpelier 21 Johnson, A. F.,& Son Bradford 41 Joslyn, W. C Waitsfield 27 Kittredge, H. Z Danville 13 7 LaBelle, W. J White River Junction 5 g LaFlower, Napoleon Williamstown 13 Lamorav, E. G i West Glover 19 Leavitt, L. D Greensboro Bend 26 Leonard, L. E Pittsford 22 Leonard, Willard Glover . . 14 Letter, Eugene Barre 21 Libby, F. A Chelsea 16* Linton, G. C Randolph Center 23 Macauley, D. F Shoreham 39 Marsceill, E dgar Bristol 32 43 Martin, W. E Norwich 6 15 Martyn, Murray Plainfield 18 33 Martin, R. J Rochester 10 1 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 51 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Vermont — continued. Thetford . 16 4 Salisbury. 14 43 .do . 16 Merrill,H. J.,& Son, Home Farm 26 6 Bethel . 15 19 25 Plainfield 16 19 Newell, G. J Plainfield 5 21 21 16 25 Ordwav, York 4 14 19 28 Perkins, George, & Son 56 4 # 4 38 Phelps, A. W . . ! 5 15 33 50 20 6 12 42 Powell, C. C 8 14 19 Purdy, J. L> 36 Randa, E . J South Royalton. 15 Richardson, H. A Lowell | 34 Richardson, H. S W estfleld 42 Riddel, Charles Williamstown f 22 Robinson, W South Hero 24 2 Robinson, W. H Sharon.. 36 Rouhan, James Barre 2 28 Rutherford, D.S Woodstock.. 15 Sanborn, L. F Barre _ 8 26 Sanders, P. G Granite ville 20 Sawin, E. D., & Son Windsor 20 Scott, N. T Newport 15 Seaver, F. C W illiamstown 24 Seaver, W. M .do 12 Shackett, E.T New Haven. 41 Sicard, J Barton 11 Skinner, H. A B arre 1 22 Smalley, E. A Morrisville 2 1 Smith, A. T., & Son B arre 42 9 Smith, H. E Williamstown 31 Smith, J. E White River Junction 14 10 Smith, W. H Barre 6 14 Spooner, B. C Randolph 11 Spooner, S. M Bethel 11 Sprague, James P East Brookfield 5 26 Stanclifie, G. S Morrisville 6 35 Stevens, H. H Bloomfield . 21 Stevenson, M. A Newport 15 St. Paul’s Church, J. A. Harrington, Vergennes 32 trustee. Strobridge, F. E Barnet 22 Swane, J. A Brookfield 3 24 Thomas, 0. A Rutland 58 Thorbum, Andrew N orwich 2 21 Town, Dean P Plainfield 13 Tripp, E. R Williamstown 27 Turner, William B Orange 4 6 Tuttle, G. M South Londonderry 66 University of V ermont Burlington 15 Vermont Marble Co: Florence Farm Proctor 67 M. H. Reynolds Farm 73 V ermont Sanitarium Pittsford 16 Waite, S. B Hyde Park 11 Ward, B. S., Flannagan Farm Moretowm 38 5 Washburn, A. B Brookfield 22 Wheeler, W. P Plainfield 14 Wheeler & Keeler North Craftsbury 16 White Bros West Topsham 1 17 8 52 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. Name. Address. j Cattle onc< out r( Purebred. Vermont — continued. Whitney, Ora Barre . O Wilcox, Ralph C Randolph Center A 3 Willey, L. M Barton Wing, W. H St. Johnsbury . Rochester. 20 Woodman. W. S. . Vergennes... Woodward, C. L South Royalton 12 Young, F. L Randolph Center VIRGINIA. Akers, P. D R ocky mount A Andes, A. J Bealeton... Andes, S. K Remington. A Anthony, W. P Harrisonburg 1 i Ashby, W. W Remington Atkinson, W. P Dumbarton. Baptist Orphanage Salem Barbour, J. S Fairfax Beahm, G. W Midland • Beane Bros Catiett . . Beck, C. Nelson C harlottes ville 7 Beck, X Richmond a o 2 Bishop, J. S Hampton, R. R Boteler, R. E Remington Bowman, J Callaway. a Bowman, L. A o a Boyer, J. M W oodstock. . o B ready, Geo. R Herndon Burkholder Bros B urner C W^ Harrisonburg, R. 1 . . Bush, H. B., & Bro. . . Cameron F M Water lick Miehaux Carter, F. Scott McLean Warrenton, R 1 i Cassell, John Calverton Cheney Bros Randolph Clark, C. F Culpeper c Clark, J. C Mount Jackson o A Clarkson, J. A Brooke wood Clingenpeel, C. J Boone Mill AO Coffman, J. A Bealeton . . Comer. W. N Luray Crabill, D. M Toms Brook o Crenshaw, H. J Charlottesville JJ Crenshaw, W. G Crowell J L Orange Cummings, J. S. D Vienna Hampton Curies Neck Farm Richmond.. . Q Davis, C. B Witt o Delp, Strawder Fairfax Diehl, W. L Nokesville Drinker, Geo. R Richmond 1 Dunlop, Davis Petersburg . 27 Eakin, J. L Blacksburg Edmonson, W. G McLean. . i Ferguson, L. C Herndon ± Fitzwater, I. B Nokesville Funkhouser, Arthur Midland Funkhouser, G. C Fairfax Gaskins, W. T Catlett . . Gentry, P. H Charlottesville i Glaettli, Carl Catlett . l Gold, J. C Winchester Golladay, Ernest. . . . W oodstock. . GoUaday, W. L 2 Good, D. A Remington Green, John S. . . Manassas.... Griffith, J. T.,jr Hamilton Groves, 0. A Remington Gwin, C. A Alexandria.. Hale & Fogle Nokesville Hall, H.T Roanoke. . Hannah, F. R Fincastle.. Harpine, J. W Mount Jackson 9 Harrison, H. B Purcellville A Hepner, S. B W oodstock Hiner, Geo. D Manassas O Grade. 6 11 41 11 11 40 22 18 13 54 17 5 17 19 12 19 27 27 13 19 46 13 64 18 44 92 13 19 18 22 12 5 18 45 27 32 55 17 ' 27 13 13 1 18 23 18 21 12 15 12 31 41 15 11 8 12 28 12 10 16 12 29 27 7 17 12 11 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 53 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out ret Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. Virginia — continued. 12 38 Hoi land , E d war d Eastville 18 Hollins College Hollins 52 7 Hoover, W. C Timberville 32 Howard, W. L Manassas 14 Huff, P. C Roanoke 103 Isenberg, Mrs. F. C Catlett 43 Ivy, W. S 5 12 20 37 Jeffress^ T. F 1 13 19 Jones, B. W Dry Fork... . 41 Kesler, P. W 19 Kimberly, J. B 14 Kirkpatrick, Webster Ashburn . . 15 Lary, S. P./ N orge 4 20 Laughlin, Clifton McLean 5 13 Leigh, H. V 12 19 Lohr, A. B 2 37 16 Lynn, Mrs. Roberta Bristow 22 HcClanahan, C. G Vienna 15 McComb, F. W 3 49 23 Mack, Albert 1 10 Manassas Industrial School Manassas 13 2 Marshall, R Williamsburg 16 Martin, R. C Bealeton . . 26 Martin, W. G., & Son Remington 4 33 Mason, S. M Gainesville 25 Mateer, R. E Hunter 16 Middleton, M. H Herndon Miller, J.C Sperryville. . H 52 Miller, J. P. F Bealeton . . 7 24 Miller, W. 0 Manassas 12 Millman, J. M Bealeton . . . 39 Mohler, F.N Herndon 15 20 Morris, Jas. S Charlottesville 2 20 Myers, H. F Clifton Station 51 Naff, J. A Boone Mill 2 23 Neff, E. E Fairfax 21 Nichols, A Remington 16 Nuckols, 0. N Rio Vista 3 37 Oliver, H. L Vienna 27 Ott, F. C Remington 15 Owen & Owen (Inc.) Denniston J 19 Parker, D. W Burke ville 27 Parrish, J. Scott Drewrys Bluff 17 71 Patillo, Z. C Dumbarton 1 34 Payne, J. I Nokesville 24 Payne, R. B Round Hill 13 Peck & Bayne Fincastle 28 Perrow, W. B Remington 16 Piercv, J M GaLuesville 3 24 Pitzer, A. N Roanoke 32 Porterfield, T. G Mountain Lake 27 Pratt, L. W Farmville 40 Printz, R. C Ashburn 6 10 Radford Creamery Radford 5 37 RatcUffe, John R . Richmond 5 4 Rawlings, A. A Rectortown 6 H Reeves, Geo. R Ballston 36 Rhodes, F. H Calverton 1 14 Riffe, H. H • Elliston 8 11 Rodgers, C. C Herndon 23 Rogers, H.C Hamilton 19 Rogers & Rogers Herndon 14 Rosenkrans, E. E Saved ge 12 2 Ross, G. W Stuart 8 22 Ruffin, Jas. Mcl Petersburg 23 Russell Bros Clearbrook 34 Russell, J. W War rent on 3 6 Sager, G. R Woodstock 11 54 Department Circular 143, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continued. Name. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. Virginia — continued. Purebred. Grade. Schmidt, E. G Shackelford, J. H Shaner, Jos. S Sharitz, T.J.B Sinclair. J. C Slaughter, D. A Slauson, E. M Slusher, E. A Smith, G. L Smith, O. E Smith, W. M Spitler, W. V ” Spitzer, J. E Stickley, P. B Sullins College Sullivan, Sam, & Son. . . Suthard, C. P Thomas, S. G Tiiiett, t. it Troutt, Dr. Hugh Turner, Mark Twiford, Jas., jr Vaux, Mrs. E. M Vinyard, W. H Virginia Normal & Industrial' School’ Walker, J. F Walters, J. M Warren, M. C., & Son Watkins, G. D West, J. W., & Son Western State Hospital. . . Whaley, C. O Wheeler, N. A Whitehead, R. D Whitesel, D. Roy Williams, E. D Williams, O. L Wine, J. D . . . Wingfield, J. R i Wittig, I. N wood, w. g Woodfin, S. B ’ ' ‘ Woods, Mrs. Susan A ~ ’ Yeatts, Benjamin 1 Richmond 97 Elkwood I Natural Bridge Wythe ville 4 Mitchells C i Williamsburg Manassas O Morrison Harmony Village .....' 24 Remington Nokesville Midland Stephens City Bristol Brandy Station . . . 12 Catlett Grant. Ashbum 2 19 8 Roanoke Vienna Norfolk McLean Vinton 1 Petersburg Woodstock 4 McLean Hot Springs Fairfax Hampton, R. 1 . . . Staunton McLean Wellington Chatham Harrisonburg 2 8 East Falls Church Round Hill Forestville Charlottesville 2 Gainesville Roanoke Sterling . . Dry Fork 30 4 10 13 51 21 10 24 26 18 11 20 49 22 'ii 15 78 13 24 11 4 33 16 6 29 38 23 22 64 16 17 45 9 '29 10 34 23 18 19 16 11 WASHINGTON. Allen, J. T Barclay, C. H Bekins, Daniel Bell, T.C Buck & Hoem Burlingame, F. O Busch, Ernest Christanson, R. R . . . . . Compton, J. T., & Son Dean, E. P Dickson, Ernest A Eldridge, Charles Fowler, H. E Frame, Price Franz, John Gabby, Charles E Galvin, George J Gass,M.C Graham, C Gross, William E Hamilton, A. O Hamilton, Dennis Hamilton, Frank Hamilton , Harry Hansen, H.C Harrison, W.H Hollywood Farm Horan, Mike, & Sons. . . Hunsley , G . H Ide,G.B Palouse Pullman Bothell Colville Snohomish. . . Chehalis Cheney Everett Wenatchee. . . Walla Walla . Colbert Chimacum . . . East Sound . . Ceres Cheney Pullman Centralia Bluecreek Ferndale Walla Walla. Satsop Chehalis Forest Chehalis.... Sunnyside . Hollywood. Wenatchee. Hillyard . . . Colville.... 31 33 9 22 11 7 44 11 5 5 38 30 32 13 7 29 151 37 5 5 17 4 19 16 24 13 15 14 12 12 12 ’i9 13 13 33 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 55 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. s tested with- actors. Grade. Washington — continued . Jones, David Dabob 14 Kelly, D. J., & T. Williams Sunnyside 46 Kempendonk, C. H g Lee Bros 14 ; Lee, C. J 12 McCormick, John g A McKinney, E. S Walla Walla .... T Meeker, It. D Deer Park 1 -t 11 Moses, E.M. & A. M Chehalis g Nelson, R. S. & M. G Espannla 9 25 Porter, J. D Spokane 13 Pratt, C. E.,jr Port Orchard 5 Rayton , L. F 9 i n Rector, Jess & Laura Tono 11 1U 19 Rector, W. I 9 lo 19 Roundtree, G. 0 Klaber 9 Scribner, J. W 14 AR Shoultes, H. R 23 Todd, William, & Son N orth Y akima 47 Tulalip Indian School Tulalip 25 Tyson & McKelheer N orth Y akima 37 Van Belle, C. G g Washington State College Pullman 24 White, W. R Sunnyside 11 Young, Fred Chehalis 15 WEST VIRGINIA. Ball, S-. S Ravenswood . . 9 Becken, Theodore Wheeling, R. R Z9 14- Becker, Daniel Wheeling, R. 2 li 16 Caldwell, Dr. J. R Wheeling 10 Caldwell, James Short Creek 9 Cavalier & Son, C. J Harpers Ferry 9 Church, Charles W Morgantown R. R. 1 Z 1 1 Creamer, John P Kearnevsville 11 IQ Crow, Charles L Elm Grove 3 lu 7 Cummings, L. 0 Charleston i i a Curry, J. F Fort Springs ID 40 1 9 Curtis, Salathiel West Alexander, Pa Davis, S. Erlow Janelew 7 1Z 22 99 Dunkle, E. P Huntington, R. R Everett, J. A Ona i IQ Fischer, Louis Triadelphia J u AZ, Hill, Mrs. Wm Bethany . . 16 on Hugh, Samuel D Wheeling, R. 2 zu 10 Hunt, Edward West, Alexander, Pa R, R O 10 Kanawha Hotel Co Charleston o \ Linton, Mrs. C. A Triadelphia o^± 16 Livesay, E. E Lewisburg . . . Q Marple, G. E Wheeling, R. 3 O 00 1 9 Miller, Earl West Liberty .. . . 1 Z i n Miller, Edward Wheeling, Edpinat.rm Lane o 1 U n Mooney, C. L Charleston, R. 2 Z y 14 1 7 Mount DeChantel Academy Wheeling 4 North, B. S Wheeling, R. 1 . 1 / 1 C Ohio County Farm Wheeling 0 1 lo 97 Schmidt, N. J Wheeling, R. 2 o ( 1 A Schmetz, Joe A Elm Grove 29 10 Seiber, John A Triadelphia 19 Stone, W. E Wheeling R. R 19 1Z 1 A Tuckwiller & Livesay White Sulphur Springs 1Z 28 lo 1 7 Vorholt,Bros Charleston, R. R.. 1 i i n Wagley, H. W Kearneysville 1 U 94. Ward, Ernest Huntington, R. 1 z<± 1 ft Ware, J. W Shepherdstown 9 lo 16 no Wells, R.M Woods . . Z o Williams and Worefel Huntington, box 96 . . o g Zo 26 WISCONSIN. Alberts, Edwin F W atertown. . . . 10 Q Alexander, Phil Barron O Oft Alexander, Wm Ableman.. 9 ZO 17 91 Allen, Harry Winniconne Z Allen, Harry 0 Allenville . . 1 1 31 Anderson, H. E Cumberland 1 1 9 56 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Cattle once tested witli- Name. Address. out reactors. Purebred. Grade. WiscoN sin — continued . Andrus, M. P., & Sons. . . Anson-Eldred Co Amunson, Henry Ascott, Mrs. W. H Austin-Blaine Farm Co Barber, George Bauer, Frank, & Sons Baumgartner, W. C Becker, M. P Beers, Ray Behrehndt, Henry Berg. C. O Bergm, John J Berner, A. O Bethel Academy Bentow, Levi Bolgei\ JohnC Boss, Ulrich C Bowers, T. C Brace, H. A Bratberg, Ansel Bratberg, O. N Braun, Geo Briekbauer, Carl Brickbauer, J. J Brill, John P.,jr Brobst, Frank Brown, S. A., & Son Bruggink, Ed Buchanan, T. Y Buckholtz, Herman & Son Buehring, Herman Buelke, Geo. W Buelke, Paul Buetow, Levi Buettner, Arthur Bussewitz, W. E Buttles, E. C Calder, Archie Calkins, W. E Chaplin, E. W.: Farm No. 1 Farm No. 2 Christianson, Clarence Christianson, Elmer Christianson, Julius O Christianson, W. R Chrouser, James L., & Bro. Claflin Bros Cody, John F Collins Bros Comings, W. S Connelly, Edd Cornelius, Chas Cummings, J. O Danielson, G. D Davies, Dallas E Denfield, Arthur De Preston, Ed Dettmann, Henry Dickinson, Nathan, & Son . Diener, Frank Diercks, Henry Eagan, Jos Earl, H. H Eastman, S. A Ells, G. W., & Ross H Engebretson, Elmer G Erdman, A. F Erickson, Sam Ewings, Everett C Falk, A. F Friebel, Ed Funk, E. F Gadson, E. Clark Gadson, John E Garrity, John . Plymouth . Stiles . Allen ville . Sparta . Boscobel . Winneconne. . . . Weyauwega . Monticello . Hartford . Lake Beulah.. . . Athens Stoughton Watertown Larsen Bethel Cadott Waterloo Oshkosh Waupaca Lone Rock Holmen do Greenwood Elkhart Lake . . do Sheboygan Mondovi Hubbleton Oostburg New Auburn. . . Manawa Oshkosh Plymouth Waldo Cadott Bay City Juneau Lake Beulah. .. Allen ville Winniconne..-. Waldo — -do Allen ville Larsen do Hortonville Stratford Mondovi.. New Richmond Kendall Eau Claire Luck Larsen Neenah Scandinavia Elkhorn Wausau Ellsworth Adell Lake Geneva . . . Random Lake. . Bryant Winniconne Eagle Plymouth Delavan Gratiot Neenah Sheridan Jim Falls Auburndale Deerbrook Jamesville Marshfield do Manawa 28 7 1 51 19 26 34 Ofl 5 ZU 22 25 22 16 17 18 12 16 31 2 13 2 24 19 13 7 10 22 17 52 3 2 21 22 2 20 18 1 15 4 24 9 29 6 29 4 22 6 30 6 25 30 16 6 9 19 35 6 12 14 3 23 5 21 15 32 2 11 12 16 2 21 37 19 11 2 24 23 17 13 20 17 is 5 26 54 2 4 13 4 12 14 26 20 1 12 33 15 5 20 15 35 3 24 19 29 2 10 16 3 24 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 57 HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN— Continued . Name. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. Purebred. Grade. Wisconsin— continued. Garside, Harry Geraldson, Morton Gibson, O. E Giese, John Gilbert, Wm Gleiter, G. G Goelzer, Conrad Goelzer, Roland Goetz, W. F.. Gormley, J. E., Farm No. 2 Gramling Bros Green, H. W Greenwood, C. F Grenlie, O. H Gresch, Fred Griesbach, Jacob Gronert, Arnold Grove, Albert ; Grove, Christian Guenthner, Adam Gustavson, Norman W Gutschenritter, A. J Habeck, Louis Haese, Julius Haggerty, Jerry Haire, E. E Hallett, Harvey Haney, O. A Hansen, Chas. A , Hanson, Soren Harder, John H Hart, D. A Haseleu, M. T Hawes, L. F Hayward Indian School Heagle, Ed Hebert, D. E Heil, F Heinzelman, M. H Held, Frank Herman, Emil Hesselberg, A. E Hesselberg, J. L Hesselberg, Walter Hoesly, A.C Hoesly, Anton H Hoesly, Baltz: Farm No. 1 Farm No. 2 Hoesly, Gilbert P Hoffman, R. W Holbrook, Chas Horlamus, J., & Son Hoverson, Theo Howard, M. C Howard, J. W Hruska, Ed. W Hudson, J. L Huenink & Lubach Huffcut, J. H Hyde, S. Y Indermuehle, Henry Jenks, Calvin Jensen, J. P Jochimsen, Edwin J Jochimsen, Rudolph Johnson, K. N Johnson, Sam L Johnston, Frank R Jones, S. B., & Son Jorgenson, Loyal Kahler, Herman Kalmerton, Floyd Keller, H. R Kelly, J. H Keshena Indian School Oostburg Manitowoc Eau Claire Logan ville Elkhorn Barron Plymouth do Stratford Delavan Dousman Antigo Lake Mills Scandinavia Antigo Greenville Watertown Columbus do Antigo Manitowoc Hartford Random Lake Winneconne • Waldo. Weyauwega Appleton Lone Rock Waupaca Larsen Plymouth Neenah Waterloo, Gilt Edge Farm Pewaukee Hayward Cadott Unity Wausau Ripon Adell Edgar Rockland do Bangor New Glarus Eau Claire New Glarus do do Winniconne Plymouth West Bend Barron Cameron Gennesee Antigo Lavalle Cedar Grove Ogdensburg La Crosse Hartford Holmen Scandinavia New Holstein do Larsen do Watertown do Larsen Hillsboro Shebo 3 r gan Falls Stratford Chippewa Falls Shawano 21 24 15 17 4 28 27 12 18 24 3 5 20 10 11 25 41 2 6 5 5 21 6 2 4 20 28 5 15 13 2 11 2 7 21 14 39 9 36 7 27 7 2 30 6 14 13 16 37 2 3 4 9 31 27 9 3 2 15 1 11 42 25 9 20 6 3 27 26 18 7 6 15 19 1 15 23 10 21 8 25 15 40 11 17 2 12 12 15 18 17 13 30 3 7 20 2 10 22 3 12 19 9 22 25 13 30 17 17 11 8 18 12 14 16 35 44 58 Department Circular U3 , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. i tested with- actors. Grade. Kleinhesslink, John J WISCONSIN— continued. Oostburg.. . 3 21 34 17 4 31 10 14 6 1 26 4 ( 12 24 18 6 5 12 16 26 12 4 4 13 25 3 5 5 Kloehn, John F Knecht, Andrew Knick, Gus Hillsboro Knoke, 0. F Koch, Wm Konecny, Jos. F . Konrad & Japp Larsen Kruschke, A. C 13 12 18 Kruschke, Harold Kruse, Conrad Kukuk, Geo Randolph Kunz, R. F Eland Kyes, S. M 19 4 3 7 12 Lane, Otis W Larsen, Theo Lasch, Geo Laux, John J Lebies, Otto Bloomer Lebies, T. J 3 23 10 24 23 13 5 10 4 5 Lehmann, F. G Lehmann, Wm. J Lenz, W. G Lepien, Raymond D Liebenstein, Geo Adell Liebenstein, Harvey G Liebenstein, P. J Adell Lindow, Harry E 34 7 13 19 18 11 18 6 6 19 Lohnis, Wm Oostburg „ Loper, L. R Rosendale Lorentzen, Viggo Withee . 15 42 Luebke, H. W Watertown Luedtke, C. F Neenah Lutteman, W. H Loganville 3 McCloy, Geo. H Ogdensburg. McCraig, Mrs. Jas., & Son Watertown 3 17 21 4 17 23 8 7 9 39 20 5 9 22 4 13 15 33 9 McFarland, Paul McFarland, Ray McKinney, E Barron . McKone, James Green Bay . . . McMillan, B. F., & Bro Marshfield 15 17 12 8 19 44 16 3 7 10 Malloy, P. J Manawa . . . . Manley, Thos. F Columbus Manning, T. J Hartford . . Marty, Jacob M New Glarus. Mathieu, Theo Chippewa Falls Maxwell, A. R Allenville Meadows, Fred G Lyons Messerschmidt, Louis Hartland Metzig, W. F Neenah Michaels, W Berlin Milbrant Bros.: Farm No. 1 Evansville . . . 9 Farm No. 2 Miley, Jos. L Sheboygan Falls 4 18 4 15 17 Miller, Arthur G Oconomowoe Miller, Franklin Adell 12 20 Miller, Fred C W est Salem Miller, John Winniconne Minahan, Dr. John R Green Bay 16 3 30 15 32 3 23 26 16 7 Miner, E. E Marshfield . . 18 Minshall, Geo Elkhom Mueller, Edward 0 Appleton Mullen, Frank R Watertown 3 50 Mullen, Math Bloomer. Mullen, Owen E Watertown Murphy, Lawrence F Hartford Murray, Geo. C., & Sons Murray, John Manawa, Farm No. 2 Ogdensburg. . 1 4 19 6 11 3 13 9 6 Nelson, Erwin Blue River.. Nelson, P. H Whitewater 10 13 19 11 13 6 New Holstein Canning Co New Holstein Nicolai, C. J New Jmndon . Nieman, R. W., & Sons Appleton. Northern Hospital Winnebago. Nueske, W. H Iola Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 59 HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Nuttleman, Alfred Wisconsin — continued. West Salem 28 6 Holman 21 3 Westbv 2 30 Oldeen, C. A., & Son Cumberland 30 l Kendall 29 Pabst, Gustave: Hollyhock Farm No. 3 Dousman 14 11 Hollyhock Farm No. 4 do 21 Appleton 13 . . . . .do 14 Paulsen, Rudolph J New Holstein 20 Elkhorn 40 Peterson, 0. F.. 10 11 New Holstein 10 Monticello 46 Pilgrim, Fred Osceola 26 Pilgrim^ Herman. . Edgar 6 14 Pinehurst Farms Co Sheboygan Falls 123 Pinkerton, John, jr Waupaca 5 3 Pitzke, Ctias ” Stetson ville 45 5 Plamann, Fred. Appleton 27 Plamann, Robt do 12 5 Plummer, A. P Oshkosh 3 20 Pollard, A Elkhorn 11 6 Prindle, M. E Neenah 21 Prueher, J. G Bloomer 25 Quaekenbush, W. W West Salem 24 1 Rasmussen, Hans P Larsen 14 Rav, R. L/. Eau Claire 8 11 Reddelein, H. E.. . .* . Oconomowoc 32 Reed, Jas. J Blue River 18 Reid, Jas. J., & Son Oconomowoc 49 Reinks, John Sparta 14 Reinks, M do 14 3 Rhein gans, E. C . Chippewa Falls 3 12 Rice, Jesse C Ogdensburg 6 8 Rich, L 13 Rich, Roy. . . . do 4 20 Riordan Bros Plymouth 30 Ritchie, Arthur W . . Royalton 15 4 Ritchie, R. J., & Sons. . ....do 25 Roberg, Aug Cumberland 26 Robers, Lawrence . . Lyons 23 1 Roberts, Louis ... . Jim Falls 19 Roberts, R. F Randolph 14 31 Rock, J. M Plymouth 40 Rock County Asylum Janesville 8 56 Rohan, John B.. New London 4 30 Rohda, Albert East Troy 6 36 Ross, Lester A Oshkosh 4 14 Ross, R. J do 4 10 Ross, Robert do 6 6 Rowe, A. L., & Son Waupaca 31 Royce, E. E Marshfield 32 1 Rovcroft, J. J Cadott 9 7 Ruetten, Theo Sparta 10 13 Riupple, J. H Medina 7 8 Ruste, Olin Barneveld * 29 Salm, Peter Neenah 20 7 Sauter, John Random Lake 16 8 Schaller, F. J. . .’ Holmen 2 17 Schaller, Geo. F do 4 23 Schoelkopf, Albert Bear Creek 14 Schroechert, Herman . . . Watertown 7 9 Schroeder, Chris Neenah 9 8 Schroeder, C. F., & Sons Marshfield 15 7 Schuette, C. W . Stratford 6 7 Schultz, Louis. . Athens 23 Schwartz, Carl J Elkhart Lake 5 2 Scritsmeier, Fred A. R Bloomer 36 Sebion, Tennis Westbv 7 6 Sedgwick, E. C Limeridge 18 Selbach, F. H Sparta 5 22 Sherbert, W W eyauwega 3 14 Sieger, Jos. M Avoca 27 Sipple, John S Menomonie 6 14 60 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. : tested with* actors. Grade. Wisconsin — continued. Shore, W. E Blue River 11 Skafte, Albert Larsen 15 Smith, C. J., & Co Monroe 16 IQ Smith, Roscoe do 35 1*7 c Sommer, Martin Appleton O 15 Sorges, Walter Reeds burg 30 Sparta' State School Sparta 7 2i Spencer, Arthur Evansville. .. ' 27 2 Spring Brook Farm Co Burnett 54 \ Stecker, Lewis Appleton 2 9 Steuerwald, Emil A dell, Farms Nos. 1 and 2 10 12 Stevens, M.' B Jefferson 29 Stigler, John Waukesha 5 27 Stillman & Hamilton 6 11 Streiff, Emanuel New Glarus 63 Strickert, Henry Limeridge 13 Sturges, W. A Neenah 10 Swatscheno, Wm 24 Swan, E. E 30 Swemberg, Robt Arpin 26 Swenson, EL 0 Larsen 10 Swift, Will V Eau Claire 22 Swinehart, S. W Avoca 12 26 Swoboda Bros Elkhorn 26 g Taege, John Appleton 11 11 Taylor & Northey 11 19 Tellock, Frank . .’ Horton ville 15 Tews Bros Neenah 2 32 Thompson, Elmer Quarry 11 3 Timm, Albert D De Forest 17 3 Toepfer & Krey Stock Farm Madison 42 1 Tracy, Duane Union Center 7 7 Trumpy, Fred, & Son Clarno 64 Tuffley, C. E., & Son Boscobel 11 g University of Wisconsin, dairy herd Madison 17 1 Uvaas, Orrin Larsen 4 16 Vanderhof, D. E Waldo 18 Vander Schaaf, Chas Sparta 17 Vernon County Farm Viroqua 21 10 Wachsmuth Bros Owen 12 Waefler, Robt New Glarus g 42 Wagner, Mrs. J. M Union Center 26 Walsh, P. H Lavalle 15 Weaver, H. F Elkhorn 21 Weeks, Edwin Chilton 7 28 Weihart, A. W Watertown 32 3 Wendt, Geo Appleton 13 7 West Bend Canning Co West Bend 23 Westphal, Frank Neenah 11 Westphal, H. C Columbus 5 30 Westphal, M., & Sons Elkhorn 36 19 Weter, P. J Alden, 111... . 26 Wieckert, Walter H Appleton 17 18 Wightman, P. A Plymouth 5 22 Wilke, Henry Wausau 25 Wilson, Geo. A G ranton 9 Winckler, B. F., & Son Medina 19 Winter, Lewis Antigo . . . 2 22 Wittig Bros Hartford . 38 Woodard, O. C Weyauwega 19 Wright, Smith H Cadott . . ‘ 18 1 Wunderlich, Geo. H Elmhurst 34 Zenzel, Albert, Curtis. 17 Zerbach, Geo H olcombe 7 3 Ziegler, Emro C Appleton 9 7 Ziegler, F. A 29 WYOMING. Cornell, F. W Moorecraft 17 Total (Holstein- Friesian, United S tates) 26,357 40,650 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 01 JERSEY. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Alabama Polytechnical Experiment Station . Alabama* insane Hospital ALABAMA. Auburn 25 Tuscaloosa 103 22 22 39 26 24 37 12 31 15 37 13 46 56 16 18 17 25 50 24 20 3 11 57 36 67 49 75 92 43 46 28 18 20 71 34 87 13 17 12 24 38 28 34 90 Alabama Masonic Home Montgomery, box 475 1 8 2 Allen, B.M Anderson, E. B Blake, J. H Marion. Blocton, R. 2 Burge, Samuel Montgomery, R . 2 Calloway, Lee Snowdoun Calloway, John B Hope Hull Canebrake Experiment Station Uniontown 29 Christian, T. S Alexander City Davis, J. C Oxford Davis, W. W Wilsonville Edwards, M. H... Dothan Ford, Chas Gallion Hall, M. R ’ James Holt, E. W Montgomery, R. 2 Houghton, M. B 4 2 Johnson, Mrs. W. M Korkritz, H., jr Wilsonville Kirby, J. W Marion Junction Kirby, P. L Kurlin, G. W Alexander City 5 Martion Bros Fort Deposit Meadows, H. H Lowndesboro Miller, B. F Montgomery Mitchell, J. G Opelika Mullins, D. B Dothan . . 3 McCurdy, George Havneville McCurdy, W. D Lowndesboro Mclnnis, J. M Montgomery Oakley, J. G Ashby Ozment, C. E Montgomery, R. 2... . Parker, C. M Opelika, R. 6 Porterfield, D. E Fort Deposit Streit, Sam Leighton Tyson, Mrs. S. A Montgomery W ads wo rth.W .A Prattville Walker, T. R Alexander City Walton, J. C Snowdoun Watson, Mrs. Grace, & Son Demopoiis 4 Wilbanks, G. C. & J. W . . . . T. . Alexander City.. Whatley, T. J Opelika White, Lawrence Newbern 3 Williams, P. Yv r Ramer Young, L. C Montgomery Trustee, A. H. Endowment ARKANSAS. Jonesboro 47 40 19 12 28 40 18 7 5 20 41 Beech Grove Jersey Farm Helena 6 14 7 76 12 Buell, A. W South Fort Smith Bragg, Chas. A Little Rock. Polk, C. L Helena. Ruthetfford, M. M Sulphur Rock.. Stinson, EY Benton University of Arkanas Fayetteville 3 4 Benton, A. H CONNECTICUT. Andover Brown, E.E... . Pomfret Center Camp, Wm. P Durham Cheney, R. 0.,jr South Manchester. 10 5 18 15 18 3 Hallock, Bert C Merrow 9 4 1 4 8 35 25 6 11 8 61 Hatch, Royal B . . . Stafford. . McClellan, Dr. Geo. E.. Woodstock Merrow, Harriet L Merrow Morgan, Dr. John Hadlyme Pitkin & Calhoun South Manchester Prescott Estate Rockville Schofield, Seth .... Stafford Springs 6 Schwartz, Philip Suffield Smith & Tyler West Willington 3 14 Storrs Agricultural College Storrs 62 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. DELAWARE. Blue Ball Farm Wilmington 20 Cubbage, Clarence Milford.” Dill, Thomas E Felton Matthews, W. C Wilmington.. io Pearce, W. D Milford... 10 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Kauffmann, Rudolph Military Road, Washington 4 Scammel, R. E 2610 Bladensburg Road, Washington FLORIDA. Albano & Ferleto Southern Feed Co , Ybor City. Alick, A Winter Park Allison, J. S Live Oak Amerson, J. D Pensacola, R. A., boz 184 Anderson, Wm Tallahassee Ard, H. A Pensacola Ard, A Pensacola, R. A., box 272 Arpen, W. J South Jacksonville Bailey' Jesse Jacksonville Bailey, R. E Shady Grove Bailey, W. H Ebb Jose Espina Balbin Tampa, R. 1, box 24 Bembow, Oliver Moore Haven Betty, Miss Mae Pensacola, R. A., box 310.. . . Bety, L Pensacola . . Bis&op, Mrs. G. R Edgwood and Enterprise Avenues, Jacksonville. Bivins, T. W Jacksonville, R. 6, box 312 Black, T. D Dinsmore Blitch, O. T Orange Pa.rjk, post-office hmr 14 4 Boquardez, R. C., jr Tampa, R. 1 Bowman, John S Pensacola Bradley, W. G South Tampa . Brainard, T. M Pensacola Brasch, Wm. C Vero Bray, Frank S Tampa, R. 4, box 94 Brinson, F. B Live Oak Brooker, N. L Brandon Broward, A. S Jacksonville, R. 2. . Brown, John Jacksonville Brown, W. B Tallahassee Brown, W. H Tampa, R. 5, box 138. . Bruschke, Richard Dinsmore Buehler,Chas Orlando Burnett, J. H Live Oak Burney, E. J Jacksonville, R. 2, box 250 Camp, Jack Ocala 21 Caro, Herbert P Pensacola Carr, Thos. B Tallahassee Carter, G. B Tampa, R. 1, box 80 Carter, W. L Dade City Cavanaygh, J. J Tallahassee Chairs, D. G Chambers , C. E Gainesville, R. 4 Chrisborough, A. D Jacksonville Cleveland, A. S Fort Pierce 1 Close, Mrs. Janie Ocala Cochran , Frank Tallahassee Collins, John Coniglio, V Oak Park, Tampa Cope, W. H Jacksonville, R. 3 Cordray. J. P Jacksonville Corporation of Florida Sebring Costakis, John Dade City Crabtree , J. O Jacksonville, R. 5, box 174 Craven, E. S Jacksonville, post-office box 88 Cromartie & Sons Tallahassee Crowder, Ralph S Culver,. T. W Orlando Davidson, M. B 3108 Florida Avenue, Tampa .. Dean, Thos. L De Land Dedman, W. R McTntosh 1 Do Ring, Sidney South Tampa De Witt, Henry Dade City Dewv, Ernest 13 15 18 11 14 42 50 35 10 35 49 75 21 17 23 41 75 41 24 27 12 22 16 15 39 16 11 12 15 13 25 16 10 13 27 26 13 16 23 20 25 12 38 31 87 14 64 33 18 30 10 11 13 20 26 26 15 30 15 23 10 13 10 22 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 63 JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. Florida — continued. Ybor City, care Southern Feed Co 13 20 25 11 f?. > Chaplin Avenue Wood, D. M Lovette Yokum, James Twentieth Street, Jacksonville, R. 2, box 438. GEORGIA. Atlanta, R. 5 Adams, J. R Anglin, M. M Atlanta, R. 3 Anderson, Gust Americus . . . Atlanta City Dairy Farm Atlanta Ballard, W. K Atlanta, R. 2 Bennett, C. L Jefferson, R. 5 ... Berry School Rome 8 18 Breedlove, W. L., & Son Monroe . Brown, J. F Shiloh . . . Buchanan, E. E Woodland . Buchanan, G. S Shiloh Buchanan, T. E Chandler Bros Milledgeville 44 Chapman, H. D ! Shiloh .* Chapman, John H Chapman, W. D Christian, J. W Rossville, R. 2 Christian, T. W ! Clay, J. C East Atlanta, R. 3 Clay, Luther | Collier. J. E Atlanta, R. 3 Cook, Mrs. Dallas Rock Spring, R. 1 ... Cowan. P. C Conley Cramrriere, John Ringgold, R. 3 Daniel Bros Hogansville 41 Daniel, J. E Atlanta Duggan, T. R War then Elliott, J. A Rossville, R. 1 Elliott, T. H Foster, A. B Shiioh 1 12650°— 20 5 66 Department Circular 143, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture . JERSEY— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. Georgia — continued . French, A. A Atlanta, R. 3 30 Garrett, E. E Woodland 16 Georgia State Sanitarium 6 182 Gladden, E Decatur, R. 3 13 Gresham, J. W Griffin 17 i Hendriclcs, W. B : i 1 4 Hewett, C. G 1071 Highland Avenue, Atlanta i It 32 Hodgson, F. M 298 Boulevard, Athens . 15 1 Hooks, J. H 74 70 Howard, S. E 12 i C7 Kellum, J. F Oi 1 1 Key, G. M 11 19 Knox, W. S ■; i in iu Lay. H. G TO 9 A Leake, J. W Lietch, J. G LO qo Lloyd, W. H oo 19 Moore, H. D. & J. D l^f fid Napier, T. C or 14 Nix, W. T It 14 Itc 41 Norman, W. G Griffin/. 7 2 52 Parks, M. L 35 Parks' M. N do 22 Peek, J. C 14 Porter, John Decatur 1 28 Preston, E. B Midland . - 39 Preston, E. E Columbus 1 45 Pursley, R. S Chickamauga 1 14 Reeves, J. L Calhoun 10 Russell, W. H Shiloh 1 12 Russell, W. L Shiloh R. 1 10 Ryal, S. G Savannah, box 1005 112 Scott, C. E Decatur, It. 1 21 Selman, G. C Monroe 50 Shorter College Rnmfi _ 18 Sprayberrv, .T. F _ East Atlanta.. 29 State College of Agriculture Athens 20 Strouss, J. W ' Atlanta, R. 8 21 Tanner At Clay _ Milledgeville 48 Thomasville Live Stock Co . . . . Thomasville 34 Tippen, R. S Acworth 22 2 United States Penitentiary Atlanta 32 Wade, B. L 55 Rockyford Avenue, Kirkwood 25 Warren , M. T> East Atlanta, R. 3 42 Webster, A. J Shiloh 13 Wells, E. R Wildwood, R. 1 10 Whatley, J. G Adairsville. 6 Wheeler, J. L Decatur, R. 1 52 White, G. W Columbus 70 Williams, Felix Villa Rica 25 Williams, J. E Ringgold, R.l 13 Williams, Lee J Carrollton 94 Williams, L. R, Rossville, R. 2 18 . IDAIIO. Archibald, Thos Rexburg . 11 Beeson, Bros Wendell 3 11 Beito, Ole Rathdrum 11 Boner, Joe do 14 Bates, S. A Dietrich 15 Bell, Eli . Rexburg 16 Bentley, I) Cocolalla 11 Briggs, C. B Rexburg . . 1 16 Bartley, T. W Moscow 7 1 Bumgarner, C. M Nampa 50 Cannon, C. Y Boise 23 Childs, Geo. A Buhl 15 ! Clark, D. F Kimberly 2 ” 27 Castor, C. G St Maries 23 Currier, Charles A Winchester 11 Clark, John II Wendell 12 Dayton, D. P Naples 9 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 67 JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Idaho — continued. Dille, L. S Caldwell 32 Daubner Bros Twin Fails 1 99 Drake, G. A Fder 1 ZO 22 Edwards. Thos. H Dietrich Enfield, W. H 10 Eliason, Edward Cocolalla 35 in Erickson, Herman Archer JLU i n Francher & Leigh Buhl . . . 1 1 lu 35 Ford, Matthew j. i 9 Foster, M Z 16 Gearhart, S. E 97 1/ Gillard Bros Z i 3 Heing, Jacob 23 1 9 Howe, Mrs. Anna lz 99 Hymas, S. E 1 ZO 19 tQ Hoiltey, Mrs. C. P Emmett 1 Hames, L. S Caldwell 9 io 13 Haynes, G. W Z 9f* Hurst, B. F Zu 9 A 6 Irwin, C. D Z4: 22 13 20 1 1 Johnson, 0. C Jeppson, C. 0 1 11 1 7 Johnson, Axel 1 1 1 1 Jones, R. F 1 9 10 1 ft Kuka, F. W Lott, Jno. S 9 io A Lundstrum, A z 1 y OQ Lichty, C. E 1 05 Lyons, L. V 32 Ol McPhearson, B. F Filer g zl 9 in McNealy, 0. E Careywood .... McClenahan, J. H Boise V iu McGowian, Cora M Dietrich i ft McComb, David Buhl 10 1 1 Mason, J. T Parker 11 on Mauvais, J. N Gooding zU 1 1 MeHarg, J. B 11 in Merrill, E. W Men an IU i n Otto, L. S Filer . v IU Osborne, Earl Cocolalla o 4 19 Payette Purchasing Association. Payette 31 lz Prather, V. B Gooding 09 Parker, M Wendell Zz Price, W. M Filer 9 lo Qualls, R. W Buhl z Q 6 Rand, Jno Cocolalla u 1 tn Randall, H. L Boise iu in Remington, J. J Parker iu in Renk, H. J Boise 1 lu 1 1 Reaves, A. S Wendell X Q 11 Swanson, Charlie Cocolalla ♦ O 17 1 o Shaw, Peter 1 lz 17 Spencer, F. L New Plymouth 17 19 Shades, A. G .• Churchill 24 Spencer, W. H Careywood 5 19 Sherwood, F. H F.mmett Q lz 1 1 9 Shotwell, W. M Twin Falls 1 1 Southwick, F. E Wendell li i lz 9 A Thompson, Jas. L St. Anthony z4 18 91 Teeter, W. L Meridian 9 Waggoner, Chas Post Falls z 9 zl 1 9 Weir, Dave Rathdrum Z l lz 1 i Young, Stillman St. Anthony 11 19 ILLINOIS. Baldwin, W. R Delavan Q 1 Belshe, E. L Norwood Park O 32 1 Coddington, F. H Princeton i 1 ft Donegan, P. H Waukegan i 11 10 Garrard, Otto Robinson i i Goodwin, N. F Palestine i i i Z4i 1 9 Harshman, P. B Sullivan 19 , lz Headley, C. V Palestine 1 K Honey, Chas Newton 14 lo Honey, John West Liberty o 1 9 Judy, C. C Tall ula o lz o Lewis, Elmer J Dieterich 1UZ 2 z 5 68 Department Circular 143, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , JERSEY— Continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. idah o— cont inued . » 8 do 1 12 11 10 1 5 Miller T; A 1 49 Miller' M T, do 25 7 O’Hp'ir \V S A Srm 43 16 4 7 Pifpr E F 6 10 SehrneTr Eli T 10 12 33 21 4 13 Voder AT 1 27 INDIANA. 22 2 11 17 7 20 Corydon 17 1 Guilford... 10 Mount Vernon 1 14 13 Booth 'w H Seymour 19 12 Brakemeier, Phil J Princeton 4 11 Brandt Herman Aurora. 20 BuS68 h L do 10 Byers Paul Franklin 36 Calvin Vere S Ke wanna 3 31 Canfield Boy Aurora 10 Carr, John T Charlestown 38 7 Carithers Joseph jr Princeton 1 19 Cotton J I Aurora 13 Dellinger, G. L Memphis 1 17 Demin* 7 & Deming Franklin 4 22 Denham & Greer Charlestown 8 32 Dillman & Sailor Goshen 16 2 Favorite Herman Huntington 12 Feldwisch & Son Boone ville . . 10 14 Fisher Avery Elberfeld 6 9 Givan Anna C Lawrenceburg 9 10 Givan & Son J J Aurora 6 Grimw^nd T-TprfYP.rt. Inglefield 4 io Hall E a’ Guilford 5 18 Hall* Dr R J Rush ville 18 Hein Ernst Elberfeld 19 Hein Fred Inglefield 15 8 Hell mi oh Henry A Greensburg 35 5 Henson, C. E Terre Haute 5 9 Hickman Harry G Winchester 5 7 Hill A/ Go’ G W Shelbyville 18 Hill L F Winchester 1 17 TTnHTimiro Aurora 12 Humble & McCarty Pendleton 11 Jacques James Logan 16 Johnson A C Straughn 1 13 J ohnson M L do 4 14 Johnson P L Vincennes 13 18 Tohnston B G Aurora 12 King \ D Muncie 12 4 TTnlilpn QphmidtQ W C Elberfeld 3 16 Kyle Raymond. G Aurora 10 2 T.qd crp TTpi’tyipti do 10 Lattire George Lawrenceburg 1 11 16 Likens E M Elwood 31 4 Linden me yer G "FT Otisco 3 12 Linke Frank Seymour ■ 8 15 Linke Hardin Columbus 6 12 Longdon & Adams Rockville 1 23 Louisville Cement Co Sellersburg 5 29 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 69 JERSEY— Continued. Name. | | Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. Indiana— continued. Lutz, E. R Guilford 7 g Lutz, Frank 28 Lutz, George M 30 McKenzie, J. H Brazil 15 Mahon, Albert J Underwood. .. 9 1 q Means & Harrison Charlestown 1 AO 19 Mills, E . S Indianapolis, R. 0 , 225 . 35 Morris, Charles Aurora.. . 1 A Odle, 0 . M Muncie 2 I*! Orr, Frank T Patriot 2 I O 13 Painter, H. W. & C. D Spiceiand 2 24 Peck, C. E Armstrong 10 Rowers, Harry Union City 7 Reid. W. V Richmond 12 A Riggs, Richard W Inglefield 15 3: Q Sanders, 0. B Terre Haute 0 15 1 £ Schrock, Victor Goshen 1 Sheldon, Salem P Patriot JlO in Shirley, P. G Ingalis 11 9 AU O Shugart, Arthur E Marion 4 1 1 Shuter, Harry Aurora 11 Suhre, Fred/ Columbus 9 AO Thomas, John E Pendleton AO 13 Trennepohl, Fred Aurora g 13 Trible, J. 0 Shelbyvilie 5 AO 9 Van Pelt, J. W Charlestown 7 o 7 Volkmanh, Otto Inglefield 6 « 9 A Volkmann, W. G Francisco 1 40 1 1 Voshell, C. I Moores Hill 3 AA 10 Watson, 0. G. Corydon 14 Weinmann, V. F Guilford 1 W'ilt & Bond Newcastle 2 1 A Witte, Mrs. Caroline Aurora 1 ft Woods, M. S I Princeton 7 AO 12 Yoder, Levi R Middlebury 6 IOWA. Iowa State College Ames 17 Kinsley, R. G. & B. A McGregor 58 Long, Isaac Altoona 12 o Miller, S. D., & Son Wellman A 17 Rietveld, Herman Fairfield 23 Sac and Fox Sanatorium Toledo 23 Q Shephard, Chas. J Muscatine 2 O Sterling, G. C Des Moines, R. 6 14 lo 9 Swaney Bros Grinnell, R. 3.. . 13 A 26 Waterloo Jersey Farms: Glenn Barron Farm Waterloo, R. 4 14 16 Jas. H. Frush Farm Waterloo 30 L. R. Sisson Farm Jesup 17 Will Thompson Farm 49 Webster, M. A Fairfield 1 3 1 Weisbrod, W. P Fenton 10 10 1 A KANSAS. *± Arthur, W. C Burlington g 9 Copeland, B. C Clay Center 1 A 7 Coop, Albert J La Harpe 39 i Comp, J. A White Citv 19 ^ Davis, W. E Emporia, R. 8 2 10 1 A Gibson, Mark G Chanute 5 King, W. E W ashington A4 Kramer, D. A AO 7 Latta, E. C Holton Q 9 Massey, RalfN Sun Citv J 17 A 9 Purkey, W. F Chanute A Q Randolph, G. H Emporia o Q y IQ Stevenson, J. L o 19 Ay A Sperry, B. D Barnes 1A 12 *± Stabler, Fred Meade 19 A Schiess, Sam Florence o * 13 Swingle, A. J Leonardville a A Turner, W. F Horton. . u 14 i O Woerner, Floyd Clay Center l a 18 Williams Bros Oswego 5 , 16 70 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. KENTUCKY. Adams Bros Skylight 21 Adams, C. N Princeton 11 Alke, Albert Augusta .... 5 13 Aubrey, F. M Lexington 19 Ball, E. E California 17 Baughman, John S Danville 12 Bennett, Walter La Grange 16 Benedict, T. L Oneonta 14 Bingham, O. A 2 28 Bird, Ira W 9 10 Blackman, Otis Nicolasville 21 Blakemore, J. I Lawrenceburg 15 Boyd, Lee'L.. Minerva..! 11 Bradshaw, J. C. & A. M Trenton 28 Bright’s Inn Farm : j' 37 Brown & Hanna Realty Co Louisville 59 Brown, Fred G ”. Crittenden 11 Bugg, T.A... 1 26 Camihiseh, J. B Stanford 29 3 Campbell, H. S... Jett 10 Cook, Lew Ft. Thomas 17 Cox, W. A Versailles 8 4 Crider Creamery Co Fredonia 61 Currens, C. B.. . Burgin 21 3 Davis, J. R Maysville 15 7 Dean, James A Glen Dean 21 Dicken, Henry California 14 Dickey’ M. W Berry 10 2 Edelen, Allen S Burgin 17 5 Edward, J. T Nicholas ville... 4 14 Franklin, E. H Shelbyville 7 38 Fox, C. N Elkton. . 11 10 Fulcher, J. W Pembroke 8 Froman & Adams Carrollton 18 Gannon, T. F Lexington 41 Gary, R. C-, & Son Honkinsville 14 25 Gaines, P. B Carrollton. 102 58 Godby, Dr. D. M Perryville 13 4 Graves, B. B Frankfort 15 Grumlev, J. S Elkton 7 10 Hackett, W. 0 Richmond 19 Hafer, O.C Hebron 6 17 Hampton, W. W., & Son : Goshen 24 Hartke, Henry — Covington 29 13 Harris, G. P., & Son Carrollton 42 15 Hill, Ed., jr 4 20 Hollins, W. M Elkton 12 5 Hays Bros La Grange 13 Jackson, Thos Danville 13 5 Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Lexington 53 9 Station. Kentucky Normal and Industrial Insti- Frankfort 13 3 tute. Kite, W. G Burlington.. . 32 1 Ling, T. G California 1 12 McBurney, Frank Smithfield 1 14 McDannell, J. H Warsaw.. .. 42 McEldowney, T. M Winchester 2 8 McKibbin, J. D Augusta 11 McKinney, J. R Richmond 19 Miller, A Berry 10 Miller, R. F do 10 Minor, P. 0 Owenton 43 Morris, A. E Hopkinsville 29 18 Morris, J. M do 2 78 Morris, Sam G do 7 Paddock, Beni Hebron 3 10 Parks, W. C Danville 14 Pennick & Malone Russellville 15 52 Perrant Bros Dover 25 10 Petrie, J. E Elkton 33 35 Powell, T. L La Grange 25 Pyles, W. E Maysville 3 22 Ramey, Jas. R Carrollton 2 12 Rice, Luther Paris 1 12 Riebel, Geo. F., jr... Skylight 19 Rouse, H Crittenden 10 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 71 J ERSE Y— Continued . Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. Kentucky — contin ue d. Rule, Rev. John Russell, Geo. T Ryle, S. B St. Vincent Academy.. Satterwhite, A. J ..... . Scott, C. P Scott, D. C Sherwood, J. W Shoemaker, J. C Smoot, W. B Sonsley, Roy J Stowe, Chas‘. H Stowe, G. H S umm ers, L. A Swain, H. E Terrill, J. H Troutman, O. F Vandolah, W. E. Vimont, Letto'n Von Gruenigan, Albert. Von Gruenigan, Fred .. Walker, Wm Weeks, Swayne Weimer, Geo. S Williams, E. N Wingfield, E. A Yancey, Raymond Zaring', A. L Yancey, Frank Goshen La Grange. . . . Grant St. Vincent Farmdale Ghent Hutchison Lawrenceburg, Falmouth Augusta Hopkinsville. . do do Gracey Smithfield Elkton Nicholasville. . La Grange Paris.... Stanford do Hopkinsville. . Crest v/ood Augusta Lexington La Grange Hopkinsville. . Crestwood Elkton 14 2 13 4 1 1 3 12 2 27 1 3 9 17 7 18 1 7 5 19 6 1 48 1 36 16 12 35 13 20 7 10 29 11 13 29 40 7 26 19 20 11 28 3 16 7 LOUISIANA. Alford, H. N Alford, S. J Anthony, L Bollolfo, G Bridges, Henry Bridges, Jack Bridges, J. J Bridges, Joel Brodham, J. S Brodley, U. S Carter, W. H.. Cyples, A Hay, H. H Hay, M Hodspm, Prof. R. W Hyson, W. E Easley, R. T Ellis, Mrs. M. K Frazier, J. P Hutchinson, H. E Hyde, C. A Hyde, C. J Johns, Hr. J. B Keator, Hr. J. T Kliesch, T. A Louisiana State University. McBaniel, L. H Minor Estate Moore, Sam Morgan, W. T Morris-Hay Co Munch, Jake Neetham, J. T Newman, J. A Newsom, J. E Passon, Robert Pounder, L. B Powell, J. A Price, W. A Ho Raley, R. E Raley, R. T Reeves, J. C Schwartz, N. G Schwartz, Utis Amite Kentwood Hammond do Tangipahoa do do .....do Kentwood Fluker Hammond do Kentwood do Baton Rouge Kentwood Tangipahoa Kentwood do Tangipahoa Fluker do Stonewall Bermuda Post office, Osyka, Miss. Baton Rouge Kentwood Houma Tangipahoa Fluker Kentwood New Orleans Kentwood do Tangipahoa New Iberia Amite Kentwood do do do do Tangipahoa Kentwood do 13 5 6 2 9 11 29 3 1 3 14 13 41 21 18 18 17 30 16 27 24 28 20 17 24 71 59 11 20 20 23 45 1 23 5 13 12 23 18 51 12 25 14 59 54 13 18 29 23 18 29 10 21 34 72 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , JERSEY— Continued. Name. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. Purebred. Grade. Louisiana — continued. Shaffer, It. B Shall, M. A Simmon ds, M. W Smith, C. L Smith, H. J Smith, L. H Southwestern Industrial Institute Strickland, H. T Supple, J. W., Planting Co Swearingcr. J. T Tariere Dairy Terry, C. P Tyler. C. T Tyner, E. T Venable, W. E Vernon, E. T Wall, J. P Waller, Jules V/ Young, M. P Young, R. M.: Young, W. J Ellendale Harahan Kentwood do do do La Fayette Tangipahoa Bayou Goula Kentwood Burwick Post office, Osyka, Miss Amite Kentwood Tangipahoa Fluker Tangipahoa do Kentwood do Tangipahoa 1 6 1 i 34 21 12 17 12 Iff 21 21 40 18 41 26 14 29 12 35 22 20 10 35 11 MAINE. 1 6 Alley W E North Vassalboro, R. 49 1 A trips Frank S Machias 7 Ash Nathan Bar Harbor Ayredale Stock Farm Bangor 134 Babbidge Chas North Brooksville Bailey, C E North Vassalboro. . . , Bellows Charles E Freedom 4 Bisbee Bros Canton 10 Blaisdell Geo Mercer 1 Blanchard Fred S Cumberland Center 8 Boothby It H Livermore Falls 6 Bowdoin Geo Harmony Boynton P L Liberty Brapp H E North Vassalboro 1 ^ * ~R rip P's O S Turner, R. 2 3 -~ A 1 oo°> • - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Burgess F O North Vassalboro 1 Cannon Roy Oakland Chadbourne A L Harmony Chapman Everett T Harrison, R. R 2 Chipman Geo E South Poland Cl°mert ’Frank 11 West Penobscot Clou or h Richard Monmouth 1 Cook 5 D A Oakland Cooley Henry Brigham 14 Cottle .A. G" Houlton 16 Cousins Horace W aterville Cunningham E L Bangor (Hurt is E W W aterville Cushman F H do 2 Davis E E Greene 6 Denton L EL Caribou 4 Doe A ’e Vassalboro Doe Frank E Fairfield Center 7 Doughty T B Norway, R. 2 6 Downer E W Freedom 4 Drummond. Scott H W inslow Dudley Harvey Strickland Dunbar H W East Sullivan Ed^ecomb F Cornish 2 Farrington C W Fryeburg 28 Fif'Pl Chas F Cumberland Center 9 Fogg Lester L Greene 5 Ford Bros Brewer 1 Fotel Geo Waterville French Geo EL Turner Gifford’ E S* Auburn 22 Gordon J H Livermore 11 Green, il. F Houlton 2 7 28 14 5 9 5 11 id 13 18 6 14 17 45 31 14 10 13 18 13 Iff 8 11 10 9 6 29 17 11 11 14 7 15 6 8 14 12 14 10 1 7 4 10 20 12 16 10 Tuberculosis Eradication under ihe Accredited-Herd Plan . 73 JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. aine — continue d . Hallee, Oscar Hanna, E. A Harding E. C Hardy, Herbert Hart, C. H Haslam, M. W Haynes, Guy C Heikkinen, Antti Highacre Farm Hill, Mrs. F. E Hinkley, E. E Hosmer, Addison A . . . Howe, Paul H Howe, T. N Innes. Chas. H Jones, R. O Jones, Wallace Jordan, Harvey H Judd, J. H Kelley, Geo Leach, Irving L Leathers, O. C Leonard, Arthur W. . . Levanseller Bros Levine, L Libby, O. B Luce, C. E. & A, J Luce, G. M. &F.C Lufkin, H. G Mansur, Leroy Mason, Fred Mclntire, A. R Means, L. F Mills, Horace Mingo, Arthur Moody, Edgar M ..... . Moore, E. L Moore, V. G Morey, Chas. E Morse & Son, F. H Moulton, H. M Mount Merici Convent. Noyes, C. W Noyes, E. I> Oliver, Geo. E Orcutt, Raymond Palmer, J. F Perkins, John F Perley, Fred B Pierce, Greenleaf Pierce, Ingraham C Pike & Sons, J. J Pinkham, C. A Pope & Sons, C. S Porter, Richard Priest, Ernest R Rand, Frank Redfem, Ralph B Richmond, Floyd Ricker, Ella J Ricker & Son, F. A Roberts, John Robinson, J. P Rose, Nelson Rugan, Frank Russell, Theodore Salshury, George Sanborn, M. B Sanderson, A. L Savage, Edgar W Shorev, C.F Simpson. George ... Smith, Elbridge, & Son Smith, Walter Soper, Geo. I Staples, W. H..... Stevens, A. Herbert North Vassalboro. . Ashville South Union FI ope Brewer Waltham Vassalboro Livermore Falls Bangor Calais North Livermore. . . East Wilton Norway Greene Saco. Winslow North Vassalboro. . Waltham Greene Mercer Blue Hill Kenduskeag Thorndike Waldo Waterville Warren Farmington do Levant Monroe Waterville Fairfield do West Brooksville. . . Fairfield Union Livermore Falls — Bangor Mechanic Falls Waterford Cumberland Center . Waterville East Wilton Fairfield Waterville East Sullivan. East Sumner Levant Vassalboro Berwick Brigham East Brownfield North Vassalboro. . Manchester Washburn North Vassalboro. . . do Yarmouth Strickland Harmony Turner Alfred East Sumner Dixfield Houlton Livermore Fairfield Greene.... Harrison Farmington North Vassalboro. . . Waterville West Kennebunk . . . Brewer North Penobscot Limerick Livermore Falls 12 12 14 2 IU 18 14 1 10 12 65 1 12 1 13 3 8 16 1 20 13 16 12 19 9 3 14 20 9 8 1 18 13 1 18 8 16 5 20 31 4 16 2 16 10 11 13 10 11 14 14 17 20 6 5 26 41 28 11 11 3 15 23 10 9 3 8 12 34 13 19 4 1 23 1 12 36 1 9 8 8 14 23 1 16 13 13 12 6 21 10 2 18 1 15 11 12 14 1 16 5 8 11 20 5 3 10 11 ... 10 5 1 8 74 Department Circular lb3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , J ER SE Y — Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once out ret Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. Maine — continued. 14 2 g Tavlor & Son, J 13 4 g Tobey, L. J 13 Totman. Hiram W 21 11 Towle, E N 15 11 27 6 Tyler, Frank C 11 34 7 g Wallace, R.'a 5 11 Ward (J U G 14 11 5 g 11 12 10 12 28 MARYLAND. 7 2 Railey W F 12 13 Cffflllr Oyrfvp Trapne ................. 34 Clfvmfvps ft E Brooklandviile 5 Cln] Ajaton 25 Hutchinson, M, J.. Cordova... ....... 10 Lochary Fred - ' Bel Air R 3 20 Contee ... 13 Morlnw "W PT i r ... College Park 16 Moxley J E - Bel Air R. 3 27 Osborne Mi 0 . Bel Air * 21 1 Poplin A t> 26 Silver Geo E Darlington * , 5 8 Smith Martin TT . Annapolis. ........... 7 Smith Robt J T T Easton. 3 21 Stnsrt T T . _ , T ..... Bel Air 21 Thomas E E T . . 16 Wallis 6ugh Wheaton. IS "Webster E H Bel Air 19 Webster Jno S Aberdeen, R. R 3 17 Wilonn tested with actors. Grade. Mississippi — continued. Smith, C. H Meridian 28 Smith, T. A 31 Smythe, Mis. D 17 Stevens', J. M Grenada 2 10 Stone, Jas.,sr Oxford. 64 Swan, J. D 14 Sykes, C. E Duck Hill . 7 22 Tate County Agriculture High School.. Senatobia 15 Thrash, W. Y 1 39 Todd, J. A Collins . 11 Todd, E. M 24 Trussell, T. E 10 Turner, W. L 8 3 Vardanian, W. S Greenwood 29 Ward, Evon C 10 Watkins Bros . . 1 68 Watkins, H. A 1 24 Watkins; J. R 7 13 Watkins, W. D 7 Watkins, W. E .do 2 7 Weeks, A. S West 7 Weens, S. W 9 26 Wigley, D. C West ° 1 27 Wigley, J. F 1 23 Wiglev, T. E 2 25 Wilbanks, J. E 2 17 Wilkins, J. D Duck Hill 1 33 Williams Bros 2 7 Williamson, E. W 10 Willis, Vander Dixon 2 8 Wilson. J. W Philad elphia 6 6 Wingfield, J. R Dixon 1 9 Young, G. W Lumberton 20 MISSOURI. Anderson, Ben R Perry 5 25 Atteberry, Fern Elkland 20 Atteberry, John V 10 Barnes, S. K Marshfield . . . 11 Beckner, A. L 4 40 Berry, Ralph Carthage - . 19 12 Biles, C. E Safe . 2 10 Black, K. K Fordland 1 xi Bluhm. Thomas A Smith ton 10 Bolte, John do .. 2 20 Bouldin, H. R Hughesville 8 19 Brand, H. A Cape Girardeau. . . 2 12 Brixey/R. C Marshfield. . 10 Brixey, Barney 7 25 Brock, Tom, & Son Reeds . 11 11 Browers Bros Willard 8 24 Brown, George Warren Crescent 6 2 Bucklev, T. A Sedalia 8 7 Buffum, J. A Columbia . . . 17 Bumgarner, C. C Elkland 1 19 Burrows, J. S., & Sons Carthage . . 20 3 Busiek & Sehuttler Farmington 8 25 Camfield, W. G., & Sons Neosho. . . . 21 5 Campbell Bros Carthage ... . 5 Clark, E. T., & Son Monroe City 60 Clary, Thomas C Joplin 1 19 Clouse, A. G Marshfield 11 Coffelt, E. C Strafford 10 13 Coffman, C. A Marshfield 11 Coleman Farm Coleman 17 i Cerder, Charles C Carthage 6 13 Crawford, T. D Nevada 5 2 Curran Bros Sedalia 1 16 Davis, C. B Elkland 2 12 Demand, Elsten Smithton . . . 6 11 Dennis, C. B Trenton 4 34 Dillard, J. G Jefferson City 26 Drum, O. C Jackson . 6 35 Dumell, Fred Springfield . 30 20 Ehlers, Chris ('ape Girardeau 1 11 Ennis, Albert S Festus . . . 21 13 Fellin, P. J Marshfield 15 78 , Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Fellin, Louis Missouri — continued . Marshfield 13 22 53 21 21 12 13 13 Fellin, Jim, & Ed Felske, Jacob 4 9 Forbis, M. F Ohillicbthe Ford, N. D., & Son Jackson Ford, R. H F orderhase, George R Hermann Fornkohl, Wm 1 44 4 10 Foster, C. A Trenton Froem'sdorf, H. J Cape Girardeau . . 12 7 12 12 10 4 14 13 2 12 12 15 Glanbitz, B Rogersville.. Glanbitz, Emanuel Fordland Goodfaster, J. T Guy, L. P Marshfield Iiagan, George W Lees Summit..,. 10 16 20 8 3 Harlan, 0.0 Harris, Lee Hart, Edgar IJrich Hartman, Wm Hartshorn, Mrs. Dave E Farmington Hawn, J. F 2 27 1 Head, S. R Hannibal Hitt, Horace E Gordon ville 23 17 30 13 11 14 13 17 5 2 15 29 15 13 33 5 5 14 3 41 7 2 1 11 Hitt, M. L Hobbs, John A 2 Hoehn's, W. A Smithton Hollis, J. M Elkland Huber, Gilbert B Perrvville 6 Hume,' H. H Urbana Hunsaker, T. H Novelty 1 53 23 Independent Order of Odd Fellows Home. Jackson, R. A Liberty Huntsville . . Johnson, Roy Farmington Keller, A. 0 Cape Girardeau 3 Keller, F. A Keller, H. M 7 4 8 6 Kellogg Farm Carthage . . Klein, August Sedalia Knight, A. G Trenton . Landers, 0. S Dadeville Leuther, F. C Marshfield 8 5 8 17 9 Lewis, E. R : Jackson Lewis, T. H Cape Girardeau Lochrie, George M Carl Junction Long, John Lujin, Roy Smithton . McCall, Dan Elkland 12 2 2 20 23 1 26 1 27 21 26 6 6 17 4 Me Gary, G. R Fayette 22 12 1 McKinney, J. G Marshfield McWilliams, Dr. J. A Bucklin McWilliams, J. N Mammon, Charles Cape Girardeau 12 22 16 14 2 Mayhew, D. S Monett Monsees, J. T Smithton Monsees, W. C Sedalia Morris, D. R Bucklin Morris, H. J New Cambria . . Morton, W. P Jackson 10 8 Motley, L. W., & Sons Vandalia Nichols, Herschel Huntsville Nordike, S. A., & Son Springfield 30 26 13 1 11 9 10 11 25 1 20 North, Dick Neosho Norton, N. L Sedalia Oliver, Rolla In depen dence 46 Osredlter, A Marshfield Paugh, E . F Carthage _ 21 Peabody, C. F., & Son Smithton Phelps, Julius C Jefferson City Pile, Seldon H Glasgow 1 22 1 13 9 54 Poundstone, R. F Oronogo Ragsdale, J. M Marshfield ... Rainwater, J. M Kirksville. . . Reed, Clarence E Puxico . 2 Redmon & Son Tipton Reesman, A. J Kirksville . 17 4 Robinson, C. A do 59 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 79 JERSEY— Continued. Name. .Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Missouri — continued. Roller, S. M Purdy 16 18 Roney, T. J Webb City 19 31 Rose,'6rUY M Rogersville 14 Ross" Frank F 13 2 Ross, W. B 10 Rowland, H New Cambria 22 Saffarrans, George V Paimvria 30 San drv, W. J 31 2 Schulze, H. H 21 1 17 Shertz, W. W Fordland 12 2 Slater, F. E Hale 14 23 Smith, Ira L Smithton 12 Smith^ N. A 11 14 Snodgrass^ J. M do 13 17 4 Spink, jMrs. Ella 12 Stevenson, W. H 8 1 Stuckey, Edward 7 9 Thompson, Janies E 13 8 Tisdale, G. W 1 17 Truitt, "Mrs. Mary E H Von Gremp, C. (5 H 11 Walbridge^ C. M Kansas City 15 Walker, J. T. Est 48 Wallen, Ernest W., & Son 16 Wampler, Clyde.. . Amazonia 10 7 Wampler, L.'M 27 Watkins, Walter R Clayton 8 14 Watts, C. N Rogersville 16 Webb, J. A Oak Grove 3 12 Webster, C. D St. Joseph 7 5 White, i. R & Son Aurora 3 25 Whiteside, Tom Springfield 15 Whittenburg Bros Marshfield 12 15 Wise, Edward L Webb City 6 Wrigley, R. G Savannah 39 1 Young, R. I St. Joseph 8 Zigelhofer, George Marshfield 10 18 MONTANA. Burgess, S. J Helena 91 Daniels, R. H Corvallis _ 8 4 Kelly, Samuel Cascade 60 Logan, Mrs. Toi. Long Sf,even svi 11 p. 25 8 McComas, W. P Helena 46 Myers, S. C Huntley . . 1 33 Smith, W. A Simms 2 21 Smock, E. A Cascade 25 Thurston, Charles Butte 51 NEBRASKA. Barnell, Sumner Sutton 13 Carothers, A Beaver City 14 Eager, Earl Beaver Crossing 24 Englehardt, G.W Osceola 5 4 Glass, Albert Fairfield 1 • IQ Margrave, J Preston 4 10 Miller, Frank Clay Center 7 Nevins, E. L Fairfield 12 Norlin, John Harvard 10 Ransom & Smelz Clay Center 27 Ransom, Schuyler Salem 1 17 Rice, Wm. G Fort Crook 10 4 Savin, R. T Lexington 6 13 Sinclair, N Collegeview 1 11 Stewart, W. Y Ord 6 g Theer, Rena Shickley 5 7 Weller, W. F Raymond 26 Williams, W.J Cedar Rapids 16 80 Department Circular U3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. I Grade. NEVADA. Cooper, Richard 1 io Filbey, J. L X 1 6 94. Farmer, J. R Sparks, box 263. . Z*± oo Gibson, Robert 0 St. Thomas oO 10 OQ Glazier, Chas. E Fallon Johnston, J. H 9Q Mathews, Frank, Estate Yerington 09 McCain, A. A Kaolin zo NEW HAMPSHIRE. aU Bass, Robert P 14 on Garvin, F. E 3 o Hunter, Roy D 36 o Q Lcvejoy, Harry C ' Cornish Flat 19 Mativia, H. J 19 Putnam, Geo. M 33 Putney, Ira A 3 JL 14 Record,' W. J 4 It 58 Rossiter, C. T 11 ift Steams, N. F 15 AO 91 Townsend, H. S 20 Zi 11 Walton, Fred 7 NEW JERSEY. Doscher, Charles A Millington 38 NEW YORK. Babcock, C. H Friendship . . 49 Christian, Howard Ashland 13 Clark, M. H. & M. A Elma 33 Devine, Dr. J. F Goshen g 1 De Witt, Owen Interlaken 24 A Genung, Dr. H Freeville '. 20 Gregory. D. M Mount Vision 10 Hoose, Arthur L IX 15 Hosford, J. S Kinderhook 60 Ingalshe, Frank South Hart wick . 16 Keenev, F. B Warsaw... . 49 La Salie Jersey Stock Farm La Salle 60 Mills, Ogden Staatsburg.. 53 Parks, C. J Fergusonville 1 14 Relyea, A. J Oneonta 6 Rounds, John Mount Vision. 2 12 Smith, H. C. & A. V Marcellus 37 Steele, P. R Windham 3 94 Wardwell, H. L Springfield Center. . 11 Zcx 3 Wilbur, D. G. & E. R Stillwater 7 10 Young, Dr. D. F Phoenix 43 NORTH CAROLINA. Abernathy, C. L Charlotte 1 24 Ackemran, S. A 16 North Carolina State College of Agricul- Raleigh 56 11 ture and Engineering. Alexander, J. L Gastonia 10 19 Alexander^ J. W Kannapolis Allen, 0. R Mocks ville 1 LZ 20 Anders, J. E Asheville, R. 5 19 Anthony, W. D Gastonia 15 Arrowood. L. C Bessemer City 2 21 Atwood, A. B Winston-Salem, R. 1 11 49 Austin, J. W Biltmore 32 Baker, W. F Charlotte 5 33 Ballard, L. G Candler, R. 2 13 Barger, T. J. A Salisburv, R. 6 4 4 Beaty, T. J Paw Creek . . 17 Bernhardt, R. L Salisburv 11 Black, J. A Charlotte 11 Bodennamer, 0. H Winston-Salem, R. 5 1 17 Booker, L. S Durham .... 21 Bost, C. M Matthews 4 7 Bost, J Rockwell 10 Boyd, W. R Charlotte - 2 8 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 81 JERSEY-Continued. Name. Address. j Cattle once out res Purebred. north Carolina— continued. Boyd, T. C Bradley, Mrs. W Statesville Briggs, O. W Fletcher Brown, Jas. S Asheville, R. 2 Brown, W. A Rocky Point . . Bullard, James Fayetteville... Burrage, R. L Concord . . . J Cansler, E. T Charlotte 21 Camber, J. E Coble, S. E., Friendship Farm Guilford College Compler, Ben Goldsboro... Coner, W. C Cherryville... Conley, T. E 2 Craig, W. R Mocksville, R. 4... Creasinan, C. M Biltmore Davall, W. H Asheville, R. 4 Davis, B. G Bessemer City. Davis, L. L Kinston Deal, C. C China Grove Deal, E. L .. . . o Dellinger, E. Lee Cherrvville z Dennis. W. J West Durham Dillingham, A. M Asheville, R. 2. . Dixon, C. S Raleigh Dockery, J. C Asheville, R. 1 . . Dykers, M Wilmington... Eakers, C. M Crouse Edmiston, V. C Mount Ulla Endsley, W. H Winston-Salem Falls, R. M Gastonia . . i Finger, C. E Hickory.. 25 Flowe, J. W Kannapolis Foard, J. D Statesville 8 Foil, H. C Rockwell Fuwalon, G. W Biltmore Gaddy, W. H Galloway, M. A Charlotte Gate, F. T., & Son Hoffman 1 1 German, J. E Boomer. 11 16 German, J. M Gillispie, W. K Asheville o Gochnauer, C. H New Bern Green, A. C Raleigh Green, J. E Green, T. M Fayetteville l Green, N. W Raleigh i Greenwood & Sams Asheville Greer, Grover C Grassy Creek 1 A Griffin, B. F Matthews . 10 O Harden, John W Raleigh Harris, N. B., & Bros Newell 7 Heavner, F. J Lineolnton R 1 o Henderson, E. L Graham Z Herman, P. G Conover, R. 1 10 Hoover, G. L Charlotte Hunsucker, G. L Asheville R. 1... Irvin, T. S Mocksville Jackson, F. H Bowling Green R. 1 Jackson, R. A Jeffreys, J. M Raleigh Johnston, I. W Wilmington 0 Jones, T. P Candler Justice, C. N Rutherfordton R 4 A Justus, W. S Biltmore Kilgore, B. W Raleigh Kindley, G. W Greensboro Kiser, D. A Bessemer City, R. 2 Knowles, H. C Wilmington.. . Lambeth, J. W. . . . Thomas ville . . 1 Lawrence Bros Raleigh Lee, W. R Charlotte, R. 2 7 Ledbetter, Carrol Legans, G. L Asheville Cana i Lewis, J. A Lineberry, C. C Greensboro, R. 2 Greensboro l Lingerfelt, W. M Bessemer City Grade. 45 15 23 36 17 18 7 10 29 10 13 8 30 23 49 18 6 26 12 6 12 1 16 10 15 11 19 6 13 15 8 37 27 22 12 10 25 11 6 16 13 22 1 11 12650 °— 20 - 82 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued. N ame. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. north Carolina— continued. Ludwiek, T. B. S Lumberton Cotton Mills Lunsford, H. M Lutz, Miss Sarah C Luwalon, G. W McDaniel, J. F McDowell, R. E McKennon, L. W McLaughlin, H. L McLean, S. B McNight, J. F Martin Farms (Inc.) Mason, P. R Menius N. W Methodist Orphanage Misenheimer, J. A Moore, A. E Morris, Dr. J. A Morrison, W. E.... Morrow, T Moose, E. L. Moss, J. R Mouser, H. E Nazareth Orphanage Neel, D. L... Nettles, H. L Oats, T. R. E Orr, R. W Osborne, F. C Paine, I. N Parker, R. A Pearson, B. G Pearson, W. C Pember, E. A Penninger, M. L Phipps, J. Henry Piedmont Experiment Station Pitts, J. P Price, S. I Pugh, A. W Rea, J. L Reams, E. L Redman, G. R Reynolda Farms Co Rhyme, E. C Ricks, R. H Roberson, W. M Roberts, J. M Robinson, J. C Robinson, J. H Roper Lumber Co Rouse, N. J Rowe, Mary Roystei\ T. S Sharp, W. H Sherrill, M. F Shu ford, R. L Shuping, W. A Smith, G. D Smith, J. F Smith, J. G Sparrow, Thos Stevenson, J. H Stewart, C. B Stewart, J. A Stirewalt, G. C Turner, J. F Turner, W. P. M Wagoner, F. A Wake County Home Ward Bros Warlick, J. R Warlick, T. A Waugh, Mrs. James Weathers, T. P Weijers, Christiaan Wheeler, Paul Salisbmy Lumberton Asheville, R. 3 Newton Biltmore Kinston Charlotte Maxton Mount Ulla Maxton China Grove Belmont, R. 1 Thomasville Salisbury Raleigh Rockwell Gastonia.... Oxford Statesville Mount Ulla Conover Albemarle Newton Raleigh Woodleaf. Biltmore Gastonia Statesville Fletcher, R. 1 Statesville Weaverville Gastonia do New Bern Mount Pleasant, R. 3 Greensboro Statesville Hickory... Charlotte Climax Matthews Charlotte Biltmore Winston-Salem Reepsville Rocky Mount Asheville, R. 1 Asheville Gastonia Charlotte, R. 7 Roper Kinston Conover Bessemer City Greensboro Statesville Salisbury Salisbury, R. 5 Biltmore Concord Guilford College Gastonia New Bern Derita, R. 14 Mooresville China Grove. Mount Ulla Wilmington Mocksville Raleigh Greensboro Reepsville do Greensboro Raleigh Wilmington Durham 1 6 6 19 1 14 1 22 2 1 1 4 14 7 7 5 2 2 11 2 2 3 3 1 12 3 4 2 2 Grade. 22 37 21 l 21 17 14 17 11 11 21 10 20 7 19 2 2 4 11 23 56 12 14 10 13 11 10 21 15 14 14 4 3 23 15 23 13 22 11 42 12 15 27 31 10 12 8 11 19 10 5 3 24 24 15 14 17 16 5 6 12 13 14 13 12 9 12 17 19 12 21 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 83 JERSEY —Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once out re: Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. north Carolina— continued. Whitesides, M. W 11 Wiggs, W. B 10 Williams, H. B Raleigh, R.2 5 19 Wilson, R. H 13 Wilson, W. A 13 18 Yost, R. W Charlotte 2 16 NORTH DAKOTA. Albright, M. H Fargo , 13 Hammond, C. B Clyde 6 6 Lund, H. . 12 Newgard, E 14 Noble, M. B 7 9 School for Blind 5 Tuberculosis S anitarium Dunseith 1 28 Page, Wm., & Sons 16 2 Smith, W. S 2 13 OHIO. Abbott, George F 27 Andre, Lerov W 6 Arbaugh & Miser 15 Ault Sisters 2 15 Bachman, H. C 13 2 Bachman' S. L 16 1 Barkley, Ellis B 12 Bartles, H. S New Philadelphia 10 Beardslev, H. J Canfield 33 4 Bee, Walter Bethel 12 Belmont County Children’s Home Tacoma 10 Benner, Jerome L Tiffin 12 Bin ns, John A Salem 13 Blosser, Eli North Lima 3 15 Boltz, A. H New Philadelphia 15 Bowles, A. B Harrison - - 10 1 Brady, W. G Barnes ville 3 11 Brisker, Eli Salem 20 Brocket!, E. W Atwater 18 Brooks & Barker 32 Brown, M. E Columbus 18 Bruderly, Fred W ashingtonville 19 4 Bundy, W. J Colerain 2 3 Burchfield, George C Barnes ville 1 12 Candel, Henry Columbiana . . . 18 Camnbell, C. H St. Clairs ville 18 Chidsey, Grant C Brunswick 22 2 Christy, S. G St. Clairs ville 11 Coning, D. M Dayton 13 ConMe, Alonzo Clark 17 Conkle, C Lay! and 44 Cope, Emmor Salem 10 1 Crawford, Thomas __ do 11 Crouse, Rollin North Lima 5 Croy, N. S Pomeroy, 23 Cuckler, W. H Athens 13 4 Damon & Co., C. W Brunswick - 25 1 Delaney, G. W Barnes ville 11 \ Dempsey, Tom Water ville 15 Denison & Son, L, L Delaware 23 Denlinger, Moses Trotwood 18 Detrow, Sylvanus Poland 6 Dickey, Mrs. Dell Elkton 6 2 Doudna, J. E Quaker City 18 4 Drewey, Mrs. L. D Terrace Park 13 Dumford, J. W Pleasant Plain 13 Dunn, Walter Salem 16 11 Dysart, W. H Pataskala 16 Eblin, James Middleport 23 Emery, D.C Napoleon 4 14 Farrell, Herbert Sandusky., Filbrun F. A Dayton 10 Fitz, John Venice 18 Fraley, E . P Belial re _ . 12 Frederick, Allen Poland 19 84 Department Circular 143, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture , JERSEY— Continued. Name. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Address. Purebred. Grade. onio — continued . French, Homer Fultz, F. W Galloway, J. C Garber, C. W Garman, H. B. & B. F Garrison, W. W Gebhard, John W Geigher, F. B George, H. G Giffee, J. B Giffin, F. M Giffin & Son, J. M Gilmore, WaidA Godfrey, O. L Gosser, Louis A Gracey, J. E Graham, J. M Haines, J. R Haines & Cochran Hall, J. Wilmer Hall, W. T Halle, Salmon P Halverstadt, A. C Hamilton, I. H Hamilton County Experiment Farm.. Hanna, M. R Haven, B. W Ileeter, Albert Higgins & Son, J. W Hippely, Fred Hoopes, Charles Irey, Julian Jeffers, A. B Johnson, W. S Jones, A. C Jones, Austin Judkins, James A Kennedy, W. F Kimberlin, E. F King, Harry J Koerner, George A., & Son Krieger, E. J Krieger, W. H Kryder, Geo. E Lane, C. C Lesher, Torrence Lewis, B. S Long, Byron Long, J. P Lucius, Mrs. W. I Lust, W. H McCorkle, R. L McKi trick, B. A Malmsburry, J. S Maple Grove Dairy Martin, S. E Martindill, J. E Mercer, L. L Meyer & Sons, C. F Miley, D. C Miller & Son, E. F Miller & Son, H. P Miller & Son, Wm Moore, J. E Moore, John H Mowen & Moore Murphy, J. A Nash, Dr. J. K Neer & Son, J. S Negus, A. J Newhouse, J. B Nickols, A. J Nuhfer, George Parrish, E. C Perry County Infirmary Phillips, C. M Phillips, Ross Sa/em Hanoverton Bridgeport Bellville Everett Springfield Elkton New Springfield... Hiram Barnesville Bellaire do Minersville Bridgeport Berlin Center Quaker City Millersburg Dillonvale Blanchester Barnesville do Wickliffe Columbiana Toledo Mount Healthy . . . Elkton Galena New Lebanon Athens Salem do Lisbon Barnesville St. Clairsville Yorkville Wilmington Barnesville Blue Ash Orrville Washington C. H. Powhatan Swanton Bridgeport McClure Bellefontaine Vandalia St. Clairsville Waynesburg Dayton Hamilton Marion Niles West Mansfield North Benton Smithville New Concord Pataskaia St. Clairsville New Philadelphia. Lay land Vermilion Sunbury Gypsum Hanoverton Pataskaia Deerfield Bethesda Y oungstown Mechanicsburg Bridgeport Magnolia Berlin Heights — Woodville Cadiz Lexington Barnesville do 14 7 1 9 7 9 6 12 22 13 7 3 6 2 28 1 7 1 15 7 26 9 4 5 4 17 3 7 9 16 35 6 4 10 33 9 5 7 3 4 3 1 12 13 7 11 13 4 25 28 2 3 14 5 9 13 12 7 15 1 23 12 3 8 16 54 1 3 2 12 21 13 30 5 3 13 10 1 12 10 2 5 8 13 16 41 5 30 13 11 4 21 8 4 9 9 2 27 41 9 4 27 3 10 19 4 16 19 8 34 25 8 18 3 21 2 4 14 9 7 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 85 JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. i tested with- sactors. Grade. Pike, G. W OHIO — continued. New Waterford. . . 11 3 23 4 8 8 14 1 9 13 9 10 17 16 58 13 26 21 14 11 3 13 28 11 32 8 4 6 7 Pirn, F. C East Rochester. .. . Pim, J. G Beloit Plumlv, Park Barnesville Pomerene, W. R Worthington Povv, C. A Salem. .. 12 Price, W. H Woodville Pyle, S. C Clarksville 4 9 6 Ransom, Ben Prospect Reed, G. C. & H. C Canfield Renninger, P. L Clifton ... . Rilev, John L Canfield . Rinehart, R. R Ritchey, E. T Tuppers Plains Robinson Bros Plain Citv Robinson, E. C Coplev ...’..Lj... 4 2 Robinson, J. T Rogers, Roscoe M Rohrer, J. S 3 3 13 4 13 Rohrer, S. E Rose, M. T Ross, C. W Greenfield Felicity Rossolot, Charles Pleasant Plain . Roth, Lewis Bridgeport Rupert & Son, Benj New Waterford Sale, Walter W Columbus Schumacher, Menno Pandora Scott, Seth P 18 5 9 18 15 23 11 2 7 16 6 Sears', W. H Barnesville Shaw, J. T..... Lisbon 3 Short, J. C Xenia Shrock, A. J North Lima Slagel, Homer B Poland 4 3 2 11 11 Smith, F. B Cadiz Smith, H. C Salem Stamp, J. R Stamp, J. W Steer, L. E Hanoverton Steiner, William Pandora Stewart, C. V Amalin Stillson Bros Kent 6 25 18 11 19 19 Stockslager, Chas Ivewisburg Stouffer, H. S Continental . . 1 5 1 47 14 Stratlord, Thos. G Canfield.. .. Stratton, B. W Hanoverton.. . Telling-Belle Vernon Co Willoughby Terrell, Harley Degraff Thomas, Walter S Adena 11 31 13 24 26 20 8 9 6 10 6 Tyson, Charles Hamilton Van Blaricom, S. N Salem Venable & Son. J. W Vickers, F. R Walker, H. F Williamsburg Walker, R. L Bridgeport. . . 9 Walton, D. E Columbiana Ware, W. L Batavia Whinnery, 0. E Salem White, L. A Clyde . . 1 13 5 3 Wright, Rev. E. J Zedaker, J. C . Granville Y oungstown . . 3 2 18 18 9 Ziegler, Alvin E* Sterling, R. 1... Agricultural and Mechanical College. . . Bell, Robert OKLAHOMA. Stillwater El Reno 3 3 16 10 20 16 15 19 11 Bush, A. B Comanche Butler, A. M Guthrie Hampton, L. A Dale... 11 10 71 Harrison, H. E- El Reno Harris & Patterson Muskogee Hawley, William Guthrie Madden, Fred Mecoskev, John El Reno Murray State School Oklahoma Institute for Feeble Minded." Schalker, Henry Tishomingo 6 1 Enid Guthrie 64 22 86 Department Circular lb3, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture , JERSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re; Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. Oklahoma — continued. Sheffler, E. E Guthrie j 29 Stochr, C El Reno... 13 State Reform School Pauls Valley.... 1 84 Thompson & Boone Guthrie WoKef Frank El Reno 18- 5 Worthington, John do 6 g OBEGON. Abraham, V. S. . Gaston 15 19 Allen, D.P Blind Slough. 