UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIQN BOOKSTACKS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/oldwelshchipsjanOOpool OLD WEL^H GHip^. 1888 OLD WELSH CHIPS JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1888. By Eowiist P^oole, OF BKECON, (Author of "THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY OF BRECKNOCKSHIRE." Printed and Published by the Author, at his Press AT Brecknock. 1888. A. Address — Introductory, 1 — 2 Ambitious Work, A Very, 30 — 31 Ancient British Church, A Popular History of, 73—4 Ashburnham Family, The, and Wales, 326 American Work on Welsh Geneology, a Wonderful, 3—7 Anglesea, History of, One Hundred Years ago, 20—21 , Members of ParHament for, 135 — 137 B. Baron Willoughby de Eresby, the Twentieth, 342-3 Bibles and Testaments, Pubhshed in Welsh, Editions of 70 150 BIBLIOGEAPHICAL NOTES, QUEEIES, AND EEPLIES 30—33, 68-73, 116-117, 147—152, 183-184, 277—279 BRECON WILLS, OLD, 50—54, 90—93, 166—171 Breconshire and the Civil Wars, 67-8 , Poet, A, 99-100 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY HISTORIES RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH 138-145 171—181, 198—216, 224—230 of Wales, a Complete, 183-4, Breese, Edward, Esq., F.S.A., the late, 231 Builth, a Curious Account of (1747), 343-4 C. Cambrian BibHography, A National, 375—378 Cardiff Cymmrodorion Society, The, 37-38 Cardiganshire, Lord Lieutenant of, 280 Clough, Arthur Hugh, 245 Court of the Marches of Wales, The, 66 Crawshay Bailey's Engine, 115 586929 INDEX CONTINUED. D. Dunraven, The House of, 56 — 58 E. Eisteddfod Guide to Brecon, 345 Eisteddfodic Items of Sixty-five Years Ago, 23—25, 59- EUice, General, Death of, 309-10 *'Enghsh Maelor," 64-5 F. Famous Dictionary by a Welshman, A, 19-20 First Book Printed in Glamorgan, The, 69 Flintshire Justices (in 1680), 26 Flintshire Militia, The, 27-28 Flint Castle, the Defender of,' 61-62 , An Expensive Borough Election at, 26 Fenton's Carmarthenshire, 71 Folklore, Superstitious, 75-76 Frost's (Thomas) Forty Years' Kecollections," 27 Freeman, Professor, on " Welsh Histories," 295 Founder of Jesus College, The, 54-55 Fox, George, the Quaker, at Brecon, 63 G. Gold Fever, the Welsh, of To-day, 21-22 Gorsedd Sword and Corn Gwlad, The, 312 Guests, The, of Dowlais, 22-23 H. Haverfordwest, Histories of, 278-279 Halliwell Phillips' Sale Catalogue, 149 Harris, Joseph, of Trevecca, 297 Harry, Wilham, the Bard, 66-7 Howel, James, List of His Works, 32, 69, 103—108 , The Birthplace of, 239, 259-260 , Epistolae Ho-Elianae, 69, 117 Howitt, Mary, 71, 150 INDEX CONTINUED. / VII. I. In Memoriam (1887), 25-26 Interesting Gift to Sir Jolm Puleston, M.P., 310-11 Irishmen in the Vale of Tivy, 116 L. Llewelyn and His Bards : a Poem, 298 Leeks on St. David's Day, 245 LIBRAKY, SALE OF THE, OF THE LATE EDWARD BREESE, ESQ., F.S.A., of Portmadoc, 231—239, 253—257, 295, 329 Lloyd Kenyon, Chief Justice of England, 13 — 19 Lines Written on a Midnight Scene by the Straits of Menai, 246 Llanddew, meaning of the word, 61, 182-3 Llangynwyd Parish, History of, 117 — 120 M. Mabinogion, The, 73, 149, 184 Merlin, the Prophecies of, 67 Memorial to a Brecknockshire Worthy in Llandaff Cathedral, 28 Militia of Wales, The, 113-114 Montgomeryshire Pamphlet, A, 68 N. Nanney, Captain John, 65-6 National Eisteddfod at Brecon, The, 265—267 • Bangor, 340-41 Newboroiigh, Lord, the late, 289 NOVELS RELATING TO WALES, 69, 159—165, 247-48 0. " Old Brecknock Chips," 267-268 Owen, Rev. James, 185 — 194 Owen Glendower, Lives of, 70 Owen, Sir Hugh, Statue of, 311-12 VIII. INDEX CONTINUED. P. Place Names in Wales and Monmouthshire, Origin of, a Hand- book to, 74-5 Personal, 2 Peerage of Wales, The, 48—50, 114 Penry, John, Published Writings of, 100 — 102 Pewter Coffin Chalice, 61 Picturesque Sketches in North Wales, 70 Powis, the Earl of, 312 PEATT, CHAELES, EAEL CAMDEN, 81—87, 128—131, 194—197 Price, Eichard, D.D., 72, 88—90 Pughe, Dr. WiUiam Owen, 131—135 Publishing County Histories, the Blue Euin of, 68 E. Eeviews of Books, 73—75, 117—120. S. Salusbury Library, The, 32 South Wales Antiquary, Death of a well-known, 249 — 251 Story of the Submerged Mansion in Penmaenmawr Bay, The, 252-253 St. Swithin a Welshman, 279-280 T. Twm Shon Catti, 66 V. VAUGHAN, HENEY, SILUEIST, 7, 121, 319, 346 W. Wales and the Ashburnham Family, 326 — 29 Welsh Books, First editions of, 32, 151-2 , a Bare Old, 116-17, 152 Welsh Lake, the New, 350—54 Welsh Dictionaries, List of, 94—99, 277-78 INDEX CONTINUED. IX. and Grammars, List of, 147 — 9 , a, Printed at Bristol, 33 Welsh Events in the Eighteenth Century, 115-16 Welsh Judge, Anecdote of a, 62-63 Welsh Marches, The, 109, 112 Welsh Names of Waters, 113 Welsh Notes and Queries, 72-3 Welsh Education Notes, 80 Welsh Histories, The Status of Published, 258 , A New History of, 247 , Catalogue of, 247 . , One of the Earliest, 286 Welsh Literary and Art Notes, 33—38, 76—80 WELSH NOTES, QUERIES, and REPLIES, 26—30, 61—68, 113—116, 146—147, 182—183, 245—248, 279—280, 309— 312 Welsh Proverbs, 261—264 Welsh Social Notes, 39 Welsh Judge, a Famous, 281 Welsh Squire, a, Unjustly Imprisoned, ?17— 223, 264-265 Williams, General, of Ears, 182, 248 Williams, Zachariah, the Mathematician, 71 Welsh Wesleyan Methodism, 146-7 Wesley, John, in Breconshire, 63-4 Welsh Trial, a Notable, 29-30 Welsh Language, Society for Utilizing the, 38 Wales, History of, by J. Roland Phillips, 71 Wales, Agricultural Societies in, 30 ^ Wales, Volunteer Movement in, and Monmouthshire, 30 EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The late Rev. John Blackwell Alun"), 366-369 Brutus (David Owen), 272 Caledfryn, 357 X.. INDEX — CONTINUED. Carnliuanawc : the Rev. Thomas Price, 303 — 6 Crawshays of Cyfarthfa, The, 358 David Davies, the Eev., of Brighton, 340 David Morier Evans, 275 Joseph Edwards, the Sculptor, 308-9. The late Rev. R. Ellis Cynddelw"), 370-1 Eben Fardd (Ebenezer Thomas), 358 Sir Bartle Frere, 241 Colonel George Grant Francis, of Swansea, 335-6 The late Rev. John Griffiths, of Merthyr, 308 Sir Samuel W. Griffiths, Q.C., K.C.M.G., 244 Griffith John, the Chinese missionary, 360 — 2 Gwilym Hiraethog (Rev. William Rees), 269-70 leuan Glan Geirionydd (Rey. Evan Evans), 357 — 8 Lord Justice James, 240 Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, 355 Rev. Robert Jones, of Rotherhithe, 274 Rev. Thomas Jones, the Poet Preacher, 306 Lord Llanover (Sir Benjamin Hall), 241 Judge Johnes, 334 Dr. John Jenkins, 336 Rev. Thomas Jones, of Creaton, 355 Rev. William Jones, Bridgend, 355 Rev. Isaac Jones, 355 Jones of Talysarn, 356 Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 243 Sir William Thomas Lewis, 359-60 The late Gwalter Mechain, 371-375 The late William Menelaus, 358-9 Lewis Morris, the Poet, 68-69 The Right Hon. George Osborne Morgan, 244 Rev. Thomas Nicholas, Ph.D., 276 Sir Hugh Owen, 241—42 Bishop Ollivant, 244 Aneurin Owen, 335 INDEX CONTINUED . XI. John Parry, Bardd Alaw, 354 Eev. John Peter, F.G.S. (loan Pedr), 275 The late J. Roland PhiUips, 362 Sir Thomas Phillips, Q.C., 274-5 The Eev. Dr. Thomas PhiUips, of Neuaddlwyd, 355 Eev. Dr. Thomas Price, of Aberdare, 356 William Eees, of Tonn, 272-3 Dr. Thomas Eees, of Swansea, 307 The Eev. Henry Eees, of Liverpool, 356 Brinley Eichards, 270—272 The late Samuel Eoberts S.E."), 341-2, 356 Bishop Thirlwall, 243 Daniel Thomas, 272 David Ehys Stephen, 273 Thomas Stephens, of Merthyr, 275-6 The late John Evan Thomas, F.S.A., 336-40 Archdeacon Williams, of Cardigan, 273 Dr. Eowland Wilhams, 276 The Eight Hon. Charles Watkin Williams Wynn, 242-3 The late Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, 243. The Eev. Canon David Williams, 362 The late Dean WilHams, of Llandaff, 363-5 The late Eev. David Williams, of Troedrhiwdalar, (** The Patriarch of Wales"), 365-366 The late Canon Eobert WilHams, 307-8 The late Mr. W. W. E. Wynne, of Peniarth, 334-5 Arthur Hugh Clough, the Poet (see page 245). Sir John Guest, of Dowlais (see page 23). The late Mr Edward Breese (see notes on his life, page 231). WILLIAMS, JANE (- YSGAFELL ") AND HEE WEITINGS, 313—318 Y. Ysgafell " and her Writings, 313 Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales: January 31st, 1888. No. i. ** Remember the country lias always been fruitful of loyal hearts, a very garden and seedplot of honest minds and men. What lights of learning hath Wales sent forth for your schools ! What industrious students of your laws ! Wliat able ministers of your justice ! Whence hath tlie Crown in all times better servitors, more liberal of their lives and fortunes." — Ben Jonson. INTRODUCTORY. Wales shall always be our text : Her Past History ; the Lives of her Eminent Men and Women ; her Books : their character, and notes on the literary people who wrote them — these subjects, one and all, will claim attention. And the manner and the matter of the presentation of these great subjects shall be as diverse and varied as possible. Facts shall be stated briefly, pointedly, pithily. What we shall aim at throughout will be to deal accurately with all historical, biographical, and bibliographical matters, yet withal to present each fact in short, chatty, popular paragraph and articlette. The great draw- back of our antiquarian magazines is their utter dryness and ultramundaneness : they are stamped with the stamp of "For F.S.A.'s only." If a castle is to be described, the old-fashioned antiquarian pulls out his three-foot rule and begins to measure the "mounds left thereof," leaving precious little space in the learned disquisition in which to recount the acts, deeds, and history ot the brave men who peopled the adamantine bricks and mortar centuries before. The popular mind, ever ready to grasp the acts done by our kith and kin of long ago, need 2 "deeds" not "dry words" placed on the canvas. " There- fore we shall not aim at being either heraldic, or architectural, or superstitious, or excessively pre-Norman. We heartily believe in the popularization of Antiquarian Record, Biographic Life, and Book Lore. And therefore our aim throughout and its hoped-for consummation will be carried forward on popular lines. We are aware that we may be treading on financial quick- sands, and that the chances are ten to one against the magazine "paying its way," still we do not feel too timorous to "try our luck." The record of Failure is a very glorious and capable one. If we join the majority, we shall do so with our eyes wide open, but if the tenth chance savours of success, we shall thank our subscribers and the public accordingly. PERSONAL. We are greatly indebted to our friend, Mr. Henry Blackwell, of New York, for promise of considerable help in the literary and publishing department of our venture. We have received several contributions, which are crowded out this issue ; among the number, from Mr. W. R. Williams, solicitor, Brecon ; Mr. T. C. Evans, Llangynwyd (Author of History of Llangymvyd), etc. Mr. Blackwell will shortly contribute a series of articles on Welsh American Books, Welsh County Histories, etc. I 8 A WONDERFUL AMERICAN WORK ON WELSH GENEALOGY. Everything is done on a big scale " in the grand Eepublic over the water. Big "corners," terrific booms," immense "tracks" of railway, — aye, and smart, and some of them very "big" books, too. And we presume Welshmen, when they cross "the pond," are imbued with lofty ideas to be thoroughly carried out. We have before us a copy of a work on Welsh genealogy, written by Mr. Howard M. Jenkins (if not a native of Wales, descended from good old Cymric stock), — a work which for its thoroughness alone, to say nothing of its excellent and incisive literary style, well demands the prefixed adjective " wonderful." Only 250 copies of this particular book, a hand- some royal octavo of 408 pages, beautifully printed on old style paper with mediaeval long primer type, were issued to the American public, and we were fortunate in securing one of the copies. We believe the work was issued at 5 dollars : it is now priced at 10 to 12 dollars, and copies will certainly fetch a lot more yet. The full title is : " Historical Collections relating to " Gwynedd, a Township of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, " settled 1698, by Welsh Immigrants, with some data referring to " the adjoining Township of Montgomery, also a Welsh Settle- " ment. By Howard M. Jenkins, Member of the Historical " Society of Pennsylvania (a native of Gwynedd). Philadelphia, "Pennsylvania, 1884. Fern Brothers, Printers and Binders, "Wilmington, Del." "Gwynedd," as our readers know, was the ancient name for a tract of country ni North Wales, now split up into counties, and which ancient appellation has not only recently been revived in this particular American book, but in that painstaking record The Calendars of Gwynedd, compiled by two of our best antiquarians, both alas ! departed 4 (Mr. Wynne, of Peniarth, and Mr. E. Breese, of Portmadoc). Mr. Jenkins commences his work, wliicli is certainly one of the finest pieces of methodically arranged genealogical and parish history we have ever perused, with a very modest preface of two pages, in which he laments that the size of the work has dis- appointed him, he having reached the limit assigned it without exhausting the materials ready collected for it, and many subjects which he had intended treating fully had of necessity been treated briefly. The work contains 27 chapters, of which the following is a synopsis : — The Place ; the Scope of its History ; Kemarks upon the Geology of the Township ; Traces of the Indians ; the Arrival of the Welsh Settlers ; Edward Foulke's Narrative of his Eemoval (originally made in Welshy but translated into English by his grandson, Samuel Foulke) ; the Origin of the Township's Name ; Number of the First Settlers ; Growth of Population ; the First Settlers' Homes ; Personal Details ; Establishment of the Friends' Meeting ; Details concerning the Early Friends ; Narrative of John Humphrey, of Merion ; Early Monthly Meeting Eecords of Marriages ; other Lists of Marriages and Deaths ; Evans Family Genealogy ; Eoberts Family Genealogy ; Foulke Family Genealogy ; the Early Eoads in *' North Wales " and •'Gwynedd"; Early Settlers in Montgomery; Affairs before the Eevolution ; Gwynedd in the Midst of the Eevolution ; Sally Wister's Journal ; Eevolutionary Details ; Taxables in Gwynedd in 1776 ; the Boones, Lincolns, and Hanks ; St. Peter's Church ; Social Conditions among the Early Settlers ; Agriculture, Slaves, Schools, Hotels, Stores, etc. ; Genealogical Details concerning Early Families ; Bio- graphical Notices ; and the work concludes with a good Index. The statement of these chapter heads shows at once how thoroughly Mr. Jenkins has entered into his laborious task, and we can only say on the threshold that had Welsh families at home kept their pedigree particulars with the fullness that their emigrated brethren seem to have done from the very commence- 5 ment, Welsh genealogy would not have been the milk and water science it, too often, unfortunately is. The first portion of this wonderful volume deals with the history of the township of Gwynedd — "a parallelogram, contain- ing nearly seventeen square miles, and occupied by over three thousand people," and the method of the history deals with the Settlement of the Township (1698-1720), its Growth (1720- 1775), the Kevolutionary War and the part played by the Gwyneddites (1775-1783) ; then of the social, industrial, and political Changes which followed the Kevolution (1783-1820) ; and the fifth period treats of the Development and Culture of Gwynedd since 1820. Gwynedd was distinctly Welsh at the commencement, and consisted chiefly of Merionethshire folk. We are told that " two Welsh farmers, William John and Thomas ap Evan, representatives of a company of friends and neighbours in Wales who had decided to emigrate to Pennsyl- vania, were in Philadelphia at the end of the year 1697." Some fourteen years previously to this date there had been an emigration from North Wales on a large scale to what was called *'The Great Welsh Tract" (of 40,000 acres), which was set apart by William Penn for the Welsh settlers. Then one of the early Welsh Quaker ministers, Hugh Roberts, who was held in the highest esteem, happened to re-visit Wales in 1697, he having been one of the early emigrants who followed in the wake of William Penn, and to this visit to " the old country " our able author ascribes the rise and growth of Gwynedd township. In November, 1698, the township consisted of 66 persons, composed of nine Welsh families, Edward Foulke's family being the most numerous and the most important ysee p. 51). We are treated to extracts from an English translation of Edward Foulke's genealogy, he claiming descent from the "Lord of Penllyn " (see Nicholas's Counties and County Families of Wales, p. 678.) Foulke was a plain farmer himself, occupying the farm of Coed-y-foel, a part of the Ehiwlas estate, near Bala ; the farm is still known by the old name. Edward's grandson, Samue^ / 6 Foulke, was a member of the Colonial Assembly, 1761-68. But if we begin to particularise, we shall need a dozen articles to do full justice to Mr. Howard Jenkins's painstaking array of genealogy and interesting historical memoranda. The history of the first settlers is minutely entered into, and it was not long before Gwynedd became an important centre. The first settlers must have been men of immeasurable energy and dogged deter- mination — of the good old Puritan stock, — for we find that in a little more than 100 years the Gwynedd family had increased from 66 souls to 906 ; and in another 50 years (1850) to 1,571 ; and in 1880 to 3,412. Like Penn, it should be noted that the early settlers were Friends, members of which denomination were most cruelly persecuted by Queen Elizabeth and the voluptuous Stuarts. A small handful of men — " The Pilgrim Fathers" — were driven from hearth and home, and the result of that driving is the great giant Eepublic of America, owing allegiance, not to the Union Jack, but to the " Stars and Stripes." Stripes they had, poor fellows, but they also had the Star of Hope and Faith. In a future issue we hope to give a few extracts from "John Humphrey's Narrative," which graphically depicts the cruel sufferings of the Welsh Quakers at Welshpool. The part played by the Gwynedd settlers during the American Eevolution forms not the least interesting narrative in this charming volume (chapter xix. — Sally Wister's Journal," pp. 273-308). It is likewise pleasing to us as Welshmen to note the high positions attained by some of these Welsh exiles and , their descendants, not only in the councils of their nation, but in the arts and professions, the chapter of "biographical notices" detailing the same. (We may forage in this particular depart- ment of our historian's work on a future occasion.) The work has twelve illustrations, one half of them being portraits of early Gwynedd celebrities (Job Roberts, Charles Roberts, Joseph Foulke, Evan Jones, Charles F. Jenkins, etc.) Their physiog- nomy at once clearly establishes their Cymric descent. There is ?: beautiful steel portrait of General Hancock, who is also 7 descended from Welsh forefathers. A thoroughly good index makes up the sumptuous volume. We have several other distinctly American works on Wales and Welshmen, to which we hope to refer in due course. The Editor, Caxton House, Brecon. HENRY VAUGHAN, SILURIST. BOEN 1621-2. DIED 1695. Dear friend, who two long centuries ago Didst tread, where since my grandsires trod. Along thy devious Usk's untroubled flow, Breathing thy soul to God. Lewis Moeeis. Of the life of Henry Vaughan so little is known, on what is known so much ha§ been so well and so ably written, that it seems almost presumption to add anything to what has already appeared, and yet so few have access either to the original poems of the Silurist, or their re-issue, edited by Dr. Grosart, that there may be some, who will be interested by a short sketch of the uneventful life of one, whose poems are loved and admired by all thoughtful, cultivated minds in these later days, though neglected and ignored for nearly two centuries. The coldness and indifference shewn towards his works, the ignorance dis- played in this, his native, county, has often come to us with a sense of surprise and disappointment, his very existence being forgotten or unknown ! The most striking instance of this occurred some little time ago at the re-opening of the beautiful church of Llansaintfraed,''' when there was a large representative gathering of the clergy and laity of the neighbourhood, and in * This church is dedicated to Sancta Freda, Ffraed Lian, Bridget the Virgin or Saint Bride, as she is variously described. She lived in the seventh century, and her memory is more revered than that of any other Saint in the Principality, no less than nineteen churches being dedicated to her memory. 8 the course of several speeches made on that occasion no singh speaker mentioned the name of, or in any way referred to, Henry Vauyhan, who was born in that parish, who lived the greater part of a long life there, who dated most of his books from Newton by Usk, near Sketh-rock," whose devotion to Church and King breathes through all his writings, whose ashes lie in the churchyard close by his beloved Usk, as he in early years had anticipated ! But Isca, whensoe'r those shades I see, And thy loved arbours must no more know me, When I am layd to rest hard by thy streams, And my sun sets, where first it sprang in beams, Il'e leave behind me such a large, kind light, As shall redeeme thee from oblivion's night. Olor Iscanus, 1647. Verily a prophet hath no honour in his own country ! But the rarity of the original editions (and until lately of Mr. Lyte's book'''), and the limited number of Dr. Grosart's admirable workf ( which includes the ivhole of Henry Vaughan's poetical and prose writings collected for the first time, and published in 1871), has prevented the Silurisf^s genius being as fully known and appre- ciated in his native land as in the literary world. Therefore we make no further apology for the brief account of his life and works, which will appear in these pages, imperfect though it may be. Henry Vauglian, Silurist,| (as he describes himself, to distinguish him from others of his name and race) came of the ancient line of the Vaughans of Bredwardine and Tretwr, a * A revised edition of Henry Vaughan's Sacred Poems, with Memoir by Rev. H. r. Lyte, was published by Geo. Bell in 1883, as one of the Aldine Edition, and may be obtained of Mrs. Poole, High Street, Brecon. Price, 5s. t A new and complete edition of the wJiole of the Poetical Works of Henry and Thomas Vaughan is being prepared by Rev. A. B. Grosart. Only a limited number will be printed, and the Memoirs will contain much which has not appeared before. A Prospectus can be had on application to Miss Morgan, Buckingham Place, Brecon. X So named from his living in South Wales, the country inhabited by the Silures. 9 family who had wielded considerable power in the County of Brecon for many generations, having large possessions, and being connected with the families of Games and Herbert, whose influence with the House of Lancaster was very great. His direct ancestor, Sir Eoger Vaughan of Bredwardine, accompanied Henry V. in his expedition to France, and fell at the battle of Agincourt whilst defending the King. He had married Gwladys, daughter of Sir David Gam, and she subsequently married Sir William ap Thomas of Eaglan, by whom she had a son, William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Thus we find that she was the direct ancestress of George Herbert, the sweet singer" of The Temple," and of Henry Vaughan. Her efiigy lies beside that of Sir William ap Thomas on an altar tomb in the Herbert chapel in St. Mary's Church, Abergavenny. Her youngest son by Sir Eoger Vaughan was another Sir Eoger, of Tretwr, who fell at the battle of Danesmore, near Banbury, 26th July, 1469. His son. Sir Thomas Vaughan of Tretwr, was beheaded at Pomfret in 1483 for his fidelity to the young king, Edward V. (This is the Vaughan mentioned by Shakespeare in Richard III.) His descendant, William, Vaughan of Tretwr, married the Lady Frances Somerset, grand-daughter of Henry, Earl of Worcester, thus again connecting the houses of Eaglan and Tretwr. For many generations the Vaughans lived at Tretwr, in the parish of Llanfihangel-cwmdu (the Church of the Angel of the Dark Valley), moving, as times of peace succeeded to war, from the Castle to the Manor House. Thomas Vaughan, a younger son of Tretwr, and grandfather of the Silurist, settled at Newton, in the parish of Llansaintfraed, where the family remained until the end of the seventeenth century. It does not appear how Newton came into his possession — Is it possible that his wife brought it as her dowry ? — but there is no record of her name or any clue to her family. Of this Thomas Vaughan, a slight memorial has recently been discovered ; in taking down the church at Llansaintfraed in 1884, the workmen came 10 \ipon an old window-head in the south side of the building, bearing the date 1626," and the following initials: " E.G T.V W.T and T.D." The initials probably i-epresented the names of Edward Games, of Buckland, and Thomas Vaughan, of Newton, who might have been the church- wardens at that time, as both lived in the parish. Newton is now a farm-house, probably built out of the ruins and on the site of Henry Vaughan's birthplace, as local tradition affirms, that the older house was larger and better in every way. It is called Loiver Newton to distinguish it from Sir John Games' Newton near Brecon. Of the father of Henry and Thomas we know nothing but his name,''' and that he lived at Newton ; of his mother we know not even that. Here, where the valley widens (as the Usk winds onward under Pencelli Castle, past Scethrog and the Tower, the Norman Pichards' ancient home), where the soaring peaks of the Beacons form a background to the landscape, at the foot of the Allt, and within reach of the lake of Llyn Safaddan, somewhere about the years 1621-2, the Poet and his twin brother, Thomas, were born.f To those who have passed their lives amongst the Brecknock- shire hills and vales, it is needless to describe the scenes of surpassing loveliness which these names recall, and we cannot doubt that they influenced the minds of the young Vaughans, for never were poets cradled in natural surroundings of greater beauty. The brothers lived their earliest years at Newton, and throughout the poems of both we trace their strong affection for the river Usk and the mountains, for the birds and the flowers, for his own sweet fields " and " the painted shingle," which so * In a list of Brecknockshire Magistrates for 1620 his name appears, Henricus Vaughan." At that time there were only twenty -two justices of the peace for this coiinty. t The Rector of Llansaintfraed at this time was the Rev. John Perrott, whose tombstone is still to be seen in the chancel, with raised lettering, floreated cross, and the Perrott arms. He probably baptized the twins. He died in 1633, and in his will he gave to his son, John Perrott, clerk, his best poignard. 11 graphically describes the old red sandstone pebbles in the bed of the Usk— ** My clirystal Usk ! " Though all else has changed, the features of the country are much the same as they were two hundred years ago ; we, too, have seen the sun rise over Tirvoel, and have watched for the morning hue " — we, too, have Stolen abroad — it was high -spring", and all the way Primros'd and hung with shade. And we, as well as My worthy friend, Master T. Lewes, of Maesmawr," have Seen what a deep snow Candies our countrie's woody brow. The yielding branch his load scarce bears, Opprest with snow and frozen tears ; While the dumb rivers slowly float, All bound up in an icie coat. From references in Henry Vaughan's poems later, the brothers seemed to have passed a happy childhood, being early trained in the knowledge and fear of God ; we are especially reminded of lines addressed — " To the Holy Bible " — O Book ! Life's guide ! . . . . Thou wert the first put in my hand. When yet I could not understand ; And daily didst my young eyes lead To letters, till I learnt to read. From the writings of Thomas Vaughan, we learn, that at this time they spoke Welsh, English being acquired later. I would *• not have thee look here for the paint and trim of rhetorick, " and the rather because English is a language the author was not horn to.'' — From his Anthroposophia Theomagica, 1650. At the age of eleven Henry and Thomas Vaughan were sent to their kinsman, the Kev. Matthew Herbert, at Llangattock Eectory, for their education. He was a member of the family of Herbert of Crickhowel, and had been presented to Llan- gattock, in 1621, by his relation, Edward Somerset, Earl of Worcester. He was a devoted son of the Church, a loyal servant of the King, and when his quiet, studious hfe amongst the people he tended with pastoral care was disturbed by the rude thunders of civil war, he suffered imprisonment and loss, and died a few 12 months before the Restoration. Of his circumstances we know no more, but of the cultivation of his mind and the sweetness of his character we have frequent assurance from his pupils. They have both expressed in verse the affectionate gratitude they bore their tutor. The following is a translation, by the learned Dr. Grosart, of the (Latin) verse-dedication of the portion of Thalia Redidva, written by Thomas Vaughan : — Receive my first -fruits, 0 Herbert endear'd ! Receive thine own : for thou indeed them rear'd : My muse to follow thee is all unmeet, A painted rose beside a rose dew-wet : So too my honey from Hymettus brought Bears still the thymy flavour from thee caught. Dr. Grosart has also translated Henry Vaughan's Ad Fosterosy from which the following lines are taken, as they are of auto- biographical interest ; — Wales gave me birth, where Father Usk, Winds now in light and now in dusk, O'er-hung by the great mountains old, That fling their shadows manifold Far up the valleys ; and the sky Seems pillar' d by their majesty. Thence plac'd in gentle Herbert's care,— In learning ripe, a master rare — Six years I gathered classic lore, A nd by his skill rich spoils I bore : Two -fold his training — love and art, — That of the mind, this of the heart : Unwearied in brain and hand. Renown' d he stood in all the land, To Herbert's skill and love I owe Even what of worth I have. And again he has written : To a Reverend Man, formerly my Instructor, and ever-to-be-cherished master, Matthew Herbert* : — Matthew, that I had life I owe my sire, But that will pass, nor be remembered more : Thy gift is richer, since when breath is o'er, The fame I owe to thee shall not expire. Let master, then, and sire their charge divide, His be what passes. Mine what shall abide. At Llangattock Rectory (still on the banks of their beloved Usk) * Translated into English by the Rev. J. H. Clark, of West Dereham, in Norfolk. 13 the brothers remained for six years with the learned Herbert an5 his faithful wife Joan, until 1(J38, when they entered at Jesus College, Oxford.*' To he continued. GwENLLiAN E. F. Morgan. Brecon* LLOYD KENYON, CHIEF JUSTICE OF ENGLAND. Hot long ago it was solemnly declared that Wales has produced no great men. '^' Whether this is correct or not, is a point left for further consideration ; but there is little doubt that the Principality has furnished the legal and clerical professions with more than its proportion of capable and successful men, whose careers have been such as to warrant a certain confidential tone, observable amongst those who are of opinion that something good can emanate even from poor little Wales." Lloyd Kenyon was one of these. Born at Bryn, in 1732, in Hanmer parish, Flintshire, the second son of a country squire, he rose from the~low rank of a Welsh attorney to be Chief Justice of England for fourteen years. He was educated at the famous Kuthin Grammar School, afterwards articled to a solicitor at Nantwich, and then, by an accident, became a student of the Bar in 1750, and was called in 1756 at the Middle Temple. He cultivated, as many other great lawyers have done, law on a little oatmeal," and in spite of the practical disadvantages of limited resources and an imperfect provincial education, succeeded * Any information relating to this family will be gladly received. So many names of interest are missing, so little is known. A searcli amongst seventeenth century wills might throw much light on the alliances of Henry Vaughan and his father. From the parochial registers in the county there is little to expect, Theophilus Jones having gone over them carefully. The discovery of the Silurist's will would be of special importance. 14 by dint of hard work in seeing the oatmeal " make way for a more comfortable regimen. In his early years he found it very uphill work ; he rode the North Wales Circuit, and found the battle against fortune terrible, but not so terrible as to daunt an unflinching resolution to succeed. At that time the celebrated Dunning took Kenyon in hand, and employed him as his " devil," and the services rendered to the popular barrister were such as to induce the attorneys to consult Kenyon at first hand. Thus he became a great case-answerer, and one of the most precise and sensible draughtsmen of his time. Kenyon was decidedly Welsh in temperament, and a firm Cambro-Briton. Dunning insulted him seriously when, on being asked for a frank on a letter addressed to Flintshire, he added to the address : " North Wales, near Chester." Take back your frank, Sir — I "shall never ask you for another," was the reply. Afterwards Kenyon became a fag for Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who took a strong personal liking for him, and displayed his familiarity by calling him ever afterwards " Taffy." To Thurlow's humour Kenyon submitted wisely, for he was afterward appointed Chief Justice of Chester by his patron spontaneously. He was elected to Parliament for Hindon in 1780 ; he became counsel, in company with Erskine, for Lord George Gordon, who was tried for participating in the riots against Popery. Kenyon was no orator, and possessed none of that ready reasoning power which gives men the capacity to express thoughts with some degree of fluency ; and thus, were it not for the ability and eloquence of Erskine, the "glorious acquittal" of Gordon would have been otherwise described. In 1782 he was appointed Attorney- General, amidst considerable jealousy, for not only was he unsuited for Parliamentary work, but was a man of " notoriously anti-Whiggish principles," who was being repaid for former services rendered to lawyers of high position and repute. In this position he remained until the Coalition Ministry, and took part in many fights and " scenes," which, oddly enough, were enacted then, as now, in the Commons. In 1784 he was \ \ 15 appointed Attorney-General under Pitt, and retained his connec- tion with Wales by going on Circuit as a Welsh Judge. In this capacity he sat in the celebrated case of the Dean of St. Asaph, who was charged with circulating and publishing a pamphlet written by another celebrated Welshman (Sir William Jones). This contained a doctrine that the jury are judges of the law, as well as of the fact, in a case of libel. Erskine travelled down to Denbigh to represent the accused, and the trial was postponed, after strenuous opposition by the Dean, until the Great Sessions, whence it was removed to Shrev/sbury Assizes, and became notorious for the remarkable fight there between Justice Buller and Erskine. In 1784 Kenyon was appointed Master of the Bolls, and purchased the return of the Borough of Tregony. In Wales his reputation became so considerable that he was able to influence the election returns in the North ; but at this time he got into trouble over the Westminster Election, and received uncomfortable attention from Fox, who described him as a " person of a solemn demeanour, who, with great diligence and "exertion in a very respectable and learned profession, has ''raised himself to considerable eminence — a person who fills "one of the first seats of justice in this kingdom, and who has *-* long discharged the functions of a Judge in an inferior sphere." Kenyon was afterwards made a Baronet, and was so much the mark of public criticism that the " Kolliad " was dedicated to him. In that dedication the following sentence is contained : " You taught them to reverence that holy thing, the conscience, " and exertion of a returning officer, above all law, precedent, ** analogy, public expediency, and the popular right of represen- " tittion, to which our fathers erroneously paid religious respect." Politics brought him no credit, for he was utterly unfit for comprehending its mysterious influences and sentiments, so he gave up active participation in the keen struggles of his day, and devoted himself to the Kolls with such success as to win approval afterwards from Lord Eldon. On the retirement of Lord 16 Mansfield, in 1788, Sir Lloyd Kenyon was made Baron Kenyon of Gredington, and Chief Justice of England. In the House of Lords, in 1789, he strongly opposed the Bill to prevent vexatious suits for small tithes, saying " he could not consider it any oppres- " sion that persons should be imprisoned for sums as low as one " shilling, for if any were so obstinate as to refuse the payment " of legal dues, the law ought to be enforced." Again, he opposed Fox's Libel Bill, and altogether displayed little anxiety in improvement of the law in any particular direction. In his capacity as a Common Law Judge, he did so well that Campbell finds it possible to moderate his severe criticism of his career, and says that *' his thorough acquaintance with his ** craft, his intuitive quickness in seeing all the bearings of the " most complicated case, and his faculty of at once availing *' himself of all his legal resources, gave him a decided advantage over competitors, who were elegant scholars and embellished "by scientific acquirements. He had a most earnest desire to " do what was right ; his ambition was to dispose satisfactorily " of the business of his Court, and to this object he devoted his " undivided energies." In the many celebrated political trials which were subsequently held before him, the Chief Justice not only displayed an ungovernable temper and want of courtesy, but also a decided bias in a direction which need no longer be dwelt upon here. But his marked ability was not hidden, and he displayed that matter-of-fact turn of mind which had helped him so much in early life. His reputation for political toleration is not considerable, and it is hardly to be expected that he would express any of those opinions which were the avowed sentiments of the popular party at that time. In the cause of morality and prevention of vice in high places, Kenyon took an active part, and threatened the '* first ladies in the land " with the pillory, if they should be brought before him on a charge of gaming. When Home Tooke appeared before him, however, he treated Kenyon with such contempt and impudence that the latter was It completely subdued and mastered. At the conclusion of a long, wasteful, and irritating defence, Horne Tooke addressed the jury in the following terms : — " Now, gentlemen, having proved to **you how a Judge may be made courteous and quiet, and may *'be taught to confine himself to the discharge of his proper ^'duties in this place, &c." Lord Kenyon became popular for being a strenuous antagonist of forestallers and regraters " — a class of middle- men whose appearance is generally identical with the existence of a Protective policy, and whose tactics have been sufficiently dealt with by Dr. Adam Smith : At that time the cry was as ** strong for Protection against Forestallers as it has more recently been for Protection against Foreign Importation, and so general was the agitation that corn-merchants were in great "danger of being torn to pieces by judge-led mobs." Against these Lord Kenyon waged incessant warfare. Li a charge at the Guildhall he delivered the following remarkably broad opinions : "It frequently becomes the duty of juries in this place to decide causes where the interests of individuals are " concerned, but a more important duty is imposed upon you " to-day. This cause presents itself to your notice on behalf of " all ranks — rich and poor — but more especially the latter. Though in a state of society, some must have greater luxuries " and comforts than others ; yet all should have the necessaries " of life ; and if the poor cannot exist, in vain may the rich look ^* for happiness or prosperity." He suffered a serious defeat in a ease wherein his opinion was overruled by the other judges, and this, as well as the premature death of his favourite and eldest son, hastened his death, which took place on the 4th of April, 1802, at Bath. He was buried in the parish of Hanmer, where there is a monument and effigy, with an inscription recording his offices and career. He was an amiable man in his private relations, and a good friend to students in his Court. It is said of him that he was in the habit of carrying the record to the students and explaining the issues which the jury were to / 18 try. His second son contributed the following estimate of his father's character: ''He has left a name to which the family " will look up with affectionate and honest pride, and which his " countrymen will remember with gratitude and veneration, as "long as they shall continue duly to estimate the great and " united principles of religion, law, and social order. No Welsh- " man ever exhibited more eminently the traits of . Cambria— warmth of heart and sincerity of character.*' There are many good stories told of him, as there are of nearly every prominent judge or lawyer. The Bar is a pro- fession which affords unlimited opportunities for the manufacture, as well as the repetition, of " good things," and, perhaps, many of the tales related concerning Lord Kenyon may be set down to malicious invention, as well as being based on fact. Campbell says he was curiously economical about the adornment of his head. He had two hats and two wigs — of the hats and wigs one was dreadfully old and shabby, and the other comparatively spruce. He always carried into Court with him the very old hat and the comparatively spruce wig, or the very old wig and the comparatively spruce hat. On the days of the very old hat and the comparatively spruce wig he shoved his hat under the bench, and displayed his wig ; but on the days of the very old wig and the comparatively spruce hat he always coiitinued covered. He decidedly possessed the economical instinct. He died worth a quarter of a million : not a bad sum to have amassed in his profession. He lived a secluded life in Lincoln's-inn-Fields, relieving the routine by removing to a house near Richmond over Sundays, and it is said that his tumble-down farmhouse at that place was guarded by a half-starved Welsh terrier, which was elevated into a higher order of the canine race when the following lines were applied to the establishment : — Benighted wanderers the forest o'er Cursed the saved candle and unopened door, While the gaunt mastiff, growling at the gate, Affrights the beggar, whom he longs to eat ! The character of Lord Kenyon is one which cannot be said 19 to be wholly satisfactory to Welshmen. Deficient in early education, devoid of those broad and tolerant views which are to-day more common than they were at that time, and possess- ing, in an exaggerated degree, the undoubted foibles of the Celtic race, Kenyon was hardly a great man, and decidedly not a representative Welshman ; but it is questionable whether he was worse than many of his contemporaries, predecessors, or suc- cessors in the distinguished offices which he held at different times. To apply our conceptions of what should be the qualities of a good judge to the circumstances of life one hundred years ago is a difficult and uncertain task, but out of the fuller record of his life and career I think that one great lesson may safely be learned, and that is — that ability and perseverance, in any walk of life, will enable other Welshmen to attain the supreme position which is the object of their ambition. There will always be another consideration — namely, whether the struggle for worldly success may not bring with the sweets of success the doubtings of an uneasy conscience. Ivor Bowen, A FAMOUS DICTIONARY BY A WELSHMAN. James Howel the Courtier, born at Llangammarch, Brecon- shire, was a voluminous writer, his Familiar Letters having passed through thirteen editions. Perhaps the rarest of his books is the Tetraglotton Dictionary, in folio. On each page of this work there are four columns, and on each four different languages appear, viz. : English, French, Spanish, and Italian, so that the eye at one glance can consult four languages written on the same page opposite one another. The Dictionary was published six years before Howel' s death. The title of the work is: "Dictionary: English [i.e., Saxon and Welsh), French, Italian, and Spanish Dictionary, with Diharebion Cymraeg, 20 British or Old Cambrian Proverbs, never English, and divers never before Published. By James Howel, 1660." The original edition of this unique work is a thick folio, with a beautiful frontispiece by Faithorne. It is a very rare work, and we saw one priced the other day at £2 12s. 6d. The Welsh Proverbs are dedicated to Lord Eichard, Earl of Carbery, at his Palace in Golden Grove (Carmarthenshire). The work also contains a letter from Eichard Owen to Howel, the latter being indebted to Owen for some British Proverbs. The Earl Carbery mentioned above was the companion of Howel at Madrid. Howel, in his Letters, writing to his cousin, Thomas Gwyn, of Trecastle, says : Mr. Vaughan, of Golden Grove, and I were comrades and bed-fellows many months together." Howel died in 1666, and was buried in the Temple Church, London. Wood, in his Athen. Oxon., gives a list of between fifty and sixty of James Howel's writings. (See Poole's Brecknockshire y p. 298 ; Bed Dragon, vol. iii., pp. 97 — 110.) The Editor. THE HISTORY OF ANGLESEA ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. We have an old royal quarto, in boards, consisting of 88 pages, which professes to give a supplemental history of this interesting island to that given to the world by Eowland (Mojia Antiqua Bestaurata). We intend making excerpts for the pages of our new magazine. The author, whose name is not appended to the work, observes in his preface that however copious and judicious his (Eowland's) discussion on the state of the Druids " may be, his topography is certainly defective, as more general "than local, and wanting that imagery of description which " renders all history intelligible and plain." The full title of the work before us is : ''A History of the Island of Anglesey, from "its first Invasion by the Romans, until finally acceded to the 21 Crown of England : together with a distinct description of the " Towns, Harbours, Villages, and other Eemarkable Places in " it ; and of several Antiquities relating thereto never before ''made public: serving as a Supplement to Eowland's ]\Iona Antiqua Piestaurata. To which are also added Memoirs of " Owen Glendowr : who in the reign of Henry IV. claimed the *' Principality of Wales, as Heir to Llewelin last Prince thereof. " Transcribed from a MS. in the Library of Jesus College, ** Oxford : to which are subjoined. Notes Historical and Illustrative. The whole collected from Authentic Kemains. ''London: Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mali, mdcclxxv. " [1775.]" THE WELSH GOLD FEVER OF TO-DAY. The Gold Fever in Merionethshire in 1862 — twenty-five years ago — is not yet forgotten. Companies without end were incorporated, and on one of the " boards" — Castell Carn Dochan — John Bright and the late Prince in Wales sat in peace, in the hope, no doubt, that they were laying the foundation of colossal fortunes. An excellent and racy account of " the fever" appeared in London Society (July, 1869), by the late Mr. Askew Eoberts, and he observes " nothing was thought of by day, or dreamed of by night, but Gold ! and gold ! and gold without end, Grold to lay by, and gold to spend, Gold to give, and gold to lend, And reversions of gold in fxduroy Merionethshire then possessed no end of gold mines, among the number : the Vigra and Clogau, where was found a " bunch" of gold worth £36,000 ; the Prince of Wales ; the Saint David ; the East Cambrian ; the Sovereign ; in fact, there were more com- panies than nuggets of gold. Mr. Askew Eoberts relates a chat he had with a police ofi&cer in Dolgelly. "Ah, sir," said an intelligent police officer to me one iiiglit, "if they had looked in their Bibles " they would have found that gold was not to be discovered like " other metals. Don't you know, sir, it says in Job, there is a vein for silver, and a place for the gold ? so we are not led to expect " to follow it up as we can some other minerals." And so the Welsh gold company people found that the shrewd police officer was right. We trust Mr. Prit chard-Morgan will be more successful in his 1888 discoveries. May the wise " saw " be reversed : " AH is gold that glitters." THE GUESTS, OF DOWLAIS, The Guests are an old Shropshire family, hailing from Broseley, the members of which have at various times migrated to other places. The name appears in the parish register froria 1674, but it occurs otherwise at earlier dates. John Guest wa^ born at Broseley, 1522 ; and his son Andrew resided there in 1550, and was buried there, 1609. The Guests' were connected with other old families : by marriage, with that of Huxley (1602), with that of Haddon (1630), with that of Pugh (1660), with that of Harrison (1658), with that of Yates (1668), with that of Hartshorne, at Benthall (1683), with that of Mayor (1696), with that of Wilmore (1746), with that of Phillips (1777), with that of Beard (1736), with that of Easthope (1729), Firmstone (1774), and those of Wright, Onions, Davenport, and many others, including those of the Earl of Lindsey, and the present Duke of Marlborough ; the present Lord Wimborne (formerly Sir Ivor Guest) being son of the late Sir . John Josiah Guest, whose father went from Broseley to South Wales, and founded the Dowlais Works, which brought in £80,000 a year. John Josiah Guest was created baronet 30th June, 1838, 23 The anecdote of Lady Guest, wife of the late Sir John, the wealthy ironmaster of South Wales, told by Eoebuck, in his History of the Whigs, is probably familiar to the reader. Her ladyship, it is said, during one of her brilliant receptions, sur- rounded by highest rank and peerless beauty, was informed that an anticipated messenger had arrived from Monmouth. " Ask him to come in," said her ladyship ; and booted and spurred, with the mud of the roads and the dust of the " coal-hole," as she facetiously termed the Welsh iron-works, the agent was ushered into the room, with a long tin case containing a statement of accounts for the year. A bevy of beauties, with heads gleaming with diamonds, crowded round, wondering at the cabalistic features in red and black that appeared upon the document. Eapidly running through the figures under the respective heads, income and expenditure, and mentally calculating the profits, she repeated half aloud — Three hundred thousand pounds, three hundred thousand pounds"; and in answer to inquiries, astonished the eager group around her by informing them that the net profits from the "coal-hole" for the year amounted to the princely sum just mentioned. It was coal and iron that gave Sir John his position, the affix " M.P." to letters he received, and his frank to those he sent. EISTEDDFODIC ITEMS OF SIXTY-FIVE YEARS AGO. There can be no question about it, the "classes and the professions " in Wales thought Eisteddfodau much more "fashionable" and "the correct thing to go in for" half a century ago than obtains to-day. Five and sixty years ago Wales and Monmouthshire were in unison on eisteddfodau matters. Not only did the old Cymmrodorion and Cambrian Institutions put forth a vigorous Hfe in behalf of W^elsh music and literary art, but there existed then the Cambrian Society 24 of Gwent (taking in the counties of Brecon, Glamorgan, Mon- mouth, and Eadnor) ; the manuscript copy of its work we have before us for the 1822 Meeting. There were also the Cambrian Society of Dyfed, of Powys, of Gwynedd— four quasi- national institutions. The patrons of the Society in Gwent included the Duke of Beaufort ; the Bishops of St. David's, Llandaff, and Hereford ; the Marquises of Camden, Bute, Worcester ; Earls Talbot, Oxford, Ashburnham, Abergavenny, Plymouth, Brecknock, Jersey, and Kadnor ; Lords Hereford, Dynevor, Eodney, Granville Somerset, William Somerset, James Stuart, and Harley; and Archdeacons and M.P.'s almost without end. The President of the Cambrian Society in Gwent was Sir Charles Morgan, Bart., M.P., the first Lord Tredegar ; of the Dyfed Society, the late Lord Dynevor ; of the Powys Society, the Sir Watkin of his day ; and of the Gwynedd Society, the Most Noble the Marquis of Anglesey. Eisteddfodau of more recent years — although we are glad to see things are reverting again to their former condition — has centred its force on great "singing matches," therefore it is refreshing to see that our ancestors were more in sympathy with the deeper instincts that now find favour in Welsh nationalistic circles — we use the word nationalistic in its educating and cultured sense only. The following extract from the Gwent Society's rules will show the high standard set for eisteddfodau literature sixty-five years back : — That the committee be requested to direct its efforts towards further promoting the objects of this Society, particu- "larly by collecting and preserving ancient British manuscripts, and by encouraging such communications as may contribute to ^ throw a light on the history, antiquities, general literature, " and manners of the ancient British nation, and such modern '* productions of merit as may bear relation to the Cymry." Another resolution is worth preserving : — " That this meet- *' ing recommend to the notice of the members of this Society *• the following works, either in the Welsh language or the •* Welsh literature \ — Horce Britannim (by the late Kev. John 25 ** Hughes, of Brecon, who was present at these meetings) ; ** Gwaith Pridyddaui (Huw Morris) ; the Welsh Melodies (edited " both by the late Mr. Edward Jones and Mr John Parry^i ; also •'the Life of Owen Glyndivr (by the Eev. Thomas Thomas); " Cyftinach y Beirdd, edited by lolo Morgan wg ; the Eev. Walter •* Davies's (" Gwalter Mechain") prize essay at Carmarthen " Eisteddfod on the Bardic Institutes of Carmarthen and ** Glamorgan (then about to be published) ; and the defunct ''monthly publication. The Camhro- Briton.'' In another issue we may glance at some of the competitive subjects, premising at once that they will bear favourable comparison with the items generally found on more modern "national programmes." IN MEMORIAM, 1887. Recent years have been very disastrous to " Eminent Welshmen." We could record quite a long list of good men and true who were with us one decade back, but are now gone from this world of sense for evermore. Sir Bartle Frere, " Hiraethog," Brinley Richards, Sir Hugh Owen, Dr. Thomas Rees, of Swansea, just enter the memory on the spur of the moment. And the year 1887 — the year of Jubilee, has also found us in the house of mourning. We have lost Mr. Roland Phillips, author of The Civil Wars in Wales, and other works ; Mr. Dan Isaac Davies, B.Sc, of Cardiff, a Nationalist in the truest and broadest sense of the word ; the venerable Dr. Lewis Edwards, Principal of Bala Calvinistic Methodist College (father of the Principal of the University College, Aberystwith) ; Ceiriog Hughes, the Welsh Burns ; John Jones, of Manchester ("Idris Vychan"); "Idrisyn" (Rev. John Jones), one of the most successful translators from Saxon into the vernacular ; the Chevalier Lloyd, of Clochfaen (M.A., K.S.G.), author of those delightful volumes, History of the Princes of Powys Fadog ; and 26 Ilowiand Hugh Pritchard, writer of many Welsh hymn composi- tions. Other ''men of mark" who have been connected with the Principahty include the first Editor of Punch, Mr. J. Mayhew, who with his brother resided at Builth for some years ; M. Maurice Strakosch, the musical impressario, and trainer of Madame Patti ; Dr. Thring, headmaster of Uppingham School ; Sir George Macfarren, Mus. Doc,, adjudicator at National Eisteddfodau, etc. WELSH NOTES. NOTES, AN EXPENSIVE BOKOUGH ELECTION AT J^LINT.— Sir John Glynne, who died in 1777, spent £35,000 on the contest fought with Sir George Wynne, of Leeswood, Bart., — and lost the election to boot ! FLINTSHIKE JUSTICES— 1680.— Isaac, Lord Bishop of St. Asaph ; Sir George Jefferies ; George Johnstone, Esq. ; Sir John Salisbury, Bart. ; Sir Koger Mostyn, Bart. ; Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight ; Sir John Hanmer, Knight ; Sir John Trevor, Knight, one of his Majesty's Counsel, learned in the Law ; Sir Thomas Hanmer, Knight ; Sir Kenrick Eyton, Knight ; Eobert Powell, Doctor of Divinity ; Kenrick Eyton the younger. Attorney- General for the County ; William Price, Mutton Davies, Thomas Hanmer de la Fons, Edward Kavenscroft, William Mostin, William Griffith, Eobert Whiteley, Eoger Whiteley, John Salisbury, Thomas Lloyd, William Hanmer, Eichard Parry, Thomas Evans, Thomas Cratchley, William Eutter, Owen Barton, Thomas Griffith of Carewys, Thomas Eyton of Lees-wood, John Wynne, Edward Penant, Thomas Edwards of Ehyoal, John Broughton, John Salisbury, Esquires. ^7 THOMAS FKOST'S " FOKTY YEAES' RF.COLLEC- TIONS." — I send you an extract from this remarkable book, published in 1880, bearing upon the Chartist Riot at Newport, Monmouthshire : — " John Frost (says the writer j was deeply implicated in the " conspiracy, and had the chief direction of the movement in his " own pare of the country. He was the prmcipal draper in Newport, a man of good rej)ute, and one of the Monmouthshire " justices, until he was deprived of the commission by Lord John *' Eussell, on account of the active part which he had taken in " the agitation for parliamentary reform. On the day fixed for the outbreak, he led a large body of working-men, chiefly miners, into Newport, and attacked the Westgate Inn, which *' was held by a company of infantry hurriedly sent to the spot. The outbreak failed ; and I have been assured that to that " failure the collapse of the well-concerted scheme of rebellion •* was due, as the Birmingham conspirators were awaiting news *' of success at Newport, the receipt of which would have been " the signal for insurrection in all the towns of the midland and *' northern counties." The working-men of Wales, in common with their English brethren, have learnt more peaceful ways of " agitating " than obtained in the early days after the passing of the first great Reform Bill in 1832. After Newport, there was a lull in the Chartist agitation. Demos. THE FLINTSHIRE MILITIA.— When the Duke of Beaufort made his triumphal Progress through Wales in 1684 as Lord President, Dineley, the scribe who accompanied his Grace, has left behind some very interesting memorials of the various county regiments of Militia. Of the Flintshire contingent Dineley writes ; " The Flintshire Troop was led by Sir John Hanmer, Bart., an excellent horse officer, "whose equipage, sumpters, led horses caprisoned, etc., were "noble, and altogether like a soldier being so mounted himself." (Historic Xotices of Flint, p. 147.) The Militia of Flintshire consisted of five companies of foot in 1684. That commanded by Sir Roger Mostyn " was all clothed in red, lined with red " broad belts and white sashes, red stockins, and new hatts 23 " edged and turned up on the side with buttons, at his own "charge .... being his own servants .... and are paid by him. . . . These the old Colonell, Sir Roger, " exercised in various figures before his Grace, which they performed with great exactitude, and their volleys and fireings " were second to none of the former." {Royal Monmouthshire Militia, p. 15.) In 1760 the Flintshire Militia were marched to Carmarthen, passing through Oswestry on New Year's Day. They reached Carmarthen on January 8th, numbering all told 163 persons. MEMOEIAL TO A BRECKNOCKSHIRE WORTHY IN LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL.— In an elaborately sculptured recess in the wall near the northern doorway of Llandaff Cathedral is a monument erected to the memory of a distin- guished member of the Llwynmadoc family. The monument consists of a black marble horizontal slab with an inlaid cross of reddish coloured stone, and a tablet of white marble at the back of the recess, the tablet bearing the following eulogistic inscription : — In Memory of Heney Thomas, of Llwynmadoc, in Brecknocksliire, Esquire, For Eighteen Years Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Quarter Sessions In this County. This Monument is erected by The Magistrates of the County, the Practitioners in its Courts, and many private Friends, In grateful acknowledgment of his Public Services, and in sorrovrful recollection of his many Social Qualities. He was the eldest son of Evan Thomas, of Llwynmadoc, Esquire, Who filled for many years the same Honorable Offices. Born in London, 16th January, 1808, Educated at "Westminster, and St. John's, Cambridge. He died suddenly, at Dover, 24th December, 1863. The subject of the memorial was the father of the present repre- sentative of the family — Miss Clara Thomas, of Llwynmadoc. It may be mentioned that above the recess is a three-light stained glass memorial window to the memory of Evan Llewelyn Thomas (the son of the above named Henry Thomas), who died 23rd February, 1864. Cardiff. T. ap W. 29 A NOTABLE WELSH TRIAL.— I have seen a quarto pamphlet, printed by Robert Raikes, at Gloucester, in the year 1770, and published by J. Evans, of Carmarthen, and other booksellers, giving a full account of the trial of the persons charged with the murder of William Powell, Esq., of Glanareth, in the parish of Llangaddock, in the county of Carmarthen. The murder was committed on the 10th of January, 1770, in the Squire's own parlour at Glanareth. The principal murderer, William Williams, mercer, of Llandovery, who stabbed Mr. Powell in the breast with an old sword, was still at large when the trial of his accomplices took place at Hereford Assizes, on Wednesday, the 28th of March, 1770, before Sir Joseph Yates, Knt., and Mr. Baron Perrott. The prisoners were: William Spiggott {alias Spickett), John Spiggott [alias Spickett), William Morris, William Thomas [alias Blink), David Morgan [alias Lacy), William Walter Evans, Charles David Morgan, William Charles, and David Llewellin (nine persons). The result of the trial was that William Spiggott, William Morris, David Morgan, Walter Evans, Charles David Morgan, and David Llewellin were found guilty of the capital charge. The other prisoners (John Spiggott, William Thomas, and William Charles) were acquitted. The pamphlet concludes : ** On Friday, about twelve o'clock, the condemned men were *' conveyed to execution by the Sheriff, and between one and " two they were all turned off. Morris was so deeply affected that he fell into a fit, and was totally senseless when he came " to the gallows, where he was obliged to be held up whilst the "halter was placed around his neck; Spiggott's concern was about the disposal of his body, which he begged might be buried in a churchyard ; they all submitted to their sentence " with much resignation ; David Morgan made a speech in " Welsh to the spectators, warning them by his own untimely end how they listened to the persuasions of bad men, and ** suffered the artifices of such seducers to draw them aside from the plain path of virtue. Four of them were delivered to the 50 surgeons for dissection, and two are hung in chains in some " part of the county of Hereford." This murder created quite sensation in the Principahty. The Editor. QUERIES, AGEICULTUKAL SOCIETIES IN WALES.— Will some reader kindly give a list of these societies, when established, and the area of the districts worked upon ? Agricola, THE VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT IN WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE (1859).— It would be valuable and inte- resting to have records (short and to the point) regarding the date and circumstances attending the establishment of the first volunteer company in each county of Wales and Monmouthshire. Will some Volunteer, who has kept records, kindly oblige ? Defensio. BIBLIOGRAPHY. NOTES. A VERY AMBITIOUS WORK.~I have before me a four-page quarto prospectus of a proposed work on British Archaeology. The prospectus bears no date, but must belong to the early part of the eighteenth century. The work was to be published in four octavo volumes at 24s. the set, as soon as five hundred subscribers were enrolled. It was not only to contain our Ancient, Mediaeval, and Antiquarian History, but an account of the Ancient British Tongue, "now called the Welsh Language, the Mother Tongue and Root of many, if not of **■ all the Languages of Europe, ancient or modern, and is now 81 "the Living Language of many Thousands in this Island." It was also to deal with our Wars, Laws, Religion, Manners, and Customs, including many useful Informations never before pub- "lished, founded on the best and most undoubted Authorities, authentic Histories, many valuable ancient as well as modern Manuscripts, found in the public as well as in the private *' Libraries of the curious, with Divers Observations, all arranged *' with the utmost care, in an exact systematical method." The author (modest man !) expresses his belief that the work would be requisite to complete the education of British Youth, etc. And he winds up : " Being an original Work, the Labour and Study of several years. ' The following is the title : Proposals *' for Printing (by subscription) the British Archaeology : or, The ^* Cambro-Briton's Library. Dedicated to His Royal Highness, George, Prince of Wales. With an Address to the Illustrious Chieftains, the Nobility and Gentry in Wales, the Most " Venerable and Learned Society of the Cymmrodorion in *' London, and many of the English Nobility and Gentry ; in Acknowledgment of their Favours, and their auspicious *' Encouragement to complete and further the Publication of ^* this Work. By T. Jeffreys, V.D.M., of Walsall, Staffordshire." The three remaining pages of the prospectus are taken up with a minute description of the various parts of the work, as follows : Part I. — The most probable and authentic History of the Ancient Britons. Part II. — A Dissertation on the Welsh Language. Part III. — A new and copious Gomerian, Celtic, or Welsh Grammar. Part IV. — A new and copious Etymological Welsh- English Dictionary. Part V. — A new and copious Etymological English-Welsh Dictionary. Who was the Rev. T. Jeffreys, and did he ever publish this stupendous work ? On the back of the copy of the proposal before me is the name " Hugh Penry, Esq., Llwynkintevin, Breconshire," an ancestor of John Penry the Martyr. The Editor. 52 QUERIES. THE " MABINOGION."— Lady Guest published an English edition of this well-known series of early M.SS. I saw it stated somewhere that her Ladyship published '* other works." Did these *' other works " relate to Wales, and if so, what were they ? DOWLAIS. THE SALUSBURY LIBRAEY.— I understood that the above unique library was sold some few years ago to the South Wales and Monmouthshire University. What has the University Council done in the way of providing a suitable home for this truly national collection, and can any bibliographer inspect the books, and where ? Has the collection been catalogued ? Cann's Bible. JAMES HOWEL'S WORKS.— I shall be glad if some one who takes an interest in books written by eminent Welsh authors, would kindly supply to this magazine a full and complete catalogue of the works published by James Howel, author of Familiar Letters (born at Llangammarch, Brecknockshire, and brother to Bishop Howel, of Bristol). His Familiar Letters went through numerous editions. I have a copy of the sixth edition, published as early as 1688. Alpha. FIRST EDITIONS OF WELSH BOOKS.— I shall be glad if those who make a special study of catalogues of book sales, will kindly note the disposal of any first editions of famous Welsh works (whether in English or the vernacular), and the prices they fetch, especially historical and biographical works. I know that a few years ago a well-bound copy of Meyrick's Cardiganshire was bought for 30s. ; the same volume will now fetch from £3 10s. to £4 4s. The Americans seem to be buying up all our old works. Teify. 83 A WELSH DICTIONAKY FEINTED AT BRISTOL 125 YEARS AGO.— The British or Welsh and English Dictionary, containing some Thousands of British Words, also *• a Collection of Proverbs, by Thomas Richards. Thick octavo. '* Printed at Bristol, 1753." A good many Welsh works were printed at Shrewsbury and Bristol about the middle of the eighteenth century. It would be interesting to enquire how many (if any) printers there were in Wales and Monmouthshire in the year 1750 ? Who was this Thomas Richards ? A Welsh Dictionary was published in the year 1798 by William Richards, LL.B. (see Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 454). A summar- ized history of all Welsh Dictionaries and Grammars would be useful, and interesting to a certain extent. Lex. WELSH LITERARY AND ART NOTES. The Rev. Glanffrwd Thomas has commenced to write a series of articles on Welsh Customs, etc., for the Weekly Mail, published at Cardiff. Mr. Henry W. Lucy, formerly editor of the London Daily News, has recommenced to write his newsy and chatty •* London Letter" to the South Wales Daily News, Mr. T. H. Thomas, R.C.A., gave a popular lecture at Cardiff (under the auspices of the local Cymmrodorion Society) on January 13th ; subject, " The Elements of Art." In a literary review on The Stories of the Nations (in the Spectator), we read : ♦* The Welsh are Celts, but the thiftiest of peoples, and one of the most comfortable." Indeed ! The late Professor Bonamy Price, Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, was an old pupil o f the Rev. Charles Bradley, formerly Vicar of Glasbury, Breconshire. 84 It may not be generally known that the late Professor of Theology in Carmarthen College (Eev. William Morgan) " was " in the habit of writing his sermons in English, and preaching them in Welsh." A silver Jubilee medal has been conferred upon Mr Lewis Morris, the poet, with the permission to wear it on all public occasions, in recognition of the ode which he composed for the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the Imperial Institute, and which was set to charming music by Sir Arthur Sullivan. The publication of a small volume, entitled Uppingham School Songs and Borth Lyrics, by the late estimable Kev. E. Thring, recalls the wonderful business energy and capacity of one of the ablest masters of our great public schools. Uppingham School was removed, bag and baggage, boys and masters, from Uppingham to Borth, at very short notice, on account of an out- break of fever. And at Borth the school was successfully carried on for several terms. Borth Lyrics is one of the results. The author of another book of the season is in some measure connected with Wales. We refer to Dean Bradley, who has just issued from the press a volume of Lectures on the Book of Job, delivered in Westminster Abbey. A thorough and appreciatory review of the work appeared in the Spectator a week or two ago. It may not be generally known that Dean Bradley's father was for some years Yicar of St. Peter's, Glasbury, Brecknockshire, and it ia very probable that the Dean himself was born in Wales. The Dean's father, the Eev. Charles Bradley, was a famous preacher, and there is an odd volume of his Sermons, with the preface dated ''Glasbury, Brecknockshire, December 20th, 1826," that fetches a good price when met with. The usual experience is that one can enter a second-hand bookseller's store, and take home a bushel of sermons for the expenditure of a shilling or two. But not so with the late Vicar of Glasbury's Sermons. In two years the volume reached a fourth edition, and stray copies now fetch a good figure. 85 At a I'ecent meeting of the Carnarvon Town Council, the committee charged with the erection of a memorial to the late Sir Hugh Owen, reported that they had decided a statue should be placed at Castle Square (the exact spot to be selected by the sculptor, Mr. Milo Griffith), that it be surrounded by rows of chains or iron railings, and that the pedestal be of Anglesey marble or Llanaelhaiarn granite. A new monthly, Echoes of the Month, published by the Finsbury Park (London) Y.M.C.A., gives a very good portrait of their president, Mr. E. C. Morgan (Messrs Morgan and Scott), editor of The Christian. It may not be generally known that Mr. Morgan's father was in business as a printer at Brecon, South Wales, subsequently removed to Abergavenny, where he carried on the business of printer and stationer. Mr. Morgan has shown his interest in the Principality by becoming one of the first subscribers to Old Welsh Cmps." The patriarchal old bard, " Eobyn Ddu Eryri," aged 83, is said to be living in great distress for want of the common comforts of life, at Ludlow, Salop. Will some of the modern literary and musical leviathans of Cambria note this, and we hope will send poor old " Eobyn " a '* sub." It appears that the support given to Mr. Gwenogfryn Evans's Series of Welsh Texts is by no means what it should be. Mr. Evans, with rare disinterestedness, however, perseveres in his self-imposed task. He has in the binders' hands the second volume of the Series, being a facsimile reproduction of The Black Book of Carmarthen, which will be invaluable to students of Welsh Literature. It is stated that the amount still owing to the treasurer of the London Eisteddfod Fund is upwards of £500. Towards this deficiency, guarantees have been received to the amount of £440. Unless the remaining balance of £60 be made up from other sources, it will have to be paid by the officials who had the management of the eisteddfod. S6 The Dean of Llandaff, who has not preached m Westminstei* Abbey for six years, the last occasion being when he preached the funeral sermon of Dean Stanley, occupied the Abbey pulpit on a recent Sunday evening. Messrs Woodall, Minshall, and Co., of Oswestry and Wrexham, have published a large lithographic portrait of the Eev. Principal Edwards, of Aberystwith. It is considered a good likeness, and is, we believe, the first portrait of Principal Edwards ever published. Professor J. E. Lloyd, of Aberystwith University College, is, says the South Wales Daily News, ''making for himself a name and position among Welsh scholars." He is now editing for the press a work on " Ancient Welsh Law," written by the late Mr. Hubert Lewis, a Welsh barrister. Mr. Alfred Nutt, whose Studies in the Mabinogion are already known to students of Celtic Literature, has in the press an important work on The Legend of the Holy Grail. An outline of the work was given in a paper read some time ago before the Cymmrodorion Society. Since then Mr. Nutt has extended his study and greatly amplified the work. In the new illustrated quarto gift book, The Abbeys and Churches of England and Wales {Gsissell and Company, London), the sketch of " The Priory Church of St. John, Brecon," has, by special request, been contributed by Mr. Edwin Poole, editor of the Brecon County Times (an old Oswestrian). — Oswestry Advertizer. The inhabitants of Cilfynydd and Pwllgwaun (Pontypridd district) are indignant because the Postmaster-General has christened these poetically sounding villages plain, matter-of-fact, " Albion Town," " New Town." Please do not let us be too narrow-minded in our Celtic ideas. No doubt the christening of these places with English names will facilitate business, and that counts " now-a-days. 37 At the North Wales Eisteddfod, held at Dolgelly on January 2nd, the chief literary prize (a carved oak chair) was awarded to the Kev. Glanffrwd Thomas, of St. Asaph, for the best poem on "The Last Passover in Egypt/' And another rising Welsh literateur, the Eev. Elvet Lewis, of Hull, received the £10 prize for the best essay on *' Welsh Poetry — Historical and Critical." The gentlemen who did the chief adjudication work at the above eisteddfod were : For music, Mr. Joseph Bennett, of London ; literature, Professor Lloyd, of the University College, Aberystwith. A reviewer of Mr. Lewis Morris's Songs of Britain, in the London Daily News, writes — " There is something of the pensive ** Celtic charm, but little or nothing of the Celtic wildness, in Mr. " Morris's poems on Welsh legends." Sir Theodore Martin is engaged on a new edition of his translation oiThe Morks 0/ Horace, which will be issued presently by Messrs Blackwood. A third edition of Lady Martin's book, On Some of Shakespeare's Female Characters, is in the press. On the last night of the old year, the Cardiff Cymmrodorion Society held a conversazione and concert. Major Jones, the popular United States Consul, presided, and urged that all of them (as Welshmen) should " open their hearts to better feelings and brighter hopes for the future, and determine to do all that in *• them lay to promote the spread of education in their land, and to secure the social elevation of their fellow-country- men." A good key-note for the New Year, surely. CAKDIFF CYMKODOKION SOCIETY. — This Welsh Society is making rapid strides. Its membership now amounts to about 500. It is the first society in Cardiff which has shown sufficient enterprise to secure chambers of its own as a home for the society. These are situated in St. Mary Street, and are held at a rental of £90 per annum. A course of popular lectures has been delivered during the season. The Cambrian Society of South Wales and Monmouthshire is now associated with the Cymrodorion at the chambers, and the inaugural address has just been delivered by J. T. D. Llewelyn, Esq., Penlle'rgare. Professor Koberts, of the University College, and Dr. Khy^ Griffiths, of Cardiff, have undertaken the joint secretaryship, and under their energetic efforts the society is beginning to wear a more promising aspect than it has done since its commencement. THE SOCIETY FOE UTILIZING THE WELSH LANGUAGE. — This society continues its active operations. It has issued for the use of schools and private students an Elementary Welsh Grammar, which has in a few months attained a phenomenal success, the third edition being now out. The second book of the series is announced to be ready at the end of this month. Since the representatives of the Society placed their case before the Eoyal Commission on Elementary Education in April last, and thus removed the erroneous impressions enter- tained as to their proposals, a number of leading Schools Boards in various parts of the Principality have given practical effect to the principles of the Society, and have introduced into their schools the study of Welsh as a specific subject with highly satisfactory results. Official reports of examinations- by Her Majesty's Inspectors prove that where Welsh has been taken up the uniform success of all classes has been greater than at any previous time, that the children have improved in English, and that in one case the grant for English was doubled, on account of the increased proficiency exhibited in that subject. One of the most welcome results is, that Welsh educationists throughout the country are becoming more and more favourably impressed with the soundness of the principles advocated by the Society. Some who had held aloof from, if not actually opposed the move- ment when first started, have, after a careful study of its tendency, given their hearty adhesion and earnest support to it. S9 WELSH SOCIAL NOTES. The death is announced of Miss Harriet WilHams, the centenarian of Eamsgate. The deceased was 104 years old. On Tuesday, January 10th, the Council of the University College of Wales (Aberystwith) met, and appointed Mr. Henry Lloyd Snape, D.Sc. (London), Ph.D. (Gottingen), of Owen's College, Manchester, to the Chair of Chemistry, vice the late Dr. Humpidge. Mr. Snape is said to be of Welsh extraction on the maternal side. Two well-known men have died in South Wales this month. Mr. Lewis Davies, of Ferndale, one of the coal kings of the South, died at the Mumbles on New Year's morning ; and on Saturday, January 14th, Alderman David Duncan breathed his last at Penarth, near Cardiff. Alderman Duncan started the Cardiff Times thirty years ago, and in 1872 founded the South Wales Daily News. The late Mr. Hugh H. Hughes, Wellington Park, Bebington, the eldest son of the late Mr. Eobert Hughes, for many years the manager of the National Provincial Bank of England, Holyhead, who was forty-three years of age, has bequeathed £10,000 to be invested, and the interest to be devoted for the deserving poor residing within the parish of Holyhead, at the discretion of his trustees. Sir John Puleston, M.P., has given his annual treat to the London Welsh poor. The entertainment was provided at Zion Chapel, Whitechapel road, when upwards of five hundred persons, men, women, and children, were entertained. Sir John Puleston was very warmly received, and spoke in Welsh and English. The Eev. Dr. Evans, Congregational minister. Fetter Lane Chapel, in proposing a vote of thanks to Sir John Puleston, said the Welsh people, without any regard to creed or politics, felt that the honour lately conferred by the Queen upon him was an honour to Wales. The meeting was attended amongst others by Mr. Osborne Morgan, M.P., and Mrs. Morgan. 40 PRIZE COMPETITIONS. We beg to offer the following BOOK PKIZES 1. For the best general Historical Account of any Parish in Wales or Monmouthshire. (Breconshire excepted). PEIZE.— GUIZOT'S HISTOEY OF ENGLAND, from the Earliest Times to the Accession of Queen Victoria. Splendidly illustrated. Three volumes, super royal 8vo, red cloth... £1 11 6 2. For the best Sketch of Twelve Eepresentative Welshmen of the Nineteenth Century. PEIZE.— W. Hepworth Dixon's HISTOEY OF TWO QUEENS " (Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn). Four handsome volumes, 8vo, in scarlet cloth. Published at £3 0 0 CONDITIONS. 1. — The Parocliial Historical Sketcli to consist of not less than 2,500 words weight pages of printed matter), and to include the period from the Norman Conquest to the Present Time, with as much original matter inserted from Parish Registers and other Parish Historical Records as can be gathered. Special historical landmarks to be recorded ; eminent men and their distinguishing characteristics to be set forth. Authorities quoted to be cited at end of article (for verification if necessary). The sketch to set forth Norman and subsequent history, its antiquities and early remains, social customs at varying periods, and, where possible, cost of living and price of land and commodities at varying periods to be recorded, and special events in its history during the present century to be specially noted. 2. — The Sketch of the Twelve Representative Welshmen may include ♦Statesmen, Orators, Historians, Poets, Philanthropists, and National Bards : the distinguishing characteristics in the lives of each must be noticed, and their culminating epochs. These sketches must be strictly impartial, and free from religious or political colouring. Sketch to consist of not less than 2,500 words (8 pages of printed matter). Manuscripts must be in the hands of the Editor, Old Welsh Chips, by March 31st next, signed with proper name or non deplume. The proper name and address of every competitor to be sent to the Editor (imder seal). Award will be made known in Old Welsh Chips, on April 30th. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales; FebrEiry29tli, 1888. Ko. 2. HENRY VAUGHAN, SILURIST. [Continued from Page 13.] I in the self -same venerable halls And ^^ray quadrangles made my home, Which heard, new-built, within their recent walls^ Thy youthful footsteps com«. There, on thy musings, broke the painful sound Of arms ; the long-plumed cavaliers Clanged thro' the courts — the low fat fields around Were filled with strife and tears. Till thy soft soul grew sick, and thou didst turn To our old hills ; and there, ei'e long, JLove for thy Amoret, at times, would burm In some too fervid song. Lewis Moeeib, It was natural that Breclaiocksliire men should choose JesuB College of all others at Oxford, for it had been founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth fey a native of Brecon, Dr. Hugh Price, the son of Ehys y Cigwr (a wealthy butcher), who left his eldest son a landed est^ie, and gave all his children a liberal education. Hugh Price took his degree of Doctor of the Canon Law at Oxford in 1525, and in 1571 he obtained the Queen's leave to erect a college at Oxford by the name of Jesus College, and to endow it with lands to the value of £60, The expense of this building amounted in his lifetime to about £1,500, to which were added £300 left in the hands of Sir Eubule Thelwall towards completing it,^''' Dr. Price died in Brecon an 1574, and is said to James Howell, in a letter to Br. T, Richard at Oxford, dated August 6th, 1619, Rouen, writes : I pray present my service to Sir Eubule Thelwall, and send me word with what pace Jesus Colledg new walls §0 up," — ^'E^istolse Ho-Elian«," 1655, 42 have been buried in the Priory Church, but there is no memorial to him there.* Of the brothers Vaughan during their residence at Oxford there are but few traces. Thomas matriculated 14th December, 1638, aged 16, and the name of Henry Vaughan appears in the Eegister of the same date. They probably remained three years at the University, years full of events of the most stirring interest, the beginning of the bitter strife of civil war, which, ere its close, would crave a king for the scaffold ; the nation was dividing into two parties, to be nicknamed later — Koundheads and Cavaliers. In 1642 the battle of Edgehill was fought ; We all thought," says Eichard Baxter, " one battle would decide it, and we were all much mistaken!"! Into the rights and wrongs of that struggle we have no intention of entering, only so far as they affect the lives and fortunes of the Silurist and his brother. They were both devoted Koyalists, their race, their instincts, their Churchmanship, all tended to enlist their sympathies on behalf of the king, and the only memorial of Henry Vaughan connected with this time is found in Eucharistica Oxoniensis, i.e., ** In Caroli Kegis nostri e Scotia reditum gratulaoria." (Oxoniae, 1641), and signed " H. Vaughan, Jes. Col." | But in spite of his deep devotion to Charles, he never bore arms, nor shed blood, as he has told us in *' Ad Posteros "§ (from which we have before quoted) : I liv^d in an age withouten ruth, 'Twas when, by the fell Fury driv'n Of Party— our Fatherland was riv'n : War rag'd, and Church, and State, and all Became some horrid Fury's thrall. Our fair fields spoil'd the sacred Rose Fell the vile weed aneath. Our woes Confusion crown' d : and everywhere The pleasant founts polluted were. * Theophilus Jones' History of BiechnocksMre. t Richard Baxter'' s Life, part I. p. 43. X Dr. Grosart first drew attention to these lines. § From " Olor Iscanus," a collection of some Select Poems and Translations formerly written by Mr. Henry Vaughan, Silurist, 1661. "Ad Posteros " was translated from the Latin by Dr. Grrosart. 43 Peace by the flood was swept afar, And darkness with Heav'n's light m ide war. Yet mark — since Truth and Piety I seek to guard my memory — In all this deadly strife and woe No share h(%d I, for well I know In innocent blood a voice is found. Crying still from the redden' d ground: Yea, holding its shedder as distraught Till penitential peace is wrought. Therefore I taught myself to weep As some true mother, where in sleep Rest dead ones through the long sad years I sought thus to relieve my fears. Ne^er raised I sacriligious hand : JFree of such guilt I fearless stand — Nor suffer d heart nor hand to he Stained with the dye of enmity. There is no record that he graduated at Oxford, therefore liis degree of Doctor of Medicme might liave been taken in London or abroad. That he went to London on leaving Jesus College is certain, his " Rhapsodic,'"'" " occasionally written upon a meeting with some of his friends at the Globe Tavern,'"' displays a knowledge of the buildings and streets of that city, and gives a glimpse into his life them. The *'Ehapsodie" speaks also of nights of revelry, of brilliant conversations under that ceiling painted with a clondy side, and some few dispersed starres," in the tavern haunted with memories of the mighty dead, of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Fletcher ! t Here the wits of the town assembled, and laughed at their own honest mirth." Amongst the company would have been James Howell, returned from his travels abroad, and not yet imprisoned in the Fleet, where he was confined in the autumn of 1643 on a charge of debt, though more probably on account of his political prin- ciples. James Howell was a Brecknockshire man, son of the Vicar of Llangammarch (where he v/as born in a house on a * ** Poems with the Tenth Satyre of Juvenal, Englished," By Henry Vaughan, gent., 1646. t There is no mention of Shakespeare in Henry Vaughan's writings. Strange ! as tradition has it, that the ' ' Bard of Avon ' ' stayed with a member of the Vaughan family whilst visiting the Vale of Usk, and that they appreciated his works is shewn by the possession of the folia edition of 1623 by the V aughans of Trebarried, 44 huge hill situated south-east"), and related to the Vaughans,'-^ and on young Henry Vaughan taking up his residence in London he would have been introduced by his kinsman to the best literary society of the day. The lines by the Silurist addressed " To his friend "f , and beginning : I wonder, James, throiig-h the whole historic Of ages, such entailes of povertie Are layd on Poets : Search — as thou canst — the old and modern store Of Rome and ours, and all the wittie score Thou shalt not find a rich one ; take each clime And run o'er all the pilgrimage of time Thou'lt meet them poor, and everywhere descrie A threadbare, goldless genealogie : always seem to us to have been intended for the brilliant, extravagant, careless author of the Ejnstolce Ho-EliancB, who "tumbling into the world a pure Cadet, a true Cosmopolite, not born to Land, Lease, House or Office," was constantly in pecu- niary difficulties, though " 'Tis true I have purchased since a small spot of ground upon Parnassus, which I hold in fee "of the Muses, but I confess it hath yielded me little fruit " hitherto." | At this time he may have first met Mrs Katherine Phillips, § "the matchless Orinda," to whom he wrote the verses entitled, " To the most excellently accomplished Mrs. K. Phillips." Between them a very close friendship existed, and she wrote a poem in his praise. Having qualified as a doctor, Henry Vaughan decided to practise in Brecon, the principal town of his native county, and not far from his birthplace. He was related to most of the leading families, and a successful future seemed opening * Amongst the letters in the " Epistolre Ho-Elianee " are two addressed to " mv Cousin "VV. Vaughan, Esq.," and "to my well-beloved Cousin Mr/T.V.," signed "your affectionate Cousin, J.H." 1625. t " Olor Iscanus," 1651, p. 7. + " EpistoliB Ho-Elianfe "— From the Fleet, 28 of April, 1645." § "Olor Iscanus," p. 28. Katherine Phillips was the wife of Col. James Phillips, of the Priory, Cardigan, who was member for that county 1654 to 1660. They were Royalists, and she died 1664. She was the friend of Cowley, Dryden, and Jeremy Taylor, who all wrote poems eulogising her talents and charm. She wrote "Letters to Polyarchus," and other works. 