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A 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 
 
 PRINTING 
 
 VOLUME II. 
 
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 BIBLIOGRAPHY.., 
 
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 PRINTING 
 
 WITH 
 
 NOTES & ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 COMPILED. BY 
 
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 N the full exposition of the scope 
 and plan of the “ Bibliography 
 of Printing ” which the compilers 
 prefixed to the first volume, they 
 ventured to say that had they 
 “realised at the outset half that 
 their task might demand of them, 
 they would never have had the 
 courage to attempt it.” The 
 
 progress of the work, increasing as it went on, was so 
 largely helped by the cordial and ample co-operation 
 of the many friends who have so generously assisted 
 them, that they have, indeed, felt their courage “ mount 
 with occasion.” So much material has accumulated on 
 their hands, that a point has been reached whereat it is 
 necessary to make what was originally proposed to form 
 two volumes into three ; it is hoped and believed that 
 the importance of the subject will excuse this enforced 
 variation from the original proposal. 
 
 The work, indeed, has grown in interest as well as in 
 importance as it has progressed, and with the alternative 
 before them, either of abridging the articles under the 
 late letters of the alphabet, thus disregarding the relative 
 proportions of the plan of the work, or of issuing another 
 
 
 131925 
 
VI 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTING. 
 
 volume, the decision arrived at cannot fail to be ap- 
 proved by all who desire to see such a prolonged, 
 laborious, and useful enterprise as the compilation of a 
 Bibliography of Printing carried out in its integrity. Ac- 
 cordingly, the present volume brings up the matter to the 
 end of S. The remaining letters will run into a Third 
 Volume, which may be had by all subscribers to the 
 first two volumes at a proportionate rate of subscription. 
 
 The range of subjects included has not been modified, 
 in the way of either expansion or contraction. The kind 
 and valued collaboration of Mr. William Blades; Mr. 
 Theodor Goebel, of Stuttgart; Mr. John H. Hessels, 
 of Cambridge ; Mr. Louis Mohr, of Strasbourg ; and 
 Mr. Theo. L. de Vinne, of New York, has been con- 
 tinued. Mr. John Southward, whose services generally 
 were referred to in the previous Preface, has revised and 
 collated the various proof-sheets, besides writing several 
 of the more important annotations. The lamented death 
 of Mr. F. Muller, of Amsterdam, requires mention here; 
 and the fact that the valuable assistance accorded by 
 that eminent bibliophile has been continued by the 
 gentleman who succeeds to the firm of F. Muller & Co. 
 
 Attention may properly be here called to the very large 
 mass of information of a personal nature which now 
 sees the light for the first time. The memoirs of in- 
 dividuals and of printing firms have, in all cases where 
 possible, been submitted to and corrected by the person 
 most competent to perform the task in an authoritative 
 manner, and hence, while it is believed that purely 
 egotistical matter has been excluded, the quantity of 
 material thus got together for the History of Printing and 
 Printers is invaluable to the future historian. 
 
 Reference must also be made to the serious illness of 
 Mr. Charles Wyman. Added to the anxieties involved in 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTING. vii 
 
 the practical management of a large printing establishment, 
 and the labour inseparable from the editorial conduct of the 
 Printing Times and Lithographer , the vast amount of toil 
 attending the execution of the task he had set himself in 
 bringing out this Bibliography proved too great a strain, 
 Mr. Wyman’s health completely broke down in the early 
 part of 1883, and has not yet been restored. It is 
 hoped, however, that a further period of rest may enable 
 him to resume his part in a work which he had so much at 
 heart, and on which he laboured with such zeal and 
 devotion. 
 
 74-76, Great Queen Street, London, 
 January , 1884. 
 

 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASLIEB (W.). Peter Schofl^uiyl die 
 Erfindung der B uk fu tick g r k u n s t J Elip 
 Kulturbild. Neu-Ruppm -J i& 6 $. 8vo. 
 pp. 1 88, and four coloured plates. 
 
 McCorquodale & Co.’s Specimens of 
 Book Work. London : 1849. 4to. 
 
 Messrs. McCorquodale & Co. are extensive 
 printers at Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire ; 
 Leeds; “The Armoury,” Southwark, London; 
 and in other towns. Of late years they have 
 made a speciality of railway printing. In March, 
 1880, just prior to the general election, when 
 Colonel McCorquodale aspired to Parliamentary 
 honours, the concern was converted into a com- 
 
 pany, and it is now styled “ McCorquodale & Co., Limited.” 
 
 McCreery (John). The Press, a Poem. Published as a Specimen of 
 Typography. Part I. Liverpool : 1803. Large 4to. 6 leaves of 
 prefatory matter, 29 pages of poetry, and 20 pages of notes. 
 
 The Press, a Poem. Part II. London : 1827. Laige 4to. 
 
 5 leaves of prefatory matter, and 80 pages of poetry, &c. 
 
 The Press, a Poem, in two parts ; with other Pieces. Second 
 
 edition. London : 1828. 8vo. 17 pages of prefatory matter ; 
 1 74 pages of poetry, notes, &c. 
 
 An admirable poem, very elegantly 
 printed, and creditable alike to the men- 
 tal and technical abilities of the author. 
 The first part of the first edition bears the 
 imprint; “Liverpool: Printed by J. 
 McCreery, Houghton Street ; and sold 
 by Cadell & Davies, Strand, London ; ” 
 while the second bears the words : 
 “London: Printed by J. McCreery; 
 published by T. Cadell, in the Strand, 
 and W. Simpkin & R. Marshall, Sta- 
 tioners’ HaH Court.” The dedication 
 of the first part runs: — “To William 
 Roscoe, Esq., the following work, the 
 production of a Press which he has been 
 instrumental in establishing, is inscribed, 
 VOI. II. 
 
 as a testimony of gratitude and respect, 
 by his faithful friend, the Author.” 
 
 In the preface Mr. McCreery states 
 that for some time he had felt convinced 
 that it was in the power of printers to 
 produce a degree of excellence greater 
 than had ever been attained, at least so 
 far as his own observation had extended. 
 He was afterwards, however, surprised 
 to find that excellence already attained 
 in some of the early specimens of the 
 typography of Bulmer and Bensley. 
 “An unexpected event ” started him in 
 the race of improvement, but he soon 
 experienced the difficulty of carrying out 
 his project, owing to his location at 
 B 
 
2 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Liverpool. He then refers in warm 
 terms to the impulse given to the pro- 
 gress of type-founding by Baskerville. 
 Mr. Martin, whose abilities were so con- 
 spicuously displayed in the productions 
 of the Shakespeare Press, was a pupil of 
 Baskerville’s school, and by the liberality 
 of George Nicol, Esq., he (the author) 
 was enabled to boast of being the first 
 who had participated with Mr. Bulmer 
 in the use of those types. Reference is 
 also made to the ‘ ‘ perfection ” to which 
 wood-engraving had been carried, Messrs. 
 Thomas & John Bewick having been 
 chiefly instrumental in bringing about 
 this consummation. One of their pupils, 
 Mr. Henry Hole, executed the ornaments 
 with ^vhjch the book is , embellished, 
 while an artist of t\»e greatest emi- 
 nence — Mri John Thurston — was en- 
 gaged' to draw the designs. Allusion 
 is further made to the ink, to obtain 
 which Mr. McCreery states that he had 
 recourse to experiments, many of which 
 were of an expensive and troublesome 
 nature. His object was to produce an 
 ink of “richness and warmth of colour- 
 ing” in place of the “deep and glaring 
 black, which displeases, whilst it fatigues 
 and injures the eye.” 
 
 The poem itself is said to be “ the pro- 
 duction of those hours that I have been 
 able to snatch from avocations of a more 
 important nature to myself and family,” 
 and it “is not exhibited as the offspring 
 of academic study or uninterrupted lei- 
 sure, but is chiefly intended for that pur- 
 pose which the title-page has already 
 sufficiently expressed.” The piece has 
 been frequently reprinted, but we quote 
 the opening lines — an apostrophe to “The 
 Press” — to show the style of the versi- 
 fication : — 
 
 “ Sire of our art, whose genius first 
 design’d 
 
 This great memorial of a daring mind, 
 And taught the lever with unceasing play 
 To stop the waste of time’s destructive 
 sway, 
 
 The verse — O great progenitor ! be 
 thine, 
 
 Late, but sincere, where all thy worth 
 shall shine ; 
 
 What Printer ever since thy distant days, 
 Hath touch’d the strings responsive to 
 thy praise ? 
 
 With trembling hand the boon let me 
 bestow, 
 
 Hear then, ye nations, what to him ye 
 owe.” 
 
 At the end of the first part are 18 
 pages of notes, explanatory and histori- 
 cal, with quotations from Palmer’s “His- 
 tory of Printing,” Luckombe’s “ History,” 
 
 &c. As a tail-piece is given “a perspec- 
 tive view of the press at which this work 
 was printed.” It is a wooden two-pull 
 press, and the excellence of the impres- 
 sion throughout the book shows the 
 capabilities of that since somewhat de- 
 spised appliance. 
 
 The second part is thus dedicated : — 
 “To William Roscoe, Esq., this further 
 effort to record the powers of the Press 
 is inscribed with feelings of undiminished 
 attachment and regard, by his old friend 
 the Author.” In the preface Mr. 
 McCreery stated that the preceding 
 part was never regarded by him in any 
 other point of view than as an endeavour 
 to exhibit a specimen of the improved 
 state of the art in the town in which it 
 was produced. He subsequently con- 
 ceived that “a further development of 
 the noble attributes of this discovery 
 [printing] might be acceptable to the 
 public.” Hence, in the present part he 
 exhibits “ the practice of the art in the 
 present day.” He goes on to say that 
 within a few years an almost entire re- 
 volution had taken place in the art, 
 which was becoming merely a trade. 
 “ One species of competition is fast 
 hurrying it on to degradation — the com- 
 petition in cheapness, or the discovery of 
 a method of being able to labour without 
 remuneration.” The second part is not 
 as satisfactory as the first, and bears 
 evidence in places of the influence of a 
 moroseness of temper which had to some 
 extent overcome the author. There are 
 many references to merely ephemeral 
 or now forgotten events, as well as 
 allusions of a purely political character. 
 Roscoe, who is spoken of throughout in 
 the warmest terms, was a Liverpool mer- 
 chant and a man of high culture, whose 
 ‘ ‘ Lives of the Medici ” has become a 
 standard work. Rathbone, Currie, 
 Rushton, and Mallet were Liverpool no- 
 tabilities, probably patrons of McCreery. 
 Twenty pages at the end are occupied 
 by “ Miscellaneous Pieces,” such as 
 Lines to an Infant Daughter, to his 
 friend Edward Rushton, to his wife, and 
 an ode on the death of the Princess 
 Charlotte, &c., all displaying marked 
 poetic ability, as well as much delicacy 
 of feeling and elegance of expression. 
 There is a neat tail-piece, with the motto 
 Nec tempore ullo, in a wreath surround- 
 ing the author’s monogram. The en- 
 graving bears the name “ W. Hughes.” 
 
 John McCreery, of whom, we are 
 sorry to say, very slight biographical 
 particulars have been preserved, was 
 a native of Ireland. His Liverpool 
 printing-office was in Houghton Street, 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3 
 
 and between the publication of the two to have suffered pecuniarily on the sub- 
 parts he had removed to London. He sidence of the bibliomania, as also did 
 was entrusted by some of the leading several other notable printers. He died 
 publishers, such as Alderman Cadell, in 1832. Hansard (“ Typographia,” p. 
 with the production of some of the most 284) makes various favourable references 
 important works of the time, and all his to McCreery’s poem, and indeed reprints 
 books are highly commendable for their it entire, 
 typographical execution. He is believed 
 
 Machris (Charles). The Printer’s Book of Designs. Containing 
 various and sundry Designs, executed with Brass Rule. Detroit 
 (Mich.) : 1877. 8vo. pp. 52. 
 
 This little book gives a great many original designs useful to the jobbing printer, 
 either for copying or creating new ideas. 
 
 Macintosh (Charles A.). Popular Outlines of the Press, Ancient 
 and Modern ; or, a Brief Sketch of the Origin and Progress of 
 Printing, and its Introduction into this Country. With a Notice 
 • of the Newspaper Press. London : 1858. i6mo. pp. xii. 224. 
 
 In the preface it is stated that the 
 principal object sought to be attained is 
 to furnish an insight into the origin and 
 progress of letterpress printing. Al- 
 though, as the author admits, he can 
 adduce little that is novel respecting the 
 historical and practical details of print- 
 ing, the subject has been rendered inte- 
 resting to the general reader by the 
 introduction of miscellaneous and anec- 
 dotal matter. 
 
 The author of this work is a London 
 master printer, and is the son of the late 
 Mr. A. Macintosh, printer, of Great New 
 Street, Fetter Lane, who died at his 
 residence, Duncan Terrace, Islington, 
 
 19th May, 1865, in his 78th year. Mr. 
 Macintosh, sen., was during his earlier 
 years employed in the University Print- 
 ing Press at Cambridge, where he was 
 brought into contact with the celebrated 
 Rev. Charles Simeon, through whom, on 
 his coming to London, he was recom- 
 mended to the Jews’ Society as one of 
 the few compositors qualified to read 
 Hebrew characters, and to print or cor- 
 rect Hebrew quotations. It was to this 
 society that he attributed his rise in life. 
 He lived to superintend a large estab- 
 lishment, and left behind him the 
 memory of an honest, genial, and worthy 
 man. 
 
 MacKellar (Thomas). The American Printer : a Manual of 
 
 Typography, containing Complete Instructions for Beginners, as 
 well as Practical Directions for Managing every Department of a 
 Printing-Office. With several Useful Tables, Schemes for Im- 
 posing Forms in every variety, Hints to Authors, &c. Phila- 
 delphia : 1866. i6mo. Ninth edition, Philadelphia : 1874. 
 
 i6mo. pp. 336. Twelfth edition : 1879. pp. 381. 
 
 Partly original and partly compiled 
 from many sources, this is a very good 
 practical treatise. 
 
 Thomas MacKellar, born in 1812, 
 in the city cf New York, is the senior 
 member of the firm of MacKellar, Smiths 
 & Jordan, type-founders, of Philadelphia. 
 He served his apprenticeship to the 
 printing-house of the Harpers Brothers, 
 of New York, for whom he subsequently 
 acted for some time as reader, but in 1833 
 he removed to Philadelphia, where he be- 
 came foreman of the Johnson Stereotype 
 Foundry, and subsequently, in 1845, a 
 member of the firm of L. Johnson & Co., 
 the predecessors of the present firm. Mr. 
 MacKellar’s father was a Scotchman, and 
 
 his maternal grandfather an Englishman. 
 Mr. MacKellar informs us that, owing 
 to partial disability of eyesight, an Eng- 
 lish friend now acts as his amanuensis. 
 
 Mr. MacKellar has issued several small 
 volumes of poems. In 1858 he published 
 “ Lines for the Gentle and Loving,” 
 which has an exquisitely engraved title- 
 page. In 1873 he published “ Rhymes 
 at ween Times,” in which are comprised 
 pieces from his early books and poems 
 of recent composition. His muse is 
 essentially homely, but some of his 
 poems have had a wide popularity in 
 the United States. Alaric A. Watts’s 
 poem beginning “ Pick and click, go the 
 types in the stick ” has been incorrectly 
 
4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 attributed to Mr. MacKellar in several 
 standard works, but he distinctly dis- 
 claimed the authorship in a commu- 
 nication to The Printing Times in 
 1875. It has been claimed for him 
 that he was the first to issue a typogra- 
 
 phical journal — the Typographic Adver- 
 tiser, begun in 1855 — but, as will be seen 
 on reference to our list of periodical 
 publications, the claim is good only as 
 regards America. 
 
 MacKellar, Smiths, & Jordan. The Printers’ Handy Book of 
 Specimens, exhibiting the Choicest Productions of every de- 
 scription made at the Johnson Type-Foundry ; comprising every 
 article essential for a Book, Newspaper, or Job Printing-Office. 
 Philadelphia: 1871. Small 4to. 
 
 This is a revised and condensed edi- favour, and an edition of 2,000 copies was 
 tion of the volume issued by Lawrence speedily exhausted. This led to the 
 Johnson & Co. in 1871 ( see Johnson preparation of the following volume : — 
 (Lawrence) & Co.). It met with great 
 
 The Oldest Type-Foundry in America. Established 1796. 
 
 Eleventh Book of Specimens of Printing Types and every 
 Requisite for Typographical Uses and Adornment. Philadelphia: 
 1878. Large 4to. 
 
 The title-page was embellished with a 
 fac simile of the vignette which appeared 
 in Binny & Ronaldson’s first specimen 
 books. This is a superb volume : and 
 among a multitude of other things it 
 
 Twelfth Specimen Book. 
 
 ments, and all things needful 
 Offices, made by MacKellar, 
 Philadelphia: 1878. 8vo.. 
 
 Under the heading of Johnson (Law- 
 rence) & Co., it has been described how 
 in 1845 Mr. Johnson, successor of Binny 
 & Ronaldson, associated with himself 
 Thomas MacKellar, John F. and Richard 
 Smith, and the firm became L. Johnson 
 & Co. Mr. Johnson died in i860, and 
 Mr. Peter A. Jordan being added to the 
 partnership, the title of the firm was 
 
 contains specimens of the numerous 
 styles originated and patented by this 
 type-foundry. Experience having demon- 
 strated the necessity for a smaller volume, 
 the following was issued : — 
 
 Printing Types, Borders, Orna- 
 for Newspaper and Job Printing- 
 Smiths, & Jordan, Type-Founders, 
 
 altered to MacKellar, Smiths, & Jordan, 
 which is still retained. 
 
 This foundry is one of the most emi- 
 nent in America. It possesses a staff 
 of the most talented artists in designing 
 and type-cutting, and issues from time 
 to time beautiful and original specimens 
 of the type-founding art. 
 
 — Specimens of Original Printing Types, Borders, and Orna- 
 ments, cast by the Patentees, Messrs. MacKellar, Smiths, & 
 Jordan, Letter - founders, Philadelphia. Philadelphia: 1880. 
 
 Svo. pp. 68. 
 
 A characteristic sample of American 
 typography. The various lines to show 
 the types are of a humorous character. 
 
 All the Specimen Books issued by this 
 type-foundry since the year 1845 were 
 got out under the editorship and super- 
 vision of Mr. MacKellar. The entire 
 
 matter, excepting that of .the plain faces, 
 is original, and the wording (when not 
 of a grotesque, humorous, or satirical 
 character) is cunningly acapted to de- 
 scribe the style of the type in which the 
 lines are set. 
 
 Mackie (Alexander), LL.D. Italy and France : An Editor’s Holi- 
 day. London : 1874. 8vo. pp. xvi. 416. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Mackie, upon whom 
 an American university conferred the 
 degree of LL.D. for literary and me- 
 chanical services, is a native of Dundee, 
 born in 1825. He is the proprietor of the 
 
 Warrington Guardian, Lords and Com- 
 mons, and other newspapers, and the 
 inventor of the “ Steam-driven Composing 
 Machine.” The above book is set up by 
 this machinery, which is said to be per- 
 
5 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 fectly automatic. The author gives an 
 account of several foreign printing- 
 offices, such as the “Propaganda” at 
 Rome; and the Imprimerie Nationale, 
 M. Chaix’s, the Moniteur ; the Journal 
 Officiel, and other noted establishments 
 in Paris. Dr. Mackie has established a 
 Drge printing-office at Crewe, in Cheshire, 
 with a view to the employment of female 
 labour in connection with his composing- 
 machines, each of which sets two-thirds 
 
 of a Times column per hour automati- 
 cally, guided by a band of perforated 
 paper, previously prepared. Dr. Mackie, 
 curiously enough for an editor, has de- 
 livered 130 lectures to the working men 
 of Warrington, of which two volumes have 
 been published. He is also the author of 
 “The Proverbs of Jesus,” &c. He un- 
 successfully contested Perth in the Con- 
 servative interest in 1878. 
 
 Macklot (C.). Schriftproben der Hof-Buchdruckerei. Karlsruhe : 
 1840. 8vo. — See also Duprat. 
 
 McNeile (Rev. Hugh, D.D. ). A Lecture on the Life of Dr. Franklin, 
 as delivered at the Liverpool Royal Amphitheatre on Wednesday 
 evening, 17th November, 1841. With the addition of a prefatory 
 Note to the Reader, by John B. Murray, Esq., of New York. 
 London : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 46 pages, with fac-simile of a Letter written by Franklin, and a woodcut of the 
 press exhibited at the Lecture as that at which he worked when in London. 
 
 A Lecture on the Life of Dr. Franklin, as delivered at 
 
 the Liverpool Royal Amphitheatre on Wednesday evening, 
 17th November, 1841. Containing also a Prefatory Note to 
 the Reader by John B. Murray, Esq., of New York. With a 
 Fac-simile of Dr. Franklin’s Letter to the Reverend George 
 Whitefield, from the Original Manuscript in the possession of the 
 Rev. Dr. Raffles. Also illustrated with an Engraving of the Press 
 at which Franklin worked when a Journeyman in London, printed 
 on a detached page at that identical Press. London : 1842. 
 (Second edition.) Demy 8vo. pp. 48. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin has been de- side of Wild Court, Drury Lane, and 
 scribed by some writers to have worked occupied the site of the premises now in 
 at Messrs. Wyman’s printing-office, the occupation of Mr. Newman, coach- 
 Nos. 74-75, Great Queen Street, W.C., painter, as we have taken much pains to 
 as a journeyman printer. This is an discover by searching the rate-books, 
 error, Franklin having been employed and by other evidence . — See Franklin. 
 at Mr. Watts’s, which was on the south 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Lettres d’un Bibliographe. Paris: 1868. 
 Royal 8 vo. pp. x. 53. 
 
 The writings of M. J. P. A. Madden, 
 of* Versailles, are amongst the most in- 
 teresting of recent co'ntributions to the 
 history of typography. The author is 
 not a printer, but a retired professor, of 
 the University of France, possessed of 
 a large and valuable library, which 
 includes several hundred of the incu- 
 nabula, and is rich in the literature of 
 printing. His other writings belong to 
 the domains of natural, philological, and 
 geographical investigation, — ground that 
 is foreign apparently to the subjects 
 comprised in these “ Lettres d’un Biblio- 
 graphe.” As, however, the cosmical 
 sciences are all found to have a con- 
 
 verging point — a correlation, as one of 
 our English philosophers has pointed 
 out, — so in the mental and inductive 
 sciences the most apparently diverse have 
 a common bearing, and the method of 
 the explorer is the same. M. Madden is 
 an earnest student of the literature of 
 the past — the literature anterior as well 
 as posterior to the invention of printing, 
 — and he utilizes the paleography of the 
 pre-typographic era to interpret and to 
 illustrate the yet hidden subjects con- 
 nected with the incunabula and their 
 immediate successors. This is his me- 
 tier; his labours must be referred to in 
 detail. 
 
6 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 The first series of Letters bears a simple 
 dedication : “ To the memory of Edward 
 Byrne. — J. P. A. Madden.” The pre- 
 face opens with the statement that the 
 Convent cf Weidenbach — “the stream 
 of the willows ” — has never yet received 
 mention in the history of printing. Some 
 years previously the author’s researches 
 led him to the discovery that in this 
 place the art had been carried on with 
 very important and interesting results. 
 In the prosecution of further inquiries 
 he found, moreover, that the products of 
 this press threw light on many disputed 
 points of bibliography ; and this encou- 
 raged him to make a thorough examina- 
 tion of the whole subject of printing at 
 Weidenbach. In this examination he 
 endeavoured to use the same methods as 
 those adopted in the investigation of 
 physical phenomena, and to avoid the 
 conjectural and hypothetical systems 
 generally employed. 
 
 The first Letter is devoted to one of 
 the incunabula proceeding from the Con- 
 vent — a letter of Pius II. to Mahomet II. 
 After showing the historical significance 
 of this work, he proceeds to give a 
 bibliographical account of it, from which 
 it appears that it is a volume of more 
 than ioo pages. In the second Letter, 
 we are shown that the arrangement of 
 the book is in sections, the first six sheets 
 being quaternions, the last having six 
 leaves, — altogether 54 leaves. The paper 
 in all the three extant copies has the 
 same watermark, one of the forms of the 
 bull’s head. The position of it shows 
 that it was printed in half-sheets. The 
 paper is of a remarkable excellency and 
 beauty ; the ink is a good black. We 
 have then a minute account of the typo- 
 graphical arrangement of the pages and 
 lines. The three copies are without title- 
 page, pagination, catchwords, and signa- 
 tures. The whole of the inquiry goes 
 to show that the three copies in existence 
 belong to different editions. 
 
 In the third Letter the proposition is 
 sustained that the three editions were 
 derived from one and the same manu- 
 script. This is established by the most 
 curious yet complete argument. For 
 instance, in one edition we read chris- 
 tiani sino, instead of christianismo. 
 If the compositor, says the author, had 
 been working from a reprint copy, this 
 error could not have occurred. The 
 next proposition is that the composition 
 was not done direct from the manuscript 
 copy at all, but simultaneously by three 
 men who had it dictated to them by the 
 anagnoste, or reader. Interesting par- 
 ticulars are given of the office of this 
 
 personage, and the variation in texts 
 resulting from the oral dictation is 
 shown conclusively. This topic is re- 
 sumed in the fourth Letter, wherein is 
 shown how the faults of pronunciation 
 on the part of the anagnoste resulted in 
 typographical errors, e. g. composnit is 
 pronounced as if it had two s' s, and the 
 compositor set it up as conpossuit. The 
 peculiarities of Cologne pronunciation 
 even are reproduced in the printers’ 
 blunders. Another examination of the 
 text shows that only one reader, and not 
 three, could have been employed. As a 
 specimen of the minute care taken in 
 carrying out this investigation, it may be 
 mentioned that there are lists given (1) 
 of identical barbarisms, (2) of identical 
 solecisms, (3) of words varying, (4) of 
 words omitted, (5) of similar superfluous 
 words, (6) of similar identical signs, (7) 
 of the same absence of points, of similar 
 superfluity of points, (8) of similar re 
 markable abbreviations in the three edi- 
 tions ; the result proving that the same 
 dictation was made to three compositors. 
 
 In the fifth Letter the subject is re- 
 garded under another aspect — the spacing 
 of the lines and their different commence- 
 ments, indicating that three different 
 compositors were engaged ; and in the 
 sixth it is shown that the anagnoste him- 
 self was guilty of divergencies from his 
 copy, which of course were reproduced 
 by the three compositors. In the seventh 
 Letter we see how typographical pecu- 
 liarities even indicate the peculiarities of 
 the manuscript, and the reasoning is 
 carried out to reveal even the number of 
 lines of writing on each page of paper. 
 We cannot here enter into the different 
 chains of argument by which the fact is 
 arrived at ; nor by which that in the 
 eighth Letter is proved, that the three 
 editions were contemporaneous. In the 
 ninth Letter the subjects of the place and 
 date of the printing, and the name of 
 the printer, are discussed. In the tenth 
 it is demonstrated that the printer was not 
 Ulric Zell, of Cologne, as is stated by 
 bibliographers. This is effected by an 
 examination of the known works of the 
 printer ; and the impossibility of the Let- 
 ter of Pope Pius II. being produced in 
 Zell’s office is demonstrated. In the 
 eleventh Letter the identity of the press 
 is established with that of Weidenbach, 
 which was a religious house founded after 
 1417 in front of the Abbey of St. Panta- 
 leon. The inmates of the house were 
 the Brothers of Life-in-Common. Their 
 principal occupation was to copy books 
 and to bind them. When typography 
 was established in Cologne, it found a 
 
Bibliography of Printing;. 
 
 7 
 
 home in this religious house, for it was 
 there that Ulric Zell set tip his printing- 
 office. To Weidenbach, it is further 
 shown, must be attributed the books 
 hitherto believed to be printed independ- 
 ently during a certain period by Ulric 
 Zell, who was not a member of the order. 
 The eleventh Letter is upon the relative 
 importance in a bibliographical sense of 
 some of the incunabula which are af- 
 fected by this discussion. 
 
 In this way it will be seen, by a 
 
 method of investigation altogether his 
 own, M. Madden has made several im- 
 portant discoveries, and not the least of 
 them is the part played in the early his- 
 tory of printing by the Brothers of 
 Life-in-Common at Weidenbach, whose 
 connection with typography had pre- 
 viously never been referred to. “The 
 name of Weidenbach,” he says, “appears 
 thus under my auspices for the first 
 time in the history of printing.” 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Lettres cPun Bibliographe. Deuxieme Serie. 
 Ornees de fac-simile. Paris : 1873. Royal 8vo. pp. xv. 135. 
 
 The second series of the “ Letters of a 
 Bibliographer” opens with the declaration 
 that the chief subject to which they will 
 be devoted will be the typographical ano- 
 malies of many of the incunabula. The 
 first letter is an explanation of the gap in 
 a sheet of the second volume of a Bible 
 attributed to Ulric Zell, wherefrom it is 
 deduced that, contrary to general belief, 
 he could not be the printer. In the 
 second, it is shown that the book pro- 
 ceeded from the Convent at Weidenbach. 
 In the third, that another Bible, believed 
 to be Zell’s, was the work of the Brothers. 
 In the fourth, by a minute examination 
 of a copy of the “ Lis Christi et Belial,” 
 it is shown that the two compositors em- 
 ployed worked under the dictation of an 
 anagnoste. The subjects of the rest of 
 the remaining letters may be epitomized 
 as follows : — 
 
 Fifth Letter : An analysis of the work 
 referred to, and a translation of several 
 passages. 
 
 Sixth Letter : By whom was the “ Lis 
 Christi et Belial ” printed ? 
 
 Seventh Letter : Was William Caxton 
 the printer of the “De Proprietatibus 
 Rerum”? Testimony of Wynken de 
 Worde ; fac-simile ; typographical im- 
 perfections of the work. 
 
 Eighth Letter : Of the two editions of 
 the “De Arte et Modo prsedicandi” of 
 St. Augustin, printed by Fust and Men- 
 telin, which is Mentelin’s first edition. 
 Did Fust or Mentelin first print the 
 work ? 
 
 Ninth Letter : A transcription of the 
 preface of Mentelin, and of the most im- 
 portant passages in the edition of Fust. 
 
 Tenth Letter : Interpretation of a ma- 
 nuscript note on the margin of a page of 
 the “ Summa de Casibus Conscientise,” of 
 Astexanus, printed by Mentelin ; typo- 
 graphical analysis of the volume ; the 
 singularity of the signatures. 
 
 Eleventh Letter : Of an edition of the 
 “ Imitatio,” printed by John of West- 
 
 phalia, and its remarkable typographical 
 defects. What is their cause ? Of the 
 “ Sermones Michaelis de Hungaria” of 
 the same printer. Of another edition of 
 the “ Imitatio,” by John of Westphalia, 
 and comparison of the two texts. Here 
 it is shown that they were dictated 
 from one manuscript to two composi- 
 tors at once ; and that it was neither 
 John of Westphalia nor Thierry Martens, 
 of Alost, who introduced printing into 
 the Low Countries, but the Brothers of 
 Life-in-Common, of the Convent of Saint 
 Gregory, in Louvain. 
 
 Twelfth Letter : Of the edition of 
 Petrarch’s “De Remediis utriusque For- 
 tunse,” printed by H. Eggestein, with a 
 proof that it was the first edition, being 
 printed from a manuscript. A typo- 
 graphical description of the book. Ex- 
 planation of two strange gaps in the text ; 
 translation of passages. 
 
 Thirteenth Letter : Of the work of 
 Adrien le Chartreux, bearing the same 
 title as that of Petrarch, De Remediis. 
 Edition of the work issued by Ter 
 Hoernen ; the edition attributed to Ulric 
 Zell ; comparison of the two ; that attri- 
 buted to Zell is the earliest. Of the edi- 
 tion of H. Eggestein. 
 
 Fourteenth Letter : Of Four Letters 
 of Indulgence, printed on the same side 
 of a sheet of vellum. The four letters 
 were the work of two compositors. Sin- 
 gular arrangement of the forms ; expla- 
 nation thereof by M. E. Aubert, printer. 
 Some typographical differences in the 
 letters precluding their being attributed 
 to different printing-offices. Translation 
 of the Letter of Indulgence. 
 
 Fifteenth Letter : In what school did 
 Nicolas Jenson learn printing? Two 
 notes on the subject, one given by Boze, 
 and the other preserved in the library of 
 the Arsenal. Comparison of the two 
 notes. Was it Charles VII. or Louis XI. 
 who sent Jenson to inquire into the 
 discovery of printing? That Jenson 
 
8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 went to Cologne about the year 1463 ; 
 that there he became acquainted with 
 Ulric Zell in the Convent of Weidenbach ; 
 that he there learned to engrave the 
 characters known as the “ R bizarre.” 
 
 It will be seen that the volume contains 
 
 a refutation of a number of statements 
 that have hitherto passed current among 
 bibliographers, and that this refutation, 
 if correct, is of so important a character 
 as to modify very considerably any future 
 history of printing that maybe compiled. 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Lettres d’un Bibliographe. Troisieme Serie, avec 
 fac-simile. Paris : 1874. Royal 8vo. pp. xiii. 104. (The fac- 
 simile is a photograph. ) 
 
 This volume carries on the train of 
 investigation opened up in the two pre- 
 ceding volumes. The subjects of the re- 
 spective letters are as follows : — 
 
 First Letter : Interpretation of a manu- 
 script note in which the verb disponere 
 cannot receive a typographical significa- 
 tion, and leads to the conclusion that it 
 was printed in the convent of Weiden- 
 bach. 
 
 Second Letter : Interpretation of a note 
 in which the word procurare replaces 
 dispo 7 iere. 
 
 Third Letter : Interpretation of notes 
 in which we find associated the names of 
 Ulric Zell and of Jean Alen, the one the 
 printer, the other overseer at Weidenbach. 
 
 Fourth Letter : Interpretation of notes, 
 in which we see brought together the 
 verbs disponere and procurare. 
 
 Fifth Letter : Interpretation of a note 
 which leads to the conclusion that Jean 
 Guldenschaff printed at Weidenbach. 
 
 Sixth Letter : Of the Brothers of Life- 
 in- Common in general, and those of 
 Weidenbach in particular. Of Gerard 
 Groot and Florenz Radewyns. Matthew 
 Grabow’s attack on the Brothers at the 
 Council of Constance. The building of 
 the church of St. Michael at Cologne. 
 
 This is stated to be “the end of 
 the third series of Letters of a Biblio- 
 grapher.” The remainder of the volume, 
 from page 37, is occupied by “ Etudes 
 sur Gutenberg et sur Schoiffer.” These 
 are isolated articles of considerable in- 
 terest, bibliographically and typographi- 
 cally. 
 
 The first is entitled “Gutenberg at 
 Strasburg,” and reference is made to the 
 third typographical jubilee celebrated 
 there in 1740. Professor Schoepflin was 
 then authorized to examine the archives 
 of the ancient city, and he found a re- 
 gister of the year 1439, containing the 
 name of Gutenberg. This discovery 
 gave us the first and, to the present day, 
 the only reliable information concerning 
 the first works of the inventor of printing. 
 The precious documents themselves were 
 destroyed by the Prussians during the 
 
 war of 1871, when the library of Stras- 
 burg was burnt. Happily Schoepflin, 
 Meerman, and Leon de Laborde, had 
 copied the text, and made translations in 
 French and Latin. From these and from 
 other trustworthy documents M. Madden 
 makes up a sketch of the early life of 
 Gutenberg and his first operations at 
 Strasburg. 
 
 The next chapter is headed “Guten- 
 berg at Mayence,” and the story of the 
 proto-printer is told during the time he 
 occupied the house “Zum Jungen,” 
 “which is,” says M. Madden, “after 
 the cradle at Bethlehem, the spot on all 
 our planet where was accomplished the 
 fact that has been most important to the 
 human race.” And “the Germans,” he 
 adds, “ have made it a brewery ! ” 
 
 The characteristics of the different 
 alleged Gutenberg Bibles are then de- 
 scribed, M. Madden stating that he has 
 taken nothing at second-hand, but has 
 examined each for himself. He believes 
 that the first book ever printed in movable 
 type was the Bible of 36 lines, and 
 accepts as the date of its production the 
 statement of Ulric Zell, in the Cologne 
 Chronicle, that it appeared in 1450. After 
 the printing of the Bible came the part- 
 nership with Fust, and the printing of 
 the Bible of 42 lines ; subsequently 
 Gutenberg printed, alone, the “ Catho- 
 licon.” The chapter details the known 
 incidents up to the death of the inventor, 
 and ends with the words : “ quoi bon 
 parler du bronze et du marbre consacres 
 a Gutenberg ? II est un monument qui, 
 plus frele que tous les autres, leur sur- 
 vivra cependant : c est le livre .” 
 
 The third chapter is devoted to Peter 
 Schoeffer, the man who, Madden says, 
 after Gutenberg, occupies the most hon- 
 ourable place in the history of typo- 
 graphy. A fine fac-simile of the hand- 
 writing of Peter Schoeffer is given. 
 Among other interesting discoveries 
 made by M. Madden is that of the name 
 of Schoeffer’s corrector of the press, John 
 Fontaine, which had been unknown 
 during the previous four centuries. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 9 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Lettres dun Bibliographe. Quatncme sene, 
 ornee de six planches et de plusieurs fac-simile. Paris : 1875. 
 Royal 8vo. pp. xix. 287. Engraved title-page ; fac-simile of the 
 Psalterium, op. p. 145 ; sketch of a Clerc de la Vie Commune, 
 op. p. 175 ; alphabet of capital letters, op. p. 1 79 ; plan of St. 
 Pantaleon and Weidenbach, op. p. 180 ; photographed fac-simile 
 
 after Quentel, op. p. 218. 
 
 In the preface, M. Madden states that 
 this fourth series, as well as the third, 
 consists of Letters and articles which 
 appeared in the Tyfiologie-Tucker, en- 
 titled “ Studies in Printing.” The ten 
 first Letters embodied the results of his 
 bibliographical researches from their 
 beginning. That was in 1856, and their 
 origin is curious. For a few years pre- 
 viously he had in his library an old “ Psal- 
 terium,” bought at a shop in Versailles. . 
 Being engaged in compiling a catalogue 
 of his library, it became necessary to 
 know from what printing - office this 
 “ Psalterium ’’emanated, and this was how 
 he had entered upon those bibliographical 
 studies which he had ever since pursued 
 in the intervals of his engagements in the 
 instruction of university students and at 
 the Government schools. The solution of 
 the problem imposed on him an attentive 
 examination of the incunabula of the 
 French public libraries and those in the 
 Stadt-Bibliothek of Cologne. With great 
 labour he carried out his object, but his 
 inquiries were much assisted by the fact 
 that already in his own possession were a 
 large number of fifteenth-century pro- 
 ductions. The result was that he was 
 able to identify his “ Psalterium ” as the 
 work of the Clerks of Common Life of 
 Weidenbach, Cologne. 
 
 The title-page of the book contains a 
 vignette consisting of an ancient wine- 
 press, engraved on wood by M. Lacoste ; 
 it is surrounded with a border, designed 
 by an artist in Lemercier’s establishment. 
 A representation is given of a “ Clerc ” 
 of the Order of Life-in-Common, repro- 
 duced from a work by Philippe Bonnani, 
 of the Society of Jesus, published at 
 Rome in 1738, under the title of “Ordi- 
 num Religiosorum Catalogus.” There is 
 presented a plan of the part of Cologne 
 where was situated the convent of 
 Weidenbach, from a rare work called 
 “ Theatrum Urbium Praecipuarum Mun- 
 di,” by George Braun or Bruin, of which 
 the first volume appeared at Cologne in 
 1572. The other reproductions are by 
 the firm of Gillot & Co. 
 
 M. Madden expresses his belief that 
 the most important result of the publica- 
 tion of the Fourth Series of his “Letters” 
 VOL. II. 1 
 
 will be to show that the rdle of Cologne, 
 especially in giving shelter to the typo- 
 graphical fugitives from Mayence in 1462, 
 has never previously been duly appre- 
 ciated. 
 
 The matter contained in this fourth 
 volume is of so varied a character that we 
 can merely catalogue it. Our list shows, 
 however, the pre-eminent importance of 
 the work to students of the history of 
 typography. 
 
 First of all appear the following chap- 
 ters : — - 
 
 Ulric Zell and the typographical school 
 at Cologne. 
 
 William Caxton. 
 
 Caxton at Westminster. 
 
 John Mentelin. 
 
 On certain works printed with the 
 “ R bizarre.” 
 
 The Sophologium with the “ R bizarre.” 
 
 List of books in that character. 
 
 Books in the semi-Gothic character, 
 with and without the “ R bizarre.” 
 
 These are succeeded by ten Letters on 
 two Psalters and two Missals without 
 name of printer, and three letters follow 
 relative to other printing from Weiden- 
 bach. 
 
 The fourteenth and following Letters 
 are devoted to different subjects. The 
 statement of the bibliographers that in 
 the early days of typography books were 
 printed page by page is examined and 
 refuted. The fifteenth letter is on the 
 meaning of the word planatura , and it 
 is shown how it is applicable to the 
 work of the early bookbinders. 
 
 The sixteenth Letter is of great interest. 
 There are not preserved anywhere one of 
 the types used by printers in the fifteenth 
 century, nor are intelligible descriptions 
 extant of their shape ; all known on the 
 point was conjectural. In reading a 
 page of a Latin treatise of John Nider 
 on “ Lepre Morale,” printed by Conrad 
 Hamborch, of Cologne, at the end of 
 the year 1476, M. Madden found that 
 one of the pages had got battered. The 
 inking-ball had drawn up a letter, which 
 lay upon the face of the form, the frisket 
 and platen descended, and the type 
 received the impression, the printed page 
 
IO 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 resulting from this accident showing us, 
 after four centuries, the exact contour 
 of the archaic types. We reproduce, by 
 M. Madden’s permission, this excessively 
 interesting representation. The circular 
 mark, about one - tenth of an inch 
 diameter on the side of the type was 
 firmly depressed in the metal, but did 
 not perforate it. As the type had no 
 nick on the body, it is apparent that the 
 
 the typographical signification of the 
 word litura. 
 
 At the end are several “notes,” of 
 historical value. The first is on the 
 printing-office of Froschauer at Zurich. 
 Then follows a list of the printers of 
 Cologne in the fifteenth century, and 
 remarks on the situations of their respec- 
 tive establishments, beginning with that 
 of Ulric Zell, who, according to M. Mad- 
 
 towtatibuetfufus mtjil fe^pzijs mtvfco 
 mfftjucnt ihii fed&utepatauttnfcco^tr 
 pagma. \etba fi&Ufes: curabp ottede u fh * 
 itifi qnaUumtocbzm noiai l© 1 » 
 P?atui0\t2tba ftattm fcqtnmjhv uba bt \ V • 
 omneg vitefitK toitct mgtot \ .’A 
 
 asttuv \S 
 
 A TYPE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 circular mark was there to guide the 
 compositor. 
 
 The object of the seventeenth Letter is 
 to show that the proto-typographer of 
 Lauingen was probably John Zeiner. 
 The eighteenth Letter is on the authorship 
 of a French romance ; the nineteenth is 
 on a subject of more importance to us, 
 technically— the first book printed in 
 Hebrew characters ; the twentieth is on 
 
 den’s researches, installed about 1463 his 
 first presses at the Monastery of Wieden- 
 bach, opposite the Abbey of St. Pantaleon. 
 Following, is the correction of another 
 error of the bibliographers relative to 
 Peter Bergmann de Olpe, and some 
 ephemera, including a notice of Firmin- 
 Didot’s “Aldus Manutius,” and Mr. 
 Blades’s discovery of a new Caxton ; the 
 first book printed in Italy, &c. 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Lettres d un Bibliographe. Suivies d’un essai 
 sur l’origine de rimprimerie de Paris. Cinquieme serie, ornee 
 d’un atlas. Paris: 1878. Royal 8vo. pp. xi. 284. Half-title 
 is: “Vingt lettres d’un bibliographe.” Another half-title leaf 
 forms p. 103: “ Essai sur l’origine de rimprimerie de Paris”; 
 
 pagination being continuous. 
 
 The first Letter is headed, “A graphic 
 proof that copy was dictated to com- 
 positors.” We have referred above to 
 the investigations made by M. Madden 
 into the existence of the anagnoste, and 
 to his information on the subject con- 
 tained in the first series of letters. Some 
 writers, it appears, regarded M. Mad- 
 den’s remarks as mere surmises, which 
 stimulated him to give a “graphic” 
 proof of his assertions. We are enabled 
 by the courtesy of M. Madden to repro- 
 duce one of these illustrations (see Pan- 
 CIROLLl). 
 
 Second Letter: On the four first edi- 
 tions of the “ Compendium de Francorum 
 Gestis,” &c. 
 
 Third Letter : Comparison of two 
 
 copies of the “De Arte Praedicandi.” 
 Fourth Letter: Comparison of two 
 
 copies of the “Sermones aurei de 
 Sanctis.” 
 
 Fifth Letter : Comparison of two copies 
 of the “ Sophologium.” 
 
 Sixth Letter : On the first editions of 
 the “ Poesies erotiques de Parny.” 
 
 Seventh Letter : Some dates connected 
 with Parny and his first poems. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 1 1 
 
 Eighth Letter : The “ Elegies ” of 
 Partly. 
 
 Ninth Letter: The subterranean ate- 
 lier of Gutenberg at Mayence. This 
 is a description of a visit paid by M. 
 Madden in 1858 to Mayence, to inspect 
 the house “Zum J ungen,” where, accord- 
 ing to tradition, Gutenberg erected his 
 press to print the 36-line Bible. There 
 had bee.i found in the cellar of this place 
 various pieces of timber which, when put 
 together, formed part of the framework of 
 a press, on a cross-piece of which was 
 cut, in letters about an inch in length, 
 “J mcdxli G.” The first and the last 
 letters are the initials of the great printer ; 
 the others are the date of the construc- 
 tion of the press. It is the theory 
 of M. Madden that in 1441 Gutenberg 
 was in Strasburg, and not in Mayence. — 
 See Fry (Francis), and (in Supplement) 
 Hessels (J. H.). 
 
 Tenth Letter : On the form of the 
 “ Tables of Logarithms of Wingate.” 
 
 Eleventh Letter : On the first Tables 
 of Logarithms printed in France. 
 
 Twelfth Letter: On Henrion’s “Trea- 
 tise on Logarithms,” of 1626. 
 
 Thirteenth Letter : On the introduc- 
 tion of printing into the province of 
 Languedoc. 
 
 Fourteenth Letter : The house of 
 
 Plantin, at Antwerp. 
 
 Fifteenth Letter : Caxton and his 
 
 apprenticeship. 
 
 Sixteenth Letter : On an old Latin- 
 French Dictionary. 
 
 Seventeenth Letter : On a print of 
 Jacques Kerver. 
 
 Eighteenth Letter : The centenaries of 
 J. J. Rousseau and of Voltaire. 
 
 Nineteenth Letter : On the oldest 
 
 printing-office in Versailles. 
 
 Twentieth Letter : Etymology of the 
 word “ tramway.” 
 
 At page 105 there is an “ Essay on the 
 Origin of Printing in Paris.” It forms 
 the nucleus of a complete history of the 
 early French typographers. M. Madden 
 shows that the establishment of printing 
 in the French metropolis was not the 
 work of Ulric Gering alone, as is gene- 
 rally believed. He points out that some 
 centuries previously there had been 
 providentially prepared the places and 
 the auxiliaries essential to the introduc- 
 tion, and a long chain of events had 
 transpired favouring the settlement of the 
 art at Paris. In a “ Prolegomenes et 
 critique de quelques historiens ” he re- 
 views previous writers on the subject, 
 viz., Naude, Chevillier, W..P. Greswell, 
 A. Taillandier, and Auguste Bernard, as 
 well as M. Arnbroise Firmin- Didot. It 
 
 is stated that among all the bibliographers 
 Chevillier has treated his subject the 
 best ; Greswell abounds with errors, 
 which the critical spirit of a bibliographer 
 would have prevented, to the great im- 
 provement of his book, whose chief 
 recommendation consists in its engravings 
 on wood, especially the portrait of Ulric 
 Gering. As for Bernard, “ as long as he 
 keeps within his professional sphere as a 
 printer, he throws much light on typo- 
 graphical questions, but when he advances 
 to laud that he has but slightly explored, 
 he misleads his reader.” 
 
 The next chapter is headed “ Paris 
 cite favorite de la Providence,” and M. 
 Madden says that if the reader will recall 
 to his memory the immense services which 
 were rendered by the printing-press of 
 Paris in the 15th century in offering cheap 
 works to those who were not favoured 
 of fortune ; in the sixteenth century by 
 resuscitating the Latin and Greek authors ; 
 in the seventeenth by diffusing through- 
 out all Europe the best of its own 
 literature ; in the eighteenth by spreading 
 a literature that had changed the aspect 
 and shaken the foundations, of society, — 
 if he considers those great results, he will 
 ask, What causes led to them ? The 
 answer is, Paris was predestinated, Paris 
 was favoured by Providence before all 
 other cities. He proceeds then to consider 
 its natural and physical advantages. 
 
 The next chapter is a “ Bird’s - eye 
 View ” of the part of Paris in which 
 printing was first established. 
 
 Following is a chapter on the Univer- 
 sity and the Sorbonne ; tracing up the 
 history of those institutions from their 
 origin. At the end reference is made to 
 the portrait of Ulric Gering contained in 
 the accompanying Atlas. It is drawn 
 after an antique picture placed in the 
 high chapel of the College du Montagu. 
 An engraving of it has been made after a 
 drawing by the well-known French artist, 
 M.. Pilinski. Reference is also made to 
 a bust of Gering, which is printed in the 
 Atlas. The bust itself was erected in the 
 Library of St. Genevieve in 1874. 
 
 The next chapter is on the situation of 
 the rue Coupe-Gueule, and the matter 
 following establishes the fact that there 
 were five persons concerned in the estab- 
 lishment of printing in Paris. Their 
 names are : Jean de Lapierre or Lapide, 
 or Lapidanus, who in 1467 was prior of 
 the Sorbonne, and in 1471 librarian ; 
 Guillaume Fichet, in 1467 rector, and 
 afterwards also librarian of the Sorbonne ; 
 Martin Krantz, of whom nothing is 
 known ; Michel Friburger ; and Ulric 
 Gering. A chapter is devoted to the 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 I 2 
 
 books printed in the Sorbonne, and the 
 departure of Krantz, Friburger, and 
 Gering; from the Sorbonne, to set up a 
 press in the Rue St. Jacques, at the 
 “Golden Sun.” A bibliographical account 
 is then given of the twenty-one books 
 printed there. The author now turns to 
 the establishment of the second printing- 
 office in Paris by two Germans, named 
 Pierre Caesaris and Jean Stol. Returning 
 to Gering, it is shown how he became 
 associated with Rembolt in 1494, and 
 how finally he printed by himself up to 
 
 the time of his death, in 1510, after 
 having practised typography for about 
 forty years. An account is appended of 
 the other printers of Paris in the fifteenth 
 century, and a curious genealogical 
 statement, showing how certain alliances 
 favourable to printing were made between 
 French and German families at the 
 commencement of the sixteenth century. 
 At the end of the book are some “addi- 
 tional notes” on subjects previously re- 
 ferred to. The “ Lettres ” are still (1880) 
 being continued in La Typologie- Tucker. 
 
 Madden (J. P. A.). Atlas au “Lettres d’un Bibliographe.” Paris : 
 1878. 4to. 
 
 The Atlas consists of the portrait of (which we reproduce, sub voce Stephens) 
 Ulric Gering, and the monument to him a fac-simile of the first page of the 
 in the Library of St. Genevieve, to which “ Virgil ” of Nicholas des Pres, of 
 reference has been made above : tables of 1514, the device of Ulric Zell, and a 
 the earliest products of the Parisian copperplate plan f the quarter of the 
 press ; a portrait of Robert Stephens I. Sorbonne. 
 
 See Mallinkrot (B.) and Pancirolli (G.). 
 
 Madinier (Henry). Notes sur les principaux produils exposes de 
 l’Imprimerie. (Exposition universelle de 1855.) Paris : 1855. 
 8vo. pp. 78. 
 
 A cleverly-written report, showing alike the ability and impartiality of the author. 
 
 et Parrot (A.). Amour et Typographic. Comedie-Vaude- 
 
 ville en deux actes. Paris : 1856. 8vo. 
 
 Maeder (Pfarrer). Der Segen der Buchdruckerkunst. Strasburg : 
 1840. 8vo. pp. 14. 
 
 Maffei (G.). Storia della letteratura Italiana dall’ origine della 
 lingua fino al Secolo XIX. 5 vols. Napoli : 1829. i2mo. 
 
 In vol. ii. p. 101, and vol. iv. p. 27, are some interesting particulars of the 
 early Italian printers. 
 
 Magdeburgischer Beytrag zum Lobe Gottes, wegen der vor ;-}oo 
 Jahren erfundenen Buchdruckerkunst. Magdeburg: 1740. 4to. 
 
 Magrath (W.). Printer’s Assistant. London : 1805. 
 
 Mahlan (A.). Ueber Preisberechnung der Buchdruckarbeiten. Vor- 
 trag, gehalten am 29. Octbr. 1871, zu Frankfurt-a.-M. Frankfort- 
 on-the-Maine : 1871. 8vo. pp. 28. 
 
 Albert Mahlan, of the firm of Mahlan views, requested him to have it printed, 
 & Waldschmidt, printers, of the above- as owing to its practical nature it deserved 
 named city, read this paper on the jour- greater publicity. The paper was also 
 neymen printers’ scale, before a meeting printed in numbers 42, 43, and 44 of the 
 of master printers, who, agreeing with his Journal fur Buchdruckerkunst for 1871. 
 
i3 
 
 Bibliography of Printing 
 
 Mahnke (Geo. Hein.). Johannes von Gutenberg, Erfinder der 
 Buchdruckerkunst, und Dr. Johann Faust; oder die Zeichen 
 der Zeit. [A Drama.] Hamburg : 1809. 8vo. Frontispiece, 
 pp. 232. 
 
 Maier (Mich.). De Typographia. In his “ Verum inuentum s. 
 munera Germaniae,” chap, v, Frankfurt : 1619. 4to. 
 
 Maillard (Firmin). Histoire anecdotique et critique de la Presse 
 Parisienne. 2. et 3. Annees. 1857 et 1858. Paris : 1859. i2mo. 
 pp. ii. and 251. 
 
 A11 interesting collection of facts and anecdotes concerning the Parisian Press of 
 the period described, with amusing notices of every serial, large or small, issued in 
 Paris during 1857-8. 
 
 Histoire des Journaux publies a Paris pendant le Siege et sous 
 
 la Commune (4 Septembre, 1870, au 28 Mai, 1871). Paris : 1871. 
 8vo. pp. vi. and 268. 
 
 This book and the following form a curious page in typographical history. 
 
 Les Publications de la Rue pendant le Siege et la Commune — 
 
 satires, canards, complaintes, chansons, placards, pamphlets — 
 Bibliographic pittoresque et anecdotique. Paris : 1874. 121110. 
 
 pp. xii. and 198, and one vignette. 
 
 Printed on coloured paper. at Paris in 1871 ; “ Histoire anecdotique 
 
 M. Firmin Maillard has devoted et critique de 159 Journaux parus en l’an 
 his pen to recording the history of the de grace 1856, avec une table par ordre 
 Parisian periodical press, and to what alphabetique de 386 personnes citees, 
 we in this country are accustomed to commentees et turlupinees dans le present 
 characterize as “Catnach” literature, volume,” published in 1857; “ Le Petit 
 being the author of “ Affiches, Professions Journal: Histoire de dix ans 1850-60, 
 de Foi, Documents officiels, Clubs et avec gravures,” published in 1853 ; and 
 Comites penda nt la Commune,” published other similar works. 
 
 * 
 
 Mailleville (Le Comte E.). Bibliographic du Perigord, XVl e 
 Sifecle. Paris : 1861. 8vo. 
 
 Maimieux (J. de). Pasigraphie . . nouvel art-science d’ecrire et 
 
 d’imprimer en une langue a maniere d’etre lu et entendu dans 
 toute autre langue. Paris : 1 797. 4to. 
 
 Maineri (Prof. B. E. ). Cola Montano e compagni in tipografia. 
 Illustratione del quadro di G. Mazza. Florence : 1871. 
 
 M[airet (F. )]. Notice sur la Lithographic, ou l’art d’imprimer sur 
 pierre. Dijon : 1818. i2mo. pp. vi. 57, and 4 plates. 
 
 A very rare early work on the subject 
 of lithography. Copies containing the 
 four plates are exceedingly scarce. The 
 authorship is indicated on the title-page 
 only by the letter M . . . . , but in the 
 imprint the writer describes himself as a 
 stationer. He points out in the preface 
 that he is not a literary man, and would 
 have desired that M. de Lasteyrie had 
 undertaken the work, as his felicity of 
 
 style would have rendered it more inter- 
 esting and elegant. Finding, however, 
 that amateurs were in want of practical 
 information on the several processes of 
 lithography, M. Mairet published these 
 directions, derived from his own expe- 
 rience in the pursuit of the art. The 
 plates are only rude, but exceedingly 
 interesting as early examples. 
 
i4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 M[ai.ret (F.)]. Notice sur la Lithographic. Deuxieme edition, suivie 
 d’un Essai sur la Reliure et le blanchiment des livres et gravures. 
 Chatillon-sur-Seine : 1824. i2mo. pp. 228. Five plates. 
 
 The lithographic matter extends over 
 68 pages. In the preface it is stated 
 that the previous edition had been 
 quickly sold off, and the author had been 
 solicited to issue a second. In complying 
 with this request he added the matter 
 relating to bookbinding, &c. It is 
 n )ticeable that whereas in the title-page 
 of 1818 he was described as a stationer, 
 in that of 1824 he is described as a book- 
 binder and lithographic printer. He 
 seems to have gained great reputation 
 
 for the excellence and elegance of his 
 binding, M. Peignot, the bibliophile, 
 awarding him high commendation on 
 this account. The new edition was 
 printed in a far superior manner to 
 the old one, and the plates are much 
 better executed, marking the progress 
 which had been made in the interval be- 
 tween the two publications. Copies are 
 now seldom met with, especially in this 
 country. 
 
 Kurzer Abriss der Lithographic u. Steindruckerei. Aus 
 
 dem Franzos. Mit 1 Abbild. einer vollstandigen Presse. 
 Pesth : 1819. 8vo. 
 
 Maitland (S. R.). An Index of such English books, printed before 
 the year 1600, as are now in the Arch i- episcopal Library of 
 Lambeth. London : 1845. 8vo. pp. 246. 
 
 See Lambeth Library, ante. 
 
 Maittaire (Michael). Annales typographic! ab artis inventge origine 
 ad annum MDLVII. 3vols. Hagse-Comitum : 1719-22-26. 4to. 
 
 Vol. iv., in 2 parts (a new edition of vol. i.). Amstelodami : 
 
 1 733. 4to. Vol. v., in 2 parts. Index. Londini : 1741. 4to. 
 
 Large paper. 
 
 Vol. i., 6 leaves and 388 pages. At be found j. v. Koster. “The ‘Annales 
 the beginning is a beautifully engraved Typographici ’ have secured him the 
 plate, representing the heads of Coster, respect of posterity .... Copies upon 
 Gutenberg, SchcefFer, Aldus, and Frobe- large paper are now exceedingly scarce. 
 
 nius. Vol. ii. 4 leaves ; Prefatio, pp The principal merit consists in a 
 
 viii. ; Conjectura, pp. iv. ; Annales, pp. great deal of curious matter detailed in 
 395. Vol. iii., or, as the title-page has the notes, but the absence of the lucidus 
 it, “ Tomi secundi pars posterior,” has ordo renders the perusal of these fatiguing 
 a title-page, 1 leaf ; Annales, pp. 395-860. and unsatisfactory.” — Dibdin (Biblio- 
 
 A chronological list of all the books the mania), 
 author could meet with up to the year A supplement in 2 vols. was published 
 1557. in 1789. — See Denis (M.). 
 
 A synopsis of Maittaire’s theories will 
 
 Historia Typographorum aliquot Parisiensium, eorum vitas et 
 
 libros complectens. 2 vols. Londini : 1717. 8vo. Tom. i., 
 pp. xvi., 2 plates, 2 leaves, pp. 160. Tom. ii., 4 leaves, pp. 160. 
 
 A curious work, in which the typographical careers of Simon de Colines, Michel 
 Vascosan, G. Morel, A. Turnebo, F. Morel, and Jean Bienne are recounted. 
 
 Stephanorum Historia, vitas ipsorum ac libros complectens. 
 
 Londini : 1709. 8vo. pp. ix., two leaves of fac-simile devices, 
 pp. 564, 5, 133, and 7. Portrait of Robert Stephens, by Sturt, 
 forriis the frontispiece. 
 
 This very complete work, the first pro- Stephens the first, and of his Sons. Vol. 
 duction of this renowned bibliographer, i., part 2. Lives of the Nephews of 
 has the above general title-pages, but Henry Stephens I. Vol. ii. List of 
 there are sub-titles dividing the work, as Books printed by the Stephens, 
 follows : -Vol. i., part 1. Lives of Henry Michael Maittaire, an eminent 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 *5 
 
6 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 London classical editor and biblio- Rare and Valuable Editions of the Greek 
 grapher, was born in 1668, died 1747. and Latin Classics,” vol. i. p. 148. — See 
 Some biographical allusions to his career also Beloe’s “Anecdotes of Literature,” 
 will be found in the third edition of Dib- &c., vol. iii. p. 9. 
 din’s “ Introduction to the Knowledge of 
 
 Maittaire (Michael). — See Leich (J. H.). 
 
 Observations sur quelques endroits des “Annales Typo- 
 graphies” de M. Maittaire. In “ Histoire de 1 ’Academie 
 Royale des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres,” tome xiv., p. 227. 
 Paris. 8vo. 
 
 Mallinkrot (Bernard). De Ortu ac Progressu Artis Typographies; 
 Dissertatio historica, in qva praeter alia pleraque ad calcographices 
 negocivm spectantia, de auctoribus, et loco inuentionis prsecipue 
 inquiritur, proqve Mogvntinis contra Harlemenses concluditur. 
 Colonise Agrippinae : 1639. 4to. Engraved title. 11 preliminary 
 
 leaves, pp. 127, index, &c., 4 leaves. Another edition. 
 
 Coloniae Agrippinae: 1640. 4to. Engraved title; 11 prelim- 
 inary leaves ; pp. 127 ; index, &c., 4 leaves. 
 
 The engraved title contains a portrait drawing in Pancirolli’s work, to show 
 of the author, and also of Gutenberg and that the employment of the anagnoste 
 Fust. The lower compartment repre- had then been abandoned, 
 sents the interior of a printing-office, Bernard Mallinkrot was a 
 and is reproduced on the preceding learned German antiquary who collected 
 page. It is highly interesting as being testimonies as to the discovery of print- 
 a very early representation of the system ing, 109 being in favour of Mentz, 13 for 
 of working adopted at the time, and is Haerlem, and 11 neutral. He died in 
 contrasted by Madden (<7.2/.) with a 1664. Mentel (J.). 
 
 Malpez. — See Baverel (J. P.) et Malpez. 
 
 Malten (H.). Gedenkbuch der vierten Jubelfeier der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst in Mainz, 1840. Von F. Bauer, H. Malten, 
 und J. Wetter. Mainz : 1841. 8vo. pp. viii. and 362. With 
 plates. 
 
 One of the plates shows a plant, the Gutenbergia. The book contains a description 
 of the Gutenberg-festival at Mayence, and gives, also an account of the state of 
 that city in 1840. 
 
 Maltzahn (Wendelin von). Deutscher Biicherschatz des XVI., 
 XVII., u. XVIII., bis in die Mitte des XIX. Jahrhunderts, 
 gesammelt und mit bibl. Erlauterungen herausg. Jena : 1875. 
 Large 8vo. pp. viii. and 572. 
 
 Mame (Alfred) & Co. Banquet offert par M. Alfred Marne aux 
 ouvriers et employes de sa maison le 28 Mars, 1853. Discours, 
 etc. (Tours : 1853.) Large 8vo. 
 
 £loge de l’Imprimerie, dedie a M. Alfred Mame par les 
 
 employes de son etablissement typographique. Tours : 1846. 
 4to. pp. 12. 
 
 Hommage d’un monument en bronze presente a M. Alfred 
 
 Mame par les ouvriers et employes de son etablissement, le 
 13 Fevrier, 1853. (Tours.) 8vo. 
 
 Imprimerie, librairie, reliure. Notice et documents. Tours : 
 
 1862. 4to. With illustrations. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 1 7 
 
 Mame (Alfred) & Co. Notice et catalogue illustre des principales 
 publications. Tours : 1878. 8vo. pp. xii. and 52. 
 
 A splendidly printed and gorgeously illustrated catalogue of works issued for the 
 Paris Exposition Universelle, 1878. 
 
 Notice et Specimens. Tours: 1867. Fol. Illustrations. 
 
 Another edition, folio, 1870. 
 
 The celebrated firm of Mame, of Tours, 
 dates from the close of the last century. 
 Its founder was M. Amand Mame. In 
 1830 he took his nephew, Ernest Mame, 
 into partnership, and in 1833 his eldest 
 son, Alfred Mame, who, by the retirement 
 of the former, became in 1845 sole proprie- 
 tor of the printing establishment, and has 
 since conducted it with great energy and 
 success. From his accession is dated the 
 entire reconstruction of the establishment, 
 and the introduction of the best and most 
 powerful modern machinery. A few 
 years later there was added to the print- 
 ing and publishing departments an im- 
 mense building devoted to bookbinding. 
 In 1859 the grandson of the founder of 
 the house and the son of Alfred Mame, 
 M. Paul Mame, was admitted to a share 
 in the proprietary. The firm is honour- 
 ably distinguished by its enterprise, 
 the high character of its productions, 
 consisting chiefly of religious works, and 
 their moderate prices. The Roman 
 Catholic service-books stand first in 
 importance. These are the Missal, the 
 Breviary, and the Diurnal, which are 
 printed in vast numbers, and in very 
 
 sumptuous style. Dora’s Bible was first 
 produced by this firm. The house also 
 publishes a vast number of educational 
 works, editions of the French classics, & c. 
 
 The printing-office is said to be capable 
 of producing about 20,000 volumes a day, 
 taking as an average those of ten sheets 
 i2mo. This gives a total during the 
 working year of 300 days of no less than 
 six million volumes. Thirty steam ma- 
 chines are kept constantly at work. 
 Bookbinding occupies three immense 
 workshops, independent of the ware- 
 houses. Altogether about a thousand 
 persons are employed, for whose benefit 
 various societies have been formed. 
 
 In 1874 a “ Caisse de Participation et 
 de Prevoyance ” was founded in favour 
 of the employes of the establishment, 
 who receive each year a part of the profits 
 of the house. One-third of this sum is 
 distributed in money to all employes of 
 21 years of age who have served one year 
 in the firm ; the other two-thirds, accumu- 
 lating at s per cent, interest, are distri- 
 buted among those of 20 years’ service. 
 About 60,000 francs are thus annually 
 devoted to this fund. 
 
 Manni (Domenico Maria). Vita di Aldo Pio Manuzio, insigne 
 restauratore delle lettere greche e latine in Venezia. Venezia : 
 1 7 59. 8vo. With portrait of Manutius (q. v.). 
 
 Vita di Giodoco Badio. Milano: 1757. 4to. 
 
 Vita di Pietro Perna, Lucchese, diligentissimo impressore in 
 
 Basilea. Lucca : 1763. 8vo. pp. viii. and 68. 
 
 D. M. Manni, an Italian scholar, who achieved a wide fame in letters, antiquities, 
 
 history, and bibliography, was a printer at Florence in 1728, having succeeded to the 
 
 office of his father, Joseph Manni, in 1701. 
 
 Mansion (Colard). — See Blades, Caxton, Praet, et passim. 
 
 Manuale di Litografia, o istruzione teorico-pratica pel designatore e 
 per le stampatore litografo tratte dalle opere di Bregeaud e Sene- 
 felder, con tavole. Milano : 1828. 32mo. 
 
 Manuel de l’lmprimerie. 2 me edition. Paris : 1817. 8vo. 
 
 No author is named. Though it reached a second edition, it is a rather poor work. 
 
 Manuel (Le) des Impositions typographiques, suivi d’une planche 
 oil l’on trouve le maniere de corriger les epreuves d’imprimerie et 
 de la representation de la Casse Romaine et Grecque simple. 
 Seconde edition augmentee. Paris: 1792. 8vo. 
 
 VOL. II. D 
 
1 8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 MANUEL pratique pour Ies commenjants dans l’art typographique. 
 Leipzig: 1 79 1 . 8vo. 
 
 M AN U ELS-Roret. Nouveau Manuel complet de rimprimeur-Litho- 
 graphe, par M. L. R. Bregeaut. Nouvelle edition tres-augmentee 
 par M. Knecht, ancien lithographe, chevalier de plusieurs ordres, 
 et M. Jules Desportes, professeur de lithographic a l’Institut 
 National des Sourds-muets, directeur du journal Le Lithographe , 
 &c. Paris : 1850. i2mo. pp. xxiii. and 401. Atlas to the 
 same, containing 7 folding plates. 
 
 The composite character of the author- 
 ship of this work induces us to place it 
 under the name by which the series of 
 technical manuals, of which it forms one, 
 is so well known and valued throughout 
 the Continent. The book, as revised and 
 enlarged by successive authors, is un- 
 deniably the most useful and best treatise 
 on the art of lithography which has 
 ever appeared, if we may except the 
 exhaustive work of Mr. W. D. Rich- 
 mond ( q . v.\ In the preface a generous 
 reference is, however, made to the pro- 
 ductions of previous writers on the sub- 
 ject ; not only to Senefelder, who so 
 
 Manutius (Aldus Pius). Paper 
 spective Miscellany , London : ] 
 
 In Notes and Queries, series i., vol. 
 v., p. 152, there is a communication rela- 
 tive to the inscription which Manutius 
 put over the door of his sanctum, and 
 which, perhaps, deserves to be quoted 
 here : “Whoever you are, Aldus earnestly 
 entreats you to despatch your business as 
 soon as possible, and then depart ; unless 
 you come hither, like another Hercules, 
 to lend him some friendly assistance ; for 
 here will be work sufficient to employ 
 you, and as many as enter this place.” 
 The inscription was afterwards adopted 
 for a similar purpose by the learned 
 Oporinus, printer of Basle . — See Didot, 
 “Aide Manuce.” 
 
 In Notes and Queries, series ii., vol. 
 ix., p. 104, are some remarks concerning 
 the origin of the celebrated device of the 
 dolphin and anchor, with a reference to 
 the various printers by whom it was used 
 after the death of Aldus Manutius. 
 
 Aldus Pius Manutius, better known 
 as Aldus the elder, was born in 1449 or 
 1450, at Sermonetta, near Velletri, in the 
 States of the Church. His baptismal 
 name was Theobaldo, the last two 
 syllables of which served him for a nom 
 de plume, -which was Latinized into Aldus, 
 with the affix of Manutius for his family 
 and sometimes of Romanus to indicate 
 his country. In addition to all these 
 names he afterwards assumed that of 
 
 carefully described the processes of the 
 art he had discovered, but to Engeimann 
 (1822), Houbloup (1825), Knecht and 
 Roissy (1832), and Tudot (1833). The 
 citation shows the comparatively greater 
 attention paid in France than in England 
 to a dissemination of the knowledge of 
 the art of lithography. 
 
 Pages 129-148 of the “second division ” 
 are occupied with a sketch of the history of 
 lithography. It is full of interesting facts, 
 especially relating to Senefelder’s life. 
 — See Bri£geaut, Desportes, Knecht, 
 Richmond, Senefelder, & c. 
 
 in the Bibliographical and Retro * 
 830, p. 160. 
 
 Pius, out of compliment to a pupil. He 
 died at Venice, on the 6th of February, 
 1514, of the Venetian style, which corre- 
 sponds to the 6th of February, 1515, of 
 our style. At the commencement of his 
 studies he was placed under an intelligent 
 schoolmaster, by whom he was taught to 
 repeat by rote the rhyming Latin gram- 
 mar of Villedieu — the only book of the 
 kind then in use. After finishing his 
 studies at Rome under two able preceptors, 
 he was sent to Ferrara, where he displayed 
 a taste for letters, and began to expound 
 publicly some of the best Latin and 
 Greek authors : a course which he con- 
 tinued for several years. A civil war that 
 broke out caused him to leave the city, 
 and he retired in 1482 to Mirandola, 
 where he received the hospitality of 
 several Italian families who had distin- 
 guished themselves as patrons of learning 
 and science. Through a friend he became 
 acquainted with Emmanuel Adramytte- 
 nos, of Crete, and devoted himself to the 
 study of the Greek language* and its 
 ancient literary monuments. In this 
 pursuit he displayed such zeal .that he 
 was called “ the Philhellenist,” a title 
 that was afterwards printed on his first 
 books. His friend and companion in 
 exile, Jean Pic, intrusted him with the 
 education of his sister’s son, the young 
 prince of Carpi, Alberto Pio, with whom 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 19 
 
20 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Aldus developed a friendship that was 
 never broken. To his pupil he dedicated 
 many of his books, and prefixed to them 
 many expressions of gratitude and re- 
 spect. Aldus now pursued with increasing 
 earnestness his Greek studies, and was 
 greatly assisted by the presence of a 
 number of learned refugees from the 
 East. He soon experienced the disad- 
 vantages arising from the paucity of 
 Greek editions, for the existing manu- 
 scripts could only be consulted by the 
 few. The only Greek books that had 
 hitherto been printed, in fact, proceeded 
 from the Italian press, and up to 1485 
 they only amounted in all to about a 
 dozen. He determined to remedy a state 
 of things so prejudicial to the study of 
 Greek literature, and conceived the project 
 of establishing a printing-office for the 
 reproduction of the best examples of 
 ancient Greek and Roman literature. 
 Venice was chosen as the place most 
 favourable for his enterprise, on account 
 of its constant correspondence with 
 Greece, its progress in the typographic 
 art, and the political freedom and liberty 
 of thought that it enjoyed. The family 
 of the Princes of Carpi furnished Aldus 
 with the means of starting his printing- 
 office, and he began printing near the 
 church of St. Augustine. In reproducing 
 the Greek authors he was assisted by 
 many of the illustrious Cretan refugees 
 who found in his office another home. 
 Greek, in short, was spoken in the office 
 as much as Latin was in that of the 
 Estiennes. In his books Aldus imitated 
 as closely as possible the existing manu- 
 scripts. He married the daughter of 
 Andrew Torresano d’Asola, the purchaser, 
 in 1479, of the printing-office of Nicolas 
 
 J enson, the celebrated engraver, who was 
 sent by Louis XI. to Mayence in 1458 to 
 discover the secrets of the new art of 
 printing. There is reason to believe that 
 Aldus was greatly assisted by this circum- 
 stance in the cutting of his new Greek 
 types, especially the cursive character. 
 
 The likeness of Aldus Manutius has 
 been preserved by the care of his grand- 
 son, who added it to several of his 
 editions. The portrait which we present 
 is reduced from an Italian line engraving 
 of great rarity in the possession of the 
 late M. Ambroise Firmin-Didot, who 
 published it in his monograph, “ Aide 
 Manuce et 1 ’Hellenisme a Venise” (1875), 
 and by whom it was kindly lent to us. 
 It agrees perfectly with the portraits 
 prefixed to several books from the Aldine 
 Press. At the side is the device of the 
 printer — a dolphin entwined round an 
 anchor, a design found on the obverse of 
 a medal of Vespasian and one of Domitian. 
 The great printer adopted the emblem as 
 a token of swiftness (the dolphin) in exe- 
 cution, combined with steadiness (the 
 anchor) in conception. The products of 
 the Aldine Press range in date between 
 1494 and 1515. The first of them were 
 issued without imprint or date. Didot’s 
 work supplies details of the subject of 
 each, — the circumstances under which it 
 was issued, the type with which it was 
 printed, and the patrons under whose 
 auspices it was undertaken. After twenty 
 years of typographical labour, Aldus died 
 in 1515, aged 67. In the church of 
 St. Augustine a slab of marble was set 
 up in 1828 with this inscription 
 
 Manucia gens erudita nem. ignota 
 
 Hoc loci arte typographica excelluit. 
 
 Manutius (Paulus). Epistolarum libri IIII. Ejusdem quae praefa- 
 tiones appellantur. Venetiis : 1560. 8vo. 
 
 Lettere di Paolo Manuzio, copiate sugli autograft esistenti 
 
 nella biblioteca Ambrosiana. Parigi : 1834. 8vo. 2 vignettes, 
 1 plate. 
 
 Contains many particulars of the 
 Aldine family. 
 
 Paul Manutius was the son of Aldus, 
 and born in 1512. Some say that he was 
 educated by Erasmus, but the statement 
 is challenged. At an early age he 
 manifested a great love for learning and 
 books, and laboured in various literary 
 enterprises with the most indefatigable 
 devotion. This excessive labour, com- 
 bined with a feeble constitution, soon 
 nearly killed him, and for a time he was 
 compelled to renounce- his studies. He 
 became remarkably well versed in the 
 
 Latin language, and his library contained 
 copies of all the Roman classics. Venice 
 was very proud of him, and the Car- 
 dinals Bembo and Bernardin Maffeo 
 especially becanje his patrons. At the 
 solicitation of Pius IV., he became head 
 of the Apostolic Printing Establishment, 
 the intention of the Pope (ultimately car- 
 ried out) in establishing which was the 
 publication of a complete collection of 
 the Fathers. Manutius was charged, 
 together with J. Poggianus _ and C. 
 Amalthee, to write, entirely in Latin, 
 the “Catechism of the Council of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 1 
 
 Trent.” For this purpose he went to of great eminence, continued his publica- 
 Rome in 1560, but left there to return to tions, which are catalogued in a work on 
 Venice in 1570. He died in 1572. His the Aldine Editions, by Renouard (q. v.). 
 son, Aide Manuce, a scholar and printer — See Didot. 
 
 Manzoni (Giuseppe). Annali tipografici Piemontesi del secolo XV. 
 Torino : 1856. Royal 8vo. Eight plates. 
 
 Annali tipografici Torinesi del secolo XV. Torino : 1863. 8vo. 
 
 Mappa (A. G.). Proeven van Letteren die gevonden worden in de 
 van Ouds beroemde Lettergieterij van wijlen de Heeren Voskens 
 en Clerk, nu van A. G. Mappa te Rotterdam, op de Leuve 
 Haven. Rotterdam, [n. d.] 8vo. 
 
 Epreuves de Caracteres dans la fonderie de feu MM. Voskens 
 
 et Clerk, presentement de A. G. Mappa. Rotterdam. 8vo. 
 
 The specimens, issued probably about 1780, are not very good : some of them 
 have Voskens’s name appended. The book is the same as that of Voskens & Clerk, 
 with some additions. 
 
 Marahrens (August). Alfabetische deutsche Sprachlehre. Leipzig : 
 1877. i6mo. pp. 66. 
 
 This brochure, which is intended for the use of compositors and readers, gives 
 information relative to the spelling and division of the foreign phrases current in 
 Germany, but is somewhat faulty. 
 
 Hulfsbuch fiir Herausgeber von Provinzial-Zeitungen. Ahrens- 
 
 burg. 
 
 Die Lehre vom Tabellensatz. Mit Beispielen. Ahrensburg. 
 
 Die Lehre vom Titelsatz. Leipzig : 1877. i6mo. pp. viii. 
 
 and 36. 
 
 A series of articles on the composition of title-pages. 
 
 Neues Formatbuch und Lehre vom Ausschiessen. Ahrensburg. 
 
 Vollstandiges theoretisch-praktisches Handbuch der Typo- 
 graphic nach ihrem heutigen Standpunkt. 2 vols. Leipzig : 1870. 
 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xii. and 548; vol. ii. , pp. xii. and 515. 
 
 The first volume treats of composition ; sian is given, but the work is disfigured 
 the second of press and machine work, as by many errors. It is, however, held in 
 well as paper and ink, printers’ book- great esteem by some printers, who re- 
 keeping, and the management of an gard it as the most thorough printer’s 
 office. A parallel list of technical terms grammar hitherto compiled, 
 in German, French, English, and Rus- 
 
 Vollstandiges Real-Lexicon der Buchdruckerkunst und der ihr 
 
 verwandten graphischen Kiinste und Gewerbe. Unter Mitwirkung 
 mehrerer Fachgenossen. Fulda : 1878. Large 8vo. in double 
 columns. 
 
 The work, which is in course of publication, will consist of about thirty or forty 
 parts. 
 
 — Haandbog i Bogtrykerkunsten, tildeels udarbeidet efter frem- 
 mede kilder, navnlig Aug. Marahren’s “ Handbuch der Typo- 
 graphic.” Kjobenhavn : 1872. 8vo. 
 
22 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Marcel (Jean Jacques). Alphabet arabe, turc, et persan, a l’usage 
 de rimprimerie orientale et franfaise. Alexandrie : 1798. 4to. 
 
 Alphabet irlandais, precede d’une notice historique, litteraire 
 
 et typographique. Paris : 1804. 8vo. pp. 104. 
 
 Exercices, etc. Alexandrie : 1798. 4to. 
 
 Oratio Dominica CL. linguis versa propriis ejusque linguae 
 
 characteribus expressa. Paris : 1805. 4to. 
 
 Specimens of the different type used in the Imprimerie Imperiale. J. J. Marcel 
 was at one time the director of the Imperial Printing Office, now the Imprimerie 
 Nationale (<7. v.), at Paris. 
 
 Marcenay de Ghuy. Idee de la Gravure. [1756.] i2mo. 
 
 Paris : 1764. 4to, pp. xvi. 10. 
 
 This essay was first published in the Mercure, of April, 1756, and separately 
 printed in i2mo., as above. 
 
 Marchal (J.). Rapport sur la machine a composer de M. Kasten- 
 bein. Nancy : 1878. 8vo. pp. 4. 
 
 The author is a working printer, and the composing-machine an accomplished 
 was one of several workmen delegated by fact ; but he adds, ‘ ‘ it can never be 
 the Departement de Meurthe-et-Moselle more than a machine. It can never read 
 to visit and report upon certain sections a good manuscript, much less decipher 
 of the International Exhibition held in a bad one ! ” 
 
 Paris in 1878. The writer pronounces 
 
 Marchand (Prosper). Histoire de l’origine et des premiers progres 
 de l’imprimerie. La Haye : 1740. 4to. First part, pp. xii. 
 and 1 18; second part, pp. 152, with allegorical frontispiece. 
 
 A manuscript exists in the Royal 
 Library at Brussels, on 653 leaves, tran- 
 scribed under the direction of Mercier, 
 Abbe de St. Leger, by J. B. Santerre, 
 to form a new edition of Marchand’s 
 history, but it was never printed. 
 
 This work is, from an historical, literary, 
 and typographic point of view, of high in- 
 terest. The frontispiece is a noble copper- 
 plate engraving, by J. V. Schley, dated 
 1739. The legend states that it repre- 
 sents “Printing, descending from hea- 
 ven, is attributed by Minerva and 
 Mercury to Germany.” Female figures 
 holding medallions of Caxton, Aldus 
 Manutius, Robert Stephens, and “Lau- 
 rent Koster,” represent respectively the 
 countries of England, Italy, France, and 
 Holland, which are stated to be “the 
 four first countries in which the art was 
 practised.” On the title-page is a neat 
 copperplate vignette of Printing, repre- 
 sented as a matron holding an ink-ball in 
 one hand and a composing-stick in the 
 other, in her immediate vicinity being a 
 printing-press and a letter -case. The 
 motto is. Rerum tutissima. custos. At 
 the commencement of the text is another 
 fine allegorical copperplate, with the in- 
 scription, “ La Fonderie dirigee par 
 
 Minerve, de meme que lTmprimerie.” 
 In the centre is Printing — a female 
 figure descending from the clouds, a 
 Cupid holding a medallion, on which are 
 the words, “Ars artium conservatrix. ” 
 The rest of the page displays Cupids 
 at work, type - founding, composing, 
 printing, &c. Interspersed throughout 
 the treatise are wood-cut representations 
 of the devices of some of the earliest 
 typographers. The second part has an 
 independent title-page, as follows : — 
 “ Histoire de lTmprimerie, seconde 
 partie, contenant diver ses pieces impor- 
 tantes pour la confirmation de la pre- 
 miere.” The book is excellently printed, 
 but the pages are overladen with cita- 
 tions of authorities. The notes, indeed, 
 constitute at least three-fourths of the 
 matter. In the preface the author states 
 that the Dissertation forms part of a series 
 of works on which he had been engaged 
 between 1715 and 1735, and that he had 
 detached this section for publication at 
 the solicitation of his friends, on the 
 occasion of the third jubilee of printing. 
 We have already given (s. v. Koster) 
 an outline of Marchand’s theory as to 
 the origines typographici ; one which in 
 so singular a manner combines error and 
 
23 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 fact, history and romance. A sequel, or 
 supplement, to the work was published 
 by M. Merrier (y. 
 
 Marchand, in his preface, complains 
 that the tardiness of the publication of his 
 book, “ Histoire de l’origine,” &c. } was 
 caused by the laziness and dissipation of 
 the printers, — “ an unfortunate delay 
 which compels me to make public com- 
 plaint a new confirmation of an 
 
 old complaint from men of letters of one 
 of the abuses of printing,” &c. 
 
 Prosper Marchand was a bookseller 
 and editor, to whom the literary world is 
 greatly indebted. He was probably a 
 native of Paris, and born towards the 
 conclusion of the seventeenth century. 
 He died in 1756, and left his library and 
 
 manuscripts to the University of Leyden. 
 He wrote, among other works, “ Le Dic- 
 tionnaire Historique, ou Memoires criti- 
 ques et littdrai res ” (2 vols. Paris: 1758. 
 Folio), the original manuscript of which 
 “ was all written upon little pieces of 
 paper of different sizes, some not bigger 
 than one’s thumb-nail, and written in a 
 character so exceeding small that it was 
 not legible to the naked eye. It has 
 been said this was the first book printed 
 by the help of a microscope.” — Watt. 
 It is, however, a work full of erudition, 
 although the style is criticised as not being 
 very pure. Marchand issued other 
 works, and contributed largely to dif- 
 ferent literary journals. 
 
 Marcolini (Francesco ). — See Casali. 
 
 Marder, Luse, & Co. Specimen of Printing Types, Borders, Brass 
 Rule, &c. Chicago Type-foundry. Chicago: 1874. Royal 4to. 
 
 This firm issues a quarterly specimen-sheet of type and ornaments, &c . — See 
 Periodical Publications. 
 
 Marechal (Henri). Comptes faits pour la confection des garnitures, 
 Paris : 1862. 8vo. 
 
 Shows in figures the different widths of the furniture wanted for the different sizes 
 of paper. 
 
 Marggraff (Aud.). Erinnerungen an A. Diirer und seinen Lehrer 
 Michael Wohlgemuth. Nuremberg : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Margraff (J. C.). Thranen der Liebe am Sarge seines sel. Vaters 
 Georg Michael (Buchdrucker in Jena). Jena : 1763. 4to. 
 
 Marinoni (Hippolyte). Decret du 2 Fevrier, 1875. (Decoration 
 de la Legion d’Honneur.) Liste des machines vendues. 
 
 The Echo Marinoni Printing Machine at the International 
 
 Exhibition. London : 1872. 32mo. pp. 24. 
 
 A small tract intended for distribution and gives, in addition to a sketch of 
 at the International Exhibition of London, printing by machinery, an account of the 
 .1872. It was issued by the firm of apparatus supplied by Marinoni for work - 
 Cassell, Petter, & Galpin, to whom the ing off the Echo. 
 
 Echo evening newspaper then belonged, 
 
 Machines a imprimer. Paris : 1870. 
 
 View of the Marinoni engineering 
 establishment, surrounded by printing 
 machines of different models, printed in 
 four colours. 
 
 M. Marinoni is a most distinguished 
 French printing engineer. He was born 
 in Paris in 1823, and at an early age was 
 apprenticed to an engineer, M. Gaveau. 
 In 1847 he assisted his employer in 
 making a rapid machine for printing 
 newspapers. He soon afterwards founded 
 
 a house, which, at first small, now employs 
 300 workmen in the construction of print- 
 ing machinery, and which of late years 
 has enjoyed a world-wide reputation. 
 His greatest feat was the construction of 
 a machine for printing Le Petit Journal 
 at the speed of 36,000 copies per hour, 
 and characterized by several remarkable 
 improvements. Previously the fastest 
 news-machines were those of Hoe, but 
 they were exceedingly costly to work, as 
 
24 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 the sheet being only printed on one side, 
 there was, of course, double laying-on. 
 M. Marinoni economized this by con- 
 triving to print both sides simultaneously. 
 He also provided, in the case of small 
 journals, for printing two complete 
 copies side by side, circular knives separ- 
 ating them automatically before delivery. 
 Involved in these advantages was the 
 not unimportant one of getting perfect 
 copies the moment the machine was 
 started. Since 1867, when the invention 
 was brought out, other great improve- 
 ments have been effected, especially in 
 regard to the arrangements for printing 
 
 from the endless roll of paper on the 
 rotary system. By this system M. Mari- 
 noni’s machine produces 40,000 copies 
 per hour. M. Marinoni was, on the 
 2nd of February, 1875, decorated with 
 the order of the Legion of Honour, for 
 “ the notable progress in printing made 
 by the improvements he has introduced 
 in the construction of typographic ma- 
 chines.” He has also received a great 
 many awards at different International 
 Exhibitions, and at Paris, in 1878, he 
 was the recipient of the only Grand Prix 
 and the highest recompense for printing 
 machinery. 
 
 Drama in 5 Aufziigen. 
 
 Marlow (F.), i. e. Wolfram. Gutenberg: 
 Leipzig : 1840. pp. ii. and 281. 
 
 Marnix (C. H. R.). Mentz or Haarlem? Johann Gensfleisch von 
 Gutenberg or Laurens Janszoon Koster? Eene bijdrage tot de 
 geschiedenis van de uitvinding der boekdrukkunst. ’sGravenhage : 
 1852. 8vo. pp. 48. 
 
 Marocco (Maurizio). Cenni sull’ origine e sui progressi dell’ arte 
 tipografica in Torino, dal 1474 al 1861. Turin : 1861. 8vo. 
 
 Marolles (Magne de). Recherches sur 1’ origine et le premier usage 
 des registres, des signatures, des reclames, et des chiffres de pages 
 
 dans les livres imprimes. Liege : 1782. 8vo. pp. 51. 
 
 2me edition augmentee avec des nouvelles observations. Paris : 
 1783. pp. 8. 
 
 “A small work of deep research on the subject. The invention of signatures he 
 attributes to Johannes de Colonia, at Venice, about the year 1474 .” — Watt 
 (Bibliotheca Britannica). 
 
 Marolles (Michel de), Abbe de Villeloin. Le Livre des Peintres et 
 
 des Graveurs. [Paris: 1677.] 4to. Nouvelle edition revue 
 
 par Georges Duplessis. Paris : 1855. i2mo. pp. ill. 
 
 Second edition, Paris : 1872, with new biographical, critical, 
 and other notes. 
 
 The Abb£ Marolles was in his day of the chalcographic art. M. Duplessis 
 a distinguished litterateur and collector has reprinted several of these in the 
 of prints. He wrote a number of poet- above little volume (which forms one of 
 ical eulogies on different engravers, the “ Bibliotheque Elzeverienne ”), along 
 painters, sculptors, &c., some of them with various prose pieces on the same 
 displaying great literary ability, and subject . — See Duplessis. 
 others a deep knowledge of the history 
 
 Marouze (P. H. de). Histoire de lTmprimerie. Paris : 1862. 8vo. 
 
 Marples (Josiah). Type-founders and Type-founding. A paper read 
 before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, 
 December nth, 1876. 8vo. pp. 19. 
 
 The author is one of the sons of Mr. their art, but the account of the pro- 
 David Marples, of Liverpool, well known cesses of type-founding is, although 
 as an excellent printer. The historical slight, sufficiently accurate, Mr. Mar- 
 part of the paper unfortunately bears pies having enjoyed the benefit of ap- 
 evidence of the great ignorance prevail- prenticeship at the Sheffield foundry of 
 ing up to the present time among printers Stephenson, Blake, & Co. 
 concerning the history and antiquities of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 25 
 
 Marques Typograpiiiques. — See Berjeau, Dibdin, Roth 
 Scholtz, and Sylvestre. 
 
 Marr, Gallie, & Co. Specimen of Types. London, Edinburgh, 
 and Dublin : 1843. Oblong. 
 
 Marr (James) & Co. Specimen of Printing Types. Edinburgh and 
 
 London : 1865. 8vo. 
 
 Marr Typefounding Company, 
 
 London and Edinburgh : 1874. 
 
 The establishment of Messrs. Marr & 
 Co., known as the Glasgow Letter 
 Foundry, was for many years regarded 
 as one of the foremost foundries in the 
 kingdom. The first type-founder, who 
 was not also a printer, in Scotland was 
 Alexander Wilson, Professor of Astro- 
 nomy in the Glasgow University, and 
 he was the originator, in T742, of what 
 afterwards became the Glasgow Foundry. 
 The types manufactured at this establish- 
 ment became in a short time so much 
 esteemed, both for book and newspaper 
 work, that many English printers pre- 
 ferred them to any others. On the 
 death of Mr. Wilson his sons succeeded 
 to the concern, and among other develop- 
 ments of the business due to them, was 
 the opening of a branch establishment in 
 London. A large block of buildings was 
 purchased in New Street, Gough Square, 
 and an extensive foundry erected in 1834 
 on the site. This was the first important 
 competition which the metropolitan foun- 
 ders experienced. In the following year 
 another establishment was set up at 
 Two-Waters, in Hertfordshire, in order 
 that the cheaper labour of the country 
 might be employed. Owing to a strike 
 that took place in 1837, the house in New 
 Street had to be closed. Driven to an 
 extremity, Messrs. Wilson began to de- 
 vise means for superseding the work of 
 the hand-casters, who had been the prin- 
 cipal cause of their disasters. They 
 called to their aid Mr. (now Sir H.) 
 Bessemer, whose father had been a type- 
 founder. The construction of an auto- 
 
 Limited. Specimen of Types. 
 Oblong. 
 
 matic machine was proceeded with in the 
 most secret manner, and over ,£2,000 
 was spent in one stage of the enterprise. 
 In the result, the firm, which had pre- 
 viously been so prosperous, became 
 bankrupt, in 1845, and the plant was sold 
 to Messrs. Marr & Co. The exact 
 amount expended in the attempt to make 
 a type-casting machine will never be 
 known, as the experiments were carried 
 on both in Scotland and England. Mr. 
 Bessemer ultimately produced a machine, 
 but one which turned out such imperfect 
 types, that it was speedily rejected. 
 Messrs. Marr then imported one of the 
 newly-introduced American machines, 
 but it was found to be little better than 
 Bessemer’s. The firm happened to have 
 an ingenious man in their employ as 
 foreman of the smithy, named James 
 Henry, and he was at last successful in 
 producing a practicable and satisfactory 
 apparatus. Subsequently this machine 
 was modified on the plans of a later 
 American invention, and in 1862 the 
 Marr foundry possessed an altogether 
 unrivalled plant for casting by machinery. 
 
 The sole proprietor of “ James Marr & 
 Co.” was Dr. James Marr, who died at 
 Edinburgh in 1866, from which time till 
 1874 the business was carried on by his 
 widow, from whom the present company 
 purchased the whole plant, stock, and 
 good-will. They have since removed the 
 foundry from New Street to Whiteford 
 House, Edinburgh, and established a 
 London warehouse at 15, Charterhouse 
 Street. 
 
 [Marsand (Abbe Ant.)] II fiore dell’ arte dell’ intaglio nelle stampe 
 con singolare studio, raccolte dal sig. Luigi Gaudio. Padoue : 
 1823. 4to. 
 
 Marseilles. — See Bory. 
 
 Marshall (David). Printing : an Account of its Invention, and of 
 W. Caxton, the first English printer. London : 1877. Impl. 8vo. 
 pp. 81. 
 
 Compiled for publication at the time of fact that, owing to special circumstances, 
 the Caxton Exhibition, but it was not it never got into circulation. It is sim- 
 issued until after its close. The brochure ply a rechauffe of the best-known facts 
 was printed in Paris, by A. Quantin from English and French books. 
 
 (<7. v.), and is scarce by reason of the 
 VOL. II. 
 
 E 
 
26 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Marsy (Cte. de). Bibliographic Compiegnoise. Compiegne : 1874. 
 8 vo. pp. 1 12. 
 
 140 copies printed ; of which 20 on laid paper and 20 on coloured. 
 
 Bibliographic Noyonnaise. Noyon : 1877. 8vo. pp. 57. 
 
 100 numbered copies printed ; Nos. 1 to 25 on tinted paper. 
 
 EXCV 
 
 ALOST : 1473. 
 
 Martens, or Mertens, or Martin d’ Alost (Thierry); Lat. 
 Theodoricus Martinus. 
 
 Two devices used by this printer are with the inscription, “ Theodo. Martin, 
 here represented. The first consists of excvdebat.” His motto was “In vino 
 the double anchor, the symbol of Hope, veritas.” Erasmus makes the following 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 27 
 
 allusion to the device in the epitaph he 
 wrote as a memorial of his friend : — 
 
 Hie Theodoricus jaceo, prognatus Alosto.: 
 Ars erat impressis scripta referre typis. 
 Fratribus, uxori, soboli, notisque 
 superstes, 
 
 Octavam vegetus prseterii decadem. 
 Anchora sacra manet, gratae notissima 
 pubi : 
 
 Christe ! precor nunc sis anchora sacra 
 mihi. 
 
 The second, which is much smaller, is in 
 two parts— one representing books in a win- 
 
 A'lartens became associated with the 
 latter in 1474, at Alost. He printed at 
 Antwerp in 1476, but from that date up 
 to 1487, when he returned to his native 
 place, nothing is known as to any of his 
 editions. Some authors have stated, on 
 very doubtful grounds, that between 
 1474 and 1513, Martens had presses at 
 work simultaneously in Alost, Antwerp, 
 and Louvain, where he was established 
 in the early part of the 16th Century. 
 Martens did not always print with the 
 same characters. In his first editions he 
 used the semi-Gothic style of John of 
 
 dow r , the other a Gothic apartment, with 
 the globe and cross, and the monogram 
 T. M. Both devices are very rude. 
 Martens was born at Alost, in Flanders, 
 in 1453, ard it has been asserted that he 
 was the first printer of Belgium. In July, 
 1856, the town of Alost erected a bronze 
 statue to him, as the introducer of printing 
 into Belgium. Like other claims of a 
 similar kind, however, his title to this 
 honour has been justly disputed, and to 
 John of Westphalia the credit is due. 
 
 Westphalia; in 1476, he employed the 
 German Gothic ; in 1487, he used the 
 types of Gerard Leeu ; and in the 16th 
 century he employed the Roman letters. 
 He died 28th May, 1534. Martens, 
 however, will always be held in remem- 
 brance for the excellence of the produc- 
 tions of his press. He was also distin- 
 guished as a scholar, and was the friend 
 of Barland and Erasmus. He wrote 
 several works, which are cited by 
 Marchand. 
 
 See Gand ; Holtrop ; Iseghem. 
 
 Marthens (John F.). Typographical Bibliography : a List of Books 
 in the English Language on Printing and its Accessories. Pitts- 
 burgh : 1875. Sm. 4to. pp. 43. 
 
 250 copies printed, of only which 50 
 were for sale. 
 
 The first separately issued bibliography 
 of works on printing in the English 
 language. It is remarkably complete, 
 considering the distance at which the 
 author resides from the birthplace of the 
 books he enumerates and the sources of 
 information concerning them. In the 
 usual sense of the term, however, this 
 compilation can hardly be regarded as a 
 bibliography, as the collation is not given, 
 and there are no annotations concerning 
 
 editions, authorship, &c. The work is 
 dedicated to Theo. L. de Vinne, of 
 New York, “who has made every printer 
 a debtor to his erudition and practical 
 knowledge of the art.” The author says 
 that ‘ ‘ none can be more surprised than 
 the writer at the number of works on the 
 subject which have thus far appeared” ; 
 yet hardly a tithe merely of the English 
 books (for all others are excluded) named 
 in our Bibliography are given. 
 
 Mr. J. F. Marthens is the editor of a 
 technical journal published at Pittsburgh, 
 
28 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 called The Quadrat (see Periodical 
 Publications), to which he has con- 
 tributed a large number of interesting 
 articles on the history and practice of 
 printing. He is also an ardent collector 
 of works relating to printing. 
 
 Mr. Marthens’s life, he tells us, has 
 been one of few adventures, with plenty 
 of work and little recreation. He was 
 born in Pittsburgh on the 23rd August, 
 1830, and went to the printing trade at 
 the early age of 11$ years, at which he 
 has worked ever since, in the various 
 capacities of compositor on daily and 
 weekly newspapers, and on book and 
 jobbing work, as proof-reader, foreman, 
 and proprietor ; and since the commence- 
 
 ment of The Quadrat he has had the 
 entire editorial management of that 
 journal. He has never worked at the 
 business elsewhere than in his native 
 city, where his father was a printer 
 before him, and, in 1828, published the 
 Western ’Journal newspaper. Mr. 
 Marthens is a seventh son, five of his 
 six elder brothers, who are all living, 
 having at some time of their life worked 
 at the printing trade. The eldest has 
 been in the Harper establishment at 
 New York for forty years. Mr. Mar- 
 thens’s eldest son, Aldus, is also a printer. 
 It will thus be seen that the Marthens 
 family has been well represented in the 
 art. 
 
 Martial (A. P. ). Nouveau traite de la Gravure a l’eau forte, pour 
 les peintres et les dessinateurs. Paris : 1873. 8vo. pp. xxiii. 59. 
 With 13 engravings. 
 
 ' Martin (A.). Repertorium der Galvanoplastik und Galvanostypie, 
 oder der Metalldruck auf nassem Wege in dicken und diinnen 
 Schichten. Vienna : 1856. 8vo. 2 vols. Vol. i., pp. vi. 298. 
 Vol. ii. , pp. iv. 202. 
 
 Though this work was published nearly twenty-five years ago, its contents are 
 still most valuable. 
 
 Martin (B.). Typographia Naturalis ; or, the Art of Printing, or 
 taking impressions from Natural Subjects. 1772. 8vo. 
 
 This very early treatise on the art of nature printing is deserving of notice, if only 
 for curiosity. Mr. Bradbury, who claimed the invention of the process, introduced 
 it in London in 1855, and Mr. Auer, of Vienna, printed an account of it in 1854. — 
 See Auer (A.). 
 
 Martin (H.) & Co. Proeve van eenige nieuwe letteren uit de 
 drukkerij van Martin & Co. Amsterdam : 1829. 4to. 
 
 Martin (John), F.L.S. A Bibliographical Catalogue of Books 
 privately printed, including those of the Bannatyne, Maitland, 
 and Roxburghe Clubs, and of the private presses at Darlington, 
 Auchinlech, Lee Priory, Newcastle, Middle Hill, and Strawberry 
 Hill. London : 1834. 8vo. Engraved frontispiece, pp. xiv. 
 
 and 563. Vol. i. of a second edition was published in 1854. 
 
 Large 8vo. pp. xxv. and 593. 
 
 Only 200 copies of the first edition were printed, of which 50 were on large paper. 
 The most complete catalogue of the books that have been issued from private 
 presses. 
 
 [Martin (L. H. )] Rehabilitation d’Estienne Dolet, celebre imprimeur 
 a Lyon, brule a Paris le 3 Aout, 1546. Paris : 1830. i2mo. 
 
 Martin (M.). Les origines de l’alphabet. Paris: 1859. 8vo. 
 
 Interesting to the printer as indicating the gradual evolution- of our present 
 standard forms of letters. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 29 
 
 paris : 1555. 
 
 Martin le Jeune. 
 
 This printer lived in Paris, near the college of Cambray, at the sign of St. Christoph. 
 The emblem is that of the brazen serpent, symbolic of the Redemption, and repeat- 
 edly used as a device by the early printers, especially of religious books. 
 
 Martini (C. G.).—See Huber. 
 
 Maschinen-Fabrik Augsburg. Beschreibung der Ausstellungs- 
 Gegenstande auf der Weltausstellung in Wien, 1873. Folio, 
 pp. 8. Page 6 : Steam printing-machines produced to 1st May, 
 1873, and price current. 
 
 Printed at the Vienna Exhibition, to show the capabilities of a machine for paper 
 in rolls. 
 
 Mason (William). Price-book for Job-work. London : 1821. 
 
 The Printer’s Assistant : containing a sketch of the history 
 
 of Printing, an essay on punctuation, various typographical 
 tables, select schemes of difficult impositions, the Greek and 
 Hebrew alphabets, scale of prices for compositors and press- 
 men, advice to young men commencing business, abstracts of 
 Acts relative to printers, present price of materials, and a list of 
 masters, letter-founders, printers’ smiths and joiners, ink-makers, 
 wood-engravers, type-cutters, &c. Third edition. London : 1814. 
 8vo. pp. 32. Fourth edition. London: [1823.] 8vo. 
 
 This little work is somewhat scarce. 
 The “ Sketch of the History of Printing ” 
 is almost ludicrously inaccurate, consider- 
 ing that at the time of publication several 
 trustworthy books on the subject had been 
 issued. The practical part is, however, 
 well done, and it comprises much in- 
 formation of great use to the printer. 
 The most valuable now of all the con- 
 tents, however, are those that at the 
 time of publication may have appeared 
 of secondary importance ; such as the 
 list of names of master-printers, type- 
 founders and others, at the end, and of 
 prices at the beginning. In regard to 
 type, brevier, which may now be had at 
 is. per lb., then cost 4s. 6d. ; minion was 
 
 5s. 6d. ; nonpareil, 7s. 6d. The word 
 “leads” is not used, but the price of 
 “ space-lines,” six-to-pica, was 2s. 4d. 
 per lb. A Stanhope press cost £60 ; a 
 “one-pull press, with iron platten,” that 
 is a wooden press, was .£50. Type-cases 
 were 12s. per pair ; printers’ candlesticks 
 for press, 18s. ; pelts, double, 16s. 6d. 
 per dozen ; a lye-brush, 10s. 6d. The 
 author is described as a printer and 
 an appraiser and auctioneer, his place ot 
 business being No. 21, Clerkenwell 
 Green. There is a wrapper attached to 
 the copy in our possession purporting to 
 belong to the “second edition” of the 
 book, but the date, 1814, is the same as 
 that on the title-page of the third edition. 
 