19 Bagley Co Hillsboro. 12 Baslirigton, George W Astoria 21 Bixby;B. A “ Freewater 11 10 Black/Noah Reedsport 32 Butler, F. E Blind Slough 17 Chandler, A. B Sheridan 8 Cleveland, W. H Gresham 13 Conlcey, C. H., & Frank Alderman La Grande 12 Dammeier, G. H 10 Ebsen, Chris 23 Elligsen, Z. Oregon City 16 Exon, J. W Wood burn 20 Fox Bros Silver ton 21 Bart, E. D... Boring 11 Terger, A. H do 14 Tones, Jacob W 34 Kalarider, Emil Blind Slough 17 Kangas, Jan. 10 Kemmling, John Prineville . . 29 Lahti, Henry Blind Slough 13 Landes, M. E Redmond 15 McCalman, A Scott s Mills 19 McCoy, J. D Freewater 23 McCully, C. B Aumsville 14 Malar, A., jr Boring.. 18 Marks Bros Roseburg 14 25 Martin, William Forest Grove 28 Michelson, Elias Blind Slough 10 Michelson, Victor 10 Morrow, W. 0 independence 5 Nelson, Be Boring 12 Oja, Abel ; Blind Slough 10 Polso, John . .do 15 Reid, Clifford... Portland 10 Schultz, John Blind Slough 16 Sneed, N. T Halsey 12 Walker, W. L Joseph.. 13 West, Harry Scappoose 35 Wilson, Hugh Joseph . . 35 Winter, Chris Astoria . . . 11 Wood, Sam M Redmond . . 21 PENNSYLVANIA. Arnold, Raymond B Milan 6 43 Ball Brothers Birchard ville 24 2 Barber , H . S. , & Son Mercer, R. 4 30 2 Berryhill, C . M Hickory 27 Bixler, E. S Easton. . 7 Boak, J. A N ew Castle, R . 4 . . 19 2 Boozell, Harry Volant, R.2 18 Bortz, D. R., & Son Greenville, R . 49 . . . . 10 Brenneman, Gideon J Elk Lick 25 Bronson, J. W New Galilee, R. 1 12 Buchanan, J. E West Alexander 7 1 Buckwalter, Mrs., & Son Pulaski, R. 62, Emerald Crest Farm.. 8 16 Byers, J. F Enon Valley, R. 2. 1 17 Cameron, A. F., & J. O New Castle, R . 4 . . 21 Chamberlin, T. J Munderf 2 10 Clark, Rufus W., & Son Enon Valley, R. 1... 2 28 Cox, John W New Wilmington 15 4 Cox, Pearson New Wilmington, R. 63 H 2 Craig, J. G West Alexander 10 9 Craig, N. A Edinburg, R.2 1 11 Crandall, Philip S Alba, R. 3 22 Davison, H. M Tarentum , R.3 35 Davis, Lawrence 1 Mercer, R. 6 10 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 87 JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. ! tested with- actors. Grade. PENNSYLVANIA— continued . Davidson, Frank g 1 Devlin, Thomas 15 I Dick, Robert W 4 ID 17 Douglas, R. R Enon Valiev, R. 1 A / 9ft Fullerton, W. S 14 1 Gazzo, Frank Mercer, R. 3.. 1 11 George J unior Republic Grove City 19 Gilkev, J. F., & Son 2 ift Gilson, H. J Titusville, R. 2 ID 17 Gladfelter, W. L 59 Graham, J. C Grove, Clyde 12 Hackney, E. S 12 Hall, Mrs. J. K. P in 7 c 91 Hope, \V . H i 0 1[ ol 1 A Hummer, E. W JL^± 99 Hunt, J. M... lu 7 66 1 1 Hunt, S. J • 9 11 18 Ingraham , 0 . R Townville O 14 Jamison, T. A . 9 1 9 Jenkins, Charles S O 25 JLZ A McCaslih & Forbes New Castle, R. 6 33 *± McClelland, E. C 14 1 A McClelland, H. A 10 19 McCurdv, R. L Posters ville, R. 3 in McDougall, G. M Mercer, R. 2 1U 91 McEwen, R. E 6 G McFarland, E. E Pulaski, R. 62 15 Mack, J. B Titusville R 5 Main, J. M., & Sons Shippensburg, R.3 I 19 22 Meals, F. H „ Saesferstown G 'Montgomerjr, T.N.&R.E Grove City, R. 16, Cloverhill Farm «7 1 20 Needier, C. W Edinburg o / Oliver, John C Sewickley a 11 (Reed, James P West Alexander R 3 0 15 4 Ribb, F. 0., & Son Diamond, R. 1 7 1 ft Root, James Titusville, star route J.D 10 Shields, Frank Portersville, R. 2 ..... K Shoemaker, J. C Enon Valley, R. 2, Hill Crest Stock 0 1 H Farm. Sibley, Jos. C Franklin, River Ridge Farm QO 1 Snvder, H. S Bethlehem . 0 j 1 3 ! Swisher, J. Jay Enon Valley. . 1 1 9 Syling, J. B Elwood City R 1 1 o lo Tittsler, W. C Pulaski R 62 10 Vansant, Dr. Jos. W Fox Chase 19 o 1 Webster, A. S Guys Mills y 20 Westlake, L. D Jackson Center, R. 18, Pine Brook t> 13 9 Farm. Wetzel, S. S Marion Center in Wimer, Wm. S Slippery Rock, R.3 iy Wylie, W. E Grove City, R 16 1 ii -i n Yingling, C. W Tryonville 1 o 10 Yoder, Lewis S Elk Lick O 18 91 SOUTH CAROUNA. ol Addison, G. B Spartanburg 1 O Browning, W. B Ridge viile 12 lift Burgess, V. L Greenville 110 Oft Carson, B. G Ridge viile ZD Chapman, E. E Greenville l 34 Clinkscales. C. C Troy 22 Oft Coleman, S. L Fountain Tnn ft 20 Connie Maxwell Orphanage. . . Greenwood \ ) 9/1 Cushman, C. P Windsor 04: 1 c Edwards, A. F Darlington lo Ol Edwards, B. F Greenwood.' 21 0*7 Epworth Orphanage Columbia 27 on Fowke, J. C Baldock 2y 94. Glover" W. F. H Charleston /I9 Gramlmg, B. M Gramling 4o Green, J. M Columbia, R 4 * ” " 15 Haskell, A. P Columbia, R. 1 5 11 Hickson, John Kollock 55 Hughes, Lizzie Columbia o\) 13 24 88 Department Circular 143, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, JERSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out res Purebred. tested with- ictors. Grade. south Carolina— continued. John de la Howe Industrial School 23 Kellett, C. H 16 McCown, J. N 14 Marshall, G. L 16 Martin, R. H. 21 Miles, Mrs. J. C 13 Millings, D. M p 12 7 5 Moored G. E. H 5 25 Morris, R. F 16 Mundy, John A 11 Mundy, W. H 15 Nicholson, A. L 24 Owens, W. B White Pond 11 11 Owings, E 2d Owings^ C. B do 10 72 Peavy, J. W 11 Phillips, W. M 18 Rainsford, F. F 9 Reams, W. S 17 12 5 4 Rodgers, A. W 1 11 Salisbury, F. W 74 13 Self, Dr. J. H 9 Shand, S. I 20 Shirley, H. C 13 41 Shuler, G. C Vance _ 11 Shuler, A. W do 11 Smith, S. G Converse, R. 1 26 Smith, W. C., jr Williston 38 Spartanburg County Farm Fair Forest 10 State College Orangeburg 22 Strickland, 0. M Columbia, R. 3 38 Swindler. W. 0 Columbia 17 Thornwell Orphanage Clinton 33 Toole, F. P Aiken 32 Wash, R. A Greenwood 19 TENNESSEE. Agricultural and Industrial State N or- Nashville 15 mal. Ailey, Geo. W Charleston 31 Alexander, P. M Cleveland , 28 Allen, H. H Bartlett 18 Anderson, C. G Memnhis 14 Anderson, E. A .... do 16 Anderson, H. B Tasso 17 Anderson, J. C., & Sons Hendersonville 28 Barham, L. E Riceville 12 Baringer, J. D Raleigh 11 Barten, G. N Buntyn 1 7 Bates, Mrs. L. A Charleston 51 6 Behles Bros Bartlett 10 Belote, T. W Buntyn 11 Bena, J. C Memphis 13 Benton, E. H Ooltewah 11 Benton, R East Chattanooga 2 6 Benton, S .. do 13 Bilderbach, C. R Memphis 12 Blake, W. S . . do 1 23 Blair, J. F Tasso 1 57 Brakebill, G. W Sweetwater 32 Bransford, Wm. S Nashville 28 Brooks. G. A Chattanooga 12 Brooks, J. A., & Son Memphis 1 24 Browder, C. D Sweetwater 1 9 30 Brownlee, J. W Memphis 1 26 Burge, M. W Neshoba 19 Byrd, C. L Bin^h am pton 10 Byrd, R. F Sweetwater 8 23 Carpenter, J. P., & H. F Brushcreek 9 14 Burke. Sam Sweetwater i 19 Cannon A . B Philadepliia 65 Carpenter. W. H Brushcreek 16 1 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 89 J ERSE Y— Continued . Name. Carter, W. E . Cartwright, Walter Chesnutt, J. W Court, W. H Coleman, D . E Crabtree, W. R Crittenden, B. G Cummins, L. P Davis, W. C Dixon, V Drake, J.M.P Duncan, D. W Eastern Hospital for Insane. Edgar, J. B Edwards, L. C Elder, Mose Estes, R. I Flaxner, L. H Friar, J. T Gatting, W. W Gettys, S. F Godsey, L. C Glanville, Mrs. J. T Hadorn, Fred Haeler Bros Hall, W. H., & Son Hancock, D . B Harris, M. L Hale, W. P Hawk, H.H Harrison, J. M Herbert, J. S Hickle, O.C Haynes, J. M Holmes, Ballard Hood, J. R Houston, S. C Hyatt, W.C Isabell, W.M Jenkins, J. T Johnson, C. D Johnson, J. A Jordan, A. L Knox, A. D Lanier, C. H Ledford, A. L Ledford, J. L Lee, R . M Lemonds, B. O Loveman, D. B Lynn Bros Masingill, N. H McCalman, C. E McCarter, G. W McClure, Robt McCullough, A. B Mackey, D. L Mason, J. T Meek, Jeff McPherson, R. P Mayfield, T. B., & Son Martin, Mrs. T. L Moore, A. L Moore, Jno Moore, J. D Moon, J. P Moore, E. H Morgan, J. W Moss, M Myers, W. B Nunnally, G. W Oler, J. E Owen, S. F Ownby, N. L., & Loyd Parker, O . B Perkinson, J. C Perry, W. W Address. Tennessee — continued. Smyrna .. Forest Hill - Englewood - Memphis - Smyrna - Chattanooga - Sanford - Kerrville * . - Raleigh - Memphis - Whitehaven - Tasso - Knoxville - Capleville - Memphis . Riceville - Sweetwater - Memphis - East Chattanooga - Bartlett - Sanford - Sweetwater - Neshoba - Memphis - Bartlett - Sweetwater - Chattanooga - Cleveland - Jefferson City - Memphis - Hixon - Whitehaven - Powder Springs - Murfreesboro . Whitehaven - Memphis - Forest Hill . Buntyn - Whitehaven - Nashville - East Chattanooga - Memphis - Franklin - Murfreesboro • Buntyn - Shepherd - Tasso . Smyrna - Bingham pton - Chattanooga - Buntyn . Bristol . Whitehaven . Neshoba . Whitehaven . Buntyn . Charleston . Memphis . Whitehaven do . Athens . Shepherd . Cordova . East Chattanooga . Sweetwater do . Russellville Sanford E ast Chattanooga Memphis Bartlett St. Elmo Binghampton Cleveland i Memphis ■ Sanford i Hixon Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. 19 43 3 20 9 2 1 17 2 26 6 50 13 18 11 13 14 38 48 6 20 17 5 27 I 10 16 8 17 10 4 18 1 13 io' 5 27 43 12 11 16 17 19 44 22 12 13 16 16 22 20 1 9 11 14 4 20 27 10 24 24 10 23 11 18 2 8 14 10 14 10 16 2 16 28 12 13 10 11 38 11 12 14 27 11 6 11 15 11 13 13 I 3 I, 9 11 31 11 13 I f 9 43 12 28 90 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture J ER SE Y — C ontinue d . Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Tennessee — continued. Ramsey-Gartley Hospital Memohis 15 Rhea & Lewis Hixon 13 Reagan, J.A Sweetwater A K Richey, J. R Tasso . tO K1 Richey j R. C Whitehaven 3 Oi A Robb, F. W O 7 x Roberts, W. A.. 1*3 in Robinson, D. L 5 1U g Rominger, J. N Riceville 18 Rook, C. R 23 17 3 Pulaski 36 10 12 3 41 Russon, W. A 22 Schulgen. J. A Tasso 4 11 Scott, Ralph W 23 11 14 18 12 152 East Chattanooga 3 9 13 11 Wartrace 32 10 100 16 2 16 V andergriff & Pitts. Forest Hill 17 Vamell,'.T. O Tyner 12 Vanover, R. V Sanford • 14 Walker Mrs. B. B Memohis 10 Wallace, W P Buntyn. 2 19 WaterPeld Sam Union City 41 Walker, A. F Bartlett 19 Wesson .T W^ Raleigh 10 Wiersebern An Taylor Whitehaven 2 36 Winberrv, H. E Bickford Station 12 Wilson, N. R Charleston 28 Williams G M & L E Rossville 18 Wofford, Will Shepherd 10 Zachery & Bottio Buntyn 26 TEXAS. Alderson, W. J Katy. 69 Baker, J. M Barker 27 Ballard, H. B Katy 12 Barnett, C. E Barker 29 Beckenoff, B. F Katy 15 Beesley, C. 0 Cedar Hill 9 6 Brown Brothers Cleburne 46 2 Cabiness, J. E Katy 10 Hennv, W. E do 74 Ernsts, J. A i do 10 Evans, W. B ■ do 15 Farmers’ Goopprati ve Society j do 21 FJowerdale Farm Dallas 26 Franz AM, Mrs Katy 28 Franz C D do 31 Friday M M do 23 Gol dman H do 13 Hagler c’ E do 19 Houghton G H Barker 26 Humphries F C Katv 13 Lamb H C ao 26 Lasater, EdC. . Falfurrias, Los Meadows Ranch 4 188 Do Falfurrias, No. 5 Ranch 1 38 Do Falfurrias, Cabezas Blancos Station. . . 189 1 Do Falfurrias, U na de Grata 178 96 Do Falfurrias, Riley Ranch 19 425 Do Falfurrias, Claire Salada Station 240 1 Do Falfurrias 6 2 Do Falfurrias, Laborsitias Ranch 5 187 Do Falfurrias, Alto Colorado Ranch 150 Lawlor, N. T Lone Oak 44 2 Lindley, H. L Katy 38 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 91 JERSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once out re Purebred. s tested with- actors. Grade. Texas — continued. McCord, E. L Katy 10 McDonald. N. A 31 A Maness, L.' F Katy 3c 10 Mathis, J. J 42 Mays, W. B 13 Porter, S. J 15 Rhodes, R. A 14. Smoover, J. M Katy lTfc 43 Waegoner, B. P 13 Webb. W.H 19 Wendling, John AQ Whitson, B. B UO 10 Wilkinson, F. P 19 Witt, W. C 20 Thompson, A. E 62 UTAH. Bench, Geo Price in Bounhus, W Ogden AU in Broadbank. A. P., & Bro Murray 1 U 16 Bunnel, S. E . . „ 1 9 Call, A. C. 14 91 Clinger, Martin 41 1 A Clark, J. S 3 ID O Christensen, R. N American Fork g O Dahl Bros 63 Fouiger, Herbert Ogden g Foulger Co., The 41 A Harman, C.' Salt Lake City 6 Hill, Wm North Ogden 12 Knudsen, Heber A Provo 12 Labrum, Jno. G Murray . . iq Little Valley Dairy Farm Ogden 10 13 Mann, Geo. B Woods Cross 12 Mitchell, E. H 13 Mower, C. E Ogden 14 Muttall, L. John Provo in 31sen, O.C Clearfield.. . lU in Green, J. E American Fork. . . AU 10 VERMONT. Adams, Walter Stowe 2 9 Angell, J.M Randolph Center a 39 Annis. H. S Chelsea 04 13 Ariel, W. J Montgomery Center AO 19 Ashline, W.S Randolph Center . 4 19 Austin, W. 0. & W. W 14 35 Averill, J. F. & A. M Barre 24 Bacon, Leonard Chelsea 5 19 Bacon, Richard 10 14 19 . Badger, C. A East Montpelier 11 14 27 Bailey, Jason B Montpelier 18 1 Baker, W. G Morrisville 25 A ‘ Bancroft, L.D Calais 2 D 27 Bannister, C. J Randolph Center . 93 Baraw, Charles Chelsea 10 40 A Barker, F.C Jacksonville D U Bedell, J. W., & Son Hardwick 13 Bell, W. D Westfield 1 1 Benson, Joseph Stowe AA 49 Bernier, Charles : Williamstown 35 Bickford, F.H Bradford 20 Bioknell, A. B.& J.M Tunbridge 5 24 Bigelow, E . L Stowe 2 A Bigelow, A. G Randolph Center .... 3 T | Blain,D.A Barnet 25 32 Blanchard, Mrs. G. E White River Junction 10 Bliss, S. W St. Albans. 54 Boardman, M. H Morrisville 15 34 Boyce, Othro Stowe 12 Boyd, E. W. &H. 0 East Randolph 17 Bovden, C. I Randolph Center Briggs, C. A W illiamstown 01 ] l in Brockway, D.J West Hartford 47 21 Brosseau, George Lowell in , Brown, Arronl Worcester AO 18 92 Department Circular 143, U . S. Dept, of Agriculture , JERSEY— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. verm ont — continue d . Saint Albans 29 Worcester 1 10 South Royalton 1 19 . do ” 1 6 17 Vergennes 13 Windsor 14 H Pittsford/. 4 25 Caron 6. W Barton 26 Randolph Center 10 West Hartford 17 Morrisyille 25 Clifford E G West Hartford 31 Newport Center 20 5 do 21 12 14 Middlesex 30 St. Johnsbury 18 8 White River “Junction 15 Barton 14 Enosburg Falls 21 W orcester 17 Randolph Center 24 Hartfonl 11 8 Enosburg Falls 12 22 Chelsea. 15 Greensboro 26 Dibbell W F Waterbury Center 3 17 T)nymp.r TT "FT Stowe “ 5 2 T)r>ymey AT W Montgomery 2 8 ’Downing' Frpd Washington 10 Drirk water F E Plainfield 2 20 Durkee A J Randolph Center 12 Dutton R A Orleans 22 Efl.st.Tn an A G _ North Hartland 9 11 Eastman W E Randolph Center 15 Edson A E South Royalton 20 Eldrid’ge F D East Hardwick 2 15 Emerson FA & Ron Barton 3 28 Emery Herbert E Plainfield 22 11 England H Lowell 15 English ’L W Woodstock 18 41 Ennis Mrs Fannie M Marshfield 24 Fairbanks B H West Burke 9 Fairbanks G H Enosburg Falls 14 16 Farr V olney Randolph Center 18 Fassett W G Enosburg Falls 20 15 T'erland 0 Newport Center 1 14 Fitch C W East Montpelier 3 27 Fitch’ E C East Calais 2 34 Fletcher Guy H Randolph City 15 Flanders F A Washington 17 Flint Fred Wiliiamstown 13 Forand T Westfield 12 Ford George F Randolph 23 Foster H . A Stowe 2 29 Frisbic E. F . . ............. Vergennes 22 Fullain W C Randolph Center... 17 Gadlcv B L Barnet 19 5 Gaines W U Taftsville 20 21 Gale A L Stowe 27 16 Gale George . . .do 10 35 Gale’ P R do 10 Gamey Clare W j Cabot 14 Gates (Charles W Home Farm 56 Gates L R j Taftsville 2 6 Gav Bros Co ' Cavendish 1 5 Goorce F A i Wiliiamstown 23 Gilbert W ! Morrisville 20 G oodrich A A i Hardwick i7 froorlriph A N _ . . Wiliiamstown 2 3 Grant J M Chelsea 20 Greenfield II Franklin 7 20 Gremer Bert Washington ...... 11 Hamilton W H West Hartford 16 Harris William Hyde Park....„ 2 2s Hathaway. Eliza ' Greensboro 10 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 93 JERSEY— Continued. Name. Address. ' Cattle once out re; Purebred. tested with- actors. Grade. Vermont— continued. Hawes, H. H Bar re 16 Hayward, C. L 17 Hayward' Harry 11 Bazen, Allen. 49 Hemenwav, J. F Chelsea 20 Hersey, Glenn 19 Holmes, J. C 11 Hood Farm ; Haekett, manager 23 28 Howland, J. C ! .'. 64 10 Hutchinson, E. C 35 Ingalls, William 17 Jeffords, H. M 29 Jennings, B. C 6 21 Johnson, George 15 Jones, F. F...T I 10 Jones' W. A 4 19 Judd, A. L South Strafford 24 Kennedy, F. A Windsor 95 Kingslev,' R. W 32 Kneelarid, Homer Johnson. H Ladd, M. P 30 9 Laird', J. E 21 Lamson, 0., & N. F. Wheatley Randolph Center 27 Lawrence, K. C 7 Bristol. 2 3 Le Clair, Lewis 14 Lewis, C. C 40 Lewis' R. J 1 23 Lilley, Carl D. F Plainfield 19 27 Luce, H. W. & D. F., lower farm Stowe 22 Magdon, B. F .'. do . . . 21 Magoon, E. C do 3 20 Magoon, Guy A Newport .. 4 28 Manchester, Mrs. F. D Middlebury .. 15 Marston, John W West Topsham.. 1 8 Martin, J. A Williamstown 12 Massey, Damas East Hardwick 13 Maxham, M. C Worcester 13 Maynard, Roy Enosburg Falls. . . 24 Maxham, C. J Woodstock 33 14 Menard, Joseph Chelsea 27 Merrill, W. S Hardwick 20 Merrill, Wallace R Craftsbury 20 McDonald, J. A Woodstock 13 5 McLaren, H. A Barnet 19 Miller, Charles Greensboro 35 Miller, George F Peacham 26 Miller, Henry Greensboro 40 Moon, Owen Woodstock 50 Moore, W. A Plainfield 2 25 Monteith, E. M Westfield 6 13 Morse, F. R Plainfield 18 Morse, George A Morrisville 14 Morse, S. B . Calais 13 Morse Bros 6 36 Moxley, C. H Randolph Center 19 Neil, C. A White River Junction g 36 Newell, S. D Randolph Center 18 Newton, Harry D Johnson. 24 Nichols, C. A Hardwick 29 Noyes, L. H Hyde Park 2 13 Packer, S. H Marshfield 10 Page, A. F Danville 19 Page, R. S Hyde Park 44 Palmer Roy W Middlebury .. 10 11 Parker, F. L White River Junction 7 20 Parsons, H. A Stowe 14 Patch, C. B Hartland 31 Perry, A. C ' Stov/e 17 Pettengill, Don : Lowell 11 Pierce, F. E Worcester 17 Phelps. G. W West Hartford 11 Pike, Perley A Hardwick 14 Pike, S. C M ontpelier . 8 30 Polaski, S. A Stowe . . 3 2 Poor, Fred L W illiamstown 25 Poor, Mark Stowe 32 Porter, M. A South Royalton. . . . 22 Pronto, G. H Lowell ! | 22 94 Department Circular lk3, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred. Grade. Vermont— continued. Rash, I. E 7 7 1 A. Revoir, George Orleans 39 Richardson, F. L Randolph Center. . . 41 Riford,E ! 5* i iq Riley, 'William Franklin 7 JL» Roberts, A. R West Hartford 4 01 11 Robinson, E. G Stowe 13 Robinson, I. G 2 41 Rowe, E. L 38 Ruggles Bros 25 41 Rumney, G. H 3 24 Sanborn, W. E Barre" 23 Savage, Joseph 18 Savory, L. Gf Williamstown 14 Seymour, P. F Randolph Center 14 Sinclair, W. E 29 Small, Fred M 51 Smith, E. W., & Son 54 10 Smith, H. L 3 36 Snow, E. W 36 Spaulding, D. G Taftsville g 12 Spaulding, Mary Bates Proctorsville 27 Sprague, Andrew 2 40 Sprague, H. D Pittsford 29 St. Amand, A 19 Stanhope, G. S Isle La Motte 6 14 Stafford, C. H. A 38 Stafford, Guy C do.... 12 Stetson, L. G West Hartford 3 1 St. Peter, Edward Williamstown.. 54 2 Stoddard, A. M Randolph Center. . . 14 Stoddard, M. W do.„. 28 Stone, C. C 26 Stone, E. A W illiamstown. 54 2 Story, C. J Morrisville 2 17 Sweeden, C. J. Vergennes 30 Sweet, A. P Lowell 2 6 Tacey, Charles R arre . 15 Talbot & Call Stowe. . . 3 22 Temple, A. H Montpelier 19 Terrill, G. E Morrisville 6 36 Theriault, D. V W illiamstown 26 Thompson, C. L Plainfield 37 Thresher, Ray, Chelsea 21 Tillotson, Homer Lowell 18 Towle, Harrison W Enosburg Falls 25 21 Towle, S. C 45 Trask, E. J. Randolph Center... 19 Trow, F. N Barre 3 25 University of Vermont Burlington 5 37 Vail, Solon South Royalton . . 30 Valiquet,P. W Enosburg Falls 2/6 Vanesse,Ovila Stowe 2 35 Vermont Marble Co., Wilkins Farm Proctor 1 80 Villeneuve Bros Coventry I 36 Vondle, Peter Danville 13 Walbridge, J. H., 10 Sinclair, John T Chehalis 16 S keels, H. T., Sons Addy 21 Skeels, Robert L 7 Smith, 0. D Colbert 16 Sorenson, N. C Onalaska 15 Spence, William C Cheney IQ Tanner, R. I Sumas~ 25 is* Travaille, C Walla Walla 18 Waikiki Farm Spokane 12 Washington State College Pullman 18 WEST VIRGINIA. Allen, Mrs. Ada V West xllexander, Pa 18 Anderson, B. D do 14 Argabrite, Rose Lewisburg 18 Atkins, Baines Guthrie 15 Atkinson Bros W est Alexander, Pa 6 31 Baird, W. C Elm Grove 12 Baird, J. W do 10 Bailey, J. J Huntington 16 Bates, J. L do 13 Bell, N. J Triadelphia 10 Bias, Theodore Huntington 31 Bicar, P. J do 16 Black, S. P Apple Grove. . . . . 1 53 Bland, J. E Huntington 10 Blatt, A. M . . .do 2 11 Bonar, J. P West Alexander, Pa 6 10 Botkins, W. H Charleston, R. R 16 Bowman, G. A Short Creek 22 Brooke, F. S Huntington 13 Bruner & Son, Chas W est Alexander, Pa 27 Bullard, A. H Triadelphia 1 12 Chapman, W. E Huntington 14 Childers, R. S Charleston, R. 2 12 Clendennin, V/. C West Alexander, Pa 1 24 Coffield, D. W 11 7 Connell, Norwell Charleston, R. R 9 11 Cox, H. H Hnntinvtnn 21 Criswell, W. L Fulton 16 Davis, W. E West, Alexander. Pa 21 Ditto, William 0 Falling Waters 2 4 Donnally, G. W Charleston, R. R 10 Dixon, Lee West Liberty 16 Fisher, C. B Elm Grove 11 Fisher, L. E 21 Frantz, L. W Huntington, R. R 12 Gamble, W. W Sherrard 17 Garland, Daniel R 2336 Ninth Avenue, Huntington . 18 Garrison, A . R West Alexander, Pa., R. R 13 12 Garrison, T. P 1 30 Garvin, D. M Wheeling, R. 2 . 33 Gibson, F. M Triadelphia 5 13 Giffin, W. A do. . . 2 10 Giffin, J. II do 1 11 Gould, Worth Buckhannon, R. R 11 Grishaber Bros Charleston, R. 2 . i 25 Handley, J. A Lewisburg 25 Horner, L. V Morgantown, R. 6 12 13 Hartlieb, Lewis West Alexander. Pa 31 Tuberculosis Eradication under the Accredited-Herd Plan. 97 JERSEY— Continued. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Name. Address. Purebred. Grade. WEST VIRGINIA— continued. 14 1 37 12 10 12 1 17 Keck, Clias 16 2 16 11 12 Huntington, R. 2 18 Leach, S. E 16 8 10 11 McMillan, Carl H McWoodrum, M. C 1 12 Main. W. S ! 12 Malcolm, M. K ! 17 15 17 23 Mull, J. L r. 32 Myers, C. E 20 17 15 18 5 Orr, C. P 11 Orr, J. M Triadelphia, R. 1 11 Phillips, Tracy 'Rnp'lrha.rmrm _ 4 Powell, W. E Triadelphia _ 13 Reick, Carl Wheeling, R. R 12 Riling, 0 . H Charleston, R. R 25 Rogers, Mrs. M. J West Alexander, Pa 3 16 Schentzner, August West Alexander, Pa., R. R 1 8 Scheilbelhood, B. B Huntington, R.3 7 4 Shafer, C. N Wheeling- Glenwood 3 14 Shafer, Henry Elm Grove 10 Simpson, Joseph Triadelphia 14 Simpson, S. F., & Son Wheeling, R.2 1 21 Sims, C. C Lewisburg t 17 Rims 0. T Rhrvrt Creelr _ _ . 6 3 Smith, J. E Wheeling- Glenwood 24 Sonda, Chas West. Liberty __ 4 17 Sperow, J. Holland TTedge-sville 9 6 Steenberger, P. H Point Pleasant ! 17 Stinger, J. J Short Creek 17 Straub, Geo West Alexander, Pa., R. 4 - .. 14 Stribbling, M. W Mercers Bottom 14 Sullivan, W. E Charleston, R.3 10 Supler, E. W Triadelphia, R.l 17 Taylor, H. R Huntington, R. R 10 Mineral Wells 5 2 Tuttfer & Ruch Wheeling, R.l 12 Waddell, Williams Short Creek 19 WTiite, Mrs. Mary Wheeling, R.2 13 Williams, P. B Triadelphia 12 Williams, Lester & John West Alexander, Pa., R. R 1 45 Zeidler, Henry Short Creek 19 WISCONSIN. Amberg, Jacob, & Son Hillsboro 30 Armour, W. H. & Son Mondovi 9 31 Bromley, Ed., & Sons Elkhorn 25 11 Buchanan, Hugh Viroqua 46 5 Curran, Frank P Taylor 24 16 Davidson, Jens Westby 21 Dillon, Jas., & Son Mondovi 12 24 Fawcett, Louis Stanley 20 Ferguson, L. L Grand Rapids. 10 14 Follstad, Carl Elcho 7 5 Frihart, H. C Weyauwega. ...... 17 8 Gillett, Harry T.I Ant.ign 2 8 Guen timer, Harry 17 Haeuser, Edw. A Fountain City 2 22 12650°— 20 7 98 Department Circular ik3, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. JERSEY — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested with- out reactors. Purebred, j Grade. Wisconsin— continued. Hamlyn, W 16 Holt, Henry, & Son 24 lO 14. Houser, W . L 7 xrk g Hunt, Geo i 1 7 Kelly' Arthur 22 i Knudson. Math 17 X 29 Krippener, G. M lo 3 Larigworthy, Fred F 11 4 Lamb, W. A 17 30 Lensing, August Deer brook 15 Mayher, J. A., & Son Grand Rapids 15 2 Matthys, Albert Barron 12 Matthys, Walter N 11 7 Noonan, Jas Mauston 9 20 Oertel, A. R Royalton 31 Ofstedahl, Walter Holmen 2 50 Olson, Chris. & Sons Grand Rapids 6 2 Oppedal, R. G Antigo 8 10 Pattison, Francis Durand 7 22 Rasmussen, Chas W eyauwega 8 15 Richter Bros West Bend 21 Rocheleau, W. B Grand Rapids 9 g Rockwell, F. A., & Son Mondovi 5 13 Rodgers, Wm. C Baraboo 16 g Schotte, Chas Antigo 6 21 Schroeter, Gustave Grafton 2 13 Seyforth, F. J., & Son Mondovi 27 17 Smiley, J. P Orfordville 33 Staflin, Melvin Coon Valley 46 Taylor, Mrs. S. G Mauston 20 i Wagstaff, W. J : Oshkosh 31 Do 1 24 Warmington, P. G i Honey Creek . 37 1 Wells, L. A i Mauston 19 1 Whitney, A. R Elderon 15 Wilms, W. H 1 Neenah 8 21 Total (Jersey, United States) ! 17,454 45,166 O TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION UNDER THE ACCREDITED-HERD PLAN SUPPLEMENT 2 TO HERD LIST NO. 3 LIST OF ABERDEEN ANGUS, BROWN SWISS, DEVON, DUTCH BELTED, GALLOWAY, HEREFORD, RED POLLED, AND SHORTHORN HERDS WHICH HAVE PASSED ONE OFFICIAL TUBERCULIN TEST WITH A VIEW TO BEING ACCREDITED J. A. KIERNAN, Chief UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 144 Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief Washington, D. C. Revised to June 30, 1920 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1820 C ONTROL with a view to the eventual eradication of tuberculosis in cattle is being accomplished by sys- tematic efforts of Federal and State authorities in cooperation with cattle breeders’ associations and herd owners. A plan was adopted in 1917 whereby herds of cattle passing the prescribed number of official tuberculin tests should be certified or accredited as free from tuberculosis. An accredited herd is one that has successfully passed two annual or three semiannual tuberculin tests applied by regularly employed veterinary inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry or of the State where cooperative work is conducted, and has otherwise complied with the regu- lations governing the work. The following list shows herds that have passed success- fully one test, without reactors, with a view to certification. If the status of any of the herds on this list is changed, prompt notice of the fact will be furnished to the officials of the various States. TUBERCULOSIS ERADICATION UNDER THE ACCREDITED-HERD PLAN. SUPPLEMENT 2 TO HERD LIST NO. 3. CONTENTS. Page. -Aberdeen Angus .. 3 Brown Swiss. 7' Devon 8* Dutch Belted. 8 Galloway . 8 Hereford 8 Polled Hereford 15 Red Polled 1 16 Shorthorn 19 Milking Shorthorn 48- Polled Shorthornt. 49 Note. — Eor a list of accredited herds of all breeds and of once-tested herds of breeds other than those listed here,, apply to the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. LIST OF ONCE-TESTED HERDS OF NOT LESS THAN 5 PUREBRED OR 10 GRADE CATTLE, SHOWING OWNERS, BREEDS, AND STATES IN WHICH LOCATED. ABERDEEN ANGUS. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. ARKANSAS. Trustee, A. H. Endowment Jonesboro 23 Crockett & Sons, W. L Piggott . 2 1 4 Kosky & Sons, J. P 7' JL JL - 6 Tilley, W. P Prairie Grove 11 University of Arkansas Fayetteville 3 FLORIDA. J. J. Logan;. Dinsmore 11 . 154 ILLINOIS. Barton, F. C . Cornell; 3 20 Barton, Frank D 13 : 13 INDIANA. Brown, C. S Newcastle.. - 17; Q Carpenter, 0> O 14 O : Cecil & Sons. A. S Muncie 62 1 ft Dyer, Ernest New Goshen g lo 1 Fink, Walter Mount Comfort 18 1 9 Fleming, Wm. W Remington. . 11 A 0 Forgy & Lewis .. . . Roval Center. . Grav, Edward Y Goodland ll Ora McCafferty ? A. J Miami ... . 15 U- 7 McClure Sisters Vincennes 13 IQ Miller, Mark E Peru 30 AO A Niederhaus, Fred Staser 22 4 J. Ehares, W. A Tipton 41’ in Reberger, George Brazil. 0 1U A Runyan, C. A Peru 1 A. Suhling, J. A Princeton ■ JLvt ! 0 VI 1 O Thompson, H; A Cortland 0 25 177 4 Department Circular 1U, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds, and States in which located— Continued. ABERDEEN ANGUS— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. IOWA. Dallner, F. S 19 IT Finer, A. A 1 13 Iowa State College Ames " 19 Miles, Sayer J Newton 47 Sunderman , Alvin Clarinda 16 Tudor, J. M. & Son H White, J. C. Bros 7 3 KANSAS. Bushong, G. A 34 24 Dietrich, Geo. A 26 2 Klein , J . J Reece 20 3 McAdams, G. M 18 5 Roach, J. N 11 Wingert, Samuel H 18 Wilcox Estate, A. D 94 16 KENTUCKY. Allen , Harvey J 33 2 Barrett, 0. F“ 15 19 Burdette, S. N 18 4 Carson, E. V 8 3 Flarity. M. I 32 11 Marvin, C. E 20 5 LOUISIANA. Natalhany Lumber Co Natalbany . . 229 MAINE. Allen. E. L Bangor, R. 8 8 MASSACHUSETTS. Burnham, F. W Greenfield . - 24 MINNESOTA. Abraham son , P Lanesboro 58 2 Benesh, Frank Glenville, R. 4 9 Bolstad, Henry Dawson 13 Bolstad, Joseph 3 2 Bone, T. A Beardsley 30 2 Boyce, W. I Fairmont 3 26 Chamberlain Bros Hastings 12 20 Chamberlain , E . H do Greenwalt, James Withrow 7 9 Gustafson , Adolnh Solway 21 Hansen , James F Canby 35 3 Lind, Albert F Bertha 21 2 Milne, Geo. H. & Son Preston 31 67 Ostrem Bros Lanesboro, R. 1 6 25 Petts, John S Truman, R. 2 12 7 Skotterud, Peter 0 Dawson 15 9 Taylor, T. A Dundas 19 7 Ulvestad, Peter J WTiaJan 30 8 Zimmerman , J. W Racine _ 2 18 MISSISSIPPI. Aldrich, J. M. & Son Michigan Citv 81 49 Dockerv, C. P Hernando, R. 1 . . . 26 62 Miers, W. M Grenada ... - 3 24 Tippah Farms Cotton Plant 77 4 MISSOURI. Coffman, Pleas Savannah 12 16 Dickinson, M. U. & Son Carrollton 78 2 Eubank, J. R Huntsville _ _ 3 12 Great Western Land Co Poplar Bluff 33 3 Holt, W. A Savannah . . . 49 2 Jones, J. M Everton 35 10 Kinder, J. G Cuba 29 6 Miller, Wash Oak Ridge 18 8 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 5 List of once-testcd herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , bretds, and States in which located — Continued. ABERDEEN ANGIS — Continued. Name. • Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Montgomery, C. L Missouri— continued. Smithton . . . 33 18 4 14 14 7 7 9 73 5 Nease, M. L Patton, George R Marshfield Huntsville.. 20 3 1 . 22 .! 17 28 33 49 5 24 15 31 14 21 7 14 Ponder, Chas. A Biehle Standley, S. P N orb or ne Turner, J. S Fairfax Youel, J. N. M Tarkio . . . Sun River Stock and Land Co MONTANA. Helena •. Varco & Hart Sidney Weeks, W. F NEBRASKA. I Palmer . . University of Nevada, Animal Husbandry Department NEVADA. J Reno Eckhardt, C. W NEW YORK. 3 3 17 2 2 7 10 1 30 17 9 Armstrong, C. B NORTH CAROLINA. Gastonia French, A. L. , & Son Draper Johnson, Rufus Char loti e Klutz, Geo. Y Rockwell Love, J. J Newton . . Morrison , J. G Stanley . Ramseur, W. D Bessemer City- Sanford & Rich Mocksville. . ... . • 4 Weaver, W. T Asheville Aaker, C. E NORTH DAKOTA. Hatton 1 16 19 1 14 10 26 81 7 21 65 15 1 8 10 11 12 8 1 3 7 6 9 27 30 32 104 4 19 28 Acton, Wilber C Arvilla Berg & Haagensen Cummings Bye, Casper Crary 11 Divon, H. W Tioga Dodson, W. R Grand Forks Finch, Charlie La Moure Hartley Stock Farm Page 14 6 11 2 10 20 Hofstrand, Martin Brinsmade Hogensen, Dr Hillsboro Johnson, Livv Cogswell. . . Johnson & Teal Oakes. Montgomery, T. C Harvev Mullen , M. J For tun a Neverman, Carl La Moure 5 Orgard, John Yucca Perry, Clinton M Nome 23 4 25 13 9 14 12 2 10 5 16 3 6 2 Peterson, Nels Hankinson Pulley, Jesse Flasher Rommie, John Bowbells Stack, Henry Hankinson Sterner, M. W Walcott . Wolf Bros Colfax . Barnett, John C OHIO. Urbana Brown, H. M Hillsboro Ferguson, Walter Xenia Jones & Son, A. W Larue Rohrer, Harvey K . North Lima Sanders & Son, E. E Leesburg Satterfield, W. C West Union 6 Department Circular 1H, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not Less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. ABERDEEN ANGUS — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. OKLAHOMA. A. & M. College Stillwater 13 7 68 «• Blandford, H. E 45 31 PENNSYLVANIA. Hyde, T. E 14r SOUTH CAROLINA. Bates, W. W 6 Calvert, W. A 15- Taylor, I. B G 10 SOUTH DAKOTA. Cassels, H. W 23 Soladay, Annie L 4 18 TENNESSEE. Alexander, X. E Lenoir City 18- 15 Bowman, Jno. F Cleveland 46 10 Brewer & Bradley Sweetwater 2 26 Clark, Howard Morristown 16 2 Drake, G. W Orlinda 16 • 6 Hampton, E • L Nashville 24 5 Huggins, Dr. J. I Dandridge 43 14 Lea, Col. Luke Nashville 34 1 Miller, Dr. W. R : Brownsville 20 Noe, W. R . Morristown 24- 4r Ridley, W. P. Columbia-. . . . 7 7 - Sams, J. W White Pine . . ■ g 9- Shaw, J. W Edgoten, Ky . 13 22 Sutherland, R. W. &.J. E Mountain City 43 in Todd, A. L Murfreesboro. 37 7 Trobauch & Hopper Tate. 15 2 VIRGINIA. Bell, J. R. K Pulaski 36 Clark Bros. Lodi . . 8- 12 Crockett, J; N W y theville . . 13 4 Luttrell, H. M Delaplane 14 8- Moore, W. B W ytheville 11 Ruffi, S. T Tliaxton . . 9 13 W arden, Henry Fredericksburg . 40 WEST VIRGINIA. Handley, T. A Lewisburg. 19 Hoffman, Dr. M. G Bunker Hill 26 Karickhoff, Jas. L B uckhannon - 1 14 WISCONSIN. Ganz, E. F., & Son Alma. 36 3 Gelbach, W. L., & Son Lancaster 48 L. Larson, J. T Ellsworth 13 1 Roser, L. CL Barabod 4-j 6 Total, (Aberdeen Angus, United States) A 3,259 ! 2,007' Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 7 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 ‘purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in wh,ch located — Continued. BROWN SWISS. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. | Grade. ILLINOIS. Bachman, A. D 3 2 Bennehoff, Claire R 3 16 Burrows, Chas 6 1 Eigsti, Jacob Faust, Emil Cullom 11 1 Gerber, Peter. 9 3 Heiser, R. A 2 Merchanthaler, Joseph 6 Montgomery, A T 13 4 Moore, Jesse C 17 Moser, S 12 4 Naffziger, Oscar 4 4 Naffziger, W. E 4 4 Plattner, David 12 Sauder, Wm 6 1 Schoenbein, E i 4 1 Schrock, Edward (} Wagner, D. A BrimfLeld 9 ■IOWA. Doran, E. D 36 4 Funnemark, Olaf 1 13 Hefty, S. B., & Son 32 11 Willman, A. W., & Son 34 3 KANSAS. Snow, Edwin P St. Paul .... 11 MICHIGAN. English, A. G New Troy 7 8 Krauss, Erwin H Sebewaimg-. . . . 10 - MINNESOTA. Brunold, John. Rochester-. 23 17 Buol, Peter Wabasha..., 9 11 Lang, Fred St. Peter 1 21 Matthews, August Glencoe . 16 Matthews, Henry 17 Minette, F. P., & Son Sauk Center. . . 29 Neusch wander, C. F., & Son Redwood Falls. . 14 Neuschwander, Chas 25 NOETH DAKOTA. Estensen, J. C Hickson 23; V OHIO. Hull Bros Painesville . 49 VEEMONT. Morrison, F. W Saxtons River 34 G WASHINGTON. Phelps, 0. 0 Dryad: 5 WISCONSIN. Aitken, R. H Westhoro 0 13 Ayers, H. W Honey Creek 30 Boody, A. C Hudson. 28 Burrow, C. W Beloit . . 5 1 g Cooper, John Clinton- 38 1 2 Ehrlinger, Wm Hanover. . 8 15 Elmer Bros. . . Monroe 26 4 Fraser, David Honey Creek. . . 15 Hibbard & Stoneman Syene 16 14 Salisbury, Mrs. E. L Minong 21 Schmid, N. C Monroe 28 14 Skinner, B. E Beloit . 21 l Total (Brown Swiss, United States Lj 673 301 8 Department Circular lbk, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. DEVON. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Case, J. A MISSOURI. Concordia 50 32 Marshall, E. H NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hanover Dodge, H. J VERMONT. East Burke 25 Total (Devon. United Stales'). 82 25 I DUTCH BELTED. Waldrip, W. G.. . ARKANSAS. 11 14 175 Dupuis, Dr. J. G Lemon City Lebanon . . . FLORIDA. Sanford, W. J INDIANA. 9 Kirby, E. J Covert MICHIGAN. 15 4 Miller Bros Bliss. .. OKLAHOMA. 13 . Total (Dutch Belted. United States'). 48 268 i GALLOWAY. Hill. J. M KANSAS. Sedgwick 19 Reilly, John Emmett 61 7 Greene. E. E NORTH DAKOTA. Fullerton 20 6 Skeels, L Regan 10 59 Trygg Bros.. Baldwin 10 Cassels, H. W SOUTH DAKOTA. Groton 56 Collier, W. W Andover 3 15 Total (Galloway, United States') 123 143 HEREFORD. Allen, B. M ALABAMA. Allenville 50 288 Cotton, F. W Guerrylon 50 Fletcher, Mrs. John Opelika 1 34 Gammasre, C. M. . Eufaula 7 12 Legg, Henderson Athens 5 5 Magnolia Farms Muscogee, Fla 2 101 Swallows, W. C G allion 24 4 Trustee, A. 11. Endowment ARKANSAS. Jonesboro 21 Blaeksliare, C. E Piggott 5 Crossett Cattle Co Crossett 29 Rose. R. C Osceola 15 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 9 List oj once-tested herds of not less them 5 purebred or 10 graae cuttle, showing owners breeds, a?id States in which located— Continued. HEREFORD — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- ! „ . bred. 1 Grade - Barnes & Rice GEORGIA. Dublin.. 32 20 66 28 82 15 32 34 24 42 13 17 31 20 3 10 8 4 11 35 5 11 1 *1 Florence, W. L Morgan, T. W Morgan ville State College of Agriculture Athens Blanchard, Walter IDAHO Buhl . 7 5 Hares, G. C Churchill Paree, Frank Rupert Anderson, A. A ILLINOIS. 6 4 5 2 6 5 2 9 1 4 3 8 3 Anderson & Frazier Waterman Bane, Louis Barclay, T. Dean . . . Macomb .... Davies, Evan Sheffield. . . Dixson, Joseph Stronghurst Heeg, H. J Hinckley Hurdle, J. F Isley, R. A Wheeler Johnson, T. R Stronghurst. . Louden, J. W Reedy, W. J Stronghurst Witt, Fred Leland . . Addington, Geo. E INDIANA. Ridgeville ... Allen, H. H Carmen & Son, Ben Ladoga Coffman, Frances M Columbus A A Fox, Frank P Oaklandon U 1 204 7 121 22 5 18 78 9 12 82 29 23 16 106 16 35 40 21 45 11 14 15 29 67 1 18 1U 44 1 3 7 5 9 27 4 2 23 3 4 2 14 5 8 9 3 2 Gudgel, L. W Oakland City . Hageman, Fred 0 Mount Vernon. . Harper, Carey & Eva Lizton Hollowell, Birch Ridgeville Modlin & Son, W. 0 Upland Priddy & Son, J. L Warren Rayburn, John Muncie Tuhcy, Earl Van Natta, J. W La Fayette . Van Voorst, Gilbert Chalmers Voliva Bros Bloomington. Volker, J. W Somerville V ilkey & Co., Wm. A Sullivan Williams, A. R Yeager & Montgomery Winchester Owens ville Adams, John D IOWA. Wellman.. Brown. A. F Jefferson. . Clayton & Burley . . . .' Clarinda .... Dellinger, John Rockwell City Iowa State College Ames Netolicky, Anton Mount Vernon Olsen, P. M Newhall 2 6 4 34 3 35 7 14 4 17 2 633 4 260 Olson, John P Rathje, Mrs. Anne, Atkins . Reber, Noah Wellman Rouse, M. T Thompson Shettler, Henry J Wellman . . . 14 Wertz, C. A Wellman, R. 3. . ! Bingham, George KANSAS. Bradford 109 42 16 69 30 644 Blythe, J. L Brotherson, M. C White City Lindsborg Black & Hurlburt Lakeland .... Eaton, Sam McPherson Greenleaf, J. W 1 Greensburg 12651°— 20 2 10 Department Circular iH, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. K ans as — c on cinued . George, Frank Olivet 17 6 George, Russell 12 11 Hanna, Ray E 40 2 Jones, E. S' 83 2 Johnson, V. O 04 25 Lillian, Eh E Hartford 55 1 Lawrence, F. A 5 2 Mueller, W. C 38 104 Moehle, J. W 9 4 Rosander, C. G 38 24 Sellberg, Edwin J 33 11 Skeen, J. A 33 7 Schmidt, J. F 7 60 Shobe, Ralph R 7 6 Woolf, H. M 42 4 Williams, B. K 23 78 KENTUCKY. Alexander, L. P Wheatle v 19 Ashbrook, W. A 0 19 Brown, J. V 14 29 Cecil, C. W 16 16 29 13 Corbin Bros 13 3 Doolan, Esten Finchville 18 4 Doolan, Ernest do 15 3 Drane, H. H Eminence 14 4 Frank, Ben T Paducah . - 23 5 Gaines, P. B Carrollton 21 1 George, J. E Princeton £ Gibson, J. E Somerset- 28 14 Giitner Bros Eminence 123 14 Gohlson, R.L Kevil 6 22 Gottbrath, Frank Westport- 18 6 Graddy.W. Henry Versailles 42 39 Graves Bros Morganfield 8 8 Hanger, H. B., jr Richmond 9 2 Henshaw, Marsh Henshaw 43 10 Holt, B. B. & Ed Central City 10 28 Hoover, Will Nicholas ville . 55 7 Jacobs, H. J Princeton 11 Jacobs, J. W 13 Knox, Dr. A. T Thomson 35 5 Lile Bros Leitchfield - 53 4 McCabe, Eugene 10 McConnell. P. H Princeton 6 5 Quarrels, A. R Hopkinsville 7 4 Railey, L. A Versailles 33 13 Ramsey, J. K Madisonville 8 12 Satterfield, F. T. ,Herd No. 1 Twin Springs. . . 80 H Satterfield, F. T., Herd No. 2 2 28 Smith, R. M La Grange . . . 12 0 Sputh, Phelps & Jackson Eminence 56 14 Taylor, Col. E. H., jr., Hereford Farm. . . Versailles 309 78 Williams, J. C Madisonville 12 6 MAINE. Adams, Stephen J Cornish 14 Bearce, H. W Hebron 14 1 Cleveland, E. L., Co Houlton 29 18 Durgin, ^.F... West Buxton 7 7 Fisher, Harry N Sabattus 8 6 French, C. A Temple 7 3 Gilpatrick, Fred T Cornish 2 8 Higgins, Wellington S Monmouth 7 Jones, Ellston A Sabattus 8 1 Moore, Ira H Newfield 11 1 Norton, R. F Kezar Falls 4 o Norton, Rupert S do 14 Pingrce, Pcrley L Denmark 6 i& Richardson, L. F N or way ... u Stuart, Cecil T Cornish 9 a Thornes, Robert S Cumberland Center 23 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List 11 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners! breeds, and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Coffman, John D MARYLAND. 7 10 47 8 10 24, 60 4 9 101 2 2 16 39 2 9 31 18 13 10 1 25 8 4 21 10 11 17 5 6 3 15 2 3 6 Funkhouser, J. Albert Clear Spring Crane, Z. Marshall MASSACHUSETTS. Windsor Anderson, Victor MINNESOTA. Archer, C. H., & Son Bandas, Martin Bangasser, F Barber, A. E Granite Falls Brown' C. E 32 14 Buck, A. E Bullert, Chas Butman, Roy E 15 1 42 5 156 32 10 35 9 93 9 36 27 27 Buttolph, Rov Cusick & Randall Ericson, Clem Ferguson Bros Franklin, Floyd Blue Earth Grange, W. H., & Son Warren Halland Bros Hansen, Jas Russell Healy, 0. W., & Son Mapleton Keinen, Jos Madison Kjos, T . E Rushford Kuhn, J. F Luverne Lamp, G. B., & Son Mapleton . Laurent, H. Omer Red Lake Falls Lingle, Jas Morgan 12 5 28 50 1 6 15, Mahoney, L. A Stewart ville Meyer, Andrew, & Son Fergus Falls Nash, C. D Tracv ... . Olson, Ale & Tolif Balaton. . . 19 15 20 8 17 8 7 17 7 9 3 9 20 9 4 Potter, A. A Windom Priebe, John Tyler Quiring, J. J Mountain Lake Sage, Homer Truman . Stevens, D. G Edgerton 44 16 15 14 27 13 22 11 56 7 56 23 54 29 33 9 120 8 9 19 14 8 31 12 7 , 8 12 Tegel Bros Marshall Tew, E. 0 Rushford Tweeten, R. H Caledonia Whingelby, Peter Marchfield Wiener J. H Hatfield Wood, W. H Stewartville Zachte, Henry G Lambert on Ziegler, Geo. F Holland Ziegler, O. H. & E. R. . . . Brookpark Zupp & Webber Blue Earth Alexander, C. B. . . MISSISSIPPI. West Beltzhoover, Estate of M. S. Natchez Buford, M. A Independence 29 9 16 41 8 1 Davis, V. T Jackson Dawson, William.. Abbott . . Enochs & Wortman Jackson . . Holcombe, Bonnus. Abbott Lee, J. L Col 1 ins * Martin, W. F... Grenada McBeath, J. M. . . Meridian 4 Poplar Grove Stock Farm . . Natchez Wilkins, W. P... Holcombe Adkison, A. D Adkison, E. W Alsup A t MISSOURI. Tebbetts 4 do Baker, H. V... Pearl Portland 1 6 12 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , List of once-tested, herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. missourt— continued. Bayless, T. M., & Son Cassville 9 4 Black, Samuel 13 g Bonne Terre C'attie Co 116 4 Brown, Dr. It. A . . 46 4 Buchheit, B. A Biehle g g Bullington, Jacob L Oak Hill.. 8 18 Cashion, P. A Farmington . 12 11 Cave, H. S Wain wright... 1 17 Cissell, L. V Perryville . . H 1 Collier, J. E Owensville. . 21 24 Cotton, Robert H Smithton 7 14 Cox, H. C Monet t 31 H Davis, John New Cambria. 23 2 Eubank, P. B Huntsville . . . 43 g Faherty, L. P Perryville 40 Farmer, J. R Tebbetts 16 2 Farmer’ S. A u & Son Pearl 99 8 Fornard, F. I? Huntsville 19 4 Freeman, Dr. and Mrs. L. D Purdy 30 3 Gulick, J. F Jasper 83 14 Hall, E. F Tebbetts 16 4 Hall, W. H Greenfield 12 g Hall, L. V Tebbetts 16 2 Harter, H. J W eingarten 33 3 Hayward, Henry & H. H Dadeville 8 2 Henry, Hr. S. D Excelsior Springs 1 42 Hoppers, George M Urbana 21 6 Hudson, Al, & Son Fairview 11 5 Hughes, J. L Bolivar 45 3 Jones, Guy . . . . Bigelow 65 7 Kennel, J. F Reeds 40 4 Kirby, B. B Dadeville 4 36 Kirby, W. P i Huntsville 15 3 Kirksey, J. F., & Son Larussell 22 22 Kurre, H. M Millersville 11 8 Lee, Phil Grandview 171 14 Luckhardt, L. H., & Son Tarkio 63 9 McMurry, Miss Alta Dadeville 29 2 Manning, C. A. & J. F Cairo 25 15 Martin, W. W Doniphan 21 4 Metcalf, Frank S tockton 22 12 Pickering Farm Belton 888 3 Pinet, L Tebbetts 31 5 Rees, John New Cambria 50 2 Simpson, James A Oak Hill 28 9 Tschudy, J. H Kansas City 56 3 Urban, W. E Perryville 48 12 Vessells, Dr. F. M do 17 16 Vessells, J. J do 32 5 Vickers, C. A Lebanon 43 3 Viles, C. W Bolivar 34 Webber, 0. H., & Co. . Yarrow 45 32 Wehrman, Louis Hawk Point 84 3 Weimer, C. C., & Son Farmington 36 5 Wilson, Dr. A E Brighton 16 3 Yarnall, T. B., A Son Cassville 40 12 MONTANA. Cook, A. B Townsend 262 116 Haley, C. W.. . Terry 37 6 Hastings & Hoover Philipsburg 87 147 Hunter, Dwight L Dooley. . . . 19 5 Lamb, H. A Helena 32 5 McGlynn, A. J Kalispell 39 2 McVay, A. B Great Falls 52 14 Millard, C. J Westmore 35 1 Miles, J D Wilsall 76 64 Velie, W. L High wood ' ... 17 Waldron Clement L Carlyle . 32 Wilcomb & Moe Twin Bridges 9 62 Supplement 2 to Aceredited-Herd List, 13 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD— Continued. Cattle once tested without reactors. Name. Address. Pure- bred. Grade. NEBRASKA Cather, F. W Darwin, H. E Gergen, N Kort, Chas McConnell, D. E. Mendenhall, T. E Mercer, B. F Ralston, C. A Satterfield, F. R.. Taylor, F. J Cazier, John H., & Sons DeBernardi, R Springmeyer, H. H., Land & Livestock Co. University of Nevada, Animal Husbandry Department. Bladen Virginia... Geneva . . . Blue Hill.. Holbrook . . Fairbury.. Ainsworth . Johnstown Taylor Harmony . 15 23 22 24 48 44 70 87 171 41 NEVADA. Wells Reno, box 8033. Minden 362 11 Reno, 32 5 6 8 12 23 5 12 23 2 38 McClure, J. G Moore Stock Farm Newell, W. B Sanford & Rich Young, Jno. A., & Sons NORTH CAROLINA. Fairview.. . New Bern.. Newell Mocksville. Greensboro. 7 1 13 15 Adams, Charles Affelett, Julius Anderson, Nels Bailey, R. J Brown, Aug Brown, John C Bruns void, A. N . . Christianson, Nils . Cook, W. M Dahl Bros Dobias, Joseph Ellingson, G. E Fisher, Paddy Flisram, Lawrence . Foseide, M. J Foseide, Ole Gunkel,Carl Haas, W. H Hartman, Henry J . Healy, Wm Hegriev,T. G House; H. W Jorgenson, Hans K Jorstad, T. T Kenmire, J. W. A . Lagerberg, Nels.... LaPort Cattle Co. . Lemieux, Peter Lippert, F. C Livingston, Gerald. McCullough, W. J. Miller, R Miller, S. N Mills, Geo. W Mills, J. G., & Sons Mills, Milton E Monroe & Bigham. . Nehring, A. E Nelson, Nels Oakley, F. B ! Olson, C. J Olson, Ed. W Palm, John Payseno, Geo Killdeer... Hamberg.. Marion Wishek Sheldon Forbes Edinburg. . Rolette Bowdon..., Grafton Cartwright. Maddock... Bantry Hankinson. Edinburg. . Milton Belfield Forbes Hamar Glenburn . . McCluskv.. Solen Flasher Harvey Emerado... McGregor. . Newburg... Rolette Sarles Bowman... Greene Bismarck . . Benedict... Hannaford. do do Haynes Wiiliston... Amenia Edgeley.... Michigan... Rolette Cummings. Denhoff NORTH DAKOTA. 58 8 1 5 1 15 16 8 7 19 5 23 8 39 30 10 6 5 19 1 42 59 17 28 7 6 10 11 17 30 19 1 13 15 15 17 13 5 41 26 8 18 10 22 10 ii 8 5 5 13 6 12 1 11 18 14 Department Circular lkk, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Peterson, M. P north Dakota — continued. Hettinger 7 3 Peterson' 0. P Grace City 30 15 Prince, Henry Columbus 12 Puppe, Fred Hensel 5 8 Radabaugh, C. H Grandin 1 14 Rayl, John P Oakes 16 6 Redhn, 0. C Crosby 28 34 Royl and Patterson Oakes 26 Rutherford, J. H Grafton 6 6 Sehroeder, C. J McGregoT 19 Seim, Krist E dinburg . . . 10 Spitzer.S. H ... . EdgeleyT. 61 171 Stone, t. E., & Sons Powers' Lake 39 7 Sutherland, W Bordulac. 17 j 1 Thoburn, W. A Wyndmere 24 5 Tiegan, O Brocket 11 Titus Bagley Medora 45 Tofsrud, 0. T Rugby 5 ' 9 Twetteri, Arthur Rolette 19 Walla, Jens G Arnegard 10 8 Wheeler, D. U Soleri. 48 Wells, Alson Jamestown 10 Wichmann, F. A Leonard 14 2 Wieg, A. C Sheldon 3 41 Willows, Geo Edmunds 3 32 Wilson, M. A Earl.... 42 1 Wing, 0. B Wilton 53 88 Grinnell, Morton OHIO. Yellow Springs 30 4 Lyons, H. S Chandlersville 4 10 Spragg, Delbert F Adena 10 2 Titus, George V Middleport 15 A. & M. College ; OKLAHOMA. Stillwater 31 Henderson, A, J Cherokee 23 i 10 Leahy, W. T., & Son Pawhuska 30 4 Emery, William P OREGON. Macleay 33 Boykin, B. H., jr SOUTH CAROLINA. B oykin 34 Britt, J. E McCormick 30 Cade, G. W Bordeaux 5 57 Copeland, J. M Renno 3 17 Kennedy, J. L Troy 8 50 Rush, F. P Bradley 1 25 Stockman, J. P Greenwood 15 8 Green wald, B. T •SOUTH DAKOTA. Edson 29 ; Henricks, Geo Watertown 30 Jellesma, Chas Athboy 17 Mason, Geo. W . White Lake 118 8 McCarty, Albert De Smet 25 A dams, J ames . TENNESSEE. Chattanooga 12 Blake, Rodncv. . . Cumberland Citv 14 6 Bradford, W. I., & Son Humboldt 16 : 16 Brittain, J. W Smyrna 24 2 Cayce, H. F . . . . Columbia 25 3 Harris, Mrs. T. W Cumberland Furnace 15 Hopper, W. D Rutherford 33 1 McClanahan, V. A . . . . Hampshire 42 Meacham. J. II Franklin 23 6 Thatch, T. E Harrison 14 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 15 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 ■purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. HEREFORD — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. TEXAS. Colbert, R. C., & Son Stamford 169 28 Ikard, W. S Henrietta g Kothman, E. 0 Mason 61 UTAH. Livingston Stock Farm Company Farmington 35 3 Nelson, Jos. A Ephraim 10 Olsen. Jas 55 11 VERMONT. Putnam, E. E •»e Webb, J. Watson.. Shelburne... 30 lo 90 White, E. H East Corinth 20 2 VIRGINIA. Allen, W. P Gibson Station g c Barclay, R. C Warrenton 16 22 Bryant, I. B Independence . 54 Cameron Bros Gordonsville . 17 Gilly, James E 0 linger 26 la c Lunsford, J., & Sons Monterey jl o 9 Mitchell, W.H Rve Cove 40 Musick, J. T Pennington Gap, R. 5 5 A Reasor, J. J 0 linger. . Oa Q O Russell, J. H Pennington Gap o la A Witt, C. E -LU 13 W~oodard, J. 0 Jonesville... Q C WASHINGTON. o O Monnett, A. A Dayton 11 WEST VIRGINIA. Brand, W. E Morgantown . . . 1 1 Q Chambers, C. B Ravenswood . . . . 11 A O Q Core, Charles E Cassville t> o o 7 Irons, C. F Pickaway 4 i 91 Nixon, R. S Shinn ston 9 A *1 1 A Poling, A Buekhannon dml\J A. li on Smith, C. A Chester ‘A OQ ZU Wright, James E Burlington od 13 1 6 WISCONSIN/. Foster, G. A Fairchild 97 Hyde, S. Y La Crosse. 1 O n Melville, Frank Chippewa Falls iy 1 G 1 U o Total, Hereford, United States iy 12,958 6 6,029 POLLED HEREFORD. ILLINOIS. Adair, Henry Stronghurst . QA Bruninga, M. H Macomb . . yo 1 9 Cutler, P. W Carthage . . Fort Bros 7o A Johnson, Frank J j Stronghurst O Mover, E. W Earlville.. Naffziger, H. P 1 Walnut . . ia Negley, A. L Stronghurst DO 1 A Nelson, Anton 7 Oakford, E. E Walnut . . . i on Rudiger, Chas. H Spring Valley OU Q Park Roy Media. . . y 99 Porter, Geo Bushnell . . oa A Penny, P. B Lomax U Schweirer, Lewis Blandinsville . io 9 Walton, Ed Bowen . £t cn Y aley, A. C Media OU 60 16 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. POLLED HEREFORD— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. INDIANA. . 85 6 IOWA. Appenzeller, Frank... Bouton 10 4 Galbraith, Robert i What Cheer 46 2 Johnson, Oscar W Man son 20 3 Kirstein, F. L i Clarion 13 Meyer, August West Liberty 31 5 Meyer, Emil Lone Tree 26 3 Roth & Dodson Ocheyedan 58 6 Schnoor, Henry Perry 52 4 Schooley, H. L West Liberty 13 4 Stafford, James do 15 4 Stewart, J. E Grinnell 53 5 Wiese, John D Manson 10 10 Fields, R. M., & Clore MISSOURI, Lees Summit 37 5 Hill, J. R Nor borne 16 5 Hoffman, J. F NEBRASKA. Dorchester 19 9' Welty, J. S., & Son Gresham 16 1 Eddy, D. O SOUTH DAKOTA. Wessington Springs 46 5 Total (Polled Hereford, United 1,116 194 States). RED POLLED. Bellamy Edward C ARKANSAS. Mammoth Springs 15 Kizer John R Pocahontas 22 Pace Turpentine Co FLORIDA. Jay 35 Beeman F A & W H IDAHO. New Plymouth 12 Ewing it E Emmett 8 10 IHer Alfred St. Maries 29 Bennett Roy E ILLINOIS. Chatsworth 16 4 Larabee J IV Earlville 66 Miller Otto C Loami 9 1 Pope Hugh K Yorkville 17 II aunt z Frank C INDIANA. Moores Hill 14 Pritchard Lewis do 18 Whiteford Clarence do 12 Clouse & Angell IOWA. Manson 58 JIawk, A. A. Mabel, Minn 27 1 Foster G E KANSAS. Eldorado 28 Haag, ’A. H Holton 19 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 17 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. RED POLLED— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Kennedy, W. L KENTUCKY. Lola 13 8 6 18 2 4 2 18 9 2 5 8 5 11 13 8 1 13 13 7 Kimbro, T 1 . J Anderson, Jens MINNESOTA. Aultfather, D. C Christensen, W Daschner, Oeo Ellis, James Gillingham, Fred Haugen, Knute Haugen, Oscar St. Hilaire. Hoehn, Frank 3 49 Johansen, Jorgen, & Son Tyler Johnson, August Thief River Falls 13 10 10 15 19 33 30 14 7 2 5 Larson, L. D Clearbrook Lindbe'rg, \ ictor & Anton Maakned, John 1 Monson, Andrew Nelson, R. F 13 11 1 8 10 3 6 Novak, W Rybak & Rech New Prague Stenehjem, J. S Spring Grove . Tallerday, W. L Remer . Shakelford, J. W MISSISSIPPI. Myrtle Speed, J. D Collins Alford, A. M MISSOURI. Fulton Marshfield Andrew, James 19 3 8 7 3 Brownlee, R. C Holden 31 41 7 38 18 8 33 50 29 22 5 35 Morse Stock Farm * Neosho Murta, P. J Cuba Preston, D. C Sevmonr • Preston, J. C Simpson, O. F Hamilton 7 Zaehman, Mrs. Stella D Oregon Anderson, Adolph NEBRASKA. Davenport Bradshaw ; . . Harvard Brabham, J. H : Brehm, C. W 4 4 Brondel, Theo Bradshaw Buschow, F. C., & Sons Blue Hill Bladen Cather, G. P 13 Christiansen, L. M Plain view Holbrook 91 15 31 27 24 Davis, Frank, & Sons Davis, J. P Geneva GrafT, R. V Bancroft Larson, Paul C., & Son Simonson, A. P Wolbach Verona 2 10 2 2 16 10 17 41 37 in Slayton, L. W Salem 13 22 7 3 Walker, Robert Clay Center Watson, L. & F Ord Yost, W.J Harvard Zimmerman, J. G De Witt Reynolds Lybrook Farms Co., Arston Farm. Reynolds Lybrook Farms Co., Brenmoda Farm. Yarbrough, W. H NORTH CAROLINA. Winston-Salem do 1 12651°— 20 3 18 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. RED POLLED — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. sir NORTH DAKOTA. Agre, H. 0 13 Bant el, W. W 11 i 17 Bixby, J . S ' 114 1 Borseth, 0. J Enloe 6 11 Brastrup, Geo. E 3 10 3 19 Erie 38 2 Cavett, Chas Enderlin 33 1 5 15 17 Ford & Son 6 20 Gallagher, Mike Agate 19 Gibson, Nat 13 Greger/Carl 11 Hendrickson, T. A 14 Holler, John. 15 i Johnson, David R 13 Johnson, Edward St. John 5 19 Johnson, John K 9 1 17 McMillan, T. E 1 15 16 1 Reise, Herman 10 Schafer, George McClusky 4 11 Solberg, Owen Agate 19 Stary, John V Conway 8 17 Steinolfson, T. H Mountain . . . 12 Swanson, D. W New Rockford. 1 13 Tucker, H. N Courtenay 36 2 Walstad, T. L Milton 12 OHIO. Etzler, Christ Convoy 31 Evans & Son, R. 0 Venedocia 9 3 James, Henderson Barnes ville. 26 Kroft, E. M Mt. Perry 12 • PENNSYLVANIA. Dickson, J. C., & Sons J Cochranton, R. 4 24 SOUTH CAROLINA. Brooks, E. L Dyson 13 14 Davies, T. W Augusta, Ga., R. 3 14 Dyches, H. P Aiken 26 ~Snmmera.il, F do 14 SOUTH DAKOTA. Brewer, W. E Zell 24 Hublou, E. J Milbank 6 Kloster, Lars L Clark 11 3 Peter, Walter P Rockham 2 13 Walters, W. F Watertown 8 14 VIRGINIA. Nicoll, Henrv Pennington Gap 34 Rutherfoord, J. T Rock Castle 13 WISCONSIN. Gorman, C., Farm No.l ViroQ.ua 3 29 Gorman, C., Farm No. 2 do 13 Kimball, Nat B lack River Falls 12 16 Salter, J. W., & Son Unity 41 Thompson, L. M ViroQua 11 2 Total (Red Polled, United States). 1,651 1,115 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 19 List of once-tested herds of net less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Cope, E. H ALABAMA. 26 Houston, W. G., & Lanort, G. A Tuscumbia, R! 1 20 48 Solomon & Oates Trustee, A. H. Endowment ARKANSAS. Jonesboro 21 23 6 14 8 8 14 24 15 27 12 6 Bleakley, F. L Bogart, R. D 4 5 Counts, G. D Cosby & Son, W. C Crowder, Culver * * Eldridge, Jno. D 11 2 13 6 7 Flanagan, W. E Homever, Henry Johnston, G. H Lee Brothers Magness, H. R Owenby, C. A Sloan, M. F.,jr 10 39 10 5 6 20 3 6 Stokenberry & Son, R. H Elkins U niversity of Arkansas 14 3 27 41 22 26 Williams & Mathis West Fork. . . Gilbert Farm CONNECTICUT. Bates, L. E FLORIDA. Tampa Gist, W. M Ocala Stallings, George T GEORGIA. Haddock 46 15 6 30 6 State College of Agriculture Athens Trimble, W. W Adairsville. Adams, Jesse IDAHO. Idaho Falls . . . 1 5 13 10 11 3 4 26 4 27 36 4 23 Armes, P. S Filer . Andregg, H. F Eagle Armfield, Elmer Caldwell 2 Brammer, Henry Lewisville Barston, M. D. /. Buhl . . . 10 5 8 2 Bingham, G. C Filer Bow, S. F Caldwell Beamer, D. T Filer . Byrne, Lewis Sunnydell Byrne, James 1 3 1 21 18 11 6 Bunn Bros Lanark .... Brown, E. E Montpelier . . Beek, Henry Caldwell Brown, W. C Castleford . 2 5 Beck, J. 0 Boise Branson, F. B Filer Buchanan, D. B St. Maries 30 6 11 3 Bird, Jas. T St. Anthony. . . 8 3 3 21 Ball & Anderson Hansen Caldwell, F. E Caldwell .... Cleveland & Warren Boise Clint, John St. Maries 26 13 8 27 13 2 1 12 5 2 25 25 Chase, Charles St. Anthony Craner, W. W Buhl 4 Craig, T.C...; Idaho Clarke, M. C Menan Dodgins, Jas Eagle 7 16 1 6 6 Dorman, H. M Caldwell . . . Ellis, F. G Rigby.. Fellhouse, N. S New Plvmouth Fest, H. L Emmett. . Finn, W. H Galloway, Guy Weiser 21 6 36 20 Gammon, Lillian R . . Caldwell Grim, E. 0 1 14 Grim, C. B Nampa 20 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued . Cattle once tested without reactors. Name. Address. Pure- bred. Grade. Idaho — continued. Giese, Julius Gregory, G. F Gooding, F. W., & Sons Gooding, Fred Gage, E. R Harrod, G. A Hill, Jno Harman, John Hammar, C. W Handy shell, R. A Hazzard, Wm.C Hanbon, J. W Hatfield, W. R Johnson, J Jacot, J Jacot, Robert Jams, Bert Krogne, D. A Leland Bros Looney, Eugene Larson, A. S Larson, Albert Lyons, E. J Leister, A. S Logg, J. L McMillan, Geo. F McMillan, G. A McFarlane, A. C McCoy, B. A McClimg, A. W Myers, Chris Mase, C. H Morgan, W. R Morgan, Hugh Musgrave & Sons Morrison, Wm Myers, Mrs. D. B Maxwell, J. E Mathis, Frank J Madalena, A. G Mitchell, Walter B Nordby, Oscar Nesbitt, M. S Parker, Henry Parker, Oscar Proctor, S. H Pollard, Harry Pierce, J. M Roberts, Owen Requa Bros Rockwood, J. A Schooler, J . G Syster, O. E Steiner, Geo Sleight, R. S Stratford, D. M Stevens, R. J Teichart, Julius Tish, Geo. P Thomas & Hodges Ticknor, E . C Tuckett, C. N Tefft, B. W Thornton, R. G Uhlig, Charles White, Robert M Warner. T. A Ward, Abram Warner, L. A Wing, Fred Weeks, John Wallantine, C. A Webb, Elton Williamson, N Y wager, Geo Julianta Idaho Falls. . . . Shoshone do Dietrich Winchester Payette Caldwell do do Buhl Caldwell Buhl Rexburg St. Maries do Bloomington. . . Montpelier Wendell Cambridge St. Maries do Filer Winchester Nampa Winchester do St. Anthony. . . Filer Caldwell Weiser Cocolalla Liberty do Filer Murtaugh Caldwell Wendell Dietrich Buhl Parma Genesee New Plymouth Lanark do Kimberly Starr Berger Lanark Kimberly Roswell Buhl do Rexburg Paris Caldwell Winchester Sterling Caldwell do Filer Rexburg Ilo Payette Churchill Caldwell Buhl. . . . Caldwell Sunnydell Lanark New Plymouth Moscow Payette 1 i 4 1 24 1 1 1 3 7 1 1 1 3 1 6 . 50 3 1 4 4 10 3 5 8 5 10 4 17 9 32 3 6 5 5 6 3 2 24 20 16 16 20 83 38 30 11 10 35 14 14 19 7 14 13 15 31 6 17 25 56 41 9 12 5 14 12 5 10 28 18 13 10 3 3 1 39 13 13 5 18 32 6 38 23 17 2 11 28 2 23 12 13 2 3 12 17 12 16 42 13 18 6 “4 11 9 15 4 1 9 18 28 11 19 24 1 3 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 21 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Ackerman, J. H Ackerman, C. W Allison, H. C Anderson, C. S ’ . ’ ’ Artman, A. G * [ ” Asher, Chas Bates, C. G Bauman, Carl ’ Baumgartner, T. E Betzelberger, John & Son. Birky, Chris Biller beck, August . . . Boyer, T. A Brechtel, Carl Brechtel, Frank H.. Brechtel, Wilbur... . Brown, Jas... Brown, C. D. & H. s Buck, A. E Burkey, Lee H Callery, Frank A Carmichael, Philip Challand, Henry Chandler, Fred Clair, Galen B Cline, Frank Cox & Largent Diemer, W. W. . Dixon, W. H. .. . Dye, R. L Ebner, R. E Egan Bros Evans, C. H Fasse, Homer !! Frank, J. W Genung, Arthur Getz, Benjamin Griffin, G. F Grimes, Geo. F Gut , J oseph D Guth, Peter Hartke, J. L..!.!!! Hanna, W. R...!"! Hauter, Joseph "! Hazzard, Schuyler. . Henn, Philip A Henderson, J. A... Highberger, D. & Son. . . Hirsten, A. B Hodel, Geo Hoffman, Philip Hunt, E. R....f Imig, Gus Jamison, Ray.. Jones, Ebon C.."!! Lafferty, Ira Langtord, Fred Lant,C. E Lincoln, Thos. .!!!!!!!! McVay, J. I Mann, Chas ” “ ] ‘ Martin, Harry Mecherle, Willis.!! Miner, H. J !!!!!!! Moody, Edward Nibio, t. r ;;;;; O'Donnell, Edward Ozee, Geo. D . Pickens, C. L. Address. Pobanz, Frank !!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;;;; Geneseo Price. E. L ^ e .„ eS : C0 ILLINOIS. Morton do .!!! Lerna Ohio !.!!!!!! Ehzabeth ...!!!!!!!!!!!! Paris. Cameron Morton Chatham Delavan do Cullom Lena ! . ’ Waddams Grove do do Dundee Ridge Farm Mazon Walnut !.!!! Edelstein Stanford !.! Waterman Carman Kent Clinton Tremont Dakota Carlock Dieterich Tonica Wenona Mason Minier Morton Port Byron Tremont Lostant •. Charleston Hopedale Morton Dieterich Paris Morton Ridge Farm Redmon Danvers German Valley Cullom Metamora Tremont Winnebago Minier Ottawa Bloomington. Dewitt Paris Gladstone Ridott Cornell Beecher City Brocton Bloomington Mendota Dalton City Rock City Ottawa Lerna Dieterich Cattle once tested without reactors, i Pure- bred. Grade. Muncie. ’rice, E. L Quinn , J.J. Streator Railsback, Fay D Mackinaw. Reitz, A. P Hoopeston. 21 6 22 5 18 7 17 7 42 4 12 7 4 9 2 7 6 18 3 10 4 7 5 19 7 7 3 18 23 11 3 9 8 7 2 14 4 5 6 5 4 4 10 2 6 9 23 4 7 18 28 7 11 9 8 8 3 8 21 3 14 4 15 15 7 13 11 2 11 3 7 5 7 6 17 1 19 2 5 21 18 5 2 11 1 26 2 14 1 9 1 11 4 19 5 15 5 9 37 5 8 8 7 3 24 1 9 35 14 12 18 7 2 3 25 4 6 18 11 16 5 27 13 20 1 3 2 13 2 15 s 13 5 9 9 1 8 22 Department Circular Ikk, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle, shovnng owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. » SHORTHORN— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Illinois — continued. Hoopeston 6 2 La Salle. 2 8 Morton 21 4 do 22 3 St John, W. S Cornell 4 I 10 Metamora 6 7 Roanoke 29 8 Arrowsmith 23 4 Scholl John do 22 1 Princeton 20 3 Tremont 11 8 Wapella 14 5 Ransom 6 2 Downs 26 2 Ohio 10 5 3 5 Smith’ W M Odell 8 3 Metamora 7 19 Wheeler 9 Eureka 17 3 Thorp Ocn TT Wapella 11 14 Milford 4 i 1 Dakota 17 i Morton 8 1 2 Trine eton 21 4 Wilson Cecil Argenta 9 5 Wilson, J C Dewitt 11 Wilson Ira Wapella 22 3 Winsor Bros Morris 20 1 Wood Frank J Mason 8 9 Wright Mrs Addell Vermilion 10 2 Zipse Wm Winslow 19 4 Allison’s Sons W. A INDIANA. Washington 16 11 Applegate C. W^ Hebron 37 1 Bowers A M Marshall 16 3 Rows or TT ft Fort W'avne G 2 Bradley Peter J Loogootee 1 14 Brookover Guy L Bippus 17 5 Bruce Amor L Aurora 16 Brutus, Arba Pine Village 12 3 Butler & Butler Marshall 17 4 Carson, Spencer Monticello 15 6 Clay County Poor Farm Centerpoint 1 11 Col vert & Son A L Boswell 7 4 Constable & Son, C. L Goodland 39 6 Creek Ora B Kitchel 6 8 Daily Thomas Fowler 8 4 Deer E L Bargersville 7 7 Eberly Arthur Independence 15 6 Fisher Clarence Valparaiso 13 G Friedersdorf L J Elizabethtown 25 Funkhouser & Son Wm Rockfield 19 Gerig E E Auburn 5 10 Geri" Noa.li M. V do 5 20 Hadley William Bloomingdale 9 2 Heath man Homer Oakland City 8 1 Heiser J D Culver 8 7 Heiser "R TT do 6 Heiser’ W G . . .do 5 4 Hess George A Pine Village 26 7 Hutton S C Valparaiso 20 4 Jessup Fred E Rockville 6 2 Johnson, Will Fort Wayne 8 1 Knickerbocker Luke Logansport 5 11 Kyle, H. W Lawrenceburg 8 7 Lochery H E Franklin 13 3 Mackey Elmer Hebron 6 2 Mart indale & Allford Wilkinson 6 1 Mead James 0 Goodland 8 4 Mctzingcr M G Ambia 5 4 Million, William A Monticello 5 3 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List 23 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in vjhich located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Indiana — continued . Morris, Frank T Nieodennis, Bert North, C. J Pierce & Son, Ed Pound. W. H Reiff, Milt K Rhode, Andrew Rosenbaum, Jacob Ross, John B Runner & Staggs Scheetz, John B., jr Schiele, R. J Sears, Virgil Shepard, George Shonkwiler, Harry L . . Smith, Norval Smith, W. O Smith & George Steinmetz, A.F Summers, J. M Thatcher, Glen Thiel, Milton Thomas & Sons, W. H Weis, Martin Willen, Christ A Williams, Zeno Wortlev, W. H Logansport do Brookston Newcastle Sullivan Burnetts Creek. Pine Village Mount Vernon . Fort Wayne.. Oxford Grass Creek Clay City Lapel Goodland Raub Kouts Oxford Franklin Ambia Oakland City . Valpaiaiso. Hebron Farmers burg. . Aurora Clay City Bloomingdale . . Rensselaer 16 12 9 11 15 20 34 11 9 1 23 2 5 18 9 23 20 7 64 8 5 6 12 17 24 2 9 4 4 2 4 4 3 13 2 10 1 4 3 2 5 3 11 4 8 12 10 3 IOWA. Anderson, W. C Asmus, L. H Austin, T. E Austinson, M. S Bakken, Chris Bare, G. W Barthelme, Phil, & Son. Bell, Adam Beil, H. F Bowman, M. L Brenneman, John C Brenneman, M. J Brenneman, W. D Brown, F. E Bruhns, Ferrus Bruhns, Henry Cameron, W. A Carolan, Philip Chalupa, Frank Charleson, I. W Christenson, Will Clark, F. A Clausen, Peter Corporation of Thompson. Cutler, Eugene Dahl, Albert Dahlhouser, Peter J Dahlhouser.P. W Dalton, E. R Dixon, O. A Dresser, Paul Eggert, George Ellefson, Ole Elsen, Charles Engebretson, John Erb, John Erb, Marion Erickson, Henry. Ewen, C. E Finer, E. S Floyd County Farm Frank, L. W Gall, W. H Genrich, A. M Norwalk 8 Thompson j Forest City do Walker < 25 Decorah i 33 Thompson West Bend i Waterloo Kalona Kalona, R. 2 Wellman, R. 3 Mitchellville Buffalo Center 8 42 Lonerock 22 34 8 Decorah Pleasant Plain Forest City Armstrong Laurens 21 38 Spencer Thompson Logan 19 Thompson Whittemore. 5 Algona...' Waukon 1 18 43 Cedar Falls Newton Leland Manson 20 Thompson ■Wellman 1 Kalona Thompson Callender 11 2 16 Thompson Charles City Thompson Polk City Luveme 13 18 17 16 19 21 13 12 26 11 23 4 10 10 1 3 16 32 19 3 21 17 34 14 60 17 26 1 16 14 15 13 10 13 24 Department Circular iM, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture , List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle on without Pure- bred. Lee tested reactors. Grade. iowa — continued . Gillespie, H. L. F Manchester 3 17 Gingerich, Jeff G 15 Gingerich, John 10 Gingerich^ L. 0 .’ 15 Gingerich^ W. F 10 2 Gjertson, ^Tohn 41 Grotenhuis, A. J., & Son 43 4 14 Hague & Girton 14 7 Hancher, A. E 17 1 Hanna & Griffith 20 15 10 1 13 Healy, 0. M., & Son 41 ' 5 Helgren, John 24 1 11 9 23 Holland, O. II 1 20 Hoover,C. E. , &*Son 26 4 H ulme, George 24 Iowa State College 23 28 33 Jensen, J. E Buffalo Center 14 Kossuth Comity Farm Algona 1 33 Lehman, C. H Thompson .... 20 Lofstadt Brothers Rippey is 2 Luckason, Arne Kensett . . 92 7 Lyders, A. M Ellsworth . . 40 1 McKibben, J. E Mechanics ville 10 Martin, Edward Parnell 17 Metz, F. E Fairfield 25 Miller, C. D Wellman 14 Miller, David D ICa.lnna 13 Moore, E._» & Son West Liberty H Murphy, J ohn E Lonerock 50 Myers, M. W Beaman 11 2 Naab, Fred Elma 40 Nelson, G. J. Kensett 51 i Neville, R. V Laurens 21 3 Oloff, L. C Ireton 28 9 Olson, A. It Thompson 21 Olson, William II Forest City 1 11 Ostrander, C. W Thompson 16 Palmer, John L Kalona 10 Pedley, James Britt 6 1 Phillips, J. W., & Sons Havelock 17 3 Phillips, Oscar Rolfe 14 H Quillan, Phil J W aukon 27 Reber, Joel D Wellman, R 3 13 Reesee, II. C Prescott 24 12 Rensberger, Roy Parnell H Riebhoff, Frank Algona 28 1 Ring Brothers N p.wt.nn 33 Robinson, G. A Thompson 12 Runchey, W. M West Bend 16 g Saunders, R. E I.onerock 15 3 Schauf, II. S Thompson 25 Sch mucker, Edward Kalona 12 Schuerman, G. H Mt. Pleasant 22 1 Schuerman, Leslie . do 1 Sheaffer, M., jr Adel 6 2 Slaubaugh, Milton C Kalona 10 Steffen, B. A Thompson 4 18 Stenerson, John Woden 36 Stofferson, C. N Harlan 20 7 Swartzcndruber, M. D Wellman 20 Thorsen, Thom Leland 16 Thorson, John do 19 Troyer, A. F Kalona 1 15 Turner, F. E Clemons 30 Weiland. H. J..& Son Britt 8 6 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 25 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. • iowa— continued. Wertz, S. E Wheeler, J. L. . . Winter, Sam . . . Woods, F. J Yoder, EliS.... Yoder, Jason G. Yoder, John M. Yoder, Noah G. Young, M. J Ziegler, Fred L . Kalona Forest City. . Thompson . . Newton Kalona, R. 4 Parnell do Wellman Sumner Algona 15 17 1 r 1 19 8 10 1 12 10 11 10 16 20 Abrahams, E. H KANSAS. . Emporia Ashcraft, J. W . Atchison. Anderson, H. S Holton . Anderson, H. C . Americus Appleton & Son, G. J . Maple Hill . Bayer, Henry Quincy Breckbill, J. E . Detroit Baxter, Jas Clay Center Brown, Loyd Oswego Bennett, S. W. & T. V Halls Summit Coffman, Ross A., & Son. .. Overbrook Cramer, G. W Lebo . . Cunningham, R. H Harper Cartmill, J. G Atchison Coleman, W. R Lawrence Churchill, H. H Topeka . . . Bawdy, D. L Arrington . . Dickson & Son, W. T. . . Carbondale, R 4 Daily, D Waverly Dust on, M. Z W ashington Daily, R. B W averly Dews, J. W Osage City Firestone, W. M Maple Hill Fuhrman. John v Lancaster Haymaker M. C., & Son Scranton, R. 2 Hathan, Chas., & Son Scranton Heacock, E. E., & Son Hartford Jasperson, V. A Scranton Jewett, E. L. & Sons Burlington . Lovett, Claud Neal Lyon, H. M Waverly Lumley, J. G Emporia, R 8 McLaughlin, F. C Waverly. .. McLenon Bros Everest Malyneaux, W. H .. . Palmer. . . . -Malyneaux, J. A O’Dell, Stephen C Le Roy Paton, J. E Winfield Russell, Clayton Emporia Richardson, I. T Shown, W. A.. Americus Scholz, C. A Lancaster .... Smith. Chester & Son Waverly Stegelm, Ed Straight Creek The Glancvs Atchison, R. 2 Waits, L. C Cassody . . . White, C. H Burlington Yinzer, S. A S afford ville Belcher, G. B KENTUCKY. Glenwood Bowyer Bros W in Chester Butler, J. A Millersburg Calloway, Joe Smithfield. Clement. J. J Fulton Cobb, Phelps Danville Crawford Bros Lebanon Dorsey, L. L. Anchorage Fischer, Samuel, & Son Elizabethtown . . Gager, C. B Paris. 