ZllHJi A STUDY OF HIGH SCHOOL OF THE TRAINING DEPARTMENT Colorado BULLETIN High School of the Training Department OF THE Colorado State Normal School A Study of Municipal Government “ L UBfaay . 0 - * fjfi BY ROYAL W. BULLOCK App 9 ? , Ph. B. '^>y OF r ^ u/vo Department of Secondary Education, and Principal of the Normal High School. November, 1910. Contents. Chapter. I. Introduction. PART I. ADMINISTRATION OF MUNICIPAL, AFFAIRS. II. City Ordinances. III. City Revenues. IV. Preservation of Health and Safety. Police department; Fire department; Helth Department. V. Public Utilities. Streets and alleys ; water supply ; sewerage and sanitation, light, heat, and power ; rapid transit. VI. Civic Improvement and Beautification. Public parks, boulevards, and playgrounds; libraries, museums, and public buildings; The City Beautiful. VII. Municipal Reforms. Municipal ownership or control; Government by Commission. PART II. EVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT. VIII. Origin of Government. IX. Purpose of Government. X. Function of Government. PART III. THEORY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. XI. Town Government in New England. XII. The Beginning of a City. XIII. Natural Divisions of Governmental Function. XIV. The Legislativ Department. XV. The Executiv Department. XVI. The Judicial Department. part rv. REFERENCES. A Dignified City Hall Promotes Local Patriotism. Even a Business Street May be Both Clean and Beautiful. An Attractive Council Chamber Stimulates Interest in Good Government. Side Lighting of Streets Is More Effective and Artistic Than Overhead Lighting Part I. Introduction. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. The stedy tide of population toward our cities gives increasing importance to local and municipal govern- ment. In our eastern states over half the population is found in cities, and in our country, as a whole, about forty percent of the people live in urban communities. When we consider the increast facilities for and interest in political affairs as found among city dwellers, it is easy to understand that our nation is practically governd by them. It follows that the city may be the great agency of political regeneration if the people so will. The smaller units of local government constitute the best po- litical laboratories where problems of effectiv adminis- tration are gradually being solvd. Systems of account- ing, of civil servis, of purchasing supplies, and of contract- ing with corporations for the furnishing of servis are more easily studied and more redily improvd in a munici- pality than in the cumbersome machinery of national gov- ernment. It is relativly easy to see examples of waste and mismanagement in the administration of our own civic business, and, having seen and remedied this, it is possible to work toward a more rational administration of national affairs. The chief political interest of each one of us is, and should be, in our local government. Pour fifths of our direct taxes, it is estimated, are spent by the local admin- 4 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, istration, and upon it we depend for a very large propor- tion of our daily conveniences. We are disposed to over- emphasize the restrictiv powers of government to the neglect of its beneficent contributions. Government is organized authority engaged in the administration of af- fairs. It is primarily concernd with our food, occupation, schooling, housing, amusements, charitable relief; with streets, water, lights, and transportation. Administrativ affairs such as these are multiplying rapidly and the form- ulation of policies for their management is the duty of an intelligent democracy. Good citizenship demands activ, intelligent servis. We serv only where we are interested; we are interested only in those things of which we have knowledge, and knowledge can be obtaind only by conscious attention to phenomena. To those who would be good citizens comes an imperativ call to study municipal government. MATERIAL FOR THE STUDY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Information on the subject of local government is not so difficult to obtain as many suppose. Copies should be had of the city charter and ordinances, of franchises, and of such reports as are printed for distribution. Many similar papers can be had from other cities for the ask- ing. A copy of the revised statutes of the state should be accessible for frequent consultation. A list of desira- ble books is given elsewhere in this pamphlet. As many of these as can be afforded should be placed in the public library of every city. Magazine articles are extremely useful and should be referd to as largely as facilities will permit. Many of the newer text-books on civics give GREELEY, COLORADO. 