L I B RA RY OF THE U N I VERS ITY or ILLI NOIS * , /■Cfl>^ n^rrr*^ J Jc^^y It tn% _ __- /h^A^ (J -'4 REPORT OF SPEECH BY THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER AT A PRIVATE MEETING HELD AT BISHOP'S HOUSE, KENNINGTON, 12th APRIL, 1905. ^Lww BISHOP'S HOUSE, KENNINGTON PARK.S. E. 'I 5 ^mh May, 1905. ;eiv Having received, under God, from His Majesty the King, the charge of the New Diocese of South wark, with its population of more than two million people (2,025,000), and daily growing, I felt it to be my first duty to take advice as to the way in which I could provide for its effective Episcopal supervision. A meeting, chiefly of laymen, invited to my house on April 12th, made, unanimously and cordially, the following recommendations : — (i.) That the Diocese could only be properly worked by the assistance of two Suffragans, (ii.) That means must be provided by endowment to secure an income of not less than £500 a year each, (iii.) That for this purpose an effort be at once made to raise £25,000. With existing endowments producing about £250, this would yield the required sum. A large sum was raised by those present. Acting upon this advice I have applied to the Crown for consent to the appointment of two Suffragans whose titles will be Bishop of Kingston-on-Thames (by Order in Council dated 5th July, 1889) and Bishop of Woolwich (by Order in Council just passed for the purpose). I propose to assign to each of them half the Diocese as a special sphere, preserving my own connection undiminished with the whole. The Suffragans will act as connecting links between myself and their respective districts. As at present advised, I contemplate their giving their whole time to their Episcopal work, without other charge. I shall share with them by devolution, the work of Confirmation, the duties of public institution to benefices, of dedication of church buildings, of the different depart- ments of diocesan work, and of careful parochial visitation. The relief to myself will be enormous, and the addition to the efficiency of the Diocese, I hope, proportionate : for it is not, I need hardly say, with any intention of taking ease niyself, that I ask for this help. A committee, mainly of laymen, whose names are overleaf, has undertaken to carry this matter out for me under the chairmanship of Mr. W. J. Lancaster. I hope that this will approve itself to you as a thoroughly businesslike manner of meeting, at a very modest cost, and in^-very frugal way, the needs of this heavy Diocese (the third in size in the whole country). It will abolish the need of any collection, as in the past, of annual subscriptions : a method which is very unsuitable for this particular purpose, and which has been a cause to me of constant anxiety and trouble. It is not without real reluctance that I make this appeal, in view of the heavy demands for the Endowment of the See to which the Diocese has just responded. But this is in fact the completion of that work by what is necessary to secure the results which we have all hoped for from it. It would be therefore an immense help if you would assist the Committee in the very spirited attempt which they are making to raise the sum by Michaelmas next, about which time the Archbishop has most kindly con- sented to consecrate at our Cathedral the two new Bishops of Kingston-upon-Thames and Woolwich. I desire to remain, Your faithful Serva^ 'Ty^ ( BisJwp- Designate of Southi ^^ /It: V-^ ■ [P.T.O. Southwark Suffraaan €ndou)ttient 7und. COMMITTEE. W. J. Lancaster, Esq., J. P., L.C.C. (Chairman). The Ven. the Archdeacon of Southwark. Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart. The Eev. Canon Allen Edwards. Derman Christopherson, Esq. J. T. Chaklesworth, Esq. Augustus C. Sadler, Esq. E. C. P. Hull, Esq. The Eev. Canon C. E. Brooke. D. G. Landale, Esq. Simpson Eostkon, Esq. A. B. Stevens, Esq., M.B. Pe&cival a. Nairne, Esq. The Eev. T. B. Dover. The Eev. J. Allen Bell. Harky Lloyd, Esq., {Hon. Treasurer^) Woodlands, Caterham, or Bishop's House, Kennington, S.E. Hon. Secretaries : W. H. B. Joyce, Esq., St. David's, Eeigate. F. S. GouLDiNG, Esq., 1 Breakspears Eoad, Brockley, S.E. Malcolm Christopherson, Esq., Grove House, Kidbrooke, S.E. REPORT OF SPEECH BY THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, AT A Private Meeting held at Bishop's House, Kennington, 12th April, 1905. Gentlemen, I am extremely grateful to you for having come together at my summons to-day for a purpose more or less undefined. I should wish you to understand also that you are yourselves, if I may say so, undefined. This is not a meeting of any body ; it is a meeting of those taken — I won't say at random, that would be wrong — but chosen by myself somewhat hurriedly as representing themselves and others who really care for the interests of this diocese, and upon whose counsel and support I might rely in the task which lies before us. We know now clearly what our position is, and within a month's time we shall start upon this enter- prise, which, both in a religious and an historical sense, is one of considerable importance, that of founding and organizing a new diocese in God's Church, and that diocese one in the metropolis of the empire ; and as the task has in the first place fallen upon me, I thought that I must invite my friends and advisers to come together in order tliat I might put before them as l^riefly as I nnght, but still with some little fulness, what seemed to me the urgent questions. Of course, I am speaking now not of those greater questions of what the diocese can attempt or effect. That lies all behind. I am speaking now of its equipment and organization. And first I want to say what I think you all know, and what some of you have been good enough