12651°— 20 4 27 27 7 13 4 37 4 10 12 21 11 42 2 3 10 2 47 4 8 4 15 8 10 4 2 13 6 1 11 3 23 3 7 26 6 14 7 12 5 8 6 5 4 26 21 2 72 20 25 11 7 36 6 6 3 7 6 4 g 19 7 35 7 11 12 7 3 5 7 19 8 5 7 23 36 l 26 5 86 19 13 31 14 29 20 32 15 24 15 21 49 53 30 37 8 5 8 3 3 5 * 3 26 Department Circular 1W, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Kentucky — continued. 16 Uniontown 10 16 18 7 11 2 do 15 4 11 6 Elizabethtown 16 9 13 7 30 4 8 8 4 7 12 3 21 2 Bedford 21 5 St. Matthews 29 LOUISIANA. r tjf T> 156 5 MAINE . 10 13 X> nine Tirnthpi’Q Leeds Center J 18 TVmrmc. O TT 1 aterville 5 jjavies, c. i it T^nnViQTTl TTqtvpv "R Phillips 4 12 TTIIiq A H Fairfield . 11 1 Tvill Mrs f| O A Snn Phillips 9 2 Ullly 1V1I o . v . w . J 06 O Ull - - • T^onrlovonn rrQrnpft Carmel 16 6 _r BHutJioUiij udiiLcn TTrAcjf Ppv Waterville 1 12 North Jay 13 24 Macomber, C. 0 Aefynnd PlaroTiPP TT Frye burg 4 10 Piorpo T / P, Weeks Mills 1 20 T)/\i'f av P T7 Houlton 5 18 Qliirlov Ocpot* West Houlton 10 4 15 'W ood, Ross A. - MARYLAND. "wr Silver Spring 28 8 Unnft Mro P P 10 WT-rrt T> 10 T WT P 18 lvoecnei, CJ+nti + An T TT do 2 11 C+ cm + /vn WT T 1 do 5 12 MASSACHUSETTS. Readville 33 Saltonstall, Kobert MICHIGAN. Beland, Claire C Tecumseh 10 18 3 Davidson & Hall 11 20 Parmenter, Amos MINNESOTA. A nl Ttiot^I f "R 39 Peterson 6 21 Aarsvold, Benjamin ..................... Aarsvold, Joseph Utica 1 35 10 Albers Henry A 1 1on WT m T ) 3 19 13 Dawson 37 4 Amundson, Arnold B 20 Anderson Mrs A P Anderson, Elmer AnHorcmi Tvpf Litchfield 5 28 11 Anderson, Thco West Concord 19 14 27 12 2 Archer, A. H. & Son ■ 1 13 Baarach A Zimmerman Bain. R. J 5 7 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 27 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 -purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Minnesota — continued. Bandas, Frank Banfield & Johnson Barner & Johnson Barnett, J. C Barzen, Matt Bennett, Geo. E Bergsrud, A. IP Bettinger, Elroy. Bigelow, Charles Bittner, Arthur Blair, L. J Block, William Blunt, D. A Borass Brothers Borden, H. G Bothman, C. J Bowen, S. S Boyum, Clarence Bratnober & Oakley Brelje, Herman Broadwater, R . R Broadwater, Sam Brown, E. L Budensick, A. W Bullard, August Bunkowski, Mrs. Ludwig. Burckhardt, Henry Burk, F. E Camery, H. W Camery, Ross W Campbell, T. A Carlson Brothers Christensen C Cole, Benjamin Cole, E. L Cole, Guy Conzemius, J Conzemius, N Cowan, Hector Coyle & Dillman Coyle, J. H Crandall, Ezra J Crickmore, Wm Cummings, Senator James. Dahl, M. E Dammann, F. W Danek, J. D Danielson, H. H Davis, Thos Demmer, Peter Denistoun, Thos. M Deopere, Rene Dickinson, W. F Dobelstein, Clarence Doely, C. B Doely, N. I Domstrand, John Donnay, Frank Dovre, Olaf Doyle, Leo Eastman, E. C., & Son Eickhorst, Ben Eid, J. H Eide, Gilbert Ekberg, F. A Erickson, Gust Erickson, Herman Erickson, Martin Estenson Bros Etter, Fred Evans, Ed Evans, Herbert Fausch, C. D Fausch, Christ Biscay Austin Tenney Kilkenny Thief River Falls. Mora Spring Grove Rock Creek St. Hilaire Winona Mora Hutchinson Litchfield Hallock Thief River Falls. St. Hilaire Hancock Peterson, R. 2 Anoka Glencoe Preston do Hancock Zumbrota Glencoe Kent Russell Mora Worthington do Forest City Hallock . . ! Thief River Falls . Canby Spring Valley Mora Hastings do. Windom Harmony Canton. Morristown Owatonna East Grand Forks. Twin Valley St. Hilaire Glencoe Hendricks Lake Crystal Caledonia Brooks Cambria Fairmont Winona Spring Grove do Wylie Glencoe Minneota Chatfield Litchfield Morristown Montevideo Utica Herman St. Hilaire Ogilvie Wylie New Ulm, R. 5. . . Courtland Cambria do Morristown do 38 1 31 13 51 7 25 1 24 7 18 10 14 18 6 6 19 58 6 25 12 12 12 8 26 29 22 16 8 9 11 5 15 14 39 14 11 36 10 23 3 3 5 16 38 2 6 15 33 8 6 10 35 6 8 32 57 9 29 6 27 2 12 8 19 29 61 9 10 14 14 12 7 4 3 20 1 15 9 6 22 15 7 13 15 8 20 13 3 18 4 26 2 2 10 53 1 2 17 19 40 11 11 15 1 15 14 10 1 9 16 ii 21 28 Department Circular 1M, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners f breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Minnesota — continued. Ferrier, Chas. H Dover 72 Foslien, Alfred K Garfield 34 Freeman, Geo. W. . Z umbrota. . . 18 (v Freese, Arthur Marshall . . . 43 O Freese, Ed .... do... 15 o French & Smith Redwood Falls 23 o 2 Furch, R Gaylord, R. 3 . 10 Gerhart Bros. (Note.— F arm is in Min- Staceyville, Iowa. . . 3 18 nesota.) Gilbertson, G. G Utica, R. 1... 11 Godfrey, 0. I 10 7 Gorder, A. S 2 14. Gorder, C. J it QQ Gould, F. C Fairmont . . 2 oo Gove, B. V Windom 1 o 17 Griffiths, John W New Ulm 15 Gruenhagen, Henry Glencoe 30 Gunn, Charles Winona 17 Gustafson, P. J St. Hilaire 1 38 Hallstrom, F, A Wylie 31 Hancock, C. E... . Ch'atfield 11 Hanna, W. A., & Sons Maple ton 40 6 Hanson, H. J Dawson 7 18 Harbo, Carl T Cambria 1 21 Harm, F. H Norwood 4 29 Harms, J. H.. . 29 Harrington, E. P Lamberton... . 5 2 Hartman, Frank Fairmont 4 4 Hartman, Geo. M Rose Creek... . 17 28 Hatz, Adam Glencoe, R. 1... 1 27 Haune, F. G. & Son. . . Waseca 11 25 Hawkes, A. S 21 Hawley, Jas. W. H. . Albert Lea 27 Heckle, John . . . Fairmont 17 4 Hedlund, John . . . St. Hilaire 10 Hedstrom, Ellis Hoffman . . 3 17 Heideman, J.C Montevideo 25 g Hewitt, George New Ulm. . 14 Hohner. Wm. St. Hilaire. . 22 Hope, I. Q, Winnebago.. 6 1 Hoyme, H. S Pipestone 36 4 Hughes, B. D New Ulm 15 Hughes, Robert New Ulm, R. 5 11 Hultquist, A . F Red Wing 20 18 Hunt, S. E . Thief River Falls 10 Ingals, J. 0.. . Spring Valley 1 19 Jecke, E. G Wykoff... 1 14 Jecke, Otto. . 10 7 Jensen, Hans Hutchinson . 31 11 Johnsboy, H. M. . Star buck.. 22 6 Johnson Bros. Atwater 37 6 Johnson, E. G Litchfield . 5 21 Johnson, Ed. N Hallock 16 Johnson, Frank Sleepy Eye 9 3 Johnson, Herman Peterson, R. 2... 7 14 Johnson, Hjalmar Wvlie 19 Johnson, John J Utica 21 Johnson, John M Goodridge... 13 Johnson, M Winona. . 10 Johnson, M. E Havward . . . 16 6 Johnson, Oscar Coon Creek 1 16 Johnson, S. J St. Hilaire. . 3 3 Jones Bros New Ulm, R. 5 1 20 Jones, John F do 20 Jones, R. R Montevideo 60 Jones, Thos. C Lake Crystal. R 4. 13 Jordan & Hanson Herman. . . 51 1 Kaniksan, John St. Hilaire. . . 18 TTIricr P P (Austin, Farm No. 2 11 2 XVAll*-, y JJ . X (Austin, Farm No. 3 11 Kitterman, B. O Tracy 10 17 Knoll, Henry Winona.. .. 32 Knutson Bros Lakeville. 26 Knutson, Elliel 9 1 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 29 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Koester, F. S Kramer, Diedrick . Kreber, John L Kruse, Christian. Address. Minnesota — continued. Cattle once tested without reactors. Northfield Young America. St. Cloud Wylie. Landman, Fred - ■ " " " ! ! ! ! " ! ! J Black River Lang, George, Meadowbrook Stock Farm. . Mapleton Larson, G. N Winnebago.' Lassen, Hans | Glencoe. Le Bessoniere, Jeff ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Red Lake Fails Lee, J. B Waseca Lee, Knute ' i ^ n Lefairre, Octave Red Lake Fail's JLewis, Clyde Lewis, W. M Lindahl, P Lindgren, Geo. A Linquist, Chas. A Lindquist, G. A Lindquist, Gunnard ' Lindquist, Raymond C Lindstrom, Clarence Lloyd, John E Lofgren, Renus Logan, C. M Lord, Clarence E Luehrs, Henry " " " Lundberg, Peter McAndress, M. L... McDonald, J. H Mclver Bros MeMartin, Perry McNellis, Ed ’ . " ’ " Maas, Adrian [ ’ Maguire, James Marpe, C. P Mathews, H. E ’ ’ ' Meinen, D. J Meitrodt, Gust Melin, C. A Meyer, G. H " ” [ " " Michael, Louis Miller, 6 . J ..." Moen, A. J Moines, E. J Moore, Geo. M " " " Moore, J. H Moravec, Anton " ‘ " ‘ " ‘ Moren, Edward Morkassel, G. M Mornel Stock Farm Morris, Jo hn T Mortenson Bros . . Mueller, C. H " " " " " Murphy, F. W Murphy, Wm Musser, J. C Muzzie, R. L ] Myrah, E . G Naplin, John. . Nash, M. A Neill, John Nelson, Albert Nelson, T. C Neuman, O. C., Shady Dell Farm Nordlum & Morris Norwood, Chas. F. . Nouneman, Fred O’Connell, P. J O’Connor, T im " ’ ’ " " Oen, Henry ’ O’Hara, James O’Neil, E. B Oliva, John Ortloff, Chas " " ' Mora. Lake Crystal, R. 4 ! Hallock Hallock St. Hilaire do do. Carver Shafer New Ulm, R. 5 Ceylon Stewartville Glencoe do St. Hilaire do Fisher Farwell Claremont Glencoe Faribault : Dawson Twin Lakes New Ulm, R. 5 Spring Valley Caledonia Wylie Campbell Minnesota City Winona... Starbuck Russell Jackson St. Hilaire " Glencoe Wylie... Warren Albert Lea Mapleton St. Hilaire Big Lake Wheaton Lakefield Fairmont Thief River Falls Spring Grove Wylie ; Tracy Winona St. Hilaire Albert Lea Wheaton Middle River Balaton Fairmont Glencoe Preston Thief River Falls . " Lanesboro Thief River Falls Hutchinson Glencoe, R. 5 Pure- bred. Grade. 14 27 17 34 33 4 1 2 17 26 28 43 7 12 14 8 3.5 18 10 13 17 15 10 8 10 42 13 18 19 11 1 23 17 9 10 12 10 6 24 10 21 32 3 4 21 10 10 15 15 5 45 15 12 1 23 7 1 28 15 9 15 6 23 32 3 23 74 i3 12 10 16 21 2 48 4 15 7 5 10 19 11 12 5 14 48 2 10 20 9 23 30 Department Circular lkk, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Minnesota — continued. Glencoe 14 Otte J Randolph 19- 3 Thief River Falls . 6 28 18 4 Euclid 06 15 14 Redwood Falls 4 16 14 Isanti, R. 2 1 12 PflfTnor !r R. Stillwater 4 10 15 Cambria 1 18 do 18 13 Thief River Falls 1 12 12 I 22 14 St. Paul 22 21 1 48 13 44 6 20 Mora. 5 ! 4 Starbuck 3 26 Clear brook 11 Rios Henry Wilson 12 17 t> in trp v 0! nn Stewartville 9 5 XviilJsC J j Uil Ritter JR Winnebago 13 9 Roark P W Thief River Falls 12 23 t> nV\PT*t q TTln npTi New Ulm 14 Roelofs John Preston 1 10 Roese W E Plummer 21 Rosdahl T R - Bricelyn 7 I 14 Roster Mite Freeburg 19 9 Roverud C T Spring Grove 16 6 Roverud H S do 14 3 James S - St. Hilaire 1 20 Ruddy M L Lu verne 64 T?nvjrj Olaf do 22 9 Pvfin A C Red Wing 19 1 Sa°uffer Elmer Morristown 7 18 SanTn^nn W C Litchfield 3 25 Sandber 0- Ed Wahkon 10 QaTi prime TnTin Motley 18 ^phloePl A A Le Sueur 16 cp>i -m i fl t W m Albert Lea 1 10 QolirVlin Swflfl Wylie 15 SipIvrnpHpr W A Lambert 25 18 Selland Gilbert Caledonia. 34 5 St. Hilaire 10 OllUUpiIlctll^ xk. - Simonson Henrv do 11 Siverson Bros . Thief River Falls 10 Skjerpin°- Tobias do 5 11 Sklvzacek Frank A - Wheatland 10 15 H TTpnS . Thief River Falls 3 8 Qvn oil TnVm _ _ _ ... St. Charles IS Steele Bamov T Alden 4 15 Stephens E H St. Hilaire 11 Storrs Chas A Amboy ii 11 Suprenant J oe J Red Lake Falls l 25 Svanson John N G oodridge. i 22 Swanson Alfred Ivanhoe 7 13 Swanson Arthur St. Hilaire 13 Swanson Bros W ylie 13 Taylor T 13 Mapleton 16 1 Tpnrp W Ti Hastings 11 Te^elis, Antone Sedan 5 16 Theiss F Winona • 14 Thomas ii E Lake Cr ystal 18 Throndrud & Sons E A Dawson 43 9 Thrush H N Olivia 10 Thyrene, E J St. Hilaire l 22 Tiitney D M Redwood Falls 12 24 Todd & Son, II. P Altura 34 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List, 31 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Todd, Thos. L Minnesota — continued. 26 6 6 3 Toothaker, H. G Fairmont Ufken, Anthony Marshall . . . 3 31 21 12 10 17 22 2 19 14 2 15 24 19 22 University Minnesota Farm W aseca . Urdahl, Christ. Goodridge. . . Vaaler, Walter Spring Grove . . . Vaughen, Morgen Goodridge Wagner, J. H Red Lake Falls 2 Waistad, Andrew Garfield Ware, E. C 14 37 6 21 Weber, Albert F Blue Earth Weckwerth, O. C Weighill, W. A Welch, Robert .. . Winona Wentzel, Louie A Wick, J. Henry 1 5 34 Wigley, E. E William Bros • Lake Crystal Kimball Williams, Edwin Lake Crystal, R. 4 . . . . 20 14 16 13 15. 10 21 15 9 5 12 99 Williams, R Winter, J. A 3 1 Zehnder, John J Lake Crystal Zelicky, Frank Hutchinson. Zencius, W. M Glencoe Zimmerman, A. P Spring Valiev. Zinther, PauL St. Hilaire Zopfi, Nick Champlin 20 12 1 22 5 61 21 9 20 15 15 8 27 25 14 14 7 14 12 24 13 12 7 24 11 25 Baker, W. R MISSISSIPPI. Grenada Barklev, LA Cotton Plant . Davis, Jno. W. & Sons Natchez . Harmon, W. D Gates ville . Jones, R. W Grenada McCoy, E. E Flora Ormsby, W. T Natchez... Adair County Farm MISSOURI. Kirksville. . . . 8 13 13 42 Allder & Landers Stockton Arnold, R. Powell Williamsburg. . Austin, W. A Chillicothe Bailey Bros Oregon . Baldwin, Frank Plevna Barber & Williams Skidmore 8 20 1 7 c; 4 3 Barnes, R. L., & Sons Clark Bedsworth, Roy 0 Portland Benz Bros Sedalia Blakemore, A. C Walnut Grove Burford, J. 0 Marshfield Cies, A. W., & Son Chillicothe Coghill, E. A Kirksville Crank, J. W Springfield.. . 41 13 3 8 1 11 Dale, I. F Sheldon Donnell, P. E Waco Edwards, J. C Morrisville Elliott, J. D., & Son Kirksville. . Exler, George A Neeleys Landing . . . Finlay, W. H Sturgeon 9 21 13 55 4 13 12 8 Fisher F. C., & Son Rea 4 5 Ford, J. N Sheldon Garrett, W. P Portland Gehrke, E. W Kirksville 26 41 3 35 3.5 13 13 1 5 32 Glassey, A. A Cuba Glenn, R. H Tarkio Gray* L. W., & Son Green, George R Smithton Halliburton, S. M Cairo 13 1 Hanebrink, J. H Cape Girardeau Haman, Ed. A Hartley, A. W Stockton. . 21 5 3 Henderson, R. J Purrlv Heuer, G. W Cape Girardeau 32 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Missouri — continued . Hobbs, Lee 12 Hoehns, H. E 11 Homan, II. R do 15 Hope, J . R Pocahontas 12 16 Hudson, H. V 12 2 Huff, C. D 7 10 Hunter, Frank L 11 .6 James, tlarry 13 2 Job, J. B . . 25 Kellev, A. H 13 3 Kienninger, M. C 10 8 Kies, L. E., & Sons 14 15 Kin Tread E . E 29 12 Kinkead^ G. N . ...do 22 10 Lagle, George E Millard 8 1 Laur, T. A 34 24 Love^ James L 33 McCormick, E . C 16 3 McElfresh Huey 30 Mclntvre, A. O..T 24 5 Marbut, (3 9 Marbut^ V. H 16 1 1 31 Mi IT i ken, John A 13 19 g Miorelock, J" fe Greencastle 16 3 Morelock, W. H. E do 10 g NaumamDr. 0. W Craig . 29 16 Nelson, H. R Walker 12 29 Overton, John V Trenton 14 6 Tar kin , Felix J Fredericktown 9 Patterson, J. M., jr Liberty 14 12 Patterson, T. E Walnut Grove 13 Randol, L. J Jackson 12 10 Rankin, John A., jr Tarkio 45 2 Rankin, Ed. F . .do ... 86 7 Richards, J. F 1 Bevier.. 14 Roberts, J. F j Rea. 30 - Robertson, Joe H Armstrong H 1 Rudy, George F Smithton H Schluessing, J. A 30 Sherwood, I. V Huntsville .... 16 29 Simmons, Lafe Macon . . 28 Smith, Bert Clark 11 1 Smith, Mrs. P. F Bunceton 15 Smith & Jackson Purdy 6 21 Steffey, C. R Craig 10 2 Sunbarger, J Tarkio 27 4 Thomas, E. H Aurora 14 Triplett, D. F Sibley 17 13 Tucker, Elliott Perryville 11 8 Turner, W. R Shelbyville 37 3 Turner, Cleve D . . .do 5 2 Volker, H. R Tarkio 8 4 Watson, G. W Kirksville. 34 Welch, E. 0 Chillicothe 19 4 Welden, F. C Portland 6 14 Whiteside, Ed., & Son Chillicothe 26 3 Wilson Farm Mansfield 86 4 Wilson, C. A Tarkio 23 3 Wilson, C. T Elmer . . 29 Womack Bros Fulton . . 59 Wood, Denver New London.. . 18 5 W ood, E . R Smithton 11 Wright, Ernest Jacksonville - 14 g Wright, V. N Walker 15 3 Wright, Charles J Jacksonville . . 24 3 MONTANA. Allsop, Ezra Bozeman Anderson Bros Sioux Pass. . H 17 Canopis, Nick Butte 74 Clark, Guy G Savage 25 32 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List, 33 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Daiiev. W. E Montana — continued. Power . . 1 12 18 4 13 42 50 69 46 Deseliamps, A. R Missoula Downer, A. H Acton 9 5 41 12 13 4 30 12 6 1 11 17 19 18 Eidum, Halvor Elliott, S. F., & Son Salesville Hagan, T. F Jenkins, T. F Johnson, Hans Belt Kastien, A . W Beach, N. Dak. (ranch in Montana) Kellar, Sam 13 7 7 Larsen, A . Th Dagmar Lever, A. J Billings McCann on, J. L Huntley Miller Development Co Wisdom 13 11 O’Connell, C. L Ivalispell Oftedahl, Sven Glendive Price, J. C Conrad 21 44 34 5 24 6 Sales & Dickson Salesville 91 6 13 2 4 58 17 5 2 4 7 4 4 6 8 10 11 Sexmith Ranch Hobson. .. Sidebottom, E. E Acton Thompson, Knute Froid Ueland , R . R Antelope. . . Vaux & Upton Sidney Wolfskill & Mangier Molt 20 8 26 9 36 9 62 60 7 12 42 11 Ahlschwede, Fred NEBRASKA. Milford Anderson, J. A Beaver Crossing Anderson , Walter Andrews , Thos . . . Cambridge Asmus, Emil Dorchester . . Axtell, J. A Fairbury Bailey, H. H Ord • Barth, H. E York.. Bliss, L. E Alliance Boesiger, David Cortland . . . Burbank, H. H Filley Burklund, Fred Verona 20 2 Callaway, C. B Fairbury.... 30 38 30 11 11 22 1 51 Carper, J. F Harvard Chaffin, Edgar Kilgore 30 2 1 4 14 1 14 1 4 Coatnev, L. W Utica Croft, W. J., & Son... Foster DeBoer, J. W.. York Fetzner,C. D., & Son Falls City Ficke, C. D. & Son Pleasant Dale. Fitch, W.C McCook Fixemer, Adolph Geneva 33 29 9 10 59 6 5 15 31 17 1 1 18 27 13 6 1 15 8 25 18 20 24 52 . Foster, E. J York French, C. M... Arlington French, E. C Fremont.. 3 Gelston Bros Elk City Gross, Geo Sutton Grosshaus, J. C 2 3 1 7 11 12 Harrell, W.C Hastings . . . Hays, E . J York Humphries, T. F. . Culbertson Johnson, Godfrey Harvard . Kelley, C. W.... McCook . Koenig, A. L Spencer McCarthy, C Y ork McCarthy, Jerry 3 2 16 5 4 27 3 McKelvie,C . H Lincoln McKinney, W. H McCook Miller, C. A Wymore . Miller, Dan Milford Miller, M. M Wymore Mosely, P. F do . . Myers, W . A Seward . Nebraska School of Agriculture. . . Curtis . Pierce Bros Atlanta Plunket, Zeno Papillion 20 13 Pospisil, Wm Dorchester 8 34 Department Circular U. S . Dept, of Agriculture. List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHO RTHORN— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle on without i Pure- bred. ee tested reactors. Grade. Nebraska— continued. St. Edward 73 20 Rpid W TT Edgar 6 i 6 Walton 19 16 j 3 .do '27 4 Milford „ 22 | Fullerton 16 I 3 Be Witt 20 ! 1 Wymore 3 ! 17 .do 17 2 46 S 9 17 Milford 19 12 .do 14 do 17 7 Red Cloud 4 5 Burton 8 17 TegW t’.T Meadow Grove 28 ; 5 York 32 8 "Wan-pr TT F, Lincoln 9 30 White L F York 26 1 Willey C R Liberty 19 3 Fairfield 9 NEVADA. A TTI Q W T? Genoa - 32 Rfmn 26 A llprrrmn "R' A Gardnerville 40 A nHprQnn Tno P Reno, Grand Central Hotel 11 Allnm C l\f Yerington . i 22 T3a]oi Ancnlrv Reno, R. 1, box 31 11 Banta H A Reno, box 318 19 "RflVpr ’ TT TT Reno. R. 2 54 DQiiCi rn XX. XJ Rncen Prfmlr Reno, 344 West Sixth 13 X)COoUj X I UJJ.A "Rnl I n-nfi n i A Sparks, box 868 19 JJ tUItJll LIXil j xx - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- T3'i«ua (y-nn T P Reno, R. 2, box 52 11 PlrjpV M Sparks 21 T5i-i|i Vi r* tor Gardnerville 11 Ctotti pfti PI Yerington.... 11 vitillolll) x>. -LJ ------------- Cook Frod Genoa 69 T") Reno, R. 1, box 11 37 Pqttqvtc P f(r Tnhn Reno. 11 \^d>ydiL 1U. 1j . cy j ujxii - -- -- -- -- - -------- Cocoa "Pin Ar Reno, R. 2, box 32 22 voiOl/U* X lvj tv X/UllcHl. Reno, R. 2, box 29 15 CrQlliffni fir T iPTl 1 Sparks, box 162 - - - 13 VTdilll^clIi Cx JLJKsU l ------- r'ifiT’lr "W M Reno, R. 2 49 VV . ±Vx - ------------- ("'on P, Verdi, box 46 13 (^ 0 Q 077 Q Top Reno, R. 1, box 45 12 PqIIqViqti T*i m pq r P Reno, R. 1, box 47 37 V^dilld/IIclll, J O/lllCO x......... --- PhriQtPTi^nTi .T TT Reno 11 PnrhciTii P P V erdi 12 U LLL I Id. ill, X . - - - - TVn Q auijq 1NJ T Reno, box 113 37 Sparks, box 118 15 T> olio rn n d q 1 on Trio Femley 18 u iiU . - . Reno, R. 1, box 82 35 Sparks, box 446 12 P/irrith T.nni^ Reno, box 382 22 PAri’ori "D Reno, R.2. 10 X' cl I <11 1, 1/ - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Pnlctnn P Phtl? F, Carson City 28 X 1 IxlolUIlCj v^llcto. xj - - Pcirrpf tn P, Reno, R. 1, box 55-A 14 Porrpfti T np Reno, R. 1, box 36 20 PrpitnQ PrnQ Yerington 39 nor fncrl in T^pfor Reno, R. 1, box 58 i 11 H.O orp T£* Q Smith. 40 Pin rf\ olio "\rir>lf Reno, box 125 11 Pq rd ol 1 o T. A r 1 ,n(TQ m o «si n Pr Verdi box 2 18 v ra-1 Clcild/j xj. Cv lc*j VJ- - -- -- -- -- -- rirncp Pon Reno, R. 2 26 PIapV Pnn Minden 19 Psnil Verdi | 38 Gariwocke, Gerafma Huffaker * 11 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 35 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Ginocchio, Nick Nevada— continued. Reno, R. 1 , box 41 Holcomb Estate Co Reno, R. 1, box 49 Heinsolh, Richard Shericlan 46 Hellwinkel, John Gardnerville 1 15 1 n Hellwinkel, H. C Hansen, H Verdi zz 14 11 17 23 11 11 11 34 21 18 14 50 10 18 47 11 11 14 44 30 17 19 20 11 12 48 20 24 11 10 25 26 18 19 19 10 23 14 50 Hillbum, J. II Yerington Hansen, Frank, jr Jacobsen, M Gardnerville I Johnson, H Minden | Jacobsen, C. W Jones, H. I Sheridan Jones, D. L.,Co Gardnerville Jacobi, B. A Reno, box 12 Kremfnel, C. H Yerington Knemeyer, Edward Kietzke, Albert Kennedy, Wm. M Verdi, box 83 Lombardi, Giulio Reno, R. 1, box 52 Laughton, A. L Verdi, box 139 Lagaros, Mike Ruth Lainpe, H. C Gardnerville Lucketti, G. B Reno, R . 2 Lembers, Geo Sparks, box 167 McCloud, D. R Yerington Mortenson Bros Verdi Matter, Jno Reno, R. 2 Mouro, M. P Reno, box 728 Motleys, Pete Sheridan i Marsh, H. E Reno, box 396 Madelini, J. D Reno, R. 1 , box 51 Ormahea, Joe Reno, box 42 Park, Joe Sheridan Park, Clarence Gardnerville Parosole, Lo Reno, R. 1 Parosole, J. H do Pezzi, D Reno, R. 1 , box 54. . . . Pechetti, Frank Reno, R. 1 , box 46 Rosasco, C Reno, R. 2 Ruth Dairy Co Ruth, box 211 Riemann, John C Gardnerville.. Rodgers Ranch Lovelock Schact, H. Wm Yerington Sciaroni, A do Short, W. C Reno, 216 East Liberty Street. 143 Yerington Scassa, Antone 39 31 16 14 55 19 20 14 24 24 15 12 10 243 40 10 5 13 19 36 11 11 12 Schreck Bros Smith Semenza, A Sparks, box 439 . Stodieck, J.H Gardnerville State Prison Farm Carson Sundin B. E Reno, box 439 Schneider, Joe Carson City Scassa, Mrs. Ernest Sheridan Settlemeyer, H. W Gardnerville Smith, Roy Franktown Thompson, P. T Reno, box 32 Tiedge. H Gardnerville Tholke, J. D Thuiesen, C. T V erdi Thran, D Gardnerville .... Tran, Wm do University of Nevada Animal Husbandry Department. Wehrman, H. W Reno 14 Gardnerville White, C. C Sheridan Yrilearren, Martin Reno, general deliver}' Yori, Maria Reno, R. 2, box 16 Zolazzi, Jerry Huffaker Barnes, Herbert M NEW HAMPSHIRE. Lyme Center. . 11 11 . Melanson, George W Intervale 36 Department Circular 1H, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , breeds, and States in which Located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Cattle once tested without reactors. Name. Address. Pure- bred NEW JERSEY. Tharp, Charles D. Bloomsbury NEW YORK. Lafler, E. E Penn Yan. 15 NORTH CAROLINA. Banks, Charles . . Bernhardt, R. L. Brown, Fred Brown, Roy T... Cansler, E. T Cooper, G. T Gwyn, T. L Mann, J. B., jr. . Maim, Jno. B Mann, J. F Rice, J. Winston Wells, Otto Asheville Salisbury . . . Leicester — do Charlotte Whittier Springdale . . Canton, R. 1 Canton do...... Big Laurel.. Leicester 16 11 6 19 2 15 1 20 15 5 2 26 12 26 8 14 NORTH DAKOTA. Adcock, Wm Agnew, D. J Ahl, John Amenia & Sharon Land Co. Anderson, A. M Anderson, Austin Anderson, Chas Anderson, Elmer P Anderson, F. S Anderson, H. T Anderson, J. E Anderson, Olaf Anderson, O. M Anderson, Theo. S Andrews, F rank Angevine, A Archer, Ralph P Arnold, Ray Asbjornson, Hans AshwellBros Atherton & Devore Auka, Martin Aune, Jonn Axvig Alfred O Axvig, John Axvig, Mrs. Knute Axvig, Ole Baanna, Harold Back, Ole Bader, William Bailey, J. N Bairtsch, Chris Balder & Colony Baron, E. J Bartholmay, P. A Bass, J. E Beasley, Frank Beastrom, E. O Beck, Dan Beck, John A Belcher, G. W Bengtson, A Benson, Bernard Benson, W. N Berg, L. E Berge, E. B Bergsnor, Olaf Bergson, O. E Bergsrud, Andrew Berndt, Herman Bernson, George R Valley City . . . Wildrose Denhoff Amenia May ville St. John Amenia Maddock Leal Bisbee Maddock Grandin Milton Dazey Kenmare Marion Finley Ambrose Maddock Williston Devils Lake... I Bisbee Milton J Edinburg I do j Milton I do Maddock Bisbee Zeeland Bartlett Marion New Rockford McClusky Leonard . Greene.. . Fairdale Hazelton . Grandin . McClusky . Devils Lake.. . . Greene . Maddock . Sawyer . Bisbee . Cathay . Bottineau . Esmond do . Hankinson , Edinburg I 1 8 9 1 5 1 1 1 3 5 5 3 18 11 . 8 2 8 11 1 3 15 8 2 2 3 14 3 1 1 9 15 8 11 53 16 12 11 18 15 10 21 16 35 5 13 28 13 6 20 14 14 11 34 43 15 11 10 13 18 25 14 27 3 3 15 10 22 18 11 11 1 11 11 15 15 11 8 25 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List , 37 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN-Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Berthensen, H north Dakota — continued. Merrifield 10 13 20 15 20 Blumer, Paul W Walcott I Blumer, Wm Boeltoher, C. O New England. Borsinger, John Bisbee Braeside Hamilton Stork Co . Rugby 19 Braithwaite, Tom Esmond 14 13 14 Brakke, Albert Wild Rice Brakken, John Horace : Brandt, TV m. 9 Breileir, Fred Verona 11 23 9 27 21 24 17 13 18 15 Broe, H. G York 2 8 1 Brooks, C. E Temvik. Brown, M. J Brown, Mrs. R Devils Lake Brunesdale, G. E Mayville 1 14 i Bryant, W. L Budrow, Vere Greene Amenia . . Bultema, Harry j 4- 4 10 25 i Burleson, A. W Burgess, C. E Burk, A. T 2 Burk, John Juanita Clifford Burkholder, J. P 10 10 Burleson, E Kensal Byram, tV. C . Wheatland Crary 9 4 7 1 5 Calderwood, Geo 13 6 10 17 10 10 41 16 Calderwood, J. G . . Carlson, A. J. . . Wheatland Carlson, Alfred Lakota. . Castlemon, Bert Bantry Christensen, Knut Kensal . 10 6 Christenson, A Oakes Christianson, Ed Fargo Clevan, Mrs. T Landa . 5 Cockburn, W. C Webster 22 8 12 19 48 14 Coffev, J. A Jamestown 11 43 3 Cole, H. F.... McHenry Colebank Bros Brocket Collins, I. N Amenia Colwell, D. H Gardner 1 Colwell, S. P. . . do Cooper, H. J.. Hillsboro 10 Cooper, Wm.. Lakota 10 27 3 17 16 12 Cotner, J. W Flasher Coughlin, Mrs. G. j Councilman, John . . Columbus.. '. . . 8 Kensal Crow, L. J Goodrich. Cummings, F. H . . . Devils Lake... Curry, Sam.. . Mercer . . 9 15 Cuypers, Leo Dickey. . 23 19 10 12 9 12 16 2 19 15 8 Daub, Wm Enderlin Davidson, R. E . Bartlett. 2 Davis, S. S Starkweather . Dawson, C. B ... Guelph 8 5 De Haven, J. J Garrison . . De Haven, W. D DeMears, Frank Carpenter 9 DeNault, C. E Jamestown. Dermis, A. T Detwiler Bros Cooperstown 14 7 Didier, Joe Sanborn Dietlein, Peter Braddock . . 14 14 34 9 10 3 11 Discher, Fred Leonard. . 1 Dittman, C. F McGregor. .. Doyle, E. J Penn . . 7 5 12 4 7 . Dry burg, George Emerado.. Duffey, Bernard.. . Esmond Einerson, F. M Mountain Eisenlohr, F. L Havana Elton, Oscar Carrington . . 18 20 11 14 Enebo, J. H Pekin 1 Erickson, Andrew Esmond Erickson, E. A Portland 3 38 Department Circular lb 4, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- bred. Grade. Erickson, Jonas north Dakota— - continued. Kulm ; 16 Erickson^ Knute Petersburg 16 Erickson Bros . . . Bisbee 15 Eslinger, John. . Fredonia 31 Evans, 1. W. - Michigan 2 22 Eveningson, E. M . Casselton 5 9 Cando 17 1 Carrington 15 Milton 16 do 11 do 20 do 13 Edinburg 13 Flynn, Robt Fairview 15 Foster, R. C Williston 23 2 Verona 10 Braddock 5 11 Horace 10 Esmond 8 6 Carrington 3 23 Gabbard, P. O ... Amenia 10 Gedrose, T Cathay 9 20 Buchanan 17 Milton 15 do 1 22 Glasscock, N. J Watford City 13 GlenPeld Hardware Co Glenfield 10 5 Goldberg, J. H Horace 17 Goodman, Jonas Bantry 6 13 Goodrich, H. L. . . New Rockford 4 33 Graber, Jacob Mylo 17 Grahm, Ott. Crary 1 13 Graves & Co. Carrington 10 7 Gray, 0. B . . Page 11 Gronset, John . . Milton | 20 Gunhus, Edroy Edinburg 12 Hagen, Jver Rolla 16 Hamcs, Christena McClusky i 18 Hall, H. B . Sheyenne 2 11 Hallquist, P. P New Rockford 13 Halsten, Oscar Fargo 5 8 Halvorsen, Theo . Horace 11 Halvorson, H. L Minot 69 Halvorson, H. S McHenry 70 3 Hammer Bros Cooperstown 59 4 Hanks, J. J) Werner 22 19 Hansen A. H Fillmore 12 Hanson, Marcus P Towner 11 Harleman, T. E Driscoll 15 6 Harrington, H. G Page 6 Haselkaas, Hans Milton 28 Hector, M Fargo 34 Hedberg, S. A Donnybrook 13 Hedberg, Axel Carpio 10 Hellar, Ole & Christ Williston 21 Helgeson Carl Enderlin 15 Hellesvig J. M Maddock 4 19 Henderson, P. W' Enderlin 1 12 Herseth H 0 Milton 15 Hertwig Adolph Amenia 11 Herzberg yvm Valley City 16 Hcwson A M Wimbledon 1 10 Hicks L 0 Hickson 12 TTig gens Pa,u 1 Sarles 8 Hofstrand C. H Brinsmade 47 2 Hokanson A 0 Kensal 14 Holden Ole Hampden Devils Lake 21 Hollo Bros 19 Hollin Andrew Maddock 1 12 Holm Nels Kensal 6 Holm P K Pekin 5 30 Home J ohn 1 j Penn 5 21 Hoopc’s, W. E Carrington 1 17 5 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List . 39 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 ffro.de cuttle , showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. north Dakota — continued. Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- | bred. Grade. Hoopes & Sompson Hoover, John Horrock, Duncan Hovde, Ludvig O Hunter, Dave Hunter, W. A Huso, A. O Ingebo, A. O Ingles, John Ingulsrud, Ben Jackson, H. C Jacobson, Hilmar Jeardon, P. H ' Johanson, Ole Johnson, A. M Johnson, Arnold Johnson, B. P Johnson, C. A Johnson, C. O Johnson, Emil Johnson, Geo. P Johnson, J. C Johnson, Mrs. J. C Johnson, J. W Johnson, Martin Johnson, P. H Johnson, Peter Jones, John Jones, W. H Karkbraaten, El ling Ketwig, Mrs. C Kiblinger, J. A Kleppe.R. O K,lem, Roman Klipstein, A. H Kluck, Charley Knappe, Edward. .' Kolden, Peter J Kovar, A...-. Kops & Lehtinin Korn, Charles Komkven, Anton Kristenson, N. B Krokan, John Krook, R Kuch, John Kurtz Bros Kynoch & Young Lake, Henry Laleum, A. P Laleum, P. O. . Lamb, J. S Landsborough, H Larson, Carl Larson, Mrs. Lavinia Larson, L. J Larson, Nels L Laske, Carl Lebeck Dairy & Stock Farm Ledene & Lundquist Lee, James A Lee, J. A ’ Lees, Nor man Lees, Norman & Will Legge, Aaron Leonhardy Bros Letson, M. E Lichty, E. B Liebig, August Lien, O LindahJ, Harry ” . ” Lindstrom, John A Lindtwed, S. N Lizotte, Stephen Woodworth Petersburg. Milton McGregor . . . Esmond do Crosby Harvey Walhalla. . . . Milton Flasher Maddock. . . McClusky... Agate Esmond Fullerton North wood. Williston . . . McGregor . . . Amenia Fullerton . . . Mandan New Salem. Wild Rice.. Perth Jamestown. . McGregor... Garske Hunter Esmond Devils Lako . Oberon Kintyre Merricourt. . Menoken McClusky... Oakes Roseglen Flasher Lawton Marion Souris Bisbee do Fullerton. .. Driscoll Hazelton Perth Devils Lake. Maddock do Michigan Park River . . Greene Sheldon Bisbee Zahl Leonard Fair view Powers Lake Aneta Crary Buchanan . . . do Forest River. Williston Ellendale Cando Denhoff Bisbee Maddock Denhoff Milton Belcourt 14 1 1 18 11 4 1 15 12 1 1 7 1 10 1 3 5 1 9 8 10 7 3 9 9 18 8 18 20 3 11 23 1 6 10 19 11 13 17 11 23 15 14 10 12 13 3 21 13 30 7 4 25 10 27 12 .22 19 12 13 17 12 14 17 10 1 10 10 17 2 14 14 46 9 10 13 33 28 4 13 18 10 13 4 15 18 14 10 24 18 8 6 10 16 8 1 20 10 26 13 7 25 19 40 Department Circular 1M, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture . List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle on without Pure- bred. ice tested reactors. Grade. north Dakota — continued. Locken, Ingebright 1 11 1 n Lofland, M. L. A. Clifford 4 Long, John Page 1U 04 Lorentzen, Gustave Fillmore 4 *i 1 o Lorenz, Jos Nekoma ±4 11 Loudon, F. C 1 11 OQ Louski/j. D Kensal 45 1ft Luddeke, H Oriska 10 17 Luhman,' Geo 2 i / in Luhman, John F do . 5 1U IQ Lundeby^F. T Tolna 11 1 o 1 K Lunden^ Mans J Roseglen 3 ID 17 Lunden, John J do 1 19 Lvkken^ Hans 0 1 7 Lvkken, Joe O 1 / 1 1 Lykken^ Teddy 11 IQ 4 lo 1 A McConnell, H Bowesmont 10 1 1 McKay, Mrs. Norman Milton 11 in Wild Rice 1U 1 1 McKinny, L. C 5 A McLaurin, Herb 1 0 1 McLeod, I). M ID 1 ^ McLeod, D. S ID 14 McMillan, A McVille in McMurray, H. G Edmore . g 1U ii McRae, J. L Wat.ford City ■_ . 15 Major, Chas Hillsboro 20 9 Mandigo, W. W Braddock 1 4 9 n Mandy, John G Devils Lake 1 4\J Marcelin, George Olga 6 oo 15 Martin, C. B Lankin 7 Martin, Helen Halsted 1 1 1 Martin, L. H Wheatland 1 1 15 Martin, Moses Sykes ton 8 g Matheson, Peter Milton 16 Matthey, Chas Amenia 12 Maulsbv, Carl Sykeston 10 g May land, Edwin Fargo 13 Mennie, Earl Bottineau 34 Meyer, Henry Pingree 7 Midbo, John Edinburg. 12 Midbo, Oscar 13 Middlebrook, A. W Hanover 6 g Miller, H. H Fargo 11 Mitchell, D. C Courtenay 13 Moeller, Geo. P. & E. A Hettinger 9 3 Molitor, John - Brinsmade 10 Q Montgomery, Robt. A Harvey 12 Montgomery, W. A Fullerton _ ■ 3 23 Moore, C.S Hope 26 Moore & Graves Carrington •„ 10 Moris, George Pembina 1 11 Morrill, A. D Fairview 8 3 Morison, M. A Milton 2 10 Morrison, C. R Neche 1 10 Mosley, W. J Dickinson . . . 9 4 Mourn, Philip Buffalo : . 23 Multz, Frank C Bordulac 9 Munro, J. B Crary 2 12 Musser, R. E Burt 2 12 Myrvik, John Milton 11 Nagel, Peter Lankin 8 1 Nassett, John Esmond 1 13 Neibergall, John Amenia '. 10 Nelson, Abel Agate 15 Nelson, John K Bisbee H Nessett, J. O Sheldon 3 15 Neurn, F. E Dwight.. . 16 Newton, Geo. F Sheldon 3 10 Newton, D. O Grandin 11 Newton Bros Hunter ! 12 5 Nicolson, Neil Calvin... . 2 11 Nienas, H Thompson 2 13 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List . 41 List of once-tested herds of ?iot less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Cattle once tested without reactors. Address. Pure- bred. Grade. north Dakota— continued. Nook, Jos. F Nogosek, Frank Noon, Chas. W Noon, John H Norheim, Rasmus Norris, C. E Agricultural College North Dakota Silver Black vestment Co. Oakland, E. T Ocker, C. E O’Connor, Pat . Oglesby, Geo Okon, Peter Oliver, Herbert Oliver, R. E Olsen, W. T Olson, A. S. & P. J Olson, Nels P Olson, O. J Om, Fred Orness, John L Ostrom, Theo Otto, Oscar Ott, E. J Owen, Ole Parker, Geo Parry, R. J Parsons, J. C Paulson, Carl Paulson, Richard Pence, R. A Pennington, H. K Peterson, Albert L Peterson Bros Porter, Ira J Pottinger, C. L Poulson, Chas Prescott, Dave Priewe, Theo Prince, Edd Purfurst, H. F ! . Rambauglr L. E Redhohn, Fred Remington, George Renning, Hans Resser, W. C Reudleman, W. H Richards, Grant Richter, A. J Rivard, Olivia Roganaldson, Eric Roll, Andrew Rowland, R ’ Ruffcorn, W. E Sakerton, John Sammelson, Edward Sander, Mrs. Emma Sautebin, J. B Schaffer, Phil Schallem, A. V Seheer, H. C Schillinger, William Schmidt, G Schnetter, Wm Schoeler, Herman, sr Schoening, Herman Schroeder, Nick Seaman, H. E Sell, Will Seri, Andrew Shaw, W. B Shawver, E. C Fox and In- Lankin Kensal Wilton do Esmond Sheldon Agricultural College. St. John 6 5 5 17 6 8 18 7 15 16 28 10 22 3 4 Bisbee Amenia New Rockford Wimbledon Barton McClusky do Devils Lake... Grafton Braddock Esmond Oakes La Moure Skogmo Amenia Donny brook. . Minot Hillsboro Garske Sheldon Sterling Bisbee D ogden Milnor Powers Lake.. . Braddock Hoople Fillmore Bisbee Ross Amenia McClusky New Salem Kintyre Wimbledon. . . Amenia Maddock Fargo Beach Jamestown New Rockford. Wild Rice Enderlin Hamlet Esmond Arthur Flasher Horace Hatton Davenport Calvin Fort Rice Hamberg Russell... La Moure Penn Courtenay Flasher McClusky Mandan Amenia Velva Rhame La Moure 6 11 14 11 5 6 10 1 7 10 31 9 11 1 24 21 5 14 12 15 2 11 14 12 1 10 6 1 11 2 16 1 11 11 14 18 2 9 10 4 22 2 23 15 10 16 2 12 1 17 12 8 3 30 1 10 21 13 16 18 11 1 6 16 10 4 26 11 12 6 2 20 13 2 19 7 4 4 15 14 17 1 11 5 14 3 13 8 6 17 7 3 19 11 10 15 . 1 1 18 42 Department Circular lkk, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, shelving owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle on without Pure- bred. ice tested reactors. Grade. noeth Dakota — continued. Sheldon, W. A W oburn 10 Sheldon 18 Shelved L. K do 12 Lankin 5 Sheridan, J. J Jamestown. 10 Kramer 21 1 Siebert, W. B Greene 13 Fillmore 12 Slater, W. H Esmond 24 Maddock 4 io Smith, Chas Fargo .. 18 Smith & Shay Roseglen 14 Smith, W. A. & Sons Grafton : 7 19 Buchanan... 18 20 Maddock. 16 H an kin son 7 15 Stanley, M. A Kintyre 3 H Steer, W. J Mott. 8 Hamar 1 20 N ew R oclcf or d . 2 24 Stenehjeiri, Martin Amegard 10 2 Steig, B. I Esmond. 17 Steneroddon, Oliver Hickson 11 Stenslund, John L Edinburg 1 26 Maddock. 13 Stevens, Howard Esmond 10 Stevens, Will do 10 Steward, A. F Bottineau 9 6 Stokes, Solomon Cathay.. 2 15 Stonebeck, C. J McGregor 17 Strumdahl, J ohn Lakota 16 Sunby, Ed Williston 5 12 Svee, Thor Perth 15 Swanson, C. A... . Esmond 11 Swenson, S. 0. . . Aneta 5 Tait, Robert Bottineau 9 y Taylor, A. D Flasher 17 Telin, Peter McClusky i 15 Terwilliger, J. G Hankinson 18 Tew, Olaf W ahpeton 8 Tewksbury, M. K. Park River 2 11 Thompson, Estel Rugby 19 Thompson, T. A Milton 13 Thompson, Wm. L Hatton. 4 10 Thorn, Robert Jessie 12 3 Thorpe, S. H Enderlin 1 13 Timmerman, Plerman Amenia 17 Toay, M Jamestown... 18 3 Tollofson, Amt . . Esmond 11 Toso, Conrad . do 11 Transgrud, B. A . . . Mflnor 4 15 Trent, L. D Bottineau 5 6 Trugstad, Ed Milton 20 Turnbull, W. F ... Harwood 17 Twin Butte Stock Farm . Bismarck 22 Umsted, John. . Esmond 1 13 Unkenolz, W. R Mandan 8 5 Uriell, Ed. .. I-akota 1 12 V anerstrom, I) . A . . . Carpio 19 Van Vleet, Will .... Esmond 1 10 Veeder, Roy Mandan 1 17 Veeum, Knute Esmond 10 Vodden, John . . . Argusville 1 14 Volkmann, Rudolph Amenia 10 Wallrood, George A Pekin 16 Wallace & Baugh Carrington 21 Warddrip, Vernie Denhoff 1 21 Warne, O. A Driscoll 16 Watson, J. R . Wheatland . 11 Watson, C. . Sydney 7 17 Watson, W. W. Milton 10 Watt, Wm Leonard 5 W eik , R asmu s Oakes 10 White. A. H Kramer 13 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 43 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners, breeds , and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN-Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. White, Fred S White, G. A White, W. J Whiting, Robert Whitson, H. L Wibe, Oscar Wicka, Vince Willy, Albert Wiper Bros Woell.H. K Wold, Peter Wol forth, Frank Worley, G. P Wright, Don, & Son Young, W. M Zeigler, Frank Adams, Frank Ankney Bales, S. R Beatty, C. M Beecher, Daniel Bixby, George W Cahill, John Collins, J. E Denzer Bros Edwards, J. Wilson Ellis, H. B., & Son Folk;. H. C Floyd Fought Galbraith Bros Graham, John F Groves, D. F., & Son. . . . Heyman. Daniel Hiney, C. M., & Ray Hurst, Carl Hyslop, Wm. W Knulsen, Thos. C Kuhn, W. N Dance, Harry Manchester, €. 1 ^ . Miller, Lawrence Musser, Ward Mutchler, J. W Oglesbee, C. A " Oglesbee, Wayne Ream & Anson Reed, Guy Rexroth, J. N Shanks, Branson Simon, Chas. E Smith, Robert Tapp, Ernest Teegardin, C. B., & Sons Trietch, Adam Utendorff, J. H Verhoff, A. G Verb off, J. C " West, Roscoe L A. & M. College Allen, Lincoln B ... Arnold, V. J Aud, J. A Austbo, D. O Baugh & Peters Boles, W. S Bossart, T. C j Boorsina, Everett . ’ . Bradley, W. L Bright, Cecil north Dakota— continued. Amenia Portland -. Casseltun Carpio Drayton.. Bisbee Beach Esmond do * Casselton do Mount Carmel Pettibone Wahpeton Driscoll Amenia ’OHIO. Akron Xenia Jamestown Orient Waterville Norwalk Tiro Peebles Waldo Waynes ville Wilmington Louisville Albany Tippecanoe Damira Shelby Monroeville Wilmington. Williamsport Springfield Blaine Shelby Medina Canfield Marysville ! Marshall ville.. Rutland Spring Valley Jamestown Bowersville Napoleon Marion Jamestown Continental Ash ville. West Mansfield Duvall. . . 1 Continental Ottawa do ' do Hillsboro OKLAHOMA. Stillwater Guthrie Calumet ' ' . Waukomis Nash Douglas Enid Kremlin El Reno . do do re- ;d. I Grade. 16 | 9 12 14 3 6 € 12 10 14 4Q 17 21 4 16 16 5 13 60 4 15 10 18 5 15 4 14 1 3 2 11 3 .5 4 6 20 1 3 4 11 3 14 25 11 IS 2 7 2 23 U 12 5 8 11 4 14 7 18 3 12 3 4 14 5 12 2 9 17 ■ 1 45 2 7 5 12 4 11 1 2 17 27 2 7 2 19 3 4 8 ' 2 13 15 2 11 3S 3 25 5 1 11 1 21 10 7 20 3 39 7 32 3 17 22 21 20 44 Department Circular ib4, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners , breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle or without Pure- bred. ice tested reactors. Grade. Oklahoma— continued. Bright, H. M El Reno . 19 Britton, R. N 27 3 Burkes, J. F Arcadia 19 Campbell, A. B Geary 135 32 Campbell, J. W Enid. . 12 5 Calif, J. W g 9 Cash, Alice El Reno 32 Castle, A. L do 18 Cecil, Robert Calumet 16 Clement, C. C El Reno 13 Christmas, Arthur Jefferson 6 11 Corbin, O.' H El Reno 15 Copenbarger, H. C Geary, g 3 Coulter, Toni Enid 26 6 Cox, D.V.. . 18 Coward, J. H . . 17 Darling' C. L Enid 23 6 Davidson, Ray Pawnee 34 1 Dickens, W. A Duncan 21 1 Dickson, Otto E.. 7 9 Dowers, J. A . . Kremlin 15 9 Dennison, J. C El Reno 10 Eamhart, C. S Waukomis 26 7 Essary, L El Reno 14 Geary , W. C-. 5 9 Gibson, W. C Verden 12 1 Gift & Gift Waukomis 9 5 Hickman, J. T Temple 25 3 Hayes, E. E.. El Reno 36 Hilderbrand, H. C Bison 2 15 Honegger, A... . Kingfisher 6 14 Hopkins, C. M Calumet . . 41 Huchtman, Barnard El Reno 18 Humphrey, Neil Meridian 13 2 Hutton, W. I Calumet 20 Hyer, J. G El Reno 15 Kellogg, W. M Guthrie 1 46 Ketch, C. S... Kingfisher 10 7 Ketch, William... .do 5 2 Koerner, E. H. . El Reno 28 Lamumyon, D. J. Enid 23 3 Lizor, W. R . Douglas 5 12 Lcrenzer, W. L El Reno 40 Martin, Otto Enid 13 1 Mason, Earl. . El Reno 19 Mathers, O. C.. . . . do 13 McBride, L. T. . Calumet 27 McKinney, 0. R Marlow 40 Meirer, Thomas El Reno 49 Miller, Bros. Bliss.. 25 Millick, Mrs. S. P Lahoma 3 22 Mitchell, Morton.. El Reno 22 Mohinks, R. C.. W aukomis 6 5 Myer, H. D.. El Reno : 19 New land, Jesse. .do 34 Noel & Fraser. . Guthrie 20 Pazwald, Otto 0 El Reno 12 Peterson, Chas . .do 35 Rice, George .do 47 Rice, Mrs. T. B do 24 Riggs, Chester . Enid 7 3 Rinderhagen, J. D.. El Reno 1 26 Rodes, A. U Geary. 13 10 Rusmisel, A. F Drummond 15 20 Sutter, Frank J Enid.. 20 Swiggett, G. L Lahoma 56 2 Taggart Bros Wfl.nkfvmis . 29 Taylor, J. L Walters 17 1 Thompson, Wilton E Wa.tnnga - 23 2 Verges, W. H F.lRpnn 27 Von Tringlem, Fred do 37 Wade, A. I. & Son Douglas 31 4 Wagoner, E. D El Reno 29 Wagoner, J. B 49 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 45 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing oivners breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN — Continued. Name. Address. Cattle once tested without reactors. Oklahoma— continued. Pure- bred. Grade. Whistier Bros Wise, Steve Wire, Ira C Williamson, Melton J. Wright, W. C Ballou, Homer B Beauchamp, N. O .... Boyce, R. E Conley, Arch Cook, Clinton Cummings, Rodney B Cummings, W. O Dorrance, W. C Hempe, S. A . Riche v, O. M... Brown, Andrew Campbell, A. L Cheers, H. E Clark, R. S Cochran, Hugh Fox, J. Walker Fox, William R Harvey, B. O. & Son. . . Kling, E. W. & Sons... Lonclot, E. B McKean, Harry P . . . Miles, H. T Moose, M. G Montgomery, S. B Shaffer, Charles Shaffer, D. M Thompson, Sara & Nan. Wagner, C. G Watonga. . . El Reno Pond Creek Jet Calumet 14 6 OREGON. Boring Free water Baker Cove Murphy ’ Mount Vernon do ...... . Enterprise Union Boring 9 5 67 16 6 177 15 8 18 PENNSYLVANIA. Fayette City Titusville, R. 1, Meadow Brook Farm' Diamond, R. 1 Edinburg, R. 2 Centerville, R. 1 Enon Valley, R. 2... Poland, R. 1, Ohio Tryonville Orangeville Diamond, R. 1 Penllyn, Pine Run Farm. Titusville, R. 5, Side view Farm Volant, R. 3 Grove City, R. 16 Titusville, R. 5, Sugar Grove Farm . . . Apollo Pulaski, R. 62 Westford, Homestead Farm'. " 74 4 6 5 10 8 2 3 55 2 11 2 3 20 SOUTH CAROLINA. Henderson, W. N Ninety Six.... 4 2 Lancaster Mercantile Co.. Lancaster Alberts, George SOUTH DAKOTA. Groton Altfillisch, Otto De Smet 17 63 12 30 Barron Bros Elkton. . Brown, John Madison .... Brown, Wilson R ockham . . Buhr, H. C Andover . . Cleveland, H. A Hetland 1 Clocksen, Fred Groton 17 Conway, C. J Watertown Cook, Chas Corbin , H. W Wentworth . . . 16 26 1 25 1 1 3 9 Dement, Edd Chester Ehrenberg, F. J . . . Groton Eisenlohr, F. S . .. Emm en, George Fette, Ernest. Havana, N. Dak Andover Gamber Bros.. . Carpenter .... Grabinski, F. A . . . R ockham . . . Hanten, Harry B Watertown .... Hart, John Madison Heaviland, C. Earl Clark Johns, G. G De Smet. .. 6 4 15 Kroll, E. W Andover Lighthall, George do Little Eagle Sub-Agency Little Eaele Mallett, Harry W Andover Marston. I. E.. . Pierpont May, Richard Andover i 21 14 2 5 i9 69 ii 106 22 9 9 11 5 19 20 12 10 42 10 20 19 13 21 21 30 14 19 6 2 6 14 2 11 26 19 1 10 16 15 14 14 39 12 23 2 19 4 32 15 13 11 46 Department Circular lb 4 , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 'purebred oi 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued . SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. • ' | Address. 1 Cattle once tested without reactors. Pure- j bred. 1 Grade. south Dakota— continued. McCaskell, Fred De Smet 17 Mills, C. E Andover. 4 18 do 25 do E5 Groton 1 9 Andover 14 Pierpont 18 6 3 Andover a 10 Pierpont I 1 12 Rosholt | 10 8 Bijou Hill 33 4 Andover 13 do 1 2 j 19 do 21 Dell Rapids. 35 4 Buffalo Gap. 10 Groton. 13 Henry 1 11 Nunda 17 11 Tribley, S . . do 17 R ockham 2 4 Andover 1 15 do 14 TENNESSEE. A dams fr. Galbraith Harriman 9 3 Bright D. A Chuckey 15 5 Bright, R. W Telford 35 Brinkley, S. R Ashland City 3 9 Caldwell I>. M. & C. F New Market 20 2 Carson, C. B Limestone 14 4 Childers J. R Fayetteville. 25 5 Conger D. L do 49 9 Cunningham , E . C Clarksville 14 Denny, IV. H Gallatin.. „ 7 4 De vault H. M Greenville J 2 Mitchell S. F Limestone 13 Motlow F. W Lynchburg 26 6 Orr, Miss Etta. . Roan Mountain 14 18 Peck Joe H Jefferson City 11 Squibb, H. P. Limestone. 9 2 Smith, S. S. Whitesburg' 11 Smith, C. D . Memphis 19 Stone E. H Cumberland Furnace 12 2 Thompson, J. J., jr Paris. 7 5 Weeks, J. W Jonesboro - 23 2 Williams Bros Ashland City 12 2 UTAH. Adamson Peter Alpine. 11 Bennion Minor Co Salt Lake City 40 Bodily Fred Layton 6 28 Clark Jos. S Farmington 10 Crus Joe Helper 15 Cullimore W. J Linden... . 11 Featherstone Thos American Fork 12 Fowles Jos. II Hooper 13 Godfrey Sid Murray 17 Gillis Herman Provo 10 Harris E d Pleasant G rove 23 Harris Albert do 10 Hill A’. J Salt Lake City 17 Howard Bros. W oods Cross 23 Jarman Tom Pleasant Grove 14 Johnson A. W do 10 Johnson J S ProA r o 23 Joseph Harry Salt Lake City 25 Larsen Lewis Manti 30 Loosel, I. E . . . Provo 10 Marcroft J. A . Salt Lake City 29 Mozzell, J. H . Provo 11 N alder, S. H Layton 46 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 47 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle , showing owners breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued . Name. Address. Cattle on without Pure- bred. Utah — continued. Nelson, A. C., jr Ephraim. 9 QbertsJ Joe.. .” Helper . . . . Utah Agricultural College Logan 13 VIRGINIA. Allen, L. M Gaylord 24 Baird, A. V Delaplane Bromley, W. S Berryville 17 Brown, "John T Rural Retreat 7 Board, G. W C hristiansburg 4 Bryant, C. E Bridlecreek 31 Buchanan, J. A Saltville H Burwell, Geo. H Millwood Cather, Jno. C Winchester 41 Cloyd, D. M Blacksburg Coiner, H. E Swoope 41 Cox Bros Independence 22 Crabtree, Frank Dry den 5 Craig, C. G Craigsville- Crowglv, H. B Wytheville o 21 Crumme'tt, It. H Monterey g Flickwir, D. W.. . Roanoke 18 Garber, G. E , Bridgewater. . . 6 George, John R Broadford 18 Harrison, Fairfax Bel voir o Hicks. T. J Winchester Higginson, J. M Red Hill .... 23 Huddle, J. H Ivan hoe 7 Koontz, Rae T Lnray 51 Bogan, C. R Catlett Long, A. W Luray 11 McNeil & Quillen Jones ville 9 Martin, D. R W aynesboro Michie, A. R Charlottesville . Minton, W. D Jonesville 13 Moffett, R. W Mint Spring 16 Mooman, O. N Elliston Moore, S. H Stuarts Draft 10 Moore, S. L Lodi . . . Nestor, J. A. & Co Wyndale u 18 Payne, C. M Calverton Sanders, Marvin Chilhowie... 19 Showalter, Amos Riner 13 Thompson, T. J Swoope 21 Trumbo, Jacob I Calverton Umberger, C. B Wytheville 2 White, C. H j Linden 12 Wood, John W WASHINGTON. Conley, E. H Cheney Coyle Brothers Walla Walla >. Delaney, Henry j Starbuck 8 Greif, Carl A Union town 17 Griffith, S. R Cheney Harbert, J. W Walla Walla Hubbell, W. F Cheney McKay, James W Go van Miller, J. G Cheney Reeves, Frank & P. H. Miller Wenatchee 6 Smith, E.C Cheney Taylor, B. P Colville WEST VIRGINIA. Beiry, John Wheeling, R. 1 Billick, Geo. G West Alexander Pa 4 Eis, C. A Wheeling, R. R Fisher, Aug. H Elm Grove 4 Fisher, John Wheeling, R. R Frazier, M. H West Alexander, Pa R R 2 Grimes, W. H Elm Grove Johnson, M. A Sinks Grove 4 Johnson, W. B Fort Springs Grade. 6 33 17 19 15 18 I 20 3 25 *27 8 20 9 7 30 48 Department Circular ikk, U. S . Dept, of Agriculture, List of once-testtd herds of not less than 5 purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners ? breeds, and States in which located — Continued. SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. Cattle on without : Pure- bred. ce tested reactors. Grade. west Virginia— continued. Wheeling, R. 1 H McLaughlin, H. W Maxwelton 35 5 Tnadelphia, R. 1 11 Lewisburg 2 12 Steele WE.. Wheeling-Glenwood 11 West Alexander, Pa 13 Shepherdstown / 11 11 Wailis & Son G. W Hogsett 38 Triadelphia 19 Woodruff 1 C Dallas, R. 1 1 16 WISCONSIN. Arcadia 35 6 Clark Geo F Avalon 7 3 Collins P N River Falls 25 2 CnllmV Tho < ' C Kendall 16 Col lorn ore W A Ellsworth 7 7 Cross .T S Winniconne 24 • 2 Dwyer Jas Kendall 1 19 Fitzpatrick Chas Neenah 13 8 Gorham Leonard Viroqua. 19 Green PaulC Baraboo 4 13 Hadden James & Sons Janesville -• 10 22 Hooper W^ A Palmyra 14 13 Jenkins’, W.C Bangor 7 18 Johnson Gilbert Larsen 17 Kinney Bros Hudson 33 Kinney Mrs H . . .do 31 Ivlein, E R Fountain City 50 3 Lamb R W & Son Janesville 39 LEtnshcin ]Vf & Son Ellsworth 13 5 Lathers, John W Beloit 8 9 Marco G & Son La Crosse 40 3 Mattison Thos Blair 16 12 Niland Dominic Cylon 10 Fadden, A J ..... do 15 Havre D F ir Edgerton 20 3 OwV 1 'Vj XX . X • j J A - Skntley Bros * _ _ Sechlerville 16 7 Smith Eli Eau Claire 8 15 South worth B P La Farge 28 9 South worth G E doT 15 4 Taylor John R River Falls 13 29 "Wentworth Archie T farm No 1 Edgerton 22 6 Wputwnrth 4 rphip T farm No 2 do 8 33 VV t-ilL VY U1 LIIj ill tine x . y icu in i' v. a- - • - - - - * - Whelan & Everson Mondovi 13 5 Wi'llidTBQ Rrno Bangor 37 "W p.nd Tnhn Viroqua 27 Total (Shorthorn, United States). . . 19, 722 25,208 MILKING SHORTHORN. Bruington Bros Cole, A. T Collett, George W Cameron. Wheaton ILLINOIS. 41 2 36 OKLAHOMA. Edmond 20 . 5 VERMONT. Booth, Arthur E Burt, Craig O., Smith farm Burt, Craig O., home farm Cary, George C., Pine Lodgefarm Clement .William Folsom, D Holmes, Gerald Simpson, Arthur W Smith, George, Est Vergennes Stowe do St. Johnsbury do Waitsfield Barre Lyndonville. . Vergennes 12 30 23 28 25 47 56 35 15 12 Supplement 2 to Accredited-Herd List. 49 List of once-tested herds of not less than 5 'purebred or 10 grade cattle, showing owners , breeds , and States in which located — Continued. MILKING SHORTHORN— Continued. Name. Address. l Cattle once tested without reactors. | | Pure- bred. Grade. Ward, F.C., & Son Vermont — continued. Vergennes 25 15 22 Whitney, Frank W Salisbury Whitney, Fred C Total (Milking Shorthorn, United 162 287 States). i POLLED SHORTHORN. Booek. W. C., & Son ILLINOIS. Little York 38 5 10 16 13 1 Davis, M. F Polo... is 4 Gingrich, J. C Pinkstaff, C. H Pinkstafl. . . . Ginn, William H INDIANA. Delphi i 22 19 4 11 8 12 8 Kaiser, W. H., & Son Benell, J. A IOWA. Kalona Boise, Dr. C. L Dunlap 5 6 13 5 19 16 Shetler, John J Kalona, R, 1 Coke, C. Guthrie KENTUCKY. Auburn O’Donoghue, Tom : Hardinsburg McGaughey, R. H Herndon Guillaume, Anthony MINNESOTA. Caledonia Nelsen, Harry Glencoe 37 Huggins, W. T MISSOURI. Utica 17 11 22 2 24 1 41 32 37 18 13 Wenger, Ed Versailles. 2 3 28 1 12 16 Wenger Bros Cad w alder Bros NEBRASKA. Oxford Ketterer, John Bethany. . Rohn, A. C NORTH DAKOTA. Harwood Belau, Fred V SOUTH DAKOTA. Rockham Haven, F. G Mellette Mitchell McLaughlin, J. F 3 5 3 Wertz, Arthur Bancroft Gwaltney, L. H., & Son TENNESSEE. Hickman Total (Polled Shorthorn, United States). Total (all breeds, United States) 365 214 95,097 137,807 O AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND AS MARKETS FOR AMERICAN FRUIT SAMUEL B. MOOMAW Special Investigator and CAROLINE B. SHERMAN Scientific Assistant UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 145 Contribution from the Bureau of Markets GEORGE LIVINGSTON, Chief Washington, D. C. February, 1921 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND AS MARKETS FOR AMERICAN FRUIT. Description Methods of marketing domestic fruit. The export trade The import trade Fruit importation laws CONTENTS. Page. 2 3 4 5 6 Page. Methods of marketing imported fruit 8 Cost to A.merican shippers 10 Possibilities of increasing American trade. . . 11 Appendix 13 DESCRIPTION. Australia . — Australia is divided into three belts or zones, marked by broad climatic differences, the effects of which are perhaps more noticeable in the output of the orchards than in any other products of the soil. In these broad climatic zones there are, of course, numer- ous variations. In the southern belt, comprising Tasmania, the greater part of Victoria, and considerable parts of New South Wales, South Austra- lia and Western Australia, the climate is similar in many respects to that of southern France or northern Italy. There are the farms and the wheat fields and there the apple, pear, plum, and cherry flourish. Apples form the chief fruit crop and their production is increasing each year. The middle belt, comprising parts of all the continental States, was, with the exception of the coastal districts, devoted in the early days almost entirely to sheep stations or ranches, but is the natural home of the peach, grape, fig, and olive. In the northern belt, comprising the Northern Territory and the northern parts of Queensland and Western Australia, the inland dis- tricts are mainly occupied by cattle runs, while in other parts the mango, pineapple, coconut, and banana thrive. A great increase in its production of tropical and semi-tropical fruit during the next few years has been predicted. New Zealand . — Fruit growing in New Zealand is still a young industry. With the general development and progress of the country, however, the production of fruit has begun to increase in impor- tance. Especially has this been true during the last few years. New Zealand has a great variety of temperate climate and a fairly well and evenly distributed rainfall, making it possible to raise almost any kind of fruit that can be grown in the temperate zone. The mountain val- leys have a hot summer heat that will ripen fruit to perfection. Much 2 15576°— 21 3 Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. of the poor clay land in the Auckland district, hitherto considered almost useless, has been found to be well adapted to fruit growing. Value of fruit crops. -The World War and the consequent lack of ships for transportation have had a retarding influence on the de- velopment of the fruit industry in both Australia and New Zealand, although for many years the tendency has been toward a general increase in the production of fruits. This increase was most marked in Victoria, where 27,864 additional acres were laid out in fruit culti- vation during the last 10 years. In Tasmania and Western Australia also, the acreage in fruit was greatly enlarged owing principally to extensive plantings of apple trees with a view to the possibilities of selling the fresh fruit in English markets. The value of the fruit crops of all kinds in the whole of Australia in 1917 was $16,921,808. METHODS OF MARKETING DOMESTIC FRUIT. Most of the domestic fruit is sold through the city markets by wholesale, consignment, or auction, but some is retailed through market stalls. Many of the large markets are municipally owned or controlled. In Queensland and in New Zealand some fruit is sold to canneries and preserve factories, a part of the output of which is some- times exported. Some sales of fruit are made direct from producer to consumer, especially in New Zealand, where the Government has facili- tated such sales by the “ fruit by post” system. Cooperative market- ing societies are found m parts of Victoria, in Tasmania, South Australia, and Queensland. In New Zealand the Government has assisted cooperation among fruit growers in the form of its New Zealand Fruit Growers’ Federation (Ltd.) by issuing an orchard tax act of 1916, which provides for the levying of a minimum tax of $0.24 and a maximum tax of $0.61 per acre on commercial orchards the proceeds to be paid over to the Fruit Growers’ Federation and to be expended m any of the fruit-growing industries. The act is to remain in force until 1921. The earlier practice of grading apples in Australia and New Zealand related particularly to size, but in recent years the influence of methods in use in the boxed apple districts in the western United States has been felt. In Australia the various States make their own fruit-grading laws. The Victoria fruit act of 1917 authorizes the Governor in Council to make regulations fixing s andaros for fruits and vegetables based on size, quality and color. le Tasmanian authorities have also issued regulations regarding the export of fruit in which are incorporated grades very similar to those in effect m New Zealand, described below. In New South Wales the grades Extra Fancy, Fancy, and C are also in use, at least to some extent. The New Zealand Department of Agriculture in its rco-u- iatmns issued new provisions of the orchard and garden disease act which provided for three grades of apples-Extra Fancy. Fancy 4 Department Circular 1^5, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. and C. These grades are based on size, quality, and color, the speci- fications following closely those in use in the northwestern section of the United States. The disposal of a part of the crop through dried, canned, and pre- served fruits, including jams, has increased in recent years in both Australia and New Zealand, as a result of the extension of fruit growing and the demand for jams for military use. THE EXPORT TRADE. Australia . — In the years preceding the European war Australia was developing an increasing export trade in fresh fruits of all vari- eties, especially with its neighbor colony of New Zealand and the ports of the mother country. Naturally the decreased shipping incident to the war makes a comparison, such as statistical tables might ordinarily furnish, untrustworthy. Nevertheless the Ameri- can shipper may be interested to have the figures furnished by the official Australian returns at hand, and for this purpose Table II is given in the appendix. This table shows the average of exports of fruits for the years 1912 and 1913. Prior to the war, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania had limited export industries but these suffered consider- ably during the war period. In some cases the increased foreign demand for preserved fruits and jams seemed to counteract to a cer- tain extent the effect of the decreased export trade for fresh fruits. The principal ports of Australia are Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Fremantle, Newcastle, Hobart, and Port Darwin. All of the principal harbors of Australia are under the control of harbor boards that decide upon the improvements and the development of facilities. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales, situated on Port Jackson, is the largest city and is the receiving port for all the inland towns of New South Wales. All the main railways of the State converge there because of the depth of the harbor and its excellent dock facilities and capacity for shipping. The tonnage cleared from Sydney each year far exceeds that of any other city in Australia. The produce of inland districts is sent by rail to Sydney for marketing or export. The network of railways in Victoria connect at Melbourne and make it a considerable distributing center. Much has been done for the improvement of its docks and wharves. Hobart has an excellent harbor, the best in Australia for deep-draft ships, with good dock facilities and carries on a noteworthy trade in fruit exporting. In prewar days Hobart was in direct steamship com- munication with London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull, Hamburg and other European ports, and with South Africa during the fruit export season. Fruit for South American ports was sent to New Zealand for transshipment. 5 Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. New Zealand . — The export trade of New Zealand is in its infancy, but fruit has been sold either direct to buyers overseas or on con- signment through the New Zealand Government with a guaranty of a minimum price by the Government. During recent seasons the New Zealand market has been greatly assisted and regulated by a limited export trade with South America. Apples are packed and graded under Government supervision, with very satisfactory results, so that the prospects for an expansion of this trade are good. It is thought, however, that in view of the greatly increased number of orchards neither the local market nor the South American market will absorb the amount of fruit available for the next few years. Hence, orchard instructors have recommended the planting of apples and pears suitable for export to the markets of the Northern Hemi- sphere and have issued lists of varieties favored. The difficulty of obtaining freight space under war conditions checked the growth of exports, but with a return to normal freight condition and sailings the effect of the Government recommendations undoubtedly will be apparent, and the export trade in fruit may be expected to receive a noteworthy impetus. Official figures, showing the quantity of fresh apples and pears exported from New Zealand in the years 1912 and 1913, have been averaged in Table III. The extensive coast line and the numerous harbors of New Zealand facilitate traveling and distribution of goods by sea, and coastal steamers are much used in connection with both exports and imports. The principal ports are Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dune- din, and Invercargill. Auckland has probably the best dock facili- ties in New Zealand, while those of Wellington are very good. THE IMPORT TRADE. Australia. Notwithstanding the extent of fruit raising within her boundaries, Australia imports no inconsiderable quantities of both fresh fruits and dried, canned, and preserved fruits. Fresh fruits are imported especially in off seasons, and the preserved fruits are brought in to supplement the shortage of such supplies. i ictoria imports chiefly bananas from the Fiji Islands, oranges and lemons from the United States and Italy, and apples from the Dnited States and Canada. Queensland receives prunes, dried peaches, and dried apricots from the United States, apples from the United States and Canada, figs from Asia Minor, dates from the Persian Gulf and North Africa, and nuts of various kinds from Europe, CalLornia, and South America. New South WAles imports chiefly apples and oranges. South Australia imports dried fruits, principally French prunes in jars, shelled and unshelled almonds from Europe, evaporated figs, prunes, and apricots from California, and 6 Department Circular U5, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. dried figs and dates from Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Very little fruit of any kind is imported direct into Tasmania, but imported fruits are received there from other States, chiefly from New South Wales and Victoria. The imports of fruits of various kinds into the Commonwealth of Australia in the calendar years 1912 and 1913 have been averaged in Table IV. New Zealand . — The most promising outlook for imported fruits in New Zealand at present is for canned, dried, and preserved fruits; but there will always be a market for those fresh fruits which can reach New Zealand in the off season. The figures in Table V give the fruit imports of New Zealand averaged for the years 1912 and 1913. FRUIT IMPORTATION LAWS. Australia . — All fruit imported into the Commonwealth of Austra- lia is subject to the provisions of the quarantine act of 1908-1912 with regard to freedom from disease. Where imported goods are found to be diseased, the affected portion may be exported beyond the Commonwealth, provided the packages are plainly marked with a true description of the goods and the name of the country where they were produced. The principal Australian law affecting the importation of fruits is a proclamation which appears in the Commonwealth Gazette, No. 38, dated March 26, 1919, under the quarantine act 1908-1915, which pro- hibits the importation of citrus plants (including citrus fruits) into Australia from any part of the world in which citrus canker or Jap- anese canker exists. This regulation was modified by a proclamation under the quarantine act, dated July 15, 1920 (Commonwealth Ga- zette, No. 60), so as to permit the importation of citrus fruits from California and Arizona, subject to the condition that each consign- ment is accompanied by an official certificate dated and signed by a responsible officer of a Government department of the country of origin, giving the name of the State in which it was grown, identifying the fruit, stating the quantity, and certifying (a) that the fruit was grown in the State specified, ( b ) that citrus canker does not exist in the said State, and (c) that the consignment is free from citrus canker and from all other diseases. A proclamation dated July 19, 1917 (Commonwealth Gazette, No. 14), prohibits the importation of apples unless the consent in writing of the Minister of State for Trade and Customs has first been ob- tained. This amounted practically to a total prohibition, since it was extremely difficult for shippers to obtain transportation so far ahead as to be able to receive the written consent of the minister from Australia before shipping their goods. This proclamation was Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. 