30 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Massey (W. ). Origin and Progress of Letters. London: 1763. 8vo. 
 
 This work finds a place in our Biblio- “ Encyclopaedia Metropolitana ” by the 
 graphy for the reason that it shows the Rev. R. Garnett, father of Mr. R. Gar- 
 origin of the present styles of letters. We nett, Superintendent of the Reading- 
 may mention that a valuable article on room at the British Museum and a well- 
 the same subject was contributed to the known bibliographical writer. 
 
 Massmann (II. F.). Literatur der Todlentanze. Beitragzur Jubelfeier 
 der Buchdruckerkunst. Leipzig : 1840. Large 8vo. pp. 135, 
 and 4 tables. 
 
 Die Xylographa der koniglichen Hof- und Staats-Bibliothek 
 
 sowie der kon. Universitats-Bibliothek in Miinchen. Leipzig: 
 1841. 8vo. pp. 40. 2 plates. 
 
 Masson (Georges). Les arts graphiques a l’Exposition de Vienne, 
 1 873 (Groupe xii.) : imprimerie et librairie, lithographic, 
 
 gravure en taille-douce, sur bois, &c. Paris : 1875. 8vo. 
 pp. 140, 2 leaves. 
 
 Reprint of the report published by the “Commission superieure.” 
 
 Matabon (Hippolyte H.). Discours de reception, prononce dans la 
 seance publique du 23 Janvier, 1876. Marseilles : 1876. 8vo. 
 
 PP- 15 - 
 
 An address on Typography, especially 
 that of the south-west of France, deli- 
 vered before the “Academie des Sciences, 
 Belles-lettres, et Arts de Marseille.” The 
 reply of the Abbe Aoust, president, is 
 appended. 
 
 H. Hippolyte Matabon is a native of 
 Marseilles, born February 2nd, 1823. His 
 father was a smith. At the age of thir- 
 teen young Matabon was apprenticed to 
 a printer in Marseilles ; subsequently he 
 became overseer at the office of Cayer & 
 Co., of the same city. As an apprentice 
 compositor he had but few opportunities 
 of schooling. The proofs he used to 
 have to take home were his principal aids 
 
 to study ; in them were once contained 
 poems which stirred his emulation and 
 fired his muse. His verses being flatter- 
 ingly received, the poet was encouraged 
 to contribute to the local papers, and 
 compete in local gatherings of all sorts. 
 
 In 1875 he collected his poems in a 
 volume, under the title of “Apres la 
 journee.” The book being favourably 
 received, the author ventured to send it 
 for approval to the Academy, and had 
 the scarcely expected pleasure of seeing 
 it crowned, a prize of accompanying 
 the award. M. Patin, who adjudicated 
 on the work, made a feeling speech in 
 its praise. 
 
 [Mathieu (Ad.)] Notice sur H. Hoyois, imprimeur libraire a Mons. 
 Mons : (1840) 8vo. 
 
 Mathijsen (Jacobus Johannes). Verzameling van Voorbeelden 
 uitmakende een Letterzetters-formaatboelc. Middelburg : 1818. 
 Oblong 4to. 100 leaves. 
 
 Showing the imposition of forms of various sizes, from i28mo. to folio. 
 
 Matthews (W. F.). The Stationer’s and Printer’s Chart: a series 
 of Diagrams representing sizes and subdivisions of all sizes of 
 Writing and Printing Papers. Single sheet, and royal folio 
 pamphlet. Dublin : 1867. 
 
 A diagram so arranged as to present a synopsis of the various sizes of paper, 
 with the object of facilitating estimates and preventing waste. An accompanying 
 pamphlet explains its applications. 
 
3i 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Maugerard (Dom. J. B.). Memoire Id h la seance du 24 Avril, 
 1789, de la Societe Royale, sur la decouverte d’un exemplaire de 
 la Bible connue sous le nom de Guttemberg, accompagnee des 
 renseignements qui prouvent que l’impression de cette Bible 
 est anterieur d celle du Psautier de 1457. Metz : 1789. i2mo. 
 
 J. B. Maugerard, an ex-Benedictine Terence, printed without date, name of 
 priest, of the college of St. Arnould, at place or printer, in the 15th century ; 
 Metz, was a distinguished bibliographer, also on account of a bibliographical 
 He has been severely criticised, however, notice inserted in the same journal, 
 by the Abbe Rive, on account of a letter March, 1788, of a book printed by Ulric 
 inserted in the Journal E ncyclopedique, Zell, at Hanau, about the end of 1468. 
 
 26 October, 1787, describing an edition of 
 
 Maulde, Alfred, & Wibart (successeurs de E. Durand). Con- 
 struction des machines — presses typographiques. Prix-courant 
 avec gravures. Paris : 1862. Large 4to. pp. 12. 
 
 Maulde, Giebel, & Wibart, constructeurs de machines a Paris. 
 Presses lithographiques, presses typographiques, machines a 
 journaux. Paris: 1872. Oblong folio. 24 leaves with engravings. 
 Maurel (F. ). L’Imprimerie au Japon. Paris: 1872. 4to. Pages 
 143-153 in “Memoires de l’Athenee oriental,” session de 1872. 
 
 An account of the native press of Japan. 
 
 Mayence. — See Gedenkbuch (Gutenberg-Denkmals), Gutenberg, 
 Kuntz, Laborde, Madden, Marnix, Megerlinus, Wetter, 
 Wurdtwein, and Zapf. 
 
 Mayhew (Henry). The Shops and Companies of London, and the 
 Trades and Manufactures of Great Britain. London : 1865-66. 4to. 
 
 In parts viii. and ix. (pp. 241-299) are full and carefully-written descriptions of 
 the type-foundry of Messrs. James Marr & Co., Edinburgh and London, and of 
 Conisbee’s printing-machine manufactory, Southwark. 
 
 — Young Benjamin Franklin; showing the Principles which 
 
 raised a Printer’s Boy to First Ambassador of the American 
 Republic. With illustrations by John Gilbert. 5th thousand. 
 London : [1870] 8vo. 
 
 Mayne (Samuel). Office Legends : an Address delivered to the 
 Law Times Office Chapel, Saturday, June 17, 1854, at the Bald- 
 faced Stag, Woodford. London : 1854. i6mo. pp. 15. 
 
 This is a characteristic specimen of “I cease, for fear, like King Canute of 
 printing-office poetry, its author being a old 
 
 compositor; and the occasion of his in- (You all have heard the tale by History 
 spiration the annual or “ wayz-goose ” told), 
 
 dinner of the office in which he worked. Some one should rise on me to try his 
 The poem is full of local and personal skill, 
 
 allusions, and concludes thus : — And once more bid the risen Mayne ‘ Be 
 
 still !'” 
 
 Mayr (Ludw. W. Ch.). Der Prozess Fusts gegen Gutenberg im 
 Jahre 1455. Miinchen : 1858. 8vo. pp. 24. 
 
 Forms part of a yet unpublished history of printing. 
 
 Mazzucotelli (Ant.). L’arte del Guttemberg, ossia la Stampa 
 Opera utile ad ogni ceto e precipuamente alia gioventu studiosa. 
 Torino : 1863. 8vo. pp. viii. 295. 
 
32 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Meadows (Robert Mitchell). Three Lectures on Engraving, delivered 
 at the Surrey Institution in 1809. London: 1811. 8vo. With 
 a preface by J. H. 
 
 A posthumous work of the author. 
 
 Meaume (Edouard). Recherches sur la vie et les ouvrages de 
 Jacques Callot, suite au peintre-graveur fran5ais de R. Dumes- 
 nil. 2 vols. Nancy : i860. 8vo. 
 
 Recherches sur la vie et les ouvrages de Claude Drevet, 
 
 peintre et graveur, Lorrain. Nancy : 1853. 8vo. 
 
 Recherches sur quelques artistes Lorrains— Claude Henriet, 
 
 Israel Henriet, Israel Silvestre, et ses descendants. Nancy : 
 1853. 8vo. 
 
 Mecklenburg.—^ Lisch ; Weichmann. 
 
 Medals . — See Blades and Roth Scholtz. 
 
 Meerman (Baron Gerard). Conspectus Originum Typographicarum a 
 Meermanno proxime in lucem edendarum. In usum amicorum 
 typis descriptus. [Amsterdam]: 1761. 8vo. pp. 88. 
 
 Rare. Privately printed, as the prospectus of the “ Origines,” 1765. A French 
 translation, by the Abbe Gouget, was published, with the following title : — 
 
 Plan du Traite des Origines typographiques. Traduit du Latin 
 
 en Frangois. Paris : 1762. 8vo. pp. viii. 125. 
 
 Origines typographicse, cum fig. yEneis. 2 vols. Hagse 
 
 , Parisns, Londini : 
 
 The title-page begins with the follow- 
 ing : “ Ger. Meerman, olim reipublicae 
 Roterodamensis consiliarii et syndici, 
 Origines,” &c. The work was published at 
 the Hague, in two handsome quarto vol- 
 umes, with two portraits and ten facsimiles 
 of early-printed work. “It secured its 
 author a very general and rather splendid 
 reputation, till the hypothesis advanced 
 therein, concerning Laurence Coster, was 
 refuted by Heinecken .” — Dibdin (Biblio- 
 mania). 
 
 “A work held in high estimation by 
 bibliographers. 1 1 is illustrated by twelve 
 engravings, and the typography most 
 excellently executed. It is now of rare 
 occurrence, and bears a high price.”— 
 W att (Bibliotheca Britannica). 
 
 Meerman very diligently consulted all 
 the German, Spanish, Italian, French, 
 English, Swiss, and Dutch authors who 
 treated of typography, with the object of 
 substantiating his theory. He was also 
 in communication with eminent scholars 
 in those countries, and obtained the 
 benefit of their researches and advice. 
 He had access to all the best libraries, 
 public and private, and travelled in Eng- 
 
 1765. 4to. With plates. 
 
 land, France, and Germany, to increase 
 his knowledge of the subject. His work 
 is noteworthy for the ingenious and happy 
 manner in which he renders technical 
 terms into the Latin language, in which 
 the whole book is written. The ten 
 fac-similes are executed with great 
 care, are very curious, and give a 
 good idea of the types used by the prin- 
 ters to whom he makes reference. The 
 following is a list of them : — 
 
 Tabula I. Ectypon Horarii Laureatiani. 
 
 ,, II. Fragmenta Donati Harlemen- 
 sis, charactere raajori. 
 
 „ III. Primum folium figuratum, e 
 
 speculo humanae salutis 
 belgico ; editionis principis, 
 a Laurentio typographo 
 vulgatae. 
 
 ,, IV. Ectypus Donati Harlemensis, 
 char, minori. 
 
 ,, V. Specimini speculi latini primae 
 editionis. 
 
 ,, VI. Specimen typi speculi latini 
 
 secundae editionis. Typus 
 speculi belgici secundae 
 editionis. Typus folii sin- 
 gularis ex eodem opere. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 33 
 
 Tabula VI. ^Specimen' tertii havlemensis 
 donati. 
 
 ,, VII. Specimina ultimarum officinae 
 Laurentianae impressionum. 
 
 ,, VIII. Specimina aliquot primarum 
 impressionum e schola Mar- 
 timana. 
 
 ,, IX. Specimina characteris fixi 
 officinae Laurentianae, ex- 
 erpta ex opere inscripto 
 Ars moriendi, et ex figuris 
 
 cantici canticorum. Speci- 
 men impressionis Olrica 
 Zell, anni 1467. 
 
 These plates, although of course repre- 
 senting books certainly never printed by 
 Koster, are of high interest as fac-similes 
 of very early typography. Analysis of 
 this work was drawn up by Bowyer, and 
 published in “ The Origin of Printing” 
 
 Meerman (Baron Gerard). Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst getrokken 
 uit het latijnsch werk, met eene voorredeft,en aanteekeningen van 
 H. Gockinga ; hierachter is gevoegt eene Lijst der boeken in de 
 Nederlanden gedrukt voor ’t jaar MD. opgestelt door Jakob Visser. 
 Amsterdam : 1767. 4to. 8 preliminary leaves ; pp. 1 17 ; 2 leaves ; 
 pp. 67, and portrait of Koster. 
 
 An interleaved copy, annotated in manuscript, is contained in the British Museum. 
 
 De l’lnvention de lTmprimerie, ou Analyse des deux ouvrages 
 
 publies sur cette matiere, par M. Meerman [with notes by H. 
 Gockinga and C. P. Goujet] suivi d’une notice chronologique et 
 raisonnee des livres avec et sans date, imprimes avant l’annee 1501, 
 dans les dix-sept provinces des Pays-Bas, par Jacques Visser, 
 et augmente d’environ deux cents articles par l’editeur [H. Jan- 
 sen]. Paris : 1809. 8vo. pp. xxiv. 392, with 1 plate. 
 
 A very useful French reprint of Meerman’s work, with valuable notes, and a 
 catalogue of books published in the Low Countries during the 15th century. 
 
 Account of the Origin of Printing, with Remarks. See Mid- 
 dleton (C.), “The Origin of Printing, &c.” 1776. 8vo. 
 
 Descriptio libri rarissimi circa ipsa typography incunabula 
 
 impressi et a se nuper inventi. In Hamburgische vermischte 
 Bibliothek , vol. ii. pp. 81-87. Hamburg : 1744. 8vo. 
 
 An account, by Meerman, of his copy of the “ Spieghel onser behoudenisse.’’ 
 
 - See Bowyer (W.) ; Ducarel ; Jansen; Koster; Mid- 
 dleton ; Porthmann ; et passim. 
 
 Baron Gerard Meerman, a learned 
 Dutch writer, was born at Leyden, in 
 1722, and died at Aix-la-Chapelle, 15th 
 December, .1771. Descended from an 
 ancient family, who had, in the 16th cen- 
 tury, changed their name from De 
 Vlieger to that of Meerman, he studied 
 when very young mathematics and poli- 
 tical economy, his first work being issued 
 in 1742. Having ascertained that there 
 were many authorities on international 
 law in the different countries of Europe 
 that were not to be obtained in Holland, 
 he made various extensive journeys for 
 the purpose of studying them. On his 
 return, in 1748, he was named “ Con- 
 seiller Pensionnaire ” for the second, and 
 subsequently for the first, syndicate of 
 VOL. II. 
 
 the City of Rotterdam. The arduous 
 duties of this office did not prevent him 
 from compiling several books full of 
 learning and research, the result of his 
 different travels. In 1751, he commenced 
 the publication of the “ Novus Thesaurus 
 Juris Civilis etCanonici ” (La Haye, 1751- 
 53, 7 vols. folio), a work of vast dimen- 
 sions. For many years he was occupied 
 with researches on the history of printing. 
 He first published the prospectus, or 
 “ Conspectus originum typographica- 
 rum,” noted above. This is very scarce, 
 as the author printed only a few copies ; 
 it is, however, in demand with collectors, 
 as containing some things which he did 
 not insert in the work itself. The Abbe 
 Gouget published a French translation, 
 
34 
 
 Bibliography 
 
 with some additions, in 1762. This 
 prospectus was followed by the work 
 itself, the “ Origines Typographicae.” We 
 have already given ( sub voce Koster) a 
 statement of his theory, and the relation 
 of his writings to the controversy as to the 
 invention of printing. It is interesting 
 to read on this subject the letter which 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 derived from a comparison of the portraits. 
 We admit that the same argument holds 
 good of portraits of Gutenberg, none of 
 which are genuine ; and there are por- 
 traits of Mary Queen of Scots, all 
 genuine, which differ quite as much. 
 The earliest representation of the alleged 
 Dutch inventor of printing was that of 
 
 MEERMAN’S “ PORTRAIT OF KOSTER.” 
 
 Meerman himself wrote to the historian 
 Jean Wagenaar, in Dutch, 12th October, 
 1757 (page 108 of “Vie de Wagenaar,” 
 Amsterdam : 1776. 8vo.). We now extract 
 from the “ Origines ” Meerman’s portrait 
 of Laurens Janszoon Koster. As our read- 
 ers are probably aware, one of the evi- 
 dences of the falsity of the Koster legend is 
 Scriverius, which we have copied from 
 
 Moxon (, q . v.). Hansard’s copy of the 
 same portrait will be found at page 403 
 of vol. i. of this Bibliography. In 1630 
 a new portrait was published by Adrien 
 Rooman ; afterwards Jacob van Campen 
 made another. Meerman produced a new 
 likeness, and claimed for it a superior 
 truthfulness. It has since been asserted 
 that it was copied from the engraved head 
 
35 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 of Sir Thomas More, of England. Van 
 der Linde, however, says that it closely 
 resembles the engraved portrait of a once 
 celebrated inquisitor — one Ricard Tapper, 
 of Enkhuizen, by Nicolas de Larmessin, 
 inserted in vol. ii. of the “ Bibliotheca 
 Belgica,” of Foppens. The Koster of 
 Scriverius and the Koster of Meerman are, 
 obviously, entirely different men. The 
 researches of Meerman into the history 
 of printing led him to make inquiries 
 into the origin of paper made from linen 
 rags. After, as he considered, having 
 solved the problem, he organized a con- 
 ference on the subject, and offered a 
 prize of 25 ducats to the author who 
 would give the most satisfactory reply, to 
 his theories. (See “ Nova Acta Erudi- 
 torum public.” Leipzig, Sept., 1761.) 
 The prize was adjudged by the Aca- 
 demy of Gottingen to a Spaniard, G. 
 Mayans. The correspondence that arose 
 on this subject was published by J. Van 
 Vaasen (G. Meermanni et doctorum 
 virorum ad eum Epistolte de chartae 
 lineae origine. La Haye : 1767. 8vo.) 
 
 Meerman was aided in his various re- 
 searches by the possession of an immense 
 library, which was increased near the 
 
 close of his life by the purchase of all 
 the manuscripts belonging to the Jesuits 
 of Paris. Louis XL having insisted 
 upon the return of all the works bearing 
 upon the history of France, Meerman 
 relinquished them, and was in conse- 
 quence rewarded with the Order of St. 
 Michael. In 1766, owing to ill-health, 
 he retired from his position as Pension- 
 naire of Rotterdam, and accepted the 
 office of Councillor to the high tribunal 
 of Venerie, an employment which re- 
 quired his residence at the Hague. He 
 proposed to publish, with the learned 
 Van Wyn, a collection of inedited pieces, 
 under the title of “ Analecta Belgica,” 
 and was engaged on other works of an 
 historical and literary character. He 
 intended to publish, as a sequel to his 
 “ Origines Typographicae,” a work tobi 
 called “ Antiquitates Typographicae M o- 
 guntiacae,” but death frustrated his de- 
 sign. (See Saxii Onomasticon, vii. , 42-45 ; 
 De Felice, Encyclopedic, supp. vi. p. 797 ; 
 Yverdon, 1776, 4to.) Meerman had 
 
 one son, John, born 1753, died 1815, who 
 was a prolific contributor to the literature 
 of Holland. 
 
 Meersch (D. J. van der). Audenaerdsche drukpers, 1479-1830. 
 Audenaerde : 1864. 8vo. pp. iii. and 222, with portrait and cuts 
 of printers’ marks. 
 
 Meersch (P. C. van der). Gerard Leeu, imprimeur a Gouda et a 
 Anvers de 1477-93. 2 parts. Gand : 1845. 8vo. 
 
 Recherches sur la Vie et les Travaux de Pierre de Keysere, 
 
 imprimeur a Paris de 1473-1479. Gand : 1846. 8vo. 
 
 Recherches sur la Vie et les Travaux des Imprimeurs Beiges et 
 
 Neerlandais, etablis a l’etranger, et sur la part qu’ils ont pris a la 
 regeneration litteraire de l’Europe au I5 e siecle ; precedees d’une 
 introduction historique sur la decouverte de rirnprimerie et sur la 
 propagation de cet art en Belgique et en Hollande. Tome i. 
 Gand : 1856. 8vo. With facsimiles. 
 
 The work was left uncompleted. 
 
 Recherches sur la Vie et les Travaux de quelques imprimeurs 
 
 Beiges etablies a l’etranger, pendant les XV e et XVI e siecles. 
 3 parts. Gand : 1844. 8vo. 
 
 I. Gerard de Lisa de Flandria, imprimeur a Trevise, Vicense, Venise, Friuli et 
 Udine de 1471-1499. pp. 120. II. Antonius Mathias d’Anvers. III. Arnoldus 
 de Bruxella. 
 
 Un mot sur la question de l’invention de l’lmprimerie a propos 
 
 de l’essai historique et critique sur l’invention de l’lmprimerie par 
 M. Ch. Paeille. Gand : i860. 8vo. 
 
 Megerlinus (D. F.). Annus Bibliorum, 1450, primo impressorum 
 Moguntiae, Tertium Jubilaris, hoc anno 1750. Francofurti : 1750. 
 Small 4to. 
 
36 Bibliography of Pri?iting. 
 
 Mele (Carlo). Degli odierni uffici della Tipografia e dei libri ; dis- 
 corso pratico ed economico. Napoli : 1834. i6mo. 
 
 Melzer (C. P.). Ihrem hocliverehrten Principale Herrn Carl 
 Philipp Melzer zur 25jahrigen Jubelfeier der Griindung seines 
 Geschafts hochachtungsvoll gewidmet von den Mitgliedern seiner 
 Buchdruckerei u. Schriftgiesserei. Leipzig : 16 May, 1841. Fol. 
 
 MEmoire sur le retablissement de la communaute des imprimeurs de 
 Pans. 1806. 8 vo. 
 
 M£moire sur les vexations qu’exercent les libraires et imprimeurs de 
 Paris. [Paris : 1720.] Folio, pp. 16. 
 
 The memoir is attributed to the Abbe Laur. Plondel, and was to have been 
 followed by a second. It is very rare. 
 
 Mencken (Frid. Ott.). Librorum haud ita diu ab inventa arte 
 typographic editorum, quibus supplesi possint Annales typo- 
 graphic! Maittairiani. Decades VI. 
 
 In the Miscell. Lipsins. novis — vol. vi. part i. pp. 114-162 ; part ii. pp. 308-350 ; 
 part iii. p. 524-576 ; part iv. pp. 695-728. Vol. xii. part i. pp. 137-182. 
 
 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (F.). Festgesang zur Eroffnung der am 
 ersten Tage der 4. Sakularfeier der Erfindung der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst auf dem Markte zu Leipzig statt findeten Feierlichkeiten. 
 Fur Mannerchor und Orchester. Leipzig : 1840. 
 
 No. 1. Choral : Begeht mit heil’gem ; 2. Lied : Vaterland in einen Gauen ; 
 3. Der Herr sprach : Es werde Licht ; 4. Choral : Heil ihm ! Heil ihm ! 
 
 Fest-Gesang fiir Mannerchor componirt zur Eroffnung der am 
 
 ersten Tage der Sacularfeier der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst 
 auf dem Markt zu Leipzig stattfindenden Feierlichkeiten. 
 Klavier-Auszug. Leipzig : [1840]. 4to. 
 
 Two musical compositions written for Dr. Grossman preached a sermon from 
 the great Leipsic typographical celebra- the text “ There was a man sent from 
 tion of June 24, 1840. On that occasion God, whose name was John.” A pro- 
 deputations arrived from almost every cession was then made to the market- 
 place in Germany where a press was place, a body of printers following with 
 established. About 3,000 persons con- a grand trophy — four compositors bearing 
 nected with printing assembled and on a stand the great Bible of 1450. The 
 walked through the streets in procession, members of four musical societies also 
 Services were held in the churches, and took part in the proceedings, to corn- 
 thanksgivings made to the Almighty for memorate which five medals were struck, 
 the discovery of the art of printing. — See Leipzig. 
 
 Mendez (Fray Francisco). Typographia Espanola, 6 Historia de la 
 Introduccion, Propagacion, y Progresos del Arte de la Imprenta en 
 Espana. A la que antecede una Noticia general sobre la Imprenta 
 de la Europa, y de la China ; adornado todo con Notas instructivas 
 
 y curiosas. Tomo i. Madrid : 1796. 4to. pp. xviii., 427. 
 
 Segunda edicion, corregida y arlicionada por Don Dionisio 
 Hidalgo. Madrid: 1861. Royal 8vo. pp. xiv. 436, and folding 
 table. Coloured plate. 
 
 This is still a most esteemed work on Spanish typography. The manuscript of 
 the second volume was lost, and consequently never published. 
 
37 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 MENNANDER (Carl Fred.). Tal om Bockhandelen i swerige, hallet 
 infor kongl. wctenskaps academien vid praesidli nedlaggande. 
 Maje: 1756. 8vo. 
 
 Contains some notes upon the commencement and progress of printing in Sweden. 
 
 MENSCH (G. Hans). Orthographie fiir Buchdruckereien nach den 
 Grundsatzen der Berl. ortogr. Conferenz. Verfasst und mit einer 
 Rechtschreibungslehre versehen. Kolberg : 1876. Large i6mo. 
 pp. iv. 143. 
 
 Mentelius (Jacobus). Brevis Excursus • de Loco, Tempore, et 
 Auctore Inventionis Typography. Parisiis : 1644. 4to. pp. 13. 
 
 Some writers attribute this work to Anthony Vitre. 
 
 De vera Typographic Origine parsenesis ad Bern, a Mallin- 
 
 krot. Parisiis : 1650. 4to. Title, &c., 3 leaves, and pp. 119. 
 
 Observationes de prsecipuis Typography et Typographic 
 
 Origine. [In Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica.”] 
 
 These books are chiefly remarkable as 
 being a shameful falsification of history, 
 in order to establish the claims of Mentel, 
 of Strasburg, to be regarded as the 
 inventor of typography. The theory 
 was founded on a pretended chronicle of 
 Strasburg, which was said to assert that 
 in 1440, 1442, and 1447, Mentel engraved 
 letters in wood and metal ; that he em- 
 ployed Gutenberg, a goldsmith of May- 
 ence, to make the punches and matrices, 
 and that a servant of Mentel communi- 
 cated the secret to Gutenberg ; that 
 they went both to Mayence, where they 
 became associated with Fust, a famous 
 merchant of that city ; that the emperor 
 Frederic, in recognition of Mentel’s dis- 
 covery, allowed him to inscribe on his 
 coat-of-arms a golden crown and a lion’s 
 head. 
 
 John Mentel or Mentelin, a cele- 
 brated 15th century printer, was born 
 near Strasburg. In the cathedral of 
 Strasburg there is a tablet to his memory, 
 from which it appears that he died in De- 
 cember, 1478. The inscription is : “Here 
 rest I, John Mentel, who, by the grace 
 of God, was the first to invent, in Stras- 
 burg, the characters of typography, and 
 to develop this art of printing,” &c. The 
 claim that Mentel was the inventor was 
 first made in' 1520, by John Schott, son of 
 Martin Schott, who had married Mentel’s 
 daughter, and inherited his business. 
 
 The imposition would have been forgotten 
 if it had not been renewed, in the seven- 
 teenth century, in the works named above, 
 which were written by James Mentel, a 
 physician of Paris, the supposed descen- 
 dant of John Mentel. To support his 
 claims he falsified the statements of 
 Gebwiler, Spregel, and Specklin, who 
 had previously written on the subject, 
 even altering their text. 
 
 It is supposed that Mentel learned his 
 art at Mayence, from F ust and Schoeffer, 
 and that he subsequently settled at Stras- 
 burg. He printed, no doubt, soon after 
 the dissolution of the partnership between 
 Fust and Gutenberg, but there is no 
 evidence whatever that he printed any- 
 thing in Strasburg between 1439 and 1457 ; 
 indeed, the first book which is known 
 certainly to have been printed by him is 
 “De Arte predicandi,” a tract on 
 Christian doctrine, chiefly taken from St. 
 Augustine, and he issued a Latin Bible, 
 in 2 vols., folio, without date, but pre- 
 sumably in 1466. Among other products 
 of his press is the “ Epistolse sancti 
 Jeronimi,” a large volume in folio, with- 
 out da.e, but assigned to the year 1469 ; 
 “ Summa de casibus conscientiae per 
 fratrum Astexanum,” folio, n. d. ; and 
 “ Vincentii Burgundi, ..... bibliotheca 
 mundi,” i486, in ten folio volumes, an 
 enormous work printed by Mentel at 
 Strasburg between 1473 and 1476. 
 
 Mentelin (Johann). Anzeige fiber die aus seiner Druckerei gegen 
 1470 erschienene Ausgabe von Joannis Astexani de Ast Summa 
 de Casibus Conscientiae. [Argentoratii : 1470.] Folio. 1 leaf. 
 
 Only one copy of this production is known ; it is in the Royal Library at Berlin, 
 having been purchased for 100 thalers, at the sale of the Weigel collection, in 1872. 
 
 See Dorlan and Niesert. 
 
3 » 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Menzel (A.). An engraving, “ 1440 — 1840, grave sur bois par Unzel- 
 mann, imprime par W. A. Schade a Berlin.” Leipzig : 1870. 
 
 Represents Gutenberg at the press, showing Fust the first pull with movable 
 letters. (Size 8in. by 12m.) 
 
 Mercier (Barthelemy). Observations sur la lettre de M. J. G * * * 
 [Ghesquiere], inseree dans l’Esprit des Journaux du mois de Juin 
 dernier ; avec une notice de quelques editions faites k Bruges par 
 Colard Mansion durant le xv me siecle. Paris: 1779. 8vo. pp. 14. 
 
 — Supplement a l’Histoire de l’Imprimerie de Prosper Marchand ; 
 ou additions et corrections pour cet ouvrage. Paris : 1773. 4to. 
 Republished in 1775 in 4to., with the title extended thus: Edition 
 revue et augmentee, avec un memoire sur 1’epoque certaine du com- 
 mencement de l’annee a Mayehce, durant le xv e siecle. pp. viii. 221. 
 
 This work, in its original form, as issued 
 in 1773, is not very often met with, and 
 in its improved and extended shape, 
 dated 1775, is now very rare, yet it really 
 forms, if not an integral part, an indis- 
 pensable sequel to Prosper Marchand’s 
 celebrated History. It was compiled in 
 the most conscientious manner, the author 
 having undertaken a variety of journeys 
 to inspect personally the monuments 
 described and to revise the documents 
 quoted by his predecessors. There is an 
 
 elaborate avertissement explaining the 
 origin of the book and its gradual evolu- 
 tion. It is perhaps to be regretted that 
 the Abbe Mercier was content to be 
 merely a corrector ; his self-abnegation in 
 presenting such a mass of new facts 
 merely as revisions of another author 
 being in itself noteworthy. The remark- 
 able industry of the abbe may be judged 
 from the magnitude of the list of works 
 consulted, which is appended. 
 
 — Lettre de M. Mercier, abbe de St. Leger de Soissons, a MM. 
 les auteurs du Journal des Sfavans, contenant diverses remarques 
 critiques sur son Supplement a l’Histoire de l’Imprimerie • de P. 
 Marchand. [Paris : 1 776.] 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 This tract, bound up with a copy of 
 the “Supplement” in our possession, is 
 exceedingly rare. It was printed, ob- 
 viously, with a view to being so appended 
 to the larger work, as the pages are of 
 similar dimensions, although the text is 
 set up in a double column. It is, n 
 substance, a reply to a review of the 
 “Supplement” which had appeared in 
 the journal named, and is a not less 
 minutely careful dissection of the review, 
 than the book reviewed was a painstaking 
 analysis and revision of the original work. 
 The abbe evidently possessed the true 
 bibliographic faculty of microscopical 
 examination of the most trivial details, 
 and his labours were highly creditable, 
 and indeed valuable, although they 
 have been superseded to a large extent 
 by the subsequent investigations of such 
 men as Schoepflin, Heinecken, Daunou, 
 and Bernard, not to mention contem- 
 porary writers, such as Holtrop and Van 
 der Linde. 
 
 B. Mercier, Abbe de St. Leger, was 
 born at Lyons in 1734, and died at Paris in 
 
 The titles of his publications, chiefly 
 bibliographical, will be found in the 
 “ Siecles Litteraires,” vol. iv. p. 350. 
 “ Mr. Ocheda, Lord Spencer’s librarian, 
 who knew well the Abbe de St. Leger, 
 informed me that he left behind him 
 ample materials for a history of printing 
 in a new edition of his Supplement to 
 Marchand’s work, which he projected 
 ublishing, and which had received from 
 im innumerable corrections and addi- 
 tions. ‘ He was a man,’ says Mr. Ocheda, 
 ‘the most conversant with editions of 
 books of all kinds, and with everything 
 connected with typography and biblio- 
 graphy that I ever conversed with.’ 
 H e was for many years librarian of St. 
 Genevieve, at Paris. He left a very rich 
 bibliographical library, most of his books 
 being enriched with notes in his own 
 hand-writing. This collection was sold 
 in 1800, the Bibliotheque Nationale ac- 
 quiring many of the books.” — Dibdin’s 
 “Bibliomania.” See Peignot’s “Diet, 
 de Bibliologie,” vol. i. p. 452, and vol. 
 iii. p. 212. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 39 
 
 Mercier (M. T. ). Chant seculaire & l’occasion de Inauguration du 
 monument erige le 24 Juin 1840 dans la ville de Strasbourg a 
 la memoire de Gutenberg, inventeur de l’imprimerie. Paris : 
 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Merkel (C.).— See Hoefling. 
 
 Merkel (J.). Kritisches Verzeichniss hochst seltener Incunabeln 
 und alter Drucke, welche in der Hofbibliothek zu Aschaffenburg 
 autbewahrt werden. Aschaffenburg : 1832. Large 8vo. 
 
 Merlin. Catalogue des pieces curieuses ou d’edits, declarations, 
 lettres-patentes, Reglements, Instructions du Roi, Arrets du Conseil 
 d’Etat du Roi, livres, brochures, memoires, etc., concernant la 
 librairie, l’imprimerie et tout ce qui s’y attache. Cedees au 
 Cercle de la Librairie, etc., k Paris. (Extract from the Journal de 
 rimprimerie of Jan. 2, 1864.) Paris. Large 8vo. pp. 35. Dutch 
 paper. 
 
 Exposition Universelle de 1855. Extrait des rapports du 
 
 Jury de la 26 e Classe — Calligraphic, Gravure, Cartes a Jouer, &c. 
 Paris : 1856. i2mo. 
 
 Merlin (R.). Les cartes a jouer. Paris: 1856. 8vo. 
 
 In the reports of the Jury of the Exposition Universelle of 1855. 
 
 Origine des Cartes a jouer. Recherches nouvelles sur les 
 
 naibis, les tarots, et sur les autres especes de cartes. Ouvrage 
 accompagne d’un album de soixante-dix planches. Paris : 1869. 
 4to. pp. viii. 144; 73 plates, with more than 600 figures. 
 
 This work contains a great deal of new matter, and many original illustrations of 
 
 early playing-cards. 
 
 Merlo (J. J.). Die Buchhandlungen und Buchdruckereien “ Zum 
 Einhorn ” (jetzt Rommerrkirchers Buchhandlung und Buchdrucke- 
 rei). F. Mellinghaus in der Strasse Unter-Fettenhennen zu 
 Koln, vom 16. Jahrh. bis zur Gegenwart. Festschrift zur Feier des 
 35ojahrigen Bestehens ausgegeben am 22. Januar, 1879. Koln : 
 1879. Large 8vo. pp. 109, 1 leaf. 
 
 A festival print in celebration of the 350th anniversary of the existence of this 
 
 house. 
 
 M£ry (Jos.), De Nerval (Gerard), and Lopez (Bernard). L’lmagier 
 de Harlem, ou la decouverte de l’imprimerie. Drame-legende a 
 grand spectacle en cinq actes et dix tableaux. En prose et en vers. 
 Represente pour la premiere fois a Paris, sur le theatre de la 
 Porte-Saint-Martin, le 27 Decembre, 1851. Paris: 1852. 8vo. 
 pp. 102. 
 
 Among the numerous dramatis persona are : Satan in seven different characters, 
 
 Koster, Louis XI., Archduke Frederick, Gutenberg, Faust, Schoeffer, Christopher 
 
 Columbus, and many others. Koster is the hero. 
 
 Metz. — See Chabert and Teissier. 
 
 Metz (F. ). Geschichte des Buchhandels und der Buchdruckerkunst. 
 Darmstadt: 1834. 8vo. pp. vi. 340, 134, and leaf of table. 
 
40 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Meurs (Dr. P. van). De keulsche kroniek en de Coster-legende van 
 Dr. A. van der Linde te zamen getoetst. Haarlem : 1870. 8vo. 
 pp. 65. 
 
 Meuschen (J. G.). Der . . . rechte Abdruck der Person Christi 
 .... Als auch hie in Coburg celebrirte Jubel-Feyer der . . . 
 Buchdruckerey. Coburg: 1740. Small 8vo. 
 
 Meyer (H. ). 12 Titel-Blatter in Buntdruck. (I. Heft der Sammlung 
 
 der neuesten Titelblatter.) Wien: 1874. 4to. 
 
 Meyer (Heinrich). Adressbuch der Buchdruckereien von Mittel- 
 Europa ; der Stein-, Kupfer- und Stahlstichdruckereien, der Schrift- 
 und Stereotypengiesser, xylographischen Institute, Pressen- und 
 Druckmaschinenbauer, Farbefabrikanten, sowie der mechanischen 
 Papierfabriken in Deutschland. Braunschweig : 1854. 8vo. 
 pp. viii. 200. 
 
 The first printing-trades directory published in the German language. 
 
 Gutenbergs- Album. Braunschweig : 1840. 4to. and 8vo. 
 
 This album was published in two Koenig, and Senefelder are given, also a 
 different editions, one in royal 4to. of view of Metz in 1840, and four pages are 
 xxxii. and 352 pages, and one in 8vo. of filled with the autographic fac-similes 
 xxvi. and 356 pages. Whilst the latter of the various contributors. An ap- 
 contains only three plates, the former pendix of Oriental compositions, exe- 
 is ornamented by a great many excellent cuted in twenty-six different languages 
 ones in all the different methods of the and types, completes this very interesting 
 graphic arts invented up to 1840. Por- and curious work, 
 traits of Gutenberg, Fust, Schoeffer, 
 
 Handbuch der Stereotypie. With 8 lithographic illustrations. 
 
 Braunschweig : 1838. Large 8vo. 6J sheets. 
 
 A very complete description of the different methods of the platen process. 
 Meyer (Jos.). Bibliographisches Institut in Hildburghausen. Por- 
 trait by G. Wolf. Folio. 
 
 The establishment, which was founded by M. Meyer, has been transferred to 
 Leipsic. 
 
 Meyer (L. E.). Die Buchdruckerkunst in Augsburg bei ihrem 
 Entstehen. Eine Denkschrift zur Feier des vierten Sakular-Festes 
 der Erfindung Gutenbergs. Augsburg : 1840. 8vo. 8 prelimi- 
 nary leaves, pp. 88. 1 plate. 
 
 Each page of this essay is surrounded with an elegant border, and at the end is a 
 list of the printers of Augsburg from 1468 to 1840. 
 
 Meyer (W. H.). Geschichte der Buchdruckerei und Verlagshandlung 
 von F. Hessenland in Stettin vom Jahre 1577-1877. Stettin : 1877. 
 
 A history of the printing-office carried on by the firm of Hessenland, in Stettin, 
 from 1577 to 1877, published on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of its existence. 
 
 Meynier (J. Ch. ). Anleitung zur Aetzkunst, besonders in Crayon- und 
 Tuschmanier. Hof : 1804. With 12 tables. 
 
 Mezger (G. C.). Augsburgs alteste Druckdenkmale und Formschnei- 
 derarbeiten, nebst Geschichte des Biicherdruckes und Buchhandels 
 in Augsburg ; welche in der vereinigten Kreis- u. Stadtbiblio- 
 tecken autbewahrt werden. Augsburg : 1840. Royal 8vo. 
 pp. 80. 37 engravings. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 4i 
 
 Micheels (J.). Benjamin Franklin, een levensbeeld. Gand : 1878. 
 i2mo. pp. 120. ' 
 
 Michel (le Chevalier Emman.). La Bibliotheque de la Ville et 
 rimprimerie & Rennes. Le Mans : 1872. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Michel (V.). Specimen de cliches bitumineux inventes par V. 
 Michel, execute par les presses de MM. Benard et compagnie 
 avec les encres de M. Lawson et compagnie. Paris : 1851. 4to. 
 
 Miciielletti (Joannes Baptist). Presagi scientifici sull’ arte della 
 Stampa. Aquila : 1814. 8vo. 
 
 Strongly in favour of Gutenberg. 
 
 Michiels. Y-a du tirage, typographic comique, paroles de Bau- 
 maine et Blondelet avec Piano. Paris : 1872. 4to. 
 
 Middleton (Rev. Conyers), D.D. A Dissertation concerning the 
 Origin of Printing in England. Showing, That it was first 
 Introduced and Practised by our Countryman William Caxton, 
 at Westminster ; And not, as is commonly believed, by a Foreign 
 Printer at Oxford. Cambridge : 1735. 4to. pp. 29, and 2 title- 
 pages. 2nd edition, 1775. 8vo. 
 
 Translated into French under the following title : — 
 
 Dissertation sur l’Origine de rimprimerie en Angleterre. 
 
 Traduite de 1 * Anglais par D. G. Imbert. Londres : 1775. 8vo. 
 pp. 46. 
 
 The work was also reprinted in the Caxton, Rood, De Worde, and Pynson. 
 fifth volume of Dr. Middleton’s “ Mis- Dr. Middleton's cleverly-written pam- 
 cellaneous Works.” phlet is further interesting as giving a list 
 
 The author proves the fallacy of At- of all the books printed by Caxton then 
 kyns’s theory that Corsellis was brought in the Public Library at Cambridge, 
 to England, and that the alleged date of The Rev. Conyers Middleton, a 
 printing in Oxford, 1468, was the result celebrated divine and critic, was the son 
 of a misprint. An article in the Weekly of a clergyman, and born at Richmond, 
 Miscellany , April 26, 1735, signed “Ox- Yorkshire, December 27, 1683. He was 
 onides,” attempts to controvert the latter for many years principal librarian of 
 theory on the ground of the apparent age the University of Cambridge, 
 of the type, as compared with that of 
 
 Middleton (Thomas). Middleton’s Illustrated Catalogue of Printing- 
 Machines. London : 1862. 4to, 
 
 Miel. Notice sur Godefroy, graveur. Paris : 1841. 8vo. 
 
 Migne (l’Abbe). (In the “ Biographie du Clerge contemporain,” 
 33rd part, pp. 289-324.) Paris: 1842. i2mo. 
 
 The Abbe MiGNE(Jacques Pomle), cure ment was destroyed by fire in 187 — . 
 de Puiseau, was proprietor and director Since 1876 it has been in the possession 
 of the “ Imprimerie catholique du Petit- of MM. Gamier freres, of Paris. The 
 Montrouge'” at Paris. The establish- Abbe Migne died in 1875. 
 
 Mignet (F. M. A.). Vie de Franklin. Paris : 1869. i2mo. 
 
 Vita di Franklin. Nuova versione dal francese col con- 
 
 senso dell’ autore, preceduta da brevicenna bibliografici di 
 G. D’Adda. Milano : 1870. i6mo. pp. 168. 
 
 VOL. II. G 
 
42 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Mikulas (Josef). The Printer’s Handbook. Prague : 1867. 
 
 This work is written by the former graphy, book-printing, xylography, and 
 editor of the Veleslavin , and is in the copperplate and lithographic printing, 
 Czechish (a Sclavonic) dialect. It con- and is furnished with eighty-five illus- 
 tains articles on paper-making, steno- trations of machines and implements. 
 
 Milan. Statuti et Ordini della universita de Librari et Stampatori 
 della citta di Milano. Milano : 1614. 4to. 
 
 Statuto del Circolo Italiano della Libreria, Tipografia ed Arti 
 
 affini. Milano : 1863. 8vo. 
 
 Catalogo della mostra industriale Tipografica e delle arti affini 
 
 nelle sale della Biblioteca di Brera. Milano : 1879. 8vo. 
 pp. 40. 
 
 The Catalogue of an interesting Exhibition of Machinery, Materials, and Books, 
 manufactured in Italy. 
 
 Rapporto sulla Festa commemorativa del 75 0 anniversario di 
 
 fondazione del Pio Istituto Tipografico in Milano pubblicato per 
 cura della incaricata commissione. Milano : 1879. 4to. pp. 63. 
 
 See Bettoni and Saxe. 
 
 Milizia (Francesco). Della Incisione delle Stampe. Bassano : 
 1797. 8vo. 
 
 Miller (William) &Co. Specimen of Printing Types. Edinburgh : 
 1813. 4to. 
 
 The first specimen-book of this firm, which afterwards became Miller & 
 Richard (see infra), was issued in 1809. 
 
 Miller & Richard. Specimens of Book and Magazine Founts. 
 Edinburgh and London. No date. 4to. 
 
 Selections from the Specimens of New Book and Newspaper 
 
 Founts, by Miller & Richard, Type-Founders to Her Majesty 
 for Scotland. Edinburgh and London : 1857. 
 
 From the date of its foundation, this and they likewise claim the distinction of 
 eminent firm has distinguished itself by having been the first to introduce steam 
 a succession of new'type-faces and styles, power in type-casting, which is now the 
 mostly of a very elegant character. For approved system. Perceiving the ten- 
 upwards of half a century the type of dency to go back to a former taste in 
 this foundry has been used by the Times printing, this foundry, about 1850, corn- 
 newspaper. It may be interesting to menced to cut a series of what they 
 mention that Messrs. Miller & Richard termed “ old-style founts,” the success 
 claim to have been the first in this coun- of which has been unexampled in the 
 try to successfully introduce machine- annals of type-founding. This exquisite 
 cast types against the combined opposi- series of founts has served to greatly 
 tion of the other founders, although it is extend the fame and business of the 
 now the only method of casting practised ; house of Miller & Richard. 
 
 Millet (Mart.). Notice sur les imprimeurs d’Orange et les livres 
 sortis de leurs presses, avec un appendice sur les ecrits relatifs a 
 l’histoire de cette ville. Valence : 1877. Large 8vo. pp. 75, 
 and 2 leaves. 
 
 A few numbered copies only printed, the title being in red and black. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 43 
 
 Milton (John). Areopagitica : a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the 
 liberty of Vnlicenc’d Printing. To the Parlament of England. 
 
 London : 1644. 4to. pp. 42, 
 
 A 'biting satire, which has been fre- 
 quently reprinted, on the system of licens- 
 ing books. “ I know nothing of the 
 Licencer, but that I have his own hand 
 here for his arrogance ; who shall war- 
 rant me his judgement?” ‘‘Truth is 
 strong, next to the Almighty : she needs 
 no policies ; no stratagems, no licencings, 
 to make her victorious — those are the 
 shifts and defences which errour uses 
 against her power.” “The punishing of 
 Wits enhaunces their authority, and a 
 forbidden writing is thought to be a cer- 
 tain spark of truth that flies up in the 
 faces of them who seeke to tread it out.” 
 Lord Macaulay says of Milton : “ He 
 
 including the title, 
 attacked the licensing system in that 
 sublime treatise which every statesman 
 should wear as a sign upon his hand, and 
 as frontlets between his eyes.” — Edin- 
 burgh Review , p. 344, August, 1825. 
 H. Hallam says : “ Many passages in 
 this famous tract are admirably eloquent ; 
 an intense love of liberty and truth flows 
 through it ; the majestic soul of Milton 
 breathes such high thoughts as had not 
 been uttered before.” — Literature of 
 Europe, iii. 660. W. H. Prescott says : 
 
 ‘ ‘ The most splendid argument, perhaps, 
 the world had then witnessed on behalf 
 of intellectual liberty.” — Ferdinand and 
 Isabella , iii. 391. Ed. 1845. 
 
 English Reprints. John Milton. Areopagitica : [24 Novem- 
 ber] 1644. Preceded by illustrative documents. Carefully edited 
 by Edward Arber. London : 1868. 8vo. pp. 80. 
 
 This interesting volume includes: — 1. March 9, 1643. 4. Order of the Lords 
 
 The Star-Chamber Decree concerning and Commons, June 14, 1643. 5. Mil- 
 
 Printers, of July 11, 1637. 2. Order of ton’s Areopagitica, reprinted verbatim 
 
 the House of Commons, Jan. 29, 1642. from the first edition, dated 1644. 
 
 3. Order of the House of Commons, 
 
 Minshull (R .). — See Caxton in Supplement. 
 
 Minzloff (Charles Rodolphe). Catalogue des Editions Aldines de 
 la Bibliotheque Imperiale publique a St. Petersbourg. 1854. 
 4to. 57 lithograph pages. 
 
 A few copies only printed, and none for sale. 
 
 • Les Elzevirs de la Bibliotheque Imperiale publique de St. 
 
 Petersbourg. St. Petersburg : 1862. Large i6mo. pp. xiv. 223. 
 
 According to the indication in the preface, this publication is from notes by 
 
 the Ch. de Rostoptchin. 
 
 Ein Gang durch die St. Petersburger Kaiserliche offentliche 
 
 Bibliothek. 8vo. pp. 37. 
 
 Printed in the St. Petersburg German Kalendar of 1870. 
 
 Souvenir de la Bibliotheque Imperiale publique de St. Peters- 
 bourg, contenant des gravures et autres feuilles volantes du xv e 
 siecle. Leipzig : 1863. 4to. pp. 21, 3 leaves. 8 plates. 
 
 Miozzo (Gaetano). Cenni biografici su G. B. Bodoni. Torino : 
 1872. 8vo. 
 
 Mira (Giuseppe M.). A quale citta di Sicilia spetta il primato 
 della introduzione della Stampa, lettera. Palermo: 1874. i2mo. 
 
 Manuale teorico-pratico di Bibliografia. 2 vols. Palermo : 
 
 1863. 8vo. 
 
 Vol. i. contains the history of printing in Italy, and vol. ii. of Sicily. 
 
 Sull’ Introduzione della Arte tipografica in Palermo. Palermo : 
 
 1859. 8vo. pp. 20. 
 
44 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Mirareau (le Comte). Sur la liberte de la Presse. Imite de 
 I’Anglais de Milton. Londres : 1778.— See Milton, Areopa- 
 gitica. 
 
 MisfcRE, La, des apprentis-imprimeurs, appliquee par le detail a chaque 
 fonction de ce noble art ; en vers burlesques, a M. F****. 1745. 
 
 8vo. 
 
 CREMONA : 1492. 
 
 Misintis (Bernard de). 
 
 This printer was probably established several books in Brescia, from 1495 to 
 at Cremona in 1492, where he printed in 1502. The accompanying device is taken 
 partnership with Caesar Parmensis. The from Petrarca (F. de), “ Remediis utri- 
 two partners then removed to Brescia, usque fortunae. Cremonae, per Bern, de 
 where they printed two books, both dated Misintis, papiensem ac Caesarem parmen- 
 1492. Afterwards Bernard alone printed sem,” 1492, fo. 
 
 Mitchell (D. W.). Paris Printers: Six months’ typographical 
 
 experience in the French capital. By the Author of “ Two Years 
 in the United States.” 
 
 This is a series of articles in the printer, and the system of management 
 Printers Journal , new series, vol. i., pursued in French printing-offices ; some 
 pp. 86, 102, 119, 135, 150, 168, 182,243. of the character - sketches being very 
 They describe the life of the French amusing. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 45 
 
 Mitchell (William H. ). Type-setting by Machinery; with opinions 
 of the Press, &c. London : 1863. 8vo. 
 
 A description of a type-composing ma- machines was found to be economical, 
 chine invented by William H. Mitchell, Bruce s Specimen Book states that it had 
 of New York. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia, been in use for ten years in a New York 
 published in 1861, said that ten machines printing-office. Mitchell’s invention is, 
 had for some time been kept in operation however, no longer in use, one of the 
 in the printing-house employed upon that reasons assigned for its abandonment 
 work, as well as a number of distributing being the want of a good mechanical 
 machines, and that the use of these type-distributor. 
 
 Mittheilungen iiber den thuringischen Buchdruckerverein und 
 dessen Unterstiitzungskassen aus den Jahren 1850-1869. Gotha : 
 1870. 4to. pp. vi. and 50. 
 
 Printed only for the members of the Thuringian Printers’ Union, giving its 
 history and a statistical account of all its doings. 
 
 Aus den Jahren 1870-1874 und Gesammtnachweisungen aus 
 
 den Jahren 1850-1874. Gotha: 1875. 4to. pp. iv. and 40. 
 
 Nearly all table-work, and full of interesting facts as to the foundation and growth 
 of the benevolent institutions of the Union. 
 
 See Periodical Publications. 
 
 Moehlmann. Kritische Bemerkungen zur Geschichte der Buch- 
 druckerkunst in Mecklenburg. (In : “ Jahrb. d. Vereins f. meek. 
 Geschichte,” vol. xxi., 1876, pp. 152-164.) 
 
 Moeller (J. M.). Die Pflicht und Schuldigkeit glaubiger Seelen an 
 dem durch die Gnade Gottes erlebten III. Jubilaeo der Erfindung 
 der edlen Buchdruckerkunst. 6. Julii im Jahr 1740. Erfurt. 
 4to. pp. 80. 
 
 Moeller (P. L.). Kort Tremstilling af Bogtrykkerkunstens Historie. 
 Udgivet af Selskabet for Trykkefrihedens rette Boug. Kjoben- 
 havn : 1841. 8vo. pp. 235. 
 
 Treats of the activity of the Press in Denmark and the jubilee of printing in the 
 three Northern States. 
 
 Mohnike (Gottlieb). Die Geschichte der Buchdruckerkunst in 
 Pommern. Stettin : 1840. 8vo. pp. vi. 138. 
 
 With a very curious plate for frontispiece, in which an account of printing is set 
 up in such a manner as to give, at a short distance, a resemblance to the typo- 
 graphical griffin. 
 
 Geschichte der Buchdruckereien in Stralsund bis zum Jahre 
 
 1809, ein Beitrag zur pommerschen Litterargeschichte. Stralsund : 
 1833. 4to. 2 leaves and pp. 46. 
 
 Nachricht von einem seltenen in Rostock 1526 gedruckten 
 
 Buche theol. Inhalts. Schwerin : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 • Mohr (F. Louis). Das Haus Berger- Levrault in Strasburg. Mit 
 Vignette. Mars, 1876. Large 8vo., pp. 7. (Extract from Annalen 
 der Typographies No. 352.) 
 
 A few copies only printed, and not for sale. 
 
46 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Moiir (F. Louis). Die periodische Fachpresse der Typographic und 
 der verwandten Gesch'aftszweige. Strasbourg: 1879. 8vo. pp. 
 vii. 35, with heliographic frontispiece. 
 
 100 copies only issued. 
 
 This bibliography of the periodical 
 press throughout the world treating of the 
 different arts of printing was originally 
 published in Lorck’s now defunct A nnalen 
 der Typographic. It is in every way the 
 fullest and most accurate list of the kind 
 that has hitherto been drawn up. At the 
 commencement, as an appropriate frontis- 
 piece, there is a photo-lithographic repro- 
 duction of the headings or title-pages of 
 the leading technical journals. M. Mohr 
 has performed a very useful task with 
 unusual intelligence and painstaking. 
 
 Prefixed to the List of Periodicals is 
 an Introduction, from which we translate 
 the following extracts : — 
 
 “ The book - trade has collected the 
 literature of all technical branches ; its 
 own, as well as the relative one of printing, 
 it has till now partially neglected. The 
 beginning of a complete arrangement of 
 the literature of printing and those 
 branches connected with it, of all coun- 
 tries, is at present being made by an 
 English trade journal, the Pruiting 
 Times mid Lithographer , which gives 
 critical and historical remarks upon the 
 contents of the works, and adds printers’ 
 marks, portraits, and other designs of 
 special interest. An edition in book form 
 is in preparation. My present small 
 work produces only a special part of the 
 typographic literature, namely, the peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 “ In general, journals, and especially 
 those which have ceased to exist, do not 
 receive proper attention in bibliographies, 
 which is to be regretted ; for, in spite of 
 many ephemeral and valueless notices, 
 they accumulate a mass of material which 
 deserves preservation from oblivion. 
 
 “The Newspaper Exhibition held in 
 
 Prague, in May of the year 1878, 
 afforded an opportunity for compiling the 
 present list. The catalogue published 
 mentions sixty -four trade journals. 
 Through the kindness of Herr D. 
 Slunicki, director of the Gregr printing- 
 office in Prague, I obtained permission 
 to make an inspection of a part of those 
 newspapers, whilst Herr Ant. Schiller, 
 editor of the Veleslavin, placed numerous 
 notices upon old and new journals at my 
 disposal. The bibliographic notices known 
 to me which treat of typographic trade 
 journals are the following : — 
 
 “ * Les journaux typographiques,’ in the 
 journal I Imprimerie, 1865, No. 16. 
 
 “ ‘ Die typographische Literatur Eng- 
 glands,’ by Th. Kiister, in the Brunswick 
 Journal, 1865, Nos. n and 12. 
 
 “‘Ueber typographische Journale,’ 
 idem, 1867, No. 27. 
 
 “The A nnalen der Typographic pro- 
 duced a list of North American trade 
 journals in No. 259 (1874). 
 
 “Likewise the Annales de V Impri- 
 nt erie, in its first number (Brussels, 1876), 
 cited the titles of several journals of 
 different countries. 
 
 “ ‘ Die Deutschen Fachzeitschriften der 
 Typographic, historisqh und kritisch 
 beleuchtet,’ in the appendix to Klimsch’s 
 ‘Adressbuch der Buch- und Steindrucke- 
 reien,’ 1876. 
 
 “ An article by Th. Kiister appeared 
 in Triibner’s American and Oriental 
 Literary Record, 1867, relating to the 
 typographic trade journals, but it was 
 not accessible to me. 
 
 “Collective notices are ill suited for 
 bibliographic exposition, yet I have used 
 them so far as they served my purpose. 
 
 I had mainly, however, to take refuge in 
 direct questions.” 
 
 Paris: 1879. 8vo. pp. 11. 
 has contributed many articles of much 
 value to the literary journals of the 
 Continent, and in another place we ac- 
 knowledge our obligations to him for his 
 assistance irt the compilation of this 
 Bibliography of Printing. He is 
 also the author of various tracts on 
 antiquarian and literary subjects ; among 
 them an exhaustive bibliography of. 
 Schiller’s “ Lied von der Glocke,” a 
 bibliography of the literature of the 
 Alsatian dialect, and a bibliography of 
 the publications originating in the cen- 
 tenary celebrations of the births of 
 
 — Des Impressions microscopiques. 
 
 100 copies only issued. 
 
 A reprint of an article in the Miscellanies 
 Bibliographic ties, giving a critical, descrip- 
 tive, and bibliographic account of some of 
 the most famous miniature editions which 
 have issued from the printing-press, from 
 the time of Didot Ie jeune, 1827, to the 
 present day, mention being favourably 
 made of our two remarkable achieve- 
 ments in this line of art — the Oxford 
 “smallest Bible in the world” and John 
 Be'lows’s “Pocket Dictionary.” 
 
 M. Mohr, a resident of Strasburg, 
 is an indefatigable bibliographer. He 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 47 
 
 Voltaire and J. J. Rousseau. M. F. noisseur of books. He has for many years 
 Louis Mohr has been since 1857 con- written anonymously on bibliographical 
 nected as general manager with the famous subjects. At the siege of Strasburg, 
 French printing house of Berger- Levrault during the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, 
 of Strasburg, now become R. Schultz & M. Mohr’s library, notes, MSS., and col- 
 Co. He was formerly a bookseller, and lections were unfortunately all destroyed 
 is by cultivation and taste a great con- by fire. 
 
 Moisand (Const.). De la triste situation de Timprimerie departe- 
 mentale et les moyens de remedier a sa decadence. Beauvais : 
 1849. 8vo. pp. 45. 
 
 M. Moisand, a printer of Beauvais, where he was bom in 1822, is proprietor and 
 chief editor of the Moniteur de VOise. 
 
 Mokelott (Alex.). Gutenbergs - Salon Walzer fur Pianoforte. 
 Mit Abbildung des Fest-Salons. Op. 30. Leipzig: 1840. 4to. 
 
 Gutenbergs-Salon-Galoppe flir Pianoforte. Op. 11. Leipzig: 
 
 1840. 4to. 
 
 Published on the occasion of the celebration of the fourth centenary of printing at 
 Leipsic. 
 
 Molbech (Chr.). Fortegenelse over de paa Pergament trykkede 
 Boger idet stove kong. Bibl. tilligem ed nogle Bidrag til Bibliothe- 
 ketsnyeste Historie. Kjobenhavn : 1830. 8vo. 
 
 A translation into German was made by H. Ratjen, with the title : — 
 
 — Verzeichniss der Pergamentdrucke in der gr. k. Bibliothek zu 
 
 Kopenhagen. Leipzig : 1833. 
 
 MolF, jeune. Collection Typographique, composee de 206 caracteres 
 Frangais, Grecs, Hebreux, Rabbiniques, Arabes, Syriaques, 
 Samaritains, titres pour affiches ; lettres de deux points ornees, 
 vignettes, fleurons, accolades, filets anglais, trembles, filets- 
 colonnes, garnitures a jouer. Paris: 1819. 15 folio sheets. 
 
 Caracteres graves et fondus par Mole jeune. Paris : 1830. 4to. 
 
 Molhuysen (P. C.). Procedure over de werken van David Joris. 
 [Arnhem : 1850.] 8vo. 
 
 Moll (W.). Kerkgeschiedenis van Nederland voor de hervorming. 
 Arnhem : 1864. 4to. 
 
 Treats of the invention of printing. 
 
 Mollf.r (Daniel William). Dissertatio de Typographic. Altorfii : 
 1692. 4to. Five portraits. 
 
 Reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographical ” 
 
 Dissertatio de Typographic, cura F. Roth-Scholtzii. Norim- 
 
 bergae et Altdorfii : 1727. 4to. pp. 8. Five portraits. 
 
 D. William Moller was librarian at Altdorf, where he died in 1712. 
 
 Mommaas (C.). Het Onthaal van de Typographische Vereenigingen 
 in Haarlem op den 16. Julij, 1856 ; verslag aan alle Kunstbroeders 
 in Nederland. Utrecht : 1856. 8vo. pp. 24. 
 
48 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Mommaas (C.). Lettergieterij, Boek- en Plaatdrukkerij. Amster- 
 dam : i860. 8vo. 
 
 See Periodical Publications. 
 
 Momoro (Antonio Francisco). £preuve d’une partie des caracteres 
 de la fonderie de Ant. Franc. Momoro. Paris : 1787. i6mo. 
 
 Le Manuel des Impositions. Petit ouvrage qui peut etre utile 
 
 & Messieurs les imprimeurs. Paris : 1789. i2mo. pp. iv. 19, 
 
 with 23 engraved plates, representing 72 impositions. Third 
 
 edition, Brussels : 1819. 8vo. 
 
 Traite elementaire de l’imprimerie, ou le manuel de l’imprimeur. 
 
 Paris : 1786. 8vo. Paris : 1793. 8vo. pp. iv. 348, with 36 
 
 copperplate engravings. 
 
 The remainder of the edition of 1793 the time of the Revolution he was the 
 was reissued with a new title, dated 1796. “ Membre du departement de Paris ” in 
 
 Printing is treated in an encyclopaedic 1782, and was decapitated in 1794. Hiswife 
 style, the different processes and utensils was the interesting creature who allowed 
 being used as catchwords, and then ex- herself to be led naked through Paris, 
 plained. The author was the son-in- and worshipped as the Goddess of Rea- 
 law and successor of J. F. Fournier, the son. — See Didot, “ Essai.” 
 younger, type-founder and engraver. At 
 
 Monachesi (H. D.) and Yohn (Albert B.). The Stationers’ Hand- 
 book : a Practical Business Guide, chiefly intended for the use of 
 Retail Stationers and Booksellers. New York : 1876. 8vo. pp. 
 xii. 196. 
 
 Issued, as the introduction intimates, branch of it is hardly to be expected, 
 for the use of a class of tradesmen which However, there is here embodied a very 
 hardly finds a counterpart in this coun- considerable amount of new facts and 
 try. They are booksellers and stationers experienced observations. There are 
 and fancy salesmen combined; and the articles on “Proof-reading,” by J. S. 
 range of their operations is so wide that Green ; and the ‘ ‘ Sizes of Printed 
 a special or thorough knowledge of any Books,” by Charles Sotheran. 
 
 Mone (F. J.) Urkunden iiber das Bucherwesen im xv. Jahrh. (pp. 
 309-314 of the Zeitschrift fur Geschichte des Oberrheins , 1850). 
 
 Contains : — (1) Darleihen einer Bibel Peter Schoffer zu Mainz ; (4) Steuer- 
 
 auf Lebenszeit, 1447. Aus der Speieri- befreiung eines Biicherabschreibers zu 
 schen Dombibliothek ; (2) Verzinsliche Baden, 1478 ; (5) Zehnjahrige Ver- 
 
 Breviere und Psalter. Aus dem Ver- pachtung der Papiermiihle zu Ettlingen 
 machtniss von Berth. Siegel, capel. ; an den Papiermacher Wilhelm v. Paris, 
 (3) Schirmbrief fur den Buchdrucker 1482. 
 
 Monet (A. L.). Le Conducteur de Machines typographiques. Guide 
 pratique, fitudes sur les differents systemes de machines, mise en 
 train, decoupages. Paris : 1872. 8vo. 3 leaves and pp. 401. 
 
 An excellent practical work. A new edition was issued, with the title — 
 
 Les Machines et Appareils typographiques en France et a 
 
 l’Etranger. Suivi des procedes d’impression. Paris: 1878. Royal 
 8vo. pp. iv. 437, and 176 illustrations. 
 
 This work is divided into three books, machinery, with rules, accompanied by 
 each being subdivided into two or more examples, for calculating the action of 
 parts. Book I. is entirely devoted to cog-wheels, &c., upon each other, with 
 machinery — French and foreign— and reference to the transmission of power, 
 treats of the applications of the various These explanations are accompanied by 
 mechanical motions used in printing some excellent diagrams. In dealing 
 
49 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 with single-cylinder machines, the " Du- 
 tartre ” is selected as the type, and 
 almost every motion is accurately figured 
 and described. Treadle-machines are 
 next noticed ; but to the perfecting- 
 machine M. Monet devotes but little 
 space. What we term the “Anglo- 
 French” are next described, the dia- 
 grams being especially excellent. The 
 newspaper and web machines treated of 
 are chiefly limited to those of Marinoni’s 
 construction. Part IV. of the first book 
 purports to comprise German, Ameri- 
 can, English, and Belgian machines ; but 
 this is most imperfectly and partially 
 executed. In the second book advice is 
 given as to the erection of machines and 
 the manufacture and management of 
 
 rollers. A chapter is also devoted to the 
 composition, &c., of black and coloured 
 inks. The rolling of paper receives con- 
 siderable attention. A great portion of 
 the book is taken up with instructions in 
 general making-ready on machines, the 
 cutting of the overlay being illustrated 
 by means of several blocks, which repre- 
 sent the first, second, third, and some- 
 times fourth overlay, figures being also 
 given of the engraving before and after the 
 overlay is used. As an exhaustive treatise 
 on French machinery, M. Monet’s work 
 stands alone in its undoubted excellence 
 and authority. The author, who was 
 apprenticed in the celebrated printing- 
 house of Claye, in Paris, is overseer at 
 the principal printing-office in Madrid. 
 
 Monfalcon (J. B.). Histoire de rimprimerie et de la Librairie a 
 Lyon. [In his “ Histoire de la Ville de Lyon.” 3 vols.] Lyon : 
 1846. 8vo. 
 
 Monnin. De la Gravure. (Articles in the February, March, and 
 April numbers of the Annates des Arts.) Paris : 1818. 8vo. 
 
 Monotypie, ou 1 ’art d’ecrire et d’imprimer avec un seul caractere, 
 nouvelle maniere de representer les sons articules, a l’usage des 
 peuples de tous les pays ; par un citoyen fran^ais (Thirion). 
 Paris: anV. (1797). 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Monrocq (J.). Manuel pratique de lithographie sur zinc. Paris: 
 1878. 8vo. pp. 47 and 2 plates. 
 
 Montagne-Vert. Strasburg : 1877. 4to. pp. 32 with 13 plates. 
 
 This is a work of imagination, and to it are : Gutenberg, etching, reproduced 
 luxuriously printed. The Montagne- from a wood engraving of the sixteenth 
 Vert is a place near to Strasburg, where century ; Portrait of St. Arbogast ; Plans 
 stands the ancient Convent of St. Arbo- of the Convent of St. Arbogast, &c. On 
 gast, in which Gutenberg is believed the last leaf is : “ Imprimea petit nombre 
 to have made his first attempts at pour les membres du Cercle vicieux par 
 printing. At pages 19-22 all notices R. Schultz & Cie. a Strasbourg, pour le 
 found in the chronicles relating to it compte de Ferdinand et de Paul Reiber, 
 are reproduced. The plates which relate le 30 Novembre, 1877.” 
 
 Montatglon (Anatole de). Catalogue raisonne de l’oeuvre de Claude 
 Mellan. Abbeville : 1856. 8vo. 
 
 Montano (Cola). Dramma storico in 5 Atti. A beneficio del fondo 
 Vedove ed Orfani dei soci del Pio Istituto tipografico. Milano : 
 1872. i2mo. pp. 78. 
 
 A drama in five acts, in which the principal characters are printers. 
 
 Montbrun. — See Puy de Montbrun. 
 
 Monumenta typographica, quae exstant in Bibliotheca Collegii Cano- 
 nicorum Regularium in Rebdorf, collegit, notis illustravit et 
 edidit ejusdem Collegii Bibliothecarius. Eichstadii : 1787. 4to. 
 pp. 244. 
 
 An annotated descriptive list of books printed between 1450 and 1515. 
 
 VOL. II. H 
 
50 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Moock (L.). Traite pratique complet d’impression photographique 
 aux encres grasses. Paris : 1874. pp. 141. 
 
 A very practical work, which treats not only of photography, but also photo- 
 typography, Woodbury-type, heliotype, Albert-type, and the various modern methods 
 of photo-reproduction. 
 
 Moor (Isaac). Specimen of Printing Types, by Isaac Moor & Co. 
 A post broadside. 1768. 
 
 Moor's foundry, which is mentioned by Rowe Mores, gave the name to Moor- 
 street, Barbican. 
 
 Moore (J.). History of the Rise and Progress of the Art of Printirg. 
 A Lecture delivered for the benefit of a Working Men’s Reading- 
 room. London : 1863. 8vo. pp. 47. 
 
 The usual sort of thing ; neither good nor bad. 
 
 [Morand (Ferd.)]. Notice sur l’establissement de l’Imprimerie dans 
 la Ville d’Aire au XVII C et au XVIII e siecfes. Aire : 1845. 
 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Morelli (Jacopo). Aldi Pii Manutii scripta tria longe rarissima, 
 Bassani : 1806. i6mo. 
 
 Monumenti del principio della Stampa in Venezia messe 
 
 insieme. Venezia : 1793. 4to. 
 
 Jacopo Moreli.i was an eminent Italian Italian bibliographers. Peignot (Diet, 
 bibliographer, and the compiler of the Bib., iii. 226) says that this library was 
 celebrated catalogue of the "Bibliotheca bought by an English bookseller, Robson, 
 Maphaei Pinelli ” (Venice, 1787. 6 vols. transported to London, and sold after a 
 
 8vo). This catalogue is famous for new catalogue had been drawn up. The 
 the research it evidences, and at once latter was published as a large octavo 
 placed its author in the first rank of volume in 1789. 
 
 Moreni (Dom.). Annali della Tipografia Fiorentina di Lorenzo Tor- 
 rentino, impressore ducale. Firenze : 18 n. 8vo. pp. xl. 240. 
 
 A second edition, corrected and augmented, was published in Florence in 1819, 
 with the following title : — "Annali della Tipografia Fiorentina di Lorenzo Torren- 
 tino, 1547-63.” 
 
 Moreno de Tejada (Juan). Excelencias del pincel y del buril, que 
 en cuatro silvas cantaba. Madrid : 1804. 8vo. 
 
 The author was private engraver to the King of Spain. 
 
 Mores (Edward Rowe), M.A. and A.S.S. A Dissertation upon 
 English Typographical Founders and Founderies. London : 
 [1778.] 8vo. pp. 92, with an Appendix by J[ohn] N[ichols], 
 ending on page 100. 
 
 Only 80 copies printed. lish devoted to Type-founding, and con- 
 
 Mr. Mores (who was born in Essex, in tains a varied and large mass of facts 
 1730, and died in 1778) did not live to see concerning the Dutch as well as the 
 the Epublication of this work, and after English founders, which would have been 
 the issue of a few copies out of the eighty entirely lost if Mr. Mores had not pre- 
 originally printed ( see "Anecdotes of served them. It is a great pity that the 
 Bowyer,” p. 132), Mr. John Nichols work is so extremely scarce, as its im- 
 added a valuable Appendix to the re- portance to typographical history can 
 mainder. This is the only work in Eng- hardly be overrated. The literary eccen- 
 
Bibliography of Prmting. 
 
 5i 
 
 tricities of style and punctuation are 
 quite in keeping with the quaintness of 
 the narrative, which nevertheless, as 
 Mr. Nichols remarks, “abounds in manly 
 strength of thought and acuteness of 
 observation.” Nor should it be for- 
 gotten that when this dissertation was 
 written Mr. Mores was himself in posses- 
 sion of nearly all the matrices and moulds 
 of the various early English founders : 
 that is of those antecedent to Caslon I. 
 The references to Caxton’s types are 
 very incorrect ; in fact, the work would 
 well justify an exact reproduction, with 
 notes and corrections appended. 
 
 A copy of this work in our possession 
 contains some interesting memorials of 
 its author. The volume bears the book- 
 plate of “ Richd. Bull, of Ongar, in 
 Essex, esquire.” There is a loose sheet 
 containing representations, in copper- 
 plate, of a number of coins, seals, &c., 
 at the bottom being the words “ Impen- 
 sis Edvardi Rowe Mores, 1751 together 
 with a small plate inscribed “sumptibus 
 Ed. Rowe Mores, art. bac. e coll. Reg. 
 Oxon ” ; and another simply lettered 
 “ penes E. R. M.” These sheets are 
 characteristic of the devotedness of Mr. 
 Mores to various departments of anti- 
 quarian research. Following them comes 
 a large copperplate view of “ Higham 
 Hall, in the parish of Walthamstow, in 
 the county of Essex, the seat of the 
 ancient family of the Rowes.” It is 
 stated that “ this sumptuous edifice was 
 almost wholly rebuilt in the beginning of 
 the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by William 
 Rowe, Esq. It contained nearly 100 leet 
 in front and 76 in depth, and consisted 
 then of three stories, one of which was 
 taken down about the year 1683 ; since 
 that time it has been much reduced, 
 the magnificent hall and other spacious 
 apartments on the east having been of 
 late years entirely demolished, so that 
 at present the west end only of the fabric 
 
 is remaining, and that so strangely de- 
 formed by an artless contriver as to 
 retain little or no resemblance of what 
 it formally was. Impens Edvardi Rowe 
 Mores, arm. 175 — Mr. Mores seems 
 to have had little sympathy with “ restor- 
 ation.” Then follow three old broad- 
 sides and “cases” for Parliament (see 
 Parliamentary Papers), and a cop- 
 perplate, inscribed “introitus cubiculi 
 Nigri Principis. Reliquias Aulse Regi- 
 nensis recentiori fabricae jam cesuras cere 
 incidendas curavit Edv. Rowe Mores, 
 A. M. & S.A.S.,” the date being 1751. 
 There is another petition on the state of 
 printing in 1774, subscribed “Alex. 
 Donaldson, bookseller.” As a frontis- 
 piece there is pasted down a copperplate 
 of the interior of a library, with a figure 
 in the centre, in academical dress, repre- 
 senting, we suppose, the author himself. 
 Under it is written in pencil, “Edward 
 Rowe Mores, done for his friends.” 
 On the title-page is pasted a copy of the 
 engraving, published by J. Lackington, 
 of Faithorne’s portrait of William Cax- 
 ton. It is the portrait referred to by 
 Dibdin, to which mention is made in this 
 Bibliography s. v. Caxton (p. 122, 
 vol. i.). On the back of the title is 
 another copperplate, headed “This plate 
 of specimens of the first printing at Sc. 
 Albans is humbly inscribed to their 
 representatives in Parliament, James 
 West, Esq., and Sir Peter Thompson, 
 Knt., by Jos. Ames.” There is a fac- 
 simile of the type used by the Unknown 
 Printer, and below the “Arms of Seynt 
 Albons, 1846,” and a colophon, “im- 
 prvnted at S. Albons by me, Joes Hert- 
 ford e, for M. Rychard Stevenage.” The 
 copy is remarkably tall, being in. by 
 5s in., and certainly possesses high 
 bibliographical interest. Rowe Mor^s 
 has been erroneously styled “Reverend” 
 by some writers . — See Faithorne. 
 
 Mores (Edward Row e), M. A. and A. S. S. Account of Letter-Founders. 
 Gentleman? s Magazine , xlix. 556. 
 
 This is the review, published in No- 
 vember, 1779, of Rowe Mores’s book on 
 Typographical Founders, above de- 
 scribed as the Appendix, written by John 
 Nichols. One hundred copies of it were 
 printed, with pagination following that 
 of Mores’s book. The reviewer says : 
 “ The subject of this dissertation is, in 
 some degree, new to the world, and of 
 more importance than at first it may 
 appear to be. Mr. Mores would not 
 
 See Nichols (John). 
 
 have sacrificed so large a portion of time, 
 expense, and labour, on an uninteresting 
 object ; nor need it be added that his 
 extensive abilities and steady persever- 
 ance rendered him, perhaps, of all others, 
 the properest for so difficult an under- 
 taking. He had also the advantage of 
 perusing the manuscripts of the late Mr. 
 James, whence he derived the knowledge 
 of the several Dutch anecdotes he has 
 related.” 
 
 U. OF ILL LIB 
 
52 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Morgan (II.). A Dictionary of Terms used in Printing. Madras-: 
 1863. 8 vo. 2 leaves, pp. 136. One plate of correction-marks. 
 
 Mostly taken from Savage. Printed at the “ Military Male Orphan Asylum 
 Press,” by William Thomas. The Author describes himself as of the ‘ Government 
 Printing Establishment.” 
 
 Mori kn DO (Luigi). La Stampa alia Esposizione di Parigi. Torino : 
 
 1879 - 
 
 Presents a clear view of the condition of the art of printing, as indicated by the 
 specimens shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1878. It is written in an easy and 
 familiar style. • 
 
 La Stampa in America. Note techniche raccolte all’ Esposi- 
 zione di Filadelfia e in una visita alle Tipografie Munsell, &c. 
 Torino : 1876. 8vo. pp. 31. 
 
 An official report upon the Typography at the Philadelphia Exhibition, including 
 visits to various large printing-offices in the United States. 
 
 Moritz (Heinrich). Die Kupferstechkunst und der Stahlstich. 1834. 
 8 vo. 
 
 Morrill (Frederick K. ). The Amateur’s Guide for 1872. A com- 
 plete book of reference relative to the Amateur Editors, Authors, 
 Printers, and Publishers of America. Chicago : 1872. 32mo, 
 
 Morsing (Peter Jensen). Augustissimi principi Frederiko III. 
 Danite, Norvegise, Vandalorum, Gothorumque regi, Duci Slesvici, 
 Holsatise, Stormarise, Dithmarsise, comite in Oldenbourg et 
 Delmenhorst, regi domino fero clementissimo haec litterarum 
 suarum exempla summisse offert fidelis subditus et servus 
 hu millimus Petrus Jani Morsingius Regiae et Academiae typo- 
 graphy. Anno 1658. 4to. pp. 32. 
 
 Exempla literarum typographicarum quae reperiuntur in Regiae 
 
 Majestatis et Academiae Hafniensis typographia primo erecto a 
 Petro Jani Morsingiq, deinde aucta a Henrico et Georgio 
 Godianis, Cornificio Luft, tandem renovata a Johanne Philip. 
 Bockenhoffer regiae Majestatis et Academiae Hafniensis typographis. 
 Hafniae : 1691. Folio. 
 
 Dedicated to King Christian V. Speci- kort Beraetning am Bogtryckeriets 
 mens of Oriental, Greek, Latin, Roman, Opkomst ” with notes, pp. n. 
 and Danish characters, the latter being Morsing was printer to the King in 
 employed in the composition of “ En Copenhagen. He died in 1658. 
 
 Mortimer (Cromwell), M.D. Account of Christopher le Blon’s 
 principles of printing in imitation of painting, and of weaving 
 tapestry in the same manner as brocades. (in “Philosophical 
 Transactions Abridged,” vol. vii., p. 477.) London: 1731. 4to. 
 
 Christopher le Blon was an artist, of whose life we have very few particulars 
 till he was known at Rome in the year 1716. Died 1740. — See Blon (J. C. le), 
 
 Of an Antique Metal Stamp, being one of the instances how 
 
 near the Romans had arrived to the art of Printing. (In “ Philo- 
 sophical Transactions Abridged,” vol. for 1738, p. 248.) London. 
 4to. 
 
 Cromwell Mortimer, M.D., was the Secretary to the Royal Society, and the 
 above forms the substance of communications to that body. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 53 
 
 Morton (Charles). The City Type-Foundry Specimen Book. 167, 
 City Road. London. 1875. 8vo. 
 
 The specimens are set in four columns, style of the face. About 500 different 
 each about 5-ems pica wide, only a few founts are given, together with borders, 
 letters of each fount being shown. These ornaments, cuts, &c. 
 are sufficient, however, to indicate the 
 
 The City Type Foundry Illustrated Specimen Book of Copper- 
 
 face Ornaments, Trade Designs, &c. [London : 1880. 4to.] 
 
 Mosely (Benjamin). Treatise on Tropical Diseases, &c. 
 
 Of the Bellyache to which Painters, Printers, &c., are liable. . . 
 
 London: 1788, 1795, 1803. 8vo. 
 
 Moseriana. Bedenken iiber verschiedene den Buchhandel und das 
 Buchdrucken betreffende Fragen. 1. Stuck. Tubingen: 1782. 8vo. 
 MOTTA (Emilio). Bibliografia Storica Ticinense. Materiale racolto. 
 Zurigo : 1878. 8vo. pp. vi. and 152. 
 
 Contains in the first part : Cenni sulla sui luppo dell’ arte tipografico nel Ticino. 
 Opere edite dagli Agnelli 1747 - 1799 (first printers in Tessin). 
 
 Motteley (Charles). Apei^u sur les erreurs de la Bibliographic 
 speciale des Elzevirs et de leurs annexes, avec quelques decouvertes 
 curieuses sur la typographic hollandaise et beige du I7 e siecle. 
 
 Paris: 1847. i2mo. pp. 40. Reprinted at Brussels : 1848. 
 
 i2mo. pp. 46. 
 
 200 numbered copies printed. An attempt to distinguish the false from the true 
 Elzevirs by their typography. 
 
 Essai bibliographique sur les editions des Elzeviers les plus 
 
 precieuses et les plus recherchees, precede d’une notice sur ces 
 imprimeurs celebres. Paris : 1822. 8vo. 
 
 Motteroz (C.). Essai sur les gravures chimiques en relief. Paris: 
 1871. 8vo. pp. 79, including 2 photo-typo, plates printed in the 
 last sheet. 
 
 A lucid and useful account of the rise and progress of the art of making raised- 
 surface plates for use at a typographical printing-press. It appeared originally in 
 1870 in the French trade-organ, V Imprinter ie. 
 
 - Reproduction heliographique de l’essai sur les gravures 
 
 chimiques en relief. Paris : 1879. i6mo. 4 introductory pages 
 and fac-simile of the pages of the previous edition, 79 in number, 
 including the two plates. 
 
 This is an interesting reproduction of reproduction would lend an additional 
 the above-cited work, which had run out interest to such examples in the eyes of 
 of print for some years. The method the book-lover. 
 
 adopted for its reproduction is a photo- M. Motteroz, the author, is a printer 
 lithographic or heliographic one, but it — typographic, lithographic, and helio- 
 would perhaps have been additionally graphic — of high repute in France, 
 interesting had it been an exemplification His establishment is at No. 31, Rue du 
 of the processes treated of in the book Dragon, Paris, and from that press have 
 itself, that is to say, chemical engraving proceeded a large number of highly-im- 
 in relief for letter-press printing. The portant antiquarian works, many of them 
 clearness and general excellence of the comprising fac -similes, at which the staff 
 copying suggests that the process might of M. Motteroz appear to be especially 
 with advantage be more frequently ap- expert. M. Motteroz is also a frequent 
 plied to the resuscitation of unprocurable contributor to, as well as the printer of, 
 books, and the infallible fidelity of the the Paris journal, V Imprimerie. 
 
54 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Moucherel. Notice sur une construction de Moules propres a 
 fondre de caracteres de l’lmprimerie. 1751. 
 
 Mouillan (F. ). Declaration d’amour d’un imprimeur typographe 
 k une jeune brocheuse. Paris : 1879. 
 
 This is a plaisanterie, in which the technical terms used in Printing and in Book- 
 binding are used. The author describes himself as a printer, and published the 
 production himself. 
 
 Moulinet (J. E. V.). Album du Typographe. Livraisons 1, 2, et 3 
 (Guttenberg, Beranger, et Amour et Psyche). Paris : 1858- 
 1859. 4to. 
 
 This album, executed by a Parisian work, and is a very remarkable typo- 
 compositor, the same who composed the graphical curiosity. It was intended to 
 world -famed Derriey - Album, includes be published in thirty parts, but only 
 portraits, statuary, &c. , done in metal-rule three were issued. 
 
 Moxall (W.). A Proposal for restraining the great licentiousness 
 of the Press throughout Great Britain. Humbly submitted to the 
 Commons by W. Moxall, Gent. A broadside. [Circa 1664.] 
 
 This production proposes that a strict register should be kept of masters, journey- 
 men, printers’ joyners, presses, and amount of type in every printing-house, as 
 the law now requires in Russia . — See Parliamentary Papers. 
 
 Moxon (Joseph). Mechanick Exercises, or, the Doctrine of Handy- 
 works. Began Jan. 1, 1677. And intended to be monthly con- 
 tinued. Printed for Joseph Moxon, 1683. London: 1683. 4to. 
 Vol. i., pp. v. 250; vol. ii. , pp. iv. 394, 
 
 Vol. i. is in 14, vol. ii. in 24 numbers. Several of the numbers have separate 
 title-pages, with dates ranging between 1677 and 1683. 
 
 Mechanick Exercises ; or, the Doctrine of Handyworks. 
 
 Second edition, with additions. 2 parts. London : 1693-1701. 
 4to. 
 
 In irregular numbers of the second and third editions ; several having separate 
 title-pages. Part ii. has a distinct pagination. 
 
 Mechanick Exercises ; or, the Doctrine of Handyworks. To 
 
 which is added Mechanick Dyalling. The third edition. London : 
 
 1703. 4to. 
 
 A portion of the work is of the fourth 
 edition. 
 
 The “Mechanick Exercises” were in- 
 tended to describe all the chief trades, a 
 number to be issued every month ; but the 
 author not meeting with the encourage- 
 ment he expected, only published two 
 volumes. These were issued as a serial, 
 in two-sheet numbers (16 pages 4to.), with 
 one copperplate illustration, or more, to 
 each number, the price being 2d. per sheet 
 and 2d. per plate. Although 500 copies 
 were printed, very few complete sets have 
 been preserved, the work being, perhaps, 
 the most difficult to obtain in the whole 
 range of typographical literature. The 
 “ first volumne ” included the trades of a 
 smith, a joiner, a house-carpenter, &c. 
 The “ second volumne,” published in 
 
 1683, which, on account of its extent, was 
 divided into two parts, was devoted en- 
 tirely to Printing. Part I. describes all 
 the tools of a compositor and a pressman, 
 with the whole art of type-founding. 
 It has two leaves of title and dedication, 
 and 196 pages of text. The plates are 
 “ The true Effigies of John Guttemberg, 
 delineated from the original painting at 
 Mentz, in Germanie ” ; “The true Effi- 
 gies of Laurenz Ians Koster, delineated 
 from his monumental Stone’ Statue at 
 Harlem,” and twenty-two plates as illus- 
 trations of the text. Part 1 1 . has no title- 
 page, beginning on page 197 and ending 
 on page 394. It describes the work of a 
 compositor, a corrector, a pressman, and 
 a warehouseman, concluding with the 
 “ Customs of the Chappel ” and a “ Die- 
 
55 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 TYPE-FOUNDING IN 1683 (FROM MOXON’s “ MECHANICS EXERCISES”). 
 
56 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 tionary of Abstruse Words.” There are 
 eleven plates. The rules of workman- 
 ship are given from Moxon’s own prac- 
 tical experience, and have been copied 
 more or less by every writer on the prac- 
 tice of printing from Smith’s Grammar 
 until now. The work, indeed, is most 
 interesting, from the quaintness of its 
 style, from the ancient trade customs it 
 describes, and from its extreme rarity. 
 A copy has been preserved in the original 
 marbled covers, uncut, and with a printed 
 label on the back of each part ; in fact, 
 just as it was issued by Moxon from 
 “The Atlas,” on the West side of the 
 Fleet-ditch. Further particulars of the 
 book will be found in the sketch of 
 Moxon, infra. 
 
 We reproduce, with unimportant omis- 
 sions, two of the engravings in Moxon 's 
 work. The first represents type-cast- 
 ing as practised in 1683. It is speci- 
 ally interesting from the fact that 
 Moxon, although self-taught, was the first 
 writer who gave a detailed explanation 
 of the art of type-founding. Before the 
 invention of the machine for founding, all 
 types were cast by hand, from a hand- 
 mould, and by a process which received 
 no noticeable improvement for two cen- 
 turies. The type-caster took in his left 
 hand the mould, which was embedded in 
 a wooden frame, and shielded about the 
 jet to protect him from accidental splashes 
 of molten metal. Then with the right 
 hand he took from the melting-pot a 
 spoonful of the hot metal, which he 
 quickly poured into the jet or mouth of 
 
 the mould. At the same instant, with a 
 sudden jerk he threw up his left hand so 
 as to aid the melted metal in making a 
 forcible splash against the matrix at the 
 bottom of the mould. The sudden jerk 
 was necessary to make a good face to the 
 type. The matrix was then removed 
 with the right hand, and giving the 
 mould a toss, the founder threw out the 
 type. It is unfortunate that we have no 
 minute account of the art of type-making 
 earlier than that of Moxon’s. 
 
 We also present the supposititious 
 portrait of Koster, taken from Moxon. 
 It is a copy of the portrait published by 
 Scriverius, not quite two centuries after 
 Koster is said to have died. Mr. De Vinne, 
 to whom we are indebted for our illustra- 
 tions, well points out that the only 
 evidence as to the accuracy of the por- 
 trait is that of Scriverius himself. Van 
 der Linde suggests that it may be a 
 portrait of Gerrit Thomaszoon, appro- 
 priated for the exigency. There is a 
 peculiarity in the engraving which plainly 
 proves that the portrait could not have 
 been painted during the lifetime of 
 Koster. The “ true effigies of Koster” 
 represents the alleged inventor as carry- 
 ing in his left hand a matrix of the 
 letter A, of the Roman form ; but letters 
 of Roman form were not used at Haar- 
 lem in 1440. Books attributed to Koster 
 have letters in the Gothic style. This 
 engraving was copied by Luckombe, as 
 a frontispiece to his “ History of Print- 
 ing,” where it is given as a portrait of 
 Gutenberg ! 
 
 Moxon (Joseph). Proves of several sorts of Letters cast by Joseph 
 Moxon. Westminster. Printed by Joseph Moxon in Russell Street 
 at the signe of the Atlas. Broadside. 1669. 
 
 This is the earliest specimen issued by an English type-foundry with a date. 
 The punches are badly cut, and the “proves” worse printed. 
 
 Regulae trium Ordinum Literarum Typographicarum : or, the 
 
 Rules of the Three Orders of Print Letters ; viz., the Roman, 
 Italick, and English ; Capitals and Small. London : 1676. 4to. 
 Title and dedication to Sir Christopher Wren. 2 leaves and text, 
 pp. 32. 38 plates. 
 
 All the letters are formed by rigid rule 
 of right angles and portions of circles. 
 They show up as ugly as might be ex- 
 pected from such a plan. 
 
 Joseph Moxon was born, as the in- 
 scription to his portrait informs us, at 
 Wakefield, in Yorkshire, August 8, 1627. 
 Details of his early career are wanting, 
 but it is probable that he was educated 
 at the celebrated grammar-school then 
 
 existing in his native town. He appears 
 to have shown great aptitude for the 
 mathematical sciences, especially geome- 
 try and astronomy, and their applications 
 to land-surveying, navigation, and other 
 pursuits. W ith such acquirements, it is 
 most probable that on his leaving Wake- 
 field and going to the metropolis he was 
 apprenticed to a mathematical-instrument 
 maker, and pursued his studies during 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 57 
 
 Vic true of Laurcnz Ians . Ivoflcr./W/ tieaicd 
 
 from, his MonitmcntalL Stone, Statue frcctcd at 
 Harlem . 
 
 MEAIORI/A 
 
 SACRV31. 
 
 IAVRENTIO 
 COiTIHO, 
 HARXEMXN'Sr, 
 ALTERI CADMO, 
 ET ARTIS 
 TY PO GMFHTCffi 
 CIRCA AN.DCJlf . 
 M.CCCC.XIX 
 'INVENTOBI 
 
 PRXKO, 
 
 tBRNTE Dj3 UTERIS 
 AC To TO O JTBE 
 MERENTyiANC 
 <^;X - C - q. 
 
 S TATVAM,QVIA 
 ,ART/ A AVT MAR 
 MOREADE EVTT, 
 IROM9WMEK 
 To Royvrrcivi^ 
 GRATIS SIM VS 
 
 ipeitlvs 
 
 £ciuveiuvs 
 
 PORTRAIT OF 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 ROSTER, AFTER SCRIVERIUS (FROM MOXON’S 
 
 I 
 
 MECHANICK EXERCISES”). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 5 » 
 
 the period of his servitude. It is cer- 
 tain that he subsequently set up in busi- 
 ness for hirnself at a shop with the sign 
 of “The Atlas.” A picture of this sign, 
 — the ancient god bearing the globe on 
 his shoulders, — is engraved in one of 
 Moxon’s books. His first shop was 
 situated on “the West Side of Fleet 
 Ditch”; but between 1680 and 1683 he 
 had removed, as his title-pages indicate, 
 to a shop in that part of what is now 
 known as Ludgate Hill, which was then 
 called Ludgate Street. He appears to 
 have made the acquaintance of some of 
 the most eminent scientific men of his 
 day, as is shown by the dedications of 
 his various works. At the Great File of 
 London his shop was burnt down, and 
 the issue of some of his publications was 
 suspended. Apologies for their non- 
 appearance, and promises of their re- 
 newed publication after he had become 
 settled again, may be found in several of 
 his serials. 
 
 On November 30, 1678, Moxon was 
 elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. 
 In the “History of the Royal Society 
 of London for Improving of Natural 
 Knowledge,” &c., by Thomas Birch, 
 D. D., Secretary to the Society (4to. 
 London, 1777), we find this entry : — 
 “ Nov. 28, 1678, the President, Sir 
 Joseph Williamson, in the chair. The 
 several candidates formerly proposed 
 
 were balloted for and elected 
 
 Mr. Joseph Moxon, proposed by Mr. 
 George Ent, twenty-seven votes, four 
 negatives.” We have consulted the 
 Philosophical Transactions, but cannot 
 find that he contributed any paper to the 
 Proceedings of that learned society. He 
 was subsequently appointed, as we learn 
 from some of his title-pages, “ Hydro- 
 grapher to the King,” an office that was 
 created by Charles II. in order that 
 charts of the different ocean routes then 
 followed should be compiled, and the 
 Colonial possessions of the kingdom 
 duly surveyed. A salary of ^800 per 
 annum was attached to the office. At 
 the present day a retired naval officer is 
 always appointed to the post. 
 
 The most interesting personal details 
 concerning Moxon, and perhaps those to 
 which this Bibliography should most 
 properly confine itself, are to be obtained 
 from the dedications and prefaces of his 
 different works, especially the “ Me- 
 chanick Exercises.” The title-page, as 
 already mentioned, states that the book 
 was “ Began Jan. 1, 1677. And in- 
 tended to be continued.” It was 
 “Printed for Joseph Moxon, 1683.” 
 The preface begins thus quaintly: “I 
 
 see no more reason why the sordidness 
 of some workmen should be the cause of 
 contempt upon manual operations, than 
 that the excellent invention of a mill 
 should be despised because a blind horse 
 draws in it. And though the mechanics 
 be by some accounted ignorable and 
 scandalous, yet it is very well known 
 that many gentlemen in the nation, of 
 good rank and high quality, are conver- 
 sant in handy-works ; and other nations 
 exceed us in numbers of such. _ How 
 pleasant and healthy this diversion is 
 their minds and bodies find, and how 
 harmless and honest all sober men may 
 judge. ” After showing that although 
 to arrive at the “ original ” of mechanics 
 is impossible, it is certain that man only 
 devised the use of tools, the author 
 apologises in this fashion for writing a 
 technical work: — “The Lord Bacon in 
 his ‘ Natural History ’ reckons that phi- 
 losophy would be improved by having 
 the secrets of all trades lye open ; not 
 only because much experimental philo- 
 sophy is caught among them, but also 
 that the trades themselves might by a 
 philosopher be improved. Besides, I 
 find that one trade may borrow many 
 eminent helps in work of another trade. 
 Hitherto I cannot learn that any hath 
 undertaken this task, though I could 
 have wisht it had been performed by an 
 abler hand than mine ; yet since it is not, 
 
 I have ventured upon it. For having 
 for many years been conversant in handy- 
 works, and especially in those trades 
 wherein the chief knowledge of all 
 handy- works lie, viz., smithing, found- 
 ing, drawing, joinery, turning, and en- 
 graving, printing books and pictures, 
 globe and map making, mathematical 
 instruments, &c., I am willing to com- 
 municate to the public the knowledge I 
 have attained to. But because the whole 
 will be both a work of time and great 
 charge, I mean to try by the sale of some 
 few monthly exercises what encourage- 
 ment I may have to run through all, if I 
 live so long, and accordingly to continue 
 or desist. I thought to have given these 
 Exercises the title of ‘ The Doctrine of 
 Handy-crafts,’ but when I better con- 
 sidered the true meaning of the. word 
 handy-crafts, I found the Doctrine would 
 not bear it, because handy-craft signifies 
 cunning, or sleight, or craft of the hand, 
 which cannot be taught by words, but 
 is only gained by practice and exercise ; 
 therefore I shall not undertake that, 
 with the bare reading of these exercises, 
 any shall be able to perform these handy- 
 works : but I may safely tell you that 
 these are the rules that every one that 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 59 
 
 will endeavour to perform them must 
 follow ; and that by the true observing 
 them he may, according to his stock of 
 ingenuity and zeal in diligence, sooner 
 or later inure his hand to the cunning or 
 craft of working like a handy-craft, and 
 consequently be able to perform them in 
 time.” Moxon then explains why he 
 begins with “ Smithing,” and not with 
 “a more curious and less vulgar art,” 
 and shows that “smithing” stands as 
 an introduction to most other trades — 
 “ all, with the smith, working upon the 
 straight, square, or circle, though with 
 different tools, upon different matter, and 
 they all having dependence upon the 
 smith’s trade, and not the smith upon 
 them.” Among these dependent trades 
 he enumerates Printing. In fact, Moxon 
 devised a complete system of technical 
 education, and one which has been lately 
 advocated after lying dormant some 
 two hundred years. His breadth of 
 view and practicality of aim are worthy 
 of notice. Not less remarkable was the 
 lucidity and unmistakableness of his 
 language. In his instructions, nothing 
 that the student should know is regarded 
 as too trivial for notice ; and everything 
 is explained in concise and expressive 
 terms. His first sentence is as follows : — 
 “ Smithing is an art-manual by which an 
 irregular lump (or several lumps) of iron 
 is wrought into an intended shape.” In 
 this, as in other respects, the style of his 
 writing is worthy of imitation by later 
 authors engaged upon the same class of 
 subjects. 
 
 The second “ Volumne,” as already 
 stated, was that which related to Print- 
 ing. It was the first of his publications 
 issued from the “West Side of Fleet 
 Ditch.” The first part is dated 1683, 
 and dedicated “To the Right Reverend 
 Father in God, John, Lord Bishop of 
 Oxford, and Dean of Christchurch ; and 
 to the Right Honourable Sir Leoline 
 Jenkins, Knight, and Principal Secretary 
 of State ; and to the Right Honourable 
 Sir Joseph Williamson, Knight, and one 
 of his Majesty’s most honomable Privy 
 Council.” The fact of such eminent 
 personages accepting the dedication of a 
 merely practical book, describing ordi- 
 nary handicrafts, appears to suggest that 
 at its origin technical literature took a 
 higher > position in the “ republic of 
 letters ” than it now appears to possess. 
 The dedication begins : “ Your ardent 
 affections to promote Typographic [>/r] 
 has eminently appeared in the great 
 charge you have been at to make 
 it famous here in England, whereby 
 this royal island stands particularly 
 
 obliged to your generous and public 
 spirits, and the whole commonwealth 
 of bookmen throughout the world to 
 your candid zeal for the promulgation 
 of good learning. Wherefore I humbly 
 dedicate this piece of typographic to 
 your honours, and as it is (I think) 
 the first of this nature, so I hope 
 you will favourably excuse small faults 
 in this undertaking ; for great ones I 
 hope there are none, unless it be in this 
 presumptuous Dedication, for which 1 
 humbly beg your honours’ pardon.” 
 Moxon begins his treatise on Printing 
 with a version of the origin of the art, 
 but it is only now useful as showing the 
 small amount of knowledge on the sub- 
 ject that was prevalent in his day. He 
 does not dogmatically claim the inven- 
 tion for either Koster or Gutenberg, and 
 concludes by saying: “Whoever were 
 the inventors of this art, or (as some 
 authors will have it) Science ; nay. 
 Science of Sciences (say they), certain it 
 is that in all its branches it can be deem- 
 able little less than a science ; and I 
 hope I say not too much of typographic ; 
 for Dr. Dee, in his mathematical pre- 
 face to ‘Euclid’s Elements of Geometry,’ 
 hath worthily taken pains to make archi- 
 tecture a mathematical science ; and as 
 a virtual proof of his own learned plea, 
 quotes two authentic authors, viz., Vitru- 
 vius and Leo Baptista, who both give 
 their descriptions and applause of archi- 
 tecture ; his arguments are somewhat 
 copious, and the original easily procur- 
 able in the English tongue ; therefore, 
 instead of transcribing it, I shall refer 
 my reader to the text itself. Upon the 
 consideration of what he has said in 
 behalf of Architecture, I find that a 
 typographer ought to be equally quali- 
 fied with all the sciences that become 
 an architect, and then, I think, no 
 doubt remains that Typographic is not 
 also a mathematical science. For my 
 own part, I weighed it well in my 
 thoughts, and find all the accomplish- 
 ments and some more of an architect 
 necessary in a typographer, and though 
 my business be not argumentation, yet 
 my reader, by perusing the following 
 discourse, may perhaps satisfy himself 
 that a typographer ought to be a man of 
 science. 
 
 “By a typographer I do not mean a 
 printer , as he is vulgarly accounted, any 
 more than Dr. Dee means a carpenter 
 or mason to be an architect. But by a 
 typographer I mean such a one who, by 
 his own judgment, fro n solid reasoning 
 with himself, can either perform, or 
 direct others to perform, from the begin- 
 
6o 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ning to the end all the handy-works and 
 physical operations relating to typo- 
 graphic. Such a scientific man was 
 doubtless he who was the first inventor 
 of typographic ; but I think few have 
 succeeded him in science, though the 
 number of founders and printers be 
 grown very many, insomuch that for the 
 more easy managing of typographic the 
 operators have found it necessary to 
 divide it into several trades, each of 
 which (in the strictest sense) stands no 
 nearer related to typographic than car- 
 pentering or masonry, &c., are to archi- 
 tecture. The several divisions that are 
 made are ; — 
 
 “ First, the master printer, who is as 
 the soul of printing, and all the work- 
 men as members of the body, governed 
 by that soul, subservient to him ; for the 
 letter-cutter would cut no letters, the 
 founder not sink the matrices or cast 
 and dress the letters, the smith and 
 joiner not make the press and other 
 utensils for printing, the compositor not 
 compose the letters, the corrector not 
 read proves, the pressmen not work the 
 formes off at the press, or the inck- 
 maker make inck to work them with, 
 but by orders from the master printer. 
 Secondly, the letter-cutter, ] 
 
 Thirdly, the letter-caster, > Founders. 
 Fourthly,theletter-dresser, J 
 But very few founders exercise or, in- 
 deed, can perform all these several 
 trades ; though each of these are indif- 
 ferently called letter-founders. 
 
 Fifthly, the compositor. 
 
 Sixthly, the corrector. 
 
 Seventhly, the pressman, 
 
 Eighthly, the inck-maker, 
 
 Besides several other trades they take in 
 to their assistance, as the smith, the 
 joiner, &c.” 
 
 Moxon’s distinction between a typo- 
 grapher and a printer seems somewhat 
 whimsical ; but his explanation is signi- 
 ficant of the estimation in which he held 
 a man who was a thorough master of his 
 business. 
 