45 before him, for in 1643 the Royalist cause was prospering in Wales ; * in Brecknockshire the gentry seemed almost unanimous in their loyalty to the King, but we doubt if the people had much sympathy with him. Herbert Price, of the Priory, was Member for the Borough, and took up arms zealously for the Kmg. John Jeffreys, of Abercynrig, Lewis Lloyd, of Wernos, and the Vaughans' neighbour, Edward Games, of Buckland, were conspicuous Koyalists ; but those were troublous times, and changes followed rapidly.! So little remains of the old town of Brecon on the Usk, to which Henry Vaughan returned,]: that it requires a strong effort of imagination to realize it as it appeared to him at that time ; and yet the streets (as shown by the old maps) must have been much the same as they are now, but narrower,^ with thatched houses on either side, gabled, with carven weather boards, a few of which may still be seen, but each year lessens the number of these features of the past. The town was fortified, the walls not yet having been pulled down, a work which was carried out so effectually by the inhabitants a few years later, || that to-day a crumbling, ivy-wreathed tower or gateway, carefully preserved by the owners of the gardens surrounding them, are all that remain. The Market Cross rose in the High Street, a relic of days of more reverent faith, when the business of the mart was transacted beneath its shadow, and the outward symbols of religion aided in consecrating the commonest matters of everyday life by raising the thoughts from earth to Heaven. The Cross too has been levelled with the ground, its exact site not being known, but it was probably where Games' Fountain now stands. * Phillips' Civil War in "Wales and the Marches." t The Royal cockade worn at this time in Brecknockshire was a blue and white ribbon with the motto, " We long to see our king." — Rush worth. X The population of Brecon (exclusive of St. David's parish) in 1673 was 449 ! There was then no garrison. 35 were Roman Catholics, 13 Nonconformists . § In 1776 alterations were carried out under the Act for paving, lighting, cleansing, and widening the streets of Brecon. II There is a MS, in the British Museum by a Mr. Simmons, an officer in the Royal army, giving an account of the destruction of Brecknock Castle and walls at this time. 46 In tlie same street was John Abel's Town fand Slnre, for it was used for county and borough business) Hall, built in 1624, and timbered, as are his other buildings at Lelbury and in various parts of Herefordshire. When Thomas Dineley accompanied the Duke of Beaufort on his progress through Wales in 1684, he gave the following account of it: " The Town Hall is a timber build- " ing. The sundiall on the middle top carrieth this inscription, " * Soles nobis pereont et imputantur/ The mottoes upon the *' shields over ye wooden columns are in front — Vive ut Where Justice Sat cito Post rales, there et Vivas. Virtue flows. Sat bene. 1624. C. B. w^" f There are only two of Henry Vaughan's poems which contain any reference to his residence in Brecon, the first, *' To his retired friend, an invitation to Brecknock,'' I is of considerable interest, bringing before us by one or two graphic touches the Brecon of the middle of the seventeenth century, so different, yet so similar, to the Brecon of to-day. The Cross is no longer here, but the Fairs we still have with us f in our streets, close to our doors, and are " an abominable face of things " far into the night ! Tlie town believes thee lost, and didst thou see But half her sufferings, now distrest for thee, Thou'ldst swear — like Rome — her foule polhited walls Were sackt by Brennus and the savage Gaules. Abominable face of things ! here's noise Of bang'd mortars, blew aprons, and boyes, Pigs, dogs and drums, with the hoarse, hellish notes Of politick! y- deaf e usurer's throats, With fine new worships, and the old cast teams Of Justices vet with the cough and fJegme. Midst these the Crosse looks sad, and in the Sbire Hall furs of an old Saxon Fox appear, With brotherly ruffs and beards, and a strange sight Of high monumentall hats, t'ane at the fight * In 1638 the Great Sessions were held in the grand hall at Newton. The present ToAvn Hall was biiilt on the site of the former in 1770. t The original MS. history of this Progress is preserved at Badminton, + " Olor Iscanus," p. 9. 47 Of 'Eighty- eight* ; while every Burgesse foots The mortall pavement in eternall boots. Come ! leave this sullen state, and let not wine And precious witt lye dead for want of thine ; Shall the dull market-land-lord with his rout Of sneaking tenants durtily swill out This harralesse liquor ? shall they knock and beat For sack, only to talk of rye and wheat ? O let not such prepost'rous tippling be In our metropolis ! . Come then ! and while the slow isicle hangs At the stiff thatch, and winter's frosty pangs Benumme the year, blith — as of old — let us 'Midst noise and war, of peace and mirth discusse. This portion thou wert born for : why should wee Vex at the time's ridiculous miserie ? An age that thus hath fool'd itselfe, and will — Spite of thy teeth and mine — persist so still, t The second poem evidencing his life in Brecon is called : " Upon the Priorie Grove, his usual retyrement." I Hail sacred shades ! coole leafie house ! Chaste treasurer of all my vowes And wealth ! on whose soft bosom layd My love's faire steps I first betrayed. The poisonous ivie here no more His false twists on the oke shall score, Only the woodbine here may twine As th' embleme of her love and mine. This shows that the sheltering groves of the Benedictine Monks — the Priory Groves — on the banks of the rushing Honddu were loved by him, and that here he meditated on the beautiful thoughts to be given later to the world in his quaint, mystical Poems ; that here he walked with his " Amoret," to whom he wrote several lyrics at this time. Whether he married her is not known, for nowhere does her 7'eal name appear — no register of his marriage has yet been discovered, and this, like so many of the most important events of his life, is veiled in silence. [To be coiitinued). GWENLLIAN E. F. MOEGAN. Brecon. * The Spanish Armada. Is there not a tradition that the wear ng of tall hats by Welshwomen dates from the defeat of the Spaniards ? t J. G. Whittier has written some lines on this poem. X Poems," 1646, as before. 48 THE PEERAGE OF WALES. The study of the Peerage of our country is ever an interest- ing one, for the long roll of those whom the King hath delighted _ to honour will be found to comprise the most illustrious sons of our land, distinguished for pre-eminence in council, for valour in battle, or for goodness and philanthropy of heart. But though many eminent Welshmen have been ennobled, yet it has often happened that it is of the Kingdom of Ireland that they have been created Peers, while, alas I still oftener have onr Welsh titles been seized upon by strangers. Let therefore a short examination be made into tbe matter. The Marquis of Anglesey is a Paget, whose ancestor was heir to the Baylys and Bagenals of Plasnewydd, Ang. The Earl of Brecknock is the second title of the Marquis of Camden, a Pratt, whose ancestor, the Lord Chancellor acquired property in the neighbourhood through marriage with a local heiress. The Marquis of Carmarthen is the second title of the Duke of Leeds, whose surname is Osborne, and whose ancestors were, apparently, totally unconnected with the Principality. Tbe same may be said of the Earl of Denbigh, a Fielding, though the present Earl has allied himself with the heiress of Downing, Flintshire. Baron Cardiff is an inferior title of the Marquis of Bute, a Stuart, whose ancestor the fourth Earl and first Marquis (son of the Prime Minister) acquired his Glamorgan estates through marriage with the heiress of the Windsors and Herberts. The Earl of Dunraven bears the name of Wyndham-Quin, but is maternally descended from several very ancient Welsh families. Herbert is the surname of three Peers : the Earl of Powis, the Earl of Pembroke and Mont- gomery, and the Earl of Carnarvon. The latter is descended from a junior branch of the house of Pembroke and Montgomery, which for generations has been unconnected with Wales, though the first Earl of Pembroke was a Herbert of Glamorgan. Lord Powis's father exchanged his family name of Clive for that of Herbert, on acquiring through marriage the estates of the last 49 Earl of Powis of a previous creation. And curious to relate, there had previously to that been a Marquis of Powis, also a Herbert, but likewise extinct. Lord Kensington, however, may be claimed as a thorough Welshman, as his family name of Edwardes has been well known in the neighbourhood of Haver- fordwest for centuries. Bruce is the surname of Lord Aberdare, but his Lordship's ancestors have been settled in Glamorgan for a considerable period. But the Earl of Eadnor, a Pleydell- Bouverie, does not appear to be connected in any way with Wales. On the other hand, Lord Tredegar bears the name of Morgan, and can point with pride to his long roll of Welsh ancestry. The Duke of Beaufort is the head of the Somersets, and bears the titles of Earl of Glamorgan, and Lord Herbert of Eaglan, Chepstow, and Gower ; he holds large properties in South Wales and Monmouthshire, with which his predecessors were oft connected in their official capacities of Lord Lieutenant or Lord President. Another Peerage in the family is that of Lord Eaglan of Eaglan, conferred upon Lord Fitzroy Somerset, Commander-in Chief in the Crimean War. The Marquis of Abergavenny is a Nevill of Norman extraction. The Earl of Cawdor was created Lord Cawdor of Castlemartin, Pemb., 1796, and raised to an Earldom 1827 ; he bears the second title of Viscount Emlyn, and his ancestors acquired their Welsh estates over a century ago, partly by marriages with heiresses and partly by gift ; the family name is Campbell. Viscount Bangor is a Peer of Ireland, and his surname is Ward. These, however, do not exhaust the list of Welsh titles. Of course the title of the heir apparent to the throne — the Prince of Wales, is known throughout the world, and there has also been a Duke of Mon- mouth of unhappy fame. The title of Earl of Cardigan was borne by a Brudenell, but the peerage is now extinct, as are also the thoroughly Welsh titles of Vaughan, Earl of Carbery ; Philipps, Lord Milford (two creations) ; Bulkeley, Viscount Bulkeley ; Hanmer, Lord Hanmer ; and Hughes, Lord Dinorben. Another title long extinct was that of Mansel, Lord Mansel, of a 50 family long connected with Glamorgan. But the Welsh peerage of Eice, Lord Dynevor, conferred in 1780, still exists, as do also those of Lord Gwydir, who, though a Burrell, has inherited the estates of his maternal ancestors, the Wynns of Gwydir ; Lord Newborough, a Wynn, of Glynllifon ; and Lord Mostyn, whose surname is Lloyd-Mostyn. And to conclude, there are the recent creations of Lord Penrhyn, 1866, a Douglas-Pennant, who married the heiress of Penrhyn ; and Lord Harlech, 1876, an Ormsby-Gore, who has inherited the estates of his maternal ancestors, the Wynns of Glyn. So, taken on the whole, though strangers appear to have appropriated most of the names of our Welsh counties, yet it is most gratifying to remember that a great proportion of our Welsh titles are enjoyed either by thorough Welshmen, or at all events by the heirs in estate of the ancient Lords of Wales. Brecon. W. K. Williams. OLD BRECON WILLS. (By a. S. M. Annotated by the Editor). C.P.O. Admon. 1562. Ap 21, Games John, of Mager, dioc' Landaff, to Meredith ap Meredith, and Lewis ap Meredith, the next of kin, fo. 49. By sentence. 1598. Ap 25, I, William Meredith Games,* mercer of the town and county of Brechon, diocese of St. David's : to be interred within the Haverds' Chappell, within my Parish Church of St. John Evangelist of Brechon, in Christian burial : to the reparation of Cathedral Church of St. David's, 12d. ; of Parish Church, 10s. To Walter Divides, f vicar of Brechon, * Alderman of the Borough of Brecknock in the years 1573, 1576, and 1583 ; but does not appear to have passed the bailiff's chair, a most unusual thing, as all aldermen generally did. t This Walter David was presented to the living by the Crown in 1576, and held it till 1621 — forty years ; he was the son of the celebrated Dr, John David Rhys, author of the equally celebrated work — " Cambro- Britannicce Cymraecce Linguae Instttutiones. 51 for my forgotten Tythe, I give all the debts due uppon him to me. To Elizabeth my daughter, if she do the will of her mother, 100 mks. at Michs. next 3 years. To John my son, ten.' and lands in par.' of Devynocke, late in the ten.' and occupat.' of William ap Owen Awbery, to him and his heirs for ever. To the said John my son, all that my liowses and gardens in par.' of St. David's in llanvaes, in several tenures and occupat.' of David John Hoell, David ap levan Gwalter, and William Willim Taylor. To Alexander my son, £40 at Mich, next come 5 years. To Meredith my son, £40, ditto. William my brother, all my best corporall apparell. Jane my niece, one rede cowe now in calfe. David my nephew and godson, 203. Eichard John dd. and Thomas John dd., 40s. equally between them. Gladis verch Owen, £5 at day of marriage. Julian, daughter to John David, £3 to be bestowed upon sheep and other cattle. Gladis my wife and John my son executors. If my said wife die before my children come to full age, I appoint John Games of Newton Esq. together with my said son John exors. To Mawde daughter to John William 20s. Overseers, John Games of Buckeland Esq.f and Daniel Meredith gent. J Witness Jeffery David, § Daniell Meredith, Morgans Lewis, Meredith Lewis, Christofer Games, Edward Games the younger, William Meredith the elder, Eoger Vaughan, llewellin ap Kees, Edward Jones elk and Meredith John William. Codicil Ap 26. 1598. John my son best silver boule, one silver salt sellar. Elizabeth my daughter one sylver bowle. Nicholas Paine's wife and the heirs of Water Williams of Brystowe late deed, shall absolutely pass convey all that Burgadge which lately I * Sir John G-ames, of Newton, Knig-kt, son of Edward Games, by Eliza, daughter of Sir William Vaughan, of Porthamal. He married, first, Elinor, daughter of Howel Gwyn ; secondly, Eliza, daughter of Meredith Games, of B\ickland ; and, thirdly, Catherine Bradshaw, of Presteigne. t High Sheriff of Brecknockshire in 1604 ; he married Catherine, daughter of David Evans, of Waif a. X Alderman of Brecknock in 1592 ; bailiff in 1596, 1599, and 1609. § Alderman of Brecknock, 1594 and 1599 ; bailiff in 1598. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINuio ^,URARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 52 bought of the afsd. Water lying in Cantercely streete warde within Towne of Breckon now in occupat. Phil' Lewis and his wife unto John my son. To John my son half dozen of silver spoons. To Meredith my son £10 more. Witness Daniel Meredith Edw Jones elk John William John Morgan. Proved May 17 1598 by Gladis the relict and John the son exors. Ap 27 1607 proved again in. name of Sir John Games knt the other executor. [C.P.C. Lewyn " fo. 47] . C.P.C. Admon. 1612. Oct 19. Games Meredith of Brecknock to Marie Games alias Powell the relict. 1628. Mar 24 (1628-9). John Games of Aberbraen - co Brecknocke, dioc' St. David's Esq. To be buried in Christian burial in the chancell of par' Church of St. John the Evangelist in the vaultes neere my Ancestors, which I trust will be per- mitted by my friendly cozen Thomas Price Esq.f To reparation of said chancel 20s. Son and heir Thomas Games to enjoy my mansion house called Aberbraen with all lands and apparts. &c. called and known by names of Tir Howell Watkin penpont. Tir howell ap lynon and Tir Johun William David ap Adam. To said son Thomas Games the lease of Aberbraen which I hold by gift and grant of the Lord Bishop of St. David's, | desiring him to be careful not to let the possession thereof or any part thereof to come to anie other hand or possession and to renew the same in convenient and due time. To Wilgiford my loving wife all those several ten' called Henfid Aberkilieni and Kefen Eossau with a mill there, all which premises heretofore have bin inclosed and have the name of the Parke * Eldest son of Thomas Grames of Newton, who was the second son of John Games, of Aberbran, who had married Annie, daughter of Sir ' William Vaughan, Knight. This John Games ( whose will is given above), married "Wilgiford, daughter of Sir Edward Aubrey, of Tredomen. t Only son of Gregory Price, of the Priory, Brecknock. This Thomas Price married Annie, sister of John Rudhall, of Rudhall. High Sheriff for the county of Brecknock in 1614. X Probably Bishop Milbourne, who buried two of his children at Christ College, in 1619, and therefore it ia inferred he lived in Brecon about this time. 68 and is included in her jointure. She to enjoy for life two tenements of landes in par' of Trallinige now in occupat' of Wm. Thos. Lewis and John ap levan, also tenement of landes in par* of Ystardvelt commonly called pen y vatlior ytha, now in occupat' of one Meredith ap levan,— all the above in lieu of dower. Household stuff plate utensils corne graine &c to be equally divided between said wife and said son. Item my will is my wife male have foure lodgings within the house of Aberbraen for her to dwell and reside in. To my grandchild Edmond Morgan £20 at seven years old, to be put out to interest : wife to give convenient maintenance to the said Edmond, if he die before payment the said £20 to remain to Harrie Morgan his Brother. To my son William Games £200 to be to him duty paid within three years, in meantime £16 to be pd. him yearly. To said son William one mare which is gone for London, my best sworde and all my clothes except those specifically bequeathed. To Harrie Awbrey my tawnie cloth sute and my white imbrodered dublett and my bay nagg. To Thomas Willim my dublett and hose which 1 do daily wear, and 1 do wish that he continue to hold his bargain upon the mill of Aberbraen for life. Exor's to pay levan ap Owen Kees 20s. per. ann. on Nov. 6 for life. To Thomas ap Kees two Idvers of land and pasture of one cow for life. To Margaret verch Eees 20s and Jennett William 10s for their pains in attending me in my sickness. Thomas ap levan 10s. Exors. well beloved wife Wilgiford Games and Thomas Games my son. Debts due upon the Testator, to Morgan Johnes of Llannerth Bledri par of Llangadock co Carmarthen gent £20 on demand, to the said Morgan Johnes £100 on Nov 20 next, to sd. M. J. £50 on Nov 20 1630. To Kees Prichard of Llanymthovery £20 12s, for which Morgan Awbrey of Ynysgodwee is bound. To Sir William Morgan of Tredegar bit £10, who hath in his keeping one bond of £100 for the payment of £50, of which some he hath received £20 * He married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Games, of Aberbran : was High Sheriff for the county of Brecknock, 1616. 54 in money and the wortli of £20 in cattell by the hands of Edward Loder and the said £10 remaineth unpaid. Unto Howel John servant unto Sir Thomas Awbrey knt £31 4s. Item there is £11 of the mained (sic) souldiers moneyes disbursed unto John Rogers by Edw Loder without my consent. My will is that my said exors by the advise and help of Sir Hen. Williams''' knt doe rectifie those accompts, with Loder' s wife. My wife owetli me £48, out of which moneyes Sir Thomas Awbrey is first to be paid. Witnesses William Awbrey Josias Morgan Thomas Morgan Justinia Stubbs Henry Awbrey and Thomas Willym. Proved May 9 1629 by oath of Thomas Games one of the exors, power reserved to Wilgiford the relict. [C.P.C. Ridley 49.]. [To he conti7iued), A. S. M. THE FOUNDER OF JESUS COLLEGE. The founder of this pre-eminently Welsh college was a Welshman, and Breconshire born. Nearly contemporary with Sir John Price, the antiquary, another Breconian, was Dr. Hugh Price, the founder of Jesus College, Oxford. He was the second son of Rhys y Cigwr, a Brecon butcher, a member of the Brecon Corporation (6th Henry VIII.) Dr. Price's eldest brother was a tanner, and a man of considerable property in Brecon. The only portrait that adorns Jones's Breconshire is one of Hugh Price, LL.D." Very little is known either at Oxford or Brecon about Dr. Price : at Oxford there is a Latin inscription on one of the gates, setting forth that the founder of the college was born at Brecon. He is said to have been a monk of Osney, in Oxford- shire, and that he had an uncle who was a canon there (Gutch, * Sir Henry Williams, of Gwernyfed, Knight. Created baronet in 1644. He married Elinor, daughter of Eustace Whitney, of Whitney, county of Hereford, and had issue, Sir Henry, and other children. He died 1662. 55 in his Antiquities of Oxford). Dr. Price took his degree of Doctor of the Common Law at Oxford in 1525, and was afterwards made prebendary of Eochester and treasurer of St. David's. In'1571 he obtained leave of Queen Elizabeth to erect a college at Oxford by the name of Jesus College, within the citie and universitie of •'Oxford, of Queen Elizabeth's foundation" (13th Elizabeth), and to endow it with lands and tenements to the annual value of sixty pounds, and some further privileges were granted to the college (19th James I.) The expense of the college building cost Dr. Price during his life-time "fifteen hundred pounds" (a no inconsiderable amount in those days), to which was added about three hundred pounds left in the hands of Sir Eubule Thelwall towards completing it. By his will. Dr. Price gave all his books to his newly-founded college (will dated 8th August, 1574, and proved in the Commons 31st August, 1574). Theophilus Jones inclines to the belief that as the will of the Doctor is witnessed by prominent Brecon citizens, he must have died at Brecon in August of 1574, and lies buried in the Priory Church of St John's. It is stated that every Fellow of Jesus College receives a portrait of the revered Founder. Dr. Price was bailiff of his native town in 1572. A good bit of property in Breconshire and Herefordshire still supplies the annual funds of this old foundation. Dr. Price's elder brother died at Brecon in 1573, one year before his more celebrated brother ; the elder brother's son was Archdeacon of Brecon and Chancellor of York (Mr. Walter Johns or Jones"). The career of Dr. Price only proves what can be done by the acquisition of a liberal education, and therefore some amount of honour must enshrine the common- place name of Khys ap Ehys, the butcher, who by his industry acquired such a fortune as to enable him to give his children a thorough education. The Editor. THE HOUSE OF DUNRAVEN. In that very interesting Work, Nicholas's Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and Comity Families of \Vales, one feature pecnUarly attractive to genealogists stands out pre- eminent, and that is, the tracing the history of the great houses of Wales through successive families of note, and show- ing the connection of the present owners with their predecessors in title of many centuries ago. Under Glamorgan, Nicholas writes ' ' Dunraven has also the credit of having been a " British princely residence under the name Dindryfan. The modern structure stands on the site of an ancient British " castle, of great fame and antiquity, on a lofty promontory " near the sea, where a little stream joins the tide. Tradition has clothed it with the dignity of chief palace of the kings " of Wales from times so remote as those of the brave Caractacus." The estate fell {inter alia) to William de Londres, one of the followers of Eobert Fitzhamon, Earl of Gloucester, the conqueror of Glamorgan, circa 1100, and he (or his son Maurice) granted it to "his servant " Sir Arnold Butler, in whose family it continued for ten generations, until it devolved upon Joan, only surviving daughter and heiress of Arnold Butler, who- married Sir Richard Vaughan, of Bredwardine. The Vaughans did not remain long Lords of Dunraven, for Sir George Vaughan (great grandson of Sir Eichard) having lost his three sons by drowning, took a dislike to the place, and sold the estate in 1642 to Humphrey Wyndham. This gentleman was High Sheriff of Glamorgan, 1654 (in which year his son Humphrey was Under Sheriff), and married, 1656, Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Carne, of Ewenny ; and his son John dying 1697, was succeeded by a son Francis, who left an only daughter Joan, sole heiress of the Dunraven Estate. She married Francis Wyndham, of Clears ell (probably her kinsman), who, on her decease, married secondly Catherine, daughter and heiress of Sir Humphrey Edwin, Knight, of Llan- fihangel, and had a son Charles, who assumed the surname of 57 Edwin, and of whom later on. There was another Charles Edwm (probably Catherme's brother), who made some stir in the world in his time. He married, 173G, Lady Charlotte Hamilton, daughter of James, fourth Duke of Hamilton, and was appointed High Sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1739. At the general election of May, 1741, he was selected, together with Vice- Admiral Edward Vernon (the hero of Portobello, then absent on duty in the West Indies), to stand for the City of Westminster in the *' country interest," in opposition to the ministerial candidates. Lord Sundon (an Irish peer and a Lord of the Treasury) and the Eight Hon. Admiral Sir Charles Wager, First Lord of the Admiralty). The poll terminated — Sir C. Wager, 3G8(3 ; Lord Sundon, 3533 ; Admiral Vernon, 3290 ; Charles Edwin, 3161 ; but the events which subsequently occurred, and which formed one of the celebrated election petitions for which Westminster was so famed, may be best recalled by a reference to the pages of the Gentleman's Magazine of those days : " Friday, 8th May. — The Poll Books, w4iich were opened the 2nd " Instant in Covent Garden, for the Election of Members of ** Parliament for Westminster, on the Behalf of Lord Sundon and " Sir Charles Wager. Admiral Vernon and Charles Edwin, ** Esq., were shut up in an arbitrary manner by the High Bailiff, ** tho' Mr. Edwin protested against it. Under the Apprehension *' of a Kiot, two parties of Foot Guards were sent for, and Lord " Sundon and Sir Charles Wager were declared duly elected . . . " Wednesday, 23rd December. — The House of Commons sat till between 4 and 5 this Morning, and declared the late Election of Lord Sundon and Sir Charles Wager for Eepresentatives of the City of Westminster to be void, and the high Bailiff' was ♦* ordered into the Custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms. In the ** Evening there were great Kejoicings throughout the City and " Liberties of Westminster on the Occasion." The Petition having been therefore successful in unseating the Whigs, a new writ was at once issued, and on 31st December, 1741, John Lord Viscount Perceval and Charles Edwin, Esquire, were returned §8 (apparently without opposition). In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1742, appears a copy of " Instructions of the Electors of Westminster to their Kepresentatives, presented January 5th," in which their Members were desired to vigorously push on the Spanish War, to secure the Rights of Electors and Triennial Parliaments, to oppose the keeping up of a Standing Army and the extension of the Laws of Excise, and to support any Bill to prevent the Exportation of Wool to any foreign Country." Mr. Edwin sat for Westminster from 1741 till 1747, when he was returned for Glamorgan (being then described as "of Llan- vihangele"), and having been re-elected 1754, he continued to represent the County till his decease in 1756. His estate of Llanfihangel devolved upon Charles, who was elected for Glamorgan 1780, being then described as " of Llanfihangel," and re-elected 1784, being then of " Down Raven Castle," but accepted the Stewardship of the Manor of East Hendred, County Berks, 1789, and was succeeded in the representation of the County, 4th September, by his son, Thomas Wyndham, Esquire^ of Dunraven Castle. This gentleman was Member for Glamorgan from 1789 till his death in 1814, and appears to have been a very benevolent man. He left an only daughter and sole heiress Caroline, who married, 1810, the Hon. Wyndham Henry Quin, who assumed, by royal license 1815, the arms and surname of Wyndham in addition to and before that of Quin, and who became second Earl of Dunraven on the death of his father in 1824. His son, the third Earl, was M.P. for Glamorgan, 1837-51, as Viscount Adare, and dying in 1871, the title devolved upon the present Peer, who was born in 1841, and resigned the office of Under Secretary of State for the Colonies last year. Thus the Dunraven estate hath seen many changes. W. R. Williams. Brecon. ?9 EISTEDDFODIC ITEMS OF SIXTY-FIVE YEARS AGO. ( Continued from page 25.) This eisteddfod, under the auspices of the Cambrian Society 'of Gwent, was held under the presidency of Sir Charles Morgan, Bart., M.P., of Tredegar, at Brecon, on Wednesday and Thursday, September 25th and 26th, 1822, and we believe the only person now alive who was present at this memorable Eisteddfod is 'Octavius Morgan, Esq., The Friars, Newport, uncle to the present Lord Tredegar. On the opening day, the Eev. Thomas Price, of Cwmdu (*' Carnhuanawc " I delivered a stirring and eloquent address on the works of Aneurin the Bard. This address will ^e found printed in extenso in the " Eeport of the Eisteddfod " published in 1823 (48 pp. demy octavo). We were speaking two or three years back to Mr Thomas Williams, registrar, of Crick- liowell, the gentleman who printed Carnhuanawc's " History •of Wales at his press in the town of Crickhowell, and after show- ing us some of Mr Price's manuscript letters, which the old gentleman highly prized, he said he was present at this Eisteddfod in Brecon in 1822, and well remembered the fire and eloquence that lit up Carnhuanawc's beautifully chiselled and expressive face. (Poor Mr Williams, he was laid to rest a year or two ■ago, over 80 years of age ! ) The subject of the " chair prize " was for the best awdl on *'The memorable period during " which our most gracious Sovereign George IV. exercised as ^' Eegent the powers of Government over the United Kingdom, ** commencing with the Debarkation of the British troops in " Portugal, and terminating with the glorious victory on the ** field of Waterloo." This prize was won by Mr William Jones, -of Dolgelly, there being five competitoi^, among the number Mr. Aneurin Pughe, son of Dr. Owen Pughe, the lexicographer. Mr. Jones, a young man, recited his poem, amidst pleas jig emotions of admiration." The medal for the best " cywyddon " on ** The Overthrow of the Egyptians in the Bed Sea," was subsequently won by Mr Peter Jones, of Edmund-street, 60 Liverpool. Another medal for the best englyn on The Rain- bow," was won by Mr William Williams, of Denbigh. A medal and a premium was offered for the best English essay on " The *' Ancient and Present State of the Welsh Language, with a *' particular reference to the dialects." The Rev. W. J. Rees, rector of Cascob, in delivering the adjudication in this essay competi- tion, said that the composition signed " Cadoe ap Gwynlliw," was by far the best, and was fully entitled, on account of its merit, to the Society's premium. On the person being called for who had adopted the name, the Rev. John Hughes, author of HoEiE Britannic^ claimed it, who, being a native and resident of Brecon (he was Wesleyan minister there) "great and just " applause was elicited from his fellow-townsmen, and the *' various persons acquainted with him." The Ven. Archdeacon Davies, of Brecon, signified his intention of having the essay printed at his sole expense, " as the best compliment he could pay to its merits." It is noticeable that the chief literary prizes were offered for English essays. Prizes were offered for harp playing, a profession now nearly extinct. Of course, the old celebrated Brecon harp, mentioned by the renowned " Carn- huanawc" as having been made in his day in Llanfaes, Brecon, is now both a lost industry, and only recorded in bardic annals, like those we are now perusing. Among the singers engaged for the concerts, etc., we note " Miss Williams and Master Smith, from the King's Concerts ; Mr J. Smith, " of the Theatres Royal, Drury Lane and Covent Garden ; '* Mr Colly er, principal singer at the Royal Gardens, Vauxhall ; *' and Mr Parry, editor of the ' Welsh Melodies.' " We are also informed that " Mr Davies, of London, will perform on the newly-invented Cambrian pedal harp." The poetical judges were : lolo Morganwg, Gwalter Mechain, Rev. John Hughes, Canon Payne, of Llanbedr, Rev. Dr. Williams, of Cowbridge, and the Rev. Thomas Williams, of Brecon ; and the English essays were judged by three of these gentlemen : Canon Payne, Dr. WilHams, and Rev Thomas WilHams. The Editor. 61 WELSH NOTES. NOTES, LLANDEW. — What a loss it is that no mediaeval nor earlier scribe has left any record of Brecon and its neighbourhood in the early age of Christianity. We might then know why the above church to our north-east bears the grandest name of all churches in the Principality, Llan Dew, the Church of God. Dew is the old Welsh form of the Latin word for God, Deus. Duw is a modern form of it. The Latin religious teachers choose to import a word for the Deity rather than use any of the Celtic words already in use, such as lor, For, Celi. It was pronounced Dew for ages after its introduction, as the following quartette by Adda Fras in the thirteenth century attests : — Bendigaid Dew'r ty newydd, Heb ddail, heb wiail, heb wydd ; Heb nen-bren, heb obenydd, Heb le tann, heb oleuad dydd. In the first line the diphthongs in Dew and Neivydd were symphonous. The church names in the neighbouring parishes are inferior, as St. Mary, St. Bride, St. David. The old name- givers did not use the great name in any other instance, at least in Wales. Brecon. J. B. Jones. PEWTER COFFIN CHALICE.— At the meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, on January 26th, the Eev. 1. G. Lloyd exhibited a small pewter coffin chalice of unusual form, found in the churchyard of Rhoscrowther, Pembrokeshire. THE DEFENDER OF FLINT CASTLE. — At the quarterly meeting of the Flint Town Council, in February, the Town Clerk (Mr. Henry Taylor), announced that a valuable addition had been made to the historical paintings which adorn the Council-chamber. He had received a letter from Lord Mostyn, of Mostyn, stating that, having heard that the Corporation were making a collection of portraits of those who 62 had been connected with FHnt Castle and Borough m former days, he had had painted for them a copy of a portrait by Sir Peter Leley, of Col. Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., the defender of the castle, and he would be obliged if the Corporation would accept it. The portrait was a good copy, and did the artist, Mr. Leonard Hughes, of Holywell, much credit. The original of the painting is at Lady Augusta Mostyn's seat at Gloddaeth, and an inscription on it show^s that Sir Koger Mostyn, who died in October, 1690, at Mostyn, was only twenty years of age when he defended Flint Castle. Hs is represented in cavalier military dress and large wig. In his right hand is a baton^ indicative of authority. A vote of thanks was accorded Lord Mostyn for his kindness. ANECDOTE OP A WELSH JUDGE.— Sir H. Pollock, Bart., has recently published his Personal EecoUections, in two bulky volumes. The worthy baronet has the following story of a Welsh judge : — " Williams [Mr. Justice Williams] was married, ** but Lady Williams and himself had their separate sets of ** friends and acquaintances — his chiefly legal, hers chiefly *' fashionable ; and they gave separate entertainments accord- *' ingly. It was the Coronation year, and a certain French *' nobleman in the suite of Marshall Soult, who came over to represent Louis Philippe, the King of the French, was in ** London on the occasion, and he had been asked to dinner by *• Lady Williams. By some mistake he had made his appearance *' as a guest of the Judge's at the Northern t ircuit dinner. ** Williams could speak no French, nor, so far as could be seen, were any of the company able to converse with ease in it. But *' the best had to be made of the affair. The Duke occupied the ** seat on the right of the Judge, which otherwise would have ** been filled by Cresswell, as leader of the circuit ; I, as junior, ** sat at the bottom of the table. Of course, this incident was turned to good account by Adolphus, who was the Circuit ** Attorney- General at the next Grand Court at York. Alexander, ** whose foible was not that of retiring modesty, was represented 63 ** as having introduced himself to the Duke, and saying, ' Je suis •* Monsieur Alexandre,' and the bewildered guest as replying, *' ' Ah ! oui, ventriloque celebre,' — a ventriloquist of that name " being then performing in London. At last, and after many ** other equally unsuccessful attempts to promote conversation ** Wightman was supposed to have bethought himself of the ** store of Norman law French accumulated by him in his study *• of the old Year Books, and, taking courage, to have addressed «' the Duke with, * Nota que ceo est meason de Williams Justice : " il done feed als apprentices del Northern Circuit ; peradventure *' vous estes nemy invite.' " GEQKGE FOX, THE QUAKER, AT BRECON.— In his Journal, George Fox records the very tumultuous and hostile greeting he received from the people at Brecon in the year 1657. The uproar lasted for two hours before the inn where Fox and his companion had put up, reminding him, he remarks, " of the handicraftsmen of Diana of the Ephesians." And he proceeds, " The magistrates, instead of restraining the mob, set them on to shout again when they had given over." Nevertheless, George Fox made many converts in Breconshire and Radnorshire. At a meeting in Radnorshire, packed crowds listened to the courageous Quaker, and " the gentry of the county is also come in," and we are further told, no opposition was made by any." The year before (1656) at Shrewsbury, when Oliver Cromwell proclaimed a fast on account of a general drought, George Fox answered the Protector, stating "that where the good seed was sown, rain in BufiQcient quantity had fallen." JOHN WESLEY IN BRECONSHIRE.— John Wesley, in his diary, writes : — " April, 1780 : Not knowing the best way from *' hence (Shrewsbury) to Brecon, I thought well to go round by ** Worcester. I took Broseley in my way, and thereby had a view of the iron bridge over the Severn : I suppose the first and *' only in Europe. It will not soon be imitated." The Wesleys, both John and Charles, frequently visited Brecknockshire. 64 Earlier records than the above are : John Wesley preached at the Town Hall, Brecon, in 1756. Also May 3rd, 1743, John Wesley preached from a tombstone in Builth churchyard (which, we are told, was his usual rostrum when preaching in the town). In 1746 he again preached in the counties of Brecknock and Kadnor. Three years later : " Saturday, April 8th, 1749, at Garth —I married my brother and Sarah Gwynne. It was a '* solemn day, such as became the dignity of a Christian marriage." Garth was not far from Builth, and the Gwynnes, of Garth, was one of the best county families. John Wesley thus records his last visit to Builth: "March 22nd, 1756. Builth. Where " I preached to the usual congregation. Mr. Phillips [Vicar of Maesmynis] then guided us to Rhayader. It snowed hard *' behind us, and on both sides, but not at all where we were." ''ENGLISH MAELOR."— The following interesting note appears in the Bye-Gones column of the Oswestry Advertizer for February 8th inst : — " In reply to ' W.O's ' question — ' How does *' it come to pass that English Maelor is in Wales ? ' the answer " is, That Maelor forms part of that wide border district of what " is now Wales, which, after hiwing been settled by Englishmen *' in the two or three centuries following the reign of Offa, was in " the eleventh century conquered back by the Princes of Powys. " The whole of this re-conquered district became subject to Welsh " laws, and was in great part re-settled by Welshmen, so that " over a large tract of country in which P^uglish had been the predominant language, Welsh became ultimately exclusively " used. In Maelor Saesneg, which lay close to the English- " speaking districts of Cheshire and Shropshire many Englishmen " remained, and English continued to be largely spoken, but " that Welsh became the predominant tongue there and long " continued so, admits of no doubt. From the early part of the " twelfth century, at any rate, Maelor Saesneg formed an integral " portion of Powys, and from Madog ap Meredydd, the first " Prince of Northern Powys or Powys Fadog, Overton (the chief *' town of Maelor) got its name of Overton Madog. Griffydd ap 65 " Madog (1236-1270), a later Prince, gave Maelor Saesneg, with other possessions, to his wife Emma, an Enghsh lady, for the " term of her hfe, with reversion to his sons. Aftpr Einma's *' death, her two grandchildren (the sons of the last Prince of ** Powys Fadog) being dead, Edward I. seized Maelor Saesneg. ** Although its lords were henceforth English it was still " reckoned a Welsh lordship, most of its inhabitants speaking *' Welsh, and following Welsh customs, and Edward I. accord- " ingly, by the so-called ' Statute of Ehuddlan " (a.d. 1284) assigned it to the Sheriff of Flint, attached to which county it " has ever since remained. As to the adjective " Saesneg " or English," by which the district in question was distinguished *' from the other Maelor (Maelor Gymraeg, Welsh Maelor, or •* Bromfield), this was applied to it long befora the lordship fell into English hands, and must therefore have been given, because though it had become a province of Powys, EngliKh- ** men still dwelled in it, and English customs were still in a measure followed. In the other Maelor, on the contrary, ** English speech and customs were for a time completely •* uprooted. — P.S. — In the Domesday Survey while Worthen- ** bury, Bangor, and Bettisfield, are mentioned as held by English " (or Norman) lords, the rest of Maelor Saesneg seems to be that " ' district of Welshland ' which is described as held by ' Tudor ' [? Tudor ap Ehys Sais] a certain Welshman. Wrexham. Alfred Neobard Palmer." CAPTAIN JOHN NANNEY.— Phillips, in his Civil War in Wales, 2nd edition, 1878, p. 343, has mention of the efforts of Capt. John Nanney to raise soldiers at Dolgelly, towards the end of the year 1645, and of his capture, together with his lieutenant and the men Nanney had collected together, by Captain Edward Vaughan. Who was this Capt. Nanney, was he in anyways related to the Nanneys of Nannau ? Neither Owens, in his Cambrian Biographi/, or Williams' Eminent Welshmen have any- thing to say of this noble family. Yorke's Royal Tribes mentions that *• the elder daughter and heiress of the last of the 66 *' male line, Hugh Nanney, married William Vaughan, Esquire,- of Corysgedol ; but no issue remaining from this match, the estate hath devolved to Sir Eobert Williames Vaughan." Breeze also, in his Kalendars of Gwynedd, has considerable to say of the Nanney family, who have filled important positions in various counties of North Wales. Henry Blackwell, New York. QUERIES, TWM SION CATTI.— Every one of your readers must have heard of Twm Sion Catti : and many, no doubt, are acquainted with the humourous work which purports to be his Adventures." When that work appeared (fully forty-five years ago), it was stated in one of the notices bestowed upon it by the press, that it was a pity the author (Mr. J. L. P'richard) had drawn so largely on his imagination for incidents, and had not more freely used the traditions (then) still current of Twm, and which were far more amusing than those he had invented. Can any one tell me whether those traditions were ever gathered and put into print ? If this has not been done, will your readers assist in recovering as many of the class spoken of which may yet be current in the mouths of the people of Wales ? MORGANIA. COURT OF THE MARCHES OF WALES.— This Court, which was held at Ludlow from the time of Henry VIII. to that of William and Mary, was in bad odour with the Welsh, and gave rise to several proverbs. Will some reader kindly string as many of these together as he can lay hands upon ? MORGANIA. WILLIAM HARRY, THE BARD.— In the year 1822 there was an Eisteddfod held at Brecon. lolo Morganwg was there, and was one of the judges of bardism. Sir Charles Morgan in the chair. lolo is reported to have made a speech, in which he 67 petitioned the Comiiiittee of the Eisteddfod in behalf of one WilKam Harry, of Penderyn, who had brought up ten children, and amidst poverty had paid considerable attention to the litera- ture of the country, and whom he recommended as a proper person to receive the gratuities of the Society. Can anyone tell me who this William Harry was, and give any particulars with reference to what he did as a literati ? What recollections of lolo may be gathered at present, at Brecon, concerning lolo's visits to that part of the principality ? MORGANIA. MERLIN'S PROPHECIES.— Now and then we hear an old prophecy quoted as to the fate impending over this or that town, — -Caermarthen for example — and attributed to Merlin. None of these predictions appear in the printed collections of Merlin's prophecies, as far as I know. I should be glad to see as many of these prophecies as are still spoken of put into print, both those which are said to have been fulfilled, and those awaiting fulfilment. MORGANIA. BRECONSHIRE AND THE CIVIL WARS.— The other day I caught a glimpse of one of the volumes of Civil War times, by John Vicars, and called The Burning Bush not Co?isumed, etc, published in 1646. Turning over its pages, at page 328 the follow- ing side-note attracted my attention — The County of Brecon in Wales comes into the Parliament." I read on as follows : — *' 4th December, 1645, a Letter, Petition, and Declaration of the County of Brecon was produced in the House of Commons, and " was read, declaring their firm resolution to comply with, and " heartily to submit unto, the commands of the Parliament, " which declaration appearing to be dated November 23rd, 1645, "... and for the Army's better content and satisfaction .... " was referred to the Committee of Gloucester, to draw up a ** letter in answer to the same." It would be interesting to know who were the county gentlemen that signed the petition, and the facts surrounding its inception., as local historians generally tell 68 ns that Breconshire was Eoyalist to the backbone. Who, also, presented the petition ? I find that the county member from March 18th, 1640, to 27th June, 1649, was Wilham Morgan, Esq., of Dderw. Historic us. BIBLIOGEAPHY. NOTES, THE BLUE KUIN OF PUBLISHING COUNTY HISTORIES.— The learned author of Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire once remarked : " Many told me that no one " published a County History without being ruined, but I have *' paid my expenses." Eyton was a lucky man. The earlier historian of Brecknockshire (Theophilus Jones), we are credibly informed, gave many of the best years of his life wholly to pre- paring his painstaking work, and he lost some £400 in money besides. In fact, as soon as the poor man was dead, his library and all other effects were sold in the town of Brecon. Possibly the Editor of " O.W.C." could enlighten us as to whether antiquarian publications pay or not? [No, they certainly do not ; we will enlarge in another issue : but against the money loss there are the untold pleasures that encircle every kind of *' hobby " riding.— Ed. "O.W.C."] WHAT WAS IT ALL ABOUT ?— AVe have come across the following pamphlet : — " Letters to John Proberfc, esq., one of " the devisees of the late Earl of Powis, upon the facts and discus- *' sions of the Montgomery and Pool House of Industry. By an Hon. Director." Printed by J. and W. Eddowes, Shrewsbury, and sold by the booksellers in Montgomeryshire and Shropshire, 1801. Price one shilling. 56 pages, demy octavo. [W'hat was it all about ? — Ed.] 69 ''EPISTOLI^ HO-ELIAN^."— A first edition of this noted Breconshire author's Familiar Letters was sold at a book sale in London on Monday, July 11th, 1887, the property of Mr. W. Smalley. It must have fetched a handsome price. THE FIRST BOOK FEINTED IN GLAMORGAN.— I am indebted to my friend, Mr. T. 0. Evans, of Llangynwyd, for the full answer he has given to my personal enquiry as to when the first book was printed in the county of Glamorgan. It was the Rev. John Walters's English- Welsh Dictionary, or , rather the first twelve parts of it. The printer's name was Rees Thomas, and he had previously printed several works at Llan- dovery, county of Carmarthen, and he made an agreement with the Rev. John Walters to remove his printing press to Cowbridge, so that the author would be enabled thereby to personally superintend the printing and progress of his work. The Dictionary reached the letter " R." The twelve parts issued from Cowbridge took ten years, — from 1770 to 1780 — and were published at 2s. each part. The remainder of this work was printed in London, the title-page being dated 1797. Mr. Evans, in his communica- tion, adds : " There are some who believe that the Penry Press " was in this county, but I have never seen anything to satisfy me on this point." All doubt may be at once set at rest : if by the Penry Press is meant the Marprelate " tracts, there is not a shred of evidence to prove that Penry was in the slightest degree connected with that violent and seditious press. Penry signed his name to everything he wrote, and was too true a man to do in secret what he ever gloried in doing publicly. The Editor. NOVELS RELATING TO WALES.— It seems we are almost entirely indebted to English authors for popularizing our beautiful Welsh scenery and particular national traits through the medium of that wonderful teacher — the novel. I am making a list of all "Novels relating to Wales," and shall be glad of notes regarding such novels, with their plots laid in Wales. 70 1 liave been told Mr. Henty, Annie Beale, Mr. Black, MisS Braddon, and other equally well-known writers of works of fiction, have pourtrayed tales having particularly Welsh surround- ings. Names of full titles, year of publication, author, etc., will be esteemed, especially relating to such works published during the last twenty-five or thirty years. I have got the lists |)ublished in Bye-Gones (Oswestry) some years ago. The Editor. QUERIES, LIVES OF OWEN GLENDOWEE.— It would be interest^ ing to have recorded, in a permanent shape (as your able Magazine allows) the "Lives" and ''Sketches" of Owen Glyndowr (or Glyndwr), the great North Wales chieftain (whom the Breconshire 'Squire, Sir David Gam, attempted to assassinate at Machynlleth) : those that have been handed down to posterity. Book W^orm. EDITIONS OF THE BIBLE IN WELSH.~As we are shortly to celebrate Dr. Morgan's work of translating the Bible into Welsh, it would be of considerable interest to have a complete list of all Bibles and Testaments that have- appeared in the Welsh language from the beginning until now. The (i) names of the author or joint authors of each edition should be set out ; ^ii) whether printed for the nation or by any particular society or person ; (iii) where printed, and by whom ; (iv) date of publica- tion ; (v) size of work, and price. Brycheiniog. EANDALL DEUCE'S PICTUEESQUE SKETCHES IN NOETH WALES. — Was published in parts, royal 4to, each part containing four handsome lithograph plates without any descrip- tive text. Can anyone inform me when this work was published, who was the publisher, and how many parts were published ? Henry Blackwell. New York 71 MAEY HOWlTT. — In a notice of this aged authoress, who died the other day at Rome, it is stated that the plot of one of her earUer novels was laid in Wales. What is the title of the novel ? Spenser. ZACHARIAH WILLIAMS, THE MATHEMATICIAN.-- Can any reader of Old W elsh Chips say where this noted mathema- tician — " one of the few mathematicians produced by the Principality of Wales " — was born, the county in Wales and the parish. He had a celebrated literary daughter, Anna Williams, born in 1706 (Where ?), the friend of Dr. Johnson. Cambria. HISTORY OF WALES, BY JOHN ROLAND PHILLIPS. -—In the year 1878, Mr. Phillips announced that he had in .preparation a History of Wales and the Marches during the Commonwealth, and continued down to the accession of William of Orange. Was this work published ? If so, when, and by whom published ? Mr. Phillips during his life-time has written much of value pertaining to Wales, and it would be of considerable value and interest if a complete list of works written and published by him were known. Perhaps some kind friend will give this needed information^ Henry Blackwell. New York. MR. J^ENTON'S ^CARMARTHEN SHIRE TOUR." — Mr. Fenton wrote a fairly good history of Pembrokeshire, under the modest title of a " Tour" ; he also contemplated performing a similar service for Carmarthenshire. Indeed, he expressly postponed speaking of the Rev. Rhys Prichard in the place with which he is connected in Pembrokeshire, so that he may not break in upon what he should say when he came to write the history of Llandovery. Evidently he must have collected a good deal of material for his Carmarthenshire "Tour." What iias become of it ? In whose possession are his papers ? MORGANU. 72 DE. BOWLAND WILLIAMS.— A short account of Dr. Rowland Williams, of Lampeter, a contributor to the celebrated Essays and Reviews, would be very interesting. Can any of your readers supply ? Penhengroes. DR. W. 0. PUGHE.— A short account of the life and labours of Dr. W. 0. Pughe, the Lexicographer, would be much appreciated. Penhengroes. RICHARD PRICE, D.D.— Some of your readers may perhaps be able to enlighten me with some particulars of a Glamorganshire author of some note of the last century — Richard Price, D.D., who was born at Llangenior in 1723, and died in 1791. His principal works were: — Review of the principal questions and difficulties in Morals (1758), Three dissertations on " Prayer,'' Miraculoiis Evidences of Christianity,'' and On the reasons for " expecting that virtiums men shall meet after death in a state of ** happiness " (1767) ; and A Free Discussion of the Doctrines of Materialism (1778). I believe a life of Dr. Price saw daylight in 1815, the author's name being Morgan. Can any of your readers say if there have been any modern reprints of Dr. Price's works, which I believe are of great theological value ? POWYS. Newport (Mon.), February 20th, 1^88. WELSH NOTES AND QUERIES.— What papers have a notes and queries column relating to Welsh matters, besides the Oswestry Advertiser, Cardiff Weekly Mail, and the Brecon County Times ? It would be a good idea if some one paper in each county of Wales had an antiquarian column, republishing same in pamphlet form quarterly ; much valuable information to the future historians of Wales would thereby be preserved. The same could also be said if the two Welsh papers published in America — Drych and Wasg — would do likewise, for they then could collect and preserve considerable important information relative to the early Welsh in America, as the Welsh in America have 73 had considerable influence in the formation of American history. These notes and queries columns, if conducted with the right spirit, are of the highest and lasting value to historians and antiquarians, and will be a boon to the Welsh people in their pursuits for historical, biographical, genealogical, and the bibliographical information. Henry Black well. New York. REPLIES, THE MABINOGION.— In reply to your correspondent " Dowlais," [p. 32] the following works by Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest (afterwards Schreiber) are in the library of the British Museum : — 1. The Mabinogion from Llyfr Coch o Hergest and other ancient Welsh Manuscripts— with an English translation. 3 vols. London and Llandovery (printed at^, 1849. 8vo. 2. A Second Edition. London, 1877-8. 8vo. This is an abridged edition ; the Welsh text is omitted. 8. The Boy's Mabinogion. Being the earliest tales of King Arthur in the famous Red Book of Hergest. Illustrated. Edited by Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest. London, 1881. 8vo. (pp. XX— 360). 4. A duplicate of the above, published by Scribner and Sons, New York. 1881. 8vo. (pp. xx— 361). Silurian. REVIEWS. A Popular History of the Ancient British Church, by E. J. Newell, M.A. Published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1887. 2s. 6d. This little handbook is one of the useful and informing series published by this well-known Society, of which Professor Ehys' Celtic Britain is another. Mr. Newell is one of our most painstaking antiquarians, and believes in " proving all things." We must have original and authentic sources of 74 information : in the past history of Wales there has been such a free admixture of baseless superstition with veritable fact, that it requires special knowledge to separate the one from the other. The Church question in Wales is, unfortunately a burning question, but that only accentuates the need of careful and reliable information on her early history. Mr. Newell's work, although small in compass, gives the result of much research, and as an historical study, pure and simple, its pages should have abundant interest for all true well-wishers of the Princi- pality. In twenty concise chapters Mr. Newell has popularized and clearly elucidated a much-neglected branch of our national history. The chapters on the early Welsh Monasteries are particularly good, as also those on the Welsh Bishoprics, and we have a very able statement of the case of the Celtic Church at the time of her noble struggle for independence of the See of Kome. Everybody who takes an interest in Welsh Archaeology should possess a copy of this excellent little work, as it possesses special attractiveness for the people of the Principality." Handbook of the Origin of Place -Names in Wales and Mon- MouTHsmRE. By the Rev. Thomas Morgan, Dowlais. Pub- hshed for the Author by H. W. Southey, Merthyr, 1887. 2s. 6d. This little work, again, is specially useful and singularly interesting to the local philologist. It is interesting to trace the "origin of things," especially the names of j^laces, which often yield a good deal of historic lore. Many of the names of towns, villages, and churches in Wales betoken past events of the greatest importance. This is so with the county of Brecon, and we believe with most of the other Welsh counties. The very name of Brecknock — Brycheiniog — takes us back to the cliival- rous days when Prince Brychan fought for Home Rule, but the sturdy Norman conqueror, Bernard Newmarch, vanquished Brychan, "the last Prince of Brecon," just as later on the Edwards' and the Henrys' vanquished Prince Llewelyn and Owen Glyndwr. What historical associations the very names of Bedd- 75 gelert and Cefn-y-bedd conjure up ? But our author has omitted any mention of the latter historical spot in his book. We turned to " Breconshire " for Cefn-y-bedd, but was disappointed. We tried Radnorshire," but could not find it. The associations of Cefn-y-bedd are even more national — and this is the day of Nationalistic fevers ! — than are those of that tourist-infested spot in the north, Beddgelert. However, Mr. Morgan has done his work well. His derivations, we have no doubt, will raise the ire of some of the specialists who dabble in Welsh philology, but Mr. Morgan will have the satisfaction of knowing that mstead of talking and speculating on the origin of Welsh names, he has accomplished much more — written a book on the subject, and we are bound to say the author is to be congratulated upon having produced such an interesting book. " What is in a name ? " We reply a book of 220 closely written pages of valuable national and philological information. The book deserves a wide sale, because its inception must have cost almost endless toil and labour. As there are a lot of Westoiis in England, and each one has to be particularized, i.e., *' Weston- super-Mare," etc., so the reader will not be astonished to learn that there are scores of Llanfairs in Wales, and to obviate mistakes it is necessary to describe the Llanfair at the Anglesea end of the Britannia Tubular Bridge as — LlanvairpwUgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwlltysiliogogogoch. We shall be glad to_send a copy of this excellent little manual to any address for 2s. 9d. post free. SUPERSTITIOUS FOLK-LORE. To the Editor of " Old Welsh Chips." Sir, — I apprehend that when you state that no superstitious folk-lore will be admitted in your valuable publication, you mean the oft-repeated superstitions about corpse candles, the "moving of the curtain " by the wind just before death happens, and such- 76 like rubbish. I have no doubt you have, in your own mind, already drawn a distinction between these ** signs and wonders " and Imtorical legend. In the absence of historical fact, historical legend may, sometimes, be relied upon as secondary evidence, though I admit it is of a very imperfect and inconclusive character oftentimes. — I am, etc., HiSTORICUS. [We do draw a wide distinction between historical legend and dream-book folk-lore of a ridiculously superstitious character. —Ed. -O.W.C."] WELSH LITERARY AND ART NOTES. The widow of John Ceiriog Hughes has been placed on the Civil List for a pension of £50 a year, in consideration of her husband's literary services to Wales. Ceiriog " was one of the most popular poets in Whales, and this announcement will give general satisfaction to Welshmen of all classes. General satisfaction is expressed by the Welsh press at the Eev. C. H. Spurgeon's recent reference to the Welsh language as ** that most noble of tongues." Mary Howitt died at Rome on January 30th. One of her later novels is said to have dealt with Welsh life. The Duke of Beaufort, K.G., the head of the Somerset family, who was born in Paris on February 1st, 1824, completed his 64th year on Tuesday, February 1st, 1888. The late Dr. Bull, of Hereford, the editor of the Herefordshire Pomona, was engaged at the time of his death in collecting and editing Notes on the Birds of Herefordshire, furnished by the members of the Woolhope Club ; and they are now to be published for the first time in a complete form. Besides descriptive notices of the more familiar birds, the occasional appearance of rare visitors is carefully noted. 77 Two Swansea vocalists, Miss Hannah Jones and Mr David Hughes, are announced to take part in the next performance of the Elijah at the Koyal Albert Hall. A Government survey is being made of the dangerous Platters Eocks, which are such an obstacle to vessels entering Holyhead harbour. Several public bodies have petitioned for their destruction. Mr James Williams Bowen, Q.C, died at his residence, Plasybridell, near Cardigan, the other day. The deceased was called to the Bar in 1851, and was well known for a great number of years as a leading barrister on the South Wales Circuit. For a considerable time, owing to his ill-healthy he had lived in retirement at Plasybridell. The East Anglian says the Rev. Elias Owen's Old Stone Crosses of the Vale of Clwyd "is so rich in antiquarian inform- ation not necessarily confined to the subject of stone crosses, that we do not hesitate to say, whether regarded as a treatise upon those interesting ancient memorials, or taken as a repertory of folk-lore, and old-time manners and customs, it is equal to, if indeed it does not surpass, any similar collection with which we are acquainted." The Australian folk inhabiting New South Wales are in quest of "a new name" for their wonderfully progressive Colony. Tiiey wish to take the name of " Cambria," but then that is already national copyright at home. We agree with Mr. Arnold- Foster, that the name of *' Cambria " is at once " short, sugges- tive, and euphonious, and having the great advantage that it can be used adjectively," and we also think the Editor of the Spectator has clenched matters by his short editorial note to Mr. Arnold-Foster's letter : " Why not, New Cambria, then ? " Wales can have no possible objection to that title, but otherwise she will place her foot down against her Colonial sons and daughters poaching upon her nomenclature home preserves. What's in a name ? " A good deal when it is Celtic. 78 " The Druids' Chorus,'' a new work for male voices, by Dr. Joseph Parry, composer of Emmanuel, will shortly be produced in Wales. The libretto is by Mr Kinnersley Lewis, author of a Hymn to the Eternal, who has also published several poems on Welsh national themes. The work is intended to represent the attack of Suetonius Paulinus on the Druids of Mona. The librettist has represented the Druids as being surprised at their devotions at night in the temple of Ceridwen. Welsh musicians of all grades will be interested to know that Mr. Joseph Bennett, the well-known musical critic, has promiseid to read a paper before the Cymmrodorion Society, in the course of the ensuing session, on "The Possibilities of Welsh Music." Mr. Bennett, it will be remembered, was one of the musical adjudicators at the Cardiff Eisteddfod. Since then he has acted in a similar capacity at the London Eisteddfod, and in other connections. He is also a diligent attendant of Welsh musical festivals, so that he is entitle 1 to speak with authority on the subject he has selected for his paper. The 1888 Lecture Session of the Cymmrodorion Society opened on Monday, January 30th, with a paper by Mr J. C. Parkinson, D.C.L., on " The Eisteddfod in England." Mr. Parkinson, who is Managing Director of the Newport Docks Company, and a well-known figure in Metropolitan Society, has had experience of the Eisteddfod in Wales, for in 1885 he attended and presided at one of the meetings held at Aberdare, and this year he was present at all the meetings of the London Eisteddfod. One morning, after a solemn conclave, the degree of Arch Ofydd was conferred upon him by the bards in Gorsedd. He is known amongst the bardic fraternity as " Amman," from Aberaman House, where, in the absence of his father-in-law. Sir George Eliott, he dispensed generous hospitality to the Eisteddfodwyr of 1885. The syllabus of the Session deals with many and varied topics. Not the least interesting is a paper promised by Mr. E. Sidney Hartland, of Swansea, a well-known folk-lorist, on "Welsh 79 Folk Medicine in the Middle Ages," based on " Meddygon Myddfai." There is much to be said on this very attractive subject, and Mr. Hartland is entitled to the gratitude of all who take delight in the folk-lore of the Ancient Cymry. Archaeo- logists, on the other hand will look to Mr. Stephen W. Williams's (of Ehayader) paper on the "Excavations and Discoveries at Strata Florida Abbey." Mr Williams has already treated this subject before the Cambrian Archteological Society, but he pro- poses to extend his researches, and 1 have the best authority for saying that his paper before the Cymmrodorion Society throws much light on the interesting problems connected with the remains of the ancient Abbey at Ystradfflur. Professor Rhys, whose Hibbert lectures will, I understand, be out in March, has promised a paper, probably on " Toliesin.''— Correspondent. The current number of the Academy contains a learned and appreciative criticism by M. Henri Gaidoz, editor of the Revue Celtique, on the first volume of Mr. Gwenogfryn Evans's "Diplomatic Reproductions of Welsh Texts." Incidentally he refers to the inaccuracies which have thus far greatly increased the difficulties of philologists who study Welsh from the early texts. Lady Charlotte Guest's Mabinogimi, despite the care with which the text had been copied by the Rev. John Jones (Tegid), contained some very evident errors which cast suspicion on the rest. Canon Williams's reproductions of the Hengwrt MSS. did not follow the recognised rules for text publication, and it is not even certain that he always copied his MS. faithfully ; and Mr. Skene in his "Four Ancient Books of Wales," has, unhappily, often misread the MSS. The next volume of Mr Gwenogfryn Evans's series, the " LlyfyrDu Caerfyrddin," as M. Gaidoz points out, will correct the work of Mr Skene so far as one of the "four ancient books" is concerned, for the MS. being difficult to decipher and also unique, Mr Evans disarms criticism in advance by using photography to reproduce it. Dealing with the text of the Mabinoyion from the Red Book of Hergest, as edited by Professor Rhys and Mr. Gwenogfryn Evans, M. Gaidoz 80 observes that it remedies all former imperfections, and that the result is "an Edition which if the MS. were to perish would make up for the loss." M. Gaidoz does not deal with the Mahinogion themselves, but notes that the careful and searching studies of Mr. Alfred Nutt — who is now engaged on similar work in connection with the Grail Legend — deserves to be honourably mentioned. WELSH EDUCATION NOTES. Professor McKenny Hughes has recently read a paper before the Chester Natural Science Society, entitled, " Bones of Con- tention in the Vale of Clwyd," in allusion to the scientific dispute as to whether the remains found in the Caegwyn Cave are pre- glacial, Professor Hughes maintaining the latter theory. Miss Dilys Davies, who spoke upon the subject of girls' education in Wales at the Shrewsbury Conference, is a sister of Miss Mary Davies, the popular singer. Miss Mary Davies, like her sister, takes great interest in the progress of the educational movement in Wales. Miss E. P. Hughes, who moved the resolu- tion urging that girls' interests should be considered equally with those of boys in the future educational provisions of the Principality, affords another example of the way in which the Higher Education of a few women may benefit the rest. Miss Hughes was for some time a teacher in Cheltenham College — the well-known girls' school over which Miss Dorothea Beale presides. She afterwards entered Newnham College, obtained an honourable place in two of the University tripos examinations, and was chosen to conduct the Training College for Women recently opened in Cambridge. Through her appointment as member of the Council of Aberystwith College, Miss Hughes obtains an opportunity, which she has not been slow to use, of urging forward the education of her countrywomen. #(& mulsh €t\ips. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales: March 31st, 1888. No. 3 CHARLES PRATT, EARL CAMDEN. BOEN A.D. 1713. DIED 1794. Few men have such claims to the gratitude and admiration of his countrymen as the illustrious character whose life and political merits we are now about to sketch. Charles Pratt was the third son of Sir John Pratt, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench under George I., by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of the Kev. Hugh Wilson, canon of Bangor. He was born in 1713, the year before his father was raised to the Bench. He received the first rudiments of his education at Eton, and afterwards studied at King's College ; he was remarkably diligent and studious, and particu- larly versed in the history and constitution of his country. After taking his Master-^ degree, in 1735, he entered himself a student of the Inner Temple, and was in due time admitted to the Bar. Mr. Pratt, after having been called to the Bar, not- withstanding his family connexions and his own personal character, was nearly nine years in the profession without getting in any degree forward. Whether this arose from a natural timidity of constitution, or ill luck, or despondence, it is now difficult to tell ; but the fact was so, and he was so dis-spirited by it that he had some thoughts of relinquishing the profession of the law and retiring to his college, where he might be sure of a church living, that would afford him a small but honourable 82 independence.-'' Brooding over these melancholy thoughts, he went, as usual, the Western Circuit, resolving to make one more experiment, and then take his final determination. He had, from his first setting out in his profession, been very intimate with Mr. Henley, afterwards Lord Northington, and Lord High Chancellor of England, — a man who, with the talents of wit and conversation, was esteemed a good lawyer, and capable of strong and lasting friendship. Henley, at this time, was rising rapidly at the Bar, and was concerned in most of the great causes on the circuit. He was the ''amicus omnium horarum" of Pratt, but knew nothing of the embarrassments of his friend's affairs, till the other, availing himself of a leisure hour, confided his cares to him with all the frankness and unreservedness of an old and intimate colleague. Henley heard him throughout with a seeming and anxious composure, and then burst out into a horse-laugh, exclaiming in his strong manner : ** What ! turn parson at last ! " No, Charles; you shan't be a priest neither! You shall do " better for yourself — and that quickly, too. Let me see, — I'm *' concerned in a cause that will suit you to a hair, — you shall be ** concerned in it too, — it is on the popular side, and will do you " credit. So let me hear no more of this canting business of " turning parson : you have abilities that run before us all, but " you must endeavour to scour off a little of that d — ned modesty ** and diffidence you have about you to give them fair play." In this rough familiar manner Henley rallied the spirits of his friend, and he followed up his advice with sagacity and cordiality. When his clients' attorney called upon him to arrange the particulars of the cause, he asked him whether he had retained * Mr Pratt's case was by no means singular, even in his own day. Some of the neatest luminaries of the law in his time passed through the same ordeal. Sir Fletcher Norton, afterwards Lord Grantley, was some years before he got into notice. Mr. Dunning, afterwards Lord Ashburton, received but twenty guineas the first year, and for three years afterwards did not get above one hxmdred pounds. Sir George Hay, no less a civilian than a man of fine general talents, was for three or four years in so little practice as to be scarcely able by his prof essiou to keep up the port of a gentleman. 83 Pratt? "Pratt! Pratt!" said the attorney, "Who ia Mr. *♦ Pratt, sir ? " " Who is Mr. Pratt ? The question shows you to ** be a country attorney, or you should know better. Go to him " directly and engage him, as I would not have a man of his " abilities aganist me on any consideration." The attorney did as he was directed, and Mr. Pratt was retained in the cause. Henley was taken ill upon the day of the trial, and Mr. Pratt took the lead, and won the admiration of his brother barristers and the whole court by the display he made. In short, the issue of that day's trial was, that besides gaining his cause, he gained the reputation of an eloquent, profound, and constitutional lawyer. When Pratt returned to London, he found the bruit of his professional fame — (which his friend Henley took care to cultivate by all the good offices in his power) — had reached the Metropolis before him. The second great event which called out his professional talents, and placed his fame on that basis which rendered it marked and permanent, and for ever after shielded and protected it from neglect and insecurity, was the celebrated case of Owen, the bookseller, for publishing *' A Defence of '* Alexander Murray, Esq.," 1751. In the contested election between Lord Wennam and Sir James Dashwood on one side, and Lord Parker and Sir Edward Turner on the other ; Mr. Pratt was counsel for the former, and distinguished himself in a manner that not only elevated his character as a lawyer, but marked him out as an able defender of the constitutional rights of his country. Mr. Pitt was the " auditor tantum " of this celebrated contest. But charmed with the eloquence, the pro- fessional skill, and the integrity of his new friend, he gave him his unreserved confidence, and from this hour they were the Pylades and Orestes of their time. W^ith these warm professions in favour of his friend, when Mr. Pitt came to be appointed Secretary of State, in 175G, he appointed Mr. Pratt his private counsellor, with a handsome salary, in order, as that great man declared, " not only to have the benefit of such advice, but to *' guard against any inroads which he otherwise might unintoa- 84 tionally make on the laws and constitution of his country." In 1757 Mr. Pratt was made Attorney-General in the room of Sir Eobert Henley, made Lord Keeper. Mr. Pitt jocosely played upon the temper of his friend on this occasion, by telling him he was appointed Attorney-General. " Not for the world, sir," said he, to the prejudice of my oldest and best friend, " Henley ! " Well, but suppose we kick this old friend of yours "up to the House of Lords, will that do ? In fact, the thing is so ; Henley is made Lord Keeper, and I wish you joy, most " sincerely, of your appointment of Attorney- General." From the office of Attorney-General, Mr. Pratt ascended the Bench, being appointed Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1762, after having been chosen representative for Down- ton, Wiltshire, in 1759, and made Recorder of Bath the same year. Writing to his friend Dr. Davies, at this period, he says : I remember you prophesied formerly that I should be a chief- *' justice, or perhaps something higher. Half is come to pass : *' I am Thane of Cawdor ; but the greater is behind, and if that fails me, you are still a false prophet. Joking aside, I am retired out of this bustling world to a place of sufficient profit, *• ease, and dignity, and believe that I am a much happier man ttian tlie highest post in the law could have made me." In his j-udicial capacity he manifested great independence and impartiality. In 1763, when John Wilkes, after being con- veyed to the Tower on a general warrant, was brought up by virtue of a writ of habeas corpus, the Chief Justice discharged him ; it being his opinion, as he subsequently stated on the trial of an action brought by Wilkes against the messenger who had arrested him, that general warrants, excepting in cases of high treason, were illegal. When Wilkes was brought up before the Court, the Lord Chief Justice Pratt, in delivering the resolution of the Court, which was unanimous, said : *' When this return was read, my brother Glynn, counsel for Mr. Wilkes, " made two objections; and though these should fail him, he " insisted that Mr. Wilkes, from the nature of his particular 85 *' station and character, as being a member of the House of ** Commons, was entitled to privilege of Parliament, and ought for that reason alone to be discharged from his present imprisonment. To begin with the objections, — the first was '* that it did not by the warrant appear that Mr. Wilkes stood ** charged with any evidence with being the author of the libel '* described in the warrant. The true question arising upon this " objection is, whether stating the evidence be essential to the ** validity of the warrant ? and upon this point we are all clearly ** of opinion that the warrant is good." Having stated the reasons of this opinion, his lordship went on to say : The other ** objection was, that the libel itself ought to be set forth in hcec " verba ; but upon that point, too, we are all clearly of opinion " that the warrant is good. It was urged that the specific cause " of the detention onght to be stated with certainty, and, there- *' fore, if a man be committed for felony, the warrant must •* briefly mention the species of felony. Now, the species of every ** offence must be collected by the magistrates out of the evidence, *' he is answerable only for the inference he deduces from it. As '* to a libel, the evidence is partly internal and partly external. *' The paper itself may not be complete and conclusive evidence, ** for it may be dark and unintelligible without inuendos, which *' are the external evidence. There is no other name but that of libel applicable to the offence of libelling, as we know the ** offences of horse-stealing, forgery, &c., by the names which '* the law annexed to them. But two reasons were urged ** why the libel ought to be stated. First, it was said ** without the Court cannot judge whether it be libel or not : ** the answer is, that the Court ought not in this proceeding to '* give any judgment of that sort, as it would tend to prejudica- ** tion, and take away the office of a jury, and to create an " improper influence. The other reason was, that, unless the *' libel be stated, the Court cannot be able to determine on the *' quantity of bail : the answer here is, that regard to the nature " of the offence is the only rule in bailing." But then," continued his lordship, there remains to be considered whether 86 ♦* Mr. Wilkes ought not to be discharged. The king's counsel *' have thought fit to admit that he was a member of the House of Commons, and we are bound to take notice of it. In the case of the seven bishops the Court took notice of their privilege, from their description in the warrant. In the " present case there is no suit depending ; here no writ of *' privilege can, therefore, issue — no plea of privilege can be received : it rests, and must rest, on the admission of the *' counsel for the Crown ; it is fairly before us upon that *' admission, and we are bound to determine it." Having quoted cases, his lordship went on : " What, then, is the •'present case? Mr. Wilkes, a member of the House of *' Commons, is committed for being the author and publisher of an infamous and seditious libel. Is a libel, ijyao facto in itself, ** an actual breach of the peace ? Dalton, in his Justice of the *• Peace, defines a libel as ' a thing tending to the breach of the *' peace.' In Sir Baptist Hicks' case it is called a provocation to " a breach of the peace." After citing cases of other judges' opinion, he goes on : '* Perhaps it appears an absurdity to *' demand sureties of the peace from a libeller. However, what *' was done in the case of the seven bishops I am bold to deny " was law. Upon the whole, though it be admitted that sureties of tlie peace are requirable from Mr. Wilkes, still his privilege " ol Parliament will not be taken away till sureties have been " demanded and refused. Let him be discharged." Thus far as to the point of privilege. Mr. Wilkes, after his liberation, it is well known, complained to the House of Commons of a breach of privilege, by the imprisonment of his person, and commenced an action in the Court of Common Pleas against Eobert Wood, Esq., the Under Secretary of State, for seizing his papers. On the 26th of December, 1763, this cause was tried before the Lord Chief Justice and a special jury, at the defendant's desire, when, after a hearing of nearly fifteen hours, a verdict was given for Mr. Wilkes, with one thousand pounds damages, and full costs of suit. On this occasion the Lord Chief Justice closed his 87 charge to the jury in the following words: "This warrant is '* unconstitutional, illegal, and absolutely void. It is a genera 1 " warrant directed to four messengers to take up any persons ** without naming or describing them with any certainty, and to bring them, together with their papers. If it be good, a " Secretary of State can delegate and depute anyone of the '* messengers, or any even from the lowest of the people, to take " examinations to commit or release, and in fine to do every act which the highest judicial officers the law knows can do or " order. There is no authority in our law books that mentions ** these kind of warrants, but in express terms condemn them." " Upon the maturest consideration," his lordship continued, " I " am bold to say that this warrant is illegal. But I am far from '* wishing a matter of this consequence should rest solely on my *' opinion ; I am only one of twelve whose opinions I am desirous should be taken in this matter, and I am very willing *' to allow myself the meanest of the twelve. There is also a still higher Court before which this matter might be canvassed, ** and whose determination is final. If these higher jurisdictions *• should declare my opinions erroneous, I submit, as will become me, and kiss the rod ; but I must say, I shall always consider " such a state of the law a rod of iron for the chastisement of ** the people of Great Britain." The popularity which the Chief Justice acquired by his decided and constitutional opinion on general warrants spread far and near. The City of London presented him with the freedom of the Corporation in a gold box, and voted that his portrait, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, should be placed in Guildhall. The Corporations of Bath, Dublin, Exeter, and Norwich followed the example. Songs were sung at all the patriotic meetings, as well as in the streets, in honour of his spirit and integrity ; and toys and handkerchiefs, &c., bore the effigies of this defender of the rights of the Constitution. [To be continued). Brecon. A.S. 88 RICHARD PRICE, D.D. Eichard Price was born at Tyiiton, near Bridgend, in Glamorganshire, in 1723. His father, Kees Price, was a Nonconformist minister, and succeeded the well-known Samuel Jones, M.A., Brynllywarch, as pastor and schoolmaster. When a mere boy, he was sent to a Grammar School, kept by one Samuel Jones, at Llanddarog, Carmarthenshire. In the year 1739 he went to Llvvynllwyd Academy, near Hay, in Breconshire, over which Vavasor Griffiths presided. We may remark that the immortal William Williams, Pantycelyn, was at Llwynllwyd Academy at that time. On the death of Kichard's father, who strongly disliked his son's liberality of sentiment, the young man found himself so poorly provided for, that, wishing to complete his education in London, he was compelled to do most of the journey on foot. His uncle, the Rev. Samuel Price, was at that time Dr. Watts' co-pastor in London. Richard went straight from Glamorganshire to his uncle, and obtained admission, through his influence, into a Presbyterian College in London. After four years' study under Mr. Eames he engaged himself as chaplain to a Mr. Streatfield, with whom he lived thirteen years, who, on his death, left the young Welshman some property. By the death of his uncle, who died unmarried, his circumstances were further improved, and he was enabled to carry out a matrimonial engagement he had formed with a Miss Blundell. He then became pastor of Stoke Newington, Old Jewry, and Old Gravel Pitt, successively. He commenced his literary career in 1758. His first work was '* Review of the Principal Questions and Difficulties in Morals " (8vo.) In 1767 he published his Four Dissertations on the Importance of Christianity," and *' The Nature of Historical Evidence and Miracles." Two years after the appearance of these works he received the diploma of D.D. from the University of Glasgow. In 1771 appeared his ''Observations on Reversionary Payments and Annuities." This work established his character as a mathematical calculator. This 89 was followed by his publication of the celebrated "Northampton Mortality Tables," and other valuable works, relating to life assurance and annuities. In 1776 he published *• An Appeal to the Public on the subject of the National Debt." During the contest with the American Colonies he advocated their cause in his Observations on Civil Liberty" (8vo.) This was soon followed by '* Additional Observations and Supplement." These tracts provoked the animadversions of a number of writers on the opposite side of the question, and exposed him to some obloquy, but also procured the author a vote of thanks from the Corporation of London, presented in a gold box. He engaged in an epistolary correspondence with his friend, Dr. Priestly, on the subjects of Materialism and Necessity, the substance of which was laid before the public in an octavo volume, in 1778. When Pitt became Prime Minister he consulted Dr. Price in his schemes for the reduction of the National Debt, and the establishment of the Sinking Fund was the result of his recommendation. At the commencement of the French Eevolution, in a sermon on " The Love of Country," he warmly expressed his delight at the emancipation of the French people. This discourse produced Burke's " Keflections," in which Dr. Price was severely treated. He died in London, in 1791, in his sixty-ninth year. He was of Arian views. Besides many papers on the Transactions of the Eoyal Society, of which he was a Fellow, he published Four Dissertations on Providence, Prayer, the State of Virtuous Men after Death " (1760 and 1768) ; " The Nature and Dignity of the Human Soul" (1766) ; " An Essay on the Present State of Population of England and Wales, with Morgan on Annuities " (1779) ; " An Essay on the Population of England from the Eevolution to the Present Time " (1780) ; The State of Public Debts and Finances assigning the Preliminary Articles of Peace" (1783); "Post- script " to the same (1784) ; " Observations on the Importance of the American Eevolution, and the Means of Making it Useful to the World " (1784), with several tracts and sermons besides. 90 Dr. Price was a mathematician and philosopher rather than a theologian — at least, as a mathematician he immortalized his name. It is doubtful whether any man of his time, in the Kingdom, if in Europe, excelled him as a mathematical calculator. A Breconshire man, the Eev. Samuel Price, the son of the Rev. Isaac Price, Llanwrtyd, married a niece of Dr. Richard Price. A biography of Dr. Price was written by his nephew, Mr. William Morgan, and published in 1815. I am not aware that there are any modern reprints of Dr. Price's works. John Davies. Pandy. OLD BRECON WILLS. [Continued from Page 54.] Feb. 19. 15 Jas. 1617 [1617-8] I Johan Parry of llan- devailogg trergraick * co. Brecon widow late wife of James Parry whilst he lived of Poston co. Hereford Esq. deceased. To be buried in Church of Uandevailogg trergraick if dying there &cc. To the Cathedral Church of St. Davids 2s. Church of Llandevailogg trer graick 5s. Poor of said par' at my funeral 40s. To the Bailief, Burgesses, and Corporation t of the towne of Brecon and their successors for ever £20 to be set out, for the use of four young tradesmen of the said town, selected by the Corporation, the said young men paying for the use thereof eighteen pence in the pound and putting in security &cc. to repay the stocke at the end of every year, so that it may be * The church of Llandefailog-tre'rgraig was rebuilt in 1710 by Rev. Gregory Parry, then residing at the mansion house. This family of Parry for many centuries possessed the whole of the parish The Rev. Gregory Parry married Elizabeth, daughter of Rhys Penry, Esq. The last male descendant was the Rev. Prebendary Gregory Parry, of Worcester, who died August 3rd, 1785. t Long reckoned among the "Lost Charities of Brecon." Either the Corporation or the " Exors." became " remiss," to use the phraseology of the will. 91 set forth as aforesaid to four other young men. Of the interest of the said £20, 10s. per ann' to be paid to an honest rehgious preacher for a sermon in the Ladie Chapel in the said town of Brecon on the first Sunday in every Lent and 20s. to be given on the same day to fourty poor people, namely sixpence to each : if the Corporation remiss &cc. Exors. to perform the trust. To loving son Blanche Parry gent, all those Mess' &cc. (including pues or seates"^ in Church or Churches landes") by me not formerly sufficiently conveyed to Blanch and Kichard Parry gentn. my sons in parishes &cc. of llandevailogg trer graick, Uanvillo, llywell, devinnock, Uandilorvadne, St. Davids in llan- vaes, llanspithitt, St. John the Evangelist the town of Brecon, and the liberties of the same, llanhamlach, llechvaene, or any of them, to him and his heirs. To my four nieces Johan, Elizabeth, Jaine, and Margaret Parry daughters of my said son Blanch Parryf £340 amongst them, namely £100 to Johan my goddaughter and £80 to Elizabeth, Jaine, and Margaret at their ages of 15, interest at twenty pence in the pound. Jewells plate household implements &cc. : to Elizabeth Powell my daughter wife to Thomas Powell]: Esq. my best tufftafita gowne my velvett kirtle and velvett hood ; to my servant Alice Vaughan &CC. ; residue of bodie apparel and jewels to four nieces. George Parry my nephew, son and heir apparent to Blanch Parry my son, the residue of my household stuff as well at my house at Landevailogg trer^ graick &cc. as within my house within the towne of Brecon, the occupation of the same to my son Blanch Parry for life. To my nephews Gregorie and William Parry two younger sons of the said Blanch Parry my son, all my Kyne oxen &cc. within the said par. of Llandevailogg trer * Evidently the parish church in those days did not belong to the nation Fancy vested interests in pues or seates." t Blanch Parry married Anne, daughter of Thomas Morgan, of Blackmoor ; he died 9th December, 1640, leaving issue George, Gregory, and William. Was High Sheriff co. Brecknock, 1619. X Probably Thomas Powell, of Talyllyn, High Sheriff in 1610 ; or Thomas PoweU, bailiff of Brecknock, 1597. 92 graick. Joint Executors my most loving and obedient son Blanch Parry gent, and my loving cousin Edward Games of Newton co. Brecon Esq. Overseers my very loving cousins Charles Vaghan f of Tretowre co. Brecon Esq. and Charles Walcot I of Buiellt said co. Esq., fourty shillings apiece. Eesidue to said Exors. Witness Edward Games, William Vaghan, § Lewis Meredith, || Thomas Vaughan, David Jone elk., Thomas Gunter,1i Thomas Games, Meredith Games, Henry Proberd, John Gunter, Thomas Phillipps, Howel Walter,'''^' John Richard. Proved Ap. 6. 1618 by Exors. [C.P.C. Meade. 30] . Admon. C.P.C. 1584-5 March 2. Parry George of Poston ft CO. Hereford Esq. to John Parry the next of kin. June 21. 1589. 