5 several chapters to municipal affairs and contain numer- ous study outlines, references, and helps. The pamphlets issued by the Board of Trade, Chamber of Commerce, or Commercial Club of nearly every city contain informa- tion which can be used for comparison with facts con- cerning the home city. Local officials are usually willing to address a class or school on the line of their own work if an outline of what is wanted is previously submitted to them. Finally, a live teacher is needed to organize and interpret the facts and to guide investigation. SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY. It is believed that the order of subjects suggested in the outline is pedagogically correct and such as will most interest students. One likes to find out how a machine works first of all; after that he may wish to know the history and theory of the thing. If, however, one pre- fers, parts two and three may be studied before part one. Whatever the order or method of study it is essential that motivs for right conduct should be establisht. A good citizen is one who not only knows conditions and is able to judge causes and results, but is also stirred to right action by a burning desire to serv society. This is the highest patriotism. TO WHOM IS THIS STUDY ADAPTED? The outlines and suggested studies presented here- with are those used and developt with classes of high school students for several years. This study is, how- ever, equally suitable for adults. Indeed it is highly im- portant that the present citizenship should acquire greater power and skill in government without waiting for the activity of a coming generation. It is believed that de- 6 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, bating societies, women’s clubs, church organizations, such as brotherhoods and adult classes, literary societies and similar organizations will find the study of local gov- ernment both interesting and profitable. Wherever a few people with a serious purpose can be gatherd there may be developt a helpful center for the spread of civic righteousness. THE CALL EOR PATRIOTIC SERVIS. American citizenship today makes larger demands upon the independence and initiativ of individuals than ever before. The political ills of the present are the re- sult of mal-adjustments incident to a growing and rapidly changing economic life. The complexity of our social life, the rapid evolution of industry with its attendant problems, and the increast comfort and happiness made possible by modern inventions all demand a readjustment of political institutions to meet present conditions. The highest possible social life is open to those who can co- operate intelligently to secure its blessings. The battles for liberty were not all fought in ’76 or ’61 on distant fields of carnage but are waging today in every field and hamlet where humanity toils to earn the right to live. Not civil liberty alone, but life itself for countless thous- ands is at stake in the political issues of today. So long as our statistics of infant mortality, child-workers, wo- men wage-earners, preventable contagion, social evil, and industrial slaughter in the cities tell their present tale, so long will the voices of these helpless ones call us to action. Life, liberty, and happiness for these, and higher living for all can be purchast at the expense of a certain amount of intelligent effort in the performance of the duties of citizenship. Will you pay the price? GREELEY, COLORADO. 7 Part I. Administration of Municipal Affairs. II. City Ordinances. a. Making ordinances. Drafting; publishing; passing. b. Scope of ordinances. Classes of subjects which may be legislated upon by a council. c. Restrictions upon legislativ power. By the state; by the courts; by the people. Exercises. Visit a council meeting when an ordinance of im- portance is being considerd. Talk with the city attorney concerning current city problems or pending legislation. Read the text of proposed ordinances as publisht in the papers. Questions. To what extent may ordinances deprive a citizen of his “personal liberty”? What control have the people over municipal legis- lation ? Is the present tendency toward greater or less con- trol of cities by the states? 