 An “Advertisement” follows this in- 
 troduction. It begins, — 
 
 “The continuation of my setting forth 
 ‘ Mechanick Exercises ’ having been ob- 
 structed by the breaking out of the Plot 
 [the Gunpowder Plot], which took off the 
 minds of my few customers from buying 
 them as formerly, and being of late 
 much importuned by many worthy per- 
 sons to continue them, I have promised 
 to go on again, upon condition that a 
 competent number of them may be taken 
 off my hand by subscribers, soon after 
 the publication of them in the Gazet 
 
 [mV]; or posting up titles, or by the 
 Mercurius Librarius, &c.” The three 
 methods named of announcing the publi- 
 cation of a book are curious ; and con- 
 trast remarkably with the advertising 
 facilities of the present day. Moxon 
 continues : “ Therefore such gentlemen 
 or others as are willing to promote the 
 coming forth of these Exercises are de- 
 sired to subscribe their names and places 
 of abode, that so such persons as live 
 about this city may have them sent so 
 soon as they come forth, quick sale being 
 the best encouragement. Some gentle- 
 men (to whom they are very acceptable) 
 tell me they will take them when all 
 trades are finished, which cannot reason- 
 ably be expected from me (my years 
 considered) in my lifetime, which implies 
 they will be customers when I’me dead, 
 or perhaps by that time some of them- 
 selves. The price of these books will be 
 2d. for each printed sheet, and 2d. for 
 each print taken off of copper cuts. ” The 
 words ‘ ‘ copper cuts ” seem to have been 
 in vogue in Moxon’s time, to distinguish 
 engravings on plates from engravings on 
 wood. We now speak of wood -cuts and 
 copperplate engravings. The author 
 explains that, “There are three reasons 
 why this price cannot be thought dear. 
 1. The writing is all new matter, not 
 collected or translated from any other 
 authors, and the drafts of the cuts all 
 drawn from the tools and machines used 
 in each respective trade. 2. I print but 
 500 on [sic] each sheet. And those upon 
 good paper, which makes the charge of 
 printing dear, proportionable to great 
 numbers. 3. Some trades are particu- 
 larly affected by some customers (who 
 desire not the rest), and .consequently 
 sooner sold off, which renders the re- 
 mainder of the unsold Exercises unper- 
 fect, and therefore not acceptable to such 
 as desire all ; so that they will remain as 
 waste paper on my hands.” Plainness of 
 speech was certainly a characteristic of 
 Joseph Moxon. 
 
 The section relating to “ the art of 
 letter-cutting ” opens with the following 
 preface : — “ Letter-cutting is a handy- 
 work hitherto kept so concealed among 
 the artificers of it that I cannot learn 
 any one hath taught it any other, but 
 every one that has used it learnt it of 
 his own genuine inclination. Therefore, 
 though I cannot (as in other trades) 
 describe the general practice of work- 
 men, yet the rules I follow I shall show 
 here, and have as good an opinion of 
 those rules as those have that are shyest 
 of discovering theirs. For, indeed, by 
 the appearance of some work done, a 
 
 | Printers. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 6 
 
 MOXON, THE FIRST ENGLISH WRITER ON THE MECHANICS OF TYPOGRAPHY. 
 
62 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 judicious eye may doubt whether they 
 go by any rule at all, though geometric 
 rules, in no practice whatever, ought to 
 be more nicely or exactly observed than 
 in this.” 
 
 It seems difficult in reading the 
 minute particulars given by Moxon of 
 the art of type-founding to believe that 
 he was not in some way or other (per- 
 haps surreptitiously) assisted by a prac- 
 tical man ; for he gives not only what 
 he calls his own method of working, but 
 the technical workshop names of the 
 parts of the different tools as used by 
 the men who actually followed type- 
 founding as a business. If he had no 
 instruction of this kind Moxon must 
 have been nearly as wonderful a man as 
 Gutenberg himself, for he must have 
 discovered the entire process of type- 
 founding and have invented his own tools. 
 It is a fact, however, accepted by type- 
 founders since, that not only the form of 
 the tools, but the terminology employed 
 by Moxon was that in general use by 
 regular practitioners of his day, which, 
 as we have said, casts doubt upon his 
 statement that he learnt the art of no 
 one. Moxon’s career as a type-founder 
 extended from 1650 to 1683. His types, 
 as shown by the “Proves ” above cited, 
 were modelled chiefly on those of the 
 Elzevirs, but there were peculiarities in 
 the shapes, caused, no doubt, through 
 his carrying out of the theory of a 
 “ mathematical proportion ” in the let- 
 ters, referred to in his “ Regulum trium 
 Ordinum,” also previously referred to. 
 Moxon is said to have died in 1686, but 
 this must be an error, unless some of his 
 works were issued posthumously. It 
 may be interesting, as showing the 
 range of his studies, to reprint, from the 
 Catalogue of the British Museum, a 
 complete list (arranged in chronological 
 order) of Moxon’s works, at least as 
 far as they are at present known. We 
 except the typographical books already 
 referred to : — 
 
 1665. Translation of Barozzi’s Vignola, 
 or the compleat Architect. 
 
 1668. Mechanick Dyalling. 
 
 1670. Practical Perspective. 
 
 1674. Passage of the North Pole. 
 
 1674. Tutor to Astronomy and Geo- 
 graphy. 
 
 1677. Translation of Euclid. 
 
 1679. Mathematics made Easy. 
 
 1686. Tutor to Astronomy and Geo- 
 graphy. 4th edition. 
 
 1691. Sacred Geographica— a transla- 
 tion. 
 
 1694. Vignola. New edition. 
 
 1697, Passage of the North Pole. New 
 
 edition. 
 
 1699. Tutor to Astronomy and Geo- 
 
 graphy. Fifth edition. 
 
 1700. Mathematics made Easy. New 
 
 edition. 
 
 1702. Mechanic Powers — a translation. 
 
 The last-named is the latest work 
 named in the Catalogue, and if Moxon 
 was alive at the time of its publication he 
 would be seventy-five years of age. 
 
 Moxon’s Portrait. — Our portrait of 
 Moxon is reproduced by the typographic 
 etching process, from a copperplate en- 
 graving forming the frontispiece to the 
 “Tutor to Astronomy and Geography” 
 (4th edition, 1686). It is slightly re- 
 duced from the original. The book 
 named was stated in the imprint to be 
 “printed by S. Roycroft, for Joseph 
 Moxon, and sold at his shop in Ludgate 
 Street, at the sign of Atlas.” It is 
 dedicated to Roger, Piarl of Castlemain, 
 who is said to have “ invented the 
 English Globe,” and written a book upon 
 its use. Moxon refers, in an address to 
 the reader, to his translation of “ Blaw’s 
 book ” on a somewhat similar subject as 
 that of the “Tutor to Astronomy,” mean- 
 ing Blaeu, who, as is known, was the 
 inventor of the improved wooden press, 
 a skilful printer, and, like Moxon, a 
 distinguished mathematician. 
 
 The “Tutor to Astronomy and Geo- 
 graphy ” exposes the remarkable ignor- 
 ance of what would now be regarded as 
 the first principles of those sciences 
 which prevailed up to the close of the 
 17th century. The utmost credence 
 appears also to have been given to 
 “ lying Astrology,” and the fourth sec- 
 tion of the book is devoted to “ showing 
 the practical use of the globes, applying 
 them to the solution of astrological 
 problems.” The following sentences ex- 
 hibit Moxon’s own views on the subject : 
 “ The practice of astrology is founded 
 on a twofold doctrine ; the first for erect- 
 ing a figure of heaven, placing the 
 planets in it, finding what aspects they 
 bear each other, and in what places of 
 heaven they are constituted, &c. * And 
 this we call the astronomical part of 
 astrology. The second is, how to judge 
 of the events of things by the figure 
 erected ; and this is, indeed, the only 
 astrological part.” The “ face of hea- 
 ven ” was “divided into twelve parts, 
 which are called the twelve houses.” 
 Four of these were named Cardinals, 
 and these were again subdivided into 
 a variety of imaginary and fantastically 
 named “ spaces.” The complexity and 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 63 
 
 quasi-scientific appearance of the elabo- 
 rate problems, together with the mys- 
 teriousness of the diagrams, excite 
 laughter no less than pity, that men of 
 substantial ability, evident conscien- 
 tiousness, and wide learning, such as 
 Moxon and his contemporaries, should 
 have reposed the slightest belief in such 
 absurdities. At p. 271 of the “Tutor” 
 is a “ Catalogue of books, maps, and 
 
 instruments made and sold by Joseph 
 Moxon, at his shop in Ludgate Street, 
 at the sign of the Atlas.” Among the 
 list is named “ Mechanick Exercises, 
 in two volumes, the first volume con- 
 taining the smith’s, joyner’s, carpenter’s, 
 and turner’s trades. The second volume 
 containing all the trades relating to 
 typography or the art of printing.” 
 
 Moyes (James). Specimens of the Types commonly used in the 
 Temple Printing-Office, Bouverie Street ; with their names and 
 the names of the Founders : also Specimens of Wood-engravings. 
 London : 1826. 8vo. 
 
 It is a noteworthy fact that the Temple 
 Printing-office was the first building 
 erected in London expressly as a printing- 
 office, and its proprietor, in the “ adver- 
 tisement ” which is prefixed to this bro- 
 chure , points with natural pride to the 
 “very advantageous construction of the 
 building.” Preceding the specimens of 
 types, with their names and the names of 
 the founders, there is a Summary of the 
 Origin of Language, Writing, and Print- 
 ing. The wrapper has a woodcut eleva- 
 tion of the building, and a sectional view 
 of the interior of the principal composing- 
 room is given on the title-page. Unfor- 
 tunately, these desirable premises had to 
 be relinquished by Mr. Moyes, who, 
 commencing business in 1807, was burnt 
 out in Greville Street in 1824, and 
 migrated from Bouverie Street to Castle 
 Street, Leicester Square, where he issued 
 a specimen book, with a woodcut view 
 of the house on the wrapper, in 1831 (8vo.). 
 Here he took as a partner Mr. George 
 Barclay, the style of the firm becoming 
 Moyes & Barclay. On Mr. Moyes’s re- 
 tirement Mr. Barclay for several years 
 carried on the business alone ; he was. 
 
 however, induced to relinquish it, and be- 
 came proprietor of his father’s large patent 
 medicine business in Farringdon Street. 
 The printing business in Castle Street 
 next passed into the hands of Mr. John 
 Strangeways and a relation named Wal- 
 den, but the latter subsequently retiring, 
 the concern was for some years solely in 
 the hands of Mr. Strangeways, who also 
 being burnt out in 1878, has erected a 
 new office in Tower Street, Long Acre. 
 He. has since July, 1879, taken his two 
 sons into partnership. The Bouverie 
 Street office is now, and has been for 
 many years, in the occupation of a firm of 
 dry-salters. Mr. Moyes was a very good 
 printer, and three of his staff left his ser- 
 vice and set up for themselves in New 
 Street Square, their firm being first 
 known as that of Levey, Franklin, & 
 Robson, and then as Levey & Robson. 
 Ultimately this partnership was dissolved, 
 each taking a separate office. Mr. Levey 
 is since dead, as also Mr. Robson, who 
 had previously retired in favour of his two 
 sons, though the firm is styled Robson & 
 Sons, their business being carried on at 
 St. Pancras Road, King’s Cross. 
 
 Mozet (Claude). Epreuves des Caracteres de la Fonderie de Cl. 
 Mozet a Paris. 1743. 4to. 
 
 Muehlbrecht (Otto). Der hollandische Buchhandel seit Coster. 
 Leipzig : 1867. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 Mueller (A.). Gutenberg oder das Fest der Buchdruckerkunst. 
 Eine Cantate. 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Mueller (G. ). Drei Leichpredigten, die eine beim Begrabniss des 
 L. Cranach, die andern zwei bei den Begrabnissen seiner Sohne 
 durch Egidius Hunnius. Wittemberg : 1596. 4to. 
 
 An oratiorf pronounced at the funeral of the celebrated wood-engraver Lucus 
 Cranach, with two on his sons, by Hunnius. 
 
 Mueller (Professor H.). Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. Als 
 Fortsetzung der Abhandlung iiber Menschenwiirde und Menschen- 
 bildung in Nr. 47 des Sonntagsblattes . Article in Sonntagsblatt , 
 No. 49. Hildesheim, Dec. 5, 1824. 4to. 
 
64 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Mueller (Johann Immanuel). Die Leipziger Buchdruckerey nach 
 ihrer ersten Beschaffenheit. Leipzig: 1720. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 Mueller (Joseph). Ein Autographon Peter Schoeffers in einer Tncu- 
 nabel der konigl. Univ. Bibli. zu Konigsberg i. Pr. Konigsberg : 
 1869. Large 4to. pp. 8. With lithographic fac-similes. 
 
 Mueller (V.). Beschreibung des Festes dem Andenken des Erfinders 
 der Buchdruckerkunst Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg, 
 gefeiert in Mainz am 4. Oktober, 1824, von sammtlichen Herren 
 Schriftsetzern, Buchdruckern, und Schriftgiessern daselbst, bei 
 Gelegenheit der Einweihung des dem grossen Erfinder von der 
 Casino-Gesellschaft im Hofe zum Gutenberg gesetzten Denksteins. 
 Mainz : 1824. 8vo. pp. 64, and 3 plates. 
 
 Liedern an Weihungsfeste des zu Ehren Gutenbergs errichteten 
 
 Denksteins im Hofe zum Gutemberg in Mainz 1824, mit die 
 Abbildung des Denksteins, und eine extra Beilage des Vereins- 
 blattes, die Beschreibung der Errichtung des Standbildes Guten- 
 bergs im Garten des Gutenb. Hauses 4. Oct., 1827, enthaltend, 
 mit die Reden und Poesien der Herren Lehne, Schaab, Huguier 
 u. Le Roux. Mainz : 1827. 8vo. 
 
 Muerschel (Israel). Flos reipublicos Argentinensis. Strasburg : 
 1683. (See, on p. 46, an account of the invention of printing.) 
 
 Munch-Schaubert-Negelein. Primaria quaedam Documenta de 
 Origine Typographiae. Quorum illustratorum partem primam sub 
 praesidio Christiani Gottlibii Schwarzii. ... a xii. Novembris, 
 a. s. r. mdccxxxx, Disquisitione Academicae subiicit Benedictus 
 Guilielmus Munch. Altorfii [1740]. 4to. pp. 3b. 
 
 Partem Alteram. ... ad Disquirendum proponit Jo. Guiliel- 
 mus Schaubert. Altorfii [1740]. qto. pp. 56. 
 
 Partem Tertiam. . . . Disputandi caussa proponit Gustavus 
 
 Philippus Negelein. Altorfii [1740]. 4to. pp. 68. 
 
 Munday (Eugene H.). The Press of Philadelphia in 1870-71, 
 with an Historical Introduction. 
 
 Published monthly in the Proof Sheet (Philadelphia), which is edited by Mr. 
 
 Munday. — See Periodical Publications. 
 
 Cabinet Poems. Philadelphia : 1879. 8vo. pp. 88. 
 
 In this volume of poems is included the Caxton poem, “ Margaret of Burgundy.” 
 
 The Cost of Paper, computed and tabulated for the Printer 
 
 and the Publisher. Philadelphia : 1875. Oblong 4to. 
 
 Munden (Christian). Danck-Predigt welche am dritten Jubelfest 
 wegen Erfindung der lobl. Buchdruckerkunst zu Frankfurt 
 gehalten worden. Nebst einem historischen Bericht von den 
 ersten Erfindern dieser Kunst, denen frankfurlisehen Buchdruckern 
 und sein 3 ten Buchdrucker Jubelfeste, vollendet durch J. E. G. v. 
 Klettenberg. Frankfurt-a. -M. : 1741. With appendix: Der 
 Jubel-Postulat-Prologus mit den darauf gedruckten Carminibus. 
 3 plates. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 65 
 
 Munier (J. B. ). Nouveau Guide de rimprimerie. Paris: 1869. 
 8vo. 
 
 This book possesses an interest rather useful to those who wish to acquire a 
 of an antiquarian than of a practical knowledge of the French equivalents to 
 chaiacter, but it gives a good account of our technical terms, 
 the French modes of printing, and is 
 
 Munniic (J. H. D.). Bepalingen omtrent den boekhandel en de 
 drukpers in Nederland. Joure : 1853. 8vo. 
 
 Munsell (Charles). A Collection of Songs of the American Press, 
 and other Poems relating to the Art of Printing. Albany : 1868. 
 Small 4to. pp. viii. 207. 
 
 The compiler is the son of Mr. Joel Munsell ( q . 7/.). He was born Dec. 29, 1852. 
 
 Munsell (Joel). Bibliotheca Munselliana. A Catalogue of the 
 Books and Pamphlets issued from the Press of Joel Munsell, 
 from the year 1828 to 1870. Albany (privately printed) : 1872. 
 8vo. pp. 19 1. 
 
 A curious list, occasionally annotated copies with the view of getting one to 
 with racy anecdotes and humorous re- interleave, and in this way to record the 
 collections of the books printed in Mr. circumstances attending the issue of the 
 Munsell’s establishment. The compiler different books which bear his imprint, 
 went to the expense of printing a few 
 
 Catalogue of a Bibliographical Library, offered for sale com- 
 
 plete, at the prices affixed, collected by Joel Munsell. Albany : 
 1856. 8vo. pp. 38. 
 
 Catalogue of Books on Printing and the kindred Arts ; em- 
 bracing also, Works on Copyright, Liberty of the Press, Libel, 
 Literary Property, Bibliography, &c. Albany : 1868. 8vo. 
 pp. iv. 47. 
 
 Outlines of the History of Printing, and Sketches of the 
 
 early Printers. 1839. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 Writing about thirty years after, Mr. attached as the author or compiler. It 
 Munsell says : — “This was taken almost was issued merely to circulate as a speci- 
 entirelyfrom Thomas’s ‘ History of Print- men of printing. Edition, 100 copies.” 
 ing,’ to which my name was unwisely 
 
 — The Typographical Miscellany — Historical and Practical. 
 Albany : 1850. 8vo. Title, preface, and contents, pp. vi. 268. 
 Woodcuts. 
 
 200 copies, published in numbers. 
 
 The author says (“ Munsell Imprints”): 
 “This was begun with the view of col- 
 lecting the history of printing in the 
 State of New York by counties. The co- 
 operation of printers was expected in so 
 interesting a subject. But it was found 
 that many printers kept no files of their 
 papers, and had no knowledge of their 
 predecessors, nor did they entertain any 
 disposition to aid such an enterprise. 
 The original plan was soon abandoned as 
 impracticable, and a diversion made in 
 the scope of the work.” 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Mr. Joel Munsell was a printer, pub- 
 lisher, and new and old bookseller, carry- 
 ing on business at Albany, N. Y. He 
 was born April 14, 1808, in Northfield, 
 Massachusetts, and died 23rd January, 
 1880, in Albany. In 1828 he started a 
 periodical called the A Ibany Minerva. 
 He says in his “ Bibliotheca Munsell- 
 iana”: — “This was printed while I 
 was a' clerk in a book-store, and 
 less than twenty years of age. I 
 went along North and South Market 
 Streets one day and procured 150 sub- 
 scribers for a semi-monthly paper, at 375 
 K 
 
66 
 
 Bibliography of Prinling. 
 
 cents a quarter ; purchased a small fount 
 of types, prepared the copy, and set up 
 the types in the store at leisure moments ; 
 worked off the paper at night, on a 
 Ramage press, with balls, and the next 
 morning delivered it at the doors of my 
 subscribers. On the morning of the 12th 
 February I announced the death of De 
 Witt Clinton at the same hour with the 
 daily papers. I retired from this enter- 
 prise at the end of the quarter to take a 
 situation on a daily newspaper, as com- 
 positor, and did not go into business until 
 1834.” In October, 1836, he purchased a 
 job-printing office of Thomas G. Wait, at 
 No. 58, State Street, where his office 
 (since entirely rebuilt) is still situated. 
 
 In 1842, the publishers of “ Webster’s 
 Calendar, or the Albany Almanack,” 
 which had been gradually decreasing in 
 sale for several previous years, resolved 
 to abandon its publication. Mr. Mun- 
 sell made them the proposition to con- 
 tinue it as long as he lived, although its 
 sale might entirely cease, so that he 
 should need but a single copy for himself, 
 and to pay them a royalty for the title of 
 a certain number of copies each year 
 during their lives. He found immediate 
 sale for 20,000 copies, and it has been 
 printed ever since. 
 
 In 1844 he printed a pamphlet, called 
 “ Pulpit Sketches, or the Dreams of a 
 Pew-Holder,” and was fined 250 dollars 
 and sent to imprisonment in the gaol for 
 contempt of court in refusing to answer 
 the question, who was the author ? 
 After a week’s incarceration the fine 
 was paid on his behalf. Mr. Munsell, 
 during his business career, printed a very 
 large number of standard books, many of 
 them being admirable specimens of typo- 
 graphy. Not content, however, with 
 printing other people’s productions, he 
 nearly every year, issued one or more 
 works of his own compilation or 
 authorship. Among them are standard 
 books on local history and archaeology. 
 Several years ago, he began to collect 
 books on Printing and the kindred arts, 
 and spent about 3,000 dollars in the en- 
 terprise. Finding, however, that to com- 
 plete it would lead him into a larger 
 expenditure than he desired, he discon- 
 tinued the pursuit, but published a list of 
 the books in pamphlet form, noticed above, 
 which has been of much use to biblio- 
 graphers. Subsequently, the collection, 
 almost in its entirety, was sold to the New 
 York State Library (q. 7'.), which thereby 
 was put in possession of a technical 
 library of printing that was quite unri- 
 valled at the time. Mr. Munsell mate- 
 rially assisted by his large and curious 
 
 knowledge of the subject in the revised 
 and enlarged issue of Thomas’s “History 
 of Printing in America,” of which he was 
 the printer. 
 
 Mr. Munsell was the author of an excel- 
 lent treatise entitled “A Chronology of 
 Paper and Paper-making, with an account 
 of the materials used for making paper, 
 and a history of the rise and progress of 
 the art from the earliest times ” (1876). 
 He states that this, the fifth, was to be 
 the final issue of this work. It traces 
 the progress of the manufacture of paper 
 from the earliest times and in all coun- 
 tries. Not only is paper dealt with, but 
 the various substances which from time 
 to time have been used to record events. 
 The progress of invention and use for 
 more than two thousand years is given, 
 the information embracing the gradual 
 spread of the manufacture throughout 
 the world ; the dates of successive im- 
 provements, and incidents attending its 
 growth ; statistics of matters pertaining 
 to the trade ; the fluctuation of prices ; 
 vicissitudes b^ fire and flood ; and ne- 
 crology of eminent manufacturers. In 
 short, the “Chronology” constitutes a 
 storehouse of facts important to be known 
 by those who are professionally connected 
 with the paper trade, as well as by those 
 who are interested in paper as the chief 
 literary vehicle for recording thoughts 
 and events. He says in the “ Finale ” — - 
 a sort of colophon, of a decided American 
 tone,— “ The collector of these disjunctive 
 conjunctives proposes, with this fifth 
 edition, in the fifty-second year of his 
 typographical career, to let the paper- 
 manufacture go on as it may, without 
 any surveillance of his, with best wishes 
 for its prosperity to the end of time.” 
 
 One other enterprise of this inde- 
 fatigable worker, although uncompleted, 
 should not pass unnoticed. A number 
 of years ago, Mr. Munsell began collect- 
 ing material for a Chronology of Jour- 
 nalism, and from England and the 
 United States he brought together over 
 10,000 specimen newspapers, no two, 
 hardly, being of the same journal. 
 Most of them had peculiar value, many 
 being first copies, and others copies con- 
 taining a history of the journals they 
 represent. These were bound, making 
 in all 100 volumes, and are now in the 
 New York State Library, Mr. Munsell 
 receiving therefor just about enough to 
 pay for the binding. From these papers 
 and from other sources he collected data 
 which are still (June, i88o)in manuscript. 
 Should the work ever be published it 
 will, no doubt, be of exceeding interest 
 and value. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 67 
 
 Murr (Christoph Gottlieb von). Beytrage zur Geschichte der altes- 
 ten Kupferstiche. Augsburg : 1804. 4to. 
 
 Bibliotheque de Peinture, de Sculpture, et de Gravure. 
 
 Frankfort and Leipzig :• 1770. 2 vols. i2ino. 
 
 Von Murr also wrote in his journal (1776, vol. ii., pp. 180-256) an account of the 
 most ancient engravers before the time of Albert Diirer. 
 
 Muzzi (Salvatore). La Stampa in Bologna : sommario storico. 
 Bologna : 1869. 4to. 
 
 Myers (J.). A few Practical Hints to Printers on the Treatment 
 of Rollers : how to wash Rollers, how to make Rollers. On 
 Wetting-down Paper. General remarks to Machine-minders. 
 How to clean Wood Letter. By “Caxton.” 1871. 8vo. 
 
 The author is a printers’ engineer, at Southampton. 
 
CHRICHTEN liber die Gutenberg-Feier 
 in Leipzig. (In Hitzig’s Presszeitung , ; 
 1840, No. 49, pp. 428-32.) 
 
 Nagler (G. K.). Alois* Senefelder und 
 der geistliche Rath Simon Schmid als 
 Rivalen in der Geschichte der Erfindung 
 des mechanischen Steindruckes, nicht 
 der Lithographic in hoherer Bedeutung. 
 Abwehr der Behauptungen und mass- 
 losen Angriffe in J. M. Ferchl’s Ge- 
 schichte der ersten lithogr. Kunstanstalt 
 in Miinchen. Anhang zum neuen 
 allgemeinen Kiinstler- Lexicon und zu 
 Ferchl’s Schrift. Miinchen : 1862. 8vo. pp. 23. 
 
 Neues allgemeines Kiinstler-Lexikon, oder Nachrichten von 
 
 dem Leben und den Werken der Maler, Bildhauer, Baumeister, 
 Kupferstecher, Formschneider, Lithographen, Zeichner, Medail- 
 leure, Elfenbeinarbeiter, &c. 22vols. Miinchen: 1835-52. 8vo. 
 
 Nagler’s Encyclopaedia of the Arts has long been a standard work of reference. 
 It is compiled with a great deal of care, and contains the materials for a history of 
 art in all countries. A new edition, bringing the work up to the present time, is in 
 course of publication in parts, intended to form fourteen volumes, under the editorial 
 care of Messrs. A. W. Schmidt and Hermann Liicke, with the following title : — 
 
 Allgemeines Kiinstler- Lexicon. Unter Mitwirkung der nam- 
 
 haftesten Fachgelehrten des In- und Auslandes, herausgegeben von 
 Dr. Julius Meyer. (2te. ganzlich umgearbeitete Auflage von 
 Nagler’s Kiinstler-Lexicon. ) Vols. i. and ii. [comprising letters 
 A and B]. Leipzig: 1870-78. Royal 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xii., 
 727 ; vol. ii., pp. iv., 728. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 69 
 
 Namur (P. ). Bibliographic paleographico-diplomaticO-bibliologique 
 generale; ou, Repertoire systematique, indiquant: 1. tousles 
 
 ouvrages relatifs a la paleographie, a la diplomatique, a l’histoire 
 de l’imprimerie et de la librairie, a la bibliographic, aux bio- 
 bibliographies et a l’histoire des bibliotheques ; 2. la notice des 
 recueils periodiques, litteraires et critiques, des differents pays ; 
 suivi d’un repertoire alphabetique generale. 2 vols. Liege : 
 1838. 8vo. 
 
 This is the most useful Typographi- 
 cal Bibliography that has yet been pub- 
 lished. 't he portion relating to printing 
 and publishing begins at p. 109 of vol. i. 
 
 The books enumerated are thus classi- 
 fied : — Books on the origin and progress 
 of printing — general treatises on the his- 
 tory of the invention of the art, written re- 
 spectively in Latin, I talian, Spanish, Portu- 
 guese, French, German, Dutch, Swedish, 
 
 Danish, Russian, Polish, and English. 
 
 2. Histories of the establishment of 
 printing in different countries, including 
 Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Ger- 
 many, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, 
 
 Sweden, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, 
 
 England, Asia, and America. 3. Books 
 on the printing of the 15th century, lists 
 and general catalogues of the incuna- 
 bula, special catalogues, descriptions of 
 and observations on the printing of 
 various cities of the period. 4. Fetes 
 and commemorations in honour of the 
 invention of printing held in different 
 
 Hisloire des Bibliotheques publiques de la Belgique. Tome i. 
 
 Bibliotheques de Bruxelles ; tome ii. Bibliotheque de Louvain ; 
 tome iii. Bibliotheque de Liege. 3 vols. Brussels : 1840, 1841, 
 1842. 8vo. Plates and portraits. 
 
 Incidentally forms a complete guide to the typographical curiosities preserved 
 in Belgium. 
 
 Manuel du Bibliothecaire, accompagne de notes critiques, 
 
 historiques, et litteraires. Brussels : 1834. 8vo. pp. 368. 
 
 The annotations include matter of interest to the student of typographical 
 literature. 
 
 Napione (Gianfrancesco Galeani). Osservazione intorno alle ricerche 
 riguardanti l’origine della Stampe della figure in legno ed in rame. 
 1806. 4to. 
 
 Narbone (Alessio). Bibliografia Sicola sistematica o apparato 
 metodico alia Storia Letteraria della Sicilia. 4 vols. Palermo : 
 1850-1855. 8vo. 
 
 Contains much material for the history of Printing in Sicily. 
 
 Narrey (Charles). Albert Durer a Venise et dans les Pays-Bas. 
 Autobiographic, lettres, journal de • voyages, papiers divers. 
 Traduits de l’Allemand, avec des notes et une introduction. 
 Ouvrage orne de 27 gravures sur papier de Chine. Paris : 1866. 
 4to. pp. 144. 
 
 localities. 5. Books on the utility and 
 the abuse of printing. The third section is 
 devoted to books on the practical science 
 of printing, general treatises on the 
 typographic art, treatises on different 
 branches, on stereotyping, specimens of 
 printing types, biographies of printers, 
 and catalogues of books issued from 
 various presses. A fourth section is 
 devoted to publishing, viz., histories of 
 publishing, literary property, libel, &c. ; 
 of censorship and liberty of the press, of 
 journals of literature and the publishing 
 trade ; catalogues of libraries, general 
 and particular ; catalogues of books con- 
 demned to be burnt or inserted in the 
 Index Expurgatorius. A fifth section 
 deals with bookbinding. At p. 31, 
 vol. ii., is a list of typographical biblio- 
 graphies. The work altogether is a 
 monument of the industry and research 
 of its author, a Belgian doctor of phi- 
 losophy and letters. 
 
7 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Prmting. 
 
 Nast (Johannes). Historisch-critische Nachrichten von den sechs 
 ersten Teutschen Bibel-Ausgaben, die zu Maynz, Strasburg und 
 Augspurg vom 1462, bis zum Jahr 1477 sind gedrukt worden ; aus 
 der Herzoglich-Wlirtembergischen Consistorial-Bibliothek zu 
 Stuttgard, und aus schriftlichen Beytragen, nebst einer critischen 
 Anzeige aller iibrigen vor Luthero theils wirklichen theils ver- 
 meintlichen Bibel-Ausgaben. Stuttgard : 1767. i2mo. 
 
 A descriptive account of the first six editions of the Bible printed in Germany. 
 
 Natolini (J. Bapt.). Discorso intorno l’arte della stampa. Udine: 
 1606. Folio. 
 
 Translated into Latin, and printed in Wolf’s “ Monumenta.” Very rare. The 
 author was a printer at Udine. 
 
 NaudE (Gabriel). Additamentum ad Historiam Ludovici XI. Gal- 
 lica Latine reddidit M. J. Steigerus. [In Wolf’s “Monumenta 
 Typographica ” ; also in Marchand, “ Histoire de Plmprimerie,” 
 vol. ii., pp. 57-96.] 
 
 La bibliographic politique du Sr. Naude. Paris : 1642. 
 
 i2mo. 
 
 Gabriel Naud6- was born at Paris, the highest reputation as a bibliographer, 
 in 1600, and died at Abbeville in 1653. and wrote “ Avis pour dresser une biblio- 
 He was a physician, but is better known theque,” 1644, 8vo. (reprinted in Paris, 
 for his political writings than for his other 1876), and “Avis a nos seigneurs du 
 works. A man of great learning, he Parlement, sur la vente de la bibliotheque 
 was appointed librarian to Cardinal du Cardinal Mazarin,” 1652, 4to., with 
 Bagni, at Rome, and afterwards to Car- other valuable and now very rare books, 
 dinal Mazarin, at Paris. He achieved 
 
 Naumann (C.). Circulair betreffend eine von ihm verbesserte Druck- 
 maschine, mit Zeichnung. Frankfort-on-the Main : 1831. 8vo. 
 
 [Naumann (Justus).] Kunst bringt Gunst. Abdruck einer Sammlung 
 von Holzschnitten von denen Justus Naumann in Dresden, Cliches 
 in Letternguss und Kupferablagerungen liefert. Dresden : 1871. 
 Folio. 25 sheets. (511 Nos. ) 
 
 NEe de la Rochelle (J. Fr.). £loge historique de Jean Gens- 
 fleisch dit Gutenberg, premier inyenteur de l’art typographique 
 a Mayence. Paris: 1811. 8vo. pp. vi. 158. Portrait of 
 Gutenberg. 
 
 A sketch of the life of Gutenberg, with a eulogium of his invention. 
 
 Recherches historiques et critiques sv.r Petablissement de l’art 
 
 typographique en Espagne et en Portugal, avec une notice des 
 villes ou cet art a ete exerce pendant le quinzieme siecle dans ces 
 deux royaumes. Extraites des recreations historiques et biblio- 
 graphiques. Paris : 1830. 8vo. pp. viii. 74. 
 
 350 copies only printed. A work which records the typography of Spain and 
 Portugal on the same plan as Dr. Cotton’s “Typographical Gazetteer ” does that 
 of England. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 7 t 
 
 N£e de la Rochelle (J. Fr.). Vie d’£tienne Dolet, imprimeur a 
 Lyon, dans le seizieme siecle, avec une notice des libraires et 
 imprimeurs auteurs, que l’on a pu decouvrir jusqu’a ce jour. 
 Paris : 1779. 8vo. 25 copies printed in quarto, pp. vii. 202, 
 and 6 (not numbered). 
 
 Comprises a life of Dolet ; an account J. F. Nde de la Rochelle, was a French 
 of his works ; and notices of some of judge, who devoted his leisure to the 
 the Printers who have been authors, prosecution of various literary and biblio- 
 Dolet was born in 1509, and burnt alive graphical researches. — -See Boulmier 
 in 1546 for heresy. The author of the (J.), Christie (R. C.) in Supplement, 
 above very valuable historical work, Picque, &c. 
 
 Negelein (G. P.). — See Munch. 
 
 [Negus (Sam).] A compleat and private List of all the Printing- 
 houses in and about the cities of London and Westminster, 
 together with the Printers’ Names, what Newspapers they print, 
 and where they are to be found ; Also, an Account of the 
 Printing-houses in the several Corporations Towns in Eng- 
 land ; most humbly laid before the Right Hon. the Lord Viscount 
 Townshend. Printed by William Bowyer, in White Friars. 
 [London : 1724.] 8vo. 
 
 The number of master printers in of Printers ” (p. 630), where is reprinted 
 London is given as 73, and in all the the whole of the introduction. — See Par- 
 country besides 28. The above title is liamentary Papers. 
 quoted by Timperley in his “ Dictionary 
 
 N£o-Typographie (La). Statuts de la Societe pour l’exploitation 
 des precedes de M. Ad. Delcambre. Paris : 1851. 4to. 
 
 Neo-Typographie was invented in Paris by Comte, and consisted of an etching 
 process, nearly like the paniconographic method of Gillot, but different in the use 
 of the metal to be etched, Gillot using zinc, Comte a composition-metal. 
 
 Netherlands, Early printing in the. — See Campbell (“Annales 
 Typ. Neerlandais au xv. Siecle”), Holtrop (“Catalogus 
 Librorum ssec. xv. ; ” “ Monumens Typographiques,” and 
 
 “Thierry Martens d’Alost”), and Namur (“ Histoire des Biblio- 
 theques publiques de la Belgique ”). See , also, Cleef, Eekhoff, 
 Ledeboer, Meerman, Meersch, Nyenhuis, Puy de Mont- 
 brun, Rathgeber, Renouvier, Sotheby, Voisin, and 
 Westreenen. 
 
 The accompanying map (p. 72) was of early printers interspersed throughout 
 reproduced from Holtrop’s “ Monumens this Bibliography. Printing was in- 
 T y pographiques des Pays-Bas” for Mr. troduced almost simultaneously in three 
 De Vinne’s “ Invention of Printing.” It different towns in the Netherlands. In 
 shows the situation of the towns and the year 1473, John of Westphalia was 
 cities of the Netherlands in which print- the first printer at Alost ; the partners 
 ing-offices were established during the Ketelaer and De Leempt were at 
 fifteenth century. It is also useful in Utrecht, and Veldener was at Louvain, 
 connection with the marks and devices 
 
 Netto (F. A. W.). Anweisung zur Galvanoplastik, oder die Kunst 
 auf kaltem W ege aus Kupferauflosungen festes metallisches Kupfer 
 in Platten oder Formen zu Kopien, Formen, Stereotypen, Fac- 
 similes, Abdriicken, etc., zu erhalten. Quedlinburg : 1840. 
 
 Large 8vo. 4 sheets and 2 plates. 
 
72 
 
 Bibliography of Planting. 
 
 THE “PAYS-BAS” OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. — See page 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 73 
 
 Neuburger (Ferdinand). Der Farbendruck auf der Steindruckpresse. 
 Chromolithographie. Berlin : 1867. 8vo. pp. viii. 152, with 
 21 plates in chromo. 
 
 A comprehensive treatise on litho colour-printing. 
 
 Musteralfabete fur Kalligraphen, Lithographen, Holzschneider, 
 
 etc. 3 parts. Berlin : 1866. Large 8vo. 23 plates of colour- 
 printing. 
 
 Neuburger (Hermann). Encyclopaedie der Buchdruckerkunst. 
 Leipzig : 1844. 8vo. pp. 262. 
 
 Der Korrector. Eine Anleitung ftir alle welche Korrekturen 
 
 richtig lesen und die darin aufgefundenen Fehler verstandlich 
 anzeichnen lernen wollen, mit einer kurzgefassten Terminologie 
 der Buchdruckerkunst. Zweite verbesserte Auflage. Bearbeitet 
 von einem ausiibenden Buchdrucker. Mit einem Kupferstich. 
 Leipzig : [1847]. 8vo. pp. viii. 76. 
 
 Instructions for the correction of proofs, with illustrations, and a dictionary of 
 
 the technical terms used by German printers. 
 
 Leitfaden fur Schriftsetzer-Lehrlinge. Dessau : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 pp. xii. and 84. Plate of tools used in the art. 
 
 Praktisches Handbuch der Buchdruckerkunst. Leipzig : 1841. 
 
 8vo. pp. xvi. 270. 19 copperplates and 5 illustrations of colour- 
 
 printing. 
 
 Entirely practical, but the works of this author have not been regarded as of 
 
 much authority, and are now superseded. 
 
 London : 1574. 
 
 Newbery (Nathaniel). 
 
 We reproduce the device of this printer pretation of their names, &c., by John 
 from “The lyues of holy sainctes, pro- Marbeck, London, 1574, imprinted by 
 phetes, patriarches, and others contained H. Denham and R. Watkins,” 4to. 
 in the Holy Scripture — with the inter- 
 
 VOL. II. L 
 
74 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 New York State Library. Catalogue of the Books on Biblio- 
 graphy, Typography, and Engraving in the New York State 
 Library. Albany: 1858. 8vo. pp. 143. 
 
 Catalogue of the New York State Library, 1872. Subject- 
 
 Index of the General Library. Albany : 1872. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 The New York State Library is par- author, two or three distinctive words 
 ticularly rich in books on typography, from the title, with place, date, and size, 
 having acquired the fine collection of The books are classified under different 
 Mr. Munsell ( see Munseli.). The books headings, and the list altogether is most 
 relating to typography are catalogued in admirably compiled, and must be of 
 vol. ii., pp. 586-591. The full titles are great use to American students of the 
 not given ; but only the name of the history of typography. 
 
 Nibelunge Liet, der. Abdruck der Handschrift des Freiherrn 
 Joseph von Lassberg. Mit Holzschnitten nach Originalzeich- 
 nungen von Ed. Bendemann und Jul. Hiibner. Leipzig : 1840. 
 4to. 
 
 Nibelungen - Lied, das. Originaltext mit Glossen und Wort- 
 erklarungen, einem Titelkupfer, Vignette und einem Facsimile der 
 altesten Handschrift. Den Manen Gutenbergs gewidmet. Heil- 
 bronn : 1840. i2mo. 
 
 Uebersetzt von Osw. Marbach. Festausgabe mit Holzsch. 
 
 nach Originalzeichn. von Ed. Bendemann und Jul. Hiibner. 
 Denkmal zur IV. Sakularfeier der Buchdruckerkunst. Leipzig : 
 1840. 4to. 
 
 The above reprints of the famous to be considered as a typographic and 
 German National Epic were issued as xylographic masterpiece. The designs 
 memorials of the Leipzig printing fetes of are engraved in various styles, some 
 1840. The edition, translated into modern being after the manner of Durer, and 
 German by O. Marbach, almost deserves others after more modern masters. 
 
 Nichols (John). Biographical and Literary Anecdotes of William 
 Bowyer, Printer, F.S.A., and of many of his Learned Friends; 
 containing an Incidental View of the Progress and Advancement 
 of Literature in this Kingdom from the beginning of the present 
 Century to the end of the year MDCCLXXVII. London : 1782. 
 4to. pp. viii. 666. Portrait of Bowyer. 
 
 The author quotes, as a motto, the 
 sentence from Oldisworth : “To preserve 
 the memory of those who have been in 
 any way serviceable to mankind hath 
 been always looked upon as discharging 
 a debt which we owe to our benefactors ; ” 
 and “ it is but reasonable that they who 
 contribute so much to the immortality of 
 others should have some share in it 
 themselves.” In this spirit he writes the 
 memoirs of his lifelong friend, dedicating 
 it thus : — “ To the presidents, vice- 
 presidents, and fellows, of the Royal 
 and Antiquarian Societies of London, 
 these Anecdotes of Mr. Bowyer, a 
 printer of uncommon eminence, whose 
 
 talents were long and laudably exerted 
 in their service.” Bowyer was born in 
 1699, and died in 1777. For more than 
 half a century he stood unrivalled as a 
 learned printer. There are very few 
 anecdotes of Bowyer, but many concern- 
 ing contemporary authors, printers, and 
 typefounders. The work, which largely 
 consists of notes, was more than four 
 years in the press, a few copies of a slight 
 sketch of it having been printed in 8vo., 
 in 1778, and given to intimate friends of 
 Bowyer. The Appendix comprises one- 
 fourth of the volume, and the Index is 
 very full. — See Bowyer. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 75 
 
 Nichols (John). Biographical Memoirs of William Ged ; including a 
 Particular Account of his Progress in the Art of Block Printing. 
 London: 1781. 8vo. Title, with introduction by John Nichols, 
 pp. iv. ; text, pp. 40. Reprinted at Newcastle: 1819. 8vo. 
 
 130 copies on small paper and 
 
 Chap. I. Mr. W. Ged’s narrative, dic- 
 tated by himself some time before his 
 death. Chap. II. Supplementary narra- 
 tive written by his daughter. Chap. III. 
 An account of some of the advantages of 
 the improvement in the Art of Printing 
 invented by W. Ged, late goldsmith in 
 Edinburgh, with prospectus for a sub- 
 scription for enabling his son, James Ged, 
 printer, and now the only possessor of 
 
 30 on large. 
 
 friendship. He evinced literary tastes 
 at a very early age, and these were 
 encouraged and cultivated by his consi- 
 derate employer. At the same time he 
 applied himself with much diligence to 
 mastering the practical details of the 
 printing business. He was taken into 
 partnership by Bowyer in 1766. In the 
 following ygar their office was removed 
 from Whitefriars to Red Lion Passage, 
 
 PORTRAIT OF JOHN NICHOLS. 
 
 this valuable secret, to carry it into further 
 execution for the publick, and the benefit 
 of his Family. (London, May 29, 1751.) 
 Chap. IV. Mr. Mores’s narrative of 
 block-printing, from his Dissertation on 
 type-founders. The whole pamphlet 
 edited by Mr. John Nichols. 
 
 An account of William Ged and his 
 invention of Stereotyping will be found 
 s. v. Gf.d (William). 
 
 John Nichols, Bowyer’s apprentice, 
 partner, successor, and biographer, was 
 born February 2nd, 1744-5, and died 
 November 26th, 1826. In 1757 he was ap- 
 prenticed to Bowyer, with whom he 
 always remained on terms of the closest 
 
 Fleet Street. Nichols obtained a share 
 in the proprietorship of the Gentleman' s 
 Magazine in 1778, and at once assumed 
 the duties of editor. He soon raised the 
 serial to a position of importance which it 
 had never previously enjoyed. In 1781 he 
 was elected an honorary member of the 
 Society of Antiquaries, of Edinburgh, 
 and in 1785 of a similar society at Perth. 
 He was elected in 1784 a member of the 
 Common Council for the Ward of Far- 
 ringdon Without, but he did not possess 
 the qualifications for political life. On 
 the death of Wilkes the opportunity of 
 becoming an alderman was offered to 
 him, but he declined it. In 1804 he was 
 
76 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 chosen Master of the Stationers’ Com- 
 pany, an honour that he termed the 
 “summit of his ambition.” For several 
 years previously he had been a member 
 of the Court of Assistants. In June, 
 1817, he transferred to the Company 
 ^500 Four per Cent. Annuities, “ as an 
 addition of a small supplement to the 
 works of my late friend and partner, Mr. 
 William Bowyer,” to pay certain divi- 
 dends which he mentions, and afterwards 
 to go “to any other pressman or com- 
 positor of good character, not less than 
 forty-five years of age, and who shall 
 have been at least twenty-one years free 
 of the Stationers’ Company. The annui- 
 tants to be paid at the same time as 
 those of Mr. Bowyer.” (See Stationers’ 
 Hall.) 
 
 Nichols’s printing-office and all its 
 valuable contents were completely de- 
 stroyed by fire in 1808, and many very 
 important topographical works were then 
 entirely consumed, which event, although 
 largely increasing the value of the copies 
 that had been sold, was a loss that has 
 been severely felt since by collectors de- 
 siring to fill gaps in their libraries. The 
 office was afterwards rebuilt. Three years 
 later, he retired from civic life, intending 
 also to relinquish his active participation 
 in the printing business, in which he had 
 been engaged upwards of fifty years, but 
 he did not carry out the latter part of his 
 design. He had but one son, John 
 Bowyer Nichols, so called after his 
 father’s friend and patron (see infra). 
 
 John Nichols’s remains were interred in 
 Islington churchyard, his family grave 
 being situated only a few yards from the 
 house in which he was born. 
 
 Nichols was a prolific author. He 
 wrote about sixty books (some of them 
 in many volumes) on literary, anti- 
 quarian, and topographical subjects. A 
 list of these is given in Watt (“ Biblio- 
 theca Britannica ”), but the “ Biblio- 
 graphiaTypographica” therein mentioned 
 is a misprint for “ Topographica.” A 
 memoir of Nichols, written by Alexander 
 Chalmers, editor of the “ Biographical 
 Dictionary,” will be found in the Gentle- 
 man’s Magazine , December, 1826, ac- 
 companied by the last portrait taken of 
 him, which was engraved by H. Meyer, 
 in 1826. On p. 75 is a woodcut copy of 
 this portrait, engraved for Hansard’s 
 “ Typographia.” 
 
 John Bowyer Nichols, F.S.A., the 
 son and successor of this eminent printer, 
 was born 15th of July, 1779, and died 19th 
 October, 1863. He was from an early 
 age the coadjutor of his father in editing 
 the Gentleman' s Magazine , and com- 
 pleted his father’s “ Illustrations of the 
 Literary History of the Eighteenth 
 Century.” A memoir of him, from the 
 pen of John Gough Nichols, appears in 
 the Gentleman’ s Magazine (of which he 
 was the editor) for 1863, 3rd series, vol. 
 xv., p. 794. A few copies of it, with 
 some additions and illustrated with a 
 photograph taken in i860, were printed 
 for private circulation. 
 
 Nichols (John Gough), F.S.A. Historical Notices of the Worshipful 
 Company of Stationers of London, with Description of their 
 Hall, Pictures, and Plate, and of their Ancient Seal of Arms. 
 
 London: 1861. 4to. pp. ii. 
 
 A paper read by the author at Sta- 
 tioners’ Hall, April 12, i860, and printed 
 in the “ Transactions of the London and 
 Middlesex Archaeological Society,” and 
 subsequently reprinted in quarto for pri- 
 vate circulation. Its illustrations com- 
 prise the Company’s arms and seal ; two 
 
 25 - 
 
 exterior views of the Hall ; the Entrance- 
 Screen ; and the Painted Window, pre- 
 sented by Mr. Alderman Cadell to the 
 Company of Stationers. The informa- 
 tion is authentic and correct. — See Sta- 
 tioners’ Hall. 
 
 Memoir of Day, the printer. An article in the Gentleman s 
 
 Magazine , November, 1832. 
 
 This article is signed J. G. N. It 
 contains several particulars concerning 
 John Day, the printer, which had not 
 previously been published. Day, it 
 appears, was born at Dunwich, not Dul- 
 wich, as printed in successive editions of 
 
 Ames’s “Typographical Antiquities.” 
 There is a monumental brass to him in 
 Little Bradley Church, Suffolk, which is 
 represented in an engraving attached to 
 the article. The author his traced many 
 references to the subject of his memoir in 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 77 
 
 Stow’s “ Survey,” Foxe’s “ Book of 
 Martyrs,” and the Lansdowne and 
 Burghley Manuscripts in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 John Gough Nichols, F.S.A., was 
 an Honorary Fellow of the Societies of 
 Antiquaries of Scotland and Newcastle- 
 on-Tyne, Corresponding Member of the 
 Massachusetts Historical Society, and of 
 the New England Historic Genealogical 
 Society. He was the representative of a 
 family which, while carrying on success- 
 fully the business of printing, has for 
 three generations more or less distin- 
 guished itself in the sphere of literature 
 and archaeological research. 
 
 John Gough Nichols was born at his 
 father’s residence, Red Lion Passage, 
 Fleet Street, on May 22, 1806. He was 
 named Gough after the distinguished 
 antiquary, Robert Gough. In 1808 the 
 printing-office adjoining the house in Red 
 Lion Passage was destroyed by fire, and 
 the family went to reside in Thavies Inn. 
 On the completion of the new building 
 they resumed the house in Red Lion 
 Passage and remained in it until their 
 removal to Parliament Street in 1818. 
 Nichols was educated at Merchant Tay- 
 lors’ School, soon after leaving which 
 he commenced to assist his father in 
 editing the Gentleman' s Magazine , and 
 in revising several works of an anti- 
 quarian character. On December 3rd, 
 1835, he was elected a Fellow of the 
 Society of Antiquaries, and wrote several 
 papers, which appeared in their journal, 
 the A rchceologia. It is stated in Mr. 
 R. C. Nichols’s memoir {see infra ) that 
 “ as printer to the society he read care- 
 fully every sheet of that work ; and not 
 a few of the authors of the various com- 
 munications will acknowledge the value 
 of suggestions received from him.” A 
 list of his contributions to this periodical 
 is given at the end of the Memoir. In 
 1838 he suggested and (in conjunction 
 with his friends Sir Frederick Madden, 
 the Rev. J. Hunter, Mr. J. Payne 
 Collier, Mr. John Bruce, Mr. W. J. 
 Thoms, and others) established the 
 Camden Society, whose object was to 
 “perpetuate and render accessible what- 
 ever is valuable, but at present little 
 known, amongst the materials for the 
 civil, ecclesiastical, or literary history of 
 the United Kingdom.” He contributed 
 many valuable papers to the Society’s 
 publications {see “ Descriptive Catalogue 
 of the Works of the Camden Society,” 
 London, 1862, 8vo ; and “ Catalogue of 
 the First Series of the Works of the 
 Camden Society,” London, 1872, 8vo.). 
 In 1843 he began the Topographer and 
 
 Genealogist, the parts of which were to 
 be issued at intervals of two months, 
 but it was abandoned, owing to ill-health 
 and multifarious engagements in 1858, 
 after the third volume had been com- 
 pleted. Two years before this, viz., in 
 1856, he found the strain of the editorial 
 work of the Gentleman' s Magazine , of 
 which since 1851 he had supported the 
 whole burden, too great for him. Mr. 
 J. H. Parker having expressed a wish to 
 take up the magazine, the property in it 
 was transferred to him for a nominal 
 consideration, and Mr. J. G. Nichols 
 ceased to be editor. He continued, how- 
 ever, to take an interest in it, and among 
 other contributions furnished its pages 
 with an account of the early history of 
 the magazine from its first establishment 
 by Edward Cave, the printer, at St. 
 John’s Gate, Clerkenwell. In 1862 he 
 started the Herald and Genealogist, and 
 at the time of his death nearly eight 
 volumes of it had been published. Mr. 
 Nichols, though a most indefatigable 
 worker, never enjoyed robust health. 
 In 1836 he was elected a member of the 
 general committee of the Royal Literary 
 Fund ; and from 1845 he was one of the 
 trustees of the Printers’ Pension Corpor- 
 ation. In 1843, when in his thirty-eighth 
 year, he married Lucy, daughter of 
 Commander Lewis, R.N., by whom he 
 had one son, John Bruce Nichols, whose 
 name was joined in 1873 to those of his 
 father and uncle, as printers of the 
 “Votes and Proceedings of the House 
 of Commons.” In 1868 John Gough 
 Nichols took a lease of Holmwood Park, 
 near Dorking, and shortly before his 
 death he purchased the freehold. In the 
 midst of all the distractions of society 
 he pursued his literary work in a perse- 
 vering but unostentatious manner. In 
 the summer of 1873 his health and 
 strength began manifestly to fall off. 
 On the 5th August he attended the court 
 of the Company of Stationers, of which 
 he had just been chosen one of the war- 
 dens, and dined at the hall, and on the 
 next day was present for the first and 
 only time at the meeting of the Stock 
 Board of the Company. His health 
 rapidly declined, and after much suffer- 
 ing he died on the 14th November, 1873. 
 He is buried at the east end of Holm- 
 wood Church, and a monumental slab 
 has been erected in the edifice itself, 
 bearing a suitable inscription with the 
 very appropriate motto, “Whatsoever 
 thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy 
 might ; for there is no work, nor device, 
 nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the 
 grave, whither thou goest.” (Eccl. ix. 10.) 
 
78 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Nichols (Robert Cradock). Memoir of the late John Gough 
 Nichols, F.S.A., &c. Westminster: June, 1874. 4to. 2 leaves, 
 pp. 45. Illustrations. 
 
 Privately printed for Mrs. J. Gough 
 Nichols, an edition in 8vo. form having 
 been previously issued in the same year ; 
 it extended to pp. xxviii, and contained 
 an autotype portrait of John Gough 
 Nichols taken in 1866. The above edi- 
 tion, in 4to, has three portraits of J. G. 
 
 Nichols, — one as a frontispiece taken 
 in his sixtieth year ; another in his 
 twenty-fourth year, after a picture by 
 Maclise ; and the likeness taken in 1866 ; 
 also a picture of the “ Herrick Cup” (a 
 presentation by Sir W. Herrick in con- 
 
 Nicholson (Thomas). Instructions for the Successful Manipulation 
 of the New and Improved “Nicholson” Stereotyping Apparatus. 
 (Second Edition.) London : 1874. 32mo. pp. 32. 
 
 The author is a practical printer, who turned his attention to stereotyping, and 
 invented a portable gas apparatus for the paper process. For some years he was 
 accustomed to travel from town to town, selling his apparatus and giving instruc- 
 tions for working it. 
 
 sideration of literary services) ; a view of 
 the house at Holmwood, near Dorking ; a 
 medal struck on the occasion of the cele- 
 bration of his silver wedding, and a 
 wedding-cup used at the same time ; with 
 the memorial brass in Holmwood Church, 
 where he was buried. 
 
 Mr. Robert Cradock Nichols was 
 the brother of John Gough Nichols, and 
 was in partnership with the latter at the 
 time of his death. He is now the sole 
 member of the firm of Nichols & Sons. 
 
 Nicholson (William). Description of Nicholson’s Printing Machine. 
 An article in the Repertory of Arts, vol. v., p. 145. 
 
 This subject is also treated of at length 
 in the Mechanics' Magazine , vol. vi., 
 p. 258 ; the “ Engineers’ and Mechanics’ 
 Encyclopaedia,” vol. ii. , p. 343 ; and in the 
 Practical Mechanics' Journal , vol. i., 
 p. 248. 
 
 William Nicholson was an English 
 author, inventor and patent-agent, who 
 on the 29th April, 1790, obtained a patent 
 for a machine for printing on paper and 
 certain other textile materials, which 
 patent embraces the first suggestion of 
 self-acting, power, or machine presses. 
 Although Nicholson never made a work- 
 ing machine, his failure to do so seems 
 to have been due to a series of unpropi- 
 tious circumstances, and to a waste of 
 his practical efforts in attempts to accom- 
 plish what was one of the latest feats of 
 modern times— the art of curving type 
 round a cylinder. He aimed at too 
 much, and his patent embraced more 
 
 original ideas than any other single 
 patent applicable to printing that was ever 
 granted. Savage, however, in his “Dic- 
 tionary of Printing,” defends Nicholson 
 from the imputation of being a weak or 
 visionary man, and says that, had he 
 lived, no doubt he would have carried his 
 plans into effect. He was the author of 
 the article “Printing,” in the “British 
 Encyclopaedia.” Besides writing valuable 
 and extended works on Chemistry and 
 Navigation, and editing Nicholson s Jotir- 
 nal of Science, a publication of high 
 repute, he kept a large science school in 
 Soho Square, and wrote the prospectus 
 of the Royal Institution. In addition to 
 these multifarious pursuits he was agent 
 to the late Lord Camelford, whose sudden 
 death left him involved in difficulties, from 
 which he could never extricate himself. 
 The first steam-press actually set up was 
 that of Koenig. —See Koenig and Bauer. 
 
 Niemeyer (Aug. Herm. ). Geschichte der Cansteinschen Bibelanstalt 
 seit ihrer Griindung bis auf gegenwartige Zeit. Halle : 1827. 
 
 NiLpce de St. Victor. Photographic Researches : Photography 
 upon Glass. — Heliochromy. — Heliographic Engraving. — Various 
 Notes and Processes. Paris : 1855. 8vo. pp. xxvi. 137, and 
 Table of Contents. Portrait. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 79 
 
 Niepce de St. Victor. Traite pratique de Gravure heliographique 
 sur acier et sur verre. Paris : 1856. Royal 8vo. Portrait. 
 
 M. Niepce de Saint Victor was uponglass. Photo-engraving also received 
 horn at Saint Cyr, near Chalon-sur-Saone, much aid from his untiring labours, for 
 the 26th of July, 1805. M. Niepce, the on the 23rd of May, 1853, he presented 
 father, added to his own name that of to the Royal Academy of Sciences, a 
 his wife to distinguish himself from his first formula, which, modified by himself 
 brother, Nicephore Niepce, the originator in a note dated the 30th of October fol- 
 of photographic processes. lowing, produced from that period very 
 
 M. Niepce de Saint Victor spent the remarkable results in the progress of 
 greater part of his life in the army, his heliographic engraving. In December, 
 leisure moments being devoted to im- 1849, he was named a Chevalier of the 
 provements in the process which his uncle Legion of Honour for his scientific 
 had made known to the world. In spite labours. He was, at the time of his 
 of many difficulties, being both destitute death (May 7, 1870), Commandant of the 
 of the necessary time and money, to him Louvre. Like many others who have 
 we are indebted for the use of albumenised rendered eminent services to science, 
 plates, which may be described as the M. Niepce de Saint Victor died in very 
 first step in the practice of photography straitened circumstances. 
 
 Nierstrasz (J. L. ). Eeuwzang bij het Vierde Eeuwgetijde van de 
 Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst. In Werken der Hollandsche 
 Maatschappij van Nederl. Letter k. , vol. 7, part I. Leyden: 1824. 
 8vo. pp. 12. Leyden : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Nies (Fr.). Adressbuch fur Papiermacher, Schriftgiesser, Buch- 
 drucker und Buchhandler. Leipzig: 1837. 8vo. pp. 84. 
 
 N iesert (J. ) . Beitrage zur Buchdruckergeschichte Miinsters, oder Ver- 
 zeichniss der vom Jahre i486 bis 1700 zu Munster gedruckten 
 Bucher. Mit einer Steintafel. Coesfeld : 1828. 8vo. pp. xii. 
 201. 
 
 F ortgesetzte Beitrage zu einer Buchdruckergeschichte Miinsters. 
 
 Coesfeld : 1834. Royal 8vo. ( See Nordhoff.) 
 
 Beweis der Originalitat der von J. Mentelin vor 1466 gedruck- 
 ten, Schrift des hellig. Augustins “De arte praedicandi. ” Coesfeld r 
 1825. 8vo. 
 
 Literarische Nachricht iiber die .erste zu Koln gedruckte 
 
 Niederdeutsche Bibel und Vergleichung derselben mit der Vulgata 
 aus den sieben altesten oberdeutschen Bibeliibersetzungen. 
 Coesfeld : 1825. 8vo. 
 
 Nippert (R.). Alphabet of European and Asiatic Languages, 
 With Instructions for Correcting Proof. St. Petersburg : 1859. 
 Royal 8vo. pp. 54. 
 
 A manual for compositors and printers’ readers, printed at the office of the 
 Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. It gives some useful information 
 on the composition of foreign, and more especially Oriental languages. 
 
 Nisard (Charles). Histoire des Livres Populaires de la litterature 
 du colportage depuis le XV e siecle jusqu’a l’etablissement de la 
 commission des livres du colportage (30 Nov., 1852). 2 vols. 
 
 Paris : 1854. Royal 8vo. 160 vignettes. Large paper. 
 
 Seconde edition, revue, corrigee avec soins et considerablement 
 augmentee. 2 vols. Paris : 1864. i2mo. 
 
8o 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Noblet (Ch.). August Henri Jules Delalain, imprimeur-libraire, 
 president honor, de la Chambre des imprimeurs de Paris, membre 
 honor, du Conseil d’administration du Cercle de la librairie, etc., 
 1810-1877. Paris : 1877. 8vo. pp. 16. (Extract from the 
 
 Journal general de V Imprimerie et de la Librairie , No. 40.) 
 
 Not issued for sale. 
 
 Discours prononce au Banquet de la Saint-Jean-Porte-Latine, 
 
 20 Mars, 1875. Paris. 8vo. pp. 7. 
 
 M. Noblet is the present President of the “ Chambre des Imprimeurs de Paris.” 
 
 — See Societies. 
 
 Nodier (Charles). Des annales de l’imprimerie des Aide. Paris : 
 1835. 8vo. pp. 12. (Reprinted from the Bulletin du Bibliophile.) 
 
 • La Litho-typographie : lettre du Dr. Neophobus au Dr. Old- 
 
 Book. (In Revue des Deux Mondes, du 15 Juillet, 1838.) 
 
 Noordziek (J. J. F.). Beschrijving van twee prachtexemplaren der 
 in het Fransch uitgegeven werken van den Heer A. de Vries, 
 over de Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst. [1846.] 8vo. Not 
 published for sale. 
 
 — Gedenkboek der Costers-feesten, van 15, 16 en 17 Julij, 
 1856. Haarlem : 1858. 8vo. pp. xxviii. 360, with 8 plates. 
 
 We extract, on p. 81, from Noordziek’s 
 “Gedenkboek,” an illustration of the 
 statue which on the 16th July, 1856, the 
 day accepted in Holland as the anni- 
 versary of the invention of printing, was 
 inaugurated at Haarlem. The tablets 
 of the pedestals bear inscriptions, of 
 which the following are translations : — 
 
 Laurens Janszoon Coster. 
 
 Homage of the Netheriand Nation, 
 1856. 
 
 Inventor of the art of printing with 
 movable letters cast of metal. 
 
 The date of the invention and the 
 profession or position of the inventor 
 are both omitted. He is described on 
 one side as Laurentius Joannis, filius 
 Costerus. It may be inferred that 
 there had been disagreements among 
 those who erected this memorial, and 
 that they could not heartily accept the 
 date of any version of the legend.— See 
 Koster. 
 
 — Het Geschilstuk betrekkelijk de uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst, 
 geschiedkundig uiteengezet. Haarlem : 1848. 8vo. pp. viii. 
 1 12. 
 
 Levensschets van A. D. Schinkel. Leiden ': 1865. 8vo. 
 
 — Oproeping aan Nederland om de eer des Vaderlands te hand- 
 
 haven. ’s Gravenhage : 1847. 8vo. PP* 8. 
 
 — Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst. Haarlem : 1854. 4to. 
 
 Nordhoff (J. B.). Altmiinsterische Drucke. [In Zeitschrift fur 
 Vatei'l. Geschichte und Alterthums Kunde, vol. iv. pp. 149-170. 
 Munster: 1871. 8vo.] 
 
 A description of 35 early printed books of great interest, and forming a supple- 
 ment to the list of Niesert, q.v. 
 
 Normannus (L.). Dissertatio Academica de renascentis literaturae 
 ministra typographia. Upsaliensi : 1689. 8vo. [Reprinted in 
 Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica.”] 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 8 1 
 
 Royer’s STATUE OF ROSTER OPPOSITE THE GROOTE KERR, HAARLEM. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 M 
 
82 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Noronha (Tito de). A Imprensa Portugueza no Seculo XVI. sues 
 representantes e suas produccoes. Ordenacoes do Reino. Porto : 
 1873. Fcap. 4to. 4 preliminary leaves, pp. 104, 2 pages of 
 index, &c. 
 
 250 copies printed. Fasciculo ii, of a 1495-1513; J. P. de Bonhomini, 1514; 
 series, “ Archeologia Artistica, publicada Jacob Cronberguer, 1504-1532; Germao 
 por Joaquin de Vasconcellos.” The Galharde, 1520-1565 ; John Cronberguer, 
 Portuguese printers of whom accounts 1528-1544; Manoel Joao, 1565-1578. 
 are here given are Valentine Fernandes, 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 Notary (Julyan). 
 
 Julian Notary, who came from 
 France, like Wynkyn de Worde, Pynson, 
 Lawrence Andrewe, &c., carried on his 
 business in several places, not ascertained, 
 except that he printed two or three books 
 at Westminster before 1500, and that 
 about 1503 it is believed he removed to 
 the parish of St. Clement, and took up 
 his abode near Temple Bar. at the sign 
 of the Three Kings. At a later date he 
 removed to the great emporium of 
 English booksellers, St. Paul's Church- 
 yard, for he was a bookseller as well as a 
 printer. The time of his death is alto- 
 gether unknown, and the list extant of 
 his books is very imperfect. Some works 
 with his device are marked 1520, but 
 whether he printed them is not ascer- 
 tained. He used, it is believed, two 
 devices, one of which we reproduce. It 
 consists of an upright parallelogram, 
 nearly square. A narrow label is taken 
 
 [498-1499. 
 
 off from the bottom of the square, 
 and Julyan Notary, with a rude 
 flourish, is cut upon it in black 
 letter. Above this label, and touching 
 the upper line, is set a shield, to which a 
 broidered belt is attached that passes over 
 an ancient esquire’s helmet, looking to 
 the left, surmounting the shield. Above 
 the helmet is a wreath of eight folds, and 
 out of it spreads a rude mantle of four 
 lambrequins, placed in saltire. In the 
 background are fiiteen small outline 
 points, and on each side of the bottom of 
 the shield is a flower rising out of the 
 scroll. Beneath the outer line of all 
 there is something spreading out like a 
 tassel, label, or the root of a tree. 
 
 Notary is considered the fourth Eng- 
 lish typographer. He had for associate 
 another Frenchman, John Barbier, whose 
 name appears conjoined with his own in 
 the Salisbury Missal, London, 1498, fo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 83 
 
 Note sur la constitution legale et sur la question administrative de 
 rimprimerie Imperiale. Paris : 1863. Fol. — See Imprimerie 
 Nationale. 
 
 Notes et documents relatifs a l’organisation ouviiere des etablisse- 
 ments de Paul Dupont. Paris : 1867. Fol. — See Notice infra. 
 
 Notes on the Early History of Engraving. I. Wood Engraving. 
 An article in Nature and Art. London : June I, 1867. 
 
 A resurni of the history of xylography, illustrated with a fac-simile of the “ St. 
 Bridget,” supposed to be older than the “ St. Christopher ” block. Both are 
 now in the possession of Lord Spencer. 
 
 Notice sur l’atelier typographique etabli en 1622 par l’Abbesse 
 Jeanne de Beauvilliers dans l’abbaye d’Avenay (Marne). Par 
 H. M. Paris: 1875. Royal 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Only a few copies printed. 
 
 Notice sur les etablissements de M. Paul Dupont, imprimeur a Paris. 
 Avec figures. Paris: 1867. 8vo. [See “ Notes et Documents ” 
 supra, and Dupont, Paul. ) 
 
 Notices et documents sur rimprimerie, la librairie, et la relieure a 
 Tours. 1862. Folio. Plates and woodcuts. 
 
 Notting (William). Specimens of Brass Rules (Plain and Orna- 
 mental), Fancy Dashes, Circles, Ovals, Braces, Corners, Mitred 
 Borders, &c. London : [1880]. 8vo. pp. 44. 
 
 An exceptionally good book of specimens of the printing material manufactured 
 by Mr. William Notting, of the Enterprise Works, Bowling Green Lane, Farringdon 
 Road, London. This business was established in 1844. 
 
 Nouveau procede typographique, qui reunit les avantages de rimpri- 
 merie mobile et du stereotypage. Paris : 1822. 8vo. 
 
 Nozeman (Corn.) & Co. Epreuve des caracteres qui se fondentdans 
 la nouvelle fonderie de Corn. Nozeman & Comp, a Haarlem. 
 8vo. 1756. 
 
 Following the title is a woodcut page, and Italic, 8 of titling, and a few 
 with the portrait of Koster at top centre, flowers. 
 
 Between two female figures is a press, Another copy of this has been preserved, 
 
 and an interior of a printing-office at foot, in the Enschede collection ( q . v.), with the 
 The centre is pierced, and has a Latin date to every fount, from 1734 to 1742. 
 inscription ascribing the invention to The foundry was purchased by Jo- 
 Koster at Haarlem, 1440. The book hannes Enschede, who issued this speci- 
 contains specimens of 13 founts, Roman men intact, merely changing the heading. 
 
 Verkooping van een complete Lettergieterij met al des- 
 
 zelfs gereedschappen hebbende gecanteert op de naam van 
 C. Nozeman en Comp. Bestaande in diversen geschriften, in 
 matiijzen, vormen, fournuzen enz. ; welke zullen verkoopt worden 
 te Haarlem op de Kouderhoorn in de voorn. Lettergieterij, op 
 Dinsdag den 11 November, 1760, Voormiddags ten 10 uuren, 
 bij percelen of in een Koop, naar de gegadigden meest inclineeren 
 zullen. Haarlem : 1760. 
 
 There are five octavo pages of punches, &c. , but no specimens of types. 
 
84 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Nozeman (Corn.) & Co. Proeve van Letteren dewelke gegooten 
 worden by C. Nozeman en Comp, te Haarlem. [».</.] 
 
 A sheet of large post, in the Enschedd brew, 2 black, with signs and flowers, 
 collection. The founts, which are dis- Here, for the first time, appears a “ Dub- 
 posed in 4 columns, include 8 titling, ble Mediaan Geschaduwde Capitalen,” 
 10 Roman and Italic, 1 script, 2 He- and eight-line ornamental caps. 
 
 Nuremberg. — See Fickenscher, Panzer, Stegmann, and 
 Waldau. 
 
 BLOCK FROM THE “NUREMBERG CHRONICLE.” 
 
 Nuremberg Chronicle. 
 
 This is the most curious of all of Lyons. The “ Chronicle ” was issued in 
 Anthony Koberger’s productions. He 1493. It is a large thick folio, edited or 
 began to print at Nuremberg in 1473, and compiled by Hartmann Schedel, as a 
 in a few years had acquired a great repu- summary of the history, geography, and 
 tation. He had twenty-four presses in wonders of the world. It contains more 
 that city, and offices at Basle and at than 2,000 impressions of woodcuts, 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 85 
 
 “ made by Wolgemuth and Pleydenwurfif, 
 mathematical men, and cunning as de- 
 signers.” 
 
 The woodcut is a reduced fac-simile, 
 taken from the “ Nuremberg Chronicle,” 
 of “The Dance of Death,” — a subject 
 which was very common at the beginning 
 of the 16th century. In these hideous 
 
 paintings the saint saw the necessity of 
 preparation for death, and the sinner 
 interpreted them as an assertion of the 
 equality of all men and the final punish- 
 ment of the unjust. 
 
 Reference is made in the “ Nuremberg 
 Chronicle ” to the Koster Legend. — See 
 Koster. 
 
 Nuremberg, Printing at. 
 
 The above device, belonging, to a 
 Nuremberg printer, whose name is not 
 ascertained, is taken from Berjeau’s 
 “Printers’ Marks.” It appears in the 
 “Opera Hrosvite illvstris virginis et 
 monialis Germane gente saxonica orte 
 
 nvper a Conrado celte inventa,” Nurem- 
 berg, 1501. fo. It has been supposed that 
 the book was printed in some N uremberg 
 convent. The device is an emblem of a 
 flag on three mountains, and on either 
 side the initials A. P. 
 
 Nutberti (E.) [ i.e . Btittner, E.]. Um die Evangelische Religion 
 hochst meritirte Buchdruckerkunst bey verschenckten Postulat, 
 &c. Halle: 1719. 4to. 
 
 N[uyts] (C. J.). Essai sur l’imprimerie des Nutius. Bruxelles : 
 185S. 8vo. pp. 133. 
 
 This is the second edition. The first, of which only fifty copies were printed, was 
 issued in 1856. The presses of Martin Nuyts, his son Philip, and Martin the 
 younger, were at work from 1540 to 1639 * n Antwerp. 
 
 Jean Steelsius, libraire d’Anvers (1533-1575). Releve biblio- 
 
 graphique de ses productions. Bruxelles : 1859. 8vo. pp. 69. 
 
 An extract from vols. xiv. and xv. of Nuyts and that of Nutius, the founda- 
 of the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige, tion of the two books is the same. They 
 There were only 75 copies printed for contain exactly the same list of the pro- 
 sale. Notwithstanding the difference of ductions of the two printers, 
 the words of the title between the work 
 
86 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Nyenhuis (J. T. Bodel). Dissertatio historico-juridica, de juribus 
 typ°g r aphor um et bibliopolarum in regno Belgico, quam, 
 annuente Summo Numine, ex auctoritate rectoris magnifici, 
 Meinardi Simonis du Pui, A. L. M., Med. et Phil. Doct., 
 Medicinae Prof. Ordin. et augustissimi universi Belgii Regis 
 Archiatri, nec non nobilissimse facultatis juridicae decreto, pro 
 gradu doctoratus, summisque in jure Romano et Hodierno 
 honoribus ac privilegiis, in academia Lugduno-Batava, rite et 
 legitime consequendis, eruditorum examini submittit Johannes 
 Tiberius Bodel Nyenhuis. Lugduni-Batavorum : 1819. Royal 
 8vo. pp. xiv. 447. Large paper in 4to. 
 
 Liste alphabetique d’une petite collection de Portraits d’lm- 
 
 primeurs, de Libraires, de Fondeurs de Caracteres, et Correcteurs 
 d’£preuves. 7 parts. Leyden : 1836-1870. 4to. Not printed 
 for sale. 
 
 The above is the title of No. I. The 
 work is complete in seven numbers with a 
 variation in the title-page of each. No. 
 vii. was published at Leyden, in 1868, 
 when the title appeared as follows : — 
 “ Liste alphabetique d’une Collection de 
 Portraits d’Imprimeurs, de Libraires, etc., 
 de tous les temps et de tous les peuples, 
 decrite par J. T. Bodel Nyenhuis.” 
 
 An interesting list of published por- 
 traits of printers and publishers, ar- 
 ranged in a tabular form, and giving the 
 date of the birth and the death of the 
 subject, and the painter and engraver of 
 
 the portraits, with notes as to the pose, 
 where the picture is preserved, &c. 
 The author’s valuable typographical li- 
 brary, including the collection of por- 
 traits described above, was sold, after his 
 death in 1874, by auction, by Mr. Fred. 
 Muller, and the collection of portraits, in 
 one lot, fetched over £,\oo. 
 
 M. J. T. Bodel Nyenhuis describes 
 himself on the title-page of his works 
 as “officier de l’ordre de la Couronne 
 de Chene, membre de l’Academie royale 
 des Beaux-Arts d’ Amsterdam,” &c. 
 
Gutenberg,” was born at Mayence, about 
 1400. He had two brothers : the one, 
 Conrad, died before 1424 ; the other, 
 Frielo, who was living in 1459 ; and two 
 sisters, Bertha and Hebele, both being 
 nuns. In 1424, Gutenberg was at Stras- 
 bourg ; in 1430 it is not known where 
 he resided ; in 1434 he brought, 
 at Strasbourg, an action against the 
 Town Clerk of Mayence. In 1436, he 
 entered into partnership with Andrew 
 Dryzehn and others to begin his typo- 
 graphical experiments. In 1437 took 
 place the action brought hy Anne of the 
 Iron Gate. In 1439, Gutenberg was 
 at Strasbourg, and in the same year, 
 Andrew Dryzehn having died, his brother 
 Georges sued Gutenberg for a share in 
 the proceeds of the partnership. In 1441 
 and 1442, Gutenberg was connected with 
 the College of St. Thomas. In 1443 and 
 1444 he was still engaged in his essays at 
 printing in Strasbourg. Between the 
 years 1445-1450 Gutenberg was at May- 
 ence printing small works, among them 
 the “ Alphabet,” engraved on wood, for 
 use in schools ; “ Alexandri Galli Doctri- 
 nale ; ” “ Petri Hispani tractatus Logi- 
 cales ; ” and a “Donati Grammatica.” 
 In 1450, Gutenberg became associated 
 
 BERLIN (Jer. Jacques). Essai d’Annales 
 de la Vie de Jean Gutenberg, Inventeur 
 de la Typographic. Strasbourg : an 
 IX. [1801.] 8vo. pp. i. 45. Por- 
 trait of Gutenberg. Reprinted in 
 
 1840. Title in 5 colours. 8vo. pp. 
 
 5i- 
 
 This brochure presented many new facts con- 
 cerning Gutenberg. The author commences 
 by recapitulating the various proofs, which can 
 be shown to be authentic, of the connection of 
 Gutenberg with the invention, citing a great variety 
 of authors who had written on the subject. His 
 theory was briefly as follows : — He believed that 
 Jean Henne Gsensfleisch de Sorgeloch, named 
 
 with John Fust, and the two together 
 brought out the “ Bible Latine,” Fust 
 finding the funds, the other the technical 
 knowledge, in accordance with a deed of 
 co-partnership drawn up by the notary 
 Helmasperger. In 1454 the partnership 
 was still in existence. Various new 
 works were issued, and it is to this period 
 that must be attributed the “ Letters of 
 Indulgence of Nicholas V.,” accorded, 
 12th August, 1451, to Paulin Zappe, coun- 
 cillor and ambassador of John, King of 
 Cyprus, for the defence of his kingdom 
 against the Turks. In 1455 the arrange- 
 ments between Gutenberg and Fust were 
 broken up, and in 1456 Gutenberg, 
 despoiled of his press by the legal process 
 of Fust, set up another by the aid of 
 Conrad Humery, Syndic of Mayence. 
 In 1459 Gutenberg was a party to a deed 
 in favour of the Convent of St. Claire of 
 Mayence, which clearly proves that he 
 had already printed and published various 
 important works, and that he was at the 
 time contemplating others. In 1460 ap- 
 peared the “ Catholicon,” of John de 
 Balbis, in folio, containing 373 pages. 
 There is considerable doubt, however, 
 as to whether he printed “ Mathei de 
 Cracovia tractatus, seu dialogus racionis 
 
88 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 et conscientia,” &c., in 4to, 22 leaves ; or 
 “ Thome de Aquino Summa de articulis 
 fidei,” in 4to, 30 leaves ; or the “ Statuta 
 provincialia,” &c., in 4to. In 1462 he 
 printed the “Letters Patent of Thierry 
 d’Isenbourg,” Archbishop of Mayence, 
 who refused to resign his see to Adolph, 
 his antagonist. These letters appeared 
 under the title of “Diethers Churfiirsten 
 zu Maynz, Schrifft wider Graf Adolphen 
 zu Nassau,” in folio, 4 leaves. There 
 still exists a Latin edition of that docu- 
 ment. In 1465 Gutenberg was received 
 by the Archbishop Adolph among the 
 noblemen of his Court, with a uniform, 
 pension, privileges, and exemptions. 
 The letters conferring these privileges 
 are dated “ Eltvil,” the Thursday after 
 St. Anthony’s Day, 1465. In 1466 a 
 “ Grammatica Rhythmica ” proceeded 
 from the press at Mayence ; but as the 
 printer is only designated as “Johannes,” 
 it is not understood whether it was 
 executed by Fust or Gutenberg. In 
 
 1468 Gutenberg was dead : he may have 
 died the preceding year. 
 
 Such is the substance of this opuscule 
 of Oberlin. It supports, with a num- 
 ber of chronological notes, the argu- 
 ments brought forward, and claims to 
 throw great light on different obscure 
 incidents in the life of Gutenberg. The 
 reader should, however, compare these 
 conclusions with the account of the in- 
 ventor of printing, s. v. Gutenberg, 
 and also particularly consult the writings 
 of Mr. Hessels. — See Supplement. 
 
 J£r£mie Jacques Oberlin was born 
 at Strasbourg, in 1735, where he resided 
 and successively filled several important 
 positions in the University, being li- 
 brarian to the University in 1764, and, 
 in 1773, associate-librarian of the Faculte 
 de Philosophic. He was the author of 
 many learned works ; his only pro- 
 duction coming within our scope, how- 
 ever, being the one above cited. 
 
 Oberlin. Memoire sur le Polytypage de M. Hoffmann. [In the “Me- 
 moires de la Societe des Sciences, Agriculture, et Arts de Stras- 
 bourg.” Tome ii. pp. 73-81.] 1823. 
 
 Treats of the system of Hoffmann reproduction on paper, in as many im- 
 among other processes of stereotyping, pressions as may be desired, of the 
 as well as of the experiments made by written matter, by means of an ink of 
 him at different times, without giving peculiar composition, from a metal plate, 
 details of these processes, to which he Since 1784, Mr. Hoffmann had been 
 applied himself about the same time as occupied in the “polytypage” of manu- 
 the introduction of the inventions of scripts, with the intention of reproducing 
 Didot and Herhan. According to this them in fac-simile. 
 memoir the invention consisted in the 
 
 Observations (Some) concerning the Invention and Progress of 
 Printing to the year 1465, occasioned by Ch. Ellis’s Letter 
 in Philosophical Transactions. London : 1705. 8vo. 
 
 Sir C. Ellis’s letter was printed in the Philosophical Transactions. This is a 
 separate publication. 
 
 Observations on the Case of the Booksellers of London and 
 Westminster. London: [1 7 ^ 5 -] Fol. pp. 4. 
 
 Contains many curious details of the printing and publishing businesses as carried 
 on in 1785 . — See Parliamentary Papers. 
 
 Observations on the Mentz Bible. London: 1811. 8vo. 
 
 Observations sur le projet de loi sur la presse en ce qui concerne 
 specialement l’imprimerie. Paris : 1867. 4to. 
 
 Observations sur quelques circonstances de l’histoire de l’impri- 
 merie. [In “ Histoire de l’Academie Royale des Inscriptions,” 
 &c. Tome xiv. pp. 238 -254.] 
 
 Obst (H.). Der Moderne Holzschnitt. [In Die Gegemvart, vol. iii. 
 No. 18, p. 282.] Berlin: 1873. 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 89 
 
 Odell (S. ). A short history of the Invention of Printing, with 
 Specimens of Type from S. Odell’s printing-office. London : 
 [1840.] i2mo. 
 
 Oechelhauser (W.), Hering (F. C.), und Weiss (F. G. ). Referat 
 iiber Papier, Buchbinderei und Buchdruck. Munchen : 1855. 
 8vo. pp. 93. 
 
 Report of a Commission on Printing at the Industrial Exhibition of Munich of 1854. 
 Oelrichs (J. C. C. ). Historische Nachricht von der vortrefflichen 
 ehemaligen furstlichen Buchdruckerey zu Bard in Pommem. 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte derselben. Alten-Stettin : 1756. 8vo. 
 pp. 48. Nebst Beitrag. Biitzow : 1764. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 Oelsner (Dr. Ludwig). R. Sabbathai Bassista und sein Prozess. 
 Nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen. Leipzig : 1858. 
 8vo. pp. 44. 
 
 The author was a Jewish printer and bookseller in Dyrnfurth, near Breslau. 
 
 augsburg: 1505-1516. 
 
 Oglin (Erhard). 
 
 The device of this printer consists of a white fleur-de-lh on black ground, 
 springing from a globe, with the letters E O on either side. 
 
 VOL. II. N 
 
9 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Oldys (William). The British Librarian : exhibiting a compendious 
 Review or Abstract of our most scarce, useful, and valuable 
 Books, in all Sciences, as well in Manuscript as in Print. 
 London : 1738. 8vo. pp. xii. 402. 
 
 Published in six monthly numbers. Some books on the early history of Printing 
 
 are among those reviewed. 
 
 Olearius (J. C.). Lobliche Buchdruckerkunst. Halle: [1640]. 
 Small 4to. 
 
 Oliveira (Jose de). Diagnosis Typografica dos Caracteres Gregos, 
 Hebraicos, e Arabigos, addicionacla com algumas notas sobre a 
 divisao orthografica da lingua Latina, e outras da Europa, 
 a que se ajuntao algunos preceitos da Arte Typografica para 
 melhor correc9ao e usa dos Compositores e Apprendizes da Im- 
 prensa Regia. Lisboa : 1804. 8vo. 8 numbered leaves, pp. viii. 
 72, and 2 engraved plates of abbreviations. 
 
 Olivier (George). Jean Gutenberg. [In the feuilleton of the Indi- 
 cat eur de la ville de Strasbourg , Nos. 1, 2, 3.] 1856. 
 
 Olmo (Antonio Esteban del). La tipografia y los tipografos ; recuerdos 
 del arte de imprimir y de sus hombres. Madrid: 1880. 8vo. pp. 112. 
 
 DASLE : 1494-99. x 5°6 (?). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 9 1 
 
 OLrE (Johannes Bergmann de). 
 
 Several bibliographers give lists of the 
 books of this printer, but no biographical 
 information concerning him. The device 
 which we have reproduced is found on 
 the last leaf of Seb. Brandt’s “ De Ori- 
 gine et conversatione bonorum regum.” 
 Basle, 1495, 4to. Olpe, however, had 
 several devices. The sextuple mountain 
 
 Olpe (Petrus in Altis de). 
 
 We have received the following inte- 
 resting communication concerning Petrus 
 de Olpe from Mr. J. H. Hessels, of 
 Cambridge : — 
 
 A difficulty in the career of this 
 printer has been happily cleared up by 
 M. Madden, in his “Letlres d’un Biblio- 
 graphe,” 4 e serie, Paris, 1875, p. 265. 
 We have of this printer a book (a copy 
 of which is in Trinity College Library, 
 Cambridge), entitled : [Joh. Calderini] 
 A uctoritates decretorum. It is a folio 
 of 62 leaves, printed in two columns, 
 containing 42 not always even lines. 
 On leaf 6i bb we find the following colo- 
 phon : — “ Auctoritates decretorum. || im- 
 presse colonie agrippine || per me Petrum 
 de Olpe. || Sub Anno a. Natiuitate|| 
 domini. Millesimo qua || dringentesimo 
 septuagesi || mo Finite et complete ipso || 
 die lune xxiij. mensis Ju || nij finiunt feli- 
 citer. || (1 line blank) DEO GRACIAS. ||. 
 Therefore '. Printed, at Cologne, on Mon- 
 day the iyrd of June, 1470.” 
 
 Maittaire (Annales typographici, 1733, 
 4 0 . Amstel., Editio nova, tom. i., p. 305) 
 mentions: “Auctoritates Decretorum, 
 
 per Johannem Caldrini. Petrus de Olpe. 
 Die Lunae 23 Jun., fob, Colonise Agrip- 
 pinae. 1471.” Marchand (Histoire de 
 rimprimerie, 1740, 4 0 ., La Haye, p. 56) 
 mentions: “Auctoritates Decretorum: 
 impresse Colonie Agrippine per me Pe- 
 trum de Olpe, sub Anno a Nativitate 
 Domini millesimo quadringentesimo sep- 
 tuagesimo, finite & complete ipso Die 
 Lunexxij. Mensis Junii. Finiunt feliciter. 
 DEO GRATIAS. Cologne, Pierre de 
 Olpe M.CCCC.LXX. in folio.” He 
 seems to quote from “Spicilegium 
 vet. Sec. xv. Edit.” Maittaire has, in 
 his Annalium typographicorum Index 
 (or first part of his 5th vol. ; 1741, 4 0 ., 
 Londini, p. 223), “ Calderini (Joh.) Auc- 
 toritates Decretorum [i. 303, leg. 305], 
 per Petr, de Olp. fol. Colon. 1471,” 
 which therefore refers to the title he gave 
 in his first vol. And on p. 515 of the 
 second part of his Index (second part of 
 the 5th vol.) he quotes from Marchand 
 
 on his escutcheon evidently refers to his 
 name, but his adoption of th & fleur-de- 
 lys has not been explained. The most 
 celebrated work printed by J. B. de 
 Olpe was Sebastian Brandt’s “ Stultifera 
 navis ” (Basle, 1497, 4to.). This is the 
 original edition of the “ Ship of Fools,” 
 published at Basle. 
 
 as follows : — “Decretorum Authoritates : 
 impresse Colonie Agrippine per me 
 Petrum de Olpe, sub anno a Nativitate 
 Domini millesimo quadringentesimo sep- 
 tuagesimo, finite et complete ipso die 
 lune xxij mensis Junii M. 56 [/.<?., 
 Marchand, p. 56] fol.” He omits here 
 the year. 
 
 Panzer (i. 274. 2) mentions the book 
 under 1470, but evidently quotes from 
 Marchand, and gives the day of the 
 month as xxij. In his note he points out 
 the discrepancies between Maittaire and 
 Marchand, and says that there is only 
 one edition, either that mentioned by 
 Maittaire or that by Marchand. 
 
 There can be no doubt that all these 
 quotations refer to one and the same 
 book ; that Maittaire made a mistake in 
 the year and wrote 1471, instead of 1470 ; 
 while Marchand made a mistake in the 
 day of the month and wrote xxij instead 
 of xxiij. 
 
 Hain (Repertor. Bibliogr. 1827, No. 
 4246) gives the colophon as I have 
 copied it from the Cambridge copy. 
 
 The same colophon is again given by 
 Brunet, sub voce Auctoritates, who says 
 of the book, that “it is a remarkable 
 edition because it is the earliest book we 
 have of Peter de Olpe.” 
 
 We meet with the same printer in 1476, 
 when he produced “ Casus summarii 
 librorum Decretalium Sexti et Clementi- 
 narum.” It is a folio of 134 leaves, with 
 two columns on a page, having 42 not 
 always even lines to a column. The 
 colophon (copied from the copy in the 
 University Library, Cambridge) is as 
 follows : Finitus & completus est liber 
 iste || Casus summarios librorum Deere || 
 talium. Sexti et Clementinarum || vna 
 cum nuclio sine medulla glo || sularum 
 ommum. eorundem librorum || in se con- 
 tinens. Per venerabilem || et egregium 
 virum dominuzTz et ma || gistrum michae- 
 lem de dalen in iu || re canonico licen- 
 ciatuz/z expertissimu7« || inq ue venerabili 
 curia Colonienjz cau || sarum aduocatum 
 peritissimum. la || boriose compendiose et 
 
92 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 nuclialiter || compilatus. Per me petruin 
 in || altis de olpe. Colonie impressus || 
 Sub anno a. Natiuitate domini. || Mil- 
 lesimoquadringe«tesimoseptu || agesimo- 
 sexto. Die quidem mercu || rij decima- 
 octaua me«sis decembris || . . . 
 
 I. e. , printed at Cologne, on Wednes- 
 day, the 1 8th of Dec., 1476. 
 
 In 1477 P. de Olpe produced: 1 . Cor- 
 diale quatuor novissimorum, 32 leaves, 
 in folio, in two columns of 42 mostly, 
 but not always even lines. It has as 
 colophon (copied from the copy in the 
 University Library, Cambridge) : Cor- 
 diale quatuor no || uissimo rum Colonie 
 agrip || pini impressum Per me || petrum 
 de Olpe. Finituw || et completum. Sub 
 awno || a Natiuitate domini. Mille || 
 simoquadringentesimo || septuagesimo- 
 septimo. Ipso* || die Lune sexta mensis 
 || Octobris finit feliciter. || (i.e., Printed 
 at Cologne, on Monday, the 6th of 
 Oct., 1477.) 2 . [Nicolai de Tudeschis 
 Abb. Panormit.] Flores utriusque Juris, 
 with the colophon (copied from Panzer) : 
 Impressi Colonie Agrippine Per me 
 Petrum de olpe sub anno a natiuitate 
 domini M.CCCC. septuagesiino septimo 
 completi et finiti ipso die martis decima 
 nona mensis Augusti finiunt feliciter, 
 /•<?., Printed at Cologne, on Tuesday, the 
 19th of August, 1477. According to 
 M. Madden, it is a folio of 114 leaves, in 
 two columns of 41 lines. 
 
 In Holtrop’s Catal. librorum Saec. 
 xv° impressorum, p. 3557 we find three 
 
 other books ascribed to Peter de Olpe, 
 but of one of them (No. 207) I am able 
 to say that it is not printed in de Olpe’s 
 type, and No. 208 has the date 1481, 
 when P. de Olpe no longer seems to 
 have worked. 
 
 Taking the above colophons together 
 we would get the following summary of 
 de Olpe’s work : — 
 
 1. Auctoritates Decretorum, 
 
 Monday, June 23, 1470. 
 
 2. Libri Decretalium, 
 
 Wednesday, December 18, 1476. 
 
 3. Flores utriusque Juris, 
 
 Tuesday, August 19, 1477. 
 
 4. Cordiale quatuor novissimorum, 
 
 Monday, October 6, 1477. 
 
 M. Madden, however, has remarked 
 that as, in T470, Easter Sunday fell on 
 the 22nd of April, the 23rd of June was 
 a Saturday and not a Monday ; that 
 consequently we must suppose the word 
 septimo to have been omitted in the 
 colophon of the “Auctoritates” after 
 septuagesimo, as in 1477 the 23rd of 
 June was a Monday. The four books, 
 therefore, produced by Peter de Olpe 
 will have to be arranged thus : 
 
 1. Libri Decretalium, 
 
 Wednesday, December 18, 1476. 
 
 2. Auctoritates Decretorum, 
 
 Monday, June 23, 1477. 
 
 3. Flores utriusque Juris, 
 
 Tuesday, August 19, 1477. 
 
 4. Cordiale quatuor novissimorum, 
 
 Monday, October 6, 1477. 
 
 Omnichromo Printing Company. The Book of Monograms, 
 Devices, and Illuminations, by the Omnichromo Printing Com- 
 pany. London. [ n . di\ 4to. pp. 2. 5 plates. 
 
 This was intended to be published as a 
 fine-art serial, and “a guide to those 
 whose profession renders a knowledge of 
 the various styles of monograms and 
 devices essential,” but this part only was 
 published. From an advertisement at 
 the end it would appear that the com- 
 pany, whose works were at 3, Red Lion- 
 square was formed to carry out a patent 
 granted to Mr. George Lawrence Lee, 
 who was the manager, by which it was 
 claimed, “ hand-painting and gilding on 
 glass, wall decorations, &c., is entirely 
 
 superseded, and, by the aid of machinery, 
 that which has hitherto been a slow and 
 expensive operation has by means of this 
 process become cheap and expeditious.” 
 We presume that the patent referred 
 to is No. 12,366, dated Dec. ix, 1848, 
 the specification being entitled “Im- 
 provements in obtaining ornamental 
 designs.” The only part relating to 
 printing is a method of printing on 
 paper which is afterwards rendered 
 waterproof by size and varnish. 
 
 Ontwerp van een reglement op de drukwerken in Ned. Indie, met 
 de daarbij behoorende nota tot toelichting. Rotterdam : 1857. 
 8vo. 
 
 The 0 of ipso is printed in the margin. 
 
Bibliography of Prin ting . 
 
 93 
 
 Oomkens Jz. (J.). Bouwstoffen tot eene geschiedenis van de boekdruk- 
 kunst en den boekhandel in de stad en provincie Groningen. 
 
 [Groningen : 1854.] 8vo. pp. 80. Second edition. 1864. 
 
 Not printed for sale. 
 
 Proef van Letteren, Bloemen, enz., der Boekdrukkerij van 
 
 J. Oomkens Jzoon. Groningen : 1807. 8vo. 
 
 Op het vertoogh aen Haere doorluchtighste Hoogheydt gedaen door 
 de boeckdruckers, verkoopers. Brussels : [1731.] Folio. 
 
 Translation into Dutch of a proclamation of the 25th June, 1729, relative to 
 printing and publishing. The above was stated to be “issued at Brussels, the 9th 
 July, and published by the Council of Flanders, 6 August, 1731.” 
 
 Opitius (J. C.). Incunabula atque Incrementa Typography saeculo 
 XV. Mindae : 1740. 4to. 
 
 Singularia artis Typography a Saeculo XVI. Mind. : 1742. 
 
 Schediasmata Continuatio I., II., III. Mindaej 1743. 4to. 
 
 BASI.E : 1543. 
 
 Oporinus (Joannes). — See Jociscus. 
 
 John Oporin (Latinised, Oporinus) 
 was a celebrated sixteenth-century printer 
 of Basle, where he was born in 1507, of 
 
 poor parents, and had to struggle during 
 the greater part of his life with poverty 
 and affliction. After having studied the 
 
94 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Latin and Greek languages he became 
 by turns schoolmaster, private teacher, 
 doctor, and transcriber to John Froben. 
 He had, as Peignot says, successively , 
 “ four wives, of whom the first was a 
 vixen, the second a spendthrift, but the 
 two last did not give him any trouble.” 
 He had as friends Andre Vesal, Erasmus, 
 Sixte Betuleius, Joachim Camerarius, 
 and Conrad Gesner, the last-named of 
 whom compiled a list of the books that 
 issued from the presses of Oporin. He 
 began to study medicine under Theo- 
 praste Paracelsus, but was “ too con- 
 scientious” to adopt the manoeuvres of 
 that celebrated empiric. Then he was 
 advised to study jurisprudence, but pre- 
 ferred to practise typography, which 
 appeared more congenial to his literary 
 tastes. He applied himself to the ac- 
 quirement of the necessary technical 
 knowledge with extraordinary enthusi- 
 asm. In 1516 he produced the first pub- 
 lished Greek Testament, edited by Eras- 
 mus. Some time afterwards he allied him- 
 self with Robert Winter. It is said that his 
 original name was Herbst, which in Ger- 
 man means Autumn, and that he changed 
 it to Oporin, which is derived from the 
 Greek, and has the same meaning. The 
 partnership was therefore the union of 
 
 Autumn with Winter. Oporin and 
 Winter issued a large number of excel- 
 lently-printed works. The former col- 
 lated all the notes and comments upon 
 the ancient classics which he could find 
 in the writings of the most eminent 
 authors, and published them for the 
 benefit of general readers, ultimately 
 becoming so celebrated for his typo- 
 graphy that the leading scholars of the 
 day solicited him to undertake the print- 
 ing of their books, among them being 
 Andrew Vesal and Erasmus. He had at 
 first for his motto, “ In via virtuti nulla 
 est via.” When, however, his affairs 
 became embarrassed by his “excessive 
 generosity” he adopted the following 
 words instead : — “ Fata viam invenient.” 
 He surpassed all the German printers by 
 the beauty of his Greek types and by the 
 careful revision he gave to his different 
 works. He is said to have read the final 
 proofs himself, and to have been in the 
 habit of adding annotations, often of 
 great value. This learned printer died 
 July 6th, 1568, at the age of sixty-one 
 years. He was interred in the Cathedral 
 at Basle, his tomb being surrounded by 
 those of Erasmus, the Gryphes, CEcolam- 
 pade, and Sebastian Munster. He left 
 behind him one son. 
 
 Oratio Dominica in CLV. linguas versa et exoticis characteribus 
 plerumque expressa, Parmae, Typis Bodonianis : 1806. 4to. 
 Title and dedication in French, 3 leaves ; preface in French, 
 pp. xix. ; dedication and preface in Italian, 2 leaves, pp. xix. ; 
 the same in Latin, 2 leaves, pp. xix. ; pp. ccxlviii. 
 
 A magnificent monument of the famous Bodoni Press. 
 
 Ordinancie, statuyt ende gebot prouisionnael onss Heeren des 
 Conincx, aengaende de Printers, Boeckvercoopers ende Schoel- 
 meesters. Brussele : 19 Mai, 1570. 4to. 
 
 Ordinantie vande Eertz-liertoghen, behelsende zekere poincten ende 
 articulen, gheaniseert ende gheslaeten in het Synode Prouincial 
 tot Mechelen ghehouden inde maenden van Junius en Julius xvi c . 
 ende zeriene. Ende by haere hoocheden ghedecretiert eh eh 
 geaduoueert den lesten dach van Augusto xvj c . achte. Te 
 Ghendt, By Jan va Steene .... Anno zesthienhondert achte. 
 
 This placard contains the regulations concerning the masters of the institution 
 
 and the printers, &c. 
 
 Ordinantz E. E. Rahts der Stadt Dantzig dero Buchdruckereyen 
 belangend. Dantzig : 1685. 4to. 
 
 Ordnung (erneuerte) eines wol-edlen, gestrengen und hochweisen 
 Raths der heil. Reichs-Stadt Niirnberg, wie es fiirterhin auf ten 
 Buchdruckereyen und mit Verlegung der Bucher dieser Stadt 
 gehalten werden solle. Niirnberg : 1673. 4to. 
 
95 
 
 Bibliography of Printwg. 
 
 Ordnung und Artickel, cines edlen und hochweisen Raths der 
 Stadt Frankfurt-am-Mayn, emeuerte, wie es furterhin auf den 
 Buchdruckereyen gehalten werden solle. 1660. 4to. 
 
 Ordonnance du Lieutenant civil, portant defense de rien imprimer 
 et vendre sans permission. Paris : 1649. 4to. 
 
 Ordonnantie der Stad Leyden, op het Gilde der boekverkoopers, 
 boek- en plaatdrukkers, boekbinders, papier-, pennen-, land-, en 
 speelkaertverkoopers ; bener een reglement wegens het houden 
 der auctien, enz. Leyden: 1775. 4to. 
 
 Ordonnantie ende Placcaet . . . Ghemaeckt op het stuck van het 
 drucken vercoopen ende inbrengen van verscheyden soorten van 
 Boecken, Refereynen ende Beelden inde Landen van herwaert- 
 souere. Tot Br vessel. By Huybrecht Anthoon (Velpius). 1616. 
 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 A broadside, dated nth March, 1616. 
 
 Ordonnantie ende Placcaet . . . ghemaeckt op het stuck van het 
 drucken, vercoopen ende inbrengen van verscheyden soorten van 
 Boecken, Referynen ende Beelden inde Landen van herwaert- 
 souere. Tot Brvssel. By Huybrecht Anthoon (Velpius). 1626. 
 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 Ordonnantie voor de Casteels en Stads-Drukkerijen te Batavia. 
 1761. 2 Junij. 3 leaves. Folio. 
 
 Origine de lTmprimerie. [In the Magasin Pittoresque , vol. xxv., 
 No. 26; vol. xxvi., Nos. 24, 33, 37.] Paris: 1857-58. Folio. 
 
 Origine de lTmprimerie . — See Lambinet, &c. 
 
 Orlandi (Pellegrini Antonio). Notizia delle Marche degli Antichi e 
 Moderni Impressori. 
 
 Origine e Progressi della Stampa, o sia dell’ Arte Impressoria 
 
 e Notizie dell’ opere stampate dall’ anno 1457 sino all’ anno 
 1500. [Bologna : 1722.] 4to. pp. iv. 450. 
 
 No place of publication is given on count of the several books supposed to 
 the title-page. The Introduction is have been published from 1462 to 1500. 
 dated “ Bologna,” and the Censor’s There are copies in existence, and highly 
 permission is dated “ Bononiae.” This prized, that were printed on strong 
 work was issued about the time writing paper. Dibdin considers it super- 
 of Maittaire’s “ Annales,” to which it is seded by the labours of Maittaire and 
 very similar. It is a compendious ac- Panzer. 
 
 Orleans. — See Herluison. 
 
 Orteli us (Abraham). Theatrum orbis terrarum. Antverpiae : 1574. 
 
 Mentions Haarlem as the place to which the invention of printing is due. 
 
 Ortlepp (Ernst). Gedicht zum Gutenbergsfeste. Leipzig : 1840. 
 8vo. pp. 18. 
 
96 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ORTLEPP (J. C.). Festgabe fiir den deutschen Landmann. Eine 
 Predigt, auf Veranlassung der vierhundertjahrigen Jubelfeier der 
 Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst am 2. Sonnt. nach Trin. 1840 
 in der Kirche zu Blumberg bei Torgau gehalten. Halle : 1840. 
 8vo. 
 
 
 
 
 LONDON : 1581-1593, I59 6 - 
 
 Orwin (Thomas). 
 
 This printer was made free of the devices, one of which, as altered by his 
 
 Stationers’ Company in 1581, and was widow, with the omission of the initials 
 
 raised to the livery in 1592. He lived in T. O., is here reproduced. The usual 
 Paternoster Row, near the sign of the design is the symbolic caduceus, with two 
 “ Chequer.” Orwin lived till 1593, when horns of abundance held by two clasped 
 
 his widow carried on the business, hands, and T. O. beneath, in a car- 
 
 at the sign of the “Bible,” for a few touch, with the motto “By wisdom 
 years. — Vide Herbert's Ames, vol. ii., peace, by peace plenty.” 
 pp. 1241 to 1252. Orwin used several 
 
 Osmont (J. B. L.). Dictionnaire typographique, historique, et 
 critique des livres rares, singuliers, estimes, et recherches, en tous 
 genres. 2 vols. Paris: 1768. 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xii. 515; 
 vol. ii., pp. iii. 459. 
 
 A bibliographical work on rare and best editions, but with little that is specially 
 typographical. It is now superseded by Brunet’s Manual. 
 