81 Eliz. 1. Blaunche Parrye H one of * Son of Sir John Games, by his second wife, Eliza, daughter of Meredith Games. He married Bridget, daughter of Sir William Vaughan, of Falston, Wilts, and died s.p. t Charles Vaughan, of Tretwr, son of William Vaughan, by Frances Somerset. High Sheriff co of Brecknock, 1621. X Charles Walcot was High Sheriff in 1598 ; came from Shropshire; he married, secondly, Eliza, daughter of Sir John Games, by whom he had six sons and one daughter. § Willia,m Vaughan, bailiff of Brecknock, 1592. il Lewis Meredith, bailiff of Brecknock, 1604 and 1607. II One of the Gunters of Chilston ** Howell Walter, Alderman of Brecknock, 1591. There is a Thomas Walter, of the town of Brecon, Merchant, mentioned in an abstract of the will of WiUiam Aubrey, of Brecon (26 Henry VIII. - 1535). tt Parry of Poston was a branch of the notable Herefordshire family of Parry, Miles, or Ap Harry. Henry Myle, son to Myle ap Harry, married Alice, one of the eleven daughters and coheirs of Simon Milborne, of Tillington, co. Hereford. Simon M. died August 14th, 14 Henry VIII. ; the inquisition after his death was taken at Hereford, June 7th, 16 Henry VIII. Two of his daughters and coheirs were found to be Blanch Herbert, widow, late wife of Sir William Herbert, knt., aged 35 and more i first married to Whitney), and Alice Miles, widow, late wife to Henry Miles, Esq , aged 33 and more. This last named Henry Miles, otherwise Parry, had, by Alice Milbourne his wife, several children, of whom one Blan:h Parry reached a great age, remaining always a spinster. Her will is in C.P.C. Drury, fo. 16 XX See sketch of Mrs Blanche Parry, in ** Old Brecknock Chips," in Brecon County Times for February 18th, 1887, by the Editor. Mrs Blanche Parry lived to a great age ; she attended Queen Elizabeth from her cradle, and was with her Majesty in all varieties of fortune and all her progresses. 93 the gentlewomen of the Queen's Majestie's Privy Chamber, to be buried at St. Margaret's Westminster near unto my nephew John Vaghan. To the Queen's most excellent Majesty my Sovereign Lady and Mistress my best diamond &cc. She gives diamonds to Sir Xtofher Hatton, Lord Burleigh, Lady Cobham, Lord Lumley, &cc. Amongst a very large number of bequests to relations she gives ^610 to Blaunch Parry ^- son of James Parry. She gives £800 for the expenses of her funeral. Her will was proved Mar. 5 1589-90 by Thomas Powell and Hugh Bethell her Exors. Joan, widow to James Parry, of Poston, whose will is given above, is described in a Visitation Pedigree as " daughter to John a Morgan of Brecknocke." C.P.C. Admon. 1585. Mar. 81. Sir Koger Vaughan t of Porthamell co. Brecon knt., to Eobert Prosser | of Talgarth CO. Brecon gent, the cousin, fo. 184 B. 1614. May 27. Vaughan Edward of Llangorsen co. Brecon to Alice the relict. 1601-2 Feb. 16. Penry Philip of Llandebeia co. Carmarthen gent., to Morgan Penry the son. 1602. Dec. 8. Penry Timothy of St. Martin's in ffields, widow renouncing &cc. fo. 140. 1624. Aug. 2^. Penry David of City of Westminster to WiUiam Penry the son. fo. 108. A.S.M. * Blanch Parry above, son of Johan Parry, widow, of Llandefailog tre'r- graig. t Sir Roger Vaughan, son of Sir "William Vaughan, of Porthamal, Talgarth, who was the first High Sheriff of Brecknock. Sir Roger was High Sheriff in 1550. Sir Roger married Catherine, daughter of Sir George Herbert, by whom he had five sons. X Walter Prosser, of Trefecca, was High Sheriff co. of Brecknock, 1592. 94 LIST OF WELSH DICTIONARIES. [See Januaky, p. 33.] (WELSH-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-WELSH). 1547. *'A Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe moche necessary to all such Welshemen as will spedly learn the Englyshe tongue : By William Salesbury." This was the first dictionary, or alphabetical list of Welsh words with English equivalents, ever printed. A reprint of this dictionary has been issued by the Society of Cymmrodorion, London, in four parts, under the directions of the late Eev. Kobert Jones, M.A., Kotherhithe (1877). Salesbury dedicated his dictionary to King Henry VIII., who expressed himself highly pleased with the work, and it was published under the patronage of his Eoyal Highness. It is recorded that several distinguished Welsh scholars in the reign of Elizabeth undertook the task together of compiling a Welsh dictionary, among whom were Dr. Morgan, the translator of the Bible into Welsh ; Dr. Powell, the historian ; Dr. John David Rhys, author of the Welsh-Latin Grammar ; Henry Perri, B.D., a native of Flintshire, who augmented and published a Welsh Rhetoric of Salesbury' s composure ; Henry Salesbury, M.A., a learned gentleman and critic, and author of a Welsh grammar printed in 1593. Unfortunately, this elaborate design did not appear in a practic- able form, for none were printed, and probably neither of the above learned gentlemen lived to complete the task. There lived at this time a very able and learned gentleman by the name of Thomas Williams, M.D., who wrote a Latin and Welsh Dic- tionary, but this was not printed while the author lived, but was placed by Dr. John Davies at the end of his own Welsh and Latin Dictionary, with an elaborate preface and some additions. 1632. A Welsh and Latin Dictionary, by the Rev. John Davies, D.D., a man of profound learning, and a great lover of his country. This was the masterpiece of all his work. Dr. 95 Davies was an eminent collector of the works of the ancient bards, and several volumes in his handwriting are preserved. 1688. *' The British Language in its Lustre"; or a copious Dictionary of Welsh and English, containing many more words than are in Dr. Davies's dictionary ; by Thomas Jones. The first edition of this dictionary, according to Dr. Pughe, was issued on the above date ; and it is noticed in a letter dated January 10th, 1688, written by Mr. Stephen Hughes, and men- tioned among the books then offered to the people of Wales for sale. Mr. Charles Edwards in the year 1676, at the end of one of the Kev. Thomas Gouge's works, and translated for the benefit of the people in Wales, deplores the want of a Welsh dictionary, and that it would be well if some learned gentlemen from North and South Wales took the matter in hand, and compiled between them a small dictionary for the use of the multitude (lluaws). To meet this want at this time, we find at the end of the same volume an interesting list of Welsh words arranged in alphabetical order, with explanations in language more familiar to the people of South Wales, by S.H. A second edition of Thomas Jones's dictionary was published at Shrews- bury, printed by Stafford Pryse, bookseller, in the year 1777. [Blwyddyn y tair cail.) 1707. Archaeologia Britannica," by the Eev. Edward Llwyd, wherein he inserted a collection of a few hundred words which were omitteJ in the dictionary of Dr. Davies. 1737. •* The Enghsh and Welsh Dictionary, or the EngHsh before the Welsh, containing all the words that are necessary to understand both languages, but more especially for the trans- lation of the English into Welsh. Wherein you may easily find the Welsh word or words to every English word. Originally began by John Koderick, and now finished and compleated with several hundred additional words by the Kev. John Williams, Eector of Willey, Shropshire, and Mr. Lewis Evans, of Llan- dessilio. Shrewsbury : Printed and sold by Thomas Durston." 96 1753. Antiquse Linguae Britannicse Thesaures," a Welsh and English Dictionary, wherein Welsh words are often exem- plified by select quotations from celebrated ancient authors, to which are annexed a Welsh and Enghsh Botanology, a large collection of Welsh Proverbs, and a compendious Welsh Gram- mar, and the Eules of Welsh Poetry, by the late Kev. Thomas Eichards, Coychurch. This excellent work has gone through four editions, the last being greatly enlarged, and published at Merthyr Tydfil by Thomas Price, 1839. 1771. EngHsh and Welsh Dictionary, by the Eev. WilHam Evans, a student at Caermarthen College. Printed by John Eoss, at Caermarthen. A second edition of this dictionary was also printed in 1812. 1770 — 1794. An Enghsh-Welsh Dictionary, wherein not only the words but also the Idioms and Phraseology of the English Language are carefully translated into Welsh by proper and equivalent words and phrases... to which are subjoined The English Proverbs and Proverbial Expressions, ranged in their alphabetical order and rendered by corresponding ones in the Welsh tongue, by John Walters, Eector of Landough, Glamorgan- shire. Conditions, on Part I., issued early in 1770 : 1. The Work to be printed in Quarto, with the same letter and paper as this number ; 2. To be published in Numbers, each of which to consist of 12 sheets, at Two-pence per sheet. Cowbridge, printed by E. and D. Thomas. Part II. issued November, 1770 ; Part III. issued March, 1771 ; Part IV. issued January, 1772 ; Part V. issued end of 1772 ; Part VI. issued February, 1773 ; Part VII. issued September, 1773; Part VIII. issued March, 1774 ; Part IX. issued April, 1775 ; Part X. issued April, 1776 ; Part XL issued April, 1778; Part XII. issued 1780. Part XII. ends with the word Eampired," and is all that was printed of this Dictionary at the Cowbridge press. It may be worthy of notice that this was the first printing press set up in Glamorganshire. Mr. Eees Thomas was a Carmarthenshire man, who before that time had tried his success as a printer at 97 Llandovery, and had failed. He came to Cowbridge, I fear, burdened with debt, and a lawsuit of some sort hung round his neck long enough to bring him to the ground. His great job at Cowbridge was the printing of Mr. Walters' Dictionary. In 1777 the bailiffs seized his press, and Mr. Walters had to buy the press and stock-in-trade, partly to keep bread in the mouths of Thomas and family, and partly in the hope of completing the printing of the Dictionary. In the latter hope he was dis- appointed, for when the Dictionary had reached the above stage there was a complete collapse, and Thomas died. He is buried in a nameless grave ! at Landough ; record being made of the burial in the register by Mr. Walters himself. Under the influence of lolo Morganwg, Owen Jones ("Myfyr") now stepped forward, and put his shoulder to the wheel. The print- ing of the remaining parts of the Dictionary was done in London, and took fourteen years for its completion, which accounts for the date 1794 being on title page of the First Edition. Second Edition, 1815; Third Edition, 1828. Besides the Dictionary, Mr. Walters published a dissertation on the Welsh Language, and some sermons. He died in the year 1797. 1798. English-Welsh Dictionary, by the Kev. William Richards, LL.D., a Baptist minister, in a small octavo. This has gone through several editions. Mr. Kichards bequeathed his extensive library to Providence Seminary, Ehode Island, America, from which place he had previously received his diploma. He was the author of several works in English and Welsh. He was a native of Cardiganshire ; he was educated at Bristol, and became the pastor of a Baptist Church at Lynne, in 1776, where he ministered until his death, which took place in 1818, at the age of 69. 1801. The Rev. Thomas Jones, Ruthin, published an English-Welsh Dictionary, similar to the one above mentioned ; Second Edition, Denbigh, 1826. The author of this Dictionary was the one who translated into Welsh, Gurnal's " Christian Armour," and other works. He was also engaged by the Com- 98 mittee of the British and Foreign Bible Society, in conjunction with the Rev. T. Charles, of Bala, to correct a new impression of the Welsh Bible. 1803. Dictionary of the Welsh Language, by W. Owen Pughe, with numerous illustrations from the literary reviews, and from the living speech of the Cymry ; to which is prefixed a Welsh Grammar, 2 vols., London. The orthography of this edition was that of the old Welsh of the Bards of the first and second epoch. Second Edition, Denbigh, 1832. The author, in this edition, adopted a new orthography. Third Edition, and enlarged by R. J. Pryse, 2 vols, Denbigh, 1866—1873. 1806. A Welsh-English Dictionary, containing about 40,000 Welsh words, etc., by the late Rev. T. Lewis, and others. First Edition, Carmarthen ; Second Edition, Carmarthen, 1815. 1826. '* Y Cyneirlyfr." Being a Welsh Dictionary of con- siderable merit, and subjoined to it a Collection of Welsh Proverbs, by Edward Williams (lolo Vardd Glas). This book at present is scarce, and, sad to say, the reward this industrious writer received for his worthy efforts to promote the literature of his native Wales, was to spend the later end of his life, to the everlasting shame of his countrymen, at the Bridgend Workhouse, at which place he breathed his last. 1833. Dictionary Welsh and Enghsh, and Companion for the Sabbath School, by the late J. W. Thomas (Arfonwyson), Caernarfon. 1850. English and Welsh Dictionary, by Caerfallwch. Holywell : Printed by P. M. Evans. Geiriadwr, Gymraeg Cymraeg ; or Welsh Words Explained in Welsh, by the late Rev. Robert Ellis (Cynddelw). Caernarfon. H. Humphreys. Geiriadwr y Bard," or the Bard's Rhyming Dictionary. A very creditable performance of about 300 pp. Demy Octavo. By Cyndelw. Caernarfon. H. Humphreys. 99 Welsh-English Dictionary, by R. J. Pryse (Gweirydd ab Rhys). Caernarfon. H. Humphreys. English and Welsh Dictionary, by Johnson, Webster, and Hughes. Caernarfon : Printed by H. Humphreys. Welsh and English Dictionary, or a Dictionary of the Welsh Language, with English Synonyms and Explanations, by W. Spurrell. Caermarthen, English and Welsh Pronouncing Dictionary, by William Spurrell. These have gone through several editions. 1887. Dictionary of the Welsh Language, by the Rev. D. S. Evans, B.D., Rector of Llanwrin, Machynlleth, North Wales. Part I. A — Awys, only published. MoRGANIA. A BRECON POET. We do not mean *' Silurist," nor Richard Hall, nor John Lloyd, three native poets of standing, especially Silurist." Our present Brecon Poet is Mr. Walter Churchey, an attorney, and friend of John Wesley. Churchey was an indefatigable writer of religious verse. Before venturing to publish he consulted Cowper (in 1786), who gave him a cautious reply. John Wesley got him subscribers for his first work, a ** prodigious quarto," issued at a guinea. The leading piece in it is called Joseph." The immense list of subscribers he received through Wesley's influence would make any modern author envious. His works include — 1789. — *' Poems and Imitations" {quarto). By Walter Churchey, Attorney, Brecon. 1791.— "Lines on the Rev. John Wesley." By Walter Churchey, of Brecon [82nio,) 100 1800.—*' An Elegy to the Memory of W. Cowper." By Walter Churchey. Printed at Hereford {octavo). 1804. — **An Addition to Collins's Ode on the Passions." By W. Churchey, of Brecon [octavo). Also a second edition of the Elegy on the Death of W. Cowper [octavo). 1804. — " An Essay on Man, upon Principles to those opposed to Lord Bolingbroke : in four epistles." By Walter Churchey, Brecon [16mo). — *• A Philippic on Idleness." By W. Churchey [octavo), 1805. — "An Apology by W. Churchey for his Public Appearance as a Poet." Printed at Trefecca [octavo). In his •* Apology " the late W. Churchey complains that he has been ** ostracized from Parnassus by the critics." Walter Churchey married Mary Bevan, of Clyro, Radnor- shire, and had six children. Mr. Churchey died at Hay, Brecknockshire, on the 3rd December, 1805, aged 59, having been born at Brecon 7th November, 1747. His second son, Walter, became Town Clerk of Brecon, and held the post for twenty-six years, dying on the 28th February, 1840. The Poet lies buried with his ancestors in the Priory Churchyard, at Brecon. The Editor. JOHN PENRY'S PUBLISHED WRITINGS. " A Treatise containing the Equity of an Humble Supplication which is to be exhibited to Her Gracious Majesty, and the High Court of Parliament, in the behalf of the country of Wales, that some order may be taken for the preaching of the Gospel among those people ; wherein is also set down as much of the estate of our people as without offence could be made known, to the end (if it please God) may be pitied by them who 101 are not of this assembly, and so they also may be drawn to labour on our behalf." Printed at Oxford by Joseph Barnes. To be sold in Paul's Churchyard, at the sign of the Tiger's Head— 1587. " A View of Some Parts of Such Public Wants and Disorders as are in the Service of God within Her Majesty's Country of Wales, together with a Humble Petition unto the High Court of Parliament for their Speedy Redress." Printed by Waldegrave, at the " Pilgrim Press," at Mrs. Crane's, Mouldsey, in Surrey — 1588. " Exhortation unto the Governors and People of Her Majesty's Country of Wales, to labour earnestly to have the Preaching of the Gospel planted among them." Ps. cxxxvii. 5, 6; 1 Cor., i., 13; 1 Cor., ix., 13-24.— 1588. " The Appellation of John Penri, unto the High Court of Parliament, from the vile and injurious dealing of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and others, his colleagues in the High Commis- sion, wherein the complainant, submitting himself and his cause unto the determination of this honourable Assembly, craveth nothing else, but either release from trouble and persecution, or just trial." Anno Dom. 1589. Ps. 35-26, Jer. 20, 1-6. Propositions and Principles disputed in the University of Geneva." A Translation of a work entitled Thesis Geneven- sium." Printed at Edinburgh, 1591. Quarto. This no doubt refers to the work described as *' Thesis Theologicae in Schola Genevensi, sub. D. D. Theodoro Beza, et Antonio Fayo, propositae et disputatae." 4to. Genevas, 1586. The translation is entitled,. " Propositions and Principles of Divinitie propounded and disputed in the Universitie of Geneva, by certain professors of divinitie there, under M. Theod. Beze, and M. Anth: Faius, professors of Divinitie. Wherein is contained a methodicall summarie or epitome of common places of divinitie. Translated out of Latine into English to the end that the causes of the dangers, and also 102 of the troubles of those that are hardhe dealt with elsewhere, may appear in the English tongue. Edin. 1591, 4to. A second edition of the work was published in 1595, two years after the judicial murder of John Penry, the translator. A Treatise wherein is manifestly proved that Eeformation and those that are sincerely for the same are unjustly charged with being enemies unto her Majesty and the State — written both for the clearing of those that stand in that cause, and the stopping of the slanderous mouths of all the enemies thereof.'* Zeph. iii., 18-20. 1590. (Probably printed at Edinboro'.) *'The History of Corah, Dathan, and Abiram." MSS. 1592. *' Penry's Memorial to the Govern^ient," 10th April, 1593. *• To the distressed faithful congregation of Christ, in London, and all the members thereof, whether in bonds or at liberty, these be delivered." Written in prison on the 24th April, 1593. *' John Penry, His Protestation before his Death, sent to the Lord Treasurer (Lord Burleigh). 22nd May, 1593. A Viewe of some part of such publicke wants and disorders as One, in the service of God, within Her Majestie's Countrie of Wales, together with an humble petition, unto this High Court of Parliament, for their speedie redresse. By John Penri, Anno 1588. [From the original edition, edited by James 0. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. Printed by Thomas Richards, 87, St. Ann Street, London. 1861] . Penry was born 1559. Executed 25th May, 1593. There is no evidence to prove that Penry had anything to do with the *' Mar-Prelate " Tracts. In fact, much to prove the contrary. The Editor. 108 JAMES HOWEL'S WORKS. [See January, p. 82.] Perhaps the following list of titles of works, written by or connected with James Howel, in the library of the British Museum, may be acceptable as an instalment. There are a few other works conjectured to have been written by him in the Museum, under the initials J.H." On comparing the above with the list in Wood's Athen. Oxon.^ it will be seen there are works in both, not in either list, taken separately. If this list is printed, I will subsequently compare it with Wood's, and copy those in Wood's which are not in the list below, and send them to you for publication. I have omitted many references to second or more copies. The letters and numerals prefixed are the Museum references. Silurian. E67/16. — Parables reflecting on the times, subscribed Anonymous, i.e., J — H. 1643. 4to. 12205aaa. — J. H. Instructions for forreine travell. 1642. (collated with the 2nd edition of 1650). Edited by E. Arber. English Reprints, etc., 1868, etc. 8vo. 2115. d. — A French-English Dictionary, by R. Cotgrave Whereunto are added the animadversions and supplement of J. H. Folio. 1650. 12952. h. 6. "020866.— Another Edition. Folio. 1660. 626 m 11.— Another. Folio. 1673, etc. E 1243/1. — Cottoni Postlmma. Diverse choice pieces of Sir R. Cotton preserved and expos'd to public light, by J. H., etc. 1651. 8vo. 1825f. — A brief account of the causes of the Irish Rebellion. 1641 With an Appendix, containing with Mr. H.'s Account of the causes of this Rebellion. 1747. 8vo. E581/23. — Parliament. An Inquisition after blood, etc. (by J. H.). 1649. 4to. 521. h. 25. — The Pre-eminence and Duty of Parliament, written in the year 1646. See Essays, Occasional Essays, etc. 1809. Bvo. 104 El 602/1. — Finetti Philoxenis. Some choice observations touching the reception and precedence of forren ambassadors in England, by J. H. 1656. 8vo. E 1342/1 12. — An exact Historie of the late Revolutions in Naples, rendered to English by J. H. 1650, etc. 8vo. 9165b.— Another Edition. 1664, etc. 8vo. 185 a. 5. — The Pre-eminence and pedigree of Parliament ( See Harl. Mis., etc., Vol. I. 1744, etc. 4to). 185/10. — Mr. H.'s Vindication of himself from the charge of being no friend to Parliaments, and a malignant (See Harl. Mis., Vol. VI. 1744, etc. 4to.). 185 a. 12. — ^England's Fears for the present wars (1644'i (See Harl. Mis., Vol. VIII. 1744, etc. 4to.). The Harl. Mis., etc. E1427. — The wonderful and deplorable History of the latter times of the Jews, and of the City of Hierusalem. Written first in Hebrew, [by Joseph ben Gorion] and now made more methodical, etc. [by] (J. H.). 1652. 8vo. 4515aa. — Another Edition. 1684. 8vo. 4515aa.— Another Edition. 1699. 12mo. 601 d. 36. — A letter from an Englishman, . etc. (A brief account of the most authentic Protestant writers of the causes , of the Irish Rebellion Mr. H.'s account of the causes of this rebellion, etc. 1751. 12mo. E1956/27. — Some notes upon Mr. J. H., his Sober Inspec- tions. — See L'Estrange (SirR.). A Modest Plea both for the Caveat and the author of it, etc. 1661. 8vo. 1316 k. — Parthenopoeia, or the history of the Kingdom of Naples. The first part by S. Mazzella the second compil'd by J. H., etc. 1654. Folio. E61/14. — A discourse or parley continued betwixt Patricius and Peregrine touching the Civill wars of England and Ireland [by J. H.] [1643] 4to. 709 g. 7/1 . — A moderate apology against a pretended calumny in answer to some passages in The Preheminence of Parliament ; newly published, by J. H., etc. 1644. 4to. 1038 a. 48. — Judge Ramsey's Instrument to cleanse the stomach Recommended by J. H., etc. 1664. 8vo. 593 h. 14.— The Civil Wars of Spain, etc. [by P. de Sandoval] with a commendatory preface by J. H. 1652. Folio. 2072e. — England's Fears for the present Wars — The Pre- heminence and Pedigree of Parhament. [See Somers (J.), Baron 105 Somers. A Collection of Scarce... .Tracts, etc. Vol. V. 1809, etc. 4to. 184 a. 13. — The Preheminence and Pedigree of Parliament. 1644. See Somers, etc., Vol. I. 1752, etc. 4to. E19/2. — Deudrologia, or Dodona's Grove, or the vocall Forest. The second edition With an addition of two other tracts, viz., Parables reflecting upon the times, and England's Feares for the present Warres, by J(ames) H(owell), Esquire. [London] 1644. 4to. Note. — The two additional tracts have each a special title page, but the pagination is continuous throughout. 100 e. 15 [a crown] . — Another copy. Imperfect. Consist- ing of a special title and pages 139 — 152, which contain *' Parables reflecting upon the Times." 968 c. 1. — Dodona's Grove, or the Vocall Forest. The third edition more exact then the former ; with the addition of two other tracts ; viz., England's Fears for the present Wars, and the pre-eminence of Parliaments. (Whereunto is added a Vindication of some passages reflecting upon the author in a book call'd the Popish Eoyal Favourite, pen'd by Mr. Prynne, etc. 8pt.) Cambridge. 1645. 12mo. Note. — Each part has a distinct title page, and part 3 has also a separate pagination and register, and was printed in London. 1439a. — A Discourse of the Empire and of the Election of a King of the Eomans. As also of the Colledg of Electors, their particular Interests, and who is most likely to be the next Emperor. London. 1658. 8vo. 599 c. 18. — Divers Historicall discourses of the late insurrec- tions in Great Britain and Ireland Collected and published by K. Eoyston... Touf i. London, 1661. 8vo. Note. — No more published. 432 k. 3. — Dodona's Grove, or the vocall forest. [London] 1640. 8vo. 197. a. 7.— Another Copy. [London] . 1640. Folio. 12614fl:".— Another Edition. London. 1650. 8vo. Imperfect, wanting Parts I. and III. E263. — Deudrologie on la Forest de Dodonne Par M. Jacques Howel — La Clef de la Forest de Dodone. [Translated from the English by J. Baudoin ?] . Paris, 1641. 4to. T799/6. — England's teares, for the present wars, etc London. 1644. 4to. El 209/2. — Angliae suspiria et lachrymae. ob horrendos hosce 106 tumultus et bellum plusquam civile, etc. Londini [February 6-7, 1646. [1645] 0. s. 24mo. E291. Epistolse Ho-Elianae. Familiar Letters, domestic and forren, divided into six sections ; partly historicall, political!, pliilosophicall ; upon emergent occasions. By J. H., esq. etc 6 pt (separately paged). London [July 2] 1645. 4to. 10909. bb. 7.— Epistolse Ho-Elianae. Familiar Letters, domestic and forren The Third Edition. 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The following interesting account of the origin and subsequent abolition of the Lords Marcher of Wales will be of interest to our readers, bearing in mind that for many generations the tract of country made into a county by Kmg Henry VIII., and ever since known as the County of Brecknock, formed part and parcel of the *' Marches of Wales :" — It appears, from various ancient documents, that after the Conquest of England by the Normans, King WilHam placed several of his Norman nobility on the confines of Wales, and gave them power to make such conquests in that country as they were able. By this piece of policy a double end was answered : those whom he had brought over into England were thus left to provide territory for themselves ; and their power tended in some degree to reduce the Welsh into subjection. The lands thus seized were holden In Capite of the Crown of England : several of the English nobility, who possessed property on the borders of Wales, found it worth their while to aid these incursions. Such of the Welsh as had seigniories or lordships here were invited by the King to acknowledge a dependence on the Crown, under ample promises and full reservation of all their rights and privileges. All the lands rendered thus dependent on the English Crown were denominated Baronies Marches, and a kind of palatine jurisdiction was erected in them, with power to administer justice in the respective territories, and the King being supreme lord, whenever their own jurisdiction failed, redress was sought in the English Courts of Law. This scheme was continued with considerable success for several reigns, till at length a wide strip of frontier country, extending all the way from Bristol to Chester, which formerly belonged to the Welsh, became subject, under a certain tenure, to the English Crown. This tenure was, that, in case of war> the lords should send to 110 the army a certain number of their vassals ; that they should garrison their respective castles, and keep the Welsh people in subjection. In return for these services, the lords seem to have had an arbitrary and most despotic power in their own domains. They had the power of life and death in their respective courts, in all cases except those of high treason. In every frontier manor a gallows was erected, and if any Welshman passed the boundary line that was fixed between the two countries, he was immediately seized and hanged : every town within the Marches had a horseman armed with a spear, who was maintained for the express purpose of taking these offenders. If any Englishman was caught on the Welsh side of this line he suffered a similar fate from them. The Welsh esteemed everything that they could steal from their English neighbours as lawful prize. On this account many of the latter were compelled to have their dwellings moated round, and to have pallisadoes or stakes on the edge of the moat : and these inhabitants every night, for better security, drove their cattle within the fence. If a Welshman could but get a horse or cow over the boundary line he had only to cry out " My Own " to prevent the claims of his countrymen, for the horseman could not dare to follow, lest he should be hanged. After the Conquest of Wales by Edward I., the Baronies Marches were continued, but under regulations somewhat different from the former. In the reign of Edward IV. they were governed by a Lord President and a Council, consisting of the Chief Justice of Chester and three Justices of the Peace of Wales. In cases of emergency, other persons were allowed to be called in. By a statute passed in the reign of Henry VIII. the Principality and Dominion of Wales became formally annexed to the realm of England ; and the same jurisdiction, and government, and a similar administration of justice was adopted. [It will be recollected that Sir John Price, of the Ill Priory, Brecknock, was instrumental in bringing about this desirable change] . All the Welsh laws, and most of their peculiar customs and tenures, were by this statute entirely abolished. By this statute, also, four new counties were made — Radnorshire, BREOKNOCKSHiitE, Montgomeryshire, and Denbigh- shire. The Marches became annexed partly to England and partly to these new counties of Wales. The President and Council of the Marches were, however, allowed to continue as before, and their general Court was holden at Ludlow. A statute, however, was passed in the year 1689, the second of William III. (after the death of the Earl of Macclesfield, the last Lord President), by which the government of the entire Principality was divided between two Peers of the Realm, who had the titles of Lords Lieutenant of North and South Wales. From this period the Marches were entirely abolished. We append, from other sources, a LIST OF the lord PRESIDENTS OF THE MARCHES OF WALES. 1473. — liOr'S. Rivers (Anthony Woodville) — President of the Prince of Wales' Council. 1478.— John Alcock, LL.D., Bishop of Ely— President of the Council. 1492. — William Smyth, Bishop of Lincoln. — Geoffrey Blythe, Bishop of Lichfield. — John Harman, Bishop of Exeter. 1634. — Sir Rowland Lee, Bishop of Lichfield — was the first *♦ Lord President " of what was properly denominated the *• Court for the Government of Wales," and it was in kis time that the complete division of Wales into counties and the union of the two countries was effected. 1543. — Richard Sampson, Bishop of Lichfield. 1548. — John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland. 1649. — Sir William Herbert, K.G., afterwards Earl of Pembroke. 1553. — Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Worcester. 1554. — The Earl of Pembroke. 112 1555. — Gilbert Bourne, Bishop of Bath and Wells. — Lord Williams, of Tame. Sir Henry Sidney, K.G. 1586. — Henry, Earl of Pembroke. 1601. — Edward, Lord Zouch, of Codmore. 1610. — Ralph, Lord Eure, Baron of Malton. 1616. — Thomas, Lord Gerard, of Bromley. 1617. — Wilham, Earl of Northampton. 1631. — Sir John Egerton, Earl of Bridgwater. 1648. — Eichard, Lord Vaughan, Earl of Carberry (during the presidency of the Earl Carberry the Castle of Ludlow was strongly garrisoned for the Parliament). 1667. — Henry Somerset, Marquis and Earl of Worcester (created first Duke of Beaufort). 1679.— Prince Rupert. 1682. — Marquis and Earl of Worcester (second appointment). 1684. — Sir John Bridgeman. — Charles, Lord Gerard of Brandon, Viscount Brandon, and Earl of Macclesfield (the last Lord President of Wales). The Court for the Government of Wales was dissolved by Act of Parliament in the year 1689, the year succeeding the glorious Protestant Revolution. The following also is a list of the LOKD LIEUTENANTS OF SOUTH WALES. 1689. — The Earl of Macclesfield, for the counties in North and South Wales and the Marches ; also the towns of Haverfordwest and Carma^rthen ; and the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and Monmouth ; and the City of Bristol and county. (22nd March, 1st William and Mary.) 1694. — The Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, for Pembroke, Carmarthen, Cardigan, Brecknock, Glamorgan, Mon- mouth, and Radnor, and the town of Haverfordwest and county. 1702. — The Earl of Pembroke re-appointed on the accession of Queen Anne. The Editor. 113 WELSH NOTES. NOTES, WELSH NAMES OF WATERS.— - Acli " is an old Celtic word for water, still used in Irish. It is cognate with the Latin Aqua." Welsh " Ogwy," the name of a river in Glamorgan ; Gwy," English " Wye" ; "Dwy," Enghsh " Dee," is probably another form of Gwy," and hence '* Dwyf," '* Dwfr," Dover," "Douro," ''Tiber"; " Hudor " in Greek, which is in Gen. Hudatos," showing that '*r" is no part of the stem Hudor," as it is not of the Celtic " Dwyf," " Dwy," " Gwy," or Ach." Ach " forms part of the names of waters in Wales, as " Achddu," "Pwllagddu," in Caermarthenshire ; " Clydach," ** Caiach," Llanhamlach," Camach," not "Camarch," — the *• r " being an interloper ; ** Llechach," in Garthbrengi ; " Cwm^ achau" — dingle of streams ; *'Amlach," corruptedinto**Amlwch." " Honddu " is the same as the Latin Unda " ; " Hondda," in Glamorgan written generally Rhondda," the "r" being the definite article Yr shortened and glued prefixedly to it. Honddu ' ' is variously written as a stream-name, thus " Hodni," *' Thony," "Neath," Nedd," '*Nith," Netliy," "Eden," "Ton." "Don," " Danais," "Danube," " Rhodanus," " Dwina," are well-known continental stream-names. If Jordan claims affinity, nobody will bring an action for libel against it. Brecon. J. B. Jones. THE MILITIA OF WALES.-^In the list of the Field Officers of the fifty-one battalions of Militia embodied during the years 1759, 1760, and 1761, Wales is represented thus No. 31, Carmarthenshire, 7th Dec, 1759, Colonel George Rice, M.P, ; No. 32, Flintshire, 7th Dec, 1759, Lieut. -Col. Commandant Sir Roger Mostyn, Bart., M.P. ; No. 33, Pembrokeshire, 11th Dec, 1759, Colonel Hugh Owen ; No. 39, Brecknockshire, 25th Jan., 1760, Colonel Sir Edward Williams, Bart., Lieut. -Col. Charles Powell, Major Howell Harris ; No. 42, Monmouthshire, 17th 114 March, 1760, Lieut. -Col. John Chambre ; No. 47, Denbighshire, 14th July, 1760, Colonel Eichard Middleton, M.P., Lieut.-Col. Watkin Wynne, Major John Myddleton ; No. 50, Glamorgan- shire, 14th Jan,, 1761, Colonel Earl Talbot, Lieut.-Col Sir Edmund Thomas, Bart., M.P., Major Herbert Mackworth. It appears that the number of men to be raised in each county was as follows : — Anglesea, Carnarvon, and Merioneth, each 80 men ; Cardigan, Flint, and Radnor, each 120 men ; Brecknock and Pembroke, each 160 men ; Carmarthen, 200 men ; Monmouth and Montgomery, each 240 men ; Denbigh, 280 men ; Glamorgan, 360 men. From the Gentleman's Magazine for 1760 it appears, however, that the Brecknockshire Militia consisted of 200 men, when it was quartered at Yarmouth, Norfolk, in that year. It was usual for militia regiments to serve their three years' training at some place a considerable distance from their homes : as to give another instance, the Carmarthenshire Militia, who, under the command of Colonel Johnes, M.P. (who succeeded Colonel Eice in 1778, and held the command till 1798), encamped near Plymouth during the American War. By an Act passed 1762 the qualification in Wales and Monmouthshire was fixed — ^for a colonel, £300 per annum ; for a lieutenant-colonel, £200 ; for a captain, £150 ; for a lieutenant, £70 ; and for an ensign, £20, half of which must be within the county for which they serve. Brecon. W. E. Williams. THE PEEEAGE OF WALES (February, p. 49).— The Eight Hon. the Earl of Powis, writing from Walcot, Lydbury North, Shropshire, dated March 4th, 1888, says :— " Lord " Bangor does not take his title from Bangor, North Wales, but " from Bangor, in the County Down, Ireland ; on the Holy wood " and Bangor branch of the Belfast and County Down Eailway. " The Earldom of Cardigan is not extinct, but is merged in the " Marquisate of Ailesbury. See Brudennell lineage, under Ailesbury, in Burke's Peerage.'' The Editoe. 116 CRAWSHAY BAILEY'S ENGINE.— Most Soutliwalians are familiar with the old Nantyglo rhyme, beginning, Crawshay Bailey had an Engine." I believe that iron forges were originally put up at Nantyglo in 1811, when the Baileys commenced the manufacture of iron there, and that they first used an engine in 1837 or 1838. Some of the old inhabitants can remember this fact owing to the boiler of the engine having burst, killing one person and injuring several others, not long after it had been used. The famous engine, however, whose praises are immortalized in rhyme, appears to have been a large one, known as " Big Jane," which was introduced to Nantyglo in the year 1853. GWENT. WELSH EVENTS (18th CENTURY).— The following events, extracted from the pages of the Gentleman's Magazine, may prove of interest : — 19th June, 1758. — The Royal Assent was given by Commis- sion to a Bill for applying a sum towards carrying on the works for fortifying the Harbour of Milford. 30th January, 1761. — Being the anniversary of King Charles's martyrdom, the Right Rev. Bishop of Bangor preached before the House of Lords at the Abbey. 12th March, 1762. — Being the day appointed for a general fast and humiliation,/ the Lord Bishop of Llandaff preached before the House of Lords. 16th May, 1762. — Robert Jones, Esq., of Fonmon Castle, Glamorganshire, married to Miss Sayce, of Boverton, with £30,000. 23rd October, 1762. — A terrible affray happened in Nicholas Street, Bristol, between the butchers and a party of the Glamor- ganshire Militia ; in which Mr. Jonathan Bisp, butcher, had his skull fractured, so that he died next morning ; and several others were wounded on both sides. One Robert Wilhams, who struck the deceased with an iron bar, is committed to Newgate. 2nd November, 1762. — Two of the Glamorganshire Militia, 116 quai'tei'ed at Bristol, aftel* receiving 1000 lashes each, at three several times, were drummed out of the regiment, for taking money off the French prisoners confined at Knowle, to favour their escape. 16th May, 1763. — A gentleman in Monmouthshire, was fined £200 by the Court of King's Bench, for challenging a Knight of the Shire to fight him, and to find security for five years to keep the peace, QUERIES, miSHMEN IN THE VALE OF TIVY.— I have seen in a book entitled Who ate the Welsh, that a band of Irishmen Settled in the Vale of Tivy between Lampeter and Llandyssul. Can any of your readers furnish information with regard to {a) Where did they come from ? {b) When did they settle there ? [c) What was their number ? [d) What were their characteristics, and what influence had their settlement on the natives ? Tyssul. REPLIES, WE^LSH NOTES AND QUEKIES.— There is an interesting column of " Notes and Queries " in the monthly magazine, Cyfaill yf Aelivyd, and edited by Mr. T» C. Evans, of LlangynWyd. The Cyfaill is now going on its eighth year, the editor being Mr. B. G. Evans, Cardiff; publishers, Messrs D. Williams and Son, L|anelly. MORGANIA. BIBLIOGRAPHY. QUERIES. A HARE OLD WELSH BOOK.— A good many years ago, when engaged in writing the history of Tregaron and its Neighbourhood, in making a diligent search for any old Welsh hmk^ or MSSf tha,t would throw light on the Subject, I had thd 117 loan of a very interesting old volume, the title-page of which was wanted. As to the contents of the book, I recollect that there were very amusing short articles in it on the following subjects : — *' Plant Mat, Tregaron," " Twm Shon Catti," Gwilliaid Cochion Mawddwy," " Cion Bendith y Mamau," " Gwrach y Ehibyn," etc. Now, who knows when, where, and by whom that old Welsh book was published ? I presume it is very old and scarce* I have never come across a copy of it since, nor heard of it. J. Myfenydd Morgan. Abercanaid, Merthyr Tydfil. REPLIES, " EPISTOLiE HO-ELIAN^." — The first edition of this book, to which reference is made in the second number of Old Welsh Cmps, as being sold in London amongst the books of Mr. George Washburn Smalley, realised £3 los. A description of the book, as given in the sale catalogue, may interest some of your readers : — " Howell (J.). EpistolsG Ho- ElianaB. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren, First Edition, olive green, morocco extra, gilt edges, by Bedford, scarce, small quaHo, (printed and published) by H. Moseley, 1645." John Ballinger. Free Library, Cardiff, March 3rd, 1888. REVIEWS. History of Llangynwyd Parish (with Illustrations). By T. C. Evans (" Cadrawd "). Llanelly : Printed at the Llanelly and County Guardian Office. 1887. Price 2s. 6d. Demy 8vo. 192 pp., i. — viii. A better piece of parish history does not often fall to our lot to review. Mr. Evans has done his work well ; every possible " department " that the imagination of the parochial historian could suggest seems to have engaged the attention of our local 118 historian — yea, even including all the superstitious and " wise (?) sayings " of our forefathers. We do sincerely trust that the Welsh nation, in its fight for the new creed of Nationalism, will also fight to shake itself free from the gross superstitions of the past. How often we hear the shrewd matter-of-fact Saxon allege — " They are a superstitious people." Let Wales then, and Welsh Nationality in particular, shake itself free from the super- stitious stigmas (shall we say dogmas ?) of the past. And now let us speak of our friend's (Mr. Evans) History of Llangynwyd. In the first chapter our author gives us derivations, ancient and modern, of the parish name. Llangynwyd is situated in the hundred of Newcastle, in the parliamentary division of Mid- Glamorgan, and forms the largest portion of the ancient Manor of Tir larll, i.e.. Earls' Land. The population of the parish (consisting of four hamlets) was in 1801, 804 ; in 1831, 1726, and in 1881 it had risen (through the opening up of its mineral resources) to 9782. The Llynfi river runs through the parish. Chapter II. give us the philology of the parish name, as found and exemplified in ancient documents. The lordship of Llangynwyd was conquered by the Normans, like almost every other Welsh lordship. The ecclesiastical history of the parish is embraced in Chapter III. and the succeeding chapter. Chapter V. embraces the history of the various Nonconformist sects in the district. This is as it should be. Our older historians were thorough bigots, and, consequently, their important works are marred by the cloven-foot of one-sided judgment of facts. Non- conformists are men, not animals, and therefore all important historians now-a-days must take notice of them, and faithfully record their history. We note that our eminent Breconian, Howell Harris, once preached at Llangynwyd, and yet Theophilus Jones, in his Breconshire, ranks this good and great man as some- thing akin to a mad-man ! From an old Vicar of the parish's private papers, printed in Chapter V., we learn that the colliers' week's wages was 12s., and that two loads of coal were sold for 5d! Lump sugar in 1796, however, was Is. 4d. per lb., co£fee 119 was 4s. 8d. per lb., and tea — 9s. 9d. per lb ! Those were the good old times when the "first gentlemen in Europe" reigned over us. Whether it was "happy and glorious" is quite another question. Perhaps the most interesting and best done chapter in the book is Chapter VI., where we have a thoroughly good history of the development of the local industries — the rise, and alas ! the fall of some of the " Works " is faithfully and intelligently recorded. Llangynwyd has enjoyed railway communication since 1861. From this point on, the history takes quite another turn, and we revel in the doings of the " bards " of other days ; and this district had its eisteddfodic "markings" from the earliest times, for we read of "The Chair of Tir larll," otherwise the "Chair of Morgan wg," and we have a list of the presiding "Bards of Glamorgan " from 1300 to 1760 — a range of 460 years ! Chapter VIII. gives us some account of the venerable divine, Samuel Jones, M.A., of Brynllywarch. The old Academy of Bryn- Uywarch represents to-day a good part of the Nonconformity of Wales. The Memorial College, at Brecon, commenced out of the famous Brynllywarch Academy. Samuel Jones was ejected from the National Church, along with two thousand other brethren, in 1662, and the Memorial College at Brecon was erected to celebrate that immortal era. The Academy then went to Tewkesbury, and afterwards to Abergavenny, Oswestry, Wrexham, Llanfyllin, Newtown, and Brecon, /where it now remains. The Memorial College has been in existence for 220 years (dating from Bryn- llywarch Academy), and for the last fifty years it has been located at Brecon. Chapter IX. deals with the romantic history of the " Maid of Cefn Ydfa," who fell in love with a famous local bard named Will Hopkins, whose poetical effusions are so good, but have taken wings to themselves, and therefore have not been included in any "Centenary" or "Jubilee" editions of our " national " poets ! But, nevertheless. Will Hopkins, although he may have been, and still is, an unknown literary quantity, still shines, thanks to Mr. Evans, who has collected some of his fugitive pieces, which appear in Chapter X., among the contributions of 120 other local poets. In subsequent chapters we are introduced to " The Ghost of Pentre," parochial legends, nursery rhymes, ancient customs, supernatural beliefs, love spells, premonitory death signs, and so forth. But Chapter XII. is highly interesting, consisting as it does of colloquial words and expressions collected within the parish of which our author so ably treats. We highly recommend this work to all true lovers of their country's good. Mr. Evans is a bard of wide-reading and extensive local research, and the result is the compilation of a Parish History of sterling merit. We trust soon to hear that the work is out of print. It is certainly well worth double its present price. Copies can be had from Mr. T. C. Evans, " Cadrawd," Llangynwyd, near Bridgend, Glamorganshire. WILL BE COMMENCED IN THE APRIL NUMBER, A SERIES OP VEEY INTERESTING NOTES, ENTITLED "THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY HISTORIES THAT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH." By HENRY BLACKWELL, or New York. mi mulsh €hips Yol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : April 30th, 1888. No. I HENRY VAUGHAN, SILURIST. [Continued from Page 47.] Henry Vaughan was still living in Brecon when Charles I. fled from Caerdiff to the Priory, where he slept on the night of August 6, 1645, the guest of Sir Herbert Price. The wearied King had travelled over the mountains by the unfrequented road, which led from Gelligaer to Talybont, and on the following day he escaped to Gwernyfed by the steep, narrow lane, which has since borne the name of King Street. The same year, 1645, brought grief and desolation to Vaughan, his friend Mr. R. W. being slain in the late unfortunate differences at Routon Heath, near Chester," to whose memory he wrote an elegy, every line of which bears witness to the depth of affection existing between them. In 1646 appeared the Silurist's first published book, a small volume of Poems with the Tenth Satyr e of Juvenal, Englished,'' by Henry Vaughan, Gent., printed in London for G. Badger, and are to be sold at his shop under Saint Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street." These poems are principally love songs addressed " To Amoret," The Sigh," " To Amoret, walking in a starry evening," ''To his friend being in love," and, again, "To Amoret," all breathing a devotion so true and pure, that it is difficult to understand the author's reference to them within ten years of their publication, when, in his preface to the second edition of '' Silex Scintillans," after speaking of the introduction of " idle books," and the evil consequences which had followed 122 the free translation of French and Italian literature, he goes on to say, I would prevent a just censure by a free confession, I must remember that I myself have for many years together, languished of this very sickness ; and it is no long time since I recovered. But — blessed be God for it — I have by His saving assistance swppresi my greatest follies, and those which escaped from me, are — T think — as innoxious, as most of that vein used to be Let no man mistake it for an extenuation of faults, as if I intended an apology for them or myself, who am conscious of so much guilt in both, as can never be expiated without special sorrows, and that cleansing and pretious effusion of my Almighty Redeemer : and if the world will be so charitable as to grant my request, I do here most humbly and earnestly beg that none would read them " ! Though he inherited Newton, it is doubtful whether he ever possessed more than a modest competency, which must have been sorely taxed by the fines imposed on him later. We meet with allusions to this in these poems to " Amoret." The following lines are taken from those addressed " To Amoret weeping" : — What though I had not dust Enough to cabinet a worme ? nor stand Enslav'd into a little durt, or sand ? I boast a better purchase, and can shew The glories of a soule that's simply true, But grant some richer planet at my birth Had spyed me out, and measur'd so much earth Or gold into my share : I should have been Slave to these lower elements, and seen My high borne soule flagge with their drosse, and lye A pris'ner to base mud, and alchymie ; I should perhaps eate orphans, and sucke up A dozen distrest widowes in one cup. Thanks then for this deliv'rance ! blessed pow'rs. You that dispense man's fortune and his houses. How am I to you all engag'd ! that thus By some strange meanes, almost miraculous. You should preserve me ; you have gone the way To make me rich by taking all away. For I — had I been rich— as sure as fate. Would have been meddling with the King or State, Or something to undoe me ; and 'tis fit — We know — -that who hath wealth, should have no wit. But above all, thanks to that Providence, That armed me with a gallant soule, and sence 'Gainst all misfortunes, that hath breath' d so much Of Heav'n into me, that I scorne the touch Of these low things ; and can with courage dare Whatever fate, or malice can prepare : I envy no man's purse or mines: I know. That loosing them, I've lost their curses too ; And Amoret — although our share in these Is not contemptihle, nor doth much please — 123 Yet whilst Content and Love we jointly vye, We have a blessing' which no gold can buye. A time was drawing near, when he would 7ieed all the courage he could command, for public persecution and private sorrows were soon to overwhelm him. About this time Henry Vaughan left Brecon, and we gather from his writings that the society of the county town was uncon- genial to him. The Parliamentarians were in the ascendant for the time being, his Eoyalist sympathies would have made him unpopular, and there were other reasons which induced him to return to the home of his birth. We have no record of his father's death ; had that taken place, he would have inherited Newton-by-Usk, whence we find him dating his Epistle Dedicatory to " Olor Iscanus," December 17, 1647. Throughout his works he takes every opportunity of expressing his love of a country life : "Whoever loves the country, and lives in it upon his owne estate, whether purchased or hereditarie, is the wisest of men " — " He that lives in his own fields and habitation which Grod hath given him, enjoys true peace." " He that lives in the country hath time for his servant." " 0 who can ever fully expresse the pleasures and happinesse of the country life ! with the various and delightful sports of fishing, hunting and fowling with guns, greyhounds, spaniels, and severall sorts of nets ! What oblectation and refreshment it is to behold the green shades, the beauty and majesty of the tall and ancient groves, to be skill'd in planting and dressing of orchards, flowres, and pot-herbs, to ascend sometimes to the fresh and healthfull hils, to descend into the bosome of the valleys, to heare the musick of birds, the murmurs of bees, the falling- of springs. These are the blessings which only a country man is ordained to."* He must have rejoiced in the change from the narrow, professional jealousies, the political bitterness, the unintellectual society of the little town to the calm peace of his quiet homestead, where he farmed his own land, fields through which the Usk glided, and ministered to the diseases and ailments of his neigh- bours. He has told us how a physician should be qualified : Every physician that desires to cure sick persons well and happily, must be a sound Christian, and truly religious and holy He is unworthily permitted to be a physi' ian whose practice hath no other * The Praise and Happinesse of the Couu trie -Life, 1657. 124 aim than covetousness and usury, and abuseth the gifts of God — I mean his medicinal favours and discoveries — to hoord up for himselfe the riches of this world.* But the chief reason for his return, probably, lay in the fact, that his brother was living at Llansaintfraed Eectory. Thomas Vaughan had taken his degree of M.A. at Oxford, and after his ordination by Bishop Manwaringf was presented by his kinsman Sir George Vaughan, of Fallerston, in Wiltshire, to the living of Llansaintfraed not earlier than the year 1645. J The deepest affection existed between the brothers, once more they were to be together, with the hope of ending their lives in their native parish, but they "had fallen on evil days," and this hope was not destined to be fulfilled. On 22nd February, 1649, was passed the "Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales," on the carrying out of which by Hugh Peters, there followed a time of confusion and distress. § Whilst on the one hand there is evidence to shew that many of the Clergy had neglected their duties, and that religious feeling amongst them was at a low ebb,|| we also find that many of them were men of culture and piety. The Clergy were ejected from their livings, their places were filled by ignorant and unlearned men, the Churches were unopened, no services being conducted in them, and amongst those who were evicted was the Eector of Llansaintfraed on the usual charge of drunkenness, swearing, being no preacher, and hearing arms for the King, the last, probably, being the true cause of offence. IF * Hermetical Physick, 1655. t Rogrer Manwaring, Bishop of Saint David's. Died 1653. Buried in the Chancel of Christ's College Church, where there is a monument to his memory. X Theo. .Tones said he was presented in 1640, but there must be a mistake, as he could not have taken Priest's Orders until he was 24 years old. § Genitus Ecclesise Cambro-Britannicse, 1654. II " Chirps " and other pamphlets by Vavasor Powell. f Walker's " Sufferings of the Clergy," p, 389, 125 In 1659, Mr. Edward Williams, of Gwernyfigin in Trallong,* the loyal Sheriff of Brecknockshire, presented a very strong Memorial to Parliament charging the Commissioners with having ejected and dispossessed those Clergymen, who were most eminent for the purity of their lives, or for their literary abilities, and suffering those only to hold benefices or preferments, who were ignorant, but ready to farm the tithes. For so freely stating his opinions Mr. Williams was deposed from the office of High Sheriff, being however re-instated in the following year on the return of Charles II. But Thomas Vaughan never came back to Wales — he retired to Oxford, then studied Chemistry under the patronage of Sir Eobert Murray, Secretary of State for Scotland, and published several books in prose and verse under the name of " Eugenius Philalethes."t On leaving Brecknockshire for Oxford and London he took with him for publication the volume of Poems, to which Henry Vaughan had written the dedication in 1647, and it was published in 1651 under the title of Olor Iscanus, a Collection of some select Poems and Translations, Formerly written by Mr. Henry Vaughan, SilurisL Published by a Friend. Printed by T.W. for Humphrey Moseley." There is an engraved title-page (by Roger Vaughan), a swan sailing down a river between two trees, on the banks are bees and wild flowers. From the preface by Thomas Vaughan we learn, that these verses were saved from the fire, and published almost against the author's consent. The book opens with congratulatory poems to the author by Dr. Thomas Powell, Rector of Cantreff,| J. Rowlandson, Oxon, * Mr. Edward Williams was a younger son of Abercamlais, and brother to John Williams, from whom descends Mr. Penry Boleyn Williams, of Penpont. The loyal Sheriff's descendants settled at Blaennant, in Llanfeigan, and his representative is Mr. Lewis Morris, author of " The Epic of Hades " t He wrote Anthroposophia Theomagica," Anima Magica Abscondita." "Magia Adannica," "The Man- Mouse taken in a Trap," 1650, " The Fame and Confession of the fraternity of R.C. commonly of the Rosie Cross," and many others. X In these lines Dr. Powell refers to the strong personal resemblance of the twin -brothers. 126 and Eugenius Philaletlies, Oxon. Olor Iscanus is a poem in praise of the river Usk : — May all bards bom after me — When I am ashes — sing- of thee ! May thy green banks or streams, — or none — Be both their rill and Helicon ; May vocall groves grow there, and all The shades in them prophetical! . May thy gentle swains — like flowres — Sweetly spend their youthfull houres. And thy beauteous nymphs —like doves — Be kind and faithful to their loves ; Garlands, and songs, and roundelays, Mild dewie nights and sun-shine dayes, The turtle's voyee, joy without fear, Dwell on thy bosome all the year ! The volume also contains ** The Charnel House," poems addressed to his friends and neighbours Master T. Lewes,''' Mr. T. Powell,! Mrs K. Phillips, &c., and Elegies on the deaths of *' E.W." and " K. Hall," who was slain at Pontefract, 1648. The translations consist of the following : "Of the benefit wee may get by our Enemies," written originally in Greek by Plutarchus Chasronensis, translated into Latin by J. Keynolds, D.D. EngHshed by H.V., Silurist. " Of the Diseases of the Mind and the Body" by. the same. "Of the Diseases of the Mind and the Body, and which of them is most pernicious," from the Greek, by Maximus Tirius, by the same. " The Praise and Happinesse of the Countrie-Life," written in Spanish by Don Antonio de Guevara. Englished by H. Vaughan. During these years sorrows and trials had come to Henry Vaughan in quick succession ; he was imprisoned (probably in Brecknock Castle), with his friend Dr. Thomas * Probably of Maesmawr, where the family remained until the beginning of this century, when Miss Mary Lewis (Mrs. Dixon) settled at Ashford ; their representative is Col. J. Williams Morgan, of Bolgoed. t Thomas Powell, Rector of Cantreff, born 1627, he was a gi-eat personal friend of the Vaughans, and was ejected from his living. On the Restoration he was intended for the Bishopric of Bristol, but died in 1661, before his nomination was carried out. He wrote " Quadruga Sahitis," 1657, " Elementa Opticse," 1651, prefaced by commendatory verses from Olor Iscanus and Eugenius Philalethes, and other works. 127 Powell," — it is not likely that so pronounced a Eoyalist escaped fines imposed by his oppressors, as he says : We drink our own waters for money, and our wood is sold unto us. Our necks are under persecution, we labour and have no rest. And again he prays : Thou seest, O God, how furious and implacable mine enemies are : They have not only rob'd me of that portion and provision which Thou hast graciously given me, but they have also washed their hands in the blood of my friends, my nearest and dearest relations. "t Two at least of his friends were slain in the wars, and he shared with Thomas Vaughan * ' in dayes of mourning on the sad occasion of a beloved brother's death." | How his mind was distressed and grieved by the persecution through which the Church was passing we learn from the book of prayer and meditations, from which we have already quoted : These reverend and sacred buildings — however now vilified and shut up — have ever been, and amongst true Christians still are, the solemne and publike places of true worship. O Lord, Thy service and Thy sabbaths, Thy own sacred institutions and the pledges of Thy love are denied to us ; Thy ministers are trodden down, and the basest of the people are set up in Thy holy place Behold the robbers are come into Thy sanctuary, and the persecutors are within Thy walls. Yea, Thine own inheritance is given to strangers and Thiue own portion unto aliens. O Lord hear and have mercy ! Of the period of the Civil Wars in our County but few records have come to us — a dusty Petition here and there, Memorials to Parliament, a list of those who compounded for their estates, but here alone, in this little book of private devotions, do we find a voice given to the personal sufferings of one of our countrymen. Across the centuries comes the cry of distress and anguish, which rings in our ears with so real and human an expression of feeling, that the present is linked with the past in the realization of his * In Jones's Brecknocl^shire, vol. 1, p. 227, there is an interesting correspond- ence between Thomas Powell and Col. Jenkin Jones, of Llanddetty, which took place in 1653— relating to the ejection of the Clergy, and praying that they might be allowed once more to preach in their Churches, The letters were also signed by Thomas Lewis, Rector of Llanfeigan, and Griffith Hattley, Vicar of Aberyscir. t " The Mount of Olives or Solitary Devotions'* by H V., Silurist, 1652^ from "A Prayer in Adversity and Troubles occasioned by our enemies." X Anthroposophia Theomagica," p. 65, 128 woes. Throughout the prayers of this holy man there breathes perfect submission to God's will and patience under persecution : Keep me therefore, O my God, from the guilt of blood, and suffer me not to stain my soul with the thoughts of vengeance and recompense, which is a branch of Thy great prerogative, and belongs wholly unto Thee. Though they persecute me unto death, though they have taken the bread out of Thy children's mouths, and have made me a desolation ; yet Lord give me Thy grace, and such a measure of charity as may fully forgive them. Suffer me not to open my mouth in curses, but give me the spirit of my Saviour, who reviled not again, but was dumb like a lamb before his shearers. To he continued. GwENLLiAN E. F. Morgan. Brecon. CHARLES PRATT, EARL CAMDEN. [Continued from Page 87.] In 1765, on the establishment of Lord Eockingham's administration, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was created a Baron of Great Britain, by the name of Baron Camden, of Camden Place (with remainder to heirs male), in the county of Kent. This seat he purchased ; * the abode at one time of Camden, the antiquary. On the 30th of July, 1766, when Pitt was created Earl of Chatham, and appointed Lord Privy Seal, Lord Camden was called to the office of Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, in the room of the Earl of Northington, and though there were some promotions in the change of administra- tion, yet the tried and well-known character of Lord Camden was such as to give universal satisfaction. The high price of corn and every other species of provisions in the summer of 1766 caused great complaints throughout every part of the kingdom. These complaints were followed by * The Pratts were impoverished by the Civil War. John Pratt, an eminent lawyer, who flourished in the beginning of the last century, restored the fortunes of the house. He was Lord Chief Justice in 1714 ; he appears to have purchased the Wilderness Estate, in Kent, near Sevenoaks, and Bayham Abbey, in Sussex. 129 riots and tumults, and proclamations were issued to prohibit the exportation of grain. When parliament met, at the close of the year, the ministry brought in a Bill of indemnity for this measure, which was violently denounced by some members. The Lord Chancellor defended it with his usual ability. In this debate Lord Camden and Lord Mansfield were opposed to each other, and a ground laid for those feelings of hostility which were often displayed between these two high functionaries. An event took place in the beginning of the year 1770 which made a considerable change in the administration ; this was the well-known affair after the Middlesex election. The general dis- content excited during the summer seemed to revive with increased force on the assembling of parliament. The Commons took up the expulsion and incapacitation of Wilkes in the full spirit of constitutional inquiry. Nor was the affair less agitated in the Lords. His lordship, however, on this occasion gratified the fullest expectations of the public by declaring in his place, and with an energy which spoke the zeal and sincerity of his sentiments : That he considered the decision upon that affair " as a direct attack upon the first principles of the Constitution ; ** and that if, in the judicial exercise of his office, he was *• to pay any regard to that or any other such vote passed in *' opposition to the known and established laws of the land, he " should look upon himself as a traitor to his trust and an enemy ** to his country." The public avowal of an opinion so contrary to the conduct, if not the views of the administration, was considered as a total defection, and resented as a desertion from that side. On the 17th of January the Lord Chancellor received a message from the Secretary of State's office, in his Majesty's name, to deliver up the seals that evening at seven o'clock. His lordship accordingly waited on the King at the Queen's palace, and delivered them in his own hands. His lordship, considering a private station as a, post of honour, did not slacken his endeavours in defence of the rights of the people. The Marquis of Eockingham having made a 130 motion in the House of Lords, the design of which was, To procure a declaratory resolution, that the law of the land and " the established customs of parliament were the sole rule of *' determination in all cases of election," long debates ensued on this question, and the motion was at length over-ruled by a large majority. The opposers of the question having obtained this proof of their strength, resolved to exert it to advantage, and a motion was made at a late hour of the night, '* That any resolution of the House, directly or indirectly impeaching a judgment of the House of Commons in a matter where their " jurisdiction is competent, final, and conclusive, would be a " violation of the constitutional rights of the Commons, tend " to make a breach between the two Houses of Parliament, and *' lead to a general confusion." The hardiness of this motion, introduced at a late hour of the night, roused all the powers of opposition, and in particular those of Lord Camden, who said, " That this motion included a surrender of their most undoubted, legal, necessary, and sacred rights, a surrender as injurious to " the collective body of the people, to their representatives, and to the Crown, as it was totally subversive of the authority and dignity of that House." The strength of his lordship's argu- ments, as well as those of his noble colleagues, lay in the protest which was entered upon the journals on this occasion. We insert the concluding paragraph as a specimen of the spirit of it. After assigning seven different grounds of dissent, it concluded thus : " We think ourselves, therefore, as peer, and as English- *' men and freemen, — names as dear to us as any titles what- " soever — indispensably obliged to protest against a resolution, *' utterly subversive of the authority and dignity of this House, " equally injurious to the collective body of the people, to their " representatives, and to the Crown, to which we owe our advice ** upon every public emergency ; a resolution, in law, unconstitu- tional ; in precedent, not only unauthorized, but contradicted ; in tendency, ruinous ; in the time and manner of obtaining it, unfair and surreptitious. And we do here solemnly declare 131 and pledge ourselves to the public, that we will persevere in availing ourselves, as far as in us lies, of every right and every '* power with which the constitution has armed us for the good ** of the whole, in order to obtain full relief for the injured " electors of Great Britain, and full security for the future against the most dangerous usurpation upon the rights of the " people, which, by sapping the fundamental principles of this " government, threatens its total dissolution.* [To be continued). Brecon. A. S. DR. WILLIAM OWEN PUGHE. This well-known lexicographer was born at Tyn-y-bryn, Meirionethshire, on August 7th, 1759. His parents, who had a numerous family and were left poor, left this place for Egryn, soon after his birth. At the age of 17, he came up to London, after having obtained a little smattering of the English language in a rustic school, and there commenced a career of great usefulness to Welsh literature. At that time, the conditions of life for Welshmen in the metropolis were less encouraging and inviting than they are to-day. Then no Welsh organized society seemed to have been jn existence, there was no Welsh rendezvous as there is to be found now, and in place of the score of popular and crowded chapels of modern religious activity, there were no means of keeping up that religious connection with the Welsh language which has done so much to perpetuate Welsh devotion and nationality. Here though everything seemed new, even the language, yet so powerful were the effects of early habits," he himself says, that Welsh books still continued among the leading objects of my pursuits, but I continued in this great city * This protest, which has always been admired for its spirit, precision, &c., was signed by five Dukes, one Marquis, eighteen Earls, one Viscount, and sixteen Barons. 182 till about the year 1782, without knowing that any other person in it beside myself ever thought of the Welsh language or its literature." During these weary years of seclusion and isolation, the warm patriotic nature of the Welshman was developed by the uncharitable surroundings of an unsympathetic city, and it is somewhat difficult to state what his means of livelihood were during the term. Chance, however, it is said, threw him into the way of a Eobert Hughes, who kindly introduced him to Owen Jones, a merchant of Thames Street, and a fervid patriot who displayed his love for country by collecting, publishing, and encouraging Welsh literature. It was said by William Owen (as he was called before the assumption of Pughe), that Owen Jones extended greater patronage towards preserving the literary re- mains of Wales than any other person either in ancient or modern time, and under his kind approval we find that the young Welsh- man made substantial strides with his literary projects. In 1792 he published a translation of the heroic elegies of Llywarch Hen. In 1793, he commenced the Welsh Dictionary which was brought to a close in 1808, and which afterwards in 1832 was followed by the Dictionary of the Welsh language explained in English, with numerous illustrations from the literary remains and from the living speech of the Cymry, to which is prefixed a Welsh grammar ; an outline of the characteristics of the Welsh language, and its utility for developing the primitive speech of mankind." This latter was published in Denbigh, and was in greater request than the first. In conjunction with Edward Williams, better known as **Iolo Morgan wg," and the " Bard of Liberty," William Owen and Owen Jones determined to collect and publish ancient Welsh literary remains, and for this purpose, traversed the whole of the Principality in search of ancient British literature to be embodied in the "Myvyrian Archaeology." This undertaking was eminently successful, save a serious dispute which led to bitter enmity between lolo and William Owen. lolo was charged with refusing to accept certain documents which he declares to have been supposititious " only, and this led to the estrangement of 138 two old friends. This work was, however, published in 1801 in two volumes, and a third was afterwards added in 1807. It is a collection of all the remains of the poetry, triads, and chronicles of Wales up to the year 1400. The chief burden of expense was borne by Owen Jones, whose collection of transcripts was after- wards handed over to the Welsh Charity School. In 1803, William Owen pubhshed the "Cambrian Biography," which is only noteworthy on account of its being the first of its kind. The information is meagre, and half the articles were declared by lolo Morgan wg to be erroneous. In 1819, he published a Welsh translation of Milton's ''Paradise Lost," which was followed in 1821 by a translation of " The Economy of Human Life," and a poem by Heber, and the "Bard," by Gray, were presented in 1822 in the Welsh language. In 1808, he wrote also a dissertation on *' Cadwedegaeth yr laith Cymraeg." But William Owen Pughe's reputation rests upon his Dictionary. Here, however, a great difference of opinion seems to exist. Though indispensable in every Welsh library, the first edition is often complained of by those that consult it, on account of the number of words it contains of the author's own manufacture, of the vagueness of many of the English explanations, and of the perplexity of the Welsh spelling which was intended to be the resumption of old Welsh spelling. The Denbigh edition reverted to a more modern style, but there were ^some who approved of his orthographic policy, for by " his classical purity and pristine vigour " he is said to have restored " our ancient tongue in the strength, freshness, and purity of its youth," and that it was peculiarly valuable for its analytical and etymological view of the Welsh language. In a letter of lolo Morganwg, dated 1813, WilHams said, " I am determined never to write in conjunction with any man whatever, and least of all with William Owen, who has with his hobbyhorsisms absolutely ruined everything he took in hand. In his Dictionary and Grammar he has introduced into a most horrid cacophony of pronunciation a most barbarous orthography. In the Welsh Archaeology he has altered the orthography into that of his 134 Dictionary and Grammar, thus forging fictitious authorities for what he has done. His Welsh writings may be said to be Enghsh written in Welsh words, or Welsh words construed on the principles and according to the rules of English Grammar." Perhaps it will be well to allow the dispute to be settled by reference to the work itself, which is a monument of industry and patience. In 1806 he succeeded at the death of a relative, the Kev. Pryce Pughe, to a handsome property which placed him in comfortable circumstances. It was upon this occasion that he assumed Pughe as an additional surname. In 1826 he was created an honorary D.C.L. of the University of Oxford, and added to this, he was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, as well as being one of Joanna Southcot's four and twenty elders. His bardic name was Idrison." He had also the honourable advantage of a personal and intimate acquaintance with Sir Walter Scott, who has included in the notes to several of his poems extracts from Cymric documents furnished by the Cambrian lexicographer. Southey took much interest in Wales and Welsh affairs, and was at one time quite decided to reside at Maesgwyn, in the vale of Neath. Consequently, he knew the prominent Welshmen intimately, and entertained a high opinion of lolo Morgan wg, as is to be found in ** Madoc." But of William Owen Pughe, his opinion was to the contrary. Full of Welsh information he certainly was, but a muddier minded man I never met with." Whether this description came from lolo's influence with Southey, or from actual fact is hard to tell, but there is every reason to believe that Pughe was a man of crotchets, and did not divest himself of that curious defect which marks some Welshmen, when they have not been able to express their thoughts precisely owing to early bilingual difficulties. On the other hand, the " Gentleman's Magazine," in recording his death, which took place at Dolydd-y-cau, Talyllyn, near Dolgelley, on the 4th of June, in 1835, said of him that he was a most amiable man, gentle, unassuming, and modest, ever ready to encourage rising genius, and to impart information from his rich store of literary 135 lore. In addition to the above-named works, he wrote, " Hanes dechreaud cenedl y Cymry, eu rhyfeloedd yn Asia, dinystr Caer- drwya, a'n dyfodead i Itali, Ffrainc a Brydain fawr, y'nghyd a hanes crefydd eu Beirdd." This was pubHshed at Carnarvon, in 1825. Not to omit a very important item in his Hfe, I may say that he was married in 1790, and left two daughters and one son, Aneurin Owen (without the Pughe), who is well-known for his able and valuable edition of the Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales, published in 1841. Aneurin Owen died in 1851 at Tros-y-Parc. Ivor Bowen. ANGLESEA MEMBERS. It must ever be remembered that the representatives in Parliament of shire, city, or borough, have been selected from the worthiest in merit, the highest in standing, and the very pick of the constituencies. Conspicuous in the long roll of members for Anglesea, stand out more pre-eminently than their fellows, the time-honoured names of Bulkeley, of Beaumaris, and Bayley (and their descendants, the Pagets), of Plas Newydd. The earliest member whose name is recorded was Eichard (or Koland) Bulkeley, who was ele^jted in 1547, 1554, and 1563. There was another Eichard Bulkeley (afterwards a knight) M.P. in 1588 and 1604, and a third member of the same name in 1626 and 1628. It is doubtful who was actually member for Anglesea in 1660, as the return to the writ has not been found, but prob- ably it was Eobert, second Viscount Bulkeley in the Peerage of Ireland, who also sat for Carnarvonshire, 1675 — 9, and for Anglesea again 1685, till his death in 1688. His brother Henry was M.P. for the county in 1679, and for Beaumaris 1679 — 88, and having been Master of the Household to Charles II. and James II., he retired to France with the latter monarch in 1688, and probably died in exile there. From 1661 to 1679 Nicholas 136 Bagenall, of Plas Newydd (probably grandson of the brother of Sir Henry Bagnall, Knight, M.P., 1586), but in 1679 Richard Bulkeley, afterwards third viscount, was returned, and 1679 — 85, and 1690 — 1704, his father being the member 1685 — 9, and hia uncle, Thomas Bulkeley, of Dynas, sitting 1689—90. This latter sat in parliament for many years, having represented Carnarvonshire 1679—89, and again 1697—1705 ; Angle- sea, 1689—90 ; and Beaumaris, 1690 — 5. Richard, fourth Viscount Bulkeley, of Baron Hill, sat for Anglesea 1704 — > 15, and 1722 — 4 ; so that a member of this ancient family was its representative from 1679 — 1715 without a break in the repre- sentation. The office of Constable of Beaumaris Castle was held by various Bulkeleys for many generations. In 1715, Owen Meyrick, of Bodorgan, was elected, as was his descendant of the same name 1761 ; while from 1725 to 1734 sat Hugh Williams, of Chester (a kinsman of the first Sir Watkin Williams Wynn), who was a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole. Sir Nicholas Bayly, Bart., of Plas Newydd, sat for Anglesea 1734—41, 1747—61, and 1770 — 74, and with him the representation of the county com- menced a new era. He voted against the measures of Sir Robert, and was Lord Lieutenant of the County for 23 years. He married Caroline, only daughter and heiress ("with £25,000") of Brigadier General Thomas Paget, Governor of Minorca (a grand- son of the fifth Lord Paget), and his eldest son Henry was created Lord Paget 1769, and Earl of Uxbridge 1784, and who adopted the name of Paget in lieu of his patronymic. Thomas, seventh Viscount Bulkeley, sat from 1774 till he was created a Peer of Great Britain in 1784 ; he was Chamberlain of North Wales, Constable of Beaumaris Castle, and Colonel of the Anglesea Militia and local Volunteers, but on his lordship's death, in 1822, the title became extinct, and with the slight interruptions of 1741—7, 1761—70, and 1774—80, the Bayleys and Pagets alone represented Anglesea from 1734 to 1832. Nicholas Bayley (second son of Sir Nicholas), who was a colonel in the Grenadier Guards, was member 1784 — 90, when he was succeeded by his 137 nephew, the Hon. Wilham Paget, a captain in the Royal Navy, who died at sea in 1794. Then his brother, Arthur Paget, was elected, and sat till 1807, and he became a diplomatist, for he was Envoy to Austria 1801 — 6, and Ambassador to Turkey 1807 — 9, and was created G.C.B. and sworn a member of the Privy Council. Another brother, the Hon. Berkeley Paget, sat for the county 1807 — 20, as he also did for Milbourne Port, in Somerset, 1820 — 6 ; he was a personal friend of George IV., and enjoyed the office of Junior Lord of the Treasury, 1810 — 26, and Commissioner of the Board of Excise 1826 — 42. His nephew, Henry, Earl of Uxbridge, was member 1820 — 32, and he after- wards became a Privy Councillor, was a Lord-in-waiting to the Queen, 1837 — 9, Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, 1839 — 41, and succeeded his father (the hero of Waterloo) as second Marquis of Anglesea in 1854 ; he died in 1869, having been Lord Lieutenant of the County for 24 years. Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, Bart., of Baron Hill (who had inherited the estates of his kinsman, the last Viscount Bulkeley), sat from 1832 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1868, and was also M.P. for Beaumaris 1831—2, and Flint 1841 — 7 ; he moved the Address in the House of Commons 1851, and was Lord Lieutenant of Carnarvon- shire 1851—66. Sir Richard died in 1875. The Hon. William Owen Stanley (who died in 1885) sat for the county (of which he was Lord Lieutenant ^869 — 85) from 1837 — 47, and represented Chester 1850—7, and Beaumaris 1857—74. From 1868 to 1885 Richard Davies, of Treborth (who was High Sheriff 1858) was member, while the general elections of 1885 and 1886 constituted Thomas Lewis, of Brynogwen, the present member for Anglesea. Brecon. W. R. Williams. 138 J3IBLI0GRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY HISTORIES RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH. I am not aware that it is generally known that over four hundred works have been written and published pertaining to the history of the counties and parishes of Wales and Monmouth ; nevertheless, it is an incontrovertible fact. Astonishing as it may seem, there are but few places that have no published history. For many years past I have collected materials towards a bibliography of English works having reference to Wales and the Welsh, and in the course of my investigation, I was considerably and agreeably astonished at the vastness of what had been written on the topographical history of Wales ; and as this subject is of peculiar value to antiquarians and historians, I set to work to arrange and put in shape all that I knew had been published, so that those who desired information relating to any particular locality would know just where to go and search, more especially as I, at one time, had experienced considerable difficulty in finding out whether the history of the parish of Northop, in Flintshire, had been written ; for this information I sought nigh everywhere, inquired of numerous well-informed Welsh anti- quarians with no result, and remained in ignorance until I became possessed of the Cambrian Quarterly Magazine," where, I was considerably pleased to find, that it contained a well- written history of this particular parish by Thomas Edwards (Caer fall well). Too little attention has, I am sorry to say, been devoted to the bibliography of Welsh literature, and it would be well if more heed was taken of this national theme, so that we could have a bibliography worthy the Welsh. I by no means consider that I have mention of all that has been published ; my information is compiled from books in my possession (in which case I shall quote the full title), from 139 magazines, bibliographies, and catalogues. The " Archasologia Cambrensis " has much on the subject ; these I will omit, inas- much as I have not seen the work. If there are other works I have not named, I shall be pleased if those that know of such, will kindly give me particulars, so that they may form a supple- ment at the close of this bibliography. Henby Blackwell. New York. ABERCON WAY... Register and Chronicle of the Abbey of Aberconway; from the Harleian MS. 3725. Edited by Sir Henry Ellis. Foolscap 4to. 23 pp. Printed for the Camden Society. 1847. The History and Antiquities of the Town of Aber- conway and its neighbourhood. With notices of the natural history of the district. By the Rev. Robert Williams, B.A., Christ Church, Oxford, Curate of Llangernyw. Demy 8vo. 200 pp. Printed for the Author by Thomas Gee. Denbigh. 1835. ABERDOVEY...T. 0. Morgan's New Guide to Aberdovey. Plate. 8vo. Aberystwith. 1854. ABERGAVENNY... Guide to the Town and Neighbourhood of Abergavenny. By John White. Demy 8vo, viii.-88 pp. Published by James Hiley Morgan, High street, and to be obtained of all booksellers in the county. Abergavenny. 1845. Guide, tp the Town and Neighbourhood of Aber- gavenny. By John White. Second Edition, revised, and supplied with much new information. 9 plates. Demy 12mo. iv.-97 pp. John S. Meredith, Bookseller, Cross street, Aber- gavenny. 1866. Octavius Morgan's Account of Ancient Monuments in the Priory Church of Abergavenny. Plates. Imperial 8vo. Privately printed. Newport. 1872. ABERGELE... Abel Heywood's Guide to Rhyl, St. Asaph, and Abergele. Manchester, n.d. See William Davies' Handbook of the Vale of Clwyd. 1856. ABERYSTRUTH... Edmund Jones' Geographical, Histori- cal, and Religious Account of the Parish of Abcrystruth, in the County of Monmouth. 8vo. Trevecka. 1779. 140 ABERYSTWYTH... The Aberystwyth Guide: contaming a concise description of the Town, Harbour, Boundaries, Buildings, Places of Worship, Costume, etc. ; with an index of the house- holders, and an analytical account of the Chalybeate Spring, its properties, effects, disorders to which it is applicable, and medical directions for its use. To which are added several extracts, selected from some of the best writers, descriptive of the Rivers Ystwyth and Rhydol, the Devil's Bridge, Hafod, Strata Florida, etc. Foolscap 8vo. viii.-130 pp. Printed by Samuel Williams, in Bridge street, Aberystwyth. 1816. Of this curious history only about 200 copies printed, signed at end " J.S." The New Aberystwyth Guide to the waters, bath- ing houses, public walks, and amusements ; including historical notices and general information, connected with the Town, Castle Ruins, Rivers, Havod, the Devil's Bridge, and all places of note or interest adjacent. Embellished with a map and two views. By T. J. Llewellyn Prichard, author of " Welsh Min- strelsy," etc. Demy 12mo. viii.-195 pp. Printed for and sold by Lewis Jones, Bookseller, and sold at Cranston's Library. Aberystwyth. 1824. New Guide to Aberystwyth, by Thomas Owen Morgan. Plates. Demy 12mo. Aberystwyth. 1848. New Guide to Aberystwyth and its Environs : comprising notices, historical and descriptive, of the principal objects of interest in the town and neighbourhood. By Thomas Owen Morgan, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister at LaV. With illustrations. Second Edition, considerably enlarged. Demy 12mo. viii.-176 pp. Printed and published by J. Cox, Pier street ; and to be had of Messrs. Whittaker and Co., London. Aberystwyth. 1851. New Guide to Aberystwyth, by T. 0. Morgan. Third Edition. Aberystwyth. 1853. Morgan's New Guide to Aberystwyth and Neigh- bourhood. With six views and map. By authority. Crown 8vo. vi.-99 pp. Aberystwyth : John Morgan (late J. Cox), 30, Pier street. London : Whittaker and Co., Ave Maria Lane. 1874. Abel Heywood's Guide to Aberystwyth. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. ABERYSTWYTH CASTLE... A Chronological Summary of the chief events in the History of the Castle of Aberystwyth. Compiled by a member of the Aberystwyth Town Council, for the sole benefit of John Davies, the one-armed labourer employed by 141 the Town to clean the Castle Walks and preserve the Ruins. Portrait of Owen Glyndwr on title. Demy 12mo. 12 pp. Second Edition. Printed by E. Williams and Son, 9, Bridge street, Aberystwyth. 1851. Of this curious and well -compiled tract, a Fourth Edition was published and printed by Phillip Williams, Bridge street, Aber- ystwyth. 1858. AMROTH...See Mary Curtis's Antiquities of Laugharne. 1880. ANGLESEY... Henry Rowlands' Mona Antiqua Restaurata ; an archaeological discourse on the Antiquities of the Isle of Anglesey. Plates. Demy 4to. Dublin, 1723. Mona Antiqua Restaurata, an archasological discourse on the antiquities, natural and historical, of the Isle of Anglesey, the ancient seat of the British Druids, by Henry Rowlands. Map and plates. Demy 4to. Second Edition. 1766. A History of the Island of Anglesey, from its first invasion by the Romans until finally acceded to the Crown of England : together with a distinct description of the towns, harbours, villages, and other remarkable places in it ; and of several antiquities relating thereto never before made public. Serving as a supplement to Rowland's Mona Antiqua Restaurata. To which are also added, Memoirs of Owen Glendowr : who, in the Reign of Henry IV., claimed the Principality of Wales, as Heir to Llewelin last Prince thereto. Transcribed from a MS. in the Library of Jesus College, Oxford : to which are subjoined Notes Historical and Illustrative. The whole collected from authentic remains. Demy 4to. vii.-88 pp. Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall Mall. London. 1775. Said to be writteii by the Rev. N. Owen. Topographical and Historical Description of Anglesey or Mona. Demy 8vo. Plates. London. 1810. An Extent of the County of Anglesey, taken by John de Delves, a.d. 1352, 26 Edw. III. See Transactions of Cymmrodorion, Vol. I., 1822. pp. 336. A History of the Island of Mona, or Anglesey ; including an account of its natural productions, Druidical anti- quities, lives of eminent men, the customs of the court of the antient Welsh Princes, etc., being the Prize Essay to which was adjudged the first premium at the Royal Beaumaris Eisteddfod, held in the month of August, 1832. By Angharad Llwyd. iv.-475 pp. Printed and sold by R. Jones, Llwyd street, Ruthin, and may be had of Messrs. Longman and Co,, Paternoster Row, 142 London, and of the Booksellers in Chester and in the Principality. 1833. The appendix contains a list of the Sheriffs of Anglesey, also the members of Parliament. At the end of the work, over 60 pp. are devoted to the transactions of the Beaumaris Eisteddfod of 1832. History of Beaumaris Castle and the Isle of Anglesey. By D. W. Piighe. Demy 12mo. Illustrated. Printed and published by H. Humphreys. Caernarvon, n.d. Kalendars of Gwynedd : or, chronological lists of Lords-Lieutenant, Custodes Rotulorum, Sheriffs, and Knights of the Shire, for the Counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth, and of the members for the Boroughs of Caernarvon and Beaumaris. To which are added lists of the Lords Presi- dents of Wales, and the Constables of the Castles of Beaumaris, Caernarvon, Conway, and Harlech. Compiled by Edward Breese, F.S.A., Clerk of the Peace, and of Lieutenancy of Merionethshire. With Notes by Wilham Watkin Edward Wynne, Esq., F.S.A., of Peniarth; sometime Knight of the Shire, and afterwards High Sheriff for Merionethshire. Demy 4to. ix.-161 pp. John Camden Hotten, 74 and 75, Piccadilly. London. 1873. See Cambrian Eegister. Vol. I. pp. 390. See William Owen Stanley's Holyhead Island. Demy8vo. 1871. AUSTEN FEIAES...The Monastery of Austen Friars, Newport, by Thomas Wakeman. Imperial 8vo. Etching. Newport. 1859. BANGOR... Survey of the Cathedral of Bangor, and the Edifices belonging to it. By Browne Willis. Demy 8vo. Plan and Plates. 1721. A Guide to Bangor, Beaumaris, Snowdonia, and other parts of North Wales ; with a map, in which the distances are laid down. By John Smith, Lecturer on Education, etc. Third Edition. Improved. Demy 12mo. 88 pp. Printed by E. Smith and Co., Lord street, Liverpool. 