8 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, III. City Revenues. a. Taxes. General levy; municipal, school, coun- ty, state. Special assessment for improvements; streets, sewer, sidewalk. Poll tax, or road tax. Amount, exemptions, etc. b. Licenses. Liquor, peddlers, teamsters, shows, other business. c. Fines. Amount of revenue ; how used. d. Fees. Purpose ; amount ; how used. e. Bonds. Definition ; kinds, limitation of amount. Exercises. Examin tax receipts, special assessment notises, an- nual report of treasurer, form of bonds, and other city “paper”. Consult the city treasurer concerning the relativ revenues from various sources. Examin carefully the “annual budget” of your city. Questions. To what extent is bonding a city “good business”? To what extent should improvements be paid for by general tax rather than by special assessment? Discuss the justice of licenses, high or low. Give arguments for or against a poll tax as con- trasted with a property tax. Good Fire Protection Is Good Business Economy. ^ City Park Is the Playground of All the People, GREELEY, COLORADO. 9 IV. Preservation of Health and Safety. POLICE DEPARTMENT. a. Organization. Chief, offisers, men. How appointed, salary, restrictions, qualifica- tions, tenure of offis. b. Duties. Preventiv. Regulating traffic, preventing fires, riots, mobs, noise, accidents, dangers. Correctiv. Arrest and punishment for offenses. Conditions for arrest. c. Police courts. Jurisdiction, methods, efficiency. d. Juvenil courts. Jurisdiction, methods, effi- ciency. Exercise. Talk with police offisers concerning their immediate problems. Questions. Are any of the ordinances of your town openly vio- lated ? Why ? What are the most desirable qualifications in a po- lice offiser? What suggestions could you make for improvement in police court procedure. Compare the efficiency of American police with that of European police offisers. IO STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, FIRE DEPARTMENT. a. Organization. Chief, offisers, men. Appoint- ment, tenure of offis, salary, qualifications, number of men, hours of servis. b. Equipment. Water system, fire plugs, engines, trucks, towers, boats, hook and ladder, chemicals. The alarm system. c. Preventiv regulations. Fire escapes, fire drills, theater regulations, bilding permits, fire district, ordinances gov- erning precautions. Exercise. Visit the fire station, inspect the apparatus, and talk with the fire chief concerning conditions in the city. Observe the conditions in public buildings as to safety in case of fire. Questions. What can citizens do by way of precautions ? What is the greatest need in your town in the matter of fire protection? What is the relation between protection from fire and the rate of fire insurance? Do we spend more money for preventing fires than for putting them out? Why is this true? Which pays better ? GREELEY, COLORADO. II helth department. a. Organization. Officials ; appointment ; qualifi- cations; salary. b. Scope of work. Preventiv. Quarantine of contagious disease. Inspection of water, milk products, meat, fruit, bakeries, markets, slaughter-houses. Civic clenliness. Yards, stables, cellars. Housing conditions. Relief work. Hospitals ; dispensaries. Exercises. Visit city hospitals, jails, and public buildings. Consult the helth offiser concerning local needs. Visit dairies and other establishments where food is prepared. Note the precautions taken for the prevention of infection of food exposed for sale. Questions. Define civic duty in respect to public helth. Discuss the right of the city to insist upon medical attendance being given where and when needed altho not askt for by the individual. Compare the importance of the helth department with that of other departments of city administration. Suggest ways of educating public sentiment on mat- ters of civic helth and sanitation. How can the school be most useful in promoting public helth? 12 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, V. Public Utilities. streets and alleys. a. Management. Street committee or commis- sioner. Duties, etc. b. System. Width, direction, uniformity, naming, alleys, crossings, sidewalk, curbing. c. Physical condition. Grade, surface, sprinkling, drainage, cleaning. d. Maintenance. General tax, special assessment, poll tax. Exercises. Observe the varying conditions of streets and alleys under various weather conditions at different times of the year. Consider the average condition of sidewalks as to grade, uniformity, clenliness and safety. Talk with the proper authorities about their plans for street improvement. Questions. Explain the direct and indirect value of good streets to a city. To whom do the streets belong? To whom do the sidewalks belong? What practicable improvements would you suggest for the streets of your city? To what extent should street improvement be made by special assessment rather than by general tax? A Beautiful Street Is a Joy Forever. It Pays a City to Furnish Free Drinks. GREELEY, COLORADO. 