to impress upon me, viz., that if I or any man after me is to do this work with any degree of efficiency and without breaking strain, he must have assistance of the episcopal kind. Those of you — and that is the greater numher — who have heen associated in the work of the council for the creation of the diocese, will do me the justice to say that never at any time, hardly at any meeting, did I disguise from those who were working with me, that the division of the diocese did not mean that that part which was to he Southwark could be worked by a single bishop. I fore- saw afar off the danger that some people not closely acquainted with the facts might think the object was to divide the diocese in order to get two workable areas, each with its bishop. I saw that would not be the case, and I pointed it out w^ith perfect clearness. I may now perhaps just illustrate that in one or two ways which I think may bring out the point somewhat vividly. If in the first instance we compare the Diocese of Southwark, as it is to be, with the Diocese of Rochester at the time Bishop Thorold succeeded to it, we find, I believe, the following result. I take the population of the new Diocese of Southwark — and this is the lesser of two estimates — at 2,025,000 people. Now when Bishop Thorold took up the whole undivided diocese which was regarded as such a weight, it consisted of about 1,800,000 people, of whom the population of South London was then about a million and a quarter. That is one illustration which I would give of the matter. A second illustration which I think is somewhat interesting in view of what has recently happened is that the two dioceses into which the old Diocese of Worcester has been parted, the Dioceses of Worcester and Birmingham together, amount to one and a half million against the two millions roughly of the one Diocese of Southwark. A third way of putting the matter (to which I have had my attention drawn by one of our clergy not present here), is that if we take the five Dioceses of Hereford, Gloucester, Truro, Salisbury, and Carlisle, their total population amounts to 1,600,000, as against (once more) the two millions of the single Diocese of Southwark. Then again, to come closer home and also nearer the matter to which I proceed ; if we take the Diocese of London we find that there is a population of 3,245,000 against the Southwark 2,025,000. For this population of London there is now an episcopal c UIUC ' staff of four bisliops, so that wc have four bishops at present to work the three and a quarter niilHons ; and you have to consider in that Hght partly what is required for the Diocese of Southwark. I do not mean to say that an advocate upon the other side could not find some criticism to make on these comparisons of mine ; I think he could. For instance one very important deduction is in regard to the number of parishes. I will take the five dioceses which I have named and compare their population with our own. I have not taken out the number of parishes. Of course, if you were to put together the parishes in those five dioceses you would find their number was immensely greater than the parishes of the Diocese of Southwark. Some very good judges think the number of parishes is the best test of the amount of a bishop's work. I will only say I am not myself convinced of that. With regard to our country districts, I have not found that the nuini)er of small parishes adds to my work at all proportionately to what a small number of what may l)e called the heavy parishes in the towns or suburbs do. Now, gentlemen, to what conclusion does this bring us with regard to Episcopal assistance ? I think myself it brings us to the necessity of employing siiffrcKjan Jiclj) I know it is said — it has been said to me again and again that the laity — there are a good many generalizations which begin with that nominative — that the laity dislike the suffragan system ; and therefore, if that be at all true, I must approach you to-day with a certain amount of diffidence. Again ; my brother, the present Bishop of Worcester, who, of course, always impressed upon us the great drawbacks which undoubtedly there are to the suffragan system, would, I think — in fact I am sure — have done almost anything rather than give in to it if at this moment he sbood in my place. You see, suffragan assistance is not the same as Episcopal assistance. I am at this moment leceiving from a number ol my brethien in the Episcopate very valuable help for the temporary discharge of the Confirmation work, and assistance of that kind somewhat more methodized, would be a possible way. But I must own that it appears to me that suffragan assistance is what is needful and right. I have had to think the matter over again in the light of some objections, and this is the way in which it comes home to me, — that there is a certain amount of definitely Episcopal work, defined and undefined, which according to our Church's constitution ought to be discharged in a diocese, not merely organizing work or superintend- ing work, but work which ought to be done by a bishop ; that those functions seem to me in a diocese of this scale altogether beyond the powers of a single man, and therefore, (speaking reverently as to what one thinks it would be according to God's will to do), that, until there be some greater change in the whole order, in the whole working of the Episcopal system, the Episcopate in a huge diocese must be in a degree in commission, it must be in a degree discharged by a couple or more men: though the position of the bishop of the diocese secures the unity of administration which is one essential of Episcopacy. Now in regard to the other plan of a large diminution in the size of dioceses, I think I would