1833. An earlier edition was published at Liverpool, 1829. Descriptive Sketch of Bangor, the Suspension Bridge over the Menai, etc., edited by W. Alsop, Junr. Demy 12mo. Plate. Shrewsbury, n.d. Abel Heywood's Guide to Bangor and Beaumaris. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church and Sec of Bangor. By Mr Storer. Demy 8vo. 16 pp. Plates. 143 Published by J. Murray. London. About 1821. This was published complete in one part of a work that was issued in parts under the name of "A Graphic and Historical Descrip- tion of the Cathedrals of Great Britain." BAKDSEY...A Rhort History of Bardsey, collected by Evan Kichard, of Bryncroes, Llwyn, Carnarvonshire, alias Evan Llyn, in the Welsh language, and translated, with a few additional corrections. See Cambrian Eegister. Vol. III. pp. 192. BAEMOUTH...Abel Hey wood's Guide to Barmouth and Harlech. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. BEAUMAEIS...Sce Smith's Guide to Bangor. 12mo. 1829 and 1833. History of Beaumaris Castle and the Isle of Anglesey. By D. W. Pughe. Demy 12mo. Illustrated. Printed and Published by Hugh Humphreys. Carnarvon, n.d. Abel Heywood's Guide to Bangor and Beaumaris. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. BEAUMARIS BAY... A Poem, with Notes, descriptive and explanatory ; particulars of the Druids, founders of some of the Fifteen Tribes of North Wales, the families descended from them, and quotations from the Bards. With an Appendix : containing an account of the Battle of Beaumaris in 1648, and the Taking of the Castle. Nid llafur y gorchwyl y gerir." The work we love is not labour.") Demy 8vo. 56 pp. Chester. Printed by J. Fletcher, in Foregate street ; and sold by S. Sael and Co., No. 92, Strand, London. Written bv Richard Llwyd, known as the Bard of Snowdon. Published in 1800. The Shpres of the Menai, and the Interior of Snowdonia ; scenery unrivalled in its comprehensive variety, the interesting objects which it includes, and che sublime prominence of its features. By Eichard Llwyd. " Nid llafur y gorchwyl y gerir." Labor ipse voluptas. The work we love is not labour. " Ah, Wales ! by how many vestiges of remembered kindness art thou endeared to my heart." Miss Seward. A New Edition. Demy 8vo. iv.-67 pp. Chester : Printed for the Author by J. Parry, 98, Eastgate street. Sold by H. Hughes, 15, Martin's- le-Grand, London, and the Booksellers in Chester and North Wales. 1832. Different in every respect to the edition published in 1800. BEDDGELEET...A Descriptive and Historical Sketch of Beddgelert and its Neighbourhood. By James Hans Bransby. Un pezzo di cielo caduto in terra. Sannazo. Foolscap 8vo. 144 129 pp. Published by T. M. Cradock, Paternoster Row, London, 1840. This excellent little work was printed by W. Potter and Co , Carnarvon. A Short Account of Bedd-Kill-Hart ; or Bedd- gelart, and its Neighbourhood. Foolscap 8vo. 38 pp. Printed by T. Roberts, Caernarvon. 1801. A Short Account of Caernarvon, and Bedd-Kill- Hart ; or Beddgelart, etc. Foolscap 8vo. 72 pp. Printed by T. Roberts, Caernarvon. 1806. BETTWYS Y COED... Abel Heywood's Guide to Llanrwst and Bettwys y Coed. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. BLAENEDWY...See Pritchard's Llandrindod Guide. BRECON... Brecon and its Neighbourhood. Containing descriptions of the Town, the " roads, rivers, and rails," lakes, waterfalls, mountains, fishing, walks, etc., etc., etc. By James Williams, Coroner, J. P., F.R.C.S. Maps and Plates. Demy 16mo. 152 pp. Published at the Office of the Brecon County Times." Milner and Sowerby, Paternoster Row, London. This concise little work was printed at Brecon about 1867. • Christ's College, Brecon, its past History, and Present Capabilities. Demy 8vo. 48 pp. 1853. New Scheme relating to Brecknock Christ's College. Demy 8vo. Printed by Edwin Poole. Brecloiock. 1880. The People's History of Brecon, Town and County, by Edwin Poole. Crown 8vo. iv.-136 pp. double column, small type. Printed at the Brecon County Times Office, High street, Brecon. 1876. One thousand copies of this little work were quickly sold, and the book has long been out of print. The Popular Guide to Brecon and its Neighbour- hood, with coloured map of the County, by Edwin Poole. Crown 8vo. Printed by the author at Brecon. 1883. A Short Account of the Church of Saint John the Evangelist ; or, The Holy Rood, at Brecon. By J. R. Cobb, Esq., of Nythfa. Four engravings. 48 pp. demy 8vo. 1874. Printed at the " Brecon County Times " Offices. See article on the Priory Church of St. John's, Brecon, in *' The Abbeys and Churches of England and Wales." Illustrated, pp. 166—172. By Edwin Poole. Royal 4to. Casscll and Company, London. 1887. 145 BRECKNOCK... A History of the County of Brcclmock, in Two Volumes. Containing the antiquities, sepulchral monu- ments and inscriptions, national curiosities, variations of the soil, stratification, mineralogy, a copious list of rare and other plants, and also the genealogies and arms of the principal families properly coloured or blazoned, together with the names of the patrons and incumbents of all the Parishes and Livings in that County, by Theophilus Jones, Deputy Registrar of the Archdeaconry of Brecon. Royal 4to. Vol. I., xxv.-371 pp. Vol. II. (sometimes bound in two volumes). xviii.-840 pp. Maps and numerous plates, and 84 coats of arms emblazoned. Brecknock. Printed and sold by William and George North, Booksellers, etc, for the author, and sold by J. Booth, Duke street, Portland Place, London. 1805 — 9. See Manby's Picturesque Guide through Monmouth, etc. 8vo. 1802. History of the Counties of Brecknock and Caermarthen, Towns, Castles, Antiquities, Families, etc., by J. Rees. Demy 8vo. Plates. 1810. Sheriffs of Brecknockshire. A list of gentlemen who have served the office of High Sheriff of the county of Brecon, from A.D. 1539, the thirtieth year of the reign of King Henry VIII., to A.D. 1864, the twenty-seventh year of the reign of her Majesty Queen Victoria, with Notes, by the late J. P. Ord, Esq., Tenby, and Joseph Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., Brecon See Cambrian Journal, for 1863, pp. 258. The Military Annals of the County of Brecknock. The 24th Regiment — South Wales Borderers, 1st and 2nd Battalions. The Brecknock and Radnor Militia — South Wales Borderers, 3rd 'feattalion. The Brecknockshire Rifle Volunteers — 1st Volunteer Battalion South Wales Borderers. By Edwin Poole, Brecknock. Demy 8vo. 73 pp. Printed by the Author, at the County Times " Offices. Brecknock. 1885. BRECONSHIRE. ..The History of the Breconshire Charities (Borough and County). Compiled from Official Returns and other sources, by Edwin Poole. 4to. 40 pp. Printed and published by Edwin Poole, " County Times " Offices, Brecon. 1880. {To be continued.) 146 WELSH NOTES. NOTES. WELSH WESLEYAN METHODISM (See p. 63).— In the Principality, Wesleyan Methodism has never possessed the influence among the Welsh speaking inhabitants that other religious organizations have wielded. The Eev. J. Evans, of London (" Eglwys-bach "), read an interesting paper on this subject at a convention in Merthyr a few years ago, when he sought to explain why the Welsh Wesleyan Methodists were such a feeble folk." He stated that John Wesley first visited Wales in 1739, and paid a final visit in 1789, having often made his home at Bailea, near Defynnock. The first Welsh Wesleyan - cause was established at Cardiff on May 6th, 1743, but even in 1765 only two ministers were stationed in Wales. Wesleyanism was therefore almost the last form of Nonconformity to be intro- duced into Wales, Independency having been established in 1633 the Baptist Societies in 1649, and the Calvinistic Methodist Eevival having begun in 1734. After fifty years existence in Wales, Welsh Wesleyan Methodism had only gained a little over one thousand members. In 1816 — 20 the number of ministers was reduced from 46 to 29. The societies never recovered this blow fully, but signs of prosperity were appearing, when the agitation of 1849 inflicted another blow on the already tried Wesleyans. South Wales had in 1883 only 80 Welsh Wesleyan ministers, while the Calvinistic Methodists had between 300 and 400 ministers. Mr. Evans gave the following reasons for the unsatisfactory state of Welsh Wesleyan Methodism, as compared with other Nonconformist churches : — (1) It was introduced into Wales long after the other forms of Nonconformity were estab- lished ; (2) the Welsh language — Wesley and his first leading preachers could only speak English, and his followers never found in the pulpit such preachers as Christmas Evans and other pulpit celebrities ; (3) the spread of the English language militated against the progress of Welsh Wesleyan Methodism, while it 147 aided the English Weslcyan societies. To these reasons I would add a fourth, which was given me by an old Wesleyan minister who was well acquainted with the Principality and its inhabitants : That Welsh Wesleyan societies were found to be more expensive than other Nonconformist societies, and as the Welsh people were as a community compelled by their circumstances to study economy, they did not become Wesleyans as rapidly as might otherwise have been the case. I would add, that the Welsh Wesleyans have recently sustained a severe loss in the removal of the Eev. Owen Owens, one of the oldest and best orators of the Welsh pulpit, who has frequently preached in Brecon. Mr. Owens was in many respects a marvellous man, whose body, soul, and mind had been constructed on a large scale, and if the story of his life was written, it would be found teeming with incidents and adventures that would prove him to have been in Wales what Peter Cartwright was in America. It is an interesting fact to Welshmen, that the most popular Wesleyan minister in London at present is a young Welshman, the Eev. Hugh Price Hughes, whose grandfather travelled in the Brecon circuit. Mr. Hughes is the leader of the young Methodist party, wields a world-wide influence as the popular editor of the Methodist Times^ and the votes given him for the presidency of the Conference are an indication that he will, in all probability, ere long win the highest distinction open to him as a Wesleyan minister. B. BIBLIOGEAPHY. NOTES. WELSH DICTION AEIES AND GEAMMAES (pp. 94— 99). — I have come across the following titles, which may be added to " Morgania's " interesting list : — 1540. — Boke of knowledge, treatetli of the dysposition of Welshman, and of the Countrie of Wales, to tech an Englyshe- 148 man to speake Welsh, with Glossary of Welslie words, etc. Quarto. In black letter, many curious woodcuts. By Dr. A. Borde. A reprint was made in 1814 by W. Upcott ; only 124 copies were printed in fac simile of the original. Of the original edition of this curious work only two copies are known to exist. 1617. — The English Cambro-Britannica Dictionary (i.e., British or Welsh). Two volumes in one, folio. By John Minshew, Welshman. This work is said to be highly valuable for the old Welsh words it contains, many of which do not occur in modern Welsh dictionaries. 1671. — English and Welsh Dictionary. " Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanse." Author : S. Skinner. This is said to be a valuable early English, Welsh, and Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Good and perfect copies have sold for £3 10s. and £4 10s. Thick folio. 1707. — Archseologia Britannica, includmg a British, i.e., Welsh Dictionary. Folio, Very rare. By Edw. Lhwyd. Nassau's copy sold for £4 8s. 1803. — Grammar of the Welsh Language, with Welsh words. Royal 8vo. By William Owen. 1809. — Antiques Linguae Britannicae Kudimenta. Octavo. By J. D. Davies. 1852. — Welsh-English and English-Welsh Dictionary. Two vols., octavo. By T. Evans. 1853. — A Grammar of the Welsh Language. By the Eev. Thomas Eowland, Vicar of Ehuddlan, North Wales. Four editions of this grammar have been published, the last in 1876. Mr. Eowland died on April 17th, 1884, aged 59. 1877. — Grammadeg Cymraeg : gan David Eowlands, B.A. {Dewi Mon). Printed at Wrexham, by Hughes and Son. Foolscap octavo. The author of this grammar is not to be con- founded with the Eev. Thomas Eowland. Mr. Eowlands is classical professor at the Memorial College, Brecon. It will be remembered that at the National Eisteddfod of 1885, the Eev. 149 Professor Rowlands, B.A., won one of the two £50 prizes, given by Lord Bute, for the best Welsh translation of the Alccstis of Euripides. HALLIWELL PHILLIPS' SALE CATALOGUE.— Halliwell Phillips (the Shaksperian scholar) gathered together a goodly collection of books relating to North Wales, which he sold by auction in 1861. I have tried high and low for years to obtain a copy of this sale catalogue without success. Halliwell Phillips has no copy, and I know of no one who has. I will be extremely glad to learn who has a copy of this catalogue, and if anyone has a copy that they are willing to sell, I will willingly give a reasonable price for same, so as I can get use for biblio- graphical purposes. Henry Blackwell. New York. REPLIES, THE MABINOGION (p. 73).— Silurian evidently is mis- informed when he quotes that The Boy's Mabinogion " was edited by Lady Guest. ^This work was edited and arranged from the original edition of Lady Guest's " Mabinogion," by an American, Sidney Lanier, who also edited The Boy's Froissart " and The Boy's King Arthur." It was first published at New York, and the English edition was evidently printed in America, with an English imprint. The full title is as follows : " The " Boy's Mabinogion, being the Earliest Welsh Tales of King " Arthur, in the famous Red Book of Hergest. Edited for Boys, with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. Illustrated by Alfred "Fredericks. New York. Charles Scribner and Sons, 1881." There are twelve illustrations. Bvo, xx. 361 pp. Henry Blackwell. New York. 150 MARY HOWITT (p. 71).— The title of the novel was " The Coast of Caergwen." 3 vols, post 8vo. London, 1864. Henry Black well. New York. JAMES HOWELLS' WORKS (pp. 32-69).— Quoting from booksellers' catalogues, I find that Howell published his famous " English, French, and Spanish Dictionary" in 1650. Folio. Familiar Letters," first edition (priced at 50s.), 1645. Second edition, 1650. Other editions were published in 1655, 1673, 1688. Sixth edition, 1705, 1726, and 1754. Dodona's Grove, or the Vocal Forest : " First edition published 1640 (priced at 14s.) ; also in 1645 and 1649. " England's Tears for the Present War," published 1644, 1645, and 1649. " Pre-Eminence of Parliaments," issued in 1645 and 1649. " Downright Dealings, or the Despised Protestant." Small 4to. Printed 1647. Poems upon divers Emergent Occasions." 12mo. First edition published 1664. Priced 24s. Henry Blackwell. New York. EDITIONS OF BIBLES AND TESTAMENTS PUB- LISHED IN WELSH (p. 70).— A complete bibhography of all Bibles, Testaments, and Prayer Books in Welsh would be an excellent idea if well and correctly done. To aid the work along, I send particulars of what has been published in America : — ''Y Bibl Lyssegr-Lan, sef yr Hen Destament a'r Newydd." Bibl Gymdeithas Americanaidd. Caerefrog Newydd. (Welsh Nonpareil Reference Bible, published by the American Bible Society [EstabHshed 1816] , New York). Deimj mm. 938 pp. First edition published 1858 ; 2nd, 1859 ; 3rd, 1868 ; 4th, 1872 ; 5th, 1882. " Testament Newydd ein Harglwydd a'n Hiachawdur lesu Grist." (New Testament). Published by the American Bible Society, New York. 32mo, 412 pp. First edition published 1859 ; 151 2nd, 18G1 ; 3rd, 1863; 4th, 1805 ; 5th, 18C7 ; Gth, 1869 ; 7th, 1871 : 8th, 1871 ; 9th, 1874 ; 10th, 1875 ; 11th, 1882. ** Testament Newydd ein Harglwydd a'n Hiachawdur lesu Grist." (New Testament, in EngHsh and Welsh). PubHshed by the American Bible Society, New York. 12mo., 698 pp. First edition pubHshed 1854 ; 2nd, 1855 ; 3rd, 1856 ; 4th, 1864 ; 5th, 1868 ; 6th, 1871 ; 7th, 1873 ; 8th, 1881 ; 9th, 1885. Henry Blackwell. New York. FIKST EDITIONS OF WELSH BOOKS (p. 32).~ Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, Auctioneers, London, on Monday, June 28th, 1886, auctioneered a small collection of valuable books relating to Wales and the Welsh. The collection con- tained 304 lots, which realized over £300, and from a priced catalogue in my possession, I quote prices of some of the most important works : — * ' Arch^eologia Cambrensis," 14 vols., 1846-59, £4 15/-; ''Cambrian Eegister," 3 vols., 38/-; *' Cambro Briton," 3 vols., 30/- ; " Myvrian Archaeology of Wales, 3 vols., 1801-7, 105/- ; Lady Guest's " Mabinogion," 3 vols, 67/6 ; " lolo Manuscripts," 1848, 33/- ; Browne Willis' " Survey of the Cathedral Churches of Llandaff, St. David's, Bangor, and St. Asaph," 4 vols., 58/-; Kees's "Essay on the Welsh Saints," 22/- ; Llwyd's " Breviary of Britain," 1573, 30/- ; Lewis Glyn Cothi Poetical Works, 12/- ; Dafyddap Gwilym's " Barddoniaeth," 1789, 16/-; Pritchard's " Canwyll y Cymru," 1721, 9/-; " Chronicles of Froissart and Monstrelst," translated by Thomas Johnes, 10 vols. (Hafod Press), 1803—9, 54/- ; Southey's "Life of King Arthur," 2 vols., 1817, 56/- ; Heywood's " Life of Merlin," 1641, 37/-; Meyrick's "Heraldic Visitations of Wales," 150/-; Jones "Brecknock," 172/-; Jones and Freeman's " History of St. David's," 18 56, 52/-; Meyrick's "Cardiganshire," 63/-; Williams' " Monmouthshire," 52/- ; Edward Jones' " Welsh Bards," 26/- ; Vaughan's " British Antiquities Kevived," 1662, 20/- ; Fenton's " Pembrokeshire," 51/- ; Rowland's " Anglesey," 1723, 14/-; Second edition, 1766, 24/-; Malkin's "South 152 Wales," 1804, 25/-; Yorke's " Koyal Tribes of Wales," 25/- ; Yorke's " Tracts of Powys," 1795, 20/- ; Lloyd's History of Cambria," 1584, 64/- ; Hughes' Beauties of Cambria," 1823, 20/- ; Pugh's British and Outlandish Prophesies," 1651, 52/- ; Salisbury's New Testament, 1567 (the first Welsh Testament published^, £32 ; Welsh Common Prayer, 1621, 80/- ; Enderby's ♦'Cambria Triumphans," 1810, 30/-; Llwyd's " Archaeologia Britannica," 1707, 32/- ; Morgan's Welsh Bible, 1588 (the first Welsh Bible published), £40 ; Welsh Bible of 1620, 52/- ; 1690 edition, 30/- ; 1790 edition, 5/-. Can anyone inform me whose collection of Welsh books these were ? About two years ago, at an auction sale of books in New York, I bought excellent copies of Jones' " Brecknockshire " for 24/- ; Fenton's " Pembrokeshire," 14/-; and Yorke's " Koyal Tribes of Wales" for 6/-. These were remarkably cheap, considering that Welsh literature sold at auctions in New York generally exceed the prices asked for by London booksellers. Heney Blackwell. New York. RAEE OLD WELSH BOOK.— I should think, from the subjects quoted by your queryist, J. Myfenydd Morgan, that the book he saw must have been, " Yr Henavion Cymreig," by Mr. H. Hughes, author of the Beauties of Cambria," and pub- lished at Caermarthen by J. Evans, in the year 1823. Mr. Hughes distinguished himself perhaps more than any other Welshman as a wood engraver, as shown in his ♦' Beauties of Cambria." He commenced publishing an edition of " Brut y Cymru," to consist of twenty parts. I happen to have the onJy part ever issued, which comprises two full-paged wood-cuts of Carmarthen Town and Pont Aberteifi, together with initial illustrations commencing each chapter. Mr Hughes married a daughter of the late Eev. D. Charles, of Caermarthen, and it was he, I believe, who published the volume of sermons by that able divine. MORGANIA. Yol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : May 31st, 1888. No. 5. PEKSONAL. Will our Subscribers kindly show this Magazine to their friends, and thus try and procure us some additional supporters. We think Mr. Blackwell's articles alone are well worth the subscription charged for the Magazine. We require fifty more Subscribers to pay printing expenses. Where are the Welsh Nationalists we hear so much of in these latter days, eh ? CHARLES PRATT, EARL CAMDEN. (Continued fkom Page 131). Out of office Camden continued to be the same uniform opposer to all unconstitutional doctrines. He took an active part only on constitutional questions, such as the Middlesex election, the Law of Libels, the Eoyal Marriage Act, &c., till some time previous to the breaking out of the American War. Foreseeing, by the steps which the ministry were taking, that they were about to involve their country in a war which portended the most dreadful evils to both countries, he was unwearied in his efforts to prevent a rupture. His friend, the Earl of Chatham, after a long absence occasioned by illness, appeared in the House of Lords on this occasion. He saw the storm about to burst, and early in the year 1775 he came down to the House to express his utmost disapprobation of the whole system of American measures. When the American papers were laid on the table, his lordship moved an address for recalling the troops from 154 Boston, in which he was ably supported by Lord Camden. They represented this measure as a matter of immediate necessity — that an hour lost in allaying the ferments in America, might produce years of calamity — that the present situation of the troops rendered events possible which would cut off the proba- bility of a reconciliation — that this conciliating measure, thus well-timed on our side, would remove all jealousy and apprehen- sion on the other, and instantaneously produce the happiest effects to both. On the second reading of the Bill for settling an annuity on the heirs of the Earl of Chatham, the Duke of Chandos particu- larly objected to the perpetuity of the grant, and to the mischievous precedent it would set for similar applications from men in high stations. Lord Camden felt for the honour of his deceased friend, and spoke in support of the Bill with an energy that seemed to grow out of the occasion. The remaining years of the American War were full of disaster, and presented still gloomier prospects. A war with France broke out immediately after the Earl of Chatham's death, which was followed by a. similar declaration from Spain, and ultimately by a declaration on the part of Great Britain against the United States. Under such an accumulation of national disaster the greatest characters in the kingdom were loudly called upon to exert themselves, either by advice or personal efforts, in its defence. Lord Camden, though he had lost a tower of defence in his late friend, had a firm support in the abilities of the Duke of Kichmond, the Marquis of Kockingham, and Lord Shelburne. With these noblemen he continued to act in concert till the spring of the year 1782, when the ministry, losing the confidence of the House as well as the public, retired from power in the beginning of March, and on the 27th a new ministry was formed under the auspices of the Marquis of Kockingham, con- stituted First Lord of the Treasury. Lord Camden was appointed Lord President of the Council. 155 In May, 1786, his Majesty, in consideraiiion of Lord Camden's long and faithful services, raised his lordship from the rank of Baron to that of Earl Camden, Viscount Bayham. At this period, now at the advanced age of seventy-three, his lordship had some idea of retiring from public business, but the King graciously interceded against this resolution, and as his lordship's health and spirits were competent to his duty, he submitted to the royal pleasure and continued in office. The last public act of his lordship corresponded to the first, and the whole tenour of his life was in support of the constitu- tional liberties of the subject. The Bill respecting trials in cases of libel "came before the House of Lords on the 18th of May, 1792. His lordship, through age and infirmities, had not attended the House for some time ; but as this Bill was intended to give the power to a British jury to determine on a matter of law as well as fact in the case of a libel — a point which his lord- ship had unremittingly contended for — he felt it his duty to give it his last support. He therefore attended in his place upon this occasion ; and when the order for the further consideration of the report of the bill was moved, spoke in support of it at consider- able length. He began with declaring that he never intended to trouble their lordships on a public question again, since age had laid its hand upon him, and he had no longer that vigour left that was necessary to maintain a contest of argument ; but that he held it to be his indispensable duty, as long as he had senti- ments upon the subject, and a tongue to utter them, to stand up and defend his opinion respecting the rights of juries to decide upon the law as well as the fact — an opinion which was by no means new to their lordships, since it was upon record. The judges, he observed, instating their opinions, had avoided coming to the point, and had not given anything like a satisfactory answer to the main question which created all the difficulty. Their opinion seemed to be worded with a careful attention to escape the notice of the only matter that created anything like a differ- ence of sentiment. The doctrine that all matters of law lay 156 within the jurisdiction of the judges, and matters of fact only with the juries, was a modern doctrine, and a practice unheard of in ancient times, arising from a perverse apphcation of that well- known maxim, " In quasstionem legis respondent judices sed in qusBstionem facti respondent juratores." His lordship explained in what cases the maxim applied and where it did not ; and con- tended that it had no reference whatever to a trial of a criminal case in the first instance, but must appertain only to questions which come judicially before a Court subsequent to a verdict. His lordship then entered into a discussion of the difference between a general verdict and special verdict, declaring that nothing could be more opposite than the one to the other. In a special verdict the jury found the facts, but referred the law that resulted from to the judges or court to decide upon. After stating a direction of Chief Justice Jeffries, his lordship related from memory what had occurred on the trial of Owen the bookseller, before Lord Chief Justice Lee, when he had himself been counsel for the defendant. At that time he said the jury took upon themselves to take the whole of the case, the law as well as the facts into their own hands, and acquitted the defendant. From memory, he said he absolutely denied that he ever held a practice different from the doctrine that he was then maintaining : if any noble lord was in possession of any notes of that trial which contradicted what he said, be must give way to their authority. In the case of Dr. Shebbeare he had turned his back to the Court and directed all he had to say to the jury. His Lordship next mentioned the case where the verdict on a trial for a libel had been " Guilty of printing and publishing only," which the Court could not get over ; and therefore said if the Attorney General chose it, he might begin de novo.'' But no new trial ever was instituted, because it was pretty clear from the verdict on the first trial what the sense of the country was upon the paper in question. His Lordship contended that they must destroy the corner-stone of the constitution who denied the jury the right to decide upon both 157 the law and the fact. Those who argued differently might say, How would they guard against the ill consequences ? " Why, by a new trial, if there should be any legal ground for one. Formerly a jury was liable to be attainted for a false verdict ; but the practice of attaint had been long out of use, and the customary mode of correcting the errors of a jury was by a new trial, which their Lordships would recollect, would carry the matter again before a jury for decision. It was the conscience of a jury that must pronounce the prisoner guilty. And why, he asked, were not a jury to be trusted in cases of libel as well as in other concerns ? Did they not trust them in all that concerned property and liberty, nay, even life and limb ? A libel, his Lordship said, must obviously have a seditious tendency, — a tendency to disturb the King's peace, and was not any man of common sense upon a jury as competent as a judge to say, whether a paper charged as a libel had that tendency or not ? Another, and a most material point in trials for libel, was the intention, the quo animo with which the person accused published. The intention must be proved, and how could they prove it by facts ? The moment the intention produces the action, it mixes with it, and becomes part of the action ; and Judge Jeffries himself has declared, " That no man could judge of another's intentions but by his word and actions." His Lordship after accurately defining what was the proper proof of a man's criminal intentions, stated the inestimable value of the liberty of the press, and asked who should be the regulators of the liberty of the press in this country, judges or jurors ? Judges, he said, might, as they all knew, be corrupt ; but juries never could. He concluded with declaring his intention for moving to strike out such words in the preamble of the Bill as in the least tended to divide the power of a jury in matters of law as well as facts in cases of libel. The debate on this Bill being interrupted by the sudden illness of Lord Stormont, the House adjourned to the Monday following, when after a long discussion the question of commitment was carried by a considerable majority. On the commitment of 168 the Bill, the debates were renewed with additional force of eloquence on both sides. The Lord Chancellor Thurlow " wished to submit to their Lordships the necessity of so amending the Bill as to make it conformable to what its principle — if any principle it had — pretended to be." His Lordship then went into a long argument, in which he elaborately contended for the doctrines he had stated in the former debate on the second reading of the Bill, justified the learned judges for the opinion they had delivered, and asserted that the Bill would go out of the House a Parliamentary condemnation of the opinions and rule of practice which they had entertained and acted upon in pursuance of the example of their ancestors. Lord Kenyon spoke on the same side. Lord Camden replied to both, and again contended with a spirit and zeal extraordinary in one of his age, that a jury had an undoubted right to form their verdict themselves according to their consciences, applying to the fact ; if it were otherwise, he said, the first principle of the law of England would be defeated and overthrown. If the twelve judges were to assert the contrary again and again his Lordship declared he would deny it utterly, because every Englishman was to be tried by his country : and who was his country but his twelve peers, sworn to condemn or acquit according to their consciences ? If the case were otherwise, and the opposite doctrine was to obtain, trial by jury would be a nominal trial — a mere form ; for in fact, the judge, and not the jury, would try the man ; and for the truth of this argument, his Lordship said he would contend to the latest hour of his life — Manibus pedibusque. The amendment moved by the Lord Chancellor was rejected, and the rest of the Bill gone through and agreed to without further amendment. A.S. Brecon. [To be continued.) 1S9 NOVELS RELATING TO WALES. By the Editor. 1785. — Anna, or The Memoirs of a Welsh Heiress. By Agnes Maria Bennett. 4 vols. Dedicated to the Princess Royal. We are told that the whole impression of the work, although published anonymously, was sold on the day of publication. The novel was twice translated into French. Of the early life of the authoress little is known. She published several novels, and seems to have gained great popularity in fashionable circles. One of her novels, produced in 6 vols., at 36a., and called " Vicissitudes Abroad, or the Ghost of my Father," was sold to the extent of 2,000 copies on the day of issue. Mrs. Bennett died at Brighton on February 12th, 1808. In 1853 an attempt was made to reprint The Welsh Heiress," but it failed after the issue of the first (a cheap ^ number. 1794. — Ellen, Countess of Castle Howel. By Mrs. Agnes Maria Bennett. 4 vols. Issued from the Minerva Press. 1798. — The Stranger ; or Llewellyn Family. A Cambrian Tale. 2 vols. duo. Published in London. 1805. — Ellen, Countess of Castle Howell. A Novel. 4 vols, duo. By Mrs. Bennett. Published by Newman, London. 1807. — Gunning's Orphans of Snowdon. Second Edition. 8 vols. 12s. Published by Crosby and Co., Stationers' Court, London. 1809. — The Bard, or the Towers of Morven. A Legendary Tale of Evan Jones. 1 vol. duo. Published in London. 1815. — "Journal of Llewellin Penrose," a Seaman. Edited by the Rev. John Eagles. 4 vols. Published by Murray, London. The work is dedicated by the Editor to Benjamin West, P.R.A. Llewellin Penrose, or Williams, thus speaks of himself: — " I was born near Caerfilli, in Glamorgan, in the month of May, 1725." Williams took the name of Penrose from one of the captains he sailed under. After years at sea, he was wrecked, and experienced surprising adventures among Indians for twenty years. 160 1816. — The Sons of St. David ; a Cambro-British Historical Tale of the Fourteenth Century. By Griffith ab Grufifydd, Esq. 3 vols. duo. Newman and Co., London. 1817. — The Welsh Mountaineer. A Novel. By Catherine Hutton. 3 vols. duo. Hurst and Co., London. 1818. — Llewellin, or The Vale of Phlinlimmon. 3 vols. duo. Edinburgh. 1820. — The Welsh Cottage. A Pleasant Tale. 1 vol. duo. Published at Wellington, Salop. ... " Y Gwelygordd," or, A Child of Sin ; a Tale of the Welsh. 3 vols. Newman, London. 1821. — Bleddyn ; a Welsh National Tale. By W. S. Wickenden. 2 vols. duo. Published in London. 1822. — Old Stones, by Miss Spence. 2 vols. Published by Longman and Co., London. This novel is dedicated to Mrs Myddleton Biddulph, of Chirk Castle. 1828.— Twm Sion Catti. By Llewellyn Prichard. Printed at Aberystwith, by John Cox. Second Edition : Printed by J. T. Jones for E. Pool, at Cowbridge, in 1839. An English edition was published by Griffith, Son, and Co., of London " for the booksellers," under the title of '* The " Humourous Adventures of the Welsh Eobin Hood, com- *• monly known as Twm Shon Catti." Numerous editions have appeared in English, one of the last being printed some fifteen years ago by the late John Pryse, of Llan- idloes. Prichard was a man of universal talent, but drink ruined him, and he is said to have died in Swansea Workhouse. 1833. — Tales about Wales, with a Catechism of Welsh History, by a Lady of the Principality. [By Mrs. Campbell.] Printed in December, 1833, by John Eddowes, Shrewsbury, and published in London by Longmans. A second edition of the " Tales " was published in Edinburgh in 1837. The authoress, Eliza Constantia, was the eldest daughter of Eichard Pryse, Esq., ofGunley, Montgomery- shire. Born January 8th, 1796. Married, in 1826, 161 Commander Campbell, of the Royal Navy ; he died in December, 1832, and she subsequently married Captain Hugh Morrieson in 1844. Mrs. Morrieson died in 1864. In compiling her work, the authoress received valuable assistance from Dr. Owen Pughe. 1836. — The Mountain Decameron (a work of fiction). By Dr. John Downes, of Builth, Brecknockshire. 3 vols. Post 8vo. The author was a Londoner, but took up his residence late in life at Builth. He was a very eccentric character, and was in the habit of going about the county and living in a small tent. On these excursions he was generally accom- panied by his two sons. He was a frequent contributor to the periodicals of the day. Dr. Downes died at Rose Cottage, Builth, in 1860, and, by his own request, was buried under a particular tree in Aberedw Churchyard. 1839. — The Vale of Glamorgan : Scenes and Tales among the Welsh. 1 vol. Octavo. London. 1844.— The Youth of Edward Ellis, with other Tales of Welsh Society. 2 vols. duo. Newman and Co., London. 1846. — The Clans Man. By Shirley Brooks. This tale appeared during 1846-7 in a scarce serial called Oswald's Well." 1847. — Amy ; Sketches of Wales and the Welsh. 1848. — Tales of the Cymry. By James Motley. (The scenes are all laid in Glamorganshire). Printed by J. Thomas, Llanelly. 1849. — Traits and Stories of the Welsh Peasantry. By Anne Beale. 1 vol. duo. London. Owen Glyndower, or, The Prince of Wales : an Historical Romance. 2 vols. duo. London. Owen Tudor ; an Historical Romance. 3 vols. duo. London. 1850. — Emily Trevor, or, The Vale of Elwy. 1 vol. duo. London. 1868. — A Legend of Pembroke Castle. By Francis Georgina Herbert. 2 vols. London. 1853. — Raymond de Monthault, the Lord Marcher ; a Legend of the Welsh Borders. By the Rev. R. W. Morgan, of Tregynon. 3 vols. Published by Richard Bentley, London. 162 The plot is laid at Powis Castle, and many places in the neighbourhood are introduced into the tale. 1855. — Jeffrey Jarman, the Eeformed Drunkard (Jeffrey Jarman y Meddwyn diwygiedig). By Eichard Roberts, " GruJffydd Rhisiart." He was one of the three famous sons of an equally famous father — the late Rev. John Roberts, Llanbrynmair. In 1856 our novelist emigrated to East Tennessee, and suffered great privations during the Civil War; he was faithful to the Union throughout the struggle. He returned to his native country in 1872, and took up his residence at Conway, with his brothers Samuel and John. He died there on July 25th, 1883, aged 73. 1858.— The Gordian Knot. By Shirley Brooks, Editor of Punch. In this novel the author, who lived for some years in the Welsh border town of Oswestry, opens his tale on the steps of the Old Chapel of that town. 1858. — Gladys of Harlech, a Romance of Welsh History. By ''L. M. S." 3 vols. duo. Published by C. J. Skeet, London. This novel treats of the period of the Wars of the Roses, when Queen Margaret took refuge in the Castle, which Davydd ap Einion so manfully defended in subsequent days against Sir Richard Herbert. The writer of this novel is said to display such talent that it must have been written by one who is no novice in the study of Welsh character. 1860. — Holidays among the Mountains, or. Scenes and Stories of Wales. By M. B. Edwards. 1860. — Gladys, the Reaper. A novel in 3 vols. By Anne Beale, authoress of Simplicity and Fascination." Published by Bentley and Son, London. The scenes are mostly laid in Carmarthenshire. 1861. — The Silver Cord. A Story. By Shirley Brooks. It has references to a town called Lipthwaite, and a church is therein described modelled from Oswestry Old Church. Shirley Brooks died on the 23rd February, 1875. The Pennant Family : the Story of the Earl of Craigavon. By Anne Beale, authoress of " 'Squire Lister's Bequest," *' Gladys the Reaper," etc, With 8 full-page illustrations. Crown octavo r 168 This tale first appeared in serial form in The Quiver. The scene is wholly laid in Merionethshire. Anne Beale wrote several other novels, the scenes of which are laid in the counties of Glamorgan, Cardigan, and Carmarthen, not- ably Country Courtships," 3 vols. ; ** Kose Mervyn : a Story of the Eebecca Riots," 3 vols. ; " Seven Years for Rachel, or Sketches from Nature, taken in Wales," 1vol. ; " The Queen of the May," 1 vol. 1864.— The Coast of Caergwyn. By Mary Howitt. 8 vols. Post 8vo. London. 1864.— The Trial of the Tredgolds. By Edward Button Cook. Published in Temple Bar magazine in 1862, and after in book form. It is said this novel relates to Llanidloes, and that many of its scenes are laid there. It appears Mr. Cook had a brother working on the Mid- Wales Railway during its construction, and possibly was indebted to him for some •* copy " ideas. Button Cook died in 1883. He published several other novels. The Trial of the Tredgolds " was his greatest literary success. 1868 (?).— Phillip Vaughan's Marriage. By Mrs. Fitz- Maurice Parry Okeden. 2 vols. Published by Newby and Co., London. Regarding this work of fiction, Cymro ' writes to us : — " The opening chapters, dealing with Wales and Welsh ** scenery, were descriptive of Llandrindod Wells, and the Old * Pump-house,' with its Welsh and English water ** drinkers. Mrs. Okeden was partly Welsh. Her ** father, Major Rhys, being a younger son of a Rees, of ** Killymaenllwyd, who elected to spell his name according to the Welsh style — ' Rhys.' Her mother was a Lancashire woman, the only child of Sir Watts Horton, and niece to the then Earl of Derby. Mrs. Okeden " spent a good deal of her time in Carmarthenshire, and "at * The Wells,' previous to her marriage (Mr. Okeden '* was nephew to the present Earl of Essex), and she has '* written and published several other books, but I do not " remember that any of them treat of Wales. She " dedicated * Phillip Vaughan's Marriage ' to a Cymraes, Mrs. Alfred Watney, a relative of her own." 1871. — Jeremiah Mobbole, or The Charitable Brothers. By — Lloyd, Post 8vo. 1G4 1872.— The Maid of Sker. By R. D. Blackmore. 3 vols. 1875. — Gwendraeth. This story, by Mrs. Watney, was pub- lished in the May/air Magazine for February, 1875. Published by Hebron and Co., 8, John street, Adelphi, London. It deals exclusively with Welsh people, chiefly in the mining districts of Wales, and describes a dreadful colliery accident. The same authoress published another tale about sixteen years ago, which was very favourably received by the press, entitled " Christmas at Beaumaris Castle in the Thirteenth Century." Historical characters are introduced, and the scenery laid in the Island of Anglesey. 1875. — ^ Janet's ^Home. By Annie Keary. Published by Macmillan and Co., London. Contains much relating to Wales. 1875. — The Cambrian Sketch-Book : Tales, Scenes, and Legends of Wild Wales. By R. Rice Davies, author of Essay on Recreation Grounds for Swansea," etc. 1 vol. Demy 8vo. Printed by the Cambrian Welsh and English Book Publishing Company, Swansea. The book is dedicated to Lady Llanover, and the preface is dated Swansea, July, 1875." There are eight stories or sketches : Ascent of Snowdon (a scenic sketch) ; A Story of Dunraven Castle in the Olden Times ; Parson Jones ; Cadwgan Wynn ; Traditions ot Llyn Savathan ; T.re- ffjnion, or Legends of St. Winifred ; the Visit of Elidorus to the Fairy Kingdom beneath the Bay ; Cefn-y-bedd (historic sketch). Mr. Davies promised a second volume of Tales, but we never heard whether they were ever published. The author died at Chester a few years back. 1881. — His Father, or a Mother's Legacy. By Silas K. Hocking, F.R.H.S., author of *• Her Benny," " Alec Green," etc. 1 vol. Octavo. 346 pp. Published by Fred. Warne and Co., London. In the preface the author observes : "As regards the story " itself, I need not say much. It may, however, be of interest to some of my readers to know that it rests on a foundation of facts, some of which I gathered during a two years residence among the hills of South Wales." The locale of the scenery is the village of " Cwmdare." 165 1886. — Llangobaith : A Story of North Wales. By the Kev. Erasmus W. Jones. 1 voh Octavo, pp. 359. Printed by Thomas J. Griffith, at Utica, N.Y. This is a thoroughly Welsh story throughout, the ground- work of the plot centreing around Bala Lake. The following tales have also been published, and we shall be glad to receive further particulars about them, dates of publication, etc. : — Bronwen. An eisteddfodic prize tale of the times of Owen Glyndwr. By Beriah Gwynfe Evans. Hidden Fire. (This novel treats of the Chartist outbreak in South Wales). Sir Cosmo Digby. By J. A. St. John. (A tale of the Monmouthshire Kiots). David Lloyd's Last Will. By Hesba Stretton. (Has much to do with the scenery of Barmouth). Hostages to Fortune. By Miss Braddon. The gifted authoress pourtrays Llandrindod Wells, and has a good description of an eisteddfod held there, at which the writer of these notes was present, when Miss Braddon invested the various prize winners. She has a very good sketch of our friend Kilsby, who happened to be the conductor of the eisteddfod on the occasion ; and, of course, Kilsby was in " fine form." Strange Adventures of a Phaeton. By — Black. Jn this novel is revealed an interesting scene in the Fairy Glen, at Bettws-y-Coed. Two or three novels by Thomas Love Peacock, relate to, or have scenes laid in Wales. Hirell, by J. Sanders. The Betrothed. By Scott. Henty, war correspondent of the Standard, is said to have written two tales with the scenery laid near Llanidloes. Mr. Henty was also engaged on the construction of the Welsh railways. 166 OLD BRECON WILLS. [Continued from Page 93] . C.P.C. Admon. 1634 June 27. Games Edward* of parish of St. Davids co. Brecon Esq., to the Venerable Thomas Gwyn, Doctor of Laws, pendente lite " between Walter Vaughan Knt. and George Vaughan Esq. Exors. (as asserted) of the will of the sd. deed., of the one part, and Catherine Games the relict of the other. By decree, fo. 34. 1635-6 Mar. 23. Morgan Lewis of Euperry co. Mon. Knt. but dying at Hampsted Mdsx., to William Carne Esq. a Creditor, the relict Dame Ann Morgan renouncing, fo. 156. 1637. June 15. Williams Geoffrey! of par. of Devynnocke CO. Brecon to Margaret Williams the relict, sworn before Thomas Lewes elk. fo. 86. 1640. July 4. Parry Kobert of Dewlas co. Heref. to Thomas Childe, avunculo " of Catherine, Helene, Jane, Milo, John, and Thomas Parry the children, minors, fo. 136. § 1638-9. March 16. Herbert WatkinU of Creighowell co. Brecon to Charles Herbert elk., the son. fo. 21 b. C.P.C. Admon. 1640. Left 22. Parry Mary of Poston. CO. Heref. widow, to James Parry the son. Sworn before Mr Philimone Blethin, Vicar of Dorston. fo. 1513. b. * Edward Games, of Newton, was son of Sir John Games, of Newton, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Meredith Games. This Edward Games was high sheriff county Brecknock in 1623 ; he married Bridget, daughter of Sir Walter Vaughan, of Fallerstone, Wilts (here mentioned as one of his executors). He left no issue. t Geoffrey Williams. Among the old tablets at Defynnock church is one to Jeffrey Williams, son of Rees Williams, of Blaencrai, who married Margaret, daughter of Hugh Powel, son of William Powel, Esq., of Castle Madoc. Geoffrey Williams died April 20th, 1637. This Geoffrey Williams's father, Rees Williams, was high sheriff county Brecknock 1611. § Blanch Parry in her will, 1589, gives £20 to "John Parrye of Dulas gent," II One of the Crickhowell Herberts. For sketch of the ancestor of the Herberts of Crickhowell — William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke — see Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 218. In Crickhowell church is a large and handsome monument of black and white marble, supporting the weU-executed effigy in alabaster of Sir John Herbert, of Dan-y- Castell, who died May 10th, 1666, and his Lady loan, who died some years afterwards. 167 1641. Nov. 29. Lewis alias Williams Margaret* of the Gare co. Brecknock to Thomas Lewis the Brother, during the minority of Eleanour Williams the daughter, fo. 83 b. 1641-2. Jan. 19. Harbert Eleanor of llanvigan co. Brecon widow, late wife to WilHam David Watkin, to Walter Williams the son. fo. 97. 1640-1. Jan 20. Howell Meredith of Penderin co. Brecon to Gladis verch Ivan the relict, fo. 9 b. C.P.C. Admon. 1562 Nov. 18. Powell Meredith of the Town and County of Brecknocke, to Matilda Powell ahas Morgan, the sister. Procurator, David Morgan, fo. 52. b. 1583. Left 14. Morgan Hugh of Garth progney co. Brecon to Thomas ap Evan of the par' of llandeverthley co. Brecon yeoman, during the minority of Thomas ap Jenkin and Thomas ap John the next of kin. [Renounced and will proved May 1584. Will regd. Watson." fo. 3.] 1631. Oct. 30. Prichard James of Llanbeder co. Brecon, to Catherine P. the relict, sworn before William Price elk. fo. 131 b. 1633. May 4. Raynsford Humphrey of par' of Gwenthor CO. Brecon, to Bodenham Gunter, "nepoti": sworn before Richard Becket elk., Mary Raynsford the relict consenting, fo. 165 b. 1638. Nov. 5. Thomas ap Thomas Powell of Benny Vach CO. Brecon, to James Thomas Powell the brother, fo. 227. 1637. August 22. Powell Williamf of Castle madocke co. * Eleanour Williams. In the time of Hugh Thomas, the Breconshire Herald, who wrote 1698 a MS. " History of Brecon," we learn that the Gare was a residence of considerable dimensions, then occupied by "Madam Elinor Williams, a gentlewoman for her birth, quality, and hospitality, and deeds of charity ; well known and respected through the whole county, being daughter of Henry Williams, Esq., of this place, who was paternally descended from the Right Worshipfull Sir Henry Williams, Knight, of Gwernyvett." There are monuments to several members of the Williams, Gare, family, in the Priory church- yard at Brecon (1767 — 97). t William Powell. Son of Hugh Powel, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Gwyn, of Trecastell. Hugh, son of this William Powel, was high sheriff county Brecknock in 1666; he married Catherine, daughter of Roger Vaughan, of Merthyr Cynog, and died in 1686, leaving issue Charles and George, and two daughters. 168 Brecon, to Nicholas Kemeys avunculo " of Howell, Elizabeth, Margaret, Mary, Bridgett, Ann and Joane Powell, children of the said deceased, to administer during their minority : sworn before Giles Nicholas elk., Ann Powell the relict renouncing and assenting. 1635. Sept. 14. 11 Chas. I Lucie Games of the town and CO. of Brecon widow : To the reparation of the Cathedral Church of St. Davids 2 shillings, reparation of the Havards Chappell, Church of St. John the Evangelist 5 shillings. Mr Meredith Lewis, vicar of Brecon in liewe of my forgotten tythes 12 pence. To Mathew Thomas my nephew, best feather bed and bedding thereunto belonging, with curtaines valiance my best carpett and my best bason and ewer, half a dozen of new cushions, 2 pair of new blankets, my best diaper tablecloth and 1 doz: diaper table napkins, 2 of my best pillow beeres, 2 doz: of my best flaxen napkins, half doz: my best pewter platters, 2 pair best holland sheetes, best brasse pott and best brasse kettle. To the said Mathew Thomas my nephew all that mess: or bargage &cc. in suburbs of town of Brecon in a streete there called Ouldport inferior in as large and ample manner as I have purchased the same of one Jenkin ap Eees feltmaker, to him and his heirs for ever ; my servant Thomas William to occupy the one moyety of the afsd: mess: or ten: rent free for his life. To the said Mathew Thomas my nephew my silver saltseller, best beare bolle of silver and £20, to be paid him by my exor. To Joyce Thomas the wife of my brother Mathew Thomas £5. My nephew John Thomas £30, one feather bed and its furniture in the green chamber, the standing presse in the same chamber, 2 pair new blankets, 3 pair flaxen sheets, 1 new carpet, 1 cupboard cloth, 1 cupboard cushion, 1 bason and ewer now being in the wainscote chamber and 2 trankes, 2 pillows with 2 pillow beeres, 1 doz: and half flaxen table * Was vicar of Brecon from 1633 on the presentation of Sir Henry Williams, Elnight. He died in 1646. He came from Maesmynis, where he had property. 169 napkins, half doz: pewter platters, 1 brasse pott, 1 brasse kettle. To my brother Morrice Thomas £5 and so much cloth as will make him a suit of clothes out of piece of new cloth which I have in the howse. To Katherine the wife of my brother Moris Thomas 8 yards new cloth now remaining in my howse. To Richard Thomas the son of my brother Moris T. £5, Martha daur. of said brother £5, and to Johan Thomas my neece £5. To John Rickards gent. £5. To my brother-in-law William Shermond 40 shillings for ring for a remembrance of me. To my nephew Mathew William £5. My maid servant Mary Morgan £5, the feather bed with the rug, 2 pair blankets, 2 pair sheets with all other furniture belonging to same bed in the middle chamber &c. &c. To my godson Michael Cherchey * £5 and 20 shillings to Christopher Cherchey the second son of Walter Cherchey and also to Walter Cherchey 40 shillings for a remembrance and to Mary Cherchey for the same my best ring. To Thomas William my servant £3 and 5 yards of cloth &CC. To Mary Gwyn my new petticoate with 3 velvet laces about it, my best wastcoat of the same cloth and 20 shillings in money. To my maid-servant Mauld 20 shillings and to Mary Gwyn one of my best ruffe bands, 2 coyfes, 2 cross clothes, and 2 neck clothes, and my best hatt. To Mistres Barbary Lloyd 20 shillings. To my nephew Mathew Thomas 1 truncke &cc. To my cozen John Thomas 6 new cushions of green coullor. 40 shilings among the poor of the town of Brecon according to the discretion of Mr Daniel Winter, Mr Thomas BuUcott, Mr William Watkins and Hugh Meredith. To my godson Harry son of Harry James 5 shillings. To poor of parish of Lidbary North 20 shillings. Poor of Bishops Castle 20 shillings at the discretion of my brother Mathew Thomas. Said brother Mathew Thomas to be executor. Signed Lucie * Elected common council-man in 1669 ; was bailiff in 1670 and 1675 alderman, 1671—1676. Died in 1700. (See monumental slab in Priory Church, Brecon). 170 Games. Witness, Daniel Winter,* Thomas Bulcott,f William Watkins,! Hu. Meredith § scrivener. Codicil, Sept. 25. 1635. To sister-in-law Joyce Thomas best gown, best petticoat, best kirtle. To mayd Mary best riding suite, cloake and safe guard and hoode. To Hugh Phillip Morgan's wife my kersie gowne. John William's wife the Millnor my old clothe gowne, 1 smocke, 1 apron, 1 pair stockins, 1 neck cloth, 1 coyfe, 1 cross cloth, 1 band, 1 apron. To Alice wife of Thomas Williams the same. To the wife of Owen Taylor 1 red petticoate &CC. Joan wife of Walter Persons || 1 black stuff gowne, 1 kirtle. To Joane Thomas my niece 1 petticoate of red cotton. To Mistress Mary Gwynne best pair of shoes and stockings. Servant Mawde 1 apron &cc. Lucie my man Thomas Williams' daughter black stuff gown. This Codicil declared Sept. 27, 1635. Witness Thomas Bullcott, William Bevans, and Mathew Thomas junior. Proved Nov. 24, 1635, by Mathew Thomas the executor. [C.P.C. " Sadler " fo. 112] . C.P.C. Admon. 1646. Nov. 20. Lewis Edward of Lon- gatocke co. Brecknocke to Edward Lewis exor. named in will pendente lite between Henry Edwards and Catharine Morgan nepti ex filia " of the deceased. The last will and testament of Ellnere Games as George Woodcock can justifie, being last of May 1636. I give to my goddaughter Ellinor Games all that ever I have, except to * Daniel Wynter was bailiff of Brecon in 1634, and the Wynters filled that office in 1558, 1589, 1602, 1613, 1694, 1702, 1717, 1720. t See series of articles by Edwin Poole, in " Old Brecknock Chips" (1887-8) on " Old Burgesses of Brecon." This Thomas Boulcott was a man of consideration in his day ; was High Sheriff co. Brecknock in 1628 ; bailiff of Brecon in 1613, 1619, 1633; he married Ann, daughter of the Rev. Lewis Morgan, M.A., Vicar of Brecknock. X Another respectable tradesman ; was bailiff in 1621, 1639, 1642, 1644. § Bailiff in 1636 and 1641. II The following inscription is in the Priory Church : " Here lyeth the body " of Richard Jones, of Aberllyfni, gent., who married Joyce, the '* dau. of Harry Parsons, of ye sd towne. He died 1679." 171 bring mee to my grave. The mark of Ellinor Games. Witness Thomasine Turrill, the mark of Ellis Raye. May 29. 1637. Commission issued to Thomas Games, father of Eleanor Games a minor chief legatee named in will &c., no executor having been named, sworn before John Griffith * and Evan Bowen clerks. [C.P.C. Goare " fo. 80] . May 29. 1637. Commission issued to Thomas Games, father of Elianore Games a minor, chief legatee in will of Elianore Games, late of Aberbrane co. Brecon spinster deceased, diocese of St. Davids. [Probate Ac't Book, under datej . A.S.M. To be continued. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY mSTORIES RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH. [Continued from Page 145.] BRECONSHIRE . . .Pryse's Handbook to the Breconshire and Radnorshire Mineral Springs, with notes and excerpts illustra- ing the history, antiquities, and topography of many of the surrounding Towns and Villages, by Rev. James Rhys Jones, formerly of Kilsby, R. Richardson, Esq., L.F.P.S.G. : Fellow of the Obstetrical Society of London, etc., and John Pryse, com- piler of "The Cambrian Book Register," "Breezes from the Welsh Mountains," "The Welsh Interpreter," etc. Demy 16mo. 148 pp. Published by John Pryse, Llanidloes, Montgomery. Sold in London by E. Jones, 124, Aldersgate street ; Llandovery : D. J. Roderick ; Builth : T. Francis ; and all Booksellers, n.d. BRECKNOCKSHIRE. ..The Illustrated History and Bio- graphy of Brecknockshire, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Containing the general history, antiquities, sepulchral monuments and inscriptions, with the history of the principal families, institutions, and societies of the county, together with the parochial history of all the parishes in the said county, to * Vicar of Llanspyddid from 1630 to 1663. 172 which is added a biographical ^^ecord of emiDent inhabitants, history of the borough and county parhamentary representatives, with a roll of High Sheriffs to the present time, Mayors of Brecknock, and many useful tables of county information. Illustrated by several engravings and portraits. By Edwin Poole. Demy 4to. xxiii.-495 pp. Prmted and published by the Author. Brecknock. 1886. BUILTH... Guide to Builth Wells and its Vicinity, by Eev. D. P. Davies. Crown 8vo. 1867. CAEELEON... Delineation of Eoman Antiquities found at Caerleon (the ancient Isca Silurum) and the Neighbourhood, by John Edward Lee. ix.-54 pp. Imperial 4to. Numerous plates. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Eow, London. 1845. See Historical Facts and Traditions relating to Newport, etc. Demy 12mo. 1880 — 5. CAEEPHILLY ..Clarke's Description and History of Caer- philly Castle. Demy 8vo. Plans. 1850. See Clarke's History of the Welsh Castles : Kid- welly, Caerphilly, Coch. 8vo. Plates. 1852. CAEEWENT...Octavius Morgan's On the Excavations of Caerwent. Imperial 8vo. Plates. Newport. 1856. CALDICOT CASTLE... Octavius Morgan's Notes on the Architecture and History of Caldicot Castle, Monmouthshire. Imperial 8vo. Plates. Privately printed. Newport, 1854. CAEDIFF...A Complete Directory and Guide to the Town and Castle of Cardiff, the surrounding Towns, Villages, Gentle- men's Seats, and Eemarkable Places. Demy 12mo. 24 pp. Cardiff. 1796. As far as I can learn, this is the first published history of Cardiff. Cardiff Castle. A Poem, with explanatory re- marks and Historical Extracts. By Taliesin Williams. Demy 8vo. Merthyr Tydvil. 1827. Guide and Directory of Cardiff. 8vo. Illustrated. 1829. Nautical Observations on the Port and Maritime Vicinity of Cardiff, and some remarks on the Commerce of Glamorganshire, by Capt. W. H. Smyth. Demy 8vo. Plan. Cardiff. 1840. Cardiff and its Neighbourhood, containing an account of every object worthy the attention of visitors, including the history of the magnificent ruin of Caerphilly Castle, Crom- 173 leclis, and Roman Encampments, together with a description of Llandaff Cathedral, etc. Demy 18mo. 84 pp. Plates. J. H. Clark, St. Mary street, Cardiff. Written by J. H. Clark, and published in 1853. A History of the Town and Castle of Cardiff, and a descriptive accomit of the churches, chapels, public buildings, and institutions, Bute docks, Glamerganshire Canals, Taff Vale Railway, etc.. etc., with numerous statistics connected with the town and its trade, by William Lemuel Jenkins. " Mark well y her bulwarks, set up her houses, that he may tell them that *' come after." — Psalms xlviii.-12. Demy Bvo. 90 i^p. Charles Wakeford, Bute street, Cardiff. 1854. See J. C. Parkinson's Newport and Cardiff as Shipping Ports. 8vo. 1878. The Tourists' Guide to Cardiff and its Neighbour- hood, by W. Ward. Crown 8vo. iv.-lOO pp. Photographs. Printed and published by H. Allen, Bute street, Cardiff. 1870. An Historical and Descriptive Guide to Cardiff and its Environs : a Handbook for Travellers and Tourists. By Leopold Charles Martin, late of H.M. Civil Service. Crown 8vo. X.-56 pp. William Lewis, Printer and Publisher, Duke street, Cardiff. 1878. Dobbin's Tourist Guide to Cardiff and interesting portions of Glamorgan. By W. Ward. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 87 pp. Engravings. Pubhshed by Edward Dobbin, 1, St. Mary street, Cardiff. 1878. The Illustrated Guide to Cardiff. Small 8vo. 122 pp. Cardiff. 1882. The Port of Cardiff : its development. Crown 8vo. 22 pp. Revised by John Davies Lewis and Co., Bute Dock Chambers, Cardiff. 1883. Half of the work is devoted to a historical sketch of early Cardiff, The Cardiff Tide Tables and Almanac, containing a History of the Borough of Cardiff. Small 8vo. Cardiff. 1883. CARDIGANSHIRE... History and Antiquities of the County of Cardigan, collected from the remaining documents which have escaped the ravages of time, as well as from actual observation, by Samuel R. Meyrick. Demy 4to. Numerous plates. 1808. History of Cardiganshire, Towns, and Antiquities, by J. Rees. Plates. 1810. See John Rowlands' Glamorgan, etc. 1866. 174 List of the Sheriffs of Cardiganshire from 1539 to 1868, with Genealogical and Historical Notes, by J. Koland Phillips. Demy 8vo. Carmarthen. 1868. CAKMAKTHEN... Charter for the Borough of Carmarthen. Demy 8vo. 44 pp. Printed by J. Eoss, Carmarthen. 1765. Of this valuable work very few copies were printed. According to the subscription list only 58 copies wers subscribed for. See J. Eees' History of the Counties of Brecknock and Carmarthen. 1810. Calendar of all the High Sheriffs for the County of Carmarthen, and of all the Mayors, Bailiffs, and Sheriffs of the County of Carmarthen from 1400 to 1818, and a list of the present Burgesses. Demy 8vo. Carmarthen. 1818. Carmarthen and its Neighbourhood, Notes Topo- graphical and Historical, by William Spurrell. Demy 12mo. viii.-105 pp. 4 plates, etc, William Spurrell, Carmarthen. 1860. See John Eowlands' Glamorgan, etc. 1866. Eoyal Charters and Historical Documents relating to Carmarthen, by J. E. D. Tyssen. Demy 8vo. 1878. Carmarthen and its Neighbourhood, Notes Topo- graphical and Historical, by William Spurrell. Second Edition. Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. Carmarthen. 1879. CAENAE VON... Caernarvonshire ; a Sketch of its History, Antiquities, Mountains, and Productions, intended as a pocket companion to those who make the tour of that county. 8vo. 1792. Said to be written by the Rev. N. Owen. A List of the names of the High Sheriffs for the County of Caernarvon, from the first appointment of them for North Wales, by King Henry VIII., in 1540. See Cambrian Eegister, vol. ii., pp. 286. A Short Account of Caernarvon and Bedd-Kill- Hart ; or Beddgelart, etc. Foolscap 8vo. 72 pp. Printed by T. Eoberts, Caernarvon. 1806. J. Evans' History of the Counties of Carnarvon and Denbigh. Demy 8vo. Plates. 1810. History and Antiquities of the County of Caer- narvon, by Eev. P. W. Williams. 8vo. Caernarvon. 1821. See H. L. Jones' Snowdonian Mountains. 1829. A Sketch of some parts of the County of Carnarvon, by M. L. L. Foolscap 8vo. 84 pp. Venedocian Press. Printed for the author by J; Jones. Llanrwst. 1829. 175 A Sketch of the History of Carnarvon Castle, by James Hews Bransby. Crown 8vo. vii.-70 pp. Plate. Sold by Poole and Harding, Carnarvon, and by W. Shone, Bangor. 1829. The Tourists' Guide through the County of Caernarvon, containing a short sketch of its History and Antiqui- ties, etc., by the Eev. P. B. Wilhams, A.B., Rector of Llanrug and Llanberies. Demy 8vo. 212 pp. Plate. Printed and published by L. E. Jones, Caernarvon. 1832. Records of Caernarvon, with Introduction by Sir H. Ellis, and Indices. Foho. Privately printed. 1838. Very few copies of this work were printed. Description of Carnarvon, by J. H. Bransby. Demy 12mo. Plates. Carnarvon. 1845. History of Carnarvon Castle, and the Antiquities of Carnarvon, by W. Pritchard. Demy 12mo. Plates. 1847. Another edition was also published in 1850. History of Carnarvon Castle. By Sir Llywellyn Turner. See Breese's Calendar of Gwynedd, Anglesea, etc. 1873. Abel Hey wood's Guide to Carnarvon and Llan- berris. 12mo. Manchester, n.d, History of Carnarvon Castle, its Ancient Grandeur, Picturesque Ruins, by Hartshorne. 8vo. Plates, n.d. Account of Dolgelley, and Carnarvon, by R. Jones. Bvo. Dolgelley. n.d. History of Caernarvon Castle and Town : with excursions to the most romantic spots in the surrounding neigh- bourhood, embracing the principal objects of interest, topo- graphical, archaeological, and historical, by David William Pughe. Crown 8vo. 65 pp. Plates. Printed and published by Hugh Humphreys, Bookseller, Stationer, and Printseller to the Queen, Castle Square, Caernarvon, n.d. Many editions of this little work were published, and always without any date. If a book is worth publishing, it should have a date on its title page. Old Karnarvon. A Historical Account of the Town of Caernarvon ; with notices of the parish churches of Llanbeblig and Llanfaglan, by W. H. Jones. Demy 18mo. 186 pp. Plates and map. Published and printed by H. Humphreys, Castle Square, Caernarvon, n.d. This excellent history was published in or about 1SS3. 176 CAEON...Some Account of the Parish of Caron, situate in the upper part of the county of Cardigan. See Cambrian Eegister, vol. ii., pp. 386. CHEPSTOW... Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the ancient and present state of the Town and Castle of Chepstow ; including the pleasurable regions of Persfield, and a variety of other particulars, deserving the strangers notice, round that neighbourhood, collected from original papers and unquestionable authorities, the whole never before published, by Charles Heath, Monmouth. Demy 8vo. Printed and sold by him, in the Market-place : sold also at all the Towns in the County. 1808. Very many editions of this work were published ; the same can also be said of all the other works written and published by Heath. The original edition was published in 1801 — this 1808 copy is the fifth edition, and was also re-published in 1813 and 1822. A Guide to the Town and Neighbourhood of Chepstow, the beauties of Piercefield, the grand scenery of the Windcliff, the celebrated ruin of Tintern Abbey, etc., etc. The Third Edition, with various alterations and additions. Demy 12mo. 100 pp. Plate. Chepstow : Printed and sold by J. Clark, Bridge street ; and may be had of the Booksellers in Bristol, Monmouth, Boss, etc. 1830. The Strangers' Illustrated Guide to Chep- stow and its Neighbourhood ; with copious notices of Tintern Abbey, Wyndcliff, and the districts of Chepstow, Caldicot, Ehaglan, Monmouth, Goodrich, and Boss. Crown 8vo. 52 pp. Plates. J. Newman, 30, Bridge Bow, London. Price 2s. 6d. 1843. A later edition was published in 1845. J. F. Marsh's Annals of Chepstow Castle, edited - by Sir John Maclean. 4to. Woodcuts of Arms. Privately printed. Exeter. 1883. CHIBK CASTLE... Memoirs of Chirk Castle in the Olden Time, from original MS. 8vo. Chester. 1859. CILGEBBAN.,.The History of Cilgerran : comprising a detailed account of the castle, church, mansions, old families, men of note, tin-plate works, slate quarries, salmon fishery, etc. ; including the Topography of the Parish, with copies of Charter and other MSS., by John Bowland Phillips ( Ab Geraint). Demy Bvo. XV. -264 pp. Photographs. J. Bussell Smith, 36, Soho Square, London. 1867. This excellent local history won the prize offered by the Cardigan Eisteddfod of 1866. CILGETTY...See Mary Curtis' Antiquities of Laugharne. 1880. 177 COCH CASTLE... Clarke's History of the Welsh Castles, Kidwelly, Caerphilly, Coch. 8vo. Plates. 1852. Drune's Gossiping Companion to Coch Castle. Small 4to. Plates. Cardiff. 1840. CON WAY... Conway Castle: a Poem, to which are added verses to the memory of the late Earl of Chatham ; and the Moon, a simile for the fashionable world, by James White, Esq. Demy 4to. 20 pp. Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall Mall. London. 1789. See Williams's Aberconway. 1835. Trip to Conway, and five days in Wales. 8vo. 1837. The Tourists' Guide to the Antiquities of Conway Castle, Town, and Neighbourhood, with descriptive notices of the Tubular and Suspension Bridges, etc., etc., by James Bayne. Crown 8vo. 129 pp. Plates. William Bridge, Bookseller and Stationer, Conway, n.d. Bridge's Conway and its Lions." 8vo. Plate and map. Conway. 1848. Abel Heywood's Guide to Conway and Penmaen- mawr. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. Pughe's History of Conway Castle and its Environs. 12mo. Carnarvon, n.d. See Hicklin's Guide to Llandudno, Chester. 1862. See E. Parry's Hand-book to Llandudno. 1855. See Thomas Jackson's Llandudno. 1861. COR WEN... Abel Heywood's Guide to Llangollen and Corwen. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. CLYNNOG F AWE... Observations on the Antiquities of the Parish of Clynnog Fawr. Small 8vo. By David William Pughe. CWMHIE ABBEY... Historical and Descriptive Account of the Euinated Abbey of Cwmhir, Eadnorshire, by W. J. Eees. 8vo. Plate. 1850. DENBIGH... Evans' History of the Counties of Caernarvon and Denbigh. 8vo. Plates. 1810. An Account of the Castle and Town of Denbigh. Demy 8vo. 128 pp. Map, fac-simile of Speeds, 1596. Printed at the Clwydian Press, by Thomas Gee. Denbigh. 1829. Written by Richard Newcome. 178 Ancient and Modem Denbigh : A Descriptive History of the Castle, Borough, and Liberties, with sketches of the Hves, character, and exploits of the feudal lords and military governors of the fortress, to its final seige and reduction ; notices of ancient local families and eminent natives, municipal officers and corporate records, ancient guilds, military and ecclesiastical remains, etc., etc., etc., by John Williams. Demy Bvo. ii. 362 pp. Plates. Printed and published by J. Williams, Vale street, Denbigh. 1856. See William Davies's Hand-book of the Vale of Clwyd. 1856. The Mediaeval History of Denbighshire. The Eecords of Denbigh and its Lordship : bearing upon the general history of the county of Denbigh since the conquest of Wales ; illustrated with many gems of Welsh Mediaeval Poetry, never before published, by John Williams (Glanmor). Vol. I. Demy Bvo. xii.-231 pp. Portrait and plate of arms. Printed and published by George Bayley, Hope street, Wrexham. 1860. The author intended publishing three volumes, but for want of support the above was the only volume published. The Town of Denbigh and Denbigh Castle, their ancient history, by John Williams, author of " Ancient and Modern Denbigh." Demy Bvo. 108 pp. Published by Thomas Gee, Denbigh. 1860. DEVIL'S BEIDGE...See Aberystwyth Guide. DINAS BEAN CASTLE... See Account of Valle Crucis Abbey. DOLBADAEN CASTLE... Owen's History of Dolbadarn Castle, Llanberris, from its foundation. Plate. 12mo. DOLGELLEY... Account of the Old Parliament House, Dolgelley. Plates, Small folio. Abel Heywood's Guide to Dolgelley. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. E. Jones' Account of Dolgelley and Carnarvon. Bvo. Dolgelley. n.d. EWENNY ABBEY... See Eed Dragon, vol. iv., pp. 191, for history of this Abbey. FISHGUAED...A Statistical Account of the Parish of Fish- guard. See Cambrian Eegister, vol. i., pp. 240. FLINTSHIEE...J. Evans' Topographical Description of Flintshire. Demy Bvo. Plates. 1810. See J. Poole's Holywell, etc. 1831. 179 Historical Eesearclies on the Flintshire Castles, in which their antiquity, varied changes, and present state are elucidated, by Edward Parry. 8vo. Chester. 1830. This was originally published in * ' The Gwyneddion ; or an Account of the Royal Denbigh Eisteddfod." Chester. 1830. This essay was one of the unsuccessful competitions of the Denbigh Eisteddfod of 1828. The winner of the prize being Miss Angharad Llwyd, who purposed issuing same in pamphlet form. An Essay, containing an Historical Account of the Flintshire Castles, by the late Hamilton Maxwell. See Cymmrodorion Transactions, vol. ii. 1843. pp. 321. Another essay that failed to obtain the prize given by the Denbigh Eisteddfod of 1828. FLINT... Historic Notices, with Topographical and other Gleanings Descriptive of the Borough and County- town of Flint. By Henry Taylor, town clerk, clerk to the Borough Magistrates, and Deputy Constable of Flint Castle. Demy 8vo. xv.-256 pp. With illustrations by Miss Louise Eayner, Mr Randolph Caldecott, and others. Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Bow, E.G. London. 1883. GARTH BEIBIC.See Cambrian Register, vol. ii., pp. 366. GLAMORGAN... See Manby's Guide through Monmouth. 1802. T. Rees' History of the Counties of Glamorgan, Pembroke, and Radnor. 8vo. Plates. 1810. List of the Knights of the Shire, for the County of Glamorgan, and of the Members for the Boroughs, from 33rd Henry VHI. Demy 18mo. 20 pp. Printed for William Bird. Cardiff. 1822. Judging from my copy, I should say the author of this little work to be the Rev. John M. Traheame. Glamorganshire Antiquities, by Rice Merrick. 1578. First published and privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps. FoHo. 1825. A Booke of Glamorganshire Antiquities. By Rice Merrick, Esq. 1578. Edited by James Andrew Corbett. Dryden Press : J. Davy and Sons, 137, Long Acre, London. 1887. The Castles of the Lordship of Glamorgan, by Jestin Homfray. Oblong Foho. Plates. 1828. The Doom of Colyn Dolphin. A Poem. With Notes, illustrative of various traditions of Glamorganshire. By Tahesin Williams. 8vo. 1837. See Smyth's Nautical Observations of Cardiff. 1840. 180 Glamorganshire Pedigrees ; from the MSS. of Sir Isaac Heard, Knt., Garter King of Arms. Edited by Sir Thomas PhilHpps. Foho. viii.-52 pp. Worcester. 1845. See Ward's Guide to Cardiff. 1878. See D. L. Isaac's History of Gwent. 1859. Historical Notes of the Counties of Glamorgan, Carmarthen, and Cardigan, and a List of Members of Parliament for South Wales from Henry VIII. to Charles II. 8vo. 1866. Historical Account of the Castles of Glamorgan and Monmouth, by John Dorney Harding. See Cymmrodorion Transactions. Vol. II. 1843. pp. 262. The History and Antiquities of Glamorganshire and its Families. With numerous illustrations on wood from photographs, of castles, abbeys, mansions, seals, tombs, arms, etc., by Thomas Nicholas, author of " Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales." Royal 8vo. V.-194 pp. Longman, Green, and Co., Paternoster Eow, London. 1874. The Land of Morgan ; being a contribution towards the History of the Lordship of Glamorgan, by George T. Clark. Demy 8vo. 166 pp. Whiting and Co., Limited, 30, 32, Sardinia street, Lincolns Inn Fields, London. 1883; Reprinted witli additions and alterations from the Journal of the Archaeological Institute. See Clarke's Merthyr Tydvil. 1848. GLASBURY... Notes on the Parochial History of the Parish of Glasbury, Brecknockshire, by Miss Jane Williams. 8vo. Privately printed. Originally published in the Archeeologia Cambrensis. GOODRICH. . . See Heath's Account of Ross. 4to. 1799. GNOLL COLLEGE... Description of Gnoll College, Vale of Neath. 12mo. Plates. 1857. GOWER... A Week's Walk in Gower. Demy 18mo. 48 pp. Tenby : R. Mason, High street. London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, n.d. Written by Gr. P. B, Whoever he was, he might have given the balance of his name. Notes on the Architectural Antiquities of the District of Gower, in Glamorganshire, by Edward A. Freeman. Demy 8vo. Plate. R. Mason, Tenby. 1850. See Tourist Companion to Swansea. 1871. 181 History of West Gower, Glamorganshire, by J. D. Davies. 8vo. 3 vols. Swansea. 1877 — 85. The Caves and Castles of Gower, by C. H. Perkins. See Ked Dragon, vol. 5, pp. 309. GKEAT OEME'S HE AD... Archeology of the Great Orme's Head, Llandudno, by J. Smith. 12mo. Llandudno. 1875. GEESFOKD V ALE... Gresford Vale and other Poem^, by M. Holford, author of ''Fanny and Selina." Demy 4to. 44 pp. Vignette. Printed for Hookham and Carpenter, 14, Old Bond street, London. 1798. GWENT... Legends of Gwent in Verse, by C. H. W. 12mo. Illustrations. Newport. 1857. Siluriana ; or Contributions towards the History of Gwent and Glamorgan, by D. L. Isaac. Small 8vo. Newport. 1859. HAFOD...An attempt to describe Hafod : and the neigh- bouring scenes about the bridge over the Funack, commonly called the Devil's Bridge, in the county of Cardigan, an ancient seat belonging to Thomas Johnes, Esq., member for the County of Eadnor, by George Cumberland. Crown 8vo. viii.-50 pp. Printed by W. Wilson, St. Peter's Hill, Deacon's Common, and sold by T. Egerton, Whitehall, London. 1796. A Tour to Hafod, in Cardiganshire, the seat of Thomas Johnes, Esq., M.P., by James Edward Smith. Folio. 23 pp. 15 engravings. Printed by T. Bensley, Bolt Court, for White and Co., Horace's Head, Fleet street, London. 1810. The large paper copy of this work (size of page 27 by 19 inches) is without doubt one of the handsomest illustrated works on Wales published ; the plates are all hand -coloured. HANMEE... Notes and Papers to serve for a memorial of the Parish of Hanmer, in Flintshire. Collected by Sir John Hanmer, Bart., at Bettisfield, 1871-2. 4to. Plates. 1872. HAELECH...Abel Heywood's Guide to Barmouth and Harlech. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. History of Harlech Castle and its Environs, by David William Pughe. 12mo. Plates. Printed and published by Hugh Humphreys, Carnarvon, n.d. To he continued. Henry Blackwell. New York. 182 WELSH NOTES. QUERIES. GENEEAL WILLIAMS, OF KAES.— I have heard it stated that the Hero of Ears was born in Brecknockshire. Can any reader of " Old Welsh Chips " verify this statement and name the parish ? S.W.B. REPLIES, LLANDDEW. — In a note in the February number of this pubhcation, the Eev. J. B. Jones resuscitates an old philological question which has already been very fully discussed, and as I thought, by this time, set at rest, namely, the true derivation of Llanddew, or as he writes it (^upon what authority he does not say), Llandew, the Church of God. It would occupy too much of the space allotted to Welsh Notes in this periodical, and would probably not be of sufficient interest to the general reader, for me to enter fully into the discussion of this question here. Any one interested in the matter will find in the correspondence which appeared in the columns of the Archaologia Cambrensis for 1874, between a writer signing himself Cereticus" and myself, a fair and I think a sufficiently full discussion of the subject. What the Eev. J. B. Jones says of the old form Dew, for Duw, and the lines he has quoted from ''Adda Fras," prove nothing beyond the existence of such a form. That the correct ortho- graphy of the name of this Church is Llan-dew is quite another matter, and requires for proof something more than a bare assumption. There are other forms for Duw used by the old Welsh poets such as Dwyf and Dwy, and Mr. Jones might with equal force assume that Llanddew was derived from Llanddwyf or Llanddwy. But this would be simply gratuitous. In truth no reliance can be placed on the old Welsh poets for the decision of a disputed point in orthography. Their licences are proverbial. The following lines from a poem in the work of Lewis Glyn 183 Cotlii, edited by Gwallter Mechain and Tegid, will sufficiently show this : — * * Llewod Morgant blant un bliaid, Ger bron gwyr yw Bar-wncaid, A Llew henddoeth gwir Llandduw, Yw'r Barwn doeth ger bron Duw. Here the poet calls the Church of St. David's, Brecon, Llandduw, a church respecting whose dedication to St. David there is no question ; and in a note at the foot of the page the editors (no mean authorities) make the following remark : — ** Llanvaes, or St. David's, a church and parish adjoining " the town of Brecon. It is also called Llandduw, corrup- tion of Llanddew, and both from lAsm-ddeivi.'" There can be little doubt, I think, that Llanddew is simply an abbreviation of Llanddew(i), the church of St. David. In a statute book of St. David's an entry is made, dated so far back as the 10th of March, 1379, in the time of Bishop Houghton, mentioning among the possessions of the prelates of the See : — " Manerium exile de Braan tautum pro agricultura et manerium " de Llandewy in partibus Brecon." Here, in the fourteenth century, the church is called authoritatively Llandewy — the church of St. David's. What more natural than that the church which stands within a hundred yards of the ancient palace of the bishops of St. David, should be dedicated to the Patron Saint ; and what more strained and improbable than the assumption that it is dedicated to the first person in the Holy Trinity, especially as we have no instance of such a dedication, not only in this kingdom, but, as far as I am aware, in Christendom. J. Lane Davie s. BIBLIOGRAPHY. QUERIES. A COMPLETE BIBLIOGEAPHY OF WALES.— Is it impossible to collect a complete EngHsh- Bibliography of Wales ? An American gentleman is now setting us the example in the 184 pages of your able and valuable magazine by contributing an English list of all Historical Works relating to Wales. Could not Rowlands' List of Welsh Books be translated piece-meal, and be continued to the present day ? Or, at all events, it is quite feasible to produce a list of all Welsh literature published since 1800 to 1888, which is a century all but 12 years. Rowlands' Work stops short at the year 1799. Really the revival of Welsh letters belongs to the 19th century. Who will help ? What a glorious opportunity for some half-dozen young and enthusiastic Welsh Nationalists to take up a work that will live, and that will confer benefit and pleasure upon untold generations. GWARALDEG. [We shall be glad to receive contributions for such a list. Mr. Blackwell has truly set Welsh literateurs at home a noble example. Let all titles be faithfully translated and set out on Mr. Blackwell's model. The way to commence would be to collect in every important Welsh town the titles of all books printed in that town from the year 1800. — Ed. O.W.C.] REPLIES. THE MABINOGION (pp. 73— 149).— There is no doubt your correspondent, Mr. Henry Blackwell, is quite correct in his correction of a mis-statement by me on the above. What I sent was the description from the British Museum Catalogue, but I was misled as to Mr. Sidney Lanier's ccnnection with the Boys' Edition, by all the works being classed under Lady Charlotte Guest's name, and I, thinking that the Introduction only was by him, excised it out of my former note, — a conclusion even a reader of Mr. Blackwell's paragraph might easily arrive at. There is also no doubt that the English Edition, except the title- page, which appears to be not the same type exactly as the American, was printed in America, as they are identical in every respect, — 8vo, xx,-pp. 361 — though the English is given the precedence in the catalogue, as I set it down. Silurian. London. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : June 30th, 1888. Ko. 6. THE REVEREND JAMES OWEN. The following biographical sketch of the above was printed in the Salopian Magazine in the early part of the present century. The writer of it stated that "It is almost an universal custom ** to regard the dead with attention, to consider minutely their characters, and to record, if interesting, their excellencies and defects ; " esteem or prejudice he admitted had in too many instances guided the pen, in contradiction to facts." But, happily, the virtuous deeds of many excellent persons have been faithfully transmitted to posterity, and thereby the instruction of mankind, which should be the great end of biography, has been secured, and the present memoir will, it is hoped, promote in some degree the same important object, for while it tends to gratify a curiosity excited by local circumstances it can hardly fail to impress the mind and kindle laudable emulation. The Kev. James Owen was born November 1st, 1654, at Bryn,''' near Carmarthen. His parents were persons of good repute, but his father being a steady Eoyalist they suffered much during the civil wars. He was placed under the care of Mr. Picton, a Quaker who instructed youth in Carmarthen Castle ; and afterwards of Mr. Phillips, master of the Free School in the same town. While there he studied accurately the elements of literature, and a very short time only had elapsed before he was distinguished for * The birthplace of James Howell. (See his Familiar Letters, V. L, Ep. 7, 5, 4.) 186 uncommon industry and attainments. The field of science pre- sented a delightful scene on which he expatiated with pleasure, and in order to satisfy the more copiously his thirst for knowledge he neglected the usual recreations of youth, and spent in close study those hours which commonly are devoted to amusement. It was when at school that his mind was divinely impressed with the importance of scriptural truth, and from that period his course was adorned, as might be expected, by the graces of Christianity. His inclinations led him to choose the ministry as the occupation of life, and in that desire his generous father, though surrounded by a large family and limited in his pecuniary resources, readily acquiesced, for he discovered in his son at that period a clearness of perception, a solidity of judgment, and a fondness for books, which being connected with seriousness of disposition, presaged considerable usefulness in the sacred office. When his classical studies were completed he went up for instruction in academical learning to Brynllywarch, in Glamor- ganshire, the residence of the Kev. Samuel Jones, under whose learned directions he obtained a competent acquaintance with philosophy, as with theological and other knowledge. After he left Brynllywarch he spent several months with his godfather, the Kev. James Howell, a clergyman, and nephew to the author of Familial' Letters. It was while resident with him that he studied with great attention the controversy then so warmly agitated about Conformity, and owing to some conscien- tious scruples expressed a design to exercise his ministry among Protestant Dissenters. Many arguments were urged by his parents (who were inviolably attached to the Established Church), by Mr. Howell, and by other valuable friends, in favour of Conformity. The Dissenters, he knew, were not only despised but surrounded by numerous and powerful opponents, and that by espousing their cause he could only expect disgrace and poverty. But the objections he entertained being of a nature 187 not to be affected by pecuniary considerations, and all arguments failing to convince bis judgment, be entered among tbem, after mature deliberation, upon ministerial labours. At Swansea, as assistant to tlie Eev. Stepben Huglies, be commenced bis professional career, but was speedily so liarassed for Nonconformity as to be obliged to seek an asylum, wbicb for a season be found at Bodwell, in Carnarvonsbire. Wbile dis- engaged from public work be usually studied sixteen liours daily. In tbe year 1676 be was invited to Sweeney, near Oswestry, wbere, after preacbing some time wdtb encouraging acceptance, he was ordained. After tbat event be attempted witb increased ardour to spread divine knowledge, in consequence of which persecuting zeal attacked him with renewed violence. He was apprehended for preaching, and committed, with many of his hearers, to Caerwys gaol. The imprisonment, owing to particular circumstances, was deemed illegal, and he was advised to seek redress ; on hearing which the magistrate who signed his mittimus was so much alarmed as to order his immediate discbarge. But no arguments could induce Mr. Owen to improve this advantage against his adversary ; he preferred a humble reference of bis cause to the Supreme Avenger of wrongs. When, however, his love of peace was discovered by the magistrate, he ungratefully fined him and his fellow-prisoners, and the sum not being paid their houses were plundered and their goods seized and sold. His patience and humility, with a constellation of heavenly graces, shone during the melancholy gloom with peculiar lustre. Tba brilliancy of tlie stars is best seen when the night is dark. From Sweeney he removed in the year 1679 to Oswestry. In this place he continued many years, enduring much afflictive persecution, and laboriously preaching, statedly, with little encouragement, to a slender congregation. He diligently endeavoured to diffuse through tbe dark corners of Wales the cheering light of religion ; but this work of love exposed him to 188 fierce opposition, and in many instances he fulfilled his duty at the hazard of his life. Who can help lamenting the evils of intolerance and bigotry ? Where is the ingenuous mind that is not afflicted by a contemplation of the persecuted among any religious denomina- tion, especially where their sufferings originate, as in Mr. Owen's case, in a difference of opinion as to the circumstantials of religion ? It was well said, and it deserves to be remembered, by the late noble Earl Mansfield — *' There is nothing more unreasonable, more inconsistent with the rights of human '* nature, more contrary to the spirit and precepts of the Christian religion, more iniquitous and unjust, more impolitic, " than persecution. It is against natural religion, revealed " religion, and sound policy."* As Britons we may rejoice that our favoured country is delivered from this prodigious evil. Mildness, justice, and toleration have ascended the throne. There may they reign for ever ! Mr. Owen's settlement at Oswestry introduced him to the acquaintance of that great and good man, the Eev. Phillip Henry, of Broad Oak, near Whitchurch. By him he was early noticed, admitted to particular intimacy, and confirmed in those principles of moderation and candour for which the Henry family were so eminent. His learning, piety, and exertions tended to spread his reputation. He became very popular. His counsel was sought, and his judgment on difficult points much valued. He was noticed by some of the principal families in the county, and when he was properly known his society, always instructive and pleasing, was much prized. This was the case particularly as to the ancient and honourable house of Boreatton, near Shrews- bury. It may not be uninteresting to the reader to introduce in * Lord Mansfield's speech in the House of Lords in the case of Chamberlain -of London against Allen Evans, Esq. (See the appendix to Furneaux Letters, p. 279.) 189 this place the dedication which was prefaced to Mr. Owen's Life (now become scarce, and from which the facts of the present memoir are chiefly taken) by his brother, Dr. Charles Owen, of Warrington. It will tend to confirm the preceding statement, and it will perpetuate also in some measure the distinguished excellence of the individuals to whom it relates : To the most honoured Thomas Hunt, of Boreatton, Esq. Sir, — These remains of your and your father's friend, beg leave to be inscribed to your name, as a public acknowledgment of obligations to your excellent family ; a family from which he received particular marks of esteem, and to which near thirty years acquaintance had so endeared him that he always bore it the highest degree of respect and gratitude. Your great and eminently religious father foresaw his growth and generously patronized that concealed merit, which he knew would in time remarkably distinguish itself. The length of his acquaintance did but increase his just opinion of him : the reciprocal regard he had for your pious father were equally conspicuous. I cannot without offending against the laws of justice overlook that high value he had for that truly honourable lady, your mother, who was a wonder of humble, exemplary, and primitive piety. The deserved tribute he paid their names on occasion of their death declared his just veneration for their shining character. The loss of those Christian worthies could not but sensibly affect us ; but you. Sir, have given them a resurrection by a pious imitation of them. Can they die while their eminent virtues still shine in a descendant of so large and diffusive a soul ? It is with pleasure we behold a son who is a lively copy from those bright originals, and, by illustrious deeds, daily adds to the unsullied glory of his family. The hereditary respects he received from yourself and most worthy relatives (particularly from your virtuous and ingenuous lady) were grate- fully acknowledged by him. Her inquisitive and discerning genius, vivacity of parts, and uncommon instances of reading ; but, above all, those strains of unaffected piety and prudence which illustrate her actions, he spoke of with admiration and applause. May both of you long continue to enjoy the agreeable society of each other, to spread a good influence around you, and be living apologies for the vital power and purity of religion. May the secret of the Lord be always on your tabernacle, and may the- tender and flourishing branches thereof live to discover the happy effects of that admirable conduct by which tbey are regulated. If education makes the man, there is no doubt (according to the moral probability of things) but those generous seeds you now sow in them will in time ripen into glorious actions, especially when watered by the influence of those good examples which are inherent in your family. How happy are they in being made to know betimes the work, and inestimable worth, of time ; when many children are under a kind of fatal necessity to be vain and vicious, for want of better employment ! May they enjoy so great an advantage, and both you and they the special protection of Heaven, which is the sincere desire of Honoured Sir, &c., Charles Owen. Warrington, January Ist, 1707. 