1 3 WATER SYSTEM. a. Management. Water committee or commis- sioner. Qualifications, term of offis, duties, etc. b. System. Sources of supply, reservoirs and storage tanks, pipe lines, capacity, purity, economy, pres- sure. c. Efficiency. Health, cleanliness, convenience, safety, civic beauty. Exercise. Inspect the various parts of the water system of your town. Questions. Discuss the commercial value to a city of an abund- ant supply of pure water. Explain the relativ advantages of a “meter system” or a “flat rate” system of charges for water consumption. In what ways do modern conditions of living make increast demands upon a city water system? Has your city an adequate water supply for the future ? 14 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, SEWERAGE AND SANITATION. a. Management. Board of sanitation or sub-com- mittee of some other Board. Membership, qualifications, salary, term of offis, powers and duties. Inspectors and inspection. b. Sewerage system. Physical features of city, map of sewers, dis- posal of sewage. c. Garbage. Management of system, separation of material, collection, disposal of garbage. d. Maintenance. General appropriation, special assessment, profits from management of the business. Bxercise. Inspect as much of the system as is feasible. Com- pare your city with others, noting advantages and disad- vantages of each. Look for “dumps” within the city limits. Notice the back yards and alleys. Questions. What is the most serious question in planning the sewerage system of a city? What advantages accrue from a modern scientific disposal of sewage and garbage. Explain the relation of this branch of public servis to helth, esthetics, economy, convenience, and morals. What can we, as individuals, do to promote the efficiency of the system in our town? GREELEY, COLORADO. 15 light and power. a. Management. Corporation. Franchise, contract, methods of business. Municipal. Board or committee, tenure of offis, salary, powers and duties, maintenance. b. System. Electricity. Source of power, extent of distri- bution, charges, possible uses. Gas. Method of production, distribution, charges. c. Advantages. To the public, to individuals, to industrial con- cerns. The degree of safety, convenience, economy af- forded. Bxercise. Visit the local light and power plant. Study the various uses of gas and electricity, especially those that are novel. Compare the light and power plants of your town with those of other cities as to rates and efficiency. Questions. Explain the economy of the best modern light and power servis to individuals, to the city, and to industries. Discuss the future possibilities of further application of electric light and power. Will the distribution of heat and hot water for dwellings be practicable in the near future? Discuss the probable effect of further consolidation of great light and power companies. i6 STATE NORM AT, SCHOOL, RAPID TRANSIT SERVIS. a. Management. Corporation. Terms of franchise, rates, servis renderd. Municipal. Ownership or control, rates, servis. b. System. Street cars, elevated lines, subways, interurban lines. c. Effect upon the city. Growth and distribution of population, exten- sion of boundaries, equalization of property values, improvement of living conditions. Exercise. Study the map of your city with reference to the adequacy of transportation facilities. Study the terms of the street car franchises of your city. Questions. What direct effects of street car servis can you ob- serve in your own city or neighboring ones ? Why is car fare usually five cents regardless of kind or amount of servis renderd? What provisions should a street car franchise con- tain for the protection of the citizens ? Along what lines will improvements probably be made in city transportation of the future? Should a corporation pay for a franchise to use the city streets? What are the features of “good” street car servis? Water Is a Symbol of Cleanliness. A Library Is Valuable Only When Used. GREELEY, COLORADO. l 7i