say this, gentlemen, that we may claim to have done our part in our generation. I think that by creating the Diocese of Eochester as you have helped in doing, we have made our contribution to the multiplication of workable dioceses in this generation. But we have not made a second workable Diocese of Southwark in that sense, nor do I think that in any time which I and most of us are likely to see, we shall be able to do that with regard to South London. I think we must leave that, if it is to be done, to the next generation. o^ I find that the plan of working by suffragans is apparently operating with real efficiency on the other side of the river. The Bishop of London and I are very old and very close friends, and I have talked to him a great deal about this matter, and after doing so I want rather to bring before you under certain heads what I think is the kind of way in which you may get, at one and the same time, relief to the bishop and efficiency to the diocese, which are tlie two aims, the first being a means to the second, which we have before us. Take for instance, the matter of the institution of new incumbents of parishes. My own experience and that of other bishops whose time and engagements have allowed them to do it more, goes to show that there is hardly anything which is better for the life of a parish, hardly anything which is a happier opportunity for the bishop, than the occasion when an old incumbency is wound up and a new one inaugurated ; and the bishop should be there to preside and carry that through. Now I can very rarely, it may be my fault, I cannot tell — but as a matter of fact I can only rarely undertake public institutions. The Bishop of London and his suffragans never now allow anything else. Then a second point. You will imagine that with the great staff of clergy such as we have — I think some- thing like 900 — and with the constant shift that is going on, that one part of the bishop's Avork is the inquiry into character and the verification of antecedents. The Bishop of London tells me that there he has been able to a very large extent to relieve himself of that work, reserving of course necessarily the ultimate treatment of the more difficult cases ; but all the ordinary routine of discipline being done for him by his suffragan bishops. A third point is the disputes which arise and need some kind of arbitration and settlement, disputes in parishes, either amongst the clergy or between the clergy and some of the people. There again, what is really serious and important must probably come to the diocesan himself, but there is much that can be settled for him. Again, there are now in diocesan work a large number of important departments ; there is the depart- ment of education, the department of lay readers, the department of temperance, the department of public morality, and several other departments which might be named. Now it is quite plain that if one man tries to make himself the working head of all these departments the work will all be done somewhat feebly. In the Diocese of London we on this side of the river have had very 6 special reason to know very thankfully what power comes from the Bishop of Stepney in particular being able lo put himself at the head of one department, and we are looking forward, in the coming educational difficulty, to further help in that way. The entire change in energy and efficiency which w^as brought about when I delegated the charge of the lay readers to the (then) Bishop of South- wark is another very striking case. I think these are four good instances such as will be quite intelligible to yourselves as to the kind of way in which suffragan help — and suffragan help only, I think, — can relieve the bishop and promote efficiency, for I do not think you would say that all of these things could really be discharged by a Bishop who merely drops in now and again to give a little assistance from outside. To which I may add that the Bishop of London tells me he has found, to use his own words, " quite extraordinary help " in his work from the habit — which the employment of several suffragans necessitates— of meeting together perhaps once a month to consider and discuss different topics arising in the several spheres, and take advice upon matters like patronage, and so forth. I think it might perhaps be an encouragement to you if I just mention two instances which show that the sentence I quoted above as to the laity is not universally true. We have recently heard that two laymen of the Diocese of Winchester, finding that their Bishop's health was, as we have been so sorry to learn, considerably impaired, came forward to help him, offering the sum of £500 a year for the employment of a second suffragan. I heard from the Bishop of St. Albans only last night that when he took up his diocese — or it might be in the time of his predecessor — the late Lord Salisbury said it would be necessary in order to work the diocese, that there should be two suffragans, and in order to give effect to that opinion, he offered the sum of £5000, of which the interest now goes to form part of the income of one of the two suffragans of that diocese, in addition to the subscription he gave year by year to the first stipend. Let me come on to our own case. You know that what has been done in the past is that we had 1 one suffragan to whom a stipend of £1000 a year was paid, which was afterwards raised to £1250. That stipend was made up (1) liy £500 which the Bishop of Kochester paid from his income of £4500, (2) by the rent of a house bequeathed by Mr. Macmillan for the purpose, which amounted to a little under £150, and (3) by the interest on a small endowment fund, a little less than £80, and then (4) by annual subscriptions