 Ostell (W.). Ostell’s Printer’s Price-Book, &c. London: 1856. 
 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Ostell was a printer, in a small way of business, in Hart Street, Bloomsbury. 
 
 Ottema (J. G.). Over het oude boek der Friesche wetten, gedrukt 
 te Dokkum in 1466. Workum : 1859. 8vo. With fac-simile. 
 
 Ott-Usteri. Eroffnungs-Rede der Jahres-Versammlung der Mu- 
 seum-Gesellschaft in Zurich am Jubelfeste der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst, den 24. Juni 1840. Nebst Verzeichniss der 
 am Festtage ausgestellten typographischen Merkwlirdigkeiten, 
 mit erlauternden Bemerkungen von J. Casp. Orelli. Zurich : 
 1840. i6mo. pp. 40. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 97 
 
 Ottino (Giuseppe). Biblioteca Tipografica Ilaliana. 1871. 161110. 
 
 pp. 76. 
 
 -» — Di Bernardo Cennini e dell’ arte della stampa in Firenze nei 
 primi cento anni dell’* invenzione di essa : Sommario storico, con 
 documenti inediti. Florence: 1871. 8vo. pp. 118. Woodcuts. 
 
 This is a work on the history of the 
 Florentine Press in the first century of 
 the invention of printing, and is written 
 by a well-known and esteemed Italian 
 bibliographer. It was published for the 
 benefit of the Cennini Memorial Fund, 
 and the celebration of the quar-centenary 
 of Italian typography. Bernardo Cen- 
 nini is alleged to have been not merely 
 the earliest printer in Florence, but one 
 of those in whose minds the prime idea 
 of printing first germinated. The author 
 says: — “For four centuries we have 
 been endeavouring to learn who was 
 the true inventor of printing. For my 
 part, ever since I took any interest in 
 books I have constantly asked myself if 
 printing really had an inventor, or 
 whether it was anything more than a 
 happy result of many happy ideas. That 
 which has hitherto been called the in- 
 
 vention of printing should, to my idea, 
 rather be named the invention of the 
 printed book ; since, although it cannot 
 be denied that people printed before 
 Gutenberg, it is equally undeniable that 
 no one before him printed a book.” 
 Sig. Ottino goes into the remote history 
 of printing, and passes on to the me- 
 diaeval printers of Italy ; thence to a 
 biography of Cennini. and a discussion 
 of the rights of the “ Vita di S. Caterina ” 
 or the “ Servii Commentarii” to be re- 
 spectively the first book printed at 
 Florence, he himself favouring the latter. 
 Whichever is right, it is claimed for the 
 year 1471. Cennini lived to his 84th year, 
 and was buried in the tomb of his fathers, 
 in the church of San Lorenzo. The book 
 concludes with an account of his imme- 
 diate successors, and a Cennini biblio- 
 graphy . — See Cennini. 
 
 La Stampa periodica. II commercio dei libri e la tipografia 
 
 in Italia, xv. Febbrajo, 1873. Milan : 1875. Small folio, 
 pp. 75 and 2 leaves. 
 
 Containing a list of all Italian periodical publications, and an extensive list of 
 Italian works on typography, with statistics of the printing-houses in Italy. 
 
 Ottley (William Young), F. S.A. An Inquiry into the Origin and 
 Early History of Engraving upon Copper and in Wood, with an 
 account of Engravers and their Works, from the Invention of 
 Chalcography by Maso Finiguerra to the time of Marc’ Antonio 
 Raimondi. 2 vols. London : 1816. 4to. pp. xxii. 836. 
 
 Numerous illustrations in the text and 28 plates. 
 
 Fifty copies printed on large paper. exhaustively treated of, and the works of 
 
 Ottley’s History occupies the same the early Italian, German, and Low 
 relation to Engraving that Dibdin’s Ames Country engravers are respectively cata- 
 does to Typography. It is a sumptuously logued and described. The large paper 
 printed book by J. McCreery. The early copies containthe plates in duplicate, 
 monuments of engraving are fully de- the facsimiles of early prints being 
 scribed, and an entire chapter is devoted coloured after the originals, 
 to the Block - books. The Nielli are 
 
 An Inquiry concerning the Invention of Printing : in which 
 
 the systems of Meerman, Heinecken, Santander, and Koning are 
 reviewed ; including also notices of the early use of Wood- 
 engraving in Europe, the Block-books, &c. With an Introduction 
 by J. Ph. Berjeau. Illustrated with 37 plates and numerous 
 wood-engravings. London : 1863. 4to. pp. xlii. 377. 
 
 This work was finished by Mr. Ottley, was yet being written, the whole of the 
 and, with the exception of the last five printed sheets remained in the hands of 
 leaves, printed by Mr. W. Nicol, in 1836. the printer until 1863, when they were 
 The author dying while the last sheet purchased, together with all the plates, 
 VOL. II. O 
 
9 8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 which had been put aside in a lumber- 
 room, and were not discovered till after 
 the lapse of a quarter of a century, by 
 Mr. Lilly, the bookseller. The corrected 
 last sheet was reprinted, and the whole of 
 the introductory matter added. The work 
 contains an account of researches prose- 
 cuted with a view to ascertain if possible 
 whether the claims of Holland to the 
 honour of the invention of printing are 
 valid, and the writer concludes, to his 
 own entire satisfaction, that they really 
 are. In this he is endorsed by the writer 
 of the Introduction. The contents in- 
 clude testimonies in favour of the pre- 
 
 tensions of Holland, a review of the con- 
 troversy, the early use of wood-engraving 
 in Europe, the block-books, and the 
 “ Speculum,” with remarks on the cos- 
 tume of the figures, the probable age of 
 the cuts, and Dr. Meyrick’s opinion, 
 founded on the style of the armour. 
 Although many of the conclusions of the 
 author have been invalidated by later 
 discoveries, there is a great deal worth 
 reading in the volume. The remarks on 
 the armour of the figures in the early 
 block-books, as a test of date, are very 
 suggestive . — See Berjeau. 
 
 Ottley (William Young), F.S.A. A Collection of One hundred 
 and twenty-nine Facsimiles of Scarce and Curious Prints by the 
 Early Masters of the Italian, German, and Flemish Schools ; 
 illustrative of the History of Engraving from the invention of the 
 Art, by Maso Finiguerra, in the middle of the Fifteenth Century : 
 with introductory remarks, and a Catalogue of the Plates. Lon- 
 don : 1828. 4to. 2 leaves, pp. xxxvi., xxv., engraved title, and 
 129 plates. 
 
 This beautiful work may fairly be stated 
 to be unpublished, as very few copies 
 were ever distributed, and these chiefly 
 as presents to the friends of Mr. Ottley. 
 The volume forms an appropriate supple- 
 ment to the “ History of Engraving,” 
 with which it is uniform in size, typo- 
 graphy, &c. The large paper copies 
 
 have the facsimiles of the Nielli printed 
 on silver in exact imitation of the very 
 valuable originals, a duplicate being given 
 on India paper. The plates of this hand- 
 some volume have been since printed in 
 an inferior manner, bearing no compari- 
 son to the beauty of the original work. 
 
 Oudin (Casimir). Dissertatio de primis artis typographies inven- 
 toribus, 1722. [In Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographical’ tom. ii., 
 pp. 872 el seq .] 
 
 Oudry (Ch.). Les machines typographiques a l’Exposition Universelle 
 de 1878. Compte rendu. Toulouse : 1878. 8vo. pp. 5. 
 
 Overall (William Henry). The Dictionary of Chronology, or His- 
 torical and Statistical Register. London : 1870. 8vo. pp. 924. 
 
 At p. 684 are given the annals of Print- 499 ; Paper, p. 635 ; Engraving, p. 269. 
 ing ; and on pp. 685 et seq. a very com- The author is Librarian of the City of 
 pact tabular list of the earliest printed London Library, at the Guildhall, and 
 works, giving their dates, their titles, and catalogued the books lent by the Corpora- 
 the names of the first printers, drawn up tion to the Caxton Exhibition. It is hoped 
 in chronological order. Other headings that in a new edition of the work he will 
 in the work are— Stereotype, p. 807 ; revise his account of early printing as 
 Type-founding, p. 858 ; Lithography, p. given on pp. 684, seq. 
 
 Overend (Campbell). The Noble Printer and his Adopted 
 Daughter : a tale of the first printed Bible. Translated from the 
 German, with additions. Edinburgh : 186 — . i2mo. 
 
 A poor novel, founded on an incorrect version of the history of the invention of 
 printing. 
 
 Oxford. A Specimen of the several sorts of Letter given to the 
 University by Dr. John Fell, sometime Lord Bishop of Oxford. 
 To which is added the Letter given by Mr. F. Junius. Oxford : 
 1693. 4to. Engraved frontispiece— arms of Oxford ; title, 20 
 
99 
 
 Bibliography op Printing. 
 
 leaves of specimens, printed on one side, and “ An Account of 
 the Matrices, Puncheons, &c., given by Bishop Fell to the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford.” pp. 3. 
 
 Oxford. A Specimen of Several Sorts of Printing Types belonging to 
 the University of Oxford, at the Clarendon Printing House. 
 Together with a specimen of the Gothic, Runic, Icelandic, and 
 Saxon characters, with Roman, Italick, and Black, given to the 
 University of Oxford by Mr. Francis Junius, about the year 1677. 
 Oxford : 1768. 8vo. 
 
 A Specimen of the Several Sorts of Printing Types belonging 
 
 to the University of Oxford, at the Clarendon Printing House. 
 Oxford: 1786. 8vo. pp. 36. 
 
 ARMS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 
 
 Oxford, Printing at. 
 
 The proto-typographer of Oxford was, 
 it is generally admitted, Theodoric 
 Rood, of Cologne, who was both the 
 earliest and the most important of Cax- 
 ton’s contemporaries. 
 
 Cotton, in his “ Typographical Gazet- 
 teer,” has enumerated the books printed 
 at the first Oxford presses, as far 
 as he knew of them, but subsequent 
 finds have added to the number. Re- 
 sponding to our request for his valuable 
 assistance in this matter, Mr. J. H. 
 
 Hessels, of Cambridge, writes us : — I give 
 merely a list, drawn up by Mr. Bradshaw, 
 of what is at present known to exist, 
 hoping that he will soon give us further 
 particulars : — 
 
 First Press (no printer mentioned, but 
 perhaps Theodoricus Rood, of Cologne). 
 
 1. Exposicio S. Jeronimi in Simbolo 
 Apostolorum. 1468. [1478.] 4to. 
 (Copies in the Brit. Mus. ; Cam- 
 bridge ; Oxford, &c.) 
 
100 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2. Aristotelis Ethica. 1479. 4to. 
 
 (Copies in the Brit. Mus. ; Oxford ; 
 Norwich, &c.) 
 
 3. Aegidius Romanus de Peccato origi- 
 
 nali. 1479. 4to. 
 
 (A copy in the Bodleian Library.) 
 
 Second Press (Theodoricus Rood, of 
 Cologne). 
 
 4. Alexander de Ales in libros Aristotelis 
 
 de Anima. 1481. Fol. 
 
 (Copies in the Brit. Mus. ; Cam- 
 bridge ; Oxford, &c.) 
 
 5. Jo. Latteburius in Threnos Jeremiae. 
 
 1482. Fol. 
 
 (Copies at Cambridge, Oxford, &c.) 
 
 6. Latin Grammar. (1481-82.) 4to. 
 
 (Two leaves in the Brit. Mus.) 
 (Theodoricus Rood, of Cologne, and 
 Thomas Hunte.) 
 
 7. Anwykyll Compendium Grammatiae, 
 
 with Vulgaria, ed. 1. (1483.) 4to. 
 
 (Fragments in the Bodleian Li- 
 brary and the University Library, 
 Cambridge.) 
 
 8. Lyndewode Provinciate. (1483-85.) 
 
 Large fol. 
 
 (Copies in Brit. Mus. ; Cam- 
 bridge ; Oxford, &c.) 
 
 9. Hampole Explanatt. Super lectiones 
 
 b. Job, &c. Augustini Sermo de 
 Misericordia. (1483-85.) 410. 
 
 (Three copies in the Cambridge 
 Library.) 
 
 10. Compendium Gramm., ed. 2. 1483- 
 85.) 4to. 
 
 (Two leaves in the Cambridge 
 Library ; two leaves in the library 
 of Corpus Christi College, Cam- 
 bridge.) 
 
 11. Swyneshed’s Insolubilia. 1483-85. 
 4to. 
 
 (A copy in New College, Oxford ; 
 4 leaves in Lambeth Library ; one 
 leaf in Trinity College Library, 
 Cambridge.) 
 
 12. Phalaridis Epistolae. 1485. 4to. 
 
 (Copies in the Bodleian Library, 
 and Wadham College, Oxford.) 
 
 13. Textus Alexandri cu Sent. 1483-86. 
 4to. 
 
 (Two leaves in the Library of St. 
 John’s College, Cambridge.) 
 
 14. Liber Festialis. i486. Folio. 
 
 (Copies in the Bodleian Library, 
 Oxford.) 
 
 The history of printing at Oxford, like 
 that of printing in Holland, commences 
 with a legend that has repeatedly been 
 refuted, but cannot yet be said to be 
 extinct. 
 
 The book which has been described 
 as the first printed at Oxford is a 
 small quarto tract, with the colophon 
 “Explicit exposicio Sancti Jeronimi in 
 Simbolo Apostolorum ad papam Lauren- 
 cium Impressa Oxonie Et finita Anno 
 domini. M.cccc.lxviij., xvii. die decem- 
 bris.” Now, if this date, 1468, is to be 
 accepted, this book was not only the 
 first printed in Oxford, but the first in 
 England, for the 18th day of Novem- 
 ber, 1477, is the date assigned to the first 
 book printed in this country by William 
 Caxton. (See Caxton.) 
 
 About the year 1664 the Oxford book 
 was made the foundation of a curious 
 theory— not to say fraud. One Richard 
 Atkyns (q. v.), desiring to obtain for him- 
 self a licence for printing, published a 
 pamphlet, entitled “The Original and 
 Growth of Printing in England, collected 
 out of history and the Records of this 
 kingdom ; whereiu is also demonstrated 
 that printing appertaineth to the pre- 
 rogative royal, and is a flower of the 
 Crown of England.” He referred to the 
 existence of the book dated 1468, and 
 pretended to find a manuscript among 
 the records at Lambeth House (now 
 Lambeth Palace) purporting to show that 
 Archbishop Bourchier induced Henry 
 VI. to bring over some of the workmen 
 from Haarlem, where John Gutenberg 
 had invented the art of printing. One 
 of these workmen, Frederick Corsellis, 
 came to England, and was placed by the 
 Archbishop at Oxford, where he worked 
 “ ten years before there was any printing 
 in Europe, except at Haarlem and 
 Mentz.” The conclusion he drew from 
 this was, that printing was a part of the 
 royal prerogative, and the king could 
 therefore license whomsoever he liked to 
 carry on the art. Atkyns then pleads 
 certain political services he had done for 
 the king, and prays that he may be en- 
 trusted with a royal patent as sole printer. 
 
 This tract gave rise to much discus- 
 sion, and a lawsuit afterwards took 
 place, in which the claims had to be 
 thoroughly sifted. It was unfortunate 
 for Atkyns that he confused Haarlem 
 with Mayence, and Gutenberg with 
 Koster. It was at once proved that 
 Gutenberg never printed at Haarlem ; 
 but the adherents of the Koster theory 
 seized on Atkyns’s alleged discovery that 
 printing was first practised in Holland, 
 one of the firmest adherents of that 
 theory being the antiquary, Meerman. 
 The latter wrote to Dr. Ducarel, then 
 librarian of Lambeth Palace, concerning 
 the manuscript which Atkyns declared 
 he had discovered. A thorough search 
 
Bibliography 
 
 was made, all the archives were care- 
 fully examined, and it was proved con- 
 clusively that no such record existed. 
 Dr. Ducarel then investigated the other 
 allegations of Atkyns, and found that 
 they were utterly opposed to all the 
 facts procurable. (See Ducarel and 
 Lambeth Library.) The learned doc- 
 tor's letter to Meerman, embodying the 
 results of his examination, was printed 
 as a supplement to Bowyer’s “ Origin of 
 Printing.” (6V*? Bowyer.) The explana- 
 tion of the date in the “ Exposicio ” book 
 is, that a Roman numeral, an x, was 
 accidentally omitted in the date, a not 
 uncommon error in early-printed books ; 
 indeed, the year 1479 of the other two 
 Oxford books, printed in the same type, 
 makes it clear that 1478 must be the 
 true date of the “ Exposicio.” Corsellis 
 is, in fact, a mythical personage, like 
 Koster, and the honour of introducing 
 the benefits of printing into England has 
 long been ascribed to William Caxton. 
 ( See Caxton.) 
 
 No works are known to have 
 issued from this Press later than the 
 year i486. Dr. Cotton found in the 
 Library of Trinity College, Dublin, a 
 small broadside on vellum, containing 
 the proclamation of a Papal Indulgence 
 of the year 1489. This document he 
 believed to have been printed in Oxford, 
 partly from the close similarity of the 
 type, and partly because Johannes de 
 Gigliis or de Liliis, under whose name 
 the proclamation was issued, was at 
 the time a member of the University. 
 (Antony a Wood, A finals of Oxford, sub 
 anno 1490.) But Mr. Hessels informs 
 us Mr. Bradshaw has ascertained that 
 the type of the Indulgence is different 
 from any of the Oxford types, and the 
 document was most likely printed by 
 Caxton, though we know as yet of no 
 other production of Caxton's press in this 
 type. A copy of this and of another edi- 
 tion of this Indulgence in the same type 
 are preserved in the British Museum, 
 where they have accidentally been 
 ascribed to Caxton. 
 
 Thomas Hunte, “ Anglicus,” who was 
 in partnership with Rood, styles himself 
 “ Stationarius Universitatis Oxon.” 
 With the exception of Hunte, the early 
 Oxford printers, Theodoric Rood and 
 John Scolar, were foreigners “quibus 
 permissa est ab Universitate potestas 
 jus et privilegium artem typographicam 
 exercendi vel apud se retinendi vel aliis 
 communicandi. ” (Antony a Wood, 
 Hist. Univ. Oxon., p. 228.) 
 
 From i486 we know of no book printed 
 at Oxford till 1517 ; and after 1519 there 
 
 of Printing . i o i 
 
 is a blank until the 23rd year of Eliza- 
 beth, when by a decree of the Star 
 Chamber the University was allowed to 
 set up one typographical press for print- 
 ing books, without any limitation as to 
 the books themselves. [See Parlia- 
 mentary Papers.) It is said that the 
 contemporaneous cessation of printing 
 in Oxford, Cambridge, York, Canterbury, 
 and elsewhere, was due originally to the. 
 interference of Cardinal Wolsey. 
 
 Some years later, one Joseph Barnes, 
 patronised by Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 
 and aided by a grant of ;£ioo from the 
 University, set up a new press in Oxford. 
 The date of his first book is 1585, and on 
 the title-page he styles himself “ Printer 
 to the University.” In the next year 
 the first Delegates of the Press were ap- 
 pointed by Convocation, and they went 
 to work with such energy that in the 
 course of two years some twenty books 
 issued from the Oxford Press ; one of 
 which, “Some Homilies of St. Chrj^sos- 
 tom,” is said to have been the first Greek 
 book printed at the University. Barnes 
 was printer to the University for more 
 than forty years, until his death in 1627. 
 
 Before that date a controversy had 
 arisen between Cambridge University 
 and the Printers and Stationers of Lon- 
 don, touching the right of the former 
 to print certain books (Bibles, Prayer- 
 books, Psalms, Psalters, primers, books 
 pf common law, and Lillie’s Grammar - ), 
 in which the Stationers claimed a 
 monopoly. The result of the contro- 
 versy was that by two Orders in Council, 
 dated Dec. 10, 1625, and April 16, 1629, 
 the Cambridge privileges were recognised 
 to a great extent. Oxford, however, re- 
 mained without a grant by charter of 
 similar privileges until, in 1632, Laud 
 obtained a charter like that of the sister 
 university. In a letter to the Convoca- 
 tion, dated March 22, 1632, he has re- 
 corded his motives — “ The one, that you 
 m'ght enjoye this priviledge for learning 
 equally with Cambridge : And the other, 
 that having many excellent manuscripts 
 in your Librarie, you might in time bee 
 encouraged to publish some of them in 
 Print, to the great Honor of that Place, 
 this Church, and Kingdome.” The 
 charter of 1632 was confirmed and ex- 
 tended by one dated March 3, 1635, and 
 by an Order of Council on March 9. In 
 the next year the University leased to 
 the Stationers their right of printing 
 privileged books for a term of three 
 years, at" an annual rent of ^200. A 
 week after the Articles of Agreement 
 had been signed Laud writes to the Vice- 
 Chancellor — “ I require this of you and 
 
102 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 your successors, that this money, which 
 you yearly receive, may lie kept safe as a 
 stock apart, and put to no other use than 
 the settling of a Learned Press.” 
 
 The printing of Bibles and other pri- 
 vileged books was carried on for some 
 time as an independent business by 
 various lessees, as the London Stationers, 
 Leonard Lichfield and Henry Hall 
 (1650); Mr. Hills and Mr. Field (1660) ; 
 Jno. Williams, Jno. Baskett, and Sami. 
 
 privilege of printing “all and all manner 
 of bookes, Bibles, Testaments, Psalters, 
 Almanacks, Lillie’s Grammars and all 
 other School-Bookes ; and all other 
 Bookes, Charts, Pourtraitures and things, 
 in what letters and volumes and to what 
 number they shall thinke meet.” During 
 their administration it is evident that the 
 Learned and Bible Presses were united ; 
 but with this exception, the separation of 
 the businesses was complete until 1732, 
 
 Ashurst (1711). It seems that the print- 
 ing of Bibles was not even carried on in 
 Oxford, at least regularly, except during 
 the management of the Press by Sir 
 Leoline Jenkins, Principal of Jesus Col- 
 lege ; T. Yate, D.D., Principal of Brase- 
 nose College; John Fell, D.D., Dean of 
 Christ Church; and the Rt. Hon. Sir 
 Joseph Williamson, Kt., Fellow of 
 Queen's College. These gemiemen, in 
 1671, became lessees of the University 
 
 when Jno. Baskett, Sami. Ashurst, and 
 Robt. Gosling, were granted a lease of 
 the University privilege, including a 
 clause that they should have the use of 
 half the Printing House on paying their 
 proportion of the parish rates. From 
 the year 1764 the printing of Bibles, & c., 
 as well as of other works, has been done 
 wholly in Oxford, and the Bible Press, as 
 well as “the Learned Press,” has been 
 under the supervision of the Delegates. 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 03 
 
 The lease of half the Printing House, 
 granted in that year to Mr. Mark Bas- 
 kett, contains clauses to the effect that 
 the paper, print, &c., of all Bibles, and 
 such books, must be approved by the 
 Delegates, and that each title-page 
 should bear the imprint “Printed at 
 Oxford, by the University Printer.” 
 Particulars concerning some of these 
 licences will be found s. v . King’s 
 Printers. The subject of Bible-printing 
 at Oxford is also referred to in Mr. 
 Henry Stevens’s preface in the Caxton 
 Celebration Catalogue of 1877, and in 
 his separate work, “Our English Bible.” 
 ( See Stevens.) The management of the 
 Learned Press has always been under 
 the direct control of the University. An 
 
 ceeded by Mr. Christopher-Wa.se. The 
 office has now fallen into disuse. 
 
 Amongst other benefits which Laud 
 conferred on the University Press 
 should be mentioned the gift of Sir 
 Henry Savile’s Greek type. Nor were 
 others slow in following the example of 
 the Chancellor. In the store-room of the 
 IPress there are still the matrices of some 
 twenty different founts of type — Roman 
 and Greek, Coptic, Syriac, and Sama- 
 ritan-presented by Dr. John Fell, Dean 
 of Christ Church, and Vice-Chancellor, 
 A.D. 1666, afterwards Bishop Fell. 
 Many of these matrices were exhibited at 
 the Caxton Celebration Exhibition (g. v.). 
 The specimen-book referred to supra, 
 was printed from types cast in these 
 
 CLARENDON BUILDING. 
 
 officer, called the “ Architypographus,” 
 was early entrusted with the duty of see- 
 ing to the excellence of the paper, print- 
 ing, binding, &c. , as well as to the literal 
 correctness of all books issued by the 
 Learned Press. This architypographus, 
 who was to be “in literis Graecis Lati- 
 nisque probe instructus et in studiis philo- 
 logicis versatissimus,” held, in combina- 
 tion with his post at the Press, the office of 
 Superior Law Bedell. Among the early 
 architypographi were Mr. Cartwright 
 (1637X Mr. Clarke, of Merton College 
 (1649), and Norton Bold, M.A., Fellow 
 of Corpus Christi College (1669). The 
 last named was in 1671 translated for 
 incompetence to the office of Superior 
 Bedell in Theology (!), and was suc- 
 
 matrices ; the only relics at all ap- 
 proaching them in antiquity being the 
 punches cut by William Caslon I. in 1720. 
 
 Ihe gift of Dr. Fell included punches 
 and matrices, Roman and Italic, of 3-line 
 pica, containing in the italic, beside the 
 usual double letters, matrices for casting 
 in one piece et, sh, st, si, and other com- 
 binations _ and ligatures; punches and 
 matrices in brass of 4-line pica, Roman 
 and Greek capitals ; pica Roman and 
 Italic matrices ; double pica Greek 
 matrices, containing, beside the ordinary 
 Greek characters, small capitals and 118 
 ligatures ; English black matrices ; Cop- 
 tic matrices; Hebrew, Sclavonic, and 
 Syriac matrices and punches. 
 
 Dr. Fell, the donor of these punches 
 
104 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 and matrices, was the subject of the 
 well-known rhyme : — 
 
 “ I do not love thee, Dr. Fell, 
 
 The reason why I cannot tell ; 
 
 But this alone I know full well, 
 
 I do not love thee, Dr. Fell.” 
 
 In 1676, Francis Junius, librarian to 
 the Earl of Arundel, presented to the 
 University his valuable matrices of the 
 Gothic, Runic, Icelandic, and Anglo- 
 Saxon characters. These also, as well 
 as the Saxon matrices and punches pre- 
 sented in 1753 by Elizabeth Elstob, are 
 still preserved at the Press. About the 
 year 1760 the University purchased from 
 Baskerville (q. v.) a number of great 
 primer Greek punches, and these are 
 still preserved, forming the only relics 
 in England of the celebrated Birming- 
 
 where it remained until 1830. This 
 building • derived its name from Lord 
 Chancellor Clarendon, the cost having 
 been partly defrayed from the profits of 
 the sale of his “History of the Rebellion.” 
 The sum of .£1,000 was also contributed 
 towards the expense of the new Printing 
 House, by the then lessees of the Bible 
 Press — Jno. Williams, Jno. Baskett, and 
 Sami. Ashurst. In 1830 the business had 
 outgrown the limits of the Broad Street 
 House, and the Press was transferred to 
 the present spacious building, which was 
 begun in 1825, from a design by Mr. 
 D. Robertson, and finished under the 
 superintendence of Mr. Blore, architect. 
 ( See Latham.) 
 
 The Press is supplied with paper from 
 a large paper-mill belonging to the 
 University at Wolvercote, near God- 
 
 FRONT VIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD 
 
 ham foundry. A sum of £ 100 was 
 presented to the University by Lord 
 Rolle, in the last century, as a lend- 
 ing fund, from which to assist poor 
 authors in carrying on their researches'; 
 and this sum was afterwards increased 
 by a legacy of £200, left by Dr. Hodges 
 for the same purpose. In 1785 Lord 
 Godolphin bequeathed to the University 
 .£5,000, the interest of which was to be 
 applied “ for the benefit of printing and 
 the encouragement of learning.” 
 
 The work of Printing was carried on at 
 first in hired premises ; then, in 1652, it 
 was transported to the Old House of Con- 
 gregation, by St. Mary’s Church. From 
 1669 the printing-presses were worked in 
 a room under the Sheldonian Theatre, 
 which was built in that year. Thence 
 the Press was removed, in 1713, to the 
 Clarendon building, in Broad Street, 
 
 stow. So extended a business placed at 
 a distance from London necessitates the 
 addition of several subordinate trades ; 
 and type-founding, ink-making, roller- 
 making, stereotyping, and electrotyping, 
 are all carried on upon the premises. 
 Books printed at the Clarendon Press 
 are bound at the University’s Binding 
 House, in Aldersgate Street, London. 
 
 The printing of Oriental languages is a 
 speciality of this Press, and the staff" of 
 skilled compositors who can set up San- 
 skrit, Syriac, Hebrew, Arabic, and 
 Chinese, would satisfy the requirements 
 even of its patron, Archbishop Laud. 
 
 The medallion we give is a reproduction 
 of the woodcut in Dibdin’s “ Biblio- 
 mania,” taken from a print of a medal in 
 the “ Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum 
 Anglise,” 1697, containing the profile of 
 Thomas Bodley, the venerable founder 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 io 5 
 
 of the Bodleian Library at Oxford. No 
 printer who takes any interest in the 
 antiquities of his calling can fail to regard 
 with pride the noble collection of books 
 in that library, or to remember with 
 gratitude and reverence its founder. In 
 Dibdin’s “ Bibliomania ” (new edition, 
 1876, 8vo. pp. 270 et seq.), there is an in- 
 teresting account of this remarkable man, 
 and of the origin of the library .named 
 after him. He found the Oxford Library 
 “ ruinate and waste,” and determined to 
 
 know, is apparent by the room itself 
 remaining, I will take the charge and 
 cost upon me to reduce it again to its 
 former use, and to make it fit and hand- 
 some, with seats, and shelves, and desks, 
 and all that may be needful to stir up 
 other men’s benevolence to help to fur- 
 nish it with books.” He then promises 
 to make a beginning “ as soon as timber 
 can be gotten,” and to provide “ a stand- 
 ing annual rent to be disbursed every 
 year in buying of books, in officers’ 
 
 THOMAS BODLEY. 
 
 consecrate it for ever to the use of 
 students. In a letter written in the year 
 1597 he expressed his desire to the Con- 
 vocation of the University. “ I have 
 always,” he says, “been of a mind that 
 if God, in his goodness, should make 
 me able to do anything for the benefit of 
 posterity I would show some token of 
 affection that I have evermore borne to 
 
 the studies of good learning 
 
 Where there hath been heretofore a 
 public library in Oxford, which, you 
 
 stipends, and other pertinent occasions.” 
 In the Easter following Bodley went to 
 Oxford to view the place on which he 
 intended bestowing his bounty, and gave 
 the necessary directions for replanking 
 the room and setting up the book-presses. 
 There were, however, at first, other 
 donors of books as well, and of these a 
 list is given in the “Bibliomania” above 
 referred to, besides several of the letters 
 which passed between the University 
 authorities and Bodley. 
 
 Oxford. — See Bagford (John) ; Friendly Advice ; Gutch (John), 
 in Supplement ; Latham (Henry), Prideaux (Humphrey), &c. 
 Oxonides. On the alleged Introduction of Printing into England 
 by F. Corsellis. An article in the London Weekly Miscellany , 
 April 26th, 1735. 
 
 This article is constantly quoted by writers on the controversy as to who was the 
 proto-typographer of Great Britain. It was replied to by Meerman and others, 
 and is referred to in Dibdin’s “ Decameron.” (See supra, Oxford, Printing at.) 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 P 
 
ABST (W.),— See Engelmann (G.). 
 
 Paeile (Ch.). Essai historique et critique 
 sur l’invention de l’Imprimerie. Paris 
 [Lille printed] : 1859. 8vo- pp. 286. 
 With a fac-simile. 
 
 The “ Essai historique et critique ” was originally 
 published in the “Catalogue de la Bibliotheque 
 delaVillede Lille.” (Lille: 1849.) 8vo. The author 
 was a voluminous writer on bibliographical subjects, 
 and Librarian and Keeper of the Archives of the 
 city of Lille. He favours the claims of Haarlem as 
 the birthplace of Printing. 
 
 Kritiesch Onderzoek naar de uit- 
 
 vinding der Boekdrukkunst, oorspronkelijk in het Fransch bewerkt 
 door J. H. Rutjes. Amsterdam: 1867. 8vo. PP* xx * 267. 
 
 Baffxoed (Albert). 
 
 Deventer, anciently called Daventria 
 and Deventorium, is a town .in Holland, 
 situated on the frohtier of Guelders and 
 Over-Yssel. It was formerly a Han- 
 seatic town and a bishop’s see. Like 
 Antwerp, it was styled by one of 
 its printers “ Mercuriale Oppidum.” 
 Printing was introduced here, in 1477, 
 by a German from Cologne, a pupil 
 of Ulric Zell or Ter Hoernen : he 
 
 was named Richard Paffroed, and will 
 always occupy a high place in the annals 
 of typography on account of the large 
 number of works he produced and their 
 great mechanical excellence of execution. 
 Indeed, he is regarded by many biblio- 
 graphers as the most eminent printer in 
 Holland in the fifteenth century ; his 
 connection with the bishop’s college 
 
 giving him advantages which were not 
 enjoyed by his contemporaries. The 
 book “ Cypriani Epistolae,” which was 
 issued without the name of the printer, 
 the place or date of publication, ap- 
 peared in 1477. The “Reductorium Mo- 
 rale,” of P. Bertorius, is the first book 
 with an imprint containing the name of 
 the printer. It is dated 1477* and it, 
 as well as the preceding, is in folio, the 
 paper especially being of a very beau- 
 tiful description. Both books are in 
 type resembling that of Ulric Zell, and 
 their general execution gives a most 
 favourable idea of the excellence to 
 which Richard Paffroed had attained in 
 his art. In 1479 he employed a new kind 
 of type, also engraved on the model of 
 those of Ulric Zell. He continued to use 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 these two founts till 1485, after which 
 year he apparently suspended his work, 
 for we have no record of any books 
 of his dated during the years i486 
 and 1487. Many researches have been 
 set on foot with a view to explain this 
 hiatus. It has been conjectured that the 
 plague, which is known to have ravaged 
 the district at that time, might have sus- 
 pended the working of his press. On 
 
 107 
 
 so well established. Then it has been 
 thought that Richard Paffroed died in 
 the year 1485, and that the Richard 
 Paffroed whose name appears on books 
 after 1487 was another man altogether. 
 This hypothesis proceeds on the ground 
 of theie being a son of the same name, 
 and if it be acquiesced in, the matter is 
 readily explained. It is true we are 
 altogether ignorant of the date of his 
 
 DEVENTER : 1477-1530 (?). 
 
 the other hand, it is found that during 
 the disastrous year 1483, when a similar 
 incident occurred, his labours were not 
 stopped. Some bibliographers have at- 
 tributed the circumstance to the arrival 
 at Deventer of another printer, Jacques 
 de Breda, but it is hardly likely that the 
 mere advent of a rival would have im- 
 mediately suppressed one who bad been 
 
 death. If this conjecture be correct 
 we have R. Paffroed from 1477 to 1485 ; 
 R. Paffroedj 1488 to 1511 ; and the 
 youngest son, Albertus Paffroed, 1512 
 to 1530. Either way, Paffroed, father 
 or son, began again in 1488, for on the 
 9th of August of that year he published 
 a ‘ ‘ Doctrinale ” of Alexander Gall us. I n 
 the printing of the latter he employed 
 
io8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ten kinds of types, all of which were new. Pafrat, &c. He lived, as the imprint ot 
 Many of his editions were ornamented one of his books says, “in Platea Epi- 
 with vignettes, but rarely with plates, scopi,” that is, in the Kue de l’feveque. 
 The name itselfof the printer was spelled The mark given on the previous page 
 in no less than thirty different ways, consists of two lions rampant, sustaining 
 among them -Paffroet, Paefroed, Pae- a shield on which are inscribed the 
 frod, Pafroedt, Pafroed, Paffroed, Pafraet, letters A. P. 
 
 Page (Wm. H.) & Co. Specimens of Chromatic Wood Type- 
 Borders, &c., manufactured by William H. Page & Co. Green- 
 ville, Connecticut : 1874. Folio. 
 
 Specimens of Wood Type, Borders, Rules, &c., manufactured 
 
 by W. H. Page & Co., Greenville, Connecticut. 175 leaves. 
 
 This establishment, now the property of a limited liability company, is one of the 
 largest in the world devoted to the production of wood type. 
 
 [Paitoni (Giacopo Maria)]. Venezia, la prima citta, fuori della 
 Germania, dove si esercito l’arte della stampa. Dissertazione 
 dedicata a S. E. il signor Marco P'oscarini, ecc. Venezia : 1762. 
 8vo. 
 
 A second edition, revised and corrected, was printed in 1772, with the author’s 
 name on the title-page. 
 
 Paitoni (Jacopo Maria). — See Paitoni (Giacopo Maria). 
 
 Palfrey (J. G. ). The First Printing Press at Cambridge (Mass.). 
 In North A merican Review , vol. xxxix. , p. 280. 
 
 Palier (Hendrik). lets over het geslacht der Palier’s. ’sHertogen- 
 bosch : 1848. Royal 8vo. Portrait. 
 
 The family of Palier have been printers for many generations ; one was a 
 printer at Mentz in 1542, and in 1690 the family removed to Hertogenbosch. The 
 author of the above pamphlet died at Bois-le-Duc in 1853. 
 
 Pallhausen (Vincenz von). Denkmal in Stereotypen den Manen 
 Gutenberg’s. [Miinchen] : 1805. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 In rhyme, upon the alleged discovery of stereotype by Pallhausen & Neuer, of 
 Munich. 
 
 Denkmal in Stereotypen, den Manen Gutenberg’s geweiht von 
 
 Vincenz von Pallhausen im Jahre 1805 und zur vierten Sacular- 
 feier der Buchdruckerkunst mit lithographirten Federzeichnungen 
 zu Johannis 1836 herausgegeben von Progel. Miinchen : 1836. 
 4to. pp. viii. and 16 pages printed from stereo plates, with 
 grotesque lithographic borders. 
 
 Palm (J. H. van der). Redevoering op het vierde eeuwfeest van de 
 uitvinding der boekdrukkunst binnen Haarlem, aldaar uitge- 
 sproken op den 10. Julij des jaars 1823. Haarlem : 1823. 8vo. 
 pp. viii. 29. 
 
 Palma di Borgofranco (Conte C.j. Cenni su G. B. Bodoni. 
 Saluzzo : 1872. 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 109 
 
 Palmer (Edward). Glyphography; or, Engraved Drawing, for printing 
 at the type-press after the manner of Woodcuts. Palmer’s patent. 
 
 London : 1843. 4to. 
 
 Glyphography, invented by Mr. Ed- 
 ward Palmer, is described as an elec- 
 trotype process by which a coat of copper 
 is deposited upon an engraved plate in 
 such a manner that a copy in metal can 
 be obtained with a raised surface, suited 
 to letter-press printing. 
 
 The inventor devised several improve- 
 ments in reproductive printing processes, 
 which have since been perfected and 
 practically carried out, although his own 
 share in the invention has been almost 
 forgotten. In 1841, Edward Palmer took 
 out a patent (No. 8,987) for improve- 
 ments in producing printing surfaces, 
 and printing china, pottery-ware, music, 
 maps, and portraits. He described (1) 
 a new method of obtaining printing 
 surfaces by drawing and printing on 
 metallic or conducting surfaces, or by 
 painting or drawing on other surfaces 
 
 made conducting after painting or draw- 
 ing thereon, in such manner as by the use 
 of the known process of electrotype or 
 electrography would obtain copper or 
 other metallic plates on other surfaces 
 with sunken surfaces, from which prints 
 may be taken, as from engraved copper 
 or steel plates or rollers. (2) A mode of 
 drawing or painting on metallic or con- 
 ducting surfaces so as to produce metallic 
 plates with raised surfaces from which 
 prints may be taken as from engraved 
 wood blocks or stereotype plates. Ini 842 
 he took out a patent (No. 9,227) for im- 
 provements in producing printing and 
 embossing surfaces. The first invention 
 is described in the “ Repertory of Acts,” 
 vol. xvii., p. 101, new series, and the 
 Mechanics' Magazine , vol. xxxvi., p. 28. 
 The second is described in the Londo?t 
 Journal, vol. xxii., p. 279. 
 
 Palmer (Samuel). The General History of Printing. To be published 
 monthly. Vol. i., No. 1 for March. London : printed by the 
 Author, and sold at his printing-house in Bartholomew Close ; 
 . also by J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane, and by most booksellers in 
 town and country. 1729. Price 2s. 6d. 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 The above is a transcript of the first 
 page of the sheet of title and contents, 
 issued as a kind of prospectus to Palmer’s 
 work. We encountered it in a copy 
 marked as though by an auctioneer’s 
 cataloguer “Ames’s copy,” and bearing 
 a pasted-down book-plate of Sir Peter 
 Thompson, F.R.S. The title corresponds 
 generally with that subsequently issued 
 with the complete volume, but the preface 
 as here written does not enter into nearly 
 so many particulars of the origin of the 
 work as it was afterwards deemed desir- 
 able to publish. The “ Contents of the 
 whole work” do not entirely represent 
 the historical matter as it was ultimately 
 completed. The idea seems to have been 
 developed while it was in course of reali- 
 sation. The most interesting difference 
 between the original plan and its final 
 execution lies in the fact that the Second 
 Part — that which was intended to treat 
 of the practical aspect of Printing —never 
 appeared, owing to circumstances we 
 have stated below. Fortunately, there- 
 fore, we have in the prospectus a record 
 of what Palmer proposed to do had his 
 life been spared. 
 
 The “ Practical Part of Printing, in 
 which the materials are fully described, 
 and all the manual operations explained,” 
 
 was to be divided under the following 
 heads : — 
 
 “ Book I. — Of Letter-founding, or 
 Casting printing letters. 
 
 A Specimen of the several sorts of let- 
 ters of the English founders. 
 
 Of the Foreign Founding-houses. 
 
 A description of all the Materials re- 
 lating to the Compositor s business ; the 
 names of the Sizes of printing letters in 
 England, Holland, France, Germany, 
 and Italy ; their Proportions to each 
 other, &c. 
 
 Instructions for performing the manual 
 operations of the Compositor’s Work. 
 
 Draughts or models for all manner of 
 Impositions, — from folio, quarto, &c., to 
 an hundred and twenty-eight pages in 
 one form. 
 
 Tables ready cast-up for folios, i.e., 
 the figures at the head of each page, for 
 all sized volumes, either in sheets or quires. 
 
 Book II. — Of Correcting ; the office of 
 a Corrector ; a list of the Marks made 
 use of in Correcting proof-sheets. 
 
 Instructions for gentlemen unacquainted 
 with the method of Preparing Copy for 
 the press. 
 
 Several methods of Casting-off copy ; 
 that is, the manner of computing how 
 
no 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 much any given quantity of manuscript, 
 or other copy, will make, on any sized 
 letter, and in any volume. 
 
 A discourse on Pointing ; its rise and 
 progress ; with rules for placing each 
 particular stop. 
 
 Alphabets of most languages ; a short 
 praxis of reading them ; models of the 
 several sorts of Cases ; or, the manner in 
 which each letter lies in the boxes ; also 
 instructions for composing them, viz., 
 French, Italian, Spanish, Welch, Irish, 
 Saxon, Sclavonian, Gothic, Runic, Coptic, 
 Armenian, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Rab- 
 binic Hebrew, Chaldee, Samaritan, 
 Syriac, Arabic, Persic, Old Persic, 
 ACthiopic, &c. 
 
 Book III. — A description of the Parts 
 of a Printing-press, with the use of each 
 part, represented in very curious draughts 
 on copper-plates, drawn and engraved by 
 the best masters. 
 
 Of the other Materials made use of by 
 Pressmen, with instructions to make good 
 Presswork. 
 
 The manual operations of the Press- 
 men, through their several stages. 
 
 The true method of a commodious 
 Warehouse. 
 
 Of the Poles, Book-press, Peal, &c., 
 belonging to the warehouse. 
 
 The office of a Warehouse-keeper. 
 
 Of recovering damaged paper. 
 
 Of the nature, goodness, and sizes of 
 Printing Paper, wherein I shall incidently 
 touch upon the antiquity of this noble 
 manufacture. 
 
 A specimen of all the Sizes of Printing 
 Letters, with their respective names. ” 
 
 The “Advertisement” on the eighth 
 page is as follows : — “ The author 
 entreats the curious to communicate such 
 notices to him, as may be useful and 
 ornamental in this undertaking, and the 
 favour shall be gratefully acknowledged 
 in the work. N. B. — This sheet of Title 
 and Contents is not designed to be bound 
 with the work, but a new one shall be 
 given gratis at the conclusion of the first 
 volume. No. 2 is in great forwardness.” 
 
 Palmer (Samuel). The General History of Printing, from its first 
 invention in the City of Mentz to its first Progress and Propagation 
 thro’ the most celebrated cities in Europe. Particularly its introduc- 
 tion, rise, and progress, here in England. The Character of the 
 most celebrated Printers, from the first Inventors of the Art to 
 the years 1520 and 1550. With an account of their Works, 
 and of the most considerable improvements which they made 
 to it during that Interval. Printed by the Author, and sold 
 by his Widow at his late printing-house in Bartholomew Close ; 
 also by J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane, and by most booksellers in 
 town and country. 1732. 4to. Preface and contents, xii. ; 
 
 pp. 400. 
 
 The work is entirely historical and of 
 little value, being very inaccurate even 
 for the time in which it was written. 
 Had the author lived he intended to have 
 printed another volume upon the Me- 
 chanics of the Art, which, as he was a 
 practical man and an excellent printer, 
 would probably have been a worthy pro- 
 duction. Palmer died in 1732, when the 
 work was all but completed. It re- 
 ceived its finishing touches from George 
 Psalmanazar, who was generally credited 
 with a much larger share in the pro- 
 duction of the entire volume than its 
 nominal author. He died in 1763. 
 The last sheet in Book II. having 
 been kept back for some additions, 
 Psalmanazar wrote an “Address” to 
 fill up the last two pages, in which will 
 be found a short account of Palmer’s 
 death and other matters, signed “ G. P.” 
 Daunou speaks of it as “an esteemed 
 work, in which the author (a printer) was 
 
 assisted by that singular but learned 
 character George Psalmanazar. Palmer 
 considers Fust and Schoeffer as the in- 
 ventors of printing, and fixes the origin 
 of printing to the year 1440, and the in- 
 vention of types between the years 1440 
 and 1450.” Timperley (“ Encyc. Liter- 
 ary and Typo. Anecdote,” p. 647) gives 
 a complete history of this book. He 
 states that Palmer wanted to add 
 a second part of a practical nature, 
 treating of types, presses, &c. , which 
 he was well qualified to write, but 
 the proposal met with such opposition 
 from letter-founders, printers, and book- 
 binders, that it was abandoned. The 
 part already published embraced sub- 
 jects with which Palmer was not con- 
 versant, and he at first employed a 
 worthless fellow who wasted away the 
 time ; until three months before the book 
 was promised to be published no part of 
 the copy was prepared. He then applied 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 i 
 
 to Psalmannzar, who entered upon it 
 with vigour, and issued some portions of 
 the book, but had not proceeded far 
 when Palmer became bankrupt, and soon 
 after died. The Earl of Pembroke hear- 
 ing of the state of the case liberally 
 supplied money to complete the publica- 
 tion, and assisted the compiler with the 
 loan of books out of his own library. 
 We quote these statements without com- 
 mitting ourselves to their endorsement. 
 There is reason to believe that Palmer 
 actually wrote the second part of his 
 work, and the manuscript was purchased 
 by William Ames, who, however, did not 
 publish it. 
 
 In the copy bearing the plate of Sir 
 Peter Thompson, F.R.S., mentioned 
 at p. 109, there are numerous annotations 
 and marginal notes written in pen and 
 ink. Thus the blank leaves at the be- 
 ginning contain an extract from “John 
 Rastell’s Chronicle, intituled the Pastyme 
 of People, 35th year, Henry 6th, that is 
 1457,” to the effect that “ in this same 
 tyme the crafte of printynge began in a 
 citye of Almayne, named Magonce,” &c. 
 On the second leaf is a memorandum that 
 “ Doctor William Cuningham, in his book 
 intituled * The Cosmographical Glasse,’ 
 excusum Londini, ofificinae Joan. Daij, 
 Typography anno 1559, sais page 181, 
 Moguntia, Mentz, the bishoppes seat, at 
 this citie, was th’ art of Printing first 
 found by John Faustus, in the year of 
 Christ, our Saviour, 1453.” On the next 
 five pages have been copied a long extract 
 from Chauncy's “ History of Hertford- 
 shire,” pages 448 and 449, relative to 
 
 “ William Alban, born in this town, from 
 whence he derived his surname, was first 
 chosen deacon of this place, then raised 
 to be prior of this church, after that was 
 elected to the Pastoral staff on the last of 
 January, 1464, in whose time the art or 
 noble science of Printing was brought 
 into England,” &c. Then follows an 
 account of Caxton, betraying the inac- 
 curacies prevalent at the time. There 
 are annotations at the foot of some of the 
 pages which do not seem of importance. 
 At p. 135 of book iii., there is written, 
 “John Insomuch, a monk and school- 
 master of St. Alban’s, erected a printing- 
 press in the monastery of St. Alban’s.” 
 The blank leaves at the end contain an 
 extract from a book, with Sir P. Thomp- 
 son’s autograph, and the year 1734; so 
 that Ames could not have had this copy 
 in his possession long, even if he ever 
 possessed it at all. Ames’s “Typogra- 
 phical Antiquities ” was published in 
 1749, and he died in 1759; it is therefore 
 exceedingly improbable that this copy 
 would have passed out of his hands in 
 1734 or before, when the entry shows that 
 it belonged to Sir P. Thompson. Some 
 other leaves contain a manuscript list 
 of the “books printed by William Cax- 
 ton ” ; but, thanks to the researches of 
 Mr. William Blades, it is now obsolete. 
 This particular copy has been carelessly 
 collated, and while one sheet is duplicated, 
 another is omitted altogether and the 
 matter written out at the end. 
 
 An edition was issued in 1733 with the 
 following slightly-altered title, printed in 
 red and black : — 
 
 Palmer (Samuel), A General History of Printing, from tlie first in- 
 vention of it in the city of Mentz to its propagation and progress 
 thro’ most of the kingdoms of Europe ; particularly the introduction 
 and success of it here in England. With the characters of the most 
 celebrated printers, from the first inventors of this art to the years 
 1520 and 1550. Also an account of their works, and of the 
 considerable improvemenis which they made during that time. 
 Printed for A. Bettesworth, C. Hitch, and C. Davis, in Paternoster 
 Row. London : 1733. pp. xii. 400. 
 
 It is worthy of notice that some pages Earl of Pembroke, who had made some 
 
 after 312 begin a new pagination, being 
 121 to 144 ; then they are counted in, 
 and the pagination made continuous by 
 taking it up at p. 337. The fact of this 
 divergence is stated in George Psalman- 
 
 discoveries of importance to the work. 
 While waiting for this information, Mr. 
 Palmer, as is often done, Went on with 
 the rest of the book, and in order to give 
 space for the matter to come, he skipped 
 
 azar’s notice, headed “The Editor to 8pp. and commenced at sig. R 2. Psal- 
 the Reader,” and it is attributable to an manazar refers to Foxe, the compiler of 
 accident or oversight on the part of the the “Book -of Martyrs,” as an authority 
 compositor or of the author. Mr. Mar- on the origin of Printing. Subsequent 
 thens, of Pittsburg, Penn., suggests that researches have, however, shown that 
 the sheet in question was held over by Foxe’s references to the history of Print- 
 Palmer at the instance of his patron, the ing are inaccurate. 
 
I I 2 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Palmer (Samuel). Printing at Court. Gentleman' s Magazine , i. 79. 
 
 Among the “Domestic Occurrences” the cases to compose for the press a little 
 it is recorded that on Monday, February book of his own writing, called ‘The 
 15th, 1731, “a printing press find cases Laws of Dodge Hare.’ Thetwoyoung- 
 for composition were put up at St. est princesses likewise composed their 
 James’s House for their Majesties to see names, &c., under the direction of Mr. 
 the noble art of printing. His Royal S. Palmer, printer, in this city.” 
 Highness the Duke wrought at one of 
 
 Palm erin I (Nicolo). Opere d’intaglio del Cav. Rafifaello Morghen. 
 Firenze : 1824. 8vo. 
 
 Raphael Morghen, the celebrated da Vinci; “Aurora,” after Guido; the 
 Italian line engraver, was born at Naples several Holy Families of Raphael, &c. 
 in 1758, and died at Florence 8th April, Morghen has been termed the father of 
 1833. Among his most admired works the modern school of engraving, 
 are, the “ Last Supper,” after Leonardi 
 
 Pamphilius. — See [Aird (David)], in Supplement. 
 
 Panciroli (Guido). Rerum Memorabilium, jam olim deperdi- 
 tarum et contra recens atque ingeniose inventarum : libri duo a 
 Guidone Pancirollo ic. clariss. Ulustrati per Henricum Salmuth. 
 Ambergse : 1599-1602. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 This book, which went through several 
 editions, was intended to give a general 
 account of certain remarkable Inven- 
 tions and Discoveries. It is brought 
 within the range of this Bibliography 
 of Printing by the following circum- 
 stances : — Conrad Zeltner, a learned 
 printer of the seventeenth century, in 
 his “ Theatrum Virorum eruditorum,” 
 
 printed at Nuremberg in 1720, asserted 
 that in the early days of typography 
 it was customary to employ a reader, 
 or anagnostes , to dictate to the com- 
 positors, who therefore did not require 
 to see the copy. This statement has 
 been received with considerable in- 
 credulity by bibliographers, although it 
 seems quite feasible, and is strengthened 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 by two facts. First of all, Zeltner says 
 that in his case he preferred the method 
 of dictation, but had to abandon it 
 owing to the ignorance of the composi- 
 tors of his time. It is obvious that 
 educated compositors might be able to 
 produce tolerably “ clean ” matter under 
 such a system ; but if they lacked a 
 sufficient knowledge of orthography and 
 grammar the deficiency would inevi- 
 tably be exposed when their work was 
 “proved.” In the second place, it is 
 evident that variations in spelling and 
 punctuation are very apt to arise when 
 such a system is practised. Now in the 
 different copies of certain editions of 
 books printed about this time there are 
 variations which can only be accounted 
 for on the hypothesis that more than one 
 set of forms was composed for those 
 editions, and composed on a system 
 under which the compositor had his 
 copy given him, so to speak, by ear, 
 and not by eye : it was not put before 
 him in writing or in print, but was 
 dictated. 
 
 The controversy on this point con- 
 tinued until M. Madden, in his Fifth 
 Series of “ Lettres d’un Bibliographe ” 
 (Paris, 1878), q. 7 >., announced that he 
 hai discovered “a graphic proof” of the 
 existence of the anagnostes. This new 
 evidence consisted in a plate found in 
 one of the editions of Panciroli’s work 
 mentioned above, representing the in- 
 terior of a Frankfort printing-office in 
 the year 1660, as indicated by the Roman 
 numerals at the head. M. Madden 
 points out that in the background are 
 two compositors at work without copy 
 
 1 l 's 
 
 or copyholder [ visofium ], and explains 
 this by the presence in the right hand 
 top corner of a figure holding a manu- 
 script, which, M. Madden assumes, he 
 is reading aloud to the compositors. 
 
 In the review of M. Madden’s work, 
 in the Printing Times and Litho- 
 grapher (vol. iv. p. 22), it was, however, 
 suggested that this block, without such 
 confirmatory evidence as is supplied by 
 Zeltner’s book, would prove but little. 
 “It is quite possible that the omission 
 to represent the visorium was the fault 
 of an artist who was not sufficiently 
 careful in matters of detail, like the 
 artist who drew the first block for 
 ‘ Badius Ascensius,’ and the many who, 
 from that day to this, have depicted all 
 the boxes in a case as being of the same 
 size. The anachronisms in pictures, even 
 of our own day, giving an ‘ artistic’ con- 
 ception of Caxton’s printing-office, are 
 quite notorious.” It would seem, then, 
 that although the existence of the prac- 
 tice of dictation appears to be reasonable, 
 and very probable, the doubts that have 
 been entertained respecting it are not 
 entirely removed even by the discovery 
 of this “graphic proof,” which, through 
 the courtesy of M. Madden, we are 
 enabled to reproduce. The original— 
 or, at least, a copy of it — may be seen in 
 a Frankfort edition of Panciroli, to be 
 found in the British Museum. Mr. J. H. 
 Hessels devoted some attention to the 
 subject in preparing his essay on Guten- 
 berg, and also doubts whether the en- 
 graving proves the existence of a 
 reader, at least in the sense Madden 
 attaches to it. 
 
 Panciroli (Guido), The History of many memorable things Lost, 
 which were in use among the Ancients. And an Account of many 
 excellent things Found, now in use among the Modems — both 
 natural and artificial. Written originally in Latin, by G. Pan- 
 cirollus, and now done into English .... with a new Com- 
 mentary from Salmuth’s .... Annotations. 2 vols. London : 
 
 1715. i2mo. pp. xiv. 452, and an index of 12 pages. 
 
 Another edition. London: 1727. 2 vols. i2mo. pp. 452. 
 
 A translation of the preceding work, and the first books printed in each city 
 with additions from the works of Bishop before the year 1500. It extends to 
 Sprat, Boyle, and others. There is a 12 pages ; chapter xiii. is on “ Paper,” 
 supplement to chapter xii., “Of Print- and extended to 15 pages, 
 ing,” showing the time of its beginning, 
 
 Pangkofer (Joseph Anselm) und Schuegraf (Joseph Rudolph). 
 Geschichte der Buchdruckkunst in Regensburg. Regensburg : 
 1840. 8vo. pp. viii. 56. With two litho plates. 
 
 VOL. II. q 
 
1 14 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Panizzi (Sir Anthony). Chi era Francesco da Bologna? Londra : 
 
 1858. i6mo. Seconda edizione con nuova appendice. Londra : 
 
 1873. Small 8vo. pp. 58. 
 
 Of the first edition 250 copies were 
 privately printed ; the second edition 
 (1873) was also privately printed. The 
 British Museum copy is one of twelve 
 on fine paper. Panizzi, whose connec- 
 tion with the British Museum forms 
 a part of the literary history of the 
 present century, was of opinion that 
 Francesco da Bologna was the inventor 
 of the Aldine character. A memoir of 
 Sir A. Panizzi is found in the work by 
 Mr. R. Cowtan, entitled “A Biographical 
 Sketch of Sir Anthony Panizzi .” — See 
 Fagan (Louis) in Supplement. The Life 
 of Sir Anthony Panizzi, K.C. B., late prin- 
 cipal Librarian of the British Museum. 
 With a portrait and illustrations. Lon- 
 don : 1880. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Sir Antonio Genesio Maria Pan- 
 izzi, K.C.B., late principal librarian 
 at the British Museum, died in the 
 82nd year of his age, at 31, Blooms- 
 bury-square, on the 8th April, 1879. 
 He was by birth an Italian, having been 
 born at Brescello, in Modena, on the 
 16th September, 1797. He was edu- 
 cated at Reggio, and at the University of 
 Parma, where, at the age of 21, he ob- 
 tained the degree of doctor in law. 
 Taking part in the Piedmontese Revolu- 
 tion of 1821, he was betrayed, and 
 arrested at Cremona, from which place, 
 however, he made his escape, after 
 having been condemned to death and all 
 his property being confiscated. He ulti- 
 mately took refuge in England, and, 
 after spending a short time in London, 
 carried on the profession of a teacher at 
 Liverpool for several years. In 1828 he 
 was appointed Professor of Italian in 
 University College, London. After hold- 
 ing this post three years, Mr. Panizzi 
 was introduced by Lord Brougham, who 
 was then Lord Chancellor, to the office 
 of extra assistant-librarian at the British. 
 
 Museum. He gradually rose, step by 
 step, until, in 1856, he reached the 
 highest post — that of Principal Librarian. 
 Here his literary judgment and his ad- 
 ministrative ability found ample scope ; 
 and although at one time the selection of 
 a foreigner for such an important and 
 responsible post was freely criticised, ex- 
 perience amply justified the wisdom of 
 the choice which had been made by the 
 trustees. Under his direction the book 
 department of the British Museum be- 
 came one of the most complete in the 
 world, and the facilities for study were 
 largely increased. In less than twenty 
 years the number of volumes in the col- 
 lection had more than doubled, and its 
 value was thereby so much enhanced as 
 to obtain recognition from the Legisla- 
 ture with an augmented Parliamentary 
 grant. A catalogue was compiled with a 
 view to an easy and expeditious reference 
 to the hundreds of thousands of volumes 
 in the library. Although its arrange- 
 ment and construction have been warmly 
 criticised, and it is not universally regarded 
 as the model of what such a compilation 
 ought to be, it deserves to be considered 
 as a monument of literary industry and 
 bibliographical skill. After many years 
 of service as principal librarian, Mr. 
 Panizzi, when nearly seventy years 
 of age (in June, 1866) resigned an 
 office in which he had done so much 
 good work. The Government of the 
 day, recognising his merits, awarded 
 him the full amount of his salary and 
 emoluments as a retiring pension. In 
 1869 he received the distinction of K.C.B. 
 Besides other works he was the author 
 of the above-cited pamphlet, “ Chi era 
 Francesco da Bologna?” published in 
 1858, asserting the identity of the cele- 
 brated typefounder with the still more 
 celebrated painter Francesco Francia. 
 
 PanthEon des Celebrites de rimprimerie. Hommage a MM. les im- 
 primeurs, par Ch. Lorilleux. 1880. 
 
 A sheet calendar, distributed among the customers of the celebrated French ink 
 manufacturers, Messrs. Ch. Lorilleux & Co. Opposite each day of the year is 
 given a short account of some typographical celebrity whose career is associated 
 with that particular date . — See Lorilleux. 
 
 Panzer (Georg Wolfgang). Aelteste Buchdruckergeschichte Niirn- 
 bergs, oder Verzeichnis aller von Erfindung der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst bis 1500 in Niirnberg gedruckten Bucher mit litterarischen 
 Anmerkungen. Niirnberg : 1789. 4to. 8 preliminary leaves, 
 pp. 178, and 3 leaves of index. 
 
5 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 1 1 
 
 Panzer (Georg Wolfgang). Annalen der altesten deutschen Literatur, 
 oder Anzeige und Beschreibung derjenigen Bucher, welche von 
 Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst bis 1520 in deutscher Sprache 
 
 gedruckt worden sind. Nurnberg: 1788. pp. iv. 487. 
 
 Additions. Leipzig: 1802. pp. iv. 206. Vol. ii. Nurnberg : 
 
 1805. 4to. pp. ii. 495. 
 
 “The first of these volumes contains an account of all German works printed 
 between 1462 and 1520. A supplement of corrections and additions was published 
 in 1802. The second volume respects those works executed between 1521 and 
 1526.” — Watt. 
 
 Annales Typographic^ ab artis inventse origine ad annum 
 
 md., post Maittairii, Denisii aliorumque doctissimoruxn 
 virorum curas in ordinem redacti, emendati, et aucti. 1 1 vols. 
 Norimbergse : 1793-1803. 4to. Vol. i., pp. xvi. 560; vol. ii., 
 pp. iv. 562 ; vol. iii., pp. iv. 570 ; vol. iv., pp. iv. 500 ; vol. 
 v., pp. iv. 566; vol. vi., pp. iv. 506; vol. vii., pp. iv. 572; 
 vol. viii., pp. iv. 564; vol. ix., pp. iv. 556; vol. x., pp. iv. 544; 
 vol. xi., pp. viii. 640. 
 
 “ This is a work of the very first im- 
 portance to Bibliographers, and presents 
 the most extensive account yet pub- 
 lished of the productions of the fifteenth 
 century, but it is, notwithstanding, far 
 from being complete, and the arrange- 
 ment of matter far from being conve- 
 nient.” — Watt. The last remark of 
 
 Watt seems uncalled for, as the arrange- 
 ment can hardly be found inconvenient 
 to persons accustomed to study — for 
 whom alone the work was compiled. 
 
 The following is a synopsis, translated 
 into English, of Panzer’s work ; one 
 which is almost indispensable to the 
 student of early typography : — 
 
 Vols. i.-iii. Catalogues of books in the 
 order of the towns. 1440 to 1500. 
 
 Vol. iv. Books without place, printer, 
 or date ; books with date only ; supple- 
 ment to the three first volumes. 
 
 Vol. v. Indexes to the five first volumes, 
 as follows : — 1st. Bibliographical, in the 
 Alphabetical order of authors. 2nd. 
 alphabetical index to towns and printers. 
 
 Ausfiihrliche Beschreibung der altesten Augspurgischen Aus- 
 
 gaben der Bibel. Nurnberg : 1780. 4to. 
 
 Bruchstiicke zu Joh. Regiomontans’s (Muller) grossen Mathe- 
 
 matikers und ersten Beforderer der Buchdruckerkunst in Nurnberg. 
 Leben. Nurnberg : 1797. 4to. 
 
 Conspectus Monumentorum typographicorum seculi decimi 
 
 quinti, ad ductum annafium typographicorum hujus seculi a se 
 editorum dispositus. Norimbergse : 1797. 4to. pp. iv. 556. 
 
 An index, with a new title-page, to the the printers, and of the towns where 
 great work of Panzer, cited above, giving printing was executed. It seems to have 
 an alphabetical list of the products of the been published separately before the 
 printing-press in the fifteenth century, of “ Annales ” was completed. 
 
 Vols. vi.-viii. Catalogue of books in 
 the order of towns, alphabetically ar- 
 ranged. 
 
 Vol. ix. Books without name of place, 
 printer, or date ; books with date only ; 
 a further supplement to vols. i.-iii. ; a 
 supplement to vols. vi.-viii. 
 
 Vols. x. xi. Continuation of supple- 
 ment ; indexes to five last volumes. 
 
 There is in the British Museum a 
 duplicate of vol. v. of the “Annales 
 Typographic!,” — with a new title-page. 
 It is interleaved, with an autograph letter 
 from Sir F. Madden to Dr. Bandinel 
 inserted. The Catalogue note to another 
 edition is : “ Interleaved ; with a printed 
 advertisement by A. Pezzana of books of 
 the fifteenth century wanting in the 
 Ducal Library of Parma, inserted.” 
 
 A supplement to Panzer’s work was 
 published in 8vo. in 1864, at Nordlinger, 
 by E. Weller, which records the books 
 published from 1500 to 1526. — See 
 Weller. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 16 
 
 Panzer (Georg Wolfgang). Geschichte der Niirnbergischen Aus- 
 gaben der Bibel von Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst an bis auf 
 unsere Zeiten. Niirnberg: 1778. 4to. 
 
 Literarische Nachricht von den alleraltesten gedruckten 
 
 deutschen Bibeln aus dem 15. Jahrhundert. Niirnberg: 1777. 
 4to. 
 
 — Versuch einer kurzen Geschichte der romisch-catholischen 
 deutschen Bibeliibersetzung. Niirnberg : 1781. 4to. 
 
 George Wolfgang Francis Panzer, 
 the eminent German bibliographer, 
 was born at Sulzbach, in the Upper 
 Palatinate, 1729, and was educated at 
 Altdorf, where he took the degree of 
 D.D., and was at the same time ordained 
 a minister in the Evangelical section of 
 the Church. Books were his delight 
 and study from youth to old age, his 
 library being choice and extensive. 
 He wrote several works, among which 
 were “ Bibles allemandes imprimees dans 
 le i5 me Siecle a Nuremberg,” 4to, 
 1777; “Histoire des Bibles imprimees 
 a Nuremberg depuis l’invention de l’im- 
 primerie,” 4to, 1778 ; “ Histoire de l’lm- 
 primerie dans les premiers temps a 
 
 Nuremberg,” 1788, 4to ; but the great 
 work which alone has made him famous 
 throughout Europe was his “ Annales 
 Typographic^ ” ix vols., 1793-1803. This 
 work is a monument of research and 
 organization. In 1802 a Supplement was 
 issued and another Supplement promised. 
 This promise, however, he did not live to 
 fulfil. He died at Nuremberg, in 1804, 
 just after celebrating on one day the 
 triple jubilee of his Ordination, his 
 Doctor’s degree, and his Marriage. The 
 best biographical account of him may be 
 found attached to the Catalogue of his 
 library, which contained 16,807 works, 
 and was issued in 3 vols., 8vo, 1806. 
 
 Papillon (Jean Baptiste Michel). Traite historique et pratique de 
 la Gravure en Bois, ouvrage enrichi des plus jobs morceaux de sa 
 composition et de sa gravure. 2 vols. and Supplementary volume. 
 Paris: 1766. 8vo. 
 
 Of the first edition of this work there is 
 a copy in the National Library in Paris, 
 believed to be the only one in existence, 
 which bears on the fly-leaf, in the hand- 
 writing of the author, a note to the effect 
 that the work — commenced in 1734 and 
 continued to 1738 without being finished — 
 was rewritten, corrected, and augmented, 
 and given to the public in an octavo 
 volume in 1762, “ avec quantite de fleu- 
 rons et des plus beaux ouvrages que-j’aie 
 fait depuis 1712.” 
 
 Jean Michel Papillon first became 
 known to the literary world by his “ Traite 
 historique et pratique de la gravure en 
 bois.” In the first volume he . gives 
 imitations of portions of various books of 
 images and other works which were 
 issued in the infancy of printing. At 
 page 473 of that volume is a catalogue 
 of the “Anciens et premiers livres 
 
 d’Estampes, ou images imprimes en 
 Europe, avec figures et caracteres en 
 bois.” It is complained that Papillon 
 did not write the historical portion of his 
 work with due care for accuracy. Hei- 
 necken, however, probably treats him 
 with too much severity in his “ Idee 
 d’une collection d’Estampes,” p. 151, 
 when he says that Papillon’ s first volume 
 is “ full of errors, of fables, and of 
 trifles, that are not worth refuting.” 
 Further on it is said (p. 239), “ Papillon 
 is a writer too ignorant to be worthy of 
 notice.” Without adopting Heinecken’s 
 censure in its entirety, regret may be 
 expressed that Papillon did not ac- 
 quaint himself with the practical details 
 of the art of Printing before forming his 
 opinions on the technical points with 
 which he had to deal. 
 
 Parant (M.). Lois de la Presse en 1834. Paris: 1834. 8vo. 
 
 — Lois de la Presse, ou Legislation actuelle sur l’Imprimerie 
 et la Librairie. Paris : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 Pardon (Benjamin). Supplementary leaves to Specimens of Types 
 for Bookwork and General Printing. London : 1868. 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 117 
 
 Pardon & Son. Specimens of 
 Printing. [London : 1870.] 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Pardon was born in 
 1812, at Plymouth. He came to London 
 and commenced business as a printer, in 
 partnership with Mr. Blackburn, son of 
 the late Rev. J. Blackburn. The firm 
 subsequently became Reed & Pardon, 
 by the admission of the late Sir Charles 
 Reed, who left it in 1862, to join that 
 of Messrs. Besley & Co., type-founders, 
 Fann Street, which foundry is now carried 
 on under the style of Sir Charles Reed & 
 Sons {see Besley and Reed). Mr. Pardon 
 afterwards carried on the Printing busi- 
 
 Types suitable for Commercial 
 8 vo. 
 
 ness in his sole name, and next under the 
 style of Pardon & Son, at Lovell’s Court, 
 Paternoster Row. He died on the 8th 
 April, 1879. Mr. Pardon was a thorough- 
 ly practical printer, having worked his 
 way up from the ranks ; he was past- 
 president and the last treasurer of the 
 late Master-Printers’ Association of 
 London. His evidence, given before a 
 Select Committee of the House of Com- 
 mons, on the organisation of Trade 
 Unions, will be found s. v. Parliamen- 
 tary Papers. 
 
 Parfait (Noel). Notice biographique sur A.-F. Sergent, graveur en 
 taille-douce. Chartres : 1848. 8vo. pp. 98. 
 
 Faris : The First International Meeting of Printers. Organized by 
 a Committee of Editors, and held at the Grand Hotel, Paris, on 
 Tuesday, the 20th of August, 1878. [London : 1878.] Small 
 4to. pp. 22. 
 
 A memorial of the First International Schweizerischer Buchdruckereibesitzef), 
 Banquet of Printers, held at Paris in Zurich ; Alex. Waldow {Archiv fur 
 1878, in connection with the Exposition Buchdruckerkunst), Leipsic ; C. W. H. 
 Universelle of that year, consisting of a Wyman (. Printing Times and Litho- 
 report of the speeches delivered on the graphef), London. 
 
 occasion, extracted from the Printing The number of guests was 230 ; a list 
 7 'imes and Lithographer, together with of their names is given. The ban- 
 some historical matter relative to the quet took place at the Grand Hotel, 
 occasion : privately printed. Paris, the chair being occupied by M. 
 
 To carry out the necessary arrange- Laboulaye. The following gentlemen 
 ments for this, the first international addressed the assembly : — M. Alfred 
 meeting of Printers ever held, a com- Firmin-Didot, M. Ch. Guasco, M. Ga- 
 mittee of twelve Editors of printing briel Charavay, M. Van Doosselaere, 
 journals was formed, consisting of the M. Th. Goebel, Mr. C. W. H. Wyman, 
 following : — G. Charavay {L' Impri- M. Ulrich-Gysi, M. Chapoulaud, Herr 
 merie), Paris; L. Degeorge ( Annales Isermann, Sig. Landi, Herr Harler, 
 de I Imprimerie), Brussels; Th. Goe- M. Chaix, Mr. A. C. J. Powell, Mr. W. 
 bel ( Journal fiir Buchdruckerkuns t) , J. Kelly, and M. Bonnet. The French 
 Stuttgart ; Ceph. Gorchs {El Correo Exhibition did not comprise the pro- 
 T ipografica ), Barcelona ; Ch. Guasco, ducts of the German empire on account 
 Hon. Sec. {Bulletin de l' Imprimerie), of the acerbities created by the Franco- 
 Pa ris ; Josef Heim {Oesterreichische German war ; nevertheless, German re- 
 Buchdrucker-Zt itung) , Vienna ; A. Iser- presentatives of the technical press 
 mann {Lithographid), Hamburg ; Sal- were present, and were received with 
 vador Landi {L' Arte della Stampa), the utmost cordiality by a representa- 
 Florence ; Arthur C. J. Powell {Printers' tive gathering of printers from nearly 
 Register), London ; Henry J. Tucker every part of the world. — See Brussels, 
 {Typologie-Tuckef), Paris ; C.H. Ulrich- in Supplement, for account of Second 
 Gysi {Mittheilungen fiir den Verein International Congress of Printers. 
 
 Paris. Observations adressees a MM. les Imprimeurs de Paris, sur 
 la brochure intitulee : De l’Etat de Flmprimerie Parisienne en 
 1854. Paris : 1854. 8vo. 
 
 Reply of the workmen to the proposal of the employers to reduce the rate of 
 wages. The pamphlet is signed by the working members of the Arbitration Com- 
 mittee, — J. B. Courmont, Guillaume Lebrun, and four others. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 18 
 
 Paris. Reponse des Imprimeurs de Paris a l’auteur de la Note sur la 
 Constitution legale et sur la question administrative de l’lmpri- 
 merie Imperiale. [Paris : 1864.] 4to. 
 
 Origin of Printing in. — Bernard (Auguste), Chevillier, 
 
 Crapelet, Delandine, Dibdin, Duprat, Franklin (Alfred), 
 Goring, Greswell,- Guignes, Madden, Maittaire, Naud^, 
 St. Georges, Taillandier. 
 
 Imperial, National, and Royal Printing-Office . — See Duprat, 
 
 Imprimerie Imperiale, Nationale, Royale. 
 
 Parkes (Mrs. Mary). The Electrotype as misapplied to Engraving 
 in the National Art Union. A Letter to Mr. Moon, of Thread- 
 needle-street. London : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 Parley’s Visit to the Printing-Office ; with a familiar Account of the 
 Steam Engine, the Printing Machine, and the Arts of Composition, 
 Engraving, and Stereotyping. Illustrated by superior Woodcuts. 
 London : 1843. i6mo. pp. 36. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers, Royal Proclamations, &c. — Under 
 this heading are here collected together the titles of Acts 
 of Parliament, Proclamations, Reports of Royal Commissions, 
 Minutes of Evidence before Committees of either House, and 
 other legislative documents relating to Printing. Much of the 
 history of the arts with which we are concerned is contained 
 in these publications ; but blue-books are commonly regarded 
 with aversion, and hitherto — owing to their comparative 
 inaccessibility, their voluminousness, and, we may add, their 
 general prolixity, together with their want of literary method and 
 coherence — they have been neglected, and the valuable material 
 hidden within them almost overlooked. Bearing historical 
 sequence in mind, it has been thought more serviceable to 
 depart in this instance from the alphabetical arrangement of this 
 Bibliography, and to compile the list in chronological order. 
 The annotations to the various items thus possess a sequence 
 corresponding to the dates of their appearance. Several of the 
 documents cited below are not strictly Parliamentary papers, 
 i. e ., documents printed by order of Parliament, but are Cases, 
 Memorials, and Petitions, presented to Parliament in view of pro- 
 posed legislative changes. It has been thought desirable to 
 include them under this heading, not only for convenience of 
 reference, but for the light they throw upon the several Acts and 
 their results. As will be seen, many of these, unfortunately, bear 
 no date ; we have, therefore, been compelled to trace, as far as 
 we could, the particular events to which they refer, and to fix 
 the dates approximately. In the process of doing so, it is pos- 
 sible that we have misdated some of them. Not a few of these 
 documents have previously been undescribed, and were accident- 
 ally brought under our notice. It will be seen that some of them 
 relate more properly to the regulation of the Press than to 
 actual Printing, but they form such interesting and important 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ii9 
 
 Parliamentary Papers 
 
 landmarks in the history of Typography that they are here 
 included. Strictly speaking, they do not come within our plan. 
 An abstract of the present laws relating to Printers and the Press 
 is given in the yearly issues of the “ Printing Trades’ Diary and 
 Desk-Book ” (see Periodical Publications). The student of 
 the history of parliamentary regulation of the Printing-press should 
 also consult the “Calendars of State Papers, domestic series, 
 preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty’s Record 
 Office.” This invaluable work, begun in 1856, contains a great 
 number of references to printing ; but as these relate to manu- 
 scripts, and not printed books, we are precluded from embodying 
 them in this Bibliography. The Calendars now extend to many 
 volumes. Reference should also be made to the “Analytical 
 Index to the Series of Records known as the Remembrancia, 
 preserved among the Archives of the City of London ” (London : 
 1878, 8vo. ), which contains several important allusions to manu- 
 scripts relating to Printing. 
 
 — 1 Richard III., cap. 9. An Act against Italians that sell 
 their wares by retail, and other orders concerning that nation in 
 this realm. [1483.] 
 
 Richard III. usurped the Crown, June 
 26, 1483, about seven years after Caxton 
 arrived in England. 
 
 This Act of Parliament contains the 
 first mention of Printing in the statutes 
 of this country, and shows how early 
 after its invention the art was taken 
 under the patronage and control of the 
 State. By the Act, restrictions on mer- 
 chant strangers were imposed, the legis- 
 lature being jealous of foreigners import- 
 ing manufactured goods, supposing that 
 their introduction was adverse to the 
 interests of home producers. An ex- 
 ception, however, was made, as fol- 
 lows (Section . xii.) Provided always 
 that this Act, or any part thereof, or 
 any other Act made or to be made in 
 this said Parliament, shall not extend, or 
 
 be in prejudice, disturbance, damage, or 
 impediment to any artificer or merchant 
 stranger, of what nation or country he be 
 or shall be of, for bringing into this realm, 
 or selling by retail or otherwise, any books 
 written or printed, or for inhabiting 
 within this said realm, for the same intent, 
 or any scrivener, alluminator, reader, or 
 printer of such books, which he hath or 
 shall have to sell by way of merchandise, 
 or for their dwelling within this said 
 realm for the exercise of the said occu- 
 pations, this Act or any part notwith- 
 standing. The effect of this was to en- 
 courage the traffic in foreign books, they 
 being thus excepted from the “pro- 
 tected” interests of the country. The 
 Act, however, was repealed by 25 
 Henry VIII., cap. 15, s. 1 (see infra). 
 
 22 Henry VIII. A Proclamation made and diuysed by the 
 
 Kyngis highnes -with the aduise of his honorable counsaile, for 
 dampning of erronious bokes, etc. [1530.] A broadside. 
 
 The first attempt at licensing the Press, abroad, were to be delivered up to the 
 Books such as the “Wicked Mam- curate or priest of the parish; and no 
 monia,’’ “The Obedience of a Christen book was to be printed in England until 
 Man,” “The Supplication of Beggars,” examined and approved, 
 and the “ Summary of Scripture,” printed 
 
 25 Henry VIII. An Acte concernyng prynters and bynders 
 
 of bokes. [I 533 -] 
 
 Repeals the proviso in the statute of in consequence. This was, however, a 
 Richard III. above referred to, and for- direct encouragement to the native 
 bids the importation of foreign printed printers. It is reprinted in Berthelet’s 
 books, at the same time providing against “ Great Boke of Statutes ” (1542). 
 the English printers raising their prices 
 
120 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 — 31 Henry VIII. A Proclamation to all and synguler Prynters 
 and Sellers of Books not to prynte any Bible in the English 
 Tonge, of any manner of volume duryn the space of fyve 
 yeres. &c. [1539.] A folio broadside. 
 
 Intended for polemico-religious pur- 
 poses only ; a harbinger of the “glorious 
 Reformation.” Printed in Rymer’s 
 “ Foedera,” xiv., 649. 
 
 After stating the desire of the King 
 that his people should attain to God's 
 Word, the danger to be apprehended from 
 diversity of translations of the same, and 
 the appointment of Lord Cromwell to 
 take charge thereof, the proclamation 
 forbids any person within the realm 
 printing any Bible in the English tongue, 
 “ of any manner of volume, duryn the 
 space of fyve yeres next ensuing after the 
 date hereof, but only all such as shall be 
 deputid, assignid, and admitted by the 
 said Lord Cromwell.” 
 
 In this year, Grafton and Whitchurch, 
 after many difficulties, printed in London 
 a Bible in English, their types and other 
 materials having been obtained from 
 Paris. The edition consisted of 2,500 
 copies. (Dibdin, “Typo. Ant.” vol. iii., 
 p. 439. See also Lewis’s “ Hist, of Eng. 
 Translations of the Bible.”) Cromwell 
 next procured a privilege (but not an 
 exclusive one) for Grafton and Whit- 
 church for printing the Scriptures for five 
 years. Very shortly after the death of 
 Lord Cromwell, Grafton was imprisoned 
 
 for printing Mathew’s Bible and the 
 Great Bible, his former friend Bonner 
 much exaggerating the case against him. 
 The prosecution was not, however, fol- 
 lowed up, and in a short time he was ap- 
 pointed with Whitchurch printer to King 
 'Edward, with special patents for printing 
 all church-service books and primers. 
 
 In the same year certain other injunc- 
 tions were set forth by authority of the 
 King against persons without special 
 licence of the King, importing and selling 
 English books under pain of loss of goods 
 and imprisonment during the King’s 
 pleasure ; or printing, or bringing over, 
 any English books with annotations or 
 prologues, unless the same be licensed 
 by the King’s Privy Council or others 
 appointed by his highness, and yet not to 
 put thereto those words “cum privilegio 
 regali,” without adding “ ad imprimen- 
 dum solum.” The translator’s name to 
 appear, or the printer to be liable, and 
 treated as the translator. No “English 
 books of Scripture ” to be printed, 
 uttered, or sold, until the same have been 
 viewed and admitted by the King or 
 Council, under pain of the King’s most 
 high displeasure, loss of goods, and im- 
 prisonment during the King’s pleasure. 
 
 4 Edward VI. Statute for abolishing and putting, away of 
 
 divers books and images (pictures) and inflicting heavy penalties 
 on the printers of them. [1550.] 
 
 Like the preceding, this was a measure of ecclesiastical policy only, and not 
 adopted for crippling the Press. Indeed, we find no attempt on the part of Henry 
 VIII. or his son Edward VI. to harass the printers as such. 
 
 Proclamation against Raisers of Sedition, Printers, Players of 
 
 Interludes. 18th August, 1553. London, J. Cawood. 
 
 3 Mary. Proclamation whereby whosoever shall print or 
 
 possess wicked or seditious books, shall be taken for a rebel and 
 without delay be executed, according to martial law. [1555.] 
 
 Apolitical expedient only ; not directed 
 against Printing qud Printing. It should 
 here be stated, in order to trace the 
 progress of legislation as it affected the 
 art of Printing, that in the following 
 year, i.e., on May 4, 1556, the charter 
 was granted to the Stationers’ Company. 
 The governing body was authorised to 
 make “ ordinances, provisions, and laws,” 
 for “the good and well ordering and 
 governing of the freemen of the foresaid 
 art and of the foresaid society.” By 
 
 section 12 no person was “to practise 
 or exercise the art or mystery of printing 
 or stamping any book or anything to be 
 sold, or to be bargained for, within this 
 our Kingdom of England, unless the 
 same person is or shall be one of the 
 society of the foresaid mystery or art of 
 a stationer of the city aforesaid at the 
 time of his foresaid printing or stamping,” 
 or “had the royal licence.” By sec. 13 
 the master, keepers, or wardens for the 
 time being were empowered to search as 
 
Bibliography oj Printing. 
 
 12 1 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 often as they pleased the house of any 
 stamper, printer, binder, or seller of any 
 manner of books within the Kingdom cf 
 England or dominions thereof, and to 
 seize, take away, or convert to the proper 
 use of the said society all books and things 
 printed or stamped contrary to any act 
 or proclamation. By sec. 14, persons 
 
 illegally printing, or withstanding the 
 master, &c., in their search, might be 
 committed by the master, &c., to prison, 
 there to remain, “ without bail or main- 
 prise ” for the space of three months, and 
 pay for such offence 100 shillings, one 
 moiety thereof to go to the Crown, and 
 the other moiety to the Company. 
 
 Injunction given by the Queen [Elizabeth], No. 51. [15 59-1 
 
 The injunctions given by the Queen be printed of any kind or in any language 
 confirmed the charter to the Stationers’ without being licensed by her Majesty 
 Company of 1556, and stated that in con- by express words in writing, or by six of 
 sequence of great disorder arising from her Privy Council, or be perused and 
 the publication of unfruitful, vain, and licensed by the Archbishops of Canterbury 
 infamous books and papers, none were to and York, the Bishop of London, &c. 
 
 A decree of Starre-chamber for the reformation of divers 
 
 disorders in printing and uttering of books. [June 29th, 1566.] 
 Queen Elizabeth about this time was “feat” of Printing. The wardens of 
 engaged in an attempt to obtain despotic the Stationers’ Company were to search 
 power, and one of her expedients with printing-houses and “to open and view 
 this end was to cause the Star Chamber all packs, . dryfats, maunds, and other 
 to make the above decree. It provided things wherein books may be contained.” 
 that whoever printed anything opposed Every printer was to enter into recog- 
 to any injunction or ordinance set forth nisances that he would duly observe all 
 by the Queen’s authority should be im- ordinances, pay all forfeitures, and assist 
 prisoned and thenceforth never use the the said wardens. 
 
 By the Queen [Elizabeth]. A Proclamation against certaine 
 
 seditious and scismatical Bookes and Libelles. Giuen at Greene- 
 wich, the last day of June, in the fiue & twentieth yere of her 
 highnesse Reigne. [1583.] A folio broadside. 
 
 Certain objectionable “ erroneous ” and “scismatical” books are specified, and 
 no one is to be so “hardy” as to put them in print. 
 
 28 Elizabeth. Decree of the Lords in the Starre Chambere 
 
 touching printers, stationers, &c. [1585.] 
 
 All printers to be registered with the 
 Stationers’ Company ; there shali be 110 
 presses out of London except one at 
 Cambridge and another at Oxford ; that 
 no new printing-office shall be established 
 “ till the excessive multitude of printers 
 having presses alreadie sett up be abated,” 
 to the satisfaction of the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury or Bishop of London ; that 
 no new book should be printed without 
 its being first approved by the said Arch- 
 bishop or Bishop, on pain of six months’ 
 imprisonment ; that no person should 
 bind, stitch, sell, or dispose of any 
 books contrary to the present ordinance ; 
 all printing-offices to be open to the in- 
 spection of the wardens of the Stationers’ 
 
 Company, who were empowered to seize 
 all suspected books, and also to con- 
 fiscate the presses, type, and other 
 material of any offending printer ; that 
 for the “avoyding of the excessive num- 
 ber of printers ” no more than three 
 apprentices be allowed to each printer 
 who was or had been Master of the 
 Stationers’ Company, nor more than two 
 to him who was of the Livery, and but 
 one to him who belonged to the Yeo- 
 manry only. The printers Of the Univer- 
 sity were suffered to have only one 
 apprentice at a time. 
 
 This intolerably harsh enactment should 
 be remembered by typographical ad- 
 mirers of “ Good Queen Bess.” 
 
 By the Queen [Elizabeth], A Proclamation against certain 
 
 seditious and schismatical books. [1588.] A folio broadside. 
 Confirms the enactment of 1585, cited above, and orders that certain “irreligious” 
 books having been printed, those in possession of them are to deliver them up to 
 the ecclesiastical authorities, and to inform the latter of the names of the printers. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
122 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 By the King [James I.] A Proclamation against disorderly 
 
 Printing, uttering, and dispersing of books, pamphlets, &c. [Sept. 
 20, 1623.] A two-sheet broadside. 
 
 Directed against evasions of the Act 28 Elizabeth (supra), such as printing abroad 
 prohibited books, or representing home-printed books as being printed abroad. 
 
 By the King [Charles I.] A Proclamation to prohibit the 
 
 sale of Latyne Bookes reprinted beyond the seas. [April 1, 1625.] 
 A folio broadside, 2 leaves. 
 
 A protective measure in favour of the monopoly in Latin books granted to the 
 University Presses of Oxford and Cambridge. 
 
 A decree of Starre- Chamber, concerning Printing, made the 
 
 nth day of July past. [1637.] 4to. 31 unnumbered leaves — 
 reprinted by Mr. E. Arber. 
 
 One of the most atrocious laws ever 
 enacted in this “land of liberty.” After 
 reciting that the decrees and ordinances 
 of Elizabeth had been found by experi- 
 ence to be defective in some particulars, 
 and that divers abuses had sithence 
 arisen, it was ordered that the former 
 ordinances should stand in force as 
 amended by the present decree. 
 
 The clauses were thirty-three in num- 
 ber — the act, in folio, black letter, com- 
 prising sixty- two pages— the chief provi- 
 sions being that no book should be 
 printed unless the same should have first 
 been licensed and entered in the Register 
 of the Stationers’ Company ; that every 
 bookseller and other person having books 
 should, before he parted with any, sup- 
 ply a list of them to the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury or the Bishop of London ; 
 that upon everything that he printed the 
 printer should set his name, and the 
 name of the author, and by or for whom 
 it was printed ; that no one should set 
 up a printing-office, nor make a press, 
 nor cast letters, without first giving 
 notice to the Stationers’ Company ; that 
 besides His Majesty’s Printer and the 
 printer to the Universities there should 
 be twenty master-printers and no more 
 (the names of the first privileged ones 
 are given\ and in case of vacancies the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury or the Bishop 
 of London, with six other High Com- 
 
 missioners, might fill them up ; that all 
 printers should, within ten days, become 
 bound in the sum of ^300 not to print 
 any but licensed books ; that no printer 
 should keep above two presses unless he 
 should have been Master or Upper 
 Warden of his Company, when he might 
 keep three ; and that whereas some 
 printers had already more than this num- 
 ber the supernumerary presses were to 
 be suppressed ; that there should be four 
 founders of letters only, each of whom 
 should be allowed to have two appren- 
 tices ; that founders should employ no 
 one who was not, or had not been bound 
 to the trade of founding letters, but that 
 each founder might employ one boy who 
 was not so bound “ to pull off the knots 
 of mettle hanging to the letters when 
 they are first cast,” and that one copy 
 of every book should be sent to Sta- 
 tioners’ Hall for the Bodleian Library 
 at Oxford. 
 
 The provisions of the decree of Eliza- 
 beth as to the number of apprentices, and 
 as to the inquisitorial powers of the 
 Warden of the Stationers’ Company, were 
 also continued. 
 
 Offences against these decrees were to 
 be dealt with by the Star Chamber or the 
 High Commission Court, and the penal- 
 ties of infringing any of the provisions 
 were very heavy, extending even to 
 whipping and the pillory. 
 
 To the Right Honourable, the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses 
 
 now assembled in the High Court of Parliament. The Petition 
 of the Masters and Workmen Printers of London. [1641.] A 
 folio broadside. 
 
 Begging that the Patents then in force one side of a sheet, or any part of a 
 —I. To the Barkers for printing Bibles ; sheet ” — may be abolished on the ground 
 II. To Tottell for Law Books; III. To that none of the patentees were “at all 
 Norton for other Books; and IV. To acquainted with the mystery of Printing, 
 Symcoche for “Printing of all things or ever served any time to any Printer.’’ 
 that are, may, or shall be Printed upon 
 
123 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 An Abstract of the Bill for encouragement of learning and for 
 
 securing the property of books to the rightful owners. [London, 
 n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 Gives the proposed regulations as to the registration with the Stationers’ Company 
 of all copyrights. 
 
 The Case of the Booksellers and Printers, relating to the 
 
 patentees for the sole Printing all books of the Common Law. 
 [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The petition sets out that for some very great inconvenience, and being the 
 years preceding several private persons, occasion of great oppression upon the 
 for their own particular gain, had pro- printers and booksellers. It was asked, 
 
 cured patents for the sole printing all why should any man who wanted to 
 
 books whatsoever relating to the common publish a law treatise be forced to have 
 law of the land. That such patentees it printed at the patentees’ press ? The 
 were not printers by trade, but gentle- system, it was urged, resulted in the 
 men, who farmed out their privileges to price of law books being excessively high 
 others, the practice being attended with as compared with other books. 
 
 The Case of the Booksellers and Printers, relating to the 
 
 Patentees for the Printing of all books of the Common Law. 
 [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 Complains that for some years pre- privileges to others, which was the cause 
 viously certain persons, not printers, had of great “ oppressions ” upon the printers 
 procured patents for the sole printing of and booksellers, 
 all law books, and had farmed out those 
 
 An Order made by the Honourable House of Commons. Die 
 
 'Sabbati, 29 Januarii. [1641.] 
 
 The Stationers’ Company were en- had been abolished, and henceforward 
 trusted with a kind of copyright, under Parliament undertook the regulation of 
 which no . book was to be printed or re- printing. The document is signed “H. 
 printed without the consent of the author. Elsinge, Cler. Pari. do. Com.” 
 
 That illegal court, the Star Chamber, 
 
 Reasons humbly offered to the consideration of the Honour- 
 able House of Commons relating to the Bill for securing copyright 
 in books, &c. [London, n. d.] Fcap. pp. 2. 
 
 A protest against the privileges of the Stationers’ Company and the system of 
 granting patents, whereby the cost of books was excessively raised, to the injury of 
 printers. 
 
 An Order of the Commons assembled in Parliament for regu- 
 lating Printing. Die Jovis, 9 Martii, 1642. 
 
 The “ Committee of Examinations” was empowered to search any houses where 
 papers were kept. If printing-offices were found to be engaged on “ scandalous ” 
 books the material was to be destroyed, and the master and workmen imprisoned. 
 
 20 Junii, 1643. A Particular of the Names of the Licencers 
 
 who are appointed by the House of Commons for Printing. 
 London : [1643.] 4to. 
 
 There were 12 licencers for Divinity, 4 for Law, 5 for Chirurgery, x for Heraldry, 
 
 1 for small pamphlets, and for Mathematics, &c., the Reader for the time being of 
 Gresham College. 
 
124 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 An Order of the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parlia- 
 ment. For the regulating of Printing. 14 June, 1643. London: 
 1643. 4to. pp. 3. 
 
 No book, pamphlet, or paper to be printed except under licence of persons 
 appointed by Parliament. This broadside was also issued as a pamphlet (8vo. pp. 8) 
 in the same year, and has been reprinted by Mr. E. Arber. 
 
 An Ordinance of the Lords & Commons Assembled in 
 
 Parliament against Unlicensed or Scandalous Pamphlets, and for 
 the better Regulation of Printing. 28 September, 1647. Lon- 
 don : 1647. 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 Unlicensed presses were to be seized cepted “the evil with the good,” and 
 and destroyed. regarded their privileges as a quid pro 
 
 The Orders of the Commons of 1641, quo for their bondage. In 1644, we 
 1642, and 1643, confirmed the decrees of ought parenthetically to point out, John 
 the Star Chamber, yet no protest ap- Milton made a powerful speech in Par- 
 pears to have been made by the printers, liament in favour of the liberty of the 
 As their number was strictly limited, and Press, which was subsequently printed 
 a monopoly to that extent created and under the title of “ Areopagitica.” 
 maintained, it is likely that they ac- 
 
 A Warrant of the Lord General Fairfax to the Marshal 
 
 General of the Army to put in execution the former ordinances 
 and orders concerning the regulating of Printing. [1649.] 
 
 Previous Acts of Parliament against irregular printers are quoted and re-enacted. 
 
 Sir Thomas Fairfax was made General for the Parliament, Dec. 31, 1645. It 
 was in 1649 that the Ordinances of the Commons were first styled “ Acts of Parlia- 
 ment.” 
 
 An Act for punishing unlicensed and scandalous books and 
 
 pamphlets, and regulating printing. [1649.] 
 
 Printers to enter into a bond of ,£300 previously given to the Stationers’ Com- 
 not to print “ scandalous, seditious, or pany. 
 
 treasonable matter.” All imported books to be viewed by the 
 
 No house or room to be let to a printer, officers of the Company. No Bibles or 
 nor implements made, presses imported, Psalms to be imported, 
 or letters founded, without notice being 
 
 Act for Suppression of unlicensed and scandalous books. 
 
 [1652.] 
 
 The Act of September 20, 1649, was revived, with some slight alterations. 
 
 Order of the Commons. That it be referred to a Committee 
 
 to consider of a way to suppress private presses, and to regulate 
 the Press ; also to prevent scandalous books and pamphlets. 
 [1656.] 
 
 It is no wonder that in 1660 there was issued “ The London Printer, his Lamen- 
 tation ; or, The Press Oppress’d or Overpress’d ” (4to. London, 1660), complaining 
 of the “ present degradation and prostitution ” of the art. 
 
 To the Right Honourable the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses 
 
 assembled in Parliament. The Humble Petitio'n of the Workmen 
 Printers. London : [1659.] A single leaf 8vo. 
 
 A petition drawn up complaining of the existing monopoly in Bible printing. 
 
 By the Council of State. A Proclamation [summoning 
 
 Livewell Chapman, of London, to appear before the Council]. 
 (March 28, 1660.) London : [1660.] Broadside folio. Black letter. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 125 
 
 Parliamentary Tapers : — 
 
 13 & 14 Charles II., cap. 32, 33. An Act for preventing 
 
 the frequent abuses in printing seditious, treasonable and unli- 
 censed books and pamphlets, and for regulating of printing and 
 printing-presses. [1662.] 
 
 The following is an abstract of this 
 Act. It begins with a recital that the 
 regulating of printers is matter of pub- 
 lic care, and that many have been of late 
 encouraged to print and sell seditious 
 pamphlets, &c. : — 
 
 No persons to print seditious and 
 heretical pamphlets, or import or publish 
 such pamphlets. 
 
 No private person to print any book, 
 &c., unless first entered with the Sta- 
 tioners’ Company of London (with cer- 
 tain exceptions), and unless duly licensed. 
 
 Common-law books to be iicensed by 
 Lord Chancellor ; books of history, 
 affairs of State, &c., by Secretary of 
 State ; books of heraldry, by the Earl 
 Marshal or Kings of Arms ; all other 
 books by Archbishop of Canterbury and 
 Bishop of London. 
 
 Every person authorised to license to 
 have one written copy of the book, which 
 is to be delivered by licence to the owner 
 for printing, and afterwards to be returned 
 to the licenser to be kept. 
 
 If such book be in English two written 
 copies, if required, to be delivered to 
 licenser. 
 
 Licence to be printed at the beginning 
 of the book. 
 
 Merchants and importers of books to 
 import the same into London only 
 when specially licensed, and to present 
 a true catalogue thereof to the Arch- 
 bishop. 
 
 No person to print or import copies of 
 books, indentures, &c., in which others 
 have any right by letters patent, &c., 
 solely to print, without the consent of the 
 owners ; nor bind nor stitch such books or 
 copies without consent. 
 
 Printers of books, &c., to set their 
 names thereto, and declare the name of 
 the author if required. 
 
 N o person to print or forge the name 
 of the person having sole right to print 
 any book. 
 
 No haberdasher of small wares, &c., 
 not licensed, nor being a freeman of 
 London, nor a member of the Stationers’ 
 Company, to sell books. 
 
 No merchant or other person to print 
 beyond sea, or import English books. 
 
 Aliens not to import or vend books in 
 any language, printed beyond sea, with- 
 out special licence of Archbishop. 
 
 No person to erect a printing-press, or 
 let premises for printing, without giving 
 notice to the Stationers’ Company. 
 
 No carpenter, &c., to make a printing- 
 press, or cast letters, or import letters, 
 without first acquainting the Stationers’ 
 Company. 
 
 No person to be admitted a master 
 printer till the master printers be reduced 
 to twenty, which number is to be con- 
 tinued ; and four letter-founders. 
 
 In case of death of any master printer 
 or founder, the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury to appoint another. 
 
 Persons allowed to have a printing- 
 press to give security in ,6300. 
 
 No master printer to be allowed to 
 have more than two printing-presses at 
 once, unless he has been Master or Upper 
 Warden of the Stationers’ Company, 
 when he may keep three presses, and no 
 more, unless he has done “ some great 
 and special occasion for the public,” in 
 which case he may have leave of the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury or Bishop of 
 London. 
 
 No printer (except the King’s Printer) 
 or type-founder is to take or retain any 
 more apprentices than these : if he has 
 been Master or Upper Warden of the 
 Stationers’ Company, three ; if he has 
 been of the Livery of his Company, 
 two ; and of the Yeomanry, one, and no 
 more. 
 
 Master printers and master letter- 
 founders to take care that journeymen 
 are kept at work ; if a journeyman be 
 out of employ he is, on application, to be 
 received, if master printer have not a 
 journeyman, though himself and his ap- 
 prentices can do the work. 
 
 Journeymen refusing employment, or 
 neglecting work, are to be summarily im- 
 prisoned for three months. 
 
 Masters not to employ any but Eng- 
 lishmen and freemen, or sons of freemen, 
 and apprentices. 
 
 Printers, letter-founders, &c., working 
 for the trade who offend, are for the first 
 offence to be disabled from using or exer- 
 cising “ the art or mystery of printing or 
 of founding letters for printing,” for 
 three years ; for the second offence they 
 are to be for ever disabled from doing so, 
 and to receive punishment by fine or im- 
 prisonment. 
 
126 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers • — 
 
 Printers to reserve three copies of every of York from the operation of the 
 book — one for the King’s library, and Act. 
 
 one for each of the Universities. This Act was continued in force by the 
 
 At end is a proviso excluding the City Acts of 1665 and 1685 (see infra). 
 
 The Case of the Free Workmen Printers, relating to the Bill 
 
 for preventing the licentiousness of the Press, humbly offered to 
 the consideration of the Honourable House of Commons. 
 
 [London, n. d.] [1662-1665. 
 
 Mention is made of the “licentiousness 
 of the late times, during the unnatural 
 rebellion against King Charles the First.” 
 It stated that during the interval of the 
 Commonwealth many heretical and trea- 
 sonable books and pamphlets had been 
 issued. By 14 Chas. II. the wisdom of 
 Parliament had passed an Act for pre- 
 venting abuses in printing, by reducing 
 and limiting the number of printing- 
 presses. That the number of master 
 printers was thereby reduced to twenty, 
 and a certain number of presses assigned 
 to each, as well as a certain number of 
 apprentices. That the Act being tem- 
 
 Broadside, fcap. folio, 
 porary, on its expiration the art had been 
 again laid open, more masters and more 
 presses were set up, and more apprentices 
 instructed. That there were at the time 
 of drawing up this petition nearly 70 
 printing houses and 150 apprentices, 
 besides more coming in. That if none 
 but licensed work was to be printed a 
 great part of these persons must starve. 
 Hence it was prayed that a clause should 
 be inserted in the bill to prevent the li- 
 centiousness of the Press, to prevent the 
 growing number of printers, and to 
 • hinder booksellers and others from “ in- 
 terloping into their trade.” 
 
 Reasons humbly offered to the Honourable House of Com- 
 mons by the traders in books for the better securing of their 
 properties therein. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The “ traders in books ” wanted more and the two University libraries, they 
 protection of their interests in copyrights, represented that it would be a charge 
 and as they had heard that in a bill then upon them amounting to many hundreds 
 before Parliament there was a clause re- of pounds a year, and the proposition 
 quiring printers to reserve three printed was never inserted in any former Acts 
 copies of every new book for the King’s for printing. 
 
 17 Charles II., cap. 4. An Act for continuance of a former 
 
 Act, for regulating the Press. [1665.] 
 
 Every printer, except the two Univer- penalty is imposed upon printers or Mas- 
 sity Printers, to reserve three copies, ters of the Company offending. In other 
 and to deliver them to the Master of the respects the previous Act is continued in 
 Stationers’ Company — one for the King, force, 
 and one for each of the Universities. A 
 
 Reasons for amending the clause for a drawback to be allowed 
 
 to the Universities, &c. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The petitioners state that at the date 
 of this memorial, in the University 
 of Oxford, there were, besides one in 
 private hands, two other printing-houses, 
 one at the Theatre, being that of the 
 University, and the other privileged by 
 them and let to Mr. Basket, stationer, 
 of London. That it could not be 
 doubted but that the printing of all 
 books in the learned languages would 
 soon be taken to Oxford, because they 
 could be printed 20 per cent, cheaper 
 there than at London. That the privi- 
 lege of the Cambridge Press was under 
 the management of one Crownfield, a 
 
 Dutchman, who was constantly soliciting 
 London booksellers for work, and whose 
 drawback would soon enable him to pro- 
 cure away from London such printing as 
 the other University did not think it 
 worth their while to undertake. That 
 what books escaped the Universities 
 would in all probability be printed in 
 Holland. These grievances, together 
 with the heavy duty on printing-paper, 
 and the stamps and duty on newspapers 
 and pamphlets, amounted to almost a 
 prohibition of the printing trade in and 
 about London. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 127 
 
 Parliamentary Papers 
 
 By the King [Charles II. ]. A Proclamation for suppressing 
 
 the Press and the publishing unlicensed news-books and pamph- 
 lets of news. [May 12th, 1680.] Broadside. 
 