VI. Civic Improvement and Beautification. PUBLIC PARKS, BOULEVARDS, AND PLAYGROUNDS. a. Management. Board or commissioner, powers and duties, maintenance. b. Location and distribution. . With reference to natural features, population, factories, schools. c. Equipment. Trees and flowers, seats, bildings, fountains, play apparatus. d. Privileges. Rest, recreation, amusement, games. e. Value. Commercial, esthetic, hygienic, moral. Exercise. Make a map of your city showing location of ex- isting parks, boulevards, and playgrounds. Make, in dif- ferent color, such additions as seem practicable and de- sirable to produce an adequate unified “system.” Questions. What are the chief purposes of parks and play- grounds ? Do most city park systems meet these purposes ? What improvements can you suggest in the man- agement of the parks of your city that they may serv their greatest usefulness? How can the natural features of your city be better utilized ? i8 state; normal school. LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, AND PUBLIC BILDINGS. a. Management. Board of control, employees, maintenance, methods of servis. b. Equipment. Amount, character, efficiency, needs for the future. c. Purpose. Utility, education, entertainment. Exercise. Visit such institutions as your city affords and study their exhibits, catalogs, and reports. Questions. What is the best system of maintenance for such in- stitutions ? How can the servis of these institutions be improvd without additional expense? How may the public be induced to make greater use of such facilities as they have? GREELEY, COLORADO. 19 THE CITY BEAUTIFUL. a. Management. Official; Art Commission or Board. Unofficial; Civic Improvement Association. Powers and duties, term of ofifis, maintenance. b. Attainment. Adoption and promotion of the artistic. Private and public architecture, statuary, and fountains, decorativ lighting, civic center. Abatement of the inartistic. Billboards, sidewalks, signs, smoke nuisance, rubbish. c. Value. Commercial, esthetic, hygienic, moral. Exercise. Make a list of the most artistic features of your city and of its most inartistic nuisances. Make a collection of pictures illustrating the artistic and the inartistic. Questions. How largely may an art commission interfere with an individual citizen’s “rights”? What societies or influences are working for artistic improvement in your town? What forces are producing the most inartistic re- sults ? Explain fully and definitly the value of civic beauty. 20 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, VII. Municipal Reforms. MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP OR CONTROL. a. Utilities usually ownd by municipalities. Sewer system, water system. b. Utilities frequently ownd by municipalities. Lighting plants, garbage plants, markets. c. Utilities occasionally ownd by municipalities. Tramways, cemeteries, bath houses, wash houses, theaters, slaughter-houses, bakeries, milk stations, pawn shops, crematories, tene- ments, lodging houses, truck farms, etc. Advantages claimd for municipal ownership. Cheap servis due to absence of large profits. Good servis the ideal rather than large divi- dends. Satisfaction due to consciousness of social co- operation. Advantages claimd for non-municipal corpora- tion ownership. Economy due to absence of political waste- fulness. Good servis due to employment of experts only. Satisfaction guaranteed because of business competition. Municipal ownership is a question of degree or ex- tent. Shall the municipality own such utilities only as are necessities, or include common conveniences, or in- clude any business that can be successfully conducted? Shall the municipality own all utilities that are in the nature of monopolies and avoid those that are subject to free competition? Should the city operate all utilities GREELEY, COLORADO. 21 that are essential to public health and safety or only such as do not attract private capital ? Exercise. Public debate. Question : Resolved that the city of should own and operate its own system. THE COMMISSION PLAN OF CITY GOVERNMENT. ! a. History of the plan. b. Problems in the present situation. c. Advantages claimd for the “Commission Plan.” Closer merging of legislativ and executiv de- partments. Definit placing of responsibility. Elimination of party politics. Selection of experts for special servis. Direct responsibility of commissioners to the people. d. Disadvantages urged against the “Commission Plan.” It is more expensiv in small cities. It places a dangerous amount of power in the hands of a few. It almost abolishes representativ legislation. A small body is more subject to improper in- fluence than is a larger body. Human nature is not changed by any “new scheme.” 