and donations on which we relied for the residuum. That was a system which those in the room who know the matter even more closely than I do will agree with me caused a considerable amount of anxiety and distress. And the fact that it did so is one of the things I want you to take into account. Now I am anxious for your advice as to what it is really wise to attempt. If you think that it is best we should attempt to keep one suffragan bishop either at the original stipend or at perhaps even a slightly lower one, and work the diocese in the same sort of way that we have hitherto worked it, I shall cheerfully accept that. But I own that I am anxious rather to ask you to consider whether we might not have in some way a better method than that. I should like you to consider whether we might aim — whether it is altogether too desperate an ambition to aim — at having tico Sujfragans, between whom I might make some kind of territorial division, so that while I was common to the whole diocese — nothing would induce me to make any arrangement under which that was not true — each of the men who worked with me, except so far as occasional confirmations, etc., might come in, would in the main confine themselves to their own spheres. Well then, if we are to consider that, what resources have we for it ? And there I must own we are not in a very encouraging position. For the first thing I must say, and I know you will agree with me, that it is impossible for me or my successors to do, out of the income of the See of Southwark, what the Bishop of Eochester did out of his £4500 a year. That knocks out, you see, the most valuable item in the whole of our former finance. The house Mr. Macmillan bequeathed 8 has been sold and is now in trust for a suffragan of the new diocese. That will bring in roughly, I hope, £160 a year. A very dear old friend of mine at his death left me a sum to be employed at my discretion which will amount to just under £1800, and I am quite disposed to think that I cannot use it better than by putting it to this purpose. That might mean an additional £70 a year. You will remember there is also another endow- ment which yields nearly £80, so that you have thus these two sums ; £160 for the house, and about £150 for the past and the new endowments, making in all a little over £300, which is all we have to go upon. The sort of idea I had was this. First, that I might find a man, or perhaps two men, to one or both of whom the idea of carrying out Episcopal work in a place like South London of a very simple and uncostly form, was not only tolerable, but even attractive, and that therefore we might obtain the services of men who would work at what might be considered for such a purpose, a low stipend. That further, we might come in for some kind of windfall. By a windfall, I mean different sorts of things. One windfall would be the finding of a man of ample means who would give me his help. Another windfall would be the finding of some benefice within the diocese or, just conceivably — I do not put much reliance upon that — across the water, (the suggestion has been made after the example of what was done by the Chapter of Canterbury in the Croydon case,) which would provide a part of the stipend. But it seems to me that the least we ought to have for this purpose if we are with any hope to help in the ways I have indicated to carry out the plan, is a clear £1000 a year for suffragan purposes. I am disposed to think that if you thought it possible in any way to get that £1000 a year, not divided into two stipends of £500, but entrusted to me, or if you like to any Committee working with me, to divide as I pleased in arrangement with the two men whom I might appoint, that would perhaps be the best system. Is it possible to do that, and how can it be done ? I only see, subject to correction from you, two ways in which it can be done. One is the old and hated expedient of the subscription list. The other is the method of endow- ment. There was a time, when, speaking in this room at a meeting of the council for the creation of the new diocese, I sketched out what I thoudit would be really our wisest plan, and that was to raise a capital sum of in all £130,000 which would provide the income of the See and the suffragan income also. That was received by some of those present to-day, I remember, with a good deal of warmth and favour. It dropped, however, chiefly I think because others thought— and perhaps quite wisely—that to attempt what might seem too great a task would discourage effort, and that to concentrate on the single and apparently more attainable aim and first get just the minimum income for the bishop was the best and most politic course. Whether that was right or not, it was done, and my original suggestion dropped out of sight ; but I did make, it, and it appears to me a question now whether you will think it right to make an attempt to raise that endowment. I said there were two courses ; perhaps I might have said there were three. It would, of course, be possible to get together a certain capital sum and then to eke that out by the method of subscription. Certainly in the last few months the diocese has risen manfully to the occasion and put out a great deal of collective strength and generosity. It is very difficult for me, and perhaps hardly less difficult for you, to judge how far it is ungenerous to take advantage of an effort which has been so willingly made for what may seem a single emergency, or how far it is politic and right to try to train on all that common action and common effort in order that its strength may carry us on towards the accomplishment of fuller designs. Well, then, at that point I ought to introduce what was l)efore the Finance