7 modified by a proclamation effective May 19, 1920, under which the import prohibitions relating to apples ceased to operate. Under the Commonwealth quarantine act of 1908-1915 the impor- tation into Western Australia of apples, pears and quinces from any part of the world except the other States of the Commonwealth is prohibited. Under this act also the removal of apple, pear, and quince trees from any other Australian State into Western Australia and the removal of grapevines or any parts thereof from the States of New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland into the States of South Australia and Western Australia is prohibited. By the same act total prohibition also exists against the importa- tion into Western Australia of walnuts shipped from or grown in California. However, by a special exemption, fruit or vegetables to be used solely for food may be imported into Western Australia at ports north of Geraldton, a coastal town lying about 300 miles north of Perth. The fact that any ports lying north of Geraldton would be in the Tropics and therefore unfit for apple or pear growing is probably the reason for the exemption. Rules in regard to trade descriptions are also important. Regu- lations under the commerce act of 1905 provide that in the case of articles used for food by man there shall be applied to the goods, or where affixture to the goods is impracticable, to the coverings con- taining the goods, a notice giving a true description of the goods as well as the name of the country or place in which the goods were made or produced. New Zealand . — Any fruit other than grapes, which may be imported from Australia alone, may be introduced into New Zealand, provided every shipment of fruit is accompanied by a certificate, signed by the shipper, giving the shipping marks and the number of packages of each class shipped under each mark, the name of the grower, the locality, country, or place of growth, and attesting that no species of fruit fly is known to exist in or within 1 mile of the orchard where such fruit was grown and that the fruit is contained in clean new packages not previously used for any purpose. Another certificate must be inclosed, signed by an officer of the Department of Agricul- ture or other department relating to horticulture in the country where such fruit was grown, to the effect that the fruit shipped is clean and free from disease and that no species of fruit fly is known to exist in or within 1 mile of the orchard where such fruit is certified by the shipper to have been grown. The Agricultural Department in New Zealand examines all imported fruits free of charge, destroying whatever is affected with such dis- eases as codling moth, black spot, and fruit fly. To make this exami- nation effective, the ports of Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton, Dune- din, and The Bluff are appointed to be the only ports of entry for fruit. 8 Department Circular 145, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. METHODS OF MARKETING IMPORTED FRUITS. Australia . — Practically all fruit from California and the Northwest coming into the Australian markets has been handled hy one firm. Its representative operates on the Pacific coast, buying the fruit either direct from the grower or from an association, the terms usu- ally being f. o. b. shipping point. This firm has practically had the control of the import fruit trade, as it has contracted for all the refrigerators of one steamship line and also for a large proportion of another company’s cool-room accommodation. With these advan- tages, the association holds a strong position in the market and obtains high prices, for the Sydney public at least, will pay high prices for first-quality product. Some space on one steamship company’s liners has been used by other importers, but the space allotted is small. Again, some con- signments have been carried on deck, but they rarely arrived in good condition. At the markets the fruit is sold hy a commission agent or by the Australian Fruit and Produce Association to the retailer. Sometimes another middleman enters, when fruit is bought to sell to the retailers in the country towns, and there are also times when a commission agent will buy from the association to sell again, but in most cases its course is from the grower to the middleman, to the retailer, to the consumer. Sydney is the center for the marketing of American fruits, as all boats coming from America equipped to carry fruit make Sydney their terminus, and fruit destined for other ports must be trans- shipped. It is considered that the Fruit Exchange, Bathurst Street, Sydney, constitutes the leading fruit market. This exchange han- dles the bulk of the good fruit sold in Sydney. The markets of this exchange are owned and controlled by a company composed princi- pally of fruit growers and fruit merchants. Some of the fruit merchants operating in the Fruit Exchange buy the best grades of fruit from the agents and send it out into the country districts. These merchants must have the very best grades, as transportation to the country is likely to be slow, and the handling of perishable articles is of the poorest. The pack of the American fruit is so superior to the Australian pack that merchants prefer to pay as much as $1.20 per case more for American fruit for the sake of getting it to its destination in good condition. They have tried to import American apples direct, but owing to their inability to obtain refrigeration their efforts were unsuccessful. The municipal markets, Haymarket, Sydney, retail both vegeta- bles and fruit and also do a wholesale business, but buyers of special lines are rather inclined to give their attention to the Fruit Exchange. 9 Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. The markets are owned and controlled by the City Municipal Coun- cil, and the allotments of space cost more than at the Fruit Exchange. The municipal markets are comparatively new buildings, specially built for the purpose of their present use, and are in fairly close proximity to the railway station. The methods of marketing vary little in the other States of the Australian Commonwealth, but as Sydney is the import center more attention has been paid in this report to its markets. New Zealand . — There are about 26 fruit-importing firms in New Zealand, distributed among the provincial districts. The importers deal direct with American merchants. In making importations fipance is usually met by an advance of a letter of credit on presenta- tion of shipping documents in America, at per case or as arranged. Most of the American merchants prefer to sell outright, with pay- ment when shipment is made, but complaints have been made by importers in New Zealand that this method presents too much opportunity to the unscrupulous few. In some cases these importers handle the fruit on consignment, paying the American shipper pro-forma payment on all consignments and then selling the fruit privately and by auction, a large quantity going to retailers. All of the importers are willing to do this class of business. Imported fresh fruits are almost exclusively dealt in by fruit brokers on consignment. Sometimes several will place a combined order. Commissions vary from 7 to 10 per cent, but the most usual is 7\ per cent. The margin of profit for fruit importers is always fixed by supply and demand. When fruit is bought by agents in America it is paid for before shipment, but if shipped on consignment, the consignors usually draw for a proportion of cost, and the remainder is settled by bank draft after the fruit is disposed of. It is generally believed that two firms practically supply the whole of New Zealand and arrange with the principal firms in each main center to sell at a fixed price, which plan works smoothly until some unexpected circumstance upsets demand and causes the fruit to be sold by auction at the retail buyers' idea of value, often showing heavy losses to shippers or buyers, as the case may be. There is a very loose organization between the different importers in New Zea- land, but it seems to have no effect upon the import trade. Not many wholesale fruit dealers operate in New Zealand. Auck- land contains about 250 retailers and probably about 10 wholesalers, some of whom handle retail fruit as well. The facilities for doing business are those usual in this country for retailing any other com- modity, and little is done to promote sales and market development work. 10 Department Circular lk5, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. COST TO AMERICAN SHIPPERS. A thoroughly useful discussion of costs of exporting fruits to these countries is not practicable, since the only available figures are pre- war or relate to times of abnormal conditions. However, a few illlus- trations are given as possible bases for estimates. Australia . — Freight rates per ton for fruit carried as ordinary cargo by water between Melbourne and other Australian ports varied, in 1917, from $3.41 to Sydney to $17.35 to Port Douglas and Cook- town. Railway freight rates from Melbourne to various inland towns varied from $1.38 for fresh fruits and $4.93 for dried to Hamil- ton (43 miles) to $6.54 and $32.69 to Mildura (351 miles). In addition to the ordinary transportation charges for fruit im- ported into Australia there must be added the charges for dockage, lighterage, transshipment dues and conveyance to the ultimate mar- kets of distribution. These expenses vary with the different fruits. For apples imported through Sydney and Melbourne such dues and charges are about as follows : Coastal rates of freight . From Sydney, New South Wales, to — Per ton of 40 cubic feet in dollars. From Melbourne, Victoria, to— Per ton of 40 cubic feet in dollars. Mnlhny'rno Vietorlfl 3.41 Sydney, New South Wales 3. 41 5. 17 Brisbane, Queensland 7.37 Brisbane, Queensland A /lAlairlo Smith A nctTollfi 5. 54 Adelaide, South Australia 3. 41 A lV\onxr WT act orn A nctrfilip 11. 81 Albany, Western Australia 9. 31 iVl Dally , VV t/blvl 11 U.O II dl Id . Fremantle, Western Australia 11.81 Fremantle, Western Australia 9. 31 Dock dues (wharfage) at Sydney on direct importations not intended for transshipment are 73 cents per ton of 40 cubic feet. If transshipped within 48 hours the fee is 12 cents additional; if transshipped after 48 hours, 24 cents additional. Cartage for a double or pine case is 4 cents; for a bushel case 3 cents; for a half- bushel case 2 cents. At Melbourne apples discharged in River Yarra are assessed a fee of 27 cents per ton of 40 cubic feet or 1.5 cents per case. Dock dues on direct importations not for transshipment, or if transshipped within 48 hours, are 80 cents per ton; after 48 hours of discharge the fee for transshipping is 24 cents, and an additional wharfage charge is made at final destination. Cartage per ton of 40 cubic feet at Melbourne is 60 cents. At Melbourne there is also a small lighterage fee: Overside minimum of 50 tons (thus saving sorting and packing charges), 72 cents; from wharf minimum of 25 tons, 84 cents. New Zealand . — American fruit is imported into New Zealand through the San Francisco Mail Service direct to Wellington, and to Auckland direct from Vancouver via the Canadian Mail Service. Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. H Wellington is connected with other coastal points, including Lyttelton, Auckland, Gisborne, Napier, and Dunedin, by both rail and steamer. The frequency of service varies and of course was somewhat irregular during the war. Fruit reaching New Zealand from the Pacific coast is usually landed at either Auckland or Wellington, and the rate of coastal freight from either of these places to the other main ports, Lyttelton, Dunedin, or Napier, is approximately $4.87 per 40 cubic feet. Har- bor board transshipment charges depend upon the length of storage time incurred, but may be reckoned at about $1.22 per 40 cubic feet. There are no arrangements for booking fruit through to inland points but if transshipments are required there will be a further charge for cartage of about $1.22 per 40 cubic feet, which will include cost of loading into railway trucks. The rates from the Pacific coast to ports of call in New Zealand have varied considerably. Before the war they stood at about $15 per 40 cubic feet, but since then they have advanced in proportion to the ruling rates on general cargo. For the season of 1919 the “cold storage” rate was fixed at $40, and the rates for “on deck” and “ 'tween deck” shipments were the same as the current general cargo rates. POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASING AMERICAN TRADE. The trade with Australia and New Zealand has reached its present dimensions largely because the exporters have faithfully endeavored to ascertain what Australia and New Zealand required and to dis- cover and strengthen the weak links in the business. Every effort should be made to continue the trade on this basis. Australia . — To develop the fruit trade with Australia much further it will be necessary for American growers to get into closer touch with the wholesale market men and to ship on consignment, thereby con- verting a narrow channel into a much broader one and effecting a more direct and less expensive method of marketing. There are many limiting factors which should be carefully con- sidered in connection with the development of this trade. One of the most serious is the present limitation of shipping facilities and the fact that space suitable for shipping fruit in this trade is practically all held by contract by one or two parties. Development of such facilities is one of the most urgent needs of the industry. There has been a natural restriction on the American-Australian fruit trade because the Australian importer has had to figure his purchase profit based upon landed cost per case and has had to limit speculations in order to make this profit secure. The fact that fruit must be delivered in refrigerated chambers at certain seasons only, and the disinclination of American producers to consign fruit 12 Department Circular lk5, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . except upon a straightout purchase have been other limitations. Practically the whole of the business between Australia and the United States has been on an f. o. b. basis, the shippers drawing against bank credit at port of shipment. These terms would be satisfactory if shippers always carried out their part of the contract according to instructions, but some Australian firms have lost large sums of money because instructions regarding varieties, sizes, and other requirements have not been observed by shippers. The grading and packing of American fruit as received in Australia are excellent, but to conform to Australian grading laws the fruit must be marked A, B, or C, according to size and quality. Australian quarantine legislation also demands rigid inspection and certification of fruit. At present only small shipments of fruits other than navel oranges, mandarins, lemons, and apples are recommended for Australia, and American fruits are allowed on the market only when there are no local deciduous or citrus fruits available. (See Table YI.) Sydney and Brisbane offer better opportunities for American fruits than Melbourne under present conditions. American apples almost al- ways arrive in good condition, when shipped by steamers suitable for fruit carrying; they are well graded and of fine color. Oranges are shipped annually from California in November and. find a ready market, but pears prove a very risky importation. Of the dried fruits, prunes, and apricots from California arrive in good order, but are considered inferior in size and quality to the locally grown fruit. Figs from America usually arrive in a more or less acid condition. Bottled olives are first class in every way. New Zealand . — In New Zealand, especially, American apples find a ready sale, as they can arrive there only during the off season and the more farsighted producers are opposed to placing any embargo on imported fruit. Prospects are good for the increase of American apples in New Zealand if they can be landed from the Northern States, but at the present time Canada has preference on the mail steamers. The best varieties of apples for the New Zealand market are King David, Jonathan, Esopus (Spitzenberg), Winesap, Missouri Pippin, Yellow Newtown (Newtown Pippin), McIntosh, Salome, and Delicious. A certain quantity of oranges and lemons will always be required, the home-grown lemon being very inferior at present to imported varieties. Grapes have so far proved unsatisfactory, owing to the dis- tance to be carried, but if means can be found of landing them in a marketable condition they should find a ready sale. The grape- fruit probably has the greatest opportunity, for although at the present time it is practically unknown in New Zealand, it seems likely to become popular. Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. 13 The best grade and pack is essential for the New Zealand market. As regards size, apples should run from 150 to 225 and oranges from 126 to 250. The present case used for apples is suitable, but it is thought that a pack half the size of the case used at present for oranges and lemons could compete more readily with the Italian case. Dried, canned, and preserved fruits will probably always command a market in New Zealand, and it seems probable that the United States will continue to hold first place, although with the growth of the home industry the demand for American products is likely to decrease, and there will probably be keen competition with Canada. It is to the New Zealand of the future, of course, that American exporters should look rather than to the actual market of the present. With the gradual opening up of the country by settlement and in- creased transport facilities, and particularly with the growth of mutual understanding and friendly feeling between the two countries, a closer trade union between America and New Zealand seems certain. Both Australia and New Zealand will offer promising fields for publicity campaigns with the usual tools of educational folders, posters and one or two agents, as rapidly as increased shipping facilities and a more definite policy regarding restrictions make it possible to fill an increased demand for fruit. APPENDIX. Table I . — Production of fruits in the Commonwealth of Australia . 1 [Average of 1914-1917.] Fruit. Unit of measure. New South Wales. Victoria. Queens- land. South Australia. West Australia. Tasmania. Total. 2 3 4 Apples Apricots Bananas Bushel... ...do Bunch. .. 515,228 72,472 1,360,531 194,318 35,458 3.667 1,106,968 422 24,743 6,960 505 11,848 86,401 3.668 2,541 287, 566 5, 231 46,027 54,110 3,196 945 869,668 9,929 486 129,823 408,730 129,203 436,797 28,404 3 2,440 1,651,447 72,876 4,410,001 501,045 Cherries Coconut Bushel... Dozen . . . 54,749 62,272 26,185 5,527 149,207 24,743 6,960 87,980 328,561 86,469 24,307 Custard ap- ples Bushel. . . Figs Lemons Mangoes ....do.... do — 5,262 210,130 63 (<) 3 7, 118 853,530 55,170 3 5 6 455,943 132, 227 5, 832 4, 156 117,769 36, 268 21,286 59,071 11,966 21,781 48,961 25,731 Nectarines . . . Nuts Pound. .. Bushel... do 7,774 90,893 68,880 9,143 468, 460 101,487 i 2,865 Oranges Passion fruit . 137,022 1,448,485 69,544 Pawpaws Peaches Pears Persimmons.. Dozen Bushel... ....do.... ....do.... 456,278 554,873 102,596 101,121 74,586 71,929 6,727 161,376 1, 150,350 1,024,823 6,777 873,824 539,011 156,352 39,066 463,251 Pineapples. . . Plums Quinces Raspberries.. Strawberries.. Dozen ... Bushel. . . ....do.... 100 lbs... Quart 228,023 71,203 4,847 197,811 88,490 29,843 2, 252 70,560 48,307 9,773 23,107 46,346 8,625 31,967 41,950 1 Australia. Bureau of Census and Statistics. Production Bulletin, Nos. 9, 10, 11. 2 The totals include the following average amounts of fruit produced in Federal Territory: 1,810 bushels of apples, 105 bushels of apricots, 52 bushels of cherries, 110 bushels of peaches, 101 bushels of pears, 147 bushels of plums, and 154 bushels of quinces. 3 Bushels. 4 Included with peaches. 3 Includes nectarines. 14 Department Circular ib5, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table II . — Exports of fruit from Australia . 1 [Average for 1912 and 1913.] Exported to — Fresh fruits. Dried Fruits. Apples. Citrus fruits. Pine- apples. Other fresh fruits. Raisins, Sultanas. Raisins, other. Currants. Other dried fruits. Boxes . 2 749, 228 Pounds. 11,600 Boxes. 3 1 Pounds. 1,982,250 Pounds. 486, 679 4 116, 760 Pounds. 468,080 4 165, 816 Pounds. 90, 994 76,720 Pounds 105, 962 Canada... ..7 Ceylon 4, 832 1,656 852 9,610 11, 758 3,353 11,365 369 9,938 4,239 174,352 609 2,885 2,081 41, 162 22, 213 35, 832 8,190 2,051 86, 800 43,350 8,000 12,050 1,319, 150 47, 150 35,400 9,450 4 49, 600 Fiji Islands 1,753 Hongkong India 4 2,600 162,757 New Zealand 3,204,250 6,865 420, 261 44,418 178, 390 Straits Settlements Union of South Africa. . . Other British colonies. . . Belgium 62,077 4 3, 456 71, 662 4 4, 062 j 57, 958 3,117 & 59,360 10,550 52 Denmark Germany 519,550 Italy Sweden Philippine Islands 4 11,400 23,350 Argentina Brazil Uruguay East Indies 86, 650 4 36, 600 6 56 5 168 5,330 2,004 Other countries 4 5, 700 52 7,580 4,482 Exporting States. New South Wales 17,807 299, 513 52 84,823 43 205 651, 220 2, 770,350 461, 400 1, 150 12,000 5,801 1,066 3 1,090,050 1,471,250 1,650 260,550 444,200 77, 125 839,080 284 121,328 88, 161 250,482 138 336,853 28 104,478 185,776 231 121,804 13,205 152, 992 378 100, 168 14 46,412 Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania 979,400 i ! Table III . — Exports of fruits (fresh apples and pears) from New Zealand . 6 [Average for 1912 and 1913.] Exported to— Boxes. Exported to — Boxes. United Kingdom 4,117 5 81 5 1,408 114 9, 787 Uruguay 5,883 97 102 4 184 13 United States Friendly Islands Canada Navigator Islands Fiji Islands Brazil Argentina All other countries Australia. Bureau of Census and Statistics. Trade, Customs and Excise Revenue, 1912 and 1913. - Converted to United States equivalents on the basis'that 1 box is equal to 50 pounds. 3 Converted to United States equivalents cn the basis that 1 box is equal to 80 pounds. 4 1913 only. 5 1912 only. Dominion of New Zealand. Statistics, 1912 and 1913. 15 Australia and New Zealand as Markets for Fruit. Table IV. — Imports of fruits into Australia . 1 [Average for 1912 and 1913.] Imported from — Dried fruits. Fresh fruits. Raisins, Sultanas. Raisins, other. Dates. Currants. Other dried fruits. Apples. Citrus fruits. Bananas. United Kingdom.. Canada Pounds. 1, 158 Pounds. 28, 044 Pounds. 939, 774 Pounds. 5,034 Pounds. 235, 922 3 19, 150 100, 176 4 6, 833 3 14, 455 Boxes . 2 3 4 Pounds. 31, 247 Pounds. 14, 510 Hongkong 24, 726 183, 161 Egypt..... 3 93 34, 662 520, 454 India Fiji Islands 1 22, 308 24, 437 23, 693 30,274,850 New Zealand 5,058 7,028 Straits Settlements Java 286 4 224 34,650 145,050 Aden 4 546, 828 7,965 1, 204, 809 2, 144, 299 Other British colonies 1,237 56 3 18,101 Arabia 4 4, 217 218, 416 34, 770 2,785 73, 509 29,086 24, 398 2,811 65, 415 1,050, 811 Asia Minor 29, 196 3, 776 41,386 Belgium China 120 32,260 4 95, 577 1.926 France 8,463 4 3, 438 3, 499 50,399 7,117 20, 727 15, 149 Germany 4 11, 674 3 5, 683 Italy 4 9,964 2,944,649 Spain Turkey 313 377, 704 4 51, 918 1, 179, 582 United States 80,366 117, 126 Persia Greece 3,199 3 13, 367 134, 886 4 93 Other countries . . . 4 ,7, 163 8,524 159, 650 IMPORTING STATES. New South Wales. Victoria 14, 720 24,580 567 313 8,977 800 406 71,965 17, 798 6,150 5,289 30, 535 3,086,039 2,034,931 562, 049 614, 472 358, 111 131,806 240 119, 677 27, 123 3, 122 862,040 334, 189 462, 773 74,564 139, 074 4,309 6,580 92,130 1, 200, 768 1, 107, 774 350,518 42,329 692,371 16, 073 7,632 18,706,200 11,722,550 100 Queensland 2,792 South Australia... Western Australia. Tasmania 12,543 2,082 336 185,350 10 Northern Territory Table V. — Imports of fruits into New Zealand , 5 [Average for 1912 and 1913.] Dried fruits. Fresh fruits. Imported from — Figs, dates, prunes. Currants. Raisins, dried. Plums, cherries, etc. Apples and pears. Grapes. Lemons. Bottled and preserved. Fruit pulp. United King- dom Australia Hongkong Pounds. 708,249 43, 664 63 9,136 3 1, 250 2, 479 3,931 58, 142 Pounds. 27, 845 171, 156 Pounds. 14, 404 433,005 Pounds. Boxes? Pounds. Boxes? Dozen. 1,654 5, 700 1,173 848 3 546 98 Pounds. 9,803 41,915 312,395 9, 851 67, 427 5,979 India Canada France Spain 12, 516 5, 035 4 1, 792 33, 608 163, 109 8 1, 832 181, 593 1,024, 710 3 3, 052 4 482 14, 556 16, 190 Greece Italy 1,675, 588 2,104 3 74 Turkey in Eu- rope Asia Minor Arabia Persia 375,863 541,026 510,898 69,821 23,878 111,566 182,654 3 5, 214 Egypt Society Islands.. 3 1, 620 4 80 3,232,258 4 8 94, 788 71,935 Fiji Islands United States... Singapore 845, 933 3 5, 972 5,040 9,327 3 26 24,508 4 1 72 Other countries j 146 j 22 54 3 34, 419 52 2 B ureau of Census and Statistics. Trade, Customs and Excise Revenue, l 1 3 mTonly d t0 Umted States equivalents on the basis that 1 box is equal to 50 pounds. 4 1913 only. 6 Dominion of New Zealand. Statistics, 1912 and 1913. Converted to United States equivalents on the basis that 1 box is equal to 84 pounds. iyiz ana 1913 . Table VI. — Marketing seasons of home-grown fruit in Australasia, 16 Department Circular U5, U. S. 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"C ° H ftSS <3PhPh a « a g.1 S g §.a £o 2 ft 3 © ©S _ „ ftSo g a ala o ft ft © © ■slgal o< S © 2.® h 2 ft2§^ ft 3 4J 3 3 3 O- a^&as 3 2a«a®« Oc3o«3jd O 3 03 >- 03 3-™t-iftft^ OStfm PQ oPhO<3oF 1 All citrus fruits begin about April in north and extend to November and December in south. MARKETS FOR AMERICAN FRUITS IN CHINA WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AMERICAN SHIPPERS CLARENCE W. MOOMAW Specialist in Foreign Marketing and MARJORIE L. FRANKLIN Scientific Assistant Washington, D. C. December, 1920 A Fruit Store in Peking UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 146 Contribution from the Rureau of Markets GEORGE LIVINGSTON, Chief WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920 MARKETS FOR AMERICAN FRUITS IN CHINA. With Recommendations for American Shippers. Introduction The fruit industry of China Production Exportation of domestic fruits. . . Importation of fruits Fresh fruits Dried fruits The import duty on fruits Marketing imported fruits Wholesale fruit trade Retail fruit trade American fruit trade with China Fresh fruits Dried fruits ... Canned and preserved fruits Storage and inland transportation CONTENTS. Page. 3 4 4 6 8 8 9 9 9 12 12 12 13 13 Possibilities for developing the Chinese markets for American fruits Prospects for fresh fruits Prospects for dried and canned fruits Recommendations for the American trade. . . Careful preparation and handling Utilization of existing trade mediums.... Terms and sales Establishing special trade-marks Suggested market development activities Special representation important Cooperation a necessity Japan as a competitor Production Exportation of fruits Page. 14 15 17 17 18 18 20 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 INTRODUCTION. T'HE CLOSING of the fruit markets of the United Kingdom to imported products and the greatly reduced outlets to the European countries and South America during the war caused an active interest among the growers and shippers of the United States in the possibilities of developing markets across the Pacific. In view of the emergency which confronted the fruit industry by reason of the war, the Bureau of Markets of the Department of Agriculture undertook in 1917 to investigate at first hand the fruit markets of the Far East in order, if possible, to discover new outlets and prepare the way for future development work there. Growers and shippers of the Pacific coast fruits have long believed t at somewhere in the Orient there was, or ought to be, a large out- let for their products. Generally it was assumed that since the purchasing power there was low, it ought to be matched with a low priced and necessarily, a low grade product, and the idea was entertained that if such produce were shipped to the principal ports, it could not fail to meet a ready and unlimited market. The term “Far East” is a designation applied to those countries u ly ! ng 6aSt ° f Persk ’ Arabia - India and Siam, and includes those bordering along the China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Japan Sea of the western Pacific Ocean. The countries of greatest interest to exporters of American fruits are China, the Philippines, Siberia, and Japan. 1 3 4 Department Circular 1^6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Of these, China now claims the chief interest of the American fruit industry. In the Philippines the establishment of trade in American fruits was coincident with the American occupation and the trade depends considerably upon the political status of the islands. Siberia at this time can be considered only as a negligible factor. The former source of its rich trade has been abolished and will have to be rebuilt under fundamentally new conditions. Japan, including Chosen, or Korea, is found to be a strong competitor of the United States in the fruit markets of the Far East and is of interest chiefly for that reason. This circular, therefore, is concerned primarily with conditions in China. 1 THE FRUIT INDUSTRY OF CHINA. PRODUCTION. The climatic range of China is comparable with that of the United States, but with more of a tropical character in summer. De- ciduous fruits are grown abundantly in northern China, citrus fruit, pineapples, and bananas in southern China. Large orchards are not found but innumerable small ones produce a large aggre- gate of fruit. No attempt is made by the Government to estimate or record these crops; therefore, it is impossible to ascertain the annual production. Of the native deciduous fruits, peaches are the most appreciated and pears are second. Pears and grapes are continuously on sale, being kept from one year to another by means of cold storage, the principles of which have been thoroughly understood and practiced in China for centuries. The fruit is stored in deep cellars with baskets of broken ice in order to maintain a low temperature. Southern China exports considerable quantities of oranges to all • points in the Far East. The Foochow district, which is one of the largest growing sections, produced approximately 5,000 tons of oranges in 1917 or, in terms of California equivalents, 138,889 boxes of 72 pounds each, a decline of 30 per cent from the 1916 crop. However, the 1917 crop was not up to the standard of average production. The crop of 1915 was estimated to be in excess of 11,000 tons, or 305,555 boxes. Most of the oranges find their way to north China ports, and up to January, 1918, the shipments of the preceding season from Foochow aggregated 2,750 tons. The first shipments for the year to the North were made in November. 1 The original report of the studies conducted by the Bureau of Markets, contains detailed treatment of the fruit market possibilities of the Far East, the material being arranged in four parts under the heads of the countries mentioned in the preceding paragraph. The purpose of this circular is to set forth the situation in regard to China. For those who are interested in pursuing the subject further, the results of the investigation written in full are available in manuscript form in the files of the Bureau of Markets and may be borrowed upon request. Advantage is taken of this opportunity to acknowledge the cooperation of the American Consular Service and the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, whose Far Eastern representatives rendered valuable assistance throughout the investigation. 100" IQfc* [08* M2* lie* 120* 14168°— 20. (To face page 4.) Fig. 1.— Commercial map of China and vicinity. Markets for American Fruits in China. 5 The market in Peking during the month of September showed many varieties of apples, pears, oranges, pomeloes, pomegranates, persimmons, dates, jujubes, several varieties of grapes (including white, red, and purple), peaches, quinces and plums. Walnuts, chestnuts, other nuts, and peanuts were also on sale. Most of the above-mentioned fruits were being sold at prices that seemed low as compared with retail prices in the United States, but the fruits that had been transported long distances were naturally more ex- pensive than those grown close to the market. Lemons were the only American fruit found in the market at this time. American apples reach Peking and Tientsin in limited quantities in November and later. In Shanghai, on November 26, 1917, the official quotations of the public market included the following items, which are here given in terms of both Mexican and United States currency: Table 1. — The retail market at Shanghai Jor domestic and imported fruits. Product. Unit. Mexican. Equivalent in U. S. currency. Apples: Chinese and Japanese Pound . Cents. 10-13 14- 17 16-20 5- 6 15- 16 8-10 12-16 5- 6 6- 8 6- 8 12-16 8-10 8-14 10-12 Cents. 7. 6- 9. 8 10. 6-12. 9 12. 1-15. 2 3. 8- 4. 5 11.4-12.1 6. 0- 7. 6 9. 1- 12. 1 3.8- 4.5 4. 5- 6. 0 4. 5- 6. 0 9. 1-12. 1 6. 0- 7. 6 6. 0-10. 6 7-6- 9. 0 United States Canadian Bananas Coconuts Each . Chestnuts Pound Grapes Lemons, American Each Oranges, native Pound Persimmons Pomeloes Pineapples Each Pears Pound Walnuts 1 The above quotations give a fair idea of the fruit supply and com- parative prices in China at a season when American apples and citrus fruits are in the market. Chinese apples had practically disappeared at this time. The grapes and pears were from home storage stocks of north China. There were American oranges in the fruit stores, but at higher prices than those mentioned above. The summer fruits of China are abundant and cheap. They are grown locally almost everywhere. In their season of plenty, during summer and fall, native apples sell in Shanghai for less than $2 Mexican for 50 pounds, or in terms of American equivalents, at approximately $1.50 and less per bushel, according to exchange. The Hongkong market conditions for October and November were somewhat the reverse of those noted in Peking. There were less of the northern or Cheefoo apples and pears and the prices were higher, while citrus fruits and bananas were more plentiful and cheaper than in the North. 6 Department Circular 1^6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. EXPORTATION OF DOMESTIC FRUITS. China engages in a considerable export fruit trade with the Far Eastern countries, and in certain fruits such as oranges and pears the future possibilities of the trade are believed to be excellent. A large part of this trade is with and through the British port of Hongkong, which serves as the chief distributing point. Fig. 2.— Exterior of a Shanghai fruit store. This small shop sold more American apples than any other store in China during the 1916-17 season. For interior display see figure 3. FRESH FRUITS. During the six years 1912-1917 China’s exports of oranges ranged from 333,839 boxes in 1912 to 243,706 boxes in 1917, a decrease of 27 per cent. Pears showed an irregular movement, increasing from 40,480 boxes in 1912 to 124,461 boxes in 1915, an increase of 207 per cent. Exports of this fruit fell to 72,373 boxes in 1917, which, however, still represented an increase over the export figures for 1912. Ex- ports of all other fresh fruit decreased 37 per cent during this period. These decreases were caused largely by the increased cost of Chinese currency in exchange, the increase in the cost of goods for export being proportionate to the exchange. * 1 1 Figures are taken from Table 3 in original manuscript, based on China’s Maritime Customs: Returns of Trade and Trade Reports (1913, 1915, 1917, Vol. I, Part III). Conversions on basis of 1 picul= 133 J pounds; 1 box oranges= 78 pounds; 1 box pears=50 pounds; 1 ton= 2,000 pounds. Markets for American Fruits in China. 7 A large part of the export fruit trade of China is handled by the foreign houses at Shanghai and Hongkong. The fruit is crudely pre- pared for market and does not present an attractive appearance. It is cheap, however, even with the addition of the export tax of 5 per cent, and its cheapness together with the low charges for transpor- tation, is a prime consideration in foreign markets where the pur- chasing power is relatively low. DRIED AND PRESERVED FRUITS. China also carries on a substantial export trade in dried and pre- served fruit. The chief product is the dried persimmon, which or- dinarily represents about 30 per cent of the total dried fruit trade. The Chinese statistics do not classify other dried fruits separately and it is impossible to show the exact extent of the trade. As in the case of fresh fruits, the trade in dried fruits is handled largely by and through Hongkong. Usually this port receives more than 50 per cent of China’s exports. Large quantities, of course, are re- exported to other Far Eastern countries, but in the absence of statis- tics it is impossible to indicate the full amounts of Chinese dried fruits actually imported by the several countries. IMPORTATION OF FRUITS. FRESH FRUITS. In the Chinese customs imports returns fruits are not classified, and it is impossible, therefore, to show separately the exact amounts of the several fruits received. However, for the purpose of indicating the extent of China’s import trade in fresh fruits as a whole, a state- ment of the amounts and values of the imports by countries for the years 1910 to 1916, inclusive, is given in terms of American equiv- alents. Statistics are not available for the preceding years. (See Appendix, Tables 2 and 3 .) The outstanding feature of Table 2 is that China’s import trade in fresh fruits has grown extensively since 1910, the first year for which statistics are available. The highest point reached was in 1913, when 29,248,000 pounds were received as compared with 8,602,789 pounds in 1910, thus registering an increase of approximately 240 per cent in a period of four years. A considerable falling off will be noted between 1913 and 1915, the decrease being 23 per cent. In 1916 the imports increased greatly, being little short of the peak in 1913. The largest import trade in apples is with Japan and the second largest with the United States. Japan exported 18,476 boxes to China in 1911, the United States, 18,298 boxes’ Japan’s exports of 8 Department Circular 1^6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. apples in 1915 amounted to 36,140 boxes, those from the United States to 13,689 boxes. The statistics for Japan are significant, representing substantial increases. The gain between 1911 and 1915 is approximately 96 per cent. The citrus fruit trade with the United States is very small; still the United States customs records for the eight years ending June 30, 1917, show a steady increase. Imports of oranges in 1910 amounted to 312 boxes, in 1917 to 2,489 boxes; shipments of lemons increased from 1,999 boxes in 1913 to 6,665 boxes in 1917. In 1918 shipments of oranges remained about the same, 2,496 boxes, while the imports of lemons decreased slightly to 5,246 boxes. DRIED FRUITS. The Chinese import statistics do not classify the varieties for dried fruits. It is interesting to note (see Tables 4 and 5, Appendix) that during the period 1911-1916 China’s imports of dried fruits steadily increased. China draws its dried fruit supplies from many parts of the globe. Hongkong holds the predominating position in the trade, as the tables show. China received 79 per cent of its total imports of dried fruits from Hongkong in 1911 and 83.3 per cent in 1916. It should be remembered that both Hongkong and Macao act as intermediaries or reexport markets for the same overseas countries which supply China directly. The tables, therefore, do not represent the actual extent of the imports from those countries. The position of Japan in the dried fruit trade with China is the reverse of its position in the fresh fruit trade. The trade is small and decreased more than 100 per cent in six years. It is known also that the Japanese trade through Hongkong and Macao is limited. Practically no dried fruit has been sent to Chinese territory from Canada and Australia. The chief items contributed by the United States are dried apples, apricots, peaches, prunes, and raisins. More detailed information will be found in the section of this publication dealing specifically with American trade. THE IMPORT DUTY ON FRUITS. China’s rate of duty on fruits is not sufficiently high to interfere with the development of the trade. For fresh and dried fruits the rate is 5 per cent ad valorem plus 5 per cent of the duty as a port charge, which jneans, for instance, in the case of a box of apples valued at $2, a custom charge of 10 J cents. When it is necessary to use weights in calculating the value of a cargo net weight is employed. Markets for American Fruits in China. The duty on preserved and canned fruits is as follows : 9 Taels. 1 American equiva- lents at prevailing rate of exchange. 1 Canned fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, grapes): For table use, 2 \ pound cans, per dozen 0. 065 $0. 069 .060 .064 .125 .520 For pies, 2^-pound cans, per dozen . 057 Jams and jellies: 1-pound tins, bottles or jars, per dozen . 060 2-pound tins, bottles or jars, per dozen . . 118 Fruits, preserved, in glass bottles, jars, cardboard or wooden boxes, per picul of 133£ pounds . 650 Conversions made according to the rate of exchange prevailing at Shanghai August 2, 1920, when 1 tael was worth $1.06, MARKETING IMPORTED FRUITS. WHOLESALE FRUIT TRADE. Wholesale distribution of imported fruits in China is different from the process in the United States. For the most part, the importers are the wholesalers. In many cases the large retailers engage in a wholesale or jobbing trade with small local dealers or with dealers at outports with whom they have continuous connections. But usually the importers sell direct to the retailers or their syndicates. In considering the limited wholesale distribution in China it should be remembered that thus far the amount of fruit imported has been rather small, and that the sale of the products has been confined to the large shops of a few cities. As the volume of the trade increases it is reasonable to believe that those houses which engage in both a retail and jobbing business may develop into large wholesale dis- tributing establishments and possibly in time may undertake to do their own importing. RETAIL FRUIT TRADE. In China, as in the United States, fruit is handled by a great variety of retail mediums, ranging from the humble peddler, whose capital is his load, to the well-organized, substantial caterer’s estab- lishment where the best of everything in the fancy goods line may be purchased. Imported fruits are found only in the best class of stores, as a rule. In the large cities there are a few department and provision stores owned and operated by foreigners, but they handle only a small part of the fruit sales, even to the foreign population. Many of the Chinese stores cater primarily to foreigners and, because of low expense of operation, are able to and actually do sell for lower prices than the foreign stores. 14168°— 20 2 10 Department Circular lk6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. The native fruits are handled entirely in baskets which are used almost exclusively in displaying fruit. These baskets are of various sizes and shapes and often of artistic design, which adds to the attractiveness of the display. (See cover design.) Here and there in the shops may be seen large earthen jars of antique appearance, which are the cold storages of the retail shop that keep the delicate fruits fresh and cool for the customers. In the purchase of supplies the retailers, who have a satisfactory credit standing with the compradors, deal as a rule directly with the importers, who grant them liberal terms. Peddlers and small Fig. 3.— A display of fruit in the store shown in figure 2. Bottom shelf holds Amoy pineapples; second shelf, Chinese peaches and plums; third, American oranges and Shantung peaches; fourth, native pomeloes, oranges and lemons. On the ledge are California grapefruit and oranges. Markets for American Fruits in China. IX traders who can not meet the requirements of the compradors buy in limited quantities from some native merchant who may have an intimate acquaintance with them. In many cities large numbers of the retailers purchase their supplies of fruits collectively through their syndicates. They seem to realize and appreciate fully the benefits of cooperation, for which they are very keen. The organiza- tion and methods of the syndicates are expressive of the simplicity of the Chinese people. When the retailers find it too difficult to deal as individuals with the importers and their compradors they do not wait for the creation of an independent intermediary to serve them. They simply discuss the matter among themselves, combine in a Fig. 4.— The attractive display of a Canton store. All these fruits were native grown with the exception of the plate of wrapped apples, which were Californian. 12 Department Circular lk6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. loose association, and delegate one or more of their number to secure an estimate of the general requirements. Then they buy in common. The activities of the organization cease when the purchasing is accomplished. AMERICAN FRUIT TRADE WITH CHINA. FRESH FRUITS. The largest amount of apples sent to China from the United States in any one year was 24,784 boxes, or approximately 40 carloads. The varieties that meet with most favor are the Yellow Newtown, Esopus (Spitzenberg), and Winesap. The grade best suited to the trade is a good “Fancy” or No. 2, though an “Extra Fancy” is wanted in limited quantities, especially for the Christmas trade. The sizes liked best are 120s to 163s, but both larger and smaller sizes have reasonable demand and sale. As a pack, the standard Northwest apple box seems to be satisfactory for this trade. The largest annual export of oranges to China was 2,489 boxes and of lemons 6,665 boxes. The export of citrus fruits, while not so large as that of apples, is more gratifying in that it shows a steady increase. All stores where American oranges were displayed had only the large and fairly large sizes, which contrasted favorably with the smaller native oranges. The sizes generally required for oranges are 126s and 150s, and for lemons 300s. The trade, however, has been taking small quantities of 176s in oranges and 360s in lemons. DRIED FRUITS. The chief demand for American dried fruits is found in the winter months. From October to April the goods can be stored and dis- tributed successfully in the ordinary packages. For the rest of the year, however, because of the hot weather, canned goods are used almost exclusively. The grades required are from medium to best. The seedless rather than the seeded raisin is demanded almost entirely. Statistics for all classes of dried fruits are not available prior to 1906. During the period 1906-1917 the prune trade ranked first, exports from the United States to China as a whole ranging from 75,058 pounds in 1908 to 208,554 pounds in 1917. Raisins rank next in importance, exports from the United States amounting to 66,871 pounds in 1906 and 82,055 pounds in 1917. During the 12 years the total quantity of dried fruits exported to China as a whole fluctuated considerably from year to year, but increased substantially as between the years 1906 and 1917, the advance in the trade being 138 per cent for the period. Dried apples represented 27 per cent of the total dried fruits exported to China as a whole in 1906 and 14 per cent in 1917, thus Markets for American Fruits in China. 13 losing considerable importance during the period. The shipments fluctuated widely from year to year, but between the years 1906 and 1917 registered an increase of 23 per cent. CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS. Though the trade of the United States with China in preserved and canned fruits is limited, it has shown a gradual increase. The total trade with China in 1892 amounted to $59,445; in 1917 this trade was valued at $90,031 and in 1918 at $103,958. The exports in 1892 were represented almost entirely by preserved fruits. But at the close of 1917 canned fruits greatly predominated, representing 93 per cent of the total trade in both canned and preserved products. STORAGE AND INLAND TRANSPORTATION. Cold storage is rarely used in China for imported fresh fruit. Practically all that is imported from America is on order, and there is usually a place for every package immediately upon arrival, so that the fruit goes into consumption without much delay. Usually the weather conditions are good for handling fruit when the first shipments are received in the fall and the ordinary storages, or godowns, are adequate for protecting the products for short periods until the importers are able to effect distribution. Practically all of the large trans-Pacific lines have wharf and ware- house facilities of their own where the fruit may remain free of charge for periods of approximately 10 days. If the storage is required for longer periods, monthly rates will be quoted. Also there are independent storages which may be used. Some of the large importing houses have their own godowns and thus are independent of public storages. It is fortunate that cold storage is not a necessity in the present stage of the trade, because the rates for such limited facilities as may be secured at the present time range from 25 to 50 cents per box per month. Small cold storages are operated in the largest cities in connection with the manufacture of ice. As trade in perish- able products develops, cold storages will come to be a necessity, and it is reasonable to believe that in time adequate facilities will be available at reasonable rates. Cold storage at fair rates would be of considerable value at the present time, because it would enable importers to keep a supply of fruit on hand in anticipation of orders. The inland transportation facilities for fruit are simply ordinary box cars and river steamers to the chief inland cities; but the fruit is transported successfully. Although fruit dispatch trains are never found, special facilities such as refrigerator and ventilated cars are sometimes provided. The prevailing cold weather in the northern regions during the importing season makes it impossible to deliver 14 Department Circular ik6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. the products with fair success in the ordinary Chinese way. No rates are published for fruit, hut it is understood that ordinarily they are satisfactory. There is no Interstate Commerce Commission or similar agency to regulate rates, so changes without notice are frequent and the shipper must necessarily secure a rate for each shipment. For the most part the exports have been handled by general export houses, which deal in a great variety of commodities and have branches or agencies in China or, with headquarters in the Orient, have branches or agencies in America. Some of the foreign importers, Fig. 5. — Partial view of the modern municipally owned Hongkew Public Market at Shanghai. The city also operates the market. Produce of every kind and description, both domestic and imported, may be bought here. having no agencies in America, simply arrange with brokers, growers, or shippers to fill orders. POSSIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPING THE CHINESE MARKETS FOR AMERICAN FRUITS. The potential demand in China is large. One-quarter of the popu- lation of the world is there. Wherever there are settlements of Caucasians, foreign fruits are demanded, and this demand is gradually extending among the Chinese themselves The latter are great lovers and consumers of fruit, but under present conditions the masses are compelled to content themselves with the cheaper home-grown kinds. It should not be overlooked, however, that a great many Chinese of high official and business standing are abundantly able to buy any goods or fruits they wish. The increased wage-earning capacity of the native Chinese laborer now perceptible in much of the country, with its attendant benefits to all classes, together with the improve- Markets for American Fruits in China. 15 ment of inland transportation which is gradually developing, will inevitably enable a large proportion of the people to indulge in what are now luxuries beyond their reach. PROSPECTS FOR FRESH FRUITS. APPLES. Prospectively, the market for apples is more susceptible of expan- sion than for other fruits. The quality of texture and flavor of the North American apple is so far superior to the Chinese and Japanese apple that it holds a distinct position in the trade. Aggressive action on the part of. the shippers and importers carried out somewhat along Fig 6.— Basket of various apples from many countries found on sale in Shanghai in December, 1917. Top row, left to right American Winesap, Newtown and Gano; middle row, Cana- dian Newtown, Esopus (Spitzenberg), and Cox Orange; bot- tom row, Chinese pearmain, Japanese Jonathan and Cali- fornia Newtown. lines recommended later in this circular should secure a substantial increase from year to year, and in course of time, as China develops should result in a trade of distinct value to the American apple industry. In this connection the outlook as to competition with other coun- tries which produce and export apples is worth considering. Appar- ently there will continue to be a strong competition of the cheap apples of poorer quality from Japan and Chosen, which even resident foreigners often purchase for cooking purposes, but these will not take the place of American and Canadian apples for dessert purposes, the extent of the Japanese industry and the competition from this source are treated in a separate section. 16 Department Circular U6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Canadian exports of apples to China are much less than those of the United States. The existence of this trade is based to a con- siderable extent on a feeling of loyalty on the part of the English in China for products of the ‘ ‘ home country.” Of greater importance is the fact that the excellence of the fruit commends it to the con- sumers generally. Imports of Canadian apples are all of high quality, such as the Jonathan, Grimes, Cox Orange, Esopus (Spitzenberg), and Yellow Newtown, whereas the imports of American apples consist of Ben Davis, Ganos, Winesaps, and Yellow Newtowns, the first-named variety predominating. As fruit men of the Pacific Northwest are aware, British Columbia apples differ but little from apples grown in the United States and are in no way superior to them. The market prices are about the same at shipping points. It was found that in China, however, the Canadian apples generally sell at slightly higher prices than apples from the United States. The trade in China for Canadian apples is almost entirely in the hands of British stores, who prefer to handle an exclusive line in which the least competition is encountered. Their retail prices by the box range, in “ Mexican,” from $2 to $4 higher than is asked for apples from the United States. While the production of apples and the marketing arrangements in British Columbia are not comparable to those in the Pacific Northwest States, nevertheless the Canadians will undoubtedly present rather keen competition in the Chinese markets because of their foresight in introducing the best varieties and thus gaining a reputation for producing the best fruit. n DECIDUOUS FRUITS OTHER THAN APPLES. Fresh American deciduous fruits other than apples have not reached China in noticeable quantities. At the present time, however, limited openings for some varieties of late pears and possibly cherries from the intermountain districts of the Pacific Northwest may be found, because of the superior texture of the deciduous fruit from that region. There is also the possibility of a small opening for the hardier varieties of California grapes, such as the Red Emperor and Malaga. A firm of importers at Shanghai, as the result of an interview with the representative of the Bureau of Markets, became considerably inter- ested in the possibility of introducing American grapes and invited experimental shipments. It should be realized, however, that for the present and near future any possibilities which may develop for deciduous fruits will be limited almost entirely to the Caucasian population. The Chinese production is rather bountiful, although the quality of the fruit is inferior to the quality of the American products. Markets for American Fruits in China. 17 CITRUS FRUITS. The prospects for marketing American lemons and oranges are not encouraging at the present time. While the exports of these products to China have steadily increased in recent years, the advance is repre- sented almost entirely by increased consumption among the Caucasian population. These fruits do not seem to gain much in popularity with the Chinese, who depend upon the domestic supply. It is extremely doubtful, therefore, whether the markets would respond appreciably to efforts to introduce American citrus fruit among the Chinese at any time in the near future. PROSPECTS FOR DRIED AND CANNED FRUITS. The lack of modern drying and canning establishments in China, and the relatively low prices of the American products as compared with the fresh fruits, together with the possibility of using even the crudest of Chinese transportation systems, all offer attractive oppor- tunities for American dried and canned fruits. The well-to-do Chinese are becoming accustomed gradually to the use of these products and it is significant that the trade demands the best grades. The drying and canning of fruits is not carried on extensively as an industry. The simple arts of drying are known and practiced, but a satisfactory product is not secured. Furthermore, the fruit- growing industry is not developed to the point where it would support the evaporating and canning of fruit on a commercial scale sufficient to make severe competition for American products. Raisins are not produced at all. The only canneries which pack fruits are at Amoy, Kiukang and Shanghai. Their chief output, however, consists of fish and meats, the fruit output being altogether insignificant. As an indication of the possibilities for increase in the marketing and consumption of dried fruits, attention is called to the extensive advance in this trade which occurred between 1916 and 1917, as shown by T able 6, Appendix. During the latter year the trade became especially active and exceeded greatly the heaviest exports of any previous year. The rate of increase from 1916 to 1917 was 124 per cent for dried apples, 238 per cent for apricots, 394 per cent for peaches, 58 per cent for prunes and 9 per cent for raisins. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE AMERICAN TRADE. In developing the fruit market possibilities in the Far East much will depend on the methods pursued by the American industry. American exporters must pursue special methods in the case of China, where business systems are not susceptible to quick change or reform. In suggesting methods for procedure, the problems that will be encountered should be borne in mind. First of all, the proper selec- tion, preparation and handling of the fruit must be considered. 18 Department Circular lb6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture , Then the problems of transportation and adjustment of the supply are extremely important. Furthermore, sales arrangements, financ- ing, establishing and maintaining trade-marks, advertising and market development work must be studied. CAREFUL PREPARATION AND HANDLING. Success in developing the markets of China for American fruits will be dependent largely upon the delivery of sound fruit, properly graded and packed. Aside from the careful selection of varieties, sizes and grades for individual market districts in China, emphasis is placed upon the extreme care necessary in picking and packing operations, and upon promptness in handling after picking so that Fig. 7.— The neatness and orderly attractive appearance of this Shanghai fruit store are noteworthy. The cases which are faced with glass are designed not only for display but for the protection of the fruit from heat, dust, and flies. The best fruit rarely is displayed on open counters or at the front. a minimum of time elapses between picking and shipment or storage. The box shooks should be of good grade; all boxed fruits need to be packed firmly and the boxes require extra nailing and strapping at the ends to prevent breakage in handling. The loss from break- age does not seem to be sufficiently extensive to justify different or stronger packages than those now used on the Pacific coast. Inspectors should be placed at the ship when it is being loaded to see that boxes are not piled on the bulge and that the cargo re- ceives the proper stowing. Two by four dunnage should be nailed to the floor of the compartment and spaced so as to catch the ends of the boxes, thus leaving an air space underneath the load. At least a 2-inch space should be allowed between the boxes and thn 19 Markets for American Fruits in China. side of the compartment, and spaces also should be allowed between all tiers of boxes, sufficient dunnage being used to insure a rigid load. In the efficient control of the refrigerating compartment, the use of the thermograph will be of assistance in maintaining a greater degree of uniformity in the temperatures during the voyage. The maintenance of a uniform temperature of about 32° F. is desirable, allowing this to rise to 45° or 50° F. during the last day or two of the voyage. The ship’s engineer should be kept informed of the temperatures recorded during the trip. In the case of shipment in ventilated compartments, it is highly important to keep the temperature as low as possible. For this pur- pose bountiful spaces should be allowed at the top, bottom and sides, and at intervals within the load. If possible, forced ventila- tion should be maintained throughout the voyage, in order to keep the compartments flushed with cool, fresh air from the outside. Looking to the extension of the trade and the possible necessity of carrying a stock of fruit in China, the exporters and importers ought to encourage in every possible way the operation of adequate cold storages at reasonable rates both at Hongkong and Shanghai. In time the coolers may prove to be valuable in equalizing the supply of fruit in the markets. UTILIZATION OF EXISTING TRADE MEDIUMS. In China the utilization of the existing trade channels is not only the proper course, it is the essential one. The national trait of pursuing trodden paths is not conducive to the introduction of in- novations. China’s conservatism is so noted that the wisest course is to follow the methods which have proved to be acceptable to the people with whom trade is desired. It is suggested that the fruit shippers carefully select from among the importers at Shanghai and at Hongkong one firm to serve as the import agent for all. When the selection is made the agent should be allowed the widest possible powers under the uniform arrangements for all the shippers participating in the trade. The nature and extent of the market development work to be carried on by the agent, as well as all other essential terms, should be specified in contract form. A number of the importers who have engaged in handling Ameri- can fruits strongly urged the maintenance of an exclusive agency and were emphatic in their statements that satisfactory results can not be accomplished so long as the business is handled by a number of firms. They cited numerous cases in support of their conclusions and some of them stated that they had discontinued all activity in this trade as a result of the uncertainties caused by the old methods. 20 Department Circular 1^6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. TERMS AND SALES. It is believed best to conduct the trade in the beginning upon a wisely directed consignment basis, the shipments to be allocated among the various shippers and made upon the advice of the im- porting agent. Under this method the markets in China would be assured of a bountiful supply at all times; any losses would be dis- tributed equitably among the shippers to be absorbed in the pools, and disastrous dumping, which so frequently results from open con- signments, could be strictly avoided. In lieu of open consignment, cost, insurance, freight terms would be the next best suited to market development work. Under this system the importing agent of the American shippers, if not handi- capped by unduly high prices based on prevailing values in America, and if allowed discretionary powers, could solicit orders in advance of shipment at definite prices to be paid upon arrival of the goods in the Chinese port. If the business is handled upon the basis described in the pre- ceding paragraph, it should be clearly stipulated in the contract between the American shipper and the importer that the importer’s remuneration is to be limited solely to an agreed commission. Other- wise, at times the temptation may arise of exacting an exorbitant margin of profit, thereby effectively obstructing the processes of trade expansion. At all times it ought to be remembered that the future of the trade will depend upon delivering the products to the consumers at relatively low prices. In developing Chinese trade, f . o. b. terms will be the least effective. Under this method the Chinese merchants will not book orders in advance of shipment except as the importing agent may assume the responsibility of selling to them c. i. f. The burden of the transac- tion rests entirely upon him, and the business would become a buying and selling trade between the shipper and the importer. If this method were adopted the shippers virtually would register little progress and eventually would revert to the status quo of past times in so far as trade with China is concerned. As a general rule Chinese credits are good. The American fruit shippers may find it of considerable advantage as a trade-promotion factor to allow the import agent and the Chinese merchants the most liberal credit possible. If the agent is required to remit before collections are made the trade naturally will be somewhat restricted. If the merchants are required always to pay upon delivery, they are likely to seek more liberal competitive services. In this connection the possibilities of the “ acceptance” form of draft are commended to the shippers. The “ acceptance” is nothing more than an acknowl- edgment on the part of the consignee for the receipt of the goods and his promise to pay the amount of the bill within a specified time. Markets for American Fruits in China. 