22 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Exercise. Debate. Question : Resolved that the city of should adopt a new charter provid- ing for government under the commission plan. Questions. What is the trouble with American city government ? Where is the source of all improvement in a de- mocracy ? The statement is made that the affairs of a city are chiefly business, not government. To what extent is this true? What political “reform measures” have usually been adopted by cities that have recently made new charters? What states permit cities to make their own charters ? What limitations does your state place upon the ac- tivities of its cities in charter making ? GREELEY, COLORADO. 23 Part II. Evolution of Government. VIII. Origin of Government. a. Growth of society. b. Animal society. Contact, repulsion, toleration, sympathy, appreciation, congregation. c. Primitiv human society. Development of respect for life and property. Need of organized authority and control. Advantages possible by cooperation. d. Evolution of social and political units. Family, clan, tribe, state, city, county, town- ship, district. e. Theories of the origin of authority. Original lawgiver, divine right, contract, force, wisdom, kinship, consent of the governd. ~f. Leading forms of organized government. Monarchy, aristocracy, democracy (pure and representativ). IX. Purpose of Government. a. Protectiv. To restrain wrong-minded persons from interfering with personal or property rights. b. Cooperativ. To secure conveniences and ad- vantages by united effort that could not be 24 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, otherwise obtained; e. g., roads, schools^ water, lights, parks. X. Function of Government. a. To determine policies. (Political parties.) b. To administer business affairs. (Executiv de- partments.) GREELEY, COLORADO. 25 Part III. Theory of Municipal Government. XI. Town Government in New England. a. Origin and history of this form of government b. Function of early town governments. (Com- pare with business of a modern city.) c. Evolution of representativ democracy from pure democracy. XII. The Beginning of a City. a. Conditions determining location and subsequent growth. b. Early need of governmental regulation. c. Organization. Incorporation, charter, plotting, land titles. d. Classification of cities by state legislation. XIII. Natural Divisions of Governmental Function. a. Definition of legislativ, executiv, judicial depart- ments. b. The separation and the interrelation of these departments. XIV. The Legislativ Department. a. Various forms of city council. (Common coun- cil, Board of aldermen, Selectmen, Trustees, Commissioners, etc.) 26 STATE NORMAE SCHOOL, b. Bicameral and unicameral councils. c. Membership in a council. Number, election, qualifications, term of offis, salary, powers and duties. d. Legislativ and administrate duties of council- men compared. XV. The Executiv Department. a. The Mayor. Election, qualifications, term of offis, salary, powers and duties. b. Appointiv offisers. (Considered under admin- istration of departments.) XVI. The Judicial Department. a. Police courts. (Treated under police system.) b. Juvenil courts. (A county court serving the city. Considerd under the police system.)' GREELEY, COLORADO. 27 Part IV. A -List of Some of the Most Desirable Books on Munic- ipal Government for a Small School Library. Allen, William H. : Civics and Health; (1909) Ginn & Co., $1.25 Conkling, A. R. : City Government in the U. S. (1895), D. Appleton & Co., N. Y 1.50 Ely, R. T. : The Coming City; (1902), T. Y. Crowell & Co 60 Goodnow, Frank J. : City Government in the U. S. (1904), The Century Co., N. Y 1.25 Goodnow, Frank J. : Municipal Government (1909), The Century Co., N. Y 3.00 Deming, H. E. : Government of American Cities (1909) I - 5 ° Wilcox, Delos F. : The American City (1904) Macmillan Co., N. Y 1.25 $10.35 GENERAL REFERENCES ON MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. Addams, Jane: The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, (1909), Macmillan Co $1.25 Baker : Municipal Engineering and Sanitation, Macmillan Co r-25 28 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Barnett, T. D. : Toward Social Reform; Macmil- lan Co 1.50 Bemis, E. W. : Municipal Monopolies ; T. Y. Cro- well Co 2.00 Bliss, W. D. P. : Encyclopedia of Social Reform ; Funk Wagnalls Co 7.50 Bryce, James: Hindrances to Good Citizenship; Yale University Press 1.25 Chapin, C. W. : Municipal Sanitation in the U. S. ; Snow Co 5.00 Clow, F. R. : Comparativ Study of City Finance in the U. S. ; Macmillan Co., (1901) 1.00 Devlin, R. I.: Municipal Reform; Putnam Co. . . 