 1 James II., cap. 17. An Act for reviving and continuance 
 
 of several Acts of Parliament therein mentioned. [1685.] 
 
 This Act continued for seven years continue in force from the 24th June, 
 from its date, the provisions of 13 & 14 1685, for the space of seven years, and 
 
 Charles II., cap. 33, cited above, by from thence to the end of the next session 
 providing that “ every clause, article, and of Parliament.” 
 thing therein contained, be revived, and 
 
 — Reasons humbly offered to be considered before the Act for 
 Printing be renewed (unless with alterations), viz., for Freedom 
 of Trade in lawful books, and setting severe penalties on scanda- 
 lous and seditious books against the Government. London. 
 [30 Dec. 1692.] Fcap. folio. 
 
 An indictment of the Stationers’ Com- 
 pany, but containing incidentally a con- 
 siderable amount of historical matter 
 relative to the state of the trade at this 
 period. The document recites that the 
 great powers given to the Masters and 
 Wardens of the Stationers’ Company 
 and other “patentees” had resulted in 
 “ the very great prejudice and public 
 damage of the nation, by inhanncing 
 the price of Books, and also to the im- 
 poverishment of the generality of the 
 members of that company, viz., printers, 
 booksellers, bookbinders, haberdashers, 
 and several other considerable traders, 
 who have been thereby restrained from 
 the most beneficial part of their ancient 
 trade and right, by their apprenticeship.” 
 It goes on to say that King James I. 
 granted a privilege for selling primers, 
 psalters, psalms, almanacks, and several 
 other books, for ever, and that this had 
 been so profitable to the Masters and 
 Wardens that for thirty years they had 
 constantly divided above .£12 per cent, 
 yearly, besides other and more frequent 
 dividends, and “ extravagantly charge- 
 able Feastings, out of the profits of the 
 thus monopolised trade (excluding the 
 generality of the members of that com- 
 
 pp. 4. 
 
 pany from any benefit of the said patent, 
 though it was granted to the whole 
 body).” It is alleged that “if the 
 manufacture of printing were left free 
 as other trades, it would employ above 
 double the number of printers that are 
 in England, and that on lawful work too. 
 For since the year 1662 (when the Act 
 was made) there have more English 
 Bibles, and other English books, been 
 printed in Holland, by one Athias, a 
 Jew (among many other printers there), 
 than have been printed by any four 
 printers in England at that time.” The 
 conclusion is that “ all which matters are 
 humbly offered to be considered (before 
 the said act be renewed) by many hun- 
 dreds of traders in the said manufacture, 
 who by having freedom to follow their 
 trades or lawful work, shall not be 
 necessitated to betake themselves (for a 
 livelihood) to unlawful work, as too 
 many have been forced to do, or to turn 
 porters or some other servile employ- 
 ments which their parents and friends 
 little dreamed of when they placed them 
 apprentices to their trades.” 
 
 The Act referred to was that of 
 1 James II., cap. 17. It will be seen from 
 the following that the petition was futile. 
 
 — 4 & 5 William and Mary, cap. 24. An Act for reviving, con- 
 tinuing, and explaining several laws therein mentioned, which 
 
 are expired and near expiring. 
 
 This Act continued for one year the 
 Act 1 James II., c. 17. 
 
 It recited that the Act (13 & 14, 
 Charles II.) for preventing abuses in 
 printing seditious, treasonable, and un- 
 licensed books and pamphlets, and for 
 regulating printing and printing presses, 
 which was by the Act of 1 James revived. 
 
 [1692.] 
 
 to have continuance from June 24, 1685, 
 for seven years, and to the end of the 
 next session of Parliament, should be 
 continued, and be in force for one year 
 from February 1692, and from thence to 
 the end of the next session of Parliament, 
 and no longer. 
 
128 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 Some considerations humbly offered by the people called 
 
 Quakers, relating to the Bill for the restraining the Licentious- 
 ness of the Press. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The Quakers state that they considered therefore prayed that nothing might be 
 it wise and necessary to prevent the enacted that would lessen the toleration 
 printing and publishing of seditious or which they enjoyed, 
 treasonable books, but that to limit reli- The Society of Friends, or Quakers, 
 gious books to a licence seemed unsafe was instituted in 1648. It was not until 
 to all but that side to which the liceocer 1697 that their affirmation was accepted 
 belonged ; the licencer under the pro- instead of an oath. Meanwhile they 
 posed Bill having power to allow what he were the subjects of much persecution, 
 thought sound and orthodox and reject being denied not only religious but cer- 
 all other. “ History and experience have tain civil liberty. Notwithstanding this 
 taught how the obscure term of heresy they boldly disseminated their peculiar 
 hath been turned and stretched against and peaceful doctrines, and this paper is 
 primitive Christians, martyrs, and fa- an appeal to the conscience of the people 
 mous reformers.” The memorialists at large in favour of freedom of the press. 
 
 A Brief Reply to the Quakers’ Printed Case touching the 
 
 Printing Bill. [London, n. d.] Broadside, 14 in. by 16 in. 
 
 This begins by stating that as the selves be not guilty of printing and 
 Quakers agree “ that to prevent the publishing seditious and scandalous 
 printing and publishing seditious and pamphlets, and that therefore a restraint 
 scandalous pamphlets is the wisdom of on them they think unsafe.” The re- 
 all good Governments, yet to limit the mainder of the document is an examina- 
 press we consider unsafe.” “ But this tion of the religious and political litera- 
 ls saying and unsaying, which leads me ture of the Quakers, 
 to inquire whether the Quakers them- 
 
 A Rejoynder to the Quakers’ Answer to F. Bugg’s Reply to 
 
 the Printed Case, touching the Printing Bill. [London, n. d.] 
 Fcap. folio, pp. 2. 
 
 A controversial onslaught upon the doctrines.” For this reason the printing 
 Quakers, whose practice, it was said, of Quaker books was proposed to be 
 “ ever since they were a people, was to prevented, 
 stir up seditious spirits and blasphemous 
 
 • The Booksellers’ Humble Address to the Honourable House 
 
 of Commons in behalf of the Bill for Encouraging Learning, &c. 
 [London, n. d.J Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The booksellers supported the Bill be- suffering that it was exceedingly bene- 
 cause it tended to confirm a right which fited by the cheap and beautiful way of 
 had been enjoyed by common law for printing then introduced. Because the 
 above 150 years ; because when it was Bill would not be any restraint upon the 
 confirmed by statute from the 14th to liberty of the press, as no man would be 
 31st Charles II., and afterwards 1 James, obliged to register his copy unless he 
 to 6 William and Mary, which was near pleased, and without the author’s leave 
 thirty years, the public was so far from it could not be done at all. 
 
 A proposal for restraining the great Licentiousness of the 
 
 Press throughout Great Britain, and for redressing the many 
 abuses and mischiefs thereof. Humbly submitted to the House 
 of Commons of Great Britain by W. Mascall, gent. [London, 
 n. d.] Broadside, 12 in. by 16 in. 
 
 Briefly epitomised, the following were publishing all books, pamphlets, and pa- 
 the proposals : — That offices should be pers. That all books, pamphlets, songs, 
 erected and registrars appointed for ballads, and papers, shall be entered at 
 taking cognisance of the printing and the offices one day before publication, 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 129 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 except newspapers, which were to be 
 entered on the day of their publication. 
 One copy of everything printed to be 
 left at the office of registration. In- 
 fringements to be punished by disabling 
 the printer from following his trade for 
 a certain number of years, and by the 
 infliction of a fine. Every printer, letter- 
 founder, and press-maker, to enter with 
 a statement on oath the number of his 
 printing-presses, the weight of his letters, 
 and the extent of other utensils possessed. 
 
 That the number of newspapers was a 
 public nuisance and mischief, and as the 
 revenue they got from advertisements 
 was their chief support, the privilege of 
 publishing advertisements to be vested 
 in the register offices. That all money 
 obtained through the provisions of this 
 Bill should be appropriated to the main- 
 tenance of the Royal Hospital at Green- 
 wich : a proposal as modest as it was 
 equitable. Greenwich Hospital was 
 established in 1695. 
 
 Proposals humbly offered to the consideration of the Honour- 
 able House of Commons for raising ^40,000, or upwards, per 
 annum, by laying additional duties on all foreign papers and 
 pasteboards imported, and on all sorts of papers and pasteboards, 
 called mill’d boards, made in Great Britain. [London, n. d.] 
 Single sheet, 9 in. by 14 in. ; printed on both sides. 
 
 Recites various reasons against the paper-mills, making about 530,000 reams 
 passing of this tax, and states incidentally per annum. The memorial states that it 
 that there were annually imported into is “ humbly proposed by Richard Parker 
 England 120,000 reams of paper ; that and partner.” 
 there were in this country about 200 
 
 The case of the Paper Makers of Great Britain. [London, 
 
 n. d.] Broadside, 9 in. by 14 m. 
 
 This document sets out that paper- almanacks, which was another great loss 
 making in England had been brought to and impoverishment to the business. It 
 great perfection and employed several was prayed that a protective duty should 
 thousands of poor families, but there be laid on foreign paper and scale- 
 were great hardships towards the manu- boards ; at the same time, the duty on 
 facturers, and the proposed tax would be home-manufactured paper to be lowered, 
 likely to ruin the business completely. Rags, it was proposed, should be im- 
 Among the hardships instanced were the ported duty free. The paper on which 
 great duty laid the preceding year on the memorial was printed was stated to 
 cards, so that not above one-twentieth of be of English manufacture, and is a very 
 the quantity was then made. That in good quality of hand-made printing, 
 the previous year a duty was laid on 
 
 Considerations relating to the intended Duties on Paper, 
 
 humbly submitted to the Honourable House of Commons. [Lon- 
 don, n. d.]. Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 States that the duty on paper, which to as much as 30 per cent, on some quali- 
 before the last war was only 5 per cent., ties, and would suppress to a great ex- 
 had since, by several additional duties, tent the printing of useful books and be 
 been advanced to 20 per cent. , and had a great discouragement to learning, 
 proved a great hindrance to the printing N otwithstanding these remonstrances 
 of many valuable books. The then in- the duty was laid on paper March 8, 
 tended additional duties would amount 1697. 
 
 By the Queen [Anne]. A Proclamation for restraining the 
 
 spreading of false news, and printing irreligious and seditious 
 papers. [March 26th, 1702.] 1 sheet broadside. 
 
 Queen Anne ascended the throne on the 8th March, 1702. About this time 
 there was trouble with the Jacobites, for while the Adjuration Oath was taken 
 by the House of Commons the Jacobites managed to evade it. 
 
 VOL. II. S 
 
130 Bibliography of Printmg. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers 
 
 Mrs. James’s reasons that printing may not be a free trade, 
 
 because it is not for the peace of the kingdom, nor the good of 
 the people, and there’s not any body that loves the welfare of the 
 kingdom that can be for it : the Lord give your honours wisdom 
 and power to withstand all the gain sayers. [London.] January 
 17, 1704. A broadside, on a sheet of foolscap folio. 
 
 Mrs. Eleanor James’s views were, 
 that regulating Printing would be a very 
 good work, for “ there’s not anything can 
 corrupt the minds of the generality of 
 
 1 )eople more than vain books and pamph- 
 ets, and printing ought not to be a free 
 trade, for it is an art and mystery.” The 
 writer goes on to say that Queen Eliza- 
 beth foresaw “ the inconvenience of 
 printers being numerous, and confined 
 them at the beginning, and gave such 
 privileges and advantages to journey- 
 men, whereby they might maintain their 
 families handsomely, and not to covet to 
 be masters, but they, using these advan- 
 tages only to drink and corrupt them- 
 selves and neglect their business, lost it. 
 And now they have great prices, and 
 may, if they are good husbands, live 
 better than many of the masters. Great 
 numbers of printers must needs be very 
 destructive to the kingdom by reason 
 that all that set up take apprentices, 
 and then their necessity makes them do 
 anything that offers to employ them.” 
 Mrs. James beseeches the Parliament 
 
 “to restrain men from being unjust, for 
 there is no reason any man should set up 
 a printing house that has not served 
 seven years to the trade. As I am for 
 the right of the bookseller so am I also 
 for the right of the printer. Therefore 
 I humbly entreat that booksellers and 
 stationers should not, directly nor indi- 
 rectly set up printing houses, for indeed 
 the printer has nothing to live upon but 
 his printing, when booksellers and sta- 
 tioners have their several employments 
 to live on. ... At the first beginning 
 of printing the whole trade centered in 
 the printer, but since it has been divided 
 into three branches printing is the pecu- 
 liar privilege of the printer.” The 
 authoress adds, “ God Almighty give 
 your honours wisdom to finish this great 
 undertaking ; then would you, like an- 
 gels, appear beautiful.” 
 
 Mrs. Eleanor James was the widow 
 of John James (q. v.), and was, after her 
 husband’s death, for some time City 
 Printer. 
 
 8 Anne, cap. 19. An Act for the encouragement of learning, 
 
 by vesting the copies of printed books in the authors or pur- 
 chasers of such copies during the times therein mentioned. [1709.] 
 
 The preamble states that “ printers, 
 booksellers, and other persons, have of 
 late frequently taken the liberty of print- 
 ing, reprinting, and publishing books and 
 other writings without the consent of the 
 authors or proprietors, to their very great 
 detriment, and too often to the ruin of 
 them and their families.” For preventing 
 such practices and for the encouragement 
 of learned men to compose and write 
 useful books, it was enacted that after 10th 
 April, 1710, the authors of books already 
 printed, who have not transferred their 
 rights, and the booksellers, &c. , who have 
 purchased copies, shall have the sole 
 right of printing them for the term of 
 twenty-one years, and the authors of 
 books not printed to have the sole 
 right of printing them for fourteen 
 years. If any other bookseller, printer, 
 or other person whatsoever, should print, 
 
 reprint, or import without the consent of 
 the proprietors “first had and obtained in 
 writing, signed in the presence of two or 
 more credible witnesses, they should 
 forfeit the book or books, all and every 
 sheet and sheets, to the proprietors of the 
 copy, who shall forthwith damage and 
 make waste paper of them. And further 
 that every such offender and offenders 
 shall forfeit one penny (sic) for every 
 sheet which shall be found in his, her, 
 or their custodj’-,” the one moiety to go to 
 the Queen’s most excellent majesty, and 
 the other to any person who should sue 
 for the same, “ to be recovered in any of 
 her Majesty’s courts of Eecord at West- 
 minster, by action of debt, bill, plaint, or 
 information, in which no wager of law, 
 essoin, privilege, or protection, or more 
 than one imparlance shall be allowed.” 
 Copies of books to be entered before 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 131 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 publication in the Register Book of the 
 Company of Stationers, which might be 
 inspected at any time without fee. The 
 clerk of the Company to give a certificate 
 of such entry. A penalty of .£20 was im- 
 posed upon the clerk in the event of his 
 refusing. 
 
 The most remarkable feature of this 
 Act, however, and one which has hitherto 
 escaped attention on the part of the 
 historians of printing, is that after 25th 
 March, 17x0, the prices of books were to 
 be settled by authority. It was enacted 
 that if any bookseller or printer should 
 set a price upon, or sell, or expose to sale, 
 any books at such a price or rate as shall 
 be conceived by any persons to be too 
 high and unreasonable, it should be lawful 
 to make complaint thereof before the 
 Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, the 
 Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the 
 Great Seal, the Lord Bishop of London, 
 the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of 
 Queen’s Bench, of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, the Lord Chief Baron of the 
 Court of Exchequer, the Vice-Chancellors 
 of the two Universities, the Lord 
 President of the Sessions, the Lord 
 Justice General, the Lord Chief Baron of 
 the Exchequer (Scotland), the Rector of 
 the College of Edinburgh, or any one of 
 them ; and that each of the before-named 
 should have full power and authority, from 
 
 time to time, to send for, summon, or call 
 before him the bookseller or printer, and to 
 examine and enquire of the reason of the 
 “dearness and inhancement” of the price, 
 of such books, and if it should be found 
 that the price was too high or unreason- 
 able then they should have “ power and 
 authority to reform and redress the 
 same,” and to limit and settle the 
 price of such books from time to time, 
 according to the best of their judg- 
 ments, and as to them should seem 
 just and reasonable. If the bookseller 
 or printer altered the price thus set, 
 he was to pay costs to the party com- 
 plaining ; and if the price was raised the 
 printer or bookseller was to forfeit £5 for 
 every such book .sold, one half to go to 
 the Queen, the other half to the informer. 
 
 After 10th April nine copies of each 
 book were to be delivered to the Stationers’ 
 Company, for the libraries following : the 
 Royal Library, the Oxford and Cambridge 
 University Libraries, the four University 
 Libraries in Scotland, Sion College, and 
 the Advocates’ Library at Edinburgh. 
 This Act was not to hinder the importation 
 of books in Greek, Latin, or any foreign 
 language printed abroad. 
 
 After the fourteen years the right of 
 printing, &c., to return to the author for 
 other fourteen years. 
 
 — A certain and necessary Method of Regulating the Press, 
 which will hinder and deter the daily Insolence of false, malitious, 
 and seditious Libels, by an easy discovery of their Authors, 
 Printers, and Publishers. Designed for the service of her 
 Majesty’s late gratious message to the Honourable House of Com- 
 mons, and their resolutions in their address, and votes concerning 
 the same. [London, n. d.] A broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 It was proposed that a registrar should 
 be appointed by Act of Parliament, who 
 should enter the title of pamphlets, 
 books, &c. ; that no book, &c., be 
 printed but at a licensed printing house, 
 by persons bred to the printing trade. 
 It was represented that the licensing 
 
 system would continue and secure “the 
 quiet and honour of her Majesty and 
 her subjects, by deterring and suppress- 
 ing false, malicious, and seditious 
 libels, as well as a considerable revenue, 
 which would arise from the profits of 
 entering so many books,” &c. 
 
 Reasons humbly offered for the Bill for Encouragement of 
 
 Learning and for securing the property of Copies of Books to the 
 rightful owners thereof. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The object is to show that piracy is who pirate other men’s copies without 
 detrimental to the interests alike of giving any encouragement to the au- 
 authors, publishers, and printers, and to thors, who best deserve it.” 
 
 “prevent the corrupt practices of those 
 
132 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 Reasons humbly offered for the Bill for Encouragement of 
 
 Learning and for securing the property of Copies of Books to the 
 rightful owners thereof. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 An appeal for greater protection to the interests of owners of copyrights 
 copyrights, and a protest against “the were better protected “learned men 
 corrupt practices now much used by per- will be wholly discouraged from cultivat- 
 sons who reprint books without the con- ing the most useful parts of knowledge 
 sent of the authors or proprietors of the and literature, and purity of printing be 
 copies.” It was represented that unless in time entirely destroyed.” 
 
 10 Anne, cap. 19. An Act for laying several duties upon all 
 
 Soap and Paper made in Great Britain or imported into the same 
 .... and upon several kinds of Stamped Vellum, Parchment, 
 and Paper, and upon certain Printed Papers, Pamphlets, and 
 Advertisements, for raising the sum of ,£1,800,000, by way of 
 Lottery, towards Her Majesty’s supply, &c. [1711.] 
 
 Section 32 re-enacts the duty on paper, one sheet was to be brought to the stamp 
 &c., imported, for 32 years, from 24 June, office within six days after printing; if 
 1712, and made perpetual by 3 George the duty were not paid, the author was to 
 I., c. 7, sec. 1. The names of the different lose all property in the work, 
 papers imported are interesting, but too Section 113. Pamphlets to have the 
 long to be reprinted here. printer’s or publisher’s name printed 
 
 Section 101 deals with pamphlets and thereon ; penalty for neglect, ^20. 
 newspapers, and imposes a stamp-duty Pamphlets unsold were to be cancelled 
 of one halfpenny per half-sheet, and by the Commissioner, which explains the 
 a penny for a whole sheet. Larger present scarcity of publications of this 
 pamphlets up to six sheets in octavo, or period, 
 
 twelve sheets in quarto, or 20 sheets in iBy section 33 a duty of 30 per cent, ad 
 folio, were to pay at the rate of 2S. sterling valorem was laid on imported books or 
 for every sheet. Upon advertisements a prints. 
 
 duty of one shilling each was levied. A This latter provision was taken off by 
 printed copy of every pamphlet above 12 Anne, cap. 2. 
 
 The Printers’ Case humbly submitted to the consideration of 
 
 the Honourable the House of Commons. [London, n. d.] 
 Broadside, 9 m. by 14 m. 
 
 It was represented that the duty ot That the proposal would tempt the 
 one penny on a half-sheet, and two- poorer printers to do any kind of ob- 
 pence upon a sheet of every paper and jectionable work for any one who would 
 pamphlet, was not intended as a method pay for it. That the intended tax upon 
 for preventing libels, because a remedy paper would amount to nearly 30 per 
 for the latter was proposed by obliging cent, ad valorem. Reference was made 
 the bookseller and printer of every to the document next to be cited, and 
 paper to set their names and places of assurances given that the printers were 
 abode to such papers. That the tax themselves heartily disposed to correct 
 would strangle the Press, and two-thirds all abuses in their trade, 
 of the existing printers would be ruined. 
 
 — The Printers’ Proposals for a Regulation of the Press. 
 
 [London, n. d.] Broadside, 9 in. by 14 m. 
 
 The printers proposed that all printing- bottom of the first page of every sheet, 
 presses should be registered, with the under a penalty. Title-pages always to 
 names and addresses of their owners ; contain the name of some registered 
 also the rooms in which those presses printer. Printers to be responsible for 
 were set up. Every printer to have a the matter they printed. Counterfeiting 
 particular trade-mark, which should be a printer’s mark to be an indictable 
 also registered, which said mark he shall offence. No persons to be entitled to 
 always be obliged to print visibly at the register a press who had not themselves 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 133 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 served seven years’ apprenticeship to the book whatever whose authorship was 
 trade, or were the widows or children of anonymous should be permitted to be 
 such. The printers objected also to a printed, 
 proposition that had been made, that no 
 
 — Reasons humbly submitted to the Honourable House of Com- 
 mons against laying a Duty on Newspapers and Pamphlets. 
 [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 It was submitted that if the House 
 laid a duty of id. on each printed half- 
 sheet, and 2d. on each whole sheet on all 
 pamphlets, which would amount to 
 £4. 3s. 4d. on every ream of paper, that 
 no paper or books coming under the 
 denomination of pamphlets could con- 
 tinue to be printed, or that any others, 
 however useful, could be brought out 
 in future. That “ our English paper- 
 makers, though daily improving, are not 
 yet arrived to so much wealth and per- 
 
 fection as to make papers in large quan- 
 tities and good enough for the printing 
 any voluminous books.” That this pro- 
 hibiting pamphlets would be an encour- 
 agement to the Dutch, and be the 
 destruction of many hundreds of fami- 
 lies, such as papermakers, stationers, 
 printers, and booksellers, and thousands 
 of others. 
 
 Newspapers were first burdened with 
 a stamp duty in December, 1713. 
 
 Appellants’ and Respondents’ Cases in the Appeal to the 
 
 House of Lords, 1717, respecting the Printing of Bibles and 
 Prayer Books in Scotland. London: 1717. 
 
 At this time John Baskett, one of the through the importation of English 
 King’s printers, held a patent for print- Bibles into Scotland, which led to this 
 ing copies of Bibles and prayer books, action. In the result both printers were 
 James Watson ( q . v.), as the printer to adjudged privileged to print both Bibles 
 the University of Edinburgh, was en- and prayer books. Watson, however, 
 titled to a similar privilege in regard to shortly after relinquished this part of his 
 Scotland. A conflict of interests arose business and came to London. 
 
 — - 8 George II., cap. 13. An Act for the encouragement of the 
 arts of Designing, Engraving, and Etching historical and other 
 prints, by vesting the properties thereof in the inventors and 
 engravers during the time therein mentioned. [1735.] 
 
 The preamble recites that “whereas 
 divers persons have by their own genius, 
 industry, pains, and expense, invented 
 and engraved, or worked in mezzotinto or 
 chiaroscuro, sets of historical and other 
 prints, in hope to have reaped the sole 
 benefit of their labours ; and whereas 
 print sellers and other persons have of late, 
 without the consent of the inventors, 
 designers, and proprietors of such prints, 
 frequently taken the liberty of copying, 
 engraving, and publishing . . . base copies 
 
 of such works, designs, and prints, to the 
 very great prejudice and detriment of 
 the inventors, designers, and proprietors 
 thereof,” after June 24, 1735, the property 
 in historical and other books was vested 
 in the author for a period of fourteen 
 years. 
 
 The author’s or proprietor’s name was 
 directed to be affixed to every book. 
 
 Unauthorised persons printing a copy- 
 right book to be punished by having the 
 sheets so printed confiscated. 
 
 12 George II., cap. 36. An Act for prohibiting the Impor- 
 tation of Books reprinted abroad, and first composed or written 
 and printed in Great Britain ; and for repealing so much of an 
 Act made in the eighth year of the reign of her late Majesty 
 Queen Anne as empowers the limiting the prices of books. [1739.] 
 
 A penalty of £5 and double the value except books not printed or reprinted in 
 was imposed on persons importing for this. kingdom within twenty years. This 
 sale books first written and printed in Act repealed the Act 8 Anne, cap. 19, 
 this kingdom and reprinted abroad ; which regulated the prices of books. 
 
134 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 20 George II., cap. 47. An Act for continuing several laws 
 
 for prohibiting the Importation of Books reprinted abroad, and 
 first composed or written and printed in Great Britain .... 
 (The remainder of the title has no connection with printing. ) [ 1 747. ] 
 The Act 12 George II., c. 36, for prohibiting the importation of books, &c., 
 was continued till 29th September, 1754, and further continued by 27 George II., 
 c. 18, and again by 33 George II., c. 16. 
 
 27 George II., cap. 18. An Act to continue several laws for 
 
 prohibiting the Importation of Books reprinted abroad, and 
 first composed or written and printed in Great Britain .... 
 (The remainder of the title has no connection with printing. ) [1 754. ] 
 Part of 12 George II., c. 36, continued by 20 George II., c. 47, further continued 
 to 29th September, 1760, and again by 33 George II., c. 16. 
 
 Considerations in relation to the Composition on Cards, 
 
 humbly submitted to the Honourable House of Commons. 
 [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 It was represented that nine-tenths of manufacture would suffer, and the Eng- 
 the cards made were sold from 6s. to lish paper manufacture, which was the 
 24s. per gross, and even the cheapest of middle of the cards, would be prejudiced, 
 these would by the proposed duty be while the importation of the Genoa 
 compelled, to pay £3. 12s. tax. This, it white paper with which the cards are 
 was submitted, would destroy nearly the covered would be much diminished, and 
 whole of the trade, for cards then bought that his Majesty would lose as much 
 for threepence would cost tenpence or a paper duty as the clear duty on the cards 
 shilling. That all who depended on the sold would amount to. 
 
 The case of the Merchants importing Genoa Paper, the 
 
 Stationers, Haberdashers of Smallware, the English Paper- 
 makers, and Card-makers, in relation to the intended Duty on 
 Cards, humbly submitted to the Honourable House of Commons. 
 [London, n.d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 The purport of this memorial was were then 150 paper mills in England, on 
 similar to that of the preceding. It was an average each making annually 400 
 stated that cards varied in prices from ‘ ‘ rheams ” ; one-fourth used in the ordi- 
 6s. to 50s. per gross, and that by this nary cards. The duties on Genoa paper, 
 intended imposition the cheapest would being tenpence per “ rheam ” on an 
 pay a duty equal to thirteen times their importation of 40,000, came to about 
 prime cost. It was computed that there ,£1,700 annually. 
 
 Reasons humbly offered to the Honourable House of Com- 
 mons by the Company of Cardmakers against the tax upon Play- 
 ing-Cards. [London, n. d.] Broadside, fcap. folio. 
 
 It was stated that there were in Lon- the pack ; that the generality of them 
 don and the neighbourhood about one were poor men, &c. 
 
 hundred master card-makers, who The Act for laying a duty on playing- 
 mostly sold to the retailers at about iid. cards was passed April 7, 1756. 
 
 Reasons for altering the new duty of thirty per cent. , ad valorem , 
 
 upon books imported to a duty of twelve shillings per hundred- 
 weight, humbly offered- to the Honourable House of Commons. 
 [London, n. d.] Fcap. folio, pp. ii. 
 
 Complains that the duty hindered the of what were formerly brought into the 
 importation of books in so large a degree kingdom. The intention of the new duty 
 that in the preceding half-year there was to prevent books being printed 
 were not imported above one-fourth part abroad for the English market. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 135 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 33 George II., cap. 16. An Act to continue several laws 
 
 therein mentioned, relating to ... . the prohibiting the Im- 
 portation of Books reprinted abroad, and first composed, 
 written, and printed in Great Britain. [The omitted portions of 
 the title do not refer to printing.] [1760.] 
 
 This Act continued the preceding one (27 Geo. II., cap. 18) from the date of its 
 expiration to 29th September, 1767. 
 
 I George III., cap. 2. An Act for granting an Aid to his 
 
 Majesty by a Land Tax, to be raised in Great Britain, for the 
 service of the year 1761. [1761.] 
 
 Persons having shares in Stocks for printing books in the King’s Printing-house, 
 &c., to pay to the Land Tax so much in the pound of the yearly value thereof. 
 
 Letter, signed Alexander Donaldson, bookseller, dated St. 
 
 Paul’s Churchyard, 25th May, 1774. London. Fcap. folio, 
 pp. 2. 
 
 Complains that “a Bill for vesting in to be read on the 27th inst., and prays 
 certain London booksellers a monopoly of that the House will reject it. The 
 fourteen years of all the literature of author appears to be one of those who 
 this kingdom, from the invention of the were politely called “pirates.” 
 art of printing to this present time,” was 
 
 36 George III., cap. 8. An Act for more effectually pre- 
 venting seditious meetings and assemblies. [1795.] 
 
 Recites and continues previous Acts. Repealed by 32 & 33 Viet., c. 24, sec. 1. 
 
 — ■ 39 George III., cap. 79. An Act for the more effectual 
 suppression of societies established for seditious and treasonable 
 purposes, and for better preventing treasonable and seditious prac- 
 tices. [12 July, 1799.] 
 
 About this time the country was 
 alarmed by the formation of certain so- 
 called seditious societies, and this Act 
 was passed. It provided, inter alia, that 
 all printers, letter-founders, and makers 
 or sellers of types and printing presses, 
 should be registered ; that the name 
 and abode of the printer should be 
 printed on every book or paper ; that all 
 printers should keep one copy of every 
 
 paper printed by them, and write thereon 
 the name and abode of their employer ; 
 that no one should part with or expose to 
 view any printed paper without the name 
 of the printer being thereon ; and that 
 any justice of the peace might empower 
 a peace officer to search for and seize 
 suspected presses. Repealed in part by 
 32 & 33 Viet., c. 24, sec. 1 ; and the 
 Statute Law Revision Act, 1871. 
 
 — To the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Townshend, one 
 of his Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State. [London, circa 
 1800.] 
 
 A two-page address, unsigned, pasted 
 inside our copy of Rowe Mores’s “Disser- 
 tation upon English Typographical 
 Founders.” The writer represents that he 
 is a printer. “ I have the misfortune of 
 being brought up to this business.” He 
 thinks that his Lordship “ may not be 
 altogether insensible of the hardships 
 and the temptations a young beginner in 
 Printing may meet with from the disaf- 
 fected, and how hard it is for such men 
 to subsist whose natural inclinations are 
 to be truly loyal and truly honest, and 
 
 at the same time want employ, while the 
 disaffected printers flourish and have 
 more than they can dispatch.” On this 
 account he had taken steps in order that 
 his Lordship would be pleased to get 
 him admitted as an “ Extraordinary 
 Messenger.” 
 
 The complainant urges that there are 
 altogether too many printers in London. 
 That it had been thought fit by an order 
 of Council in the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth that there should be no more than 
 thirty printing-houses in the City of 
 
i3 6 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 London and Westminster, one at Ox- 
 ford, and one at Cambridge. That by 
 this means “ the State had them always 
 under its eye, and knew presently where 
 to find those printers whom any way 
 disturbed or offended her.” He thinks 
 that although it would be impossible to 
 reduce the large number that had since 
 sprung up, those persons should “ be 
 ut down ” who had not been regularly 
 ound to the trade. On the back is “a 
 compleat and private List of printing- 
 offices in London ” and “in the several 
 corporation towns in England.” From 
 this we learn that there were tliirty-two 
 4 ‘ known to be well affected to his 
 Majesty King George ” ; the names are 
 given of thirty-four persons, “ said to 
 be high-flyers ” ; three who were non- 
 
 jurors, and four Roman Catholics. 
 There were published in London three 
 daily papers, six weekly, seven pub- 
 lished three times a week, and three 
 “ half-penny posts” published tri-weekly. 
 As regards the country, the following 
 towns had each two printing-houses : — 
 Norwich, Nottingham, Westchester, 
 Canterbury, Bristol, Shrewsbury, and 
 York ; while there was one each in 
 Stamford, Northampton, Gloucester, 
 Derby, Gosper, Chichester, Leicester, 
 Newcastle, Bury St. Edmunds, Salis- 
 bury, Winchester, Ipswich, Coventry, 
 Doncaster — total, twenty-one towns, 
 having twenty-eigbt printers. This state- 
 ment is of considerable statistical interest 
 when contrasted with the number of 
 printers now exercising the craft. 
 
 — 49 George III., cap. 69. An Act for Indemnifying Printers 
 from Penalties incurred in printing or publishing Papers or Books 
 without a full description of their place of abode. [1809.] 
 
 41 George III., cap. 90. An Act for the more speedy and 
 
 effectual recovery of Debts due to his Majesty, his heirs and 
 successors, in right of the Crown of the United Kingdom of 
 Great Britain and Ireland, and for the better administration of 
 Justice within the same. [2 July, 1801.] [1811.] 
 
 The Statutes of England and of Great and the statutes of Ireland prior to the 
 Britain, printed and published by the Union so printed and published shall in 
 King’s printer, shall be received as con- like manner be evidence in any court in 
 elusive evidence in any court in Ireland, Great Britain. 
 
 51 George III., cap. 65. An Act to explain and amend an 
 
 Act passed in the 39th year of his Majesty’s reign, intituled an 
 Act for the more effectual suppression of Societies established for 
 seditious and treasonable purposes, and for better preventing 
 treasonable and seditious practices, so for as respects certain 
 Penalties on Printers and Publishers. 
 
 Slightly amended and explained previous statutes. Repealed by 32 & 33 Viet., 
 
 54 George III., cap. 106. An Act to remove doubts as to 
 
 the allowance of Drawbacks upon Bibles and Books of Prayer to 
 the King’s Printers, under an Act passed in the 34th year of his 
 present Majesty. [23 July, 1814.] 
 
 The business of printing “ Bibles, them the same privileges for these ex- 
 Testaments, psalm-books, books of com- tensions to their office as they had enjoyed 
 mon prayer, confession of faith, or larger for the original establishment, 
 or shorter catechism,” having largely in- Removed doubts as to allowance of 
 creased, the King’s printers were com- drawbacks to King’s printers in regard 
 pelled to take other premises, in which to to paper duty on Bibles and Prayer- 
 carry on the work, and this Act secured books. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 37 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 • 55 George III., cap. ioi. An Act to regulate the collection 
 
 of Stamp Duties and matters in respect of which licences may 
 be granted by the Commissioners of Stamps in Ireland. [22 June, 
 1815.] 
 
 Section 13 enacts that no person shall keep any printing press or types in Ireland 
 without having first taken out a licence for that purpose from the Commissioner 
 of Stamps, persons selling presses and types also to take out licences. 
 
 60 George III. and 1 George IV., cap. 9. An Act to subject 
 
 certain Publications to the Duties of Stamps upon Newspapers, 
 and to make other Regulations for restraining the Abuses arising 
 from the Publication of blasphemous and seditious Libels. 
 [December 30th, 1819.] pp. 10. 
 
 This Act specified the kind of pamph- imposed for omitting to print the price 
 lets, &c., subject to the stamp duty and date of publication on periodicals, 
 upon newspapers, what quantity of paper No person to print or publish news- 
 was to be deemed a sheet, &c. Publica- papers or pamphlets without entering 
 tions at intervals exceeding twenty-six into recognisance or giving bond for 
 days were to be published on the first securing fines upon conviction for libel, 
 day of the month, or within two days Other stringent enactments followed, 
 before or after. Heavy penalties were 
 
 ii George IV. and 1 William IV., cap. 73. An Act to repeal 
 
 60 George III. , and to provide further remedy against the abuse 
 of publishing Libels. [1831.] 
 
 Report from the Select Committee on Printing done for the 
 
 House. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, 
 July loth, 1828. pp. 88. 
 
 The Minutes comprise the evidence of as giving a very detailed, and at the 
 Messrs. Luke Hansard, Luke Graves same time complimentary account of the 
 Hansard, Andrew Spottiswoode, M.P., relations which subsisted between Mr. 
 John Bowyer Nicholls, George Duck- Hansard and the House of Commons, 
 worth, J ohn Lewis Cox, Richard Gilbert, The report contains full details as to the 
 and George Woodfall, all master printers method of charging the printing done for 
 of eminence in London ; that of J. Rick- the House as practised in those days, 
 mann. Esq., who held a situation under and is a very interesting document for 
 the Speaker, being peculiarly interesting, printers. 
 
 6 & 7 William IV., cap. 76. An Act to reduce the duties on 
 
 newspapers and to amend the laws relating to the duties on 
 newspapers and advertisements. [1837.] 
 
 3 & 4 Vic., cap. 9. An Act to give summary protection to 
 
 persons employed in the Publication of Parliamentary Papers. 
 [14 April, 1840.] 
 
 Proceedings, civil or criminal, against Proceedings are also to be stayed 
 persons for the publication of papers when commenced in respect of a copy of 
 printed by order of Parliament are to be an authenticated report, 
 stayed upon delivery of a certificate and In proceedings for printing any ex- 
 affidavit to the effect that such publica- tract or abstract of a paper, it may be 
 tion is by order of either House of Par- shown that such extract was made bond 
 liament. Jide. 
 
 2 & 3 Vic., cap. 12. An Act to amend an Act of the 39th 
 
 year of King George III., for the more effectual suppression 
 of Societies established for seditious and treasonable purposes, 
 VOL. II. T 
 
138 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 and for preventing treasonable and seditious practices, and to put 
 an end to certain proceedings now pending under the said Act. 
 [4 June, 1839.] 
 
 A penalty was imposed upon printers for penalties were to be commenced, 
 for not printing their name and residence except in the name of the Attorney or 
 upon every paper and book, and on per- Solicitor - General in England, or the 
 sons publishing the same, but no actions Queen’s Advocate in Scotland. 
 
 5 & 6 Vic., cap. 82. An Act to assimilate the Stamp Duties 
 
 in Great Britain and Ireland, &c., and to make regulations for 
 collecting and managing the same until the 10th October, 1845. 
 [5 August, 1842.] 
 
 This Act made permanent the provisions cited in a previous Act as to licences for 
 keeping printing-presses in Ireland. 
 
 9 & 10 Vic., cap. 33. An Act to amend the laws relating 
 
 to corresponding Societies and the licensing of lecture-rooms. 
 [27 July, 1846.] 
 
 This Act provided that proceedings under 39 Geo. III., cap. 79, and 57 Geo. III., 
 cap. 19, should not be commenced unless in the name of the law officers of the 
 Crown. 
 
 Copy of Correspondence from the General Board of 
 
 Health to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, 
 relative to printing Official Reports in the octavo instead of the 
 folio form ; also Copy of the Observations by the Comptroller 
 of the Stationery Office, with the reply thereto by the Secretary 
 of the General Board of Health. Ordered by the House of 
 Commons to be printed, May 16th, 1849. pp. 28. 
 
 Mr. J. R. M'Culloch, Comptroller of which arise upon Mr. M'Culloch’s state- 
 lier Majesty’s Stationery Office, ex- ments and proposition, further than to 
 presses himself very decidedly in favour notice his recommendation that Reports 
 of a retention of the folio in preference should be submitted in manuscript, and 
 to the octavo form, but meets with a very that no correction should be allowed to 
 sharp refutation on this particular point be made in Reports in type. Accord- 
 (the difference in favour of octavo being ing to this view, whilst works of specu- 
 within a fraction of 28 per cent.) from the lation, or imagination, or amusement, are 
 Secretary to the General Board of subject to careful labour and correction^ 
 Health, who also further alludes to Mr. works involving questions of legislation, 
 M'Culloch’s memorandum in the follow- practically affecting the interests of large 
 ing terms : — “ The Board do not deem it masses of the community, may be dashed 
 requisite that I should enter into any off on the first intention l" 
 detailed examination of all the points 
 
 Report from the Select Committee on Newspaper Stamps; 
 
 together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of 
 Evidence, Appendix, and Index. Ordered by the House of 
 Commons to be printed, 18 July, 1851. 8vo. pp. xlii. 659. 
 
 Comprises a body of most interesting matter relating to copyright, taxation of 
 the Press, publishing, and printing. This Report led to the repeal of the Stamp Act. 
 
 16 & 17 Vic., cap. 59. An Act to repeal certain Stamp 
 
 Duties, and to grant others in lieu thereof, to amend the laws 
 relating to Stamp Duties, and to make perpetual certain Stamp 
 Duties in Ireland. [4 Aug. 1853.] 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 139 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 Report from the Select Committee of the House of Lords 
 
 appointed to consider the subject of Printing Papers for this 
 House, and to report thereon to the House ; together with the 
 Minutes of Evidence. Session 1854. Ordered to be printed* 
 June 26th, 1854. pp. 42. 
 
 The Committee addressed themselves Whether it is expedient that the Reports 
 to three points : — “ I. Whether any di- of Committees of this House and the 
 minution can be made of the expense of Evidence taken by them, and other 
 printing for this House. II. Whether Printed Papers, should be in an octavo 
 it is advisable that the House of Lords’ form instead of the folio form at present 
 Bills, Reports, and Printed Papers, in use.” 
 should be sold to the public ; and, III. 
 
 Report of the Select Committee appointed to consider the 
 
 cheapest, most expeditious, and most efficient mode of providing 
 for the Printing required for the Houses of Parliament and the 
 Public Service, with minutes of evidence. London: 1855. Folio, 
 pp. xxi. 273. 
 
 Contains record of a trial of speed be- ing under his system. With litho fac- 
 t ween Richard Clay’s selected compositor similes of proofs, &c., and other techni- 
 and some women or girl compositors cal matter of interest to printers and 
 selected by Major Beniowski, and work- publishers. 
 
 20 & 21 Vic., cap. 83. An Act for more effectually prevent- 
 ing the sale of obscene books, pictures, prints, and other articles. 
 [25 August, 1857.] 
 
 Justices may authorise search of suspected premises, and there are provisions for 
 the security of those whose duty it is to carry out the enactment. 
 
 Children’s Employment Commission. [1862.] Fifth Report of 
 
 the Commissioners, with Appendix. Presented to. both Houses 
 of Parliament by command of Her Majesty. London : 1866. 
 pp. 224. 
 
 Comprises among other reports on large number of offices in London, Liver- 
 different trades that of Mr. H. W. Lord, pool, Manchester, Cambridge, &c., from 
 on printers, bookbinders, manufacturing employers and employed in the various 
 stationers, &.C., and evidence taken at a trades enumerated. 
 
 — Tenth Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into 
 the Organization and Rules of Trades Unions and other Associa- 
 tions ; together with Minutes of Evidence. Presented to both 
 Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, 28th July, 
 1868. London : 1868. Folio, pp. 120. 
 
 On the 12th February, 1867, in con- 
 sequence of the Trade Union outrages 
 which had just previously taken place at 
 Sheffield, a Royal Commission was is- 
 sued “ to inquire into and to report on the 
 organization and rules of trades unions 
 and other associations, whether of work- 
 men or employers.” The Commissioners 
 were : — Sir W. Erie, the Earl of Lich- 
 field, Lord Elcho, Sir E. W. Head, Sir D. 
 Gooch, and Messrs. Herman Merivale, 
 J. Booth, J. A. Roebuck, Thos. Hughes, 
 and W. Mathews. The sittings took place 
 
 during June and July, 1868 ; and on the 
 28th of the latter month the report above 
 cited was presented to Parliament. 
 
 The following were the specific ques- 
 tions taken into consideration by the 
 Commissioners : — 
 
 “ I. The history, organization, and 
 objects of the trades unions or associa- 
 tions (whether of workmen or employers) 
 now in operation. II. The action of 
 such associations with respect to — (1) 
 The regulation of wages and hours of 
 labour; (2) The supply of -workmen 
 
140 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 (stipulations as to non-members, appren- 
 tices, &c.) ; (3) The conditions of labour 
 (piece-work, overtime, &c.) ; (4) Strikes 
 or lock-outs. III. The effects of the 
 action of such associations upon — (x) 
 Trade ; (2) The social condition of work- 
 men ; (3) The individual relations of 
 employers and workmen. IV. The prac- 
 ticability of establishing courts of arbi- 
 tration. V. The working of co-operative 
 societies and industrial partnerships. 
 VI. The adjustment of the law affecting 
 trade associations." 
 
 On these points a mass of authentic 
 information was procured, and the Report 
 forms an interesting contribution to the 
 current history of the Printing trade. 
 We pass by the evidence of those wit- 
 nesses who were not connected with 
 Printing. 
 
 On the 22nd July Mr. George Levey, 
 a member of the Master Printers’ Asso- 
 ciation, was examined. In reply to ques- 
 tions, this gentleman stated that the asso- 
 ciation was instituted in its then existing 
 state mainly in consequence of the com- 
 positors’ Union having during an interval 
 of abeyance of the Committee of Master 
 Printers acquired very considerable 
 power, which they were beginning to 
 use very unpleasantly. 1'here were pre- 
 vious temporary associations in the shape 
 of a Committee of masters, that were ap- 
 pointed on each special occasion when 
 the men required, as they did at various 
 times, an increase of wages in conse- 
 quence of the gradually increasing price 
 of provisions and the price of labour 
 throughout the country generally. The 
 masters met together and agreed, as the 
 representatives of the trade, to confer with 
 committees of the men similarly consti- 
 tuted, a few of them being appointed to 
 confer with the masters. The last great 
 revision of the Scale took place in 1847 • 
 after that period there was an interval of 
 quiescence. Soon after that the masters’ 
 society fell into abeyance, but during the 
 whole of this period the organization of 
 the men was being concentrated, and 
 extending over a larger and larger num- 
 ber of the compositors. About 1851 
 to 1854 the compositors in the union were 
 making demands upon the masters in 
 different houses, and it was thought 
 desirable that there should be a combined 
 body for the purpose of examining these 
 demands and resisting them when neces- 
 sary. Accordingly the Association was 
 resuscitated. As the men seemed to 
 hesitate very considerably about defer- 
 ring to the decision of the masters, and 
 
 various questions arose which it was 
 found rather difficult to settle without 
 reference to a court of law— that being 
 thought very undesirable — a Court of 
 Arbitration was formed. It was not a 
 permanent court, but when the commit- 
 tees of the masters and the men respec- 
 tively arrived at different conclusions, 
 and there was no possibility of settling 
 the matter but by reference to a court of 
 law, this arbitration committee was to be 
 called in. It was to consist of three 
 journeymen, neither of whom was in- 
 terested in the question at issue, and 
 three masters, also disinterested ; and it 
 was to be presided over by a barrister. 
 The evidence was to be produced to this 
 court, and if the result was that a 
 majority of the six decided in any way 
 their decision was absolute ; but if the 
 trade feeling and the personal feeling 
 were so strong that the three masters re- 
 mained of the same opinion as that with 
 which they commenced their negotia- 
 tion, and the three journeymen re- 
 mained so too, then the barrister who 
 had heard the whole of the evidence was 
 to decide the question according to his 
 judgment. This barrister was mutually 
 selected by the masters and men, and 
 was appointed for twelve months. The 
 arbitration court met upon three occa- 
 sions only. The first two questions sub- 
 mitted were decided without reference 
 to the barrister, and in each case in 
 favour of the journeymen. The third 
 case, which was a very important one 
 was debated for a great many hours, and 
 ultimately decided by the barrister in 
 favour of the masters. As far as this 
 special case was concerned his decision 
 was considered conclusive, and acted 
 upon. The following month the com- 
 ositors said, “The arbitration court 
 ave decided that case, but we cannot 
 hold it as a rule for future cases ; ” and 
 in regard to a similar claim commenced 
 proceedings which were carried from the 
 Court of Exchequer, at Guildhall, to the 
 Court of Error, and the judges finally 
 decided against the masters. This was 
 in 1858, and there had never been any 
 arbitration court from that time forward. 
 The rest of Mr. Levey’s evidence had 
 reference to the rate of wages that pre- 
 vailed at the time. He concluded by 
 expressing an opinion, that, “ If every 
 trade had its masters’ committee and 
 workmen’s committee for mutual confer- 
 ence, and its distinct legal arbitration 
 court for ultimate decision, on something 
 of the same principles as those proposed 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 141 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 by the printers of London, nearly all the 
 evils of trade-unions would be removed, 
 and their operation might become bene- 
 ficial to both the respective trades and 
 the community at large.” 
 
 On the same day Mr. C. W. H. 
 Wvman, Chairman of the Association of 
 Master Printers of London, was examined. 
 A considerable portion of his evidence 
 bore upon the failure of the arbitration 
 scheme through the repudiation -of its 
 decisions by the men. He advocated 
 the establishment of a court of the kind, 
 and showed the practical inconveniences 
 which had arisen since it had been allowed 
 to fall into desuetude. An important 
 trade question arose in 1866 in which 
 the employers got on very well in a con- 
 ference with certain delegates chosen by 
 the compositors, but when the delegates 
 went to a general meeting of their 
 body— although there was every reason 
 to believe that whatever was accepted 
 by the representatives of the men at the 
 conference would be accepted by the 
 men generally — they were cast over by 
 their constituents; and documents showed 
 that at a meeting of the Union, called to 
 consider the question, there was such a 
 stormy state of feeling as rendered it 
 impossible to deliberate. The practical 
 result was, that wanting calmness and 
 discretion the decision of universal suf- 
 frage was less satisfactory than the 
 decision of the chosen delegates. Mr. 
 Wyman proceeded to point out how the 
 existence of the Scale facilitated the 
 establishment of a court of arbitration. 
 There were many masters who would be 
 glad to burn the Scale and destroy 
 unionism, and go in for free trade in 
 printing. There were disadvantages, he 
 considered, in the Scale, but they were 
 partly neutralized by the fact that the em- 
 ployers were accustomed to them. The 
 advantages were -that the masters knew 
 what they were to pay for their work 
 and also knew what their neighbours were 
 paying, and that governed them in giving 
 estimates ; besides which, the men were 
 prevented from constantly varying their 
 prices. If there were no Scale the 
 basis of arbitration would be extremely 
 undefined. In regard to the rise of 
 wages in 1867, which he thought just to 
 the compositors, Mr. Wyman said that, 
 nevertheless, he considered that the way 
 in which it was extorted was impolitic. 
 The masters were met in such a spirit 
 that it was a question of concession or 
 strike. The men got more wages, but at 
 the same time less work, so that in the re- 
 
 sult they were not wholly benefited, while 
 the masters were much worse off. The 
 subject of foreign and provincial competi- 
 tion with London printers was then gone 
 into, the witness producing a large body 
 of evidence to show that book-work was 
 being sent out of the metropolis to be 
 done in places where the rates of wages 
 were lower. Mr. Wyman concluded with 
 a series of propositions embodying a 
 summary of his evidence, which will be 
 found at p. 94 of the Report. He 
 was not prepared to abolish trade 
 unions and go in for free trade in print- 
 ing ; legal recognition should be accorded 
 to the unions, and the fulfilment of given 
 duties and responsibilities exacted ; rules 
 of unions should be examined by a 
 Government officer, and none sanctioned 
 which restricted the liberty of the master 
 to make his own arrangements with his 
 workmen and plant — the workmen to be 
 equally free, and at liberty to belong or 
 not to any society ; the separation of 
 funds subscribed for provident purposes 
 from those subscribed for trade purposes ; 
 one trade union should not be allowed to 
 vote its funds in support of another 
 trade union for any purpose whatever ; 
 the chairman and secretary for the time 
 being to be held personally liable for all 
 infractions of the law committed by the 
 union. The following “general consi- 
 derations ” were appended ; — • “ Trade 
 unions as at present constituted act in 
 restraint of trade, and have not on the 
 whole been productive of pecuniary 
 advantage to the workmen, while they 
 have diminished proper sympathy be- 
 tween employers and employed, as well 
 as individuality and enterprise in the 
 workman himself. Under their influence 
 the men have become more litigious, 
 they have at times exacted higher pay 
 than circumstances justified, but have not 
 always perm’anently benefited thereby, 
 having obtained more pay but less occu- 
 pation. Whereas the governing mem- 
 bers of trade-unions exercise apparently 
 unlimited powers of coercion for so-called 
 trade objects, they do not appear to use 
 their power to raise the morality, effi- 
 ciency, and social respectability of their 
 members as they might and could do. ■ 
 It should be made compulsory to refer 
 all trade disputes to arbitration.” 
 
 Subsequently, Mr. Benjamin Par- 
 don, member of the firm of printers in 
 Paternoster Row, was examined, chiefly 
 on the subject of Apprentices. He ob- 
 jected to the rule of the Machine- 
 minders’ society which provided that no 
 
142 
 
 Bibliography op Printing. 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 employer should be permitted to take 
 more than one apprentice for three jour- 
 neymen. There was also an unwholesome 
 restriction, he said, with regard to the 
 necessity for joining the Union, which 
 was made absolute. Mr. John Shreeve, 
 Secretary to the Printing-Machine Man- 
 agers’ Trade Society, on the other hand, 
 said that they did not hunt a man out of 
 a house because he was not a member of 
 their body; “all we look to is that he 
 has served his seven years to the busi- 
 ness ; he can either belong to the 
 society or not.” 
 
 Mr. W. H. B latch ley. Secretary of 
 the Printers’ Pressmen’s Society, who was 
 next examined, said that the object of 
 that body was to insist upon the Scale of 
 prices being carried out. That Scale was 
 agreed on at the same time as the com- 
 positors’ Scale was settled, and it is 
 contained in Hansard’s “Typographia.” 
 Such, however, had been the improve- 
 ment in printing since the time that the 
 Scale was made that sometimes even 
 double the original prices were agreed to. 
 When that Scale was made, wooden 
 presses were generally in vogue, and 
 what is now called “ making ready” was 
 hardly thought of. No coercive mea- 
 sures were adopted to compel persons 
 to belong to the trade society. Mr. 
 Blatchley was severely cross-examined 
 as to the meaning of “protecting” a 
 Scale which was continually altered, and 
 explained that he meant that they did not 
 work for less than Scale prices, but got as 
 much more as they possibly could. 
 
 Mr. Henry Self, Secretary of the 
 London Society of Compositors, who 
 was also examined on the same day, said 
 that the aim of the society was that 
 every member of the body should con- 
 sult the governing committee and be 
 guided by its decisions. The committee 
 did not take action to force men into con- 
 tests with their employers ; the initiative 
 was taken by the men themselves going 
 to the committee. In regard to the 
 arbitration court, he thought that it 
 
 should be accepted voluntarily, arid 
 
 afterwards the decisions should be 
 
 binding only on those who were 
 assenting parties. Mr. Self gave the 
 following sketch of the nature of 
 
 his Union : — Up to the year 1810 there 
 had been no real organization of the 
 London compositors, the men having 
 managed, by extemporising Committees 
 for any particular occasions, to meet the 
 masters, even so early as 1785. In 1810 
 was the chief settlement, and the Scale 
 
 was formed. Between then and 1816 
 there was no society of London composi- 
 tors. In that year an attempt by the 
 masters to lower the price of certain 
 work suggested the formation of an asso- 
 ciation to defend the Scale ; accordingly 
 an association was formed, but it did not 
 number many members. In 1820 another 
 association was formed of the daily news- 
 paper hands to defend their Scale. In 
 1826 a third society was formed, also to 
 defend the Scale of 1810, and the 1816 and 
 the 1826 societies were amalgamated in 
 1834, and became what was called the 
 London Union of Compositors, the 
 daily newspaper-hands still remaining a 
 separate society. The Union consisted 
 in 1834 of about 800 members, but in its 
 second year it amounted to about 1,700 
 members, and went on increasing from 
 time to time. Then it began to decrease 
 from various differences in the views of 
 the compositors themselves, and ulti- 
 mately another change was effected in 
 1844, when all the various typographical 
 associations throughout England, Ireland, 
 and Scotland, were united in one general 
 society, called the National Typogra- 
 phical Association, the country being 
 mapped out into districts, London forming 
 the south-eastern district. However, the 
 differences of feeling and the different 
 modes of payment and customs of the 
 provinces as compared with London soon 
 broke that up, and then the London 
 Society of Compositors as it is at present 
 constituted was formed in 1848. The 
 newspaper-hands’ society, which was es- 
 tablished in 1820, did not amalgamate 
 with the general society till 1853. The 
 first year of its existence it consisted of 
 about 1,000 members, and it had gradu- 
 ally gone on increasing in numbers, till 
 in 1868 it had about 3,300 men on the 
 books. When it was first started it was 
 organised upon the basis of a shifting 
 system of payment, men paid according 
 to their earnings. The maximum pay- 
 ment up to 1863 was 4d. per week, and 
 the minimum 2d. : but in that year, in 
 consequence of a change .effected in the 
 organization of the society and the mem- 
 bers determining that the whole area of 
 membership should be open to the receipt 
 of a certain amount of relief when un- 
 employed, the subscriptions were raised, 
 and the rates ran from 2d. to 6d. per 
 week. The society was governed by a 
 committee consisting of twelve persons 
 from the Book trade and two from the 
 News department. To that committee 
 all questions of dispute are referred, by 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 143 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 chapels sending down deputations to ask 
 the opinion of the committee, and the 
 latter have general governing powers and 
 give general advice. They are always 
 liable to have their judgments overruled 
 by a quarterly delegate meeting, or by a 
 general meeting of members. There is a 
 chief-secretary and an assistant-secretary, 
 who also acts as librarian and house- 
 keeper, the society renting premises for 
 itself. 
 
 Mr. Richard Lee, a member of the 
 compositors’ society, gave evidence with 
 the view of showing that the successive 
 increases in the Scale had not sent work 
 away from London. 
 
 Mr. Henry Self was further exam- 
 ined on the 24th July, chiefly with 
 
 reference to the sums paid by the so- 
 ciety for “defence of the Scale.” Mr. 
 Shreeve and Mr. Blatchley were 
 also re-examined, and Mr. C. W. H. 
 Wyman gave further evidence, replying 
 to some of the statements made by the 
 representatives of the men, and adducing 
 facts strengthening his position, as 
 above indicated. This closed the ex- 
 amination as far as the Printing business 
 was concerned. The Report abounds 
 with material for the careful consider- 
 ation both of employers and employed, 
 and is especially valuable from the fact 
 that all the witnesses spoke with the 
 authority of practical and official experi- 
 ence upon the several points involved. 
 
 Factory Acts Extension Act (1867) Modifications. Return to 
 
 an Address to the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 
 18th March, 1869, for “Return of the Applications for Modifica- 
 tions which have been made under the eleventh and twelfth clauses 
 of the Permanent Modifications of the Factory Acts Extension 
 Act, 1867 ; the manner in which such applications have been 
 dealt with, and the reasons for so dealing with them respectively.” 
 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 7th May, 1869. 
 Folio. 
 
 This is a paper contributed by Messrs, certain modifications of the hours. The 
 Redgrave and Baker, Inspectors under the Act seriously affecting letterpress printers, 
 Factory Acts. The Act of 1867 pre- they availed themselves of this provi- 
 scribed certain hours within which per- sion, and this paper gives the grounds 
 sons might legally work. These hours, upon which the different firms respec- 
 however, in many cases conflicted with lively applied for a modification, and the 
 the customary working hours of certain • result of those applications. Further 
 trades, and the regulation could not be particulars as to the movement in the 
 enforced without causing much incon- trade which enabled printers to obtain 
 venience and loss. It was thereupon these concessions will be found in this 
 decided by the Legislature that on due Bibliography, in the, course of the notes 
 proof of such inconvenience the Secretary relative to the proceedings of the Master 
 of State should be empowered to make Printers’ Association, s.v. “ Societies.” 
 
 — 32 & 33 Vic. cap. 24. An Act to Repeal certain enactments 
 relating to Newspapers, Pamphlets, and other Publications, and 
 to Printers, Type-Founders, and Reading-Rooms. [12 July, 1869.] 
 
 This Act repeals a number of previous 
 enactments relating to newspapers, 
 pamphlets, and other publications, and 
 to printers, type-founders, and reading- 
 rooms. The following is a list of these 
 Acts and the parts repealed : — 
 
 36 Geo. III. c. 8. Entirely. 
 
 39 „ „ 79- Sec. is-33> 34, and 39. 
 
 51 ,, >,65. The penalties on 
 
 Printers and Publishers. 
 
 55 Geo. III. c. 101. Sec. 13. 
 
 60 „ & 1 Geo. IV. c. 9. Entirely, 
 
 n Geo. IV. & 1 Wm. IV. c. 73. The 
 sentence of banishment for the se- 
 cond offence. 
 
 6 & 7 Wm. IV. c. 76. All except sec. 
 1-4, 34, 35, and the schedule. 
 
 2 & 3 Vic. c. 12. Entirely. 
 
 5 & 6 ,, ,,82. The words in sec. 20, 
 
 “ and also license to any person to 
 keep any Printing-Presses and Types 
 for printing in Ireland.” 
 
 9 & 10 Vic. c. 33. So far as it relates tp 
 the proceedings under enactment 
 now repealed. 
 
 16 & 17 Vic. c. 59. So much of sec. 20 
 as makes perpetual the provisions of 
 5 & 6 Vic. c. 82 now repealed. 
 
144 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Parliamentary Papers : — 
 
 33 & 34 Vic. cap. 65. An Act to amend the law relating to 
 
 Advertisements respecting Stolen Goods. [9 August, 1870.] 
 Whereas, under 24 & 25 Vic. c. 96, the kind shall be brought within six 
 sec. 102, any person who prints or pub- months after the forfeiture is incurred, 
 lishes advertisements for the return of and in no case without the assent in 
 stolen goods “without questions being writing of the Attorney or Solicitor- 
 asked ” forfeits £ 50 to the informer, it is General, 
 enacted that in future every action of 
 
 Report from the Select Committee on Public Departments 
 
 (purchases, &c.), together with the proceedings of the Committee, 
 Minutes of Evidence, Appendix, and Index. Ordered by the 
 House of Commons to be printed 18th July, 1873. Folio, 
 pp. xii. 786. 
 
 The voluminous evidence of Mr. W. R. Greg, Comptroller of Her Majesty’s 
 Stationery Office, presents a mass of very interesting facts in connection with the 
 supply of print, paper, and binding for the Houses of Parliament and the Public 
 Departments generally. 
 
 Reports of the Inspectors of Factories to Her Majesty’s 
 
 principal Secretary of State for the Home Department. Pre- 
 sented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her 
 Majesty. London : 1870. 8vo. 
 
 These Reports are published annually, adopt absolutely. Succeeding volumes 
 and furnish a large amount of reliable exemplify the results of recent legislation 
 statistics concerning most of the im- affecting the sanitary and educational 
 portant industries of the country. In the condition of the workpeople engaged in 
 volume for 1870, at pp. 12 et seq. y is a the printing business. The Reports are 
 succinct statement of the modifications written by Messrs. Alexander Redgrave 
 of the Factory Acts which printers may and Robert Baker. 
 
 — First Report of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery 
 Office. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of 
 
 Her Majesty. London : 1881. 
 
 A very concise but explicit report on 
 the establishment, duties, expenditure, 
 and receipts of H.M. Stationery Office, 
 written by Mr. T. Digby Piggott, the 
 Controller, and occupying 17 pages. 
 Mr. H. G. Reid, assistant Controller, 
 (in Appendix A) gives an interesting 
 account of “ the origin and growth of 
 the Stationery Office.” This document 
 shows that it was the duty of Horace 
 Walpole, as Usher of the Exchequer, to 
 furnish stationery for the Treasury and 
 
 8vo. pp. ii. 34. 
 
 Exchequer, and that the establishment 
 of a Stationery Office and the abolition 
 of Walpole’s sinecure was one of the 
 results of the Administrative Reform 
 Act carried by Mr. Burke when Pay- 
 master-General (under the Rockingham 
 Administration) in 1782. Walpole’s office 
 produced him ,£4,200 profit in the year 
 1780, as he admitted in a somewhat droll 
 “ Memoir ” relative to his income, which 
 he himself drew up to show the nature 
 of his duties and emoluments. 
 
 Park AS vreuchden, ter onsterfelyker gedagtenis over het derde 
 eeuwjaar van de uitvinding der noit volpreese boek-drukkonst 
 door Laurens Jansz. Koster, in zyn leven schepen der stad Haar- 
 lem. Haarlem : 1740. 4to. pp. 12. 
 
 Paroy (Marquis de). Precis sur la Stereotypie, precede d’un coup 
 d’oeil rapide sur l’origine de l’lmprimerie et de ses progres. 
 Edition stereotype d’apres le procede de MM. le Marquis de Paroy 
 et Durouchail. Paris : 1822. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 On an improved method of stereotyping, “according to a new process, which com- 
 bines all the advantages of other methods with those which belong to itself alone.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 45 
 
 Farret (H.). Illustrations typo^raphiques ; recueil de vignettes, alpha- 
 bets, etc. graves et polytypes par H. Farret, graveur sur bois de 
 Flmprimerie Royale. 2 vols. Faris : 1838 and 1842. Oblong 4to. 
 
 PaRthey (Gustav), Kurzes Verzeichniss der Hollar’schen Kupfer- 
 stiche. (Auszug aus dem grosseren Werke.) Berlin : 1853. 
 kl. 8vo. pp. 1 1 6. 
 
 Wenzel Hollar. Beschreibendes Verzeichniss seiner Kupfer- 
 
 stiche. Berlin : 1853. 8vo. pp. xxii. 635. Supplement. 
 
 Berlin : 1858. 8vo. 2 leaves, pp. 629. 
 
 Partington (C. F.). The Engravers’ Complete Guide ; comprising 
 the theory and practice of Engraving, with its modern improve- 
 ments in steel plates, lithography, &c. London : 1825. 8vo. 
 
 The Printers’ Complete Guide ; containing a Sketch of the 
 
 History and Progress of Printing, to its present state of Improve- 
 ment : Details of its several Departments, numerous Schemes ot 
 Imposition, Modern Improvements in Stereotype, Presses, and 
 Machinery, &c., with Familiar Instructions to Authors illustra- 
 tive of the Art of Correcting Proof-sheets. London: 1825. 8vo. 
 Another Edition in 1831. 8vo. 
 
 Parton (James). George W. Childs. A biographical sketch. 
 Philadelphia: 1870. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Mr. Childs is a printer of Philadelphia, and proprietor of the Public Ledger , a 
 daily paper of very large circulation and influence, published in that city. 
 
 The Life of Horace Greeley, Editor of the New York 
 
 Tribune. New York : 1855. 8vo. pp. xviii. 442. 
 
 The onward and upward course of a working compositor to fame, riches, and 
 influence. An enlarged edition was published in 1869, pp. xvii. 598, and 9 plates. 
 
 Paschius (G.). De Typographia, &c. In his “Tractatus de novis 
 inventis.” Lipsise : 1700. 4to. 
 
 Paschker. Schrift-Proben der Paschkeschen Buchdruckerei zu 
 Konigsberg in Preussen. 8vo. 39 leaves. 
 
 Pasigraphie ; eller allinaut Skrif-Sprak. Stralsund : 1800. 8vo. 
 
 Pasquier (.Stephen). Universal Standard of Printing. Gentleman' s 
 Magazine , vol. lxxxiii., pt. I, p. 136. 
 
 In February, 1810, Mr. Stephen Pas- the various modes of writingand printing 
 quier issued proposals for a volume in used among the several nations of the 
 quarto, with copperplates engraved by earth. His chief object in this under- 
 means of the author’s newly-invented taking was stated to be “ to assist corn- 
 machine and tools, descriptive of a new merce, to facilitate correspondence, and 
 system, called Neography, by which the open an easier intercourse to the diffusion 
 publisher, at considerable cost and labour, of knowledge, fine arts, and civilisation, 
 had attempted to simplify and bring to in the four quarters of the globe.” 
 one universal and common standard all 
 
 Passavant (Johann David). Le Peintre-Graveur, contenant l’histoire 
 de la gravure sur bois, sur metal, et au burin jusque vers la fin 
 du XVI e siecle, l’histoire du nielle, avec Complement de la partie 
 descriptive de l’essai sur les nielles de Duchesne aine et un 
 
 vol: 11. u 
 
146 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Catalogue Supplementaire aux Estampes du XV e et XVI e siecle 
 du Peintre-Graveur de Adam Bartsch. 6 vols. Leipsic : 
 1860-64. Royal 8vo. Portrait. 
 
 The following is a synopsis of the con- 
 tents of this work, which is of standard 
 authority in regard to the history of En- 
 graving; 
 
 Vol. i. History of engraving on wood 
 and on metal up to the end of the six- 
 teenth century; history of copperplate 
 engraving to the same epoch ; niello. 
 Pp. xvi. 377. 
 
 Vol. ii. German wood engravings of 
 the fifteenth century ; Netherlandish 
 copperplates of the fifteenth century ; 
 table of engravings, not signed, of the 
 German and Netherlandish schools of 
 the same period ; alphabetical list of the 
 masters, and of their monograms. Pp. 303. 
 
 Vol. iii. Catalogue of Netherlandish 
 prints of the sixteenth century ; cata- 
 logue of prints of Germany and tbe Low 
 Countries ; the masters of Nuremberg of 
 the first half of this century. Pp. 504. 
 
 Vok iv. Continuation of the Catalogue 
 
 of German prints of the sixteenth ‘cen- 
 tury ; School of Frankfort and Saxony; 
 the minor masters of the Nuremberg and 
 Low Country schools ; German masters 
 and engravers on copper and wood of 
 different periods, &c. Pp. 351. 
 
 Vol. v. Italian engravers ; the Floren- 
 tine school ; schools of Padua, Lombardy, 
 Mantua, and Bologna ; unknown masters 
 and their monograms at the beginning of 
 the sixteenth century ; table of unsigned 
 engravings of the Italian school, before 
 the epoch of Marc Antonio, arranged 
 according to their subjects. Pp. vi. 238. 
 
 Vol. vi. Conclusion of the Italian en- 
 gravers ; the Roman school of Marc 
 Antonio ; the Mantuans ; the school of 
 Fontainebleau ; Italian wood-engravers 
 and chiaro-obscurists ; catalogue of 
 French engravings up to the end of the 
 sixteenth century ; general indexes. 
 Pp. 407. 
 
 Passavant (Johann David). Vierter Bericht iiber das Stadelsche 
 Kunstinstitut durch die Administration veroffentlicht im August, 
 1859. Enthaltend u. a. Ueberblick der Geschichte des Kupfer- 
 stichs. Frankfurt : 1859. 4to. 
 
 Fourth report of the Artistic Institute of Stadel, with a sketch of the history of 
 engraving. 
 
 [Passeroni (Giovanni Carlo).] Memorie aneddote per servire un 
 giorno alia vita del Signor Giovanbattista Bodoni, tipografo. 
 Parma : 1804. 8vo. 
 
 Patent Office Publications. Patents for Inventions. Abridg- 
 ments of Specifications relating to Printing, including therein the 
 production of copies on all kinds of material (excepting felted and 
 textile fabrics) by means of types, stereotype, blocks, plates, 
 stone, dies, stencil plates, paper writings, electro-chemicals, and 
 light. Printed by order of the Commissioners of Patents. London: 
 1859. 8vo. pp. 631. 
 
 The preface to this volume, signed by 
 the late Mr. B. Woodcroft, who was 
 clerk to the commissioners, states that 
 the indexes to patents are so numerous 
 and costly as to be placed beyond 
 the reach of a large number of inventors 
 and others to whom they have become 
 indispensable. To avoid this difficulty 
 short abstracts or abridgments of the 
 Specifications of Patents under each head 
 of invention have been prepared for pub- 
 lication separately, and so arranged as to 
 form at once a chronological subject- 
 
 matter, reference, and alphabetic index, 
 to the class to which they relate. 
 
 This part contains the patents granted 
 from 1617 to 1857. It is prefaced with 
 an account of the origin of Printing, 
 derived from works which are not now 
 regarded as of standard authority. To 
 this is added a popular description of 
 different printing processes. Then fol- 
 low the early statutes for controlling 
 Printing and Type-founding, Letters 
 Patent to the Royal Printers, &c., and, 
 after them, the Abridgments. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 147 
 
 Patent Office Publications. Patents for Inventions. Abridgments 
 of Specifications relating to Printing. Part ii. , A.D. 1858-1861. 
 Printed by order of the Commissioners of Patents. London : 1862. 
 8vo. pp. viii. 185. 
 
 The preface is signed B. Woodcroft. Part ii. of the Abridgments was published 
 in 1862, and it includes all the patents granted between 1858 and 1861 ; becoming 
 out of print, it was superseded by the following : — 
 
 This reissue owes its origin to Mr. H. 
 Reader Lack, who is now Clerk of 
 the Commissioners of Patents, Super- 
 intendent of the Patent Museum, Re- 
 gistrar of Designs, and Registrar of 
 Trade Marks. The series of Abridg- 
 ments on Printing does not extend beyond 
 the year 1866. It is intended, however, 
 to continue them to the end of the year 
 1876, as soon as the Abridgments of all 
 the specifications from the earliest period 
 to the end of 1866 have appeared in a 
 classified form. Untii that takes place 
 an examination of the specifications 
 relating to Printing can only be con- 
 tinued by the aid of the subject-matter 
 and other indices for each year. It is to 
 be regretted that the records of this most 
 important department of the State are in 
 an almost inchoate condition, but it is 
 hoped that the activity of Mr. H. 
 Reader Lack (author of the descriptive 
 prefaces on Printing and Stationery to the 
 Catalogue of the London International 
 
 Catalogue of the Library 
 
 London : 1857-58. 2 parts, 
 
 part ii. ; index. 
 
 A new edition of this Catalogue of one 
 of the most extensive technical libraries 
 in the world is now (1881) in process of 
 completion. 
 
 The Library, situated in Southampton- 
 buildings, Chancery-lane, contains a 
 large number of books on Printing and 
 its auxiliary arts, many of which are not 
 to be found even at the British Museum. 
 In the compilation of this Bibliography 
 we have availed ourselves of the facili- 
 ties provided in this excellent public in- 
 
 Exhibition of 1872) will soon obviate this 
 great and most regrettable want. 
 
 As already stated, the publication of 
 the Abridgments on Printing has been 
 discontinued, but it may be desirable 
 to add that in 1867 there was com- 
 menced, under the auspices of the Com- 
 missioners of Patents, a weekly publica- 
 tion entitled Chronological and Descrip- 
 tive Index of Patents (Patent Office, 
 25, Southampton-buildings, Chancery- 
 lane. 4to.). This includes all patents of 
 whatever nature, but indexes of persons 
 and subjects in regular numerical order 
 are published at the expiration of six 
 months from the date . of application. 
 In the index of each successive number 
 all the previous indexes are incorporated 
 until the end of the year, so that the last 
 published index only need be consulted 
 at any time. These Abridgments are 
 written by the respective inventors them- 
 selves, and are deposited with the pro- 
 visional specifications. 
 
 of the Great Seal Patent Office. 
 Imperial 8vo. Part i., titles ; 
 
 stitution. In the year 1833 the Commis- 
 sioners of Patents purchased a large num- 
 ber of books, tracts, and manuscripts, form- 
 ing a portion of the collection relative to the 
 history of Printing of the late J. Koning 
 ( q . v.). These, with the other works on 
 the same subject in the library, have 
 been catalogued by Mr. J. Atkinson, the 
 librarian, and his Catalogue, which at 
 present remains in manuscript, has been 
 largely used in the compilation of this 
 Bibliography. 
 
 — Patents for Inventions. Abridgments of Specifications relat- 
 ing to Letterpress and similar Printing (excluding Electro-tele- 
 graphic and Photographic Printing). Part ii., A.D. 1858-1866. 
 Printed by order of the Commissioners of Patents. Second 
 edition. 1878. pp. xiii. 382. 
 
 Patent Type-Founding Company. Specimens of Printing Types 
 and Music Founts, manufactured by the Patent Type-Founding 
 Company. London. Svo. 
 
 About the year 1851, Mr. John R. completely by machinery without the use 
 Johnson, an analytical chemist and a , of hand labour. Afterwards he addressed 
 mechanic of great ability, commenced ex- himself to the discovery of a new 
 periments with the view of making type alloy, harder than those in use at the 
 
148 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 time, and subsequently formed a partner- 
 ship with a son of the late Mr. King, a 
 successful punch-cutter, under the name 
 of King & Co., to carry out his inven- 
 tions. In 1857, the late Mr. J. S. Atkinson 
 formed a company, chiefly of Manchester 
 gentlemen, to purchase from King & Co. 
 their business, which was removed to 
 Red Lion-square, London, where it has 
 ever since been carried on under the 
 
 Pater (Paulus). De Germanise miraculo optimo, maximo, Typis 
 Literarum, earumque differentiis, Dissertatio. Lipsise : 17(0. 
 
 4to. Title and dedication 2 leaves, pp. 91. Reprinted in Wolf, 
 “ Monumenta Typographica,” vol. ii. , pp. 705 — 866. 
 
 A very curious work, treating of where printer, and whether all printing-offices 
 and when Printing was discovered, the should be conducted at the public ex- 
 manufacture of types and printing-ink, pense for the public good, 
 specimens of various types, early-printed “ Pater writes for the cause of Guten- 
 books, celebrated printers, the cost of berg and Strasburg, in the first instance ; 
 printing and the profit made by printers; and Gutenberg, Faust, and Schoeffer, in 
 ending with debates whether learned men the second, at Mayence ; he observes 
 ought to make a profit by printing, that he had some of the wooden charac- 
 whether a type-founder makes a good ters when a boy.” — T imperley. 
 
 Paulmy (Marc Antoine Rene de Voyer de), Marquis D’Argenson. 
 Melanges tires d’une grande Bibliotheque, vol. xxvii.-xxx. Livres 
 militaires avec notices sur les progres qu’ont fait pendant ce siecle 
 les arts de l’Imprimerie, de la Musique, de la Danse, du Dessin, 
 de la Peinture, de la Sculpture et de la Gravure. 1785. 8vo. 
 
 name of the Patent Type - Founding 
 Company. In 1873, the company was 
 dissolved, the business being purchased 
 by Mr. P. M. Shanks, the manager, and 
 Captain H. A. Revell, by whom it was 
 carried on until the death of the latter, 
 which occurred 19th January, 1881. Mr. 
 P. M. Shanks is now, therefore, sole 
 proprietor .— See Johnson (J. R.). 
 
 Pavier (Thomas). London : 1600-1625. 
 
 This eminent printer lived at the “ Cat dated 1600. No particulars relative to 
 and Parrots,” near Pope’s Head-alley, his life are on record. The device an- 
 Cornhill. His first ascertained book is nexed is copied from the title-page of a 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 49 
 
 chap-book, called “The Garland of a pavier, paving the streets of a town, 
 Good Will; divided into three parts,’’ raising a pavier’s rammer; on his right 
 &c., 8 vo., without date. It is un- hand a pickaxe, on the left a shovel in a 
 
 doubtedly the work of Pavier, as appears heap of mortar ; the whole enclosed in an 
 from the pun on his name, although it is elaborate cartouch, from which are hang- 
 stated to be “printed for G. Conyers, at ing various tools of the trade, and round 
 the sign of the * Golden Ring,’ in Little it the motto, “ Thou shalt labour till 
 Britain.” Pavier was a bookseller, as thou return to dust.” 
 well as a printer. His device consists of 
 
 Pavillon der Presse, der. Illustrirte Weltausstellungs-Briefe 
 aus Paris. {Illustrirte Zeitung, No. 1,836.) Leipzig: 1878. 
 
 Payne (John Thomas) and Foss (Henry). Bibliotheca Grenvilliana ; 
 or, Bibliographical Notices of Rare and Curious Books, forming 
 part of the Library of the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville. 3 vols. 
 London : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 Parts i. and ii. are by J. T. Payne and value. The compilers were for many 
 H. Foss. Part iii. , with a general index, years booksellers in Pall Mall, and issued 
 is by W. B. Rye. Some of the biblio- many very important and valuable cata- 
 graphical notes having a direct reference logues of old books, 
 to the history of Printing are of great 
 
 Peabody (O. W. B. ). Ornamental Printing. [In North American 
 Review , vol. xxxvi., p. 276.] 
 
 Pearson (Emily C.). Gutenberg and the Art of Printing. Boston : 
 1871. 8vo. pp. vi. 292. With frontispiece and illustrations. 
 
 Peck (Dav.). Jubel-jahriges Gedenck- und Dancklied von der edlen 
 Kunst der Buchtruckerey. Leipzig : 1640. 4to. 
 
 Peignot (fitienne Gabriel). Bibliographic curieuse ; ou notice 
 raisonnee des livres imprimes a cent exemplaires au plus ; suivi 
 d’une notice de quelques ouvrages tires sur papier de couleur. 
 Paris : 1808. Large 8vo. pp. 92. 
 
 Of this book only 100 copies were issued, but it has since been reprinted, with 
 numerous additions, in the following : — 
 
 Repertoire de Bibliographies speciales, curieuses, et instruc- 
 
 tives ; contenant la notice raisonnee : i°, des ouvrages tires a petit 
 nombre d’exemplaires ; 2 0 , des livres imprimes sur papier de 
 couleur ; 3 0 , des livres dont le texte est grave ; 4 0 , des livres qui 
 ont paru sous le nom dlana. Paris : 1810. 8vo. pp. xv. 286. 
 
 — De Pancienne bibliotheque des dues de Bourgogne de la 
 
 derniere race, ou Catalogue d’une partie des livres composant 
 l’ancienne bibliotheque de ces dues, etc., precede d’une lettre a 
 M. C. N. Amanton. Paris : 1830. 8vo. pp. xxx. 60. 
 
 The Dukes of Burgundy were among the noblest patrons of some of the early 
 printers ; and there are many allusions in the volume to the early history of 
 typography. 
 
 Dictionnaire raisonne de Bibliologie ; contenant i°, l’explica- 
 
 tion des principaux termes rel'atifs a la Bibliographic, a Part typo- 
 graphique, a la diplomatique, aux langues, aux archives, aux 
 
Bibliography of Profiting. 
 
 * 5 ° 
 
 manuscrits, aux medailles, aux antiquites, &c. ; 2°, des notices 
 historiques detaillees sur les principals bibliotheques anciennes et 
 modernes ; sur les differentes sectes philosophiques, sur les plus 
 celebres imprimeurs avec une indication des meilleures editions 
 sorties de leurs presses, et sur les bibliographes, avec la liste de 
 leurs ouvrages ; 3 0 , enfin l’exposition des differents systemes 
 bibliographiques, &c. Ouvrage utile aux bibliothecaires, archi- 
 vistes, imprimeurs, libraires, &c. 2 vols. Paris : 1802. 8vo. 
 
 Vol. I., pp. xxiv. 472; vol. II., pp. iv. 450, and 3 leaves. 
 
 Supplement, compose de plus de six cents articles nouveaux 
 sur les matieres enoncees ci-dessus, avec des corrections, des 
 additions, et des tables alphabetiques pour l’ouvrage entier ; 
 le tout augmente d’un tableau synoptique de Bibliologie. Paris : 
 1804. 8vo. pp. x. 373, with 1 folding sheet. 
 
 Peignot (Etienne Gabriel). Essai historique sur la liberte d’ecrire 
 chez les anciens et au moyen age, etc. ; suivi d’un tableau synoptique 
 de l’etat des imprimeries en France en 1704, 1739, 1810, 1830, et 
 d’une chronologie des lois sur la presse de 1789 a 1831. Paris : 
 1832. 8vo. pp. xxi. 218. 
 
 Essai historique sur la Lithographic, renfermant, i°, l’histoire 
 
 de cette decouverte ; 2°, une notice bibliographique des ouvrages 
 qui ont paru sur la lithographic ; et 3 0 , une notice chronologique 
 des differens genres de gravure qui ont plus ou moins de rapport 
 a la lithographic. Paris : 1819. 8vo. pp. 60, and lithographic 
 frontispiece. 250 copies printed. 
 
 Notice historique et bibliographique sur 1’ imprimerie parti- 
 
 culiere, etabliee par Sir Thom. Johnes, a Hafod, vers 1800. [In 
 the Bulletin du Bibliophile. Paris: 1837. pp. 524-526.] 
 
 Nouveaux renseignements sur la date de l’introduction de 
 
 Pimprimerie en Amerique. [In the Bulletin du Bibliophile. 
 Paris: 1836. pp. 332 - 333 -] 
 
 Recherches historiques et bibliographiques sur les imprimeries 
 
 particulieres et clandestines qui ont existe tant en France qu’a 
 l’etranger depuis le XV me siecle jusqu’a nos jours, avec Vindica- 
 tion des principales ouvrages sortis de ces sortes de presses. Paris : 
 1840. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 This prospectus, which makes 14 pages, is all that was issued. 
 
 Recherches historiques sur les Danses des Morts. Analyse 
 
 de toutes les recherches publiees jusqu’a ce jour sur l’origine et 
 l’histoire des Cartes a jouer. Dijon : 1826. 8vo. pp. lx. 367. 
 With plates and woodcuts. 300 copies printed. 
 
 An exhaustive account of all that was greatest value to bibliographers and stu- 
 known at the time when Peignot wrote dents of the history of printing. He was 
 this work of the celebrated series of sub- a writer of great industry, and of wide 
 jects called “The Dance of Death,” knowledge. For his memoir see D. (P.) 
 which were so frequently reproduced by “ Notice biographique et bibliographique 
 the early wood-engravers. sur E. G. Peignot,” in Supplement. 
 
 The works of Peignot are of the 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 1 5 1 
 
 Peignot (Etienne Gabriel). Sur les incunables executes au XV e siecle 
 dans les villes de France par des ouvrigrs d’Allemagne, typographes 
 ambulants. ^Bulletin du Bibliophile. Paris: 1836. pp. 11-15.] 
 
 Etienne Gabriel Peignot, the great 
 bibliographer, whose amiable erudition 
 has been testified to by so many of his 
 contemporaries, was born at. Arc-en- 
 Barrois, 15th May, 1767. Originally a 
 bookseller at Besan5on, he was ap- 
 pointed librarian of the Ecole Centrale 
 of La Haute Sadne, which had been 
 established in Vesoul, and thiew heart 
 and soul into the discharge of his new 
 duties. Abbeys and convents for miles 
 around Vesoul had been suppressed and 
 pillaged. Their intellectual treasures 
 had been huddled together by ignorant 
 hands, and were exposed to all perils — 
 by fire, by flood, and by base uses. 
 Peignot never rested as long as he saw one 
 of them still to be secured for his library. 
 He was next made principal of Vesoul 
 College, where he remained many years, 
 and which he quitted when promoted to 
 be Master of Lyons College and Dis- 
 trict Inspector of Classes. He dis- 
 charged these duties with zeal, but it 
 was always with delight that he returned 
 to books, though he did not desert 
 society for his favourites ; he bore his share 
 in company and trained up a family. 
 No man has done more than he to foster 
 in France a love of bibliography. He 
 left behind him no less than fifty or more 
 unpublished works in manuscript, among 
 them a “Myriobiblion Framjais,” which 
 in 1830 numbered twelve or fifteen vol- 
 
 umes, and increased daily? These con- 
 tained above 3,000 references to or 
 critical notices of select works, memoirs, 
 dissertations, and treatises, on every kind 
 of subject published either separately or 
 in great literary and academical col- 
 lections each summary having a refer- 
 ence to the page and volume of the work 
 in which the original was to be found. 
 Some Paris publishers bought the manu- 
 scripts left by Peignot, and announced 
 their publication, but they still remain in 
 manuscript. It has often been wondered 
 how he was able to do so much work. 
 His secret was that from the hour he 
 began to read he began to write : left 
 hand never held a book that right hand 
 hid not a pen. Every leisure moment he 
 gave to book and pen ; he noted every- 
 thing he read or heard in commonplace 
 books under proper heads — authors, 
 titles, subjects, words, thoughts, refer- 
 ences to kindred subjects. He lived to 
 be eighty three years old. He died at 
 Dijon, April 14th, 1849. His letters 
 have very recently been published by 
 his grandson, M. Emile Peignot. The 
 volume includes his correspondence from 
 1813 to 1845. 
 
 E. G. Peignot often wrote under pseu- 
 donyms. His favourite signatures were 
 *' G. P. ’’(Gabriel Peignot), “ Philomneste, 
 B. A. V.” (Bibliothecaire a Vesoul), and 
 P. Berigal (an anagram of Gabriel). 
 
 Peinlich (Rich.). Zur Geschichte der Buchdrucker, der Biicher- 
 censur und des Buchhandels zu Graz im xvi. Jahrh. [In the 
 Mittheilungen des Histor. Vereines fur Steiermark.] 1879. 
 pp. 27. 
 
 Pellegrini (Dominico Maria). Della prima origine della Stampa 
 in Venezia, per opera di Giovanni da Spira nel 1469 e risposta 
 alia difesa del “Decor Puellarum ” dell’ Abate Mauri Boni. 
 Venezia: 1794. 8vo. 
 
 Pelletier (Leon). Considerations sur l’etat de 1 ’imprimerie et de 
 la librairie en France, depuis l’epoque de la Revolution. Lyon : 
 1842. 4to. 
 
 La Typographic, poeme. Geneve et Paris : 1832. 8vo. 
 
 pp. 251. 
 
 Of the contents of this volume 25 pages all, of course, having reference to Typo- 
 only are occupied by the poem, the rest graphy. This author published in 1832 
 being made up of “ Notes,” in which, a small novel of an interesting character, 
 however, a great deal of information is in which was introduced amongst the 
 embodied, together with many original dramatis perso 7 ice, the celebrated printer 
 remarks. The chapters are — The Inven-' of Antwerp, Christopher Plantin. 
 tion ; Celebrities ; Emulation ; Liberty ; 
 
* 5 * 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Pendred [John]. Handbill, dated London, June 7, 1784. 
 
 A curious handbill, in our possession. 
 It begins : “ Very necessary for all 
 
 printers, booksellers, stationers, &c. 
 likewise for all Lottery-office keepers, 
 Shopkeepers, and others, who have 
 occasion to advertise in any of the news- 
 papers in England, Scotland, or Ireland. 
 This day is published, price only 4d., 
 Pendred’s List of the Master Printers in 
 London, Westminster, and Southwark, 
 with the number of each _ house, and 
 their situation. Also a List of those 
 residing in the several towns of England, 
 Scotland, and Ireland, with the number 
 of miles each town is distant from Lon- 
 don. N.B. — Those who print News- 
 
 papers are particularly distinguished. 
 To be had at the Red Hartj No. 21, 
 Shoe-lane, Fleet-street. Hairdressers’ 
 bills for lanthorns may also be had, price 
 three-halfpence.” 
 
 John Pendred was a printer and 
 publisher in the City at the close of the 
 last century. He issued a number of 
 "‘catchpennies” and ballads, many of 
 them being his own composition. He 
 was also the author of some plays. 
 Among the best known of his works is 
 “The Sailor’s Frolick; or, a Trip to 
 Covent Garden : a Poem on Facts ” 
 (London : 1774, i2mo), a copy of which 
 is preserved in the British Museum. 
 
 [Penino (A.).] Catalogo ragionata dei libri di prima stampa e delle 
 edizione Aldine e rare existenti nella Biblioteca' Nazionale di 
 Palermo. Proceduto da una relaz-stor vulta madesima. Vol. i. 
 Palermo : 1875. 8vo. 
 
 Pera (Francesco). Biografia di Clauco Mari, tipografo. (In the 
 Ricordi et Biografia Livernesi di fer. Pera. pp. 354-359- ) 
 Livorne: 1867. 
 
 Perger (A. R. v.). Marginalien zur Geschichte der polygraphischen 
 Erfindungen. (Aus den Sitzungsberichten der K. Akad. der 
 Wissenschaften.) Wien: 1858. 8vo. pp. 37. 
 
 PEricaud (Antoine). Bibliographic Lyonnaise du XV e siecle, i e partie. 
 
 Nouvelle edition. Lyon: 1851. pp. hi. Bibliographic 
 
 lyonnaise du XV e siecle, deuxieme partie, contenant le Catalogue 
 des Imprimeurs et des Libraires de Lyon de 1473 a 1500, la table 
 methodique des editions Lyonnaises du XV e siecle. Lyon: 1852. 
 pp. 60.- — —Bibliographic Lyonnaise du XV e siecle, troisieme 
 partie. Liste chronologique des Imprimeurs et Libraires de Lyon, 
 1473-1500. Paris et Lyon : 1853. 8vo. pp. 31. Frontispiece, 
 
 a fac-simile of the mark of Jehan Du Pre. Part iv. was 
 
 published in 1859. 
 
 Two hundred copies of each part 
 printed. Bartholomew Buyer founded 
 the art of Printing at Lyons in 1473. 
 The “ Bibliographic Lyonnaise ” was 
 Originally published under the title of 
 " Catalogue des Lyonnais dignes de 
 Memoire, redige par Breghot du Lut et 
 Marc Antoine Pericaud,” in the Pro- 
 ceedings of the “ Societe litteraire, his- 
 
 torique, et archaeologique de Lyons.” 
 1839. 8vo. 
 
 Antoine Pericaud was born in 1782. 
 He was keeper of the Library of the City 
 of Lyons and President of the Societe 
 Litteraire of that city. He wrote many 
 works on the history and antiquities of 
 Lyons, where he died in 1867. 
 
 Perier (Casimir). Discours et 
 Large 8vo. pp. 128. 
 
 The author is described as “ depute 
 a l’Assemblee Nationale,” 1871-1873. 
 Among the contents is a letter entitled, 
 
 lettres politiques. Paris : 1873. 
 
 “ Hommage des employes et ouvriers de 
 rimprimerie et de la Librairie Centrale 
 des Chemins de Fer.” 
 
i53 
 
 Bibliography of Prmting. 
 
 Periodical Publications. — The following is a list of Periodical 
 Publications throughout the world devoted to Printing and 
 the allied arts. It takes account of defunct as well as of 
 existing journals, and gives the size, the interval of publication, 
 the date of establishment, name of printer and editor, and other 
 particulars, as far as obtainable. 
 
 Following the general plan of this work, we have ranged all the 
 titles in the alphabetical order of their first word, provided that 
 word is not an article or pronoun. Periodicals exclusively re- 
 presenting Paper-making, Bookbinding, Publishing, and Press 
 interests are omitted, those only being included which are directly 
 concerned with Printing, Engraving, and the correlated subjects 
 of which the Bibliography takes cognizance. 
 
 This list will be found to be by far the fullest of the kind ever 
 published. The best existing compilation of the same character 
 is Louis Mohr’s “Die periodische Fachpresse der Typographic ” 
 (Strassburg, 1879) referred to s. v. the name of the author. We 
 have availed ourselves of M. Mohr’s valuable material wherever 
 desirable, correcting a variety of inaccuracies which, as might 
 be expected, unavoidably crept in, and have supplied other infor- 
 mation founded upon our correspondence with forei'gn trade jour- 
 nalists and our own collection of papers* Yet, notwithstanding 
 the pains taken, we do not suppose that the list is complete ; 
 indeed, it would now be quite impossible to secure particulars of 
 every journal of the kind that has ever been issued. 
 
 Not a few readers, probably, will be astonished at the length 
 of our list. No trade or interest in the world, perhaps, has 
 so many representatives in the Press as Printing. We find them 
 in England and Scotland, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, 
 Austro- Hungary, Switzerland, Denmark, Holland, Spain, Russia, 
 and even in Roumania; in the United States, Canada, and Mexico ; 
 in Australia and New Zealand ; and elsewhere. There is no other 
 trade that has interests so universal, and that supports such a 
 cosmopolitan Press ; and no more remarkable illustration could 
 be afforded of the work that Printing is doing everywhere for the 
 enlightenment and advancement of mankind, than the catalogue of 
 journals which record its progress and describe its products. 
 
 These journals are not only unrivalled in their number, but 
 in the character of their contents and their excellent mechanical 
 attributes. The “cobbler’s wife goes badly shod,” and it might 
 be thought that printers would be somewhat careless of the 
 appearance of journals intended for circulation merely among their 
 own class. A very cursory examination of the Typographic Press 
 will show that in regard to the character of their printing no other 
 class of papers can approach them, some being specimens 
 equalling in excellence' the highest class of bookwork-printing, 
 and using paper of the most luxurious description. 
 
 The literary character of the printing-trade journals is usually 
 worthy of their mechanical get-up. Their contents often include 
 general literature, such as original poetry, short essays, social 
 VOL. II. X 
 
J54 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 sketches, and political articles, quite equal in ability to the standard 
 of the ordinary literary magazines— certainly much in advance of 
 papers belonging to other trades. 
 
 The annexed List may remind some readers of the great im- 
 portance, relatively, to the literature of the printing art, of its 
 periodical publications. While books on the subject of Printing 
 appear seldom, and are not always written by persons of high 
 qualifications or extended experience, the periodical press is issuing 
 weekly, fortnightly, and monthly a vast mass of carefully-compiled 
 and {July-edited matter, comprising an immense accretion of facts 
 and speculations on the subjects involved. If the student of the 
 History of Printing fails to realize the important office filled by 
 periodical writers and editors, let him think what would be the 
 value — the priceless value — of a file of a journal, let us say, like 
 the Journal Jiir Buchdruckerkunst from the year 1450 to 1850 ! 
 What coqtroversies would have been spared, what erroneous views 
 would have been avoided, what immeasurably valuable facts and 
 incidents, now lost in oblivion, would have been recorded ! 
 
 The typographic periodicals, however, are not inimical in their 
 influence on book-making, but rather conducive to it. Books have 
 been actually brought into existence by being reprinted from the 
 pages of periodicals. Some of the books so created, being costly 
 and tedious in preparation, would never have seen the light but 
 for the circumstance of being originally published in instalments, 
 the ordinary revenue of the periodical having contributed to remu- 
 nerate the writers. Publication in this way — like a rehearsal at 
 a theatre — serves also to exhibit shortcomings and to suggest 
 improvements. We may perhaps be allowed to mention that 
 the present Bibliography of Printing would probably never 
 have been prepared but. for the Printing Times and Lithog*'(ipher , 
 in which it was published in monthly portions ; and certainly, had 
 any publisher displayed the temerity to enter on such an enterprise, 
 the book could not have been nearly so complete and accurate as 
 it has since become, through the kind assistance of readers of the 
 above-named journal, including among them some of the most 
 distinguished bibliographers in various parts of the world. 
 
 Finally, periodical publications serve to attract a class of writers 
 to the subject of Printing who in time become specialists, and do 
 the most valuable work in historical investigation ; thus the best 
 trade papers have a staff of writers who are much more qualified to 
 deal with a technical question than any who should take it up in a 
 mere dilettante spirit. On the other hand, a large class of 
 readers is hereby created, whose minds are constantly directed 
 to special subjects, and by whose co-operation or individual zeal 
 important facts are from time to time discovered. 
 
 We have written this lengthy prefatory note, to point out the 
 distinguished position in the Bibliography of Printing which ought 
 to be assigned to its Periodicals, as well as to plead for a recogni- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 155 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 tion of their relation to the general history of the art. Assuredly 
 no one in taking a survey of the subject can regard as merely 
 ephemeral or trifling, or even secondary in importance, the 
 singularly extended List, of Journals given below. 
 
 Adressbuch der Buchdruckereien von Mitteleuropa; der Stein- Kupfer- 
 und Stahlstichdruckereien, der Schrift- und Stereotypengiesser, 
 xylographischen Institute, Pressen- u. Druckmaschinenbauer, 
 Farbefabrikanten, sowie der mechanischen Papierfabriken 
 Deutschlands. Compiled by Dr. Heinr. Meyer (founder of the 
 Journal fiir Buchdruckerkunst). Leipzig : 1845. Large 8vo. 
 pp. viii. 210. 
 
 Adressbuch der Buch- und Steindruckereien und der damit verwandten 
 Geschaftszweige in Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. 
 Published by K. Klimsch. 1876. pp. vi. 398, and appendix, 
 pp. 90 ; 2nd year, June, 1878, pp. 499 ; 3rd year, 1880, pp. xi. 
 525. Frankfort-on-the-Main : Klimsch & Co. Large 8vo. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 For the third year the addition of “ und Holland ’’has been made to the title, 
 and the work now includes the trade directory, &c. , for that country. 
 
 Adressbuch fiir Papiermacher, Schriftgiesser, Buchdrucker und Buch- 
 handler. Compiled by Fr. Nies. Leipzig : 1837. Large 8vo. 
 
 Appeared only once. 
 
 Agenda de l’lmprimeur. Publie par Emile Cauderon & Cie., fabricants 
 d’encre d’imprimerie. F. Garde, directeur. 1st year, 1877. New 
 edition, 1878. (In progress.) 
 
 Sent gratis to the customers of the contains the current Paris prices of corn- 
 house. Preceding the agenda-book there position and presswork, as well as the 
 is: “Guide des imprimeurs, protes, existing legal regulations relating to 
 
 libraires et publicistes, etc.,” par George printing. 
 
 Bertrand, large 8vo., pp. xiv., 256, which 
 
 Aldine (The). A Typographic Art Journal. Published by James 
 Sutton & Co. New York : 1868- . 4to. 
 
 Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor meer- en min-geoeffendin : 
 behelzende berigten, nit de Geleerde Waereld, van alle landen. 
 
 1st series. Haarlem: 1788-1793. 11 vols. 4to. Nieuwe 
 
 algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode . . . 2nd series. Haarlem : 
 
 1794-1800. 14 vols. 4to. Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode. 
 
 3rd series. Haarlem : 1801-1853. 106 vols. 8vo. Alge- 
 
 meene Konst- en Letter-bode. Nieuwe Reeks, onder redactie 
 van R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, M. F. A. G. Campbell, 
 J. de Witte van Citters, P. M. Netscher, J. Tideman, S. C. Snel- 
 len van Vollenhoven en T. van Westrheene. 4th series. Haar- 
 lem and The Hague : 1854-1859. 6 vols. 4to. With plates. 
 
 Appeared in weekly parts. 71 years are published, two vols. the year. Con- 
 tained many articles relating to the history of printing, especially its earlier stages 
 in the Netherlands. Among the writer's are A. de Vries, Baron Westreenen van 
 Tiellandt, Delprat, Groebe, and others. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 !56 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Allgemeine Press-Zeitung. Annalen der Presse, der Literatur und des 
 Buchhandels. Conducted under the direction of Dr. Jul. Ed. 
 Mitzig. 1840-43. Leipzig: J. J. Weber; years 1844-45. Edited 
 by Dr. Alb. Berger. Leipzig : F. A. Brockhaus. 
 
 104 numbers appeared in each year, except the last year, 1845, when only Nos. 1 to 
 44 were issued. After 1843 it was printed in Roman characters. 
 
 Allgemeiner Anzeiger fur Druckereien. Edited by C. Klimsch. 
 Published and printed by Klimsch & Co. Frankfort-on-the-Main. 
 Founded 1st July, 1874. (In progress.) 
 
 Appeared originally on the 1st of every form 28 numbers, the 3rd and following 24 
 month ; from 1st July, 1875, on the istand each, with supplements. The first page 
 15th (5 to 1 sheet royal 4to), with supple- contains an article on current topics ; the 
 ments, and sent free to all printing-offices remainder of the paper is devoted to 
 in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzer- advertisements, 
 land, and Holland. The 1st and 2nd years 
 
 Allgemeiner typographischer Monatsbericht fiir Teutschland, zum 
 Behufe aller Ankiindigungen, Anzeigen und Notizen des teutsclien 
 Buch- und Kunsthandels. Weimar : 1811- . Small 8vo. 
 
 pp. 450. 
 
 Appeared in monthly parts, and was contents, the title notwithstanding, re- 
 published gratis by the Weimar Landes- lated purely to the bookselling business ; 
 Industrie-Comptoir. It formed acontinu- and it was the special business organ of 
 ation of the monthly reports issued by the the publishing trade, 
 committee of the Publishing trade. The 
 
 Allgemeines Adressbuch fiir den deutschen Buchhandel, den Antiquar-, 
 Musikalien-, Kunst- und Landkartenhandel und vervvandte 
 Geschaftszweige (Buchdruckerkunst, Schriltgiesserei, Stereotypie, 
 Stahl-, Kupfer- und Holzstechkunst, Litliographie, Papierfabrika- 
 tion u. s. w.). Compiled and published by Herm. Schulz. 
 Leipzig: begun 1839. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 The title of “ Verwandte Geschaftszweige ” has been omitted in the later volumes. 
 Allgemeines’ Intelligenzblatt fiir Gelehrte, Buchhandler, Buchdrucker 
 und Antiquare. Marburg : 1799. 4to. 
 
 Almanach de la Librairie, contenant les noms des Ministres et 
 Magistrats, qui sont a la tete de la librairie, etc., un Tableau de 
 tous les libraires et imprimeurs de Paris et du Royaume, etc. Paris : 
 1781. i2mo. 
 
 Almanach fiir Buchdrucker 1881. Edited by Karl Hoger und Karl 
 Trojan. First year. Wien : 1880. i2mo. (In progress.) 
 
 Intended especially for the use of compositors, the contents consisting principally 
 of technical matter. 
 
 Almanach-Guide de l’Imprimerie, de la Librairie, de la Papeterie, etc., 
 par J. B. Munier. Paris : printed by J. Claye & Cie. Begun 
 1870. i8mo. 
 