21 The “ acceptance” draft with shipping documents attached may be handled by the shipper through his local bank just as an ordinary draft, thereby securing the funds when shipment is made. The advantage of this method would be very decided in developing the Chinese fruit markets by greatly extending the operating power of the import agent and the buying power of the Chinese merchant. ESTABLISHING SPECIAL TRADE-MARKS. It is of the utmost importance that the Pacific coast shippers adopt, establish and maintain special distinctive trade-marks for China! These trade-marks should show a striking design, with the customary 8.-This show window maintained at Shanghai by a British department store contains Canadian apples, American biscuits, California canned fruits, etc. description of contents printed in both English and Chinese. The trade-mark should be registered in China and also in Japan before it is used in the trade, because the laws of Japan give all rights to priority of registration rather than use. The multiplicity of brands or “chops,” as the Chinese call them, in the Pacific coast industry is confusing to foreigners and accord- ingly much of the advertising value is lost. Furthermore, in addition to the necessity of a uniform supply of fruit, it is highly important to make available to the Chinese trade a uniform supply of given brands of fruit. This is impossible when many different brands are used, as the majority of the shippers can not ship by every boat. Thus maintained and controlled, year in and year out, without change of grades to meet seasonal conditions, the trade-mark would represent the fruit industry of the entire region rather than indi- vidual shippers, and therefore would be unaffected by the shifting fortunes of the individuals. 22 Department Circular 1^6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. SUGGESTED MARKET DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES. Fruit advertising or publicity campaigns would be of considerable value in developing markets. There are hundreds of newspapers published in many languages in China, and judicious use should be made of them, both in paid announcements and in news articles, in order that the consumers may be impressed properly with the nu- merous ways of utilizing fruit. Suitable films for moving-picture entertainments, showing surroundings incidental to orcharding in the United States, and phases of packing and handling, could be ob- tained and used to great advantage. In connection with all publicity the special brands should be featured. A wise and timely distribu- Fig. 9 —A modem fruit store in Shanghai. The wide open front is typical. The display of fruit in the foreground is the bargain counter on which are placed defective fruits marked down to attractive prices. The best fruit is kept inside either in glass cases or earthem jars. The method of display is characteristic of practically all Chinese stores. tion of apples as gifts and for use at special banquets or upon other occasions would appeal strongly. SPECIAL REPRESENTATION IMPORTANT. It is important that the Pacific coast fruit industry maintain a capable special representative in China to supervise the marketing and distribution of the products, and in cooperation with the import agent to carry on the necessary market development work. It ought to be remembered that import agents do not engage exclusively in the fruit business, that their interests are diverse, and that while they may handle specific sales successfully it would be too much to expect that they would concentrate adequately upon market development work for a particular product. A special representative to secure first hand information as to the disposition of the goods, to supervise the Markets for American Fruits in China. 23 work of the import agent, and to conduct a broad promotion policy, would be invaluable in this trade. The experience of the California canners and other American institutions marketing goods in China evidences the wisdom of such a course. COOPERATION A NECESSITY. The foregoing suggestions are made with a view to organized activities in developing the possibilities of the Chinese market. Indh vidual growers and shippers, if acting separately, can not secure satisfactory results. The concentrated efforts of the fruit industry of a given region are essential, because otherwise it would be impossi- ble to carry out a constructive program of work. The problems and hazards involved are too great for the individual. This is evidenced by the fact that shippers in the past have been altogether inactive in the Far Eastern trade. Strong organization is essential for apply- ing the recommendations that have been outlined. Through coopera- tion, the burden of developing the markets would be distributed equitably without the discouragement which is incident to indi- vidual enterprise. In this connection the creation of new organiza- tions is not recommended as necessary, but existing organizations are strongly urged to eliminate friction and loss of concentration. JAPAN AS A COMPETITOR. For many years the Japanese Government has been fostering and protecting the fruit-growing industry both in Japan and Chosen; first, by imposing practically prohibitive duties on foreign fruit and secondly, by furnishing nursery stock, and otherwise aiding the growers in perfecting and improving methods of culture and handling. PRODUCTION. Apple culture in the Japanese Empire is a rapidly growing industry. The combined production of Japan and Chosen in 1916 was 1,717,491 boxes, equaling approximately 2,860 American carloads. In 1906 the production of Japan proper had been approximately 1,562 Ameri- can carloads, and this number practically represents the entire yield, both of Japan and Chosen that year, because at that time the pro- duction of Chosen was negligible. During the 11 years, therefore, the total production of the Empire increased approximately 83 per cent. The principal varieties of apples grown in the Japanese Empire are Jonathans, Rafis (Rawle’s Jenets), Ben Davis and Winesaps, all well- known varieties. However, close inspection is not required to show that these varieties grown in Japan do not maintain the characteristics of the American product. The quality is distinctly inferior. There seems to be something in the soil or climate that makes it impossible to produce apples of fine flavor; on young trees the fruit grows to good size, but on the older trees it is generally small. 24 Department Circular lk6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. The pear industry of Japan is of considerable importance. During the period 1910-1916 the total production increased 25 per cent, the crop of 1916 amounting to 4,073,253 boxes American measure. The value of the crop in 1916 averaged 64 cents per Aunerican box measure. The citrus fruit industry of Japan appears to be enormous. In 1910 the number of citrus fruit trees, according to Japan’s official statis- tics, was 19,876,840, as compared with 16,887,170 for the United States. But although the plantings in Japan appeared to be greatly in excess of the plantings in Ajnerica, still the Japanese production falls far short of the production in the United States, which was placed by the census of 1910 at 23,502,128 boxes, while the Japanese statistics indicated a total production of approximately 6,200,000 boxes of American measure. The Japanese citrus fruit industry runs largely to oranges. Of these the mandarin greatly exceeds all other varieties combined. The production of lemons and grapefruit is negligible and no separate statistics are kept for them. EXPORTATION OF FRUITS. The operation of innumerable ships between Japan and conti- nental Asia has enabled the Japanese exporter to place his fruits directly into all ports and inland cities at relatively low cost. The presence of numerous Japanese importers and dealers throughout the Orient has constituted an effective medium through which to pro- mote markets for the Japanese products. It is interesting to note that in trading with south China, Japan, unlike the United States, does not depend upon Hongkong as an intermediary. Kwantung Province, which lies just back of Hong- kong, is next to the largest direct receiver of Japanese apples. This trade is handled largely through the city of Canton. Between 1910 and 1915 the total exports of apples increased 50 per cent. The peak was reached in 1914, when 270,620 boxes, equal- ing approximately 450 American carloads, were exported. Of the total exports of 1915, China received 16 per cent, Siberia 76 per cent and the Philippines 5 per cent. The export trade in citrus fruits is confined largely to mandarin oranges, and this is the only type officially recorded by the Japanese Government. During the period 1910-1915 the height of the man- darin trade was reached in 1913, when the equivalent of 472,164 American boxes were exported. This amount was absorbed largely by the two principal markets, Kwantung Province and Siberia, the former receiving 45 per cent, the latter 38 per cent. The trade with China exclusive of Kwantung Province is small, 24,079 boxes being the largest amount sent to that destination in any one year during the period 1910-1915. Markets for American Fruits in China. 25 During the same period Japan began a small trade with the Philip- pines and Australia. It is believed that the Japanese orange may grow to be a formidable competitor of the United States in these markets. In addition to the fact that Japan is a large producer and exporter of fruit, the policy of the Government apparently is designed to exclude or to discourage as far as possible the importation of foreign fruits. The policy seems to be accepted generally by the people and all efforts to introduce foreign fruits on a substantial scale into Japan have failed. APPENDIX. Table 2. Quantity and origin oj Jresh fruits entered at Chinese ports, 1910 - 1916 } Countries. 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Fresh fruits Pounds. 8, 602, 739 Pounds. 11,673,600 Pounds. 19,626,533 Pounds. 29, 248, 000 Pounds. 29, 289, 067 Pounds. Pounds. 22, 519, 333 27, 620, 800 Australasia Canada 2 14, 795 2 15, 664 3, 385,333 1, 757, 467 97, 067 861, 600 2, 346, 660 2 4 19, 080 5,067 24,400 21 332 18, 400 28, 133 2,925,467 11,385, 467 112, 400 1 mo enn 28, 933 533 3, 130, 000 19, 973,067 234, 267 1,487,733 4, 107, 733 270, 667 15,067 25, 467 88, 800 5, 808, 534 15, 933, 200 368, 933 2,422,667 4, 258, 400 304, 533 28, 533 6,000 53, 867 Hongkong . . 3, 644* 000 4, 831, 467 136, 933 945 333 30, 267 53, 067 Japan, including For- mosa 3,363,200 4, 960, 000 Korea (Chosen) Macao 11,393, 333 179, 467 17,754,933 621,600 Russia 1, 942’ 134 122, 000 6, 000 1, U1Z, oUU 3, 841,067 271,600 29, 199 2, 460, 933 962, 133 United States 4,831,866 2, 818, 800 All other countries. . . 248, 800 5,467 379, 333 17,067 on amouuts here iudicate&£**<* ^ Table 3.— Value and origin of fresh fruit entered from various countries at Chinese ports 1910 - 1916 } ’ Countries. 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 ■ Fresh fruits Dollars. 185, 928 Dollars. 94.Q Dollars. 433, 703 Dollars. 486,023 Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. 508, 472 362, 571 534, 329 Australasia Canada 1,480 1,544 55, 030 42, 650 1,809 7, 698 56, 552 15, 652 3, 513 2,444 2, 103 39,346 04 qoa 1,175 1,608 37, 846 220,013 3,018 10, 679 133, 485 24, 099 780 1,685 22 40,497 289,311 4,972 19, 555 106, 965 20, 566 2,456 1,550 892 31, 169 Hongkong 2,135 1,503 3,118 Japan, including For- mosa . 104, 364 40,434 74, 766 Korea (Chosen). . . Macao CTTj OOO 2, 710 Q 907 219, 834 7,727 155,534 3, 252 285,682 18, 138 Russia O, 77 578 39, 938 113,394 32,117 14, 287 United -States 16 036 111,627 84, 517 All other countries . . ; 516 16, 789 2, 741 17,272 440 51,112 540 -? e ? f 0rigin - T he Chinese sta- time Customs: Returns of Trade and Tracks Reports^ ( 1911 , llll; 19 #), VoL RPartin^ ° n Chma ’ S Mari ‘ 26 Department Circular U6, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table 4. — Quantity and origin oj dried jruits entered at Chinese ports, 1911-1916. Countries. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1 1916 Dried fruits Australasia Canada Pounds. 10,348,305 Pounds. 11,667,700 Pounds. 11,681,966 Pounds. 12,008,751 Pounds. 11,717,200 Pounds. 14,433,200 2 31,682 2 90 8, 176,267 596,533 28,533 987, 733 281, 467 104,933 141,067 2 11,300 2 41,837 2 62 10, 289,600 218,400 3,200 724,267 157,200 120,533 163,867 2 3, 232 1,600 10,563,500 121,600 43,333 775,600 125,733 98,933 275,200 267 134 Hongkong Japan, including Formosa. Korea (Chosen) Macao Russia United States All other countries 9. 050. 133 410.267 1,067 656, 133 1.176.133 182.267 180, 400 10, 201,200 337,733 18.667 720,000 227,866 98.667 112,800 12,016,267 476,533 28,133 1,561,333 58,533 177,200 115,067 1 This table includes reexports. Figures are based on China’s Maritime Customs: Returns of Trade and Trade Reports (1911, 1914, 1917), Vol. I, Part III. 2 The trade returns of China give no returns. Amounts are based on estimates made or values given in 1 able 14, original manuscript. Conversion of the picul is on the basis 1 picul=133J pounds. Table 5. — Value oj dried jruits entered at Chinese ports, 1911-1916 . 1 Countries. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 Dried fruits Australasia ' Canada Dollars. 467, 696 Dollars. 555,234 Dollars. 560, 113 Dollars. 603,695 Dollars. 417,926 Dollars 674,993 3,897 38 331,538 11,512 562 46,570 23,223 20,573 29,783 1,400 595 26 453,278 10,700 350 29,979 17,623 24,540 23,022 400 671 482,448 13,357 815 33,917 13,720 28,380 29,987 33 12 Hongkong Japan, including Formosa. Korea (Chosen) Macao Russia United States All other countries 402,222 9,677 43 27, 160 63, 148 26,651 24,933 339,952 17,453 1,043 27,605 14, 132 8,661 9,047 564,130 19,595 519 51,788 8,441 17,256 13,282 1 The table includes reexports. The values represent costs in the countries of origin. The figures are based on China’s Maritime Customs: Returns of Trade and Trade Reports (1911, 1914, 1917), Vol. I, Part III. Conversion of the haikwan tael for the several years has been on the basis of the following rates Of exchange: 1910, $0.66; 1911.. $0.65; 1912, $0.74; 1913, $0.73; 1914, $0.67; 1915, $0,625; 1916, $0.79. Table 6. —Exports oj dried Jruits jrom United States to China proper and Hongkong, 1906-1918. [From the customs returns in the United States Commerce and Navigation Reports.) Year. Dried apples. Dried apricots. Raisins. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 1906 41,412 25,459 66, 871 10,921 1,973 12, 894 35, 241 10, 430 45, 671 1907 50, 237 15,535 65, 772 6,415 900 7,315 51, 130 11,957 63,087 1908 10, 994 10, 950 21,944 2,265 540 2,805 21, 421 14,228 35, 469 1909 19, 935 16,000 35, 935 4,044 2,235 6, 279 24,808 16, 791 41,599 1910 24, 875 14,460 39, 335 4,675 4,400 9,075 24,925 46,525 71,450 1911 22,950 13,895 36,845 6,210 3,450 9,660 34,950 19,385 54,335 1912 30,517 9,650 40,167 9,358 4,575 13,933 36,260 50,423 86, 683 1913 37, 400 18, 400 55,800 23,690 7,795 31,485 56, 253 62, 477 118, 730 1914 35, 725 18, 470 54, 195 12, 571 5,450 18,021 85,107 41, 741 126, 848 1915 23, 840 10, 475 34,315 16, 883 3,645 20, 528 48,925 65, 017 113,942 1916 22, 055 14, 595 36, 650 22, 497 7, 146 29,643 50,202 81,089 131,291 19 j. 7 70, 680 11,375 82,055 19, 627 80,530 100, 157 77, 393 65,904 143,297 1918 50,290 15,926 66,216 41,306 11,593 52,899 179,313 121,111 300,424 Markets for American Fruits in China. 27 Table 6.—. Exports of dried fruits from United States to China proper and Honahona 1906 - 1918 — Continued. Year. Prunes. Dried peaches. Total. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. China proper. Hong- kong. China as a whole. 1906 Pounds. 86, 822 67, 233 58, 178 56, 730 54, 435 55,965 55, 111 129, 880 73, 865 80, 072 97, 699 171,325 157,242 Pounds. 23,375 13, 888 16,880 23,640 21,680 23, 141 24,085 28, 807 29, 305 22, 382 34, 545 37,229 38, 505 Pounds. 1 1A 1Q7 Pounds. 14, 188 4,170 770 1,550 2,000 3,844 4,465 17, 110 7, 125 12, 861 11, 090 62, 555 20, 973 Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 1907 81, 121 75,058 80,370 76, 115 79, 106 79, 196 158,687 103, 170 102, 454 132,244 208, 554 195, 747 960 145 180 15, 078 188, 514 62, 197 250, 711 1908 4,315 179, 185 42,425 221,610 1909... 950 93,448 42, 778 136, 226 165. 808 1910 75 650 325 1,310 1,894 965 400 1, 773 '950 1,146 1,625 107, 067 58, 741 1911 2,650 110,910 87, 715 198,625 1912 4, 169 123, 919 60, 196 184, 115 1913 5, 775 135, 711 90, 043 225, 754 1914 19, 004 264, 333 119, 373 383, 706 1915 8,090 214, 393 95, 931 310,324 1916 13, 261 182, 581 101,919 284, 500 1917 12, 863 203, 543 139, 148 342, 691 1918 63, 505 401, 580 195, 988 597, 568 22, 119 449, 124 188, 281 637, 405 - O THE WORK OF THE HUNTLEY RECLAMATION PROJECT EXPERIMENT FARM IN 1919 By DAN HANSEN Farm Superintendent UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 147 Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry ( Office of Western Irrigation Agriculture) WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief Washington, D. C. January, 1921 WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 I920i THE WORK OF THE HUNTLEY RECLAMATION PROJECT EXPERIMENT FARM IN 1919 . Extent and character of the work Experiments with crops Experiments with live stock Conditions on the project Crop-rotation experiments Silage crops CONTENTS. Page. 3 Sugar beets 3 “Fruit trees 4 Feeding experiments with hogs. 4 Crop-utilization experiments . . . 7 Pasturing experiments 9 Page. 11 12 13 21 23 EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF THE WORK. The work of the Huntley Experiment Farm consists of experi- ments in the production of crop plants of local importance and also experiments in the feeding and care of live stock. The farm was established in 1909 on a tract of about 300 acres of public land, part of which is irrigated, while part of it lies above the irrigation canal and is used for experiments in the production of dry-land crops. 1 he farm is operated cooperatively by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion and is under the supervision of the Office of Western Irrigation Agriculture of the Bureau of Plant Industry. The Office of Dry- Land Agriculture, the Biophysical Laboratory, and other offices of the Bureau of Plant Industry as well as the Dairy Division and the Animal Husbandry Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry are cooperating in the investigational work. The work with live stock was not begun until 1917, when the necessary equipment and stock were provided for carrying on experiments with dairy cattle and hogs. This report treats of the results of the experiments with irrigated crops and covers some of the results of the pasturing and feeding experiments with live stock. experiments with crops. Experiments with irrigated crops include ( 1) crop rotation, (2) test ol pasture grasses, (3) pasturing tests, (4) cropping methods, (5) tests of crop varieties, (6) experiments with sugar beets, (7) experiments with silage crops, and (8) tests of fruit trees and small fruits. 3 4 Department Circular lkl , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. EXPERIMENTS WITH LIVE STOCK. The experiments with live stock consist of ( 1) tests of the carrying capacity of different pasture mixtures with dairy cattle, (2) com- parative feeding tests of corn and sunflower silage for dairy cattle, (3) tests of various grain rations supplementary to alfalfa pasture for hogs, and (4) tests of various feeds for finishing hogs in the dry lot. Tests for advanced registry are being conducted with the pure-bred Holstein cattle. In these tests the cows are fed during one lactation period on roughage consisting of grass pasture alone during the growing season of about 5 months and alfalfa hay and silage for the remaining 7 months, and during another lactation period they are fed complete rations of roughage and grains. Not enough of these tests have been completed to make available any data on the com- parative production of cows under the two methods of feeding. In connection with the dairy work, pure-bred bulls, sons of the highest producing cows, are loaned to farmers on the Huntley project under condition that herds in which these bulls are used shall be kept tested and free from disease and also that milk and feed records shall be kept. It is apparent that this feature of the work is much appreciated by local dairymen, and it is thought that this will be a means of increasing interest in dairying and be of much benefit locally in improving dairy stock. CONDITIONS ON THE PROJECT. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. During the months of April to August, inclusive, the rainfall was only 2.84 inches as compared with 7.56 inches, the normal for the past nine years. The total annual precipitation was 12.22 inches, while the normal for the past nine years was 13.97 inches. During the months of June and July unusually hot weather occurred and a maxi- mum of 107° F. was recorded, which is the highest since the farm was established. The frost-free period extended from May 7 to September 27, or a total of 142 days. The average frost-free period the past nine years was 129 days. The climatological observations in detail, as recorded during the nine years from 1911 to 1919, inclusive, are given in Table I. The weather record observations were made in cooperation with the Biophysical Laboratory of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 5 Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . Table I.— Summary of climatological observations made at the Huntley farm for the 9-year period from 1911 to 1919, inclusive. Experiment Precipitation (Inches). Item. Jan. |Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. ct. Nov. Dec. Total. Average for 9 vears, 1911 to 1919 For 1919 0. 64 .22 0.23 .35 0.66 .67 0. 86 .54 2.21 .83 2.39 .21 1.29 .63 0. 81 .63 1.65 2. 47 1.51 2. 61 0.86 1.96 0.83 1.10 13. 97 12. 22 Evaporation (Inches). Average for 9 years, 1911 to 1919 . , ! 3.549 4.818 5. 072|6. 454 6. 437 9. 253 7. 6431 9. 336 6. 763 6.932 1 ■ 1 32. 632 41. 425 For 1919 ■f . zuy 4. 378j Daily Wind Velocity (Miles per Hour). — : * V Highest: 1911 to 1919.... For 1919 Lowest: 1911 to 1919 For 1919 Mean: 1911 to 1919 For 1919 16.5 14.1 13.2 10.1 .3 .8 2.0 1.5 5.4 4.7 6.5 4.8 i 17.8 17.5 10.2 8.6 7.3 10.5 29.4 25.0 26.6 13.1 8.8 7.5 6.6 7.3 10.5 29.4 25.0 12.5 • 1.0 .9 .4 .3 .3 .4 .8 .5 . l 1.7 2.6 2.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 .8 .5 3 5.5 5.1 4.1 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.9 4.9 4.4 3.7 3.4 3.9 4.7 6.3 5.1 Temperature (°F.). Absolute maximum • 1911 to 1919.... For 1919 65 65 63 62 74 71 87 79 99 107 107 103 102 100 94 85 71 63 Absolute minimum: 1911 to 1919 For 1919 99 98 87 80 59 51 -39 —16 -38 -13 -27 -11 12 22 22 29 34 34 38 34 24 -10 -21 -41 Mean: 41 42 28 -10 -20 -41 1911 to 1919 For 1919 .... 17 33 21 20 32 31 ' 46 47 54 58 64 70 70 68 56 44 33 * 21 73 71 59 35 24 15 • — ! — Killing Frosts. Year. Last in spring. First in autumn. Frost- free period (days). Date. 1 Minimum tempera- ture (°F.). Date. Minimum, tempera' ture (°F.). 1911 May 26 32 Sept. 18 28 114 May 12 28 Sept. 15 31 125 1914 May 5 31 Sept. 19 29 136 May 12 32 Cct. 6 31 146 May 21 32 Sept. 19 32 120 1917 May 16 30 Sept. 13 31 119 May 31 31 Sept. 28 32 119 May 21 32 ( ct. 7 28 138 May 7 29 Sept. 27 32 142 Average May 17 1 Sept. 17 j 129 CROP CONDITIONS. The season of 1919 was unusual in many respects and was rather unfavorable for the growth of some of the farm crops. Conditions of extreme drought prevailed during the growing period and also during the preceding winter, with a consequent shortage of water for 6 Department Circular 147, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. irrigation during a part of the season. Perhaps the greatest loss occurred through lack of sufficient moisture in the soil early in the season to germinate seeds. In ordinary years the natural rainfall is sufficient to start the crops, and irrigation is not necessary until crops are up. Continued drought after the crops were planted made irri- gation necessary to provide moisture for germination, which proved to be a difficult operation because of the heavy nature of the soil. This resulted in poor stands of grain crops and entire failure in many cases to secure a stand of sugar beets. The acreage planted to beets was only about half that of former seasons, and the failure to obtain satisfactory stands resulted in a further reduction of about 50 per cent in the acreage. The first and third cuttings of alfalfa were ex- ceptionally good, and although the water shortage reduced the yield of the second crop, the total production for the season was above the average. Unfavorable weather conditions during the fall interfered seriously in the harvest of sugar beet$ and potatoes, and less than the usual amount of fall plowing was accomplished. The acreage, yields, and farm values of crops on the Huntley proj- ect in 1919 are shown in Table II, the figures being furnished by the United States Reclamation Service. Table II. — Acreage , yields , and farm values of crops produced on the Huntley Reclamation Project in 1919. Yields. Farm values. • • Crop Area (acres). Unit of yield. Total. Per acre. Per unit Total. Per Aver- age. Maxi- mum. of yield. acre. Alfalfa hay 7,045 Ton 18, 713 2.65 6 $19. 66 $367,898 $52.22 Alfalfa seed 146 Bushel 283 .94 10 13.00 3,679 25.20 Apples 12 Box 302 25.16 1.50 453 37.75 Barley 267 Bushel 5,354 20.05 60 1.68 8,995 33.69 Beets, sugar. . 1,136 Ton 12,015 10. 58 20.1 10.00 120, 150 ( l ) 105. 77 Beets stock 94 Clover hay . 56 Ton ^ 123 2.20 3 13.88 1,707 30.50 C Invar seed 188 Bushel 839 4. 46 7.5 10.62 8,910 47.39 f!nm ♦ 179 5,046 28.19 60 1.53 7,720 43.11 Garden 176 20,080 114.09 Oats 1,977 Bushel 58,707 29.69 93.5 1.16 68,000 34.40 Pasture Slimmer 1,389 16,580 11. 94 Pasture winter ^ 16, 733' 40 65,834 3.94 Potatoes Bushel 4,781 103, 149 119. 70 300 1.77 8,462 211.55 Wheat 6,518 138 15. 82 64 2.37 244,463 37. 51 Miscellaneous 6,037 ( 3 ) 43.75 Oat? 52 146 ( a ) Tefal 19,310 948,968 A vprapp 49.14 1 1 No yield; no value. 2 Beets, alfalfa, wheat, oats, etc. 3 No crop value; included in above report. The total cropped area of 19,310 acres remained about the same as in 1918, although the total farm valuation of crops produced was nearly one-fourth higher, due mainly to the increased prices received Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . 7 por unit of yield. Alfalfa and wheat were the principal crops grown, these two crops occupying more than two-thirds of the total cropped area. While the acreage of sugar beets was low as compared to for- mer seasons, the yield per acre of 10.68 tons was more than 2 tons higher than the yield in 1918. The average farm value per acre of all crops was $49.14, as compared to $39 in 1918. LIVE STOCK. The number of cattle, hogs, and sheep kept on project farms in 1919 increased slightly over the previous year, the principal increase being in the number of beef cattle and hogs. The value of hogs, even with the increased number, was less than in 1918, owing to the decline in market values during the latter part of 1919. The total value of all live stock amounted to $73,280 more than in 1918. Conditions on the project appear to be especially favorable for dairying, although the growth of this industry has been rather slow in Veoent years, owing to unsettled conditions and unusually high prices received for hay and grain crops. There appears to be a de- cided tendency for improvement in the grade of dairy stock kept on the project farms, and a few herds of excellent pure-bred Holsteins are being developed. The total number and value of live stock on the project in 1919 is shown in Table III. This information was furnished by the United States Reclamation Service. Table III. Live stock on the Huntley Reclamation Project in 1919 . Item. - __j .Inventory, Jan. 1. Inventory, Dec. 31. Increased or de- creased total value. Number. Average value. Total value. Number. Average value. Total value. Horses 2 120 «i ns 7 a $230,435 5,465 92,517 115, 726 15, 153 43, 205 8, 245 1,603 2, 297 46 2,631 2,040 2,115 3,097 21,456 458 $110.00 $252,670 — Mules 51 «iP±Uo. /u 1117 1 A $22, 235 Cattle: Beef 1,813 1,923 1,130 2,391 15 856 iu / • ID ki nq 81. 50 3, 749 - 1,716 Dairy Sheep Hogs Fowls OI* u<> 60.18 13. 41 18.07 co 47.70 62.30 8. 40 13.64 125, 498 127,092 17, 766 42, 242 32,981 11,366 2,613 - 963 Bees, hives ’ 424 • oz 3.78 .66 5. 35 14, 162 2,450 5,917 847 XUUU 512,349. 585,629 73,280 CROP-ROTATION EXPERIMENTS. A rather extensive series of crop-rotation experiments 1 under irrigation was started on 70 quarter-acre plats in field K in 1912, and continued each year since that time without change. Some additional rotations were begun in 1916 on 27 quarter-acre plats in 1 An outline in detail of the experiments has been given in a previous publication, entitled “The Work of the Huntley Reclamation Project Experiment Farm in 1918.”) (See Dept. Cir. 86, 8 Department Circular 1^7, U . *S. Dept, of Agriculture. field L-IV. In these experiments seven crops of the most impor- tance locally are grown in various sequences, in eleven 2-year, five 3-year, four 4-year, and six 6-year rotations. In addition, each crop is grown continuously each year on the same plat. The crops grown in these experiments are alfalfa, oats, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, corn, and flax. The purpose of these crop-rotation experiments is to determine the effect on crop yields of various crop sequences, to learn the value of alfalfa in a rotation, and to obtain some definite measure of the value of manure when applied to certain crops. Results covering a period of eight years are available from the experiments in field K, and some significant differences in crop yields as a result of the different crop sequences and of the effect of alfalfa and manure are to be noted. There was a wide difference in yields of all of the crops, as shown in Table IV, which gives the maximum, minimum, and average yields of each crop in 1919, as well as the average yield of each crop for the years 1913 to 1918, inclusive. The table indi- cates that alfalfa gave higher yields when seeded in the fall in grain stubble than when seeded the following spring and that the highest yield occurred the second year after planting. Table IY. — Average, maximum, and minimum yields of all crops in the irrigated rota- tions on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919, compared with the average yields of the same crops in the 6-year period from 1913 to 1919, inclusive. Crop and variety. Num- ber of plats. • Yield per acre. Unit of yield. 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Aver- age. Alfalfa (Montana): Spring seeded 5 Ton... . 2.28 0. 47 1.25 2. 22 2 03 2. 07 2.34 2.22 2.20 Fall seeded 4 . . .do 2.77 2.40 2.63 3. 17 3.42 Second year 9 . . .do 6. 81 4. 22 6.09 5.34 5. 71 5.26 7. 14 5.40 5.85 Third year 5 .do 4.31 4. 18 4.24 6. 13 5.38 6.26 7.00 5. 26 5. 35 Continuously cropped.. 5 ...do 6.83 4.61 5. 77 5.45 4.65 4.98 4. 72 4. 62 4. 51 Sugar beets ( Klein wanzle- 19 ...do 15.86 5. 75 10. 15 12.23 9. 82 11. 17 9.58 11.16 13.06 bener). Potatoes ( Mills Prize) 17 Bushel 389.0 98.1 249.3 367.6 218.2 240.3 301.8 167.8 212.7 Oats (Swedish Select) 21 ...do 83.1 22.5 52.7 90.7 75.0 78.2 79.3 89.8 84.2 Wheat (Pringle Champlain) 5 ...do 27.3 27.3 27.3 23.9 26.5 26.5 32.3 32.7 27.2 Corn (Northwestern Dent). 8 ...do 60.0 22.2 42.7 45.9 32.6 36.3 36.9 42.9 42.0 Flax (Minnesota No. 25) 2 . ..do 15.6 1.4 8.5 20.2 18.9 17.7 21.3 18.6 21.7 The yields in 1919 of oats, potatoes, and sugar beets in each rotation and the preceding crop are shown in Table V. The maximum yields of potatoes occurred in rotation 25, which is a 2-year rotation of oats and potatoes in which manure is applied preceding the potatoes. The average yield of two plats of potatoes following oats and manure was 310.6 bushels per acre, while the average yield of two plats of potatoes following oats without manure was at the rate of 249.3 bushels per acre. Five plats following Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. 9 alfalfa yielded at the average rate of 296.9 bushels per acre. The yield of continuously cropped potatoes was about the same as the yield of potatoes following sugar beets and was less than when pre- ceded by alfalfa, oats manured, or oats without manure. In a 2-year rotation of sugar beets and potatoes in which manure was applied immediately preceding the potatoes the yield was much higher than when potatoes followed beets without manure. The maximum yield of sugar beets occurred in the rotations in which beets followed potatoes, the average of six plats being at the rate of 11.17 tons per acre. The average yield of sugar beets in three rotations in which beets followed oats and manure was at the rate of 11.08 tons per acre, while in five rotations in which beets followed oats without manure the yield was at the rate of 9.20 tons per acre. Table V .—Yields per acre of oats, potato.es , and sugar beets with the preceding crops in the irrigated rotations on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . Oats. Preceding crop. Rota- tion No. . » i Yield. Beets 35 Bushels. 1 83. 1 1 Do 64 76.2 Com (hogged) 1 69 73.7 Potatoes 60 71.3 Beets 1 34 68.7 Potatoes ! 61 64.4 Beets 22 63.7 Do i 46 60.0 Oats la 57.5 Alfalfa : 42 57.5 Potatoes 44 | 54.4 Do 1 25 54.4 Com 16 50.0 Beets 23 | 48.1 Potatoes 24 41.9 Do 31 30.6 Do 30 26.9 . Com 32 26.9 Potatoes 27 23.1 1 Oats 1 21.9 Average l 52.7 Potatoes. Rota- Preceding crop. tion Yield. | No. B ushels. Oats (manured). . 25 389. 0 Alfalfa 60 379.7 61 354. 7 64 301. 0 Beets 20 282^3 Oats 34 258.0 Beets (manured) . 21 246.6 Alfalfa 40 246.0 Oats 24 240.6 Oats (manured)..: I 35 232.3 Com 26 221.6 Potatoes 4 204.1 Alfalfa 44 203.1 Potatoes 4a 193.3 Oats (rye) 27 170.0 Beets 30 167.3 do 31 148.0 Average 1 249.3 Sugar beets. Preceding crop. Rota- tion No. Yield. Potatoes 34 Tons. 15.86 Oats (manured).. 61 13.66 Potatoes 35 13.33 Beets 2a 12.92 Potatoes 21 12. 48 Oats 60 12.02 Flax 67 12.00 Oats (manured).. 23 11.90 Potatoes 64 10.39 Alfalfa 46 9. 41 Oats 32 9.33 do 22 20 9.28 8.58 Potatoes Oats 30 7.72 Oats (manured).. 31 7. 70 Oats 42 7.66 Wheat 18 6. 47 Potatoes 40 6. 40 Beets 2 5.75 Average j 10.15 SILAGE CROPS. CORN. Two varieties of corn, Northwestern Dent and a local Yellow Dent, both early maturing, were grown for silage on 17 quarter- acre plats in fields O-II and O-III. These varieties were selected as being the ones most commonly grown locally. Both varieties were fairly well matured at the time of harvest, September 6, and made silage of excellent quality. The average yield of nine plats of Northwestern Dent corn was at the rate of 9.74 tons per acre 14169°— 20 2 10 Department Circular 1^7, U . S. Dept, of Agriculture. * and of local Yellow Dent 8.56 tons per acre. In tests conducted in previous seasons the variety Northwestern Dent has invariably outyielded other varieties of early-maturing com that have been grown. Northwestern Dent corn for silage was also grown on 11 quarter- acre plats in field L-II, where the yield was at the rate of 10.39 tons per acre (fig. 1). SUNFLOWERS. A test of cultural methods with sunflowers grown for silage which was conducted in 1918 was continued in 1919 with some modifica- tions. Sunflowers of the Mammoth Black Russian variety were grown in rows 20, 30, and 40 inches apart. They were planted on Fig. 1.— Northwestern Dent corn grown for silage on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. May 12 with a corn planter, the seed being drilled, the plants in the row averaging about 6 inches apart. The crop required three irrigations. The crop was harvested on August 25, at which time the plants were from one-fourth to one-half in bloom in the different plats. Experience of the previous season appeared to indicate that if harvested when more nearly matured the crop made a* silage which was rather hard and woody, and consequently not palatable to stock. The silage made from the crop grown in 1919 appeared to be of better quality than that grown in 1918 and kept in better condition in the silo, although it was not in perfect condition when removed from the silo and was not readily eaten by cattle when fed in a comparative test of corn and sunflower silage. The yields in the 1919 test are given in Table VI, being the average in each case of four one-fourth acre plats. Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. H Iable VI. Yields of sunflowers for silage on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . Width of row. Yield. Pounds per plat. Tons per acre. Inches. 20 30 40 14, 876 13, 875 13,626 29. 75 27. 75 27.25 Table VI indicates that the highest yield of 29.75 tons per acre occurred on the plats in which the rows were 20 inches apart, and the lowest on the plats on which the rows were 40 inches apart. Similar results were secured in a similar test in 1918. The silage made from the sunflowers grown in the 20-inch rows was also of better quality, being less coarse and woody. SUGAR BEETS. ROOT-LOUSE CONTROL. An experiment to determine the means of preventing damage to sugar beets by invasion of the beet root louse was continued as in previous seasons, this being the sixth year of the experiment. Vary- ing numbers of irrigations, from two to five, were applied, the plats receiving the larger number of irrigations being irrigated the first time somewhat earlier and the last time later than is commonly done in farm practice. The beet root lice migrate to the beet fields during the early part of July and under favorable conditions enter the soil around the beet roots, where they increase rapidly in numbers and do serious damage to the crop unless they are checked. A dry, cracked soil at this time appears to be favorable to their becoming established. It was the purpose of the experiment to determine whether early irrigation and frequent later irrigations to keep the soil in a moist condition at all times would be effective against the spread of the root lice and in preventing serious damage to the beet crop. In ordinary practice an average of three irrigations is applied to beets, and the first is usually not applied until after the migration period of the root lice. Drought during the early part of the season made it necessary to irrigate to germinate the seed, which was done on June 1, and also to irrigate all of the plats jigain on June 23, before thinning. Dates of irrigation after the crop was thinned were as follows: Five irriga- tions July 11, 20, and 30 and August 12 and 25; four irrigations — July 11 and 20 and August 5 and 20; three irrigations — July 18 and August 5 and 20; two irrigations — July 25 and August 20. 12 Department Circular U7, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. The yields, amount of infestation, and sugar content of the beets are shown in Table VII. Table VII.— Yield, sugar content, and percentage oj infestation oj sugar beets in the root-louse control experiments on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. L-II-9a L-II-9b L-II-10a L-II-lOb L-II-lla L-II-llb... L-II-12a... L-II-i2b.... L-II-13a. . . L-II-13b . . . . L-II-14a L-II-14b. . . . L-II-15a . . . . L-II-15b L-II-16a L-II-16b Average. Do.. Do.. Do.. Number of irriga- tions. Tons per acre. Sugar content (per cent). Infestation (percent). Total. Injurious. Stand (plants per acre). 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 13.65 12. 74 13.33 12. 61 9. 46 12. 52 12. 27 13.31 14.80 13.45 13. 46 11.49 8.59 8. 87 10.96 13.91 16.3 16.3 15.7 16.4 14.7 14.6 16.0 15.2 15.6 15.0 12.7 14.5 17.4 16.3 14.3 14.5 20. 19 23. 42 43.24 50.82 11.71 27.23 48.08 51.78 10.02 20. 49 27.89 43.92 8.66 10. 08 10.69 24. 12 2.41 2.0 7.46 10.38 .80 3.48 ' 13.31 12.94 .31 2. 12 5.76 9. 19 .60 .73 1.52 3.58 16, 758 17,100 17,127 16,893 12,060 14,472 16,695 17,658 17,325 15,678 15, 777 13,995 13,293 12,222 13,041 15,300 " 5 11.62 16.0 12.64 1.03 4 11.89 15.5 20. 30 2.08 3 12.51 14.7 32.47 7.01 2 12.83 15.1 42.66 9.02 The results indicate that the percentage of infestation increased consistently as the number of irrigations was decreased. It is also noted that there appeared to be a decrease in the sugar content in the beets where the percentage of infestation was higher. While the average yield from the plats that received five irrigations was less than on the plats that were irrigated two and three times, it will be noted that poor stands occurred on some of the plats receiving the higher number of irrigations and that if the plats of poor stands are eliminated in considering the results the plats that received five irri- gations were highest in yield, while the lowest yield occurred on the plats that received two irrigations. The results in these experiments in previous years appear to indicate that less infestation by the root lice occurs when five irrigations are applied, that the yields are in- creased, and that the beets that are free from lice invariably contain a larger percentage of sugar. FRUIT TREES. Tests of about 50 varieties of apples indicate that only the hardiest varieties will withstand the severe winter conditions and that these hardy varieties make but very slow growth and do not bear fruit for a number of years after planting. In 1919 the Northwestern ( North- western Greening), Patten ( Patten's Greening), and Wealthy varieties, trees of which were planted in 1911 and 1912, yielded from 10 to 60 pounds per tree, this being the first fruit produced by these trees. Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. 13 All of the varieties of crab apples that have been tried have proved to be hardy and have borne fruit in four to five years after planting. The varieties that have produced the largest quantity of fruit are the Lyman (Lyman’s Prolific ), Excelsior, and Florence. Trees of these varieties that were planted in 1911 and 1912 yielded from 30 to 50 pounds of fruit each in 1919. FEEDING EXPERIMENTS WITH HOGS. The swine-feeding experiments conducted during the season of 1919 were planned to carry on the work outlined in 1917 and 1918, with the addition of a more thorough investigation of the feeding a alue of barley. This work was conducted in cooperation with the Animal Husbandry Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The pigs used were, with one exception, pure-bred Duroc-Jerseys, all sired by the same boar. One spring pig in the pasturing experi- ment was a high-grade Duroc- Jersey . The pasture plats were in field A-III, which was seeded in 1916 and used as a hog pasture in 1917 and 1918. FATTENING FALL PIGS IN A DRY LOT AND ON ALFALFA PASTURE i On July 7, 50 fall pigs, previously on irrigated rotations and dry- land pastures, were divided into six lots and fed barley or corn supplemented with different protein feeds to determine the fattening qualities of the several rations. The experiment extended over a period of four weeks. Lots 1 to 4 contained three barrows and three gilts each, their average weight* being 168 pounds. These hogs were fed in a dry lot on the following rations: Lot 1, barley and skim milk; lot 2, corn and skim milk; lot 3, barley and tankage in the proportion of 10 pounds to 1 pound ; lot 4, barley alone. Lot 5, with seven barrows and six gilts, and lot 6, with six barrows and seven gilts, averaged about 133 pounds per pig. Each lot had access to alfalfa pasture, consuming the equivalent of the second cut- ting of hay from one-eighth of an acre. Lot 5 received a grain ration of ground barley, and lot 6 received ground barley and tankage fed in the proportion of 1 0 to 1 . The grain ration was hand fed twice a day, being all that the hogs would eat in 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table VIII. A comparison of lots 1 and 2 indicates the relative values of corn and barley when supplemented with skim milk. For each pound of gam made the hogs consumed 3.32 pounds of corn and 3.53 pounds of barley. Thus 94 pounds of corn were equal to 100 pounds of barley in this test. by Ralph E ' G ° ngWer ’ Wh0 had charge of the animal-husbandry work of the station, being detailed for this work by the Animal Husbandry Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 14 Department Circular 1W , U. S . Dept, of Agriculture . Table VIII. — Results of experiment in finishing fall pigs on various rations supple- mentary to alfalfa pasture on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . Items of comparison. Lot 1, barley, skim milk. Lot 2, corn, skim milk. Lot 3, barley, 10 pounds; tankage, 1 pound. Lot 4, barley. Lot 5, barley, alfalfa pasture. Lot 6, barley, 10 pounds: tankage, 1 pound : alfalfa pasture. Duration of experiment days. . Number of pigs in lot Daily feed, consumption: Grain, per hundredweight. . .pounds. . Milk do 28 ~ 6 3.26 5.75 167.3 216.2 1.74 1,034 1,821 3.53 6.22 28 6 2.89 5.62 169.8 216.8 1.68 935 1,821 3.32 6. 46 28 6 3.6 28 6 3.5 28 13 3.64 28 13 3.72 Average weight: Initial do Final ....>^ do Daily gain do Total feed consumed: Grain do Skim milk do 166.8 209.8 1.54 1,115 167.2 207.5 1.44 1,080 134.2 166.7 1.16 1,964 132.3 163.5 1.13 1,964 Feed consumed per pound cf gain: Grain do Skim milk do 4.32 4.46 4.65 4.84 ■ Lots 1, 3, and 4 show the value of barley supplemented with skim milk, compared to barley with a tankage supplement and barley fed alone. Barley and skim milk produced the most rapid gains, but barley and tankage proved to be the most economical ration when the value of the skim milk consumed in lot 1 is considered. A ration of barley alone made the slowest gains and required the most grain per unit of gain. Lots 5 and 6 are not comparable to the first four lots, as the pigs were smaller and were somewhat stunted, due to running on dry-land pastures just previous to the experiment. Lots 5 ajid 6 gained at about the same rate, but the barley and tankage lot required 18 pounds more feed to produce 100 pounds of pork. The addition of tankage to the ration also increased the cost of the feed in lot 6 over that in lot 5 on barley alone. Barley and tankage fed in the proportion of 10 pounds to 1 pound produced the cheapest gains of any ration fed and were only slightly below the barley or corn plus the skim-milk ration with respect to rapidity of gains. Tankage was unnecessary in a ration of barley when the pigs had access to good alfalfa pasture. FATTENING FALL PIGS ON ALFALFA PASTURE. Two lots of 1 1 hogs each were placed on two quarter-acre plats of alfalfa on May 15, and remained for a period of 35 days. Lot 1 received a full feed of ground barley and lot 2 a full feed of shelled corn, in order to test the relative merits of the two feeds for fattening purposes. The results obtained are noted in Table IX. The gains besides being more rapid in the corn-fed lot were also made with less grain and hay, 77 pounds of corn producing as much Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919: 15 pork as 100 pounds of barley with 21 per cent less hay. These results indicate that for a short, quick finish on alfalfa pasture, corn produces pork more rapidly and economically than barley. Table IX. Comparison of barley and corn for fattening fall pigs on alfalfa pasture on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . Items of comparison. Lot 1, 1 barley. Lot 2, corn. Initial weight: Total, on May 15 Average per pig on May 15. Final weight: Total, on June 19 Average per pig on June i9 Total gain 1 1,449 131.7 1,933 175.7 1,450 131.8 2,063 187.5 Average daily gain, 35 days Feed consumed: Total grain 484 1.26 613 1,59 2, 153. 2 Daily grain per hundredweight of body 2, 219. 5 3.71 Feed consumed per pound of gain: Grain 3.46 Hay equivalent 4. 59 3.51 - . .62 .49 COMPARISON OF BARLEY AND CORN FOR BROOD SOWS WITH SUCKLING PIGS. On April 1, 11 pure-bred Duroc- Jersey sows with pigs of an average age of 2 weeks were divided into two lots as nearly equal in total weight and number of pigs per lot as was possible. Both lots were fed equal quantities of skim milk, and each sow received 2 pounds of mill feed, and one-quarter pound of tankage per day. Lot 1 received in addition a grain ration of ground barley in comparison with lot 2 receiving a grain ration of corn. Sufficient grain was fed to keep the sows from losing too much flesh. The experiment covered a period of five weeks. On May 14, four sows were divided into two lots as nearly equal in total weight as was possible when leaving an equal number of pigs in each lot. These two lots, 3 and 4, were grazed on two quarter-acre plats of alfalfa, the crop being nearly 12 inches high when the sows and pigs were turned on. Lot 3 received a 2 per cent ration of barley and lot 4 a 2 per cent ration of corn to supplement the pasture. The experiment extended from May 14 to June 11. The results obtained m these two tests are combined in Table X. Comparing lots 1 and 2, the results show that a heavier ration was required to maintain weight in the sows fed with corn than in those fed with barley, a 1.92 per cent ration of barley equaling a 2.18 per cent ration of corn. Although the pigs running with the sows that were fed corn gained more rapidly, more grain was required to pro- duce a pound of this gain. In lots 3 and 4 a 2 per cent grain ration failed to prevent severe loss in weight of the sows while on pasture, and the daily loss for the corn-fed sows was almost twice as great as for the barley-fed lot. n this case the pigs in lot 3 fed on barley gained more rapidly than 16 Department Circular 1k7 y U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. those in lot 4, or 0.62 pound per day per head compared to 0.38 pound per day' per head. The loss in weight of the two sows on alfalfa pas- ture plus a 2 per cent ration of corn was so great that it outweighed the gain in weight of the pigs, showing a net loss of 9 pounds. The 2 per cent ration seemed to be inadequate for their needs. In lot 3 on the barley ration the sows maintained their weight better, the pigs gained more rapidly, and less grain was required per unit of gain. Table X . — Comparison oj barley and corn when fed in a dry lot and on the alfalfa pasture for brood sows with suckling pigs on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. Items of comparison. Lot 1, barley. Lot 2, corn. Lot 3, barley. Lot 4, com. Dry-lot period days. . 35 35 Pasture period do ' 28 28 Number of sows 5 I 6 2 2 Number of pigs 38 41 15 15 Total initial weight: Sows 1,871 2,057 678 734 Pigs 318 380 264 152 Total final weight: Sows do.... 1,780 1,959 592 565 Pigs do 899 1,088 496 312 Average daily weight : Loss per sow do .52 .46 1.53 3.02 Gain per pig do .44 .49 .62 .38 Total weight, sows and pigs: Initial do 2, 189 2,437 942 886 Final do 2,679 3,047 1,088 877 Gain do 490 610 146 9 Feed consumed: Skim milk do 2,450 2,450 Mill feed do 350 420 Tankage do 43.75 52.5 Alfalfa pasture (hay equivalent)... do. . 600 600 Grain do 1,642.5 2,096 372 387 Grain per hundredweight, sows do . 1.92 2. 18 2.02 2.00 Grain consumed per pound of gain: Sows and pigs : do 3.35 3.44 2.55 0) Pigs alone do 2. 81 2.96 1.60 2. 42 1 No gain. The results are corroborated by a test conducted at this station in 1917. In two lots of two sows each, one lot fed corn and the other fed barley and both grazing on alfalfa pasture, a pound of gain was produced in the pigs with 2.18 pounds of barley while 2.5 pounds of corn were required. Considering these facts, it was found that for a brood sow with suckling pigs, whether in a dry lot or on alfalfa pasture, a barley ration seemed to maintain a more uniform weight in the sows and produce cheaper gains on the pigs than corn. VARYING GRAIN RATIONS FOR SPRING PIGS ON ALFALFA PASTURE. Eight lots of eight pigs each, as nearly uniform in age, weight, and breeding as possible to select, were placed on alfalfa pasture on June 17 for a period of 99 days. Lots 1, 2, and 3 received corn at the rate of 1 per cent, 2 per cent, and 3 per cent, respectively, of the body weight per day; lot 4 received corn from a self-feeder; lots 5, 6, Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . and 8 received ground barley at the rate of 1 per cent, 2 per cent, and 3 per cent, respectively, of the body weight per day; and lot 7 re- ceived no grain. All lots were on divided pasture with the excep- tion of lot 5, and all lots grazed quarter-acre areas except lot 7, which grazed half an acre. The results are noted in Table XI. FI T. 2. No gram ’ spring pigs at the end of the pasture season, average weight 63.6 pounds, on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. Table Xl.-Feedmg varying grain rations to spring pigs in lots of eight each on alfalfa pasture on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 , ^ ^ [Area of pasture for lot 7 one-half acre, for all other lots one-fourth acre each.] Items of comparison. Lot 1, 1 per cent com. Lo|; 2, 2 per cent com. Lot 3, 3 per cent com. Lot 4, self-fed com. Lot 5, 1 per cent barley. Lot 6, 2 percent barley. Lot 7, no grain. Lot 8, 3 per cent barley. Average weight, per pig: . Initial, June 17.... Pounds. 40.1 63.6 .236 748 2. 18 Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 40.1 139.2 1.001 3,172 3.23 Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Final, September 24 .. . Daily gain w, O 71.5 Q1 Q 40. 2 108.8 41.0 60.0 40.8 71.9 40.5 53.1 40.6 90.0 Pork produced per acre • O I«J 992 o ra . 693 2,196 .192 .314 .128 .499 Feed consumed per pound of gain: Grain 608 996 202 1,580 Hay equivalent 1 . X w U. O^X 3.27 | 3. 00 1.48 2.63 3. 41 3. 66 1 i i. oo 1.02 5.33 3.25 i6.00 2.05 e T ta\he1it 0 two y cuTtoS Umated tW ° cheCk plats yte,ding “‘the rate of 3^240 pounds of hay per Table XI shows that the rate of gain increases with the amount of fJTioo ' i rece,vin g no S‘' ain > made an average daily gain f 0. .28 pound per pig, while the grain-fed lots increased in daily gain as the gram ration increased up to 1 pound per day in the self- ted lot. (See figs. 2 and 3.) The gram required per pound of gain was highest in the 3 per cent barley lot. In the lots fed barley the least grain was required to 18 Department Circular ik7, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. produce a pound of pork in the 1 per cent lot, followed in turn by the 2 per cent and the 3 per cent lots. In the lots fed corn, the 2 per cent lot made poor gains and hence required the largest weight of corn per pound of gain. Aside from this lot, the corn-fed lots arranged themselves, as did the barley-fed lots, with respect to grain consumed per pound of pork produced, the self -fed lot requiring the most grain and the 1 per cent lot the least grain. The amount of pasture consumed per pound of gain, reduced to a hay basis, decreased with each increase in the grain fed. This was true both in the barley and in the corn fed lots. This experiment Fig. 3.— Spring pigs on alfalfa pasture and self-fed com at the end of the pasture season, average weight 139.2 pounds, on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. also affords a comparison of the value of corn and barley as supple- ments to alfalfa pasture between lots 1, 2, and 3, fed corn, and lots 5, 6, and 8, fed barley. The average of these three comparisons shows that 90 pounds of corn are equal to 100 pounds of barley. DRY -LOT PERIOD. An accurate conception of the relative values of these various grain rations on alfalfa pasture is obtained after the pigs have reached a marketable weight. This necessitates a drv-lot finishing period for all lots. Six representative pigs were selected from each lot and placed in a dry lot on September 25. Each lot was fed all the alfalfa hay that the pigs would consume, also ground barley and tankage in a self- feeder, mixed in the proportion of 10 pounds of barley to 1 pound of tankage. The results are noted in Table XII. Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919 . 19 Items of comparison. Dry-lot period days Average weight per pig: Initial, September 25, pounds Final pounds. Daily gain do... Total feed consumed: Grain do... n do... ijrain fed per pound of gain do. Loti, 1 per cent corn. Lot 2, 2 per cent corn.i Lot 3, 3 per cent corn. Lot 4, self-fed corn. Lot 5, 1 per cent barley. Lot 6, 2 per cent barley. Lot 7, no grain. Lot 8, 3 per cent barley. 85 73 62 41 78 76 105 56 68.7 181.7 1.33 78.2 186.6 1.48 103.7 196.2 1.49 133.0 198.5 1.60 65.8 182.7 1.50 70 174.0 1.37 56.7 200.0 1.36 98.5 193.3 i . 69 5,506 55 2,764 33 2,780 30 1,926 10 3,763 57 3,315 54 4,581 27 2,912 59 5.17 5.10 | 1 5.01 4.90 5.37 5.31 5.33 5.12 suLSd 6 Pig deveI °P ed hernia and wa s removed from the lot. Correction has been made for the grain con- ,i f SlW gt ^ dry ; l0t f Peri0d there WaS VCry Iittle choice between the eight lots in the rate of gain and in the feed consumed per unit of gain the most rapid gams were made in lot 8, 1.69 pounds per pig per day and the lowest gams were in lot 1 , 1 .3.3 pounds per pig per day. The gram required per pound of gain was highest in lot 5, 5.37 pounds and the lowest in lot 4, 4.90 pounds. All lots made reasonable gains and none of the pigs appeared to be stunted or unthrifty due to their united grain ration during the pasture season. The results from the pasture and dry-lot periods are combined in Table XIII. T ‘“ — [Area of pasture lor lot 7, one-half acre, for all other lots one-fourth acre each.] Items of comparison. Lot 1 , 1 per cent corn. Lot 2, 2 per cent com. Lot 3, 3 per cent corn. Lot 4, self-fed corn. Lot 5, 1 per cent barley. Lot 6. 2 per cent barley. Lot 7, no grain . Lot 8, 3 per cent barley. Pasture period days 99 99 99 62 _ 99 41 99 78 99 76 Dry-lot period do 85 73 99 105 99 56 Total Weight per pig: Initial pounds. . At end of pasture sea- 184 172 161 140 177 175 204 155 40.1 40.5 40.2 40.1 40.0 40.8 40.5 40.6 . son pounds. . At beginning of dry-lot 63.6 71.5 108.8 139.2 60. y 71.9 53.1 90.0 season pounds. . Final do.... Daily gain do Total feed consumed: 68.7 181.7 .74 78.2 186.6 .86 103.7 196. 2 1.00 133.0 198.5 1.18 65.8 182.7 .77 70.0 174.0 .77 56.7 200.0 .76 98.5 193.3 .93 Grain do. Hay and hay equiva- 5,083 5,300 5,349 5,130 5,417 5,264 6,108 5,329 lent pounds.. T eed consumed per pound of 883 863 850 823 886 882 1,656 889 gain: Grain pounds. . Hay do.... 4.66 .81 4 :ll 4.15 .66 3.90 .62 4.98 .81 4.87 .82 4.89 1.33 4.62 .77 The average grain consumption per pound of gain for all lots on t “7 ° f ‘r, w - 3js »»""*■ *« «» U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. from one pasture to the other every 10 to 14 days, as the pasture required. The number of sheep varied during the season, enough sheep being kept to consume all of the pasture. The first ewes and their lambs were placed on pasture on May 11, and the last lambs removed on October 4. During the season of 146 days an average of five ewes and nine lambs were carried per acre of pasture. Cal- culated to a standard basis, the ewes gained 96 pounds and the lambs 424 pounds from each acre pastured. PASTURING EXPERIMENTS WITH DAIRY COWS.i A pasturing experiment with dairy cattle to determine the carry- ing capacity of three pasture mixtures which was conducted in 1918 Fig. 4.— Sheep on pasture consisting of bluegrass and white clover on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. was continued in 1919. The mixtures used in this test and the rate of seeding of each of the grasses and clovers in the mixtures were as shown in Table XX. Table XX . — Pasture mixtures and rates of seeding in a carrying-capacity test with dairy cattle on the Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. Rate per acre of seeding (pounds). Awnless brome-grass Orchard grass Tall fescue Perennialry e-grass. . Kentucky bluegrass. White clover Alsike clover Seed per acre. . Pasture mixtures. Mixture Mixture Mixture No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 2 2 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 21 17 16 1 This report was prepared by Mr. J. B. Shepherd, who was detailed by the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry to have charge of the work with dairy cattle. 25 Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. These pastures were seeded in 1916 and cut for hay in 1917. There were 2 acres of each pasture mixture, and the pastures in each case were divided. Since the number of cows in the herd was limited, not enough cows in milk were available for all the pasture experiments, and some of the cows in each lot were dry during the course of the experi- ment. The cows in milk were divided into as nearly equal lots as was possible with respect to the length of the lactation period, previ- ous and present production, weight, and date of next calving. In 1918 the cows were not placed on pasture until May 22, and a crop of hay was harvested from the pastures before the pasturing experiment was begun. The pasture period for mixtures Nos. 1 and 3 extended to October 12, or a total of 144 days. The cows on pasture mixture No. 2 were removed on October 2 because of short pasturage, so that the pasture period qn this mixture was only 134 days. Three cows were placed on each mixture at the beginning of the test. A fourth cow was added to each group on June 10, as it was found that three cows could not keep the pastures grazed closely enough. They were removed on August 23, only three cows remain- ing in each group after that date. Two cows on mixture No. 1 were producing milk during the entire pasture season, but the third cow was dry throughout the season. The fourth cow, which was placed on each mixture from June 10 to August 22, was a dry cow in each case. On mixture No. 2 there were three milking cows, but they were taken from pasture and from the experiment 10 days earlier than were those on mixtures Nos. 1 and 3. On mixture No. 3 two cows were milking part of the season; the third was dry. In 1919 the cows were placed on pasture on May 8, four cows in each group. One cow was removed from mixtures Nos. 1 and 2 on June 23 and one from mixture No. 3 on June 25. The three cows remaining in each group were carried on the pasture for the re- mainder of the pasture season with the exception of one week begin- ning July 9, when they were all removed to allow the pastures to recover from too close grazing. The pasture season extended to September 28, a total of 141 days. All four cows on each mixture were milking at the beginning of the pasture season. Of the three cows which were on mixture No. 1 during the entire season, two continued to milk until they Were taken off pasture, while the third cow went dry on September 10. Two of the three cows on mixture No. 2 were milking throughout the season, while the third cow was dry on August 13. Two cows on mixture No. 3 milked throughout the season, the third going dry on August 13. The cow removed from each mixture the latter part of June was milking during the time she was on the experiment. The pastures in each part of the experiment were divided and each part pastured alternately for periods of five days to two weeks, de- 26 Department Circular lkl , U. S. Dept, of Agriculture .* pending upon pasturage conditions. Each part of the pasture was irrigated soon after the cows were removed to the alternate pasture until early in September. Table XXI gives the results per acre obtained from each of the three mixtures in 1918 and 1919. Table XXI . — Results of pasturing experiments with dairy cows on the Huntley Experi- ment Farm in 1918 and 1919. Items of comparison. Mixture No. 1. Mixture No. 2. Mixture No. 3. 1918 1919 1918 1919 1918 1919 Length of grazing season days. . Grazing period per acre do Alfalfa hay fed while cows were off pas- ture pounds.. Average daily number of cows per acre Average gain in weight per cow during season (three cows in each case). pounds . . Milking period per acre days. . Production per acre: Milk pounds.. Butterfat do Skim milk do Hay do 144 202 1,475 1.402 115 159.5 3.016.2 105.04 2.666.3 2,674 141 216.5 536 1.535 125.6 227.5 4,527.8 168. 05 3, 967. 4 134 197.4 1,115 1.352 64 201 4,041.6 129. 96 3,609.1 2, 140 141 216.5 513 1.535 39.2 213.5 3, 789. 5 137. 61 3,330.8 144 207 1,530 1.444 44 85 2,587.8 83.95 2,308.3 1,278 141 217.5 542 1.543 112.3 214.5 3,998.9 128.62 3,570.2 Values per acre : Butterfat Skim milk Total of butterfat and skim milk. . . Hay at $15 per ton $44.94 13.33 $90. 58 19.83 $53. 86 18. 05 $74. 17 16.65 $36. 80 16.65 $69.33 17.85 58. 27 110. 41 71.91 90.82 48.34 87.18 20. 05 78.32 11.06 67.26 16.05 87.96 8.36 81.60 9.58 57. 92 11.47 46.45 Total of butter fat, milk, and hay Hay fed ($15 per ton in 1918; $20pertonin 1919) 5.36 105.05 5. 15 85.67 5.42 81.76 Net returns per acre The number of grazing days denotes the total number of 24-hour days that the cows were pastured on each acre. The number of milking days denotes the number of 24-hour days that the cows in milk were on the experiment. The value of the butter fat was computed at the actual average price received in each case, being, in 1918, 42.8 cents per pound for cows on pasture mixture No. 1; 41.44 cents for those on mixture No. 2; and 43.82 cents for those on mixture No. 3. In 1919 the average price received in each case was 53.9 cents per pound. Skim milk was uniformly valued at 50 cents per 100 pounds. The cows were off pasture during stormy weather, when pastures were short, or on account of injury to a cow, and at night after August 28, 1918, and September 14, 1919. It was during these periods that the hay noted in the above table was fed. The large net income per acre received from pasture mixture No. 2 in 1918, which was $81.60 as compared with $67.26 for mixture No. 1 and $46.45 for mixture No. 3, was undoubtedly due to the longer period that the cows in milk were on that pasture mixture. In 1919 the results from the different pasture mixtures were more nearly the same, corresponding closely with the number of milking Huntley Experiment Farm in 1919. 