190 The year 1G81 was a memorable epoch in the life of Mr, Owen. Dr. William Lloyd," the excellent and learned Bishop of St. Asaph (afterwards of Worcester), being an avowed enemy to persecution, endeavoured by mild persuasions to remove the scruples entertained by Dissenters against Conformity. For this end he visited most of the principal towns in his diocese, and among the rest Oswestry. After several conferences with Mr. Owen in private, his Lordship appointed Tuesday, the 27th of September, for a public disputation with him in the town hall, there to give an account hy what right he exercised his ministry, not having had episcopal ordination. The learned Mr, Henry Dodwell attended with the Bishop ; and Mr, Phillip Henry, and Mr. Jonathan Koberts, of Llanvair, in Denbighshire, with Mr. Owen.f Mf^ny of the clergy and gentry of the county^ the magistrates of the town, and a considerable number of other persons assembled on the occasion. The discourse began about two o'clock in the afternoon, and continued till between seven and eight at night. His Lordship managed his part of the * William Lloyd, D.D., one of the seven Bishops, was of the family of Henblas, Anglesea. He was born at Tilehuist Eectory, Berks, August 18th, 1627; entered at Oriel College, Oxford, 1638, when only eleven years of age ; removed thence to New College, and afterwards to Jesus College, of which he became Scholar and Fellow. In 1654 he was presented to the living of Bradheld, which he resigned ; Prebendary of Ripon, 1660; Chaplain to King Charles II., 1666; D.D. and Preben- dary of Wilesford and Woodford in Salisbury Cathedral, 1667 ; Rector of St. Mary's, Heading, and Archdeacon of Merioneth, 1668 ; Dean of Bangor, 1672; Canon Residentiary of Sarum, 1674; Vicar of St. Martin's, Westminster, 1676; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1680; Lichfield, 1692 ; and Worcester, 1699. He died at Hartbbury Castle, 30th August, 1717, in the 91st year of his age, and was buried at FUidbury, of which his son was rector. There is a monument to his memory in the chancel of that church. He was pre-eminent fur learning, judgment, and piety. He published many works, a list of which is given in Thomas's " History of the Diocese of St. Asaph." t Mr. Owen published in 1694 the arguments in favour of his view, under the title "'A Plea for Scripture Ordination, or Ten Arguments from Scripture and Antiquity proving Ordination by Presbyters without Bi^hops to be valid." to which in the same year an answer was written by the Rev. Jchn '1 homas. A.M., rector of Penegoes, county Mont- gomery, but it was not published until after the appearance of a second edition of "The Plea, with an Epistle prefixed by the Rev Daniel Williams," in 1707, the "Answer" being edited by the Rev. George Hicks, 1711. 191 debate with great calmness, and though the meeting proved unavaihng as it respected the grand object, yet it tended to soften prejudices, and promote the important purposes of Christian charity. In the year 1699 Mr. Owen was urgently invited to Man- chester and Shrewsbury, but after much deliberation he preferred the latter, and accordingly removed there to assist the Eev. Francis Paltents,* and to superintend the education of young men for the ministry. This was the last sphere in which he moved, and it received an additioaal testimony that religion is neither inconsistent with extensive learning nor opposed to moral excellence, but that while it sanctifies the one, it is, by * This learned and valuable minister was ejected by the Act of Uniformity in 1662, from St. Mary's church in Shrewsbury. After his ejection he preached to a congregation of Dissenters, who eventually built a meeting house in High street in that town. There Mr. Paltents and Mr. Owen preached, as did Dr. Samuel Benion [he was born at Whixal, near Frees, in 1673 ; educated at his native village, and at Werksworth, Derbyshire ; in 1691 he went to reside with Mr. Phillip Henry, at Broad Oak, who employed him teaching some gentlemen's sons who resided there; in 1695 he proceeded to Glasgow University, and the following year took his M.A. degree there, where he remained till 1706, when he removed to Shrewsbury, where he died in 1708, at the age of 35. His life was written by his friend Matthew Henry, and is to be found among his " Miscellaneous Works,"] — who succeeded Mr. Owen, and after him the celebrated Rev. John Reynolds. During Mr. Reynolds' ministry the chapel was pulled down by a mob, and as his diary contains perhaps the most minute account of the transaction extant, the following extracts will be intere-ting : — '* At night [Saturday] July 6th, 1715, our meeting house was pulled down" [subsequently re -built by the G-overnment] ; and afterwards on a review of the year he proceeds : — " A hideous, malignant spirit broke forth, and was remarkably rampant in Lancashire, Shropshire, and Staffordshire. Mobs and riots arose in divers places, and pulled down meeting houses, unprovoked, unmolested. They began in Oxford ; then Manchester meeting house came down ; then that of Wolv rhampton ; then ours in Salop. Scarce anything was done to prevent it. Then followed the ruins of those at Wem, Whitchurch, and many others. In Salop we were threatened with the ruin of private houses for divers nights together. The rioters usually came in the night, and worked at pulling down the chapel till they had demolished it as far as they pleased. Untoward boys carried on the desola- tion by day. My house was particularly threatened. Some came voluntarily to sit up in defence of it. One night, upon information of the danger, the mayor was pleased to send three constables to watch it The Friday night [July r2th] after the meeting house was pulled down is a night not to be forgotten. The beginning of it was terrible to Dissenters. That afternoon three of the rioters were taken in the street with their axes and instruments its sacred principles and inexpressibly glorious prospects, the legitimate and fruitful source of the other. Possessed naturally of superior abilities, industrious in the pursuit of learning, and also a careful redeemer of time, it is not surprising that his literary acquirements were solid and extensive. With his native language, Welsh, he was correctly acquainted, and wrote in it several treatises. His knowledge of the English, considering the age in which he lived, was no less exact. He was familiar when young with Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and by his own industry made creditable progress in the Arabic, Syriac, Saxon, and French languages. With history, particu- larly ecclesiastical, he was peculiarly conversant, as also with the Fathers, and he epitomized, both in Greek and Latin, many of their works. Lideed, whether the writers he studied were Christian or Pagan, he noted and borrowed whatever was good, whatever evidenced a love of truth and virtue, and aimed continually to make all the improvements of his understanding and all the treasures of his memory subservient to the purifi- cation of his heart. But, after all, he was principally indebted to the Bible for his advance in knowledge, and such was his conviction of this truth, and his veneration for the sacred Scriptures, that he learned the greatest part of them by heart. He beheld in the volume of inspiration with the highest intellectual and spiritual of desolation, and by the mayor's order sent to gaol. In less than half an hour, as is supposed, they got off their gaol and irons, and at the head of a vast mob, ran, with fury in their faces, by the magistrate's door, holloaing and shouting through the chief streets of the town. I narrowly escaped stepping into the front of them. No Dissenter's house seemed to be safe that night. Many were threatened ; most stood upon their guard. At one house in Frankwell they stopped and said, there was the little Presbyterian Parson and they would have him. They of the family suppose they intended me, but I had not been there that week. From thence they went up to an inn in the town, where they received a word of command, and were dissolved and dismissed. Since that time (he adds) the meaning of this tumult has been fully opened. A diabolical conspiracy has been discovered, formed against the King's life and government, and designed to introduce the Pretender and his relisfion And what must then ensue but worse miseries to faithful Protestants (if it can be) than were laid upon them in the Marian teigix.''— Life of Mr. Reynolds, 3rd Edition, 1735, p. 140. 193 pleasure the Glory of the Lord," and therefore studied it with adoring attention. Mr. Owen discovered in his life and general deportment the reality and excellence of those principles by which he was governed. He was a man of great moderation, activity, and usefulness. He was a bold but mild reprover of sin. He was cautious in the choice of companions, and in conversation discovered singular wisdom. In good works he was rich, and uniformly appropriated, in addition to occasional acts of benevolence, the tenth part of his yearly income to charitable purposes ; like a genuine philanthropist he industriously con- cealed his beneficence and drew a veil before his charity, which those who were nearest could scarcely penetrate. In the government of his family he was exemplary ; in the conjugal* relation affectionate and tender. As he was a learned and devoted minister, so he was a peaceful and loyal subject, and he took opportunities of inculcat- ing the duties of subordination and obedience to existing authorities. Mr. Owen was a Dissenter, but he was not therefore estranged from the Established Clergy. Far otherwise : he sincerely respected and valued them, and ever paid them proper deference. While he conscientiously objected to the requisitions of Episcopal ordination, he did not revile or ill judge those who felt no such scruples. He gave them credit for acting as conscientiously and uprightly as himself, and ever defended them from the cavils of bigotry and pleaded for their just support. As a minister Mr. Owen was able and faithful. His sermons * Mr. Owen was thrice married. First 17th November, 1679, to Mrs. Sarah George, of Oswestry ; secondly, in 1693, he married the widow of Alderman R. Edwards, of Oswestry ; and thirdly he married Mrs. Elizabeth Hough, relict of Mr. John Hough, of Chester, 12th August, 1700. She was daughter of John Wynne, Esq., of Coperlenny, county Flint. 194 were plain, judicious, and well studied. His manner of preaching was free, natural, and grave ; and his matter seasonable and convincing. He discharged the office of a tutor with distinguished ability. In the discipline of the academy order reigned. To the students he was easy of access, affable, and communicative. He took indefatigable pains to increase their knowledge, and endeavoured with unremitting assiduity to cultivate among them true piety. Unceasing exertions and sedentary habits brought on a disease which afflicted him for thirty years, and thereby injured his constitution, so that he became an easy prey to the last enemy. He died April 8th, 1706, aged 52. His pilgrimage of trial o'er, He reached the rest which sin can break no more. Many did him honour at his death, and with great lamentation witnessed his interment, April 11th, in St. Chad's church. The Eev. Matthew Henry preached on the occasion, and printed the sermon. Mr. Owen was the author of several publications (a list of which is given in the Life before alluded to), but the most considerable seem to have been A Plea for Scripture Ordination and The History of the Consecration of Altars, &c. After his death was published his History of Images and Image Worship, a work of considerable labour and research. BORDEEER. CHARLES PRATT, EARL CAMDEN. (Concluded from Page 158). From the moment that the libel bill received the royal sanction, Camden never afterwards appeared in the House of Lords. It was the climax of his political life, and he was contented himself with performing his duty as President of the Council, which he regularly attended whenever his growing 195 infirmities would permit him. About a year before his death he again sohcited his Sovereign for leave to resign ; but as his Lordship's mind was fully competent to the discharge of that high office, the King was graciously pleased to acquaint him, " That he claimed a continuation of his services whilst he was so well able to perform them." In this interval to the time of his death, every indulgence was shewn him that was possible. Councils were often previously held at his own house, and drafts of deliberations sent him down into the country, where he for the most part resided in the domestic enjoyments of his family, for whom he always manifested a truly parental and affectionate attachment. Finding his health visibly declining about the beginning of the year 1794, he removed from Camden — a place in Kent — his country seat, to his town residence in Hill street, Berkeley Square, where more through the pressure of old age than any immediate disorder, he died at the advanced age of 81 on Friday, the 18th of April, 1794. The Marquis of Camden's character as a judge is without impeachment. In his equal administration of justice with his spirited and effectual condemnation of general warrants — his efforts in favour of the rights of election — his unceasing exertions in support of the rights of juries in cases of libel, particularly the last splendid exertion of his eloquence on this subject, together with his uniform attachment to the Constitution upon all occa- sions, every Englishman must acknowledge him to have been the faithful guardian of their rights and liberties. ** His Lordship's parliamentary abilities," says one of his contemporaries, **are unquestionable. In point of contrast to Lord Mansfield, he is by no means so great an orator in the strict sense of the word ; but he is infinitely his superior in depth of reasoning, in logical definition, in philosophical arrangement and separation of his ideas, and in his knowledge of the fundamental laws of this constitution. He never leaves those openings to his antagonists which eternally recur in the harangues of his learned and brother Lord Mansfield. He seldom addresses himself merely to the passions ; and, if he does, 196 he always almost addresses them through the medium of true argument and sound logic. In fact if he was to speak in an audience composed of men of talents and experience only, there is no man in either House would stand the least chance to contend with him for victory ; but in merely driving or leading a herd, Lord Mansfield, Lord Chatham, and even Lyttleton are confessedly his superiors. In respect of delineation Lord Camden is cool, deliberative, argumentative, and persuasive : he is fond of first principles ; argues closely, and never lets them out of his view ; his volubility, choice of language, flowing of ideas, and words to express them are inexhaustible. The natural rights of the colonists — the privileges and immunities granted by Charter, and their representative rights as native subjects of the British Empire, are the substrata on which he erects all his arguments, and draws his conclusions. His judgment is, if possible, still greater in debate than his mere powers of oratory as a public speaker. He either takes an early part in it, decides the question, or embarrasses his adversaries, or he waits till they have spent all their force, and rests his attack upon some neglected point, overlooked or little attended to, in the debate, so we do not hesitate to pronounce Camden the most able reasoner in either House." In the circle of his friends, Lord Camden was pleasant, easy, and communicative, carefully avoiding the lawyer or the states- man. He was the intimate friend of Garrick, and frequently badinaged with that great actor. The following observation has been attributed to him : — ** Lord Mansfield has a way of saying, * It is a rule with me, an inviolable rule, never to hear a syllable " * said out of Court about any cause, that either is, or is not, in ** ' the smallest degree likely to come before me ' ! Now I, for ' ' my part, could hear as many people as chose to talk about their " causes ; it would never make the slightest impression upon me." The punishment of the stocks having been spoken lightly of by a barrister, on a trial at which he was presiding, he said, leaning over the bench to the counsel, Brother, have you ever 197 been in the stocks ? " Being answered in the negative, he whispered, Then I have ; and assure you it is by no means such a trifle as you represent it." His Lordship, it appears, when on a visit at Lord Dacres', was walking near Alveley, in Essex, with a gentleman, whom he requested to open the parish stocks for him, that he might be able to judge of the nature of the punish- ment. Having done so, his companion, who was remarkable for absence of mind, walked on, occupied with a book, and the Earl being unable to extricate himself, asked a countryman to release him. " No, no, old gentleman," quoth the rustic, " You were not set there for nothing." Lord Chancellor Camden married the heiress of Nicholas Jeffreys, of the Priory, Brecon, through whom the Welsh estate was derived. The Brecon estate is chiefly spoil of monastic houses, but obtained by purchase by the Jeffreys family — [See Poole's History of Breconshire for account of Priory and Priory Church, monuments erected to the memory of first Marquis and Lady Camden, also account of restoration of the Priory Church] . Their eldest son who inherited the title of Earl of Brecon, became at his father's death Marquis of Camden ; he died in 1840. His eldest son became Marquis and died August 6th, 1866, after serving the ofiice of Lord Lieutenant of Breconshire, 1865 — 6 ; he was succeeded by the Earl of Brecknock, who at the time represented the Borough of Brecknock. He died within a few months, leaving a son only a few weeks old. He is a ward in Chancery and will attain his majority in 1893. — [See Poole's History of Brecon.] Anne Stanton. Brecon. 198 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY HISTORIES RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH. [Continued from Page 181.] H ABLE CH... Account of Harlech Castle, by the late W. W. E. Wynne, Esq., of Peniarth, and Dr. Clark, of Dowlais. About 1878. Said to be the standard guide book to this historic ruin. HANMEE...An Account of the Parish of Hanmer. See Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1762, p. 516. HAWARDEN...A Memoir of Hawarden Parish, Flintshire, containing short introductory notices of the Princes of North Wales ; so far as to connect, and elucidate, distant and obscure places, by a Parishioner. "Nothing extenuate nor set down ought in malice." Demy 8vo. vi.-194 pp. Map. Printed by J. Fletcher, Foregate street, Chester. 1822. The author of this most excellent parish history was a Mr. Willett. Very few copies were printed as the list of subscribers only called for 83 copies. HAY... A Guide to Hay, by George Horden. Small 8vo. Hay. 1877. HOLYHEAD...Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, No. x. Containing a short account of Holyhead in the Isle of Anglesey. Demy 4to. iv.-33 pp. Map. Printed by and for J. Nichols, Printer to the Society of Antiquaries ; and sold by all the Book- sellers in Great Britain and Ireland. London. 1783. Written by the Rev. John Price, Keeper of the Bodleian Library. Published at Is. 6d. A Short Account of Holyhead Church, in the County of Anglesey, drawn up by the celebrated Lewis Morris, Esq., in a letter to Browne Willis, Esq. See Cambrian Register, vol. iii. pp. 212. Observations on the Local Advantages and Security of Holyhead Harbour, as a station for His Majesty's packets, and an asylum port for the trade of the channel. Demy 8vo. 15 pp. Plan. Printed by J. Jones, Castle street, Liverpool. 1836. . Holyhead Harbour. By C. W. Wilhams. Maps. 1847. Handbook for Holyhead, by Thomas Jackson. Eambles in the Isle of Holyhead, by Thomas Jackson. 199 Memoirs on Eemains of Ancient Dwellings in Kolyhead Island, mostly of circular form, called Cytliau'r Gwyddelod, explored in 1862 and 18G8. With notices of relics found in recent excavations there, and also in various parts of Anglesey. By the Hon. Wilham Owen Stanley, M.P., F.S.A. Demy 8vo. v.-33, 22, 29 pp. Many Plates. London : Printed for the Author, and to be obtained from James Bain, 1, Hay- market. Minshull and Hughes, Eastgate Row, Chester. 1871. The three papers were originally published in vols. 24, 26 and 27 of the Journal of the Royal Archaeological Institute. HOLYWELL... See Thomas Pennant's History of Whiteford and Holywell. 1796. Gleanings of the Histories of Holywell, Flint, St. Asaph, and Rhuddlan, their Antiquities, etc., by J. Poole. Plate. Small 8vo. Holywell. 1831. KID WELLY.., Clarke's Description of Kidwelly Castle, Caermarthen. 8vo. Plates. Tenby. 1851. Clarke's History of the Welsh Castles, Kidwelly, Caerphilly, Coch. 8vo. 1852. Kidwelly and its Environs, by W. H. See Eed Dragon, vol. vii., pp. 140. LAUGHARNE...The Antiquities of Laugharne, Pendine, and their neighbourhoods, Carmarthenshire, Amroth, Saunders- foot, Cilgethy, Pembrokeshire, South Wales, by Mary Curtis. With Illustrations. Second edition. 8vo. Printed for the author by R. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, Bread street hill, London. 1880. LLANBEBLIG...See W. H. Jones' Old Karnarvon. LLANBE EI S... Description of Llanberis and Snowdon dis- trict, by J. H. Bransby. 12mo. Plates. Carnarvon. 1845. Abel Heywood's Guide to Carnarvon and Llan- beris. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. LLANDAFF... Survey of the Cathedral Church of Llandaff, by Browne WiUis, 8vo. 1719. History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church and See of Llandaff, Glamorganshire, by Storer. Demy 8vo. 17 pp. Plates. London. 1816. See Storer' 8 Bangor Cathedral for fuller particulars. Eemarks on the Architecture of Llandaff Cathe- dral ; with an Essay towards a history of the Fabric, by Edward A. Freeman, M.A. Demy 8vo. xv.-lOl pp. Plates. London. W. Pickering, 177, Piccadilly ; E. Mason, Tenby. 1850. 200 Account of the Cathedral of Llandaff, from 1575 to the present time, by the Bishop of Llandaff (A. Olliphant). Second edition. 4to. Plates. 1860. History of Llandaff Cathedral, by the Very Kev. W. D. Conybeare, Dean of Llandaff. Llandaff, the Cathedral of SS. Peter, Paul, Dubri- cius, Teleiau, and Oudoceus, by Mackenzie E. C. Walcott. Demy 8vo. 15 pp. E. Mason, Printer, High street, Tenby. Re-printed from the Cambrian Journal. 1864. pp. 228. Llandaff, a Historical and Descriptive Poem, in two cantos. 4to. 1884. LLANDEGAI... Antiquities of Llandegai and Llanllechid, by H. D. Hughes. 8vo. 1866. LLANDEGLEY...See Pritchard's Llandrindod Guide. LLANDILO. . .Llandilo past and present, an illustrated guide to the ancient castles, and other antiquities of the neighbourhood, a sketch of the history and the annals of the town, embracing that of the Kingdom of Dynevor, &c., &c., by W. Samuel. Crown 8vo. V.-164., xii pp. Morgan and Davies, " Welshman " Printing Office, Carmarthen. 1868. LLANDEILO-VAWE...Llandeilo-Vawr and its neighbour- hood ; past and present, together with Zoological, Botanical, and Geological sketches, as well as a review of the Commerce and Commercial capabilities, by William Davies (Gwilym Teilo). Demy 12mo. 175 pp. Printed by D. W. and G. Jones, Ehos- maen street, Llandeilo. 1858. LLANDEINDOD...A Journey to Llandrindod Wells in Ead- norshire, with a particular description of those Wells, the places adjacent, the humours of the company there, etc., being a faith- ful narrative of every occurrence worth notice, that happened in a journey to and from those Wells, to which is added observations and information to those who intend visiting Llandrindod : and to which is prefix' d (written by a friend) a Poem, by way of apology for the author's writing. By a Countryman. Demy 12mo. 84 pp. Printed for Benjamin Haslewood, bookseller in Bridgnorth ; and sold by the booksellers in town and country. Birmingham. 1746. Treatise on the Three Medicinal Mineral Waters at Llandrindod, in Eadnorshire, with some remarks on mineral and fossil mixtures in their native beds and veins, at least as far as respects their influence on water, by Dr. Linden. 8vo. 1756. 201 • An Analysis on the Medicinal Waters of Llaii- drindod in Radnorshire, South Wales ; with observations upon the diseases to which they are applicable, and directions for their use : to which is prefixed a topographical account of the place, by Richard Williams, surgeon, honorary member of the Physical Society of Guy's Hospital, London. Demy 8vo. xiii-128 pp. Plate. London ; printed for the author, and sold by E. Cox and Son, medical booksellers, St. Thomas street. Borough, and at the Pump House, Llandrindod Wells. 1817. Llandrindod Guide, including the Wells of Llan- degley and Blaenedwy, with rides and drives, embracing the beauties and curiosities of Radnorshire, by J. T. L. Prichard. 12mo. Hay. n.d. Various editions of this work were published, one at Newport, n d., and in 1825. LLANDUDNO... Illustrated Guide to Llandudno. With map and numerous engravings. By the late John Heywood. Manchester : Printed by John Heywood. 1887. 36 pp. crown octavo. Tourists' Guide to Llandudno. 8vo. Map. Liverpool, 1849. The Llandudno Visitors' Hand-book, with his- torical notices of the neighbourhood, including the ancient town of Conway. By R. Parry. Crown 8vo. vi.-107 pp. Published by Thomas Williams, chemist and druggist, Llandudno. 1855. The Hand-book to Llandudno and its vicinity, by John Hicklin ; with illustrations from original drawings, by W. Willis, and a map of the district. Fourth thousand (second edition). Crown 8vo. vi.-170 pp. London: Whittaker and Co. Catherall and Pritchard, Chester. Catherall and Niscon, Bangor. (1858). The third edition was published at Chester by Catherall and Pritchard. 1860. Williams' Complete Guide to Llandudiio. The tenth thousand of Llandudno ; its history and natural history : comprising the antiquities, modern improvements, natural pro- ductions, and romantic scenery, of the Town, the Great Orme's Head, and neighbourhood. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. viii.-242 pp. Published by Thomas Williams, chemist, Church Walks, Llandudno, n.d. (About 1860). The historical portions were written by G-walchmai. Many editions were published. Llandudno, its History, Natural History, and An- tiquities, by R. Parry. Plates. Crown 8vo. Llandudno. 1861. 202 Llcindudno, and how to enjoy it ! being a handy guide to the town and neighbourhood, by John Price, M.A. Crown 8vo. n.d. Abel Heywood's Guide to Llandudno. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. Nine Days' Kambles in Llandudno and its neigh- bourhood, comprising sketches of scenery, historical notices, and copious remarks : also, an accurate account of Conway, its antiquities, bridges, castle, etc., and the deeply affecting scenes witnessed in that town by past generations, by Thomas Jackson, R.M. Demy 18mo. iv.-116 pp. Llandudno. Pub- lished by Ellerby, bookseller ; Powis, Post Office. 1861. Llandudno As it Is, by Hugh Mulleneux Walmsley. Fcap. 8vo. 74 pp. Second edition. Enlarged and corrected. Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly, London, n.d. The Hand-book to Llandudno and its vicinity, including Conway and Penmaenmawr, by John Hicklin : with wood cut illustrations, and a map of the district. New edition revised. Eighth thousand (fourth edition). Crown 8vo. vi.- 158 pp. Catherall and Pritchard, Chester. (1862). The Handbook to Llandudno ; comprising notices of its antiquities, modern rise, progressive prospects, natural productions, hygeian advantages, and romantic scenery. Edited by Richard Greene, F.S.A. An entirely new edition, with con- siderable additions and amendments, and a map of the district. Plates. Crown 8vo. vii.-182 pp. Catherall and Pritchard, Eastgate row, Chester. 1873. LLANCARV AN.. Account of a medicated spring at Llan- carvan parish, by Mr. Aubrey. See Philosophical Transactions, No. 233, p. 727. Pubhshed in the 18th century. LLANELLY ..The South Wales Press Almanac, 1887, containing Llanelly : a survey and a retrospect. Compiled by Arthur Mee. Demy 12mo. 57 pp. Printed by James Davies, the " South Wales Press," Llanelly. LLANERFIL... Statistical Account of the Parishes -of Llanerfil, Llangadvan, and Garth-Beibio, in Montgomeryshire. Written in the year 1792, by the late William Jones. Communi- cated by W.D., with Notes. See Cambrian Register, vol. ii., p. 336. LLANFAGLAN...See W. H. Jones' Old Karnarvon. LLANGADVAN... See Cambrian Register, vol. ii., p. 336. LLANGAMMARCH.,.See Guide to Llanwrtyd Wells. 208 LLANGOLLEN... Llangollen Vale and other Poems, by Anna Seward. Vignette on title. 4to. 1796. Some Account of Llangollen and its Vicinity, including a circuit of about seven miles. Dedicated, by permis- sion, to the Eight Hon. Lady Eleanor Butler, and Miss Ponsonby, by W. T. Simpson. Demy 12mo., 206 pp. London, G. B. Wliittaker, Ave Maria Lane ; T. and W. Wood, Birmingham ; and all other booksellers. 1827. Some Account of Llangollen and its Vicinity, including a circuit of about seven miles, by W. T. Simpson. Second edition, with marginal notes. Demy 12mo., 102 pp., plate. Printed and published by Hugh Jones, Llangollen. 1845. A later edition was published in 1852. ■ The Ladies of Llangollen," as sketched by many hands ; with notices of other objects of interest m " that sweetest of vales," by John Hicklin. Folio, 31 pp., plates. Chester, Thomas Catherall, Eastgate row ; London, Whittaker and Co., Ackermann and Co., Strand; Dublin, T. Cranfield. 1847. Jones's Guide to Llangollen and Neighbourhood. Fcap. 8vo., 17 pp. Printed and published by H. Jones, Llan- gollen, n.d. (about 1858). Abel Heywood's Guide to Llangollen and Corwen. Demy 12mo. Manchester, n.d. LLANGURIG... History of the Parish of Llangurig, Mont- gomeryshire, by Edward Hamer, and Lloyd. 8vo., plates and heraldic illustrations. 1875. LLANGYNW YD... History of Llangynwyd Parish (with illustrations), by T. C. Evans (Cadrawd). " Cared pob un ei gynheitref," — Let every one love his native place.— Welsh proverb. Demy 8vo., vii.-192 pp. Printed at the Llanelly and County Guardian Office, Llanelly. 1887. LL ANLLE CHID. . .Antiquities of Llandegai and Llanllechid, by H. D. Hughes. 8vo. 1866. LLANRUG...A Statistical Account of the Parish of Llan- rug, in Caernarvonshire. See Cambrian Register, vol. i., p. 284. LLANWRST...Abel Heywood's Guide to Llanwrst and Bettwys-y-Coed. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. LLANSILIN... Parish of Llansilin, in the county of Den- bigh. See Cambro-Briton, vol. i., p. 800. LL ANTHONY... Account of Llanthony Priory, by Rev. G. Roberts. With appendix. 8vo. Plates. 1847. 204 A Popular Account of the interesting Priory of Llanthony, near Gloucester ; with notices of the original founda- tion in Wales, and subsequent removal to England : also additional notices of contemporaneous buildings in Gloucester, and introductory remarks on the monastic system, by John Clarke, architect. Eoyal 8vo. x.-87 pp. Plates. Gloucester, J. W. Needham, 30, Westgate street : London, George Bell, 186, Fleet street. 1853. LLANVETHERINE : Short Notices relating to the Parish of Llanvetherine, in Monmouthshire. See Archaeologia, vol. xii., p. 99. About 1800. LLANTWIT MAJOR. ..A Sketch of the Ancient History and Antiquities of Llantwit Major, in the county of Glamorganshire. Compiled from original documents collected by Edward Williams. See Cambrian Visitor for 1813, p. 509. LLANWRTYD...A Guide to Llanwrtyd Wells, Llangam- march, &c., with a map of the district. Crown 8vo. 29 pp. Printed and published by Eees and Evans, Herald Office, Car- narvon, n.d. LLANWYNNOG... Parochial History of Llan-Wynnog, in Montgomeryshire, by Gwalter Median. See Cambrian Quarterly Magazine, vol. i., p. 30. LLANYMYNECH...A Statistical Account of the parish of Llanymynech, in Montgomeryshire, by Walter Davies, A.B. See Cambrian Register, vol. i., p. 265. MACHYNLLETH... Darlundraeth 0 Fachynlleth a'i Ham- gylchoedd (account of Machynlleth), by Evan Jones. 8vo. Machynlleth. 1855. MANORBERE CASTLE... Handbook to Manorbere Castle, Pembrokeshire. Fcap. 8vo. 16 pp. H. B. Wheeler, printer. High street, Brecon. 1876. By J. R. Cobb, Esq., of Nytbfa, who published an enlarged edition in 1878, printed by Edwin Poole, publisher, High street, Brecon. MERIONETHSHIRE . . .Merionethshire. See Cambrian Register, vol. i., p. 288. Evans' History of the Counties of Montgomery and Merionethshire. 8vo. Plates. 1810. See Breeses' Anglesey. 1873. The Topography of Merion, by W. Owen Pughe. See Transactions of the Cymmrodorion, vol. i., p. 150. 1822. Sketch of the History of Merionethshire, by Mr 205 Robert Vauglian, of Hengwrt. See Cambrian Register, vol. i., p. 188. MERTHYR TYDFIL... History of Merthyr, by Rees. A Guide to Merthyr Tydfil, and the Travellers' Companion in visiting the iron works, and the various interest- ing localities of the surrounding neiglibourliood : containing a concise history of the rise and progress of Merthyr Tydfil, with brief notices of Glamorgan and its antiquities, by T. E. Clarke. Demy 12mo. x.-83 pp. Merthyr Tydfil, printed and published by H. W. White, bookseller and stationer : published also by Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., London. 1848. The History of Merthyr Tydfil, by Charles Wilkins. Royal 8vo. 372 pp. Published by Harrv Wood Southey, at the Express " Office, Merthyr Tydfil. 1867. MILFORD HAVEN... A plain Disquisition on the indis- pensible necessity of fortifying and improving Milford Haven ; containing likewise an attempt to demonstrate the advantages that will arise from it to this nation, with some hints on the prosecuting scheme. To which is annexed an exact map of the harbour, drawn after a very late survey. Addressed to a patriot member of Parliament. 8vo. London. 1759. A Tour to Milford Haven, in the year 1791, by Mrs Morgan. Demy 8vo. xli.-439 pp. Printed for John Stock- dale, in Piccadilly, London. 1795. Observations on Milford Haven, in a Letter to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Melville ; in reply to some allusions to that Haven, which appeared in his lordship's letter, addressed to the Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, relative to the establishment of a naval arsenal at Northfleet ; also replying to allusions to Milford Haven, which have since appeared, in a letter addressed to Lord Melville, by the Right Hon. George Rose. To which is annexed a chart of the Haven. Demy 8vo. 30 pp. Printed for E. Jeffrey, Pall Mall, by B. McMillan, Bow street, Covent Garden, London. 1810. Observations on Milford Haven. Second edition. With considerable additions. To which is annexed an accurate chart of the Haven, assisted by correct views. Demy 8vo. 91 pp. Printed for E. Jeffrey, Pall Mall, etc., etc., by B. McMillan, London. 1812. Milford Haven, in Pembrokeshire, with a chart annexed. See Cambrian Register, vol. iii., 1818, p. 345. Milford, Past, Present, and Future, by Jelinger Symonds, Esq., barrister at law. Demy 8vo. 35 pp. Tenby, 206 R. Mason, Higli street. London, Piper, Stephenson, and Spence, 23, Paternoster Row. 1857. Milford Haven, its Importance as a Mail Steam Packet Station for Panama, and other Oceanic services, by Alfred Brett, steam shipping agent, of 150, Leadenhall street, London, and of Milford, South Wales. 2 charts. Demy 8vo. 12 pp. Edward Stanford, 6, Charing Cross, London. 1859. The Importance of Milford Haven as a Naval and Commercial Packet Station, particularly for departure to the Transatlantic, Portuguese, and Brazilian Ports. Being the sub- stance of a series of Lectures delivered at Pembroke, Haverford- west, and Milford, on the 23rd, 24th, and 25th March, 1860, by Joseph Fisher, Esq. *' I consider Milford Haven one of the best Harbours in the World." — Lord Nelson. Demy 8vo. 31 pp. J. S. Palmer, printer, 3, Exchange street, Waterford. 1860. MOLD... Topographical Notices of the Parish of Mold, in Flintshire. See Cambro Briton, vol. i., December, 1819, com- mencing at p. 136. MONMOUTH... Die Veneris, 23 Februarii, 1648. An Act concerning the Sequestration of South Wales and county of Mon- mouth. Fcap. 4to. 4 pp. Printed for Giles Calvert, at the Black Spread Eagle at the west end of Pauls, London. 1648. Memoirs of Monmouthshire, the rarities of the county, eminent men, etc., by Nathan Eogers. 12mo. 1708. A Gentleman's Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, in the months of June and July, 1774. Frontispiece. Demy 12mo. v. -221 pp. Printed for T. Evans, near York Buildings, in the Strand, London. 1775. Written by Henry Penruddocke Wyndham. This edition is seldom met with, A Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, made in the months of June and July, 1774, and in the months of June, July, and August, 1777, by Henry Penruddocke Wynd- ham. The second edition. 16 plates. Demy 4to. xii.-215 pp. Salisbury. Printed and sold by E. Easton ; sold also by G. Wilkie, No. 71, St. Paul's Churchyard, London. 1781. A Gentleman's Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, in the months of June and July, 1774. A new edition. To which is added, an account of a journey into Wales, by George, Lord Lyttelton. Frontispiece. Demy 12mo. v. -245 pp. Printed for T. Evans, near York Buildings, in the Strand, London. 1781. Written by Henry Penruddocke Wyndham, and the exact reproduc- tion of the edition of 177o, excepting that this has Lyttelton's 207 journey added. So that this can be termed the third edition, and probably issued by the publisher in opposition to the second edition. 4to. Illustrated. Published by the author the same year. A Eelation of Apparitions of Spirits in the county of Monmouth, by Edmund Jones. 8vo. 1779. Tiie History of Monmouthshire, by David Wilhams. Demy 4to. Map and Plates. 1796. See Charles Heath's Account of Ross. 4to. 1799. Historical Tour in Monmouthshire, by W. Cox. Maps and Plates, being portraits and plans of ancient castles, encampments, abbeys, and ruins, by Sn- R. C. Hoare. 2 vols. 4to. 1801. An Historic and Picturesque Guide through the counties of Monmouth, Glamorgan, and Brecknock, with repre- sentations of ruins, antiquities, &c., &c., bv G. W. Manby. Plates. Demy 8vo. Bristol. 1802. A Picture of Monmouthshire, or an abridgement of Mr Cox's Historical Tour in Monmouthshire, by a Lady. Crown 8vo. 168 pp. Printed for T. Cadell, junr., and W. Davies, in the Strand. London. 1802. See Charles Heath's Down the Wye from Boss to Monmouth. 1790. Historical and Descriptive Account of the Ancient and Present State of the Town of Monmouth, including a variety of particulars deserving the stranger's notice relating to the Borough and its neighbourhood, by Charles Heath. 8vo. Monmouth. 1804. Many editions of this work have been published. A Topographical and Historical Description of Monmouthshire, containing an account of its towns, castles, antiquities, churches, monuments, public edifices, picturesque scenery, the residences of the nobility, gentry, etc., accompanied with biographical notices of eminent and learned men to whom this county has given birth, by the Bev. J. Evans. Illustrated with engravings and map. Demy 8vo. 184 pp. Printed for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, Paternoster Row. London. 1810. This work was originally published in the " Beauties of England and Wales," Vol. II. 1809. A Tour through South Wales and Monmouthshire. Comprehending a general survey of the picturesque scenery, remains of antiquity, historical events, pecuhar manners, and commercial situations of that interesting portion of the British Empire, by J. T. Barber. Demy 8vo. 372 pp. 1803. 208 Descriptive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire, in the year 1804, and the four preceding summers. By E. Donovan, F.L.S., author of the "British Zoology," in twenty volumes. Embellished with thirty-one plates of views, antiquities, etc., in two volumes. Demy 8vo. xxvii.-404, ix.-396 pp. Printed for the Author, and sold by Rivingtons, St. Paul's Churchyard ; White, Fleet street ; Faulder, Bond street ; Williams, Strand ; and Hatchard, Piccadilly. London. 1805. Memoirs of Monmouthshire ; with an Appendix concerning the severe usages and sufferings of the tenants of Wentworth in defence of their rights against the Duke of Beaufort. 8vo. Newport. 1826. What I saw in the Golden Valley, or a Tour through Monmouthshire, by Peacock. 12mo. 1831. The Stranger in Monmouthshire and South Wales ; or illustrative sketches of the history, antiquities, and scenery of South Wales and its Borders, with an itinerary, routes, maps, and other directions, by Mark Willett. Author of An Excursion down the Wye, the Astronomical Tide Table, etc. " Stranger ! if Nature charm thee, hail her here, in these her haunts." — Bowles. Frontispiece. Demy 12mo. viii.-456 pp. Chepstow : Printed for the Author by T. Ma,] or, and sold by the principal Book- sellers in the district, and by T. J. Manchee, Bristol, n.d. Evidently published about 1825. The bulk of the work, some 398 pp., is devoted to " A Survey of the History of Monmouth- shire." A Topographical and Statistical Description of the County of Monmouth, containing an account of the situation, extent, towns, roads, rivers, mines, fisheries, manufactures, com- merce, agriculture, canals, curiosities, antiquities, biography, history, civil and ecclesiastical jurisdictions, etc. To which are prefixed the direct and principal cross roads, distances of stages, inns, and noblemen and gentlemen's seats, also a list of the markets and fairs ; and an index table, exhibiting at one view the distances of all the towns from London, and of towns from each other ; with an account of the Wye Tour. The whole forming a complete county itinerary. By G. A. Cooke, Esq. Illustrated with a map of the county, views, etc. Second Edition. Foolscap 8vo. 180 pp. London: Printed, by assign- inent from the executors of the late C. Cooke, for Shewood, Jones and Co., Paternoster Row, and sold by all Booksellers, n.d. (circa, 1830). Many editions of this work have been published. 209 History of Monmouthshire ; including a list of the Eural Deaneries, with the valuation of each. Map. 4to. See Magna Britannica. 1834. Monmouthshire, twenty illustrations of its Abbeys, Castles, etc., including Tintern, Chepstow, Raglan, etc. Imperial 4to. n.d. Front's Castles and Abbeys of Monmouthshire, thirty large and fine tinted drawings on stone, with descriptions. Imperial Folio. 1838. Historical Account of the Castles of Glamorgan and Monmouth, by John Dorney Harding. See Transactions of the Cymmrodorion. 1843. pp. 263. Topography and Statistics of Monmouthshire, by Gomer. See Cambrian Journal for 1854, p. 243. Sheriffs of Monmouthshire, by Thomas Wakeman. See Cambrian Journal for 1863, p. 278. Sketches of Monmouthshire, by J. H. Clarke. Frontispiece. 12mo. 236 pp. Printed at the County Observer Office, Usk. 1868. An edition was also published in 1869. This work contains a reprint of the Memoirs of Monmouthshire, written by Nathan Rogers, of Llanvair, which was originally published in 1708 and 1826. Illustrated Handbook to Monmouth, and the various objects of interest in and around it. With a map show- ing the railways and distances from Monmouth to the principal points of attraction. New and Enlarged Edition. " Stranger ! If Nature charm thee, Hail her here, In these her haunts." — Bowles. Numerous woodcuts. Crown 8vo. vii.-77 pp. Published by E. Waugh, Church street, Monmouth, n.d. (circa) 1874. MONTGOMERY... Evans' History of the Counties of Mont- gomery and Merionethshire. Plates. 8vo. 1810. The Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire, with their armorial bearings, and notices, genealogical and biographical, of their families, from 1540 to 1639, by the Rev. W. V. Lloyd. M.A., F.R.G.S. Folding and other pedigrees, and other engravings of Coats-of-arms. 8vo. 1876. MUMBLES... Guide to the Mumbles and Adjacent Bays: containing a graphic and descriptive account of the many natural beauties of that romantic locality. Illustrated Edition. 12mo. 40 pp. Published by Pearse and Brown, 22, . Wind street Swansea. 1860. 210 — See the Strangers' Companion in Swansea, etc. 12mo. 1871. NAEBEETH— The History of Narberth and its Castle, by Arthur Lewis. See Eed Dragon, vol. vi., 1884, commencing at p. 267. NEATH. ..Original Charters and Materials for a History of Neath and its Abbey, now first collected by George Grant Francis. With fine coloured and other illustrations of seals, pavements, coats-of-arms, etc. Eoyal &vo. Swansea, 1835. Of this work only 50 copies were privately issued by the Author. I have also a memo, if correct, that an additional 50 copies were privately issued by the Author, small folio, in 1845. Guide to the Beauties of Glyn Neath, by W. Young. Plates. 8vo. 1835. Specimens of Inlaid Tiles, Heraldic and Geometri- cal, from Neath Abbey, Glamorganshire. The descriptive heraldic notices by the Eev. H. H. Knight, Eector of Neath. The plates from original drawings by Mr Egbert Moxham, of Neath, architect. Oblong folio. 27 pp. Published by subscrip- tion by the Committee of the Neath Philosophical Institution. Fr. Schenck, Lith. Edinburgh. Evidently very few copies printed, as only 102 copies were subscribed for. The Handbook to the Vale of Neath. 12mo. Neath. 1852. Hanes Glyn Nedd, by Taliesin ap lolo. See Gweithiwr Cymreig, for 1886. Neath and its Abbeys. This rather rare book I have not been able to find out anything about. A copy, I believe, is in the library of the Eoyal Institution, Swansea. NEWPOET, ..The Ancient and Modern History of Newport, Monmouthshire ; with a guide and directory, plates, by J. M. Scott. Crown 8vo. 116 pp. Printed by W. Christophers, at the Merlin Office, Newport, for J. M. Scott and David Morris. 1847. Newport and Cardiff as Shipping Ports : being speeches delivered by J. C. Parkinson, Esq., J. P., President of the Newport Chamber of Commerce, one of the Newport Harbour Commissioners, etc., etc., etc., and other Gentlemen. With correspondence, etc., Demy 8vo. xxxviii.-138 pp. Henry Mullock and Son, Commercial street, Newport. 1878. Historical Traditions and Facts relating to 211 Newport and Caerleon, by a member of the Caerleon and Monmouthshire Antiquarian Society. Printed and published by W. N. Johns, Stamp Office, Newport. 1880-85. Five parts of this excellent work have been published in 12mo. size by the author, W. JN . Johns, each part complete in itself. Part I., iv -86 pp., relates to the *' Pre -historic and Roman periods." 1880. Part II., iv.-13o pp., "The Saxon Period." 1881. Part III., v.-UO pp., "Norman and Early English Period." 1883. Part IV., iii.-127 pp., "Edward III. to Mary." 1883. Part v., Yi.-156 pp., "Temp. Elizabeth to Charles I." 1885. Part VI., 77 pp., " The Church during the Puritan Period." NOKTHOP. . .The History of Northop, FHntshire, by Thomas Edwards (Caervallwch). See Cambrian Quarterly Magazine, vol. iv., 1832, commencing at p. 190. PEMBKOKE...A History of Pembrokeshire, from a manu- script of George Owen, Esq., of Henllys, Lord of Kemes, with additions and observations by John Lewis, Esq., of Manarnawan, the same that is referred to and cited in Gibson's edition of Camden, and now first published from the original by his great- grandson, Kichard Fenton, Esq. See Cambrian Kegister, vol. ii., 1799, p. 53. A Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire, by Eichard Fenton, Esq., F.A.S. Demy 4to. Plates and Map. 672 pp. London : Printed for Longman, Hurst, Eees, Orme, and Co. ; White and Cochrane, W. Miller, Cadell and Davies, Verner, Hood, and Sharpe ; E. Jeffrey, J. Booth, J. Mawman, and J. Johnson and Co. 1811. See Rees' History of Glamorgan, etc. The Earls, Earldom, and Castle of Pembroke, by G. T. Clark, Esq. Plates. Demy 8vo. 132 pp. R. Mason, High street, Tenby. 1880. Originally published in the Archseologia Cambrensis. PENDINE...See Mary Curtis' Antiquities of Laugharne. PENHOW CASTLE... Notes on Penhow Castle, by Octavius Morgan, M.P., F.R.S., and Thomas Wakeman. Plates. Imp. 8vo. Newport. 1867. PENMAENMAWR... Ancient Survey of Pen Maen Mawr, from the original MSS, edited by J. 0. Halliwell (now Halliwell- Phillipps). Post 8vo. London. 1859. Of this privately printed work only 30 copies were printed. See Hicklin's Handbook to Llandudno. Chester. 1862. Guide to Penmaenmawr, North Wales. Plates. Demy 12mo. 24 pp. Printed by H. Humphreys, Castle Square, 212 Lithographic, Copperplate, and Letter Press Printer, n.d. (circa) 1858. . Abel Hey wood's Guide to Penmaenmawr and Conway. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. PENTREVOELAS... Notes about the Parish of Pentrevoelaa and its Vicinity, by John Evans. See Cambrian Journal, commencing in vol. i., 1854, at p. 61, ending in vol. ii. PIERCEFIELD...See Charles Heath's Historical Account of Chepstow. Monmouth. 1808. See J. Clarke's Guide to Chepstow. 1830. See E. Collins's Tintern Abbey. 1830. PLYNLIMMON...The Springs of Plynlimmon, a Poem (with copious notes) descriptive of scenery and circum- stances connected with the Severn, the Wye, and three minor rivers, which emanate from that noble mountain, by the Eev. Luke Booker, LL.D., F.R.S.L., Vicar of Dudley. Lovely scenes invite the song — Draw the landscapes bright and strong." Demy 12mo. vi.-135 pp. Wolverhampton : Printed by William Parke, for Simpkin and Marshall. London. 1834. PONTYPOOL... Local Register; or Chronology of Ponty- pool and the Neighbourhood from the earliest period, extended to the present year. To which is added an Appendix, containing notes on Llangybi and the Williams' family ; parish documents, Trevethin and Panteg ; Papers on Twyn Barlwm and Caerleon ; Blue Boar field, past and present ; Old parishioners of Trevethin ; Epitaphs : dark days and dark deeds in the district ; the Gelly Pistill claim, and royalty case ; Pontymoil gates, local odds and ends ; a list of Monmouthshire worthies ; etc., etc. Third Edition, with additions and corrections ; Crumlin ; life of Pemberton, a Pontypool boy ; local characters and traditions ; Pontypool of old, with its playhouse, its punch house, its poet, and its Japan. Demy 12mo. xcvi.-132 pp. Printed and published by David Walkinshaw, Free Press Office, Pontypool. 1871. Local Register ; or. Chronology of Pontypool and the Neighbourhood, from the earliest period. Fourth Edition, extended to the present year ; to which is added an Appendix, containing Pontypool and the Hanbury family (with pedigree) ; history of the great strike and lock out of 1875 : and all the information known relative to the town and district. Demy 12mo. cxxxii.-144 pp. Printed and published by David Walkinshaw, Free Press Office, Pontypool. 1875. History of the Ancient Industries of Pontypool, 213 by D. Griffiths. See Transactions of the Cardiff Eisteddfod, 1884, p. 404. PONT YPEIDD... Memoir of Pont-y-in-Prydd, over the river Tafe, Glamorganshire, by T. M. Smith. 4to. 1838. POET MADOC.Six Views in the Neighbourhood of Port- madoc, by C. F. WilHams. FoHo. n.d. POWYS.-.Powysland and Powys Castle, by the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne. See Journal of the British Archasological Associa- tion, March, 1861. The Feudal Barons of Powys, by Morris C. Jones. 8vo. 1868. History of Powys Fadog, by J. Y. W. Lloyd, of Llochfaen. 8vo. 5 vols. Whiting and Co., Sardinia street, London, W.C. 1881—?. RADNOR... See Rees' Glamorgan, etc. The History of Radnorshire, by the late Rev. Jonathan Williams, M.A., author of a History of Leominster," etc. Plates. Demy 8vo, iv.-318 pp. R. Mason, High street, Tenby. 1859. Eeprinted from the Archseologia Cambrensis." See Pryse's Handbook to the Breconshire Mineral Springs, etc. RAGLAN ..Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the ancient and present state of Raglan Castle, with a variety of other particulars, deserving the strangers notice, relating to that much admired ruin, and its neighbourhood. Collected from original papers and unquestionable authorities, by Charles Heath. The Eleventh Edition. Plate. Crown 8vo. 200 pp. Monmouth : Printed and sold by him, Agincourt Square ; sold also at the Castle, at the Inn, and by Longman and Co. London. 1829. Editions of this work were published 1806, 1819, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826. Historical and Descriptive Account of Ragland Castle. 8vo. Ragland. 17 — . See Clarke's Usk. 1856. Companion to Raglan Castle, or familiar descrip- tion of that beautiful and interesting ruin, with biographical notices. Plates. 4to. Monmouth. 1833. Illustrations of Ragland Castle, Monmouthshire. 6 plates. Drawn, printed, and published by G. Rowe, teacher of Drawing. Cheltenham, n.d. 214 EHAYADER...Ehaiadr Gwy ; a Poem, illustrated by notes historical, topographical, antiquarian, and archaeological, by D. Carter, last Master of the Rhayader Foundation Grammar School, and author of " Wellington," " Lays of the Convent," *' Songs of Italy," Estelle, or the Contrabandista," " The Legend of the Devil's Bridge," "The Rose of Pont Vathew," etc. Most respectfully dedicated, by permission, to John Jones, Esq., Cefnfaes, Rhayader. Plate. Demy 8vo. xxiv.-102 pp. Published by John Pryse, Llanidloes, Montgomery, n.d. RHUDDLAN...See Poole's Holywell. RHYL... Sketches of a Tour in Wales, by M. L. Lewis, Rhyl. Plates. 12mo. viii.-83 pp. Printed for the author by John Tompkins, Roe street, Queen's square, Liverpool, 1839. Contains also a " Descriptive Sketcli of Rhyl and its Vicinity." Lewis's Visitors' Guide to Rhyl and its Vicinity. Comprising a descriptive account of the principal objects of interest to the tourist in this picturesque locality, with a list of lodging houses in Rhyl. Frontispiece. Foolscap 8vo. 76 pp. Published by D. Lloyd Lewis, bookseller, stationer, and print- seller, Water street, Rhyl. 1852. See William Davies' Handbook to the Vale of Clwyd. Wanderings in Rhyl, by Thomas Jackson. ~ Abel Hey wood's Guide to Rhyl, St. Asaph, and Abergele. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. ROSS... Account of Ross, Monmouth, Wilton, and Goodrich Castles, by Charles Heath. 4to. Monmouth. 1799. Many editions of this work were published. RUTHIN... An Account of the Town and Castle of Ruthin. Frontispiece. Demy 8vo. 93 pp. Printed at the Taliesin Press, by Robert Jones, Ruthin. 1829. Written by Richard Newcorae. Second Edition — 12mo., 95 pp., was printed by Robert Jones, Royal Victoria Press. Ruthin. 1836. Bee William Davies' Handbook to the Vale of Clwyd. SAUNDERSFOOT ... See Mary Curtis' Antiquities of Laugharne. SKERRIES... The Skerries, a Sketch in Verse, by Phillip Ambler. 8vo. Bangor. 1841. SNOWDON... Letters from Snowdon, by J. Cradock. 1770. 215 Observations on the Snowdon Mountains ; with some account of the customs and manners of the inhabitants, to which is added a genealogical account of the Penrhyn families, by William Williams, of Llandegai. Demy 8vo. 199 pp. Sold by E. Williams, No. 11, Strand, London, Booksellers to the Duke and Duchess of York. 1802. See John Smith's Guide to Bangor. 1829. Illustrations of the Natural Scenery of the Snow- donian Mountains ; accompanied by a description, topographical and historical, of the County of Carnarvon, by Harry Longueville Jones, B.A., Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Plates. Folio. viii.-54 pp. London : Charles Tilt, 86 Fleet street ; and Thomas Stevenson, Cambridge. 1829. See Bransby's Description of Llanberris. 1845. Hamer's Practical Steamboat, Kailway, and Eoad Guide to Snowdon and Around. Plates. 12mo. iv.-120 pp. Printed for the author, by H. Humphreys, Carnarvon, n.d. Abel Heywood's Guide to Snowdon. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. ST. ASAPH. . . Survey of the Cathedral Church of St. Asaph, with the inscriptions on the monuments and gravestones, by Browne Willis. Plan and plates. 8vo. 1720. Willis' Survey of St. Asaph, considerably enlarged and brought down to the present time ; with the addition of the names of the Canons and Vicars Choral of the Cathedral, and the incumbents of the different parishes in the diocese, from the earliest dates, with memoirs of some of them ; also a second Appendix, containing an historical account of the different Arch-bishoprics, Bishoprics, Keligious Houses, Colleges, Dignities, London Churches, etc., referred to in the body of the work, with the Life of the Author prefixed. In Two Volumes. By Edward Edwards, A.M., Vicar of Llanarmon in Yale, and Curate of Wrexham, in the Diocese of St. Asaph. Portrait. Demy 8vo. xiv., 429, 409 pp. Wrexham : Printed and sold by John Painter ; sold also by W. Baynes, Paternoster Row, London. 1801. An edition was also published in 1804, judging by a catalogue I have. History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church and See of St. Asaph. Plates. By Mr Storer. Demy 8vo. London. About 1817. See Bangor Cathedral, by Storer, for particulars of the work. See Poole's Holywell. 216 See William Davies' Handbook to the Vale of Clwyd. History of the Diocese of St Asaph, General, Cathedral, and Parochial, by the Very Rev. Archdeacon Thomas. Plates. Demy 8vo. 1874. Abel Heywood's Guide to Rhyl, St. Asaph, and Abergele. 12mo. Manchester, n.d. ST. DAVID'S... Survey of the Cathedral Church of St. David's, by Browne WilHs. Bvo. 1717. The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Saint David, South Wales. The most ancient documents collected from the Bodleian Library, to which is annexed a correct list of the Archbishops, Bishops, etc., who have filled that See. Embellished with plates in Aquatinta, from drawings made on the spot by the author, George W. Manby, Esq. Royal 8vo. vii.-206 pp. Printed at the Oriental Press, by Wilson and Co., for Edward Harding, No. 98, Pall Mall. London. 1801. Architectural Antiquities of Wales. Vol. I. Pembrokeshire. No. 1, St. David's (all published). Plates. Oblong folio. 1810. History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church arid See of St. David's, by Storer. Plates. Demy 8vo. 18 pp. London. April, 1817. See Storer' 8 Bangor Cathedral for fuller particulars. Notes on the Cathedral Church of St. David's, by Nathaniel Davies, M.A., of Pembroke College, Oxford ; Preben- dary and Minor Canon of the Cathedral, and Master of the Chapter School of St. David's. Demy 8vo. iv.-28 pp. London : Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., Stationer's Hall Court. Haverford- west : William Perkins, 7, Market street. 1853. A second edition was also published in the same year. In the same year there was published by Llewelyn Llewellin, M.A., Dean of St. David's, a reply to Davies' second edition, The History and Antiquities of Saint David's, by William Basil Jones, M.A., [now Bishop of St. David's] late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. Plates. Demy 4to. xii.-400 pp. J. H. and J. Parker, J. Russell Smith, and J. Petheram, London. R. Mason, Tenby. 1856. To he continued. Henry Blackwell. New York. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales: July 31st, 1888. No. I A WELSH SQUIRE UNJUSTLY IMPRISONED FOR EIGHT YEARS. LEGAL TYEANNY TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO. THE WRONG MAN ARRESTED. The following petitions, two of them to the House of Commons and one to the House of Lords, tell an almost incredible tale of legal conspiracy and wrong-doing. The petitioner alleges that he was twice imprisoned as the wrong defendant in Chancery Court proceedings for contempt. The petitioner was Edward Games, of Cui, parish of Llanveigan, Breconshire, gent., and he avows that he was wrongfully imprisoned for another of the same name — Edward Games, of Tre- gare, parish of Llanfrynach, county Brecknock. The petitioner alleges that in fear of the consequences attaching for the first wrongful imprisonment, the parties implicated and the officers of the Court brought about the second and longer confinement. We cannot say whether the petitioner ever succeeded in getting out of the Fleet Prison, as we have no evidence before us to prove whether the petitions were successful or not. By the persistency with which the poor Squire of Cui petitions, we should be inclined to think he had to stay in " durance vile" all his life. In this number we append the first petition, which very concisely gives the history of the whole transactions : — 218 To tlie Honble. the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses m this Present ParHament assembled. The Complaint and Humble Petition of Edward Games, of Cuy, gent., against The Rt. Honble. Simon Lord Harcourt, Baron of Stanton - Harcourt, late Lord High Chancellour of Great Britain, and Sir John Trevor, Knight, late Master of the Rolls. Sheweth, — That there being of late in the County of Brecon, of the same name, one Edward Games of Tregare, gent., and your Petitioner, Games of Cuy ; as also one John Watters, Esq., the Father, and John Watters, his Son, of the Town of Brecon ; and that there being two Bills exhibited in the High Court of Chancery. One by Sarah Powell, Widow, and the said John Watters the Father, Plaintiffs, against the said Games of Tregare, amongst others. Defendant — distinctly from your Petitioner, as appears by the Bill filed the 3rd of Februaiy, 1693, being a Bill for Perpetuating of Testimony, and that costs were given in this cause against the said Games of Tregare, for Motions made about Commissions, one obtained upon Manifest Perjury, and directed to other Commissioners than the Court had expressly ordered, and both for that they had been issued out and executed unknown to the Defendants. The other by John Watters, Esq., the Son, together with the said Sarah, Plaintiffs, long after his said Father's decease, against both the said Games of Tregare (in this last Bill stiled Edward Games of Tregare, Esq., for that he was by that time made Justice of the Peace) and your Petitioner, Edward Games of Cuy, Gent., among others. Defendants, as appears by the Bill filed the 21st of December, 1702, and that this Bill was for Discovery of Writings, and of a quite different Purport, and against different Parties, and not filed till nine years after the forraev ; and being fully answered by your Petitioner, was 219 dismissed with costs to the Defendant, and your Petitioner Games of Cuy. Vide the Order of Dismission. And your Petitioner further represents to your Honours, That there were two Commitments of your Petitioner on account of the said Cause, wherein the said Powell and Watters the Father were the Plaintiffs. But neither the said Watters the Son, nor your Petitioner, a Party as aforesaid, and that the first Commitment of your Petitioner was procured by the said Watters the Son's taking advantage of his Identity with that of his Father to suggest himself to be the Plaintiff in his deceased Father's stead, and of your Petitioner's Identity with Games of Tregare to suggest him to be the Defendant instead of the said Games of Tregare, and his procuring of the said Bill of 1702 to be read instead of the Bill of 1693, and one Ellis Roberts to swear that he did believe your Petitioner to be the Defendant ; whereas at the same time the said false Oath was made to beguile the said Court to the said first Commitment of your Petitioner, both he and his Clerk in Court knew the said Oath to be false, and that your Petitioner was not the Defendant, and that the said costs were taxed in the said Cause of 1693, and not in the Cause of 1702. That your Petitioner's complaint therefore is against the Lord Harcourt, and late Master of the Rolls, for the last Commitment. For that the Master of the Rolls before the last Arrest and Commitment of your Petitioner actually to Prison, finding your Petitioner insisting that it was Games of Tregare and not your Petitioner that was the Defendant in the Cause in which the costs were taxed, and that your Petitioner therefore after he had been discharged of his first Imprisonment upon the Return of his Habeus Corpus sued out of the Queen's Bench ; had com- menced his Action at Law, and was near his Tryal of the same against the said Watters for his said conspiracy and practice in procuring of the said first Imprisonment of your Petitioner, and for £3000 Damages he had thereby sustained, including 18 220 months false Imprisonment and other consequences thereof, Did advise an Accommodation with your Petitioner, which taking no effect, did soon after commit your Petitioner a second time to Prison, and was so severe against your Petitioner, that he would suffer neither his evidence, though Testimonies of Kecord of the Court, to be Eead, nor in any wise admit him to make his Defence, and to prove that he was not the Defendant, or to shew that there was neither a valid Oath or Cause in Court to justify the Commitment. Whereas your Petitioner, with most humble submission to your Honours, doth insist that by the Statute of the 9th Henry 3, cap. 29, 5 Edw. 3, cap. 9, no man shall be imprisoned without positive Oath, and not then without being admitted to Answer, and to make his Defence ; and Answer no man can, where neither his Counsel nor himself can be heard, nor his Evidence read in Court. And against the Lord Harcourt first, for not expressing in the Warrant, as it is by Law required, the cause of the commit- ment of your Petitioner, fully, certainly, and truly (as was for not paying costs for another of his name). And secondly, for Denying your Petitioner the Benefit of the Writs of Habeus Corpus, and Idemptitate nominis, which being Writs of Eight, and your Petitioner thereby Believable, were not in a Civil Cause, upon surmise of a Contempt, or any such Pretence, to be denied : nor is any man to depart from the King's Court without Eelief [vide 13 Edw. L, cap. 50). And thirdly, for his Lordship's granting an Injunction, where no such Injunction as was granted, nor none other, by Law, did lie, as appears by divers Acts, and Concurrent Petitions of Parliament, and the Articles against Cardinal Woolsey ; and for granting the same after your Petitioner had served Witnesses, and was within One Day of his Tryal, thereby keeping your Petitioner from proceeding to Judgment, for Security of his Damages, and from proving that the said Watters was neither a Plaintiff nor your Petitioner a Defendant in the said Cause in \sliich the said costs were taxed, and the said Watters own 221 Complaint of the vast Expense of £3000 that he had been at, and his own Confession and Saying, that it was in favour of the said Games of Tregare (who had been formerly damnified £40 besides his Confinement by another prosecution of the said Watters, upon another false Oath made by one Lewis Philips, who afterwards had been found guilty of the perjury) Whereas in Truth it was for fear he should take his action against him the said Watters for that Prosecution, but more particularly designedly to destroy your Petitioner in his Person to prevent his Discovery of the perjury and other ill practices against the said Games of Tregare in the said Cause of 1693. And fourthly, for his Lordship's continuing of your Petitioner Imprisoned, and the said Lij unction a foot, after the Motion of the 21st December, 1711, and notwithstanding at that Motion the Deposition of one Ellis Roberts, by which he swore only to his Belief, and all other the false suggestions insisted upon on the said Watters behalf, were so manifestly disproved by the report of Sir Richard Holford, that the said Lord Harcourt himself declared. That it was apparent that your Petitioner was not the Defendant. Nevertheless, and although his Lordship was informed that the real Defendant Games of Tregare was then living, and that it was evident by the said report. Certificate and Order of Dismission, that the Bill of 1C93, which was the Cause in which the costs had been taxed, had been filed nine years before the Bill of 1702, and that the last was dismissed with costs to your Petitioner, and that there was neither valid Oath, nor Cause in Court to justify the Commitment, or to support the said Lij unction. Yet could not his Lordship be prevailed upon to Dissolve the said Injunction, nor to Grant your Petitioner the said Writ of Indemnity ; but to delay your Petitioner, referred the matter, thougli long before reported, as aforesaid, to be de novo certified of Mr. Fellows, one of the present Masters of the said Court ; and upon a subsequent Motion, made the 7th day of February following, on the behalf of the said Watters, to discharge the said Order of Reference to 222 the said Mr. FeJows ; not only admitted tlie said false Oath and dismissed Bill, that appeared to be false and dismissed as afore- said, to be given in Evidence against your Petitioner, but was so intemperately violent, that he would suffer neither the Honble. Sir William Whitlock, and Sir Francis Page, and Mr. Kettleby, your Petitioner's Counsel, and the same that was upon the former Motion, nor your Petitioner to object to the Illegality of the said Practice, and Falsity of the said Oath and Evidence, nor would he then permit your Petitioner's Evidence, nor ever since, any Petition of your Petitioner's for the said Writs of Eight to be Eead in Court, nor suffer him to insist. That there was not any Oath made that the said Watters was intituled to the said costs, nor publish Commissions that are in that Court, and undeniable Evidence in your Petitioner's case, as by his Affidavit appears ; nor admit your Petitioner to show how there was incerted in the Order, £45 6s. 8d., subsequent costs, without serving your Petitioner, or having any Keport of the same as your Petitioner ever knew of, but instantly discharged his said own Order of the 21st December before : And continued your Petitioner Imprisoned, and the said Injunction a foot, so as your Petitioner could neither secure his Damages by proceeding to Judgment against the said Watters in his life-time, nor prove, that he was not the Defendant to obtain his Liberty : Which severity being observed, your Petitioner could never since have any Counsel to be concerned for him ; nor would other Courts, your Petitioner applyed himself unto, grant him any Belief, but insisted that they could not examine your Petitioner's case upon a Habeus Corpus, which your Petitioner humbly conceives to be expressly contrary to both the Eesolutions of Parliament, in the Third and Fourth of Car. I., and the Habeus Corpus Act. Wherefore, and for that your Petitioner has failed of Eelief from other Courts, and for Five Years and Nine Months last past has remained, and still doth remain Imprisoned in the Fleet Prison, to the irreparable Destruction of his health, and to the utter Euin of his Estate and Family, defeated of his said £3000 Damages, by the death of the said Watters, before Judg- ment obtamed against him, by reason of the granting and illegally continuing a foot of the said Injunction, unless relieved by the justice of this Honourable House, so eminently intrusted to secure the Liberties and Persons of the Subjects from being Destroyed by an undue Administration of the Laws, and the violent proceedings of such as are in judicial authority, and above the reach of the ordinary Courts of Justice. For which several Reasons, and for that it is evident to your Honours, that your Petitioner is Believable by Parliament only, for that the said Watters being dead as aforesaid, no other Court can oblige the said Lord Harcourt to make good the said £3000 Damages for the first 18 Months, and for the Satisfaction for his last Five Years and Nine Months wrong Imprisonment- May it therefore please your Honours, in this unexampled oppressive and wilful Violation of the Right of the Subject, to exert your Jurisdiction, and in such a special manner as your Honours in your great wisdom and justice shall think fit, to oblige the said Lord Harcourt to make good the same ; and moreover to order forthwith the Publication of the said Com- missions in the said Court, and in your Petitioner's Affidavit .mentioned, that the latent Cause that occasioned the said Watters proceedings against your Petitioner may be made apparent to your Honours. And further, that your Petitioner may be instantly admitted to his Liberty, to solicit his Cause, and personally to attend the Proof of the Allegations of his Petition, to answer all evasive Arguments that may now be devised to excuse the said Proceedings, for that no Counsel for fear of disobliging the said Court Will, and for uncertainty of what may be offered Can be instructed to answer the same ; and that your Honours will be pleased to grant your Petitioner, reduced by this last long Imprisonment, the Benefit of the Act made the 4th H. 7, cap 12, and Summons to serve Witnesses. And your Petitioner shall ever pray, etc. Edward Games. , {2'q be continued). 224 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LOCAL AND COUNTY HISTORIES RELATING TO WALES AND MONMOUTH. [Concluded from Page 216.] St. David's ; its Early History and Present State, by an Ecclesiologist. Entered at Stationer's Hall. Plates. Demy 12mo. 42 pp. London : Bemrose and Sons, Paternoster Row ; and Irongate, Derby. 1868. St. David's, the Cathedral of SS. Andrew and David, by Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, B.D., F.R.S.L., F.S.A., Precentor and Prebendary of Chichester Cathedral. Demy 8vo. 18 pp. Printed by R. Mason, High street, Tenby, n.d. Eeprinted from the " Cambrian Journal," 1864, p. 329. ST. DON AT' S... Thirteen Views of the Castle of St. Donat's, Glamorganshire, with a notice of the Stradling family. 4to. Shrewsbury. 1871. STRATA FLORID A... Strata Florida Abbey, Cardiganshire, by Rev. G. Roberts. 8vo. 1848. SWANSEA... The New Swansea Guide. History of Town and Castle. Map. 12mo. Swansea. 1823. A Description of Swansea and its Environs 5 comprehending everything worthy of notice, for the information of the stranger. A new and improved edition. Demy 12mo. iv.-76 pp. Swansea: Printed and sold by F. Fagg, 21, Wind street, and may be had of all other Booksellers. 1826. Said to be written by W. Jones. Contributions towards a History of Swansea, by , Lewis W. Dillwyn, F.R.S., etc.. President of the Royal Institu- tion of South Wales, and Mayor of Swansea. Frontispiece. Royal 8vo. 72 pp. Printed by Murray and Rees, Swansea. 1840. Account of the Free Grammar School, Swansea, by G. G. Francis. Plates. Royal 8vo. 1845. 300 copies only printed. The Swansea Guide ; compiled from the most authentic sources, forming an instructive companion to strangers visiting Swansea, the Mumbles, and the various interesting localities of the neighbourhood ; with historical and topographical remarks, by John Lewis, reporter to " The Cambrian " news- paper. Plan and plate. Demy 12mo. 72 pp. Swansea : 225 Published by William Mathias Brewster ; sold also by the Misses Jenkins, Library, Wind street ; T. E. Davies, Castle street ; and the leading Booksellers in the Principality. 1851. Charters Granted to Swansea, the Chief Borough of the Seignory of Gower, in the Marches of Wales, and county of Glamorgan. Translated, illustrated, and edited by George Grant Francis, Esq. Portraits, maps, seals, arms. Folio. 18G7. One hundred copies only privately published. The Tourists' Companion in Swansea, the Mumbles, and Gower. A Guide for Strangers. Map. Demy 12mo. Printed at the '* Cambrian " Office, Wind street, Swansea. 1871. Short History of Swansea Castle, with notices of its Lord and Governors. Plate. 8vo. Swansea. 1879. Probably written by W. H. Jones, as about this time he published a work of this character. Our Great Ports : Swansea. Keprinted from the " Nautical Magazine," November, 1873, with additional trade statistics to date. Plans and maps. Demy 8vo. 20 pp. Printed by Pewtress and Co., 15, Great Queen street, Lincoln's Inn Field, London. 1881. The Smelting of Copper in the Swansea District of South Wales, from the time of Elizabeth to the present day, by Col. F. Grant-Francis, F.S.A., Justice of the Peace for the County of Glamorgan, and Borough of Swansea ; Vice-president of the Eoyal Listitution of South Wales ; Corresponding Member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and the Welsh MSS. Society; Author of "Swansea Charters"; "Neath and its Abbey " ; " Memoir of Henry de Gower, Bishop of St. David's " ; etc., etc. " Of the entire make of copper in Great Britain, fully nine-tenths appear to be smelted in the Sw^ansea district." — Phillips. Second Edition. Illustrated. Demy 4to. X.-193 pp. Henry Sotheran and Co., London and Manchester. 1881. The first edition was published in 1867, and limited to fifty copies. ST. WINEFEED'S WELL...D. W. Linden's Chalybeat Waters, with description of St. Winefi-ed's Well, in Flintshire, also of the springs in the neighbourhood. Plates. 8vo. 1748. TENBY.. .Etchings of Tenby, including many ancient edifices which have been destroyed, and intended to illustrate the most striking peculiarities in Early Flemish Architecture ; wath a short account of that town, and the principal buildings in the neighbourhood, by Charles Norris, Esq. Eoyal 8vo. v.-84 pp. Sold by John Booth, Duke street, Portland Place, London. 1812. 226 An Account of Tenby, containing an Historical Sketch of the Place, compiled from the best authorities, and a description of its present state, from recent observations ; with particular notice of the various objects of interest in the vicinity. Demy 12mo. 185 pp. Pembroke : Printed by W. Wilmot, for John Treble, Pembroke and Tenby. Sold also by Mecsrs Long- man, Hurst, Kees, Orme, and Brown, London. 1818. An Account of Tenby, containing an Historical Sketch of the Place, and a particular notice of the various objects of interest in its vicinity. Coloured map and six plates, after C. Norris. Small 8vo. Pembroke. 1820. Guide to Tenby and its Neighbourhood, by Mary A. Bourne. 12mo. Carmarthen. 1843. Sketches of Tenby and its Neighbourhood, an historical and descriptive guide to all the chief places of interest in the vicinity, by Fanny Price Gwynne. Second Edition. Map. Demy 12mo. 187 pp. Tenby: E. Mason, High street. 1852. The first edition was published at Tenby in 1846. An Historical Sketch of Tenby, compiled from the best authorities, and a description of its present state. By Charles Norris, Esq. Second Edition, with an Appendix, con- taining a guide to the principal places of interest in the Neighbourhood. Frontispiece. Demy 12mo. 148 pp. Tenby : E. Mason, High street. 1856. Tenby ; a Seaside Holiday, by P. H. Gosse. With 24 coloured plates. Crown 8vo. Van Voorst. London. 1856. Tales and Traditions of Tenby. Steel engravings. Demy 12mo. V.-160 pp. Tenby : E. Mason, High street. London : Piper, Stephenson, and Spence, Paternoster Eow. 1858. An edition, Foolscap 8vo., was also published the same year, the only variation being- poorer paper, and woodcut illustrations which are not the same as the steel engravings, otherwise precisely the same as the larger edition. Tenby and its Vicinity, by Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. With 43 woodcut illustrations. Small 4to. 92 pp. James S. Virtue, City Eoad and Ivy Lane, London. 1861. The above will also be found in "The Book of South Wales, the Wye, and the Coast," by Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. PubUshed 1861. Commencing at p. 3J9 and ending at p. 492. Historical Description of Tenby, by the Eev. J. Boyd Smith. 12mo. n.d. Tenby, by Charles Henry Hartshorne. See Cambrian Journal for 1861, p. 245. 227 Allen's Guide to Tenby, with Map, containing fully descriptive and ancient historical notices of Tenby, and all the castles, churches, and scenery within a day's tour ; with many other notices interesting to antiquarians and tourists. Edited by Mrs. F. P. Gwynne. Photographs. Crown 8vo. 187 pp. London : W. Kent and Co., Paternoster Row. C. S. Allen, Tredegar House, Tenby. A Guide to Tenby and its Neighbourhood, by R. Mason. Sixth Edition. Woodcuts. Foolscap 8vo. 240 pp. Tenby : R. Mason, High street. London : Edward Stanford, n.d. Abel Heywood's Guide to Tenby. 12mo. Man- chester, n.d. A Handbook to Tenby, being a Guide to it and all places of interest in the neighbourhood, by John Davenport Mason. Foolscap 8vo. About 1870. A second edition was also published. TINTERN...Tinterne and its Vicinity, by W. H. Thomas, M.R.C.S. Foolscap 8vo. xiii.-168 pp. London : Hamilton, Adams, and Co., Paternoster Row. J. Chilcott, Wine street, Bristol. 1839. TINTERN ABBEY... Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the Ancient and Present State of Tintern Abbey, including a variety of other particulars, deserving the stranger's notice, relating to that much admired ruin and its neighbourhood, the whole never before published. Collected from original papers and unquestionable authorities, by Charles Heath, Printer, Monmouth. Demy 8vo. 112 pp. Printed and sold by him in the Market-place ; sold also at all the Towns in the County. 1806. Very many editions of this work were published — 1793, 1803, 1810. The edition of 1828 contained plates, and 12mo in size. Tintern Abbey and other Poems, by Clericus. Small 8vo. 1800. See Clarke's Guide to Chepstow. 1830. Tintern Abbey, or Beauties of Piercefield ; a Poem. In four books. Interspersed with illustrative notes, by Edward Collins. Demy 12mo. X.-160 pp. Chepstow : Printed for the Author, and sold at his Residence, near the Churchyard, and by all the principal Booksellers in Town and Country, n.d. (circa) 1830. Tintern Abbey and its Founders, with Descriptions of the Monastic Buildings, by J. Taylor. Plates. 8vo. 1869. TO WYN... Observations on St. Cadfan's Stone, at Towyn, by Westwood and Williams. Plate. 8vo. Tenby. 1850. 228 Abel Heywood's Guide to Towyn. 12mo, Manchester, n.d. TKEFEIW... Guide to Trefriw and the Vale of Conway, by Hayward. 12mo. 1872. USK...Usk and the Neighbourhood, containing a description of the castle, priory, church, corporation, charities, fishery, etc., walks in the vicinity, Eaglan Castle, etc. Edited by J. H. Clark. Plates. Foolscap 8vo. 184 pp. Printed at the " Observer " Office, Usk. 1856. VALE OF CONWAY... See Hayward's Guide to Trefriw. 1872. VALE OF CLWYD... Hand-book for the Vale of Clwyd : containing a topographical and historical description of the Towns of Khyl, Abergele, Saint Asaph, Denbigh, and Euthin ; with all the adjacent villages, castles, mansions, churches, monuments, antiquities, picturesque scenery, and every object of attraction in that beautiful and far-famed vale. Compiled from authentic sources and personal observations, as a general guide for the information of visitors and residents, by William Davies, Jesus College. Plates and map. Crown 8vo. xiv.-192 pp. Euthin : published by Isaac Clarke. London : W. H. Smith and Son, Strand ; Hughes and Butler, St. Martin's-le-grand. Liverpool : G. Phillips and Son ; and all country Booksellers. 1856. Old Stone Crosses of the Vale of Clwyd and neighbouring parishes, together with some account of the ancient manners and customs, and legendary lore connected with the parishes, by the Eev. Elias Owen, M.A. Illustrated with engravings on copper and wood. Demy 4to. 247 pp. Publishers : Bernard Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, London, W. ; and Woodall, Minshall, and Co., Oswestry and Wrexham. 1886. VALLE CEUCIS ABBEY...S. and G. Nicholson's Plas Newydd and Valle Crucis Abbey. Plates. 1824. An Account of Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbighshire, by the Eev. John Williams, A.M., Perpetual Curate of Nerquis, in the Diocese of St. Asaph. Plate. Demy 8vo. 16 pp. W. Pickering, 177, Piccadilly, London. 1846. Reprinted from the Archeeologia Cambrensis, No. 1. 1846. An Account of Valle Crucis Abbey and Castle Dinas Bran, the chief ancient curiosities in the vicinity of Llangollen. Foolscap 8vo. 8 pp. Hugh Jones, Prmter and Publisher, Llangollen, n.d. Valle Crucis Abbey, its Origin, and Foundation Charter, by M. 0. Jones. 8vo. London. 1866. 229 Brief Account of the Abbey of Valle Crucis, by the Eev. P. B. Wilhams. 12mo. Carnarvon, n.d. WELSHPOOL... Reminiscences connected with Welshpool, by M. C. Jones. 8vo. 1864. This little work was privately published. WHITEFORD...The History of the Parish of Whiteford and Holywell (by Thomas Pennant). Plates. Demy4to. viii.- 328 pp. Printed for B. and J. White, Fleet street. 1796. WILTON. ..See Charles Heath's Account of Boss, etc. 1799. WREXHAM... Wrexham and its Neighbourhood: being a history of the Town and guide to the principal objects of interest within a circuit of 8 or 10 miles, by John Jones, Esq., solicitor, Wrexham, to which is added a trade directory of W^rexham and the surrounding works. Foolscap 8vo. x.-138pp. Wrexham: Railton Potter, High street. London : Whittaker and Co. 1859. The Town, Fields, and Folk of Wrexham in the time of James the First, with coloured map, by Alfred Neobard Palmer, F.C.S. Demy 8vo. 48 pp. Wrexham : Alfred N. Palmer, 3, Ar-y-bryn Terrace, Earle street. Manchester : Henry Gray, Antiquarian and Topographical Bookseller, 25, Cathedral Yard. 1883? The History of the Parish Church of Wrexham, by Alfred Neobard Palmer, F.C.S. Demy 8vo. Wrexham. 1887. WYE... The Excursion down the Wye from Ross to Monmouth, comprehending historical and descriptive accounts of Wilton and Goodrich Castles ; also the Court Field, the nursery of King Henry V., with a variety of amusing circumstances, particularly memoirs and anecdotes of the life of John Kyrle, the Man of Ross. By Charles Heath, Printer, Monmouth. Demy 8vo. 1790. Among the many editions that were published of this work are 1808, 1815, and 1826. A Tour of the River Wye and its Vicinity, nearly a hundred years ago. 12mo. Chester. 1798. Taylor's Guide to the Banks of the Wye. Plates. 12mo. 1853. Banks of the Wye, and other Poems. Small 8vo. 1846. The River Wye, and its Associated Scenery and Ruins, by W. H. Thomas. 8vo. 1845. The Banks of the Wye : a Poem. In four books. By Robert Bloomfield, author of " The Farmer's Boy." Frontis- piece and Plates. Foolscap 8vo. vii.-134 pp. London : Printed 230 for the Author : Vcrnor, Hood, and Sharpe, Poultry ; and Longman, Hurst, Eees, Orme, and Browne, Paternoster Kow. 1811. The Banks of the Wye : a Poem. In Four Books. By Eobert Bloomfield, author of " The Farmer's Boy," etc. Second Edition. Corrected. Plates. Foolscap 8vo. 133 pp. London : Printed for B. and E. Crosby and Co. Longman, Hurst, Kees, Orme, and Browne; John Walker; Barton and Hervey ; and the Author. 1813. The Wye Tour, or Gilpin on the Wye, with historical and archaeological additions, especially illustrations of Pope's Man of Boss, and copious accounts (now for the most part first published) of Boss, Goodrich Castle, Monmouth, the Buckstone, Tintern Abbey, Lancant, Beachley Passage, Chepstow and Castle, Caerwent, Caldecot Castle, Portskewid, Trelleck, Eaglan Castle, Fair Kosamond, etc., etc., by the Eev. T. D. Fosbrooke, M.A., F.A.S., author of " British Monachism," The History of Gloucestershire," Illustrations of the Townley Statues," "Abridgement of Whitby's Commentary," etc. Plates. Foolscap 8vo. viii.-154 pp. Eoss : Printed for and sold by W. Farrar ; sold also by Tudor, Monmouth ; Washbourne, Gloucester ; Allen, Parker, and T. B. Watkins, Hereford; and by Messrs. Baldwin, Cradock, and Jay, London. 1818. ^ The Wye Tour, comprising a few historical and geological notes on the river from Plynlimmon to Chepstow, with many objects of interest on its banks, togethar with a History of Eoss and its vicinity, to which is added an account of the Life of John Kyrle, the " Man of Eoss." A New Illustrated Edition, revised, improved, and enlarged, by the Editor of the *' Eoss Gazette." Map and woodcuts. Crown 8vo. iv.-107 pp. Printed and published by William Hill, Steam Printing Works, *' Gazette " Office, Eoss. n.d. YSTEADFFIN.-.Ystradffin, a Descriptive Poem, with an Appendix, containing historical and explanatory notes, by Mrs. Bowen. Demy 8vo. iv.-189 pp. London : Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans ; Llandovery : W. Eees. 1839. FISHGUAED...A Guide to Fishguard, by W. Griffiths, Fishguard. 1887. EHUDDLAN— Ehuddlan Castle and Caerhun. Plates. See the Archaaologia for 1809. Henry Black^miill. New York. 231 SALE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LATE EDWARD BREESE, ESQ., F.S.A., OF PORTMADOC. The library collected together during life by this well-known Welsh antiquarian was sold by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge (the well-known book auctioneers), at their rooms, 13, Wellington street, Strand, London, on Thursday, May 31st. The library was a very representative one— ^o far as Welsh books were concerned, and numbered 373 lots. The sale of a collector's library, the intermittent and valuable acquisitions of a life-time perhaps, has a sad as well as an interesting side. One generation collects, the next disperses. And in these days of so-called Welsh Nationalism, it is a thousand pities that a collec- tion of Welsh works, like this one, should have been dispersed at all. Why could not our principal representative men have acquired the library intact for one of the Welsh National Colleges ? However, here the fact remains : that the interesting acquisitions of a life-time have been dispersed to all parts of the country, even including America. The prices realized throughout were fairly good, although there was no sensational " running up." Compared with the sale of the late Canon Williams's library in 1881, and the late Mr. Askew Koberts's books in 1885, we sliould say the Breese Collection shows the greatest firmness in fetching good all-round prices. The late Mr. Edward Breese, of Morva Lodge, Portmadoc, died on the 10th of March, 1881, at the comparatively early age of 45. He was a most accurate and painstaking searcher in antiquarian fields, and this is at once evident in his Kalcndars of Gwynedd (published in 1873), and he was a constant contributor to Bye-Gones, a column started in the year 1871, by the late Mr. Askew Eoberts, in the Oswestry Advertiser. Mr. Breese was also the corresponding secretary for Merionethshire of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, and a contributor to the pages of the 232 ArchcBologia Camhrensis, the quarterly journal of that Society. The Powysland Club also claimed him as a member, and he was an occasional contributor to its Montgomery sJiire Collections. Therefore, from these facts alone, it may well be understood that the late Mr. Breese, a thorough and cultured Welsh scholar, would possess a good and varied library, and among the plums " of his collection must be placed in the front rank among the " rarest of rare books " connected with the Principality, the possession of what is all but unique, a perfect copy of Salesbury's Welsh Testament ; also some specially rare Welsh grammars and MSS., and also many county histories : Ormerod's Cheshire^ Eyton's Shropshire, Owen and Blakeway's Shrewsbury, the Archceologia Camhrensis volumes, the Montgomeryshire Collections, a unique collection of Covent Garden Play Bills, and the library was especially strong in Welsh Bibles and Testaments, although many of them were sadly imperfect. The library of the Historian of Brecknockshire, the late Theophilus Jones, which was sold in Brecon in 1812 — seventy- six years ago — contained many of the works included in Mr. Breese's collection, and the prices realized on the 31st May last show a steady, although not an alarming advance. For instance, a copy of Meyrick's Cardiganshire sold in 1812 for £2 2s., four years after publication, and to-day it only fetches £8 — the exact price fetched in 1886 at Mr. John Humphreys' book sale at the Music Hall, Shrewsbury. Fenton's Pembrokeshire 75 years ago realized 28s., and in May last 39s. ; in 1812 Williams' Monmouthshire fetched more money, viz., 35s., as against 32s. for Mr. Breese's copy, and at Canon Williams's sale in 1881, a copy fetched 47s. Jones's Brecknockshire, however, only fetched £3 3s. at its author's sale in 1812, and another copy only £2 17s., whereas Mr. Breese's copy fetched £7, and the writer of this sketch sold a nice copy some eight years ago for £8 10s. The latter work is undoubtedly the best of all Welsh County Histories, and hence its increased value when submitted to public competition. Coxe's Monmouth- 233 shire only fetched 32s. at this sale, as against 36s. at the late Canon WilHams's sale in 1881, but in 1812 Mr. Theophilus Jones' copy produced £3. The late Mr. Askew Eoberts' set of Montgomeryshire Collections, 16 vols., from commencement to end of 1884, fetched Mil 5s., whilst Mr. Breese's set, 13 volumes only, from 1868 to 1880, and 11 numbers, were knocked down to Mr Sotheran for £11, showing a substantial increase in value. A copy of Gwillim's Display of Heraldry, sold in 1812 for 33s., in 1886, at Mr. Joseph Humphreys' sale, 63s. ; Mr. Breese's copy fetched £2 lis. (both the latter we believe the sixth and most coveted edition). Tanner's Notitia Monastica, in 1812 fetched 38s., in 1888 58s. Mr. Theophilus Jones' copy of Speed's Great Britaine, 1632 edition, fetched 20s., while Mr Breese's somewhat damaged folio copy of 1627, together with two other old folio Histories of England, with splendid portraits in these two latter volumes, only realized 15s. A folio copy of Dr. John David Ehys' famous Welsh Grammar of 1592 sold at Mr. Breese's sale for £2 lis., whereas we heard the other day of a copy that sold for £10, and a Bangor bookseller in 1880 priced it at £20 ! But, on the other hand, Theophilus Jones' copy, which must have been a good one, fetched only 12s., and we heard of a gentleman picking up a capital whole copy for 5s. in Shrewsbury some little time ago. This great work, printed in Latin and Welsh, was published at the expense of Sir Edward Stradling, of St. Donat's Castle, Glamorganshire, and the edition consisted of 1,250 copies. A copy, incomplete, was sold at Brecon some few years ago for £5. In 1812 Davies' Mythology fetched 9s. 6d. ; the Breese copy, 20s. ; Celtic Researches, by the same author, who was the intimate friend of Theophilus Jones, the earlier Historian of Brecknockshire, fetched 15s, at the Breese sale, and in 1812, 12s. 6d. A copy of Jeffrey of Monmouth's History of Britain, with two other interesting volumes on Celtic lore, brought only 5s. at the Breese sale, while Jeffrey alone fetched more money seventy -five years ago. We have given those contrasting prices more with the object 234 of finding out, if it can be found out, what are the reliable quaMties of the old book trade. Some classes of literature during the past fifty years have greatly advanced in price, principally, of course, because the *' knocking-about " copies of the early editions are getting few and far between. This is the case with Dr. David Ehys's Welsh Grammar of Elizabethan days, for although the comparatively large edition of 1,250 copies was issued, good copies turn up very seldom. Suppose there are fifty copies in existence, what an interesting chapter of bibliographical history it would be to trace the lost and odd 1,200 impressions ! It seems to us that the two greatest factors in the life and value of any old book sought after are its condition and edition. People will have fiy^st editio7is, let them be sumptuous or let them be bare, and thus, to a certain extent, an artificially-enhanced price is the natural consequence. But, to give up this moralizing strain, let us at once commence to give some account of the Breese sale, taking the large army of octavos seriatim. The sale commenced punctually at one o'clock, and the hammer was wielded by Mr. Hodge. The first lot of four volumes was knocked down to Mr. Bernard Quaritch, the prince among antiquarian booksellers, for one guinea. A good start ! For generally the first dozen lots fetch the usual shilling or half-crown. Five shillings and threepence each for four imper- fect and edge-cut-in Welsh books, comprising Alleine's Hyfforddwr Cyfarwydd i'r Nefoedd 1693, Gouge's Gweithredoedd Da ac Elusenau 1698, New Testament and Psalms 1654, and Agoriad Paradwys i'r Cymru 1670. The second lot was a big lot, consisting of a somewhat incomplete set of the four series of Archaeologia Cambrensis, with Celtic Eemains by Lewis Morris, Surveys of Gower and Kilvey 1870, Baronia de Kemeys and Gwentian Chronicle of Caradoc 1863 ; Mr. Quaritch secured these for a level £16. Twenty-seven volumes comprised Lot 3, and were knocked down for 18s. to Mrs. Bennett, 282 High Holborn, and included twenty sermons and the thirty-nine Articles ! Ab Ithel's Baraddas, one of the publications of the defunct Welsh 235 MSS. Society, and issued by that prince among Welsh printers, the late William Eees, of Tonn — 9s., Mr. Downing. Gerftral Jones secured Barzaz-Breiz, Soutliey's Madoc, Orchard's Collection of Epitaphs, and other odd volumes, for 17s., whereas three imperfect 17th century Welsh Bibles (and, alas ! most of the Welsh Bibles were imperfect at this sale) followed for 19s., and Mr. Eidler secured another imperfect lot of Bibles for one guinea, among the number two copies printed at Trefecca, in Breconshire 1790, and another lot of Bibles, Sermons, Dic- tionaries, and what not, 19 vols., were knocked down for 9s., including Bibles in the Irish, Manx, and Breton languages, and Mr. Quaritch paid for A. Le Gonidec's Breton Bible, marked ** rare," only lis. Mr. Walford paid 16s. for four years' numbers of the Journal of the British Archaeological Association. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, 10s., Harding; nine volumes followed to Mr. Eidler for 13s., including Vavasour Powell's Christ and Moses' Excellency 1650. Several Cambrian Journals and Magazines, the fruits of past home literary ventures, were then sold, as follows : The Cambrian Journal, issued from Tenby, 1854-63, under the auspices of the Cambrian Institute, 10 vols, in 5, 36s., Mr. Eidler ; Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Eepository, 1829-33, 5 vols., 36s., Mr. Downing; Cambrian Eegister, complete, 1795-1818, scarce, 44s., Mr. Moses ; the Cambro-Briton, 3 vols., 31s., Mr. Eidler. Lot 18 included Caradoc's History of Wales, 1812, printed at Merthyr Tydfil ; the Eev. Thomas Price's (Carnhuanawc's) Hanes Cymru, printed at Crickhowell in 1842 and subsequent years, and the Eev. John Jones's History of Wales, 1824, with portrait of the author, and several Welsh *' Tours," (which were remarkably fashionable at the close of the 18th and commencement of the 19th centuries), were sold for a fairly cheap lot. Jones's Wales was quite recently the subject of notice and criticism in Bye-Gones (Caxton Press, Oswestry), and regarding Hanes Cymru, we had a long chat with the printer of that well-known Welsh work a few years ago, and he let us into many interesting 236 tilings regarding " Carnhuanawc." Alas! Carnliuanawc " and •his venerable publisher are now no more : the bard peacefully sleeps in the romantically situated Cwmdu Church- yard, and poor Thomas Williams, his long-suffering printer, who frequently had to wait months and months for copy," now lies free from all the trammels of " press and case " in the Wesley an burial ground at Crickhowell. Eegarding Welsh Tours, temp. 1790-1820, what utter rubbish and twaddle many of them are, of course omitting Malkin and Lewis. The succeeding lot embraced Caradoc's Wales, edited by Wynne 1697, and another copy printed at Shrewsbury 1832, as well as Eoberts's Early History of the Cymru, and the Cambrian Traveller's Guide, fell to Mr. Kidler, of Bookseller's Eow, for 16s. The 1776 reprint ofT. Churchyard's Worthinesse of Wales, quaint Henry Vaughan's (Silurist) Sacred Poems, edition 1858, Talhaiarn's Works, as well as a volume of Welsh Legends, and Francis Quarles's deeply-stirring sacred compositions, were secured by Mr. Howell W. Lloyd for the modest sum of 14s. " Silurist " lies buried in Llansaintfread Churchyard, five miles from Brecon, near his ancestral home (*' Scethrog manor- house"), and the ancestral home, too, of Dr. Vaughan, the accomplished Master of the Temple and present Dean of Llandaff. As the " National " is to be held at Brecon next year, we trust the bards and literati of the Principality will not forget that Breconshire has reared several men and women of note, of whom Carnhuanawc, Silurist, Sir John Price, and Theophilus Jones represent our home poets and historians, and the famous Mrs. Siddons and Dr. Coke the stage and the pulpit. The founder of Jesus College, Oxford, too, was a Breconian. Eegarding Thomas Churchyarde, he was a native of Shrewsbury, co. Salop, and of the first or 1587 edition of his Worthinesse only two perfect copies are known to exist, and the reprint of 1776 is very scarce. Lot 24 — Eikon Basilike, with three fine portraits of Charles I., 8s., Mr. Eidler. Clarendon's Eebellion (Oxford 237 1717), with numerous fine portraits, 0 vols., 16s., Mr. Salisbury. Bingley's, Evans's, Clarke's, and Pratt's Welsh Tours, 7 toIs., 12s., Mr. Eidler. Olive's Ludlow, large paper copy and plates, to Mr. Sotheran for 17s. Mr. Downing secured a fine specimen of Baskerville's noted printing in Lot 28 for 12s. The Baskerville Press specimens are the true heart's delight of every artistically-minded bibliophile, and it may not be generally known that Baskerville was connected by marriage with the Principality, his younger daughter having married one of the Powell's of Bailie, Defynnock, and in this somewhat historic churchyard is to be seen the monument to this lady. Three odd volumes of the earlier Cymmrodorion Society fetched 9s. (Mr, Sotheran), and for 30s. Mr. Quaritch secured a parcel containing odd numbers of Y Cymmrodor, Shropshire Archaeological Society's Transactions, and odd numbers of Welsh magazines. A scarce copy of Llyfr y Kesolusion, bound by F. Bedford in brown morrocco, 1632, with title and some leaves slightly mended, was knocked down to Mr. Eidler for £5 10s., after some brisk bidding. This was originally a Catholic work, and was adopted by Dr. Davies, of Mallwyd, for the use of the members of the Anglican Establishment. Dafydd ab Gwilym's Poems 1789, and lolo Morgan wg's Poems 1794, realized 23s., Mr. Sotheran. Three odd works relating to Welsh History and Literature were secured by Mr. Downing for a crown piece. Mr. Vincent Evans, the secretary to the Cymmrodorion Society, secured a fine copy of Davies 's Celtic Kesearches for 15s., and the same author's companion work, Mythology and Kites of the Druids, fell to Dr. Roberts for one sovereign. A scarce work by Sir John Davies, Nosce Teipsum, 1622, was claimed by Mr. Quaritch for a five-pound note, and the succeeding lot, compris- ing several Welsh works, including the very scarce 1621 edition of Davies's Antique Linguae Britannicae Rudimenta and T. Jones's Welsh and English Dictionary (Shrewsbury, 1777) were sold to Mr, Quaritch for the exceeding low price of 18s. Some 238 Welsh MSS. Sermons went to Mr. Isaac Foulkes, of Liverpool, for a couple of florins, and Mr. Quaritch secured for 39s. twenty- three odd volumes by Welsh authors, several of them having been printed at the Trefecca Press, and among the number was an imperfect copy of Daniel Kowlands's " Traethawd, am Fawr i'r Ddeddf, a Byw i Dduw " (Bristol, 1743). Mr. Sotheran secured the Kev. D. Silvan Evans's edition of Gwalter Mechain's Works, 3 vols., for 15s., and Judge Johnes' English Translation of Dafydd ab Gwilym was sold to Mr. Palgrave for 16s., and Mr. Eidler secured Dibdin's Library Companion for lis. Another of the Welsh MSS. Society's publications, printed at Llandovery, in 1856, an ancient Welsh Grammar, with notes by Ab Ithel, fell to Mr. Owen for half a sovereign. A English and Welsh Dictionary, printed at Holywell in 1850, by Caervallwch, was sold to Mr. Downing for 7s., and Mr. Foulkes secured some volumes of Yr Efangylydd for 12s. A lot of thirteen small Welsh volumes fell to Mr. Scarce for £2 148., which led the auctioneer to observe "that the lot was not rare, but scarce ;" they were of a theological cast, and included Theophilus Evans's Drych y Prif Oesoedd, Merthyr edition 1833, and a work by the Welsh prophet Az. Shadrach, of whom we have heard a good deal lately in Bye-Gones, and a life of whom has been published by the Eev. Josiah Jones, of Machynlleth. Theophilus Evans, the author of " Drych," was the grandfather of Theophilus Jones, the Breconshire Historian, and lies buried at Llangam- march Churchyard, in that county ; he was Vicar of St. David's, Brecon, and subsequently of Llangammarch. Some Elzevirs, a precious lot to admirers of the art and style of printing, went to Mr. Downing (10 vols.), at the dirt- cheap price of 17s. General Jones bought Silvan Evans's English and Welsh Dictionary, Denbigh edition. Mr. Silvan Evans's new dictionary will not, we should think, at the present rate of progress, be completed in the waning years of this century. Fifteen volumes, mostly Welsh poetic specimens, including Llywarch Hen's Elegies, with Ab Ithel's translation of 239 Aneurin's Y Godoclin, and the 1776 edition of Cliurchyarde'a Wortbinesse of Wales fell to Mr. Eidler for 2Gs., and that gentleman also purchased the five volumes embracing Lot 51, works on Welsh etymology, and well worth three times the amount (10s.) paid for them. (To be continued). The Editor. THE BIRTHPLACE OF JAMES HOWEL. The note appended on p. 186, June number of O.W.O.," stating that James Howel was born at Bryn, Carmarthenshire, the birthplace of the noted Kev. James Owen, is surely erroneous. *' Borderer " must have confounded Cefn Bryn with Bryn. The former is in Breconshire. Theophilus Jones, the earlier Brecon- shire Historian, and the late Canon Williams are my authorities. Jones writes : — " That voluminous writer and eccentric wan- ** derer, James Howel, author of the Epistolcs HoeliancB, *' Dodonas Grove, etc., etc., was born at Cefnbryn, in this parish [Llangammarcli] , as was his elder brother, Thomas Howel, *' Bishop of Bristol. The father, Thomas Howel, was curate of Llangammarcli from 1576 to 1631, when he was presented to *' the living of Abernant and Cynvilgaio, in Carmarthenshire ; he married a grand-daughter of Chantor Huet, of Llanafanfawr." • — p. 270, Vol. 11. This statement is borne out in Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 220, where it states that Howel was born at Cefnbryn, Llangammarcli, in the year 1594. HiSTORICUS. 240 EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY (PAST & PRESENT). [By the Editok.] Welshmen have no reason to complain that their influence, their distinguishing characteristics, and in some instances their conspicuous ability, have not had due weight attached to them in the realm of our National Life, and we use the term National Life in its broadest signification — the life of Great Britain. During this century Wales has given to the nation statesmen and diplomatists not a few, and commercial and philanthropic minds many. In literature Wales has had many shining lights during the present century, and in this series of papers we propose giving cameo clusters" of our best and most representative men. The sketches must necessarily be brief and imperfect, because if we unduly enlarged on the life of each, well, we should want a thick volume at our disposal to do justice to the theme. And in these sketches we are neither going to be bound by rule or order of procedure. Just as the names come up in the mind, we will jot down a few particulars of each life, and if our readers wish to follow up the theme, they will find ample information in special works. Neither shall we observe any alphabetical order. And the term " Welshman " will comprehend the lives of men who have not only passed their manhood among the hills and valleys of Wales, but have otherwise identified themselves with the aspirations and life of the Principality. Lord Justice JAMES was a most distinguished lawyer and judge. He was born at Merthyr Tydfil in 1807. He became Q.C., receiving the silk m 1853, and was one of the leaders of the Chancery Bar. In 1868 he was appointed Vice- Chancellor, and knighted by her Majesty. Li 1870 he attained the high dignity of Lord Justice of Appeal, and was sworn in a member of the Privy Council. He was a Liberal in politics, but the great honours of his life were achieved as a judge. He died June 7th, 1881, aged 74, A man Wales has need to be proud of. 241 Lord LLANOYER (Sir Benjamin Hall) was a great advocate and supporter of the 1832 Eeform Bill. For twenty- two years Mr. Hall represented Westminster, and he was created Sir Benjamin Hall in 1838. In 1854 he was selected for the presidency of the newly-organized General Board of Health (now the Local Government Board), and at the same time was sworn- in a member of the Privy Council. In 1855 Lord Palmerston made Sir Benjamin First Commissioner of Works. A peerage was conferred on Sir Benjamin Hall in June, 1859. He died in London, April, 1867. His widow, Lady Llanover, a daughter and co-heiress of Benjamin Waddington, Esq., of Llanover, Monmouthshire, still survives, and is a munificent patron of all essentially Welsh manners and customs, and is a great admirer of the Welsh harp ; her ladyship keeps a harper, and does all she possibly can to foster the old national instrument. Sir BARTLE FRERE was a very distinguished Welshman, who held high office under Her Majesty for many years. He was born at Clydach House, Llanelly, county Brecknock, March 29th 1815, and died at Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon, May 29th, 1884. He was nephew to the well-known scholar, wit, and diplomatist, the late Eight Hon. George Hookham Frere, M.P. He was Chief Commissioner in Scinde from 1850-59 ; in 1859 was sworn a member of the Council of the Governor-General of Calcutta. He was from 1862-66 Governor of Bombay ; and twice received the thanks of Parliament for his able services during the Mutiny. More latterly he was employed as British Representative in South Africa, during the lamentable Zulu War, and afterwards became Governor of the Colony. He took a commendable part during the unfortunate Bombay Famine, and he wrote several works, one on that particular dire and sad calamity. Sir HUGH OWEN rose himself by indomitable persever- ance to one of the highest positions in the confidence of the Welsh nation. On whichever side of his character we look, we see him earnest, thoughtful, kindly, painstaking. Whether as a educa- 242 tionist, philanthropist, or Government official, the characteristics of the man shine forth. He never despised the day of small things and of little deeds, because he instinctively knew that the great things and greater deeds that were to follow depended upon faithful, earnest attention to trivial details. The late Sir Hugh Owen endeared himself to the heart of every Welshman ; he devoted his life unsparingly to ameliorate the condition of the people of Wales. He was one of the earliest promoters of Aber- ystwith College, holding the office of hon. sec. from 1863 to 1878 —a period of 15 years. Sir Hugh was also one of the founders of the Bangor Normal College for the Training of Teachers, and he was instrumental in establishing the Cambrian Association for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, and principally through his labours the Departmental Committee was appointed by Par- liament in the year 1880 to take evidence on the educational condition and wants of Wales. We all know the result : the establishment of the three national colleges on a sound national and financial basis. He was also one of the main instruments in introducing the British School System into Wales. Again, he took a leading part in the revival of the Honourable Cymmro- dorion Society, the National Eisteddfod Association, and the Social Science Section of the National Eisteddfod. A knighthood was conferred on this esteemed Welsh scholar and patriot only a few months before he died, the sad event taking place on Nov. 20th, 1881, in his 78th year. His knighthood, at Mr Gladstone's nomination, by Her Majesty the Queen, was one of the brightest and most popular acts that have been done by Victoria during her long Reign, and was a compliment to the man and to the nation. The Right Hon. CHARLES WATKIN WILLIAMS WYNN was the son of the fourth baronet, sat for the county of Montgomery for half a century, and in 1817 was a candidate for the Speakership of the House of Commons. In 1827 he became a member of the Privy Council and President of the Board of Control. He declined the Governor- Generalship of 243 India ; he became in 1831 Secretary for War in Earl Grey's administration. He filled many other high offices of State. Ho died in September, 1850. Sir GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS was another Welsh Statesman who held office during the present century. He was, under succeeding Liberal Governments, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer and Secretary of State for the Home Department (1859), and he also became Secretary for War. He died at Harpton Court, Eadnor, a county which he long represented, on the 13th April, 1863. The Late Sir WATKIN W. WYNN, of Wynnstay, who had represented Denbighshire for many years, and was called ♦* The Prince in Wales," owing to his vast possessions, died as lately as May 9th, 1885, amid the universal regret of all people. He was a very fair and generous landlord, was tolerant to the Nonconformists, and was a great supporter of all national movements. TWO DISTINGUISHED WELSH BISHOPS.— On the 9th August, 1840, there came into Wales a prelate of the Church of England whose scholarship has covered our little country with literary glory. When Connop Thirl wall was appointed to the vacant See of St. David's our literature received something more than borrowed light. It is said that if Dr. Thirlwall had been made Archbishop of Canterbury, he would have done great honour to the exalted post, but acting upon the old pernicious system — English Bishops for Welsh dioceses," this learned scholar was placed at a great disadvantage when he was made Bishop of St. David's. Still he did much to raise the status of the diocese, and, among other things, he set about learning the Welsh language, which he successfully accomplished, and he is said to have preached fairly well in Welsh — it was classical, if not native. At all events, Thirlwall could read and write Welsh with ease, and he has been known to preach Welsh sermons without the aid of " paper." The opmion of Professor Rhys is 244 " that Bishop Thh^lwall's Welsh is vigorous and classical, " although he sometimes failed to hit the idiom." After the Bishop's death two volumes of his Charges were published. His classical writings were many, valuable, and well-known to scholars. It is to his scholarship that the late Bishop Thirl wall owes his reputation, European in breadth. — Bishop OUivant, of Llandaff, was Vice-Principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, from 1827-43. Although an Englishman, he had composed as many as eighty Welsh sermons. It was in the year 18 i9 he was enthroned Bishop of Llandaff, and he presided over the See for thirty- three years up to his death. Bishop Ollivant was one of the Committee appointed in 1870 for the Eevision of the Old Testament, and during his bishopric the Cathedral of Llandaff was restored at a cost of £30,000, and re-opened in 1869. The rule of Bishops Thirlwall and Ollivant threw quite a lustre over the Established Church in Wales. The Right Hon. GEORGE OSBORNE MORGAN has held office in two of Mr. Gladstone's Administrations, and is a sincere friend and worker for the public good, especially is he a friend to the Principality. He represents a portion of the county of Denbigh. In the last Liberal Administration (1885-6) Mr. Osborne Morgan held the office of Judge Advocate General. He is said to be one of the most gifted classical scholars, and next to Lord Selborne, in the late Cabinet, he was by far and away the most scholarly minister serving her Majesty. He still lives amongst us. Sir SAMUEL W. GRIFFITHS, Q.C., K.C.M.G., until lately Prime Minister of Queensland, is a South Walian. Sir Samuel was in England in April, 1887, attending the Colonial Conference. He is the son of the Eev. E. Griffiths, a former minister of Market Square Congregational Church, Merthyr Tydfil, in which town the ex-Premier of Queensland was born. {To be continued,) 245 WELSH NOTES. NOTES, ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH.— Messrs. Macmillan have issued a new edition, in two volumes, of the works of Arthur Hugh Clougli — the " Thyrsis " of Matthew Arnold. This edition does not differ in any material particular from that published in 1869, under the title of " Poetry and Prose Remains." Although the sweet rhymes of Clough still live, the Poet has departed to a home from whence none ever return. Arthur Hugh Clough was born at Liverpool in 1819, bat the Clouglis have been located in Denbighshire for many generations, and the Poet can consequently be claimed as a son of Wales. Clough was in hearty sympathy with the Tractarian Movement of 1837. The chief founder of this family was Sir Richard Clough, Knight, an enterprising foreign merchant, who built the venerable mansion of Plas Clough, near Denbigh, in 1567. LEEKS ON ST. DAVID'S DAY.— The date of the adop- tion of the leek, as the national emblem of Wales, is placed by tradition as far back as March, 640 ; but none of the Welsh bards allude to it, and the antiquity of the custom of wearing leeks on St. David's day may be fairly disputed. In the Harl^eian MS., No. 1977, written by a Welshman in the time of James I., there is a passage which appears to show that the leek was assumed upon or immediately after the battle of Bosworth Field, by the body guard of Henry VII., who had many Welshmen (his countrymen) about him. The Tudor colours were green and white, and were therefore well represented by the leek. THE LAND OF THE LEEK. Our language is that of Tudor's famed race, In vain for a better you'll seek, And hist'ry has woven a garland of fame, Which encircles the Land of the Leek." Fishguard. W. Griffith. 246 LINES WEITTEN ON A MIDNIGHT SCENE, BY THE STRAITS OF MENAI, WHICH DIVIDE ANGLESEY FEOM CARNARVONSHIRE. From the Morning Post," September 23rd, 1814. On Menai's dark-revolving waves, Which circle Mona's island caves, I oft delight to gaze ; And, as the midnight tempests sweep The troubled waters of the deep, I picture former days. When hollow roars the blast around. And winds in harsh discordance sound, I hear the trumpet bray ; Whilst as the billows wildly beat, And in tumultuous conflict meet, I see the battle fray. And ever and anon, so bright, Is seen the trembling Queen of Night, To shed a transient gleam ; Whilst seems each wave on helm to rear. And flash the lightnings of the spear, Beneath the vivid beam. As billow now on billow piled, To Heav'n aspires, and tosses wild Its whitening surge on high ; Methinks I view, amid the storm, In robes of snow, the Druid form Urge on the battle cry. In death he shouts — " My sons, be brave, Your country, children, altars save," Whilst trembling hangs his breath ; | " Remember Cambria's ancient fame, " And seek in Rome's eternal shame, " Or victory and death." And thus on Fancy's pinion borne. Entranced I muse, till sober morn Displays its earliest beam : The visionary scenes recede. Dissolve the dreams of ancient deed, And legendary theme. Written by F. W. 247 A NEW HISTORY OF WALES.— The Princess of Wales has accepted the dedication of A History and Geography of Wales for the Young," by an owner of Welsh land. The work is being brought out by Messrs. .Jarrold and Sons, 3, Paternoster Buildings, London. Mr. Pritchard Morgan, of Bryntirion, Merionethshire, is binding a copy of the book for presentation, in Welsh gold from his now famous mines. QUERIES, CATALOGUE OF WELSH HISTORIES.— As a fitting addenda to Mr. Blackwell's exceedingly interesting list of historical works relating to the parish and county history of Wales and Monmouthshire, would be a complete list of all printed and MS. Histories of Wales, published from the earliest times down to the present year, with the following additional particulars : — (i). Full title and size of book with number of pages, (ii). The author's name, when history was printed, whether in English or Welsh, and printer's name, with date of publication. (iii) . Short sketch of each author's life. (iv) . With a resume of the general characteristics of each work. Will those subscribers to Old Welsh Cmps, who possess histories on Wales, kindly overhaul their possessions, and send these particulars for collaboration to The Editor. REPLIES. NOVELS RELATING TO WALES (See p. 165).— Apropos of novels having their scenes laid in Wales, I remember, many years ago, a novel in five volumes, entitled Cambrian Pictures," coming out, with the author's signature, ''Ann of 248 Swansea." This was the mm de pkmie taken by a Mrs. Hatton, a sister of the famed Mrs. Siddons, and as these pictures were said to be sketches drawn from hfe, some of the then inhabitants of Glamorganshire wrote and complained to the Kemble family that their relative had ridiculed them. Very many years after this, ''Mary Mortimer on a Tour in South Wales " appeared in a London magazine — The Jforld of Fashion — -by an unknown author, and the Llanelly people, like the Swanseaites, thought they were depicted, and applied to the editor of the magazine to stop the sale. It was stopped, the author declaring the characters were fancy sketches, but it soon came out again in a one volume form under a new title, that of " Mary de Clifford," and was once more stopped by a few wealthy personages purchas- ing of the publisher, a Mr. Pratt, or " Spratt," at Halifax, in Yorkshire, all the printed copies. Firefly. GENEEAL WILLIAMS, OF KAES (p. 182).— Lieut.- General Sir W. Fenwick Williams, of Kars, born in Nova Scotia, 1800, entered the British Army in 1825, and became Captain in 1840. Having served for some time in Turkey, he was chosen in 1848 as English Commissioner for the settlement of the boundary between that State and Persia. On the outbreak of the Kussian War, he was appointed British Commissioner with the Turkish army in the East. He stoutly defended Kars against the Eussian forces, commanded by General Monravieff, but was eventually compelled to make an honorable capitulation. He was rewarded on his return to England with a baronetcy and a pension. He was sent to Parliament for Colne in 1856. In 1859 he went to Canada, as commander-in-chief of the forces, and was afterwards made governor of his own native colony. I. B, 4 Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : August 31st, 1888. No. 8. DEATH OF A WELL-KNOWN SOUTH WALES ANTIQUARIAN. We regret to have to announce the death of Mr Charles Octavius Morgan, of the Friars, near Newport, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. The sad event took place on August 5th last. The deceased gentleman had been ill for several weeks from an attack of apoplexy. Mr Morgan was the fourth son of the late Sir Charles Morgan, of Tredegar Park, and uncle of the present Lord Tredegar. He was born in the year 1803, was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, and graduated as B. A. in 1825, and M.A. in 1832. He sat in Parliament for the county of Monmouth in the Conservative interest from 1841 to 1874 ; was a justice of the peace and a deputy-Heutenant for the same County, and was author of numerous works on antiquarian and scientific subjects. He was president of the Newport and Caerleon Archaeological Association. We believe we are right in saying that Mr Morgan was .the author of "Newport and its Environs," issued from the local press. During the term of its existence he was a frequent contributor to the Red Dragon. He was also one of the oldest and most frequent contributors to Notes and Queries, especially in reference to old clocks and watches, on which he was acknowledged on all hands to be one of the greatest authorities in England, if not in the whole world, being constantly quoted by other eminent authorities, who had niade this subject a special study. 250 The deceased gentleman had Hved at The Friars for about 40 years. Antiquarian researches had always been his great delight, and from time to time he wrote articles to the periodicals dealing with that and kindred subjects. When, in 1841, he was first elected to Parliament he succeeded Mr "Williams, of Llangibby. The Hon. Mr Tracy (Liberal) was first in the field, but a requisi- tion to Mr Octavius Morgan inviting him to come forward and contest the seat having met with the deceased gentleman's accept- ance, Mr Tracy retired on the third day. Mr Morgan then sat as the colleague of Lord Granville Somerset, and afterwards with Colonel Somerset. The late Mr Morgan was one of a family, which had a long and somewhat remarkable Parliamentary experience. Sir Charles Morgan, the father of the gentleman lately deceased, sat in the House of Commons, representing the County of Monmouth, no less than 35 years — viz., from 1796 to 1831 ; and Mr Octavius Morgan, who entered the House ten years afterwards, represented the County 33 years — from 1841 to 1874. He was always a staunch Tory, voting against the repeal of the Corn Laws, and also against the Roman Catholic Relief Bill. When, in 1868, the Irish Church controversy came up for settlement by the constituencies. Colonel Clifford came forward in the Liberal interest to try to wrest one of the Courity seats from the Tory holders, but, although the fight was conducted with great vigour, Mr Octavius Morgan and his colleague. Colonel Poulett Somerset, won by more than three thousand majority. But at the termina- tion of that Parliament Mr Morgan retired, and gave place to another member of the Tredegar family. Colonel the Hon. F. C. Morgan. Amongst Mr Morgan's works on antiquities and other branches of science, are the following : — Observations on the Early Communion Plate used in the Church of England, with Illustrations of the Chalice and Paten of Christchurch, and Observations on a Collection of Spoons, published in No. 35 of the ArchcBological Journal ; Observations on the History and Progress of the Art of Watchmaking from the Earliest Period tg 261 Modern Times, communicated to the Society of Antiquaries in 1849 ; Report on the Excavations Prosecuted by the Caerleon Antiquarian Association within the Walls of Caerwent, published in 1850 ; Notes on the Architecture of Caldicot Castle, 1854 ; Notes on the Ecclesiastical Remains of Runston, Sudbrook, Dinham, and Llanbedr, 1858 ; and on the Monastery of Austin Friars, 1859 ; Notes on the Ancient Domestic Residences of Pentrebach, Crick, Tymawr, The Garn, Crindau, and St. Julian's, 1860 ; and Treomen, Killwch, and the Wain in 1861 ; Notes on Went wood Castle, Troggy, and Llanvair, 1863 ; Pencoyd Castle and Langstone, 1864 ; and Penhow Castle, 1867. Some of the papers were written in conjunction with the late Mr T. Wakeman, of the Graig, near Monmouth. There are also some others exclusively from the pen of Mr Octavius Morgan, amongst them being an account of monuments in Abergavenny Church, published in 1869, undertaken at the request of the authorities of Somerset House ; Notes on Newport Castle, St. Woollos Church, and the Lordship of Wentloog. The writings are of the greatest historic value. In 1885 Mr Morgan presented to the Corporation of Newport an old charter which had been acquired in a curious way. It was purchased at an auction sale in London by a gentle- man of Stafford, who had observed in it the names of Newport and Wentlwch, and believed it to refer to Newport and Wenlock in Shropshire. The charter was exhibited at a meeting of the Archaeological Institution at Shrewsbury, where it was seen by Mr Morgan, and he there detected that it referred to Mon- mouthshire. It proved to be a charter of inseximus and con- firmation by Humphrey, Earl of Stafford, 1472, of an earlier charter granted in 1385 by Hugh, Earl of Stafford, to the burgesses of Newport. It is now exhibited m the Museum of the Newport Free Library. The deceased gentleman was interred in the family vault at Bassalleg Churchyard. It is understood that the late Mr Morgan, has, by his will, bequeathed to the British Museum his old clocks and other interesting relics. 252 THE STORY OF THE SUBMERGED MAN- SION IN PENMAENMAWR BAY. Helig Voel ab Gwlanog, a chieftain of the sixth century, had great possessions extending far into this bay, but which were suddenly over-whelmed by the sea, owing, as it is generally supposed, to a subsidence of the land. At a very low ebb the( ruins are to be seen about a mile out, a little beyond the gas- works. The tragical occurrence was prophesied, it is said, for generations, and a threat had gone forth, that vengeance should overtake the family of Helig for the crimes of his ancestors. Night after night, on the wild rocks and shores, amidst the hills and in the valleys, was heard the fearful cry of ''Dial a ddaiv ! dial a ddaw but the wailer was invisible to all. At length it came, and suddenly, as mighty calamities, even though dreaded, generally do. There was a great feast in the house of Helig. and the guests forgot, in their jovial carousal, that fate was only pausing to overtake them. They called for more wine, and a servant was despatched into the cellar to procure some, while the old harper sat leaning on his harp and the tears ran down upon the strings ; for his spirit foresaw some coming evil. They reproached him for his silence, and he put forth his hand to awaken the chords, when a cry struck his ear, and the next moment the servant who had gone for wine rushed wildly into the hall shrieking, — "The tide! the tide!" Those who alone had time to quit the House of Helig found safety in the rocks of Trwij7i yr Wylfa (The Kock of Weeping). Lady Marshall has made this Cymric legend the subject of an interesting poem, entitled Helig's Warning," in which the following occurs : — Cottage and hamlet — tower and town Forest and garden — farm and field All in one ruin overthrown — In one dark doom for ever sealed I Pest the attempt forbear To paint the blank despair That paled each visage there ; 258 For words are unavailing Yet was it ne'er forgot From then till now that spot Is called the Mount of Wailing. [Rev. T. Prichard, B.A., in Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald] . There is a similar tradition regarding a submerged city in Llangorse Lake (''Llyn Safaddan") recorded in Poole's Brecknockshire, pp. 3-5. SALE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LATE EDWARD BREESE, ESQ., F.S.A., OF PORTMADOC. [Continued from p. 239.] Then was offered for sale the second plum in the collection, viz., R. W. Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, twelve dainty volumes bound in half morocco by F. Bedford, with maps and numerous beautiful illustrations, published between the years 1854-60, and of which only 300 copies were printed. Of course, the great leviathan, Quaritch, secured this much-coveted lot for 81 sovereigns. Who can stand against the man who can give thousands, if necessary, for a single Bible of known rarity ? A copy of Eyton was purchased the other day (June) for £23 10s., at the sale of the magnificent library of Mr. Robert Samuel Turner. Gambold's Welsh Grammar, in autograph MSS., 1722, was sold to Mr. Quaritch for £2, Mr. Ridler paying £4 8s. for a fine and rare copy of the Carmarthen edition of 1727 in crimson morocco extra by F. Bedford. The large paper set of Lady Charlotte Guest's Mabinogion (1849), beautifully bound by Bedford in three vols., went to Mr. Quaritch for seven guineas, and a small paper set of the same to Mr. Jeffreys for 56s. Other lots that fetched small prices were : Fosbroke's Encyclopaedia of Antiquities, 10s., Mr. Richmond; Froissart'a 254 Chronicles, 14s., Mr. Angus; some privately printed works, by J. 0. Halli well-Phillips, 10s., Mr. ElHs ; Hearne's Chronicles, 4 vols., 5s., Mr. Stubbs ; Life of Lord Edward Herbert, of Cher- bury, and Memoirs of Bulstrode Whitelocke, 7s., Mr. Downing; two Lives of Merlin, and Halliwell-Phillips' Family Excursions in North Wales, 9s., Mr. Ridler ; Hume, Smollett, and Farr's History of England, Is., Mr. Ridler (the numerous fine portraits and plates alone are worth many shillings) ; Ireland's Henry the Great, Carnhuanawc's Literary Remains and Life, edited by *' Ysgafell," Miss Jane Williams, whose History of Wales, 1869, is one of the best and most reliable in the English language, and a copy of Parry's Cambrian Plutarch, only brought 14s., Mr. E. Rowley Morris securing this lot ; Mr. Sotheran also secured a large paper copy, with portraits, of Johnson's Typographia, 1824, two vols., for 14s. ; Autograph MSS. Introduction to Greek and Hebrew, by R. R. Jones, 8s., Mr Tuckett ; and the 1777 Shrews- bury edition of T. Jones's British Language in its Lustre, went for 9s. to Mr. J. Neale. Mr. Quaritch purchased a lot of 10 books, for £3, including an imperfect black letter by Lhuyd, 1629, entitled " Llwybr Hyffordd," an imperfect first edition of 1716 of Theophilas Evans's Drych y Prif Oesoedd (over twenty to thirty English and Welsh editions of this once famed work have been published from time to time), and several other scarce Welsh books, but all of them in an imperfect condition. Dr. Roberts claimed 14 dupli- cate volumes of Y Gwyliedydd," printed at Bala between 1823 and 1837, for £2. An account of Denbigh Eisteddfod, 1828, and R. Llwyd's Beaumaris Bay, both on large paper, with several portraits and views, went to Mr. Ridler for 14s. And 18s. secured to Mr. Ellis a Probate Copy of the will of the great man who is said never to have lived, and, according to the sharp Yankee, Donelly, is conclusively proved never to have penned any of the marvellously scenic and historical plays that bear the name of Shakespeare. Mr. Halliwell-Phillips privately printed in 1872 fifteen copies of the MSS. Will made by J. Greene in 255 1747, and this was one of the fifteen copies. But, then, the author of The Great Cryptogram " proves to his own satisfac- tion, in two ponderous volumes which were heralded and puffed long before they were published, that Shakespeare was neither a scholar, student, or a lover of books, and that the greatest writ- ings of the age (Shakespeare's Plays, to wit) were written " by the greatest man of all the ages, Francis Bacon." Twenty-eight volumes fell to Mr Kidler for 19s., including many of the earlier Welsh tours and guides. Hearne's Itinerary of John Leland, the Antiquary, in nine volumes, large paper, with plates (Oxford, 1768-9), was sold to Mr. Stibbs for £7. A collection of eight volumes, including two of James Howels' works, went for 26s. to Mr. Ellis. Among them were James Howel's Instructions for Forren Travell, with frontispiece by Hollar, and portrait of Prince Charles (1650 edition), and his Dodona's Grove (1645) with other early seventeenth century books. James Howell was born at Cefn Bryn, Llanganimarch, Breconshire, as well as his gifted brother, the Bishop-Elect of Bristol, and one of his sisters married a very near relative of John Penry, the Martyr. Mr. Vincent Evans secured the Welsh MSS. Society's edition of the lolo Manuscripts, printed at Llandovery in 1848, for JB2 8s., and a large paper copy of Jeffrey of Monmouth's British History, 1718, sold for £S. Thirteen volumes were knocked down to Sotheran for £1 12s., including J. Walters' Dissertation on the Welsh Language, printed at Cowbridge in 1771, and the Dolgelley edition, 1816, of the same author's English and Welsh Vocabu- lary, and the Oxford edition, 1809, of John Davies's Antique Linguae Britannica. A first edition, bound by F. Bedford, of T. Jones' British Language in its Lustre, 1688 (Ellis), fetched £3 10s., and another edition printed at Shrewsbury in 1777 went "with all faults" to Mr. J. Neale for 9s. Mr. Kidler next claimed sixteen books and pamphlets for 26s , including Sir T. 256. Jones' Rise and Progress of the Society of Antient Britons, 1717, but without the portrait ; W. L. Bowles' Hermes Britannicus, 1828, N. Owens' British Eemains, 1777, T. Llewellyn's Historical and Critical Tracts, printed at Shrewsbury in 1793 ; Linden on the Llandrindod Waters, 1756 ; Pring's Papers and Documents on Bangor Cathedral, 1819 ; and some tracts on noted Welsh Trials. Mr. Bull purchased a Latin MSS. on vellum (Lectionarium pro Dominicis et Festis Sanctorum) for £4 2s. 6d., and for 28s. Mr. Ridler claimed one of the Welsh MSS. Society's scarce publications, Eees' Liber Landavensis, and, with it, strange bed- fellows, two MSS. volumes of shorthand letters on Eevelation ! A set of five Tours in Wales, embracing Lipscomb, Skrine, Malkin, Warner, and Aikin, was sold to Mr. Harding for 22s. ; and the next lot, which fell to Quaritch, was one of the cheapest lots in the sale : for £2 13s. Mr. Quaritch secured three impor- tant Welsh Works, viz., Lloyd's Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire, published in 1876 by subscription ; Bridgman's History of the Princes of South Wales, and Professor Kees' Welsh Saints, 1836. The latter work alone is generally priced two guineas in current book catalogues. A work on Church Government, by Bishop Lloyd of St. Asaph, fetched 6s. (Quaritch). Humphrey Lluyd's Breviary of Britayne, a rare little volume published in 1573, realized £2 6s. (Sotheran). E. Llwyd's Itinerary of North Wales, an autograph MSS. from the Halston Library, went to Quaritch at three guineas. Two very cheap lots followed, Mr. Downing securing five volumes for 18s., which included, among many other pamphlets, the following works : — G. W. Manby's History and Antiquities of St. David, 1801 ; Williams' Guide through Carnarvonshire, 1821 ; Edwards' Analysis of Welsh Orthography, 1847 ; G. Roberts' Llanthony Priory ^plates), 1847 ; Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's Tenby, and History of Ludlow, 1812. The other "cheap lot" went to Bidler for 12s., including another copy of Manby's St. 257 David, with an etching of Captain Manby by Mrs. Dawson Turner ; Account of Denbigh, 1829 ; Bransby's Carnarvon Castle, 1829 ; Eoyal Charters of Carmarthen, 1878 ; and Beau- ties of North Wales, 1813. These two lots were well worth a five-pound note to any home collector, but we presume if any private individual had bid for them the trade " would have " run them up." Lots 91 to 96 : Manx Dictionary, published at Douglas in 1866, 9s., Sotheran ; Welsh MSS. Society s Meddygon Myddfai, edited by Ap Ithel, 15s., Sotheran ; another copy, 14s., Thomas ; Merlin's Prophecies, 1603, lis., Sotheran ; Monstrelet's Chroni- cles of England, translated by Johnes of Havod, and published by Bohn in 1850, 12s., Downing ; and four other Welsh works to an anonymous buyer for 13s. A fine three volume copy of the Myvyrian Archaeology of Wales, by Owen Jones, Dr. Owen Fughe, and lolo Morgan wg, 1801-7, went for five guineas to Mr. Eidler, and Gee's Denbigh edition of 1870 to same buyer for 28s. Mr. Isaac Foulkes, of Liverpool, secured five books, consisting of Nennius' " Historia Brittonum," Probert's Ancient Laws of Cambria, H. Davies' Welsh Botanology, 1813, and Sharon Turner's Vindication of Aneurin and Taliesin, 1803. A copy of Nicholson's Cambrian Travellers' Guide, with extra plates and MS. notes, sold for 8s. For three guineas Mr. Sotheran secured thirty volumes, or pamphlets, including histories of the eisteddfodau held at Brecon in 1823 and 1826, to which reference was made the other day at Brecon by the aged veteran, *' Clwydfardd," on the occasion of proclaiming Brecon Eisteddfod of 1889. Also an imperfect copy of Golwg ar Deyrnas Crist, 1799, printed at the Trefecca Press. The works of Alun," the Rev. J. Blackwell, printed at Ruthin in 1851 ; a Dolgelley edition of Vicar Fritchard's Welsh Poems ; Williams' Drych Barddonol, 1839, etc. To he continued. 258 THE STATUS OF PUBLISHED WELSH HISTORIES. Possibly, despite all we hear now-a-days about revived Welsh Nationalism, there are not half-a-dozen cultured Welsh- men in the whole Principality who could have done, in as thorough and comprehensive a manner, what Mr. Gladstone did for Wales, and her Literature, and History, in his magnificent speech at the late Wrexham Eisteddfod. The speech is worth treasuring, and we trust it will find a place in the quarterly publication of the Honourable Cymmrodorion Society — a Society that professes to be representative of Wales and Welsh thought. We here only wish to refer to Mr. Gladstone's remarks, in acknowledging a vote of thanks, on Welsh Histories." The hon. gentleman is reported to have said: — "I have a strong conviction about Welsh history. It is to me a subject of *♦ extreme interest, and I trust — perhaps it is my ignorance, but I trust before you are many years older we shall have some " better and more complete history of Wales than we have got at ♦* present. (* Oh.') There are a number of most interesting " books, but I am by no means sure whether there yet exists •* any history of Wales that is entirely worthy of the subject. If there does, I am sorry to say I don't know it, and I hope some friend will be kind enough to tell me about it, and let me know ** how I can get hold of it." We have before made some observations on this subject, and we must repeat that we think the only intelligible and historically conceived work on Welsh History is that published in 1869 by the late Miss Jane Williams, *' Ysgafell," but it is a work out of the reach of ordmary people. If the Welsh National Eisteddfod Association would undertake a cheap reprint of it — say an half-crown edition — they would be rendering a public service to Wales. And let it be translated into Welsh as soon as the important " f " and " v " question has been settled. The Editor. 259 THE BIRTHPLACE OF JAMES HOWEL. In reference to James Howel's birthplace, Anthony Wood, in his Athenae Oxoniemes, records : — James Howel was born in " Carmarthenshire, as I conceive, at Abernant, of which place *• his father was minister. In what year he was born I cannot precisely tell you, yet he himself saith that his ascendant was ** that hot constellation of cancer, about the midst of dog-days. After he had been educated in grammar learning in the Free School at Hereford, he was sent to Jesus College, in the *' beginning of 1610, aged 16 years," &c., &c. Wood is decidedly wrong in recording that James Howel was born in Carmarthenshire, because his father, beyond any doubt, was curate of Llangammarch, in 1594 — the year in which James was born. But Theophilus Jones and Canon Williams are evidently erroneous in their statements that Thomas Howel, the father, was presented to the living of Abernant and Cynveilgaio, in Carmarthenshire. It was to the living of Abernant and Cynwyl Elvet Thomas Howel was presented, Cynwyl Caio being quite another parish, and at another extremity of the County of Carmarthen. If anyone takes the trouble of examining the bells in the turrets of Cynwyl Elvet Church, he would see the name of Thomas Howel on one of them now. As a further proof that Theophilus Jones, and others who copied him, are in error, Abernant and Cynwyl Elvet are annexed and consolidated livings. There is no such living as Abernant, near Cynwyl Caio. It is somewhat a strange co-incidence that Thomas Howel's residence in Carmarthenshire bore the same name as his old residence in Breconshire. The name of his old home in the parish of Llangammarch, in full, was Cefn-y-bryn, and that of his new home in the parish of Abernant was Bryn-y-Caerau, but both have always been called, and are called to this day, Bryn." This fact has led many to confound the two Bryns, and this undoubtedly accounts for *' Borderer " stating, in a foot-note to an article on James Owen in the June number of Old Welsh Chips, that the Bryn, where 260 James Owen was born, was the birthplace of James Howel. I cannot but beheve that Theophilus Jones is wrong on another point — namely, that Thomas Howel was curate of Llangammarch from 1576 to 1631. If Thomas Howel moved from Llangammarch into Carmarthenshire in 1631, his son James was then thirty- seven years of age, and had gained now almost an European reputation. Is it possible that Anthony Wood would have connected James Howel's birthplace with Carmarthenshire if this true Cosmopolite was thirty-seven years of age when he left Breconshire ? Wood was only thirty-eight years younger than James Howel, and when the latter died Wood was thirty- two years of age. James Howel was probably very young when his father was presented to the living of Abernant and Cynwyl Elvet, and Wood concluded that Abernant must have been the place of his birth. The late Eev. G. Howells, the rector of Llangattock, near Crickhowell, being a native of Abernant, and a gentleman of considerable research, stated, a few years since, in an article on James Howel in the Bed Dragon, that Thomas Howel moved into Carmarthenshire from the Bryn, Llangammarch, shortly after his son James was born, and that from the Bryn, in the parish of Abernant, James, with his brother Thomas, afterwards Bishop of Bristol, were sent to the Cathedral School, Hereford. Mr. Howells, Llangattock, had every opportunity of settling this point ; he knew what Theophilus Jones and his copyists had said on the matter, and after examining the church bells, the registers of the churches of Abernant and Cynwyl Elvet, and other documents, he had no hesitation in stating that the two renowned brothers, James and Thomas Howel, went as boys to school for the first time from the Bryn, in the parish of Abernant. It is with some amount of modesty we should attempt to set such an authority as Theophilus Jones right, especially on anything relating to the parish of Llangammarch, where his father and . grandfather had been vicars for many years, and where all parochial records were accessible to the renowned historian. Pandy. John Davies. 261 WELSH PROVERBS. Probably next to the highest soaring of genius no form of intellectual effort contains within it a more vigorous principle of life than do the Proverbs. This arises naturally from the fact that no form is nationally so well adapted to the wants and tastes of the whole people. Proverbs being ''familiar in our mouths as household words," their full merits often escape observation. As a test of their excellence, let one of them be dissolved from its form, and let an attempt be made by the ordinary mind to express the thought contained in it in any other way. How futile the result will prove to be ! What an ocean of words will come into operation ! What a strain after coherence ! The antiquity of Proverbs cannot even be guessed at. Ages before men found means to record their thoughts in writing, Proverbs were doubtless in use. Their universality is complete. The nudest as well as the most refined nations in all times past and present have them, and, without doubt, their influence on the mind is relatively greater amongst the less cultivated than the most civilized and refined : and their force even at this day is much greater amongst the numerous humble than with the limited great. Men of culture have other guides, but none nobler or wiser. Probably no small nation possesses relatively so large a number of Proverbs as the Welsh. Many of them are extremely ancient, dating back to the Druidic period. They are the Proverbs of a pastoral and agricultural race, for the references to rural pursuits are in them very numerous. They are, as it were, out-of-door productions, redolent of the soil, with the mountain air blowing through them. Space will not permit us to point only to a few characteris- tics, which especially belong to Welsh Proverbs, and are not so generally met with in the Proverbs of other nations, One i?, 262 the repetition of the same initial letter, or syllable, at certain intervals of the line, or what is termed in Welsh " Cynghanedd," by the English Alliteration." The following will serve as an example of what is meant : — Y dwr pur a red i'r pant. Y budd a ladd y lludded. Diboen i ddyn dybio'n dda. Rhaid genau glan i oganu. Anghall fa'l dall a dwyllir. Colli nef nid call i neb. Beibl i bawb o bobl y byd. Gwae a fae'n brudd rhag ofn brad. Again, Proverbs written in what may be called (for want of a better term) "recurrent," or " catch- word" style : that is to say, the last word of one line repeated in the following one. That was done, no doubt, with the intention of fixing it on the memory. The subjoined are specimens of what is meant : — Ni wyr ni ddysg. Ni ddysg ni wrendy. Ni wrendy ond astud. Nid astud ond dedwydd. Although the Welsh cannot claim to be possessed of the shortest Proverbs known, nevertheless, on the whole, theirs are remarkable for brevity. It is said that the German Proverb, Voll-toU, is the shortest in existence, but the following from the Welsh are not far behind : — Hun yr Eos. ^ Llidiog lluosog. Afraid pob afraid. 1 Enw heb seuw. j Odid a ardd. * Swrth pob diog, Gair i gall, &c. The one who seems to have first undertaken to make a collection of Welsh Proverbs was St. Catwg, Abbot of Llanveithyn, in Llancarvan, Glamorganshire, in the sixth century. In the eleventh century Cyrys o lal laboured in the same direction, and in the fifteenth century we read of one Sypyn Cyfeiliog following in the same commendable work. The first printed collection of Welsh Proverbs was those placed by the learned Doctor John Davies, of Mallwyd, at the 263 end of his Latin-Welsh Dictionary, which was published in the year 1632. It is supposed that collection contained those Proverbs collected by Cyrys o Itil, but Dr. Davies made some addition to them himself, which are marked with an asterisk in his dictionary. In 1G59 Dr. Davies's collection was published, among the Proverbs of other nations, in the Lexicon Tetraylotten, with English translations by the author, the Honourable James Howells, Esq., a native of Llangammarch, Breconshire, a profound scholar and traveller, who was made "Royal Historiographer" of England by Charles II., an office purposely created for him. In the year 1672 the Welsh Proverbs from the dictionary of Dr. Davies where published in a separate volume in London. The same also were placed by the Rev. Thomas Richards, of Coychurch, Glamorganshire, at the end of his Welsh- English Dictionary, without addition. This commendable work was first pubhshed in 1751. The largest collection of Welsli Proverbs is contained in the third volume of the Mynjrian Archccoloyy of Wales, published in London in 1808. These highly-valued works were subsequently repubhshed by Mr. Gee, of Denbigh, in one handsome volume, in 1870. In 1826 Edward Williams (lolo Fardd Glas) pubhshed his Cyneirlyfr, being a Welsh dictionary of considerable merit ; and subjoined to it a collection of Welsh Proverbs, with an explana- tion of them in Welsh. These are much the same as those contained in Richards' s dictionary. The collection of Proverbs in the Archceologia are given in the Encyclopedia Camhrensis, and are mentioned there as being the largest and best collection ever published. At the Liverpool National Eisteddfod, 1884, a prize was given for the best collection of Welsh Proverbs. The successful collection is published in the Transactions of the above Eisteddfod ; and another of the unsuccessful collections, which was sent in to this competition by the author, has been published, I am sure it would give the readers of Old Welsh Chips much pleasure to see James Howel's translations of our Welsh Proverbs into English published in your columns. They are really magnificent : his pith and quaintness has admirably described the ingredients of an exquisite Proverb to be — Sense, Shortness, and Salt. MORGANIA. THE FALSE IMPRISONMENT OF A BRECON- SHIRE SQUIRE 200 YEARS AGO. (pp. 217—223). We do not think it will be needful to give the text of the two succeeding petitions in this incredible case. The second petition was addressed to the House of Lords, the wrongly- detained Squire again fully setting forth the extraordinary nature of the conspiracy that he averred he was the victim of. The Petitioner again avers that the real defendant in all the proceed- ings was Edward Games, of Tregare. And, he observes, that although he himself — Edward Games, of Cui — had previously wrongfully suffered, still " that he had been before discharged by " His Honour the Master of the Eolls of a confinement upon the same account, was upon the 29th November, 1707, imprisoned " in Her Majesty's Prison of the Fleet, for non-payment of the ♦* said costs" [the costs accruing in the first wrongful action against Edward Games, of Cui, instead of Edward Games, of Tregare] . The Petitioner, after setting forth his reasons why he should be set at liberty, proceeds : " Your Petitioner . . . has now " Eemained Fifteen Months a second time most wrongfully Imprisoned." The Petitioner sets forth that the reason why he was now imprisoned was for fear the said Edward Games, * of Tregare, the Keal Defendant, should take his Action of Con- 265 *' spiracy and False Imprisonment . . . for Prosecuting of him " also upon another False affidavit . . . besides his Confinement." The Petition to the Lords seemed to have no effect whatever, and after the lapse of several years this unfortunate Breconsliire Squire petitioned the House of Commons again. The following are the mournful explanations why he petitions again: — " That your Petitioner, in despite of all Law, remaining still Im- " prisoned, is therefore constrained again for Belief, most humbly " to beseech your Honours to take his deplorable case into your " most serious consideration ; for that your Petitioner, besides " his first Wrong Imprisonment of Eighteen Months, has now " suffered a further Imprisonment of no less than Six Years and " Seven Months, by a second illegal and wilfully Arbitrary Com- " mitment of the Court of Chancery." Whether the Petitioner died in the Fleet, or was liberated, we have no records to prove. The tale these petitions tell is a sad one, at any rate, and would form the ground- work of a very realistic " true tale." The Editor. THE NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD AT BRECON. It will be well to place on permanent record, through the medium of Old Welsh Chips, the following account of the Gorsedd, held in the town of Brecon, on July 10th last : — The Eisteddfod of 1889 was proclaimed in accordance with ancient rites from the Maen Llog of the Gorsedd by the Arch* druid Clwydfardd, assisted by the Archdeacon of Llandaff, Hwfa Hon, Nathan Dyfed, Dewi Wyn o Essylt, Watcyn Wyn, Dewi Mon, Tudno, and other bards, on Tuesday, the lOtli of July, 1888, at " Clos-y-Castell Aberhonddu," within what is now the ruins of the Castle of Bernard Newmarch at Brecon. The ceremony was conducted with all the pomp and grandeur of ancient days. 260 A procession was formed to escort the Archdruid, the Bards, and the Deputation from the National Eisteddfod Association from the Shire Hall to the Gorsedd, at 11-30 a.m., in the following order : — 1. — The Band of the 3rd Battalion South Wales Borderers. 2. — The Friendly Societies. 3. — The Townsmen and Trades. 4. — The Head Master, Assistant Masters, and the Pupils of Christ College, Brecon. 6. — The Patrons. 6. — The Committees. 7. — The Borough Justices. 8. — The Borough Police Force. 9. — The Corporation. The Borough Shield. Officials. Councillors. Aldermen (in their robes). The Mace and Censer Bearers. The Mayoe— the ARCHDEUID— The Deputy Mayoe (in their robes). 10. — Baner yr Eisteddfod. Yr Arwydd-feirdd. Ceidwaid y Porth. y Beirdd, y Llenorion. Y Cerddorion, y Cantorion. Y Cyfl-wyn-feirdd. The principal streets of the ancient town were filled with crowds all bent on witnessing a ceremony which revived the memories of the past, and which was connected with the time- honom^ed institution of the Cymric nation. Over two thousand persons were present hearing the stentorian tones of the vener- able Clwydfardd, with his white head bare, proclaiming from the Gorsedd with sword half unsheathed, A oes heddwch ? " The porch and every available window of the Castle Hotel and the ruins of Ely Tower were thronged with ladies. The proceedings throughout were of a brilliant and enthusiastic character. The productions of the several bards applicable to the occasion delivered from the Maen Llog, as well as the soul-stirring strains of the "Harp of Wales" and the orations of the Venerable 267 Archdeacon of Llandaff and the thrice-chaired bard Hwfa Mon, were received with acchimations by the large assembly. After the ceremony, about 150 partook of Imicheon mider the presidency of James Williams, Esq., F.R.C.S., the chairman of the Eisteddfod Committee, at which speeches were delivered by the Archdruid, the High Sheriff of Brecknockshire (Colonel Morgan), the Archdeacon of Llandaff, the Reverends Prebendary Garnons Williams, D. Lewis Lloyd, Tudno Jones, and Professor Rowlands, Mr. Powell Powel (Castle Madoc), Colonel Jones Thomas, Mr. F. W. A. Roche, Mr. John Evans (Aberyskir), Mr. Marchant Wilhams and odiers, each testifying to the success of the day's proceedings, and promising cordial support to the National Eisteddfod of 1889. [We may here add that the Editor of Old Welsh Chips is preparing a special "Eisteddfod Guide to Brecon," and he is asking his friends to guarantee six copies each, which will cost Is. Gd. The Guide is to sell at 3d.] OLD BRECKNOCK CHIPS." This week we commence the third year of the above inte- resting column. When we look at the mass of material of a deeply interesting local nature which has appeared in this column for the last two years, and which we have before us, re-printed in book form, we feel sincerely proud of the column. We trust to carry on the column successfully through another year ; we have a lot of interesting things yet to publish, and we would once again ask our readers to look up and send us any stray notes bearing upon our county history, whether relating to the parochial history of the county, our eminent inhabitants of the past, our county books, and such-like topics. Would some friend kindly send us notes upon the birds to be found in Brecon- shire ? We have already given one or two communications on 268 Breconshire Trees. We have received lately several letters asldng for a reprint of the first year's "Chips" in book form. We are sorry our friends did not speak out sooner : excepting a very few private reprint copies, there are none in existence for the general public. But we have re-printed a few copies of the SECOND year's Contributions, the charge for which is 8s. per volume, post free. Kindly address " The Editor." — From Brecon County Times, EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY (PAST & PRESENT). [By the Editor. — Continued from page 244.] LEWIS MORRIS the Poet.— The "land of song" has produced many poets this Century, but Lewis Morris's reputation is cosmopolitan — more English than Welsh, although in heart and feeling he is a thorough Cymro, descended as he is from good old Cymric stock. He is the grandson of old Lewis Morris (" Llewelyn Ddu o Fon "), and was born at Carmarthen. Some of his ancestors lived at Blan-nant, parish Llanveigan, county Brecknock, and in Llanveigan Churchyard we have seen their monumental tomb. [See Poole's Brecknockshire, p. 148] . "The Epic of Hades " is the poem that brought fame to Lewis Morris, and the universal testimony of all criticism unites in declaring that this work is one of the finest creations in the English language. This incomparable work was preceded by " Songs of Two Worlds," the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd series of which were issued in the years 1872, 1874, and 1875. These volumes were soon followed by the three books of the " Epic of Hades," and later on was given, " Gwen — a Drama in Monologue " ; subsequently was issued, " The Ode of Life," followed in July, 1881, by a poem on St. Christopher, which appeared in Frazcr's Magazine. Later still 269 he published a dramatic work from some of the old classics. He has certainly achieved poetic greatness. In 1883 a cheaper edition of Mr. Morris' poems was published — a fair indication of popular favour. Of the quality of Lewis Morris's poetry a recent writer has recorded "That it is that of a scholar, and teams with illusions to history, philosophy, and classic lore. The Welsh bards, many of them, evince considerable ability, but little acquaintance with human speculations, and therefore draw entirely upon nature for their metaphors. But Lewis Morris possesses, as well as remarkable power, avast and wide culture." In the December part (1882) of Longman's Magazine, Mr Morris had a poem entitled " The Orphan Girl of Llannion," a Breton ballad, after the original text. In 1888 a second edition of " Songs Unsung" was called for, and a third edition in 1884. In 188G Mr. Morris issued a dramatic poem, entitled Ggcia, based on facts in Byzantine history, but it cannot be said to have been a popular success. In 1887, Mr. Morris issued his " Songs of Britain," a volume of lyrics, and the work also contains three important narrative poems, derived from Welsh folk-lore. A third edition of the tragedy " Gycia " has also been published. Mr. Morris is also the author of " The Ode of Empire," and another Ode sung at the inauguration of the Imperial Institute. " GWILYM HIRAETHOG " (Rev. William Rees) com- bined the poet, preacher, and author. It would take a bulky essay to enumerate all the great and signal services rendered to Cambria by this grand old veteran, who departed this life five years ago (1883j. If we remember aright it was on January 31st, 1884, that the Cymmrodorion Society presented " Hiraethog " with a special medal for his great and distinguished services to Welsh literature." And 55 years earlier (in 1828) " Hiraethog " received the earlier Cymmrodorion Society's medal at the Koyal Denbigh Eisteddfod, for his essay on The Submersion of Cantref-y-Gwaelod." The Kev. W. Eees, D.D., was born in 1802, at the foot of Hiraethog Mountain, Llansanan, county Denbigh, and he died in his 81st year at Chester on November 8, 270 1883. His chief epic poem is called ''Emanuel," and beside he published sermons, poems, and religious homilies, and these of themselves would be an ample testimonial to his great genius. But Gwilym Hiraethog was something more than an author : he was a patriot in the noblest sense, he was even willing to spend and be spent in the cause of Wales. His writings are more voluminous, more varied, and more far reaching in their influence than the writings of any other Welshman Wales has ever produced. BRINLEY RICHARDS.— The name that confers the great- est honour on the musical genius of the sons of the Principality is undoubtedly that of Brinley Eichards. A Welshman by birth (born at Carmarthen in 1819) he ever evinced the highest and most sympathetic interest in his fellow countrymen, and w^as never weary, at eisteddfodau and by public lectures, of imparting the most practical help to his brother Cymru. He was the son of the organist at St. Peter's, Carmarthen, and was intended for a doctor, but happily his future musical creations did more in their day to " drive dull care away " and banish melancholy than all the lotions and potions the most favoured Court physician could have ever prescribed. In the year Her Majesty ascended the throne young Brinley Eichards won the King's Scholarship at the Eoyal Academy for a second time, having previously won it in 1835. Mr. Eichards subsequently joined the Academy staff, and it was here he acquired his admirable style of pianoforte playing. He became not only a brilliant pianist, but also a voluminous composer, more particularly of pianoforte pieces. The Cambrian War Song," " The Cambrian Plume," and the "Harp of Wales," are compositions of his which wull only be second in popular esteem to his great masterpiece, "God Bless the Prince of Wales." We are indebted for this beautiful com- position to an eisteddfod held in the ruins of Carnarvon Castle. It was at the request of one of the judges, Ceiriog Hughes, that Brinley Eichards set the second National Anthem to Ceiriog's Welsh words. Thus a Welshman, a Carmarthen man, did for 271 Wales what was done by Roiiget de I'lsle for France in the Marseillaise. " God Bless the Prince of Wales " at once hit not only the popular fancy, but stirred the national sentiment to its very depths, and it will ever live — an European monument to a Welshman who always regarded his native land with patriotic affection. On the marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh with the late Czar's daughter, the massed bands of the Russian Guards played this anthem, and some time after its composition, at a banquet at Balmoral Castle, Her Most Gracious Majesty com- manded it to be sung after the toast of " The Prince of Wales." But for all this our able native musician died plain Brinley Richards. When the Prince of Wales was in India this great masterpiece was sung by 14,000 natives in the Parsee language, in Madras, as the Prince passed by. On St. David's Day, 1867 — 21 years ago — the late Brinley Richards was presented to the Prince of Wales by the late Marquess of Londonderry. Another well-known composition of Mr. Richards's, perhaps the second best known, is " Now let the hills resound." It is generally called the deceased composer's " second great success." The Athenaeum, a no mean authority on literature and the sister arts, stated that Brinley Richards's composition "In the hour of my distress " (Herrick's Litany), is the best music yet written to those fine words. Another of his songs " Anita," has ever been a favourite with the great tenor (Sims Reeves). Mr. Richards composed numerous anthems, sacred and secular part songs, and his anthem, "Sound the trumpet in Zion " was composed for the Mold Eisteddfod in 1873. His work " Songs of Wales " is well known. Throughout his career the late Brinley Richards impressed a national character upon most of his works, and has been ever mindful of the traditions and honour of Wales. The Choir said "That Mr. Richards had fairly earned his title as Laureate Composer for Wales," and the Times said he was " The acknowledged chief of Welsh musicians." It is to be regretted that in 1883, when three distinguished English musicians were knighted on the opening of the New Royal College of Music, that 272 our distinguished fellow countryman, Mr. Brinley Eichards, was passed over. Brinley Kicliards died in May, 1885. DANIEL THOMAS. — A true hero, a man who gave his life for his fellows, is fittingly to be joined with senators and true men of God : Daniel Thomas, the brave colliery proprietor, who lost his life in the gallant attempt to rescue his fellow men after, one of those terrible colliery explosions for which South Wales unhappily has gained an unenviable notoriety, died at his post, amid the universal sorrow of his Queen and nation. He died at the Naval Steam Coal Colliery, Penygraig, on Sunday, January 27th, 1884, in the prime of his manhood. Before this time Mr. Thomas had received from Her Majesty the Albert Medal of the First Class, bestowed for daring and heroic services to save life, at the Tynewydd disaster in that year. Men like Daniel Thomas make the true heart and fibre of a nation. " BRUTUS " (David Owen) was a versatile but somewhat changeable religious writer. Episcopacy and Nonconformity enjoyed the use of his trenchant pen, and from the year 1824 to 1866 (when he died) the Welsh periodical press teemed with his racy and sarcastic jottings. "Brutus" had pleasant conversa- tional abilities, and could be the gentleman penman, or the reverse, whenever it so pleased him. " Brutus " has been called by that revered Churchman, the plain and outspoken John Griffith, of Merthyr, " The Welsh Thackeray." His chief works were published in one large volume in 1856, entitled Briitusianae, Brutus " lies buried in Llywel Churchyard, Breconshire. WILLIAM REES (of Tonn), was head of the great publishing house at Llandovery, which has done more than any other modern press towards enriching Wales with the best of distinctively Welsh literature. Mr. Eees published the works of the Welsh MS. Society. Mr. Eees died on July 13, 1873, aged 66, and the renowned "Llandovery Press" became a thing of the past. Evidently the mantle of this eminent Welsh Caxton has fallen upon Mr. Spurrell, of Carmarthen. Among the works 278 produced at the Llandovery Press were : Liber Llandavensis, Lives of the Cambro-Britisli Saints, Heraldic Visitations of Wales (superb edition), lolo Manuscripts, Meddygon Myddfai, and Mabinogion (three splendid quarto vols.) published at intervals, and completed in 1849. These three superb volumes alone would reflect credit upon the Press of any capital in Europe, and the late Bishop Thirlwall styled Mr. Eees " The Bodoni of Wales." DAYID RHYS STEPHEN was one of the able natives produced by Wales during this 19th century. He was born at Merthyr in 1807. He was the contemporary and personal friend of "Gomer," " Carnhuanawc," " Tegid," ''Brutus," and other distinguished Welshmen who have enriched the Welsh Press with their brilliant productions — men who contributed in a remarkable degree to the securing to Wales and Welshmen of the respect of educated Englishmen. Mr. Stephen was an eminent Baptist minister ; he was located at Newport in 1845, and from thence went to Manchester. He died at Swansea in April, 1852, aged 45. His Life of Christmas Evans " is his principal work, and although he was no bard, he spoke with extraordinary power at eisteddfodau. In the pulpit, in the press, and on the platform, Mr. Stephen gave to Englishmen a new idea of Wales, — of her people, her language, and traditions. ARCHDEACON WILLIAMS (of Cardigan).— One of the most scholarly men Wales has produced during the century was the Yen. Archdeacon Williams, of Cardigan. For many years he was Eector of Edinburgh Academy, afterwards Warden of Llandovery College. He was born at Ystrad-meurig, of which school his father was Head Master, in the year 1792. Perhaps no other name, excepting Bishop Thirlwall, has cast such scholarly lustre on the Principality. He was in his prime when Queen Victoria ascended the throne. To him we owe the following, among other works : — " Homerus," " The Edinburgh Latin Grammar," " Gomer," "Life of Julius Caesar," the Geography of Asia," the Life of Alexander the Great," " Essays on Various Subjects." Archdeacon WiUiams died in the year 1865, at Bushey Heath, near London. 274 The Rev. ROBERT JONES (of Rotherhithe), during a long life, showed himself to be one of the most intelligent literary sons of Wales. He did much by his able articles in antiquarian and national magazines to popularize the study of Welsh literature. He was one of the most frequent contributors to the " Transactions of the Powysland Club," he being a Mont- gomeryshire man, and his contributions on poetry and parochial history and biography are some of the best written in that collection. He was born in 1810 at Llanfyllin, and was Welsh tutor to Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte. In 1864 he edited and published the poetical works of Dr. John Davies, of Mallwyd, and in 1876 he edited an excellent edition of the poetical works of Goronwy Owen. He also found time to edit Salesbury's Welsh- English Dictionary, and from 1876 to the time of his death in 1879 he edited Y Cymrodor." His unique collection of Welsh books went to Swansea Free Library. SIR THOMAS PHILLIPS —Another revered name is that of Sir Thomas Phillips, Q.C., of Llanellen, an able barrister, but withal a Welsh patriot. If there were abuses in Church or State affecting Wales, Sir Thomas was always found a doughty champion. It will be remembered he was knighted by the Queen herself at Windsor Castle for having taken a very gallant course in relation to the Chartist Eiots at Newport. He was, beside, the guest of the Queen for a week at Windsor, and his unaffected, simple, and genuine demeanour in the Royal presence won him golden opinions. But we delight to look upon him as the champion of all Welsh national sentiment and cause of the best kind ; and when the Education Commissioners in 1846 traduced and sadly libelled the fair name and fame of Wales, one of the best and most earnest of her sons who rose to defend Wales and Welshmen was Sir Thomas Phillips. In 1849 he published his able work in reply to the Commissioners, and it is one of the most thorough treatises on the language, social condition, moral character, and religious opinions of the people, considered specially in their relation to education, that has ever 276 been issued. Sir Thomas took a deep interest in Llandovery and Brecon Colleges, and with regard to the latter (Christ College), was the moans, togethar with Lord Llanover, in getting vast abuses set right, and this educational institution placed once again on a firm and useful foundation. Sir Thomas died in May, 18G7. Sir Thomas was called to the Bar in 1842, and was made Q.C. in 18GG. His nephew is the present able Member for the Northern Division of Monmouth (Thomas Phillips Price, Esq.) " lOAN PEDR " (the Rev. John Peter, F.G.S.), who died on the 17th January, 1877, at the early age of 44, was born at Bala, and although he had no early educational advantages, he mastered several modern languages, as well as the more classical. He was made a Fellow of the London Geological Society ; and of Celtic philology, more especially the study of the Welsh language and antiquities, he had great knowledge. Undoubtedly, had he lived, "loan Pedr" would have become one of the great national authorities of the day. As it was, his attainments were high. DAYID MORIER EYANS.— Another name that deserves mention is that of the late David Morier Evans, a Montgomery- shire man, born at Llanidloes in 1819. He was journalist and author. For many years he was connected with the Times and Morning Herald, and subsequently as general manager of the Standard. Unfortunately, in 1872, Morier Evans embarked on a very perilous track and started a daily paper called The Hour, but the venture was a failure and ruined him. He died in 1874, aged 54. He is favourably known as the author of several works on commerce, including the " History of the Commercial Crises in 1847-8 and 1857-8." THOMAS STEPHENS'S ''The History of the Literature of the Cymru" is the standard work on the subject. And it is one of the blots on early eisteddfodau that the bards were intolerant of this able man. Nevertheless, as soon as his masterpiece saw the light, in 1849, it attracted universal 276 attention, and was translated into German. The latest edition of this work was published in 1876, with careful editing by Kev. D. Silvan Evans, and a biographical sketch of Stephens prefaced by Judge B. T. Williams, M.P. and Q.C. Thomas Stephens died 4th January, 1875, aged 53. DR. ROWLAND WILLIAMS, the celebrated son of a literary father, was a distinguished Welsh scholar and poet. He published in 1846, "Lays from the Cymric Lyre"; he won a £500 prize at Cambridge University on " Christianity and Hinduism." In 1849 he published in the Quarterhj Review an article on " Methodism in Wales," and in May, 1855, he issued a remarkable set of twenty sermons, called "Rational Godliness," and was subjected to severe criticism at the hands of his brother clergy in Wales ; he moreover added fuel to the blazing con- troversy by, in 1860, contributing an article called " A Review of Bunsen's Biblical Researches " to the famous Essays and Iieviews. He was Vice-Principal of Lampeter College. He died in 1870, aged 53. Dr. Rowland Wilhams's daughter (Mrs. Pryce, wife of Rev. John Pryce, formerly of Glanogwen, Carn.), and who died in 1882, commenced to publish "Black Letter Saints," and took great interest in British Ecclesiastical Archaeology. THE REY. THOMAS NICHOLAS, Ph.D., well-known for the initial steps he took towards establishing Aberystwith College, published "A Pedigree of the English People," and a pretentious two-volume County and Family History of Wales, entitled " Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales (1872)." Dr. Nicholas was a Congregational minister, and at the Swansea Eisteddfod in 1862 he won the essay prize offered on the subject : "On the origin of the English nation, more especially with reference to the question how far they are descended from the Ancient Britons." The essay was afterwards enlarged and published as above-named. [To be continued). 277 BIBLIOGRAPHY. miTES. LIST OF WELSH DICTIONAEIES (see Page 94, March, 1888). — I have m my possession a copy of a very interesting Welsh Dictionary, briefly and inadequately referred to by '•Morgania," in his list. It is called "British English Dictionary, by Thomas Jones," and published, as stated by him, *' From my house near the figure of the Elephant in Lower Moorfields, London, Sep. 12, 1G87. ' I understand that this Thomas Jones was known as Yr Almanaciwr," for he evidently published an annual almanac, as the following characteristic reference in the vernacular at the end of the book hints : — "Y " mae yn ddrwg iawn gani fod rhai mannau or llyfr hwn, ac om " halmanac am y flwyddyn 1688 gwedi ei hargraphu cyn ddrygced ; mi a delais gymmaint am y mannau gwaetha, ac am ** y mannau goreu : Ac yn wir nid arna i y mae'r bai, ond ar y *' digydwybod argraphyddion. Os arhoswn am lyfrau difai, hyd " oni bo'r argraphyddion yn dda eu cydwybod, gallwn fod fyth ** heb ei cael. Os byddaf fi byw i roddi'r argraphyddion ar waith ymmhellach, byddaf tebyg iawn iw rhwymo (i gymmeryd ei budr waith am eu poen ac) oddiwrth fy nghogio i, a thwyllo'r " wlad. Nid oes myn'f einios yn fyw — Argraphydd Od adwyn nad ydyw Drwy ddiogi a meddwi meddaw, Yn cogio'r byd, goegun baw." Further on, he announces that "Another Dictionary of English " and British is now composed ready for the press and will be " printed within a small time if the sale of this will give " Encouragement thereunto. If not I shall chuse to loose the ** trouble and charges I have been at already, rather than run " the hazard of an Impression to an improbability of Sale." I am not aware that this second instalment has ever been 278 published. Besides this Dictionary, he announces for sale, in Welsh, " The Articles of the Church of England," " The Common Prayer Book," in various Editions, &c., and these may be obtained at his house, at March's shop, under the Sign of the Red Lion, Cataton Street, and at the Bristol and Westchester fairs (Ffeiriau Caerlleon a Chaerodor). A. Emrys-Jones, M.D. Brynderw, Fallowfield, Manchester. •'HAVERFORDWEST."— To the Editor of Old Welsh Chips. — Dear Sir, — I wish to express my gratitude for the valuable " Bibliography of Local and County Histories relating to Wales and Monmouth," contributed by Mr. Henry Blackwell, to your June and July numbers. The writer will, I know, thank me for supplying one item left out. No history of Haverfordwest is put down, though Fenton's " Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire " is named, and this includes Haverfordwest. I wish to name two books written during the present decade by a gentleman still living, and much respected in the town. I give the full titles — in fact, every word that appears upon the title pages : — Old Pembrokeshire Parishes ; Traditions, Histories and Memories Also, Haverfordwest ; Or, '"Tis Sixty Years Since."— Waverley. In a Series of Letters. By Cheistopher Cobb Webbe, Gent. 1881. Llewelyn Brigstocke, Publisher, 7 Market Street, Haverfordwest. This is a small 8vo. cloth-covered volume of fifty-six pages. Its price is one shilling. The next book is by the same author, and has these words upon the title page : — Haverfordwest and Its Story. By Christopher Cobb Webbe, Gent. 1882. Llewelyn Brigstocke, Publisher, 7 Market Street, Haverfordwest, m The title page of this latter work, which is an 8vo. volume of some three hundred pages (price six shillings) I copy from memory, because I cannot at the moment find the volume, and I am just starting for London, when 1 go to Egypt. I have, therefore, no time to look around or to borrow. — I am, yours truly, T. WiTTON Davies. Haverfordwest Baptist College, August 14th, 1888. WELSH NOTES. ^roTES. ST. SWITHIN, A WELSHMAN.— There is a curious passage in the works of Lewys Glyncothi, a celebrated Welsh poet, who flourished about the year 1450. As far as I am aware, very few people are cognisant of the meaning conveyed in the following lines by this eminent old poet : — Gwlad Vrychan am Vorg-an vydd, Ail i gawod Wyl Gewydd ; Deugain niau davnau vydd Ar ruddiau, yw'r Aweddwr. Had the distinguished Welsh critics, " Gwallter Mechain " and "loan Tegid," who edited and annotated the poet's works, known of the name, or, rather, nickname, by which St. Cewydd is spoken of in Glamorganshire, viz., Hen Gewydd y Gwlaw " — (Old Cewydd of the Eain), they would have identified him at once as the W^elsh St. Swithin, though the festival of St. Cewydd does not happen to fall on St. Swithin's Day. According to an old calendar in MS., written about the year 1500, it is set down for the 1st of July. According to " lolo's " MSS., St. Cewydd, who was the son of Caw, of North Britain, was driven out of his country by the Picts, and came, with his children, into Wales. ^80 Some of his sons became saints of the Colleges of Illtyd, Teilo and Catwg, Cewydd being a saint of the latter and the founder of Llangynwydd, near Bridgend. The Welsh for some time past appear to have completely forgotten all about their Old Cewydd of the Eain. They have joined the English in believing the old legend of St. Swithin, and use it as their own, as the following couplet shows : — Os gwlaw sydd ar ddydd Gwyl Switan, Gwlaw ddeugain niwrnod cyvan. It is recorded, but I cannot give any other authority than the Welsh Antiquities," by the late Eev. W. Koberts ("Nevydd"), that it was St. Swithin who prevailed upon Ethelwulf the Saxon King to pass a law establishing the Church tithes, and that he journeyed to Kome and placed the charter on the altar of St. Peter — in order that the Pope might confirm the same. And this, adds Mr. Eoberts, is how the Church is endowed. T. C. Evans. Llangynwydd. THE LOED-LIEUTENANT OF CAEDIG AN SHIRE.— The London Gazette recently contained the following : — " White- hall, July, 1888. — The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for appointing Herbert Davies- Evans, Esq., to be lord-lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county of Cardigan, in the room of Colonel Edward Lewis Pryse, deceased." TO OUR READERS. The September number of Old Welsh Chips will not appear till the end of October, owing to the pressure of other work, and the succeeding numbers will also be delayed a few weeks. We state this so that our subscribers will kindly forbear troubling us with post card enquiries. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : September 30tli, 1888. No. 9. A FAMOUS WELSH JUDGE. In that period which covers the troublous but constitutionally mportant times of the Civil War in this country, two Welsh lawyers of the name of " Jenkins" are heard of — David Jenkins, the "patriotic " Welsh judge, and Sir Leoline Jenkins, still more eminent as an able statesman and learned civilian. Both of these men were born in Glamorganshire, and the latter, who was also much the junior, has a reputation which is widespread in consequence of the responsible part he took in international settlements of existing disputes. But the former was quite a remarkable man, and in his day contributed very effectively to the bitter political and physical strife which w^as going on between the two great national divisions, the Parliament and the Court. Isaac D'Israeli says of him that he w^as " a mighty athlete in the vast arena of the first English Revolution, one of our greatest lawyers, whose moral intrepidity exceeded even ♦* his profound erudition in the laws of our Constitution .... Judge Jenkins takes no station in the page of our historians ; yet he is a statue which should be placed in a niche." He was descended from an ancient and honourable family, and was born at Hensol, in Glamorganshire, about 158G. It is said by Chalmers that he became commoner of Edmund Hall, Oxford, in 1597, that he removed to Gray's Inn after taking his bachelor's degree at his University, and that he rose to a considerable share of practice, and after having been called to the bar, I fil^d, from Mr, W. R. Douthwaite's valuable work on 282 Gray's Inn, that lie was admitted to that ancient society in 1G02, that he became a barrister in 1609, an " ancient" in 1622, and a bencher in 1660. He was elected as Reader, but refused to read, in consequence of the great expense attendant upon this office. It was a position of considerable dignity and importance, and offered great prospective advantages in tlie way of future promotion. He was afterwards appointed one of the judges for South Wales by Charles I., who gave him the patent without exacting the customary fees for it. This office he complained of as not producing much profit, as it cost him twice his annual salary of £80 in travelling expenses. He held it until the rebellion broke out, at which time he, in exercise of his judicial functions, imprisoned and condemned to death many persons in South Wales for higli treason and bearing arms against the King. He was taken prisoner at Hereford, when the forces of the Parliament captured that city, was carried up to London, imprisoned in the Tower, and then, when he was brought before the Chancery Court, denied the authority of the Court, and flatly stated that it was incompetent to pronounce sentence on him. For this con- tempt he was committed to Newgate, impeached of treason, and brought to the Bar of the House of Commons in February, 1648. Mr. Speaker," he said, since you and this house have renounced all your duty and allegiance to your sovereign and liege lord " the king, and are become a den of thieves, should I bow myself " in this house of Rimmon, the Lord would not pardon me in this thing." This determined attitude made no impression upon a House itself equally determined to carry through its measures ; he was consequently, without any trial, and with another Royalist, Sir Francis Butler, found guilty, and the day of execution was fixed. The provoked House were diverted from this design by the facetious speech of Harry Marten, the " Sir Wilfrid " of his time, and instead of the graver punishment, he was fined £1,000 for contempt, committed to Newgate, and his estates confiscated. The Committee of the House, which had cognizance of such cases, visited him in gaol, and made an ofier 283 io liim, thai if lie would own tlieii- power to be lawful, iliey would not only restore bis estates, but settle a pension of £1,000 a year for life in return. Never can I own rebellion, liowever successful, to be lawful ; I would tlierefore rather see your backs than your faces," replied tlie stubborn Welshman. When hfi understood that he was condemned to death, he said : " I will tell you all that I intend to do and say at that time. " First, I will eat much liquorice and gingerbread to strengthen *' my lungs, that I may extend my voice near and far. Multi- " tudes, no doubt, will come to see the old Welsh judge hanged. I shall go with venerable Bracton's book hung on my left " shoulder, and the Statutes at large on my right. I will have " the Bible, with a ribbon put round my neck, hanging on to my breast. I will tell the people that I am brought there to die " for being a traitor, and in the words of a dying man I will tell them that I wish that all the traitors in the kingdom would come to my fate. But the House of Commons never thought me a traitor, else they would have tried me for such, in a legal manner by a jury, according to the custom of this kingdom for " a thousand years. They have, indeed, debarred me from my birthright, a trial by my Peers, that is, a jury : but they knew " that I am not guilty according to law. But since they will have me a traitor, right or wrong, I thought it was just to bring my counsellors with me, for they ought to be hanged as " well as I, for they all along advised me in what I have done. *' Then shall I open Bracton to show them that the supreme power is in the king— the Statute Book to read the oath of allegiance, — and the Bible to show them their duties. All ** these were my evil counsellors, and they must be hanged with me." No further attempt was made to bring him round to the popular side. He remained in prison in Newgate and other places until the restoration of Charles II., when it was intended to make him one of the judges in Westminster Hall, the highest form of judicial officer, but he refused to comply with the usual 284 demands made for fees and perquisites on that occasion. He retired then to his native country, dying on the Gth of December, 1C67, according to Chalmers ; but in a short account now printed, in Aubrey's handwriting, preserved in the Ashmolean Museum, it is stated as follows : — " Judge Jenkins, prisoner .... in ye Tower of London, " Windsor, &c., . . . . yeares for his loyaltie. He would have " taken it kindly to heart to have been made one of ye judges in " Westminster Hall, but would give no money for it. He was of " great courage ; rode in ye lord Gorand's army in Pembrokeshire, " in the forlorn hope, with his long rapier drawne, holding it on " end. Obiit Dec. 3rd, Ao. Dmi., 1663. Sepult at Cowbridge " Church (in the south aisle), in Glamorganshire. No remem- " brance yet (1682) set up for him." He was a lawyer of great ability, and the official lawyers, such as Noy and Banks, often consulted him. During his prison life he wrote voluminously. His vindication of himself and other occasional tracts were printed in 1648. But to the legal pro- fession he is better known as the compiler of " Pieports of eight " hundred cases solemnly adjudged in the Exchequer Chamber, " or upon writs of error from 4 Hen. 3. to 21 J. I. Originally " published in French and Latin." The method he adopted in those reports was a concise statement of the case, a short comment explaining the principles of the doctrine therein con- tained, with such further observations as appeared necessary to illustrate the point of law resolved, and there recorded as an absolute authority. The first edition was published in French, anno 1661, the second in 1734, and the third, translated by Theodore Barlow, in 1771 or 1777. He also pubhshed in 1657, " Pacis consultum : or a Directory to the Public Peace, briefly describing the Antiquity, Extent, Practice, and Jurisdiction of " several County Corporation Coiu'ts, especially the Court Leet." In his introduction to these works, he speaks of their having been composed " amidst the sound of drums and trumpets, ** surrounded with an odious multitude of barbarians, broken with 285 " old age and confinement in prisons, where my fellow-subjects, grown wild with rage, detained me for fifteen years together, I " bestowed many watchful hours upon this performance." He also paid a tribute of great respect to Lord Coke, who was equally as stubborn for the rights of Parliament and the privileges of the people as Jenkins was for the kingly right of prerogative. He says of him that * ' power could not break him nor favour bend him," but our courtier countryman pathetically remarks that the only fault in him was that he was thought to go to too great lengths with a Republican party, and that there are a few pas- sages in his works by which he seems to bridle the sovereign and give the reins to the people." It would be outside the limits of this magazine to enter upon a discussion as to the principles Judge David Jenkins suffered for. But we have seen already what determination and loyalty he was capable of, and it would be difficult for an impartial looker on to censure him for having held such rigid, conservative, and technical views of what the laws of his country really meant. He was one of those lawyers whose devotion to the strict forms and letter of the law produce greater mischief than if they interpreted it in a looser but more equitable and rational fashion, and thus the narrow view which he was compelled to take would justify him in a blind devotion to the current ideas of divine right and kingly virtues. He quotes with approval the following dicta : " We neither will nor can change the ancient law,'' and " The law of God and the law of the land are all one.'' Since his time, how- ever, more enlightened ideas of jurisprudence, constitutional law and history, have been developed and disseminated, and it is perfectly true to say that the controversies which took place in those times, and with which the name of Judge David Jenkins will always be associated, played no inconsiderable part in open- ing up the entangled paths which have led to a healthier knowledge and appreciation of sound political principles. Ivor Bo"s\tn» Gray's Inn. 286 ONE OF THE EARLIEST AVELSH HISTORIES. THE HISTORY OF WALES. Written originally in Welsh, •* by Caradoc of Llancarvan : translated into English by Dr. " Powell ; and augmented by W. Wynne, Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; to which is added a Description of Wales, " by Sir John Price. A new edition, greatly improved and ** enlarged with Pedigrees of Families. Mertliyr Tydfil : ** Printed by W. Williams. 1812. Eoyal 8vo. xxxiii-xlvi. 394 pp." This is an octavo reprint of an early work bearing upon Welsh History and Pedigrees. The reprint was made 76 years ago, and since that period (1812) it is almost needless to state that the principles upon which our early historical -writers " settled " Wales have been greatly discounted and altered. There is no doubt than many of the earlier attempts at Welsh History compiling were confined to simply copying and handing down from generation to generation traditionary " facts " and untrustworthy pedigree treatises. However, the book before us is generally looked upon as one of our most reliable authorities on early Welsh History. As the title indicates, the book repre- sents the labours of several learned Welshmen, commencing with Caradawg, of Llangarvan, a learned monk, who is supposed to have died in the year 1157, to which period he had brought down his history. What Caradawg wrote in Welsh was translated into English by Humphrey Llwyd, who lived much later than Caradawg,— in fact, 400 years later. He left a translation of Caradawg's work, with added notes in MS., in 1559, but it was not till 1584 that the work was printed, and then it was issued by a third noted Welshman — Dr. David Powel, with this title : " The Historie of Cambria, now called Wales, a part of the most *' famous Yland of Brytaine : written in the Brytish language aboue two huudreth yeares past. Translated into English by 287 " H. Lhoyd, Gentleman. Corrected, Augmented, and Continued out of Kecords and Best Approoued Authors, by Dauid Powel, Doctor in Diuinitie. Cvm Priuilegio, [1584] ." This was a quarto work, and a reprint of it was issued in 1811. But there are still two other names of the highest scholarly respectability that had a hand in this same work, namely. Sir John Price, of the Priory, Brecknock, a man who was in high favour at Henry VIII. 's Court, and who was contemporary with Humphrey Llwyd, and died in 1573, more than ten years before Dr. Powel issued his Historic of Cambria." The other, the Eev. William Wynne, who died in 1760. Therefore, we may say that from first to last this pioneer Welsh History bears the scholarly impress of five emuient Cambrians. The preface of thirty-three pages is written by Mr. Wynne, who, after mentioning the labours of his predecessors, says : This being the sole history [1584 work of Dr. Powel] of " the Princes of Wales, and the only edition of this history, I was " moved to prepare it for another impression, by new modelling " the language, making the body of the history entire." Following Mr. Wynne's preface comes Sir John Price's " Description of Cambria, now called Wales." The "Descrip- tion " seems to have been augmented by Humphrey Llwyd, so it is difficult to say where Sir John Price ends and Llwyd com- mences. There are forty-sixty pages of very interesting reading on our early national history. Then comes the History proper, commenced as we have have already seen by Caradawg, added to by Humphrey Llwyd, and finally published in 1584 by Dr. Powel. All subsequent Welsh Histories have been founded upon the labours of these five Welsh scholars, and the most successful and more fully amphfied work is that of the late Miss Jane Williams, " Ysgafell," to which are added many facts gleaned from the Public Eecords. A word or two about the five authors of our first Welsh History will be interesting. ^88 Caradawg of Llangarvan, must not be confounded with Caradawg, the eminent Breconshire saint. Caradawg wrote the History of Wales from the abdication of Cadwaladr, king of the Britons, in the year 686, to his own time, 1157, in which year he died. Humphrey Llwyd was the son and heir of Robert Llwyd, Esq., of Foxhall, co. Denbigh. He was educated at Brazcnose College, Oxford, and he practised as a physician, and was subse- quently M.P. for the borough of Denbigh. He was a thorough antiquarian, and published several w^orks, but this, his chief work, was not published in his lifetime. Llwyd died in 1568, aged 41, and lies buried in the parish church of Denbigh. Sir John Price has already been mentioned in these pages ; he it was who materially brought about the Re-union of Wales to England (temp. Henry VIII.). He was an accomplished scholar, and his son Richard was the contemporary and friend of Shakespeare. The contributions of these three historians remained in manuscript, and it was reserved for Dr. David PowEL to supply the deficiency. About this time Sir Henry Sidney was Lord President of the Marches of Wales, and it was at his solicitation that Dr. Powel, who was Sir Henry's chaplain, published and completed Caradawg' s and Llwyd's unfinished work, the MS. copy of which was in the possession of Sir Henry Sidney. Dr. Powcl, who was a native of Denbighshire, enriched the work with many valuable additions, and published it in quarto in 1584. He will also be remembered as having rendered essential assistance to Dr. Morgan in the translation of the Holy Scriptures into Welsh. Dr. Powel was Vicar of Ruabon when h3 died in 1598. The last addition made to this work was by the Rev. William WyxVne, an excellent Welsh poet, who took his M.A. at Jesus College, Oxford. He died on January 22nd, 1760, aged 55. The Editor. 280 THE LATE LORD NEWBOROUGII. On Thursday, Nov. 1st, 1888, Spencer Bulkeley Wynn, third Baron Newborongh, in the Irish peerage, died at his residence, Glynlhfon Park, Carnarvonshire, at the age of 85 years. Lord Newborough's decease removes from Carnarvonshire a great personalty. His lordship had held the estates for the unpre- cedented long period of fifty-six years. The title was created in 1776, and from that period until now — 112 years — only three peers have held the title, giving nearly a forty years' holding to each baron ! The late Lord Newborough was born on May 23rd, 1803, and was consequently in his eighty-sixth year. He was educated at Rugby and Oxford, and succeeded the second baron (an unmarried brother) in 1832. From 1844 to 1877 he filled the onerous position of Chairman of the Carnarvonshire Court of Quarter Sessions ; in 1847 was High Sheriff of Anglesey, and in 1859 High Sheriff of Carnarvonshire. He married, in 1834, Frances Maria, eldest daughter of the Eev. Walter de Winton, of Hay Castle, county of Brecknock, and Lady Newborough died on the 18th November, 1857. Frances Glyn, daughter and co heiress of John Glyn, Esq., married Thomas Wynn, Esq., of Bodvean, and it was this marriage that united the families of Glynllifon and Bodvean. The family of Glynllifon traces its ancestry back to Cilmin Troed-du of the fourth noble tribe of North Wales, and was nephew of Merfyn Frych, King of Man, and came from the north of Britain. Cilmin Troed-du, or the Black Foot," is said to have flourished about 830, and, according to the legend, his foot became discoloured while escaping from an evil spirit whose books he had assisted a magician to steal. In leaping over a brook, which was to be the limit of the pursuit, Cilmin 's left leg plunged into the water and assumed its black colour. He is said to have been supreme judge of North Wales. From Cilmin Troed-du were descended the Glynns, which family became extinct in the male line during last century. Frances, 290 the sole heiress of Glynlhfon, married Thomas Wymi, and the family of Wynn is linked with the Wynns of Gwydir, the Wynns of Wynnstay, the Wynns of Foelas, and Wynne of Ystumcedig and Wern. This family traces its ancestry back to Collwyn ap Tangno, Lord of Lleyn, Eifionydd and Ardud\^y, about the beginning of the 11th century. Collwyn is said to have resided at one time in Bron wen's tower at Harlech, calling the same town from his own name Caer Collwyn. Sir Hywel y Fwyall, descended of Collwyn, is described in the Cambrian llegister as having been a " noble warrior who was in the battle of Poictiers '* with the Black Prince, when the French king was taken " prisoner, where, with his pole-axe, he behaved himself so " valiantly that the Prince made him a knight, and allowed a " mess of meat to be served before hie axe or partizan for ever in " perpetual memory of his good service; which mess of meat, " after his death, was carried down to be given to the poor for " his soul's sake, and the said mess had eight yeomen attendants '* formed at the King's charge, who were afterwards called " yeomen of the Crown, and lasted to the beginning of Queen " Elizabeth's reign. Sir Hywel had also the constableship of " the Castle of Criccieth and the rent of Dee mills at Chester for " the term of his life." John Wynn, Esquire, of Bodvel, for his distinguished services as standard bearer in the battle of Norwich m 1549, obtained the grant of the Isle of Bardsey (which still belongs to his descendants), and of the Abbot of Bardsey 's demesne house near Aberdaron. Sir Thomas Wynn, Bart, (equerry to George the Second), descended from Thomas Wynn, Esquire, of Boduan, or Bodvean, youngest son of the before- mentioned John Wynn, married Frances, heiress of the Glynllifon estate. At one time it would appear as though the surname Bodvel was in use. Turning again to the Glynne family, it is to be noted that the distinguished lawyer. Sir John Glynne, was born at Glynllifon in 1602, and gained a prominent position at the bar. During the Commonwealth he was Chief Justice, and after the Restoration managed to gain favour with George the 201 Second, who knighted him. Sir John Glynnc purchased the Hawarden Castle Estate and died in 16GG, and the ktc Sir Stephen Eichard Glynne was his hneal descendant. Sir Stephen dying in 1871 without issue, the estates came into possession of his sister Catherine, wife of the Eight Hon. Wilham Ewart Gladstone. Glynllifon, named from its situation in the Glyn or ^'ale of Llifon, is a very fine mansion with every appointment suitable to a great house. It stands in a magnificent park surrounded by a ring-fence of several miles in circumference, and contains a menhir, a fort, a mausoleum, a museum of ancient armour. Sec. Glynllifon has been a place of note for 100 years. The late baron is succeeded by his grandson. Lord Newborougli's eldest son died in 1878 in his 37th year. Lord Newborough's other children are Hon. Charles Henry, born 1817, of Eug, Corwen ; the Hon. Frederick George, born 1858, unmarried and resident at Glynllifon ; the Hon. Frances Maria, the Hon. Emily Annina, married to Murray Gladstone, Esq. ; the Hon. Ellen Glyn, and the Hon. Isabella (Viscountess Hill). The deceased baron was buried on Tuesday, November 6th, in the family vault in Llandwrog churchyard, but it appears his remains will find only a temporary resting-place here. In the course of conversation at the luncheon, after the funeral, Mr. Eoberts, the late lord's agent, surprised the company by announcing that when summer comes and the necessarily elaborate preparations are made, his lordship's remains would be removed for final interment to Bardsey Island. This was Lord Newborough's express wish, and he directed Mr. Eoberts to insert a clause in his will to this effect. The idea is not only romantic, but characteristic of his lordship, who was known to be remark- ably faithful to his word. It appears that he had promised his tenantry on the island to pay them a visit ; and he on a certain day attempted to make good his promise. The weather, how- ever, was too boisterous for crossing from the mainland, and the mtention had to be abandoned. Subsequently his lordship expressed the wish still to keep his promise, and that, as failing health rendered it impossible for him to go to Bardsey, as expected, he should be buried there at last — on the "holy," historic island, which came into the possession of the New- borough family through Sir John Wynn ap Hugh, of Bodval, in the time of Edward VI., in recognition of distinguished services in the battle of Norwich. Lord Newborough always took great interest in Bardsey and its inhabitants, and raised therein a monument to the memory of the 20,000 saints who are reputed to have found a resting-place in its soil. It is understood that Lord Newborough 's successor on the Glynllifon Estate will be his youngest son, the Hon. Frederick Wynn, who has been always very deservedly popular among the tenantry. The heir to the title of the late Baron — Master William Charles, son of the late Hon. T. J. Wynn, is at school in Germany. The present young Lord Newborough is in his IGth year, having been born in 1873. SALE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LATE EDWARD BREESE, ESQ., F.S.A., OF PORTMADOC. [Continued from Page 257.] Another lot of twenty-one volumes, " sold with all faults,*' was secured by Sotheran for 82s., and included Life of Howel Harris, printed at " Trevecka " in 1792; Owen's Cambrian Biography 1808, Morgan's British Kymry 1857, Howell ap David Price's Genuine Life 1752, Caradoc's History of Wales 1677, Vavasor Powel's Concordance to the Bible 1671, Burton's History of Wales 1750, Memoirs of James Davies of Devauden (by the late Sir Thomas Phillips, who was Mayor of Newport during the Chartist Riots in 1889, and was not only knighted by 293 Her Majesty, but was a royal guest at Windsor for more than a week); K. Williams's Welsh Biographies 1836, " Creaton " Jones's Eomo No Mother Church 1()78, etc. Mr. Scarce secured nineteen odd volumes for £2 14s., amongst them being another work from the Trefecca Press, viz., Fisher's Mer Difinyddiaeth Jachus neu Bortreiad 1782, W. Penn's Prif Cristianogrwydd 1790, etc. Lot 104, including Pennant's Tours 1810, and his Journey from Chester to London, four large paper vols., Warrington's Wales (printed at Brecon in 1823), Evans's History and Topo- graphy of North Wales, Malkin's South Wales 1807, etc., £2 14s. — General Jones. Pennant's British Zoology, 4 vols., 1812, 6s., Mr. Vincent Evans. Lot 106, including the Dolgelly edition of 1822 of C. Edwards's Y Ffydd Ddiffnant, J. Thomas's Hanes y Bedyddwyr 1778 (defective), D. Peter's Hanes Crefydd yn Nghymru 1810, a scarce work by Moses Williams entitled Cofresti Print fedig yn y Cymraeg 1717, Cylch-Grawn Cynmraeg, (imperfect, printed at Trefecca, and one of the first but not by any means the last imsuccessful attempts to provide broad-minded and healthy periodical literature for the people in the language of the people) ; Gomer's Gweithiau Awdurol 1839, Cyfrinach y Beirdd 1829, etc. (15 vols., some with faults) to Mr. Eidler for £2 14s. Then followed a translated work by Humphrey Lhoyd, black-letter, which fell to Mr. Downing for 82s., and the 1874 edition of the late J. Koland Phillips's Memoirs of the Civil War in Wales and the Marches, with three other volumes on Oxford- shire history, fetched 14s. only — Mr. D. LI. Thomas. 'Another of the bigger lots was the collections of the Powys-Land Club, 13 volumes and 11 odd numbers, sold to Mr. Sotheran for eleven sovereigns. Four exclusively Welsh books, including Carnhuan- awc's History of Wales, and a work by the present Dr. Basil Jones, Bishop of Saint David, entitled " Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd," and published eight -and-thirty years ago, went to Mr. Eobert Jones for one guinea. 294 For 15s. Mr. Sotlieran picked up Sir Jolin Wynne's History of the Gwydir Family, edition 1770, Llewelyn Prichard's Heroines of Welsh History, and other works making up seven volumes. Four guineas secured to Mr. Quaritcli 11 volumes, among the numher a soiled copy of the 1G81 edition of Eees Prichard's Divine Poems, Llyfr y Eesolution 1G84, and Bishop Jewel's Apology in Welsh 1670. Two editions of Prichard's Canwyll y Cymru fetched respectively 12s. and 10s., and a work of a very clerical smack entitled *' The Priest in Absolution," went to Mr. Sotlieran for £2 8s. Thirty-three volumes next fell to Mr. Sotlieran for £2 10s., including many English works translated into Welsh, temp. 1700-1789, and among them works printed at Trefecca, and a volume printed at Bristol in 1743, by Daniel Kowlands, called " Traethawd am farw i'r Ddeddf, a Byw i Dduw." An exceedingly cheap lot next fell to Mr. Sotlieran for 15s., and consisted of nine Welsh Grammars and Dictionaries. Wliere were the Welsh etymologists to let this lot go a-begging ? Included were two copies of the 1809 edition cf J. Davies's Antiquse Linguns, with Tegid's autograph. A lot of fourteen volumes of psalms, hymns, and catechisms in Welsh, went to Mr. Quaritch for £2 3s. The Denbigh 1832 edition of W. Owen Pugh's Welsh Dictionary, two volumes, with portrait, sold for £2 16s. We must hurry on, as we find we are only just half through the catalogue, and the buyers from now to the end were nearly always the same men as those we have already repeatedly men- tioned. The following are some of the further prices realized : — W. J. Bees' Cambro-Britisli Saints, Llandovery, 1853 — £1 13s. Edmund Jones' Apparitions, Peter Boberts' Early History of the Cymry, Llewelyn's Account of the Welsh Editions of the Bible, etc.— £2 10s. W. Gambold's Welsh Grammar, soiled, and others — 14s. Kichards' and Evans's Welsh Diction- aries — lis. Peter Boberts's Cambrian Popular Antiquities 1815, and other books — £1 8s. Boderick's Welsh Dictionary, printed 295 at Shrewsbury in 1737 — £1 12s. The late Canon Wilhams's edition of Y Saint Greal — 19s. Skene's Four Ancient Books of Wales — £1 7s. Spurrell's Carmarthen, Catherall's Oswestry, Ehys' Welsh Philology, and other works — 15s. Stephen's Literatui'e of tlio Cynny, and otlicr works — 15s. Bishop Tanner's Notitia Monastica, Oxford 1G95, and a work by the late Sir Thomas Phillips, Index to Cartularies, privately printed at Middle Hill in 1839— £1 lis. Another copy of Stephen's Literature of the Cymry, well-bound — IGs. Canon Thomas's History of the Diocese of St. Asaph, 1874 — IGs. Thomas's Glendower, Parry's Cambrian Plutarch, Hughes's Hora? Britan- mc£e, Davies's Welsh Botanology, and the Life and Letters of Charles of Bala (fairly cheap lot) — £1 13s. A set of Welsh Guides and Tours, including Hutton, Torbuck, Freeman and Evans, and Britton's Monmouth, 14 volumes — 18s. Williams's Eminent Welshmen, printed at Llandovery in 1852, and several other books — 16s. Browne Willis' Surveys of the Four Welsh Cathedrals, plates and portraits, bound in six volumes, half calf — £3 7s. Gd. Browne Willis' Notitia Parliamentaria, three volumes, scarce, 1730-50 — £1 8s. A large paper copy of Browne Willis's St. Asaph, reprint by E. Edwards at Wrexham in 1801 —16s. Woodward's Wales, with plates, 1863— £1. This concluded the octavos, and some notice of the prices fetched for the quartos and folios will follow. The Editor. PROFESSOR FREEMAN ON WELSH HISTORIES." We gave in our last number (p. 258) Mr. Gladstone's remarks on the absence of a thoroughly good and comprehensive '* History of Wales." It is singular that some twelve years ago Professor Freeman, the Historian, gave vent to a similar opinion at the meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, held 296 in Abergavenny, when he made an eloquent plea in behalf of what he termed " a comprehr nsive and critical History of Wales." Dr. Freeman tlion addressed the Association on tlie liigh " importance of the history of Wales as part of the history of " Britain, and the extreme need of applying better helps than can " be fomid at present for those who wish to study the history of " Wales as part of the history of Britain. He might sum up *' what he had to say in a very short sentence — there is no " really good history of Wales, and there ought to be one .... " The history of Wales is an essential part of the history of " England. For many centuries dealings w^ith Wales formed a very considerable part of the business of every English ruler. There were constant dealings, and without a knowledge of the land and people with whom those dealings were carried on " English history was imperfect. He contended that the two " were interwoven — English and Welsh .... But if a man " wishes to master Welsh history, either for its o^m sake, or as " a source of illustration for English history, how is he to begin " his studies? From his own experience he proceeded to show " how the Welsh belonged to the English, and although he did " not know the Welsh language, he had learned sufficient to make out the meaning of words. He had arrived at the con- " elusion that there was no really critical history of Wales. In " short, the history of Wales required to be treated as the history of most other parts of Europe have already been treated. Why should that not be done ? The subject was worthy of an historian of the highest order. The man to do it must be a *' Welshman, but not a mere Welshman ; he must be a man who is a Welshman and something more. He must be a man who can rise above pseudo-national prejudices, understand evidence, and distinguish truth from falsehood, and history from legend. They must not expect a perfect genius, but one who would " give industrious attention to the task. If there be such an " one, let him arise, and gird up his loins, and go to his work " forthwith, and may all good luck go with him." 297 JOSEPH HARRIS, OF TREVECCA. An esteemed correspondent writes — *'Do you know any- *' thing of Howel Harris' brother. He held some post in London ** under Government, and pubhshed several books — I think on *' finance. A few words about him in Old Welsh Chips will " oblige." Howel Harris had two brothers — Thomas and Joseph. Thomas amassed a considerable fortune in London as a fashionable tailor and Government contractor, which we are told enabled him to retire to his native county, where he purchased the estates of Tregunter, Trefecca, and other property in the neighbourhood, which produced him a rent-roll of about one thousand a year. He was High Sheriff of Breconshire in 1768 ; he died September 23rd, 1782, aged 77. Howel Harris's elder brother, Joseph Harris, was a man of more note than Thomas. We learn that from his humble position of village blacksmith," Joseph Harris rose up to a responsible situation at The Mint, London. His office here was to examine whether the impression of the coins was perfect as they came from the press, and of full weight. During his life he was noted for being a great proficient in every branch of scientific knowledge ; as an author he published several works on different subjects, political included — his talents in this direction being well known to the ministers then in power. He invented several mathematical instruments, and wrote numerous astronomical and mathematical treatises, but his name was only put to one of his works, a " Treatise on Optics," printed after his decease in 1775. This was only part of a much larger work, which he had intended to write, and is still held in estimation. He was a very diffident and modest man, and this accounts for so little being known of such a learned scientist and politician. He died in the Tower of London on September 26th, 1764, aged 62, and was buried there. On his monument in Talgarth Church it is said **that he invented many mathematical instruments, and his 298 " political talents were well-known to the ministers in his day, " who failed not to improve upon all the wise and learned ideas ** which greatness of mind, candour, and love of his country, led ** him to communicate." He married one of the daughters and heiresses of Thomas Jones, of Tredustan. The Editor. LLEWELYN AND HIS BAEDS. By John Walters, B.A., Scholar of Jesus College, Oxford. Published in a thin Octavo, in 1780. Llewelyn ah Griffith, last of the Welsh princes, in the early part of his life gave Edward I. a personal overthrow in the Marches, which that king's revengeful spirit never forgave. He conceived a lasting hatred of him, which he pursued through every reverse of fortune, with an unrelenting severity. An acci- dent gave him an advantage over the Welsh prince, which his valour and conduct were unable to obtain. Elinor, daughter of the Earl of Leicester, who, residing at a nunnery at Montargis in France, and who was betrothed to Llewelyn, sailing for Wales, with her brother Almeric, was taken off the Isles of Scilly by four ships from Bristol, and imprisoned in the Castles of Corfe and ^ii'burn. Edward, who knew Llewelyn's extreme love of Elinor, made this advantage the ground of very humiliating conditions, to which the Welsh prince acceded. This treaty, by which Elinor was restored to her lover, granted to Edward an enormous tribute, and an extensive tract of the Welsh territory, with homage for the mutilated part which remained to Llewelyn ; and admitted English lords into the bosom of North Wales. The Welsh, impoverished and weakened by this cruel bondage, and heavily oppressed by their new masters, revolted : an unequal struggle ensued, which terminated in the death of the prince, and the entire subjection of Wales to the crown of England. 299 In Mona's groves, whose savage glooms Close thick o'er ruin'd fanes and tombs, Which, from the world secluded far, Ne'er echoed to the voice of war ; In fair Aberfraw's princely towers Llewelyn wore the joyless hours. On each new scene, whate'er he chose, The banquet or his short repose, The form of captive Ellen stole, And sadden'd all his mighty soul. Two rival bards contending came, And tuned the harp's harmonious frame ; They traced him to a Druid grove, The refuge of despairing love. Famed Lygad first, to rouse his lord, Told all the fame his dreadful sword Had won, and how a youth he rose. And vanquish'd his surrounding foes. " Brave prince, from ancient Beli sprung, Thou darling theme of Cambria's tongue ! Brave prince, immortal gifts are mine, And skill of poesy divine, (Each gift the good and wise approve, The gift descended from above.) Ah never to despondence yield. Prayer's misfortune's tenfold shield. Son of the Sylvan boar, behold ! Thy future triumphs I unfold. But first with haughty Edward's fall Thy youthful conquests I recall, The clash of swords, the buckler's ring. Thy sore defeat of England's king. When wondering Menai's silver flood Was stain 'd with streams of crimson blood. And list'ning Arvon's rocky shore Responsive swell'd the battle's roar. On came thy bands — arousing fears. Quick as the lightning of their spears ; Like waves, alternate on the shore Eoll'd the ranks that stream'd with gore. Llewelyn, such thy former deeds, A longer, nobler, train succeeds. But if with love's inglorious flame.. Forgetful of thy former fame, 800 Thy eagle heart inactive pine, And Cambria to her fate resign — Ah ! Heaven — what dark'ning gloom appears To darken thy retiring years ! O'er distant Vaga's sable stream I hear the hovering raven scream ! Breaker of shields, assert thy throne, And fame and empire are thine own." Won by the bard's persuasive skill, Llewelyn felt his altered will : He felt, and scarce could love control The new-born ardour of his soul. " Sound the golden lyre again. Strike once more that magic strain. At which my heart, transported, bounds As when the horn of battle sounds : Lift the lay and strike the string That waked the soul of Gwyneth's king ; Who set his captive warriors free. And led them on to victory. Kindle, bard, the sacred fire That sleeps, and call forth all the lyre Within whose deep mysterious cells The spirit of enchantment dwells. *' Edward, thy fierce revenge I see ! Why dealt my lance a wound to thee ? Or wherefore find no vital part, Nor welter m thy cruel heart ? Thrice fatal, though victorious day ! Unseen repentance and dismay Lurk'd in thy rear : the wounds I gave Eeturn upon me — vainly brave ! Edward, at length thy pride appears. Too real were my boding fears. Li forests bred, a savage beast. Thou ne'er has tasted woman's breast, I hear with mingled rage and pain. Thy threats, thy terms of high disdain ; I see thy dark ungenerous art, And wrath enflames my swelling heart. Poet of the lofty strain, Strike the sounding lyre again." 801 " Yes, warlike prince — from heaven descend The numbers of thy loyal friend. Mean is my garb, yet on my tongue Dwells the immortal gift of song. Chief of the golden border'd shield, Forsake not Glory's martial field — Terror of land, and sea, and skies, Dark eagle of the north, arise ! In peace, thy Cambria's guiding star, Her anchor in the storm of war. Each doubt of Ellen's faith remove. For jealousy's the bane of love. Watch'd by heaven's unsleeping eye, Her charms the power of lust defy. Thine be the prize, those peerless charms, Oh, snatch her from the tyrant's arms ! See, Edward — trembling on thy throne. The march of Mona's dragon son. Whose dread return shall soon destroy Thy carols of triumphant joy. Brave warriors wait his wide command, And death still issues from his hand : Confusion and despair inclose Llewelyn's fierce perfidious foes ; Before his face they fled away Like spectres at the glimpse of day. Where, champions, may ye now be found ? Pierced deep with many a grizly wound, Bleaching ye lie, and ghastly pale, In bleak December's frosty gale. Adorn'd once more with warlike mail, Llewelyn, princely hero, hail ! The Saxon host thy sword shall quell, Thy power prophetic bards foretell : All Britain shall again be ours ! And in the fair Brigantian towers To Ellen, then no longer coy. Thy partner of imperial joy. And Cambria's maids, for beauty sung, The harp of Cambria shall be strung. Bend, lion heart, thy shining bow. And fire the castles of the foe. — See, thy steed's exulting prance. Lift aloft thy lightning lance, Pierce the squadrons, break the bands, And with thy red victorious hands 302 Tear the trappings, strip the car, And all the ornaments of war ; The banners won with bleeding toils, And deck thy palace with the spoils. Enraptured bards with cheerful songs Shall hail thee in a hundred tongues ; And when the lord of Arvon's shore Is hail'd with songs and harps no more — Know, prince of Cambria, in the grave Golden slumbers wait the brave ; When time's great period shall arrive As bards the lore of druids give, And yawning elements unfold The hoary depths of ocean old. They from the wreck of worlds shall rise Serene, and dwell among the skies." The caves of Arvon o'er the main Answer'd the inspiring strain. With great delight and scorn of fate The lord of Mona list'ning sat : In each new strain new rapture came. And kindled high the struggling flame ; To grasp his weapon's hilt he tried. But swordless was the hero's side ; Then had he rush'd to seek the foe. But list ! he hears a sound of woe. Stay, generous chief, Llewelyn, stay ! Thy Grono wakes the plaintive lay ; God too hath pour'd upon my tongue The deep and wondrous gift of song. Ah ! think, the wounds thou dealest, all On Ellen's captive charms must fall. If thou revenge, shall Ellen live ? Or Edward thy success forgive ? Bright as the bursting wave was she Who cross'd the bursting wave for thee. Fair flower of France, a captive's doom Is hers, to blight her virgin bloom. From rich Montargis' holy walls She comes — for her Llewelyn calls — Loud the storm, and rough the wave. Thee she implores, thy love to save. Ah cruel were the bleak winds shrill. But still more cruel Edward's will, 808 But thou, of all, most cruel far, If ruthless, thou resolve on war : For in the hour thy armies rise, Prince ! in that hour thy Ellen dies." When in Llewelyn's wounded ear All woful thrill'd a name so dear. Ah, then arose the sudden sigh. The tear stood trembling in his eye ; Gorono waked with softest art The deep affections of his heart. " Oh bards !" the tortur'd chief returns, My breast with varying passion burns, Fond hope the ties of duty rends. The lover with the prince contends. For ah, my Ellen ! sweetest maid That ever was by truth betray'd, Ah, from thy lover, absent long Thy loss is like the funeral song Poet of the mournful strain. Touch the trembling lyre again." EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY (PAST AND PRESENT). (Continued from Page 276). CARNHUANAWC : The Rev. Thomas Price, of Cwmdu. —One of the most distinguished figures in eisteddfodau during the early stages of her Majesty's reign was Carnhuanawc, the Welsh scholar, historian, and literateur. For thirty years, from 1819 to 1848, he shed quite a lustre around eisteddfodau, and the great of all nations sat at his feet. The Rev. Thomas Price was the son of a rural clergyman in Breconshire, and he was born on the 2nd October, 1787, at Pencaerelin, in the wild district of Llanafan-fawr, in Breconshire. He early manifested a taste for his ancient native literature, was an antiquarian, could make a genuine Welsh harp, and was an adept at sketching, and could 804 do a respectable piece of line engraving. He also early imbibed a thorough knowledge of the Breton tongue, and wrote disquisitions showing its similarity and derivation from the old Cymric tongue. He was the friend of the somewhat eccentric Lady Esther Stanhope, of the late Baron Bunsen, and the late Lord Llanover. His fine intellectual and commanding presence ever ensured him a warm reception at eisteddfodau in North and South Wales. He was withal the friend, compeer, and opponent of Thomas Stephen, of Merthyr. Although Carjjhuanawe was one of the bright and shining lights of his day, his modesty and bashfulness kept him from soliciting favours off his friends, and he remained a plain country rector all his days. But we have here to do with him more in his literary or national character, and here he held the field against all comers. His orations were scholarly, his eloquence in defence of Wales and her national institutions - manly, his introduction generally was solely that of his own graceful person combined with the modest consciousness of worth and talent ; and by one who noted the graceful presence of the great bard, we are told that he electrified his audience with his eloquence, and it was something to see him in the full tide of his national enthusiasm — he was the personification of the nation of the Cymry, inspired, too, by the best aspirations of the whole noble race to which he belonged, designated by Milton as ' * an old and haughty nation, proud in arms." Carnhuanawc's first contribution to the native literature of the Principality was a series of papers on the Celtic language, published in the Seven Gomer, and such was the extraordinary knowledge of Cymric literature and Welsh bardic poetry displayed by the writer, that he soon attracted the notice and commendation of his fellow literary countrymen, and subsequently he received the bardic title of *' Carnhuanawc," which was the signature he appended to this series of articles. His chief literary labour was Banes Cymru, commenced in the year 1837 and concluded in 18'12 ; it was published in fifteen parts, and made a closely-printed octavo book of 798 pages. This work contained the gathered 806 stores of his past life : it is distinguished by learned erudition and critical work of the highest character ; and he would take long journeys to verify even single facts. If this work was translated into English, and brought down to the present time, it would hold its own as one of the best national histories of Wales. It is chiefly taken up with an account of Wales, its language, and inhabitants from the earliest ages to the death of Prince Llewelyn ab Gruifydd. Carnhuanawc's other chief literary efforts were : An Essay on the Phyaiognomy and Physiology of the Present Inhabitants of Britain, 1829 ; An Essay on the Geographical Progress of Empire and Civilization — 1844, translated and printed in German in the Augsburg Gazette of September 23rd, and afterwards appeared in English in the AthencBiim of December 14th of the same year ; The Comparative Merits of the Eemains of Ancient Literature in the Welsh, Irish, and Gaelic languages, and their value in elucidating the Ancient History and the Mental Cultivation of the Inhabitants of Britain, Ireland, and Gaul — 1845 (took the £87 prize offered at Abergavenny Eistedd- fod (adjudicator, the late Dr. Prichard) ; An Essay on the Influence which the Welsh Traditions have had on the Literature of Europe — 1838 (an unsuccessful essay sent in to the Aber- gavenny Eisteddfod, the adjudicator, Mr. Hallam, the Historian, awarding the prize to J. D. Hardinge, Esq., of Glanogwr, Glamorganshire, chiefly, it is supposed, for that gentleman's work showing a superiority over Carnhuanawc's in diction ; The best History in Welsh of the Welsh Princes — 1840 (awarded £30 prize and medal at Liverpool Eisteddfod in June) ; A Critical Essay on the History of the Language and Literature of Wales — 1848 (sent in to compete at Abergavenny Eisteddfod, when the prize was awarded to the late Thomas Stephen, of Merthyr) ; An Historical Account of the Statutes of Rhuddlan — 1848 (Prize Essay at Abergavenny Eisteddfod in October). This was Carnhuanawc's last attempt, and it is somewhat remarkable that the envelope in which Carnhuanawc's name was placed was sealed by him with the impress of the dying gladiator. In the following ^06 month (November) the great bard died, and on November 13th he was buried in Cwmdu churchyard. Carnhuanawc also translated the Scriptures into the Breton language. He was undoubtedly a man of great parts — a man who would tower above his fellows even in the present day. THE REY. THOMAS JONES (The Poet Preacher).— The Eev. Thomas Jones, whose death all Wales deeply mourned in 1883, has been fitly called the " Poet Preacher of Wales." Originally a Welsh collier boy, Jones was ordained minister of Bryn Chapel, Llanelly, which he left for the pastorate of the united churches of Hermon and Tabor, in Llandilo. He afterwards went to Morriston, whence in 1858 he removed to London to become minister of Albany Chapel, Kegent's Park. He, later, accepted charge of Bedford Chapel, Camden Town, to which his eloquence attracted overflowing congregations, amongst whom might have been discovered such men as the venerable Dr. Leifchild, James Stratten, Prof. Godwin, Dr. Young (author of the " Christ of History"), and some of the principal literary people of the day, including Eobert Browning the Poet. In 1871 the Eev. Thomas Jones was elected Chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, the highest position in connection with the Congregational body. Subsequently, failing health compelled Mr. Jones to go to Melbourne, and after staying there for a year or two he returned and ministered at Walter's Koad, Swansea. Undoubtedly, the late Mr Jones was one of the sweetest preachers Wales, the land of preachers, ever produced. He was of the Williams, of Wern, and Dr. Eees, Chester, class — born poet preachers. We do not always find a clever father being followed by clever sons, but two of Mr. Jones's sons now hold distinguished positions in Wales — the one is the first Principal of Cardiff University College, and the other is County Court judge of one of the most important Welsh circuits. Another promising young son met with an untimely death in Swansea Bay in 1886. Two or three years ago a set of the late Poet Preacher's sermons were published in the Sunday Magazine, 307 DR. THOMAS REES, of Swansea— The Rev. Dr. Thomas Eees died at Swansea on April 29th, 1885, in his 70th year, and the 50th year of his pubhc ministry. Dr. Eees was one of the best known Nonconformist ministers in the Principahty, and was thought so much of, that the Congregational Union of England and Wales paid the high compliment to the deceased minister of appointing him Chairman of the Union for the years 1885-6, and had he lived, he would have delivered his inaugural address at the City Temple, on May 12th, 1885. His address, already prepared, was read by Dr. John Thomas, of Liverpool, under very solemn circumstances. Dr. Rees was born a few months after the battle of Waterloo had been fought, in the town of Llan- deilo, Carmarthenshire, and entered the ministry in 1836. He laboured in several centres in South Wales, and for twenty-three years he was pastor of Ebenezer Church, Swansea. Of his literary labours, we may mention his translation into Welsh of Barnes' Notes on the New Testament, and Notes on the Bible for Families. With Dr. Thomas, of Liverpool, he edited the History of the Independent Churches in Wales, and he also published in English, The History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales," which has passed through two editions. A few years before his lamented death a portrait (life-size) was presented to him in the Mayor's Parlour, at Swansea, at which the Mayor of the borough , Sir Hussey Vivian, M.P., and other well-known Welshmen took part. THE LATE CANON ROBERT WILLIAMS.— One of the most painstaking literateurs of the reign of Victoria was the late Canon Robert Williams, formerly of Rhydycroeseau ; born at Llandudno in 1810, he early showed his predilections for Celtic literature, and the old Cymmrodorion Society ministered to his early aspirations as it had done to Hiraethog's," for in 1831 he was awarded a prize for a *' Biographical Sketch of the most Eminent Individuals Wales has produced since the Reformation." The Society translated and had printed into Welsh these Biographical Sketches for general circulation in the Principality, 308 under the title of Enwogion Cymru ; tliey were also printed in English, and subsequently, in 1852, they were issued in a goodly octavo volume of 600 pages in the fuller work, Dictionary of Eminent Welshmen, and by this work Canon Williams' literary reputation was made. Canon Williams also published a History of Aherconway. In 1865 Mr. Williams gave to the world his Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall. This was a quarto volume (issue, 600 copies), and sold for one guinea and a half ; it is now out of print, and fetches three guineas for a good copy. The most recent work of the deceased Canon was the editing and translating of selections from the Hengwrt MS., preserved at Peniarth. In 1876 Mr. Williams issued the first volume of these — Y Seint Greal. And he was engaged upon the second volume when he died (April 26th, 1881). Canon Williams contributed some papers to the now extinct Cambrian Journal; was a frequent contributor to the Archaeologia Cambi-ensisi In 1868 Mr. WiUiams translated the "Book of Tahesin " for Mr. Skene's Four Ancient Books of Wales. The Bishop of St. Asaph conferred an Honorary Canonry on Mr. Williams in consideration of his literary works. As a Welsh scholar he may have been rivalled, but not surpassed, and he undoubtedly assisted with other able Welshmen to raise Welsh literature out of the mire of fourth-rate Bardism, and place it upon a high literary pedestal. The reign of Queen Victoria is certainly closely identified with the better and truer reign of revived Welsh literature. JOSEPH EDWARDS, the Sculptor, who died as recently as January 9 th, 1882, at the age of 67, was born in 1814 at Yniscoy, Merthyr Tydfil. In 1837 he took the medal of the Eoyal Academy, and again, in 1839, he won the first prize medal of the year. In his Retrospect of a Long Life, the art critic (S. C. Hall) thus speaks of Edwards: — "He was pure and upright, and essentially good in all the relations of life — a " character amply sustained by the refined delicacy and purity of hip works, the principal of which were sepulchral." An oil- painting of Mr. Edwards was presented to the Cymmrodorion 309 Society in 1883 by Mr. B. S. Marks, and is said to be a very faithful portrait of the deceased sculptor. The Good Rector of Merthyr, JOHN GRIFFITHS, the enemy of all shams, and the plain-spoken Church Eeformer, had the true feelings of a Welshman for his country, which had been for generations neglected cruelly and ruthlessly by both Church and State. Had he not been such an uncompromising Church Eeformer, ever conspicuously opposing Church abuses, he might easily have been Bishop of St. Asaph or Bangor. But what is better still, he has left behind him a name that will remain ever green in the affections of the people. He did useful work in Merthyr Tydfil, and his name was a household word throughout Wales. He died on April 22nd, 1885. The Editor. To he continued. WELSH NOTES. :motes. DEATH OF THE COLONEL OF THE SOUTH WALES BORDEREKS.— The colonelcy of the S.W.B. (24th Regiment of Foot) has fallen vacant by the death of General Sir Charles H. EUice, G.C.B., late Adjutant- General to the Forces, who died suddenly on the morning of the ]2tli November, at Brook House, Horringer, Bury St. Edmunds. The late Sir Charles Henry ElHce was the second son of the late General Robert Ellice, was born at Florence in May, 1823, and was educated at Sandhurst. He entered the army as ensign and lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards 10th May, 1839, and became lieutenant and captain in 310 August, 1845. He then exchanged into the 24th Foot, of which regiment he became major in 1849, and Heutenant -colonel in August, 1851. He went on half-pay in July, 1862, and was promoted to major-general in March, 1865 ; became lieutenant- general in September, 1873, and general October 1st, 1877. During his service in the army he had been aide-de-camp to the Governor of Malta ; Brigadier- General of the Dublin District : Brigadier-General of the Shorncliffe and Dover Division ; Major-General Commanding the South-Eastern District ; Quartermaster-General at the Horse Guards ; and, lastly, Adjutant-General of the Forces at the Headquarters of the Army from November, 1876, to March, 1882. During his military career he had served in the Canadian rebellion of 1840-2 ; served on the North-Western Frontier of India campaign of 1855-6, and during the Indian mutiny of 1857-8. He commanded the troops at the defeat of the Jheulum mutineers in July, 1857, when he was dangerously wounded and had a horse killed under him. For his services in India he received a medal, and was made a Companion of the Bath in 1858 ; became a Knight Commander in 1873, and G.C.B. in 1882. He was made colonel of the 49th Foot in 1874, and was afterwards transferred to the South Wales Borderers (24th Regiment) in April, 1884, the colonelcy of which now becomes vacant. The late general married in 1862 Louisa, daughter of Mr. Wm. H. Lambton, brother of the first Earl of Durham. INTERESTING GIFT TO SIB JOHN H. PULESTON, M.P. — On the occasion of his visit to Carnarvon recently, a very interesting gift was made to Sir John Puleston, at the suggestion of Mr. H. Lloyd Carter, solicitor. The Member for Devonport was presented by Captain Davies, High Street, with a small work-table made of the famous oak that formed part of the " Old Red Lion " Tavern, which stood in Palace Street, some twenty years ago, and where Captain Davies once resided. The table is exhibited in the furniture warehouse of Messrs. John Thomas and Son in Castle Square, as also a finely-carved oak cabinet 311 bearing the date of 1G30. The ancient ''hall" referred to was known from olden times as " Plas Puleston." In his "Old Karnarvon," Mr. W. H. Jones says: — **Plas Puleston took its name from the family of that name, a branch of which family is now the representative in Parliament for the borough of Devonport. The old house was of great antiquity, and was very probably erected while the castle was being built ; for, from the portals of its doors an early owner, Koger de Puleston, was gibbeted by the enraged Welshmen during the insurrection under Madoc ap Llewelyn, in the year 1298." It appears that this Roger Puleston " was deputed by Edward I. to levy a war tax upon the Welshmen, which, however, was so offensive to the people that they rose in insurrection, and in the disturbance Roger de Puleston was hanged in front of his residence (Plas Puleston) at Carnarvon." STATUE OF SIR HUGH OWEN.— A memorial statue of Sir Hugh Owen, late Secretary of the Local Government Board, was unveiled at Carnarvon, on Monday, October 22nd. Representatives of the Welsh Societies in the Metropolis and large English towns, as well as from all parts of the Principality, were present. Sir John Puleston presided at the ceremony. Sir Hugh Owen laboured during nearly half a century for the educational advancement of Wales, and as a testimony to the breadth of his views and the success of his efforts it should be stated that the gathering included Conservatives and Liberals, Churchmen and Nonconformists, for, as one of the speakers aptly described him, he was a nationalist of the true type — one who worked for his country's welfare, regardless of sect or party. With respect to the proceedings referred to, a procession was organized in Carnarvon Castle, and included most of the magistrates and gentry of the district, the mayors of the different towns in North Wales, representatives of the Welsh colleges, and of societies with which Sir Hugh Owen was connected, local volunteers (rifle and naval), friendly societies, school children, &c. The statue, which is in bronze, is the work of Mr. Milo 812 Griffith, and had been provided by subscriptions of London Welshmen ; the pedestal was proviJed by local subscriptions. On behalf of the subscribers, Sir J. Pules ton presented the statue to the Mayor of Carnarvon. That gentleman having received the gift, the ceremony of unveiliDg was performed by the Hon. Mrs. Wynne Jones, and the vast concourse of people, led by Mr. David Jones and the band, sang the old Welsh air, The land of my fathers." Addresses were then delivered by Sir J. Puleston, Mr. Milo Griffith, the Kev. Dr. Evans, Mr. Marchant Williams, Captain Verney, Mr. Lewis Morris, Sir Hugh Owen, and Principal Eeichel. The inscription runs as follows : "Sir Hugh Owen. Born 1804 : Died 1881. Erected by a grateful nation." THE GOESEDD SWOED AND THE COEN GWLAD.— In reply to enquiries in Bye-Gones, in the Oswestry Advertizer, the aged bard, Clwydfardd, writes : — I am not aware that the Gorsedd ever possessed a sword previously to the one presented to the Gorsedd at Wrexham by our liberal benefactor, Simon Yorke, of Erddig, Esq. Previously to the time when I was engaged to preside at the Gorsedd, the officials had to borrow a sword, and also to engage a trumpeter, not having a "corn gwlad" of their own, although they could not legally proclaim, open, nor hold a Gorsedd without due notice by sounding the "corn gwlad" or public trumpet. During my career as the presiding officer of the Gorsedd, from 1835 to 1888, we were obligated to follow the custom of our predecessors, but now we have been relieved through the meritorious liberality of Mr. Simon Yorke and the worthy Mayor of Pwllheli. But it is not improbable that our ancestors had their sword and their corn gwlad, and that they were accidentally lost. THE EAEL OF POWIS (brother of the Dean of Hereford^ attained his seventieth year on Monday, November 5th, his lordship, who is the great grandson of Lord Clive, the founder of our Indian Empire, having been born at Pershore on November 5th, 1818. mb mulsh ciTiiis. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales ; October 31st, 1888. Ho. 10. JANE WILLIAMS (" YSGAFELL") AND HER WRITINGS. Very few facts are known to the present generation regarding the Hfe of this able Welsh lady writer. To a past generation her works and her personality were more intimately known : a bosom friend of the venerable Lady Llanover (who still survives), and imbibing the national sentiments and tastes of forty years' ago, we may well conclude that " Ysgafell " would have very little in common with the national literary aspirants of to-day. But throughout her long life of eighty summers, Jane Williams ever had at heart the raising of the Cymric nation to the heights of the truest ideality. Possibly a short sketch of her remarkably long life will be a fitting prelude to some account of her principal published writings. Miss Jane Williams must not be confounded with Miss Wilhams, Aberpergwm, neither with " Sadie," nor with Miss Wilhams, of Cwmdu, the munificent donor to the Brecon Infirmary. " Ysgafell " was born about the year 1806, in most stirring times. She lived through the last twelve years of the long reign of George III., saw the beginning and com- pletion of the reigns of the two succeeding monarchs— George IV. and William IV., and had she lived two years longer would have been enabled to celebrate the Jubilee of Queen Victoria. For many years Miss Wilhams, who was of the Williams of Neuadd Felin family, resided at Neuadd Felin, Talgarth, and it was whilst living here that she undertook the compilation and 314 preparation of her largest work, The Life and Writings of the Bev. Thomas Price, " Carnhuanawc,'' in two thick royal octavo volumes, published in 1854 by the late Mr. WilHam Eees, of Llandovery. Another work that in its day had a good sale was her Literary Women of the Seventeenth Century, published in 1861 in one thick 8vo. volume. The next principal work she pub- lished was in the year 1869 — The History of Wales. Miss Williams also published, privately, a book of poems. The poems in question are descriptive of Brecknockshire scenery, and several deal with the legends of the county. Another work of hers was Notes on the Parochial History of the Parish of Glashury, Brecknock- shire. These "Notes" were contributed to the Cam: Arch: Transactions. Miss Williams was a sister of the late Major Williams, of Talgarth, and the only sister who survives her is Mrs. Price, wife of John Price, Esq., of Bank Terrace, Talgarth, Brecknockshire. *' Ysgafell " died on the 15th March, 1885, at 81, Oakley Orescent, Ohelsea, London, in the 80th year of her age. Let us now glance a little more minutely at the three principal works published by Ysgafell." First in order of time comes The Literary Bemains of the Bev. Thomas Price [Carnhiianawc) in two thick royal octavo volumes, issued respectively from Mr. William Kees' noted Llandovery Press in the years 1854 and 1855. It appears that the Life of this noted bard was to have been written by the Ven. Archdeacon John Williams, of Oardigan, but his multiplied engagements prevented his fulfilling what we feel certain would have been a congenial task to Archdeacon Williams, so Oarnhuanawc's principal friends, con- jointly with the late Mr. William Eees, of Llandovery, anxious that no further delay should occur in rendering a proper tribute to the deceased bard's memory, in the autumn of the year 1851 confided the task to other hands, and we think the work could not have fallen into abler hands than those of Jane Williams. To her hands, we learn, a mingled mass of unsorted papers, comprising the miscellaneous accumulations of more than fifty years," and including the principal materials for the present 315 work, was delivered over untouched, to be woven into a literary web in the retired seclusion of Neuadd Felin, from where the first volume is dated, " May 25th, 1854." This volume contains several of Carnhuanawc's prize essays, and his Tour through Brittany." The second volume is the more interesting of the two, because it unfolds the Life of Carnhuanawc, and we see the man in very deed and truth in the copious extracts from his letters. Here Miss "Williams displays the true skill of the literary delver. The short preface to Vol. II. is dated April 14th, 1855," therefore *' Ysgafell " must have been about fifty years of age at that period. There are prejudices in those days against Wales and Welshmen, and " Ysgafell " then nobly defended her nation and its heroes — Whole troops of heroes "Wales has yet to boast And sends thee one, a sample of her host. Speaking of the English prejudice against bards and bardism, Ysgafell" pertinently and forcibly declares — " It is much to be lamented that many potent directors of public opinion still cherish strong prejudices not merely against Welshmen, but also against every branch of Cambrian and Celtic literature. " .... It must therefore be in the highest degree inconsistent " and invidious while eulogising the Lindleys, the Lyells, and " the Owens of our day, to despise the pursuits of the Herberts, " the Williamses, and the Prices. As particular soils are " naturally favourable to one sort of crop or another, so do ** certain races evince strong hereditary tendencies to certain pursuits. Music, poetry, oratory, national history, and antiqui- " ties, have more especially occupied Cambrian minds from the earliest periods of their written and traditional records. Thomas Price was in all respects a true representative of his *' people, and as well might a White of Selborne, a Cowper of ** Olney, an Oberlin of the Ban de la Roche, or any other zealous *' home labourer be satirized as local and narrowly provincial." Miss Williams's task was well and faithfully done from title to finish. The two volumes are a lasting memorial not only to the 316 brilliantly endowed bard whose memory they seek to keep ever green, but also to the literary accomplishments of this equally patriotic daughter of Wales. There are many local drawings in pen-and-ink in the volumes, as well as a portrait of Carnhuanawc, taken from an oil-painting (by C. A. Mornewick), the property of Lady Llanover, now to be seen at the ancestral seat in Monmouthshire ; and also a portrait from a bust by J. W. Meredyth-Thomas, one of two famous brothers hailing from Breconshire, and devoted to the enobled and ennobling art of sculpture. Ysgafell" was indebted for several drawings to her life-long friend. Lady Llanover, Mrs. Herbert, of Llanarth ; Mr. and Mrs. Berrington, Miss Waddington, Miss Anne Tylee, of Bath ; and Mr. John Evan Thomas, the Sculptor [for memoir of John Evan Thomas, see present number], Ysgafell's second literary performance is entitled The Literary Women of Fnglmid, a work of close upon 600 pages, published in 1861, and dated from " 38, Sydney street, Chelsea, June 20th." The work displays much scholarly erudition, apt criticism, and poetic fervour. The book gives biographical particulars of well- nigh one hundred literary women and poetesses from early days, to the year 1850. Among the number are several Welshwomen and those who have written much on Wales, for example, Mrs. Hemans, many of whose subject songs breathe the most devoted attachment to Wales. Mrs. Hemans, it will be remembered, supplied the English words to Bardd Alaw's Welsh Melodies^ published in 1822. Her " Harp of Wales " is sweetly plaintive ; The Hirlas Horn " is an abridged and refined version of the old Welsh ''Hirlas" of Owen Cyfeiliog ; "The Lament of Llywarcli Hen"; and " The Kock of Cader Idris," the latter especially, are wonderfully fine. Other names more or less connected with Wales, and found in Y^^gafell's enchanting volume, embrace Mrs. Brereton, Anna Williams, Mrs. Catherine Phillips, Mary Eobinson, and Helen-Maria Williams. Ysgafell had poetic instincts and aspirations of genuine depth, as will be seen later on ; consequently, when we say that Miss Williams has thrown 817 her heart and soul, aided by fine literary culture, into her work, we think we have given some indication for believing that her Literary Women may be consulted with advantage in the present ; and that it is a volume that deserves to live in tlie future. We still think that her third work is the volume that endears her memory, especially to Welsh folk, viz., The History of Wales, dated from 56, Coleshill street, London, October 8th, 1869," another royal octavo volume of 500 pages. We have already expressed our belief that a cheap half-crown reprint, put forward by one of the present-day Societies that assume to lead Welsh national thought, of this excellent and reliable Welsh history, would be of national service. The work is an intelligent and highly successful attempt to leave on record a clear and trust- worthy account of the principal events in our national career from the earliest times down to the Act of Union (temp. Henry VIII.). From the earliest period to the Norman Conquest the facts have been derived by our author from Monumenta Historica Britannica, the Ancie7it Laws and Institutes of Wales, edited by the late Aneurin Owen, and published by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury under the direction of the Master of the Eolls ; Florence of Worcester, Koger of Wendover, and Matthew Paris, as well as Rhymer's Foedera, Annates Canibriae, and other authentic collections of deeds, documents, and letters, have been studiously and judiciously consulted. The work is enriched by valuable and copious notes. At the present time the chapter on Wales and the Tudor dynasty is singularly interesting. Miss Williams detail- ing in a very interesting way all the attempts leading up to the translation of the Bible into Welsh (temp. Elizabeth). We have no hesitation in saying that Ysgafell's " works are too little known* Their merits and their bearing upon our past and present Welsh national life are of the deepest interest and importance to us as a nation, and in the sacred walks of history, poetry, and bardism, Miss Williams has said much that is worth re-saying. After reading Carnhuanawc's life, we rise in the behef that the bards and their worke of the first half of the 3l8 present century shed a lustre on the national horizon which isi not eclipsed even by our later essays. We have already said that Miss Williams was closely identified with Wales, and for many years resided in the fair valleys of Breconshire. She has left on record several poetic pieces that breathe a genuine love for dear Cambria, and we cannot do better than conclude this somewhat rough and imperfect tribute at the shrine of one whom we never had the privilege of seeing or hearing, but one whom we nevertheless feel we already know through her works, by quoting a few of her verses on The Music of Cambria " :— Delight of Cambria ! Harp of ancient days ! Uttering, ere Eomans trod our island's shore, Devotion's sacred tones in lofty lays. Content's glad voice and stirring notes of war. In earnest ever, still to feelings true. From age to age thy hallowed chords have borne The spirit -power of music ever new As nature's echoes, meeting sweet return. The pathos of the past, emotions rife. Which cast enchantment o'er the present hour ; Futurity's bright hope, ennobling life. Speak from thy magic frame with thrilling power. Thy country's harmonies her music knows, Soft as the ripple of her sunny streams. Fresh as the breeze round Cadair Arthur blows, Ecstatic as the soaring sky-lark's dreams : Wild as the cataract, yet gentle too As ghttering wreaths which fall in silvery spray ; From sounds her scenery rises still to view In all its glorious, serene array. Thy country's story in thy music lives. Thy nation's spirit animates thy frame. Memory to thee immortal record gives. And hope anticipates thy future fame ! The Cymry still a people shall remain. And hold wild Wales through good and ill secure. Their language they shall keep, their harp retain. The bards declare, while earth and time endure ! The Editor* 319 HENRY VAUGHAN, SILURIST. (Continued from Page 128). Then farewel joys ! for while I live, My business here shall be to grieve ; A grief that shall outshine all joys, For mirth and life, yet without noise. * 4k ^ * * ^ A grief so bright, 'Twill make the land of darkaess light ; And while too many sadly roam. Shall send me — swan-like — singing home. H. v.* The sorrows and trials, which almost overwhelmed the Silurist, found expression in a little volume of Sacred Poems, which formed the first part of his best known book, Silex Scintillans [Sparks from the Flintstone), published in London, 1650. On the title-page the following emblem is engraved : an arm issuing from the clouds holds a thunderbolt, with which sparks are struck from a flinty heart, thereby causing a flame to burn, whilst tears or drops of blood stream down.f The poems are full of fervent aspiration after God, of sorrow sanctified by Him, of yearnings for the loved ones, who " had gone into the World of Light," of the desolation felt in the first days of mourn- ing, of the anticipation of resigning this earthly load of death called life, which us from Life doth sever," \ and of confident faith that all his afflictions came from God. Blest be Thy dew, and blest Thy frost, And happy I to be so crost, And cur'd by crosses at Thy co8t.§ During this time he was suffering from a painful illness, which almost brought him to the grave. He says, writing in 1654, " Indeed I was nigh unto death, and am still at no great distance " from it ... . But the God of the spirits of all flesh hath " granted me a further use of mine than I did look for in the * "Jesus Weeping," Silex Scintillans. Part 11. t This emblem is explained in Latin verae by the Author, which, with the engraving, appeared only in the edition of 1650. t MUton. f " Love and Discipline."— H.V. 820 Hi " body ; and when I expected, and had by his assistance pre- *' pared for a message of death, then did he answer me with hfe ; *• I hope to His glory, and my great advantage ; that I may ''flourish not with leafe onely, but with some fruit also."* In the solitude and silence of his sick-room, his brother banished, some of his friends estranged by the bitter party feeling of the age, others dead on the battle-fields, he, passing through the valley of the shadow, *' was brought face to face with death, and found his sick-chamber darkened into as solemn and awful a place as the old windowless chamber in the Temple, whose light was the flash of the Sheckinah glory and the seven-branched golden candlestick. There and then was transacted the one potentiality of every human life that recognises relations to God and eternity — the glad surrender of a hitherto resisting will and heart and whole nature to the One Will, and the great heart of love of the divinely-human and humanly- divine Redeemer.!" How keenly he felt the loss of his friends is shown frequently in this volume, the following, probably written on the death of his young brother, comes straight from the heart. Come, come ! what doe I here ? Since he is gone, Each day is grown a dozen year, And each houre one. Come, Come I Cut off the sura By these soil'd teares I (Which only Thou Know'st to be true,) Dayes are my feares. There's not a wind can stir, Or beame pass by, But straight I think, though far, Thy hand is nigh. Come, come ! Strike these lips dumb : This restless breath, That soiles Thy name, Will neer be tame, Untill in death. + * Preface to Edition of 1665.— H.V. t Essay on Henry Vaughan, by Dr. Grosart. I Silcx Scintillansy 1650, p. 35. 32i Silence and stealth of dayes ! 'tis now Since thou art gone, Twelve hundred hours, and not a brow But clouds hang on. * * * * ■* * Now the Spirit, not the dust, Must be thy brother. Yet I have one Pearle, by whose light All things I see ; And in the heart of Earth and night Find Heaven and Thee.* Then his soul rises through the sense of loss to the Hereafter, where his dear ones await him : God's Saints are shining lights : who stays Here long must passe O're dark hills, swift streams, and steep ways As smooth as glasse ; But these all night, Their beams, and light (Js into Bed. They are indeed our Pillar -fires. Seen as we go ; They are that Citie's shining spires We travell to.t And with thoughts still dwelling on the Paradise of God, he breaks forth with triumphant assurance into My Soul, there is a countrie Afar beyond the stars. Where stands a winged Sentrie All skilful in the wars. There, above noise and danger. Sweet peace sits, crowned with smiles, And One born in a manger Commands the beauteous files. He is thy gracious friend And (O my Soul awake !) Did in pure love descend, To die here for thy sake. If thou canst get but thither. There growes the flowre of peace, The rose that cannot wither, Thy fortresse, and thy ease. Leave then thy foolish ranges ; For none can thee secure, But One, who never changes. Thy God, thy Life, thy Cure. j And again : * Sile.v Scintillansy 1650, p. 42. t Silex Scintillans, 1650, p. 39. X "Peace" — Silex Scintillans, 1650, p. 47. 322 Thus to Henry Vaughan came the lesson, which many another sorrowing one has learnt, that Peace comes to the broken- hearted, when all that is most precious has been given back to God with a joyful acceptance of His Will. Though most of the Poems have a rare beauty and are full of devotional thought, they do not seem to have been more appreciated by the inhabitants of Brecknockshire in the seven- teenth century than they are by their descendants of to-day, for the first edition was not exhausted in 1655, when it was re-issued with a second Part (under the same title, Silex Scintillans), con- taining verses of a similar kind, but even more patient in resignation, more full of religious fervour. And yet (as Dr. Grosart has so ably shown), the grief expressed in this second Part is far deeper and of a more personal nature than the deaths of his young brother and of his friends would have called forth. After carefully reading the Poems, there can be little doubt that Dr. Grosart is correct in thinking, that they refer to Henry Vaughan's young wife, and that she died between the appearance of the first Part in 1650 and of the second in 1655. Such lines as the following lead to this conclusion : Mere steeps my thoughfs dear marh / . . . . ******** O calm and sacred bed, where lies In death's dark mysteries, A beauty far more bright Than the moon's cloudless light : For whose dry dust green branches bud. And robes are bleach'd in the Lamb's blood. Sleep, happy ashes ! — ^blessed sleep ! — While haplesse I still weep ; Weep that I ha/oe outlived My life, and unrelieved Must — soulless shadow — so live on Though life be dead, and my joys gone* And— Fair and young light, my guide, to holy Grief, and soul-curing melancholy ; Whom living here I did still shun As sullen night-ravens do the sun, And lead by my own foolish fire Wandred through darkness, dens and mire, ^ . — ■- * Silex Scintillansy Part 11., 1656. 328 How am I now in love with all That I term'd then meer bonds and thrall ! And to thy name — which still I keep — Like the surviving turtle, weep. ******* O that I were winged and free, And quite undrest just now with thee, Where freed souls dwel by living fountains On everlasting, spicy mountains. Of these lines Dr. Grosart has beautifully written : His young ** dead wife rises in fair vision before him, as the one to whom he " owed under God, not wealth of human love and womanly heart- " care only, but deliverance also from the levity of thoughtless- " ness, and the turning of him to his Saviour and Lord, in short, " the winner of his soul, in old Puritan phrase — her death bringing " back in blessed resurrection previously unvalued counsels. All " this is written as with a sunbeam in this priceless poem, when ** we read it with the key that its wept-over was the Poet's •* wife." - But of all the Poems in Silex Scintillam, that most exquisite of laments for the Dead, which the bereaved Silurist poured forth in the anguish of his desolation, appeals with greatest power to the hearts of those that mourn. In the original it has no title, but Mr. Lyte has aptly named it — DEPARTED FRIENDS. They are all gone into the world of light ! And I alone sit lingring here ; Their very memory is fair and bright, And my sad thoughts doth clear, ******* I see them walking in an air of glory. Whose light doth trample on my days : My days, which are at best but dull and hoary, Meer glimering and decays. 0 holy Hope ! and high Himiility, High as the heavens above ! These are your walks and you have shew'd them me, To kindle my cold love. Dear, beauteous Death ! the jewel- of the just. Shining nowhere, but in the dark ; What mysteries do lie beyond thy dust ; Could man outlook that mark ! * Essay on Henry Vaughan, by Dr. Grosart. 324 He that hath found some fledg'd bird's nest, may knotr At first sight, if the bird be flown ; But what fair well or grove he sings in now, That is to him unknown. ****** * O Father of eternal life, and all Created glories under Thee ! Kesume Thy spirit from this world of thrall Into true liberty. Either disperse these mists, which blot and fill My perspective — still — as they pass : Or else remove me hence unto that hill, Where I shall need no glass. For nearly two hundred years after the pubHcation in 1655 of Sile.v Scintillans no other edition appeared, and during that time it would seem as though it were forgotten. Copies may have lingered in dark nooks of some of the libraries in the old county houses, possibly unread, for Theophilus Jones, writing early in this century, seems unaware of its existence, and speaks contemptuously of Henry Vaughan'g poetical powers, ascribmg to Thomas Vaughan the Olor Iscanus, which he says "is " preserved in the Bodleian Library and private collections."* To quote a later writer : " Here and there some stray copy " may have fallen into hands that cherished, as for instance, to " our lasting gain, into the hands of Wordsworth. Since the " discovery that Wordsworth had in his scanty library a copy of " the Silex Scintillans, well read and with notes in his own handwriting, it is no longer a matter of conjecture that his thought was largely influenced by that of Vaughan, or that * ' the Betreate has provided, so to speak, the ground-plan of the *' Ode on the Intimations of Immortality.'" ^ Archbishop Trench first called attention to the remarkable resemblance between these poems,! and Dr. George Macdonald, unaware of what the Archbishop had written, dwells at length on the subject. § Space does not allow of a comparison here, but Vaughan's poem is given in case any reader may wish to judge for himself. * " History of Brecknockshire, Vol. II., p. 541. t Eev. William Clare, B. A. —Introduction to Facsimile Edition of 1885* I " Household Book of English Poetry." 1868. 9 " England's Antiphon." 1871. 325 THE EETEEATE. Happy those early dayes ! when I Shin'd in my Angell- infancy. Before I understood this place Appointed for my second race, Or taught my soul to fancy ought But a white, celestial thought, When yet I had not walkt above A mile, or two, from my first love, And looking back (at that short space,) Could see a glimpse of his bright- face ; When on some gilded cloud, or fiowre My gazing soul would dwell an houre, And in those weaker glories spy Some shadows of eternity ; Before I taught my tongue to wound My conscience with a sinfuU sound, Or had the black art to dispence, A sev'rall sinne to every sence. But felt through all this fleshly dress Bright shootes of everlastingness. O how I long to travell back, And tread again that ancient track ! That I might once more I'each that plaine, Where first I left my glorious traine ; From whence the enlightened spirit sees That shady City of Palme trees. But (ah !) my soul with too much stay Is drunk, and staggers in the way ! \ Some men a forward motion love. But I by backward steps would move ; And when this dust falls to the urn, In that state I came, return.* In 1847 the Eev. H. F. Lyte brought out a new edition of Silex Scintillans, pubhshed by Pickering, with an admirably- written memoir ; another edition came out in 185G, followed in 1883 by a cheap edition of the same published by George Bell and Sons, and in 1885 appeared a Facsimile of the First Edition of 1650, published by Elliot Stock, London. {To be continued). GwENLLiAN E. F. Morgan. Brecon. * Silex Scintillans, 1650, p. 34. 326 WALES AND THE ASHBURNHAM FAMILY. The recent visit of Lord Ashburnham to Breconshire and Carmarthenshire, where he has considerable property — in the former county around Talgarth, and the latter at Burry Port, is an event not to be lightly passed over. It is the first time his lordship, or any member of the Ashburnham family for a long, long period, has ever visited the Breconshire and Carmarthen- shire property, which in Breconshire consists of some large holdings, Porthamal and Bronllys Court to wit. On the 5th October, 1888, his lordship invited all the Breconshire tenantry to a sumptuous dinner at the Market Hall, Talgarth, and all his tenants were highly delighted with his lordship's courteous and kind demeanour towards them. His lordship, we hear, has promised to attend the Eoyal National Eisteddfod at Brecon next year, and in September last he presided at Llanelly Eisteddfod, and thus spoke of Wales and the Welsh : — Music," said his lordship, is, I believe, as natural to Welsh men and women as " it is to the birds of the air, and I trust you will always cherish " this second nature, this grand heritage which you have received " from your ancient bards. You have another, perhaps even " grander inheritance, not only from your bards, but from all the heroes who have adorned the annals of your country, an " inheritance which is all your own, I mean your ancient and " magnificent language. I trust that you will never lose it, nor allow yourselves to be robbed of it. I have heard with great regret that, under the present system of education, the Welsh national language is being entirely set aside in the national " schools. I hope that the Welsh people will see to this before " it is too late. Of course, I am quite aware that a knowledge of English is necessary to enable a Welshman to play his proper " part as a citizen of this great British empire, but he has also " his own duties to perform, and his own traditions to preserve in his own country, and for these purposes I maintain that Welsh *' is necessary to him also." 827 The Earl of Ashburnham and Viscount St. Asaph was born m the year 1840, and is therefore forty-eight years of age ; he succeeded to the title on the death of his lordly father in 1878 ; was educated at Westminster, is a Knight of Malta, and Knight Grand Cross of the Pontifical Order of Pius IX. The family seat is Ashburnam Place, Battle, Sussex, and it is a strange coinci- dence that the first Earl Ashburnham and the first Earl Camden both married Breconshire heiresses. The Ashburnhams (so denominated from the town of that name in Sussex) are, according to Fuller, a family of stupendous antiquity, wherein the eminence hath equalled the antiquity, " having been Barons, temp. Henry III." Francis Thynn, in his catalogue of Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports and Con- stables of Dover Castle, thus mentions one of the early progenitors : *• Bertram Ashburnham, a Baron of Kent, was constable of Dover Castle, a.d. 1066 ; which Bertram was beheaded by Wilham the Conqueror, because he did so valiantly defend the " same against the Duke of Normandy." Coming to the six- teenth century, we find a " John Ashburnham, Esquire, M.P* " for Sussex, 1st and 2nd of Philip and Mary." The Ashburnhams took the side of the unfortunate King Charles I., and William Ashburnham, Esq., M.P,, second son of Sir John Ashburnham, Knight, was expelled the " House for his " fidehty to the Crown. He subsequently took an active and distinguished part during the Civil Wars, was Major- General in the Boyal Army, and Colonel-General il644) of county *' Dorset. After the Eestoration he was appointed cofferer to the King." He married a daughter of Lord Butler, widow of the Earl of Marlborough, but died without issue in 1679. The elder son of this knight even served his royal master with greater personal fidelity. In 1646, when the unhappy Charles deemed it advisable to leave Oxford, Mr. Ashburnham was the only servant that attended him, he holding the position of Groom of the Bedchamber, and, indeed, he was the only person, except a clergyman, Dr. Hudson, who served as a guide. 328 He was afterwards instrumental in the flight of his royal master from Hampton Court, 11th November, 1647 ; and eventually was committed to the Tower by Cromwell, where he remained till the Protector's death. Mr. Ashburnham was M.P. for Hastings, 1640. After the Eestoration he held his former office under Charles II., sitting in Parliament for the county of Sussex. He died in 1671, and was succeeded by his grandson, John Ashburnham, Esq., and this was the gentleman who married the Welsh heiress, and thus acquired the Breconshire and Carmarthen- shire estates of the Vaughans of Porthamal. In 1677 Mr. Ashburnham married Bridget, only daughter and heiress of Walter Vaughan, Esq., of Porthamal House, Talgarth, county of Brecknock, by whom he had two daughters and three sons. The Vaughans of Porthamal were a noted family, and this house gave to Breconshire its first High Sheriff (1539) upon the creation of the county, temp, Henry VIII. Sir Charles Vaughan, of Porthamal, and Pembrey, married Catherine, daughter of Sir Robert Knollys, M.P. for Brecon, and his son Walter married, and had a daughter Bridget, who married John, first Lord Ashburnham. The following inscription, not noticed by Theophilus Jones, will be found in Talgarth Church belfry: — " Heare lyetlie the " bodye of William Vaughan, captaine of one hundred and fiftye " soldiers, under the Eight Honorable the Marquis Hamilton, " generale of the Englyshe, Scotch, and Irish forces ; he was " cruelly murdered at Abergavenny, on the 28th June, 1631 ; paternally descended, heire general, from Sir William Vaughan, " and from Sir Roger Vaughan, of Porthamal, Knights; in the " 23rd yeare of his age." It is stated that the first Baron Ashburnham, created on the 20th May, 1689, by Charles XL, accompanied King Charles I. to the scalfold, and at Ashburnham House is still preserved the unfortunate monarch's watch and the raiment he wore on the day of his execution. The third Baron Ashburnham was created Viscount St. 329 Asaph and Earl of Ashburnham, 14tli May, 1730. He was thrice married — to Lady Mary Butler, daughter of the Duke of Ormonde ; secondly, to Henrietta, daughter of the Earl of Derby ; and thirdly, to Jemima, daughter and co-heir of the Duke of Kent. His lordship was Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Frederick, Prince of Wales. He died 10th March, 173G-7, and was succeeded by his only son, John, second earl, LL.D., first Lord of the Bedchamber to George IH., etc. He died in 1822, and was succeeded by George, third earl, K.G. and F.S.A. He died in October, 1830. He was succeeded by his son, Bertram, fourth earl, who died in 1878, and was succeeded by the present and fifth earl. According to the new Domesday Book, issued in 1878, the acreage and rental of the Earl's properties are as followi : — Acres. Rental. Li Breconshire 1,881 ... £1,963 In Carmarthenshire ... 5,685 ... £3,548 In Suffolk 3,772 ... £5,566 In Sussex ....14,051 ... £13,069 25,389 £24,146 The Editor. SALE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE LATE EDWARD BREESE, ESQ., F.S.A., OF PORTMADOC. [Concluded from Page 295.] THE QUARTOS AND FOLIOS. We can only find space to note some of the principal hooks sold among these* We will take first THE QUARTOS. Edward Baines' History of Lancashire, two vols., large paper, 1868 £1 3s. Extracts from the Laws of Hoel da, regarding Priests, black letter, in Welsh and English, 1550 £11 10s. 330 Ms. Coat-of-Arms, relating to Brecknockshire, circa 1800 £2 16s. Bye-Gones, relating to Wales and the Border Counties, 1871- 79, four vols., very scarce £2 2s. MS. copy of Caradoc's History of Wales £2 6s. Coxe's Monmouthshire, with plates, 1801 £2 12s. Geoffrey of Monmouth's Chronicles in Welsh, 1575 £4 12s. Fenton's Pembrokeshire, large paper, good copy, 1811.... ..£2 16s. Another copy £1 19s. MS. of Gambold's English-Welsh and Welsh-English Dictionary, two vols £2 16s. Giraldus's Itinerary, uncut copy, with plates, life and notes by Sir K. Colt Hoare., two vols, 1806 £2 17s. 6d. Grose's Antiquities of England and Wales, four vols., first edition, plates, 1773-6. ...£2 4s. Dwnn's Heraldic Visitations of Wales and the Marches, with notes by Sir Samuel Meyrick, printed at Llandovery in 1846, in two superb royal quarto volumes £8 5s. Holinshed's Chronicles, six vols., 1807-8 £5. K. Hughes's Beauties of Cambria, sixty plates, on India paper, oblong, 1823 £1 6s. Inigo Jones's Britannia Triumphans, 1637 £2 2s. John Jones's MS. History in Welsh, 776 pages, oak boards, covered in leather, 1608 £5 lOs. Theophilus Jones's History of the County of Brecknock, two vols., maps and plates, printed at Brecon in 1805-9 £7. History and Antiquities of St. David, by Dr. Basil Jones and Prof. Freeman, plates, 1856 £1 6s. French and Breton Dictionary and Grammar, by Le Gonidec, two vols., 1847-50 £1 14s. H. Lhoyd's Historie of Cambria, black letter, 1584, £3 16s. Another copy £2 16s. Another copy £3 7s. 6d. Another copy £1 6s. Lodowicke Lloyd's Pilgrimage of Princes, black letter £2 18s. Meyrick's History and Antiquities of the County of Cardigan, plates, rare, 1808 £3. New Testament, by William Salesbury, black letter, 1567 £58. 331 W. Owen's Welsh-English Dictionary, with Grammar, two vols., 1803 £1 10s. Parry's Eoyal Visits and Progresses to Wales, and others £2 5s. Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury, two vols., plates, 1825 ,£8 10s. Pennant's Tours, six vols., with many plates, printed at Warrington, Chester, and London, 1774-82 £1 12s. Pennant's Tour from Downing to Alston Moor, with fifty additional portraits and plates inserted, some scarce, 1801 £2. Perry's Welsh Grammar, sold with all faults, very rare, 1595 £13. MS. Poems in Welsh £3 6s. Barker's Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin, black letter, imperfect, 1599... £4 8s. Sir John Price's History of Wales and others £1. Middleton's Welsh Psalms, black letter, defective, 1603 £2 6s. Edward Pugh's Cambria Depicta, many plates, 1816 18s. Thomas Pugh's Prophesies, Pedigrees of Welsh Families, by John Keynolds, of Oswestry, and Charles Edwards's Hanes y Ffydd £2 7s. John Keynolds' North Wales Heraldry, printed at Chester in 1739 £1 10s. MS. of Peter Eoberts's Chronicles, 1607-46 £3 3s. H. Kowlands's Mona Antiqua Eestaurata, second edition, map and plates, 1766 £1 2s. Another copy, and History of Anglesey, with Memoirs of Owen Glendower, 1775 £1 7s. W. Salesbury's English and Welsh Dictionary, black letter, Cymmrodorion Society's reprint of rare edition of 1547 £1 7s. MS. of H. Thomas's Welsh Grammar £1 5s. Westwood's Lapidarium Walliae, many plates, 1876-9 £2 6s. Williams's Monmouthshire, map and plates, 1796 £1 12s. Browne Wilhs's History of the Mitred Parliamentary Abbeys and Conventual Cathedral Churches, two vols., 4to., 1718, with 250 engravings £6 12s. 6d. Browne Willis's Survey of the EngHsh and Welsh Cathedrals, three vols,, 1742 £2 5s. 332 MS. Collection of Welsh Poems, by Owen Williams, 808 pp £2 9s. Canon Eobert Williams's Cornish Dictionary, and others £2 4s. Wood's Illustrated Kivers of Wales, two vols., maps and fine etchings, 1813 £3. Wyndham's Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, with plates, 1781 £1 Is. Philip Yorke's Eoyal Tribes of Wales, numerous portraits, 1799 £1 5s. THE FOLIOS. The New Zealanders, by Angas, illustrated coloured plates £15 15s. The first Welsh edition of Bishop Morgan's Bible, black letter, imperfect, very rare, 1588 £21. Another imperfect edition of the Welsh Bible £6 10s. Another Welsh Bible, black letter, with dedications by Parry and Morgan, 1620 £4 15s. Blakeway's Sheriffs of Shropshire, 1831 £1 15s. MS. relating to Landed Estate Owners in Carnarvonshire £1 5s. Cheshire Visitation, 1580 £4 7s. 6d. Covent Garden Play Bills, 1813 to 1815, four hundred and ninety in number, with forty-three portraits of contemporary actors and actresses £29 10s. MS. Welsh Chronicle, 15G0.;....