 Has since appeared with a slightly altered title, as follows : — 
 
 Almanach illustre de l’Imprimerie, de la Librairie, et de la Papeterie. 
 By M. Munier. Paris : 1871. 8vo. 
 
 The text (40 pp.) for the most part remains the same in each issue, and is accom- 
 panie'd by the calendar of the current year. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 *57 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Amateur Printers’ Journal. A medium of intercommunication for the 
 amateur Printing and Foreign Stamp trade. Leeds : begun 
 1872. 
 
 American Model Printer. A journal devoted to the typographic art 
 and kindred trades. Monthly. Published by Kelly & Bar- 
 tholomew. Wm. J. Kelly, editor. New York : Oct. 1879. 
 Large 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 This journal, which designates itself production of artistic designs of whatever 
 the. “official organ of the International kind, plain or in colours, together with 
 Typographical Union of North America,” practical hints and information relative 
 has for its principal object “ the regular to their execution.” 
 
 American Newspaper Directory from 1869. By Geo. P. Rowell. 
 New York : 1869. (In progress. ) 
 
 An important and valuable work of reference. The issue for 1880 forms an octavo 
 volume of 1,044 PP*> more than half of which are devoted to advertisements. 
 
 American Newspaper Reporter and Printers’ Gazette. Weekly. 
 R. H. C. Valentine & Co. New York : begun 1867. 8vo. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 The “American Printers’ Warehouse,” Woodcock, and the name of the journal 
 Murray Street, New York, belonging to was altered to Woodcock' s Printers' and 
 Messrs. R. H. C. Valentine & Co., be- Lithographers' Weekly Gazette, q.v. 
 came in 1879 the property of Mr. W. H. 
 
 American Printer and Lithographer. New York : 1874. 4to. pp. 52. 
 This periodical died at its birth, only one number having been issued. 
 
 Annalen der Typographic, der verwandten Kiinste und Gewerbe. 
 Edited and published by Carl B. Lorck. With woodcuts and sup- 
 plements. Leipzig : 8th July, 1869, to No. 434, 1878. Imperial 
 4to. 
 
 This journal was from 1869 to 1875 the official organ of the German Master 
 Printers’ Association. It was discontinued in the year 1878. 
 
 Annales du Bibliophile Beige et Hollandais. Bruxelles : 1865-66. 
 8vo. 12 numbers. 
 
 All that were issued, as it subsequently merged into the Bibliophile Beige. 
 
 Annales de lTmprimerie. Journal special de la Typographic, de la 
 Lithographic, de la Taille-douce, de la Photographic et de tous 
 les arts et industries qui se rattachent a 1’imp.rimerie, gravure et 
 fonderie en caracteres, gravure sur bois, polytypage, papier peints, 
 colons, papeterie, etc., paraissant le ier de chaque mois en un 
 cahier d’au moins 32 pages avec planches. Redige par des 
 praticiens sous la direction de M. Jules Desportes, anc. red. en 
 chef du Lithogi'aphie , etc. Printed by Bailly, Divry, & Cie. 
 Paris : 1851. 
 
 From April, 1851, to March, 1852, 12 numbers (336 pages) appeared. 
 
 Annales de lTmprimerie, et des arts et professions qui s’y rattachent. 
 Revue mensuelle. (Typographic, Lithographic, Papeterie, 
 Fonderie, Stereotypie, Construction de Machines, Gravure, 
 
58 
 
 Bibliogmphy of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Reliure, etc.) Edited by Leon Degeorge. Printed by Felix 
 Callewaert, sen., 26, rue de l’lndustrie. Brussels : begun June, 
 1876. 410. (In progress.) 
 
 In the last number of the 2nd year the index for the first two years was given as a 
 supplement. 
 
 Annales de la typographic fra^aise et etrangere. Journal special de 
 rimprimerie, de la fonderie, de la gravure, de la librairie et de la 
 papeterie. Par M. Alkan aine et plusieurs anciens typographes 
 de Paris. Printers, Felix- Loquin & Cie. Yearly 12 numbers of 
 4 pages. Paris : 1838-39. 4to. 
 
 In 1838 four numbers appeared : 1st Sept., 1st Oct., 1st Nov., and 1st Dec. ; in 
 1839 fourteen numbers, of which there were two in June and two in -Sept. 
 
 Annales Typographiques, redigees par le Doct. Roux. 10 vols. Paris : 
 1 758- 1762. 8vo. 
 
 Annuaire de rimprimerie et de la librairie fran9aise. Paris : 1821. 
 
 8vo. New edition. Paris : 1826. i8mo. 
 
 Annuaire de l’imprimerie, de la presse, et de la librairie. Redige, edite, 
 et execute par V. Eug. Gauthier, ouvr. typogr. Paris : 1853-56. 
 Large 8vo. 
 
 Annuaire de la librairie, de l’imprimerie, de la papeterie, du commerce 
 de la musique, et des estampes, et des professions qui concurrent a 
 la publication des oeuvres de la litterature des sciences et des arts. 
 Paris, Cercle de la Librairie, de rimprimerie, etc. Paris : 
 begun i860. i2mo. (In progress.) 
 
 Annuaire de la typographic Parisienne et departementale, par E. M. 
 Fretot. Paris : 1844-45. i8mo. 
 
 Annuaire des imprimeurs et des libraires de Paris, des departements 
 et de l’etranger, par H. B. Dutertre. Paris : 1833-45. i6mo. 
 Formed the continuation of the Annuaire de rimprimerie et de la Librairie 
 fran$aise, q. v. 
 
 Annunciador Universal (El). Huelva : commenced October, 1878. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 An advertising organ for the printing and book trades. Appears fortnightly, and 
 is circulated gratis. 
 
 Anzeigeblatt fiir Typographic, Lithographic, Schriftgiesserei, Kupfer- 
 und Steindruck. Edited and published by Alex. Waldow. 
 Appears every Friday, as a gratis supplement to the Archiv fiir 
 Buchdruckerkunst. Leipzig : 4th October, 1867. 4to. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 1st year, 12 numbers ; 2hd, 52 ; 3rd, 1-34 in 4to, 39-52 in fol. 
 
 Archiv fiir Buchdruckerkunst und verwandte Geschaftszweige. 
 Edited and published monthly by A. Waldow. Leipzig : begun 
 1864. (In progress.) 
 
 This journal was founded in 1864. Its specialty consists in the typographic 
 specimens issued with each part, the modus operandi of their production also given 
 in the letterpress portion. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 *59 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Archiv fiir die zeichnenden Kiinste, mit besonderer Beziehung aut 
 Kupferstecber- und Holzschneidekunst und ihre Geschichte. Im 
 Vereine mit Kiinstlern und Kunstfreunden, herausgegeben von 
 Dr. Robert Naumann, unter Mitwirkung von Rudolph Weigel. 
 1 6 vols. Leipzig : 1855-70. 8vo. 
 
 Archives historiques et litteraires du nord de la France et du midi de la 
 
 Belgique, par Leroy et Dinaux. Valenciennes : 1829-34. Les 
 
 homines et les choses du nord de la France. Ib. 1829. Ar- 
 chives historiques. Nouv. serie. Ib. 1837-47. 6 vols. 
 
 Ib. Troisieme serie. Ib. 1850-60. 7 vols. 8vo. With plates. 
 
 Contains many articles concerning the book-printers of the northern part of France 
 and the southern part of Belgium. 
 
 Art (P). Revue hebdomadaire illustre. Editor, Eugene Veron. 
 Paris: 1875- . Folio. (In progress.) 
 
 Probably the most sumptuous publication of its class. It is indispensable to the 
 historian or bibliographer of engraving. 
 
 Arte della Stampa, giornale di tipografia, litografia e xilografia. 
 
 Firenze : 1866-69. Second series : Arte della Stampa, revista 
 
 technica mensuale (tipografia, litografia). Editor and proprietor, 
 Salv. Landi. Firenze : begun 1869. Large 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Ceased to appear during the months July to Dec., 1876, but a new series, in very 
 elegant fbrm on toned paper with title in two colours, was begun in Jan., 1877. 
 Now published as a large quarto of 8 pages, in wrapper: 
 
 Artiste (P), revue de Paris, histoire de Part contemporain. Editor in 
 chief* Arsene Ploussaye. Paris : March, 1831- . 8vo. (In 
 
 progress. ) 
 
 Containing very important contributions on the history of engraving. 
 
 Arts Liberaux (Les). Organe de l’lmprimerie, de la lithographie, de la 
 gravure, du dessin, de la peinture et de la litterature. Monthly. 
 Publisher M. F. Gardot, Dijon. Begun July, 1879. (In pro- 
 gress. ) 
 
 Australasian Typographical Journal. A monthly publication, circu- 
 lating throughout the printing trade in the colonies of Victoria, 
 New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and 
 New Zealand. Begun 1870. Printed for the proprietors by 
 Walker, May, & Co., and published at the Typographical 
 Society’s Rooms, 47, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. (In progress.) 
 
 The organ of the Melbourne Typo- any branch of the printing business, 
 graphical Society, established in 1867. The Jyurnal is an 8-page quarto paper, 
 At the rooms there is a “ Printers’ Li- of which 5 or 6 pages are occupied with 
 brary,” of upwards of 1,200 volumes, colonial trade affairs, and the remainder 
 available to all persons connected with with advertisements. 
 
 Australian Typographical Circular (The). Issued under the sanction 
 of the Australian Trade, by the Board of the Victoria Typo- 
 graphical Association. Monthly. Printed by W. H. Williams ; 
 published by William Clarson. Melbourne : January, 1858- . 
 
 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
i6o 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Bayerischer Anzeiger, literarischer und merkantilischer, fur Literatur, 
 Kunstfreunde, literar. und Kunst- Institute, Buchhandler, Buch- 
 drucker, Antiquare, Kunsthandler, Musikalien -Verleger, etc. 
 Weekly. Miinchen : 1829- . 8vo. 
 
 Belgisch museum voor de nederduitsche tael- en letter-kunde en de 
 geschiedenis des vaderlands, uitgegeven door J. F. Willems. 
 Gent : 1837-46. 10 vols. 8vo. With plates. 
 
 Contains several articles concerning the history of typography, printers, &c. 
 Berichterstatter (Der). Printed by L. C. Zamarski, in Vienna. Novem- 
 ber 4, 1872. (All published.) — See Kassabote. 
 
 Berjeau (J. Ph.). — See vol. i., pp. 48, 49 ; also under Bookworm. 
 
 Berliner Mittheilungen. Official organ of the Berlin Printers’ Asso- 
 ciation (non-society men). Founder, publisher, printer, and editor, 
 B. Pape; responsible editor, Jul. Eisner, Berlin. Fortnightly; 
 from No. 4 weekly, on Sundays. Berlin : 1874-76. 4to. 
 
 The title and tendency of this journal In June two other numbers appeared, 
 underwent many modifications, as indi- and one 'on the 1st August' No. 6. It 
 cated by the sub-titles — Representative then became the property of the “Anti- 
 of local interests ; Organ for German Union Society,” and was printed and 
 printers ; Organ of the Berlin Associa- published by Herm. Blanke, Berlin, 
 tion of Printingroffice Proprietors ; and With No. 18, May 2, 1875, it became the 
 of the second Leipzig Sick and Travellers’ property of the latter, and appeared from 
 Fund. The journal was, owing to a July 1, 1876, under the title of Deutsche 
 failure to deposit caution-money, stopped B uchdrucker- 7 .eitung (g. v . ) . 
 after the appearance of the 3rd number. 
 
 Bibliografia de Espaha, periodico de imprenta y de libreria, grabados, 
 mapas, musicos, y litografia. Madrid : 1844. 8vo. pp. 24. 
 
 Bibliografia Italiana. Giornale dell’ associazione tipografico libreria 
 italiana. Editor, G. Ponzoni. Twice monthly. Milan : begun 
 1878. Large 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Bibliografo (El). Periodico de los literatos, profesores, dibugadores, 
 grabadores, bibliotecas, escuelas, colegios, universidades, socie- 
 dades, fondidores, impresores, editores, libreros, &c. Madrid : 
 1844. 
 
 Bibliographe (Le). Journal des hommes de lettres, savants, profess.eurs, 
 fondeurs, imprimeurs, editeurs, libraii'fes, dessinateurs, graveurs, 
 salons de lecture, bibliotheques, ecoles, academies, societes, 
 cercles, stereotypeurs, papetiers, relieurs, doreurs, etc. Editor, 
 P. de Law. No. 1, Dec. 10, 1840. 
 
 Appeared on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 25th of every month, in 8vo., 8 pages. 
 From the 1st March, 1841, it appeared twice a week, on Thursday and Sunday 
 (8 pages), and from No. 17 (March 11, 1841) under the title : — 
 
 Bibliographe (Le). Journal de la presse Fra^aise et etrangere. 
 Annonces et specimens de typographic, librairie, iinagerie, geo- 
 graphic, musique, etc. Paris : 1840-41. 8vo. 
 
 From No. 33 it appeared only once a week, on Thursdays, 8vo., pp. 16 ; of its 
 second volume (No. x, Oct., 1841, 8vo., pp. 8) only five numbers appeared. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 6 1 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Bibliographer (The). A Journal devoted to book-lore. No. i, 
 Dec., 1881. H. B. Wheatley, editor; Elliot Stock, publisher. 
 London : crown 4to. 
 
 The first number contains an article on an unknown printer, “ Thomas Bercula,” 
 by Mr. W. Blades, and a notice of “John Baskerville,” by Mr. R. B. Prosser, of 
 H. M. Patent Office. 
 
 Bibliographic de la Belgique, ou Catalogue de I’imprimerie et tie la 
 librairie Beiges. Brussels. Begun 1844. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 Bibliographic de la France. — .S#’ Journal General de lTmprimerie. 
 Bibliographic de lTmprimerie. Lorilleux & Cie. Paris : 1880- 
 
 A printing-ink maker’s almanack. — See Ephemerides, p. 168. 
 
 Bibliographic de la Russie (in Russian language). 
 
 This periodical states in the title that published by Emile Hartje. Since Feb- 
 it is intended to be the organ of the ruary, 1879, it has appeared twice a 
 Press, publishing, printing, music-selling, month. It superseded the Official Indi- 
 print-dealing, & c. Its information is cator of the Press, formerly issued by the 
 derived from official documents, supplied Minister of the Interior, 
 by the Minister of the Interior, and it is 
 
 Bibliographische Adversaria. 38 numbers, ’s Gravenhage : 1873-81. 
 Small 8 vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Bibliologue de la Belgique et du Nord de la France. Journal de biblio- 
 logie, d’histoire litteraire, d’imprimerie, et de librairie, publie avec 
 la co-operation de plusieurs bibliographes et hommes de lettres. 
 Par Fred. Hennebert. Tournai : 1839. 8vo. 
 
 Bibliologue (Le). Journal du commerce et des interets de la typo- 
 graphic et de la librairie en France, d’histoire litteraire et de bib- 
 liographic generale. Par Querard. Paris: January 5 to April 10, 
 1833. 20 numbers. 8vo. 
 
 See Hatin, “Bibliographic de la presse periodique,” p. 603. 
 
 Bibliophile Beige. Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige. 21 vols. Bruxelles: 
 
 1845-1865. Table des tomes I a X. Le Bibliophile Beige. 
 
 Nouvelle serie. Bruxelles : 1866-79. 14 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Bibliopolisches Jahrbuch fur 1836-1843. Leipzig : 8vo. 
 
 Containing numerous articles on printing and its history, and the printers of 
 Germany from early times. 
 
 Bibliotheca Belgica; ou, Bibliographic generale desPays-Bas. Publiee 
 par Ferd. Van der Haeghen. Ghent : 1879-81. 16 livr. Small 
 
 8 vo. (In progress). 
 
 Contains a large number of notices of the Belgian and Dutch printers from the 
 15th to the 18th century, illustrated with their typographical marks, specimens of 
 letterpress, &c. 
 
 Boekdrukkers-Nieuwsblad. Orgaan voor patroon en gezel. Deventer: 
 1874-78. 4to. Appeared weekly, \ sheet. 
 
 Discontinued after an existence of five years. 
 
 Boersenblatt fur den Deutschen Buchhandel und die mit ihm verwandten 
 Geschaftszweige. Leipzig. Property of the German Booksellers’ 
 Union. Edited by Jul. Krauss. Leipzig : 1834. Large 4to. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 A general index to this publication appeared for the years 1834-58 and 1859-69. 
 
 VOL. II. Y 
 
I 6 2 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications: — 
 
 Boletin oficial. Associacion general del arte de imprimir. Motto : 
 “ Vio la luz.” Printed by the Typographical Society, Madrid, 
 1872-77. 
 
 Boletin tipografico, periodico de la imprentay de la litografia se publica 
 una vez al mes. Monthly. Founded by Juan Aguado. Madrid : 
 June 15, 1853- . 
 
 Originally published under the title Boletin tipografico de la Casa Aguado 
 for advertising purposes, but in 1872 it was made a typographic trade journal. 
 After the death of Juan Aguado it was, for a time, conducted by Pascual Aguado. 
 
 Bookseller (The). A Newspaper of British and Foreign Literature. 
 Monthly. Proprietor and editor, Joseph Whitaker. London. 
 1857- . 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Nominally a publishers’ medium. The very readable “TVade and Literary 
 Gossip” in each number enters incidentally into the contemporary as well as 
 retrospective history of printing and printers. 
 
 Bookworm (The). Anillustrated Literary and Bibliographical Review. 
 5 vols. London : 1866-70. 8vo. 
 
 Edited by J. P. Berjeau, q. v., ante, pean civilisation, our mind is naturally 
 Full of information relating to early prin- engrossed by other thoughts than those 
 ters and printers’ marks. The Bookworm of literary or philosophical disquisitions ; 
 was ended at its fifth volume, in Dec., our hands cannot any more continue the 
 1870. The editor, referring to the war peaceful thumbing of bibliographical 
 then in progress, one of the incidents rarities, or be satisfied with the humble 
 of which was the destruction of the graver of an amateur.” 
 library at Strasbourg, with all its The title Bookworm has since been 
 typographical, literary, and artistic appropriated by an American firm, for an 
 treasures, said in his valedictory : — advertising sheet of book announcements, 
 “ When a savage war is waged by the and thus entailed some trouble on cata- 
 modern Attila against French and Euro- loguers and librarians. 
 
 British and Colonial Printer and Stationer, and Newspaper Press 
 Record. Conducted by W. John Stonhill. Fortnightly. London: 
 begun December, 1878. (In progress.) 
 
 The sub-title was in 1879 altered to Paper Trade Review. 
 
 Buchdrucker (Der). Weekly. Published by Joh. Ludw. Schwarz, 
 foreman in the printing-office of Widow R. Benekens, in Ham- 
 burg. 1st and 2nd series, 79 parts. 1766-75. Large 8vo. 
 
 This was the first typographic journal. The first part was published in Hamburg 
 on Sept. 24, 1766, but the journal subsequently appeared in Leipzig. Vide article 
 in Vomodrts, No. 1 et seq. (Vienna: 1878), entitled “ The First German Typo- 
 graphic Journal,” by Karl Hoger. 
 
 Buchdrucker (Der). Organ of the Vienna journeymen printers and 
 typefounders. Publisher and editor, Fr. Schiffer. Appeared every 
 Tuesday. Printed in the Society’s Printing-office, Vienna. Small4to. 
 
 Had a very brief existence. " 
 
 Buchdrucker-Correspondenz. Founded by Id. Hotop. No. 1, pp. 8. 
 Kassel- : 1849. Imp. 4to. 
 
 This journal appeared in numbers at irregular intervals, being published by 
 subscription, but the support it received was inadequate, and it died. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 163 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 B.uchdrucker Deutschlands (An die). Nos. 1 to 5. Issued by the 
 Leipzig Printers’ Society (Rob. Gehler, publisher). Leipzig: 1869. 
 4to. 
 
 This pamphlet was the predecessor of Mittheilungen an Deutschlands Buch- 
 drucker, q. v. 
 
 Buchdrucker-Zeitung. Nos. 1 to 13. Small 4to. 
 
 Brought out by A. Marahrens in 1870, and afterwards issued under the title of 
 Zeitung fur Buchdrucker, q.v. 
 
 Buchdrucker-Zeitung. Organ der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typo- 
 graphy. Herausgegeben unter der Controlle des Presidiums. 
 Founded July i, 1873. Printed at the Social Democratic Society’s 
 Printing-office. Editor, Jean Weil (1876). Appears on the 1st and 
 15th of every month. New York. Large 4to. pp. 4. (In progress.) 
 
 Organ of the German journeymen printers’ Union, the “ Typographia,” in the 
 United States. 
 
 Biicher und Blatter. Monatsschrift fiir die Pressgewerbe. Published 
 by A. Lange, printed by Ch. F. Will. Darmstadt : 1870. 4to. 
 pp. 188. Nos. I to 12 (January to December). 
 
 Printed in Roman characters. It treated less of the technical than of the literary 
 and historical aspect of the art of printing.’ 
 
 Buffalo Specimen. Published every quarter by N. Lyman’s Sons. 
 
 Buffalo. Begun 1874. (In progress.) 
 
 Bulletin du Bibliophile. Publie par Techener. 39 vols. Paris : 
 1834-75. 8vo. 
 
 Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige . — See Bibliophile. 
 
 Bulletin de lTmprimerie. Revue mensuelle— Typographic, Litho- 
 graphic, Gravure, fonderie mecanique, produits chimiques, legis- 
 lation usuelle. Gerant, M. Courcelle ; editor, Guasco ; printer, 
 Emile Martinet. Paris. Begun 1876. Large 4to. (In progress. ) 
 
 The wrapper contains a representation and wrapper, it is printed on fine paper 
 of the printers’ arms,' each number being with great care, at the office of M. E. 
 printed in different colours. It is the Martinet, 2, Rue Mignon, Paris. One of 
 special organ of the printing-ink factory its principal features is a series of de- 
 of Ch. Lorilleux,jind of Marinoni, print- scriptions of the great French printing- 
 ing-machine manufacturer, Paris. offices. From time to time valuable 
 
 One of the handsomest and largest of bibliographical papers find a place in its 
 the Continental trade organs. Usually pages, 
 consisting of 32 pages imperial quarto 
 
 Bulletin de la Papeterie. Journal des papetiers, marchands et fabri- 
 cants de papier, graveurs, imprimeurs, relieurs, editeurs d’estampes, 
 etc. Monthly. Printed by Alcan-Levy. Editor, L. Guillet. 
 Paris : begun 1877. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Canadian Bookseller and Stationer. Monthly. Toronto, Canada 
 West. Begun 1879. Published by William Warwick & Son. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 Although not indicated in the title, a tion for all connected with the Book, 
 considerable portion of the contents con- Stationery, Printing, and Fancy-goods 
 sist of printing news and articles, the business.” It is a quarto of 16 pages, 
 publishers stating that “ The Monthly . each of three columns, about one-half 
 aims to be the best medium of informa- consisting of advertisements. 
 
1 6 4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 Caslon Circular (The). Published quarterly. London. Begun 1875. 
 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 This is primarily intended as a medium by Mr. T. W. Smith, the acting manager, 
 for the circulation of the specimens of and one of the proprietors of the 
 the new types of the Caslon foundry, celebrated foundry. It consists of 4 
 but it contains practical information for pages, with occasional specimen sheets 
 printers and others. The first number as supplements, 
 was issued January 1, 1875, being edited 
 
 Castner’s Monthly. Sydney.. Begun 1876. Monthly. Published 
 by Lee & Ross, 49, Market Street, Sydney, for the proprietor, 
 John L. Castner. 4to. pp. 36, in wrapper. (In progress.) 
 
 Not exclusively a printers’ journal; ward’s “Practical Printing” is being 
 a portion of its contents is devoted to reissued in monthly instalments, extend- 
 the affairs of the craft, and, by arrange- ing over the last three or four years, 
 ment with the English publisher, South- 
 
 Central- Anzeiger fur diegesammte Druck- und Papier-Industrie Oester- 
 reich-Ungarns. Publisher, J. C. Tesar. Fortnightly. Prague : 
 1876- . 4to. 
 
 Circulated gratuitously. The proprietor is a printer ’s-broker. 
 
 Central-Atizeiger fiir den osterr.-ungar. Papier-Handel und die mit ihm 
 verwandten Geschaftszweige. Edited and published by Ed. 
 Schroder. Teschen : begun 1877. pp. 4. Large 4to. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 Printed in Roman characters, and for some time in ink of a pale green colour. It 
 appears at irregular intervals. 
 
 Centralblatt fiir den gesammten Pressverkehr Deutschlands. Published 
 bi-monthly by Rudolf Mosse. Berlin : 1868- . 
 
 Chicago Specimen. A Quarterly for Printers and Publishers, 
 lished by Marder, Luse, & Co. Chicago : 1867. 
 
 A quarterly advertising organ for the 
 Chicago Type Foundry, belonging to 
 Messrs. Marder, Luse, & Co. Consists 
 of 8 pages or more, quarto, in a wrapper, 
 each page being surrounded by a border, 
 worked in red ink. 
 
 The Chicago Type F oundry was opened 
 in 1855, as a branch of a New York 
 establishment, and was for a time more 
 of an agency tharr a manufactory. The 
 rapid growth of the Western States in 
 population and wealth, and the conse- 
 quent increase in the demand for print- 
 
 Pub- 
 
 (In progress.) 
 
 ers’ supplies, enabled it to give attention 
 to the production of type, and the neces- 
 sary facilities were added. The foundry 
 was completely burned down by the 
 great fire of 1871. When it recovered 
 from the blow it began a new life, and 
 made a new arrangement of its scales, 
 whereby a regular succession of sizes has 
 been secured. “ Excelsior,” the smallest 
 size made, is half orevier, which is itself 
 half “ Columbian.” The establishment 
 claims to possess working machinery un- 
 surpassed by any foundry in the world. 
 
 Chiswick Press Literary Almanac (The). London : 1872-1875. 
 Small 4to. 
 
 Printed for presentation to the friends plate portrait of Milton, the calendar 
 of the Chiswick Press by Messrs. Whit- giving anniversaries of authors, and the 
 tingham & Wilkins. The Almanac for borders being mottoes on literary mat- 
 1872, pp. 30, has for frontispiece a steel- ters. That for 1873, pp. 34, has a steel- 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 i6 5 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 plate portrait of Chaucer, and contains a 
 variety of useful literary facts and anec- 
 dotes. The Almanac for 1874, pp. 40, 
 has a photograph of the house at Chiswick 
 occupied by the Chiswick Press in 1854, 
 the calendar giving an anniversary of a 
 printer, publisher, author, book, or news- 
 paper, for every day in the year, each 
 
 page being surrounded by elegant borders 
 printed in colours. The Almanac for 
 1875, pp. 40, has an etching of the river 
 front of the Chiswick house, the calendar 
 giving anniversaries of authors, artists, 
 81c., and bears the same borders printed 
 in colours. 
 
 Chromatic Art Magazine. A bi-monthly publication for the elevation 
 of the typographic and lithographic arts. Published by John 
 Henry, 9, Spruce Street, New York. Begun August, 1879. 
 The second number bears the date, January, 1880 ; the word 
 “bi-monthly” was then altered to quarterly, and the third num- 
 ber was issued in April, 1880. 
 
 The first number consists of 16 imperial 
 quarto pages, with a wrapper, and a 
 portrait of Benjamin Franklin. The 
 paper used is thick and highly glazed, 
 each page being surrounded by a 
 floral border in two colours. The 
 wrapper is worked in ten colours, 
 and. includes a portrait of R. Hoe, 
 senr. The editor, Mr. John Henry, 
 states that in 1858 he issued the Printer , 
 and continued it until the war broke out 
 in 1861, when he was compelled to re- 
 linquish it. He resolved, however, on 
 entering the field again when the pros- 
 perity of the country had revived ; and 
 the time seeming favourable in 1879 he 
 brought out the Chromatic Art Maga- 
 zine. In order to do the thing in the 
 very best manner possible, he had five 
 years previously placed his youngest son 
 
 in training as a printer in blended 
 colours. The aptitude of the youth was 
 shown by the character of the colour- 
 work in the first number, Mr. Henry 
 adds : — “ For ourselves we have assumed 
 that our life-long experience in every- 
 thing that pertains to the printer’s art 
 duly qualifies us as the conductor of 
 this publication. We write our own 
 copy, set up our pages, read our own 
 proofs (with the help of a neighbour), 
 make up and impose our forms, keep a 
 sharp oversight of the presswork, and 
 look to things generally.” Mr. Henry is 
 in his sixtieth year, but thus endeavours 
 to economise the production of his jour- 
 nal. In the second number it was stated 
 that the enterprise was “a complete 
 success.” 
 
 Chronique de lTmprimerie. Gazette cosmopolite de la typographic et 
 de la lithographic. Monthly. Paris : published by Paul Schmidz. 
 Begun January, 1880. 4to. (In progress. ) 
 
 This journal is sent gratis to 2,000 
 printers and lithographers in France, and 
 to 1,000 abroad. The type used is from 
 the Mayeur Foundry; the rule-work, 
 
 Chronique du Journal General de ' 
 Journal general. 
 
 &c., from the Ch. Derriey Works ; the 
 paper from G. Olmer ; and the impres- 
 sion is worked off 'on the “Express” 
 machine of Alauzet & Co. 
 
 iTmprimerie et de la Librairie . — See 
 
 Circolare della libreria italiana. Pubblicazione bimensile del circolo 
 italiano della libreria, tipografia, ed arti affini. Milano : 1864-65. 
 8vo. 
 
 Circolo tipografico. Florence : 1878. (In progress ; sent gratui- 
 tously to printers, &c. ) 
 
 Collectioneur. Album de l’amateur des arts graphiques. In parts 
 of 4 plates. Begun May, 1880. 
 
 Presented to the subscribers to the Gutoiberg Journal, q.v. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 66 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Colonial Printers’ Register (The), with which is incorporated The 
 New Zealand Press News. Published monthly by the proprietor, 
 George Griffin. Dunedin. Begun 1879. Large 8vo. pp. 16. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 In 1880 it became the sole property of Mr. Griffin, since which time it has been 
 published under the title of Griffin's Colonial Printers' Register. 
 
 Composing Stick. Monthly. Ripley (Ohio) : 1874. (Issued occa- 
 sionally.) 
 
 Copy Hook. Weekly. New York. Large fob pp. 4. 
 
 Correo Tipografico (El). Publishers, Ceferino Gorchs & Company. 
 Barcelona: 1877. (In progress. ) 
 
 Was at first circulated gratuitously, lithographic office of the successors of 
 From the beginning of the year 1879 N. Ramirez & Co., 4, Pasaje de Escu- 
 the title was changed to : Correo (Rl) dillers, Barcelona.- Two editions are 
 T ipo-litografico. Revista mensual. Di- printed ; one on common paper, which 
 rector-proprietario, Ceferino Gorchs. is sent to all printers, lithographers, and 
 
 An eight-page crown quarto journal, photographers, in Spain and her colonies, 
 about one-half of which is devoted to and one on fine paper, supplied to sub- 
 advertisements. The office is in the scribers in Spain at pesetas (2s. id.) 
 Calle Condal, Barcelona, the journal per annum, 
 being printed at the typographic and 
 
 Correspondent (Der). Wochenschrift fur Deutschlands Buchdrucker 
 und Schriftgiesser. Organ des deutschen Buchdruckerverbandes. 
 Appears three times a week. Printed and published by the Co- 
 operative Society of German Printers, Reudnitz-Leipzig. Jan. 1, 
 1863. (In progress.) 
 
 Appeared 1863-69 on Fridays in | to editorship (died August 23, 1866); from 
 1 sheet large 4to ; 1869 in enlarged form ; its 4th year (No. 37, with title-vignette) 
 from 1870 agiin in smaller form, but R. Hartel, president of the Printers’ 
 twice a week ; from 1875 (13th year) Union, founded in 1866. In its 7th year 
 three times a week. From its 3rd year it appeared in enlarged form, without 
 (No. 25) Karl Heinke undertook the vignette-title. 
 
 Correspondent des Vereins der Zeitungs- und Buchdruckerei-Besitzer 
 der Provinz Preussen. 
 
 Printed at irregular intervals. The first number appeared in 1875, on post 4to. ; was 
 edited by George Felsner, at Elbing ; and printed at the Court Printing-office of 
 Kanter, at Marienwerder. 
 
 Correspondenzblatt fiir die Druckereien Oesterreichs. Prague. 
 
 Courrier de Plmprimerie. Revue encyclopedique des arts et des 
 sciences appliques a l’imprimerie. Gerant, Paul Argue. Sep- 
 tember, 1879; January, 1880. (All issued.) 
 
 Courrier des imprimeurs (Le). Journal periodique, paraissant tous les 
 dimanches. Printed by Pollet. Paris : 1839. 4to. 
 
 Craftsman (The). Edinburgh. Weekly, pp. 4, newspaper size. Last 
 number issued May 24, 1873. Published by the Edinburgh Typo- 
 graphical Society, 13, North Bank Street, Edinburgh. 
 
 In 1872 a strike took place among the thrown out of work, a printing-office was 
 printers of Edinburgh, and with a view set up on the co-operative principle. The 
 of employing some of the hands thus above paper emanated from this office. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 167 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 The publication was only continued for of its conductors. In the concluding 
 a few weeks ; but while it lasted it was number a hope was held out of resusci- 
 highly creditable to the literary acumen tation, but this has never been realised. 
 
 Cronica de la Imprenta, Litografia, y Encuadernacion. Printed by 
 Richard Gans. Madrid: 1881. 410. pp. 8, in a wrapper. 
 
 This is mainly a price-current of R. Gans, who is a dealer in printing materials. 
 
 Czczionka (Letter). Wychodzi w sobotu. Tygodnik poswiecony 
 sprawom drukarskim. Editor, Szczesny Bednarski. Publisher, 
 Jul. Birkenmaier. Fortnightly. Lemberg: 1872. Small 4to. 
 pp. 4. Suppressed at the end of 1876. 
 
 The issue of this journal caused a division between the Galician and Posen com- 
 positors ; a journal was at the same time to have been started in Posen by 
 Daszkiewicz, but nothing further concerning it is known. 
 
 Deutsch-Amerikanisches Journal fur Buchdruckerkunst, Schriftgiesserei 
 und die verwandten Faeher. Monthly. Philadelphia : begun 
 1873. (In progress.) 
 
 A typographical journal on the model of its German namesake, and the organ 
 of the *“ German-Amcrican Typographical Union.” It was the first German trade- 
 paper in America. 
 
 Deutsche Buchdrucker-Zeitung. Edited, published, and printed on 
 commission for the provisional Central Committee of the 
 United Master Printers by H. Hotop, on the 1st and 15th of 
 every month. Kassel : 1848. Large 4to. 
 
 Only i2 numbers appeared, the last on June 15, 1849. 
 
 Deutsche Buchdrucker-Zeitung. Printed and published by Herm. 
 Blanke. Weekly, on Sundays, 1 sheet. Berlin : 1876. 4to. 
 (In progress .) — See Berliner Mittheilungen. 
 
 Deutsche Presse (Die). Wochenjournal fiir Buch-, Stein- und Kupfer- 
 druckereien, Schriftgiessereien, Buchbindereien und damit ver- 
 wandte Faeher. Published and edited by Ed. Gutli, with the 
 assistance of able specialists. Weekly I number of 4 pages. 
 Printed and published at Ed. Guth’s lithographic establishment. 
 Aschersleben : 1862. Large 4to. 
 
 Appeared in an edition of 750 copies, but owing to its political and social 
 tendencies rendered itself amenable to police measures, and therefore was given 
 up after a short existence. 
 
 Devil’s Gazette (The). Published by J. R. Beecher. Monthly. 
 Augusta, U.S.: 1873. 8vo. 
 
 Dominion Printer (The). Montreal : begun 1876. Quarterly. (In 
 progress.) 
 
 Echo (L’) de la typographic, gravure, fonderie, imprimerie, papeterie, 
 librairie. Paris: begun 1 841 . 4to. Appeared on the 5th and 
 2.0th of every month. 
 
i68 
 
 Bibliography, of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Echo des imprimeurs et des libraires. Published every month. 1st 
 to 6th year. Paris : 1838-43. 
 
 Two numbers appeared in August and September, 1838, in 8vo, 32 pages. The 
 second year commenced with May, 1839, and the journal appeared fortnightly to 
 the end of the year. In the second number for June the title was altered thus : — 
 
 Echo des imprimeurs, libraires, graveurs, et fondeurs. 
 
 The title was again changed from the second number for August as follows : — 
 
 Echo des imprimeurs, libraires, relieurs, graveurs, et fondeurs, typo- 
 graphes, lithographes, taille-douciers, relieurs [sic], et papetiers. 
 
 From the second number of Oct., 1839, it was printed by Pecquereau & Co., 3rd 
 the twice-repeated word relieurs ” dis- and 4th year by Pommeret & Guenot. 
 appeared. The 3rd year began with On the 5th year’s volume was the notice : 
 Oct., 1840. Each number contained 16 Propr. Gerant, Gilissen-Cherrier. The 
 pages (from 1842, 12 pages), with “feuille journal was founded by a joint-stock com- 
 d’annonce et avis divers,”^ pages. From pany with a capital of 60,000 fr., in 600 
 the 6th year (1843) it appeared every ten shares, and published by the firm of 
 days. The last number bears date 1st Prevost & Co., 29, rue St. Martin. 
 
 May, 1843. During the 1st and 2nd years 
 
 Electrotype Journal (The). A quarterly magazine of the grafic [sic] 
 arts. Published by A. Zeese & Co. Chicago : begun 1874. 4to. 
 ( I n progress. ) 
 
 Consists of from 16 to 24 pages, im- typical samples : — dialog, definit, op- 
 perial quarto, only three or four of which posit, gazet, program, paragraf, fotograf. 
 consist of articles, and the rest of adver- Messrs. Zeese & Co., the proprietors, 
 tisements, specimens of electrotypes, &c. are electrotypers, stereotypers, and 
 The journal has adopted “ the spelling printers’ brokers, 155 & 157, Dearborn 
 reform,” of which the following are Street, Chicago. 
 
 Electrotyper (The). Publishers, Schniedewend & Lee. Quarterly, 
 pp. 16. Chicago : begun 1873. Large 4-to. (In progress.) 
 
 This ' journal has adopted what is modification of our present outrageous 
 called “ the spelling reform,” of which orthography.” Xhe journal gives about 
 the following is a specimen : — “ Printers four pages of news, the remainder being 
 ar usually among the most conservativ specimens of electrotypes and advertise- 
 of people ; but, so far as we hav heard ments, Messrs. Schniedewend & Lee be- 
 any expressions of opinion, they ar, ing electrotypers and printers’ brokers, 
 almost without exception, in favour of a 
 
 Ephemerides de l’Imprimerie. Publiees par Ch. Lorilleux fils aine. 
 Paris : begup 1870. (In progress.) 
 
 Sent gratis to the customers of the house. A calendar, with an historical event 
 connected with typography for nearly every day of the year. 
 
 Faust. Polygraphisch-illustrirte Zeitschrift fur Kunst, Wissenschaft, 
 Industrie und Unterhaltung, begleitet von Kunstbeilagen aus mehr 
 als 30 Drucklachern. Vienna and Leipzig : 1854-1862. 24 num- 
 bers of 2 sheets yearly. Imp. 4to. With woodcuts and supple- 
 ments. 
 
 xst year, 1854, edited by Dr. Herm. by Mich. Auer; 5th to 9th year, 1858-62, 
 Meynert ; 2nd year, 1855, by Dr. Herm. without designation of editor. 
 
 Kordesch ; 3rd and 4th years, 1856-57, This journal was started by the Coun- 
 
Bibliography of Pr biting. 
 
 169 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 sellor Alois Auer, director of the Imperial the 5th vol. the publication passed into 
 State printing-office, and published by the hands of G. F. Friedlein, of Leipzig, 
 his brother, Mich. Auer. It served prin- but it soon lost its “ polygraphic ” 
 cipally to advertise the art productions character, 
 emanating from the establishment. From 
 
 Fleet Street Gazette. A Journeymen’s Journal : being a record of all 
 branches of the Printing Trade. London : 1874. Crown 4to. 
 
 Whilst it lasted this was published every alternate Saturday, and was intelli- 
 gently conducted. There were, however, only seven numbers issued ; the first dated 
 Feb. 28, 1874, and the last May 23, of the same year. 
 
 Formenschatz (Der). Published by G. Hirth. Munich : begun 
 1878. (In progress. ) 
 
 Appeared monthly from October 1, at the same time under the till £ L’ Art 
 1878, and forms a continuation of the pratique-; an English one, A rt Treasures; 
 Formenschatz der Renaissance. 1st and and an Italian, L' Arte Pratica. 
 
 2nd series. A French edition appears 
 
 Freie Kiinste. Fachblatt fiir Lithographie, Steindruckerei, und Buch- 
 druckerei. Begun and edited by Fr. Heim, Vienna, 1879. 
 Published semi-monthly. 
 
 In the second year of its publication, 1880, it changed its title, as above. 
 Fromme’s Graphischer Kalender 1881 fiir Buch- Stein- und Kupfer- 
 drucker, Schriftgiesser und verwandte Kunstgenossen. Redigirt 
 von Josef Heim. Wien : 1880. 
 
 A neat little pocket-book, giving, in addition to a dated diary, a digest of the 
 German and Austrian Press Laws, the printers’ scales in force in both countries, 
 and a variety of other technical data. Herr Heim is editor of the Freie Kiinste. 
 
 Geyer’s Stationer. Fortnightly. New York. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 Devotes a considerable portion of its space to typographical affairs and infor- 
 mation. 
 
 Gott griiss die Kunst ! Erstes Reisetaschenbuch fiir die Buchdrucker 
 Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. Published by Alban 
 Horn. Zittau : 1870. Small 8vo. 1st part, pp. 60 ; 2nd, pp. 80. 
 
 Seems not to have appeared again. 
 
 Graphischen Kiinste (Die). Redigirt von Dr. O. Berggruen. Pub- 
 lished quarterly by the Society “ fiir vervielfaltigende Kunst.” 
 Vienna: begun 1878. (In progress. ) 
 
 Appeared from October, 1878, in four yearly parts, and sent as one of the 
 society’s publications-to the founders and members of the society. 
 
 Greve des Typographes (La). Every Sunday. Brussels : 1869. 
 
 From No. 5 it was to have changed the title to “ Gutenberg ” (y.z/.), but took the 
 title of La Presse Ouvriere [q.vi). 
 
 Gutenberg. A nyomdaszat s a vele rokon szakmak Kozlonye. Founded 
 in Rrlau, January 1, 1866. Editor, Stefan Toth. Appeared on 
 the 1st and 15th of every month. 2nd year. Egerben : 1867. 4to. 
 
 This was the first typographic journal ih Hungary. A specimen sheet appeared in 
 December, 1865. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 Z 
 
70 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 Gutenberg. Berlin : No. i, November, 1876. No second number 
 appeared. 
 
 Gutenberg. Mittheil ungen fur die Buchdruclcerwelt Deutschlands, 
 Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. Editor and publisher, Carl 
 Jahncke. Berlin: Nov. 1876. Large 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 Only one number published. An advertisement sheet, circulated gratuitously. 
 
 Gutenberg. Organ fur das Gesammtinteresse der Buchdrucker und 
 Schriftgiesser Deutschlands. Editor and publisher, Mor. Spiegel. 
 1 number weekly (Saturdays). Berlin : 1848-52. Folio. 
 
 Adopted as the official organ of the and, owing to police measures, had 
 “ Gehiilfenvereinigung des Gutenberg- several times to change its place of publi- 
 bundes,” and for a long time edited by its cation. It was given up in 1852, and the 
 directors, H. Kannegiesser and Frohlich. Mittheilungen fiir Bjichdrucker und 
 It was later on printed in Neumarkt, Schriftgiesser (<7.7'.) took its place. 
 
 Gutenberg. Organe de la societe federative des typographes de la 
 Suisse romande. Imprimerie co-operative. Originally monthly, 
 it now appears on the 1st and 15th of every month. Geneve; 
 begun 1872. Large 4to. pp. 4. (In progress.) 
 
 Gutenberg. Organe special de la typographic universelle. Geneva. 
 Established by the Association Typographique, 1853. 
 
 Was to be published in French, German, Italian, and English. Only a few num- 
 bers appeared. 
 
 Gutenberg. Zeitschrift fiir Buchdrucker, Schriftgiesser, Zeichner, 
 Holzschneider, Graveure, Stein- und Kupferdrucker, Galvano- 
 grafen, Stilografen, Chemitypisten, Fotografen, Galvanoplastiker, 
 Glasatzer, Buchbinder, etc. Unter dem technischen und artisti- 
 schen Einflusse des Direktors der k. k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 
 Herrn Reg.-Rathes Auer. Edited, printed, and published by 
 Mich. Auer. 24 numbers annually, with illustrations and . many 
 supplements. Vienna : 1855-57. See Faust. 
 
 Gutenberg (Le). Journal de la typographic beige en tout ce qui a 
 rapport a son bien-etre et au developpement de son art. Monthly, 
 pp. 8 to 16. Bruxelles: Oct., 1872-76. 4to. 
 
 Was discontinued in 1876, and L' Imprimerie Beige (q.v.) issued in its place. 
 
 Gutenberg (Le). Journal des imprimeurs, des libraires, des fondeurs 
 en caracteres, des fabricants de presses, de papier, d’encre et 
 d’ustensiles d’imprimerie et en general de toutes les industries qui 
 se rattachent a Part typographique. (Organe officiel de l’admi- 
 nistration centrale des journaux reunis des departements. ) Fonde 
 par Villet-Collignon. Printed by Voitelaine. Paris : 1859-63. 
 Folio. 
 
 The first number dates from Sept. 1, 1859. It appeared on the 1st and 15th of 
 every month, 1 sheet in fob, 4 pages ; from Sept., 1863, under the title Le Gtdenberg 
 et le Senefelder (q.v.). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 7i 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Gutenberg (Le) et le Senefelder. Journal des imprimeurs, des litho- 
 graphes, des libraires, des fondeurs de caracteres, etc. Editor-in- 
 chief since 1874 (16th year), Ph. von der Haeghen. ,Paris : 
 1863. 
 
 This is a continuation of Le Gutenberg peared : 1st July, 1867; 1st January, 
 (< q.v .) under the management of Villet- 1869; 15th July and December, 1870. It 
 Collignon till June, 1867, since which then appeared twice a month, 4 pages, 
 time the following numbers have ap- large 4to. 
 
 Gutenberg- Journal. Editor-in-chief, Albert Achaintre. Paris, Rue 
 de Fleurus, 9. Appears every Monday. Printed by A. Lahure. 
 Paris': Feb., 1877. Imp. 4to. pp. 4 to 8. (In progress.) 
 
 A specimen number appeared on the not at once evident. Printing-ink is, of 
 15th January, 1877. Formerly special course, largely composed of the products 
 organ of the house Proudon & Cie. , ink- of smoke — lampblack, — which, therefore, 
 manufacturers, Ivry, near Paris. gives “light,” the enlightenment every- 
 
 M. Proudon was the editor. The where diffused by the art of printing, 
 motto is “ex fumo dare lucem ” (out of Since November, 1879, M. Achaintre 
 smoke to give light), from Horace, has been the proprietor, 
 which is singularly appropriate, although 
 
 Gutenberg-Kalender fur die Jiinger der schwarzen Kunst. Alb. Horn, 
 publisher. Zittau : 1st year, 1876 ; 2nd, 1877. 
 
 Hackstaff’s Monthly. Devoted to the graphic arts, the book and 
 paper trades, and general literature. St. Louis, Missouri. No. 1, 
 January; No. 2, February, 1880. 
 
 A somewhat ambitious attempt to pro- pages, of which about two-thirds were 
 duce a monthly magazine, of the di- devoted to general literature, the re- 
 mensions and general appearance of mainder being occupied with technical 
 Harpers Monthly , with a pronounced matters. The experiment does not ap- 
 typographic tone, for the use of printers, pear to have been successful, as no later 
 The first number consisted of nearly 100 numbers have come to hand. 
 
 Hailing’s Circular. Published quarterly, by Thomas Hailing, 
 Oxford Printing Works, Cheltenham. 4to. Begun Nov., 1877. 
 (In progress. ) 
 
 In the fifth number it is stated that the tuitously. So highly was it appreciated, 
 main object originally of the publication however, that a charge has since been 
 was “ the modest one of imparting to made for it, and the Circular has de- 
 our patrons and more immediate neigh- veloped into a purely technical serial, 
 bours in the district a little technical It is beautifully printed, and the display 
 knowledge of the noble art of printing.” of type is both ingenious and original. 
 Hence the periodical was issued gra- 
 
 Helvetische Typographia. Zur Besprechung socialer und technischer 
 Fragen fiir Buchdruckerei und verwandte Facher. Organ of the 
 Swiss Society of Compositors. Weekly. Printed at the Society’s 
 office in Basel. Bern : begun 1858. Large 4to. pp. 4. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 The printing and editing follow the F. H. Kutzli, C. A. Tanner, Franz 
 wanderings of the “ Central Committee ” Mayer, A. Hartmann, &c. This journal 
 to Basel, Bern, and St. Gall. The appeared at first fortnightly, and weekly 
 editorship changes every two years. ■ since 1875. 
 
 From 1867 we find the following editors : 
 
i 7 2 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 Hubbard’s Printer- Advertiser. A journal of typographic and news- 
 paper life. New Haven, Conn. 4to. Monthly. (March and 
 April, 1880. Vol. vi., Nos. 3 and 4.) 
 
 Iconographe (L’). Journal general des gravures, lithographies, cartes 
 geographiques et plans, mis en vente dans le courant d’une 
 quinzaine a l’autre. Publishers, Warin-Thierry & Co. Printer, 
 Dutertte. Paris : 1840. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 A number of 8 pp. appeared" on the 15th and last of every month. Altogether 
 
 24 numbers (192 pp.) appeared, printed oh toned paper. 
 
 Imprensa. Oporto : begun October, 1879. (In progress.) 
 
 The organ of the journeymen printers of Portugal. 
 
 Imprenta (La). Periodico tipografico-literario y de las artes e 
 industrias aUxiliares. Publisher and editor, Tomas Rey. Madrid: 
 1866. 
 
 Imprimerie (L’). Journal de la typographic et de la lithographic, et 
 des industries accessoires. Published every month. 1 No. of 12 
 to 16 pages, double columns. Directeur-Propr., Eugene Charavay, 
 8, Quai du Louvre. Paris : begun 1864. Imp. 4to. (In 
 
 progress. ) 
 
 The first year it was printed by 
 Lahure, the following by Vieville & 
 Capiomont, since June, 1872, by Motte- 
 roz. Nos. 40-42 appeared during the 
 Paris Exhibition of 1867, and were 
 printed in various colours. Four years 
 constitute a volume, each of which is 
 provided with an analytical index. It 
 devotes itself principally to the technical 
 aspect of the art of printing, and has 
 little bibliographic or historical matter. 
 
 Vol. I., 1864-67, Nos. 1-48, pp. 590; 
 Vol. II., 1868-71, Nos. 49-85, pp. 591 to 
 1174: Vol. III., 1872-75, Nos. 86-133, 
 pp. 1-812, as well as an analytical index 
 of the first three vols. ; Vol. IV., 1876, 
 
 and following. No. 174, for May, 1879, 
 announces the death of Gabriel Charavay, 
 the founder and director of the journal. 
 He was born at Lyons in 1818. His 
 youthful career was eventful, as he was 
 imprisoned for many years, and re- 
 peatedly for his republican principles 
 transported to Africa ; in the intervals he 
 devoted himself to the sale of auto- 
 graphs. In 1862 he started the Aviateur 
 dautogva.ph.es, then L’ Imprimerie, 
 
 which he continued up to his death ; 
 subsequently the Revue des autographes 
 et des curiosites de I histoire et de la 
 biographie. The present editor is M. 
 Eug. Charavay, the son of the founder. 
 
 Imprimerie (L’). Organe des interets artistiques et materiels des ouvriers 
 typographes, echo des ateliers de Paris et de la Province. Printed 
 by Bethune. Paris : 1839. 4to. 
 
 A specimen number appeared on October 19, 1839. 
 
 Imprimerie Beige (L’). Publication traitant de la typographic, de la 
 fonderie, de l’outillage typo-lithographique, et de tout ce qui s’y 
 rattache. Printed by the Co-operative Society. Appears monthly, 
 1 sheet. Brussels: begun 1876. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Indicateur general hongrois (L’). Budapest. 
 
 Interesting publication for printers, lithographers, and stationers, 
 
 Indicateur (ou Journal) pour typographes et lithographes. Copen- 
 hagen. 
 
 Ink Fountain (The). Philadelphia. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 i73 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Inkling (The). Published by the North-Western Type-Foundry. 
 
 Quarterly. Milwaukee (Wise.) : begun 1870. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 - Superseded, we believe, by the North-Western, published by the same firm. 
 
 Irish Literary Inquirer (The) ; or, Notes on Authors, Books, and 
 Printing in Ireland, Biographical and Bibliographical. By John 
 Power. Dublin and London : begun about April, 1866. 
 
 Jaarboekje voor den Boekhandel. Published by J. L. C. Jacob. 
 ’sGravenhage : 1840-43. 3 vols. With portraits. Small 8vo.- 
 
 Contains several articles concerning the Elzevirs, &c., by J. L. C. Jacob, and 
 others. 
 
 Jahrbuch fiir Buchdrucker. 1st year, 1871. 
 
 Announced by the Olmutz Printers’ Society, but it never actually appeared. 
 
 Jahresbericht der ersten Wiener Vereinsbuchdruckerei. 1st to 10th 
 annual report, 1870-80. Large 8 vo. (In progress.) 
 
 The Vienna “Vereinsbuchdruckerei” was authorised as a legal association on 
 July 3, 1874. 
 
 Jahresbericht des Vereins der Buchdrucker und Schriftgiesser Nieder- 
 osterreichs. Published by the Society. Vienna : 1865- . 8vo.' 
 
 pp. 16 to 24. 
 
 The organ of the Austrian Journeymen’s Union is Vorwarts. 
 
 Journal des artistes et des amateurs : peinture, sculpture, architecture, 
 gravure, lithographie, poesie, musique, et art dramatique. Paris : 
 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Journal fiir Buchdruckerkunst, Schriftgiesserei und die verwandten 
 Facher. Founded by Joh. Heinr. Meyer. 48 numbers a year, 
 with supplements. Printed and published by Joh. Heinr. Meyer. 
 Brunswick : begun 1834. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Appeared at first monthly, in i to 2 the journal to 8 or more pages. There 
 sheets, small 4to. From 1st January, are many excellent type specimens pub- 
 1845, to the end of 1859, on the 1st and lished in conjunction with this most 
 15th of every month, a number of 8 pages, valuable organ of printing. After Herr 
 Since i860, 48 numbers of 8 to 12 pages, in Goebel’s resignation of the editorship, 
 larger form. From the death of Dr. October, 1879, Herr Ferd. Schlotke, a 
 Heinr. Meyer (died 4th Nov., 1863) to Hamburg master ' printer, became the 
 the end of 1866 this journal was edited acting editor. He, however, filled that 
 by Egb. Rogmann ; it then appeared for post only for a twelvemonth, and was 
 some time without the name of the succeeded by Herr Smalian, an author 
 editor. During this interval its principal of several works relating to Printing, " 
 collaborateur was J. H. Bachmann, of which will be found mentioned under 
 Berlin. In October, 1871, Th. Goebel his name. In 1881 Herr Schlotke became 
 undertook the editorial work. From proprietor and publisher, and resumed 
 this time also dates an enlargement of the functions of editor. 
 
 Journal fiir Buchdruckerkunst. Published by Witt, printer in 
 Aschersleben. 1848. 
 
 Discontinued after a short existence. Its contents were taken principally, but 
 without acknowledgment, from the older volumes of the Brunswick Journal. 
 
1 74 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Journal fur Buchdruckerkunst. In Russian and German languages, 
 published at St. Petersburg, twice a month, by H. Schmitzdorff. 
 Edited by R. Schneider. St. Petersburg: 1867-69. Large 4to. 
 
 Discontinued by reason of its insufficiency either for its Russian readers or for the 
 Germans in Russia. 
 
 Journal de Plmprimerie et de la Librairie en Belgique. (Livres, 
 estampes, oeuvres de musique, cartes, et plans ) Publishers, 
 A. Floskin and Ph. Hen. Editor, Ch. Hen. Brussels : 1854 
 to 1868. 
 
 Appeared twice a month, on the 1st and 10th. Chiefly devoted to publishing. 
 
 Journal zur Kunstgeschichte. Nurnberg: 1775. i2mo. 
 
 In vol xiii. is an account of the Block-books. 
 
 Journal fiir Kupfer- und Stahlstichkunst, Litho- und Zinkographie, 
 Holzschneidekunst, Schrift- und Stempelschneiderei und Messing- 
 Graviire, sowie fiir Stein- und Kupferdruck nebst alien Neben- 
 zweigen. Published by Ad. Henze. Vol. I., 1-6 parts ; II., 1-6 
 parts; III., 1-3 parts; each part with lithographed tables. 
 Weimar: 1844-51. 4to. 
 
 Appeared at irregular intervals. 
 
 Journal of the Typographic Arts. Devoted to the interests of every 
 department of the printing profession. London : 1860-62. 8vo. 
 
 The first number of this serial, which was issued monthly, was published January, 
 i860, and the last, May, 1862. 
 
 Journal commercial de lTmprimerie, de la Librairie, et de la Papeterie. 
 Printed at Argenteuil. Monthly. Paris: 1855- . 4to. 16 pp. 
 
 Journal general de l’Imprimerie et de la Librairie. 44 nos. Paris : 
 1810-11. Continued as Bibliographie de VEnipire Frangais, 
 3 vols., 1811-13 ; continued as Bibliographie de la France , ou 
 Journal general de V Imprimerie et de la Librairie , tomes 4-45, 
 1813-56 ; continued as Journal general de V Imprimerie et de la 
 Librairie , deuxieme serie, 1856. (In progress.) 
 
 This valuable periodical contains the Dassier, chief of the bureau at the Minis- 
 full title, publisher’s name, and printer’s try of the Interior. From the 1st to the 
 name, with description, size, pages, &c., 36th year it was published once a week, 
 of every book issued in every country Printer, Bossange. Small 8vo. pp. 8. From 
 on the continent of Europe, hence pro- the 1st January, 1848, to the end of 1856 it 
 viding a complete bibliographical list appeared under the title Bibliographie de 
 for nearly 70 years. Unfortunately it la France, on. Journal general de V Im- 
 possesses no subject-matter index, nor list primerie et de la Librairie et des cartes 
 of authors, for the first two years ; the geographiques, gravures, lithographie, 
 reader who does not. possess the date of et oeuvres de musique, the first series 
 any work is compelled to search over a forming 45 vols. Since 1848 in large 8vo, 
 number of pages, while the indexes sub- weekly one number of at least 16 pages, 
 sequently are lamentably inadequate. with advertisement supplement of 4 to 8 
 
 The Journal de V imprimerie et de la pages. Printer, Pillet, sen. Since 1857 
 librairie was established by an Imperial (2nd series) under the above title in royal 
 decree. It appeared on the 1st Nov., 8vo. It is the property of the “ Cercle 
 1811, under the title of Bibliographie de de la librairie, de 1 ’imprimerie, et de la 
 V Empire Frangais, ou Journal de Vim- papeterie.” It appears in three divisions : 
 primerie et de la librairie. Editor, Bibliographie, Chronique, Feuilleton 
 
r 75 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications :— 
 
 commercial. The last division contains necrologie, ventes publiques.” It extends 
 advertisements. The Chrenique de l' Im- to 4 pages, and under the heading 
 primerie has a separate title, and the “ Varietes ” papers of considerable tech- 
 following sub-title : “ Documents oflficiels, nical interest are occasionally given, 
 chambre des papiers en gros, varietes, 
 
 Journal typographique et bibliographique, par Pierre Roux. 13 vols. 
 Paris: 1797-1810. 8vo. 
 
 Continued by Dujardin-Sailly, M. Beuchot, and others, but devoted itself prin- 
 cipally to bibliography. It may be considered as the precursor, in France, of the 
 present class of typographical periodicals. 
 
 Kassabote (Der). No. 1, March, 1871. 4to. Printed by Ad. Holz- 
 hausen. No. 2, November, 1872, printed by L. C. Zamarski, 
 Vienna. 
 
 It appeared without mentioning the the similar title of Kassabote , of 1862. 
 name of its editor. In the catalogue of As a sort of appendix to No. 2 there 
 the newspaper exhibition in Prague appeared Der Berichterstatter (q.vl). 
 there is a newspaper designated under 
 
 Keiltreiber. [The Quoin-driver, i.e., anglice, “the Shooting-stick.] 
 Politisch-humoristisch-satyrische Zeitschrift fiir Typo-, Litho-, 
 Photo-, Steno-, Xylo-, Kalli- und sonstige Graphen, Schriftgiesser, 
 Stereotypeure und alle Anderen, die fiir oder gegen den Druck 
 sind. Publisher and editor, F. A. Troizsche (Nos. 1 to 31) ; 
 Arwed Stemler (Nos. 32-47). Printed by C. Jasper (Nos. 1-32) ; 
 by A. Switiroch (Nos. 33-47). Vienna: 1868-73. 4 t°* and 8vo. 
 
 There appeared from Nov. 1, 1868, to the publisher and editor was Carl Huszar, 
 Oct. 9, 1870, 47 partly illustrated num- and the printer H. Gerbers ; but it was 
 bers of 4 pages. Nos. 1-40 in small 4to, discontinued in June. The humorous 
 Nos. 41-47 large 8vo. In the year 1873 vignette- title was several times changed. 
 
 Kolporteur (De). Gewijd aan de belangen des Boekhandels en 
 aanverwante vakken. J. H. Heman. Twice monthly. Amster- 
 dam. 1878. Large 4to. — See also Oude Kolporteur. 
 
 Laurens Coster. Tijdschrift voor beoefenaren en voorstanders der 
 Boekdrukkunst. Onder redactie van C. Mommaas, meester- 
 knecht. Met welwillende medewerking van eenige kunstvrienden. 
 Eerste Jaargang, 1858-59. Utrecht: 1859. i2mo. 
 
 In i860 the title was changed to — 
 
 Lourens Coster. Tijdschrift voor beoefenaren en voorstanders der 
 Boekdrukkunst. Orgaan en eigendom der Nederlandsehe typo- 
 graphische hoofdvereeniging. Onder redactie eener commissie 
 uit het bestuur der Algemeene Nederlandsehe Typographische 
 Hoofdvereeniging. Met welwillende medewerking van C. Mom- 
 maas Cz. en andere kunstvrienden. Derde Jaargang. i860. 
 Utrecht : i860. i2mo. 
 
 In 1861 the title ran — 
 
 Lourens Coster. Tijdschrift toegewijd aan de belangen der Boek- 
 drukkunst en aanverwante vakken. Orgaan van en uitgegeven door 
 de Algemeene Nederlandsehe Typographische Hoofdvereeniging. 
 Vierde Jaargang. Utrecht: 1861. i2mo. 
 
 [In 1862 the title was spelt “ Laurens Coster.’ ] Ceased in 1866, 9th year, when a 
 general index to the nine volumes, pp. xlii., was issued. 
 
1 7 6 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Literaria. Geschaftsblatt fiir Schriftsteller, Buchhandler, Journalisten, 
 Buchdruckereibesitzer und Zeitungsverleger, zur Forderung und 
 Vermittelung ihrer gemeinschaftlichen Interessen. 6 numbers, 
 pp. 48. Published by Max Moltke at the Literary Bureau of A. 
 Kruger’s publishing-office. Leipzig : 1875. Large 8vo. 
 
 Intended to appear monthly. The above 6 numbers appeared from April 25, 
 1875, to June 15, 1876. 
 
 Lithograph (The). A Journal of Lithography and Literature. New 
 York . 1874. Super-royal 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 The first number of this publication press portion being transferred to the 
 was issued on January 1, and the second stone. A portrait of Senefelder sur- 
 and last on March 1, 1874. It was rounded by a symbolical border was 
 printed by lithographic press, the letter- given on page 1. 
 
 Lithographe (Le). Journal des Artistes et des Imprimeurs, publiant 
 tous les procedes connus de la Lithographie, avec leurs differentes 
 modifications, signalant les decouvertes nouvelles dans cet art, et 
 rendant un compte impartial de ses productions ; redige par des 
 lithographes, sous la direction de M. Jules Desportes, imprimeur- 
 lithographe, professeur de lithographie a l’Institut royal des 
 Sourds-Muets de Paris. Paris: 1838-48. 8vo. 
 
 Published at Paris (office of the journal, 18 plates. 3rd year, 1842, 2 preliminary 
 bo, Rue d’Enfer) and Rotterdam (by S. pages, pp. 76, devoted to an historical 
 Van Reyn Snoeck, publisher). 1st year, notice of the discovery and progress of 
 1837-8. Preliminary leaf, giving names of lithography, list of .awards to litho- 
 “ fondateur gerant ” (M. J tiles Desportes) graphers at various industrial exhibitions, 
 and “ abonnes fondateurs,” 25 in number, names of persons who obtained rewards 
 including Chevallier, chemist ; Carcenac, from the “ Societe d’Encouragement,” 
 patentee of zincography ; Engelmann, list of patents up to 1842, pp. 307, 
 lithographic printer at Mulhouse ; Jo- 14 plates, 8vo. Printed by E. J. Bailly. 
 mard, member of the Institut ; the Comte The date of publication of each number 
 de Lasteyrie ; Lemercier, lithographic is not stated, but the issue was intended 
 printer, &c. ; title and pp. xxxviii, de- to be every month. The work makes six 
 voted to a list of the lithographic printers volumes, the last of which, pp. 144, con- 
 in the Departments, in Paris, and tains the numbers for Sept., Oct., and 
 abroad; 32pp. 56, 14 plates. 2nd year, Nov., 1846, the year 1847 (numbers not 
 1839,' 2 preliminary pages and pp. 379, dated), and Feb. and March, 1848. 
 
 Lithographer (The). A Medium of Intercommunication for the Litho- 
 graphic and Engraving Trades, &c., &c. London : 1870-73. 4to. 
 
 The Lithographer was projected and altered to A Monthly Journal 0/ Litho- 
 edited by Mr. P. B. Watt, and published graphy and its kindred Arts. In 1873 
 originally by Mr. John Hey wood, of it came into the possession of Messrs. 
 Manchester. On his retirement from the Wyman & Sons, the sub-title being again 
 co-proprietary with Mr. Watt, it was pub- changed to A Monthly Journal .of 
 lished by the London representative, the Lithography , Typography , and the Ac- 
 late Mr. W. J. Adams, of the firm of H. productive Arts. It thus continued 
 Blacklock & Co., of Manchester, Mr. until July, when it was incorporated with 
 Fairbrother having acquired a moiety of The Printing Tunes (q.v.). 
 the . property. In 1871 the sub-title was 
 
 Lithographia. Organ fiir Lithographie und verwandte Facher. 
 Founded by G. W. Seitz. Published by A. Isermann. Appears - 
 on the 7th, 15th, 22nd, and last of every month, pp. 4, with 
 supplements. Hamburg : begun 1861. 4to. (In progress. ) 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 77 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 London Press Journal (The) and General Trades Advocate (late the 
 Typographical Circular). Edited by Mr. Edwin Shelley Mantz. 
 London : 1858-59. 8vo. 
 
 There is no copy of this periodical in Besides trade news it gave tales and 
 the British Museum. The paper had a literary sketches, not always of a very 
 very brief existence, No. 4, published high order. — See Typographical Circular 
 January 21, 1859, being the last issued. (1854-58), at p. 192. 
 
 London, Provincial, and Colonial Press News. A monthly literary 
 and business journal for printers, newspaper proprietors, editors, 
 booksellers, publishers, bookbinders, stationers, and every trade 
 connected with the production of a book. Conducted by William 
 Dorrington. London: begun 1866. 8v >. (In progress.) 
 
 McGill’s Reporter. Louisville. Monthly, fob, pp. 8. 
 
 Magasin typographique. Publication de la Fonderie Haas a Bale. 
 French, German, and Italian text. With illustrated notices. 
 Nos. 1 to 10. Each part from 8 to 16 pages. Bale : 1861-66. 
 Large 4to. 
 
 Appeared at irregular intervals, generally every three months. 
 
 Messager des Sciences et des Arts. Recueil publie par la Societe des 
 Beaux Arts et des Lettres, &c. Gand : 1823-80. 8vo. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 1st Series, 1823-30, 6 vols., with 96 plates. 
 
 2nd Series, 1833-38, 6 vols., with 75 plates. 
 
 3rd Series, 1839-44, 6 vols., with 80 plates. 
 
 4th Series, 1845-50, 6 vols., with 80 plates. 
 
 5th Series, 1851-56, 6 vols. 
 
 6th Series, 1857-80, 24 vols. 
 
 Appears three times monthly. The title has been changed for each series. The 
 series now in currency is entitled Messager des Sciences historiques, des Arts , et 
 de la Bibliographie de Belgique. Contains a great number of highly interesting 
 articles concerning the history of typography. 
 
 Messaggiere tipografico. Published by Rosolino Limandri & Cie. 
 Monthly. Palermo : 1877. (In progress.) 
 
 Mexican Trade Joiurnal. Santa Cruz : 1878. Monthly. (In progress. ) 
 
 Printed in Spanish and English. Originally started as a printers’ organ, it has 
 since become an advertising medium for traders in general. 
 
 Mirror of Typography (The). Published by T. H. Senior. Quarterly, 
 pp. 16; later, monthly. New York : 1869-74. 8vo. 
 
 Mittheilungen an Deutschlands Buchdrucker. Organ fiir die 
 Nichtverbands-Gehiilfen Deutschlands. Published by the Leipzig 
 Printers’ Association. Twice monthly. Leipzig: 1870-75. 4to. 
 
 The editorship was frequently changed, named ; from No. 5, March, 1872, Hein- 
 Nos. 1-6 were published by Hein. Fischer, rich Burckhardt (died February 5, 1878) 
 and edited by Rob. Gehler ; it was then acted as editor. The last number (12) 
 edited by H. Fischer alone ; during the appeared in September, 1875. 
 
 2nd and 3rd years the editor was not 
 
 VOL. II- 2 A 
 
1 7 S Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Mittheilungen an Schweizerische Buchdruckerei-Besitzer. Published by 
 the Zurich Society of Master Printers. Founded November I, 
 1872. Large 8vo. 
 
 Only 3 numbers of it appeared, at B. F. Haller, Bern ; and edited by Haller- 
 irregular intervals, as also a series of 12 Goldschach. These were the precursors 
 publications of the society, called “ circu- of Mittheilungen fur den V erein 
 lars.” These were at first (Nos. 1-7) Schweizerischer Buchdruckerei-Besitzer 
 printed by Zollikofer, St. Gall ; later by (q.v.). 
 
 Mittheilungen deS deutschen Buchdrucker-Vereins. Official organ of 
 the German Master-Printers’ Association, and sent gratis to the 
 members. Responsible editor, the society’s secretary, F. E. Hillig. 
 Printed by Breitkopf & Hartel. Leipzig : begun 1876. Large 
 8vo. j(In progress.) 
 
 Appears at various intervals. Up to July, 1880, Nos. 1 to 32 have appeared. 
 
 Mittheilungen fur Buchdrucker und Schriftgiesser. Edited by H. 
 Kannegiesser. Printed and published by Jansen. 1 1 parts a 
 year. Berlin : 1852-56. Small 4to. 
 
 The continuation of Gutenberg (q.v.) in 1853, the management devolved on 
 when it was hunted to death by the K. Frolich and Jansen. In 1854 there was 
 reactionary police of 1852. Thirty-seven added a supplement entitled Nachtvioleil 
 numbers appeared between 1852 and (q.v.) : but it was discontinued two years 
 1856. After the death of Kannegiesser, later. 
 
 Mittheilungen fiir den Verein Schweizerischer Buchdruckerei-Besitzer. 
 Printed by Orell, Fiissli, & Co. Zurich : begun 1874. Large 
 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Twelve numbers yearly of 8 to 16 Ferd. Riehm, Basel, and do not give the 
 pages, at irregular intervals. The official editor’s name. With No. 50, of Get. 18, 
 organ of the society. It is printed in 1877, the first volume was concluded. 
 Roman characters. Up to December, C. H. Ulrich Gysi, Zurich, is at present 
 1876, it was edited by Haller-Goldschach. editor. {See Mittheilungen an Schwei- 
 Nos. 48-50 of the year 1877 are printed by zerische, &c.) 
 
 Mittheilungen iiber den Thiiringischen Buchdruckerverein und dessen 
 Unterstiitzungskassen aus den Jahren 1850 bis 1869. Als Manu- 
 script fiir die Mitglieder gedruckt. Printed at the Court printing- 
 office of Engelhard-Reyher. Gotha : 1870. 4to. vi., pp. 50. 
 
 Idem. Aus den Jahren 1870-74 und Gesammtnachweisungen 
 
 aus den Jahren 1870-74. 4to. 2 sheets, pp. 39. 
 
 Moniteur de l’lmprimerie (Le). Journal special de la Librairie, de la 
 Papeterie, etc., paraissant le Dimanche. Proprietor, Alex. Bedot. 
 Printer, Vrayet de Surcy. Paris : i860. Folio, pp. 4. 
 
 The only numbers of this journal which appeared were those of April 1 and 15, 
 May 1 and 16, June 20, and August 5, i860. 
 
 Moniteur (Le) de la Librairie ancienne et moderne, de la Typographic, 
 et des Industries qui s’y rattachent. Par Querard. Paris : 1842-44. 
 8vo. 
 
 (See Hatin, “ Bibl. de la Presse peripdique,” p. 603.) As a continuation of this 
 appeared the Bulletin typographique of M. Laboulaye. Begun January 1, 1844. 
 
i79 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications: — 
 
 Nachtviolen. Sammlung deutsclier Originalnovellen von Buch- 
 druckern. 
 
 Was begun in 1854, as a literary supplement to M ittheilungen fur Buchdrucker, 
 &c. (g.v.), and discontinued in September, 1856. 
 
 Naprzod. Doutygodnik poswiecony sprawom drukarskim. Editor 
 and publisher, Jan Wartynsky. Appeared fortnightly. Lvovv 
 (Lemberg): 1877. Small 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 Navorscher (De), een middel tot gedachtenwisseling en letterkundig 
 verkeer tusschen alien die iets vveten, iets te vragen hebben, of 
 iets kunnen oplossen. Amsterdam: 1851 -So. Large 8vo. 
 
 A periodical work of the Notes and graphy. The publication is continued 
 Queries class. It contains a number of regularly, twenty-nine volumes having 
 articles, more or less learned, concerning been issued up to 1879. 
 the invention and the history of typo- 
 
 Nederlandsche Spectator (De). ’s Gravenhage : 1860-80. Weekly. 
 4to. 8 pages and 1 plate. (In progress.) 
 
 Contains many interesting articles concerning the history of typography, by 
 MM. Campbell, Tiele, Van der Linde, &c. * 
 
 New Impressions. Issued by J. L. Chapin & Co., 46, Rathbone 
 Place, London. Quarterly. 4to. pp. 4. Begun 1880. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 An advertising medium for the American type, machinery, and appliances, im- 
 ported by Messrs. Chapin & Co. 
 
 Newspaper Press. Edited by Alexander Andrews. Monthly. 1867 
 to 1872. 4to. 
 
 In July, 1872, it passed into the possession of the proprietor and publisher of the 
 Printers' Register (q.vi), and the two journals have been incorporated. 
 
 New York Lithograph. A Journal of Lithography and Literature. 
 Charles Hart, publisher. No. 1, Jan., 1874. Folio. 
 
 We believe it was discontinued after the appearance of the second number. 
 
 New Zealand Press News and Typographical Circular. Monthly. 
 Published by Geo. Walker, Walker Street, Dunedin (New Zea- 
 land) : 1875. 4 to * 
 
 Was incorporated with the Colonial Printers’ Register (g.'v.) in 1879. 
 
 Nieuwsblad voor den Boekhandel. ’s Gravenhage and Amsterdam : 
 1880. 46th year. (In progress. ) 
 
 Contains many articles concerning the history of typography. 
 
 Nonpareil. Published by Crichton & Co. New York: 1868. 4to. 
 
 Nordisk Boktryckeri-Tidning. Publisher, J. G. Nordin. Printed by 
 P. A. Norstedt & Soner. Monthly. Stockholm: 1869-77. 
 Large 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 Discontinued at the end of 1877, after an existence of nine years. 
 
180 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Norsk Boghandler Tedende. Christiania, Norway. Begun July, 
 1879. (In progress. ) 
 
 North Western (The). Quarterly. Printed and published by Benton, 
 Gove, & Co. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. : 1874. 4to. 
 pp. 16. 
 
 Obsoryerr grafitscheszkichjer iszkusztzwjer ( Review of the graphic arts). 
 Publisher, R. Schneider; editor, P. A. Michailow. St. Peters- 
 burg. Semi-monthly. Large 4to. 
 
 Oesterreichische Buchdrucker-Zeitung. Wochenblatt fiir fachliche 
 Interessen. Organ of the Vienna Corporation of Letterpress, 
 Lithographic, and Copperplate Printers of the Germano-Austrian 
 Printers’ Society and of the Society of Vienna Foremen Printers 
 and Typefounders. Printed and published by Fr. Jasper. 
 Appeared every Tuesday, | to 1 sheet, double columns. With 
 supplements. Since 1878 every Thursday. Vienna : begun 1873. 
 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Publisher and responsible editor for in Roman characters on toned paper, 
 the first year. Nos. 1-4, Jos. Mitter ; In 1880, on the dissolution of the Master 
 from No. 5, Friedr. Jasper; later, Buchner Printers’ Association, it became the pro- 
 and Jos. Heim ; and now C. Dittmarsch, perty of the Viennese Graphic Club, 
 in Vienna. Since 1878 it has been printed 
 
 Oesterreichische Typographia. Journal fiir Arbeiter von Arbeitern. 
 Publisher, Jos. Herm. Hillisch. Printed in the MechitaristCn 
 Printing-office. Weekly. Vienna : 1848. 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 The first number appeared on the 2nd July, and after the double number 12 and 
 13, of August 13, the journal was discontinued. 
 
 Oesterreichische Typographia. Zeitschrift fiir Buchdrucker, Schrift- 
 giesser, Xylographen und Lithographen. Publisher and respon- 
 sible editor, Ed. Popel. Vienna : 1865, 1866. 4to. 
 
 Appeared twice each month, viz;, on the 1st and 15th ; now discontinued. 
 
 Oesterreichisches Buchdrucker-Organ. Editor, C. Ph. Hueber. Printed 
 by A. Pichler’s widow. Weekly. Vienna : 1848. Large 8vo. 
 
 Only 11 numbers appeared, the last on October 24, 1848. It was devoted to 
 the progress of the art and the improvement of the condition of the workmen, 
 from an intellectual and material point of view. 
 
 Operaio tipografico. Lisboa : 1877. 
 
 Portuguese workmen’s organ. 
 
 Organ der Buchdrucker- Vereine Deutschlands. Edited by Chr. Fr. 
 Rodiger and J. H. Aug. Suss. Published by a Society of Foremen 
 and Journeymen. Appeared fortnightly in numbers of 4 pages. 
 Leipzig: 1850-51. Small 4to. 
 
 This journal was directed against the numbers : 12, 13, on October 19 ; 14, 15, 
 efforts of the Gutenberg Union. It ap- November 28 ; 16, 17, January, 1851 ; 18, 
 peared fortnightly till the 25th of Sep- 19, February ; and then ceased to exist, 
 teinber (No. 11) ; afterwards in double 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 8 
 
 Periodical Publications: — 
 
 Oude Kolporteur (De). Gewijd aan de belangen des Boekhandels en 
 aanverwante vakken. D. Allart. Monthly. Amsterdam : begun 
 1877. 4to. — See also Kolporteur. 
 
 Our Occasional. Published by the Cincinnati Type Foundry, 
 201, Vine Street. 410. pp. 12. Begun 1873. (In progress.) 
 
 A mere periodical specimen sheet, issued by this foundry, which is carried on as 
 a joint-stock company, Mr. Charles Wells being treasurer. 
 
 Pacific Coast Advertiser. Issued monthly by the Pacific Coast 
 Advertising Agency, Bean & Co., 410, Montgomery Street, San 
 Francisco. Demy folio. Discontinued in 1871. pp. 4. 
 
 Although chiefly intended as a press organ, the Advertiser devoted considerable 
 attention to printing matters, and especially to the productions of the California 
 Type Foundry, successors to William Faulkner & Son. - 
 
 Pacific Printer. Trade Circular of the Scotch Type Foundry. 
 Published monthly at the Miller & Richard Printers’ Warehouse, 
 529, Commercial Street, and 205, Leidesdorff Street, San Fran- 
 cisco, California, by J. J. Palmer. Begun 1877. 4-to. PP- 8, 
 
 in wrapper. (In progress.) 
 
 The first page bears the sub-title — Art of Printing, historically, theoreti- 
 “ Miller & Richard’s Trade Circular, cally, and practically, considered, by the 
 devoted to the advancement of the print- Editor,” but which is an impudent ap- 
 ing interests of the Pacific Coast, and propriation, verbatim, of Southward’s 
 the introduction of Scotch type.” Then “ Practical Printing.” 
 follows a paper, regularly headed, “ The 
 
 Pacific Specimen. The typographic journal of the Pacific Coast. 
 Published quarterly, by Marder, Luse, & Co., at the Pacific 
 Type Foundry, 532, Clay Street, San Francisco. 4to. pp. 12, 
 only 4 of which consist of reading matter. 
 
 Page’s Wood-Type Album. Published quarterly, by the William H. 
 Page Wood-Type Company, Norwich, Connecticut, U.S.A. 
 Large quarto. 32 to 40 pages. 
 
 A periodical specimen-book and price- cism of jobbing specimens, &c., and 
 list, issued from the great American there is a selection of miscellaneous 
 wood-type manufactory. One or two advertisements addressed to printers, 
 pages are devoted to trade news, criti- 
 
 Paper and Print. A weekly newspaper for printers, typefounders, 
 engineers, machinists, paper-makers, stationers, bookbinders’ 
 material manufacturers, &c. Weekly. Crown folio, pp. 8. 
 No. 1, August 2, 1879. (In progress.) 
 
 Originally published by Messrs, pleted July 24, 1880, consisting of 416 
 Straker & Co., of Bishopsgate Avenue, pages ; a new volume was begun the 
 and printed at their works at Redhill, following week, and the publication is 
 the journal is now printed by its editor, regularly continued. It is the only 
 proprietor, and publisher, Mr. Henry weekly Printing-trade organ issued in 
 Francis Gough, at 21, Maude Road, ' England at the present time (1881). 
 Camberwell. The first volume was com- 
 
182 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Paper and Printing Trades Journal. Published by Field & Tuer. 
 Edited by Andrew W. Tuer. Quarterly. 50, Leadenhall-street, 
 London : begun 1872. 4L0. (In progress.) 
 
 A feature of this journal is the publica- successfully inaugurated in connexion 
 tion with each issue of a more or less with this journal : the first two volumes 
 useful trade table. Its information, of Specimens have already been com- 
 which is amusingly put together, is given pleted. An “ Index to the Paper and 
 in a condensed form, and in a style that Printing Trades Journal” (Nos. i. to 
 savours somewhat of the Transatlantic xxxii.), compiled by Edwin P. Pearce, 
 journalist'. A “Printers’ International has been issued (Taunton : 1881). 
 Specimen Exchange ” has (1880-81) been 
 
 Paper Consumers’ Trade Circular. Published by Roland Ladelle. 
 Issued at irregular intervals. London: begun 1879. 4to. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 Intended as an advertising medium for a wholesale stationery firm by whom it is 
 published. The Circular contains a small amount of matter (chiefly copied without 
 acknowledgment from other journals) relating to printing. 
 
 Paper World. Holyoke, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Monthly. Con- 
 ducted by Clark W. Bryan. 4to. pp. 40. (In progress.) 
 
 The title of this journal insufficiently than any other American trade journal, 
 indicates its scope, which the motto above The first page is always occupied with a 
 the leaders states includes everything memoir and portrait of some eminent 
 connected with “white paper, black American connected with paper and 
 ink, and the printing-press.’’ It is well print, under the title of “Men who 
 edited, and contains more reading matter have succeeded.” 
 
 Papierhandel (Der). Organ fur die Interessen der gesammten Papier 
 industrie u. des Schreibmaterialienhandels, sowie der verwandten 
 Zweige : Buchbinde-rei, Buchdruckerei, Lithographic, u. s. w. 
 Appears fortnightly. 1 sheet. Published by M. Kraft, of Brugg, 
 to represent the interests of the entire paper industry, stationery, 
 &c., and various branches, in Switzerland. Brugg : 1873-78. 
 Folio. 
 
 Pearl Press (The). Published by Golding & Co. Boston : 1876. 
 Small 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 Petites Affiches (Les) de la Librairie, de lTmprimerie, de la Litho- 
 graphic, de la Photographic. Printed by Le Clerc & Cie. 
 M. Hubert, rue de Vaugirard. Paris : 1873. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Only one number published, for May, 1873. 
 
 Polygraphisches Centralblatt. Organ fiir Lithographic, Steindruckerei 
 und verwandte Geschaftszweige. Edited and published by Mor. 
 Schafer ; since 1876 by Rud. Hartmann. 24 numbers annually, 
 with explanatory supplements. Leipzig: 18 66- . Large 4to. 
 
 Printed to the end of 1873 in German characters, but since in Roman. 
 
 Post-Office Directory of Stationers, Printers, Booksellers, Publishers, 
 and Paper-makers, of England, Scotland,' and Wales, and the 
 Principal Towns in Ireland. London : Kelly & Co. 1880. 
 Third edition. — See Post Office Directory,/^/. 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 183 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 Praca (Work). Monthly. Lemberg : 1878. 
 
 In the Polish language. Represents the trade of the country generally, and has 
 been selected as its organ by the local printers’ union. 
 
 Press (The). Published by Horton & Leonard. Quarterly. Chicago : 
 1870. 4to. 
 
 Press and Type. A Journal of Typography. Chicago : 1880. 4to. 
 
 It is the property of Messrs. Creswell, and sixteen pages of type specimen-sheets. 
 Warner, & Co., of the Mechanics’ Type An original article that appeared in The 
 Foundry Company, Chicago, and is Printing Times and Lithographer for 
 mainly devoted to bring that firm’s novel- June, 1879, is here reproduced as one of 
 ties under the attention of printers, the pieces de resistance without a word of 
 Number 3, dated November, 1880, is acknowledgment, 
 made up of four pages reading matter 
 
 Press News. A journal devoted to the interests of the Printers of 
 the South and South-West. Published by R. P. Yorkston, 
 21 1, North Third Street, St. Louis. Monthly. St. Louis, Mo., 
 
 U.S. A. : begun Jan., 1S78. 
 
 A twelve-page quarto paper, four pages 
 occupied with articles and trade news, 
 and the remainder with advertisements, 
 the publisher being the manager of the 
 St. Louis Branch of the Campbell Print- 
 ing Press and Manufacturing Company. 
 The editor says that he has had ‘ 1 nine- 
 
 teen years’ experience in this sort of jour- 
 nalism,” and that he makes the Press 
 News “ a representative journal, a thing 
 of light and life, ready only for what is 
 new, and with no room in its columns for 
 what is old.” The tone of the paper is, 
 however, neither cultured nor refined. 
 
 Presse Ouvriere (La). No. 1, Feb. 12, 1869. Brussels . — See La 
 
 Greve des Typographes. 
 
 Printer (The). Published by R. Thompson, 1, Little James-street, 
 Gray’s Inn-lane. London : 1844- . 4to. 
 
 We possess a few numbers (beginning with No. 6, for April, 1844) of this early 
 typographical serial, which is now very rare ; and there is not a copy in the British 
 Museum. It appears to have had but a short existence. 
 
 Printer (The). Monthly. Published by Henry & Huntington, later by 
 John Greason & Co. New York : 1858-61. Imp. 4to. pp. 20. 
 Appeared at very irregular intervals . — See Chromatic Art Magazine. 
 
 Printer (The). Monthly. Philadelphia : 1873-74. 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 Printer and the Press (The). Kansas City. Published by Frank L. 
 Hasbrook. Begun 1879. 
 
 Printer’s Blotter (ye) : a Votarie of ye William Caxton and ye Bn. 
 Franklin. Published for private circulation. Imprinted and pub- 
 lished atween times, by Edwin C. Bell, Titusville, Pennsylvania. 
 8vo. pp. 6, in wrapper. No. 0001, vol'. 0001, issued March, 
 1880. 
 
 This was to be issued “ for those who deprecated criticism by the reminder, 
 may take an interest in items of news “no price is charged.” We have not 
 and otherwise pertaining to the ‘ arc of received a later copy. Had the Blotter 
 arts.’ ” It was to “ note and preserve in served the purpose indicated by its title 
 a convenient form items and sketches of it might at least have been of some use to 
 the history of printing ” ; and the editor those into whose hands it fell. 
 
1 84 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Printer’s Miscellany (The). An exponent of Printing and all the kin- 
 dred arts. Monthly. St. John’s, New Brunswick : begun 1876. 
 8vo. pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
 Printer’s Miscellany (The). Quarterly. Francis Hart & Co. New 
 York : 1859. 4to. 
 
 Three numbers only issued. 
 
 Printer’s Portfolio (The). Illustrated. Published by the Ilarpel 
 Printing Company. Oscar H. Harpel, editor. Quarterly. Cin- 
 cinnati : 1872. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Printers-Artisan (The). Published and printed by C. C. Child. 
 Quarterly 1 sheet. Boston : begun 1873. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 We believe it has only appeared once in the last two years. 
 
 Printers’ Bulletin (The). Bi-monthly. Printed and published by the 
 Boston Type Foundry. Boston : 1869. 4to. 
 
 Printers’ Circular. A record of Typography, Literature, Arts, and 
 Sciences. Monthly. R. S. Menamin, editor and publisher, 
 515, Minor Street. Philadelphia: begun 1866. Small4to. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 In 1879 the sub-title was altered to : A Record of Typography, Paper-making, 
 Lithography, Bookbinding, and Publishing ; and in 1880 the title was thus re- 
 arranged : — 
 
 Printers’ Circular and Stationers’ and Publishers’ Gazette (The). A 
 monthly record of events of interest to Printers, Publishers, 
 Stationers, Lithographers, Bookbinders, Paper-makers, and kin- 
 dred industries. 
 
 One of the oldest and best of the de Vinne has also written many im- 
 American printers’ journals, it has con- portant papers, among them a series on 
 tained contributions by some of the lead- the Life of Caxton. Mr. Southward’s 
 ing technical writers. Mrs. Jessie E. Dictionary of Typography was published 
 Ringwalt, wife of the editor of the in the Circular simultaneously with the 
 “ American Encyclopaedia of Printing,” Printers Register , and formed the nu- 
 Mr. J. Luther Ringwalt, has for many cleus for Mr. Ringwalt’s larger Encydo- 
 years written almost invariably the first paedia. The publisher, Mr. Menamin, 
 articles, chiefly of a biographical, his- is a type-broker, printers’-engineer, and 
 torical, or literary character, many of agent in a large way of business, and 
 them having been reprinted in the stand- his journal is the organ of the National 
 ard work mentioned. Mr. Theo. L. Typographical Union. 
 
 Printers’ Friend (The). A Quarterly for Printers and Stationers. 
 London : 1880. Large 4to. 
 
 No. 1 of Vol. i. is dated November 8, an advertisement sheet, partly filled with 
 1880. The publishers and proprietors extracts from various printing-trade 
 are Messrs. Blackman & Co., Engravers, journals. 
 
 It consists of eight pages, and is merely' 
 
 Printers’ Friend. Monthly. New York. 
 
 Printers’ Guide (The). Bi-monthly. San Francisco, California. 
 Printers’ Journal. Quarterly. Boston. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 185 
 
 Periodical Publications 
 
 Printers’ Journal (The). Cincinnati Type Foundry. Quarterly. 
 Cincinnati : 1871. 4to. 
 
 Printers’ Journal (The) and Typographical Magazine. Devoted to the 
 interests of every department of typography, both metropolitan 
 and provincial. London : 1865-69. 8vo. 
 
 This magazine was begun January 2, street. It was gradually enlarged until 
 1865, as an 8-pp. octavo fortnightly, 1867, when it had expanded to 24 pages, 
 printed by James Humphreys, at 26, From the beginning of 1868 it was altered 
 Brydges Street, Covent Garden, and in size to 16 quarto pages, and issued 
 published by the Newsagents’ Publishing weekly, under the title of The Printers' 
 Company, Limited, 147, Fleet Street. Journal and Typographical Magazine , 
 From April 3, 1865, it was printed by Mr. a Weekly Record of Typography , Lite- 
 Thomas Plackett ; and after July, in con- nature. Science, and the T'hie Arts. It 
 junction with Mr. Benjamin Alfred was finally discontinued, March 22, 1869. 
 Moody, at 140, Salisbury-court, Fleet- 
 
 Printers’ Magazine. An illustrated monthly journal, devoted to 
 
 Typography, Lithography, Engraving, and the auxiliary trades. 
 Published at 30 & 32, Arch Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Earl 
 Marble, editor and publisher. No. 1, March, 1880. 4to. 
 pp. 16, in wrapper. 
 
 The first number consisted of three “A Printer on the Limitations of En- 
 articles — the “Early History of Typo- graving,” from the same journal ; all 
 graphy,” copied bodily from De Vinne’s reprinted as original articles. A few 
 “Invention of Printing” ; “Woodcuts, items of news and the advertisements 
 taking proofs,” copied verbatim from the completed the number. We have not 
 Printing Times and Lithographer , and received a copy of any subsequent issue'. 
 
 Printers’ Press (The). Kansas City, Missouri. Small 4to. 
 
 Printers’ Register. London : begun 1863. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 The first number of this periodical was the projector of the journal, and its pro- 
 published July 1, 1863, by James Caton, prietor from the beginning until his death, 
 Salisbury-square. For the first twelve since which time it has been conducted 
 months it was given away, but in the by his son, Mr. Arthur C. J. Powell, 
 following July it was issued at a penny, barrister-at-law (see Powell). With it is 
 and printed and edited by Mr. William incorporated The Newspaper Press. In 
 Dorringtnn, who retired from it in 1866 1879 a new sub-title was added : the Sta - 
 
 to start- his Press News. The late Mr. tioner and Bookbinder's Record. 
 
 Joseph M. Powell (who died in 1874) was 
 
 Printers’ Register. Published by Schraubstadter & St. John, Central 
 Type Foundry. St. Louis : 1875. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Printers’ Surprise. Quarterly. Boston. 4to. (In progress. ) 
 Printing Gazette. London : 1877. Monthly. 
 
 Printing Gazette (The). Coxsackie, New York: begun 1877. (In pro- 
 gress. ) 
 
 Published at irregular intervals. 
 
 Printing Gazette (The). G. S. Newcomb & Co. Monthly. Cleve- 
 land, Ohio : begun 1867. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 Printing Interest. Organ of the Book and Job Printers’ Protective 
 Trade Bureau. E. B. Trip.p, editor and publisher. Monthly. 
 New York. 4to. pp. 8. (In progress. ) 
 
 VOL. II. 2 B 
 
\ 
 
 186 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Printing Press (The). Issued by the Chicago Franklin Society. 
 Chicago : 1875-76. 8vo. 
 
 This was a very commendable attempt responding secretary of the society, 
 at technical journalism, and it is to be The first volume consisted of the quar- 
 regretted that it was so short lived. The terly Nos. 1-4 (July, 1875 ; April, 1876), 
 Printing Press was intended to be the pp. 72, with title and index. Vol. 2 con- 
 organ of the Franklin Society of Chicago, sisted of No. 5 (June 1876), No. 6 (Au- 
 “ for the purpose of making more widely gust, 1876), No. 7 (October, 1876), after 
 known its objects and purposes.” It which no more were published. The 
 was edited by Mr. Henry R. Boss, cor- Franklin Society is now (1881) defunct. 
 
 Printing Review. A monthly journal devoted to the interests of the 
 Printing and kindred trades. Monthly. Publisher, Alfred George, 
 7, Castle-street East, Oxford-street. London: begun 1879. 4to. 
 pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
 A working-class representative organ. 
 
 Printing Times (The). London : 1873-74. 4to. 
 
 The Printing Times was started by the hands of Messrs. Wyman & Sons, 
 Mr. Alfred Gadsby, of Bouverie-street, who had previously acquired the Litho- 
 and subsequently of Liverpool, in Jan., grapher, and the two journals were 
 1873, being edited by Mr. John Lovell, incorporated under the title of The 
 then manager of the Press Association, Printing Times and Lithographer (q.v.). 
 Limited. In August, 1874, it passed into 
 
 The following is a synopsis of the particulars relating to the combined journals : - 
 Lithographer. Printing Times. 
 
 Vol. I. July, 1870, to June, 1871, pp. 196. Vol. I. Jan., 1873, to Dec., 1873, pp. 192. 
 
 Vol. II. July, 1871, to June. 1872, pp.196. Vol. II. Jan., 1874, to July, 1874, pp. 112. 
 
 Vol. III. July, 1872, to June, 1873, pp.196. (Amalgamated with the Lithographer .) 
 Vol. IV. July, 1873, to June, 1874, pp.282. A New Series of the combined journals 
 
 Vol. V. July, i 874, pp. 24. has been since issued with the following 
 
 (Amalgamated with Printing Times.) title: — 
 
 Printing Times and Lithographer (The). An illustrated technical and 
 fine-art Journal of Typography, Lithography, Paper-making and 
 the auxiliary Trades. Published by Wyman & Sons, London. 
 Edited by C. W. H. Wyman. Appears on the 15th of every 
 month. London: incorporated 1874. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Vol. V., Lithographer, and Vol. II., Printing Times , Aug. to Dec., 1874, pp. 268. 
 
 NEW SERIES. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 I. 
 
 January to December, 
 
 1875, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii., 
 
 , 266, and 
 
 182. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 II. 
 
 do. 
 
 1876, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii.. 
 
 , 222, and 
 
 228. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 III. 
 
 do. 
 
 18 77, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii.. 
 
 , 264, and 
 
 310. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 IV. 
 
 do. 
 
 1878, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii.. 
 
 , 266, and 
 
 252. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 V. 
 
 do. 
 
 1879, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii. 
 
 , 284, and 
 
 284. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 VI. 
 
 do. 
 
 1880, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii.. 
 
 , 296, and 
 
 278. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 VII. 
 
 do. 
 
 1881, 
 
 pp. 
 
 viii., 
 
 , 316, and 
 
 292. 
 
 Printing Trades’ Diary and Desk-Book (The).' Compiled by the Editor 
 of The Printing Times and Lithographer. London : 1879. 4to. 
 (Published annually.) 
 
 Encouraged by the fact that no attempt the publishers brought out this work, 
 had hitherto been made to supply a It meets the requirements of principals, 
 suitable business Diary for the use of the overseers, and managers connected with 
 numerous and important class connected the Letterpress and Lithographic Print- 
 with Printing and its allied industries, ing, Stationery, Bookbinding, and auxil- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 87 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 iary trades. In addition to general, 
 commercial, and legal information, its 
 contents comprise : — 
 
 Apprentices : Laws relative to. — Form 
 of Indenture of Apprenticeship. 
 Bookbinding Memoranda: List of Tech- 
 nical Terms used. 
 
 Calendar for the Year. 
 
 Counting-house Memoranda : Registra- 
 tion of Printing-presses. — Charging of 
 Job Work.— New Hands. — Holidays, 
 &c. — Factory Acts. 
 
 Diary : Three Days on a Page, inter- 
 leaved with blotting-paper. 
 
 Laws relating to Printing and the Press : 
 I. Printing generally. —II. Libel.— 
 III. Registration and Postage of 
 Newspapers. — IV. Copyright. 
 Lithographic Memoranda. 
 
 London Scales of Prices : Brief sketch of 
 the origin of the “ Scale.” — Index to 
 Book work Scale. — The London Book- 
 work Scale.— Parliamentary Scale. — 
 News Scale. — Rules affecting Composi- 
 tors working on Weekly Newspapers. 
 Printers’ Chapel : Chapel Rules of a 
 London Printing-office. 
 
 Provincial Scales : Aberdeen News Scale. 
 — Dundee News Scale. — Edinburgh 
 and Glasgow Book and News Scales. — 
 Greenock News Scale. — Inverness 
 News Scale. — Leeds Book, News, and 
 Jobbing Scales. — Manchester Book and 
 News Scale. 
 
 Rates of Compositors’ Wages in the 
 Provinces. v 
 
 Relative Sizes of Type. — Number of 
 Leads to a Pound. — Table of Signa- 
 tures and Folios. 
 
 Some Decisions of the late Master Print- 
 ers’ Association. 
 
 Warehouse Memoranda : Sizes of Papers, 
 Cards, Glazeboards, Millboards, and 
 Account Books. — Table for Giving out 
 Paper. — Relative Weights of a Ream 
 of Paper containing 480, 500, and 516 
 sheets. — Relative Weights of Writing 
 Paper of various sizes.— Etc. 
 
 Mere elementary matter is avoided, 
 the aim being to present, in a convenient 
 and accessible form, information which 
 the master tradesman may require in the 
 course of business. Great pains have 
 been taken in this compilation. 
 
 Printing World (The). Devoted to the interests of the Printing and 
 Stationery Trades. New York : begun in January, 1881. Con- 
 ducted by J. W. Denison. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Progres Typo-lithographe. By Celestin Rohan. Sedan (Ardennes) : 
 begun October, 1880. 
 
 Proof Sheet (The). Weekly. Published by Damon & Peets. New 
 York. 
 
 Proof Sheet (The). Illustrated. Edited by Eugene H. Munday, 
 published by Collins & McLeester. Philadelphia: begun July, 
 1867. 8vo. pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
 Appeared at first fortnightly, then monthly, and since 1874 s i x times in the year. 
 
 Provincial Typographical Circular. Issued by the Provincial Typo- 
 graphical Association. Monthly. Manchester : 1853-1877. 
 
 8ve. pp. 16. 
 
 After 1877 the name of the journal was changed to the Typographical Circular. 
 — See post. 
 
 Publisher’s Auxiliary (The). Publisher, A. N. Kellog. Monthly. 
 Chicago : begun 1868. Folio, pp. 8 of 5 cols. (In progress.) 
 Besides publishing interests it occupies itself with printing, papermaking, and 
 type-founding, and is issued gratis. 
 
 Publishers’ Circular (The), and General Record of British and Foreign 
 Literature. 1st and 15th of each month, London: 1837. 8vo. 
 (In progress.) 
 
 For many years this useful publication was edited by Mr. Sampson Low, head of 
 the firm which owns it. The notes which form the preliminary part of each number 
 occasionally contain information on printing and printers. 
 
88 
 
 Bibliography of Fruiting. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Publishers and Stationers’ Trade Circular. A journal devoted to the 
 interests of the Publishing, Printing, Stationery, &c. Official 
 organ of the Publishers’ Board of Trade. New York : 1852. 8vo. 
 
 This is now the Publishers' Weekly, published by F. Leypoldt, Park Place, New 
 York, U.S. 
 
 Quadrat (The). Published originally by A. C. Bakewell & Co., since 
 by Allan C. Kerr & Co. Edited by J. F. Marthens. Monthly. 
 Pittsburg: begun 1873. 8vo. pp. 20. (In progress.) 
 
 Record (The). Published by T. C. Evans. Monthly. Boston : 
 1871. 4to. 
 
 Reporter. Boston, Mass. 18—. 
 
 A we'ekly journal devoted to typography and journalism. It appeared for a year 
 and eight months only, the proprietors during that time having, it is stated, lost 
 10,000 dollars by it. 
 
 Review of the Graphic Arts. Publisher and proprietor, R. Schneider. 
 Editor, P. A. Michailow. Printed by Rottger & Schneider, 
 Newski-Prospekt No. 5. St. Petersburg : begun 1878. Imp. 4to. 
 
 pp. 8. 
 
 Appeared twice monthly in the Russian language. Now discontinued.— See 
 Obsoryerr. 
 
 Revisio ! Elczlap. A comic paper. Publisher, Angyal Guyla. Editor, 
 Sogor Gyorgy. Appeared on the 1st and 151I1 of every month. 
 Pesth : 1869. Large 4to. pp. 4, illustrated. 
 
 A typographic “Punch” in the Hungarian and German languages. It seems 
 riot 'to have gone on beyond its first year. 
 
 Revue bibliographique. Journal de bibliologie, d’histoire litteraire, 
 d’imprimerie, et de librairie. Publie par deux bibliophiles, J. M. 
 Querard et Serge Polteratzky. 10 numbers. Printed by F. Didot. 
 Paris : 1839. 8vo. 
 
 See Hatin, “ Bibliographie de la Presse periodique,” p. 603. 
 
 Revue bibliographique. Moniteur de l’imprimerie et de la librairie 
 frangaise. Journal des publications nouvelles. Appears on the 
 10th, 20th, and 30th of each month. Proprietor and manager, 
 Dupray de la Maherie. Paris : 1862. Large 4to. 
 
 Revue bibliographique du Royaume des Pays-Bas et de l’etranger, ou 
 l’lndicateur general de lTmprimerie. 9 vols. Bruxelles: 1822-30. 
 8vo. 
 
 Revue de l’imprimerie. Recueil mensuel des progres graphiques des 
 Deux Mondes. Publiee par les Soins de l’Administration des 
 Usines Gutenberg. Printed at the Imprimerie des Usines Guten- 
 berg de Geneva. 4to. pp. 20, in wrapper. Begun 1876. 
 
 The organ of the Gutenberg Works, Geneva, founded by Ch. Bonnet & Co. 
 Was discontinued, after a three months’ existence, 'the “Usines Gutenberg” 
 failed. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 189 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Rounds’ Printer’s Cabinet. Quarterly. Published by S. P. Rounds. 
 Chicago: begun 1857. Folio, pp. 18-24. (In progress.) 
 Devoted to printing, type-founding, and papermaking. 
 
 St. Louis Typograph. Published by Werner & Alexander. St. Louis: 
 1877. 
 
 Savanyu. Nyomdasz elczlap. Megjelenik havonkent haromszor. 
 Publisher, A. Schonberger. Editor, Dadai Geza. Founded 
 May 1, 1870. Weekly, illustrated. Szegedin. 
 