Committee to-day before the bulk of you came. The very happy condition of things of the diocese funds is this, that according to the statement which Mr. Harry Lloyd, our Treasurer, put before us, all the capital needed to create the minimum income has been raised, and, over and above that, we shall, if all promises are paid up, have a capital sum of £3300. The effect of 10 which is that the Bishop for the time to come will have an income assured to him of about £3100. There comes then the question which was discussed by the Finance Committee, whether we ought to regard that job as finished or whether we ought to go on raising the income above the minimum. Some have drawn attention to a former meeting, at which the Finance Committee decided that the income to be raised should not be less than £3500, and that, if possible, it should be made £4000, and I only say — because I know it will be said — that there are those, few or many I do not know, who cherish the ambition of making the income of the See £4000. Well, now, if the income of the See was made £4000, then the obligation would revive upon the Bishop of the diocese to allow a portion of his income to possible suffragan assistance. Therefore it is necessary to take that question into account along with the matter which we are immediately discussing. I think I have made these matters now as clear as I can, but I still feel that in justice to you and to the future, I ought to add one or two things. As I have said, the present gathering is a gathering of those to whom I look for interest in making the support of the diocese efficient and equipping it fully. Now we cannot forget when we are speaking in that way, that a diocese must have a cathedral, and that cathedral must be maintained. You know, I think, that our cathedral is distinctly in the nature of a pensioner. The Archdeacon — there are several of the Canons here, and they will correct me if I am wrong — but I think I am right in saying that at present the Cathedral is relying for its extremely slender equipment upon a subscription list of about £1500 a year, and that that list is not in a complete condition. I very much hope that our cathedral will be, in the time to come, the object of special gifts. You know, of course, that at this time our friends in America, who are connected with us through Harvard, have undertaken to take the chapel on the north side and fit it up completely and beautifully as a chapel, and present that to the church. I hope that 11 some person may be found before very long to do something of the same kind Avith that other most urgent need, — that of new vestries for the Church. I also hope that v^e may find in time to come that gifts such as have been given to the Diocese of Newcastle, which has now nearly got a completely equipped chapter of a modern sort, will be ours, and I hope we may find endowments for some canonries — not what people call fat and comfortable places, but simply sufficiently paid working offices. Of course, if we had canonries of that kind, I need not point out that it might very possibly assist us in the business of providing suffragan assistance. There is one more thing. I ought to draw vour attention to the College of St. Saviour's. There is no doubt at all that when we speak of the value of the diocese and the value of the cathedral, one thing which contributes to that value is the fact of liaving a College of Clergy connected with the cathedral, and the Bishop of Southwark, in placing in my hands the report of that College for the year before he left us, was able to draw my attention to the fact that in twelve months that College had, in some way or other, helped one in every three of the whole number of parishes in the Diocese of Kochester. That shows quite convincingly, I think, how very necessary and very much valued the work of the College is. Now I need only say that though, of course, we get a certain amount of money from the fees which the members of the College are able to earn upon the ordinary clerical and professional system, when they occasionally help w^here people are able to pay, or when they are perhaps put in charge of a place in sequestration in the case of a vacancy, there is a need for a sub- scription list — a subscription list which, like many other things, we have hitherto owed to the skill and energy of the present Bishop of Worcester. That is not a very large sum, but still there it is, and I mention it now ])ecause it is very rarely I can get such a meeting about me as I have got to-day. Having got it, I want it to know all that is in my heart and all the burdens on my back, and I don't want it to be said by the leading 12 laitv of the diocese — " we never know what the Bishop will next be asking us for ; it seems to be first one thing and then another, until we get quite weary of the w^hole matter " ! I am afraid I do not mean there are no other things which I should never ask you. One aw^ul shadow already looms across the path, and that is the shadow of the London Church Schools about which we shall have to take counsel within the next few^ months. But, speaking of the equipment of the diocese, I think I may fairlv say I have put the matter compactly before you, and it is upon that I want your advice. It occurs to me that you may say — " What practical result ought this meeting to have ? ' ' Possibly this meeting would feel itself competent to decide one or two rather broad issues selected, perhaps, out of what I have said. Then it might think it right to appoint a small committee from itself to deal with any matters which could be communicated to that committee as requiring to be thrashed out. CV .. ryf2 ^^■'t^S^'^'^^ 21,ENDSLEICH STREET, TAVISTOCK SQUARE. W.C V^WJw' cVv^-.' U< ^■.ii -^