27 days per acre. Since the number of milking days was larger in 1919 and butter fat had a greater value per pound, greater returns resulted in each instance over 1918. While the average number of cows per acre was practically the same on all of the mixtures, it was apparent from observation that the amount and growth of the pasture on mix- tures Nos. 1 and 3 were greater than for mixture No. 2, and it was evident that the addition of a small proportion of clover increased the production of the pastures. Mixture No. 1 appeared to have a slight advantage in growth over mixture No. 3, indicating that brome-grass is a valuable addition in a pasture mixture. CARRYING CAPACITY OF AN ACRE OF IRRIGATED PASTURE. An experiment to determine the maximum carrying capacity of an acre of mixed-grass pasture was conducted in field A, on 1 acre of pasture seeded to mixture No. 1, already described. This pasture was seeded in 1916 and was top-dressed with manure in 1917 and 1918. The pasture was divided and each part pastured alternately in periods of 5 to 10 days. The pasture season began on May 8 and closed on September 28, a period of 141 days. Two cows were carried on this acre throughout the season with the exception of one week beginning July 9, when they were removed because of too close grazing. Four cows were used on this experiment during the summer. Of the two cows (Nos. 204 and 218) placed on the experiment on May 8, No. 204 was removed on July 23, being replaced by cow No. 216 three days later. Cow .No. 218 was removed on September 11, being replaced by cow No. 215 on that date. With the exception of one week beginning July 17, when cow No. 218 was dry, the cows were all giving milk during the time they were on the experiment. Cow No. 204 gained 9 pounds while on the experiment; cow No. 218 gained 40 pounds, and cow No. 216, 31 pounds. Cow No. 215 was on the experiment only 18 days and lost 17 pounds during that period. 1 he carrying capacity proved to be greater than that of the pastures used m the pasture-mixture experiment. Table XXII gives the results obtained in this test. Table XXII -Remits of tl^ maximum carrying capacity of an irrigated pasture on the Huntley Experiment Farm m 1919. Items of comparison.- 1919 Items of comparison. 1919 Length of grazing season days Grazing period per acre do' Alfalfa hay fed while cows were off pas- tUTe. . nnnmln 141 255 768 1.808 275 Values per acre: Butter fat $100.40 26. 64 Skim milk Average daily number of cows per acre Milking period per acre days PrOdllPtlATl T~\ nr opro* Total of butter fat and skim milk. 127. 04 1 vuui;tu/ii ptJI aCIc. pounds.. Butter fat d« 5, 992. 5 199. 12 5,328.8 V alue of alfalfa hay fed, at $20 per ton 1 | Net returns per acre of pasture 7768 119. 36 Skim milk rin i o ) '■ ■ . Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics United States Department of Agriculture and State Agricultural Colleges, Cooperating THE FARM WOMAN’S PROBLEMS FLORENCE E. WARD In Charge, Extension Work with Women Office of Extension Work North and West UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 148 Contribution from the States Relations Service A. C. TRUE, Director Washington, D. C. November, 1920 WASHINGTON S GOVERNMENT PRINTING office : 1920 FOREWORD. In this circular may be found data with interpre- tations relating to the work and problems of 10,044 farm women in the Northern and Western States, with an indication as to how some of these problems are being met through the aid of home-demonstra- tion agents working in cooperation with groups of farm women. Refore agriculture and rural life can reach its highest development the farm home and the rural community must be made as efficient, as attractive, and as satisfying to the whole family as the farm is to the farmer. This calls for better rural schools, better roads, better health facilities, more modern conveniences in the home, more attention to home beautification, and more time for play, for social life and hospitality among rural people. Help in the farm home is rare and exceedingly difficult to obtain. The data reported in this paper show that if the farm woman is to take her part in the social and civic life of her own family and the community in which she lives, her work and the con- ditions surrounding the home must be so adjusted as to make this possible. Making life in the farm home satisfying is one of the big problems of the open country to-day and one which the cooperative agricultural extension service is helping to meet through the home demonstration agents, whose work is touched upon in this circular. Chief , Office of Extension Work, North and West . THE FARM WOMAN’S PROBLEMS. CONTENTS. Page. A survey of farm home conditions 3 How the survey was made 4 Interpreting the data 4 Economic importance of the farm woman g Some facts from the survey 7 Page. Sidelights from the survey 14 Problems revealed by the survey 16 The survey and the extension service- 16 Home-economics specialists 19 Activities 19 Future studies 24 A SURVEY OF FARM HOME CONDITIONS. The farm home is a vital part of the farm. The business of farming, unlike banking, storekeeping, and manufacturing, is a family matter. The wife is a necessary partner in the business. Heretofore much attention has been given to the farm and the farmer, but relatively little to the farmer’s wife and the home. With the desire # to extend to the farm woman the most practical and acceptable assistance possible in promoting her ivork, the De- partment of Agriculture, in cooperation with the State colleges of agriculture and county farm bureaus, made in 1919 a survey of about 10,000 representative farm homes in the rural regions of the 33 Northern and Western States to learn from the farm women themselves their real problems and how the extension service may aid in solving them. This survey is believed to be one of the most significant pieces of work yet undertaken in the field of farm home studies. One needs but to follow the average woman of the survey through a week’s routine to realize her many problems and to gain some con- ception of the vitality and skill called into play by her duties as cook, seamstress, laundress, and nurse; family purchasing agent; teacher of her children; and factor in community life; as well as producer of dairy, garden, and poultry products. The 10,000 records received from farm women were secured largely by home-demonstration agents between June and October, 1919. These present convincing evidence as to actual living and working conditions under which farm women are meeting their responsh bilities as partners in the farming business, and unmistakably point to certain definite kinds of assistance which the cooperative exten- sion service can extend to rural homes of the Northern and Western States. 3 4 Department Circular lk8, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. HOW THE SURVEY WAS MADE. It may properly be asked at the outset to what extent the homes surveyed are typical of farming conditions over the 33 Northern and Western States in which the studies were made. The plan fol- lowed was (1) to choose the most typical farming counties of each State; (2) to take one or more of the most typical farming communi- ties in each county; (3) to secure a record from every farm home in the locality selected, irrespective of size, farm tenure, prosperity of farm family, or other conditions ; (4) to select, if possible, a locality containing from 35 to 50 homes; and (5) to include in the survey none but bona fide farm homes. A study of the returns show that Pig. 1. — Counties reporting work on the farm home survey. The survey included reports from 10,000 representative farm homes in 241 counties in the 33 Northern and Western States. this plan was fairly well complied with. The figures obtained on the size and type of farms surveyed and the relative percentage of tenantry and farm ownership agree so closely with the figures shown in the census of 1910 for the corresponding geographic section as to confirm the belief that the localities were comparatively representa- tive, although it seems probable that a somewhat better response was obtained from the more progressive element of the communities, and that in consequence the answers presumably show conditions rather above the average. INTERPRETING THE DATA. In considering the details of the survey that follow it should be noted that in no single instance did all of the women answer any The Farm Woman’s Problems. 5 one question. For example, 9,767 people answered the question re- garding washing and ironing; 9,400, or 96 per cent, stated that this work was done at home. It is evident that in some cases, women tilling out the blank laid it down at some interruption and in taking it up again omitted certain questions. Many persons, apparently, assumed that if they omitted a question entirely they were indi- cating with sufficient clearness that the conditions under discussion did not exist in their families. For example, a large number failed to answer questions bearing upon the number of children of various ages, apparently because they had no children. The same is true of questions dealing with members of the family incapacitated by old age or illness; hired men and hired girls; the vacation or “days off” ol the home maker and other points of information. It has, there- ore, been necessary to base the average or percentage in each case upon the number of explicit answers instead of on the total number of surveys received, a procedure which results in certain instances in figures somewhat at variance with the actual facts. In considering the figures of the survey one should realize that it is a composite picture, representing on the one hand a favored small percentage of women whose surroundings, working conditions, and social experiences reach high levels of comfort and progress, and on le other a larger percentage of less fortunately placed women. The resulting outline may give a somewhat exaggerated impression of ardship unless one thinks of the motive back of the work of wife and mother and the compensations that come to every home maker m her round of activities for the happiness and comfort of her family Anyone who has experienced the satisfaction of living in the open country knows that the average farm woman is more fortunately placed m many ways than her average city sister. Studies of living and working conditions of city home makers bring to light in many homes not only handicaps in home equipment and conveniences, but an environment detrimental to health, happiness, and development. The varied interests of the farm woman’s life, her contact with crow- ing things, her enjoyment of seasonal changes in nature, and her reedom from noise, dust, and confusion is not to be lost sight of in comparing her conditions and opportunities with those of home makers of urban communities. It is not, however, the purpose of is discussion to go into comparisons, but to present conditions as the survey reflects them. That marked progress has been made during the past few years in raising rural home standards of living can not be questioned. Every community boasts some homes which exemplify the fact that the country to-day with a reasonable amount of prosperity and good management offers all the traditional freedom and independence of 6 Department Circular U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. rural living with most of the hardships of former days eliminated. The telephone and the automobile in large measure free the farm family from isolation. Modern machinery for farm and home elim- inates the drudgery from field and kitchen. Iiural engineering has mastered the problems of sanitation for the farm home. Community centers make possible wholesome and inspiring social contacts and mediums of self-expression. Yet with all these modern resources which are taken advantage of and enjoyed by many progressive and prosperous farm families, there is still a large percentage of the farm homes in this country, according to the figures of the survey, not yet feeling to any marked degree the influence of these life-giving factors. It is the realization of this need that prompts the Department of Agriculture and the State colleges of agriculture to offer the service of extension work with women, a work which would not be needed if all homes had reached the high state of comfort and efficiency at- tained by the few. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE FARM WOMAN. The survey indicates that much loss to family and community through waste of woman power could be prevented by a reasonable amount of planning and well directed investment in modern equip- ment. Everywhere we hear of the economic importance of a contented rural population willing to stay on the land and help to build it up. Perhaps the greatest factor in bringing this about will be the healthy, alert, and expert home makers who, with the other members of the farm family, will, see to it that a part of the increased income from the farm is directed toward the improvement of the home as a means of contentment and stimulus for farm work. Economists of our country, seeing the steady migration cityward, recognizing the dearth of farm labor as a limiting factor in production, and connecting this with the isolation and inconvenience of rural living conditions, are pointing out that where these exist it is doubtful business policy to use increased income to buy more land with heavy interest charges against it rather than to spend part of that income in raising stand- ards of living so that farm women may find contentment in comfort- able homes, and young people need not go to the cities in search of attractive living conditions and a satisfying social life. Statistics show that larger numbers of young women than of young men are leaving the rural districts for the cities. In many localities the influence of the home-demonstration agent has been most telling in helping young women to realize their economic importance in agricultural and home pursuits, and to discover sources of incomes from the land equal to those that can be earned in shop or factory. The Farm Woman s Problems. 7 The entire purpose which animates the work of the cooperative extension service as it pertains to the home is to help the home maker to so arrange the various departments of her housekeeping that she may secure for herself, her family, and her community the highest possible degree of health, happiness, and efficiency. Hence the facts in this survey become a challenge for increased cooperation with the farming people in placing housekeeping on at least as sound an eco- nomic basis as farming itself, and the interest of the Department of Agriculture in these studies of the labor, the working equipment, and the compensations of the farm woman is as practical and as scientific as is it's interest in studies of the labor, the machinery, and the crop returns of the farmer, and for the same general reasons, n SOME FACTS FROM THE SURVEY. WORKING HOURS AND VACATIONS. In industries, where love and service are not the ruling motives, a walkout might be foreshadowed by conditions brought out in Table I, which shows that the average working day, summer and winter, for over 9,000 farm women is 11.3 hours, and that 87 per cent of 8,773 women report no regular vacation during the year, although a large per cent tell of scattered “ days off ” in the family automobile. Table I. — Length of the toothing day and vacation of farm women. Section of country. Summer. Winter. Propor- tion of women having regular vacation. Length of vacation. Work. Rest. Work. Rest. Eastern Central. Western Country wide Number of records Hours. 13.0 13.2 13.0 Hours. 1.6 1.5 1.8 Hours. 10.7 10.5 10.2 Hours. 2.4 2.3 2.4 Per cent. 13 12 13 Days. 12.4 10.8 16.4 13.1 9, 530 1.6 8,360 10.5 9,164 2.4 8, 164 13 8, 773 11.5 1,241 HOUSEHOLD DUTIES. Table II shows the extent of certain household tasks of farm women. Some of these might be eliminated if the principles of modern business were applied, and labor and time spent on others might be lessened if the average farmhouse were as well equipped as the up-to-date home or even the up-to-date barn, the appliances of which the farmer looks upon as, so much currency with which to buy efficiency. 8 Department Circular ik8, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. Table II . — Some household duties of the farm woman. Rooms to care for. Stoves to care for. Care for kero- sene lamps. Carry water. Do Do own sewing. Daily mend- ing. Do Section of country. Per- cent- age. Dis- tance. own wash- ing. own bread baking. Eastern Num- ber. Num- ber. Per cl. Feet. Per ct. Per ct. Hours. Per ct. 9.7 1.3 81 54 23 94 86 0.5 89 Central 7.7 1.3 79 68 41 97 94 .6 97 Western 5.3 1.1 74 57 65 97 95 .5 97 Country wide 7.8 1.29 79 61 39 96 92 .6 94 Number of records 9, 781 9,224 9,896 6,511 6,708 9,767 9, 724 8,001 9,614 MODERN EQUIPMENT BRINGS HEALTH AND LEISURE. Lighting . — The installation of a modern lighting system would release some time in the 79 per cent of 9,896 homes where kerosene lamps are used. The initial cost would be small when weighed against convenience and comfort. Heating . — The average farm woman has an 8-room house to keep clean. Nine thousand of these houses are supplied with from one to two stoves, not counting the kitchen range. These add to the daily work of 54 per cent of the rural women who when heat is needed not only carry into the house the coal or wood to feed these stoves, but, according to their statements, keep the home fires burning through- out the day. This condition could be greatly improved by some type of modern heating equipment placed in the basement which would keep the whole house comparatively warm and usable throughout the winter, and prevent the congestion that results when the winter living quarters are limited to the kitchen and one or two other rooms. The normal town dweller keeps all parts of his house comfortably warm, but all too frequently the farm family contents itself with going to bed in chilled rooms, and fails to connect lack of warmth and of facilities for bathing and dressing with ailments and resultant doctor bills whose expense would in many cases pay for a modern heating system. Power . — As power on the farm is one of the greatest time and labor savers for the farmer so power in the home is one of the greatest boons to the housewife. Forty-two per cent of the homes answering the question reported power for operating farm machinery. When we consider that it is often a simple matter to connect the engine used at the barn with household equipment it seems a singular fact that but 15 per cent of the farm homes reporting have this advantage. Power for such frequently recurring tasks as sweeping, running the washing machine, and churning would greatly relieve the farm The Farm Woman’s Problems. 9 woman and give her a satisfying sense of modern efficiency. The eastern section reports 35 per cent power on the premises, and 8 per cent in the home. One State reports 7 per cent, and another— the lowest— 2 per cent of power machinery in the home. One State— the highest— shows 47 per cent of power in the home with 72 per cent on the farm. The one next highest shows 44 per cent in the home and i cS per cent on the farm. Running water.— It is frequently stated that running water is the pivot upon which much modern convenience and comfort turns. Only 32 per cent of the homes answering the questions report runnino- water, that is, water drawn from a faucet, and possibly available for use in other rooms besides the kitchen. Sixty-five per cent of the homes have water 111 the kitchen only, that is, supplied directly from a pump or possibly by means of a rubber hose attached to a barrel located inside or outside of the kitchen. However, in 60 per cent of e homes there is a sink with drain, even though in many cases the water used has to be carried into the house by the pailful. ' In 61 per cent of the 6,511 homes into which the water must be carried this work is done by women. Of 9,679 women answering the question 20 per cent have bathtubs in their homes. The State ranking highest reported 48 per cent of homes having bathtubs and the one rankino- lowest 3 per cent. No one single thing brings so much relief to farm women in meet- ing their endless tasks as does the use of running water. It is un- doubtedly the greatest need in rural-home life to-day on more than two-thirds of the farms. The advent of the bathtub, the indoor toilet and other conveniences dependent upon running water, brin ,| » . Same; Podge. 1891. inHusTve, ^eBuneana] 111 ' 8 "“** kD ° Wn as Eeports : N <«- 9 to 103, 1. Report on flax, hemp, ramie, and Jute. Charles Eichards Dodge. 2. Report on agriculture of South Amort™ A1 . ^ a 18 Ed 2 -' 5 . Production^and dirtrtbuHon^ f !' 0m 1866 ‘° 1892 ‘ 1892 ‘ world. 1893 rincipa agricultural products of * R t; in — ■*- 9- Paction and price of cotton for lOO^T ^ Cotton and currency. 1895. (Separate.) No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 3 4 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OE AGRICULTURE. Bulletins — Continued. No. 10. Railway charges for transportation of wool. 1896. .4 No. 11. Number and value of farm animals of United States, and animal products, 1880-1896. 1896. No. 12. Freight charges for ocean transportation of products of agricul- ture, Oct. 1, 1895-Oct. 1, 1896. 1896. No. 13. Fertilizer industry; review of statistics of production and con- sumption. John Hyde. 1898. No. 14. Of what service are statistics to the farmer? John Hyde. 1898. No. 15. Changes in rates of charge for railway and other transportation services. H. T. Newcomb. 1898. Same, revised, 1901. No. 16. Cost of cotton production. James L. Watkins. 1899. No. 17. Cotton crop of 1898-99. James L. Watkins. 1900. No. 18. Course of prices of farm implements and machinery for series of years. George K. Holmes. 1901. No. 19. Cotton crop of 1899-1900. James L. Watkins. 1901. No. 20. Wheat growing and general agricultural conditions in Pacific coast region of United States. Edwin S-. Holmes, jr. 1901. No. 21. Rates of charge for transporting garden truck, with notes on growth of industry. Edward G. Ward, jr., and Edwin S. Holmes, jr. 1901. No. 22. Wages of farm labor in United States ; result of eleven statistical investigations, 1866-1898. 1901. No. 23. Statistics on fruit industry of California. Edwin S. Holmes, jr. 1901. No. 24. Relations of population and food products in the United States. James H. Blodgett. 1903. No. 25. Milk transportation: Freight rates to the largest fifteen cities m >the United States. Edward G. Ward, jr. 1903. No. 26. Wages of farm labor in the Unted States. Results of twelve sta- tistical investigations, 1866-1902. James H. Blodgett. 1903. No. 27. Wheat production and farm life in Argentina. Frank W. Bicknell. 1904. No. 28. The commercial cotton crops of 1900-1901, 1901-1902, and 1902- 1903. James U. Watkins, 1904. No. 29. Methods and routes for exporting farm products. Edward G. Ward, jr. 1904. No 30 International sugar situation. Frank R. Rutter. 1904. No! 31. Imports of farm and forest products, 1901-1903, by countries from which consigned. 1905. No. 32. Exports of farm and forest products, 1901-1903, by countries to which consigned. 1905. No. 33. Trade with noncontiguous possessions in farm and forest product*, 1901-1903.' 1905. . aak No 34 The commercial cotton crop of 1903-4. .Tames L. Watkins. 190 . No! 3 s! Imports of farm and forest products, 1902-1904, by countries from which consigned. 1905. No. 36. Exports of Farm and Forest Products, 1902-1904, by countries to which consigned. 1905. No. 37. Trade with noncontiguous possessions in farm and forest prod- ucts, 1902-1904. 1905. , No. 38. Crop export movement and port facilities on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Frank Andrews. 1905. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 5 Bulletins— Continued. No. 30. Meat In foreign markets, tariffs of fourteen importing nations, and countries of surplus. 1906. No. 40. Meat animals and packing-house products imported into eleven principal countries, 1895-1904. 1906. No. 41. Norwaj , Sweden, and Russia as markets for packing-house prod- ucts * Imports from principal countries, 1895-1904. 1906 No. 42. Russia’s wheat surplus; conditions under which it is produced. I. M. Rubmow. 1906. No. 43. Changes in farm values, 1900-1905. George K. Holmes. 1906. " o. 44. Local conditions as affecting farm values, 1900-1905. George K Holmes. 1906. No. 45. Imports of farm and forest products, 1903-1905, by countries from which consigned. 1906. No. 46. Exports of farm and forest products, 1903-1905, by countries to which consigned. 1906. No. 47. Trade with noncontiguous possessions in farm and forest products 1903-1905. 1906. No. 48. The cost of producing farm products. Willet M. Hays and Edward C. Parker. 1906. No. 49. Costs of hauling crops from farms to shipping points. Frank Andrews. 1907. No. 50. Hops in principal countries; Their supply, foreign trade, and con- sumption, with statistics of beer brewing. Eugene Merritt 1907. No. 51. Foreign trade of the United States in forest products, 1851-1908. G. K. Holmes, 1909. No. 52. Imports of farm and forest products, 1904-1906, by countries from which consigned. 1907. No. 53. Exports of farm and forest products, 1904-1906, by countries to which consigned. 1907. No. 54. Trade with noncontiguous possessions in farm and forest products 1904-1906. 1907. No. 55. Meat supply and surplus, with consideration of consumption and exports. George K. Holmes. 1907. No. 56. Corn crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C Clark 1907. No. 57. Wheat crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C. Clark. 1907. Revised, 1908. No. 58. Oat crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C Clark 1907. No. 59. Barley crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C Clark 1907. No. 60. Rye crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C Clark 1908. * No. 61. Buckwheat crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C Clark. 1908. No. 62. Potato crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C. Clark. 1908. No. 63. Hay crops of the United States, 1866-1906. Charles C. Clark. 1908. " No * 64 * dumber and farm value of farm animals in the United States 1867-1907. Charles C. Clark. 1908. No. 65. Russia’s wheat trade. I. M. Rubinow. 1908. 6 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OE AGRICULTURE. Bulletins — Continued. No. 66. Russia’s wheat and wheat flour in European markets. I. M. Rubinow. 1908. No. 67. Ocean freight rates and the conditions affecting them. Frank Andrews. 1907. No. 68. Cereal production of Europe. Frank R. Rutter. 1908. No. 69. European grain trade. Frank R. Rutter. 1908. No. 70. Imports of farm and forest products, 1905-1907, by countries from which consigned. 1909. No. 71. Exports of farm and forest products, 1905-1907, by countries to which consigned. 1908. No. 72. Agricultural imports of the Netherlands. 1909. No. 73. The cost of producing Minnesota farm products, 1902-1907. Edward C. Parker and Thomas P. Cooper. 1909. No. 74. Imports of farm products into the United States, 1851-1908. 1910. No. 75. Exports of farm products from the United States, 1851-1908. 1910. No. 76. Imports of farm and forest products, 1906-1908, by countries from which consigned. 1909. No. 77. Exports of farm and forest products, 1906-1908, by countries to which consigned. 1910. No. 78. Agricultural Graphics. United States and world crops and live stock. Middleton Smith. 1910. No. 79. Coffee. Production, trade, and consumption, by countries. Harry C. Graham. 1912. No. 80. Not issued. No. 81. Grain movement in the Great Lakes Region. Frank Andrews. 1911. No. 82. Imports of farm and forest products, 1907-1909, by countries from which consigned. 1910. No. 83. Exports of farm and forest products, 1907-1909, by countries to which consigned. 1910. No. 84. Russian cereal crops. Area and production by Governments and Provinces. Edward T. Peters. 1911. No. 85. Seed time and harvest: Cereals, flax, cotton, and tobacco. James R. Covert. 1912. No. 86. Not issued. No. 87. Not issued. No. 88. The cost of producing Minnesota dairy products, 1904-1909. Thomas P. Cooper. 1911. No. 89. Marketing grain and live stock in the Pacific coast region. Frank Andrews. 1911. No. 90. Imports of farm and forest products, 1908-1910, by countries from which consigned. 1911. No. 91. Exports of farm and forest products, 1908-1910, by countries to which consigned. 1911. No. 92. Not issued. No. 93. Cold-storage business features. George K. Holmes. 1913. No 94. Supply of farm labor. George K. Holmes. 1912. No. 95. Imports of farm and forest products, 1909-1911, by countries from which consigned. 1912. No. 96. Exports of farm and forest products, 1909-1911, by countries to which consigned. 1912. No. 97. Not issued. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 7 Bulletins— Continued. No. 98. Not issued. N«ClTf flrmIab0r - George K. Holmes. 1912 - agriculture^ ** ” ° f No" loo* List^ s ^ ora ^ and prices. George K. Holmes. 1913. • Ge4Tr m : s lkfa iS. and eshibitions - - ?**- I Tu™rr°MerrUt dC 19T3 **"“ and f ° reSt products ’ 19f G-1910. Circulars. 3 The TjtT C , r0P /' f the WOrI,L He '«'.v A. Robinson. 1896 i . H xr* i89e - 8 Se c H Cr ° P ° f 1896 ' Henry A - Robinson. 1897 9 ?h! core Cr ° P of “WWW7. John Hyde. 1898 No. 10. Brazos mve^Tex ^flLfof J JameS L ‘ Watkins * 1898 ‘ upon the Agriculture o f the No 12 Che 6 W ° rId ' S 8rain Crops in 1899 - John Hyde. 1899. lgtxT m railr ° ad freigM classifications. Edward G. Ward, jr. No. S i9 °°- Hrimes^^m 11 farm and f ° reSt products ’ 19 °3- George K. Foreigii^trad^m farm and forest products, 1904. George K. Government crop reports* Thmr» 1 - preparatIon ’ - 19 . Foreign crops, May, 1911 . Char, es M. Da^herty 09 1911 ssssssrs- r rr MD “ y - s 22. Tobacco repor’t, J J y i. 1911 j p “•. , DaUghert y- l*tt No' 24 p° re ^ n Cr ° PS ’ AugUBt > mi - Charles M & Daugherty 1 1911 No.’ 25.' EoS cZs’ l71?7m n ch °f ar M M ' Da « W Nr» o« Charles M. Danghertv iqii 26. Foreign crops, November-December 1911 7 t 1911 . eceraoer, 1911. Charles M. Daugherty, I - 1911 Cr °A S au “ mary - Area an <3 production of cereals 1907 Daugherty loi"™’ 19 °^ 910 ’ by «"">**«■• Charies M. No. 30. Foreign crops, March, 1912. (Argentina.) Charles M. Daugherty. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 8 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. C,rC No re 31 C lnnulfand average production of and internatio^l George K. Holmes. George K. Holmes. George K. Holmes. George K. Holmes. Harry C. Graham. portant agricultural products, by countries. 1912. No. 82. Cotton crops of the United States, 1790-1911. 1912. No. 33. Tobacco crop of the United States, 1612-1911. 1912. No. 34. Rice crop of the United States, 1712-191L 1912. No. 35. Hop crop of the United States, 1790-1911. 1912. . x No. 36. Foreign crops, April, 1912. (British India.) No. 37. Foreign crops, May-June, 1912. Charles M. Daugherty. 1912. No. 38. Tobacco report, July 1, 1912. J. P. Killebrew. 1912 * No 39 Foreign crops, July, 1912. Charles M. Daugherty. 1912, No. 40. Foreign crops. August-September, 1912. Charles M. Daugherty. 1912. , A No. 41. Foreign crops, October, 1912. Charles M. Daugherty 1912 No. 42. Foreign crops, November, 1912. Charles M. Daugher y. • No. 43. Tobacco crop, 1912, by types and districts. J. P ‘ Killebrew. 19 . No 44. Foreign crops, December, 1912. Charles M. Daugherty. • No! 45. Foreign crops: January. Summary by countries of the area and production of cereals, 1908-1912, and of flaxseed, 1909-1911. Charles M. Daugherty. 1913. No 46 Foreign crops, February 1913. Charles M. Daugherty. 1913 No 47 Foreign crops, March-April, 1913. Charles M. Daugherty. VOS. Unnumbered circular letter. Dates of sowing and harvesting. James R. CircXr 'll 1 Revised. Government crop reports: Their value, scope, and preparation. Leon M. Estabrook. 1915. ... .. Circular 17, revised. Government crop reports: Sources of formation, methods ol preparation and checking, demonstrated accuracy. Leon M. Estabrook. 1918. Crop Circulars. . ' rcrop circulars took the place of the crop reports, new series, issued monthly (except January), and consisted of the information contained in the telegraphic reports of the 10th of each month.] Issued monthly, May-November, 1898 and 1899; and April, 1900. [Dis- continued.] Cr0 Two P cohimn quarto, published monthly, May, 1899, to June, 1913, inclusive. Agricultural Outlook. SAX 596, eol; 611,615. 620, 629, 641, 645, 651, 665, 672.] Monthly Crop Report. May, 1915, to January, 1919, inclusive. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 9 Monthly Crop Reporter. February, 1919, and subsequently (to date). Statistical Reports. Contains reports on condition of crops, and special subjects of interest to farmers. Issued as “ Monthly ” or “ Bi-monthly Report ” of Department from May, 1863, to December, 1876, when the series was discontinued and the issue of the statistical matter was transferred to the series of “ Special reports ” and there appeared under various numbers, not always consecutive, from January, 1877, to September, 1883. Another change was made in October, 1883, when “New Series, Report No. 1,” appeared containing the crop statistics. This last series was continued, consecutively numbered, up to No. 155, December, 1897. No. 156 was issued April 20, 1899. From May, 1898, to April, 1900, the statistics were issued in a “ Crop circular.” Beginning with May, 1900, they were merged into the “Crop Reporter.” Statistical reports separate. [Re- printed from new series, report No. 115 of statistician 1894.] Monthly Crop Synopsis. Synopsis of the monthly statistical reports issued as a. four-page leaflet soon after the 10th of each month from March, 1890, to May, 1896, in- clusive, and bearing a number identical with that of the report which it summarizes. [Discontinued.] Separate Reprints from the Department of Agriculture Yearbook. [Known as “ Yearbook Separates.”] No. 110. Section of Foreign Markets, Review of Work. Frank H. Hitch- cock. 1898. No. 121. Of what service are statistics to the farmer? John Hyde. 1898. No. 122. Agricultural production and prices, 1897. No. 154. The public domain of the United States. Max West. 1899. No. 155. Keeping goats for profit. Almont Barnes. 1899. No. 156. Agricultural statistics relating to grain, cotton, sugar, animals, etc., in the United States. 1899. No. 164. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, transportation rates, etc., in the United States, 1899. 1900. No. 179. Progress of agriculture in the United States. George K. Holmes. 1900. No. 200. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, transportation rates, etc., in the United States, 1900. 1901. No. 209. Influence of rye on the price of wheat. Edward T. Peters. 1901. No. 234. The future demand for American cotton. J. L. Watkins. 1902. No. 239. The cottonseed industry. Charles M. Daugherty. 1902. No. 256. Wheat ports of the Pacific coast. Edwin S. Holmes, jr. 1902. No. 258. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, freight rates, exports, etc., in the United States, 1901. No. 282. Flaxseed production, commerce, and manufacture in the United States. Charles M. Daugherty. 1903. No. 289. Practices in crop rotation. George K. Holmes. 1903. No. 298. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, freight rates, exports, etc., of the United States, 1902. 1903. No. 304. The Nation’s farm surplus. George K. Holmes. 1904. No. 308. Consumption of cotton in the cotton States. J. L. Watkins. 1904. No. 319. The industry in oil seeds. Charles M. Daugherty. 1904. 14902°— 20 2 ) 10 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Separate Reprints from the Department of Agriculture Yearbook — Continued. No. 334. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, freight rates, exports, etc., of the United States, 1903. 1904. No. 347. The castor oil industry. Charles M. Daugherty. 1905. No. 357. Consumers’ fancies. George K. Holmes. 1905. No. 370. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animais, freight rates, exports, etc., of the United States, 1904. 1905. No. 400. Causes affecting farm values. George K. Holmes. 1906. No. 404. Statistical matter relating to principal crops and farm animals, freight rates, exports, etc., of the United States, 1905. 1906. No. 421. Foreign restrictions on American meat. Frank R. Rutter. 1907. No. 430. Freight costs and market values. Frank Andrews. 1907. No. 436. Agricultural statistics, 1906. 1907. No. 449. Traffic on Chesapeake Bay and Tennessee River. Frank Andrews. 1908. No. 465. Agricultural statistics, 1907. 1908. No. 477. Cost and methods of transporting meat animals. Frank Andrews. 1909. No. 498. Agricultural statistics, 1908. 1909. No. 502. Methods and cost of marketing. Frank Andrews. 1910. No. 524. Agricultural statistics, 1909. 1910. No. 528. Supply and wages of farm labor. George K. Holmes. 1911. No. 553. Agricultural statistics, 1910. 1911. No. 554. Live stock and miscellaneous agricultural statistics, 1910. 1911. No. 555. Statistics of principal crops, 1910. 1911. No. 558. The reduction of waste in marketing. Frank Andrews. 1912. No. 587. Statistics of principal crops, 1911. 1912. No. 588. Live stock and miscellaneous agricultural statistics, 1911. No. 614. Statistics of principal crops, 1912. 1913. No. 615. Live stock and miscellaneous agricultural statistics 1912. 1913. No. 630. Statistics of principal crops, 1913. 1913. No. 631. Live-stock and miscellaneous agricultural statistics, 1913. No. 641. Movement from city and town to farms. G. K. Holmes. 1914. No. 654. Statistics of grain crops, 1914. 1914. No. 655. Statistics of crops other than grain crops, 1914. 1914. No. 656. Live stock. 1914, and census data. 1914. No. 657. Imports and exports of agricultural products. 1914. No. 681. A graphic summary of American agriculture. 1915. No. 682. Statistics of grain crops, 1915. 1915. No. 683. Statistics of crops other than grain crops, 1915. 1915. No. 684. Live stock, 1915, and miscellaneous data. 1915.. No. 685. Imports and exports of agricultural products. 1915. No. 702. Development and localization of truck crops in the United States. 1916. No. 713. A graphic summary of world agriculture. 1916. No. 719. Statistics of grain crops, 1916. 1916. No. 720. Statistics of crops other than grain crops, 1916. 1916. No. 721. Live stock, 1916, and miscellaneous data. 1916. No. 722. Imports and exports of agricultural products. 1916. No. 741. Hides and skins : Production, foreign trade, supply, and consump- tion. George K. Holmes. 1917. No. 751. Wool : 'Production, foreign trade, supply, and consumption. George K. Holmes. 1917. No. 756. Sugar supply of the United States. Frank Andrews. 1917. 11 STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. Separate Reprints from the Department of Agriculture Yearbook-Continued. No. b y States, 50 years 1866-1915. Corn, yields per acre and prices, by States, 50 years 1866-1915. 1917. Geography of wheat prices. L. B. Zapoleon. 1918. Honeybees and honey production in the' United States. Samuel A Jones. 1918. Potatoes: Acreage, production, foreign trade, supply, and consump- lion. George K. Holmes. 1918. Geographical phases of farm prices : Corn. L. B. Zapoleon. 1918 Length of cotton lint, crops 1916 and 1917. W. L. Pryor. 1918. Geographical phases of farm prices : Oats. L. B. Zapoleon. 1919. Peaches : Production estimates and important commercial districts and varieties. H. P. Gould ; Frank Andrews. 1919. Pears: Production estimates and important commercial districts and varieties. H. P. Gould ; Frank Andrews. 1920. MIMEOGRAPHED REPORTS. Special Commercial Apple Crop Report. (Issued monthly.) Octber 8, 1917, to December 12, 1919. [Discontinued.] 12 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OE AGRICULTURE. Special Commercial Peach Crop Report. (Issued monthly.) April 13, 1918, to April 12, 1920. [Discontinued.] Special Commercial Pear Crop Report. (Issued monthly.) July 9, 1919, to November 8, 1919. [Discontinued.] Special Commercial Potato Crop Report. (Issued monthly, but twice a month for September and October.) August 16, 1919, to December 17, 1919. [Discontinued.] Weekly Truck Crop News. December 13, 1917, to January 26, 1920. Weekly Crop and Market Review of Fruits and Vegetables. [Bureau of Crop Estimates and Bureau of Markets cooperating.] Feb- ruary 3, 1920, to April 20, 1920. [Bureau of Markets.] April 27, 1920, and subsequently to date. Weekly Crop Notes by Field Agents. Week ending May 18, 1918, and subsequently to date. Foreign Crop and Live Stock Reports. (Issued twice a month.) March 13, 1919, and subsequently to date. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. Field agent’s handbook of agricultural statistics. Leon M. Estabrook. 1914. Crop estimates, 1910-1919. Leon M. Estabrook. 1920. PUBLICATIONS OF THE DIVISION OF FOREIGN MARKETS. (Which became part of the Bureau of Statistics in 1903.) Bulletins. No. 1. Great Britain and Ireland. No. 2. The German Empire. No. 3. France. No. 4. Canada. No. 5. Netherlands. No. 6. Belgium. No. 7. Norway. No. 8. Sweden. No. 9. Trade of Denmark. No. 10. Our foreign trade in agricultural products during the five fiscal years, 1893-1897. No. 11. Spain’s foreign trade. No. 12. Our trade with Spain, 1888-1897. No. 13. Trade of Puerto Rico. No. 14. Trade of the Philippine Islands. No. 15. Our foreign trade in agricultural products, 1894-1898. No. 16. Distribution of the agricultural exports of the United States, 1894-1898. No. 17. Sources of the agricultural imports of the United States, 1894-1898. No. 18. Our trade with Japan, China, and Hongkong, 1889-1899. No. 19. Our foreign trade in agricultural products, 1890-1899. No. 20. Agricultural exports of the United States, by countries, 1895-1899. No. 21. Agricultural imports of the United States, by countries, 1895-1899. No. 22. Our trade with Scandinavia, 1890-1900. No. 23. Our foreign trade in agricultural products, 1891-1900. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 13 Bulletins — Continued. No. 24. Sources of the agricultural imports of the United States, 1896-1900. No. 25. Distribution of the agricultural exports of the United States, 1896- 1900. No. 26. Agricultural imports of the United Kingdom, 1890-1900. No. 27. Our foreign trade in agricultural products, 1892-1901. No. 28. Sources of the agricultural imports of the United States, 1897-1901. No. 29. Distribution of the agricultural exports of the United States 1897- 1901. No. 30. Agricultural imports of Germany, 1897-1901. No. 31. Sources of the agricultural imports of the United States, 1898-1902. No. 32. Distribution of the agricultural exports of the United States 1898- 1902. No. 33. Foreign trade of the United States in forest products, 1902. No. 34. American grain and flour in the British market. No. 35. Foreign import tariffs on meat and meat products, 1903. No. 36. Foreign import tariffs on fruits and nuts, 1903. No. 37. Foreign import tariffs on grain and grain products, 1903. Circulars. No. 1. Peaches and other fruits in England. No. 2. American dried apples in the German Empire. No. 3. Imports and exports for 1893 and 1894. No. 4. An example for American farmers and dairymen. No. 5. The treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan of April 17, 1895, and our possibilities of trade with those countries. No. 6. Imports and exports for 1893, 1894, and 1895. No. 7. Extension of markets for American feedstuffs. No. 8. The Manchester district of England as a market for American products. No. 9. Imports and exports for 1893, 1894, 1895, and 1896. No. 10. Course of wheat production and exportation in the United States, Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, Russia, and British India from 1880 to 1896. No. 11. Agricultural products imported and exported by the United States in the years ended June 30, 1892, to 1896, inclusive. No. 12. Sources of the principal agricultural imports of the United States during the five years ended June 30, 1896. No. 13. Distribution of the principal agricultural exports of the United States during the five years ended June 30, 1896. No. 14. Hamburg as a market for American products. No. 15. Exports of cotton from Egypt. No. 16. Our trade with Cuba from 1887 to 1897. No. 17. United States wheat for Eastern Asia. No. 18. Hawaiian commerce from 1887 to 1897. No. 19. Austria-Hungary as a factor in the world’s grain trade ; recent use of American wheat in that country. No. 20. Agricultural imports and exports, 1893-1897. No. 21. Agricultural imports and exports, 1894-1898. No. 22. Agricultural imports and exports, 1895-1899. No. 23. Agricultural imports and exports, 1896-1900. No. 24. Agricultural imports and exports, 1897-1901. No. 25. Our foreign trade in agricultural products, 1902. No. 26. Belgium’s foreign trade in agricultural products for 1902. PART II, SUBJECTS INCLUDED IN THE REPORTS AND RECORDS OF THE BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES, 1863-1920. KEY TO REFERENCES. Unless otherwise stated, the references to date and page of a publication are for the Monthly Crop Reporter (under various titles in different periods. See pp. 8 and 9.) “ Office table ”=table on file in the Division of Crop Records. “ Truck Crop Division ”=files of the truck crop section, Bureau Crop Esti- mates. “ Yearbook ”=U. S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, numbered. Bulletins and circulars are here mentioned by number; for their titles and dates of publication see list of publications, on pages 3 — 13. The regular statistical items in the Monthly Crop Reporter are usually sum- marized in the Yearbooks; hence for most of these regular items no separate references to the Yearbook are made in the following pages. Acreage. ( For further details see each crop. ) Aggregate : By States : 1919 and 1917, 1918, 1919 ; March, 1920, p. 25. In United States : 1909-1918 ; September, 1918, p. 108 ; November, 1919, p. 116. Acres per man : United States and Germany : January, 1913, p. 4. Crops, by States: Since 1866, barley, buckwheat, cotton, hay, oats, potatoes, rye, tobacco, wheat (all). Since 1890, spring and winter wheat separately. Since 1899, sweet potatoes. Since 1901, sugar beets. Since 1902, flaxseed. Since 1904, rice. Since 1910, sorghum for sirup. Since 1912, alfalfa, clover, and wild hay. Since 1914, beans (5 States), cranberries (3 States). Since 1915, broom corn (5 States), hemp (2 States), hops (4 States), grain, sorghums (6 States), truck crops. Since 1916, peanuts, cowpeas. Since 1917, soy beans, velvet beans. iSince 1918, sugar cane. For details see under each crop in this index. 14 STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 15 Acreage — Continued. Crops in foreign countries: Bailej, beans, corn, cotton, flax, oats, hops, peas, potatoes, rice, rye, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat : Yearbooks. Dates and other details are given under each crop in this index. All countries and years reported, in original and United States units: files of Division of Crop Records. Current data : in Foreign Crop and Live Stock Re- ports, semi-monthly since March, 1918. Alfalfa (Hay). Acreage : Per cent of all hay, by States, 1918. January, 1919, p. 2. Per cent of, grown in each State. June, 1908, p. 43. In Kansas, 1909. April, 1910, p. 32. In Nebraska, 1908-9. April, 1910, p. 30. Condition : By States, since 1906. In June and August. Crop: In certain States, 1900 to 1908. Office tables 7, A and B. In Oklahoma, 1907. March, 1909, p. 24. Prices : To producers, by States ; monthly since May, 1914. Office table 293-51. Wholesale, at St. Louis ; monthly, beginning 1898. Office table 93. Production, by States : Since 1915. Usually in December; preliminary in September since 1918. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906 ; usually in September. Increase of, in certain States. January, 1909, p. 8. In Nebraska, 1908-9. April, 1910, p. 30. Seed used per acre, in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1918 ; usually in September. In Nebraska. November, 1907, p. 88. Alfalfa (Seed). Adulteration. March, 1909, pp. 21-22 ; March, 1910, pp. 21-22. Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since June, 1912. Office tables 293-55 and 293-66. Paid by farmers, by States. Monthly since June, 1912. Production : Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1912 ; usually in Oc- tober. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1912 ; usually in October. Apples. Acreage: Commercial, regional distribution (map). Yearbook 1918 n 870 Charts, United States : Average yearly production of leading varieties of apples, 1909-1913. Relative production of principal varieties of apples, 1909-1913. Relative production of early and of late varieties of apples in 1915 Quantity of apples produced by States, in June, July, August Sep- tember, October. Office table 286. Commercial : By States. Since October, 1917 ; monthly, July to November Production. Since 1917, in December. Apple movement, 1912. May, 1913, p. 39. 16 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Apples — Continued. Condition, by States. Since 1866, in June, July, August, September, Oc- tober, except 1879. Crop of the United States, 1899-1916 (chart). April, 1917, p. 29. Crop disposition and value, 1915 and 1916. April, 1917, p. 33 ; April, 1916, p. 35. Carried on railroads and boat lines in United States. June 1-November 30, 1914 ; June, 1915, p. 4. Estimate by varieties. September, 1916, p. 93. Exports (barrels), 1852-1910 ; 5-year average, 1901 to date. Yearbook 1919, p. 701. Number of trees of bearing age, by States. Since 1914, in November. Percentage of late crop marketed. Since 1915, in November. Price : December 1, and total value, by States. Since 1910. Monthly, 1st of month, per bushel and per barrel. Since 1916. Monthly, 15th of month, per bushel. Since January, 1910. Monthly, 15th of month, per barrel. Since October, 1913. Production : By States. Since 1889, in November. Compared with average, United States. 1909, in November; also 10- year average. Estimates and prices, discussions. 1913, in June. Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1866, in November, except 1877-1881. And exports, 1901-1915. October, 1916, p. 102. In barrels, estimated by States and geographic divisions, 1889-1915. October, 1916, p. 103. In Washington, 1916 and 1917. September, 1917, p. 81. Relative, by principal varieties. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 641, pp. 16, 17, 18, and 19 ; also Office table 263. Quality : by States. Since 1909, in November. Shipments, 1911. April, 1912, p. 31. * Shipped out of county, by States. Since 1914, in December. Special commercial report of barreled and boxed, by States. August, 1918, p. 93. Regional report. 1918 and 1919, in July and August. Apricots (California). Condition. Since 1911, in May, June, July, and August. Production, percentage of a full ■crop. Since 1911, usually in September. Asparagus. Acreage, percentage of total. By States ; October, 1906, p. 42. Condition by States. Since April, 1915, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Damage by blight, by States. October, 1906, p. 42. Production : Compared with average United States. 1906 to 1912, usually in November. Compared with full crop, by States. 1906 to 1912, usually in June. Asses. Number, world : Yearbook since 1905 ; office table 262. Barley. Acreage since 1866: By States. Usually in June ; revised in December. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 17 1917-1919, January, 1920, p. 3. Since 1905, Depart- Barley — Continued. Foreign countries, ment Yearbooks. Conditions. Since 1866, by States, Juno to September, inclusive. Consumption : By classes of live stock for United States. October, 1914, p. 8, August 1919, p. 77. Monthly, on farms, in United States. June, 1919, p. 57. Per capita of population, United States and some foreign countries. 1902-1911, October, 1918, p. 24. Per capita of population, 1809-1913 and 1914-1918. Yearbook 1919 Table 88. Damage to crops, causes of, by States, since 1909. June, 1912, pp. 46 and 48 Dates of sowing and harvesting in different countries. Office table No 297-2. Harvesting : Per cent monthly, for United States. October, 1919, p. 104. Methods of, by States. February, 1917, p. 14. Bu. Statistics Bui. 85. monthly since Monthly since 1895; office revised in December. Planting dates of, by States. May, 1912, p. 35 Prices : To producers, by States, on December 1, since 1866 January, 1908. Wholesale; at 5 United States markets, table 294-3 ; also Department Yearbooks. Production : Since 1866, by States. Usually in October, ^ euemueI - Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, each month, June to September, inclusive. In foreign countries. Usually once a year, or oftener, since 1891. Cost of, by States, 1909. October, 1911, p. 80. Quality. Since 1866, except in 1877-1881, 1885, 1890, 1891. 1893 ; by States • usually in October. Shipments out of county where grown, by States. Since 1910, usually in March. J Seed used per acre : In the United States. June, 1913, p. 48. In foreign countries. April, 1915, p. 11. Stocks on farms : By States. Since 1910, March and August. Relative stocks, January 1, 1917, and 1918. May, 1918, p. 52. Supply and distribution, since 1910. March, 1920, p. 26 Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December Weight per measured bushel, by States. Since 1910, usually in October Yield per acre : Since 1866, by States. Usually in October ; revised in December Annual changes in United States. Since 1866. January, 1919 p. 3. L ™ re P° rted “ United States. August. 1916, p. 76, and January, 1018, p. 2. In nine foreign countries, since 1890. Office table No. 312-2- also Yearbooks. Eq^uivaient to 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Once a year since 14920 °—20- 18 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Beans (Dry, Edible). Acreage : By (5) States. Since 1914, usually in July; revised in December. Abandoned in principal States, 1917. April, 1918, p. 39. Commercial, by States. August, 1915, p. 37. In principal States, by varieties. September, 1919, p. 87 ; April, 1918, p. 39 ; August, 1917, p. 70 ; also Yearbook 1918, table 287. In foreign countries. Since 1906, usually once a year or oftener. Condition, by States. Since 1909, usually in July, August, and September. Crop : In Michigan. 1902 to 1906, usually in December, March, ur April. In United States, by States, 1899. August, 1902, p. 6. In certain States. December, 1901, p. 4 ; March, 1902, p. 3 ; April, 1902, p. 7 ; April, 1903, p. 2. Discussion of United States crop. December, 1901, pp. 4-5. Prices : To producers. By (5) States, on December 1 since 1914; by States, monthly since January, 1910. Wholesale at 3 United States markets. Office table 294-15. Production : By (5) States. Since 1914, usually in December. By States, 1867-1918, office table 383. By States and types, 1917. April, 1918, p. 39. Forecast from condition by States. Since 1917, usually in July, August, September, and October. Compared with average. Since 1910, usually in November or December. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October or November. In foreign countries. Since 1906, usually once a year or oftener. Quality, commercial crop, by States. August, 1915, p. 37. Seed used per acre in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Value on farms, by States. On December 1 since 1914. Varieties : Acreage or relative importance, by States. August, 1917, p. 70; April, 1918, p. 39 ; September, 1919, p. 87. Commercial crop, by States. August, 1915, p. 37. Yield per acre: By principal States. April, 1918, p. 39. Commercial crop, by States. August, 1915, p. 37. Beans (Green or Snap) Acreage : Contracted for by canneries, by States, 1916-17. August, 1917, p. 76. For canning, by States. Since 1918, in June and October (Truck Crop Division). Condition : By States. Since April, 1915. Twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Canning crop, by States. Since August, 1916, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-2. Production, canning crop, by States. Since 1919, usually in October (Truck Crop Division). Special Report, prices and value of canning crop, March 16, 1920. On file (Truck Crop Division). STATISTICAL. DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 19 Beans (Lima). Acreage, per cent in each State. July, 1908, p. 45. Condition, by States. Since 1007, June to September, inclusive. Crop: In California. September, 1902, p. 5. (For recent years see Agricut- ture statistician’s reports.) Production : Compared with average. 1909 to 1913, usually in November Compared with full crop, by States. 1907 to 1913, usually in October. Per cent of full crop, in California. Since 1907, except 1915, usually m October. J By States, 1914. October, 1914, p. 26. Yield per acre, by States, 1914. October, 1914, p. 26. Bees. N ^ b . er 0f colonies > condition of bees, condition of nectar plants, May 1, 914, compared with former year. Farmers’ Bulletin 598, p. 17, and fol- lowing in May. See also “ Honey.” Beets. Condition by States. Since April, 1915, usually twice a month during sea- son. (Truck Crop Division.) Seed used per acre, United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Blackberries and Raspberries. Condition, by States. Since 1906, in June and July Production : By States, percentage of a full crop. Since 1906, in August Compared with average. United States. 1910, in November. Blue Grass. Crops f 011 ' See<1 Cr ° P ’ ^ Stat6S ' SinCe 19 ° 6 ’ June t0 August ’ inclusive. Of Kentucky. July, 1917, p. 60. United States. July, 1902, p. 6 P ^rf September. ^ ^ by States ’ Si “<* “06, “sually Seed, adulteration. May, 1913, p. 37. Broom Corn. Acreage : Five States. Since 1915, in December. In Kansas, 1909. May, 1910, p. 32. In Argentina. February, 1919, p. 11 Brooms and brushes industry, 1909 and 1914. Office table 361 (census Condition, by States. Since 1906, monthly, July to September. Consumption and surplus : World. November, 1900, p. 5. On Argentina. February, 1919, p. 11 Crop : U p! te i02 StateS ’ ° Ct0ber ’ 1904 ’ P ‘ 38 ; N0Vt ' mher - 1905 - P- 37; March, 1906, United States (commercial estimates), November, 1906, p. 50. United States (commercial estimates), 1901-2. November 1902 n 8 In Kansas and Oklahoma, 1906-7. December, 1907, p. 102, and Feb- ruary, 1909, p. 9; November, 1905, p. 62. In Illinois. July, 1901, p. 2. 20 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Broom Corn— Continued. Prices to producers, by States. On December 1, since 1915 ; monthly since January, 1910. Office tables 266 and 293-56. Production : By States. Since 1915, usually in December. Forecast from condition by States. Since 1918, in July, August, Sep- tember. Per cent of average crop in United States. November, 1912, p. 81. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October. In Kansas, 1909. May, 1910, p. 32. In Argentina. February, 1919, p. 11. Seed used per acre, in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Value on farms, by States. Since 1915, in December. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1911, usually in October ; revised in December. Per cent of average crop. November, 1912, p. 81. Brussels Sprouts. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915, usually twice a month during sea- son (Truck Crop Division). Buckwheat. Acreage, by States. Since 1866, usually in August ; revised in December. Condition, by States. Since 1866 in October and 1867 in August and September. Harvesting, dates of, for United States. October, 1919, p. 104. Planting, dates of, by States. May, 1912, p. 35. Prices to producers, by States. On December 1 since 1866; monthly since January, 1908. Production : By States. Since J866, usually in November; revised in December. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911 in August, September, October. Quality, by States Since 1882, except in 1883, 1890, 1892, usually in November. Seed used per acre, United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Stocks on farms, relative stocks ; January 1. 1917 and 1918. May, 1918, p. 52. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1866, usually in November ; revised in December. Changes in United States since 1866. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent to 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Usually once a year since 1911. Buffaloes. Number, world : Yearbook since 1905 ; office table 262. Butter. Prices : Farm, United States, by States, first of month, since 1909. Commencing March, 1909 ; also Yearbook of department. Wholesale, monthly range on specified markets, 1895. Since 1899, monthly ; Yearbook since 1900. Office table 294-21. Wholesale, on some markets since about 1865. Report of statistician. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 21 Butter — Continued. Receipts : Yearly, on specified markets, averages 1891-95, 1906-1910, and 1901 to date. Yearbook, 1918, p. 608, and yearly. Monthly, on specified markets, January 1, 1912. October, 1912. Cabbage. Acreage : By States. November, 1915, p. 73. Commercial, Southern States. April, 1917, p. 33 ; January, 1920, p. 4. Commercial, in important States. January, 1916, p. 5 ; September, 1919, p. 87. Commercial, harvested, in important States. September, 1916, p. 92; December, 1916, p. 122. Commercial, in important States. Since November, 1914; usually in February, March, April, August, October, and December (Truck Crop Division). For kraut, by States, 1915-1918. February, 1917, p. 18 ; March, 1918, p. 25 ; July, 1918, p. 81. For kraut, by States. Since J anuary, 1917 ; usually in August, Septem- ber, December (Truck Crop Division). In certain States, 1913-14. December, 1914, pp. 11-12. Percentage in certain States. October, 1908, p. 76. Condition : By States. Since 1906, June to September, inclusive. Commercial, by States. Since April, 1915 ; usually twice a month dur- ing season (Truck Crop Division). In Florida. Since 1909 ; usually in May and November. In Florida. Since 1912, in March and April. Kraut crop, by States. Since August, 1916 ; usually twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-2. Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since January, 1910. Wholesale, at three United States markets. Monthly since 1911. Office table 294-28. Price and value : Special Reports. Jan. 27, 1920 (Truck Crop Division Weekly News, Jan. 26, 1920). Special Reports, kraut crop. Apr. 13, 1920 (Truck Crop Division Weekly Crop and Market Review). Production : By States and counties. November, 1915, p. 73; September, 1916, p. 92; December, 1916, p. 122. Forecast from condition, by States. 1917, September, October, No- vember. Commercial, by States. Since November, 1914 ; usually in August, re- vised in December (Truck Crop Division). For kraut, by States. March, 1918, p. 25. For kraut, by States. Since January, 1918; usually in December (Truck Crop Division). In certain States. December, 1914, pp. 11-12. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906 ; usually in October. 22 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Cabbage — Continued. Shipped out of county where grown, by States and varieties. January, 1916, p. 5. Varieties, per cent of crop, by States. January, 1916, p. 5. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1911 ; usually in October or December. Calves. Prices : Farm, per 100 pounds, 15th of month, by States. Since February 15, 1910. Monthly trend, per 100 pounds, to producers, average 1910-1914. Chart, July, 1915, p. 8. Wholesale, on prominent markets of specified countries in specified years. Bui. 109. Receipts : Yearly, 1900-1913, at principal markets. Farmers’ Bulletin 575, p. 12. and usually thereafter in January or February. Office table 246. Monthly at specified markets, 1911-1913. June, 1913, p. 45. Camels. Number, world. Yearbook since 1905. Cantaloupes. Acreage : 1915 and 1916, 6 States. 1910, in August, p. 80. Commercial, 7 States, 1917 and 1918. 1918, in July. Estimate of commercial, 14 States, 1915-1917. June, 1916, p. 53; June, 1917, p. 51. Production, commercial, 12 States, 1916; forecast 1917. July, 1917. p. 65. Condition, by States. Since 1906, in May, June, July, and August. Per cent of United States acreage in State, by States. August, 1908, p. 60 (based on 1900 census). Per cent harvested, April-September, by States. June, 1916, p. 53. Planting dates and harvest, etc., by months and by States. Office table 273-2. Production : Compared with average, United States. Since 1910, in November. Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1906, in September. Cantaloupes (California and Florida) Condition. Since 1906, in May, June, July, and August. Production, compared with a full crop. 1912, in September. Carrots. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915 ; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Cattle. Birth rate per 1,000, average monthly. February, 1913, p. 14. Condition, since 1889, with 1898 and 1902 missing. April since 1903. Losses, since 1884, with 1915 missing. Bulletin 109 and April since 1903. Industry, changes in, January 1, 1919, compared with 1920. July, 1920, p. 69. Number (other than milch cows), average price, and total value, in United States, by States, on January 1. Since 1867. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 23 Cattle — Continued. Number (including milch cows )on farms, by geographic divisions, from 1840. Report 109 and office table 358. Number, world : Report 109 ; Yearbook since 1905 ; office tables 262 and 403. Number in foreign countries, recent estimate and before the war. February, 1918, p. 16 ; office table 323. Number (except calves) slaughtered at principal places, 1884-1914. Report 109, p. 307. Population and beef cattle compared, east and west, United States, 1919, 1910, 1900, 1890. 