 A sort of typographic “Punch.” We have no knowledge of its further 
 appearance. 
 
 » Scottish Typographical Circular. Editor, David Hunter. Monthly. 
 Edinburgh : begun 1857. 8vo. pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
 The organ of the Edinburgh Typographical Society. The first number was 
 published in September, 1857, printed on blue letter paper, 4 pp., 4to. ; from April, 
 1858, until June, 1859, k was in small 4to., 8 pp. ; in July, 1859, the present 8vo. form, 
 16 pp., was commenced. 
 
 Senefelder. Revista mensile e professionale dell’ arte lithografico. 
 Editors, Signori Jamagno and Arnesi. Turin: begun Dec., 1879. 
 
 Senefelder-Bund. Organ fiir Lithographen und Steindrucker Deutsch- 
 lanas und Oesterreiehs. Editor, Paul Mohring. On the 1st and 
 15th of every month. Berlin : 1848. 4to. 
 
 Only one number published. 
 
 Shootiug-Stick. Published and edited by Henry Johnson. Monthly. 
 New York : 1874. 8vo. 
 
 Skandinavisk Bogtrykker-Tidende. Copenhagen : 1869-75. 4-to. 
 
 Founded in June, 1869, and shortly Ree, Copenhagen; from Jan. 1, 1871, 
 after discontinued. It reappeared under monthly, edited by Camillus Nyrop. 
 the same title from April 1, 1870, twice a With the 6th number of the 4th year 
 month, in small 4to., published by lm. (1875) it ceased to exist. 
 
 Societe fraternelle des protes des imprimeries typographiques de Paris — 
 Comptes-rendus ; autorisee par decision de M.le Min.de l’lnterieur, 
 en date du 17 Mai, 1847. Paris : begun 1849. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 At the sittings of the society, April 2, 1. Cahier, Paris, 1848. Vol. I. 1.-5. Cah. 
 
 1848, and January 6, 1850, it was resolved viii. and pp. 509; 1849-59. Vol. II. 
 that every year an account of the pro- 6.-9. Cah. pp. 300, 1861-70. Vol. II., 
 ceedings of its meetings, as well as the 2nd series. Proces-Verbaux, 1872-76. 
 lists of its members, should be printed. 1.-5. Cah. pp. 308 (6. Cah., 1878, in the 
 The publication of the parts is not quite press). 
 
 regular, but one generally appears during The publication was originally printed 
 the first three months of the year. Copies by the house of Bachelier ; later by Mallet- 
 are circulated gratis among the members, Bachelier, 1849-57; J. Claye, 1861; Ch. 
 and are not for sale. Marechal, 1863 ; Cosse & J. Dumaine, 
 
 The communications published by this 1868 ; Dubuisson & Cie., 1870 ; E. Briere, 
 society appear at irregular intervals 1872 and following. 
 
 Solidaritatea. Diar al lueratoritor typografi. Editor, N. Fonescu, a 
 Bucharest. No. 1, July, 1880. 4to. pp. 4. 
 
 Organ for the interest of the members of the Society. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 1 90 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Stampa periodica (La), il comercio dei libri e la Tipografia in Italia. 
 Milano, libreria-editrice G. Brigola. 1875. 8vo. 
 
 The author, Sig. G. Ottino, is the man- provinces in which they are published, 
 ager of the Milanese publishing house and of the matter they contain. Gener- 
 of G. Brigola. He had already com- alisations upon these are contained in 
 piled a “ Catalogo Sistematico dei prin- well-written essays upon the periodical 
 cipali periodici che si pubblicano nel press of Italy, and on the bookselling 
 regno d’ltalia,” when the Vienna Inter- and printing trades. The lists are fol- 
 national Exhibition and its great col- lowed by a valuable table of statistics, 
 lection of Italian literature suggested this and by a bibliography of native typo- 
 larger work. The main part of it is graphical literature, 
 occupied with an alphabetical list of the 
 
 Stationery Trades’ Journal. A monthly record of matters of interest 
 to manufacturers and wholesale and retail dealers in articles con- 
 nected with the various branches of trade in paper, printing, &c. 
 Monthly. Published by J. Whitaker, 12, Warwick Lane, 
 Paternoster Row. No. 1, March, 1880. (In progress.) 
 
 Devotes a considerable portion of its space to printing-trade matters. 
 
 Swensk Bibliographi, eller almaen Foreteckning ofner utkomna Bocker, 
 Musikalier, Kartor, Kopparstick och Stentrick. Utgifwen af 
 Boktryckkerie-Societeten. Weekly. Kjobenhavn: 1832-37. 8vo. 
 
 Taschen - Agenda fur Buchdrucker. — Schreib-, Merk- und Notiz- 
 Kalender. A. Waldow. Leipzig: begun 1864. 8vo. (In pro- 
 gress. ) 
 
 This is an annual publication of the respective cases ; (6.) a calendar ; (7.) 
 pocket-book character. It contains a ready reckoner for compositors and press- 
 diary on writing-paper, with a table for men ; (8.) table for casting off copy ; (9.) 
 income and expenses, and one for the cost of paper per quire and ream, &c., and 
 weekly bill at the end of each week ; quantity of paper required for different 
 (2.) the year's cash account at the end of jobs; (10.) money tables; (11.) type 
 the diary ; (3.) table of signatures ; gauges to various standards. The whole 
 
 (4.) schemes of imposition ; (5.) alphabets is provided with a band, a pencil, and a 
 ot Oriental and other characters with their map of Germany. 
 
 Technisches Register und Nachschlagebuch. Editor, M, Wunder. 
 Quarterly. Leipzig: 1878-79. 
 
 Was intended to form a general index to all the German printing- trade papers, 
 giving the short and technical trade notices in extenso , but did not exist beyond its 
 second year of publication. 
 
 Texas Printer (The). Quarterly. Austin, Texas. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Devoted to the interests of printers and publishers. Editor, C. G. Lathrop. 
 
 Tipografia (La). Organo de los impresores, litografos, e industrias 
 auxiliares. Director, Gregorio Estrada y Ventura, cajista e pro- 
 prietary de imprenta. Madrid: 1866-69. Large 4to. pp. 8-16. 
 
 This is a monthly magazine in the Spanish language, devoted to letterpress and 
 lithographic printing and the auxiliary arts. Four yearly volumes were issued, 
 from 1866 to 1869, after which it was discontinued. 
 
 Tipografia Italiana (La). Giornale Professionale. Edited by S. Landi 
 & C. Piovane. Monthly. Firenze : 1868-71. 4to. pp. 8. (All 
 published. ) 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 9 ' 
 
 Periodical Publications: — 
 
 Tipografia Mexicana (La). Circular de Ellis Read. (In Spanish.) 
 Mexico : begun 1874. 4to. 
 
 Tipografia Mexicana (La). Circular de Ellis Read. Monthly. In 
 the Spanish and English languages. Publisher, Ellis Read. 
 Mexico : begun 1878. 4to. pp. 12 to 24. (In progress.) 
 
 Tipografia Milanese (La). Editor, Camgni Ruggero, 18, Via Passerella, 
 Milan. Monthly. Milan : begun 1874. Folio, pp. 4. (In pro- 
 gress. ) 
 
 Tipografo (II). Editor, Molino. Rome: begun 1873. (In progress.) 
 Founded by the Journeymen Compositors’ Society in Rome. 
 
 Type and Graver. Publisher, Ellis Read. San Francisco : begun 1876. 
 
 Appeared at irregular intervals. It is dead, and Mr. Ellis Read has gone to 
 Mexico, and has since published La Tipograjia Mexicana {q.v.'). 
 
 Type Founder (The). Issued bi-monthly. Published by Barnhart, 
 Brui, & Spindler. Chicago. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 Typo (The). Published by J. & F. B. Garrett. Edited by F. B. 
 Garrett. Bi-monthly. Syracuse (New York): begun 1871. 8vo. 
 pp. 28 to 32. (In progress.) 
 
 Typo’s Guide. Published by H. Pelouze & Son. Bi-monthly. 
 Washington and Richmond, U.S.A. : begun 1874. 8vo. (In 
 progress . ) 
 
 Typografisk-Tidende. Organ for de typografische Arbeideres-Interessen. 
 Published by the Typographic Union. Editor, P. R. Jensen. 
 Printed by Th. Nielsen. Weekly. Copenhagen : begun 1873. 
 4to. pp. 4 to 8. (In progress.) 
 
 Typografiske Meddelelser. Official journal of the Danish journeymen 
 printers. 1878. 
 
 It was intended to appear twice a month, but came out only once, in February. 
 
 Typographe (Le). Organe mensuel redige exclusivement par des 
 ouvriers. Brussels: begun 1877. Folio. (In progress. ) 
 
 Appears monthly, pp. 4. A workmen’s organ. Published at the Co-operative 
 Printing-office, 19, Rue Montagne des Aveugles. 
 
 Typographia. A Magyarorszagi konyvnyomdaszok es Betuontok 
 Kozlonye. Journal for printers and kindred interests. (Organ of 
 the Fortbildungsverein of Hungarian Printers and Typefounders.) 
 Editors, K. Firtinger and J. M. Bauer. Buda-Pesth : begun 
 1869. Large 4to. pp. 4. (In progress.) 
 
 It now appears thrice monthly, on the 1st, 10th, and 20th— editor, Franz Busch- 
 mann — in the Hungarian and German languages, and in Roman characters. 
 
1 92 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications; — 
 
 Typographia. Wbchentliches Organ fiir Buchdrucker, Schriftgiesser. 
 Xylographen (from its second year with the addition : “und die 
 denselben verwandten Fachgenossen”). Edited by J. C. G. Billig. 
 Weekly, 1 sheet. Mittweida (Saxony) ; 1846-48. Small 4to. 
 
 In 1846 there appeared 26 numbers ; under the editorship of Oskar Skro- 
 in 1847, 52 numbers ; and in 1848, 11 bek, but we lack further information 
 numbers, the last on the 20th of May. upon the point. 
 
 It was to have reappeared recently 
 
 Typographic (The). Published by L. B. Wilder & Co. Monthly. 
 Boston : 1871-72. 4to, 3 cols., in parts of about pp. 30. 
 Discontinued in 1872, when the establishment in - which it was published was 
 destroyed by fire. 
 
 Typographic Advertiser. Published by J. & R. M. Wood. London : 
 1862-68. 4to. 
 
 Vol. I. June, 1862, to June, 1863, pp. 104. 
 
 Vol. II. July, 1863, to June, 1864, pp. 122. 
 
 Vol. III. July, 1864, to June, 1865, pp. 128. 
 
 Vol. IV. July, 1865, to June, 1866, pp. 112. 
 
 Vol. V. July, 1866, to June, 1867, pp. 114. 
 
 Vol. VI. July, 1867, to Feb., 1868, pp. 66. 
 
 No more published. 
 
 In the “ opening address” (June, 1862) Messrs. J. & R. M. Wood, printers’ 
 it is claimed that this periodical was brokers, carried on business at 89, West 
 “the first of the kind ever attempted Smithfield, and subsequently at Farring- 
 in the United Kingdom.” don-road. 
 
 Typographic Advertiser. Publishers, Mackellar, Smiths, & Jordan. 
 Quarterly. Philadelphia: begun 1855. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 The first American printing journal. Originally founded by Mr. Thomas Mac- 
 kellar (q.v.) to circulate the type specimens of the Johnson Foundry, and gradually 
 developed into a general technical magazine. 
 
 Typographic and Newspaper Index. Weekly. New York : 18 — . 
 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Typographic Journal and Advertiser. Monthly. Charleston (South 
 Carolina) : 1873. 
 
 Typographic Messenger (The). Illustrated. Editor, John G. Wilson. 
 Publishers, James Conner’s Sons. Quarterly. New York: begun 
 1865. Large 4to. pp. 12 to 24. (In. progress.) 
 
 Chiefly an advertising medium, only two pages being appropriated to reading 
 matter. Motto: “Vox dicta perit, litera scripta manet.” 
 
 Typographical Circular. Issued by the Typographical Association. 
 1877. 8vo. pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
 A continuation of the Provincial Ty- ( see Societies). That gentleman is also 
 pographical Circular , and the organ of the editor of the Circiilar, which is con- 
 the Typographical Association, the exe- ducted with signal judgment and mode- 
 cutive of which is seated at Manchester, ration. 
 
 Mr. Henry Slatter being the secretary 
 
 Typographical Circular (The). A journal devoted to the interests of 
 the Printing profession. Printed by Samuel Whitwell. Published 
 by Messrs. Piper. Monthly. London : 1854-58. 4to. pp. 8. 
 Was continued after 1858 as th z London Press Journal (q.v.). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 93 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Typographical Gazette. A monthly journal, being a record of events 
 connected with Printing in England, Ireland, and Scotland, and 
 the advocate of a proper understanding between the employers and 
 employed. London: 1846. 8vo. 2d. 
 
 We have only a few numbers of this time of its publication, and generally 
 periodical, and there is no copy of it in espoused the cause of the workmen, 
 the British Museum. It devoted a large No. 2 appeared in May, 1846 ; we have 
 portion of its space to the wages dis- no record of the date of discontinuance, 
 putes which were in existence at the 
 
 Typographical Protection Circular. Published on the 1st day of every 
 month, id. London : 1849. 4to. 
 
 We have not a complete file of this supported the workmen in their various 
 journal, and there are no copies at the movements for increase of wages and 
 British Museum. The 57th number was modifications of the scale. _We have no 
 published in September, 1853. The paper record of the date of the discontinuance 
 was devoted to printing-trade news, and of the paper. 
 
 Typographischc Depeschen fur die Buchdruckerwelt Deutschlands, 
 Deutsch-Oesterreichs, Ungarns. Edited by Fr. Jahncke. Berlin : 
 1874-75. Large 4to. 
 
 istyear: No. 1, March 1874; No. 2, from 5 to 8 pages. Printed and published 
 April; No. 3, Mary 26 ; No. 4, July 20; by C. Jahncke. It was intended to appear 
 No. 5, Sept. 1 ; No. 6, October; No. 7, on the 15th of every month and be sent 
 Nov. 29. 2nd year: No. 8, April 1, gratis to every printer. A technical sec- 
 1875 ; Nos. 9 and 10, July 15, 1875 (all tion was commenced with No. 8 by sub- 
 that appeared). Each number comprises scription, but shortly after discontinued. 
 
 Typographische Mittheilungen. Published by J. G. Schelter & 
 Giesecke, type-founding, stereotyping, and engraving establish- 
 ment. Edited by Georg Giesecke. Printed by Giesecke & 
 Devrient. Leipzig: begun 1876. Imperial 4t0. pp. 10. (In 
 progress. ) 
 
 Appears at irregular intervals, and sent strates in a remarkable degree the pro- 
 gratis to proprietors of printing-offices, gress in typefounding that has lately been 
 The M ' ittJieilungen forms, on the whole, made in the Fatherland, 
 an interesting miscellany, and demon- 
 
 Typographul Roman. Proprietors, S. Walter & P. Ispirescu, nova 
 typographic a Laboratorilor Romani, Bucharest, Straa Modei 
 Nr. 3. Bi-monthly. Bucharest: begun 1869. Small folio, 
 pp. 4. (In progress.) 
 
 Typologie-Tucker (La). (Motto: Labor ini probus omnia vincit.) 
 Notes sur la Fonderie en caracteres et les Fournitures de l’lm- 
 primerie. (Later with enlarged title :) Recueil de lTmprimerie et 
 de la Lithographic. Revue bibliographique. Publication traitant 
 de la Fonderie en caracteres, de l’Outillage typo-lithographique, 
 et des Arts et Manufactures qui s’y rattachent. Paris : begun 
 1873. 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 No. 1 appeared May, 1873 (pp. 4), pages, text on toned paper. The publi- 
 then 1 number monthly ; from the 2nd cation is the special organ of the Paris 
 year fortnightly, in parts of 8 to 16 branch of the Caslon Type Foundry, 
 
 VOL. II. 2 C 
 
1 94 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 which is conducted by Mr. Henry J. franc, Paris. The years 1873-76 form 
 Tucker, 35, Rue Jacob, Paris. It is the first volume ; 1877-1879 form vol. ii. 
 printed with ink from the house of A. Le- 
 
 Vaderlandsch museum voor nederduitsche letterkunde, ondheid en 
 geschiedenis, uitgegeven door C. P. Serrure. 5 vols. With 
 plates. Gent : 1855-63. 8vo. 
 
 Contains several articles concerning the history of printing. 
 
 Veleslavin. Casopis venovany zajmum typografickym a pribuznych 
 odboru. Published fortnightly. Prague : begun 1863. Large 
 4to. (In progress.) 
 
 The title was selected out of respect the Prague Journeymen Printers’ So- 
 for a printer of the name of Veleslavin. ciety, and conducted by a committee of 
 It was founded in the year 1863 by Joseph five members. There have officiated as 
 Mikulas, and edited by him to the year editors — Joh. Bavorsky (3 years), Ant. 
 1866, when it was discontinued, owing to Schiller (1 year), Fr. J. Perina (1 year), 
 the war. It was again started in 1873 by and H. Sercl (at present, 1881). 
 
 Joh. Bavorsky, and later taken over by 
 
 Verhandlungen des osterreich. -ungarischen Buchdruckertages. Vienna: 
 1868-73. 8vo. 
 
 I., 1868. II., 1869. III., 1870. lished by the Mahrens Society of Prin- 
 
 IV. Buchdruckertag, held on the 28th ters and Typefounders. 8vo. pp. 94. 
 
 and 29th May, 1871, in Prague. From VI. Delegirtentag der osterr.-ungar. 
 shorthand notes. 8vo. pp. 71. Printed Buchdrucker und Schriftgiesser in Wien 
 by J. S. Skrejshowsky, Prague. am 1. und 2. November 1873. 8vo. pp. 52. 
 
 V. Buchdruckertag, held on the 29th Published by H. Gerbers, at the So- 
 and 30th June, 1872, in Briinn. Printed ciety’s Printing-office in Vienna. 
 
 by Rud. M. Rohrer in Briinn. Pub- 
 
 Vorwarts ! Zeitschrift fiir Buchdrucker und verwandte Interessen. 
 Published by the Society of Printers and Typefounders of Lower 
 Austria. Motto Through Knowledge to Victory.” Publisher, 
 Edm. Laube. Responsible editor, Karl Hoger. Appeared 
 formerly every Wednesday, now Thursday. Printed in the 
 Society’s Printing-office. Vienna : begun 1867. 4to. pp. 4 to 8, 
 double columns. (In progress.) 
 
 The first four vols. appeared in 4to, of the “ Annalen,” and printed in Roman 
 from 1872 to 1877 in German characters characters. It represents exclusively the 
 in small fob, from 1878 in large 4to, size interests of the Austrian journeymen. 
 
 Weekblad voor den Boekhandel. Amsterdam. P. N. v. Kanipen, 
 Oct., 1851 ; by J. C. Lomann from January to Dec., 1854. 
 
 Weekly Proof Sheet (The). A journal devoted to the Printing trade 
 in general. Published every Monday. New York : November 
 13, 1880. Vol. xiii., No. 20. 4to. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
 Western Stationer and Printer. Its aim is to promote the best interests 
 ol the Stationery, Printing, and kindred trades. Weekly. Pub- 
 lished every Thursday, by J. S. Ford, Dearborn Street, Chicago. 
 Begun 1880. 4to. pp. 16. (In progress.) 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 19 
 
 Periodical Publications : — 
 
 Wiener Factoren-Verein Kalender, 1876. Vienna. Published by 
 Carl Fromme. 96mo. (In progress.) 
 
 This exceedingly diminutive volume, had a portrait of Theodore Goebel, of 
 about 1 in. by iAin., is a photographic Stuttgart, the well-known writer on print- 
 reduction of an almanac set up in the ing, and that for 1880 had a portrait of 
 ordinary way, but there is .a red line Ad. Holzhausen, a leading local printer, 
 round each page. The issue for 1879 
 
 Wochenblatt fur Buchh'andler, Musikalienhandler, Buchdrucker und 
 Antiquare. Marburg : 1820-33. Small 4to., in 56 numbers. 
 
 This publication was specially devoted to the bookselling trade ; in later years 
 the word “ Buchdrucker ” was dropped. 
 
 Wochentlicher Anzeiger fur Buchdrucker, Schriftgiesser, Lithographen, 
 Xylographen und die Betreiber (!) aller verwandten Kunstfacher. 
 C. H. Hossfekl, publisher. Leipzig : 1846. 
 
 Discontinued after a few numbers had appeared. 
 
 Woodcock’s Printers’ and Lithographers’ Weekly Gazette and News- 
 paper Reporter. Weekly. New York : begun 1867. 8vo. 
 pp. 24. (In progress.) 
 
 Established in 1867, as the American Newspaper Reporter (q. v.). The name 
 was changed as above in 1879, the numeration of the volumes being continued 
 consecutively. 
 
 Zeitschrift fiir die Litho- und Typographic und die verwandten Facher. 
 Published at the printing-office of Carl Kruthoffer 4 times monthly. 
 Frankfort-on-the-Main : 1876. Imperial 4to. 
 
 Intended for gratuitous circulation, but only a few numbers appeared, the last 
 (No. n) on May 15. 
 
 Zeitschrift fur Xylographen. Eigenthum des Deutschen Xylographen- 
 Verbandes. Quarterly. Stuttgart : 1874. 4to. pp. 8. 
 
 Treating chiefly of the social condition of workmen, rather than of the technical 
 aspect of the art. 
 
 Zeitung fiir Buchdrucker. Nos. 14 to 48. Publisher and editor, Aug. 
 Marahrens at Thonberg- Leipzig. Founded 1st January, 1870. 
 
 Large 4to. 1 number weekly, of from pp. 4 to 8. 
 
 Nos. 1 to 13 were printed under the heading, Buchdrucker Zeitung (q.v.), in 
 Thonberg, Nos. 14 to 39 in Reudnitz, Nos. 40 to 48 (the last) in Leipzig. 
 
 Ze.itung fiir Lithographen. Besorgt unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Tech- 
 niker und praktischer Lithographen. Published at the litho- 
 graphic office of C. Schmaltz. 1st part, 3 sheets, 1841 ; 2nd, 
 3^ sheets, 1842. Leipzig: 1841-42. Small 8vo. 
 
196 Bibliography of Printi?ig. 
 
 Perless (Moritz). Adressbuch fur den Buch-, Kunst- und Musi- 
 kalienhandel und verwandte Geschaftszweige der Oesterreichisch- 
 ungarischen Monarchic. Mil einem Anhange : Oester- ungar. 
 Zeitungs Adressbuch. Vienna. 8vo. 
 
 Is published every year, 1880 being the fifteenth issue. A portrait of a prominent 
 Austrian bookseller has been added these latter years to each volume. Contains 
 also the addresses of all the larger printing-offices in Austria and Hungaria. 
 
 Pernety (Antoine Joseph). Dictionnaire Portatif de Peinture, 
 Sculpture, et Gravure. 1757. 8 vo. pp. cxxviii. 568; 8 folding 
 plates. 
 
 Anthony Joseph Pernety was born of his works as Pernetty. He wrote 
 at Roanne, in Forez, 1716, and died a great number of books on antiquarian 
 about the close of the century. He subjects, and several books of travel, 
 describes himself as “ Religieux Bene- some of which were translated into 
 dectin de la Congregation de Saint English. 
 
 Maur.” His name appears in some 
 
 Pernicious Effects (The) of the Art of Printing upon Society ex- 
 posed. A short Essay addressed to the friends of social order. 
 London. [No date.] 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 A satirical pamphlet written by Eaton, the celebrated Democrat, in which he 
 shows the immense amount of good done, and the numerous abuses corrected, 
 by the Press. 
 
 Perrot (A. M.). Manuel du Graveur, ou traite complet de la 
 Gravure en tous genres, d’apres les renseignements fournis par 
 plusieurs artistes. Paris : 1830. i8mo. Plates. 
 
 A new edition of this work was brought out as one of the Roret Manuals, under 
 the title of : — 
 
 Nouveau Manuel complet du graveur, ou traite de l’art de la 
 
 gravure en tout genre, d’apres les renseignements fournis par 
 plusieurs artistes. Nouvelle edition, tres augmentee, par F. 
 Malepeyre. Paris: 1844. i8mo. pp. ix. 289. 5 folding plates. 
 
 Perthes (B.). Zum Andenken an Bernhardt Perthes. Geboren den 
 3. Juli 1821, gestorben den 27. October 1857. Gotha. 8vo. 
 
 Perthes (W.). Zum Andenken an Wilhelm Perthes. Geboren den 
 18. Juni 1793, gestorben den 10. September 1853. Gotha. 8vo. 
 
 Pertz (Georg Heinrich). Ueber die gedruckten Ablassbriefe von 
 1454 und 1455. Aus den Abhandlungen der Konigl. Akademie 
 der Wissenschaften. Berlin : 1857. 4to. Two copperplates. 
 
 Perugia. L’Arte Tipografica in Perugia durante il secolo xv. e la 
 prima mila de xvi. Perugia: 1868. 8vo. (In “ Le Mie recog- 
 noche per le Biblioteche e per gli Archivi du Perugia,” Fasc. I.) 
 
i 9 7 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Perwolf (Emanuel). Die Farbendruckerzeugung mitlelst Chromo- 
 litho- und Chromozinkographie. Ein Grundriss fiir angehende 
 Fachmanner, Buch- und Kunsthandler. Mit einer Tafel. Wien : 
 1878. 8vo. pp. x. 80. 1 plate. 
 
 Peschek (H. Ed.). Das Ganze der Steindruckerei von seiner 
 artistisch- chemisch und mechanischen Seite dargestellt. Weimar : 
 
 1829. 8vo. With 3 lithographic plates. Third edition. 
 
 Von Leo Bergmann, mit einem Supplement der Zincographie und 
 dem anaslat Druck. Weimar : 1856. 8vo. pp. xviii. 344 ; 
 
 7 litho plates. 
 
 Petiban (V.). Epreuves de vignettes gravees par V. Petiban. Paris: 
 
 1830. 8vo. 
 
 Petit (F. H.). Table de Multiplication typographique : solution de 
 30,000 problemes, donnant le nombre de lettres de chaque 
 justification et la justification de tous les nombres de lettres par 
 calibrage de l’alphabet sur points typographiques. Paris : 1871. 
 4to. pp. 2. 
 
 Petit (Louis D.). De firma Joh. Enschede en zonen. Amsterdam : 
 1871. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Originally published in the Nieuwsblad voor den Roekkandel, 1871, Nos. 4 and 6. 
 An article on the history of the celebrated Enschede firm ( q.v .). 
 
 Petity (Jean Ramond de). Traite de l’histoire et de la pratique de 
 Plmprimerie. In vol. ii., part 2, of the “ Encyclopedic Elemen- 
 taire.” Paris : 17 67. 4to. pp. xii. 366, and cclxxxii., including 
 many plates of alphabets. 
 
 Petri (H.). — See Henricpetri. 
 
 Petzholdt (Julius). Bibliotheca bibliographica. Kritisches Ver- 
 zeichniss der das Gesammtgebiet der Bibliographic betreffenden 
 Literatur des In- und Auslandes in systematischer Ordnung. 
 Leipzig : 1866. 8vo. pp. xii. 940. 
 
 This work of Dr. Julius Petzholdt is deutscher Bibliotheken ” (Dresden, 1844, 
 not of great value to the typographical i2mo). It was published again in 
 student, as books relating to Printing 1845, with the addition to the title of 
 are classed together with general biblio- “Zweite, durchaus verbesserte Auflage,” 
 graphies. The two subjects only occupy and in 1848 as, “ Dritte mit . . einem 
 twenty pages, and the omissions of starken Nachtrage versehene Aussgabe.” 
 notable names are somewhat remarkable. (The Nachtrage have a separate title- 
 The “Bibliotheca Bibliographica,” not- page, pagination, and register.) In 1848 
 withstanding its inclusive name, is not it appeared as “ Adressbuch der Biblio- 
 nearly so useful as Namur’s work. theken Deutschlands mit Einschluss vpn 
 
 Dr. Julius Petzholdt is a well- , Oesterreich-Ungarn und der Schweiz, 
 known bibliographer and the compiler of Neu herausgegeben.” Dresden, 1875. 
 the popular and useful “ Adressbuch 8vo. 
 
198 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Peucer (Daniel). D. Martin Luther’s merckwurdiger Sendbrief 
 vom Dollmetschen, mit Historischen und apologetischen An- 
 merckungen versehen, nebst eben desselben erlauterten Aus- 
 spriichen von der Buchdruckerey und den Buchdruckern, als 
 einem Beytrage zu der Dritten Jubel-Feyer. Leipzig: 1740. 8vo. 
 pp. xvi. 144. 
 
 Contains very curious expressions and words of Luther, which show how perfectly 
 well he understood the importance of Printing to the cause of tne Reformation. 
 
 Pezzana. (Angelo). Catalogo de’ libri impressi in Parma dall’ anno 
 1472 al 1500 sino ad ora conosciuti, nuovamente compilato. 
 Parma : 1846. 4to. pp. ,57. 
 
 Due edizioni del Secolo xv. descritto. Parma : 1 830. 4to. 
 
 pp. 12. 
 
 The editions of which a bibliographical and typographical account is given are 
 those of Dionysius Cato and the Fioretti of St. Francis of Assisi. 
 
 Giunte e correzioni al saggio di memorie su la tipografia 
 
 Parmense del secolo xv. del Padre Ireneo Affo. Parma : 1827. 
 4to. 
 
 Notizie bibliografiche intorno a due rarissime edizioni del 
 
 secolo XV. Parma : 1808. Royal 8vo. pp. 91. 
 
 Treats of the following publications : gentilium libris. z. The edition of son- 
 1. A quarto volume, printed in Parma, nets recording the Triumph of Petrarch, 
 by Andrea Portitia, in 1472, &c., con- printed at Venice, in 1477, by Gasp, and 
 taining Plutarchus, De libris educandis ; Dom. Siliprandi. A French translation 
 H. Presbyter, De Officiis librorum erga has appeared under the following title : — 
 parentis ; Basilii Magni, De legendis 
 
 Notices Bibliographiques sur les deux editions les plus rares 
 
 duxv e siecle. Traduit de l’ltalien par C. Bracez. Genoa: 1809. 
 Large 8vo. 
 
 See Aff b (I.). 
 
 Pfeilschmidt (E.). Aloys Senefelder. Ein Lebensbild. Dresden : 
 1877. Large 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 Published on the occasion of the inauguration of a monument to Senefelder 
 erected at Munich 6th November, 1877. 
 
 Pfister (Albert). Printer at Bamberg in the fifteenth century. — See 
 Camus. 
 
 Pfizmaier (A.). Zur Geschichte der Erfindung und des Gebrauches 
 der chinesischen Schriftgattungen. Small 8vo. Wien: 1872. 
 
 Pfnorr (W. ). Polytypen der Holzschnitte. Darmstadt: 1833, 
 1834. Large folio. 3 parts. 25 leaves. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 r 99 
 
 BASLE : 1488-1518. 
 
 Pfortzheim (Jacobus de). 
 
 The name of this printer is also spelled lieved that he went to Basle in 1482 from 
 Pfortzen, Phorczen, and Pforczen. An Kempten, in which place he had learnt 
 account of his works will be found in the art of printing. The first book he 
 Stockmeyer and Reber’s “ Beitrage zur printed in Basle was “Ambrosii Spiera, 
 Basler Buchdruckergeschichte ” (Basle : Quadragesimale de Floribus Sapientiae,” 
 
 1840), p. 65. Little is known, however, in folio, with the date 1488. 
 concerning his personal history. It is be- Panzer, in his table of the “printers of 
 
200 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 the first half of the fifteenth century,” 
 says that Jacob de Pfortzheim printed at 
 Turin from 1501 to 1518. This, however, 
 is a misconception of the German biblio- 
 grapher. He printed at Basle from 14' 8 
 to 15x8, and did not leave the place for 
 any period whatever. 
 
 a clove, the flower of the fuchsia, or that 
 of some convolvulus. This printer also 
 assumed the device of the crowfoot. The 
 mark first represented occurs in the 
 “Grammatica P. Francisci nigri A. Veneti 
 sacerdoti oratoris,” &c. Basle : 1500, 
 
 4to. The second device is supposed to 
 
 He seems to have had two devices, 
 both of which we give, the first being 
 of a very spirited kind. It represents 
 an angel holding two shields, on one 
 of which are the arms of Basle. The 
 signification of the device on the other 
 is not properly understood, it having 
 been conjectured to be an extinguisher, 
 
 be the emblem of the “ Swiss Warrior,” 
 supporting with his knees two shields, 
 the left one with the arms of Basle, the 
 other with the monogram of the printer. 
 It may, however, be that the so-called 
 “Swiss Warrior” is a German “Lands- 
 knecht.” 
 
 Philadelphia International Exhibition, 1876 . — See Fouret. 
 
 Philadelphia Public Ledger Building, with an account of the 
 proceedings connected with its opening, June 20, 1867. Phila- 
 delphia : 1868. 8vo. pp. ix. 205 ; illustrations and portrait. 
 
 A most elaborate description of the grand building erected for the purposes of the 
 Ptiblic Ledger newspaper, the first number of which appeared on “ Friday morning, 
 March 25, 1836.” Prefixed is a copper-plate portrait of Mr. George W. Childs, 
 the proprietor, accompanied by a sketch of his career . — See Munday (Eugene) and 
 Parton (James). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 201 
 
 Phillips (G. F.). The Art of Drawing on Stone : in which is fully 
 explained the process of chalk drawing, of pen and ink drawing, 
 and of the dabbing system ; together with the preparation of the 
 ink and chalks. London : 1828. i2mo. 
 
 Philomneste, Jun. Recherches sur les Imprimeurs imaginaires, 
 clandestines, et particulieres. Bruxelles : 1879. 8vo. pp. viii. 
 113 - 
 
 Printed on toned paper. Philom- esting and useful if the notices were 
 neste, Jun., is the pseudonym of Gus- longer and did not consist, as they 
 tave Brunet.— See BRUNETgnd Peignot. generally do, of references to other 
 
 This little volume would be more inter- works. 
 
 Phostiropulos (Kyrios). Report on the Press in Greece. Athens : 
 1873. 
 
 From this interesting work we learn Athens and Missolonghi. In Nauplia, 
 that before 1821 there existed no print- in 1824, a third was opened. A great 
 ing-office whatever in the provinces, then impqdse was given to printing by the 
 subject to Turkey, which compose the establishment of the kingdom of Greece 
 present kingdom of Greece. In the year' in 1833. There were in 1873 152 jour- 
 1822 the romantic magnanimity of the nals and periodicals published in the 
 great Paris house of Firmin Didot be- kingdom. The author was a Commis- 
 stowed on modern Greece its first print- sioner of the Greek section at the Vienna 
 ing-office. In 1823 another was opened. Exhibition. 
 
 These were situated respectively at 
 
 Phototypie-Benziger. Reproduktionen resp. Verkleinerung wie 
 Vergrosserung von Holzschnitten, Lithographieen, Stahlstichen 
 und besonders Feder- und Bleistift-Zeichnungen fiir den Druck 
 auf Buchdruck-Schnellpressen. Enthaltend 59 phototypische 
 Reproduktionen und Originalen hiezu (32 Seiten in Umschlag in 
 Quart) auf der Schnellpresse in Formen von 8 Seiten gedruckt. 
 Einsiedeln : 1879. 8vo. 
 
 Physiologie de Pimprimerie. Silhouettes typographiques. Paris : 
 1856. 8vo. pp. 36. 
 
 This little pamphlet, full of a pleasing and good-humoured irony, was written by 
 Decembre Alonnier, author of “ Typographs et Gens de Lettres,” in which he also 
 incorporated the contents of the Physiologie. 
 
 Pic (F. A.). Code des imprimeurs, libraires, ecrivains et artistes, ou 
 recueil et concordance des dispositions legislatives qui determinent 
 leurs obligations et leurs droits, suivi d’un choix de discours pro- 
 nonces dans les deux Chambres, et propres a rendre plus facile 
 l’application des regies concernant la liberte de la presse. 2 parts. 
 Paris: 1826. 8vo. pp. 1,127. 
 
 Embracing, as far as possible, all the laws concerning Printing in France, from the 
 earliest period. % 
 
 Picart (Bernard). Catalogue d’une belle partie de planches de 
 cuivre, gravees la plupart par Bernard Picart. Amsterdam : 
 1738. 8vo. 
 
 There are two other catalogues of the works of Picart, in octavo, without place or 
 dale, but probably printed at Amsterdam. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 2 D 
 
202 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Picozzi (Antonio). Versi Milanesi sulla typografica e d’arti affini 
 nella Biblioteca di Brera (Agosto, 1879). Milano : 1879. 4to. 
 PP- 7 - 
 
 PicquL (Camille). Estienne Dolet. Bruxelles: [i860.] 8vo. 
 Pictures of Old Printing Presses and Appliances. 
 
 Several of these are to be found at the end of a volume lettered “Typographical 
 Collections,” in the British Museum. 
 
 Pieraggi (E. ). L’Art de peindre la Parole. Paris : 1874. 8vo. 
 pp. iv. 160. 
 
 One of the four editors of this work, which has been quoted already under the 
 name of Go bin, q.v. 
 
 Pierd’iiouy (A.). L’lgiene popolare. Milano : 1879. 8vo. pp. 27. 
 
 Treats of blindness among compositors. 
 
 Pierer (H. A.). Druckproben der Iiof-Buchdruckerei in Alten- 
 burg. 1828. 410. 
 
 Festgruss zur IV. Sacularfeier der Erfindung der Buchdrucker- 
 
 kunst am 24. Juni 1840 im gastlichen Leipzig. Dargebracht von 
 der Hofbuchhandlung in Altenburg. 1840. 4to. 
 
 A memorial of the Festival of 1840 at Leipzig in honour of the invention of 
 
 Printing. 
 
 Pierres (P. D.). Description d’une nouvelle presse d’imprimerie, 
 
 approuvee par 1 Academie 
 son privilege. Paris: 1786. 
 
 The author of this work, who styles 
 himself “ Premier imprimeur ordinaire 
 du roi,” says that the new press which 
 he invented was introduced into his 
 printing-office in October, 1784, and that 
 for upwards of a year it had given great 
 satisfaction. Among the eminent print- 
 ers who had examined it and testified to 
 its merits was Benjamin Franklin, whose 
 friendship, during his stay in France, the 
 author enjoyed. The press seems to be 
 modelled on the old Blaeu press, but 
 the alterations made are more fanciful 
 than practical, the mechanism being very 
 intricate. The Pierres press has not 
 sustained the expectations of it that were 
 originally entertained. 
 
 Philippe Denis Pierres, a printer 
 of Versailles, was born in Paris in 1741. 
 Few typographers have cultivated every 
 branch ot their art with such zeal and 
 assiduity as Pierres, and he was instru- 
 mental in introducing many improve- 
 ments, mechanical and otherwise. In 
 1786 he wrote the “ Description d’une 
 nouvelle Presse,” which was much com- 
 
 ale des Sciences et imprimee sous 
 4to. pp. iv. 46. 2 plates. 
 
 mended by the Academy of Sciences. 
 Subsequently he invented another press, 
 partly automatic in its movements. 
 Camus thought it so simple and so im- 
 portant as to inaugurate a new era in the 
 mechanics of printing. M. Pierres also 
 wrote the “ Art de lTmprimerie,” pub- 
 lished in one of the series known as the 
 “ Collection des Arts de 1 ’ Academie des 
 Sciences.” In 1767 he published a new 
 edition of “ Cornelii Schrevelii Manuale 
 Grseco-Latinum,” in 8vo., which was 
 very beautifully printed, and testified, 
 as Camus remarks, to the advantages of 
 the new press. With the view of show- 
 ing the progress of printing, Pierres 
 collected a large number of books and 
 portraits bearing on the subject, and 
 wrote for various periodicals many arti- 
 cles on typographical subjects. The 
 preceding is taken from Peignot’s Dic- 
 tionary, but some writers say that the 
 press is a mere imitation of that invented 
 three years previously by Anisson Du- 
 perron, q. v. 
 
 Pierron. Supplement a l’instruction sur la presse autographique. 
 Paris : 1830. i2mo. 
 
 Piers (H.). Origine de l’Imprimerie a Saint-Omer. [Tn “ Le Mes- 
 sager des Sciences historiques,” 1842, pp. 381-384.] 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 203 
 
 Pieters (Charles). Analyse des materiaux les plus utiles pour de 
 futures annales de l’lmprimerie des Elsevier. Gand : 1843. 8vo. 
 Two folding genealogical plates and coloured plate of arms. 
 
 Only 50 copies printed. 
 
 Annales de l’lmprimerie Elsevirienne, ou histoire de la famille 
 
 des Elsevier et de ses editions. Gand : 1851-52. 8vo. With 
 the Elzevir arms printed in colours on the title and their marks 
 reproduced in the text. pp. lvi. 420. 
 
 601 copies printed, of which 50 were on large paper and one on vellum. Of this 
 number 520 copies only were offered for sale. A work of great importance in regard 
 to the history of the Elzevirs and of their editions. 
 
 Annales de l’imprimerie des Elsevier, ou histoire de leur 
 
 famille et de leurs editions. 2 ,ue edit, revue et augm. Gand : 
 1858. 8vo. pp. lxxii. 504. With additions and corrections, 
 pp. 503-528. 
 
 See Elzevir, Walther, and Willems (Alphonse). 
 
 Pietsch (Ludwig). Aloys Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographic. 
 Festschrift zum 100. Geburtstage Senefelder’s am 6. November, 
 1877. Berlin: 1877. 8vo. pp. 88. With portrait and fac- 
 simile letter. 
 
 Piil (C.). Die Chemitypie, oder die Kunst, eine auf einer Metall- 
 platte in gewohnlicher Weise ausgefuhrte Radirung oder Gravi- 
 rung in einen erhabenen Stempel zu verwandeln, der sich auf der 
 Buchdruckerpresse, wie ein Holzschnitt, im Text oder allein, 
 abdrucken lasst. Leipzig: 1846. 4to. pp. 8; 8 specimens of 
 chemitypie., 
 
 Piil, a Dane, was the inventor of chemitypie ; the specimens given in the 
 above pamphlet were executed in F riedlein’s graphic establishment at Leipzig. 
 
 Uber unnachahmliche Werthpapiere. Braunschweig : 1850. 
 
 Large 8vo. pp. 29, with 2 specimens. 
 
 Pijola (Biag. ) Del diritto concesso alia R. Stamperia di Palermo 
 nella sua fondazione. Palermo : 1822. 8vo. 
 
 Pillon (A. C. ). Instruction sur l’Autographie, ou expose d’un 
 moyen encore peu connu, pour faire soi-meme a la plume, tres 
 promptement, a peu de frais, la composition ou le trace de toutes 
 sortes d’ouvrages, dependants de la plume, tels que manuscrits, 
 plans, dessins topographiques, morceaux de musique, etc., dont 
 on peut a l’instant meme obtenir des copies par la presse litho- 
 graphique. Paris : 1833. Oblong 8vo. 
 
 Pinard. Feuilles d’epreuves des caracteres de la fonderie de Pinard. 
 Paris : 1827. A broadside. 
 
 Other specimens of this foundry were issued in 1829, 8vo. ; 1833 and 1835, broad- 
 side. The foundry is not now in existence, and appears to have become absorbed 
 into some other existing establishments. 
 
204 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Pin chart (Alexandre). Memoire sur les differentes branches 
 d’industrie et de commerce suivantes en 1776 : i° Caracteres a 
 im primer ; 2° Cartes a jouer ; 3 0 Livres, cartes geograph iques, 
 estampes et tableaux. [Bruxelles : 1850.] 8vo. 
 
 Twenty-five copies reprinted from the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige. 
 
 Recherches sur les Cartes a jouer et sur leur fabrication en 
 
 Belgique depuis l’annee 1379 jusqu’a la fin du XVIII e siecle. 
 Bruxelles : 1870. 8vo. pp. 54. 
 
 A mere popular account of the subject. A few copies only printed. Extracted 
 from the Bibliophile Beige, 1869. M. Pinchart is head of the department of Archives 
 of the kingdom of Belgium. 
 
 Pin Fas (P.). fipreuves des gravures sur bois et polytypages de P. 
 Pineas. Paris : 1825. 4to. 
 
 Piola (Carmelo). Discorso intorno all’ influenza della tipografia 
 sulla letteratura. Palermo : 1841. 8vo. 
 
 Discorso sulla Protoria, ossia sull’ uficio del sovrastante alle 
 
 stampe, detto Proto. In Gioi'nale di Scienze , di Palermo, Nos. 
 230-33. 
 
 Leitera al barone Vine. Mortillaro sulle nostre Tipografie 
 
 Siciliane. In Giornale di Scienze, di Palermo, No. 187. 
 
 Pipping (Fred. Wilh. Jos.). Bidrag till en Historia om Gymnasii 
 Boktryckeriet i Wiborg. Kongl. Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten 
 meddeladt d. 19 Sept. 1859. Helsingfors: 1859. 8vo. pp. 92. 
 
 Forteckning ofver i tryck utgifna skrifter pa Finska. Hel- 
 singfors: 1856-57. 4to. pp. xv. 756 and xii ; 1 fac-simile plate. 
 
 One of the best bibliographic works extant on the literature of Finland, compiled 
 with the assistance of the eminent bibliographer Matts Pohto. 
 
 Nagra Historiska Underrattelser om Boktryckeriet i Finland 
 
 af Fred. Wilh. Jos. Pipping. [Printed in seven instalments 
 in “Acta Societatis • Scientiarum Fennicae.”] Helsingfors: 
 1840-64. 4to. pp. 460. 
 
 Piranesi. Chalcographie des Piranesi freres. CEuvres de Jean 
 Baptiste et de Frai^ois, qui se vendent chez les auteurs, a Paris, 
 rue de l’Universite : an viii (1800). 4to. 
 
 Another catalogue of the works of these celebrated engravers was published in 
 Paris in 1803.— See also Duchesne. * 
 
 Pischon (Frederich August). Kurze Geschichte der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst und ihres segensreichen Einflusses. Ein- 
 ladung zur bevorstehenden vierhundertj'ahrigen Gedachtnissfeier 
 Gutenbergs und der Buchdruckerkunst am 24. J uni 1 840 zun'achst 
 fiir die Schulen. Berlin : 1840. 8vo. pp. 16. 1 lithographed 
 
 plate of types. 
 
 Von dem Einflusse der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst auf 
 
 die Verbreitung des gottlichen Worts. [Berlin : 1840.] 4to. 
 
 Programme of the “ Preussische Haupt-Bibelgesellschaft fiir 1840.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 205 
 
 [Piton (Eug.).] Famille Firmin-Didot, imprimeurs, libraires, fon- 
 deurs, graveurs, papetiers, inventeurs et litterateurs. Paris : 
 1856. 8vo. — See Didot. 
 
 Pizzo (Lodovico). II Cenatafio de Cavaliera Giuseppe Antonelli. 
 Venezia : 1862. 4to. 
 
 Treats partly of printing at Venice. 
 
 Placaet-boeck. Ordonnancien, edicten ende placaten . . . ghe- 
 publiceert inden lande van Vlaenderen, van 1152-1763. 13 vols. 
 
 fol. 
 
 Placcaat-boeic (Groot) inhondende de placcaaten, ordonnantien, 
 enz. van de Staten van Holland en Zeeland. 1576-1785. 
 10 vols. fol. 
 
 Placcaeten, ordonnantien, enz. van Brabant, van 1040-1768. 
 10 vols. fol. 
 
 The above are collections of a great number of disloyal placards, some of which 
 were more than once printed and reprinted. 
 
 Plaine (Francois). Essai historique sur les origines et les vicissitudes 
 
 de rimprimerie en Bretagne. 
 
 The author, who is a monk of the order 
 of St. Benedict, says that the first book 
 printed in Brittany was “ Le Trespasse- 
 ment de Notre Dame,” printed by Robin 
 Foucquet and Jehan Cress, at Brehand- 
 Loudeac, in December, 1484. Of this 
 dissertation on the history of printing in 
 Brittany only 100 copies were printed, 
 
 Nantes : 1876. 4to. pp. 43. 
 
 but it may be regarded as the principal 
 work of this learned historian. It is to 
 be regretted that the author has not 
 given fuller bibliographical descriptions. 
 The work, nevertheless, leaves little in- 
 formation to be desired in regard to the 
 origin of the art in that country, and it 
 may be consulted with profit. 
 
 Plaintes d’un La'ique allemand du quatorzieme siecle, sur la Deca- 
 dence de la Chretiente. Opuscule publie pour la premiere fois a 
 l’occasion du quatrieme anniversaire de l’invention del’Imprimerie, 
 d’apres un manuscrit de la bibliotheque de la ville de Strasbourg, 
 par Chari. Schmidt. Strasbourg : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Planquette (A. ). Guttemberg, ou la decouverte de PImprimerie. 
 Paroles de H. Ryon, avec accompagnement pour piano. Paris : 
 1874, 4to. pp. 4, with vignette. 
 
 Plantin (Christopher). 
 
 Christopher Plantin, of Antwerp, is 
 regarded as the most successful printer 
 of the sixteenth century. He was born 
 at Montlouis, near Tours, in France, in 
 1514, and studied his art under the 
 King’s Printer at Caen. He established 
 himself at Antwerp, where he began to 
 print in 1555. His first production was 
 a duodecimo volume, entitled “La In- 
 stitutione di una famiulla nata nobil- 
 mente ” (Anvers : 1555), in the dedication 
 of which it is poetically styled “the 
 first blossom from the garden of his 
 printing-press.” Plantin gradually ex- 
 tended his establishment until, in 1576, 
 when he was visited by De Thou, cele- 
 
 brated as the patron of fine printing, he 
 had seventeen presses in constant em- 
 ployment, and was spending above two 
 hundred florins a day (about £ 20 sterling) 
 in wages to his workmen. His office was 
 one of the ornaments of the city of 
 Antwerp, and he became so celebrated for 
 the excellence of his typography that the 
 King of Spain conferred on him the title 
 of “ Archi-typographus,” which is alluded 
 to in his epitaph in the Church of Notre 
 Dame at Antwerp : — 
 
 Christophorus situs hie Plantinus, Regis 
 Iberi 
 
 Typographus ; sed Rex Typographum 
 ipse fuit. 
 
206 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 The King of Spain (which country then 
 held domination in the Netherlands) also 
 gave Plantin a very handsome salary and 
 a kind of patent for printing certain 
 
 to France, but he preferred to remain in 
 Antwerp, and finally established branch 
 printing-houses in Leyden and in Paris. 
 He was exceedingly liberal in, his ex- 
 
 loartnej J&h 
 
 r ~l / mcts cfum pater is , PGtntine , tuosque GiGores 
 ^yPterniim cetemum Jama Coquetur anus. 
 Gmcfare opus. InvicG.ce tu tuncQris czflu. 
 Ittujhes tantum tuncGt at ijle vtros . 
 
 religious works, with which he almost penditure, retaining the services ~of a 
 exclusively supplied both Europe and number of men of great learning as 
 the Indies. The King of France endea- correctors of his press, and lavishing 
 voured to prevail upon Plantin to return large sums upon all the details of his 
 
To face page 207. 
 
 GRAND INTE 
 
 RIOR QUADRANGLE OF THE PLANTIN MU 
 
 I 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 207 
 
 business in ordter to ensure accuracy and 
 beauty. One of the most remarkable 
 productions of Plantin’s press was the 
 celebrated “Polyglot P.ible,” issued in 
 1573, by authority of Philip II. of Spain. 
 It was in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Chal- 
 daic, and Syriac, and formed eight folio 
 volumes. Forty workmen were employed 
 continuously on this Bible for four years, 
 and the labour alone cost 40,000 ecus. 
 Only five hundred copies were printed, 
 and a large portion of the edition was 
 lost in a wreck at sea on the passage to 
 Spain. His last work was vol. i. of 
 “ Annales Ecclesiastici Csesaris Baronii 
 Sorani,” and he died a shorf time after, 
 viz., on the 1st July, 1589, leaving a large, 
 property to be divided among his children. 
 
 The remarkable portrait of Plantin 
 given on p. 206 is a reproduction (by Lef- 
 man & Lourdel) made for the work of 
 M. Leon Degeorge, “La Maison Plan- 
 tin.” The portrait was engraved by 
 Joannes Wiericx in 1588, one year before 
 the death of Plantin. The original 
 block itself, which is thus nearly three 
 centuries old, is still preserved. — ( See 
 Degeorge.) 
 
 Plantin had only one son, who died in 
 early infancy, but several daughters, 
 three of whom married men connected 
 with typography, either as practical 
 printers or correctors of the press, and 
 he left to them as their dower his three 
 establishments. Marguerite Plantin 
 married Fr. Van Raphelengen, who had 
 the office at Leyden ; Madeleine Plantin 
 married Gilles Beys, who had the office 
 at Paris ; Joannes Mourentorff, after- 
 wards known as Moretus, married the 
 second daughter, and succeeded Plantin 
 in the principal establishment at Ant- 
 werp. From this connexion sprang a 
 family which has produced a long succes- 
 sion of printers. 
 
 The office itself continued in the pos- 
 session of successive members of the 
 family down to 1875, when Edouard 
 Joseph Moretus ceded it to the city of 
 Antwerp for 1,200,000 francs, to be for 
 ever maintained as a public institution, 
 under the name of the “Musee Plantin,” 
 an illustration of the interior quadrangle 
 of which is annexed. E. J. Moretus, 
 the last proprietor of the famous Officina, 
 died at Antwerp, June 28th, 1880, at the 
 age of 66. His deceased brother’s four 
 •sons survive, and are all married and 
 have families at Antwerp. 
 
 The Museum is situated in the Marche 
 du Vendredi, and consists of a number 
 of apartments enclosing a square. These 
 are known as the A tellers typo° rn fihiq ucs 
 and Chambres des Correcteurs. There are 
 
 several stories, some of the rooms in them 
 being the counting-house and offices of 
 the establishment, while others were the 
 domestic apartments of various members 
 of the family. The old presses, type, 
 foundry, and materials of Plantin and 
 his successors have all been carefully 
 preserved, as well as the account-books 
 and correspondence. Some of the rooms 
 are left just in the state in which they 
 were found when M. Moretus relin- 
 quished business in 1875. In others are 
 portraits and busts of Plantin and the 
 Moretuses, as well as curiosities and 
 objects of vertu of an extremely inte- 
 resting character. There are also pre- 
 seived the original plates and blocks of 
 the many fine engravings and ornaments 
 which were drawn for Plantin by the 
 celebrated artist Sir Peter Paul Rubens 
 (see infra). 
 
 The device of Plantin consisted of a 
 compass, held by a hand issuing out of 
 clouds. On a ribbon is the legend 
 “ Lahore et Constantia,” and at the sides 
 are two figures representing allegorically 
 those qualities. Plantin used the device 
 of the compass for the first time in 1558. 
 The general form of his mark, however, 
 differed very much ; the one we give 
 (reproduced from Degeorge’s “ Maison 
 Plantin ”) was originally drawn by 
 Wiericx. and is without doubt the finest 
 of all. Plantin, in his “Polyglot Bible,” 
 says that in the compass itself there is a 
 meaning — the right limb, the, fixed one, 
 representing constancy ; the left, the 
 movable one, representing labour. Dibdin 
 appositely says (Decameron, vol. ii. , 
 p. 157) : The motto of Plantin is the very 
 surest road to the very pinnacle of the 
 Temj/.e of Fame — whether used by Great 
 Statesmen, Great Generals, Great 
 Scholars, Great Divines, Great Archi- 
 tects, or Great Mechanics. In 
 1555, Plantin had adopted the device of 
 a tree, round the trunk of wh ch spread 
 a vine, whose grapes hung from the 
 boughs of the tree ; a vine-dresser crop- 
 ping the dead shoots and throwing them 
 to the ground. In an oval border sur- 
 rounding the mark are the words, 
 “ Exerce impetium et ramos compesce 
 fluentes.” Towards the close of 155^, 
 certain of his books bore as a mark a 
 vine, with the device, “ Vitis Vera 
 Christus.” 
 
 FRANgois Van Raphelengen, van 
 Raphelingen, van Raphelingien, or 
 Raphelingius, a celebrated printer, 
 was born at Launay, near Lille, in Flan- 
 ders, in 1539, of poor parents. He was 
 intended to be brought up to commercial 
 
208 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 life, but manifesting an invincible taste 
 for study he was sent to learn the Greek 
 and Hebrew languages, under the cele- 
 brated Jean Mercier. The civil war in 
 France compelled him to fly to England, 
 where he continued for some time to 
 study Greek and Latin at Cambridge 
 University. Returning to Antwerp to 
 purchase some books which he could not 
 procure in England, he visited the print- 
 ing-office of Plantin, and being attracted 
 by the character of the work that was 
 there being carried on, was induced to 
 remain in Antwerp, as a corrector of the 
 press. Plantin, pleased with his can- 
 dour, his honesty, and his learning, gave 
 him in marriage his eldest daughter. Van 
 Raphelengen was engaged on the Poly- 
 glot Bible for Philip II., King of Spain, 
 already referred to, the printing of which 
 
 accuracy. On the frontispiece appeared 
 the words : “ Ex officina Plantiniana 
 
 apud Franciscum Raphelengium.” He 
 died in 1597, leaving three sons and a 
 daughter, who succeeded him in the 
 printing-office. His pr-incipal works are 
 the “ Observations,” and the “Cor- 
 rections ” on the Chaldaic paraphase ; a 
 “Grammaire Hebraique,” a “ Lexicoa 
 Arabe” (16x3, 4to.);.and a “ Diction- 
 naire Chaldai'que.” One of his sons 
 published some “Notes” on the trage- 
 dies of Seneca; “ Eloges,” in verse, 
 on forty learned men, with portraits (Ant- 
 werp, 1587, fob). Francois van Raphe- 
 lengen was also a good judge of the 
 merits of literary work. Joseph Sca- 
 liger, in announcing to Casaubon the 
 death of Van Raphelengen, says that no 
 student of the Oriental languages could 
 
 plantin’s device. 
 
 was entrusted to Plantin. He contributed 
 greatly to the beauty and correctness of 
 the Plantin edition of Oriental works. 
 His modesty, however, induced him to 
 withhold his name from the title-pages. 
 His father-in-law having, for purposes 
 of study and to secure quietude, retired 
 to Leyden, van Raphelengen took the en- 
 tire charge of the establishment, and con- 
 tinued to act in that capacity up to 1585, 
 when he, like Plantin, retired to Leyden, 
 — Plantin returning to his own printing- 
 office at Antwerp. Van Raphelengen was 
 professor of the Hebrew language at 
 Leyden, and also paid great attention to 
 Arabic, of which language he compiled 
 a large dictionary, with the assistance of 
 Possel and others. He printed a great 
 number of books, all remarkable for 
 their beautiful workmanship and extreme 
 
 fail to deplore the demise of this learned 
 printer. Van Raphelengen enjoyed for a 
 considerable time the distinction of being 
 Printer to the University of Leyden. 
 
 Cornelius Kilian (born 1528), one of 
 the proof-readers to Plantin, wrote the 
 verses following, on the office of the 
 corrector of the press : — 
 
 Corrector Typographicus. 
 
 Officii est nostri mendosa errata librorum 
 Corrigere, atque suis prava notare locis. 
 Ast, quern scribendi cacoethes vexat, 
 ineptus 
 
 Ardelio, vitiis Barbarieque rudis, 
 Plurima conglomerat, distinguit pauca, 
 lituris 
 
 Deformat chartas, scriptaque comma- 
 culat. 
 
209 
 
 Bibliography 
 
 Non annum premit in nonum, non expolit 
 arte : 
 
 Sed vulgat propeiis somniavana typis. 
 Quse postquam docti Musis et Apolline 
 nullo 
 
 Composita exclamant ; ringitur Ardelio: 
 Et quacunque potest sese ratione tuetur, 
 Dum correctorem carpit, agitque reum : 
 Heus cessa immeritum culpam trans- 
 ferre deinceps 
 
 In correctorem, barde, typographicum. 
 Ille, quod est rectum, non depravabit. 
 An audin? 
 
 Post hac lambe tuos, Ardelio, catulos. 
 Errata alterius quisquis correxerit, ilium 
 Plus satis invidise, gratia nulla manet. 
 
 Reprinted in Wolf, “ Mon. Typ.f 
 vol. ii. , p. 1204. 
 
 We append a free translation of the 
 foregoing: — It is our duty to correct 
 the errors of books, and to point them 
 out as they occur. But the incom- 
 petent author who is afflicted with an 
 itch for writing makes up a compilation 
 without sagacity, and piles up fault on 
 fault ; he covers his paper with blots and 
 scratches, and disfigures his manuscript. 
 He does not spend nine years on his 
 work; he takes no pains to amend or 
 polish it, but makes haste to have his 
 vagaries printed on the fastest presses. 
 When the critics say that which he has 
 written is in defiance of Apollo and the 
 Muses, our scrawler is furious. His de- 
 
 Plantin. Index Librorum qui 
 dierunt. Antverpium : 1615. 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 fence is vigorous. He says it is the 
 proof-reader who has made all the errors. 
 Most pitiful apology, my blundering 
 author, to attribute your faults to the 
 reader ! Hark you, what the reader 
 found right he did not make wrong ! 
 Henceforth, blunderer, correct your 
 faults. Do you not know that he who 
 corrects the faults of others never receives 
 thanks or honour for the service? He 
 only exposes himself to abuse. 
 
 In Dibdin’s “ Bibliographical De- 
 cameron,” vol. ii., pp. 151 to 162, is a 
 most interesting account of Christopher 
 Plantin and his descendants. There is a 
 copperplate view of the house in the 
 Marche du Vendredi ; a splendid por- 
 trait of Plantin, engraved by Engleheart 
 from a print of Goltzius, and another by 
 Bullart, copied from the A cademie des 
 Sciences. In the latter he is represented 
 with a much thinner face, and more 
 attenuated frame, which would presum- 
 ably be more like the original than the por- 
 trait we have given on p. 206, as Plantin, 
 like Paul Manutius, was a man of a 
 sickly and delicate frame of body. 
 Dibdin gives three other devices of 
 Plantin besides that figured on the oppo- 
 site page. In two of them the compass 
 is introduced ; one has hills and a city 
 in the background, in the other are two 
 seated figures. There is also a copy of 
 the tree device referred to on p. 207. - 
 
 ex Typographia Plantiniana pro- 
 8vo. 1642. 8vo. 1645. 8vo. 
 
 Christoph. Plantin et le sectaire mystique Henrik Nicolaes, 
 
 par C. A. Tiele, avec un appendice de Ch. Ruelens. In the 
 Bibliophile Beige , iii. an. pp. 121-138. Bruxelles : 1868. 
 
 Geslagt-Lyste der nakomelingen van den vermaerden Chris- 
 
 toffel Plantin, koninglyken aerts-boekdrukker binnen de stad 
 Antwerpen ; waer by gevoegd is eene geslagt-lyste der familie 
 Mouretorff alias Moretus. Alles met groote moeyte en 
 
 neerstigheyd uyt oorspvonkelyke stukken en bewysbare beschee- 
 den verzameld en opgesteld en met historische aenteekeningen 
 en wapens verrykt en opgehelderd door J. B. van der Straelen, 
 en uytgegeven door P. Th. Moons van der Straelen. Antwerp : 
 1858. 4to. 
 
 La Maison Plantin a Anvers, avec portrait et vue de la 
 
 maison. In V 'Imprimerie, No. 1774, of 24 Feb. 1877. Paris. 
 
 Musee Plantin a Anvers. Notice sur la Bibliotheque 
 
 Plantinienne, par F. Vanderhaeghen. Ghent : 1875. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 E 
 
2 IO 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Plantin. Titels en portretten gesneden naar P. P. Rubens voor de 
 Plantijnsche drukkerij. (Titres et portraits graves d’apres 
 P. P. Rubens pour l imprimerie Plantinienne.) Anvers : 1877. 
 Folio, pp. 40, and 35 plates. Text in French and Dutch. 
 
 The text of this extremely interesting volume is written by M. Max Rooses, 
 director of the Plantin Museum ; it is printed in antique type upon Holland paper, at 
 the expense of the city of Antwerp, and only 200 copies were taken off. 
 
 See Blades (in Supplement), Bochius, Degeorge, Dibdin 
 
 (Decameron), IIulst, Rooses, Ruelens, and Straelen. 
 Plaoran (F. R.). Memoire a M. le Comte de Montalivet, ministre de 
 l’interieur, sur lTmprimerie et sur la librairie, sur leur etat actuel, 
 et sur les moyens a employer pour les remplacer au rang qu’elles 
 doivent occuper. [Paris, 1839.] 4to. pp. 20. 
 
 Platter. La Vie de Thomas Platter, ecrite par lui-meme, 
 traduite de l’AHemand, par E. Fick. Geneve : 1862. Lar. 8vo. 
 pp. xxxii., 141. 
 
 The German work from which this translation was made was published at Bale 
 in 1840. Thomas Platter was a printer and schoolmaster of Basle, where he died 
 in 1582. 
 
 Pi.ON (Eugene). Souvenir du 20 Octobre, 1877. Paris. 8vo. pp. 31. 
 
 This pamphlet consists of articles from 
 the Bulletin de VI mfirimerie and the 
 Journal de la Librairie published on the 
 occasion of the decoration of M. Eugene 
 Plon with the ribbon of a chevalier of 
 the Legion of Honour. 
 
 M. Eugene Plon is the son and suc- 
 cessor of the late Henri Plon, referred to 
 infra. Born in 1836, he entered the 
 printing and publishing establishment of 
 his father at the age of 17, and there he was 
 thoroughly trained in the details both of 
 the composing and the machine room, as 
 well as in various kindred branches of 
 the typographic art. Having qualified 
 himself as a journeyman, according to the 
 usages of the French trade, when twenty 
 years of age he left the parental firm, and 
 worked for a year in the office of Messrs. 
 Bradbury & Evans, London. On his re- 
 turn to his native country, about 1859, 
 his father entrusted to him the practical 
 management of his establishment, a 
 position- which he has retained up to the 
 present time. 
 
 In 1862 Eugene Plon was associated 
 with Firmin Didot in the organisation of 
 a Commission to consider the laws relative 
 to literary and artistic copyright, and to 
 draw up a scheme for its amendment. 
 He was appointed joint secretary of the 
 Commission, which issued its report in 
 1863, and his labours in connexion with 
 this movement attracted a great deal of 
 attention, and were very generally com- 
 mended. 
 
 Some years later he devoted consider- 
 able study to the life and works of the 
 
 great Danish sculptor Thorvaldsen, and 
 published in 1867 a Memoir of the artist, 
 which went through two editions in 
 France, and five editions in other 
 languages, the English edition being 
 issued by Richard Bentley in 1874. The 
 work had the effect of allotting to 
 Thorvaldsen his proper place among the 
 great contemporary sculptors, and in- 
 directly of establishing more cordial 
 relations between Denmark and France. 
 
 In 1871 Eugene Plon assisted his father 
 in the compilation of a political and 
 military history of the times, to which 
 the most eminent ambassadors, ministers, 
 generals, and admirals engaged in the war 
 then recently concluded, acted as con- 
 tributors. This work was issued in 14 
 volumes, with an atlas. 
 
 Since 1872, the date of the death of 
 Flenri Plon, M. Eugene Plon has directed, 
 in conjunction with his brother-in-law 
 Robert Nourritt, and M. Perrin, both his 
 partners, the great Parisian publishing 
 firm now bearing his name. The chief 
 speciality of the firm is perhaps books of 
 travels, but there have also been con- 
 tinued the series of French classics com- 
 menced by M. Henri Plon. Many of the 
 works issued by this house are most 
 sumptuously illustrated by leading French 
 artists. 
 
 M. Eugene Plon was for some time 
 vice-president of the Cercle de la Librairie 
 and the honour accorded to him by the 
 French Government was warmly approved 
 of by the printing and publishing pro- 
 fession of France. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 1 1 
 
 Plon (Henri). [Biographical Notices, &c.] Paris : 1873. 8vo. 
 
 pp. 56. 
 
 This little volume consists of published 
 articles, &c., referring to Henri Plon. 
 The materials were collected as a memo- 
 rial of Plon by his son, and printed for 
 private circulation only. The contents 
 include speeches by M. de Mourgues, 
 president of the Chambre des Imprimeurs, 
 and by M. de Royer, at a reunion of the 
 Societe de Secours Mutuels, and articles 
 in various foreign journals. 
 
 The late Henri Plon, founder of the 
 present firm of E. Plon & Co., printers 
 and publishers, 10, Rue Garanciere, 
 Paris, was born April 26, 1806, and died 
 November 25, 1872. His ancestors origi- 
 nally belonged to Denmark, but some of 
 the family emigrated to the N etherlands, 
 where they practised the art of printing 
 almost from the date of its invention. 
 After receiving a classical education, 
 Henri Plon entered the establishment of 
 Firmin Didot & Co. at the age of 15, 
 and applied himself to the acquirement of 
 a practical knowledge of printing and the 
 kindred arts. So rapid was his progress 
 that in 1828, about seven years after he 
 had been apprenticed to the trade, he was 
 selected by the King of the Netherlands 
 to organise a royal printing-office at 
 Amsterdam. Owing to the opposition 
 of the local printers, this scheme, how- 
 ever, had to be abandoned. Henri Plon 
 then returned to France, and went into 
 partnership with M. Belin, printer, at 
 Sezanne. In 1832 he established himself 
 in Paris, joining the firm of M. Bethune, 
 
 whose successor he became in 1845. 
 About this time, in association with his 
 brothers, Hippolyte (who died March 26, 
 1868), Charles, and Auguste, he greatly 
 extended the business and enlarged its 
 field of operations by the introduction 
 of machines driven by steam. Auguste, 
 who died 28th September, 1872, was an 
 excellent wood-engraver ; he also superin- 
 tended the machine-room of the establish- 
 ment. Gradually several kindred arts 
 were introduced and practised with great 
 success, such as engraving, colour-print- 
 ing, photography, and galvanography. 
 The house rapidly became famous for 
 its fine printing, which was said to recall 
 the best traditions of the Estiennes and 
 the Elzevirs. From it emanated some of 
 the most splendid works of the day. Not 
 content with his pre-eminence in this 
 business, Henri Plon added to it that of 
 publishing, and in a short time issued a 
 series of works not less remarkable for 
 their typographical than their literary 
 excellence. These found great favour in 
 the eyes of French bibliophiles. At all 
 the Great Exhibitions the productions of 
 the firm were awarded honours. At the 
 close of the first International Exhibition 
 at London, Henri Plon was nominated 
 Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, 
 as a mark of respect on the part of his 
 countrymen, and a little afterwards, at the 
 first Exposition Universelle at Paris, he 
 obtained one of the few medals of honour 
 awarded to members of his profession. 
 
212 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 The eminence which he had acquired in 
 his art obtained for him in 1852 the title 
 of printer to the Emperor Napoleon III., 
 and he was the recipient, about the same 
 time, of many foreign decorations. For 
 several years he was the president of the 
 Paris Chambre des Imprimeurs, and in 
 that capacity earned the respect and 
 esteem of those with whom he was 
 
 brought into contact. He was succeeded 
 by his son, Eugene Plon, a notice of 
 whom will be found szipra. 
 
 Annexed is the device of tjie Plon 
 establishment. The oak, the emblem of 
 strength and stability, and the bee, the 
 emblem of patience and perseverance, 
 are especially appropriate ; around is the 
 motto “ Labor improbus omnia vincit.” 
 
 Plon (Henri). Quelques mots sur les produits de la maison Henri 
 Plon, imprimeur de l’empereur, fondeur et libraire, rue Garanciere 
 8, a Paris. Exposition universelle. Paris : 1855. 8vo. 
 
 Specimen de la fonderie de Plon freres, successeurs de Jules 
 
 Didot, rue de Vaugirard 36, a Paris. Paris: 1851. 4to. pp. 18, 
 and 3 plates. 
 
 Ploos (Gebroeders) VAN Amstel. Bericht van Uitgave en Proeve 
 van bewerking eener beschrijving van boekdrukken en letter- 
 gieten. Amsterdam : 1766. 4to. pp. 39, with 2 plates. 
 
 Beschrijving der Letter-gieterij. i e afdeel. Amsterdam : [about 
 
 1770]. 4to. Two plates by Vinkeles. 
 
 This first part is all that was published. 
 
 Beschrijving van de boekdrukkery en het lettergieten. 
 
 Amsterdam: 1768. 4to. 8 sheets. 
 
 lipreuves de plusieurs sortes de Caracteres : Romains, Ita- 
 
 liques, Flamands, Allemands, Hebreux, Rabins, Grecs, Arabes, 
 Maleis, Armeniens, Karabaiques, Financier, tant Italiques 
 
 qu’Hebreux. Et de diverses sortes de plein chant, &c 
 
 qui se fondent chez les Freres Ploos van Amstel. Amsterdam, 
 sur le Keizersgraft, vis-a-vis le Molenpad. [n. d.] 8vo. 
 
 There are two pages of preface, in which printers are notified that the only foun- 
 dries in Holland possessing the work of Fleischman are this and the Haarlem 
 establishments. The specimens consist of those in the previous book, with 
 numerous additions. 
 
 Getuigschrift voor Cornelis Ploos van Amstel, Jac. Cornelisz. 
 
 wegen zyne uitvinding van Printdrukken. Amsterdam : 1768. 
 8vo. 
 
 A pamphlet of 5 pages. 
 
 Proef van Letteren, Bloemen, Tekenen en verdere Vereischte 
 
 voor eene Drukkery : welke 
 gieterijen van de Gebroeders 
 1767. 8vo. 
 
 This has an engraved copperplate title, 
 showing a printing-press, case, mould, 
 &c. The preface, which is in Dutch, 
 and occupies one page, says: “The 
 
 specimen of our foundry had scarcely 
 been printed when we became buyers of 
 the stock of the late H„ van der Putte, 
 which will oblige us soon to issue another 
 specimen book, as one sees there many 
 ornamented capitals and many founts. 
 
 gegooten worden op de Letter- 
 Ploos van Amstel. Amsterdam : 
 
 both old and new. We spare no cost nor 
 trouble to make our foundry complete in 
 every way.” A MS. note, by J. Enschede, 
 says that No. x. mediaan cursyf was cut 
 by Fleischman, and No. 3 of the same 
 by Alberts and Uitwerf ; No. 1 and 
 ascendiaan, roman and italic, by Fleisch- 
 man, in 1730; No. 3 descendiaan, roman, 
 by Van der Velde, for the same firm ; 
 No. 4 kleine dess, roman and italic, by 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 213 
 
 Fleischman ; No. 1 garmond, by Van 
 der Velde ; No. 2 garmond, by Fleiseh- 
 man ; No. 1 brevier cursyf, by Fleisch- 
 man ; No. 2 brevier roman, by Van der 
 Velde. 
 
 This is the first specimen-book issued 
 by the “ Gebroeders Ploos van Amstel.” 
 
 Another 8vo. book is extant exactly the 
 same as the preceding, except the pre- 
 face, which is here much shorter. M. 
 Enschede calls it the second edition, but 
 it seems identical throughout with the 
 former. 
 
 There is also preserved a third book, 
 with similar founts to the above. The 
 preface is in French, Dutch, and Eng- 
 lish. We extract the following : — “ Sir, 
 — We take the liberty to send you hereby 
 
 a letter-proof of our three conjoined 
 foundings, the performance of which, 
 we hope, may enable you to form a 
 favourable opinion of our being in the 
 way to procure you the best work, and 
 at as low prices as may be got anywhere, 
 whenever you may please to favour us 
 with your orders, for your own use or 
 that of your friends, and in the execu- 
 tion of which the strictest attention and 
 punctuality will be observed, equal to 
 the high regard and esteem with which 
 we remain. Sir, your most humble ser- 
 vants, The Brothers Ploos van Amstel. 
 P.S. — In giving your commissions please' 
 to send us at the same time some m m m 
 low case for the height of your printing- 
 room.” 
 
 Ploos (Gebroeders) van Amstel. Proef van Letteren welke gegooten 
 worden op de lettergielerijen van de Gebroeders Ploos van 
 Amstel. [n. d.] 
 
 A medium sheet in the Enschede collection. It comprises a very extensive 
 assortment of founts, printed in five columns. There are 11 titling, 1 Greek, 
 38 Roman, 25 Italic, 3 Slack or Suabian, 1 Greek, 2 Hebrew, and an Arabic. 
 
 Proeve van eenige nieuwe Schriften van eene nieuwe snede ; 
 
 welke onder anderen Voorhanden zyn en gegooten worden, op de 
 Lettergieterij onder de Firma Gebroeders Ploos van Amstel ; op 
 de Leydsche Graft. Amsterdam : [1789.] 8vo. Title, preface, 
 and 13 pages of specimens. 
 
 A revised edition was issued in 1796. 
 
 Tweede vervolg van de Proef van Letteren, inzonderheid 
 
 vreemde Schriften welke gegooten worden op de Lettergieterij en 
 van de Gebroeders Ploos van Amstel te Amsterdam op de Keizers* 
 graft over ’s Moolenpad. [n. d.] 
 
 M. Enschede says : “ Deeze Letterproef is in 1780 uitgegeven.” The founts 
 include some shaded letters, Hebrew and other foreign characters, as well as an 
 Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 The preface is undated, and simply 
 offers this as a supplement to the previous 
 book. There are a few Roman, Italic, 
 and blacks, as well as music. 
 
 Ploos van Amstf.l. — There were 
 three brothers of this name, all of whom 
 were in partnership as Typefounders at 
 Amsterdam. During the greater por- 
 tion of the Eighteenth Century their 
 foundry held an important position, 
 vying with the Enschede family in the 
 purchase of the numerous type-foundries 
 which were sold in that period. The 
 date of the foundation of their business 
 is unknown, but its locality was on the 
 “ Prinzengracht,” Amsterdam, from which 
 
 their earliest dated specimen-book was 
 issued in 1767. Many successive speci- 
 mens were published, embracing several 
 founts cut by the renowned Fleischmann. 
 About 1770 the foundry was removed to 
 the “ Keizersgraft over ’t Moolenpad,” 
 and in 1791, probably owing to death, 
 the whole business and stock was pur- 
 chased by Jean Enschede. Ledeboer, 
 in his “ Alfabetische Lijst der Boek- 
 drukkers,” 4to., Utrecht, 1876, says that 
 the Ploos Brothers printed an account of 
 their foundry, with the title “ Eene 
 Beschrijving hunner Lettergieterij,” in 
 4to. Cornelius Ploos van Amstel is the 
 only one of the brothers about whom we 
 
 — Vervolg van de Proef van Letteren, Bloemen, Tekenen en ver- 
 dere vereischte voor eene Drukkery : welke gegooten worden op 
 de Lettergieterijen van de Gebroeders Ploos van Amstel. [n. d.] 
 
214 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 have any personal particulars. He was his beautiful copper-plate engravings, 
 probably the punch-cutter of the firm, He was born in 1726, and died in 1798. 
 as his tastes were artistic, and his fame In Bryan’s Dictionary forty-two of his 
 as an amateur has become European by engravings are catalogued. 
 
 Plowman (J.). An Essay on the Illustration of Books. London: 
 1824. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 PoCH (Bernardo). Del Pentateuco stampato in Napoli l’anno 1491, 
 e Saggio di alcune varianti lezioni estratte da esso e da’ libri 
 antichi della Sinagoga. Roma: 1780. 4to. pp. viii. 92. 
 
 A description of an edition of the Pentateuch printed in Naples in 1491 by the 
 printers Soncini, with an exegetical commentary. 
 
 Pochlf, (Ch.). Essai historique et critique sur l’invention de 
 Fimprimerie, Paris : 1859. 8vo. 
 
 Pocket Companion, The Printer’s. Containing imposition and other 
 valuable tables, new and comprehensive Job Price List, &c. 
 Rochdale. No date. Published by F. W. Lawton. i6mo. 
 pp. 24. 
 
 Pohl (Joseph Johann) and Weselsky (Ph.). Studien aus dem 
 Gebiete der Megatypie. Wien : 1857. 8vo. 
 
 Poitevin ( — ). Choix de terres cuites antiques du Cabinet de M. le 
 
 Vicomte Hte. de Janze, photographiees par M. Laverdet, et 
 reportees sur pierre lithographique par M. Poitevin. Texte 
 explicatif par M. Jean Joseph Antoine Marie de Witte. Paris : 
 1857. Folio. 
 
 The text contains references to the process of M. Poitevin, the lithographer, 
 whose discoveries in photo-lithography are referred to elsewhere. 
 
 Pokorny (Alois). Ueber die Darstellung einiger mikroscopischer 
 botanischer Objekte durch Naturselbstdruck. Wien: 1857. 8vo. 
 
 Extracted from the “ Abhandlung der k. m. Academie der Wissenschaften.” The 
 authorship of a naturalist who has written a large number of works on botany and 
 paleontology, chiefly illustrated by the nature-printing process. 
 
 Pokorny (Dr. A.). Ueber die Anwendung der Buchdruckpresse zu? 
 Darstellung physiotypischer Pflanzenabdriicke. 3 plates. 
 
 Polain (Matthieu Lambert). Police de rimprimerie et de la librairie 
 dans l’ancien pays de Liege. Liege : 1854. 8vo. 
 
 Separately printed from the “ Bulletin de l’lnstitut Archeologique Liegeois,” 
 vol. ii., p. 167. 
 
 Les premieres impressions Liegeoises. [Liege: 1842.] 8vo. 
 
 The author, who was a bookseller of Liege, added this article to his fourth 
 monthly catalogue of books, 1842. 
 
 Polet (C. B.). Album von und fiir Typographen. Zur Jubelfeier 
 des Gutenberg- Festes im Jahre 1840. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Polypotype. La Polypotype, ou histoire de lTmprhnerie sous la 
 figure d’un monstre. Paris : 1827. 8va. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 215 
 
 Pom BA (Giuseppe). Cenni storici intorno all’ arte tipografica e suoi 
 progressi in Piemonte, dall’ invenzione della stampa sino al 1835, 
 dettati dall’ avvocata Angelo Brofferio, giusta la memorie ed 
 i documenti somministratigli dal tipografo editore e librajo, 
 Giuseppe Pomba e da questo ora pubblicati. Milan : 1876. 
 8vo. pp. xxii. 138. 
 
 This work, dedicated, to his Majesty down to date of publication. The con- 
 King Victor Emmanuel II., is the dition of the art at different epochs in 
 standard history of’the art of printing in Italy is contrasted with that of other 
 Piedmont. It begins with the introduc- parts of Europe. At the end are verbatim 
 tion of typography into Italy in the copies of historical documents relating to 
 fifteenth century, and traces its progress the subject. 
 
 Tnformazioni intorno alia Tipografia e Libreria ed al com- 
 
 mercio librario Germanico e specialmente della Associazione 
 dei Librai e della Fiera di Lipsia che potranno servir di norma 
 alia progettata instituzione di una prima Fiera Libraria Italiana. 
 Torino : 1869. 8vo. pp. 52. 
 
 The title is printed on the wrapper, but there is a sub-title, “ Del Commercio 
 librario Germanico e della Fiera di Lipsia.” 
 
 como : 1521 et al. 
 
 Ponte or Ponticus (Gotardo da). 
 
 Little is known of this printer beyond “Franchini Gafurii musicae angelicum,” 
 the fact that he printed a book called 1500, noticed by Panzer ; and an Italian 
 “ Isidorus Isolanus,” 1509, which is edition of “Vitruvius,” with woodcuts, 
 described by Brunet ; one entitled at Como, in 1521, folio. 
 
 Pop (B.). Proben aus der Schrift- und Stereotypen-Giesserei von 
 B. Pop in Trier. 1830. 
 
2l6 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Popp (Vas. ). Geschichte der Rumanischen Buchdruckerkunst in 
 Siebenbiirgen. Hermannstadt : 1838. 8vo. 
 
 This work is in the Roumanian language, and is cited from a German origin. 
 
 Poppe (Johann Heinrich Moritz von). Article on the Art of Printing : 
 Buchdruckerkunst, 5 pages, in the “ Allgemeine Encyclopadie der 
 Wissenschaften und Kiinste,” von J. S. Ersch und J. G. Gruber, 
 vol. xiv. Leipzig : 1825. 4to. 
 
 Die Lithographie und der Steindruck in ihrem ganzen Umfange 
 
 und in alien Manieren, nach den neuesten Erfindungen der 
 Deutschen, Franzosen, Italiener, und Englander bearbeitet. 
 Stuttgart: 1833. i2mo. pp. viii., 216, four folding plates. 
 
 Poppe (O.). Neue Buchflihrung im Buchhandel und in Buch- 
 druckereien. Leipzig : 1879. Oblong 4to. pp. 26. 
 
 Portalis (Le Baron Roger) et BEraldi (Henri). Les Graveurs du 
 dixhuitieme siecle. 3 vols. Paris : 1880. 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xii. 
 759 ; vol. ii., pp. 767. 
 
 570 copies printed. A very important work, giving, in alphabetical order, a list 
 of the engravers of the eighteenth century, with a detailed descriptive catalogue 
 of the works of each of them. Vol. iii. not yet published (Dec., 18&1). 
 
 Portefeuille d’un ancien typographe, ou recueil de lettressur divers 
 sujets de personnages et gens de lettres distingues, avec plusieurs 
 pieces interessantes, et des notes pour l’intelligence du texte. A 
 la Haye : 1820. 8vo. 
 
 These letters were addressed to P. Fred. Gosse, formerly a printer at the Hague. 
 They are very curious in connexion with the literary history of the 18th century. 
 Only a small number of copies was printed, and they were not for sale. 
 
 Porthaux (G. ). Specimen des caracteres de fantaisie de G. Porthaux. 
 Paris : 1835. Folio. 
 
 Porthmann (Jules Louis Melchior). £loge historique de l’lmpri- 
 merie. Edition seconde. Paris : 1810. 8vo. pp. iv. 60. 
 
 The first edition of this work appeared strain, but does not contain any historical 
 in the same year. The author describes or technical matter. There are, however, 
 himself as “imprimeur ordinaire de many laudatory references to early 
 S. A. I. et R. Madame.” The book is Parisian printers, 
 eloquently written, in the most eulogistic 
 
 Eloge historique de rimprimerie, augmente d’une refutation 
 
 des deux ouvrages “ Conspectus originum typographicarum ” 
 (1761) et “Origines typographicse ” ( 1 766) de M.Meerman. Paris : 
 1836. 8vo. pp. viii. 96. 
 
 This is the third edition of M. Porth- found in manuscript the two “ refuta- 
 mann’s work, edited and issued by his tions ” of Meerman’s works, and deemed 
 son, A. Porthmann, who states that, in them worthy of publication along with 
 looking over his late father’s papers, he the “Eloge.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 217 
 
 Post Office Directory (The) of Stationers, Printers, Booksellers, 
 Publishers, and Paper-Makers, of England, Scotland, and Wales, 
 and the principal towns in Ireland. London : 1872. 8vo. 
 
 The preface to the first edition stated and 500 persons in the paper trade, 
 that in 1872 there were 1,030 printers. There were 332 wholesale and 1,460 
 27 type-founders, and 26 stereotypers, retail stationers, 23 printers’ ink makers, 
 irrespective of the workmen employed in — altogether some 5,000 persons engaged 
 those businesses. There were also 382 in the separate trades with which the 
 lithographers, 81 copperplate engravers, Directory deals. A third edition of this 
 128 wood engravers, 82 music printers, work was published in the year 1880. 
 
 Poterat et Periaux. Caracteres pour l’impression des cartes 
 geographiques. In vol. ii. of the “ Dictionnaire des Decou- 
 vertes faites en France.” Paris : 1822. 
 
 Potthast (Aug.). Die Abstammung der Familie Decker. Fest- 
 schrift bei hundertjahriger Dauer des Koniglichen Privilegii der 
 Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei. Am 26. Oktober 1863. 
 Berlin : 1863. 4to. pp. 63. Vignettes and 2 portraits. 
 
 At the end of this family history is a genealogy of the Decker family, showing 
 the offices held by them of University Printer at Basle, State Printer at Colmar, and 
 Court Printer at Berlin, from 1596 to 1845. 
 
 Pottier (Andre). Sur un ancien forme a imprimer des cartes a 
 jouer. In the Revue de Rouen et de la Normandie , June, 1846. 
 
 The author was Librarian of the City of Rouen, where he died in 1867. 
 
 Poublon (P. A.). Projet d’un Institut de Gravure a Anvers. 
 Bruxelles : 1802. 4to. 
 
 Pouy (Ferdinand). Recherches historiques et bibliographiques sur 
 l’Imprimerie et la Librairie, et sur les arts et industries qui s’y 
 rattachent, dans le departement de la Somme, avec divers fac- 
 simile. Two parts. Paris: 1863-64. 8vo. Part i. pp. 252, 
 and 2 plates. 
 
 120 copies printed, of which 20 were on et calendriers artistiques, a estampes, a 
 coloured paper. vignettes, a caricatures, principalement 
 
 This author has written on many biblio- du xvi e au xix e siecle, avec notices biblio- 
 graphical and antiquarian subjects, graphiques sur les almanachs divers, 
 chiefly connected with the city of notamment a l’epoque de la Revolution ” 
 Amiens. One of his most interesting (Amiens, 1874. 8vo). 
 
 works is “ Recherches sur les almanachs 
 
 Recherches historiques sur lTmprimerie et la Librairie a 
 
 Amiens, avec une description de livres divers imprimes dans cette 
 ville. Paris [Amiens] : 1861. 8vo. pp. vii. and 205. 
 
 Powell (Arthur Charles Joseph). A Short History of the Art of 
 Printing. London : 1877. 4to. pp. ii. and 50. 
 
 This treatise was issued as a memorial concise and accurate work on the subject 
 of the Caxton Celebration of 1877. Its has not yet made its appearance, and 
 object was to present a brief but fairly there is much new information obtained 
 complete sketch of the history of printing from original sources and by the assist- 
 in this country, and was successfully car- ance of Messrs. Koenig & Bauer, Miller 
 ried out, for the matter is up to date, and & Richard, Talbot Reed, Wm. Conisbee, 
 the results of recent investigations have. W. Dawson, Samuel Bremner, J. M. 
 been throughout made use of. A more Napier, and others; while the author 
 
 VOL. II. 2 F 
 
2 I 8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 acknowledges his obligations to Mr. 
 Blades for supplying illustrations, Mr. 
 Elliot Stock for a fac simile of the first 
 book printed in England, and to Mr. 
 John Southward for many valuable sug- 
 gestions. There are a number of wood- 
 cuts interspersed throughout the text. 
 
 Arthur Charles Joseph Powell is 
 the eldest son of the late Joseph Martin 
 Powell, the founder, practically, of the 
 Printers' Register (see Periodical 
 Publications). He was educated for 
 the bar, and in 1877, at the examination 
 of bar students obtained a scholarship of 
 
 100 guineas for his knowledge of equity. 
 In the same year he was called* to the 
 bar, as a member of the Middle Temple, 
 and has since practised with considerable 
 success. On the death of his father he 
 assumed the editorship of the Printers’ 
 Register . as is stated elsewhere. In the 
 month of November, 1880, Mr. Powell 
 started the proposal for a Memorial 
 Window to Caxton in the church of 
 St. Margaret, Westminster, and at the 
 time of our going to press (Dec. 1881) 
 the project is about to be carried out, 
 under the direction of a committee, Mr. 
 Powell acting as honorary secretary. 
 
 Powell (Dr. Thomas). Human Industry ; or, a History of most 
 Manual Arts; deducing the original, progress, and improvement of 
 them. Furnish’d with variety of instances and examples, show- 
 ing forth the excellency of human wit. London : 1661. 8vo. 
 pp. 188. 
 
 Chapter v., “ of Printing and Printing-presses,” attributes the invention by “ the 
 general voyce for Mentz and John Guttemberg or Fust, about the year 1440.” 
 
 Power (John). A Handy Book about Books, for book-lovers, book- 
 buyers, and book-sellers. London : 1870. 8vo. pp. xiv. 2, 
 217. 8 lithographic fac-similes. 
 
 This work is commendable only in its 
 plan and intention, for its execution is 
 inadequate, if not actually slovenly. 
 Properly carried out, the author’s scheme 
 would have resulted in a book which 
 would have formed a sequel to Horne’s 
 “ Introduction to Bibliography,” and 
 would have brought together in conve- 
 nient form for reference the fresh biblio- 
 graphical information that has been 
 accumulated of late years by contribu- 
 tors to various literary periodicals, such 
 as Notes and Queries ; but the result is 
 a collection of ill-digested and injudi- 
 ciously selected excerpts, not seldom in- 
 
 accurate and misleading. The first part 
 of Mr. Power’s work is a “ Bibliotheca 
 Bibliographica,” an idea which has since 
 been appropriated and expanded by the 
 late Mr. Sabin in a pamphlet with almost 
 the same title (see Sabin, J.). Next come 
 a chronology of events connected with 
 the progress of Printing ; useful recipes 
 for the librarian, &c. ; a typographical 
 gazetteer, based on Dr. Cotton’s ; a 
 bookseller's directory ; a dictionary of 
 terms ; the whole being finished up with 
 miscellanea extracted from periodical 
 publications. The plates have no special 
 value . — See Price (F. C.). 
 
 Poyet (Pierre). Essai de bibliographic Limousine, comprenant i° 
 origines de 1 ’Imprimerie a Limoges, 2° liste des premiers impri- 
 meurs, libraires et relieurs du Limousin. Appendice : debuts de 
 la papeterie dans cette province. Limoges : 1862. 8vo. Plate. 
 
 Pozzoli (Giulio). Manuale di Tipografia, ovvero Guida pratica pei 
 combinatori di caratteri, pei torcolieri, e pei legatori di libri. 
 Milano : 1861. 8vo. 
 
 — Nuovo Manuale di Tipografia, ossia Guida practica pei combina- 
 tori di caratteri, pei torcolieri, macchinisti, legatori di libri, ecc. 
 Seconda edizione, migliorata ed accresciuta. Milano: 1873. 8vo. 
 pp. xxxii. 476, engravings. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 219 
 
 Pozzoli (Giulio). Suir uso dei fregi tipografici, loro storia e progresso. 
 1871. 4to. 
 
 Praet (Joseph Basile Bernard van). Discours qui ont ete prononces 
 en seance publique du Conseil Communal de la ville de Bruges le 
 9 Juin, 1829, lors de la remise des editions de Colard Mansion, a 
 la Bibliotheque Fublique de cette ville. Bruges : 1837. 8vo. 
 pp. 27. 
 
 Notice sur Colard Mansion, libraire et imprimeur de la ville 
 
 de Bruges en Flandre dans le quinzieme siecle. Paris : 1829. 
 8vo. pp. 130, leaf of errata, and 5 plates of fac-similes of type, 
 one illuminated in colours. Large and fine paper. 
 
 — Recherches sur la vie^Jes ecrits, et les editions de Colard Man- 
 sion, imprimeur a Bruges durant le quinzieme siecle. Paris : 1 780. 
 8vo. 
 
 Originally printed in the Esprit des 
 Joumaux, Feb. 1780, and reissued as 
 above. The theory since successfully 
 defended by Mr. William Blades, of 
 Colard Mansion being the preceptor of 
 William Caxton, was first advanced by 
 Van Praet, in this production. 
 
 Joseph Basile Bernard van Praet 
 was. a learned Belgian bibliographer, 
 born at Bruges 27th July, 1754 ; died at 
 Paris, 5th February, 1837. Being the 
 son of a librarian he early acquired a 
 passion for books. After studying at the 
 college of Arros he returned to Bruges, 
 where he passed seven years in the house 
 of his father, availing himself of every 
 opportunity of acquiring the encyclo- 
 paedic knowledge necessary to a biblio- 
 grapher. He left Bruges in 1779 to re- 
 turn to Paris, where he lived a short time 
 with G. De Bure. The latter, apprecia- 
 ting the qualifications of Van Praet, placed 
 him at the head of an establishment 
 devoted to the sale of valuable and rare 
 books. While so engaged public atten- 
 tion was attracted by his two articles 
 inserted in the Esprit des yournaux, of 
 February, 1780, entitled “ Recherches 
 sur la vie, les ecrits, et les editions de 
 Colard Mansion.” At the death of the 
 Due de la Vailliere, who left behind him 
 a most valuable library, De Bure was 
 engaged to catalogue it, and in this 
 work he was assisted by Van Praet, who 
 undertook the description of the manu- 
 scripts. The manner in which he per- 
 formed this office raised him to the first 
 
 Praetorius (Abd.). Epistola ad 
 
 rank of contemporary bibliographers. 
 During the political troubles of the few 
 years following Van Praet seems to have 
 experienced many vicissitudes, having 
 several times been denounced to the 
 authorities as a spy and a traitor because 
 he was a Belgian, and having also been 
 thrown into prison. In 1792, however, 
 he became the librarian of the Biblio- 
 theque du Roi, and established there an 
 entirely new system, founded on his own 
 vast knowledge of books. He remained 
 in this position till his death, but, during 
 successive revolutions and changes of 
 Government, seems to have made many 
 enemies and to have gone through much 
 trouble. A full memoir of him was 
 written by Daunou, entitled “Notice sur 
 Van Praet ” ; and there are also notices 
 of his career in “ Memoires de la Scciete 
 des Antiquaires,” vol. xv. ; in Querard, 
 “ La France litteraire ” ; and in Brunet, 
 “ Manuel du Libraire.” 
 
 Van Praet wrote several works of 
 value to the student of typography pur- 
 suing researches into foreign libraries, 
 yet not sufficiently identified with the 
 subjects embraced in this bibliography to 
 be cited here. Among them may be 
 named the “ Catalogue des Livres im- 
 primes sur velin du Bibliotheque Royale ” 
 (Paris, 1805-13, folio), another edition of 
 which was issued in 8vo. in 1822. A 
 complement to Van Praet’s work, by M. 
 Delisle, entitled “ Inventaire alpha- 
 betique,” was issued in 1877. It is a 
 work of profound research. 
 
 Georg. Baumanum Typographum 
 Erfurdiensem continens querelam de typographicis quibusdam vel 
 iniurijs vel erratis. Sine loco. [Francofordiae ad Oderam] : 
 1562. i2mo. 
 
220 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Prague. Die Zeitschriften- u. Handschriften-Ausstellung des Typo- 
 graphischen Fortbildungs-Vereins in Prag. Prag : 1877 . 8vo. 
 pp. 128. 
 
 A catalogue of the newspaper exhibi- exhibited. 64 of which were devoted to 
 tion organised in 1877 by the Prague typographic literature. The catalogue 
 Typographic Society. Over 8,000 differ- is printed in three languages, — Bohe- 
 ent journals from all countries were mian, German, and French. 
 
 Praloran (G.). Delle Origine e del primato della stampa tipogra- 
 fica. Milano : 1868. 8vo. pp. 172. Woodcut frontispiece of 
 statue of Castaldi. 
 
 It is in this book that the claims of Italy to the invention of printing through 
 Castaldi are developed. 
 
 Prechtl (J. J.). Ueber die Methode, Druckmodelle von jeder Grosse 
 auch nach Art der Stereotypen herzustellen. In dessen Jahr- 
 biicher. Bot. 3. Wien : 1822. 
 
 Prechtler (Otto). Johannes Guttenberg, in 4 Akten. Wien: 1843. 
 8vo. 
 
 Preiswerk (S.). 'DiDin iSjn Jnb vnDj n'ttr 
 
 16 pages of Hebrew song, with a German translation by S. Preiswerk. 
 
 Prentzler (Johann Heinr.). Schriften, Rosgen oder Ziraten und 
 Linien. Francfurt am Mayn : 1774. 4to. 
 
 Presbyterian Church American Mission, 1844. Characters formed 
 by the divisible type belonging to the Chinese Mission of the Board 
 of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United 
 States of America. Macao: 1844. Large 4to. 
 
 no pages of all the Chinese symbols, many of them being cast in two pieces. 
 
 PressgesetzgEbung, die Preussische. Vollstandige Sammlung 
 aller jetzt giiltigen Gesetze, Verordnungen u. Bestimmungen. 
 Fiir Schriftsteller, Buchdrucker, Buchhandler u. Censoren. 
 Berlin : 1843. 8vo. 
 
 Pressgesetzgebung, Preussens, die jetzige. Systemat. Zusammen- 
 stellung der seit dem 24. December 1841 ergangenen Censur und 
 Pressgesetze, etc. Zum Gebrauche fur Schriftsteller, Buch- 
 handler, Buchdrucker u. Censoren. Berlin : 1843. 8vo. 
 
 Pressmen’s Guide (The). Containing valuable instructions and 
 recipes for pressmen and apprentices in city and country print- 
 ing-offices. Brooklyn : 1873. i6mo. 
 
 51 pages of good practical remarks upon press-work. 
 
 Preston (W.). Biography of. [In “Annual Biography,” 1820.] 
 
 Mr. Preston was originally a “printer’s devil,” who eventually became a partner 
 with William Strahan, King’s Printer. 
 
 Prete (Gaet. Zaccar.). Catalogo di opere ebraiche, greche, latine ed 
 italiane stampate dai celebri tipografi Soncini ne’ secoli XV. e 
 XVI. Con brevi notizie storiche degli stessi tipografi raccolte 
 dal Cav. Zefirino Re. Fermo : 1865. 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 221 
 
 Preuschen (A. G.). Grundriss der Typometrischen Geschichte. 
 Basel : 1778. 8vo. 
 
 Preusker (Karl). Gutenberg und Franklin. Eine Festgabe zum 
 vierten Jubilaum der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst ; zugleich 
 mit Antrag zur Griindung von Stadt- und Dorf-Bibliotheken. 
 Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. 64. With a lithographic title, show- 
 ing the portraits of Gutenberg and Franklin, and the statue of 
 the former at Mentz. 
 
 Pkick (Francis Compton). Fac-similes illustrating the labours of 
 William Caxton at Westminster, and the Introduction of Printing 
 into England. With a Memoir of our First Printer, and Biblio- 
 graphical particulars of the Illustrations. London (privately 
 printed) : 1877. 4to. 
 
 In this work Mr. Price maintains that furnishing the illustrations of literary 
 the portrait in the defaced vignette to rarities to that volume. In 1877 he 
 the MS. copy of the “Dictes” in the contributed a memoir of Caxton (illus- 
 archiepiscopal library at Lambeth is trated) to the columns of the Graphic. 
 that of Caxton himself. Mr. Price is a According to the Athenceum (Sept. 4, 
 fac-similist of the highest repute in 1858) Mr. Price may claim the credit of 
 England, and in cases where extreme executing the first entire volume ever 
 accuracy is desired, he is commis'ioned. produced in lithography, viz. : the fac- 
 He employs the method which Mr. simile of the famous “ Hamlet ” quarto 
 William Blades and most experts regard of 1603. He has recently completed for 
 as the only means of obtaining a real . the Holbein Society a fac-simile repro- 
 fac -simile — where the transfer is direct duction of the famous block-book “ The 
 from the original tracing on to the stone. Ars Moriendi,” which has been pro- 
 For the trustees of the British Museum, nounced by very high authority the 
 Mr. Price has executed transcripts of finest sample of fac-simile work ever 
 many of the Egyptian Papyri and fac- executed. Mr. Price is at present (1881) 
 similes of other treasures in the National engaged upon an “Alphabet of Printers’ 
 Collections. He assisted the late Mr. Devices,"’ which will probably be first 
 John Power in the compilation of his published in the pages of the Printing 
 “ Handy-Book about Books ” (1870) ; Times and Lithographer. 
 
 Prideaux (Humphrey). — See Thompson (Edward Maunde). 
 
 Priem (Joh. Paul). Zum Gutenbergfeste. In dessen : festliche Spiele 
 und heitere Stunden. Nuremberg : 1865. 
 
 Prima Florenza tipografica. Firenze : 1871. 8vo. 
 
 Prime (William C.). Early Printing and Printers; article vet Harper's 
 New Monthly Magazine , vol. xi. , p. 466. New York : 1855. 
 8 vo. With 16 illustrations. 
 
 Printer (an Old). Composing-room Lectures : a Manual for Young 
 Printers. London : 1878. 8vo. pp. iv. 28. 
 
 The author of this pamphlet is Mr. and the object of its publication is to 
 William Dorrington, the writer of several lead young men “from the paths of 
 capital printers’ songs, and the editor of idleness and frivolous vanity to those of 
 the Press News. It contains, he says, the industry and study.” The advice is 
 results of “ the experiences of a long life sound and practical, and given in a 
 passed in the printing trade of London,” kindly and judicious manner. 
 
 Printer (The). London : [1833]. 8vo. pp. 88. Woodcuts. 
 
 Contains practical instructions for Case and Press. The only guide to the date 
 is a notice of the “late John M’Creery,” whose death occurred in 1832. There is 
 a copy in the Compositors’ Library, London. 
 
222 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Printer’s Assistant (The). London : 1810. i2mo. 
 
 Printer’s Devil, Memoirs of a ; interspersed with pleasing recollec- 
 tions, local descriptions, and anecdotes. Gainsborough: 1793. 
 8 vo. pp. 170. 
 
 Printer’s Devil (The) ; or, A Type of the Old One. A Burlesque 
 Extravaganza, in one act. London : 1825. i2mo. 
 
 One of the series of plays called “ Duncombe’s Edition of the British Theatre.” 
 
 Printer’s Life in Germany (A), from Personal Experience. An 
 article in the Typographical Circular , December, 1855, by 
 R. S. M[enamin]. 
 
 Printers’ Couplets. Notes and Queries , rst series, vol. i., p. 86. 
 
 Specimens of the devices or verses which the early printers used sometimes to 
 place along with their names at the ends of their books. 
 
 Printers’ Devils. An article in the Grub Street Journal October 
 26, 1732. 
 
 A quaint account of the origin of the phrase “ printer’s devil.” 
 
 Printers’ Grammar (The). London : 1787. 8vo. pp. iv. 369. 
 
 Chiefly collected from Smith’s edition. 
 
 Printers’ Pension, Almshouses, and Asylum Corporation. — 
 See Hodson (J. S.), ante, and in Supplement, post; also 
 Societies. 
 
 Printers’ (The) Pocket Companion : containing Imposition and 
 other valuable Tables, new and comprehensive Price List, &c., 
 &c. Rochdale: (1870). i2mo. pp. 8 letterpress, and pp. 16 
 litho tables. 
 
 Printers’ Privilege of wearing a sword. An article in Notes and 
 Queries, 1st series, vol. iv., p. 232. 
 