£2 10s. AntiqusB Linguje Britannicae Dictionarium, by John Davies, 1G32 £1 15s. Fuller's Worthies of England, 1662 £3 5s. J. Gwillim's Display of Heraldry, sixth edition, with portraits and plates, 1724 £2 lis. MS. collection of Welsh Poetry, by Lewis Morganwg £3 lis. Ormerod's History of Cheshire, three vols., large paper, 1882 edition, with portraits and plates, in parts £7. Dr. John David Ehys's Cambro-BritanniccT Cymraecaeve Linguae Institutiones et Eudimenta, printed by Thomas Orwin in 1592 £2 lis. Tanner*s Notitia Monastica, 1787 £2 18s. MS. Welsh Pedigrees £3 10s. Oi' coui'ise, the "gieat jjiize' in the sale was Salesbury'a black- letter Testament. Mr. Quaritcli started the bidding at £10, and eventually secured the treasure at £58. This copy was bought years ago at the Thirl wall Sale by the present purchaser, who, after binding it, sold it to the late Mr. Breese for thirty guineas. No doubt this rare volume will some day change hands at one hundred guineas or more. Lot 186— Gambold's Dictionary MS. was beautifully written — in fact, a perfect gem. Lot 305 — Eegarding this lot, it was remarked that it was the first Bible ever placed in the Church of Abbey-cwm-hir, Eadnorshire. Something to this effect is written inside the covers of it, and the writer seems to have bequeathed it to his son, with a direction that it was to descend to his son's eldest son, and so on, for ever. The name of the writer was Lewis, residing at Cvv'mscawen, in the parish of Cwm-hir. How did he get possession of it, we wonder '? Lot 319 — Quite an amusing incident took place over this loi (the Covent Garden Play Bills). The bidding was between a lady and Quaritch ; the lady stood behind the auctioneer, so that Quaritcli could not see her. It almost seemed as if Quaritch thought the auctioneer himself was running him up, for w^hen it was knocked down he asked the auctioneer, " Who is the buyer "Oh," replied Mr. Hodge, " a lady you know well." The lady in question here showed herself to Mr. Quaritch. " Ah," says Quaritch, "it is not the first time she has beaten me !" So far as collectors were concerned, the attendance w^as a poor one. A rough addition makes the total realized at the Sale about £750, of which Mr. Quaritch purchased £333 worth, or nearly one-half, the other principal purchasers being Mr. Kidler, £93 ; Mr. Sotheran, £66 ; Mr. Stibbs, £28 ; Mr. Downing, £23 ; Mr. Isaac Foulkes, £11 ; " The Lady," £30 ; and anonymous buyers, £56, which left only about £100 worth of books purchased by all the other booksellers and collectors present. It was stated that Mr. Sotheran held a commission for Cardiff College. The Editor. 334 EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY (PAST AND \ PRESENT). (Continued feom Page 309). Judge JOHNES. — Here possibly we should mention the name of another gentleman who has clone much for Wales — we refer to the late Judge Johnes. At the time Canon Williams took the Cymmrodorion Society's prize in 1831 for his Biographical Sketches, the same year the Society awarded a prize to another young Welshman — Arthur James Johnes — for an " Essay on the Causes which in Wales have produced Dissent from the Established Church." This work went through three editions. Mr. Johnes, who was a Welsh County Court Judge, was ever mindful to do all he could for Welshmen and Welsh literature. He died in the year 1871 (July), and lies buried at Berriew, Montgomeryshire. The Late Mr. W. W. E. WYNNE, of Peniarth, who died on June 9th, 1880, aged 79, was one of the most accomplished genealogical scholars and antiquarians Wales has ever produced. The valuable MSS. known as " the Peniarth MS." and the " Hengwrt MS.," both well-known and of wide celebrity, were owned by Mr. Wynne, and he was ever ready to assist literary men in delving into the untold national wealth contained in these famous MSS. And although Mr. Wynne published few works himself, he supplied copious and reliable notes to many other antiquarians. " Calendars of Gwynedd," " The Gwydir Family," innumerable contributions to Bye-Gones, and the permission given to Canon Williams, Mr. Skene, Mr. Aneurin Owen, and other Celtic scholars, to peruse and translate from these valuable MSS., show at once the late Mr. Wynne's world-wide antiquarian and scholastic sympathies. Wales owes a debt of gratitude to such gentlemen, who are, alas ! very few in number. The following are works published from 335 the Peniartli and other MSS. : " The Four Ancient Books of Wales," pubhshed in 1868 by Mr. Skene, of Edinburgh;" ''The Black Book of Carmarthen" (12th Century); Llyfr Taliesin " (13th Century); one of the versions of Hywel Dda's Laws published for the Government by the late Aneurm Owen was from the Peniarth MS. ; and the Commissioners of Pubhc Kecords received valuable assistance from Mr. Wynne. The only known work Mr. Wynne published was the history of his own parish (Llanegryn). A catalogue of the Peniarth MSS. appeared in the Arch: Cam: (3rd series. Vol. 15, 4th series, Vols. 1 and 2). The Late ANEURIN OWEN, who died at Tros-y-parc, near Denbigh, on the 17th July, 1851, was the only son of the eminent Welsh lexicographer, Dr. Wilham Owen Pughe ; the son, Aneurin, had a profound knowledge of the Welsh language and ancient British history. Therefore, being a perfect master of his native tongue, we are not surprised to find him called upon by the Government to translate Hywel Dda's Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales," which was published in one folio volume (1841) and two 8vo. volumes. Aneurin Owen afterwards became a poor-law assistant commissioner. COLONEL GEORGE GRANT FRANCIS, of Swansea.— One of the most useful and genial inhabitants of South Wales — a gentleman who published many works of an antiquarian and historical character, and who had a chief part in founding and well-establishing the Eoyal Institution of South Wales — was the late Colonel George Grant Francis, of Swansea. Among Colonel Francis's chief works may be mentioned a History of Neath and its Abbey (1845), History of Swansea Grammar School (1843), History of Copjjer Smelting in South Wales from the Time of FAizabcth to Present Day (18G7), The Lordship of Gower (1870), and other monographs on Welsh History and Topography. Colonel Francis was also one of the founders of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, and he contributed many important aiiicles Ironi iimc lu lime id Arckaeuioyla CaiubrensU. He also gave large gifts of books to Swansea and Cardiff Free Libraries, and the Royal Institution of South Wales is enriched with a valuable collection of local fossils and books relating to Wales all given by the same generous hand. Colonel Francis died in 1881. He was instrumental in raising the 1st Glamorgan Artillery Volunteers in 1859. As patriot, author, and art connoissier, Colonel Francis' memory will long be held in remembrance in South Cambria. Dr. JOHN JENKINS, originally a farm labourer, died respected as one of the best and most learned divines attached to Welsh Baptism. He was fifteen years old before he learnt the alphabet ! And yet this self-educated, half-paid minister ("passing rich on sixteen pounds ^qv year!") wrote a Body of Divinity, and vra:^ engaged for fourteen years on a Bible CommeniaTv (published m three largo 4to volumes). The AiUGhiorjraj]Jiy of the Late Dr. Jenkins, W'ho died June 5th, 1853, aged 74, is highly interesting. One of his sons (Mr. John Jenkins) was a Breton missionary. This century has produced few such bright characters as Dr. Jenkins. The Late JOHN EYAN THOMAS, F.S.A., an eminent sculptor, was a native of Brecknock, and descended from a branch of the Thomases of Slwch, who settled in Carmarthen- shire. He was born on the 15th January, 1810, and was the eldest son of Mr. John Thomas, of Brecknock, by his wife Jane Evans, of Aberedw, Eadnorshire, a descendant of Elystan Glodrydd. With a remarkable aptitude for learning in all its branches, especially history and poetry, he evinced at a very early age a love for the arts, which his father, a man of refined taste and discrimination, fostered by every means in his power ; and he began to model in clay and carve in stone, fruits and flowers from nature, producing works when only a boy of fourteen which indicated a natural talent, many of which still exist in this county and are highly prized by their possessors. This iiinaLG genius led to Uio adupLion oi' sculpture as Lis profession, and after studying in London under Sir Francis Cliantrey, and afterwards on the Continent for some years, he commenced in 1834 the practice of his art in London, and soon took his place in the front rank of contemporary sculptors ; exhibiting his works annually in the Royal Academy, he attracted great attention, and obtained even in those early days the patronage of royalty by a direct commission from the Queen. The great masters whose works he studied were Flaxman and Canova, the classic beauty of which gave a tone to all his productions, which, combined with the realistic culture he attained under Chantrey, gave to his portrait statues and busts that peculiar union of idealism and reality which rendered them poetic pictures of the individual. They are scattered throughout the Principality, and are one and all unmistakable monuments to the sculptor's genius — " Si quocris monumentum, circumspice." The limits of this sketch v/ill not permit more than the mention of a few of the works most interesting to Wales and Welshmen ; they are — The bronze statue of Mr. James Henry Vivian, at Swansea ; colossal bronze statue of the present Lord Bute's father, at Cardiff ; a marble statue of the Prince of Wales when a boy (for which his Eoyal Highness gave the artist special sittings, in the presence of the late Prince Consort) : this is to be seen at the Welsh Schools at Ashford, Kent ; statue of Sir Charles Morgan, at Newport (father of the late. Lord Tredegar); an excellent life-like bust of the late Lord Llanover, as First Commissioner of Works ; statues of the Baileys of Glanusk ; the statue on the Bulwark, in Brecon, to the great Duke of WeUington, and for which his Grace honoured the artist with several sittings — it consists of an admirable statue in bronze, eight feet high, surmounting a handsome pedestal with bas- reliefs in bronze panels, representing Picton charging French cavalry at Waterloo, and other historical incidents connected with the Peninsular War ; the artist presented this noble monument to his native town, the pedestal and railing being 338 erected by. voluntary contributions; the marble statue of the second Lord Londonderry in Westminster Abbey ; the colossal marble statue of the late Prince Consort, erected on the castle heights at Tenby as a Welsh memorial to that illustrious prince, the original model of which is in Brecon. He was also one of the guarantors of the Exhibition of 1851, and contributed a substantial work of art entitled " Science unveiling Ignorance," which was highly thought of and prominently placed ; the original model of that work, which is of heroic size, is at Cardiff Town Hall ; and last, though not least, a rich display of monumental sculpture in the Priory Church at Brecknock. Mr. Thomas also won the premium of seventy guineas at the triennial eisteddfod held at Abergavenny in October, 1848, "for the best model in plaster illustrative of Cambro-British history ; " also one of the three premiums for the best design for the City of London monument to the Duke of Wellington in the Guildhall. And at the very successful Arts' Treasures' Exhibition for North Wales, held at Wrexham in 1876, amongst the exhibits was a design by the late Mr. Thomas, con- sisting of a group in bronze of the death of " Tewdrig, king of Gwent and Morgan wg," which has since been fixed upon and presented as a memorial to Mr. Morris Charles Jones, F.S.A., of Gungrog and Liverpool, in acknowledgement of the invaluable service he had rendered to the county of Montgomery by his pen and purse. We cannot do better in describing the bronze than copy the card attached to it in the exhibition : — " A finely " chased bronze group, representing the Death of Tewdrig, King " of Gwent and Morgan wg, a.d. 470. Tewdrig Mawr (or the " Great) having embraced Christianity while the Komans still " occupied Britain, was in his old age induced to appear once " more in defence of his country against the Saxons, whom he *' conquered at the great battle near Tintern Abbey, ontheEiver *' Wye. The Welsh King being mortally wounded, urges pursuit " of the flying Saxons, and in his dying moments is comforted ** by his daughter Marchel (mother of Brychan) while an aged 339 " Bard proclaims to liim, by harp and song, the victory. " Designed by the late John Evan Thomas, F.S.A., and modelled " by his brother, W. Meredyth Thomas, Medal Student, E.A., London, from suggestions by the Eight Hon. Lady Llanover." This fine work of art is singularly well fitted for the place it occupies in the Welshpool Museum, both as a monument to the worth and services of a native of this county, and as a specimen of the best work of a Welsh sculptor who has passed away from amongst us. The cost of the bronze was, we believe, two hundred guineas. A very fine bust of the late Eight Hon. Sir George Cornewall Lewis, now in possession of Sir Henry James, Q.C. Also the bust of Lord Justice Knight Bruce; an interest- ing anecdote connected with the latter is that the judge was so pressed for time that during one of the sittings in the artist's studio he heard a case argued before him by counsel. Mr. Thomas' social qualities endeared him to a large circle of friends, and his conversational powers and fund of anecdote, as well as his mature judgment on all matters concerning art, made him an honoured guest in the houses of the great in rank, literature, and opulence. Whenever he could escape from London and his professional avocations he visited Wales and especially his native county, as he was eminently patriotic, being well acquainted with his mother tongue and proud of being a Welshman. He identi- fied himself with the interests and progress of his county as instanced in his being the first to call attention to the neglect of the endowments of Christ College, which, with the powerful advocacy of the late Lord Llanover, lead to its resuscitation. Mr. Thomas was married in IStlO to Mary Gunter, great grand- daughter of James Gunter, fourth son of Eobert Gunter, of the Priory, Abergavenny, descended in direct line from Sir Peter Gunter, of Tregunter, co. Brecknock. He was appointed J. P. and D.L. of Breclmockshire in 1862, and served the office of high sheriff in 1868. He died on October 9th, 1873, aged 64, and was buried at Brompton Cemetery. In appearance he w^as most prepossessing. A fine open ruddy countenance, with large light run blue eyeci full oi iuLelligeiice ; a, bru.id brow, and a matiS oi' iLick curly golden coloured hair, which required no art to arrange. Of a numerous family one brother only survives, Mr. James Lewis Thomas, F.S.A., F.R.G.S., chief surveyor, War Office, who has distinguished himself as an architect in his official capacity, by designing many public buildings, the principal being the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, the drawings of which he had the honour of exhibiting to the Queen on the occasion of Her Majesty laying the foundation stone. May 19th, 1856. He was married in 1851 to Ehza Anne, daughter and heiress of the Hon. Henry Cecil Hodge, barrister-at-law, a nephew of the first Marquis of Exeter, and has several sons. < The Editor. {To he continued). WELSH NOTES. THE REV. DAVID DAVIES, OF BRIGHTON," has in an advanced state of preparation, and hopes shortly to publish, a second series of " Echoes from the Welsh Hills." THE NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD OF 1890 AT BANGOR. — A meeting of the guarantors of the National Eisteddfod to be held at Barigor in 1890 has just been held at Bangor, the Rev. W. Edwards, M.A., presiding. The guarantee bond, it was reported, had reached £900. It was agreed to ask Lord Penrhyn to accept the presidency, and the following were provisionally appointed chairmen and vice-chairmen of tbe com- mittees : Finance, Major Savage and Mr. T. E. Harris ; arts, Captain Verney and Mr. D. Griffith Davies, B.A. ; music, Dr. 341 Eoland Eogers and Mr. John Thomas, B.A. (Normal College) ; literary, the Dean of Bangor and Professor Henry Jones. Mr. Griffiths was requested to continue in the discharge of the duties of honorary secretary. The following resolutions were carried unanimously : — (1) That inasmuch as the National Eisteddfod Association and the Gorsedd of Bards assembled at Wrexham in September last have responded favourably to a request on behalf of the inhabitants of Bangor that the National Eisteddfod for 1890 be held in that city, it is resolved by this meeting of Bangor citizens that steps be taken to carry out the arrangements ; that the inhabitants, of all parties and creeds, be invited to join heartily in a uniform aim to ensure a thoroughly successful celebration of the national institution, and to maintain its traditions untainted by anything not in character with its ennobling and patriotic objects, viz., the promotion of literature, music, arts, and education ; (2), In the event of a surplus, resolved (a) that the National Eisteddfod Association be the recipient of one-half; (b) that the balance be equally divided into three portions among the North Wales Scholarship Associa- tion, the Carnarvonshire and Anglesea Infirmary, and the training ship Clio." The organisation is almost completed, and the result will be made known at an early date. THE EEV. SAMUEL EOBEETS.— There is a short note on page 297 of the Bye-Goncs volume for 1884-5, on the death of this gentleman at Conway, at the ripe age of eighty-five. It is remarked therein that " he continued to write for the press all his days," and in his case, that just meant for the lonr/ j)eriod of seventy years, for his earliest contributions to the press were, I find, dated in 1815. His honoured father, the Eev. John Roberts, of Llanbrynmair, had led him from his very boyhood to cultivate a love for literature, so that when he was ordained in 1827, as co-pastor to his father, his name and fame as a writer had become well known in Wales. Is it possible to prepare a list of his published works ? This is well worth doing, irrespective of the doctrine or party opinions expressed in them, and with a view 342 chiefly of showing the prevailing temper of his times, and of how far he was, from first to last, in advance of his countrymen in his opinions, upon civil, ecclesiastical, moral, and social questions, that came up for discussion in the newspapers and serials of our country. It can be very truly said of him, that he sowed abundantly, and that he laboured in season and out of season to improve the condition of his countrymen. Other men entered into his labours, and enriched themselves in doing so, but so humble-minded, meek, forbearing, was Mr. Eoberts that he rarely complained of the passive wrong done to himself, nor did he forbear to labour on until death came to carry his spirit away to its rest. I had known him as a boy and man for more than six and fifty years, and can very truly say of him that, though he has rested from his labours, " his works do follow him." — S. THE TWENTIETH BAEON WILLOUGHBY de ERESBY. — Lord Aveland finds himself by the death of his mother. Lady Willoughby de Eresby, not only the bearer of one of the oldest titles in the English peerage, but also a landowner on a very large scale. From his paternal ancestors, the Heathcotes, who were successful London merchants in the last century, he inherited with his title 17,000 acres in Lincolnshire, and 13,000 in Rutland. From his venerable mother he now inherits 24,000 acres in Lincolnshire, 30,000 in Carnarvonshire, and 76,000 in Perthshire, beside the magnificent seats of Grimpthorpe and Drummond Castle. The total area of the amalgamated property is more than 160,000 acres, and the income, on paper, is £120,000 a year. But it is understood that the agricultural depression, which is nowhere more acutely felt than in Lincolnshire, has practically reduced this nominal income to a much more moderate figure, and the new Lord Willoughby de Eresby will find great comfort in the cessation of the large jointure with which his estate was charged. The late Lady Willoughby was une tres grande dame of the old school in manner, speech, and way of living. She represented the extinct Veres, Earls of Oxford, and by her personal intervention at the 343 last moment dissuaded the Queen from conferring the title of Lord Oxford on Mr Gathorne Hardy, who had greatly preferred to be known by the name of his illustrious university than by that of Cranbrook, a shabby little town in Kent. From the Veres Lady Willoughby inherited, jointly with another coheiress the Lord Great Chamberlainship of England — an office which gives its holder control over the fabric of the Palace of West- minster. Frequent conflicts of jurisdiction have arisen between the Lord Great Chamberlain and the Black Eod in the House of Lords and the Sergeant-at-Arms in the House of Commons. But the hereditary officer has remained master of the situation. A CUEIOUS ACCOUNT OF BUILTH IN 1747: ToGETHEE WITH A Eeference TO HoAVEL Harris (From ciu Old ManuHcripi). — "March 9. 1747. Llanvair ym Muallt in ye county of Brecon, is a village of about 40 houses, situate on ye side of ye river Gwy, over which there is a handsome wooden bridge about 100 yards long. At this neighbourhood at a place called Cwm Llewellyn, Prince Llewellyn the last of British blood was betrayed into ye hands of ye English by one Madog Mir of Buellt near the river Irvon. Hence the inhabitants of that lordship are called by their neighbours Bradwyr Buellt. There is ye renins of an antient British fort, with deep trenches, where there hath been since a stone castle, but now all demolished and some houses in town built out of it. Here is a well of mineral water at ye sign of ye Black Lyon, noted for curing cutaneous distempers by washing, and taken inwardly is good for asthma and diseases of ye lungs, consumption, &c. It tastes strong of sulphur, and smells much like gunpowder. About a mile out of town there is a salt spring called Ffynon y Park, which pro- duces common salt but not white, about 3 pints of ye water will purge briskly. It tastes a little brackish. Here is one churclij dedicated to St. Mary, and a dissenter's meeting house, now in building by ye order and direction of Howel Harris a Methodist, who told his congregation last night in my Hearing that God had 344 never been before in Llanfair. The people had made him a good collection the day before. Most of the people are here drunk with religion. Buellt, is derived from Bu, a cow or ox, and allt, a hill : the hill of cows — Buallt. This river produces good salmon, trout, chub, graylings, pike and jack, salmon pinks 4 or 5 inches long very good eating, lampreys, daces, whilks 2 inches long. Coch Canghenod 3 or 41bs. wt. full of bones, and of no value, never eat but by ye poor. The hundred of Buallt took its name from the Castle, called Buallt, where there seems to have been anciently a Eoman station, and in this country ^t. Garmon, with all the clergy of Britain met with Gwrtheym and excommunicated him, see Neurius.'' A drawing of the wooden bridge is given, also a sketch of Buallt old fort. At the back of the manuscript is the following note : — " Thomas " Bowen y Crydd and Piobin y fidler plays Hymns on ye fidle, " preachers to ye Society of Methodists, 1747." The manuscript is unsigned ; it is in the collection of Lewis Morris at the British Museum, page 94 of volume 14907. With respect to the curious reference to Howel Harris in the above, and the mention of the meeting house, it is difficult to say whether this is the building or not which was resolved upon by the Fathers of Methodism " at an association held at Porthyrhyd, October 3rd, 1744, where it was determined that a " House for religious purposes " should be erected at Llansawel. This resolution was not carried into effect, and no such building was erected until three years after- wards at Builth (according to page 51 of Williams' Calvinistic Methodism "). The reason why this peculiar term was applied was on account of the connection which still existed between Howel Harris, his colleagues, and the Establishment, making it difficult to call it a "meeting-house." Judging from this, one might imagine that this particular chapel, if standing now, is the first distinct move of separation between the Methodists in Wales and the EstabHshed Cburch of England. Ivor Bowen. Gray's Inn, September 22nd, 1888. Vol. I. BRECON, S. Wales : NoYemher 30th, 1888. Ho. 11. TO OUR READERS. The next Jfumher, to he published on December 31st, will be the last, as we do not receive sufficient pecuni- ary support to maJce it worth our while to continue the Magazine. All the contributions have been a work of labour and love; the subscriptions have not been sufficient to pay the printer's bill ! THE EISTEDDFOD GUIDE TO BRECOJV, We shall publish early in the JSCew Year our long promised " Eisteddfod Guide to Brecon," and we shall be glad if our readers will hindly subscribe for sijo copies^ costing them, with postage, Is. 9d. The Guide is to be issued at 3d. per copy, and we are in this way ashing the friends and lovers of Welsh History and Antiquity to guarantee us some part of the enormous expense the publication of a ^' Popular Guide " at a "Popular Price" necessarily entails. Will our friends hindly oblige ? 346 HENRY VAUGHAN, SILURIST. (Concluded from Page 325). Keep fresh the grass upon his grave, O JJsca ! with thy living wave, Sing him thy best ! for few or none, Hear thy voice right, now he is gone. Matthew Arnold. There remains but little more to tell of Henry Vaughan's life ; in 1655 he translated Eermetical Physick * from the larger Latin work by ** that famous and faithfull chymist, Henry ** NoUins." Then follows a space of twenty- three years, during which the Silurist published nothing. In 1678 there appeared a small volume, called Thalia Rediviva, the Pass-times and Diversions of a Countrey Muse, which seems to have been edited by some of his friends at Oxford. It was dedicated to his noble kinsman, Henry, first Duke of Beaufort (grandson to the Defender of Eaglan), and contains preliminary verses in Vaughan's praise by the Matchless Orinda," Dr. Powell, of Cantreff, and other friends. This is a collection of poems, written at various times and of varied interest, consisting of love-songs to Etesia," congratulatory lines on the marriage of his cousin, John Morgan, Esqre " (of Wenallt in Llanddetty), Latin verses sent with a salmon, he had caught in the Usk, to " that famous and best of men, Dr. Thomas Powell " : Accept the salmon that with this I send, To you renown'd and best beloved friend ; Caught 'neath the Fall, where mid the whirling foam O' the quick-darting Usk, he just had eome. ***** Misled by his gay -painted fly astray, Of angler's rod he is the welcome prey. Benign retirement ! {Full reward to me For all my lifers thicTc-coming misery).f Here also may be found some of the most beautiful of his sacred poems: ''Looking Back," ''Affliction," " Eetirement," "The * The copy in the Bodleian Library is the only one extant, t Englished by Dr. Grosart. 347 World," and " The Bee." Nor must that touching lament over his dead friend be forgotten, which is dedicated •* To the pious Memorie of C. W., Esquire, who finished his " course here, and made his entrance into Immortality upon the '* 13th September, in the year of Kedemption, 1653." After a careful search amongst Wills and Registers, Dr. Grosart has failed to discover whose name is here implied, but the connection of these initials with the dates of month and year brings back to memory the circumstances under which they have been seen before ; until the recent restoration of Llanhamlach Church amongst the tombstones rich in floreated crosses and armorial bearings, which floored the chancel, was one bearing the inscrip- tion : Charles Walbeoffe died 13th September, 1653." Surely the similarity must be more than a coincidence ! This Charles Walbeoffe was a cousin to Henry Vaughan ; he lived at Peter- stone (then Llanhamlach) Court, in the adjoining parish to that where Lower Newton is situated ; he was a large landed pro- prietor, a magistrate, and had served his county as High Sheriff, he had therefore a right to the title of " Esquire," a title never given in olden days without the bearer being qualified to be so addressed, and altogether a greater distinction than it is now. His Christian name is mentioned : Some bid their dead ** Grood night " ! but I will say Goodmorrow to dear Charles 1 " for it is day. Only the surname needs to be supplied.* But of all that is written in this book, that which has the deepest personal interest is Daphnis," by Henry Vaughan on the death of his brother Thomas, some time Rector of Llansaintfraed, who after his ejectment devoted himself to the study of alchemy, and died in the plague-year of 1665 ; he was with the Court at Oxford, and retiring to Albury, died there February 27th, 1665, killed, according to Ashmole in Bliss' Wood's Athenae, by some chemical fumes. The Athenae gives his character thus : He was a great For a fuller account, see an article in " Old Brecknock Chips, on " The Walbeoffes of Llanhamlach," by G. E. F. M. 348 ** Chymist, a noted lover of the fire, a zealous brother of the " Eosicrucian fraternity, an understander of some of the Oriental languages, and a tolerable English and Latin poet. He was neither Papist nor Sectary, but a true, resolute Protestant in "the best sense of the Church of England." There had ever been a deep and affectionate sympathy, both of heart and intellect, between the twin-brothers, and Henry Vaughan's chastened sorrow breathes in every line of this Elegiac Eclogue. Here Daplinis sleeps, and while the great watch goes Of loud and restless Time, takes his repose. Fame is but noise ; all learning's but a thought : Which one admires, another sets at nought. Nature knocks both, and Wit still keeps adoe ; But death brings knowledge and assurance too. ***** . . . The Isis and the the prouder Thames Can shew his reliques lodged hard by their streams ; And must for ever to the honour' d name Of noble Murrey chiefly owe that fame : Yet here his stars first saw him, and when Fate ^ Beckon'd him hence, it knew no other date. Nor will these vocal woods and vallies fail, Nor Isca's louder streams, this to bewail ; But while swains hope, and seasons change, will glide With moving murmurs because Daphnis di'd. And though Thomas Vaughan rests by the Isis, the remembrance of his ''chrystal Usk" seems to have ever remained with him, and both brothers dwell on its lov'd arbours," its " green banks or streams," with an affection, which never wearies of dilating on its charm. Henry Vaughan married twice, and had children, but not even the names of his wives or his sons have come down to us. Strange that such a thing should be possible in Wales ! and especially in Brecknockshire, where the descent of every yeoman's family has been so carefully chronicled by successive heralds, and afterwards enshrined by Theophilus Jones in his invaluable History. Neither parish registers nor MS. pedigrees throw any light on either of his marriages, and it is disappointing that so little has been recorded of one, who had the most cultivated, if not the most striking, personality amongst our countrymen of the seventeenth century. Mr. Lyte says : He was twice married, 849 and had by his first wife, two sons and three daughters, and by the second, one daughter." All that we know is that one daughter. Luce Vaughan, married Jenkin Jones, of Trebinshwn ( a member of the family of Col. Jenkin Jones, of Llanddetty), and had a daughter, Denys, named after her mother's ancestress, Denys, Lady Vaughan, of Tretwr, whose husband, Sir Koger, was slain near Banbury in 1469. When Theophilus Jones wrote there still remained a tombstone near the porch of St. John's Church, Brecon, with the following: "Here lieth the body of ** Dennis Jones, daughter of Jenkin Jones of Trebinshwn by Luce " Vaughan, daughter of Henry Vaughan, doctor of physic, late of " Newton, in the parish of Llansaintfraed, she died 29th August, *' 1780, aged 92." * Henry Vaughan's other daughter, Kachel, married John Turberville, nephew of their neighbour, Eichard Turberville, for sixty-five years Eector of Llanfeigan ; her descendants ended in 1765, when her great-grand-daughter, Margaret Turberville, died unmarried. Of the sons of the Silurist we can trace nothing, though there is only one link missing to connect him with the ancestor of Dr. Vaughan, Dean of Llandaif and Master of the Temple. f On 23rd April (a day sacred to Englishmen as being that on which Shakespeare died, the day also dedicated to their patron, Saint George), 1695, Henry Vaughan, at the age of seventy-three, passed from a world in which he had suffered much tribulation, to "where beyond these voices there is Peace " ! He was carried from the house where he was born to the church where he was baptised, and he was buried in the churchyard of Llansaintfraed [on the north side), under a yew tree. At that time it was not the custom for people of his position in life to be buried outside the church, that he should have been so interred was probably in accordance with his expressed wish. His grave is an unusually long one, and it is covered by an * Is there any trace of this stone now — 1888 ? t For the very clever line of argument taken on this subject by Dr. Grosart, see his Life of H. V. 350 altar tomb, formed of stones firmly built together, the stone on the top being of great thickness, and measures 7ft. 2in. by 2ft. lOin., and 4^ inches thick ; it is from the quarry of Bwlch-yr- Arllwys, and the lettering is not that common to the district. At the head are the crest and arms of the house of Vaughan of Tretwr, and beneath is the inscription said to have been com- posed by himself ; full of humility and faith in God, it tells us that he died as he had lived, it runs as follows : Heneicus Vaughan, M.D. SiLUEis : Servus inutilis Precator maximus HiC JACEO Gloria ! Miserere. " an unprofitable servant, a sinner to the uttermost, HEBE I lie. glory (to god ! ^ have mercy on me ! " Gwenllian E. F. Morgan. Brecon. THE NEW WELSH LAKE. [By a Special Correspondent.] The closing of the valves at the dam built by the Corporation of Liverpool in the vale of Llanwddyn, Montgomeryshire, begins the creation in earnest of the new lake which the mapmakers of the future will have to mark not far from the strong backbone of the Berwyn Mountains. Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, this week, have been eventful days for our Welsh friends, who live often long distances apart, in the sweet valleys and upon the rounded hillsides of that picturesque district. On Monday evening a farewell service was held in the old parish church, which is being dismantled, and next day a new church was consecrated. There was something exceedingly interesting, and not a little touching, in this public abandonment of a whole 351 valley to the waters. The Corporation of Liverpool have done a good deal more than provide their city with what they believe to be an unfailing supply of pure water : they are making a fresh- water lake 4f miles long, and of a width varying from a quarter to five-eighths of a mile ; and they have built a very handsome church and vicarage to replace the structure which has stood so long some two miles up the valley. This was the building consecrated on Tuesday by the Bishop of Bangor. From all points of the compass, in wild wind, driving rain, and by miry ways, came the inhabitants — Nonconformists and Church people mingling together, and ascending to the church boldly situated upon the prominent shoulder of a hill. Down at the works under the shadow of the splendid piece of masonry, a curious collection of muddy vehicles showed the journeys travelled by many of the worshippers, some of whom had on the previous night further up the valley sung their last hymn and said their last response in the old church. And here on the breezy height was not only a new vicarage and church, but a ready-made burial-ground ; for the bodies from the old place have been taken up and removed, with their original headstones, to the new spot. All the cottages and houses (about fifty) in the valley which is now being submerged, if they are worth removal, will be pulled down before the water reaches them. A great lake, with a surface area of 1,121 acres, is not made all at once, and it is computed that, under ordinary circumstances, and according to general calculations, Lake Vyrnwy (pronounced and sometimes spelt Vernew) will be full to within seventeen feet of the overflow before the end of next August. Heavy rains will naturally accelerate the process ; and as the district is rather notorious for its rains, and there are other streams beside the Vyrnwy, the above estimate is probably a sound one. Even now there is a considerable accumulation of water in the valley near the dam. On Tuesday and Wednesday before the valves closed the river was pouring through] one of the tunnels in a white roaring flood, and streaming along the foot of the wall to the channel 352 artificially made to divert the little stream. Henceforth the tunnels will be closed ; the waters will day by day creep over the valley, gaining silently, hiding ancient landmarks remorse- lessly, and completely altering the face of the country. The people have become accustomed to the idea for several years ; they have long ago resigned themselves to the inevitable, but not until the consecration service on Tuesday did they fully realise that the end had indeed come. The first blow of the pick between the weather-beaten stones of the old church brings home to them all the actuality as no previous work has done. Until next August, when the lake should be eighty-four feet deep in some parts, the advance of the rising water must be watched, and timely clearance made of removable materials that remain upon dry land. And not the least interesting feature of this creation of a large lake is the dictum of the geologists that in prehistoric times the Upper Vyrnwy Valley was the site of a lake at a lower level than that of the new one. To revert for a moment to the church, it may be stated that inside the porch there is an inscription chiselled into the oak sides : *' This church of St. Wddyn was erected a.d. 1887, the old Church of St. John being covered by Lake Vyrnwy." At the lower end of the dam, and opposite the entrance to the parapet way, a large polished slab has been let into the rock to inform posterity that the work was successfully accomplished by the Corporation of Liverpool for objects and under circumstances briefly recorded. Much information was given to the company assembled at the new vicarage after the consecration ceremony by Mr. Deacon, the engineer, and Mr. George Bower, chairman of the Water Committee of the Liverpool Corporation, and also host of the day. The Vicar of the Parish at the same function very happily drew a comparison between the quiet little community of eight years ago and the scene of activity caused by the gigantic works promoted by the Liverpool Corporation, between the humble valley that could boast of nothing but its ramparts of high mountains, and the stupendous project that would be famous in history. 853 It is undoubtedly a stupendous undertaking, and for once . we have a dam that really does not detract from the picturesque appearance of the locality. One cannot easily convey a comprehensive idea of the magnitude of a piece of masonry like this. It stretches across the valley in an unbroken length of 1,172 feet ; there is a solid foundation of 60ft. below the bed of the river ; and the heighth to the parapet is 101 feet. The greatest thickness at the base is 120 feet, and the faces of the masonry slope inwards, until, between the parapets, it becomes a roadway of nearly 20 feet wide. The stone is a hard slate rock of the Carodoc beds, and though very expensive to work it produces excellent ashlar. Some of the stones when worked were 10 tons in weight, and for those curious in such matters it may be stated that a 10-ton block of this material would be 12ft. by 4ft. by 3ft., or 10ft. by oft. by 3ft., or 7|ft. by 4ift. by 4ift. Every stone has been set in a bed of Portland cement mortar of exceptional strength. The handsome appearance of the dam is due to a line of thirty- three graceful arches on the viaduct, their use being to carry off the overflow water when the lake has reached a depth of 84 feet. When that happens there will be a superb waterfall of over a thousand feet long and nearly a hundred feet high — an unequalled sight truly in any country. The Corporation has to take care that the rivers Severn and Vyrnwy are not robbed of their water supply, and as a matter of fact the rivers will, in pursuance of the usual compensation clauses, be better off than before. Though other rivers run dry, these will be constantly fed from the great lake, the water passing through the masonry in a twenty-inch pipe, and into a compensation house, where by ingenious arrangements the millions of gallons that have to escape can be measured to a nicety. The valves which have been referred to as now closed control the flow through two tunnels, each 15 feet diameter, at the bottom and at each end of the dam. By acting upon a pipe of thirty-nine inches the valves virtually regulate the level of the lake. Until Wednesday the water was rushing through unrestrained, but the closed valves 354 effectually checked the impetuosity of the echoing flood. Until the lake is full the rivers will be fed by the ten million gallons of water accurately told by gauge and measuring basin in the compensation house. With regard to the practical service which the new Welsh lake is created to perform, the water will probably be accumulated long before it is wanted. The first water impounded will no doubt be much discoloured, and should be allowed to rise and overflow, and undergo a natural process of clarification before it is used in Liverpool. The wonders of this piece of work were fully described in The Daily News of September 15th, and I may here explain that the streaming tower there mentioned performs two important functions — it always collects the water from a short distance below the surface, where it holds less matter in suspension than elsewhere, and where the bleaching and oxidizing influences are greater than below ; and it strains the water to prevent the passage of living or inert bodies to the aqueduct, which is the longest yet constructed, being 77 miles to the Town-hall of Liverpool, and therefore 32 miles longer than the famous Claudian Aqueduct. — London Daily News, Nov. SOth^ 1888, EMINENT WELSHMEN OF THE NINE- TEENTH CENTURY (PAST AND PRESENT). (Continued from Page 840). JOHN PARRY (Bardd Alaw) was a prolific and popular composer. He was the author of Ap Shenkin," The Minstrel Boy," etc. He died in London in April, 1851. His last work was a two volume collection of Ancient British Airs, with poetry by Mrs. Hemans. His son was the celebrated John Parry, the vocalist. 355 The ReY. THOMAS JONES, of Creaton, a Cardiganshire man, and who lived to an advanced age, dying in 1845, may hardly be said to belong to these latter times, still the old veterans deserve recognition even in these superior days, for each and all of them did sterling work, some of it perhaps of a rough character, but like the unrefined ore of gold — it still sparkles. Jones of Creaton made some very sterling translations from English into Welsh of such well-known works as Baxter's Saints' Rest ; he was beside author of numerous works in Welsh and English, including a Scriptural Directory, which passed through ten editions. ^ The ReY. WILLIAM JONES, Congregational Minister, Bridgend, who died in 1847, translated " Morrison's Family Prayers " into Welsh, a-nd also published at Merthyr and Cowbridge a work of great merit — '* Geiriadur Duwinyddol " (1887-9). The ReY. ISAAC JONES, who died in 1850, besides being the author of a Welsh Grammar, translated into Welsh Dr. Adam Clarke's Commentaries on the Old and New Testaments ; also Gurney's Dictionary of the Bible " ; and edited a second edition of Salesbury's Welsh Testament, published at Carnarvon in 1850. The Welsh have ever been considered great theologians, and these services to Welsh theology by the old literary veterans of *' other days " should be placed once again on record. The ReY. Dr. THOMAS PHILLIPS, of Neuaddlwyd, a prolific Welsh preacher and writer — indeed few Welsh preachers were his equal, either in eloquence or native literary ability — died on December 22nd, 1842. Dr. GWYN JEFFREYS was called to the Bar in 1856 ; he was author of a considerable work on British Conchology " (five vols.), and was Fellow of the Eoyal and Linnean Societies. Dr. Jeffreys and his family have lived for generations at Swansea. He died in 1885. 356 The Late Rev. HENRY REES, of Liverpool, has left such an influence for good upon the Principahty, that he demands notice in the niche of Eminent Welshmen" ; he was born in 1798, and died in 1869 ; he was undoubtedly one of the foremost preachers of his age. His sermons have been posthumously published by the Eev. Griffith Parry, of Aberystwith. "JONES OF TALYSARN."— Another noted Welsh divine, whose voice and great personal influence left quite an eclectic influence behind, and who died in the year 1857, was the Eev. John Jones, of Talysarn : he was a great preacher. Dr. Owen Thomas' well-known " Biography and Sermons " of the deceased divine need only to be mentioned to call up in the minds of our elders the worth of this good man. SAMUEL ROBERTS (" S.R.")— The noted - S.E." (Eev. Samuel Eoberts, M.A., of Llanbrynmair, was the son of an equally noted father — " J.E." — John Eoberts. Samuel was born at Llanbrynmair on the 6th March, 1800, and died September 24th, 1885. Not only as a minister, but as a social and political reformer, " S.E." became popular throughout Wales, and he even laid claim to be the inventor of the Penny Postage System, and to have urged the idea upon the Govern- ment before Sir Eowland Hill. " S.E." was also the originator and editor of the Chronicle, a religious monthly possessing at one time a large circulation. S.E." spent some years in Tennessee. The Rev. DR. PRICE, of Aberdare, a Baptist divine of some note, is better known for services rendered to friendly societies throughout Wales, and even in a more enlarged sphere. He was a very accomplished statistician, and in consideration of his valuable actuarial services, the University of Leipsic conferred upon him the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. Dr. Price was born near Brecon in 1820. He was for many years a vigorous social and religious worker in the thickly-populated district of Aber- dare. Dr. Price died a few months ago. 357 " CALEDFRYN."— The year 1869 took from our midst a Welsh poet — the Rev. W. Williams, popularly known as " Caled- fryn." He was born at Denbigh in 1801, and was a Congrega- tional minister in Carnarvon, London, Llanrwst, and Groeswen, near Cardiff. As a bard and literateur he was great : numerous native magazines benefitted by his contributions, and he obtained the "chair" prize at Beaumaris Eisteddfod for the best ode on " The Wreck of the Rothesay Castle." Caledfryn died at Groeswen in 1869. " lEUAN GL AN GEIRION YDD " (ReY. Evan Evans), was a native of Trefriw, Caernarvonshire ; born of humble, but strictly honest and highly-respected parents ; he acquired at an early age great celebrity as a poet, reaching the highest rank, and gained what very few Welsh poets have ever done — three bardic chairs. By the kindness of some friends, which his early talents had earned for him, he was qualified for the Church, but not being able to obtain any clerical appointment in his native Wales, he was presented to the curacy of Christleton , Cheshire, from whence he was preferred to the perpetual curacy of Ince in the same county. He was ordained by Dr. Bloomfield, Bishop of Chester, February 19th, 1826, and received the curacy of Christleton in December of the same year, at which place he officiated until 1843, when he removed to take the perpetual curacy of Ince. Having been neglected by the Welsh Bishops, he retired as a lay- man to Trefriw, his native place, where he intended to spend the remainder of his days ; but at the urgent solicitations of his friends, he was prevailed upon to undertake the curacy of Rhyl, where it was stated that he did more good in the six months he was there, than his predecessor had done during a lifetime. He was born April 20th, 1795, and died at Rhyl 21st January, 1855. In 1844 he published the first volume of his Commentaries, entitled " The Pictorial Bible," a second volume in 1847, and the third, which ends with the Book of Malachi, in 1850. This work alone, says one writer, would cenotaph his name to immor- tality. He also published the Gwladgarwr, one of the choicest 358 publications ever issued in the Welsh language ; and this labour alone should have brought him to the notice of those in high places, had they possessed any sympathy at all with the inhabit- ants of a country to which this great man was so enthusiastically attached, and it reflects great discredit on those who presided over our Welsh dioceses during those years that he was compelled to remain in England, while his heart was in Wales, his beloved country. His poem, entitled " The Yearning of a Welshman in a Foreign Land for his native Wales," is sufficient evidence as to his feelings. One of his biographers says, he will live as a genius through his poems ; but is immortal in his hymns. He " will be known wherever the Welsh language is spoken. In " America and Australia they praise God in his words ; and his " war-song, ' Morfa Ehuddlan,' has been sung in most of the boasted fields of England's glory ; and the humble Christian *' has no better words on his dying lips, as he is ushered to the presence of his God, than the soul-stirring words of leuan *' Glan Geirionydd." " EBEN. FARDD " (Ebenezer Thomas) died in 1863 ; was a schoolmaster in Carnarvonshire. In 1824, when he was twenty-two years of age, he won the chair prize with an ode on *' The Destruction of Jerusalem," and in 1840 he won the Gordo- figion chair at Liverpool for " Job." In 1858 he published "Maes Bosworth" (Bos worth Field), by many considered his best production. The Late WILLIAM MENELAUS, who died as recently as March 31st, 1882, although not a Welshman, did much for the commercial progress of Wales, he having been for nearly a third of a century general manager of that leviathan undertaking — the Dowlais Iron and Steel Works. Mr. Menelaus was one of the first to adopt the Bessemer process, and he so greatly developed this steel-making process, that it completely revolutionized the iron trade of South Wales. Mr. Menelaus was also the founder of the South Wales Institute of Engineers, and his munificent 359 gift of £10,000 worth of pictures to the Cardiff Free Library is still fresh in the minds of thousands of grateful Welshmen in the Welsh metropolis. The pictures, thirty-six in number, are held in trust by the Cardiff Corporation for the town. The CRAWSHAYS of Cyfarthfa.— The history of the progress of the Crawshay family would take a book in itself to do adequate justice to the subject. The railway movement between 1840 and 1850 did much for the Cyfarthfa Works, and it is computed that when Mr. William Crawshay retired in 1847, the works supported directly and indirectly some 20,000 persons, and when Mr. William Crawshay died in 1867 (4th August) he is said to have been worth £7,000,000, but when his son died in 1875 (10th May) the works were in a far different state. Unfortunately the coal and iron strike, which commenced in 1873, assumed such gigantic proportions, that in 1876 120,000 men (iron and coal workers) were locked out," and consequently out of employment. The ** old hands " of Cyfarthfa were never again to enjoy their former prosperity. Things went from bad to worse, until in 1881 Cyfarthfa Works were entirely closed. The works were subsequently re-opened as a steel-making concern, and as things go, now enjoy a share of their wonted activity and prosperity. Sir WILLIAM THOMAS LEWIS, the present able manager of the vast Welsh properties — mineral and landed — of the Marquis of Bute, is essentially a self-made man. His business capacity, his talents for organization and direction, are wonder- fully supreme, and he comes from the town that gave us Penry Williams, the painter, and Thomas Stephens, the brilliant essayist — Merthyr Tydfil. Sir William Thomas Lewis is in every sense the creation of the Eeign, for he was born in 1837. He was knighted by the Queen in December, 1885. At the age of thirty he was elected President of the South Wales Institute of Engineers, and he is a Eoyal Commissioner on Accidents in Mines. In 1880 he was elected President of the Coalmasters' 360 Association of Great Britain. These weighty appointments are mentioned as only tending to show the worth of the man. But in another direction Sir W. T. Lewis is revered. He was instrumental in helping to establish the Monmouthshire and South Wales Miners Provident Fund, and the Marquis of Bute has given £1,500 to this benevolent and philanthropic fund. It is computed that some forty to fifty thousand miners pay into and « are eligible for its benefits. Formerly, when one of those sadly too frequent and terrible colliery explosions took place, an appeal for help for the widows and orphans had to be made to the Lord Mayor of London. But now the fund is found to be a very practical exemplification of the help-myself and union-is-strength principle, for during a late sad explosion at Ynyshir (Ehondda), when thirty-seven men were killed, it was found they were all members of the Fund, and no appeal for outside help was necessary. Sir W. T. Lewis filled the office of High Sheriff for Brecknock county in the year 1884. GRIFFITH JOHN, the Chinese Missionary, although he has worked for three and thirty years in the far-off and still little known Celestial Empire, deserve mention in these pages, if only to show that Welshmen can lead self-denying lives for the sake of others. Griffith John from his youth up has shown conspicuous ability, and he would undoubtedly have made his mark in any calling. Griffith John was born at Swansea on the 14th December, 183]. He was educated at Brecon Memorial College (long before the present fine block of buildings was erected), under the tuition of the Eev. Professor Henry Griffith, F.G.S. During his college course a returned missionary from Madagascar, the late Eev. David Griffiths, who was then settled as pastor of the Congregational Church, at Hay, Breconshire, happened to address the Brecon students on the subject of missionary enterprise, and this settled young John to offer himself as a missionary to the London Missionary Society, and his ordination for the work took place at Swansea on Good Friday in 1855, when Ebenezer Chapel was packed with an 861 enthusiastic audience which did not conceal the strong emotion felt at parting with their young preacher. Before leaving England Mr. John married Miss Margaret Jane Griffiths, daughter of the returned Madagascar missionary. And Mrs. John, until the day of her death in 1873, proved herself a success- ful worker among the women of China. Mr. and Mrs. John reached Shanghai on the 24th September, 1855 ; and from that day until the present time Mr. John has zealously and success- fully laboured among the Chinese, his Hankow mission labours having borne rich fruit and blessing. Mr. John was the first missionary to enter Hankow. He, in company with another worker, made a tour of 3000 miles through the provinces of Sichuen and Shen-si. In the year 1870 Mr. John and his wife visited England. He stayed till January, 1873. During his visit he addressed an open-air Cymanfa at Machynlleth, when there were 5,000 people present. Mr. John's literary labours are not inconsiderable ; he is a thorough master of the intricate signs of the Chinese tongue, and has published many religious tracts, and his greatest work has been the translation of the New Testament and other parts of the Old into Chinese ; all competent authorities agree in stating that "the new version of the New Testa- *' ment, prepared by the Rev. Griffith John, of Hankow, is superior to any other." The Chinese are a critical and highly-intelligent race, and there can be no question that Mr. John's literary labours in the language understanded of the people (over 300,000,000 of them !) has given him quite an unique place in modern missionary enterprise. Over a million copies of these tracts and detached portions of Scripture are circulated annually. What will be the ultimate result of China mission work no one can foresee. According to Canon Taylor, it is to be estimated as a failure. But men of the grit and heart of Griffith John think otherwise. Mr. John is still out on the active mission field, and although the Congregational Union of England and Wales did him the signal honour of appointing him unanimously as Chairman of this year's Union, Griffith John telegraphed that he could not leave his 862 work, and must decline the compliment. All honour to such earnest -minded men. Griffith John married as his second wife the widow of the Eev. Dr. Jenkins, of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America, but Mrs. John died in 1885. Truly Wales has need to be proud of such men as Griffith John, the Founder of the Hankow Mission. The Late Mr. J. ROLAND PHILLIPS, barrister-at law, and first stipendiary magistrate of West Ham, has left his mark upon Welsh historical literature by the publication of his pains- taking Memoirs of the Civil War in Wales and the Marches : in fact, the work marks quite an epoch in Welsh historical annals. Mr. Phillips died at Bournemouth on June 3rd, 1887 ; he was a native of Cilgerran, Cardiganshire. His other works included a History of Cilgerran (published in 1867) ; The History and Town of Cardigan ; and A Short History of the County of Glamorgan (lately re-published by Mr. William Lewis, of Cardiff). It is said that the late Mr. Phillips contemplated publishing a History of Wales during the Tudor period, and a History of the Castles and Abbeys of South Wales. Mr. Phillips' knowledge of the Welsh MSS. at the Eecord Office and in the British Museum was probably unique. The ReY. Canon DAYID WILLIAMS was born at Troedyrharn, near Brecknock, in 1825 ; educated at St. David's College, Lampeter ; ordained in 1849 ; and became Assistant Lecturer at the College in the same year. In 1851 he became Vicar of Silian and Llanwnnen, and from 1854 to 1867 was Professor of Welsh at St. David's College. During those years he was Eector of Llanedy. In 1867 he accepted the Vicarage of Llanelly, and in 1871 became Welsh Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of St. David's, and Canon Eesidentiary in 1876. Canon Williams has been one of the most hard-working and successful clergymen in South Wales. Since his appointment to the important benefice of Llanelly he has renovated the old parish church, built a vicarage house and a new church for the English 868 congregation. Through his vigorous efforts two new ecclesias- tical parishes have been formed out of the parish of Llanelly, viz. : Dafen and Felinfod. Canon Williams has for many years taken an active part in the Temperance movement. He is the author of several valuable pamphlets on Church questions. Canon Williams, we are happy to state, is still alive. DEAN WILLIAMS, of Llandaff, was the representative of one of the oldest Brecknockshire families — the Williamses of Aberbran — although born at Monmouth in 1801. Was educated at Shrewsbury School, under the celebrated Dr. Butler, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield. From there he went to Oriel College, Oxford, where he took his first class, obtaining his B.A. degree in 1822, and his M.A. degree in 1825. He was ordained deacon in 1827 by the Bishop of St. David's, and priest in 1828 by the Bishop of Durham. In the following year he was presented to the living of Llanvapley, Monmouthshire, in the diocese of Llandaff. In 1843 he was made Archdeacon of Llandaff, by Dr. Coplestone (the then Bishop of Llandaff, and who was formerly provost at Oriel College), and in 1857 was appointed Dean of Llandaff by Bishop Ollivant. For some time he was one of the Bishop's examining chaplains. The attention of Dr. Coplestone was called to the Rev. Thomas WilHams soon after his presentation to the living of Llanvapley. At that time he was regarded as the most eloquent and learned preacher in the diocese. The want of church accommodation had begun to press itself upon the attention of the Bishop, who found in the Eev. Mr. Williams an earnest determination to increase the usefulness of the Church ; but there were many obstacles at that day to the work of Church extension. Very soon after the late Bishop was consecrated the Rev. Thomas Williams wrote him a letter pointing out very strongly the large and rapidly increasing population of the diocese, and the great deficiency of pastoral superintendence. There were at that time (1849), 17 parishes in Glamorganshire, with a population of 104,000, with only Church 364 accommodation for 7,000, and in 13 parishes in Monmouthsliire, with a population of 81,000, there was only Church accommoda- tion for 10,000. Merthyr, with a population of 50,000, had only Church accommodation for 2,500, and Bedwellty, with a popula- tion of 22,000, had accommodation at the churches for only 2,000. This letter was subsequently published by the Bishop as a pamphlet. It aroused the attention of the wealthy residents in the diocese. In 1850 two public meetings were held at the request of his Lordship, one at Bridgend, and one at Newport. £5,000 were subscribed, and the Llandaff Church Extension Society established. When the Eev. Thomas Williams was made Dean of Llandaff, the Cathedral was in a state of ruin. The work of restoration had been commenced by the Eev. Bruce Knight, and the Lady Chapel had been restored. Dean Conybeare lived only a short time after his appointment, and the work was taken earnestly in hand by his successor. In 1862, chiefly through the instrumentality of the Dean, the sum of £10,000 was raised for the partial restoration of the nave ; and from that time to 1869 the further sum of £30,000 was raised by his efforts, and the Cathedral completely restored. His last public address was given at the re-ppening of the Cathedral by the Bishop of Oxford. Since that period his physical powers became feeble, and he was compelled to relinquish active duties, but his mind was unimpaired to the last, and with the assistance of an amanuensis he carried on his work for the Church with unabated vigour. For nearly half a century the late Dean identified himself with every movement for the extension of the Church of England in the Diocese of Llandaff. The deceased published during life several sermons and charges. The Eev. Prelate died at Llandaff on April 21st, 1877, aged 76. He married Elizabeth, daughter of the late Venerable Archdeacon Davies, of Brecknock. The late Dean was buried on May 5th, in the old burying ground of the Cathedral, on the north side of the Cathedral, under the shade of two large walnut trees, which was the spot he himself selected. Only a plain cross marks the spot 365 by deceased's own request : this is in full accordance with the simplicity of his character : but he needs no monument : the restored Cathedral of Llandaff is his monument. Si moimmentum quaeris circumspice. "The Patriarch of Wales," the Rev. DAYID WILLIAMS, of Troedrhiwdalar, although a Nonconformist, was a very remarkable man. He was born in an obscure farm house, called Nant-y-dderwen, in an equally obscure glen in the neighbourhood of Llanwrtyd, on the 27th January, 1779, and died on the 27th August, 1874, having lived to be ninety-five years and seven months old ; physically he was an extraordinary man : by three years he was only the junior of the Declaration of American Independence, by ten years he was the junior of Napoleon I., and he lived during the reigns of four sovereigns — George III., George IV., William IV., and Queen Victoria. Mr. Williams in early life was a shoemaker, and in his later days was very fond of showing a little tin box in which he kept his coffee seventy years before ! In early life he went to live at Merthyr — which then was nothing more than a village — and subsequently went to Cardiff in 1798 — ^^which then consisted of eighteen hundred inhabitants, and commenced business as a " shoe builder." He afterwards returned to his native Eppynt, and in the year 1803 was ordained the successor of Mr. Price at Troedrhiwdalar Independent chapel, on the modest salary of £15 per year, and throughout his long life he never had more than £40 per annum ; but the fruits of an exceedingly industrious life enabled him to purchase a small farm. The " staying " powers of this extraordinary character were seemingly unlimited : he performed so many services a week ; now in the island of Anglesea, from thence to Glamorgan, and back through Pembroke : riding on his grand little native steed by day and by night. It is computed that if he was one day in the saddle he was in it ten years of his life. One morning he started from Troedrhiwdalar to attend a public meeting in Cardiganshire at 366 twelve o'clock ; lie did it. He had a similar engagement at Llangattock ; other business necessitated him riding through parts of Carmarthen, Merioneth, Montgomery,. Eadnor, called at Tanrallt, gallopped for Eppynt, and from thence went on to Llangattock, where he arrived " one Monday afternoon as fresh as a lark !" In fact, it has been credibly stated that he would go thirty-five miles with two pennyworth of hard ginger bread in his pocket. At jubilee services held at Troedrhiwdalar, a member of Mr. Williams's congregation, in presenting him with some books, stated that during the fifty years, in which there were 2,500 Sundays, Mr. Williams had never once been disabled from performing his duties. He possessed a fine Welsh build for wear and tear, and was not stint in using it ; he had a chest made for a blacksmith on grand occasions ;" fine voice ; very nervous temperament with it all ; and was full of passionate declamation and poetical inspiration. On one occasion, a very few months before his death, Mr. Williams went up to London to take part in some services ; he did not leave his native hills till Saturday, preached in the Metropolis three times on the Sunday, preached again twice on Monday, and was back at Llanwrtyd on Tuesday, and this, too, at ninety-five ! He was seventy years pastor of the same congregation. ReY. JOHN BLACKWELL (Alun), was born in a cottage known as Ponterwyl, near Mold, in the year 1797 ; his parents being persons in the humble walk of life, but highly respected. The father, a collier, was of steady habits, and noted for his industry and firmness of character ; and the mother is said to have been a tender, diligent, and consistent Christian ; and the greatness of Mr. Blackwell is not more apparent in any circum- stance of his industrious life than in the great affection, care, and respect he at all times entertained for his beloved parents. It does not appear that he ever enjoyed the privilege of a regular course of instruction in his youth, Wales in those days having little means for the education of the poorer class, and Mr. 867 Blackwell may be more indebted to the Sunday-school for his earher instruction than to any other source. At the age of eleven he was apprenticed to a shoemaker ; his master was a poet of considerable merit, and the little inclination young Blackwell had for Welsh poetry received a fresh impetus from the master shoemaker. He spent his four years apprenticeship, during which period his mind was actively employed in acquiring knowledge and new conquests in the regions of literature. When seventeen, he became journeyman, and was enabled to lay aside weekly a small portion of his wages to buy books ; his excursions to Chester, always on foot, in order to economize the funds at his command, are truly characteristic of himself, as well as of many other of our eminent Welshmen of the first half of the present century, who started under the same disadvantage. Of works on Welsh Archaeology he was passionately fond, and the bardic lore of his country was to him an especial object of study. Though he had written much, and many of his poetical effusions were freely exhibited to his friends and were greatly admired, he seldom committed any of his productions to the press until he was nearly twenty-five years of age. His local reputation as a bard having been assured, his humble dwelling was the resort of the several bards of the immediate neighbourhood, who were always welcomed by our young poet, and these gatherings undoubtedly were very attractive to all concerned and highly mteresting. At the Euthin Eisteddfod, held in the year 1823, be first entered the arena of competition, and was awarded a medal for the best ode on Edward 11. ; also another prize for the best oration on " The Excellencies of the Welsh Language." At Caerwys, in the same year, he carried off two prizes, one for an essay, and another for a poem. Mold Eisteddfod again followed in the autumn of the same year, at which he gained his chaired prize for his ode on " Maesgarmon," against thirteen competitors, some of them bards of acknowledged ability. The chairman of the Eisteddfod. (Lord Mostyn) highly complimented him, and he was informed by his lordship that steps would be 368 taken to find liim some other employment than that of shoe- maker. Before this gathering separated, a fund was raised to enahle Mr. Blackwell to acquire a collegiate education, pre- paratory to his entering the ministry of the Church. Archdeacon Cloughwas appointed treasurer, and the following January (1824) he found himself at Berriew, studying under the Kev. T. Eichards — at which place he became acquainted with several noted gentle- men, amongst them " Ifor Kerri," and "Walter Mechain." In nine months he had acquired a sufficient amount of classical knowledge to enable him to enter at Oxford, During this short period he also found time to compose his magnificent essay on the " Welsh Language " for the Welshpool Eisteddfod, which gained the prize— an essay which deserves to be much better known by Welshmen of the present day, and more extensively read and digested, In September of the same year he took another prize medal at the Powys Eisteddfod, and entered residence at Oxford in December, at which place he gained many friends, and his society was much sought after. In his first year at the University he managed to send to the Kuthin Eisteddfod his translation of "Pope's Messiah," and the prize was divided between him and the accomplished bard and Welsh scholar, Mr. E. Davies, of Nantglyn, an honour he looked upon greater than if he had gained the whole prize in the absence of such a distin- guished competitor. He passed his final examination in May, 1828, and he took his degree. In the autumn of this year he attended the Eoyal Eisteddfod, which was held at Denbigh, and acted as one of the judges on the chief compositions. January 25th, 1829, he was ordained to the Curacy of Holywell, where his ministrations were singularly successful. He was appointed again to adjudicate on the chief poetical subjects at the Eoyal Eistedd- fod held at Beaumaris in 1832, and was called upon to address the assembly in the absence of the Eev. T. Price, Carnhuanawc, and was honoured by being formally introduced to their Eoyal Highnesses Princess Victoria (the present Queen of England) and the Duchess of Kent, who were present, and took a lively interest 369 in all the proceedings of the Eisteddfod. He was promoted to the Kectorship of Manordeive, Pembrokeshire, in 1833, the living being in the gift of the Lord Chancellor (Lord Brougham), to whom by a curious incident he had been introduced. It is mentioned by Mr. Blackwell's biographer, that the letter of acknowledgment he wrote to his distinguished patron was most elegantly written, and that the Lord Chancellor showed it to the then Lord Grey, who observed that its epistolary merit wag inferior only to Dr. Johnson's celebrated letter to Lord Chester- field. This worthy minister of Christ was presented by his parishioners, on his leaving Holywell, with a handsome testi- monial as a token of their gratitude and esteem, and he delivered his farewell sermon March 10th, 1833, which was afterwards published. While at Manordeive,' he undertook to edit the Cylchgraivn, a Welsh magazine issued under the direction of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and printed at Llandovery. Though, as in many other worthy attempts, the course of the Cylchgrawn was short, its merits are great, and will always rank with the best productions of the literature of the Principality, and will remain a lasting monument of the editor's wonderful command of the Welsh language. Mr. Black well married a Miss Deer, of Holywell, in 1839, which union proved for the very short period he was allowed to live the source of the greatest comfort and consolation to him, and though Wales would have done anything in order to spare the blow, it was God's will that he should enter upon his rest in the forty-third year of his age. He was released from his earthly sorrow and suffering, fully submitting himself with gratitude to his Father's will. Perhaps the most popular poem of all his voluminous productions is his elegy on the death of Bishop Heber. His translations from English to Welsh are all most happy. His life and literary remains, called The Beauties of Ahm, were published at Kuthin by Mr. J. Clarke in 1851, under the supervision of the Rev. G. Edwards, M.A. (" Gutyn Padarn") ; it is one of the most charming little volumes ever issued from the Welsh press. 870 REY. R. ELLIS (Cynddelw) was born on the 8rd day of February, 1812, at a small cottage named Tynymeini, on a farm called Bryndraenyw, Mochnant Uwcb Ehaiadr. Like others, he had parents, but it was not from them he inherited the eminence which belongs to him. His father died when he was only four years old, and it does not appear that he received any schooling whatever, neither had he any assistance from anyone to place him on the paths of knowledge and understanding during his younger years. He was taught the Welsh alphabet at the death- bed of his father, and the Sunday-school was the only opportunity open to him, of which he made the best use. He spent the years of his youth in the service of different farmers in the neighbour- hood of his home, making the best use of his leisure hours, which were necessarily only few, and the Sabbath school to search after knowledge ; his most pleasant occupation was to read the works of the old Welsh poets, and collect from the older inhabitants of his acquaintance every oral tradition, superstition, and folk lore of the ancient Cymri ; and Wales is not more indebted to anyone for the preservation of those interesting and valuable relics of our ancestors than she is to her loyal and dutiful son Cynddelw. At the age of twenty he joined the Baptist Church at Gefail Khyd, and was baptized in 1832. He soon became a very accepted speaker at the meetings of the Sunday- School Union, and by the year 1837 he was made minister of Llaneliea and Llandulas, without the assistance of any school or college but that which is often spoken of, even to this day, by some of the older inhabitants of **Gwyllt Walia " as the best university to prepare men for the ministry — viz., Coleg Aniau " (Nature's College). Naturally he was a man of prepossessing appearance, as handsome as could be seen in a day's sojourn ; his gentlemanly and attractive manner might be detected easily among thousands. He was eloquent and full of natural humour, which made his company most delightful to be in, and, as one of his admirers said of him, " he carried his heart in his face." As a Welsh scholar, he undoubtedly stood the 871 highest of any who had not received classical training, and he knew as much about Wales as any other in his age : of her antiquities, history of her kings and princes, her bards, monks, saints, Mabinogion, tales, laws, etc., his knowledge seems to have had no bounds. He was also learned in Welsh poetry, the structure of which is so widely different to that of any other language, both ancient and modern : the peculiar ingenuity in the selection and arrangement of words, so as to produce rhythmical concatenation of sounds in every verse, being the characteristic of, and essential to, Welsh poetry. His ode on the " Resurrection," which gained the prize in 1849, is pronounced by one of the adjudicators (Rev. J. Jones, Tegid) to be one of the best odes he ever read in any language, neither had he read anything better in his life on this subject. Among the principal works he published were his *' Welsh- Welsh Dictionary," " Welsh Rhyming Dic- tionary," and " Tafol y Beirdd " — an essay on the laws of versification in Welsh poetry from the earliest ages to the present time, showing the nature and value of the twenty-four Welsh metres according to the principles and arrangements of the Bards of the Isle of Britain. He published also a Commentary on the New Testament, and other works our space will not admit the mention of. He died 19th August, 1875, at Gartheryr, very near the spot of his birthplace. GWALTER MECHAIN. It would be a difficult task indeed to find among the many sons of " Gwyllt Walia," who have distinguished themselves within the present century, one who laboured so diligently, who applied himself with such energy, and who served his generation so faithfully, as the late Rev. Walter Davies, M.A. (Gwalter Mechain). Scarcely do we meet with any work connected with Wales, which was issued from the press within the first half of 372 this century, which is not indebted to him in some way or another ; to some he rendered material assistance, who in return did not have the common decency even to acknowledge their indebtedness to him. We do not intend in the present short article to write a biography of Mr. Davies, neither to offer any remarks, critical or otherwise, on the literary productions of this wonderfully industrious gentleman, but merely to call the attention of ihe readers of Old Welsh Cmps to this great man of letters, who loved his nation so well, and who succeeded in enriching the literature of our country in such an especial manner. In Gwalter Mechain Wales has a son she might well boast of, and during a long career his assistance and counsel was sought by men of great renown in the literary world outside our borders, as his correspondence will show. Perhaps he was the best critic of Welsh poetry of any who have flourished in the present century ; he is reputed to have composed the most perfect englyn ever put together in the strictest metre of Welsh " Cynghanedd," and to a Welsh bard this is about the highest distinction mortal man aspires to, bardically. The Kev. W. Davies was born on the 15th July, 1761, in the parish of Llanfechain, in Montgomery. He entered the Oxford University in 1792, and took his 13. A. at All Saints in 1795, and his M.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1803. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Bagot, and licensed to the curacy of Meivod in 1795, and was ordained priest the following year. He served for a short time at Ysbytty Ifan, afterwards he was pre- sented with the vicarage of Llanwyddelen by Bishop Horsley. Again, he was elevated to the living of Manavon in the year 1807, and finally Bishop Carey gave him Llanrhaidr Mochnant in 1837, in possession of which he died. This vicarage was held two hundred and fifty years before him by the pious Dr. Morgan, who is so duly celebrated for his translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Welsh, whom Queen Elizabeth afterwards rewarded with the bishopric of Llandaff, from whence he was 373 translated to the See of St. Asaph. The Eev. W. Davies died December 5th, 1849, and was buried near an yew tree, planted under his own direction in the above churchyard. It is with much pleasure we are able to announce here that a good portion of the works of Gwalter Mechain have been collected and published in three handsome volumes, under the editorship of the Eev. D. S. Evans, B.D., Eector of Llany- mawddwy, which for their variety of subjects connected with the Principality, whose topography, history, and language they tend to illustrate, are about the best suited of any in the language for the Welsh student, and a better key to matters relating to Welsh History cannot well be met with. Wales must ever feel indebted to the reverend gentleman's daughter, for publishing at a great sacrifice, the works of her venerable father, which will ever be the best monument to his fame, and no doubt the surest means of perpetuating the remembrance of a worthy sire. The following is an imperfect summary of the various works of Gwalter Mechain in prose and poetry : — Translation into Welsh of a book called Eeform and Euin," adapting it to the understanding of Welshmen. 1798. Another book translated into Welsh of 258 pages, at the request of the Bishop of St. Asaph, with a long preface by the translator. 1801. " General Views of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of North Wales." Drawn up and published by Orders of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. London. 1810. " General Views of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales." London. 1814. Editing the works of Hugh Morys (Eos Ceiriog), with a biography of the Author, and a preface to the Eeader. Gwrecsam. 1823. Editing, in conjunction with loan Tegid, Vicar of Nefern, Pembrokeshire, " The Poetical Works of Lewys Glyn Cothi," a celebrated Bard who flourished in the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., Eichard III., and Henry VII. Oxford. 1887. 874 G. Mechain contributed largely to the following : — Yorke'a "Boyal Tribes," Carlisle's Topographical Dictionary of Wales," Owen and. Blakeway's "History of Shrewsbury," Lewis's *• Topographical Dictionary," Bingley's Tour," the Myfyrian Archaeology," the^'Greal," the Mabinogion," the "Cambrian Register," the " Cambro-Briton," and the " Cambrian Quarterly Magazine." He also was the editor of the *' Gwyliedydd," a monthly journal, which '* fought a good fight," from the year 1822 to 1837, a course of fifteen years, and, as might be expected, is indebted to him for the most valuable portions of its contents. The first volume of his lately pubhshed works contains his Welsh poetry, Sketches of Welsh Poets, and some Criticisms, the Welsh Psalms, by Archdeacon Pryse, etc. The Second Volume; — Welsh Prose; Essay, "Liberty" (this essay won the silver medal of the Gwynydigion Society at the St. Asaph Eisteddfod in 1790) ; Essay on "The Government and Institutions of Great Britain "; Essay on " Welsh Poetry " (this excellent treatise was first published in the Transactions of the Cymrodorion, Vol. XL, Part IV. London, 1843) ; Essay on " The letter H " ; " Garmon's Letters," from the " Gwyliedydd " on the history of the Welsh Translations of the Holy Bible into Welsh ; Books and Authors ; Biographies ; Eeviews, etc. The Third Volume : — A Statistical Account of the Parish of Llanymynech, in XII. Sections ; Parish of Llansilin, in County of Denbigh, in IX. Sections, and an Appendix ; Parish of Llan- wynog, Mont., in VI. Sections ; Parish of Meivod, in VI. Sections ; An Essay on the Distinct Character and Comparative Advantages of the Bardic Institutions of Carmarthen and Glamorgati, and On the Notices that remain of each, to which are prefixed some Introductory Remarks upon Alliteration ; Essay on the Influence of Climate upon National Manners and Character ; Knights of the Royal Oak, for the Counties of Wales, with Annotations ; Welsh Orthography, XXIV. letters to difi'erent gentlemen, on the same subject ; Addresses ; Historical Views of Eisteddfodau ; Essay on the Establishment and Propagation of Christianity 875 among the Cymry. Cultivation of the Welsh Language and Literature; Adjudications; Ancient Inscriptions; On the Signifi- cation of Names ; Letters, three in number to divers persons, &c. Dr. Carl Meyer communicated to the Times newspaper a very ** interesting and instructive Article on his friend the Rev. Walter ** Davies on his death." This is given at the end of the third volume of his published works, published at Caermarthen by Mr. W. Spurrell in 1868. Cadrawd." Llangynwyd, Bridgend. A NATIONAL CAMBRIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. A National Cambrian Bibliography. What a desiderata ! But what a thankless and unpaying job ! It simply spells a wasted life and bankruptcy I We are not over-exaggerating, indee4. Certainly we live in moving times, and Welshmen are more talked of and exercise the public mind to such an extent never dreamed of five and twenty years ago. We have now a plea put forth that certain Statutes and Acts of Parliament should be printed in Welsh for the special benefit of Wales. But then this would have to be done at the cost of Imperial funds ; otherwise, if Wales had to pay the piper, we should hear precious little of '* the demand." We think Welsh folk have not yet raised themselves to the highest pinnacle of patriotism. The national " currents are only surface-deep yet, and not one Welshman out of a hundred will be found ready to support out of his own purse the publication of a book say that will cost him ten shillings or a sovereign. We do not say that this particular magazine has any claim on the Welsh nation for what the Editor has written in its pages, but the numbers already published, we will go so far as to say, contain contributions to the literary history of Wales of considerable value. The choice 376 and sympathetic papers on Henry Vaughan, Silurist " ; the national papers on Lord Kenyon and Judge Jenkins ; the interest- ing sketch o'f James Howel, and the valuable list of his works, and the painstaking and thoroughly well done " Bibliography of Welsh County Histories," the latter series of articles by our friend, Mr. Henry Black well, of New York, are contributions by able "Welsh "nationalists" — in the truest and literary sense of the word — that will live. But Old Welsh Chips, the source through which these treasures have been made known, must die for want of a paltry amount of pecuniary support. The past history of the periodical press of Wales ! What heart-burnings does it not conjure up of wasted lives, emptied pockets, fruitless labours, — all to be laid at the shrine of national indifference ! Feeling thus, and expressing such discouraging views, how can we sympathise, or at least express our hope, that a gentleman who has done something towards raising the status of Welsh Bibliography will be successful hi launching and bring- ing to a successful issue what we can but inadequately term — A Great National Literary Project ! But there is a shimmer of hope in the background. Welsh Colonists, whether dwelling on the other side of the shores of the great Atlantic, or in the more sunny climes of " England in the South " (Australia), are true patriots. And it is to them that lovers and workers in the fields of Welsh literature must look for patronage and support. A Welshman from home will buy all and everything published relating to " The Land of my Fathers," and it is to the Welshmen of New York and America that the Editor of this magazine is indebted for subscribing for more than one-half of the whole issue of Old Welsh Chips published ! Therefore when we learn that our painstaking contributor, Mr. Henry Blackwell, of New York, contemplates doing some- thing "very big" in Welsh literary annals, in spite of the already-expressed indifference shown at home to Welsh literature, we think there is a gleam of hope that the broader-minded and more patriotic Welshmen of America and Australia will stand by 877 him, and that even he may live to see the day when his great idea will have taken practical shape, and that a generous public and twelve handsome volumes on " Welsh Bibliography," shall be his reward. The only attempt that has ever been made to classify and catalogue a list of Welsh works of every degree and kind is Rowlands' Llyfryddiaeth y Cymru, a scarce volume, and which only circulated amongst the few, and, moreover, has this great drawback : it really stops recording the history of Welsh books just when the Welsh began to publish books. Rowlands stops short at the year 1799. But, then, thousands of volumes and pamphlets have been issued in Wales and relating to Wales since the year 1800. There are the fruits and labours of ninety years to record and classify, so that we quite anticipate that to" do justice to the theme, Mr. Blackwell will require ten or twelve volumes similar in size and literary build to Rowlands' initial work. Surely there are 250 Welshmen and lovers of books in the wide, wide world who could each put down a ten-pound note to see the work through. A pound a volume would only just pay printing expenses, and we speak with some amount of practical experience. Of course the collecting and classifying of this vast amount of knowledge would have to be done as a labour of love. We understand that Mr. Blackwell has been collecting materials for his National Cambrian Bibliography for many years back, and we have his permission to give the readers of Old Welsh Chips a somewhat rough sketch of the plan of the work. It will be arranged alphabetically by authors' names ; the many editions of any one book will be fully recorded ; those authors who have written much will have their works chronologically arranged ; title pages will be faithfully recorded; brief sketches of aU authors, printers, and translators will be given, as well as notes on each work. The following is a short tabular statement of the scope of Mr. Blackwell's work : — 378 National Cambrian Bibliography. I. — To mention every book and pamphlet printed in the Wekh language. II. — Every work published in the English and" any other language having reference to Wales and the Welsh. III. —All newspapers published in the Welsh language ; also all newspapers published in Wales. IV. — All Welsh periodicals, as well as all the English -Cambro magazines, which will include all the publications of all the Welsh societies. V. — All issues of the press in Wales, whether relating to Wales or not, so long as they are printed in Wales. VI. — All articles that have appeared in periodicals having reference to Wales and the Welsh. VII. — Accounts of all works published on miscellaneous subjects by natives of Wales, as well as accounts of their childrens' writings, even if not native born. VIII. — All works on the Celts, Druids, and the early history of Ancient Britain. The work will be in English, title-pages will appear as printed, and will embrace all the above departments from the earliest times to date. The biographical and bibliographical notes will be crisp and to the point. Here, then, is a brief sketch of this National work. And it now rests with the lovers of Wales and her literature to emphasize in a practical manner the hope of the author to live to see his life's idea fulfilled in spirit and to the letter. Mr. Blackwell hopes that authors who have written works coming within his plan will write him, enclosing particulars, and publishers of Welsh boolvs are also requested, in issuing new works, to forward him copies of title-pages, particulars of authors, number of pages, etc. Mr. Blackwell's address will be found on the front cover of this magazine. The Editor. Works Published BY THE Author of ''Old Welsh Chips/^ THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY OF BRECKNOCKSHIRE. — One Large Quarto Volume of 500 Pages, well Illustrated, and liand- somely Bound... ... ... ... ... £1 5s. Or in Boards (uncut), 20s. HISTORY OF THE BRECKNOCKSHIRE CHARITIES 2s. 6d. POPULAR GUIDE TO BRECON (the Largest and Cheapest Guide ever issued) .. ... ... 3d. ADDRESS:— EDWLY POOLE, Editor and Puhlisher, Brecon, I