1.00 Dolman, F. : Municipalities at Work; Scribners.. 1.00 Eaton, Dorman B. : The Government of Municipal- ities, (1899); Macmillan Co 4.00 Fairlee, J. A. : Municipal Administration, (1901) ; Macmillan Co 3.00 Francisco, M. J. : Business of Municipal and Pri- vate Corporations Compared; M. J. Francisco & Sons 1. 00 Goodnow, Frank J. : Municipal Home Rule, (1895); Macmillan Co 1.50 Goodnow, Frank J. : Municipal Problems, (1909) Macmillan Co 1.50 Goodnow, Frank J. : Municipal Government, (1900) ; Century Co 3.00 Goodhue, W. F. : Municipal Improvements, (1900); Wiley 1.25 George, W. R. : The Junior Republic, (1902); Appleton & Co 1.50 GREELEY, COLORADO. 29 Hodder, Alfred: The Fight for the City, (1903) ; Macmillan Co 1.50 Howe, Frederic C. : The City the Hope of De- mocracy, (1905); Scribner 1.50 Howe, Frederic C. : The British City, (1907); Scribners 1.50 Kirk, William: A Modern City, (1909); Univer- sity of Chicago Press 2.50 Lincoln, J. T. : The City of the Dinner Pail, (1909); Houghton, Mifflin Co 1.25 Lloyd, Henry D. : Men the Workers, (1905); Doubleday, Page & Co 1.50 Merriam, C. E. : Primary Elections, (1906) ; Uni- versity of Chicago Press 1.25 National Municipal League Proceedings : Eighth Annual Report, Ninth Annual Report, each 1.00 National Municipal League, 1112 Guard Bldg., Philadelphia 2.00 Peabody, Francis G. : The Approach to the Social Question, (1909) ; Macmillan Co 1.35 Porter, R. P. : Dangers of Municipal Ownership, (1907); Century Co 1.80 Robbins, Clyde : Commission Plan of Municipal Government, (1909) ; H. W. Wilson Co., Min- neapolis, Minn 1.00 Robinson, Charles M. : The Improvement of Towns and Cities, (1901) ; Putnam & Son .• • • • 125 Robinson, C. M. : Modern Civic Art, (1905); Putnam Co 3.00 Rollins, P. : School Administration and Municipal Government, (1902) ; Macmillan Co 75 30 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Shaw, Albert: Municipal Government in Contin- ental Europe, (1897) ; Century Co 2.00 Steffens, Lincoln: City Life and Progress; American Academy of Political and Social Science 1.25 Steffens, Lincoln: Shame of the Cities, (1904); McClure’s 1.20 Whinnery, S. : Municipal Public Works, (1903); Macmillan Co 1.50 Wilcox, D. F. : The American City, A Problem in Democracy, (1904) ; Macmillan Co 1.25 Wilcox, D. F. : Study of City Government, (1904) ; Den. Ptg. Co 3.00 Wilcox, D. F. : Government of Great American Cities, (1909); Macmillan Co 1.50 Woodruff, C. R. : The Church at Work Socially; The Survey, Chicago 10 Zueblin, Charles : A Decade of Civic Development ; University of Chicago Press 1.25 SOME MAGAZINES OF MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. The Twentieth Century Magazine; B. O. Flower, Boston $2.00 (Successor to The Arena) devoted to Munici- pal affairs, to co-operation, conservation and progress. The Survey — Social, Charitable and Civic. Weekly with larger issue each month 2.00 The American City — Monthly, The Am. City Pub. Co., N. Y 1. 00 GREELEY, COLORADO. 3 1 American Journal of Sociology — Bi-monthly; Uni- versity of Chicago Press 2.00 Municipal Journal and Engineer — Municipal Journal Pub. Co., 253 Broadway, N. Y 2.00 Bulletins of The League of American Munici- palities, Des Moines, Iowa. Municipal Facts — Illustrated monthly, of Denver. Free distribution. Address — Compiler of Mun. Facts, Denver, Colo. $9.00 State Normal School of Colorado The Summer Term opens June 20, 1911 1. The session continues six weeks. 2. The same courses are offerd in this term that are offerd in the fall, winter or spring terms. 3 . From one to five credits may be earned to- ward graduation. The diploma is a life license to to teach in Colorado; and is good in other states. 4. A special course of lectures will be given by practically the same group of men who gave the course last summer. 5. A special course for principals and teachers of high schools will be given. 7. Only eleven out of its thirty courses necessary for graduation are required. All required courses are courses in education. For further particulars address THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Tl?r 1 * If The Greeley Republican Print