1880. October, 1919, p. 101. Prices : Farm, per 100 pounds, United States, by States ; beginning January, 1910, monthly. Monthly trend to producers, per 100 pounds, average 1910-1914. Chart, July 15, 1915, p. 8. Monthly wholesale, on specified markets, since 1896. Yearbook 1900. Table 294-20. Wholesale, on prominent markets in specified countries in specified years. Report 109. Other than milch cows, estimated averages for the United States, by ages or classes on January 1, 1911-1917. January, 1917, p. 11, and yearly thereafter in February. Proportion of total belonging to different breeds in the United States, by States. June, 1920, p. 53. Receipts : Yearly, at specified markets, 1900. Commencing February, 1911, Year- book; office table 246. Monthly, at specified markets. June, 1913, p. 45, and following in June. Value, 1 aggregate, United States, by States, comparisons, 1917, 1918, and average 1912-1916. February,, 1918, p. 16, and following in February. Cauliflower. Condition : By States. Since April, 1915; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). In California. Since 1912, in March. Production, per cent of full crop, in California. Since 1912, usually in May. Celery. Acreage : By (5) States and counties, 1915-16. November, 1916, p. 116. By States. Since October, 1918 ; usually in March, August, September, and December (Truck Crop Division). In California : 1916-17 and 1917-18 ; November, 1917, p. 109. Carloads : Standard in California. November, 1917, p. 109. By States. Since April, 1915; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Condition, in California, since 1912. In March. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-2. Includes hogs and sheep. 24 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Celery — Continued. Production : By States. October and December, 1919 (Truck Crop Division). Per cent of full crop, in California. Since 1912, usually in April. Cheese. Number of factories and output. May, 1910, p. 2. Number of factories in State of Washington. May, 1901, p. 7. Prices, range of on specified markets, since 1895. June, 1899, and monthly ; Yearbook since 1900; on some markets since about 1865; Report of Statistician. Production, annual, in United States, January, 1901, p. 7. Clover (Hay). Acreage : By States. Since 1912, usually in August. Per cent of preceding crop, by States. Since 1866, usually in June. Sown with winter wheat. January, 1919, p. 2. Per cent of United States total grown in each State. June, 1908, p. 43. In foreign countries 1910-1912. Office table 260. Condition, by States. Since 1866, usually in June or July. Prices paid to producers, by States. Monthly since May, 1914. Production : By States. Since 1912, usually in September; since 1915, revised in December. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1866, usually in August. Of clover and timothy, by States. Since 1915, usually in December. In foreign countries. Office table 260. Quality, by States. Since 1877, usually in August. Seed used per acre in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Varieties : Red, principal growing regions, etc., September, 1915, p. 50. Alsike, principal growing regions. February, 1917, p. 17. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1912, usually in August. Clover (Seed). Adulteration. March, 1909, pp. 21-22. March, 1910, pp. 21-22. Acreage, per cent of preceding crop, by States. Since 1892, usually in September. Condition, by States. Since 1904 in September ; since 1913 in October. Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since January, 1910. Paid by farmers, by States. Monthly since June, 1912. Wholesale, at four United States markets. Monthly since 1896; office table 294-8 ; also Yearbooks. Production, per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in Novem- ber. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1911, usually in November. Cold Storage. Time, costs, etc. Bureau of Statistics Bulletins, 93, 101. Condition. (For further details see each crop.) Monthly during season. Since 1866: Apples, barley, buckwheat, corn, cot- ton. hay, grapes, oats, peaches, pears, potatoes, sorghum for sirup, tobacco, wheat. Since 1867 : Hops, sugar cane. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 25 Condition — Continued. Monthly during season — Continued. Since 1868 : Sweet potatoes. Since 1882 : Meadows, pastures. Since 1894 : Rice. Since 1903 : Flaxseed. Since 1904 : Clover seed. Since 1906: Alfalfa, blackberries, broom corn, cabbage, canteloupes, cranberries, field beans, field peas, hemp, lemons, millet, onions, oranges, peanuts, raspberries, sugar beets, tomatoes, watermelons. Since 1907 : Grapefruit, lima beans, limes, pineapples, strawberries. Since 1911 : Almonds, apricots, olives, prunes, walnuts. Since 1912 : Cauliflower. Composite estimate of all important crops since 1910, monthly during grow- ing season. Interpretation of condition estimates in items of quantities (equivalents of 100 per cent of normal) : December, 1909, pp. 86-87 ; July, 1911, pp. 53-55 ; and once a year since 1911. Consumption (of Farm Products). Per capita : United States, normal consumption of miscellaneous articles. Office tables 379, 309. United States and foreign countries, cereals. Office tables 388, 239 239A. United States and foreign countries, meats, etc. Office tables 347, 348. United States and foreign countries, sugar. Office tables 319, 324, 378-3 384. Wheat, United States, 1909-1920. Office table 405. Other articles (see each article). Cordwood. Consumption, on farms. March, 1917, p. 24; January, 1918, p 4; March 1919, p. 32. Com (Field). Acreage : By States, since 1866. Usually in July ; revised in December. Foreign countries. Since 1904, Yearbook ; office table 325-2. Condition. Since 1866, in July, August, October; since 1867, in September, except 1877 to 1881. Consumption : By brewers, 1915-1918. November, 1918, p. 135. By classes of live stock. August, 1919, p. 77 ; October, 1914, pp. 8-9. Monthly on farms. June, 1919, p. 57. In towns and on farms, by uses. June, 1917, p. 50. Per capita of population, United States and foreign countries, 1902-1911, October, 1918, p. 124 ; and 1909-1913 and 1914-1918, Yearbook 1919^ Table 88. Damage to crop: Causes and amount, 1909-1918. November, 1919, p. 117. Causes of 1909-1911. June, 1912, pp. 46-48. By frost, since 1909. November, 1915, p. 68; December, 1915, p. 82; October, 917, p. 101; November, 1917, pp. 110-111; November, 1919, p. 117. 14920°— 20 4 26 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OE AGRICULTURE. Corn (Field) — Continued. Harvesting, date of : By State. January, 1912, pp. 4-5; Bureau of Statistics Bulletin 85. Methods of. November, 1918, p. 140. Per cent monthly. October, 1919; p. 104. For silos. July, 1915, p. 4. Marketings monthly from farms. Since 1914, in October. Merchantable per cent. Since 1884, usually in March. Planting, dates of: By States. May, 1912, p. 35; June, 1915, p. 5 (chart.) Bureau of Statistics Bulletin 85; April, 1913, p. 32 (map). Per cent of replanting required. June, 1918, p. 64. Prices : Corn and hog compared, 1910-1916. September, 1916, p. 86 (chart) and usually each year since. Geographic phases, Department Bulletin 696. To producers, by States, on December 1. , Since 1866, monthly since January, 1908. Trend of 1908-9 to 1914-15. October, 1915, p. 61. Wholesale. At. United States markets. Monthly since 1865. Office table 294 ; also Yearbooks. Production : By States. Since 1866, usually in November ; revised in December. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911 each month, July to October, inclusive. In foreign countries. Usually once a year or oftener, since 1895. , Cost of, by States, 1909. April, 1911, p. 30. Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in November, except 1877-1881, 1883, 1890, 1893. Seed: Deficiency and surplus in 1918 in Central States. March, 1918, p. 29 (with map). Testing and germination. June, 1918, p. 64. Used per acre in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Shipments out of county where grown, by States, since 1910, usually in March. Stocks on farms, * By States, since 1883, usually in March, and since 1896, usually in November. Relative stocks, January 1, 1917, and 1918. May, 1918, p. 52. Supply and distribution, since 1897. March, 1920, p. 26. Value on farms, by States, since 1866, usually in December. Varieties, per cent of crop, by States, since 1915, usually once each year. (1917-18, Feb., 1919, p. 21.) Yield per acre, by States: Since 1866, usually in November. Revised in December. Annual changes in United States since 1866. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent to 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Usually once a year since 1911. In foreign countries since 1890. Office table 312 ; also Yearbooks. Largest reported in United States. January, 1918, p. 2. See also “ Freight Charges.” STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 27 Corn (Pop). Acreage, by States, 1909. Office table 230 (Thirteenth Census data). arms growing pop corn in 1909, by States. Office table 230 (Thirteenth Census data). P ono S i? producers > b y States. Monthly since November, 1912; Office table 293-07. Value on farms, by States. 1909. Office table 230 (Thirteenth Census CIStcl ) . Com (Sweet). Acreage for canning: 1913-1915. July , 1915, p. 11 ; 1917-18 ; Yearbook. 1919, Table 184. By States, 1915-1917. February, 1916, p. 17; December, 1916, 122* August, 1917, p. 76. ’ Since 1915, usually in September and October (Truck Crop Division). Condition for canning : ’ ' Since August, 1916; usually twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). 1 Sl rhvi^on) 1, 1915 ’ USUally twice a montl1 during season (Truck Crop Packed : In United States, 1904-1908. Office table 25-B. In United States and Canada, 1903-1905. January, 1904, p. 71* De- cember, 1904, p. 65; February, 1915, p. 84. ’ In Minnesota. January, 1908, p. 8.' Prices : A March ^ SPeClal reP ° rt ^ TrUCk Cl '° P DIvision ’ “g 6 ' ° f c4nned - at New by months since 1912. Office table Production, for canning: Since 1917. Usually in October (Truck Crop Division). 1917-18. Yearbook, 1919, p. 184. Dates of planting and harvesting and per cent planted and harvested each month, by States. Office table 273-2. ^ 4, l 1920 Cr ° P f ° r Canning- SpeCial report by Truck Cr °P division, March Cotton. Acreage : Abandoned. Since 1900, in December ^December. 011 * **** ^ 1866 ’ in JuIy > * Harvested, by States, 1910-1919. Yearbook 1919, Table 126. Se july Ia i919 a p <1 67 SJPtian ’ ^ Stat6S ’ 1917 1919 - Au S ust . 1918, p. 87; Also production in Arizona, 1913-1919. Office table 393 (chart). In ^a^ook C ° UntIaeS * USUaHy ° nCe a year or oftener since 1911 ; also In Imperial Valley (Mexican only), 1914-15. November, 1915 p 73 (later years with United States data). Per cent of land area, by States. April, 1910, p 30 Commercial movement, 1895-1903. Division Statistics circulars 4, 6, 7, 8 9- and Division Statistics bulletins 17, 19, 28 34. ’ ’ 28 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Cotton — Continued. Condition by States. Since 1866 in August ; since 1867 in July and Septem- ber ; since 1871 in June ; since 1919 in October. Consumption : United States and. Canada. January, 1915, p. 13. In United States and changes in. November, 1914, p. 11. Damage, causes, and extent: By States. 1909, June 12, p. 46. 1909-18. August, 1919, p. 75. Disposal, monthly by producers, by States. October, 1916, p. 99; August, 1915, p. 32. Estimates compared with ginning report of Bureau of the Census, 1900- 1901 to 1915-16. June, 1916, p. 58. Estimates of acreage, condition and production compared to census report, 1910-1918. Office table 373. Fertilizer : Commercial, sold in Cotton States, 1914-1916. July, 1916, p. 69 ; July, 1915, p. 5. Cost and quantity per acre, by States. June, 1917, p. 50. Kinds, quantity per acre, proportion of fields receiving, by State. August, 1917, p. 77 ; October, 1916, p. 100. Freight rates: From United States ports to Liverpool. Monthiy quotations since 1905. Office table 288-A. Ocean, 1910-1915. December, 1915, p. 80. Over various ocean routes. Since 1881. Office table 288-B. Harvesting (see picking). Lint, length of, by varieties, by States, 1915-16. June, 1917, pp. 52-53 (general discussion, including prices, proportions, varieties, yields, etc.) ; June, 1920, p. 52. Department Bulletin 733. Planting : Dates of by States. May, 1912, p. 35. Normal period, by States. June, 1915, 7 (chart). Picking: Normal period, by States. June, 1915, p. 7 (chart). Prices : In United States (farm, New York, or export prices). Since 1790. Office table 294-10. To producers, by States. On December 1, since 1876, excepting 1877 and 1881 ; monthly since January, 1908. Office table 293-10. To producers, long staple, short staple, and Sea Island compared, by States, 1915-16. June, 1917, p. 53. To producers, yearly weighted average, United States and States, 1915- 1918. July, 1919, p. 65. To producers, in United States, 1869 to 1910. December, 1910, p. 94. Middling at New York, 1870-1909 (New York Chamber of Commerce). Office table 97. Spot prices of middling upland at New Orleans, New York, and Liver- pool. October, 1915, p. 61. Paid for picking, by States. October, 1918, p. 128. Wholesale, at United States markets. Monthly since 1891. Office table 294^10; Yearbooks. Production : By States. Since 1866, usually in December. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 29 Cotton — Continued. Production — Continued. Cost of, by States, Division Statistics bulletin 16. November, 1914, pp. 12-14. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, each month, June to October, inclusive. Also acreage in Arizona, 1913-1919. Office table 398 (chart). Of lint, by States, 1910-1919. Yearbook 1919, table 127 (Bureau of Census data). Of long staple, by States and counties. June, 1916, pp. 50-51. Of linters. August, 1915, p. 34. In foreign countries. Usually once a year or oftener since 1900; also Yearbook. In foreign countries, 1914-1919. Office table 393. In foreign countries, expenditures for promotion of. April, 1913, p. 30. Per cent of long staple, short staple, and Sea Island by States. June 1917, pp. 52-53. Per cent of “ world ” crop produced in United States, 1900-1909. May, 1911, p. 37. Snapped and body, by States, 1917. October, 1918, pp. 120-121. And Prices, 1791-1895. Division Statistics bulletin 9. Prices and exports, 1790-1911. Bureau Statistics circular 32. Seed : Requirements, by States. Office table, 313-9. Used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. States : Agricultural products shipped into. December, 1914, pp. 12-13. Fall seedlings in. January, 1915, pp. 7-8. Production of agricultural products (discussion). December 1914 pp. 12-13. Stocks at interior towns, 1902-1907. Several times each year at irregular intervals (commercial estimates). Supply and distribution, 1881-1913. November, 1914, pp. 9-12. Varieties, length of staple by States producing, 1915-16, June, 1917 np 52-53. Value on farms: In United States 1790-1905. March, 1907, pp. 18-19. By States, since 1876, excepting 1877 and 1881. Usually in December Per acre, 1899, 1909, 1910, 1911. December, 1912, p. 92. Weight per bale, in United States, 1790-1905. March, 1907, pp. 18-19. Yield per acre: By States, since 1866. Usually in December. Annual changes in United States since 1866. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) condiiton. Once a year since 1911. Increase of, in South Carolina. August, 1915, p. 37. Largest reported in United States. January, 1918, pp. 2-4. Lint by States, 1915-16. June, 1917, p. 58. Cotton Seed. Consumption of meal in Southern States, 1904-1908. Office Table 51. Crushed : In United States, August, 1915, p. 34 ; October, 1903, p. 48. For oil, in United States, 1918-19. September, 1919, p. 92. 30 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Cotton Seed — Continued. Crushing establishments, number of in United States, by States, 1911-12. April, 1913, p. 29. Crushing industry, growth of in United States. September, 1912, p. 67. Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since September, 1910. To producers, yearly average price, by States, 1915-1918. July, 1919, p. 65. Paid by farmers for hulls, by States. Monthly since February, 1915. Paid by farmers for meal, by States. Monthly since January, 1910. At Memphis, Tenn., 1896-1912, and at specified cities, 1904-1911. Office Table 340. Wholesale for oil at New York since 1891 and at Chicago since 1902. Office Table 294-38. Production, by States, 1910-1919. January, 1920, p. 1. Value, by States, 1910-1919. January, 1920, p. 1. Value on farms. December 1, 1918. Cowpeas. Acreage : By States, since 1916. Usually in December. By States. July, 1918, p. 78. For forage, by States, 1918-19. February, 1920, p. 11. For grain, by States, 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 12. Harvested for grain, hay, hogged off, etc., 1917. May, 1918, p. 49 ; 1906 - 1908, in November. Planted with other crops, 1917. May, 1918, p. 49. Comments, general discussion, etc. February, 1916, p. 19 ; October, 1917, p. 100 ; May, 1918, p. 48. Conditions : By States, 1906-1914. Usually in July, August, September, October. In Florida, 1906-1914. May to October. Consumption, for various purposes, by States. February, 1916, p. 19. Crop in Oklahoma, 1907. March, 1920, p. 24. Prices to producers, by States. Monthly since January, 1913. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. February, 1916, p. 19. Production : By States, since 1917. Usually in December. Of forage, by States, 1906-1914. Usually in November. Of grain, by States, 1917-1919; February, 1920. p. 12; 1912-13; 1906- 1914. Usually in November. Density of (chart), May, 1918, p. 48. Per cent of crop by States, 1913. Seed germination, by States and varieties, in 1907. July, 1907, p. 55. Seed used per acre, United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Value on farms, United States, December 1, 1917-1919. Usually in De- cember. Yield per acre: By States, since 1917. Usually in December. Of forage, by States, 1918-19. February, 1920, p. 11. Of grain, by States, 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 12. In important States. February, 1916, p. 19. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CKOP ESTIMATES. 31 Cranberries. Acreage (3 States). Since 1914, in December. Condition, by States. Since 1906, in September and October. Estimated commercial crop of the United States, in bushels, by 'the Amer- ican Cranberry Growers’ Association, 1895-1903. Crop Report, March, 1904, p. 92. Percentage of United States acreage, in States (based on Census of 1900). October, 1908, p. 76 ; September, 1908, p. 68. Prices (3 States), December 1. Since 1914. Production : Three States. Since 1914, in December. Compared with average, United States, 1912, in November. Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1906, in November. Quality. Since 1910, in November. Yield per acre. Since 1911, in November, except 1913. Cream Separators. Number, in Kansas, 1914-1917. May, 1918, p. 53. Crop Reporters. Number and distribution (map). October, 1916, p. 105. Percentage reporting, 1912-1917. August, 1917, p. 74. Crop Reports. Area covered by correspondents. April, 1917, p. 32. Errors in. March, 1919, p. 31, Foreign. (See individual crops, etc.) Help to farmers. September, 1917, p. 88 ; May, 1908, p. 39. International Institute of Agriculture. April, 1910, p. 39. Increased number from reporters. August, 1917, p. 74. Questions and answers on. February, 1916, pp. 15-16. State departments of agriculture, periods in which issued. Office table 338. State Reports (statistical), States and offices issuing. Office table 101. Cucumbers. Acreage, for pickling, by States: Since July, 1918, in September, October, November (Truck Crop Divi- sion). 1915-1918, October, 1916. p. 107 ; July, 1918, p. 79 ; October, 1918, p. 127. In March. December, 1915, p. 84. Condition : By States. Since April, 1915; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Pickle crop. Since August, 1916; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Dates of planting and harvesting, by States : Office table 273-2. Production : Pickle crop, by States. September and November, 1919 (Truck Crop Division). For pickling in Michigan. December, 1915, p. 84. Special Report; price and value of pickle crop, April 13, 1920. Weekly Crop and Market Review (Truck Crop Division). Yield per acre, for pickling, in Michigan. December, 1915, p. 84. 32 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Damage to Crops. Causes of, since 1909 : Barley, corn, hay, oats, rice, tobacco, wheat. June, 1912, pp. 46 and 48. Cotton. June, 1912 ; August, 1919. Frost damage to corn. Special reports, November, 1915; December, 1915; October, 1917 ; November, 1917 ; November, 1919. Eggplant. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915 ; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Eggs. Prices : Farm, United States, by States. 1st of month, February, 1900 ; March, 1909, and monthly. Office table 293-60. Range of, on specified markets, 1895. June, 1899, and monthly ; Year- book since 1900. Receipts : Yearly, at specified markets, 1891-1911. February, 1912, p. 16, con- tinuing usually in February ; Office table 294-22 ; Yearbook. Monthly, at specified markets. May, 1910. Fertilizers. Commercial : Consumption, by States. Office table 51, revised. For cotton. (See cotton.) Sold in cotton States. (See cotton.) In Ohio. December, 1907, p. 102. Production and consumption, by States. October, 1909, p. 71. Flax and Flaxseed. Acreage : For seed, by States. Since 1902, usually in July, revised in December. In foreign countries. Since 1900, usually once a year ; also Yearbook. In Argentina, 1891-1919. March, 1919, p. 32. Condition for seed, by States. Since 1903 ; monthly July to October. Fiber industry, in Michigan. May, 1902, p. 6. Historical notes. December, 1903, p. 65. Marketings, monthly, by farmers. Since 1907, usually once a year in September. Planting, dates of, by States. May, 1912, p. 35. Price of seed : To producers, by States, on December 1. Since 1902 ; monthly since January, 1908. To producers, in United States. Monthly since January, 1908. Office table 293-8. Wholesale, at three United States markets. Monthly since 1895 ; Office table 294-12 ; also Yearbooks. Production : Of seed, by States, census years 185CKL910 (Census data). Office table 282. Of seed, by States. Since 1902, usually in November; revised in De- cember. Of seed, forecast from condition. Since 1911; monthly July to No- vember, inclusive. Seed and fiber, in foreign countries. Since 1896, usually at least once a year ; also Yearbook. In Argentina, 1891-1918. March, 1919, p. 32. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 33 Flax and Flaxseed — Continued. Quality, by States. Since 1903, usually in November. Seed used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Supply, United States, 1880-1903. December, 1903, p. 65, since 1886* Office table 155. Value, on farms, by States. Since 1902, usually in December. Yield per acre : Bj States. Since 1902, usually in November. Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Once a year since 1911. Largest reported. January, 1918, p. 2. Food. Emergency survey. December, 1917, p. 126. Foodstuffs, production, consumption, and foreign trade of United States. March, 1917, p. 26. Foreign crop and live stock statistics : current data, “ Foreign Crops and Lne Stock Reports,” semi-monthly since March, 1919. Freight Charges on Farm Products. Grain, cotton, live stock, meats, etc. : By rail and lake. 1857-1900, Division Statistics Bulletin No 15 By rail and lake. 1891-1912 ; Yearbook, 1894-1912. B oJn a 1 ’ lake ’ and ° CeaD ' 1881 ’ Yearb00ks > 1905-1912 ; Office table 259, 259A, 288B. Grain and cotton : Ocean, monthly. 1905 ; Yearbooks, 1905-1912 ; Office table 288, 288A Various products: By river, 1912. Department Bulletin 74. Fruits and Nuts, Miscellaneous. Bananas: Prc^uction in Florida: 1889-91-93-95-97-99; Quantity and value, March, 1902, p. 2 (Florida Report). California fruit and nuts: Shipments of. Yearbook, 1901, p. 712. Statistics of fruits in principal countries. Bulletin 483, February, 1917. V ft 'C/# f vvo • Commercial, by States. July, 1917, p. 57; July, 1918 p 79 Coconuts: ’ Coconut and copra and coconut-oil industry in United States (discussion) August, 1904, p. 28. Garlic. Acreage, commercial, in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, California, 1916 and 191 ( ; May, 1917, p. 40. Comlition by States, since April, 1915. Twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Goats. Number, world : office table 262 ; also Yearbook. Industry in the United States and foreign countries. May, 1899, p 2. Grain Sorghums, Kafirs, etc. Acreage, by States. Since 1915, usually in December. 34 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Grain, Sorghums, Kafirs, etc. — Continued. Consumption of grain, per cent used for seeding and sown for forage. November, 1909, p. 76 ; November, 1908, p. 85 ; November, 1907, pp. 81-82 ; November, 1906, p. 50. Crop, in Oklahoma, in 1907. March, 1909, p. 24. Condition, by States. Since 1906, usually each month, July to October. Prices, to producers. On December 1 since 1915; monthly since April, 1916; also office table 293-70. Production : By States. Since 1915, usually in July; revised in December. Forecast from production. Since 1915, usually in July, August, and September. Per cent of full crop of grain and forage, by States. Since 1906, usually in November. Value, by States. On December 1 since 1915. Yield per acre, of grain and forage. Since 1916, usually in November. Grapefruit (Florida). Conditions. Since 1907, in March and November. Prices, per crate, 1st of month. Since 1908, in March. Production : Percentage of a full crop. Since 1907, in December. Compared with average. November, 1910. Per 100 trees. Since 1912, in December. Quality. Since 1912, in December. Grapes. Condition, by States. Since 1866, in July, August, September, and October, except in 1879, 1898-1901. Per cent United States vines grown in each State (based on 1900 census). 1908, July, August, October, pp. 53, 60, 76. Prices, by States, per pound ( July-December). Since 1910, in September. Production, by States, percentage of a full crop. Since 1866, in November, except 1877-81. Quality, by States. Since 1910, in November. Grapes (California). Raisin , table, and wine: Condition. Since 1911, July to November. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1911, October, November, and December. Quality. Since 1911, October, November, and December. Yield per acre. Since 1911, October, November, and December. Harvesting. (See Planting and harvesting periods; also Bulletin 85, Bureau of Sta- tistics). Hauling. By wagon and motor truck, discussion. October, 1918, p. 125. Office table 397. By wagon. April, 1915, p. 11 ; Bu. Statistics Bui. 49. 35 STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. Hay (All). 1 Acreage : By States. Since 1866, usually in May, revised in August and De- cember. In Canada, 1916 and 1917, September, 1917, p. 83. Condition, by States. Since 1882 in May ; since 190S in June and August. Consumption, by live stock, on farms in United States. October, 1914, p. 8, 9 ; since 1911 monthly in May. Damage to crop, by States. 1909-11. June, 1912, pp. 46-48. Harvesting, per cent monthly. October, 1919, p. 104. Percentage baled, by States. October, 1918, p. 119. Prices : To producers, by States. On December 1 since 1866; “loose hay,” monthly since January,. 1908. Office table 293-9. To producers, by States. “ Baled hay,” November, 1915. Office table 293-14. Wholesale, at four United States markets. Monthly since 1895. Office table 294-7, and Yearbooks. Production : By States, since 1866, usually in September; revised in December* except 1890-1911. Forecast from condition by States. Since 1911, monthly, May to August, inclusive. By kinds. Since 1915, usually in December. Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in September, except 1877-81, 1883 1890, 1892. Stocks on farms, by States. Since 1909, usually in May ; 1910-19, May, 1919, p. 48. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Varieties, per cent of crop, by States. January, 1919, p. 2. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1866, usually in September; revised in December. Annual changes 1866 to 1889. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent to 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Since 1911 once a year. By varieties and States, 1918. January, 1919, p. 2. Hay (Tame). Acreage, by States: Since 1866, usually in August; revised in December. Condition : By States. Since 1882 in May ; since 1908 in June and August Of meadows in Florida. 1882 in May ; since 1911 in March. Harvesting (see individual hay crops). Prices : To producers. On December 1 since 1866; monthly since May, 1914. Wholesale, at five United States markets. Monthly since 1895; office table 294-7 ; also Yearbooks. Production : By States. Since 1866, usually in September ; revised in December. By varieties, by States. Office tables 399, 371. i Includes tame and wild hay 1866 to 1889 ; tame hay only 1890 to 1913 and tame inn wilri sinf»o 1Q19 ’ * c 36 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Hay (Tame) — Continued. Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in September, except 1877-81, 1883, 1890, 1892. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Varieties : Per cent of crop, by States. January, 1919, p. 2. Area and production of, in 1919. Office table 396. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1866, usually in September ; revised in December. Annual changes in United States since 1890. January, 1919, p. 3. By varieties and States, 1918. January, 1919, p. 2. t Hay (Wild). Acreage, by States. Since 1909, usually in August ; revised in December. Prices to producers (prairie hay), by States. Monthly since May, 1914. Production, by States. Since 1909, usually in September; revised in December. Quality, by States. Since 1914, usually in September. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1909, usually in September; revised in December. Hemp. Acreage : By (2) States. Since 1915, usually in December. By States, 1909 (Census (lata). Office table 214. Per cent of United States, in each State. June, 1908, p. 44. In Philippines. February, 1919, p. 21. Condition, by States, since 1906. Monthly, June to September. Prices to producers, by States. On December 1 since 1915. Production : By (2) States. Since 1915, usually in December. By States, 1909 (census data). Office table 214. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October. In foreign countries, occasionally since 1889. In Philippines, 1915-17. February, 1919, p. 21. Weight per bale, in Philippines. August, 1916, p. 83. Value : On farms, by States. Since 1915, usually in December. In Philippines. February, 1919, p. 21. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1911, usually in October. Honey. Prices, farm, United States, by States, 15th of month. January, 1910, and monthly. Office tables 2j93— 28 and 293—29. Production : Yield per colony, by States, in United States. September, 1914 ; Farmers’ Bulletin 620, p. 7 ; following usually in September. In Mexico, 1903-1904. December, 1909, p. 58. Hops. Acreage : By (4) States. Since 1915, usually in October; revised in December. By States, 1899 and 1909 (census data). Office table 237. In Wisconsin, by counties. Office table 45-A. In foreign countries. Since 1895, usually once a year or oftener. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 37 Hops — Continued. Condition, by States. Since 1867, excepting 1S7S-18S9, in September. Since 1895, in August ; since 1906, in July. Consumption and movement, in United States, 1900-1919. Usually once a year ; also Yearbook. Crop, in Washington. November, 1916, p! 117. Price to producers, by States. ' On November 15 since 1915 ; monthly since January, 1910. To producers, in United States. Monthly since 1910. Office table 293-59. Wholesale at four United States markets. Monthly since 1913. Office table; also Yearbooks. 1790-1911, Bureau Statistics circular 35. Production : By (4) States. Since 1915, usually in October; revised in December. By States, 1899 and 1909 (census data). Office table 237. In Wisconsin, by counties, 18S(KL906. Office table 45. In foreign countries. Since 1895, usually once a year or oftener. United States, 1839-1911. Bureau statistics circular 35; also Year- book. United States as per cent of “ world.” May, 1911, p. 37. Quality, by States. Since 1882, except 1884, 1887, 1892-3, 1896-1898, usually in October. Value on farms, by States. Since 1915, usually in November; 1899 and 1909 (census data), office table 237. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1882, except 1884, 1887, 1892-3, usually in October ; revised in December. Horses. Birth rate, monthly. February, 1913, p. 14. Cost of raising, by States and divisions, in the United States, April, 1913, p. 28. Losses (horses and mules), year ending March 31, since 1888 (1915 missing), and condition since 1889 (1898 and 1902 missing), April 1. April, 1903, and following each year in April. Number : Average price and total value, United States, by States. January 1 each year since 1867. World, office table 262; Yearbook since 1905. In foreign countries, recent years. Office table 403-3. Used per plow in United States, by States. February, 1918, p. 16. Prices : Farm, United States, by States. Fifteenth of month since February, 1910; April, 1910, and following. Estimated averages for United States, by ages or classes, on January 1, 1911-1917. January, 1917, p. 11, and following in February. Wholesale, on specified markets, from 1896. Yearbook since 1900. Receipts at specified markets, 1900 to date. Table 248. On some markets since 1869. Report of statistician. Weight of mature horses in United States. February, 1918, p. 10. Horses and mules, value, aggregate, United States, by States, comparisons, 1917, 1918, and average 1912-1916. February, 1918, p. 16, and following yearly in February. 38 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Index 'Numbers. Food supplies, United States and foreign countries. August, 1917, p. 73. Prices : Bradstreets’. January, 1911, to date. Office table 333. Method of obtaining. August, 1918, p. 96. Ten crops. Monthly, 1908-1920 ; Jul y, 1920, p. 62. Meat animals. Monthly, 1903-1920, July, 1920, p. 73. Prices and production. United States. April, 1912, p. 32. Productivity, various countries. June, 1913, p. 47. Production, world’s crops, 1900-1911. May, 1913, p. 35. Production, price, and yield of 10 products, 1866-1910. March, 1911, p. 21. Labor (on Farms). Families on farms, in United States and Japan, 1914. August, 1917, p. 77. Supply and demand. Since 1918, usually in April. Wages, by States. Since 1866, usually in March. Lambs. Birth rate, monthly. February, 1913, p. 14. Losses from disease, year ending March 31, since 1912. April, 1912, and following (1915 missing) ; Bulletin 109. Number (sheep and lambs) : World, office table 262. Slaughtered at principal places, 1884-1914. Report 109, p. 307. Prices : Farm, per 100 pounds, on 15th of month, United States, by States, Dec. 15, 1909. January, 1910, and following. Monthly trend per 100 pounds to producers, average 1910-1914. Chart, July 15, 1915, p. 8. Land. Distribution, continental United States, 1910. July, 1912, pp. 52-54. Size of fields, United States. August, 1910, p. 63. Tillable land, percentage under cultivation, by States. Weekly News Letter, January 28, 1914 (vol. 1, No. 25, p. 2). Value per acre, with and without improvements, by States, 1913-14. Office table 351. Value of plowland, by States. Since 1912, usually in March. World’s productive area. August, 1919, p. 78. Lemons (California). Condition. Since 1906, March to November. Prices, per box, 1st of month. Since 1911, in September. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1906, in December. Quality. Since 1911, in December. Yield per acre. Since 1911, in December. Lemons (Florida). Condition. 1911, in September; 1912, in April, May, and June. Lettuce. Acreage, by States. October, 1919 (Truck Crop Division). Condition, by States. Since April, 1915 ; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-2. Production, by States, January, 1920 (Truck Crop Division) Limes (Florida). Condition. Since 1907, March to November. Prices. Per crate, 1st of month. Since 1908, in March. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 39 Limes (Florida) — Continued. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1907, in December, v Quality. Since 1915, in December. Live Stock. (For further details see each class of live stock.) Condition. Since 1889, cattle, horses, mules, sheep, swine, April. Freight rates, rail and ocean, 1881 to 1915. Office table 259 ; Yearbooks. Losses. Since 1884, cattle, sheep, and swine ; since 1888, horses and mules * since 1910, lambs. Number and value, January 1. Since 1867, cattle, milk cows, horses, mules, sheep, swine. Value, aggregate. Since 1918, February. Meats. Consumption : United Kingdom, 1907-8. September, 1909, p. 64 ; Report 109. United States and foreign countries. February, 1912, p. 9 * latest year available, tables 347, 348, 379. And production, 1900 and 1909, by kinds. Farmers’ Bulletin 575 p 26; Report 109, p. 263. ’ And production, 19 years. March, 1919, pp. 30-31 ; March, 1920, p. 27. Estimated, per capita, urban and rural, by divisions in the United States. October, 1919, p. 105 ; corrected, November, 1919, p. H6 And prodpction in Germany, 1904-1913. Report 109, pp. 264-267. Total, by kinds and countries, in specified years. Report 109, p 271 • per capita, 272-273, Report 109. Prices : Index number of, to producers of meat animals in United States, by months, 1911-1917. May, 1917, p. 40; 1912-1918, February, 1919’ p. 9 ; and following in February. Wholesale, of fresh meats on prominent markets in various countries. Report 109. On some markets since 1865. Report of statistician Wholesale of beef, canned, at Chicago, by months, 1912 to date Office table 294-230. Beef (mess), per barrel at Chicago, 1870-1909. Office table 97. Hams (smoked), wholesale, at Chicago, by months, 1912 to date Office table 294-29. Lard, ^wholesale, at Chicago, by months, 1912 to date. Office table 294- 331. Production : Beef, mutton, pork, total and per capita, 1900-1916. Office table 301. Beef and pork, yearly average, five-year periods, 1852-1856, 1912-1916 and each year 1911-1919. Office table 359-1. By kinds, net supply, 1915-1918., Office table 356. Ratio of slaughter to stock of animals (cattle, sheep, swine) in United States, United Kingdom, and Germany, in specified years Renort 109 pp. 269-270. Value, estimated of animals and animal products (including poultry), 1897- 1915. January, 1916, p. 3, and yearly in January. Weight, average dressed, of cattle, sheep, and swine in specified countries Report 109, pp. 267-277. Milk. Prices, average, to producers. 1910 to date, monthly ; office tables 293-24 and 293-25 ; April, 1910, p. 32, and following in almost every issue. 40 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Milk — Continued. Production : 1918 and 1917 compared. February, 1919, p. 19 ; Yearbook, 1918, p. 707. „ And value. January 31, 1916, p. 2. Milk Cows. Number, average price, total value in United States, by States. January 1, since 1867. 1904, usually in February. Yearbook. Number, world. Yearbook since 1905. Prices, farm’, 15th of month, United States, by States, February. 1910. April, 1910, and following. See also Cattle. Millet. Acreage, in Asiatic Turkey, 1910. January, 1913, p. 15. Condition, by States. Since 1906, usually in June and September. Crop, in certain foreign countries. Crop Records Division files. Prices, range by months at Chicago, 1905-1915. Office table 268. Production : By States. Since 1915, usually in December. Per cent of full crop (hay and seed), by States. Since 1906, usually in October. Mint. Crop in Indiana and Michigan, 1914-1918. September, 1919, p. 91. Mules. Losses from disease, year ending March 31. Since 1888 (1915 missing) ; condition April 1, since 1889 (1898, 1902 missing). April, 1912, and fol- lowing each year in April. Number, average price, and total value in United States, by States. Janu- ary 1, since 1867; February, 1904, and following in February. Also Yearbooks. Number, world. February, 1910, p. 14. Yearbook since 1905. Prices : Estimated averages for United States, by ages or classes, on January 1, 1911-1917. January, 1917, p. 11, and following in February. Comparisons in South. February, 1920, p. 15. Weight of mature, in United States. February, 1918, p. 10. Mules and horses, value, aggregate, United States, by States ; comparisons, 1917, 1918, and average, 1912-1916. February, 1918, p. 16, and following yearly in February. Nuts. A Imonds ( California ) : Condition. Since 1911, May to October. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1911, in November. Walnuts ( California ): Condition. Since 1911, June to October. Price, pdr bushel, 15th of each month. Since October, 1912 ; also Office table 293-37 to date., Black walnuts: Prices, 15th of Month, per bushel, by States (October to February). Since 1912, in October. Price averages, United States, per bushel (October to February). Since 1912, in October ; Farmers’ Bulletin 641, p. 38. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 41 Nuts — Continued. Hickory nuts: Price averages : tJnIt tober tateS ’ Per bUSheI ( ° ct0ber to February), since 1912, in Oc- m ° n n ‘\ Per bUShe1 ’ by States (0ctober to February). Since 1913, in October; also office table 293-38 Pecans: Condition, July 1, by States, 1916-17-18. July, 1918 p 79 Pl SU P cr bUShe1 ’ 15th ° f 6aCh “° nth - 0ct °ber, 1914;' also office table Production : 1919, with comparisons, by States. November, 1919 p 115 p er cent of a full crop, by States. November, 1917,’ p.' 112 November, 191b, p. 117. 9 p er cent of a full crop, with comparisons, 1915-1918, by States. Novem- ner , iyio, p. 138. Chestnuts: P " 93 - 4 ? r bUSbe1, 15th of each month ' October, 1914, to date. Table Oats. Acreage : By States. Since 1866, usually in June; revised in December. Informgn countries, 1917-1919. January, 1920, p. 3; Yearbooks since Winter sown, by States. May, 1918, p. 52 C °tembe°r n ’ ** *** 1866 ’ in Ju “ e aiUl August : si “ce 1867, in Sep- Consumption : By classes of live stock. August, 1919, p. 77; October, 1914, p. 8-9 Monthly on farms. June, 1919, p. 57. P p er capita of population, United States and foreign countries, 1902- 1919,' table 88?^ ’ P ' 124 ! 1909-1913 and ^W-IOIS, Yearbook Damage to crop, causes of, by States, 1909-1911. June, 1912 p 46 Dates of sowing and harvesting in different countries. Office ’table 297-1 United States, by States, Bureau Statistics Bui. 85 Harvesting : Per cent monthly for United States. October, 1919, p. 104 Methods of, by States. February, 1917, p„ 14. ' M “eTm^^l02 Om far “ S ’ SiDCe 1913 ' Seplember > 1918 - P- 105- and dates 0f ’ by States ‘ May > 1912. P- 35; Bureau Statistics Bui. 85. T °january CT 1908 °“ DeCe “ ber X since 1866 ! monthly, since Geographic phases-, 1911-1914. Department Bui 755 Trend of. Monthly, 1908-1914 and 1914-15; October* 1915, p. 60. Wholesale at eight United States markets, monthly since 1895. Office table 294-t2 ; also Yearbooks., Production : By States, since 1866; usually in October; revised in December. Forecast from- condition, by States. Since 1911, in June, August SeD- tember, October. 6 ’ p 42 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Oats — Continued. Production — Continued. In foreign countries. Since 1895, usually once a year or oftener ; also in Yearbook; 1917-1919, January, 1920, p. 3. Cost of, by States. June, 1911, p. 47. Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in October. Except 1877-1881, 1885, 1890-1, 1903. Seed used per acre: In United States., June, 1913, p. 48. In foreign countries. April, 1915, p. 11. Shipments out of county where grown, by States. Since 1910, usually in March. Stocks on farms: By States. Since 1895, usually in March and August. Relative stocks, January 1, 1917 and 1918. May, 1918, p. 52. Supply and distribution, since 1897. March, 1920, p. 26. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Weight per measured bushel, by States., Since 1897, usually in November. Yield per acre, by States: Since 1866, usually in October, revised in December. Annual changes in United States since 1866. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent to 100 per cent, or normal condition. Usually once a year since 1911. In foreign countries since 1890. Office table 312-3 ; also Yearbooks. Largest reported in United States. August, 1916, p. 76; January, 1918, p. 2. Olives (California). Condition. Since 1911, June to November. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1911, in December. Onions. Acreage : By States. Since 1913, usually in September, revised in November; since November, 1914, usually in May, August, September, and No- vember (Truck Crop Division). Bermuda, by States. Since March, 1916, usually in July and November (Truck Crop Division). Percentage grown from seed. March, 1919, p. 29. Per cent of total, by States. October, 1908, p. 76. Condition : By States. Since 1906, June to September, inclusive; since April, 1915, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Bermuda, by States. Since April, 1915, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Crop: In Indiana. March, 1905, p. 95. Commercial estimates, 1901. December, 1901, p. 8. Dates of planting and harvest, by States. Office table 273-2. Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since January, 1910. Wholesale at three United States markets. Monthly since 1911. Production: By States, 1913-14, December, 1914, p. 11; since November, 1914, usually in August and November (Truck Crop Division). STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 43 Onions — Continued. Production — Continued. Bermuda. Since June, 1917, usually in July and November (Truck Crop Division). Forecast from conditions. Since 1916, usually in September. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October. Quality for storage. October, 1915, p. 58. Special report, price and value. Jan. 6, 1920, Weekly Truck Crop News. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1911, usually in October. Bermuda, in Texas. March, 1917, p. 23. Oranges (Florida and California). Crop, boxes. 1889-90 to 1903-04, December, 1903, p. 64. (Florida Report) ; 1915, in December. Condition. 1906, July to November. Prices, first of month : California, per crate, since 1911 in September. Florida, per crate, since 1908 in March. Production : Since 1915, in December. Percentage of a full crop. Since 1906, in December. Price, value. July, 1916, p. 67. Value, 1915-1919. December, 1917, p. 127. Yield per acre. Since 1910, in December. Quality. 1910, in December. Oranges and grapefruit (Florida) : Crop, 1914-15-16. July, 1916, p. 67. Commercial crop, 1916. December, 1916, p. 122. Pastures. Condition : By States. Since 1882, in May to August, inclusive; since 1915 in September and October, and in other months in certain years. In Florida. Since 1907, in March and April. Peaches. Condition : By States. 1900, in June. Florida. 1912, in April, May, June, July, and August. California. 1912, in June, July, and August. Georgia crop. July, 1917, p. 57. Prices, 15th of month, per bushel (January to October). Since 1910, August. Production : By States. Since 1910, in September. Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1867, in September. Quality, by States. Since 1912, in September . Commercial crop. Centralized. July, 1918, p. 77. Condition, by States. Since 1918, April to September. Production, by States. Since 1918, in September. Special commercial reports. May, 1918 ; July, 1918 ; July, 1919. 44 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Peanuts. Acreage : Harvested, by States. Since 1916, usually in December. By types and States. May, 1918, pp. 49-50; January, 1920, pp. 4-5. In foreign countries, 1912—1918. Yearbook 1919, table 183. Office table 367 . Crop, in Oklahoma, 1907. March, 1909, p. 24. Condition, by States. Since 1906, monthly, July to October. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-1. Hay, in Georgia. June, 1918, p. 64. Price : To producers, by States. Monthly since January, 1910. Wholesale at Norfolk, by months. Since 1914. Office table 294r-37. Production : By States. Since 1916, usually in December. Compared with average in United States. 1906-1916, usually in November. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in November. In foreign countries. Usually once a year, or oftener since 1905 ; Year- books ; also office table 367. Production and uses, by types and States. May, 1918, pp. 49-50; January, 1920, pp. 4-5. Quality, by States. Since 1910, usually in November. Seed, used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Varieties, acreage, yield, etc. June, 1917, p. 54. Value on farms, by States. Since 1916, usually in December. • Yield per acre, by States. Since 1919, usually in November. Pears. Condition ; By States. 1908, June to October. In Florida. Since 1866, except 1875-1907, April, May, June, July to October. Per cent of United States trees in each State. June, 1908, p. 44 (based on 1900 census). Prices, 15th of month, per bushel (August to January). Since January, 1910. Production : By States. Since 1910, in November. Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1866, in November, except 1877-1881. Commercial crop. Condition, by States. Since 1919, July to November. Production, by States. Since 1917, in November. Special commercial report, 11 States, July, 1918 and 1919. July, 1919, p. 64. Peas (Field). Acreage : By States. 1919. Office table 215 (Thirteenth Census data). Edible peas, by States. May, 1918, p. 51. In foreign countries. Usually once a year or oftener since 1906; also Yearbooks ; office tables 315-16. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 45 Peas (Field) — Continued. Condition : By States. Since 1906, in June and October ; since 1907, in May. In Florida. Since 1907, in May. Consumption, for various purposes (Canadian field peas), by States. Febru- ary, 1916, p. 19. Dates of planting and harvesting (Canadian field peas), by States. Febru- ary, 1916, p. IQ. Production : By States, 1909. Office table 215 (Thirteenth Census data). Edible peas, by States. May, 1918, p. 51. * Per cent of full crop (grain and forage), by States. Since 1906, usually in November. United States and foreign countries, 1909-1918; Yearbook 1919, table 176 ; 1911-1917. Office table 325-17 ; 1907-1908. Office table 15. In foreign countries. Usually once a year or twice since 1906; also Yearbook. Seed used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Yield per acre: Edible peas, by States. May, 1918, p. 58. Normal, of Canadian field peas, by States. February, 1919, p. 19. Peas (Green). Acreage : Contracted for canning, 1913-1917. February, 1916, p. 17 ; December, 1916, p. 22 ; August, 1917, p. 76. For canning, usually by States. Since 1915, usually in September and October; by Truck Crop Division. For canning, 1917-18. Yearbook 1919, Table 184. Condition : Usually by States. Since April, 1915 ; twice a month during season ; by Truck Crop Division. Canning crop, usually by States. Since August, 1916 ; twice a month during season ; by Truck Crop Division. Harvesting, dates of and per cent harvested monthly, by States. Office table 273-2. Planting, dates of and per cent planted monthly, by States. Office table 273-2. Price, average, for canning peas. Special report by Truck Crop Division, March 19, 1920. Production : For canning, usually by States. Since 1918, usually in September and October; also Yearbooks. Pack, United States and Canada, 1905. November, 1906, p. 88. Peppers. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915 ; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Pineapples (Florida). Condition. Since 1907, March to July. Prices, 1st of month per crate. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1907, in August. 46 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Planting and Harvesting Periods. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States : Cereals. Bureau of Statistics Bui. 85. Office tables 244 and 256. Cereals, cotton, flax, tobacco. Office table 273. Hay and forage. Office tables 285 and 285a. Potatoes. Office table 273-4. Vegetables, per cent planted and harvested, by months. Office table 273-2. Harvesting periods : By States, percentage each month, 35 crops. September, 1920 p. 100. United States and foreign countries : Barley. Office table 297-2. Oats. Office table 297-3. Rice. Office table 273-3. Rye. Office table 297-1. Wheat. July, 1920, p. 71. Office tables 297 and 354. Plowing. Spring plowing done : In Florida. Since 1907, usually in March. In United States, by States. Since 1882, except 1883, usually in May. Average depth, by States. February, 1918, p. 17. Riding plows used by cotton growers, by States. August, 1919, p. 78. Potatoes (Irish). Acreage : By States. Since 1866, usually in July ; revised in December. Early crop, by States. Since 1914, usually in April and August; revised in October. (Truck Crop Division.) In Florida. Since 1907, usually in March. In foreign countries. Since 1900, usually at least once a year; also Yearbook. Condition : By States. Since 1866, in July, August, and, except 1877-1881, in October ; since 1867, in September. Early crop, by States. Since April, 1915, usually twice a month during season. (Truck Crop Division.) In Florida. Since 1907, monthly, March to May, inclusive. Damage to crop: Causes of, by States, 1909. June, 1912, p. 46. Causes and extent, 1909-1912. June, 1913, p. 45. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. Office table 273-4. Disposal of crop, per cent monthly, by States. May, 1918, p. 53. Harvested : Monthly, in United States, 1915-1917. November, 1917, p. 112. Per cent monthly, by States. November, 1916, p. 116. Per cent of early crop, monthly, January to July, by States. April, 1916, p. 36. Loss, after harvest, late commercial crop, by States, 1919. Price : To producers, by States, on December 1. Since 1866, monthly since January, 1908. Wholesale at seven United States markets. Monthly since 1891. Year- books ; also office table 294-5. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 47 Potatoes (Irish) — Continued. Production : By States. Since 1866, usually in November. By months when harvested. Since 1915, usually in November. Forecast from condition, by States. ' Since 3911, monthly, July to Octo- ber, inclusive. Early crop, by States. Since 1917, usually in May and August ; revised in October. (Truck Crop Division.) Late commercial crop, by States, 191S-19. In foreign countries. Since 1900, usually at least once a year; also Yearbooks. Quality, by States. Since 1866, except 1877-1881, 1883-84, 1890, and 1892, usually in November. Seed requirements in United States, 1916. Office table 313-7. Seed used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Shipped out of county where grown (per cent), by States. November, 1916, p. 115. Stocks, by States. Since 1908, usually in January. Of late commercial crop in growers’ hands. December 1, 1919. Supply : * In United States, 1910-1915. June, 1916, p. 54. Shortage in “ world crop,” by countries, 1916. March, 1917, p. 22. Value on farms : By States. Since 1866, usually in December. Per acre, by States, 1914-1919. Yearbook 1919, table 96. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1866, usually in November. 1910-1919, Yearbook 1919, table 96. In Florida. Since 1907, usually in June. Largest reported. January, 1918, p. 25 ; August, 1918, p. 87 ; October, 1918, p. 128. Late commercial crop, by States, 191S-1919. In foreign countries. Since 1899, usually at least once a year: also Yearbooks. Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) conditions. Once a year since 1911. Potatoes (Sweet). Acreage, by States. Since 1899, usually in July ; revised in December. Condition, by States. Since 1868»in September and, except 1877-1881, 1887, 1897, in October; since 1869, except 1898, in July; since 1869, except 1888, in August. Damage, annual losses from disease, 1884-1918. April, 1918, p. 41 (chart). Plants used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Price : To producers, by States, on December 1 since 1868, except 1876-1878 1881, 1892-1893 and 1878. To producers, by States. Monthly since June, 1914. To producers, in United States. Monthly since 1908, office table 293-6 ; also Yearbooks. Wholesale at four United States markets. Monthly since 1891. Production, by States. Since 1900, usually in November. Quality, by States. Since 1868, except 1877-1881, 1888, 1887, and 1890-1894, usually in November. 48 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Potatoes (Sweet) — Continued. Seed requirements, in United States, 1916. Office table 313-8. Value on farms : By States. Since 1868, except 1876-1878, 1881, 1892-1893, and 1898. usually in December. Per acre, by States, 1914-1919. Yearbook 1919, table 105. Per acre, in United States, 1899, 1909, 1913, and 1914. December, 1914, p. 23. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1868, except 1876-1877 and 1881, usually in November. By States, 1910-1919. Yearbook 1919, table 105. Largest reported, by States and counties, 1910. January, 1918, p. 2. Poultry- Receipts, monthly, at specified markets, 1909. May, 1910, and monthly. Prices : Chickens : Farm, United States by States, 1st of month. February, 1909; March, 1909, and monthly. Office table 293-13. Average monthly farm, 1908 and 1909. Yearbook 1909, p. 604. On the 15th of month since July, 1912. Office table 293-61 ; Farmers’ Bulletin 645, p. 43, continuing monthly. Turkeys, on the 15th of month since October, 1912. Office table 293-62 ; Farmers’ Bulletin 641, p. 38. Prices. Articles bought by farmers : About 88 articles. Yearly since 1913, usually in March or April. Alfalfa seed, clover seed, timothy seed, 15th each month. Since 1912. Cottonseed hulls, 15th of each month. Since 1915. Bran, cottonseed meal, 15th of each month. Since 1910. Average to producer for 10 crops, 1908-1917. December, 1917, p. 128. Compared with production, 1908-1917. November, 1917, p. 112. Compared with wages and land values. April, 1918, p. 37. Farm and retail compared, 1913-1918. September, 1918, pp. 112-113. Farm price and yield per acre combined, 1866-1915. February, 1917, p. • 16 (chart). Geographic phases, wheat, corn, and oats, 1910-1914. Tables and maps, Department Bulletins Nos. 594, 696, 755. Live stock on farms, January 1. Since 1867 each year. (See each class separately. ) Monthly variation. October, 1915, p. 60 (chart). Sources of wholesale prices, at United States markets. Office table 342-1. To producers : December 1 : Since 1866, barley, buckwheat, corn, hay, oats, potatoes, rye, tobacco, wheat. Since 1868, sweet potatoes. Since 1876, cotton. Since 1900, rice. Since 1910, apples. Since 1902, flaxseed, sorghum sirup. Since 1911, sugar beets. Since 1914, beans, cranberries. Since 1915, grain sorghums, hemp, hops. Since 1867, cattle, milk cows, horses, mules, sheep, swine. 49 STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. Prices — Continued. To producers — Continued. First of each month : Since 1908, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, flaxseed, grapefruit, hay, limes, oats, oranges, potatoes, rye, wheat. Since 1909, butter, chickens, eggs. Since 1911, lemons. Since 1914, sweet potatoes. Since 1916, apples, rice. Fifteenth of each month: Since 1910, apples, beans, broom corn, cabbage, clover seed, cotton seed, grapes, honey, hops, milk, onions, peaches, peanuts, pears, timothy seed. Since 1912, alfalfa seed, chickens, eggs, hickory nuts, maple sirup, maple sugar, popcorn, tomatoes, turnips, turkeys, walnuts (black). Since 1913, soy beans. Since 1914, alfalfa, chestnuts, clover hay, pecans, timothy hay, wild hay. Since 1915, cowpeas. Since 1916,, grain sorghums. Wholesale, of farm products, at United States markets, barley, beans, butter cattle, clover seed, coffee, corn, cotton, eggs, flaxseed, flour (wheat), hay' hogs (live), hops, horses, oats, potatoes, rice, rye, sheep, sugar, sweet potatoes, tea, timothy seed, tobacco, wheat, wool. Yearbooks, Office rQnlDcj OG/f 4-^ OG/i 7 Production. (For further details see each crop.) Animals and animal products (see each chart). Compared with railway tonnage. July, 1918 p 78 Crops, by States: S' nee 1866, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, hay, oats, potatoes, rye tobacco, wheat. ^ ’ Since 1890, spring and winter wheat separately; also apples. Since 1900, peaches, sweet potatoes. Since 1901, sugar beets, beet sugar. Since 1902, flaxseed. Since 1904, rice. Since 1910, pears, sorghum sirup. Since 1912, clover and wild hay, Louisiana cane sugar. Since 1914, beans (5 States), cranberries (3 States), truck crops Since 1915, broom corn (5 States), alfalfa, clover, millet, and timothy om^2%tate t sL eS) ’ ^ <4 ^ S ° rghumS (6 States) ’ Since 1916, peanuts, soybeans, apples (commercial). ^merdal)’ ^ SirUP ’ peaches (commercial), pears (com- Since 1918, cane sirup. Crops, machinery required for. July, 1918, p. 71. Crops, compared with poulation, 1881-1915. April, 1917 p. 34. Cost of production : Minnesota. Bureau Statistics bulletins 48, 73. 50 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Production — Continued. Cost of production — Continued. United States. Barley (October, 1911), corn (April, 1911), cotton (November, 1914, Div. Stat. Bui. No. 16), oats (June, 1911), potatoes (November, 1911), wheat (May, 1911). Cost of raising horses. April, 1913. Important crops in leading 5 States, 1913-1919. April, 1916, p. 34; April, 1919, pp. 40-41 ; April, 1920, p. 37. Increase in, compared with population, 1881-1915. April, 1917, p. 34. In foreign countries: Barley, beans, corn, cotton, flax fiber and seed, hops, oats, peas, potatoes, rice, rye, silk, sugar, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat. Yearbooks. All crops for all years reported. Files of Division of Crops Records. Current data, Foreign Crop and Live Stock Reports, semi-monthly since March, 1919. Leading crops, United States and world compared. February, 1917, p. 15. Per man per acre, United States and foreign countries. July, 1918, p. 78. Staple crops in leading States, 1916-1918. July, 1918, p. 81. Trend compared with population, 1866-1919. April, 1920, p. 35 (chart). Value of, 1879 to 1919. January, 1920, p. 1. Production, as a Percentage of a Full Crop. (For further details, see each crop.) Annually : Since 1886, apples, clover hay, grapes, pears, sugar cane. Since 1867, peaches. Since 1906, alfalfa hay, blackberries, broom corn, cabbage, cantaloupes, clover seed, field beans, field peas, hemp, grain sorghums, lemons, millet, onions, peanuts, raspberries, strawberries, sugar beets, tomatoes, watermelons. Since 1907, grapefruit, lima beans, limes, pineapples. Since 1911, almonds, apricots, olives, prunes, walnuts. Since 1912, alfalfa seed, cauliflower, celery. Since 1914, timothy hay. Production, Quality of. (For further details see each crop.) Annually : ^ Since 1866, barley, corn, hay, oats, potatoes, rye, tobacco, wheat. Since 1868, sweet potatoes. Since 1877, clover hay. Since 1882, buckwheat, hops. Since 1903, flaxseed. Since 1908, rice. Since 1909, apples. Since 1910, cranberries, grapes, oranges, peanuts, pears. Since 1911, lemons. Since 1912, grapefruit, peaches. Since 1914, wild hay. Since 1915, limes, maple sugar and sirup. Prunes (California). Condition. Since 1911, June to September. Production, percentage of a full crop. Since 1911, in October. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 51 Rice. Acreage : By States. Since 1904, usually in June; revised in December. By States, and varieties, 1916-1918. September, 1918, p. 109. In foreign countries. Since 1900 at least once a year; also in Year- books 1900-1918, Yearbook 1919, Table 81. Condition, by States. Since 1894, July, August, September, October; ex- cept 1898-1901. Consumption : In brewing, 1916 to 1918. November, 1918, p. 135. Per capita in United States and foreign countries, 1902-1911. October, 1918, p. 124 ; 1909-1913 and 1914-1918, Yearbook 1918, Table 88. Damage to crops, causes of, by States, since 1909. June, 1912, pp. 46 and 48. Dates of sowing and harvesting, United States and foreign countries. Office table 273-3. Harvesting, per cent monthly for United States. October, 1919, p. 104. Prices, to producers: By States, December 1, since 1900. January, June, July, November, since 1916. Wholesale, at five United States markets. January, June, July, Novem- ber, December, since 1901 ; office Table 294-13 ; also Yearbook. Production : By States. Since 1904, usually in December. Forecast from conditions, by States. Since 1911, July, August, Septem- ber, October. Foreign countries. Since 1900, usually once a year or oftener; also Yearbooks. United States, 1718-1911. Bureau Statistics circular 34. Quality, by States. Since 1908, usually in December. Value on farms, by States. Since 1904, usually in December. Varieties, per cent of crop, etc., by States. December, 1918, p. 147 ; Janu- ary, 1920, p. 4. Weight per bag, by States. December, 1918, p. 147; January, 1920, p. 4. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1895, usually in December, except 1897. Annual changes in United States since 1904. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Once a year since 1911. Rye. Acreage harvested : By States. Since 1866, usually in May, revised in December. Planted in fall, by States. Since 1899, usually in December; revised following spring. In foreign countries, Yearbooks since 1905. Condition, by States. Since 1866 in June, July, December; since 1879 in April ; since 1882 in May. Consumption : By classes of live stock. August, 1919, p. 77. Monthly on farms. June, 1919, p. 57. Per capita of population, United States and foreign countries. 1902- 1911, October, 1918, p. 124 ; 1909-1913 and 1914-1918, Yearbook 1919, Table 88. Dates of sowing and harvesting in foreign countries. Office table 297-1. 52 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Rye — Continued. Harvesting : Dates of, for United States. October, 1919, p. 104. Methods of. February, 1917, p. 14. Planting, dates of, for United States. Bureau Statistics Bulletin 85. Prices : To producers, by States. December 1, since 1866 ; monthly since Janu- ary, 1908. Wholesale, at five United States markets. Monthly since 1895; office table 294-4 ; also Yearbooks. Production : By States. Since 1866, usually in August ; revised in December. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1912, April to July, inclusive ; office table 350. In foreign countries. Since 1895, usually once a year or oftener; also Yearbooks. Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in October, except 1877-1881, 1885, 1890-1, 1893. Seed (used per acre) : In foreign countries. April, 1915, p. 11. In United States. June, 1913, p. 48 ; office table 313-5. Stocks on farms, relative stocks. January 1, 1917 and. 1918; May, 1918, p. 52. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1866, usually in August ; revised in December. Annual changes since 1866. January, 1919, p. 3. Equivalent to 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Since 1911, once a year. In foreign countries since 1894. Office table 312-2 ; also Yearbooks. Largest reported. August, 1916, p. 76 ; January, 1918, p. 2. Seed. Used per acre, principal crops. January, 1912, p. 6; June, 1913, p. 48. Office tables 313-1 to 313-10. Sheep. Breeds, by States, reported by live-stock reporters in each State, United States, 1918 compared with 5 and 10 years ago. April, 1918, p. 40. Losses, yearly, year ending March 31, since 1884 (1915 missing) ; condition, April 1, since 1889 (1898 and 1902 missing). Report 109, and yearly in April since 1903. Number : Average price and total value, United States, by States. January 1, since 1867 ; yearly in February since 1904 ; Yearbook. World, office table 262 ; Report 109 ; Yearbook. In six principal wool-producing countries of world. Office table 403-1. In countries from "which data are obtainable. Chart, February, 1910, p. 13. On farms, by geographic divisions in United States, from 1840. Office table 358 ; report 109. On farms, January 1, five-year averages, 1852-1856, 1912-1916, and each year 1911-1919. Office table 359. Of sheep and lambs slaughtered at principal places, 1884-1914. Report 109, p. 307. 53 STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. Sheep — Continued. Per cent of United States sheep in each State. July, 1908, p. 53. Prices : Per 100 pounds, United States, by States, 15th of month. December 15, 1909, to date, monthly, since January, 1910. Monthly trend, per 100 pounds to producers, average, 1910-1914. Chart July 15, 1915, p. 8. By ages or classes, 1911-1917. January, 1917, p. 11, and following in February, yearly. Wholesale, on prominent markets of specified countries in specified years. Report 109 ; Yearbook ; office table 294-23. Receipts : Yearly, on specified markets, 1900 to date. February, 1911, and yearly In February; Yearbook. Office table 249. On some markets since about 1869 : Report of statistician. Monthly, on specified markets, 1911-1913. June, 1913, p. 45, and follow- ing in J une ; office table 84. Value, 1 aggregate, United States, by States, comparisons, 1917, 1918, and average 1912-1916. February, 1918, p. 16, and following yearly in’ Feb- ruary. Shipments Out of County Where Grown. (For further details see each crop.) Apples, since 1914. Barley, since 1910. Corn, since 1883. Oats, since 1897. Wheat, since 1883. Silk. Production, world. 1900-1914. May, 1915, p. 6, and following in May for several years ; Yearbook for earlier years ; also 1918, p. 585. Silos. Corn for. ( See Com . ) Number and capacity, by States. August, 1917, p. 72. Number : In Kansas, 1914-1917. May, 1918, p. 53. In Wisconsin and Ohio, 1917-1918. March, 1919, p. 27. In Indiana, 1912, 1914, 1915. October, 1915, p. 59. Soy Beans. Acreage : By States. Since 1917, usually in December. For forage. By States, 1918-1919. February, 1920, p. 11. For grain. By States, 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 12. Harvested for hay, grain, hogged off, etc., 1917. May, 1918, p. 49. Planted with other crops, 1917. May, 1918, p. 49. Prices, to producers, by States. Monthly since October, 1913. Consumption, for various purposes, by States. February, 1916, pp. 18-19. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. February, 1916 pp 18-19 Production : By States. Since 1917, usually in December. Of grains, by States, 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 12. 1 Includes cattle and hogs. 54 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, Soy Beans — Continued. Seed used per acre, United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Value on farms, United States, 1917-1919. Usually in December. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1917, usually in December. For forage, by States, 1918-1919. February, 1920, p. 11. For grain ,*by States, 1917-1919. February, 192;0, p. 12. Spinach. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Stocks on Farms. Wheat. Since 1883 in March, since 1895 in July. Corn. Since 1883 in March, since 1896 in November. Oats. Since 1895 in August, since 1897 in March. Barley. Since 1910, in March and August. Potatoes. Since 1908, in January. Hay. Since 1909, in May. Straw. Production, uses, varieties. May, 1915, p. 5. Strawberries. Acreage : By States, 1915 and 1916. May, 1916, p. 42. 1916 and 1917, five States. April, 1917, p. 33. And production, commercial. May, 1917, p. 39; June, 1918, p. 64. Condition (Florida). Since 1907, in April and May. Florida crop. January, 1920, p. 4. Per cent harvested each month, December to July, by States. April, 1917, p. 33 ; by States with included counties, May, 1916, p. 42 ; also office table 273-2. Production : Compared with a full crop, by States. Since 1906, in July. Compared with average. Since 1910, usually in November. Commercial, by States. June, 1917, p. 49. Sugar and Sugar Crops. All sugar. Consumption : Per capita, in United States, since 1901. Yearbook 1919, Table 197. Per capita, on farms in Wisconsin, 1918. August, 1918, p. 89. In foreign countries, 1915-1919. Office table 378-3. Per capita, in foreign countries, 1909-1913. Office tables 324, 384. Price, wholesale: By months, at New York, since 1883 and at New Orleans since 1891. Office table 294-16 ; also Yearbooks. Supply, for United States, since 1901. Yearbook 1919, Table 197, also office table 319, 378-2. Beet sugar. Factories in operation: In United States. Since 1901, usually in December and April ; also Yearbooks. In foreign countries, since 1910. Length of campaign, by States. Since 1902, usually in April. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 55 Sugar and Sugar Crops — Continued. Beet sugar — Continued. Production : By States. Since 1901, usually in December ; revised in April. In foreign countries, since 1895. Usually once a year or oftener. In foreign countries, per ton of beets, since 1910. Yearbooks. Sucrose : In beets. Since 1901, usually in December ; revised in April. Loss in extraction. Since 1901, usually in December ; revised in April. Obtained in manufacturing. Since 1901, usually in December ; revised in April. Purity coefficient. Since 1902, usually in April. Cane sugar, sirup, and molasses . Mills : In Louisiana, those of 1845 and 1913 compared. May, 1916, p. 145. Operating in Louisiana, by parishes (counties). Since 1913, usually in April or May. Operating in foreign countries. Since 1910, Yearbooks. Operating in Hawaii, by islands. Since 1913. Length of campaign : In Louisiana. Since 1913, usually in April or May. In Hawaii. Since 1913. Production : Of sugar — In Louisiana, by parishes (counties). Since 1913, usually in April or May ; forecast in December. In Louisiana, per ton of cane. Since 1913, usually in April or May. In Texas. Since 1918, usually in December. In Hawaii. Since, 1913. In Hawaii, per ton of cane. Since 1913. In foreign countries. Since 1895, Yearbooks. In foreign countries, per ton of cane. Since 1910, Yearbooks. Of sirup, by States. Since 1918, usually in December. Of molasses (reported with sugar). Maple sugar and sirup. Number of trees tapped : By States. Since 1917, usually in May. In Vermont, 1909-1914. April, 1916, p. 29. Price, by States. Since March, 1912 ; monthly, February to June, inclusive. Producing regions of United States. June, 1918, p. 61. Production : By States. Since 1917, usually in May. Per tree, by States. Since 1917, usually in May. In Vermont, 1900-1914. April, 1916, p. 29. Quality, by States. Since 1914, usually in May. Sugar beets. Acreage : Abandoned, 1914-17. July, 1918, p. 76. Harvested, by States. Since 1901, usually in December; revised in April. Planted, by States. Since 1901, usually in July. In foreign countries. Since 1912, Yearbooks. Condition, by States. Since 1906, monthly, June to November, inclusive. Prices to producers, by States. Since 1911, usually in July, December, and April. 56 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Sugar and Sugar Crops — Continued. Sugar 'beets — Continued. Production-: By States. Since 1901, in December and April. Forecast from condition by States. Since 1906, monthly, June to November, inclusive. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in December. In foreign countries. Since 1912, Yearbooks. Seed produced in United States. Since 1016, usually in November. Seed used per acre, in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Sliced for sugar, by States. Since 1901; in December and April; also Yearbooks. acre, by States. Since 1901, usually in December; revised in Yield per April. Sugar cane . Acreage : Total, by States. Since 1918, usually in July ; revised in December. For sirup, by States. Since 1918, July and December. Of plant and stubble cane in Louisiana. May, 1918, p. 51. In Louisiana, for sugar. Since 1913, usually in April or May ; forecast in December. In Texas, for sugar. Since 1918, usually in December. In Hawaii, harvested and total, by islands. Since 1912. Per cent of preceding year. Since 1866, usually in June. In foreign countries. Since 1910 ; usually once a year or oftener. Condition: . , Since 1866, in August; since 1867 in September; since 1867, except 1877-1881. _ . r In October. Since 1867, except 1880-1901, in July ; since 1906 in June and November. Production : _ , . In Louisiana, for sugar. Since 1911, usually in April or May; also Yearbooks. In Texas, for sugar. Since 1918, usually in December. In Hawaii. Since 1913. Once a year. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1866, except 1877-1881, 1884-8o, and 1887-1&97, usually in December. In foreign countries. Since 1910, usually once a year or oftener. Yield per acre: In Louisiana, for sugar. Since 1911, usually in April or May. In foreign countries. Since 1910; also Yearbooks. Sorghum (for sirup) and sorghum sirup. Acreage, per cent of preceding year. Since 1866, except 1889, 1898-1901, and 1904—5, usually in July. . Condition. Since 1866, except 1898-1901 and 1894-95, in July ; since 186G-6- , except 1901 and 1904-5, in August and September; since 1866, except 1877-1881, 1901-2, and 1904-5, in October. Prices of sirup, to producers, by States, on December 1. Since 1902, except 1904-5, 1915, and 1916. Production of sirup, by States. Since 1902, except 1904-5 and 1915-16, usually in December. Value of sirup on farms, by States, on December 1. Since 1902, except Yilldtf s^rup^fa^re, by States. Since 1866, except 1876-77, 1881, 1897, 1899 1900-1902, and 1904-5, usually in November. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 57 Swine. Birth rate, monthly. February, 1913, p. 14. Industry, changes in, 1920 compared with 1919. July) 1920, p. 69; also September, 1919, p. 92. Losses, yearly: Year ending March 31. Since 1884 (1915 missing). Condition since 1889 (1898 and 1902 missing), United States, by States. Since April, 1903, and following, usually in April ; report 109. Per 1,000, 1884-1918. Chart, April, 1918, p. 41. Number : World : Yearbook ; Report 109. Office table 262. Average price and total value, January 1, each year, since 1867. An- nually in February since 1904. Yearbook. On farms, January 1, averages 1852-1856 to 1912-1916 and each year 1911-1919. Office table 359. On farms, by geographic divisions since 1840. Report 109 and office table 358. In foreign countries, recent years, by countries. Office table 403-2. Average annual, in United States, 1899-1908. February, 1910, pp. 12-13. Born in month, slaughtered in month, and total on hand, average, 1910-1915. January, 1916, p. 11; chart. Slaughtered at principal places, 1872-1914. Report 109, p. 307. Of stock hogs and condition, since 1867. Yearly since September, 1900. Breeding sows, since 1894. Yearly in April since 1903. Percentage slaughtered on farms, each month, in a normal year. June 1916, p. 59. Proportion of total belonging to different breeds in the United States, by , States. June, 1920, p. 53. Prices : Farm, per 100 pounds, on 15th of month, United States, by States. Since December 15, 1909 ; monthly since January, 1910. Wholesale, range of, on specified markets, monthly since 1895. Since June, 1899 (United States, mostly Chicago). Wholesale, on specified markets in certain countries in specified years. Report 109 ; Yearbook ; office table 294-25. Monthly trend to producers per 100 pounds, average, 1910-1914. Chart, July 15, 1915, p. 8. Receipts : Yearly, on specified markets. Since 1900, February, 1911, p. 12, and yearly in February. On some markets, since about 1869. Report of Statistician. Monthly, on specified markets. June, 1913, p. 45, and following in June. Value, 1 aggregate, United States, by States, comparisons, 1917, 1918, and average, 1912-1916. February, 1918, p. 16, and following yearly in Feb- ruary. othy (Hay). Acreage, per cent of United States total grown in each State. July, 1908 p. 52. 1 Includes cattle and sheep. 58 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Timothy (Hay) — Continued. Condition, by States. Since 1866 in August ; since 1867 in July ; September, 1914, p. 27 (farmers’ Bulletin 620). Prices to producers, by States. Monthly since May, 1914; also office table 293-49. Production : By States. Since 1915, usually in December. Per cent of full crop, by States. Since 1914, usually in September. Of timothy and clover. Since 1915, usually in December. Seed used per acre, in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Yield per acre, by States, 1918. January, 1919, p. 2. Timothy (Seed). Acreage harvested, by States, 1909. Office table 180 (Thirteenth Census data). Prices : To producers, by States. Monthly since September, 1910; also office table 293-54. Paid to farmers, by States. Monthly since June, 1912 ; also office table 293- 65. Wholesale, at United States markets. Monthly since 1896. Office table 294- 9. Production, by States, 1909. Office tables 208 and 180 (Thirteenth Census data). Tobacco. Acreage : By States. Since 1866, except 1877, 1897-98, usually in July; revised in December. By certain States and counties, 1879, 1889, 1899, 1909, 1919. Office table 375. By types and districts. Since 1910, usually in July; revised in De- cember. In United States. Since 1863, except 1897-98; also certain earlier years (Bureau Statistics Circular 33). In foreign countries. Yearbooks, since 1905. Condition : By States. Since 1867 in July and September ; since 1866 in August ; since 1866, except in 1877-1881, in October. By types and districts. Since 1908 in July. Damage to crop : By States, 1909. June, 1912, p. 46. Causes and extent, 1909-1912. June, 1913, p. 45. Exports from the Thirteen Colonies to England, 1698-1699. March, 1909 p. 24. Planting dates, by States. May, 1912, p. 35. Plants used per acre. June, 1913, p. 48. Prices : To producers — By States, on December 1. Since 1866, except 1877 and 1897-98. By States, 15th of each month since 1910. Office table 293-63. By types and districts, on December 1. Since 1909. By States, 1st of each month since June, 1916. Office table 293- Whplesale, at six United States markets, monthly since 1907. Of table 294-11. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 59 Tobacco — Continued. Prices — Continued. In United States. Since 1863, except 1877, 1897-98 ; also certain earlier years (Bureau Statistics Circular 33). Production : By States. Since 1866, except 1877 and 1897-98, usually in November. By types and districts. Since 1909, usually in July ; revised in De- cember. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, monthly July to October. In United States, since 1863, with certain years since 1618 (Bureau Statistics Circular 33). In foreign countries. Yearbooks. Quality, by States. Since 1866, except 1877-1881, 1883, 1890, and 1892, usually in November. Sales by farmers, by States, districts, and counties, since 1908-09. Office table 123, a, b, c, etc. Seed requirements (plants) in United States, 1916. Office table 313-10. Value on farms : By States. Since 1866, except 1877 and 1897-98, usually in December. By types and districts. Since 1909, usually in December. Per acre, by States. Since 1866, except 1877 and 1897-98, usually in December. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1866, except 1877, usually in November. By types and districts. Since 1909, usually in December. Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) conditions. Since 1911, once a year. Largest reported, by States and counties, 1916. January, 1918, p. 2. Tomatoes. Acreage : By States. Since January, 1918, usually in May and August (Truck Crop Division). Canning crop, by States. Since June, 1915, usually in September and October (Truck Crop Division). Commercial, by States, 1915-16. December, 1916, p. 136. Canning crop, by States, 1913-1918. February, 1916, p. 17 ; December, 1916, p. 122 ; August, 1917, p. 76 ; September, 1918, p. 109 ; February, 1919, p. 2. Per cent grown in each State. October, 1908, p. 76. Condition : By States. Since 1906. July, August, September. In Florida. Since 1912, March, April, May. By States. Since April, 1915, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Canning crop, by States. Since August, 1916, twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Dates of planting and harvest, by States. Office table 273-2. Pack : By States, 1917 and 1918. November, 1918, p. 138. United States and Canada. January, 1906, p. 84 ; December, 1904, p. 65 ; December, 1902, p. 3 ; January, 1901, p. 7. . Prices, to producers. Since 1912, monthly, July to October, inclusive. 60 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Tomatoes — Continued. Production : By States. Since January, 1918, usually in August (Truck Crop Division). By States, 1914. October, 1914, p. 26. Canning crop, by States. Since January, 1918, usually in September and October (Truck Crop Division). Commercial, by States, 1915-16. December, 1916, p. 136. Percentage of full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October. Special report, price and value of canning crop, March 20, 1920. On file (Truck Crop Division). Yield per acre, by States. 1914. October, 1914, p. 26. Tractors (on Farms). In commission, by States. April, 1917, p. 33. Number : In Ohio. March, 1919, p. 25. In Kansas. May, 1918, p. 53. On hand in United States, December 31, 1917, by power classes, sold, manufactured, exported, etc., in 1918. Office table 366. Truck Crops. Acreage and production (Truck Crop Division) : Since 1914, cabbage, onions. Since 1915, cantaloupes, sweet corn, tomatoes, watermelons. Since 1916, Bermuda onions, early potatoes, strawberries. Since 1917, cabbage for kraut. Since 1918, celery, cucumbers for pickles. Since 1919, lettuce. Frosted in Florida in February, 1917. March, 1917, p. 24. Garden movement. May, 1900, p. 5. Prices, since 1920. Snap beans, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, onions, peas, strawberries, tomatoes. Truck farming in North Carolina. May, 1908, p. 40. Turnips. Condition, by States. Since April, 1915; twice a month during season (Truck Crop Division). Prices to producers. Since 1912; monthly, November to February, in- clusive. Values. Farm products, 1879 to 1919. January, 1920, p. 1 ; since 1913, office table 296. Farm animals (and products), 1897 to 1919. January, 1920, p. 1. Farm crops : 1897 to 1919. January, 1920, p. 1. Aggregate, by States. Since 1909, usually in December. In international trade. Relative rank, by States and crops, 1910-1914, and 1918. February, 1919, p. 17. Velvet Beans. Acreage : By States. Since 1917, usually in December. For grain, forage, etc., by States, 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 10. Harvested for grain, hay, hogged off, etc., 1917. May, 1918, p. 49. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 61 Velvet Beans — Continued. Comments, general discussion, etc. October, 1917, p. 100. Consumption for various purpose^, by States. February, 1916, p. 19. Dates of planting and harvesting, by States. February, 1916, p. 19. Prices to producers, by States. Since 1913, usually in February and October. Production by States. Since 1917, usually in December; 1917-1919, Feb- ruary, 1920, p. 10. Yield per acre, by States. Since 1917, usually in December; 1917-1919. February, 1920, p. 10. Wages. See labor on farms, wages of. Watermelons. Acreage : Commercial preliminary estimate, by States. June, 1917, p. 51. Commercial, by States, 1917 and 1918. July, 1918, p. 79. 1915 and 1916, by States, with included counties. August, 1916, p. 80 ; June, 1916, p. 53. Condition : By States. Since 1906, in June, July, August, and September. In Florida. Since 1906, May to August. In California. Since 1906, June, July, and August. Harvested (April to October), by States. June, 1916, p. 53; June, 1917, p. 51. Production : Percentage of a full crop, by States. Since 1906, usually in October. Compared with average, United States. 1910, in November. Weight Per Measured Bushel. For further details, see each crop. Barley, since 1910. Oats, since 1897. Wheat (all), since 1884. Spring and winter wheat separately, since 1899. Wheat (All), Acreage : Harvested by States. Since 1866. In foreign countries. Since 1891, Yearbooks 1917-1919 ; January, 1920, p. 3. Condition, by States. Since 1867, in September. (See Wheat, spring and winter. ) Consumption : By classes of live stock, for certain States, 1915 crop. April, 1916, p. 32; 1917 crop, March, 1918, p. 28. By classes of* live stock, for United States, 1918. August, 1919, p. 77. Monthly, on farms. June, 1919, p. 57. Per capita of population, by States. October, 1913, p. 123. Per capita of population, United States and foreign countries. 1902- 1911, October, 1918, p. 124 ; 190&-1913 and 1914-1918, Yearbook 1919, Table 88. Damage to crop : Causes of, by States, 1909. June, 1912, p. 46. Causes and extent of, 1911. July, 1912, p. 48. 62 DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 150, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Wheat (All) — Continued. Dates : 0f and 354 S aDd harvestlng in ^rent countries. Office Tables 297 Of harvesting in different countries. July, 1920 p 71 Harvesting : * H le r t V in S 85 Peri ° d ’ ^ StateS ' JUne ’ 1915 ’ P ’ 5: Bureau ****** Bui-, Per cent monthly, for United States. October, 1919, p. 104. Methods of, by States. February, 1917 p 14 for unitea states: since i9 ° 7 ‘ March > ^ Planting, dates of, by States. ( See Wheat, spring and winter ) Prices : . Geographic phases, 1911-1914; Department Bulletin 594 To producers, by States, on December 1. Since 1866; monthly since January, 1908. * To producers, average for each crop, 1913-1916. August, 1917, p 75 191^ ™ C tw Par !, d iTu^ n etaU PrtCe ° f fl ° Ur ’ 1913 - 1918 - September, 1918, pp. 112 and 113 (chart). ° f ,f° ur ' wholesale, at four United States markets. Monthly since 1907; Office table 294-26; Yearbooks. Foreign countries (Government price), 1919. Office table 381 and d 81 tateS G ° Vernment Se P tem ber, 1917, p. 82 ; July, 1918, pp. 78 War ‘*™ e pnces ’ Un ited States and foreign, 1913-1918. August, 1919, W ffiWe094 f v™;* 1 , Stat6S markets - Monthly since 1858; office table 294-1 ; Yearbooks. In United States, 1790-1840. Office table 344. Production : ’ ' By States. Since 1868, usually in October; revised in December Cost of, by States, 1909. May, 1911, p. 36 Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, monthly, July to Sep- tember, inclusive. * p In i917 r lQ?Q C T UntrieS - ,r j ° nce a year ' or oftener ' 1891; 191, 1-1919, January, 1920, p. 3; 1909-1919; Office table 325-1 Quality, by States. Since 1866, usually in October. Seed: Quantity normally required by States ; October, 1918, p 123 Used per acre in United States. June, 1913, p. 48. Used per acre in foreign countries. April, 1915. p. n. Sh M^ch tS ° Ut ° f C ° Unty WhQVe gr ° Wn ’ by States * Since 1883 ’ usually in Stocks : In country mills and elevators. Since 1916, in March. On farms, by States. Since 1883, in March, and since 1895, in July. On farms, relative stocks, January 1, 1917 and 1918. May 1918 n 52 Supply and distribution : ’ Since 1902. March, 1920, p. 26. Per capita of population, 1900-1916. November, 1916, p. 112 Surplus and deficiency, by States, 1909-1913 average, 1917, and 1918 Octo- ber, 1918, p. 123; 1910-1914 average, 1915, and 1916, November, 1916, p. 115. STATISTICAL DATA OF BUREAU OF CROP ESTIMATES. 63 Wheat (All) — Continued. Transportation : Freight rates over various routes, 1881-1915. Office table 259 A. Hauling by wagon and motor truck, 1906 and 1918. October, 1918, p. 125. Ocean freight rates 1913-1916. March, 1916, p. 26. Value on farms, by States. Since 1866, usually in December. Weight per measured bushel, by States. Since 1884, usually in November. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1885, usually in December. . Equivalent of 100 per cent (or normal) condition. Once a year since 1911. In foreign countries. Since 1890. Office table 312-1 ; also Yearbooks ; 1890-1915, October, 1918, p. 127. Largest reported in United States. July, 1918, p. 70. Wheat (Spring). (Excluding items included under “Wheat (all)”.) Acreage, by States. Since 1890, usually in June ; revised in December. Condition, by States. Since 1866, in June and July ; since 1869, in August ; since 1890, in September. Damage to crop by black rust in Minnesota and the Dakotas. November, 1916, p. 114. Harvest, dates of, by States. June, 1915, p. 5. Planting, dates of, by States. May, 1912, p. 35. Prices, by varieties in Minnesota and the Dakotas, 1916. June, 1917, p. 48. (For other prices, see Wheat (all).) Production : By States. Since 1890, usually in October ; revised in December. Of durum, 1913-1914-1915. April, 1916, p. 39. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, monthly, June to Sep- tember, inclusive. Quality, by States. Since 1899, usually in October. Value per acre, by States. June, 1917, p. 48. Varieties, per cent of total, by States, 1914-1919. June, 1920, p. 56. Weight per measured bushel, by States. Since 1899, usually in November. Yield per acre : By States. Since 1890, usually in October ; revised in December. Annual changes in United States. Since 1890. January, 1919, p. 3. By varieties, 1914-1919. June, 1920, p. 56. Wheat (Winter). (Excluding items included under “Wheat (all).”) Acreage : Abandoned, by States. Since 1897, usually in May. Harvested, by States. Since 1866, usually final estimate in December; since 1897, preliminary estimate in May. Planted in fall, by States. 1886, 1890, and since 1894, usually in De- cember and revised in spring since 1897. Planted compared with harvested, for United States, 1886 to 1918. July, 1918, p. 76. Sown with clover. January, 1919, p. 2. Condition, by States. Since 1866, in December, June, July ; smce 1879 in April, and since 1882 in May ; excepting 1876-1878, 1881, 1885, and 1897. 64 DEPARTMENT CIRCULA^ 150, TJ. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. Wheat (Winter) — Continued. Harvesting, dates of, by States. June 1915, p. 5 ; Bureau of Statistics Bul- letin 85. Planting, dates of, by States. January, 1912, pp. 4-5; Bureau of Statistics Bulletin 85. Production : By States. Since 1890, usually in August, revised in December. Forecast from condition, by States. Since 1911, monthly, May to Sep- tember, inclusive. Quality, by States. Since 1907, usually in August. Threshed, to August and September 1, 1915. August, 1915, p. 36 • Septem- ber, 1915, p. 47. Weight per measured bushel, by States. Since 1899, usually in November. Yield per acre: By States. Since 1890, usually in August ; revised in December. Annual changes in United States. Since 1895, January, 1919, p. 3. Largest reported in United States. January, 1918, p. 2. Wool. Prices : Farm, 15th of month, by States, since December, 1909. Also office tables 293-26 and 293-27. Wholesale, range of, on specified markets, since 1895. Yearbook ; office table 294-24. Production : Number of fleeces, weight per fleece, 1914 and 1915. January, 1916, p. 8; 1894-1914 (total) and 1915-1916 by States, February, 1917, p. 15, and following in February, 1918. Pulled wool, 1918 and 1919. February, 1920, p. 17. Weight per fleece, by States, United States, since 1900. July. Yield per Acre. By counties : In four central States and United States (cereals, potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed), 1916. Office table 314. All States, principal crops, 1911-1919. Files of Division of Crop Records. Changes, principal crops, 1866-1917. January, 1919, p. 3. Compared with farm prices, 1866-1915. February, 1917, p. 16. Increasing, all crops. December, 1915, p. 78. Index numbers, by States. November, 1916, p. 115. Individual crops. ( See “ Production ”. ) In foreign countries : Barley, oats, potatoes, rye, wheat. Yearbooks. All countries for all years reported. Files of Division of Crop Records. Normal, for principal crops. Once a year since 1911. o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE, Department Circular 151 . Bureau of Plant Industry (New and Rare Seed Distribution), WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief. DISTRIBUTION OF COTTON SEED IN 1921. This is the nineteenth distribution of cotton seed conducted by the Office of Seed Distribution in cooperation with the cotton- breeding investigators of the Bureau of Plant Industry. During the past 17 years, approximately 50 varieties of cotton have been distributed. These have been developed by the experts of the ureau of Plant Industry or selected by them because of special local value. The method of distribution followed in the past few years has proved so generally satisfactory that it is proposed to continue it this season. The general distribution of a small quantity of seed (1 quart), to enable the farmer to become acquainted with'the char- acteristics of the, variety, will be followed in the most promising sec- tions by a special distribution the following year, which is fully explained under the heading “ Report of results of planting.” This special distribution furnishes to those who submit favorable reports and sample bolls of the crop grown from the quart package of seed sufficient seed to produce at least one full bale of the new variety of cotton and also to produce a stock of seed for planting a considerable acreage the following season. An introductory statement on “ Improvement of the Cotton Crop by Selection,” by O. F. Cook, who is in charge of the cotton-breeding work of this bureau, explains how the seed may be utilized to the best advantage by the farmer. September 24, 1920. 13276° — 20 R. A, Oakley, Agronomist in Charge. IMPROVEMENT OF THE COTTON CROP BY SELECTION. How can the farmer make the best use of a small stock of seed of a superior selected variety? By understanding and applying the methods by which select seed is produced, so as to keep the selected variety from deterioration. The usual way of treating a small quan- tity of select seed is not at all calculated to enable the farmer to learn the true value of a new variety or to preserve the purity of an improved stock. TESTING NOT TO BE COMBINED WITH SELECTION. A mistake made frequently by farmers, and sometimes by profes- sional breeders, is to attempt to combine testing with breeding. The new variety of cotton is planted by the side of the local variety or a mixed stock in order to test its behavior, and seed is saved from the same planting to increase the stock of the new variety. This plan is open to the serious danger that the seed of the new variety when gathered in the fall will not be pure, on account of being con- taminated by crossing with the local variety, so that its special value will be lost. The amount of crossing differs with the locality and the season, depending on the abundance of bees or other insects that carry the pollen from one flower to another, but there is usually too much crossing to make it safe to rely on the purity of any stock of seed that has been grown close to another variety of cotton. ISOLATION OF SEED PLANTS. A farmer who wishes to make a really adequate test of the value or a new variety should plant the seed in a separate plat, removed at least 300 yards from other fields of cotton or separated therefrom by 25 or 30 rows of corn. An isolated planting does not provide, of course, for a close comparison with the local variety, but this can be made m the following year to much Setter advantage. With the larger stock of seed then available a field planting can be made, as well as test plantings. In the third year there will be enough seed to stock even a large farm with the new variety, if it has shown itself superior under the local conditions. Many farmers are unwilling to give the proper care to a new variety until they have made a preliminary test and convinced them- selves that it is really superior. It is for this reason that the plan 3 4 Department Circular 151, U. S. Dept . of Agriculture. of sending out a smaller quantity of seed in the general distribution has been adopted. Those who use this small sample of seed for test- ing purposes and plant it in the same field with another variety or a mixed stock of cotton are advised not to save seed in the fall with any idea that they are keeping a pure stock of the new variety m this way. If the farmer is convinced that the new variety is supe- rior, he should get a fresh stock of the seed and plant it in a separate breeding plat, as far away as possible from any other field of cotton. The distribution of seed of superior varieties of cotton is no longer limited to a single season, as the custom formerly was. I inless improved varieties become established in cultivation in some part of the United States the work of breeding and distribution serves no useful purpose. To increase the number of varieties in a community is not desirable. On the contrary, there would be a distinct ad- vantage if the whole community would grow one variety, if the best variety could be determined. The danger of mixture of varieties by crossing and the mixture of seed at the gin would both be reduced, and the uniformity of the product would enable the community to secure a higher price for its cotton. 1 WHY SELECTION MUST BE CONTINUED. Unless selection is continued, the value of a variety is sure to decline. A well-bred variety is superior to ordinary unselected cot- ton not only in having better plants but in having the plants more nearly alike. Whether selection has any power to make better plants is a question, but there can be no doubt of the power of selection to keep the plants alike. Even in the best and most carefully selected stocks inferior plants will appear, and if these are allowed to multi- ply and cross with the others the stock is sure to deteriorate. The pollen from the flowers of inferior plants is carried about by bees and other insects, and the seed developed from such pollen transmit the character of the inferior parent. Even if they do not come into expression in the first generation they are likely to reappear in the second generation. To grow cotton from unselected seed involves the same kind ot losses as in an orchard planted with unselected seedling apple trees. Less cotton is produced and the quality is also inferior. The higher the quality of the cotton the more stringent is the requirement of a uniform staple. Unless the fibers have the same length and strength they can not be spun into fine threads or woven into strong fabrics. 1 Some of the numerous advantages to be gained by a better organ, sat ion ot cotton- growing^ communities have been described in an article published in the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1911 under the title “ Cotton Improvement on a Com- munity Basis/’ 5 Distribution of Cotton Seed in 1921. PRESERVATION OF VARIETIES BY SELECTION. The method of selection to be followed in preserving a variety rom deterioration is entirely different from that employed in the development of new varieties. The breeder of new varieties seeks tor exceptional individuals and prefers those that are unlike any variety previously known. If the selection is being carried on to preserve a variety, the object is not to secure seed from the peculiar plants, but to reject all that deviate from the characters of the vari- ety. The first qualification for such selection is a familiarity with the habits of growth and other characters of the variety, to 'enable the farmer or breeder to confine his selection to the plants that adhere to the form ' or “ type ” of the variety and to reject all that vary from the type. Most of the latter would prove to be very inferior and at the same time would increase the diversity of the variety and hasten its degeneration. IMPROVED METHODS OF FIELD SELECTION. Xo matter how good a new variety may be or how carefully it may have been bred and selected, inferior plants are likely to appear especially when it is grown under new and unaccustomed conditions’ A special effort is being made to limit the distribution to seed from uniform fields of cotton, but selection is necessary to keep any variety rom deterioration, and it is inadvisable to wait until the deteriora- tion becomes serious before beginning the selection. If proper atten- tion be paid to the roguing out of inferior plants in the first season there may be much less variation in the second, the variety becoming better adjusted to the new conditions. ‘ V ; S ™ iformi jy is one of the first essentials of value in a variety, the behavior of a new variety in this respect is one of the first thino-s - to be noted. Do not wait till the crop matures, but watch the plants m the early part of the season. Even before the time of flowering it is possible to distinguish “freak” plants by differences in their habits of growth or the characters of their stems and leaves When- ever such variations can be detected they should be pulled out at once m order to prevent the crossing of the good plants with inferior po len. After the bolls begin to reach mature size it is well to go through the plat again and pull out all plants that show by the small size or other peculiarities of the bolls that there had been a variation fiom the standards of the variety. These preliminary selections greatly simplify the final selection in the fall, when attention can be amited to the yield and to the characters of the lint and seeds . 1 1 Methods of selection are treated in greater detail in Circular Nr> » Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture entitled “ Cntt™ « , « Bureau of by the Characters of the Stalks Leaves and Rnii* - C ? tto ° Selection on the Farm Bureau of Plant Industry U S Department nf \ \ if * &IS ° Bulletln No - 159 of the of Cotton Varieties.” * * ' partment of Agriculture, entitled “ Local Adjustment 6 Department Circular 151, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. USE OF PROGENY ROWS IN SELECTION. Selection can be made still more efficient by the use of progeny rows. The seed of select individual plants is picked separately into paper bags and planted the next season in adjacent rows, in order to test the behavior of the progenies of the different individuals. An inferior progeny can be rejected as a whole and selection limited to the best rows. It often happens that a very good plant produces a comparatively inferior progeny, which would not be excluded from the stock unless the progeny-row test were made. Nevertheless the use of progeny rows is no substitute for skill and care in making the selection, for if the selected plants are not all of the true type of the variety 'admixture by cross-pollination will occur in the progeny rows the same as in a mixed planting. Pro- tection against the danger of crossing between different progenies can be secured by holding over a part of the seed of the select indi- viduals used to plant the progeny rows. The remainder of the seed that produced the best progeny row can be planted in an isolated breeding plat in the year following the progeny test. In this way a special strain is developed from a single superior plant. METHODS OF TESTING COTTON VARIETIES. The best way to test the behavior of two varieties of cotton is to plant them in alternate rows, so that they can be compared carefully during the growing season and the yield of each row weighed sepa- rately at the end of the season. Of course it is often possible to judge that one variety is superior to another without weighing, but if the results are nearly equal weighing is necessary. Even experi- enced cotton men are likely to make errors in guessing at the yields of different rows of the field. A variety that “ scatters ” its lint may appear to be yielding much more than a stormproof variety with dense, compact lint that can be shown to be much more productive by comparison of actual weights of seed cotton and percentages of lint. 1 The lint values are also to be compared, especially in long- staple varieties. ADMIXTURE OF SEED IN GINS. 2 One of the most serious difficulties in maintaining the uniformity of a superior variety of cotton is the mixture of seed in gins. A fev 1 See Circular No."Tl of the Bureau of Plant Industry, entitled “ Danger in Judging Cotton Varieties by Lint Percentages,” which may be had from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at 5 cents a copy. See also Bulletin No. 644, U. S. Department of Agriculture, entitled “ Dint Percentage and Lint Index of Cotton and Methods of Determination.” . 2 por a complete, discussion of the admixture of seed in gins, see Bulletin 288 of the IT S Department of Agriculture, entitled “ Custom Ginning as a Factor in Cotton-Seed Deterioration.” which may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at 5 cents a copy. 7 Distribution of Cotton Seed in i921. farmers have their own gins or small hand gins for their seed cotton, and in some localities ginning establishments are beginning to pro- vide small gins that are kept clean for ginning seed cotton. Some farmers take care to avoid the mixture of seed by holding their seed cotton until the end of the season, when the time can be taken to clean out the gin. It is also possible to plant progeny rows or seed plats with unginned seed by wetting the lint before planting or by pressing the seed into moist ground. O. F. Cook, Bionomist m Charge, VARIETIES DISTRIBUTED. LONE STAR. The Lone Star variety belongs to the Texas big-boll type and was bred in Texas by Dr. D. A. Saunders, of the Bureau of Plant Indus- try. It was developed from a single superior plant found in a field of Jackson cotton in the Colorado River bottom near Smithville, Tex., in August, 1905. In 1908 plats of this selection large enough to give a fair test of yield and lint qualities under field conditions were planted at Waco, Denison, and Cuero, Tex. The yield, percentage, and quality of lint were better than in any other variety with which it was compared, and this superiority has been retained in subsequent seasons. The following is a technical description of this variety : Plant *of medium height with one to four limbs and many long fruiting branches; main stem very short jointed and less hairy than most of the big- bolled varieties; the limbs ascending, generally producing fruiting branches at their base ; fruiting branches numerous, horizontal or ascending, long, medium- short jointed; leaves medium to large, very dark green; petioles very long, somewhat drooping or recurved ; bolls very large, round or broadly ovate, to If inches in diameter, If to 2 inches in length, with very short, blunt points, 35 to 45 to the pound; involucral bracts very large, closely appressed, coarse veined, deeply cut into long teeth, the longest teeth often meeting over the end of fully developed green bolls; pedicels of medium length, 1| inches in length below to three-fourths of an inch at the top of the main stem and the extreme ends of the primary and fruiting branches ; the bur thick and heavy, with very blunt points; lint 1 inch to 1$ inches in length, very strong, and of uniform length of fiber, 38 to 40 per cent. In this variety the limbs begin to develop fruiting branches 4 to T inches from their bases instead of near their extremities. 1 his ap- pears to be an advantage under weevil conditions, as in years of heavy infestation the bulk of the crop must be obtained from the lower third of the plant. In selection, considerable stress has been laid upon the short-jointed character of the main stem as essential in deA^eloping an early-fruiting tendency. The habits of growth are similar to those of the well-known Triumph cotton, and under some conditions the two varieties appear almost indistinguishable ; but in other places obvious differences appear, and these are in favor of the Lone Star. The plants are less inclined to become prostrate, the bolls are larger, and the lint longer and more abundant. Very large yields have been reported — more than two bales per acre on measured areas. Under favorable conditions the fiber attains lg inches in length. 8 Distribution of Cotton Seed in 1921. 9 Man}' bales of this cotton have been sold at a premium. The Lone Star is undoubtedly the best variety now available for general plant- ing in the Texas black-land belt and adjacent regions. The variety is being grown extensively in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. The seed for this distribution was grown for the Department of Agriculture by Mr. E. W. Christian, Manchester, N. C., and Dr. D. A. Saunders, Greenville, Tex. TRICE. The Trice cotton is an early-maturing short-staple variety de- veloped by the late Prof. S. M. Bain, of this Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, a collaborator of the Bureau of Plant Industry. It is the result of four years’ selection from an early variety found on the farm of Mr. Luke Trice, near Henderson, Chester County, Tenn. The original variety is said to have come from southern Missouri and is known locally in Chester County as Big-Boll Cluster. In the work of selection particular attention was given to earliness, produc- tiveness, form of stalk, and large bolls, the crops being produced on the farm of Mr. W. N. McFadden, in Fayette County, Tenn. A trial made alongside the original variety in 1908 showed a distinct improvement in all the qualities sought in the selection, as well as greater uniformity. Though developed with special reference to the light, sandy soils of western Tennessee, the variety has given excellent returns in other districts. The most active demand for the seed has come from northern Mississippi, where the invasion of the boll weevil has led to the planting of earlier varieties; but the variety has also proved valuable in other districts not yet invaded by weevils, for it is dis- tinctly superior to King and other varieties prized for extreme earliness. The Trice cotton is thus described: Plant rather small, 2 to 5 feet high, of Peterkin type, rarely with distinct basal branches, very prolific ; fruiting branches numerous, short jointed ; leaves light green, of medium size, hirsute ; bolls medium to large, ovate, often angular, 4 to 5 locked; seed large, with dense whitish or brownish fuzz; lint fine, seven- eighths to 1 inch long ; percentage of lint, 28 to 38 ; season early. This variety having been developed from a cluster type, this char- acter is liable to reappear. The percentage of reversion apparently is greater under more adverse soil conditions. In maintaining the variety, cluster plants should be removed from the field as early as possible. The seed now distributed was grown by Mr. A. E. Bridger, Bells, Tenn. 10 Department Circular 151, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture . COLUMBIA. The Columbia cotton is an early long-staple variety, well adapted to South Carolina and adjacent States. It was derived from a short- staple variety, the Russell Big Boll. The first selection was made in 1902 at Columbia, S. C., by Br. H. J. Webber, formerly in charge of the cotton-breeding work of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and re- sulted in the finding of a single long-linted plant that gave a superior progeny in 1903. Throughout the process of selection the aim was to select plants having the Russell type of branching and boll, so that the plant of the Columbia is scarcely recognizable as distinct from the Russell variety. The very large boll has also been retained, and the variety is in every respect of true Upland type aside from the length of lint and the color of the fuzz. The Russell variety produces a large seed covered with dark-green fuzz. This character is very undesirable, owing to the discoloration of the lint if ginned while somewhat wet by the pulling off of the green fuzz and also owing to the green color giving undesirable linters. In breeding this variety by selection, therefore, special at- tention has been given to selecting a white seed. The great majority of the plants of the Columbia variety now produce white seed, but this character has not as yet been entirely fixed and some green seed continues to be produced. There is also a tendency to produce occa- sional plants with greenish lint. These should be rejected in pick- ing, as the lint is worthless and produces an undesirable discoloration in the bale. The proportion of green seeds is much larger in some seasons than in others, owing to some influence of external conditions not yet understood. The following is a technical description of this variety : Plant low, compact, of Russell type, having several long, branching basal limbs, vigorous, prolific ; bolls large to very large, ovate, short pointed, opening well, mainly 5 locked ; seeds large, fuzzy, white or greenish, 8 to 10 per lock ; lint very strong, from 11 to It’s inches in length, fine, silky, and very uniform iu length ; percentage of lint, 29 to 33 ; season early in comparison with the older long-staple varieties. As a result of continued high prices for long-staple Upland cotton, Columbia cotton is being quite extensively planted in South Carolina and adjacent States. The Columbia cotton is increasing rapidly in popularity and in some neighborhoods has become the dominant variety. Growers accessible to long-staple markets usually secure a premium of 5 cents or more above corresponding grades of short-staple cotton. Contrary to the general impression that long-staple varieties are unproductive, the Columbia cotton often outyields short-staple va- rieties grown under the same conditions. The danger now is that failure to keep the seed pure will result in the production of large Distribution of Cotton Seed in 1921. 11 quantities of uneven fiber that will injure the reputation of the variety. Hence the importance of continued distribution of select seed. It is also important that communities undertaking to produce long-staple cotton should provide themselves with facilities for main- taining the uniformity of select varieties. In order to secure a premium, especially for long staple, it is necessary to pick the cotton with care, not only to exclude leaves and other “ trash ” but to avoid immature and weather-stained bolls. It is also necessary that the cotton be dry before ginning. In some localities it is believed that the Columbia cotton suffers more than the other varieties from the rotting of the bolls through attacks of anthracnose or from other causes. These dangers are increased when conditions favor such luxuriant development of foliage that the bolls are kept moist by heavy shade. The planting of Columbia cotton in Texas is not advised, though excellent results are- reported from some localities in the coast belt. The good quali- ties of the variety are not retained under the more extreme conditions that are often encountered in the drier regions of the Southwest. The seed for this distribution was grown by Mr. C. H. Carpenter, Easley, S. C. DURANGO. The Durango is a new type of Upland long-staple cotton, intro- duced and acclimatized by the Department of Agriculture. It has been derived from a Mexican stock, supposed to have come from the State of Durango. The seeds used for the first planting were taken from a few bolls obtained by Mr. F. L. Lewton from an exhibit made by the Mexican Government at the St. Louis Exposition. After several years of acclimatization and selection in southern Texas a superior strain was separated, from which the present Durango variety has been developed. The results of numerous experiments justify the recommendation of Durango cotton as an early productive variety adapted to a wide range of conditions in the United States. It has given better results than other long-staple varieties in the irrigated regions of the South- western States, as well as in Upland districts of the Southeastern States. In experiments as far north as Norfolk, Va., yields have been secured comparing favorably with King and other early-matur- ing short-staple varieties. In the Imperial Valley of California the Durango cotton has outyielded the short-staple varieties, as well as producing lint of much higher value. It is grown in several of the irrigated southwestern valleys. In earliness the Durango cotton is distinctly superior to the Co- lumbia, which is an advantage in v r eevil-infested regions or where the season is short. 12 Department Circular 151, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. The lint is of excellent quality and attains a length of 1J inches under favorable conditions. The bales of Durango cotton thus far produced have been sold at from 2 to 10 cents a pound above the prevailing market prices of short-staple cotton, premiums of 5 or 6 cents being the rule. The following is a short technical description of this variety : Plant of upright habit, with a strong central stalk and rather stiff, ascending vegetative branches. Fruiting branches of moderate length or rather short, under some conditions becoming semiclustered. Foliage rather deep green, red- dening rather early in the season. Leaves of medium size, usually with five or seven rather narrow tapering lobes, leaves with three lobes being less frequent than in most other varieties of Upland cotton. Involucral bracts rather small, triangular, cordate, margined with rather short teeth. Calyx lobes rather irreg- ular in length, sometimes very long and slender. Bolls of medium or rather large size; under favorable conditions about 60 to the pound. Shape of bolls, conic oval, with rather smooth surface, the oil glands deeply buried. The pro- portion of 5-locked bolls varies usually from 40 to 50 per cent. Seeds of medium size, covered with white fuzz and bearing abundant even lint about 1£ inches long under favorable conditions. Lint percentage, 32 to 34. More complete accounts of the characters and habits of the Du- rango cotton in comparison with those of other varieties are to be found in several of the publications of the Department of Agricul- ture. 1 The seed for this distribution was grown by Mr. W. E. Hotchkiss, Courtland, Ala. MEADE. The Meade is an Upland variety of long-staple cotton. The present stock has been developed from a few exceptionally desirable plants that were discovered in 1912 by Mr. Rowland M. Meade, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, in a field near Clarksville, Tex. It has not been possible to trace definitely the origin of the parent stock. The local information indicated that it had been brought from Arkansas several years before and was not grown extensively in Texas. It was called rather indiscriminately “ Black Rattler,” or “ Blackseed,” but does not correspond with descriptions of either of the varieties known by those names in other districts. Mr. Meade was the first to appreciate the possibilities of breeding a superior type from this stock, and the work was well under way at the time of his death in June, 1916. The variety has been named Meade in his honor. As now grown in the Southeastern States, the Meade variety has lint averaging If inches in length. The fibers are exceptionally uni- form, with little or no tendency to shortened lint at the base of the 1 See U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin No. 220, entitled “ Relation of Drought to Weervil Resistance in Cotton,” and Farmers’ Bulletin 501, entitled “ Cotton Improvement under Weevil Conditions.” Distribution of Cotton Seed in 1921. 13 seeds. The seeds are large and brownish black, being only slightly tufted with white fuzz at either end. Under boll- weevil conditions in Georgia the Meade has given excellent results, yielding three to four times as much as the Sea Island cotton when planted in alter- nate blocks so that careful comparisons could be made. The lint has been received on the Sea Island markets of Georgia in competition with Sea Island cotton with very favorable comments. Several bales of the Meade were sold in Savannah in 1917 at a premium of half a cent above the current price of Sea Island cotton. The Meade differs from other Upland long-staple varieties in its very close resemblance to Sea Island fiber of the character that has been produced in Georgia and Florida and in the fact that its smooth seeds adapt it for ginning on the roller or 44 long-staple ” gin, so that no radical changes are required in the substitution of the Meade for Sea Island cotton. The work of selection to maintain the purity and uniformity of the stock is being continued in cooperation with sev- eral communities in Georgia and South Carolina. The following is a description of the variety : Plant erect, of average height with regular internodes of medium length on both the main stalk and on the vegetative branches. Internodes of the fruiting branches rather long, with little tendency to take the shortened “ cluster ” form. Leaves of medium size and rather thin texture, not deeply cut, a larger propor- tion with only three lobes than in most varieties. Involucral bracts of medium size, not exceeding the bolls, with 10 slender teeth. Bolls medium size with a thin bur, opening readily even under humid conditions. Seeds large, about 3,000 to the pound, nearly naked after the lint is removed, brownish black, slightly tufted at either end. Lint I§ to 111 inches in length, uniform, with good luster, slightly heavier bodied than Sea Island cotton, scarcely distinguishable from Sea Island when properly ginned. Lint percentage, 26 ; lint index, 5.5. In a comparison of alternate blocks of Meade and Sea Island cotton grown near Valdosta, Ga., in the season of 1917, the Meade was picked two weeks in advance of the Sea Island and yielded almost twice as much, 230 pounds as compared with 117 pounds. Picking is easier because the Meade bolls are about twice as large as the Sea Island. Ten Flocked bolls of the Meade variety yielded 65.7 grams of seed cotton compared with 35.7 grams from ten Flocked bolls of Sea Island, but 75 per cent of the Sea Island bolls have only three locks. The Meade has 75 per cent of Flocked and 25 per cent of 5-locked bolls. On account of the larger size of the seeds the lint percentage is lower in the Meade than in Sea Island cotton — at Valdosta . 26.8 per- cent for the Meade and 30.7 for Sea Island. This is at the rate of 1,365 pounds of seed to a 500-pound bale of Meade, compared to 1,111 pounds of seed from a 500-pound bale of Sea Island cotton. The oil content of the Meade seed is unusually high, about 24 per cent having been reported. Both varieties yielded fiber of the same length, If inches. 14 Department Circular 151, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. In order to be a successful competitor with Sea Island cotton on the Sea Island markets it is necessary that the Meade cotton be har- vested and ginned in the same manner and with care equal to that with which Sea Island is usually handled. The fact that the plants have the same general appearance and behavior as short-staple Up- land varieties affords no justification for careless handling of the fiber. AC/ LA. This variety, like Durango, has been developed from imported seed and represents a new form of Upland cotton previously unknown in the United States. The original stock was obtained by Messrs. Gr. N. Collins and C. B. Doyle, of the Department of Agriculture, at Acala, in the State of Chiapas, in southern Mexico, in December, 1906, as th result of an expedition sent out for this purpose, the existence of a native big-boll type of cotton in southern Mexico having been discovered during a previous expedition conducted bv Mr. O. F. Cook. The preliminary work of acclimatizing and selecting desirable strains from the Acala stock was carried on chiefly in southern Texas in the years between 1907 and 1911. In 1911 the variety was planted for the first time on a field basis at Waco, Tex. During the last six years it has given very satisfactory results in several localities in Texas, Oklahoma, and western Tennessee. It has attracted very favorable attention in Oklahoma as a large-boiled cotton earlier than Lone Star or Triumph, producing a similar abundance of lint with a somewhat longer staple. The present strain, adapted to northern conditions, is from a selection of 20 plants made by Dr. D. A. Saunders from the original field grown at Waco in 1911. The variety may be described technically as follows: Plant of medium height, with strong, erect main stem. Wood limbs or pri- mary branches few, erect or ascending. Fruiting branches short jointed, zigzag, the lower branches long, becoming very short above, giving the plant a semiclus- tered appearance. Leaves of medium size, dark green, those of the main stalk usually with five lobes, on the fruiting branches three lobes; the lobes long and very sharp pointed, resembling those of the Durango. Bolls medium size— 11 inches or longer — ovate or ovate-oblong with a rather short blunt point ; 50 to 60 to the pound. Involucral bracts rather small for an American variety, rarely- reaching more than half the length of the mature bolls ; teeth long and narrow and somewhat scythe shaped, often interlacing over the buds. Pedicels of medium length — 11 inches — burs often pendent, of medium thickness, storm- proof, opening wide. Lint ItV to 1^ inches, usually 11 full, with good drag and extra strong; clear white without creamy tint. Percentage of lint, 32 to 35. In the shape of the plant, the type of boll, and especially in the quality of the lint, Acala is distinct from all other varieties and is one of the most striking sorts thus far introduced. It meets a dis- Distribution of Cotton Seed in 1921. 15 tinct agricultural need in maturing somewhat earlier than Lone Star or other big-boll cottons. On this account it promises to be rapidly extended in cultivation in parts of northern Texas and Okla- homa. It is already well known in some communities, and local cooperators and breeders are finding a ready sale for the seed, some- times calling it “ Kelly.” Its earliness in these sections makes it especially adapted to the bottom lands, where cotton tends to grow rank and be late in maturing, and on the more northern highlands where frost shortens the growing season. It is particularly noted also for the good drag and the extra strength of its fiber. In the long-staple market Acala brings a premium of $7.50 to $12 a bale. The seed for this distribution was obtained from Mr. Ferris D. Watson, Waxahachie, Tex. REPORT OF RESULTS OF PLANTING. Inclosed with the quart package of cotton seed sent for the pre- liminary trial will be found a yellow return card showing the variety of the seed sent, which is to be returned to the Department of Agri- culture in case the grower is willing to cooperate in testing the com- parative value of this variety. To those returning this yellow card, a blank form will be sent in the fail of 1921 for use in giving a de- tailed report of the results obtained, including the following items : (1) Character of the soil. (2) Character of the season. (3) Whether the seed of the new variety was isolated or planted with a local variety for comparison. (4) Name of local variety used for comparison. (5) Size and yield of row or plat for the new variety. (6) Yield of equal row or plat of the local variety. (7) Rating of the new variety for your section— whether excellent, good, fair, or poor. * (8) A sample of seed cotton representing ten 5-locked bolLs, the seed cotton from each boll to be picked carefully and wrapped separately in a small piece of paper. Should the report of the preliminary test prove to the Department of Agriculture that the variety is desirable for the grower’s condi- tions and if a 10-boll sample of the seed cotton is submitted in accordance with instructions, he will be permitted to share in the special distribution of half-bushel lots of seed of the same variety the following season. In order to take advantage of this special distribution it will be necessary for the grower to keep careful notes of the behavior of the plants grown from the quart package of seed, so that a complete report can be made on the blank which will be sent for that purpose. The sample bolls are to be used for determining the length, quality, and percentage of lint. This information, together with the detailed report, will enable the cotton experts of the Department to decide whether the variety is promising under the grower’s conditions and will aid in assigning the distribution of the larger lots of seeds to such communities only as are likely to adopt the new varieties and establish them in regular cultivation. The samples should be accompanied by the name and address of the grower, as well as the name of the variety grown. In previous years it has been necessary to discard many samples because they were not marked and there was no way to identify them. 16 WASHINGTON’ : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1920