 Raises the question as to the alleged privilege of printers in regard to wearing 
 swords. The query was not answered. 
 
 Printers’ Procession. — See Vienna. 
 
 Printers’ Proposals for a Regulation of the Press. [London : 1711.] 
 Folio broadside. 
 
 Every Printer to register his name and residence ; to have a trade-mark as well as 
 his name on every publication ; and to have served an apprenticeship of seven years. 
 
 Printing. A short account of the first Rise and Progress of 
 Printing ; with a complete list of the first books that were 
 published. Printed for T. Parker, Junr., in Jewin Street. 
 London: 1763. 32mo. 
 
 A charming little book, in Nonpareil type, beautifully printed, the leaves mea- 
 suring only if in. by 25 in. A copy is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
 
 Printing : Celebration of its Invention. Notes and Queries, vol. iv., 
 pp. 148, 276. 
 
 The two articles contain, inter alia , a dissertation on the question, “Do different 
 books circulate under the title of ‘Fasciculus Temporum’?” — See Blades, 
 “ Numismata Typographica.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 223 
 
 Printing and Publishing at Home and Abroad. Article in the 
 Foreign Quarterly Review , vol. xxvi., p. 95. [London.] 
 
 Printing in 1449 and Shakespeare. Notes and Queries , vol. iv., 
 p. 344, and vol. v., p. 1 1 7. 
 
 A curious argument as to the apparent anachronism in the Second Part of 
 Henry VI., wherein Cade speaks of “ causing printing to be used.” The reply 
 was written by Bolton Corney. 
 
 Prize Essay on Boy Labour in the Printing Trade. London : 1850. 
 i2mo. 
 
 Proc£d£ actuel de la Lithographic, mise a la portee de l’artiste, 
 Paris : 1818. 8vo. Illustrations. 
 
 Proelfs (Johs.). Zur Erinnerung an die Einfahrung der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst in Leipzig, 1479. (In the Allgem. literar. Correspondenz ., 
 vol. iv., No. 47. Leipzig, 1879.) 
 
 Progress of France under Imperial Rule. From official documents. 
 Imperial Printing-Office, Paris : 1869. 
 
 Chapter xiii. relates to the Imperial Printing-Office, and gives an account of the 
 history and present condition of that institution. It includes a catalogue of the 
 various founts of foreign characters, and a statement of the system on which the 
 public printing is executed. 
 
 Projet (Le) de Loi sur la Presse, par un ancien journaliste. I. Sup- 
 pression de l’autorisation prealable. Le cautionnement. II. 
 L’annonce. III. Le timbre. IV. Moyen de remplacer le revenu 
 du timbre. L’impot de la poste. L’egalite devant l’impot. 
 Mettre un frein a la litterature de bagne et de guillotine. V. La 
 librairie. L’imprimerie. La liberte. VI. Conclusion. Paris : 
 1867. 8vo. 
 
 PrONT (Adrien). Siemens d’une typographic qui reduit au tiers celle 
 en usage, et d’une ecriture qui gagne pres des trois quarts sur l’ecri- 
 ture frar^aise ; l’une et l’autre applicables a toutes les langues. 
 Paris : An vii. [1799]. 8vo. pp. lxv. 126. 47 plates. 
 
 An account of a logographic and steno- 
 graphic system invented by “ le citoyen 
 Pront.” Concerning the word “ logogra- 
 phy,” M. Peignot says (“ Dictionnaire de 
 Bibliologie,” vol. ii. , p. 171), “There 
 was announced in the journals of 1786 
 that a logographic printing-office had 
 been established in London, with a view 
 of composing, not with simple letters, but 
 with syllables. This method never had 
 any success, and M. Pierres demon- 
 strated the inconveniences of such an 
 innovation. By ‘ logography ’ we also 
 mean the manner of writing a discourse 
 as rapidly as it is pronounced ; for the 
 word is composed of two Greek words. 
 
 meaning ‘ a discourse ’ and ‘ writing. ’ 
 At the commencement of the French 
 Revolution there were seated in the hall 
 of the Constituent Assembly seven or 
 eight . writers, ranged round a circular 
 table, who took down the various 
 speeches. These persons were called 
 ‘ logographes,’ and an account of the 
 system they adopted will be found in the 
 Journal de Paris of 1790. But as this 
 method involved many inconveniences, 
 and did not always secure a faithful re- 
 port, more writers were required, and 
 thus further errors crept in, so that at 
 last the logographes had to be super- 
 seded by the use of stenography.” 
 
224 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Propagation of the Gospel in the East : Being an Account of the 
 Progress made by some Missionaries at Tranquebar, in the East 
 Indies. Third edition. London : 1718. 8vo. Part i. pp. 16, 
 xxxvi., 78 ; Part ii. , pp. viii., 60; Part iii. , pp. xxiv., 231. 
 
 The first edition, 1709, was without the 
 third part, which contains an account by- 
 Jonas Finck of his taking out printing 
 materials and a press from England. 
 The ship was captured and plundered by 
 the French, but the printing materials, 
 being in the hold, escaped notice and 
 were safely brought to Tranquebar. 
 Another press and types were sent from 
 Germany. The first work issued by the 
 Missionaries was “ On the Damnable 
 Character of Paganism,” in 1713, which 
 was followed by the New Testament in 
 Tamul. Having made considerable 
 progress with this, they found, to their 
 great distress, that the types being very 
 large their whole stock of paper would 
 
 not be sufficient to bring the book to a 
 conclusion. Nothing daunted, they set to 
 work, and although no particulars are 
 given of punches, matrices, and moulds, 
 the result was that they cast an entirely 
 new fount of Tamul, much smaller, 
 with which they printed the Epistles and 
 the Book of Revelation. Here again 
 necessity was the mother of invention, 
 for, not having any metal for their 
 foundry, they took the leaden covers of 
 a consignment of Dutch cheeses and 
 cast them into printing-types. With 
 great ingenuity and success they also 
 erected a paper-mill, soon after which 
 Jonas Finck, the printer, died. The 
 press was at work up to 1761. 
 
 Proschowski (J. B.). Notitia libri graeci omnium primi, in Polonia 
 typis excusi. In Miscellanea Lipsiensis . Nov., vol. v., part ii., 
 PP- 367-374- 
 
 Proxenus (Sim.). Elegia de nuptiis honesti et eruditi Viri Domini 
 Georgij Melantrichi, ciuis et typographi Pragensis, et pudicae 
 Virginis 'Annae sponsae eius. S. 1. : 1556. 8vo. 
 
 Prozess des Buchdruckers Unger gegen den Consistorial-Rath Zollner 
 in Censurangelegenheiten wegen eines verbotenen Buches. 
 Berlin : 1791. Large 8vo. 
 
 Prynne (Wm.). A True and Perfect Narrative, &c. 1659. 4to. 
 
 On page 49, Prynne says that, among England without controll, as the London 
 other wickednesses perpetrated by the Stationers (moved out of Conscience) 
 Jesuits, they “permitted many thousands declared and published to them in their 
 of Popish Primers and other Books to be ‘Beacon fired,’ 1652, and ‘Scintilla,’ 
 freely imported, and above thirty thou- which book was presently answered by 
 sand Popish and Atheistical pamphlets the ‘ Beacon quenched,’ subscribed by 
 of all sorts, against our Church, Religion, Colonel Pride,” &c., &c. 
 
 Ministers, to be printed and vended in 
 
 Psalmanazar. Memoirs of, commonly known by the name of 
 George Psalmanazar, a reputed Native of Formosa, written by 
 himself. London : 1764. 8vo. Portrait. 
 
 George Psalmanazar is the assumed Rome. Not being able to purchase a 
 name of a very remarkable person, born, pilgrim’s garb he stole one from a chapel, 
 as he tells us, in 1679, and who died 3rd and began to beg, meeting with much 
 May, 1763, at London. His true name success. The money he earned was 
 has never been identified. He was un- spent in dissipation at the various taverns 
 doubtedly a Frenchman, and received a on the way. About the age of sixteen 
 good classical education in a college of he hit upon the wild project of passing as 
 the Jesuits. On leaving the college he a native of Formosa. He set himself to 
 fell into a dissolute kind of life, and was form a new character and language, a 
 put to various straits to obtain money to grammar, a division of the year into 
 maintain himself. He first of all pre- twenty months, a new religion, and what- 
 tended to be a sufferer for religion and ever else was necessary to support the 
 that he was going on a pilgrimage to 'deceit. His alphabet was written from 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 225 
 
 right to left. He then began a tour to 
 the Low Countries. Under the pretence 
 of being a Formosan, converted by some 
 Jesuit missionary and brought to Avig- 
 non to be instructed, he travelled many 
 hundred miles. At Liege he enlisted 
 into the Dutch service and was taken to 
 Aix-la-Chapelle. He now chose to act 
 as an unconverted or heathen Formosan, 
 and, getting to know the chaplain of a 
 regiment, was baptised. The chaplain 
 sent him to England to have an inter- 
 view with the Bishop of London. The 
 latter received him with much courtesy, 
 and he soon found a large circle of 
 friends. He translated the Church Cate- 
 chism into “ Formosan,” and the manu- 
 script was regarded as of great value. 
 
 After this he was set to write a “ History 
 and Description of Formosa,” of which 
 two editions were published. They 
 excited a good deal of controversy, but 
 the fraud was not at first discovered. 
 The bishop then sent him to Oxford to 
 pursue his studies ; but ultimately the 
 spuriousness of his book was detected. 
 He then seems to have relied on his pen 
 for his living, and managed to make a 
 very comfortable livelihood. During his 
 latttr years he led an exemplary life, 
 and before he died wrote his memoirs ; 
 never, however, revealing his true name. 
 
 In Psalmanazar’s Memoirs (i. 284 et 
 seq.) there is an account of Palmer’s 
 “ History of Printing .” — See Palmer. 
 
 Psaume (litienne). Bibliographic speciale et chronologique des 
 principaux ouvrages sur rimprimerie et la Bibliologie. [supple- 
 ment to his “ Dictionnaire Bibliographiqvie,” &c., tome i. pp. 
 216-264.] Paris: 1824. 8vo. 
 
 Interesting for the originality of its style, and the pungency of some of its anno- 
 tations. 
 
 Puhlmann (Dr.). Beschreibung des Jubelfestes der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst in der Offizin in Potsdam am 25. und 26. Sep- 
 tember, 1840. 
 
 A description of the commemorative festival celebrated in the printing-house of 
 
 Decker, of Potsdam. 
 
 Pumphrey (A. ). Collography, for Autographic Printing; by which 
 any one can reproduce writing or other matter to an unlimited 
 extent, in any colour, with perfection. With autographic illus- 
 trations. Birmingham : 1878. 8vo. pp. 26, and 16 leaves of 
 illustrations. 
 
 An interesting trade list. 
 
 Punctuation. A Treatise on Punctuation, and on other matters 
 relating to correct Writing and Printing, by an Old Printer. 
 London : [1870.] 8vo. 
 
 An excellent little manual of 126 pages, intended for the guidance of compositors. 
 
 Punctuational Signs used by Printers. Notes and Queries , 1st series, 
 vol. x., p. 445 ; vol. xii., pp. 201, 521. 
 
 Three interesting articles on the origin of the shape of the present signs of punc- 
 tuation used in print 
 
 Purfoot (T.). A profitable Boke. How to gilde, grave, sawder, 
 and varnish. Taken out of Dutche and Englished by L. M. 
 
 London: 1583. With the “art of limming,” a new edition 
 
 in 4to., 1588 and 1596. 
 
 Thomas Purfoot, or Purfoote, was an English printer and stationer, who lived in 
 the latter part of the 16th century. The art of “ limming ” is given in regard to 
 “ velym, parchment, or paper.” 
 
 Putherbein von Thuron. Tractat von verbot vund aufifhebung 
 deren Biicher vnd Schrifften, so in gemain one nachtheil vund 
 VOL. II. 2 G 
 
226 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 verletzung des gewissens, auch der frumb vnd erbarkeit, nit 
 mogen gelesen oder behalten werden. S. 1 . 1581. (Bears 
 Munich in the imprint ; in the preface Salzburg is named.) 8vo. 
 
 A vehement polemic against printing, and especially the printing of heretic books. 
 
 In this book not the pages are counted, but the leaves, of which k has 171. 
 
 Putter (Johann Stephan). Der Biichernaclidruck nach achten 
 Grundsatzen des Rechts. Gottingen : 1774. 4to. pp. vii. 206. 
 
 Puy de Montbrun (E. H. J. du). Recherches bibliographiques sur 
 quelques impressions N eerlandaises du xv e et du xvi e siecle. 
 Leide : 1836. 8vo. pp. viii. 98. Facsimiles. 
 
 The incunabula here described with exactness and much detail are, with the 
 
 exception of five, preserved in the library of the City of Haarlem. 
 
 Pye (John). Evidence relative to the Art of Engraving, taken before 
 the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Arts, 1836 ; 
 and the Committee’s Report made to the House thereon. 
 Reprinted, together with the Petition of Engravers which led to 
 that evidence being taken. To which is prefixed, a brief account 
 of the Connexion of Engraving with the Royal Academy of Arts 
 of London. Illustrated, -with Notes. London : 1836. 8vo. 
 pp. 46. 
 
 Pynson (Richard). Reprint of the editio princeps of the “ Promp- 
 tuarium Parvulorum,” of Galfridus Grammaticus, 1440. London: 
 Camden Society. 4to. With fac-similes of the MSS. 
 
227 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 Pynson (Richard). Lily’s Brevissima Institutio. Editio princeps, by 
 Pynson, 1518. London : Longmans, 1830. With fac-simile 
 
 wood-cut title-pages. 
 
 This printer was contemporaneous with, 
 if not earlier than, Wynken de Worde. 
 He would seem to have been a Norman 
 by birth, and, as appears from King 
 Henry’s patent of naturalisation, wherein 
 he is styled “ Richardum Pynson, in 
 partibus Normand. oriund.,” he cer- 
 tainly exercised the art of printing in 
 this country as early as 1493. He had pro- 
 bably relations who either came over with 
 him or who were established here before 
 
 appear from Pynson’s colophons that his 
 first office was outside Temple Bar, 
 being probably the same that was after- 
 wards occuoied by Robert Redman, in 
 St. Clement’s parish, and he seems to 
 have removed into Fleet Street, near 
 St. Dunstan’s Church, about the year 
 1503. Redman succeeded him in his 
 general office and used his device. No 
 books from Pynson’s press appeared with 
 a later date than 1529, but whether he 
 
 him, for according to the churchwardens’ 
 accounts for St. Margaret’s, Westmin- 
 ster, 1504, there is the following memor- 
 andum : — “ Item, receuyed of Robert 
 Pynson for four tapers, iiiid.” It has 
 been stated that he was apprenticed to 
 Caxton, but there does not seem to be 
 sufficient proof of the assertion. Pynson, 
 however, in one of his books, calls Cax- 
 ton “ his worshipful master.” Very 
 little is known concerning him, and 
 Herbert (“Typographical Antiquities”), 
 who devotes several pages to examining 
 the accounts given of him by previous 
 writers, shows that nearly all their state- . 
 ments are unworthy of belief. It would 
 
 died about this time, or only retired from 
 business, is uncertain. He enjoyed a 
 patent as King’s Printer, and Berthelet 
 succeeded him in it in 1529. Herbert’s 
 edition of “Ames,” yol. i., pp. 242-302, 
 ives an account of the books which are 
 nown to have been printed by Pynson ; 
 they range between 1493 and 1527. 
 
 We reproduce the portrait of Pynson, 
 as given in Ames and Herbert. Dib- 
 din says that it is taken from a portrait 
 on the back of a Latin address to Mar- 
 shal Montmorenci, by John Gorraeus, 
 dated Paris, 1578. Faithorne wantonly 
 copied this portrait of a French professor 
 and called it a likeness of Pynson. This 
 
228 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 was discovered by the sagacity of Mr. 
 Douce, and a copy of the original was 
 lent to Dibdin, who has engraved it in 
 the second volume of the “Typographical 
 Antiquities.” 
 
 Pynson’s Devices.— Pynson used, at 
 various times, no le-;s than six different 
 devices, two of which we append. The 
 
 taken from Pynson by Robert Redman. 
 A great controversy arose out of business 
 competition between the rival printers. 
 Pynson abused Redman in very gross 
 terms in the colophon of an edition 
 of “ Lyttleton’s Tenures.” Redman, 
 notwithstanding the anathemas, suc- 
 ceeded Pynson, and, as already stated, 
 
 first we give was, in the order of use, 
 No. 3. It is very like his device No. 1, 
 but there is an alteration in the number 
 of stars in the upper portion. In the 
 one device there were two at each side 
 of the vizier ; in this there are four on 
 one side and five in the other. 
 
 We also reproduce one of the devices 
 
 removed into the very house formerly 
 occupied by his opponent. Redman 
 appears to have possessed no design of 
 his own, but sometimes used the device 
 No. 3 (above represented), merely re- 
 moving the words “Richard Pynson” 
 at foot, and substituting “ Robert 
 Redman .” — See Redman. 
 
UANDT (Johann Gottlob von). Entwurf 
 zu einer Geschichte der Kupferstecher- 
 kunst und deren Wechselwirkungen 
 mit andern Zeichnenden Kiinsten. 
 Leipzig : 1826. i2mo. pp. xii. 313. 
 With 2 supplements. 
 
 Verzeichniss meiner Kupferstich- 
 
 sammlung als Leitfaden zur Geschichte 
 der Kupferstichkunst und Malerei. 
 Leipzig: 1853. 8vo. 
 
 Quantin (A.). Aide Manuce et l’Hel- 
 lenisme a Venise, par Ambroise 
 Firmin-Didot, de l’Academie. Rapport 
 lu a l’Assemblee generale du 4 Avril, 1875, de la Societe fraternelle 
 des Protes de Paris. Paris: 1875. 8vo. pp. 15. 
 
 An extract from the Proceedings of the Society for 1875 . — See Didot (Ambroise 
 Firmin). 
 
 — Les origines de l’imprimerie et son introduction en Angle- 
 terre, d’apres des recentes publications Anglaises. Paris : 1877. 
 Royal 8vo. pp. 70. 
 
 The impression of this book was limited 
 to 275 copies. It is divided into five 
 chapters, dealing respectively with : The 
 first attempts at Printing and the incu- 
 nabula , Haarlem and Laurens Koster, 
 Mayence and John Gutenberg, Fust and 
 Schoeffer, and William Caxton. The 
 book does not possess any special value 
 except as a resume of the materials col- 
 lected by previous writers. The author 
 adopts the theory of Ulric Zell being the 
 preceptor of Caxton, which the re- 
 searches of Mr. Blades have shown to , 
 be untenable. 
 
 Mons. A. Quantin is now the head 
 of the celebrated printing and publishing 
 firm of A. Quantin & Co., 7, Rue Saint 
 Benoit, Paris, and the successor of the 
 no less celebrated printing-office of Jules 
 Claye & Co. , some particulars of whom 
 will be found in this Bibliography, j. v. 
 Claye (J. ). E very book-lover knows that 
 France is the land par excellence of choice 
 editions. The first modem successful 
 efforts made in this direction date from 
 1855, when Tannet commenced his “ Bib- 
 liotheque Elzeverienne,” and Perrin, of 
 Lyons, delighted bibliophiles with his 
 
230 Bibliography 
 
 tinted paper and reproductions of six- 
 teenth-century capital letters and culs de 
 lampe. These traditions were most suc- 
 cessfully carried out by Jouaust and 
 Claye, and have reached a climax in the 
 Editions de luxe of M. Quantin. As an 
 example, we may refer to the superb 
 work on Hans Holbein, published in 
 1879. The object of the publisher in 
 producing this volume was to inaugurate 
 a series of monographs on the great 
 artists of all countries and all epochs, 
 and containing not alone faithful repro- 
 ductions of their finest works, but a 
 careful study of their methods and their 
 lives ; an enlargement, in fact, of 
 M. Charles Blanc’s “ History of Paint- 
 ing.” The series was appropriately 
 commenced with Hans Holbein, the 
 indefatigable draughtsman whose genius 
 has left such traditions in Switzerland, 
 Germany, and England. The author of 
 the text, M. Paul Mantz, described the 
 life, previously almost unknown, of Hans 
 Holbein, and did not confine himself to 
 putting; in order the various documents 
 found in the archives, but showed Hol- 
 bein in the noble period in which he 
 lived, now working for the printers at 
 Bale, or beautifying with his brush the 
 walls of the rich Swiss burghers’ houses , 
 now illustrating the works of Erasmus 
 or Sir Thomas More, and eventually be- 
 coming the court painter of Henry VIII. 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 Such a work, as may be well understood, 
 afforded a rich field for illustration. 
 Aided by the counsels of M. Edouard 
 Lievre, the author of the “ Musee Uni- 
 versel,” some of the finest drawings 
 and pictures at Bale, at Windsor Castle, 
 at Darmstadt, at the Hague, Berlin, 
 Dresden, and the Louvre are reproduced. 
 There are the Bible illustrations, — the 
 “ Dance of Death,” the old editions of 
 which are now almost impossible to find. 
 The volume comprises in addition a num- 
 ber of etchings, among which are the 
 Erasmus of the Louvre (once in the 
 collection of Charles I.), the costumes of 
 the Baloises, the series of drawings of the 
 “ Passion,” and the portrait of Holbein’s 
 wife. Nothing could exceed the care 
 with which the edition was prepared. 
 The text consists of some 200 pages, 
 illustrated with twenty-seven separate 
 engravings, of which twenty-six are 
 etchings; the other illustrations, wood- 
 cuts, and photo-gravures number more 
 than 300. We instance this work as 
 a specimen of the publications brought 
 out by M. Quantin ; but he has issued 
 several other almost equally splendid 
 examples of luxurious printing ; such, 
 in fact, as will perpetuate his name 
 among the most eminent editeurs that 
 even France, the home of bibliophilism, 
 has ever produced. 
 
 Quaritch (Bernard). Bibliotheca Xylographica, Typographica, et 
 Palseographica. Catalogue of Block-books, and of Early Pro- 
 ductions of the Printing-press in all Countries ; and a Sup- 
 plement of Manuscripts. London : October, 1873. 8vo. 
 pp. iv. 167. 
 
 Mr. Bernard Quaritch, the famous 
 bookseller, of Piccadilly, was born at 
 Worbis, in Prussia, in 1819, but has 
 been for many years a naturalised 
 British subject. He was apprenticed to 
 a bookseller (dealing in new books) at 
 Nordhausen, and remained in his service 
 from 1834 to 183^. In the latter year he 
 took a situation in a publishing house at 
 Berlin, and stayed there three years. In 
 1842, he left the Fatherland and came to 
 London, finding employment in a subor- 
 dinate capacity with the well-known 
 publisher, bookseller, and bibliographer, 
 Mr. Henry George Bohn, of York Street, 
 Covent Garden. He remained two 
 years in this establishment — years to 
 which in some degree may probably be 
 traced the origin of the remarkable 
 fund of book-lore which Mr. Quaritch 
 subsequently amassed. It was during 
 this epoch in his career that he 
 
 made the acquaintance of Lowndes, 
 the author of “ The Bibliographer’s 
 Manual,” who was likewise in Mr. 
 Bohn’s employ ; and on more than one 
 occasion the failing old man was gladly 
 helped in the performance of his duties 
 by his intelligent and energetic young 
 friend, in whose arms he may almost be 
 said to have expired. In 1844 and 1845, 
 Mr. Quaritch was in Paris with M. 
 Theophile Barrois, a bookseller of no 
 little notoriety at the time, who was dis- 
 tinguished for his shrewd and forcible 
 phrases, and the humour with which he 
 hit off the lighter and less commonplace 
 aspects of life in the book-trade. Mr. 
 Quaritch seems to have caught some of 
 the spirit of his employer, as may be 
 seen from his catalogues, which are 
 noticeable not only for the Scholarship 
 and special knowledge which they ex- 
 hibit, but also for the peculiar humour 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 231 
 
 and laconic quaintness of many of their 
 annotations. It is noteworthy thac 
 M. Brunet, whose acquaintance he made 
 during his stay in Paris, predicted Mr. 
 Quaritch’s future eminence as a book- 
 seller, — a prediction which Lowndes had 
 anticipated by a somewhat similar utter- 
 ance two years before. 
 
 Between the years 1845 and 1847, Mr. 
 Quaritch was again settled in London in 
 the service of Mr. Bohn. During this 
 period he compiled the only printed 
 volume of Bohn’s 1847 [Classified] Cata- 
 logue, which was, in general arrangement 
 as well as in regard to accuracy, a far 
 more creditable performance than the 
 celebrated “ Guinea Catalogue,” of 
 1841, notwithstanding the lavish praises 
 that have been bestowed on that com- 
 pilation. 
 
 The year 1847 was an epoch in the life 
 of Mr. Quaritch, for it was in the month 
 of April in that year he quitted Mr. 
 Bohn’s establishment and started in busi- 
 ness for himself. He began, however, 
 on a very small scale, his pecuniary re- 
 sources being limited to the sum he had 
 been able to save by the exercise of the 
 most rigorous self-denial. 
 
 In the following November was issued 
 the first of the series of Catalogues that, 
 in the history of bookselling, will nobly 
 perpetuate Mr. Quaritch’s name. It was 
 entitled “ Quaritch’s Cheap Book Cir- 
 cular,” and consisted of only a single 
 leaf— a little broadside, in fact, — in three 
 columns, containing the titles of about 
 400 books, the average price of which 
 ranged from eighteenpence to two shil- 
 lings, although scattered here and there 
 were nevertheless a few dearer articles. 
 The list included De Moivre’s “Doctrine 
 of Chances,” a subject which has an 
 interest of a somewhat peculiar character, 
 and one which has apparently to a large 
 extent attracted Mr. Quaritch’s study. 
 
 By 1848, a fifth “ Catalogue ” had been 
 issued, but altered both in size and name. 
 The octavo form, which has since been 
 retained, was now adopted, and the title 
 selected was “Catalogue of Foreign and 
 English Books.” A modification, how- 
 ever, was temporarily in use between 
 December, 1854, and May, 1864, in order 
 that the list might secure the same 
 favourable postal conditions as a stamped 
 newspaper ; with this object in view, the 
 title of The Museum was prefixed to the 
 ordinary title. 
 
 From the beginning of his bookselling 
 career Mr., Quaritch had made a special- 
 ity of collecting linguistic and philological 
 works, Oriental and European. This 
 circumstance led to a number of the 
 
 best scholars of the country gradually 
 forming a clientele ■ for the rising book- 
 seller, and they remained afterwards in 
 close business and familiar relations with 
 him. This branch of his business re- 
 ceived a stimulus by the Eastern com- 
 plications which preceded the great 
 Crimean War. 
 
 In 1854, the year in which hostilities 
 commenced, Mr. Quaritch published 
 Barker’s “Turkish Grammar.” In 1856, 
 he issued Redhouse’s “ Turkish Diction- 
 ary ” ; of which he brought out a new and 
 considerably improved edition, revised and 
 enlarged by Dr. Wells, in 1879, and in 
 the following year (1880) a “ Practical 
 Turkish Grammar,” by the same author, 
 the printing of these important and costly 
 works being entrusted to the firm of 
 Wyman & Sons, so long identified with 
 Oriental typography in this country. In 
 regard to the Arabic language, Mr. 
 Quaritch published in 1856 Faris’s 
 “Arabic Grammar,” a new edition of 
 which appeared in 1866, and in 1858 he 
 published Catafago’s “ Arabic Diction- 
 ary,” a new edition of which came out 
 in 1873. In 1857, he issued Bleeck’s 
 “Persian Grammar.” 
 
 For several years Mr. Quaritch, aided 
 by a remarkable memory, great natural 
 gifts, and. unceasing application, had 
 been gaining a thorough knowledge of 
 the rarer and more expensive class of 
 books, and his resources had also simul- 
 taneously been augmenting, so that in 
 the month of February, 1858, when the 
 Bishop of Cashel’s library was sold by 
 auction in London, he was enabled by 
 the requisite combination of capital and 
 knowledge to venture on such important 
 acquisitions as the purchase Of a copy of 
 the Mazarine Bible for the sum of *595. 
 In the same year he published his first 
 large — the word being used relatively to his 
 earlier productions — Catalogue of Books. 
 It consisted of 182 pages, printed in 
 double columns, and comprised nearly 
 5,000 articles. Two years later, that is 
 in i860, he issued his first complete Cata- 
 logue with an alphabetical index. It 
 extended to 408 pages, and included 
 6,574 numbered articles ; the Index, 
 making 23 pages in treble columns, repre- 
 senting about 7,000 entries. 
 
 M. Libri’s great sales in 1859 and 1861, 
 and the Van Alstein sale at Ghent, in 
 
 1863, further supplied Mr. Quaritch with 
 opportunities for increasing his great and 
 costly stock. As a result, he issued, in 
 
 1864, a still thicker Catalogue, but with- 
 out index. 
 
 In 1868, another large volume, forming 
 one complete Catalogue, was published, 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 232 
 
 consisting of 1,080 pages, 15,000 articles, 
 and an Index of 50 pages in treble 
 columns. 
 
 A still more extensive volume was is- 
 sued in 1870, containing 1,194 pages, 
 without index. The last section of this 
 Catalogue was entitled “ Catalogue of 
 Manuscripts, Block-books, and Early 
 Productions of the Printing-Press.’’ 
 Amongst the articles described therein 
 were sixteen Greek MSS. ; a MS. Evan- 
 geliariurn, executed in the Abbey of 
 Priim, in 1040 ; a MS. German Bible, 
 dated 1445, with a large engraved initial ; 
 a mixed block-book and MS. of the be- 
 ginning of the fifteenth century ; the 
 Corser Block-book Apocalypse ; two 
 Caxtons ; Gutenberg’s Catholicon ; the 
 first book printed at Haarlem with a 
 date ; and three copies of Eliot’s North- 
 American Indian Bible. 
 
 Further considerable acquisitions fol- 
 lowed : in July, 1873, for instance, Mr. 
 Quaritch purchased the non-scientific 
 portion of the Royal Society’s Norfolk 
 Library. A few weeks earlier he had 
 bought books and manuscripts to the 
 extent of ,£11,000 at the great Perkins 
 sale. The total amount realised by the 
 Perkins Collection was .£25,000, so that 
 nearly one-half fell to the bids of Mr. 
 Quaritch. The accretions from this 
 celebrated sale enabled him to publish 
 his “ Bibliotheca Xylographica, Typo- 
 graphica, et Palseographica,” named at 
 the head of this article. In this valuable 
 book the articles were respectively ar- 
 ranged under the headings of towns’ 
 and printers’ names. The chronological 
 sequence of Typography was followed, 
 and nearly 1,300' works from the presses 
 of the earlier printers in various countries 
 were accurately described from actual 
 inspection. These were preceded by 
 five block - books ; and included the 
 Mazarine Bible (priced at 3,000 gui- 
 neas) ; the Catholicon ; the “ R ” Bible : 
 Mentelin’s Latin Bible ; eight books 
 printed by P. Schoffer ; ar number of 
 editiones fir incites ; works printed by 
 Schweynheym and Pannartz ; the Co- 
 lumbus letter ; the first edition of Homer 
 and Dante ; a book printed by Colard 
 Mansion ; three works printed by Cax- 
 ton : twenty-one by Wynken de Worde ; 
 and, in the Supplement at the end, a 
 magnificent manuscript of Lydgate's 
 “ Siege of Troy.” This catalogue — the 
 first of the kind ever attempted by a book- 
 seller — gives Mr. Quaritch his status in 
 this Bibliography of Printing. It was, 
 however, only one of a series, and was 
 embodied in his large Catalogue issued 
 in 1874, with alphabetical index. The 
 
 exceptional interest of the contents of 
 this remarkable compilation will perhaps 
 permanently distinguish it from the rest 
 of his general catalogues. It comprised, 
 further, a section devoted to Romances 
 of Chivalry, old Works of Fiction, and 
 popular books. The list was drawn up 
 on an entirely novel principle, the books 
 being united, classified, and grouped in a 
 way unattempted by any bookseller be- 
 fore, or, indeed, since. In its entirety 
 this Catalogue consisted of 1,889 pages, 
 of which the Index, in treble columns, 
 occupied 109 pages. It has naturally 
 proved a very attractive volume to a 
 great number of book- lovers, and has 
 found a place in all the important public 
 libraries of the world. 
 
 The Preface to the 1874 Catalogue is 
 interesting, as exhibiting some of the 
 traits of character which distinguish Mr. 
 Quaritch. He remarks that “ no such 
 catalogue of valuable books and manu- 
 scripts, classified for practical purposes 
 and accompanied by a complete Index, 
 was ever before issued, and it is un- 
 likely that it can ever be done again, 
 owing to the increasing rarity of good 
 old books and the fact that, finan- 
 cially considered, the capital required to 
 obtain such a large and expensive stock 
 realises less than the percentage of profit 
 readily secured by ordinary investment. 
 Whether, further, any bookseller will be 
 blessed with such uniform good-health, 
 such universality of range in all branches 
 of literature, and, I may add, such a 
 devotion to his trade, time alone will tell. 
 Anyhow, this Catalogue has been the 
 greatest effort in my career as a book- 
 seller, which now extends over forty 
 years — twenty-seven of them on my own 
 account.” He concludes thus : — “ It has 
 been my endeavour to make my esta- 
 blishment a focus for learned men and 
 book-collectors of every sort, in which 
 they may find, or readily obtain, anything 
 they require, either to make a library or 
 to follow up their literary and scientific 
 pursuits. I trust, therefore, that my 
 house will remain, as it has been, useful 
 to scholars and collectors from all coun- 
 tries. I will cheerfully devote the rest 
 of my life to gratify their wishes and 
 supply their wants.” 
 
 Another great collection — that of Sir 
 William Tite — was dispersed by auction 
 in 1874. Mr. Quaritch’s purchases on 
 this occasion amounted to ,£9,500.. The 
 number of books bought at this and 
 other sales since the issue of the General 
 Catalogue of 1874, enabled him to prepare 
 a “ Supplemental Catalogue,” nearly as 
 large as the catalogue which it “ supple- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 233 
 
 merited.” It appeared in 1877, and con- 
 sisted of 1,672 pages, of which the index, 
 in treble columns, absorbed 132 pages. 
 The preface to this bulky volume contains 
 some characteristic autobiographical par- 
 ticulars worthy of being reprinted. Mr. 
 Quaritch £ays : — “Since the publication 
 of my General Catalogue of Books in 
 October, 1874, Providence has favoured 
 me with health and strength to issue this 
 Supplement, first in monthly numbers, 
 dated from November, 1874, to February, 
 1877, and now in a collected form with 
 an Index made by a junior cataloguer. 
 This Supplement contains 21,470 articles, 
 or probably 80,000 volumes, many of the 
 single descriptions representing severaf 
 copies of a work. The General Catalogue 
 contained 22,854 articles, or probably 
 
 100.000 volumes ; in all, 44,324 articles — 
 that is, not much under 200,000 volumes.” 
 He refers to the fact that he has, besides 
 his purchases of old books in all parts of 
 Great Britain and Ireland and on the 
 Continent, “bought the most valuable 
 portion of Mr. Henry G. Bohn’s remain- 
 der-stock,” and expresses his intention of 
 devoting the remainder of his life “ to the 
 retail business, the department in which 
 I find the public most desires my services. ” 
 Further on he says “ So extensive and 
 constant is the flow of new stock into my 
 house, that I entreat all enthusiastic col- 
 lectors to call twice a week to inspect my 
 latest purchases.” He concludes by 
 stating that he continues to attend per- 
 sonally all the most important sales of 
 books. 
 
 A great event in the world of- Biblio- 
 phily occurred in the year 1878. We refer 
 to the first Didot sale (see Didot, ante, 
 and also in Supplement). Mr. Quaritch 
 then effected purchases to the extent of 
 
 147.000 francs (,£5,880). The second 
 Didot sale took place in 1879, when he 
 made purchases to the amount of nearly 
 
 143.000 francs (^5,720), and secured some 
 treasures of extraordinary value, includ- 
 ing the “Talbot Prayer-Book”; an Apo- 
 calypse MS. of Castilian twelfth-century 
 execution ; and a fourteenth - century 
 Apocalypse of Italian origin, each of 
 them possessing features of perhaps 
 unique interest. 
 
 The results of all these fresh acqui- 
 sitions and a renewed inventory of old 
 stock enabled Mr. Quaritch to produce, 
 in September, 1880, what may be fitly 
 called his magnum opus , a Catalogue six 
 inches and a half thick, containing 2,395 
 pages, describing 28,009 books, and 
 possessing an index of 229 pages in treble 
 columns, equal to between 75,000 and 
 
 80.000 references. Of a wonderful series 
 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
 of catalogues ; it is .the largest ; its com- 
 piler says it is his last, but this we are 
 disinclined to believe. It is, however, 
 almost impossible that such a colossal 
 bookseller’s catalogue as this is can ever 
 again be produced. By reason as well 
 of the extraordinary value of the books 
 and manuscripts described as of its enor- 
 mous size and extent and the copiousness 
 of the index, it is a veritable monument 
 of bibliophily, bibliography, and typo- 
 graphy, and will be regarded with 
 wonder and veneration as long as the love 
 of books and the use of books exist. 
 
 We may conclude this justifiably 
 lengthy notice with an extract from the 
 Preface of the 1880 Catalogue, in which 
 Mr. Quaritch enunciates the principles 
 upon which he has built up his extra- 
 ordinary business : — 
 
 “ Without boasting, I may say that the 
 collection of books described in this -Cata- 
 logue has been formed with considerable 
 care (containing, as it does, the entire 
 libraries of many great scholars) ; and 
 that students will find the Catalogue itself 
 of value as indicating the lines and land- 
 marks of research throughout the uni- 
 verse of science. The prices of useful 
 and learned books are in all cases mode- 
 rate. The prices of palseographical and 
 bibliographical curiosities are, no doubt, 
 in most cases high ; that, indeed, being a 
 natural result of the great rivalry between 
 English, French, and American collectors. 
 But the time is not far distant when both 
 scholars and collectors will vainly try to 
 buy the books I now advertise, even at 
 rices higher than are marked upon them 
 ere. People who are ignorant of the 
 real value of books, and who foolishly con- 
 found expensive articles with dear ones, 
 exclaim against the heavy prices to be 
 found in my catalogues. It is as though 
 they were incapable of seeing that the 
 choicest copies of the best editions must 
 necessarily command a far higher ap- 
 praisement than ordinary copies of other 
 issues ; or (to illustrate the matter by a 
 reductio ad absurduni) as if every copy 
 of the works of Shakespeare should be of 
 equal value, from the folio of 1623 down 
 to the Lansdowne octavo of our own 
 time. In fact, a fine copy of any edition 
 of a book is, and ought to be, more than 
 twice as costly as any other ; and in- 
 vidious comparisons deduced without 
 regard to this truism are simply ridiculous. 
 With regard to the great mass of books 
 which are used for reading and for work, 
 I can unhesitatingly declare, without fear 
 of contradiction from any one, that my 
 prices are not only moderate, but are 
 even beneath those of other booksellers. 
 
 H 
 
234 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. . 
 
 The present Catalogue gives ample illus- 
 tration of this fact. Let it be compared 
 with any other list of the kind ever 
 primed, and no unprejudiced mind' will 
 fail to see that scholars’ working-books 
 are rated in it at prices lower than will be 
 asked even at the pettiest bookstalls.” 
 
 It remains to be added, that from the 
 obscure position of an unknown stranger 
 in p foreign land Mr. Quaritch has, by 
 the force of indomitable perseverance and 
 irrepressible and single-minded devotion 
 to his calling, raised himself to such a 
 position as to have become the most re- 
 markable “bookseller” of this or any 
 other century. He has been called the 
 “ Napoleon of Bibliopoles,” on account 
 of the unrivalled scale of some of his book 
 purchases, and it is well understood that 
 whenever he attends a great. sale by 
 auction he either “sets the prices” or, 
 at any rate, materially influences the 
 bidding. A remarkable example of this 
 fact has been shown in the course of the 
 first Sunderland sale, at which his com- 
 petition for every book of merit or value 
 may be held to have determined the 
 unexpected result. Instead of ;£io,ooo, 
 as this first part of the collection had 
 been thought likely to realise, it brought 
 over .£19,000 ; and, such is the omnivorous 
 activity of Mr. Quaritch’s establishment, 
 that he alone bought to the amount of 
 £12,690 out of that sum, leaving the 
 rest of the world only a third part to 
 feed their wants. And this was in spite 
 of the fact that the national libraries of 
 France and England were amongst his 
 opponents, as well as bold booksellers 
 and wealthy collectors. Nor must it be 
 supposed that this was an instance of 
 spasmodic exertion, for the very day 
 before the Sunderland sale began, the 
 Comerford sale ended, and there also he 
 had made purchases for considerably 
 over .£2,000 ; while, again, at the Gurney 
 sale, which synchronised with that of the 
 Sunderland books, he bought a great 
 many lots vicariously ; and when the 
 auction of Miss Gulston’s property came 
 
 QuatremEre de Quincy (A. 
 Gravure. Paris: 1791. 8vo. 
 
 on, a few days later, his purchases there 
 amounted to nearly half the total sum 
 obtained. Since then, the second and 
 third Sunderland sales have added their 
 testimony to his unique position as a 
 book buyer ; and the auction of the famous 
 Beckford library has proved that even 
 the most daring and the wealthiest of 
 French collectors could not snatch from 
 him the honours of a field in which 
 they might have been accounted the 
 foremost champions. It should also 
 be remembered that the task of col- 
 lating (not to speak of the cataloguing) 
 all these enormous purchases, and in- 
 corporating them in their proper places, 
 is a tremendous labour in itself r which, 
 nevertheless, has to be accomplished 
 speedily in consequence of the limitations 
 concerning the return of books found to 
 be defective. Yet not only was this work 
 done, but the regular classified cata- 
 loguing of the stock was proceeded with, 
 side by side with the production of 
 “ rough lists ” and the constant amalga- 
 mation of new purchases. The man’s 
 energy and force of will, and the perfect 
 system on which he has organised the 
 labour of his business, are amply illus- 
 trated by these facts ; while his keenest 
 opponents (of whom he has many, though 
 none whose rivalry can match him) admit 
 the vastness of his knowledge of books, and 
 appreciate the promptitude and audacity 
 with which he estimates their pecuniary 
 value. His stock at No. 15, Piccadilly, is 
 the largest of the kind in the world, and 
 includes — as will be expected from the 
 details above given — works of almost 
 priceless value and of the utmost rarity. 
 
 Addressing Mr. H. G. Bohn, when he 
 left his service in 1847, Mr. Quaritch. 
 said: — “Mr. Bohn, you are the first 
 
 - bookseller in England, but I mean to be 
 the first bookseller in Europe ! ” This 
 ambition he has unquestionably realised. 
 
 The annexed portrait of Mr. Quaritch 
 has been engraved on steel from a 
 photograph by Mayall, expressly taken 
 for this work. 
 
 C.). Reflexions nouvelles sur la 
 
 pp. 8. 
 
 See Gaucher. 
 
 Quesada (Ernest). L’Imprimerie et les livres dans l’Amerique 
 espagnole au xvi e , xvii e , et xviii e siecles. Discours prononce au 
 Congres international des Americanistes. Seance du 27 Septembre, 
 1879, a Bruxelles. Bruxelles: 1879. Svo. pp. 30. 
 


 
 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 35 
 
 Questione (Sulla) della sciopero Tipografico. [Milano: 1863.] 8vo. 
 
 One of the fugitive tracts written at the time of the Castaldi Celebration in Italy 
 to advance the cause of an Italian invention of Printing. 
 
 See Castaldi. 
 
 Quinquet (Bertrand). Traitede l’Imprimerie. Paris : An vii. ( 1 799 )- 
 4to. pp. viii. 288, with 10 plates. 
 
 The work treats of : The Origin of Printing, Types and their Use, Impositions, 
 Orthography and Punctuation, Presswork, Management of a Printing-Office, &c. 
 
 Quirini (Angelo Maria, Cardinal). Liber singularis de optimorum 
 scriptorum editionibus quse Romse primum prodierunt post 
 divinum Typographic inventum, a gerrnanis opificibus in earn 
 urbem advectum : plerisque omnibus earum editionuin seu prc- 
 fationibus, seu epistolis in medium allatis. Cum brevibus obser- 
 vationibus ad easdem, rei typographies origini illustrands valde 
 opportunis. Recensuit, annotationes, rerumque notabiliorum 
 jndicem adjecit, et diatribam prseliminarem de variis rebus ad 
 natales artis typographies dilucidanaos facientibus prsmissit 
 Jo. Greg. Schelhornius. Lindaugis : 1761. 4to. pp. 2G6, five 
 leaves of index. Facsimiles. 
 
 Specimen varis Literaturs qus in urbe Brixia ejusque ditione 
 
 paulo post Typographis incunabula florebat scilicet vergente ad 
 finem saeculo xv. usque ad medietatem saeculi xvi. 2 parts. 
 Brixia : 1 739. 4to. 
 
 Cardinal Quirini was celebrated as lection of books to the library of the 
 an historian, a philologer, and an anti- Vatican, which necessitated the erection 
 quary. He was born about 1684, and of an additional room of great dimen- 
 died 1755. Entering at an early age the sions. H is works are numerous. In the 
 Order of Benedictines, he studied with British Museum there is a collection of 
 great ardour literature and belles lettres. fourteen splendid engravings, by Fran- 
 Afterwards he became acquainted with cesco Zucchi (executed about 1750), and 
 the most learned men of his age. About published at Brescia in 1753, folio, re- 
 1710, he went on a tour throughout many presenting scenes in the life of Quirini. 
 parts of Europe, and spread everywhere One of the compartments of the alle- 
 thefame of his learning and his liberality, gorical frontispiece represents an antique 
 He was made a cardinal by Benedict wooden-framed printing-press. 
 
 XIII., and soon after presented his col- 
 
(j. F.). Geschichte der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst. Eine kurze fur 
 Jedermann verstandliche Darstellung. 
 Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. 2 plates. 
 
 Rabut (A. & F. ). L’imprimerie, les 
 imprimeurs, et les libraires en Savoie, 
 du XV e au XIX e siecle. Chambery : 
 1877. 8vo. pp. 415. 
 
 Includes facsimiles of initials, ornaments, 
 printers’ mafks, &c. 
 
 Raedell (Dr. Carl). Bericht iiber die 
 Lebensfahigkeit der vereinigten Kran- 
 ken-, Invaliden-, Reise-, und Sterbe- 
 kassen der Buchdrucker Berlins. Berlin : 1854. 8vo. 
 
 Raffelsperger (Franz). Proben der ersten geographischen Typen. 
 Wien : 1838. 8vo. 8 plates in colours. 
 
 The author was a distinguished German geographer and traveller. Among his 
 works is the “Allgemeines lexicographisches Central-Handbuch.” Wien: 1850. 8vo. 
 
 Rahlenbeck (Charles). Notice sur les auteurs, les imprimeurs, et 
 les distributeurs des pamphlets politiques et religieux du XVI e 
 siecle. Bruxelles : [i860]. 8vo. pp. 10. 
 
 Fifty copies reprinted from the Bibliophile Beige , 1859-60. 
 
 Raimbach (Abraham). Memoirs and Recollections of the late Abra- 
 ham Raimbach, Esq., Engraver, Corresponding Member of the 
 Institute of France, and- Honorary Member of the Academies of 
 Arts of St. Petersburg, Geneva, and Amsterdam. Including a 
 Memoir of Sir David Wilkie, R.A. Edited by M. T. S. Raim- 
 bach. London: 1843. Small 4to. [Not published.] Portrait 
 by Freebairn, engraved by Bate’s patent Anaglyptograph. 
 pp. viii. 203. 250 copies printed. 
 
 Abraham Raimbach, one of the most celebrated of English engravers, was 
 born at London, in 1776, and died at Greenwich, 17th January, 1843. His best 
 works are the “Village Politicians,” the “ Rent-Day,” and the “ Maypole,” — all 
 after Wilkie. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 237 
 
 Raimondi (Luigi). Memoria sul Pio Istituto Tipografico di Milano, 
 dalla sua fondazione al presente. Milano : 1879. 4to. ' pp. viii. 
 265. 
 
 A very interesting and full account of the oldest and most important of the 
 benefit societies for printers in Italy. Founded in 1804, it is still flourishing. — See 
 Regolamento del Pio Istituto. 
 
 Ralston (Jackson H.). Rapport sur l’etat typographique dans les 
 divers pays de l’Europe. Paris : 1879. 8vo. pp. 30. 
 
 The author was delegate at the Paris Exposition, 1878, of the International 
 Typographical Union of the United States. 
 
 Ramaley (David). Employing Printers’ Price-List for Job-Printing. 
 Based on a new plan of measurement and with detailed prices for 
 all classes of work. St. Paul, Minnesota, 1873. 8vo. pp. 72. 
 1876. 8vo. 
 
 The work was first issued in 1873, and a presswork, ruling, and binding of any 
 Supplement of eight pages was issued in job of work ; and as the circumstances 
 May, 1876. Its object, as stated by the of competition, and depreciation of paper 
 author, is “ to supply to printers a ready and labour may vary, the prices and 
 guide for uniform prices of printing, estimates may be varied by discounts of 
 The theory of the author is to furnish a certain per cent, upon the price of the 
 figures representing a net profit of fifty completed work.” 
 per cent, upon the paper, composition, 
 
 Ramboy & Schuckart. Imprimerie a Geneve. Reglement de la 
 caisse des ouvriers. 1870. 8vo. p. 1. 
 
 Rammelman-Elsevier (W. J. C.). lets over de leidsche schilders 
 van 1610, in verband met het geslacht der Elsevieren. Utrecht : 
 1849. 8vo. 
 
 Uitkomsten van een onderzoek omtrent de Elseviers, meer 
 
 bepaaldelijk met opzigt tot derzelver Genealogie. Een noodige 
 voorarbeid tot de geschiedenis der Elseviersche drukpers. 
 Utrecht : 1845. 8vo. pp. 40. 
 
 Not printed for sale. A free translation of this work into French was published 
 under his own name by A. de Reume ( q . v.), with the following title : — “ Recherches 
 historiques, genealogiques, et bibliographiques sur les Elzevier.” Bruxelles: 1847. 
 8vo. 
 
 De Voormalige Drukkerij op het Raadhuis der Stad Leyden, 
 
 1 577—1610. 1857. 8vo. 
 
 Rapp (Heinrich). — See Geheimniss des Steindrucks. 
 
 Rapport de la Commission des Tmprimeurs, nommee le 18 Mai, 1830. 
 Pour l’etablissement d’une Chambre des Imprimeurs. Paris, impr. 
 Fournier. 8vo. pp. 24. 
 
 Rapport des delegues fondeurs-typographes sur 1’ Exposition univer- 
 selle de Londres en 1862. Paris : 1863. 8vo. 
 
 Similar reports were issued by the French delegates on the lithography, wood- 
 engraving, and letter-press printing of the Exhibition. 
 
238 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rapport sur l’Exposition universelle de 1878. Imprimerie et Gravure. 
 Parts xlix. and xv. 1. Imprimerie. — Note sur l’imprimerie natio- 
 nale par M. A. Herve. pp. 573-590. Notes sommaires sur les 
 Machines a composer et a imprimer par M. E. Lacroix, pp. 501- 
 596. 2. Etude sur la gravure. — La taille-douce — l’eau-forte — ia 
 
 gravure sur bois. Les procedes qui se substituent a la gravure. 
 Impression en couleur, par Henry Gobin. pp. 171-191. Paris: 
 1879. 8 vo. pp. iv. 46. 1 illustration and a table. 
 
 Rapport van de Commissie benoemd door den Raad der Stad Haar- 
 lem, tot het onderzoek naar het jaar van de Uitvinding der Boek- 
 drukkunst, en ter ontwerping van een plan voor de viering van 
 het aanstaande eeuwfeest-, betreffende het eerste gedeelte van den 
 haar opgedragen last. Haarlem : 1822. 8vo. pp. 31. 
 
 The Commissioners appointed to fix The Commissioners were Jan van Sty rum, 
 the date of the Invention of Printing, in J. van Walre, A. de Vries, R. H. Arnt- 
 order that a commemorative festival zenius, Joh. Enschede, A. van der Willi- 
 might be held, settled upon 1423 as the gen, and C. de Koning .— See Koster, 
 year in which Koster discovered the art. Linde, and (in Supplement) Hessels. 
 
 Rapports de la Commission, nommee par la Chambre des Impri- 
 meurs de Paris, pour l’examen de la Caisse nouvelle. Paris : 1854. 
 l2mo. pp. 8. 
 
 Rapports de la delegation ouvriere fransaise a l’Exposition universelle 
 de Vienne. Conducteurs-typographes. 8vo. pp. 37. — Fondeurs 
 de caracteres. 8vo. — Imprimeurs en taille-douce. 8vo. — Impri- 
 meurs-typographes. 8vo. — Lithographes. 8vo. —Paris : 1873. 
 
 Rapports, faits a la Societe d’ Encouragement, sur les Presses Meca- 
 niques et celles a la Stanhope, de Giroudet, &c. Paris : 1834. 
 •8vo. 
 
 Ratdolt . — See Schmidt (Franz). 
 
 Erhard Ratdolt was a German 
 printer of the fifteenth century. He was 
 born at Augsbourg, and commenced print- 
 ing at Venice about 1476. It is believed 
 that he first introduced the system of 
 engraving mathematical diagrams on 
 wood, and printing them in the text of 
 his books. To him is also attributed the 
 use of cast metal ornaments, vignettes, 
 and initials, which had previously been 
 executed by the copper-plate method. 
 
 He was likewise the first to print in gold 
 letters, and he is also said to have been 
 the originator of frontispieces and title- 
 pages. The “ Kalendarium,” printed by 
 Ratdolt in 1476, was a small folio, with- 
 out catchwords, page-numerals, or sig- 
 natures, and shows, by contrast with 
 his later works, the many improvements 
 in book-making of which "he was the 
 originator. He issued many fine edi- 
 tions, in partnership with other printers, 
 between 1476 and 1487, and in the 
 latter year he left Venice and returned 
 to Augsbourg, where he continued to 
 print up to 1505, as is ascertained from 
 
 the work entitled “ Romanse vetustatis 
 fragmenta, in Augusta Vindelicorum, 
 ej usque dioecesi collecta et edita a Con- 
 rado Peutingaro ” ; which bears this 
 imprint : “ Erhardus Ratdolt, Augus- 
 tensis, impressit VIII. KLS. octob. 
 MDV.” It is a small folio, well printed. 
 The Kalendar, of which we have spoken, 
 is merely an early attempt to overcome 
 the difficulty of printing the figures of the 
 text at the same time as the rest of the 
 book ; but Ratdolt’s edition of “ Euclidis 
 elementa geometrica, cum Commentariis 
 Campani ” (Venice : 1482, folio), shows 
 that he had surmounted the obstacles 
 which presented themselves, and accom- 
 plished a very excellent specimen of 
 printing. In the dedication to the 
 Doge, Jean Mocenigo, reference is 
 made to this improvement in the art of 
 printing. Ratdolt’s device _ consists of 
 the emblem of the constellation of Her- 
 cules, on a shield, surmounted by a 
 helmet, bearing two hunting-horns, with 
 a star between them : it is given on the 
 opposite page. 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 2 39 
 
 RATDOLT: VENICE, 1476-1487; AUGSBOURG, 1487-1505. 
 
240 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rathgeber (Georg). Annalen der Niederlandischen Malerei, Form- 
 ~ schneide- und Kupferstecherkunst. Gotha: 1844. Folio. 6 pre- 
 liminary leaves, pp. viii. 444 and 228 (partly numbered in 
 columns). 
 
 The five parts into which this volume 
 is divided have each a separate title- 
 page, as follows : — I. From the Brothers 
 van Eyck to Albert Durer’s residence in 
 the Netherlands, 1400-1520, pp. 1-132 : 
 1842. II. From Durer’s residence in the 
 Netherlands to the death of Franz Floris, 
 1521-1570, pp. 133-280: 1843. III. From 
 the death of Franz Floris to Rubens’s 
 visit to Italy, 1571-1600, pp. 281 to 444: 
 1844. IV. From Rubens’s visit to Italy 
 
 to his death, 1600-1640, pp. 1-106 : 1840. 
 V. From the death of Rubens to the 
 death of Rembrandt, 1641-1664, pp. 107- 
 202 : 1839. A second title is also attached 
 to the last two parts, — “ Niederlandische 
 Gemalde und Kupferstiche des Herzog- 
 lichen Museums zu Gotha aus den Jahren 
 1600 bis 1664, beschrieben in wissenschaft- 
 licher Ordnung und unter fortwahr- 
 ender Beriicksichtigung der gleichzeitigen 
 Kunstwerke in den auswartigen Museen.” 
 
 ■ Beredeneerde geschiedenis der nederlandsche schilder-, hout- 
 
 snij- en graveerkunst. Naar het Hoogduitsch. Met aanteeke- 
 ningen van den vertaler. Vol. i. Amsterdam : 1844. 8vo. 
 pp. xxxii. 432. Frontispiece, containing woodcut portraits of the 
 Brothers van Eyck. 
 
 The publication has not been continued. In the notes the invention of printing 
 and Haarlem’s alleged right of priority are fully discussed. 
 
 Rattwitz (Carolus Fridericus). De Descriptione Typis Confecta 
 cum in genere, turn quoad signa musices in specie meditationes 
 quaedam, ex naturali potissimu.m jure deductse. 1 .ipsise : 1828. 
 4to. pp. vi. 26. [Followed by Cristianus Ernestus Weissius 
 h. t. universitatis litterarum Lipsiensis rector et procancellarius 
 viro consultissimo Carlo Friderico Rattwitz summos in utroque 
 jurehonores. pp. 23.] 
 
 Raucourt de Charleville. A Manual of Lithography, or Memoir 
 on the Lithographical Experiments made in Paris at the Royal 
 School of Roads and Bridges ; clearly explaining the whole art 
 as well as all the accidents that may happen in printing, and the 
 different methods of avoiding them. Translated from the French 
 
 by C. Hullmandel. London : 1820. 8vo. pp. xx. 140. Third 
 
 edition, corrected. To which is added (now for the first time 
 printed), Selections from the work of M. Bregeaut : forming a 
 sequel to the Manual, and bringing down the improvements of 
 the art to the present time. London: 1832. 8vo. pp. xix. 117. 
 
 Illustrated by two lithographed plates of presses and other appliances. It is a 
 
 very complete exposition of lithographic printing up to the time of its publication. 
 
 The preface to the first edition is dated Dec. 10, 1819 ; that to the third edition, 
 
 March, 1832. 
 
 Memoire sur les experiences lithographiques faites a l’ecole 
 
 de Ponts et Chaussees ; ou Manuel theorique et pratique du 
 dessinateur et de rimprimeur-lithographe. Toulon : 1819. 8vo. 
 pp. viii. 210, and two plates. 
 
 Colonel Raucourt died at a somewhat advanced age in Paris in the year 1841. 
 
 See Hullmandel. 
 
Bibliography of Printmg. 
 
 24 
 
 RAUH’sche Stiftungshaus (Das) im Besitze des Gremiums der Buch- 
 Stein- und Kupferdrucker iu Wien. Wien: 1877. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 A Viennese lithographer, named Rauh, Association, as the trustees of the fund, 
 who diad in 1863, having bequeathed was confirmed. The above pamphlet is 
 some bouse property for the benefit of a report, by a committee of three mem- 
 poor and invalided printers, the question bers duly appointed, on the legal pro- 
 arose as to the meaning attached by the ceedings in connexion with the bequest, 
 testator to the term “printer.” This led and contains a statement of the receipts 
 to litigation, which lasted eleven years, and disbursements of the fund up to the 
 when the claim of the Master-Printers’ end of the year 1876. 
 
 Ravelet (Armand). Code manuel de la presse, comprenant toutes 
 les lois sur l’imprinierie, la librairie, la presse periodique, 
 l’affichage, le colportage, les debts de la presse, et la propriete 
 litteraire, mises en ordre et annotees d’apres la jurisprudence. 
 
 Paris: j868. 121110. pp. 2, vii. and 204. Second edition. 
 
 Paris : 1872. i8nio. pp. viii. 225. 
 
 LOUVAIN : 1488. 
 
 Ravescot (Ludovicus de). 
 
 Only two books are known to have 
 come from the office of this printer. One 
 of these is the “ Opus Petri de Rivo,” 
 in folio ; and the other is the “ Boni 
 accursii Compendium elegantiarum,” in 
 quarto. A copy of the last-named is 
 preserved in the library of the University 
 of Prague. Both books were issued 
 without date, but in the prologue of the 
 first it is said that it was published in 
 1488. Ravescot’s capital letters are the 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
 same as those which Veldener used in 
 1476 for his edition of the celebrated 
 “ Fasciculus temporum.” It is much to 
 be regretted that so little is known con- 
 cerning this printer, as his works are 
 characterised by high excellence, and are 
 well worthy of study. Renouvier, in his 
 “ History of Engraving” (pp. 271, 272), 
 gives an account of some of the fine 
 embellishments of several of Ravescot’s 
 works, and justly commends them Tor 
 I 
 
242 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 the remarkable excellence of their design consists of the emblem of the Bear and 
 and expression. . Angel, holding each a shield. The left 
 
 Van der Meersch, in his “ Recherches shield is blank, but with dotted lines for 
 sur la Vie et les Travaux des Imprimeurs a fess'e gules, to be painted with the 
 Beiges et N^erlandais ” (1856), copies hand. On the right a scroll, interwoven 
 Ravescot’s mark (which we here repro- with a triangle, and on it the inscription, 
 duce), but does not add any information “lodo ui cus ra ue scot” (Ludovicus 
 of a biographical character. The mark Ravescot). 
 
 Raynor (P. E.). Printing for Amateurs : a Practical Guide to the 
 Art of Printing ; containing Descriptions of Presses and Materials, 
 together with details of the Processes employed ; to which is 
 added a Glossary of Technical Terms. London : [1876]. 76 pp. 
 8vo. 
 
 An illustrated manual, solely designed for the use of amateurs, and very well 
 suited for that purpose. 
 
 Razoumoffsky (Gregoire, Count). Notice des Monumens typo- 
 graphies qui se trouvent dans la bibliotheque de Monsieur 
 le Comte Alexis Razoumoffsky. Moscow : 1810. 8vo. 
 
 Read (Joseph Marsh). Instructions in the Art of Making-Ready 
 Woodcuts : being a comprehensive and thoroughly practical 
 Treatise, with Illustrations, showing the great contrast between 
 the two systems. Reading. 14 pp. 8vo. [n. d.] 
 
 In his introduction the author states that his “system will be found to be 
 precisely the same as that practised in the first houses of London.” At the time 
 of its publication ( circa i860) Woodcut Printing was but little practised or under- 
 stood in the provinces. 
 
 Reasons for reviving and continuing the Act for the regulating of 
 Printing. Folio broadside. 
 
 In the Lincoln’s-Inn Library. No date, but printed about 1640. 
 
 Reasons * * shewing the great Necessity for having a Bill for the 
 regulating of Printing and Printing-Presses. 
 
 A two-page folio in small type. No date ; probably issued, in 1664. In Lin- 
 coln’s-Inn Library. Proposed to forbid any printing except in London, York, 
 Oxford, and Cambridge, and that all printers should be registered. 
 
 Reber (Balthasar). — See Stockmeyer and Reber. 
 
 Reber (Francis). De primordiis artis imprimendi ac prsecipue de 
 Inventione Typography Harlemensis. Berolini : 1856. 8vo. 
 PP- 39- 
 
 A University thesis against the claims of Haarlem to be the birthplace of 
 Printing. 
 
 Rebude (G. F.) [pseud.]. — See Bure. 
 
 Recent Progress and Present Position of Artistic Lithography. [A 
 series of articles in The Lithographer , February, March, April, 
 and May, 1874.] 
 
 Chapter i. treats of the characteristics Native Production, Origin of the Art in 
 of the Lithograph and the Chromo- America ; Native Specimens^ at the 
 Lithograph ; direction in which progress Vienna Exhibition. Chap. iii. The posi- 
 has been made ; aids and obstacles to tion of England, France, Portugal, 
 further development. Chapter ii. Litho- Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, and 
 graphy in the United States^ American Holland. * Chap. iv. Concluding obser- 
 importations of Chromo-Lithographs, vations. 
 
243 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Recueil de lois, decrets, ordonnances, et instructions ministerielles 
 sur l’imprimerie, la librairie, et la presse periodique. Paris: 1830. 
 8vo. 
 
 Recueil de R.eglements pour les corps et communautes d’arts et 
 metiers [Imprimeurs, Libraires, &c.]. Paris : 1779. 4to. 
 
 Reden am Gutenbergsfest zu Arolsen. 24. Juni 1840. Arolsen : 1840. 
 8vo. 
 
 Redinger (Jacob). Neu-auffgesetztes Format-Biichlein, worinnen 
 alle Figuren abgefasset, wie man die Columnen recht ordentlich 
 ausschiessen und stellen soli, sowohl in gross- als kleinen Forma- 
 ten : mit nothwendigem Unterricht in Abtheilung der Halb- 
 Bogen, 3. Th., 4. Th., 6. Theilen, &c. Der Kunst zu ehren, 
 und alien Ehrliebenden Kunstverwandten zu niitzlichem Gebrauch 
 vorgestellet durch Johannem Ludovicum Vietorem. Anjetzo aber 
 iibersehen, vermehrt und verbessert, mit alien zur Druckerey ge- 
 horigen Kasten, als Hebraisch-, Griechisch-, Lateinisch- und 
 Teutschen, auch Noten-Kasten ; samt etlichen Tabellen, worinn 
 die Columnen-Ziffer und Signaturen enthalten : wie auch Proben 
 und Benahmung der Schrifften, neben beygefiigtem Deposition- 
 Biichlein, in Druck verfertiget von Jacob Redinger, alien Autho- 
 ribus, Correctoribus, Buchdruckern, Buchfiihrern und Verlagern, 
 wie auch Schrifftgiessern, sehr nutz- und beforderlich zu ge- 
 brauchen. Franckfurt am Mayn, Gedruckt bey Johann Georg 
 Drullmann, im Jahr nach Christi Geburt 1679. Nach Erfindung 
 der Buchdruckerey, das zweyhundert neun und dreysigste. 
 Franckfurt am Mayn: 1679. 8vo. Title and “ Dedicatio ” 
 10 pp. Text 86 pp. “ Depositio Cornuti” von Johann Rist, 
 64 pp. not numbered. 
 
 A curious plate, showing the interior 
 of Redinger’s printing-office and the ab- 
 surd ceremony used upon an apprentice 
 completing his servitude, precedes the 
 title. The “Depositio Cornuti” was a 
 ceremony not applicable to apprentices, 
 
 but to journeymen, who, unless they had 
 gone through the prescribed ordeal, were 
 not ranked as journeymen, even though 
 they might have long passed their pre- 
 liminary years of servitude. 
 
 Redman (Robert). 
 
 It has been mentioned, ante, s. v. Pyn- 
 son, that this printer used, among his 
 devices, at least one that belonged to, 
 and was always associated with Pynson’s 
 name. In a dispute which arose between 
 the two typographers about business mat- 
 ters, Pynson calls his opponent “ truly 
 Rudeman, because he is the rudest out 
 of a thousand,” and says : “ Even as the 
 Devil made a cobbler a mariner, he made 
 him a printer.” “Formerly this scoun- 
 drel did profess himself a bookseller, as 
 well skilled as if he had started from 
 Utopia . . notwithstanding which he is a 
 buffoon,” &c. According to Herbert’s 
 supposition, Redman commenced business 
 in 1527 in the house in the parish of St. 
 Clement, called “The George,” where 
 
 Pynson formerly lived, which excited 
 the animosity of the latter. About 1532 
 Redman may have come into possession 
 of Pynson’s business and stock in trade, 
 but he had previously removed his sign 
 into Fleet Street, near St. Dunstan’s 
 Church. He died in 1540. Redman 
 adopted as his device that used by Pyn- 
 son, and several modifications of it, as 
 well as a copy of his sign, “The George.” 
 He was succeeded by his wife Elizabeth, 
 whose imprint is recorded by Dibdin 
 (“Ames”) on eight books, only two of 
 which— 1540-41 — are dated. Herbert 
 says she carried on the business for some 
 time, and afterwards married Ralph 
 Cbolmondeley. 
 
 In regard to the date of the first work 
 
244 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 issued by Redman — a point that is dis- 
 tinct from the question as to when he 
 entered upon ‘‘The George” in St. 
 Clement’s — Dibdin, in his edition of 
 “ Ames,” vol. iii., p. 213, says : — “ Neither 
 Ames nor Herbert had seen any specimen 
 of the press of Redman before the year 
 1525 ; but the reader will remark that 
 the present list of works, executed by 
 
 mention is made in the work of a statute 
 which did not pass till 21 Hen. viij., c. 11 
 (1529). The work itself, however, was 
 printed by Pynson in 1525.” There is a 
 citation to the same effect in Dibdin, 
 vol. ii., p. 512, but the 1525 book is given 
 as i6mo. These points can probably be 
 never thorough ly cleared up. The chrono- 
 logy ot the sixteenth century printers is 
 
 London : 1523-1540. 
 
 him, commences with a publication of the 
 date of 1523.” This publication is — 
 “ Diversite de Courtz, etc.” 1523. i8mo. 
 Colophon: “Impressum Londini anno 
 M d.xxii. for me, Robertum Redman.” 
 “A notice,” says Dibdin, “of this im- 
 pression had been given to Herbert by 
 J. Baynes, who thought that an x must 
 have been omitted in the colophon, as 
 
 constantly liable to disarrangement by 
 the discovery of a book ; and the new 
 theory based on that discovery is equally 
 likely to be controverted, according to 
 whether or not the book itself is accepted 
 as genuine or as free from typographical 
 error in the colophon. We accept Dibdin’s 
 date, 1523, but with very great hesita- 
 tion. 
 
 Redslob (H.). Cantate en l’honneur de Gutenberg. Musique de 
 Ph. Hoerter de Strasbourg. [Reunion Musicale Alsacienne. 
 Souvenir des Fetes de 1836, pp. 45-47.] Strasoourg. 8vo. 
 Reed & Fox. Fann Street Foundry, London. A General Specimen 
 of Printing Types. London : Reed & Fox (late R. Besley & Co.). 
 1854* 4to. 1868. 8 vo. 
 
 — Fann Street Letter Foundry. A General Specimen of 
 Printing Types. London: Reed & Fox (late R. Besley & Co.). 
 1877. 4to. 
 
 — Illustrated Catalogue of Type, Presses, Machinery, and all 
 kinds of Printing Materials 'manufactured by Reed & Fox, letter- 
 founders to her Majesty. London : 1878. 8vo. 
 
245 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Reduced Prices of Printing Types. March 31, 1873. 
 
 Selections from the Specimen Book of the Fann Street Foun- 
 dry. London : 1878. 8vo. 
 
 SIR CHARLES REED. 
 
 Reed (Sir Charles) & Sons. Selections of Printing Types manu- 
 factured by Sir Charles Reed & Sons (late Reed & Fox), her 
 Majesty’s Type-founders. London : 1880. 
 
 The Fann-street Letter Foundry dates moved to its present, site. In 1820, 
 from 1756, its originator being Thos. after Thorne’s death, it was bought by 
 Cottrell, a former apprentice of the first W. & F. Thorowgood, who in 1827 
 Caslon. The foundry was purchased absorbed with it Fry’s foundry, formerly 
 by Robert Thorne, about 1800, and re- carried on at Type Street ( see Fry & 
 
246 Bibliography 
 
 Steele). This foundry was patronised 
 by the Prince of Wales, afterwards 
 George IV., and the Specimen Book of 
 1803 opens thus: “Warmed with sin- 
 cere gratitude to their Patron and the 
 Public, the Proprietors of the Foundry 
 claim pre-eminence for their productions 
 over every other foundry in Europe,” 
 and renew their request for “ the support 
 of all those who admire and promote the 
 Elegant Arts.” 
 
 On his accession, George IV. renewed 
 the Royal Warrant to Edmund Fry, who 
 issued an address, dated “The Polyglot 
 Foundry, July, 1825,” in which he lays 
 claim for great improvements “in that 
 most useful, the Classical Department, 
 in which he, Edmund Fry, has been 
 peculiarly successful, more especially in 
 the formation of and adjusting New 
 Characters.” 
 
 On the death of Mr. Frederick Thorow- 
 good, in 1832, Mr. Robert Besley was 
 admitted a partner ( see Besley), the 
 firm at that date being Thorowgood & 
 Co. In 1849, upon the retirement of 
 Mr. W. Thorowgood, Mr. Besley was 
 joined by Mr. Benjamin Fox, the firm 
 becoming R. Besley & Co. {see Besley 
 & Co.). In 1862, shortly before his 
 election as an Alderman of the City of 
 London, Mr. Besley retired from busi- 
 ness, and the foundry then became the 
 property of Mr. Charles Reed, pre- 
 viously of the firms of Tyler & Reed and 
 Reed & Pardon, printers, Paternoster- 
 row. The business was now conducted 
 under the name of Reed & Fox. On 
 July 13, 1870, the Queen appointed the 
 firm, by special warrant, “ Typefounders 
 to her Majesty.” Mr. Fox having died, 
 as previously stated in this Biblio- 
 graphy, in 1877, the firm became by the 
 admission of Mr. Andrew H. Reed (one 
 of the sons of Sir Charles) “ Sir Charles 
 Reed &._Sons. ” In 1878, another son, 
 Mr. Talbot Baines Reed, was admitted, 
 and these two gentlemen now constitute 
 the partnership. 
 
 Sir Charles Reed was the second 
 son of Dr. Andrew Reed (who died in 
 1862), for fifty years the pastor of the 
 Wycliffe Chapel, Stepney, and not less 
 distinguished as a successful minister 
 than as a practical philanthropist. 
 Charles Reed was born at Sonning, near 
 Reading, 20th June, 1819. He was 
 educated at a private school, and sub- 
 sequently attended the London Univer- 
 sity. In 1839 he removed to Leeds and 
 served an apprenticeship in a woollen 
 factory. Here he formed an intimacy 
 with the family of the late Mr. Edward 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 Baines, founder and editor of the Leeds 
 Mercury , and for some time Member of 
 Parliament for Leeds, whose youngest 
 daughter, Margaret, Mr. Reed married 
 in 1846. 
 
 Mr. Reed returned to London in 1844, 
 and became partner in the printing busi- 
 ness first carried on under the style 
 of Messrs. Tyler & Reed, and after- 
 wards of Messrs. Reed & Pardon. He 
 quitted this business to become the pro- 
 prietor of the Fann-street Foundry, an 
 outline of whose history is given above. 
 His private or, rather, extra-commercial 
 life was an eminently serviceable and 
 honourable one. He devoted himself, 
 among other schemes of usefulness, to the 
 cause of popular education on unsect- 
 arian principles. He was a member of 
 the Corporation of London, for some 
 time M.P. for Hackney, Vice-Chairman, 
 and afterwards Chairman, of the London 
 School Board, a Magistrate and Deputy- 
 Lieutenant of the County of -Middlesex. 
 In 1873, the honour of knighthood was 
 conferred upon him. He was Chairman 
 of the Executive Committee of the Cax- 
 ton Celebration of 1877, and was an 
 active supporter of the Printing-trade 
 charities. As Education Commissioner 
 to the Paris Exhibition of 1878, he was 
 nominated an Officer of the Legion of 
 Honour. Previously he had twice 
 visited America ; on the last occa- 
 sion, in 1876, being selected to fill the 
 position of President of the Judges on 
 Education at the Philadelphia Exhibition, 
 the Yale University conferred on him 
 the degree of LL.D. His earnestness 
 and devotion to a multitude of forms 
 of usefulness will be long held in 
 memory by those who were brought 
 into contact with him. He died on the 
 25th March, 1881, from failure of the 
 heart, following a slight attack of 
 pleurisy, at his residence, Earl’s Mead, 
 Page Green, Tottenham, aged 62. In 
 stature, Sir Charles Reed was of middle 
 height, and somewhat inclined to be 
 stout. His countenance was suggestive 
 of the frankness and friendliness which 
 were such prominent traits in his cha- 
 racter. He was an excellent speaker, 
 possessing an easy and dignified manner. 
 At a meeting of the Printers’ Corpora- 
 tion a vote of condolence to Lady Reed 
 was passed. There is a memoir of the 
 deceased in the Biograph, vol. iv., No. 22 
 (1880), and an eight-page small quarto 
 sketch of his career, accompanied with 
 a Woodburytype portrait, was published 
 about the same time, by R. Banks, 
 Racquet Court, Fleet Street, entitled, 
 “Sir Charles Reed : a Life Sketch,” &c. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 247 
 
 Sir Charles Reed was the author of Museum in the City of London, es- 
 “ Memoirs of A. Reed, D.D.” (his tablished without taxation” (London, 
 father), which was published in 8vo. in 1855, 8vo.). In the manuscript catalogue 
 1863 ; several books for Sunday School of the British Museum he is described 
 teachers and scholars ; and “ Why not ? a as “ Sir Charles Reed, F.S.A., Printer,” 
 Plea for a Free Public Library and but the last word has been crossed out. 
 
 Reflexion sur deux pieces relatives a l’histoire de rimprimerie. 
 Second edition. Nivelles : 1780. 8vo. 
 
 Reflexions d’un ancien Prote d’imprimerie sur un Prospectus ayant 
 pour titre : Editions stereotypes, n. d. (about 1800). 
 
 REflexions sur la librairie, dans laquelle on traite des proprietes 
 litteraires, des contre- Cations, etc. Suivie d’un projet de reglement 
 pour la garantie des proprietes litteraires, et pour I’imprimerie et 
 pour la librairie. Fontainebleau : Juillet, 1807. 8vo. pp. ii. 92. 
 (Ouvrage adresse a sa Majeste par P. Catineau-La-Roche, ancien 
 imprimeur de Paris.) 
 
 REglemens pour la Librairie et Imprimerie en 1618 a Paris. 1620. 
 4to. 
 
 REglement des maltres tailleurs-graveurs de Paris, pour estre 
 a l’avenir gardez et observez sous le bon plaisir de sa majeste. 
 (21 Juin, 1660.) Paris: [1660]. 4to. 
 
 Reglementen, Ordonnantien, &c. —See Placcaten. 
 
 REglement pour l’association libre typographique, adopte le 24 
 Novembre, 1853. Paris : 1853. 4to., a half-sheet. 
 
 REglement pour la librairie et imprimerie de Paris, arreste au Con- 
 seil d’Etat du Roy le 28 Fevrier, 1723. Orleans: 1744. 4to. 
 
 Regolamento del Pio Istituto tipografico di Milano. Milano : 1813. 
 i2mo. Nuovamente rifatto. Milano: 1851. i6mo. 
 
 See Raimondi (L.) and Societies. 
 
 Regolamento della societa tipografica di mutuo secoreo in Padova, 
 constituita il i° Aprile 1871. Padova: 1871. Salmin fratelli. 
 i6mo. pp. 32. 
 
 Regt (J. K. de). Laurens Jansz. Koster, een blik op de uitvinding 
 der boekdrukkunst en op Haarlem bij de aanstaande Feesten in 
 Julij, 1856. Leyden : 1856. 8vo. 
 
 Lourens Jansz. Coster, of de uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst. 
 
 Historisch drama met zang, in twee bedrijven en drie tafereelen 
 Met een naspel. Leiden : 1857. 8vo. pp. viii. and 108. 
 
 A Kosterian play. Among the per- (Coster’s workmen), Cornelius de Boek- 
 sotue dramatis are : — Laurens Jansz. binder, &c. The first act is laid in 
 Coster, Catharina Andries his house- the year 1423, the second in 1439, an( I the 
 keeper, Lucie her daughter; Pieters- “naspel” in 1856, in Haarlem. There 
 zoon, Thomas, lover of Lucie ; Pieter, are a number of songs introduced in 
 her brother ; Johan Guttenberg and honour of the supposititious inventor of 
 Johan Faust, knechten bij Coster printing. 
 
248 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Regt (J. K. de) and Breeman (T.). Album van Feestliederen en 
 gezangen, te zingen door de Typographische Vereenigingen, die 
 deel zullen nemen aan de Onthullingsfeesten, op den i6den Julij, 
 1856, te Haarlem. Haarlem : [1856]. i2mo. pp. 96. 
 
 The materials for the Album were collected and edited by J. K. de Regt and 
 J. Breeman. They consist of 52 interesting poems in honour of Koster and his 
 supposed invention of printing. 
 
 Reiber (Paul and Ferdinand). — See Montagne-Verte. 
 
 Reichenbach (C.). Snelpersen-Fabrick. Leyden. i2mo. [n. d.] 
 
 Reichhart (Gottfried). Die Druckorte des I5.jahrhunderts nebst 
 Angabe der Erzeugnisse ihrer erstjahrigen typographischen Wirk- 
 samkeit. Mit einem Anhange : Verzeichniss der je ersten Typo- 
 graphen und jener Druckorte deren allererste Drucker bis jetzt 
 unbekannt geblieben sind. Augsburg : 1853. 4to. pp. x. 37. 
 
 Reid (John). A Specimen of the Printing Types and Flowers 
 belonging to John Reid, Printer, Bailie Fyfe’s Close, Edinburgh, 
 who performs all kinds of Printing-work, pla : n and ornamental, 
 in the neatest manner, and at the most reasonable Rates. N.B. — 
 The Types are all good and the Flowers entirely new, being the 
 completest collection anywhere to be found. Edinburgh : 1768. 
 8vo. 12 leaves. 
 
 In this curious catalogue all the founts and was the pioneer type-founder of that 
 except two are marked with the name of country. Baine’s Specimen Book, dated 
 Caslon or Wilson. The small pica and 1787, is in the library of the American 
 minion are from the foundry of John Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass. 
 Baine, who soon after went to America 
 
 Reif GEmilianus). De originibus typographicis, programma acade- 
 micum I. -IV. 900 prselectiones suas denuo auspicatur. Ingol- 
 stadii : 1785. 4to. In 4 parts. Part i. 1785, 25 pp. Part ii. 
 1786, 33 pp. Parts iii. and iv. 1790. 2 leaves, 85 pp. 
 
 Reiffenberg (F. A., Baron de). Decouverte de lTmprimerie. 
 [In Nouvelles Archives Historiques des Pays-Bas, vol. v., p. 316. 
 Bruxelles : 1830. 8vo.] 
 
 Gravure anterieure a la plus ancienne connue jusqu’ici, et 
 
 qui vient d’etre acquise en Belgique. [In Bulletin du Bibliophile 
 Beige , 1844, tom. i., No. 8, pp. 435-438.] 
 
 L’imprimerie Plantinienne et les presses anversoises. [In the 
 
 Annual re de la Bibliotheque Roy ale de Belgique. 8 th year, 1847.] 
 
 Introduction de lTmprimerie dans les differentes villes de 
 
 Belgique. [In the Bulletin de VAcademie Royale de Bruxelles , vol. 
 ii., pp. 119-121. 1835.] 
 
 Marques et Devises de quelques Imprimeurs des Pays-Bas. 
 
 [In Annuaire de la Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique , continued 
 through the several volumes, 1840-1847.] 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 249 
 
 Note sur la premiere impression de Liege et sur l’intro- 
 
 duction de l’art typographique a Luxembourg, concemant un 
 article de M. Helbig, dans le Messagcr des sciences historiqnes , 
 sur Morberius, et les renseignemenls de M. Wiirth-Paquet, 
 dans les publications de la Societe pour la recherche et la 
 conservation des Monuments Historiques dans le Grand* Duche 
 de Luxembourg. [In the Annua ire de la Bibliothitque Royale de 
 Belgique. 9th year. 1848. pp. 2-4.] 
 
 Note sur les Lettres d’Indulgence du Pape Jules II. Brux- 
 elles : 1830. 4to. 
 
 Note sur un exemplaire des Lettres d’Indulgence du Pape 
 
 Nicolas V., pro regno Cypri. Bruxelles : 1830. 4to. 
 
 Nouveau tableau chronologique de l’introduction de l’lmpri- 
 
 merie dans les differentes localites de la Belgique. [In the Annuaire 
 de la Bibliothlque Royale de Belgique. 8th year, 1847, an d con- 
 tinued in successive volumes.] 
 
 La plus ancienne Gravure connue avec une date [1418]. Brux- 
 elles: 1845. 4 to - PP- 3°- Facsimile. 
 
 Up to the time of publication of this work it was believed that the famous 
 St. Christopher block was the oldest-dated engraving in existence. The author, 
 however, discovered the St. Katherine engraving, which bears the date 1418. The 
 latter has since been repeatedly reproduced in facsimile. 
 
 La presse Espagnole en Belgique. [Articles in Le Bibliophile 
 
 Beige , vols. 1 to 5. 1844-50.] 
 
 In addition to the above-named, M. de Reiffenberg contributed many articles, 
 more or less directly relating to the typography, and its history, of the Netherlands, 
 to the several literary journals of Brussels. He was editor of the BibliophiU Beige 
 for a time. 
 
 Reinhard (Fr.). Epreuve d’une Planche solide, clichee d’apres les 
 Procedes, la Combinaison musicale et les Matrices mobiles inventees 
 et deja executees en 1792 et 1793 par Fr. Reinhard de Strasbourg. 
 Detruit dans le temps de terreur, et refaite par le raeme depuis 
 l’an 9 ; le tout legalement constate. Executee en Germinal de 
 Pan xi, et respectueusement offerte par l’auteur reconnaissant, au 
 citoyen Barbier. 
 
 An article on this process of stereotyping appeared in the Annales de V I inpri- 
 merie, 1879-80, Nos. 5 and 6 (Brussels). 
 
 Extrait d’un Memoire sur le stereotypage de la Musique. 
 
 [In the Menioires de la Societe des Sciences, etc., de Strasbourg, 
 tom ii. , 1823. pp. 82-97.] 
 
 Reinhart (G. H.). Op het vierde eeuwgetijde van de uitvinding 
 der boekdrukkunst, door Lourens Janszoon Koster te Haarlem, 
 gevierd den 10 en 11 Julij 1823. [In Vaderlandsche letter- 
 oefeningen , Aug. 1823. 8vo. pp. 499-501.] 
 
 Reinhart (Michael Henricus). De typographia Torgaviensi illustri. 
 Exponit et ad natalem tertium secularem typographic^ artis 
 aliquot oratiunculis celebrandum auditores humanissime invitat. 
 Torgaviae : 1740. 4to. pp. 20. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 K 
 
250 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Reis (Dr. Ed.). Mainzer Silhouetten und Genrebilder. Ein Pano- 
 rama des heutigen Mainz. Mainz: 1841. 8vo. pp. vii. 272 
 (pp. 1-27 “ Gutenberg und sein Monument. — Erstes Gutenbergs- 
 fest, 1837. — Zweites Gutenbergsfest, 1840”). 
 
 Reis van Jonker Johan Henne Gansfleish von Sorgenloch zu Gutten- 
 berg zum Jungen. (Met Aanmerkingen.) P. 16. Julij 1856. 
 (s. 1.) 8vo. pp. 2. 
 
 Reiser (A.). Index Manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Augustanae. 
 August. Vindel. : 1675. 4to. 
 
 At pp. 93-118 will be found “Appendix eorum, quorum scripta primis ab inven- 
 
 tione artis Typographicae annis sunt impressa, usque ad initium seculi XVI.” 
 
 Reissiger (C. G.). Deutsches Lied, zur iv. Sacularfeier des Guten- 
 berg-Festes in Musik gesetzt, gedichtet von R[ichard] T[eubner]. 
 Leipzig : 1840. 4to. 
 
 Relatio de Origine Typographiae, a quo, quo tempore et quo loco 
 ilia primum inventa sit, e documentis ad Faustorum de Aschaffen- 
 burg familiam pertinentibus hausta, et e Germ, in Lat. ling, trans. 
 a L.*Klefekero, 1619. [In Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica.”] 
 
 Relation de ce qui s’est passe en l’assemblee tenue en l’Hostel de 
 Ville de Paris, le 29 Juillet, 1649. Paris : 1649. 4to. pp. 7. 
 
 Claude Morlot, printer, of Paris, having been condemned to death for printing 
 
 libels, some disorders were created in the streets by the people who endeavoured to 
 
 release him. 
 
 Rembrandt. — See Blanc, Scheltema (Petrus), and Wilson. 
 
 Remerciment des imprimeurs a Monseigneur le Card. Mazarin. 
 Paris : 1649. 4to. pp. 9. 
 
 Remerciment, le burlesque, des imprimeurs et colporteurs, aux au- 
 teurs de ce temps. Paris : M.DC.XLIX. 4to. 4 leaves, 
 unpaged. 
 
 Remfry (John). Specimens of Printing Types, Ornaments, &c. 
 London : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Renaud.. Notice des ouvrages Arabes, Persans, Turcs, et Franjais 
 imprimes a Constantinople. 1832. 8vo. pp. 18. — See also 
 Bianchi (T. X.). 
 
 Renier (J. S.). Lambert Suavius, de Liege, graveur en taille-douce, 
 typographe-editeur, peintre, poete, et architecte. [In the Bulletin 
 de VInstitut Archeol. Lie geo is, vol. xiii., part 2, 1879.] 
 
 Renouard (Antoine Augustin). Aide l’ancien, Aldus Pius Romanus 
 et Henri Etienne, Henricus Stephanus Secundus. Paris: 1838. 
 8vo. pp. 12. 
 
 Aide l’ancien, lettres diverses et opuscules poetiques. Paris : 
 
 1825. 8vo. Five facsimile illustrations. 
 
 Thirty copies only printed. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 25 1 
 
 Annales tie l’lmprimerie ties Aide, ou liistoire des trois 
 
 Manuce et tie leurs editions. 2 vols. Paris : 1803. 8vo. 
 Vol. i. Portrait of Aldus Pius Manutius, pp. rv. 446 ; plate of 
 arms. Vol. ii. Portrait of Paul Manutius, pp. xxviii. 250, and 
 24 unnumbered pages. 
 
 A Supplement of 153 pages was issued in 1812. 
 
 Second Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. Paris : 1825. Vol. i. 
 
 pp. 426. Portrait of Aldus Pius Manutius. Vol. ii. pp. 436. 
 Portrait of Paul Manutius. Vol. iii. pp. xl. 420, and 4 
 unnumbered pages. 
 
 Third Edition. Paris : 1834. 8vo. pp. xvi. 582, and 3 
 
 unnumbered pages ; “ Notice sur la famille des Juntes, et liste 
 sommaire de leurs editions jusqu’en 1550.” pp. lxviii. and 3 
 unnumbered pages. 13 plates. 
 
 Of the third edition thirty-two copies were printed on large paper in quarto. 
 
 Annales de l’Imprimerie des Estienne, ou histoire de la famille 
 
 des Estienne et de ses editions. 2 parts. Paris : 1837. 8vo. 
 Part i., pp. 8, 252. Part ii., pp. xi. 260. 
 
 At the end is a tract of sixteen pages, dated 1838, “Note sur Laurent Coster, a 
 l’occasion d’un ancien livre imprime dans les Pays-Bas,” with a supplement of two 
 leaves. — See below. 
 
 Second Edition. Paris: 1843. 8vo. pp. xix. 582,. and a 
 
 leaf of table. 
 
 Sixteen copies of this edition were printed on large paper in quarto. 
 
 Catalogue de la bibliotheque d’un amateur. Paris : 1819. 
 
 8vo. 
 
 In vol. ii., pp. 152-158, is a long notice of Laurens J. Koster. 
 
 Editions Aldines qu’on desire acquerir. Paris : 1808. 8vo. 
 
 PP* 5 * 
 
 Note sur Laurent Coster a l’occasion d’un ancien livre imprime 
 
 dans les Pays-Bas. Paris : 1838. 8vo. and 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 The book referred to in this pamphlet d’un Amateur.” Paris : 1819. 8vo. 
 is “Guill. de Saliceto, Cardinalis de pp. 152-158. Subsequently it formed 
 Turrecremata et Pii Opuscula.” The part of the “ Annales ” referred to above, 
 pamphlet was originally printed in vol. ii. and was separately' issued as now noted, 
 of the “Catalogue de la Bibliotheque 
 
 Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages des trois Manuce. Paris : 
 
 1803. 8 vo. 
 
 Paolo Manuzio, lettere, copiate sugli autografi esistenti nella 
 
 Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Paris : 1834. 8vo. One copper-plate 
 and 2 wood-engraved vignette portraits. 
 
 Contains many interesting particulars of the typographical career of the Aldine 
 family. 
 
 Antoine Augustin Renouard, a “Annales de lTmprimerie des Aides,” 
 learned publisher and bibliophile of &c. The portraits of Aldus are engraved 
 Paris, takes a high place among biblio- by Saint Aubin, and there are numerous 
 graphers by his fine work, entitled vignettes on wood. The Annals, exe- 
 
252 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 cuted with all the care, the taste, and 
 the elegance which characterised the 
 editions of Renouand, are divided into 
 two parts. The first, occupying the 
 first volume, supplies accounts : 1. Of 
 the editions of Aldus Manutius, called 
 Aldus the Elder, between 1494 and 
 15x5, the year in which he died, at 
 the age of seventy years, leaving four 
 sons of very tender years, among them 
 Paul M inutius, then aged three years. 
 2. Of the editions of Andrew D’Asola 
 and his sons, between 1516 and 1529, 
 the year of his death. During this 
 period the printing-office of Manutius 
 was superintended by Andrew D’Asola 
 and his sons. 3. Of the editions issued 
 under the direction of Paul Manutius 
 in the name of the successors of 
 Aldus from 1533 (the establishment being 
 closed for four years, owing to quarrels 
 between the son and the successors of 
 the founder) up to 1571. Paul Manuce 
 died in 1574. 4. Of the editions pro- 
 
 duced by Aldus the Younger, from 1572 
 up to 1597, when the latter died, and the 
 
 Aldine dynasty came to an end. The 
 first volume of Renouard is closed with 
 an account of editions without date. 
 The second volume contains a preface, 
 the lives of the three Aldi, the privi- 
 leges accorded to the first Aldus by 
 the Venetian Senate and the Pontifi- 
 cal Sovereigns ; a notice of the four 
 Aldine Catalogues, of which the elder 
 Aldus issued three ; a notice of the edi- 
 tions of Andrew D’Asola, between 1480 
 and 1506 ; a notice of the editions pub- 
 lished in Paris by Bernard Turrisan, 
 grandson of Andrew D’Asola, afterwards 
 by Robert Colombelle ; a notice of the 
 counterfeits or editions produced in imi- 
 tation of those of Aldus; a catalogue of 
 Aldine editions, arranged according to 
 subjects ; also a list of authors whose 
 works were issued from this press. The 
 book of Renouard is regarded as a model 
 for a similar compilation. The author 
 became celebrated, as a publisher, for the 
 beauty of his editions and the excellence 
 of his illustrations. Many of his publi- 
 cations were stereotyped by M. Herhan. 
 
 Renouard (P.). Epreuves des Caracteres de l’imprimerie de P, 
 Renouard. Paris : 1825. 8vo. 
 
 Renouvier (J. M. B.). Des Gravures en bois dans les livres d’An- 
 thoine Verard, maitre libraire, imprimeur, enlumineur, et tailleur 
 sur bois de Paris, 1483-1512. Paris : 1859. 8vo. pp. 52, 
 
 with 2 large plates on wood engraved by Lacoste. 
 
 200 copies printed! 
 
 Des Gravures sur bois dans les livres de Simon Vostre, libraire 
 
 d’Heures, avec un avant-propos par Georges Duplessis. Paris : 
 1862. 8yo. pp..viii. 23, with 8 vignettes. 
 
 Histoire de l’origine et des progres de la Gravure dans 
 
 les Pays-Bas et en Allemagne, jusqu’a la fin du XV e siecle. 
 Bruxelles : i860. 8vo. pp. 244, with plate of monograms. 
 
 200 copies printed. 
 
 Jehan de Paris, varlet de chambre et peintre ordinaire des 
 
 Rois Charles VIII. et Louis XII. Precede d’une notice bio- 
 graphique sur la vie et les ouvrages, et de la bibliographic com- 
 plete des (Euvres de M. Renouvier, par Georges Duplessis. 
 Paris : 1861. 8 Vo. pp. xviii. 36. 2 plates and vignettes. 
 
 This work, of which 214 copies were M. Renouvier, the well-known anti- 
 printed, is important to students of quary and writer on typographical and 
 the history of Printing chiefly on ac- artistic topics. The list of his manifold 
 count of the interesting biographical publications is also worthy of notice, 
 sketch, given in the introduction, of 
 
 Des types et des manieres des maitres graveurs, pour servir a 
 
 l’histoire de la gravure en Italie, en Allemagne, dans les Pays- 
 Bas, et en France. 4 parts. Montpellier : 1853-6. 4to. 
 
 Jules Renouvier was a Representative in the French Assembly, and an inspector 
 of historical monuments ; he was born at Montpellier in 1804 ; died in i860. 
 
Bibliogi'aphy of Fruiting. 
 
 2 53 
 
 R£ponse des imprimeurs de Paris a l’auteur de la Note sur la consti- 
 tution legale et sur la gestion administrative de l’Imprimerie 
 Imperiale. Paris : 1864. 4to. 
 
 Report on King’s Printers’ Patents. Bungay : 1833. ^ v0< — See also 
 Eyre & Spottiswoode, King’s Printers, and Parlia- 
 mentary Papers. 
 
 Requeno (Vincenzo). Osservazioni sulla Chirotipografia ossia antica 
 arte di stampare a mano. Roma : 1810. 8vo. 
 
 Restauration (De la) de l’Imprimerie, Librairie, cause efficiente de 
 celle des lettres etc. comme principe moyen, suppression du 
 monopole de l’imprimerie ex-imperiale par une societe d’impri- 
 meurs et de libraires. Paris : 1874. 8vo. 
 
 Rettig (G. ). Buchdrucker und Reformatoren. Bern: 1879. 8vo. 
 [Reprinted from the “ Berner Taschenbuch,” 1880.] 
 
 Notizen liber Mathias Apiarius, ersten Buchdrucker in Bern. 
 
 [In the Archiv fur Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels , vol. iv. 
 Leipzig: 1879.] 
 
 Reume (Aug. de). Genealogie de la noble famille Elsevier. Brux- 
 elles : 1850. 8vo. pp. 24, with 5 woodcuts. [Reprinted from 
 the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige. 1850. pp. 220-243.] 
 
 — Notes sur quelques imprimeurs etrangers. Jean Froben, avec 
 
 une planche xylographique. Bruxelles: 1849. 8vo. pp. 2. 
 
 Forty copies only printed. 
 
 Notices bio-bibliographiques sur quelques imprimeurs, libraires, 
 
 correcteurs, compositeurs, fondeurs, lithographes, etc., qui se 
 sont fait connaitre a divers titres, principalement comme auteurs, 
 avec indication de leurs portraits. i re Serie. Bruxelles : 1858. 
 8vo. pp. 63. 
 
 100 copies printed. Reprinted from the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige , 1858, 
 
 1859. 
 
 Recherches historiques, genealogiques et bibliographiques sur 
 
 les E'.sevier. — See Rammelman-Elsevier. 
 
 — Recherches historiques sur Louis Elzevir et sur ses six fils. 
 
 [In the Bulletin de V Academie d' archeologie de Belgique , 1846. 
 Anvers : 8vo. pp. 208-309.] 
 
 — - — - Recherches sur les imprimeurs beiges, avec des planches 
 xylographiques.- Bruxelles : 1848-9. 8vo. pp. 42. 
 
 Twenty-five copies printed. 
 
 Varietes bibliographiques et litteraires. Bruxelles : 1847. 
 
 Royal 8vo. 100 facsimiles of printers’ marks and ornamental 
 letters. 
 
 Only 100 copies printed. Contains, in alphabetical order, a list of the early 
 
 printers of Belgium, and other articles relating to the Elsevirs, Gutenberg, Fust, &c. 
 
 Most of the above brochures of M. de Reume are reprints of articles in the 
 
 Bibliophile Beige. M. de Reume, who was a major on the staff, in Brussels, 
 
 was born in 1807 ; died 1865. 
 
254 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Reuscii (Erh.). Summarische Nachricht von den ersten insonderheit 
 Niirnberger Buchdruckern. [In Doppelmayer' s historische Nach- 
 richten , Niirnberg.] 
 
 REUSS (Ed.). Beschreibung alterer Liederdrucke auf lliegenden 
 Blattern in der Konigl. Univers.-Bibliothek in Wurzburg. [In 
 “ Serapeum,” vol. vii., pp. 49-54. Leipzig: 1846.] 
 
 Bibliotheca novi testamenti grteci, cujus editiones ab initio 
 
 typographiae ad nostram aetatem impressae collectae sunt. Bruns- 
 wick : 1872. 8vo. pp. vii. 314. 
 
 Die Deutsche Historienbibel vor der Erfindung des Biicher- 
 
 drucks. Jena: 1855. 8vo. pp. 136. [Extract from “ Beitrage 
 zu den theol. Wissenschaften, ” by Reuss and Cunitz.J 
 
 Wiirzburgs erste Drucke, 1479-1500. [In “ Serapeum,” 1840. 
 
 pp. 97-104.] 
 
 Reuss (J. D.). Beschreibung merkwiirdiger Bucher aus der Uni- 
 versitats-Bibliothek zu Tubingen vom Jahre 1468-1477, und 
 zweyer hebraischen Fragmente. Tubingen : 1780. 8vo. pp. 167. 
 
 Reutlingen. Die Feier des Vierten Jubelfestes der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst. Reutlingen : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Reval. Acten zwischen dem Kaiserl. Esthnischen Provincial- 
 Consistorium und dem Herrn Raths-Ver wand ten A. H. Lindfors, 
 betreffend den der Kaiserl. Privileg. Buchdruckerey in Reval 
 zustehenden Verlag des Esthnischen Hand- oder Gesang-Buchs. 
 Reval: 1774. Folio. 
 
 Revelations of Printing-House Square. A pamphlet. London : 
 1864. 8vo. 
 
 This singular production is intended to show the patronage showered upon the 
 
 printers, publishers, and contributors to the Times , by successive Ministries, and 
 
 gives a list of their offices, pensions, sinecures, &c. 
 
 Revilliod (Gustave). — See Dingelstedt. 
 
 Revius (Jacobus). Daventrise illustratoe, sive historise urbis Daven- 
 triensis libri sex. Lugduni Batavorum : 1651. 4to. 
 
 Includes lists of the productions of many of the early printers of Deventer, in 
 
 Holland, among them Richard Paffroet, Jacob de Breda, Theodore de Borne, 
 
 Albert Paffroet, Simon Steenberg, & c. 
 
 Rey (Charles). La Typocratiade. Poeme. Nimes : 1842. 8vo. 
 
 pp. 88. 
 
 Reybert. Lettre sur la maniere de se servir du nouveau Bureau 
 typographique. Paris : 1781. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 55 
 
 STRASBURG I 1483-1529. 
 
 Reynard, alias Gruninger (Johann). 
 
 Reynard or Reinhard, alias Gru- of good copies could be printed, while 
 ninger, printed at Strasburg as early as the remainder offered a blurred appear- 
 1483, and as late as 1529, during the space ance as the metal yielded under the 
 of 46 years. His first book was printed platen. The above device is the emblem 
 in partnership with Henry d’lngwiler. of the Winged Lion and Eagle, holding 
 Many of his works are illustrated with an escutcheon, with the Gothic letters 
 engravings, generally not cut in wood, I.G., on sable field diapered, hanging 
 but on a soft metallic substance like from a tree, 
 pewter, from which only a small number 
 
 Rhode. Ueber lithographische Versuche mit Schlesischen Kalk- 
 platten. Breslau : 1811. 
 
 Rhynd (M. ). Rhynd’s Printers’ Guide : being a new and correct 
 list of Master-Printers in London and its vicinity ; together with 
 the letter-founders, joiners, printers’ smiths, &c., to which are 
 added the Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic alphabets, the scales of 
 prices, schemes for imposing, and other important information. 
 
 London : 1804. 32mo. Third edition, pp. 38, with 4 pp. 
 
 printed wrapper. 
 
 This is an early trade hand-book, “print- Street, Salisbury Square ; Mrs. Gaslon & 
 ed and sold by M. Rhynd, 21, Ray Street, Catherwood, Chiswell Street ; Edmund 
 Coldbath Fields.” It possesses consider- Fry & Co., Type Street, Chiswell Street ; 
 able historical interest. The list of Figgins, West Street, Smithfield ; and 
 master-printers includes 212 names of Thorne, 11, Barbican. There are also 
 firms. The founders enumerated are 5 printing-ink makers, 5- printers’ joiners 
 five: — W. Caslon, jun., & Co., Dorset and press-makers, 3 brass border and 
 
256 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ornament cutters, 6 engravers on wood, minster, Dec. 24, 1800 ; tables of signa- 
 6 smiths, and 1 printers’ auctioneer, tures ; the foreign alphabets ; tables of 
 The daily newspapers then published the price of any piece of work in 8vo. or 
 were 8 in the morning and 5 in the even- i2mo. ; and schemes for imposing. On 
 ing. After this information comes the the cover is given the Old English alpha- 
 Scale, as arranged at a meeting of the bet, the method of making coloured 
 Master-Printers of London and West- inks, &c. 
 
 RibiEre (M. H.). Essai sur l’histoire de Timprimerie dans le 
 department de l’Yonne, et specialement a Auxerre et a Sens. 
 Auxerre : 1858. 8vo. 
 
 Richard ( ). Nanteuil, graveur. [In Magasin Pittoresque , Oct. 
 
 1859. pp. 321-323.] 
 
 Richard (E.). Compositeur typographe. Le double-type; casse 
 nouvelle. 3me edition. Paris : 1880, impr. Desnos. 8vo. pp. 
 10 and 1 plate. 
 
 Richardson (Jonathan). Supplement to the Hon. Horace Walpole's 
 Anecdotes of Painters and Engravers. The Works of Mr. Jona- 
 than Richardson containing : — i., The Theory of Painting; 
 
 11., Essay on the Art of Criticism (so far as it relates to Painting) ; 
 
 111. , The Science of a Connoisseur. A new edition. London : 
 1792. 4to. Portraits by Worlidge. 
 
 Richardson (William). A Specimen of a new Printing Type, in 
 imitation of the Law-hand. Designed by William Richardson, 
 of Castle Yard, Holborn. Crown broadside, [n. d., circa 1770.] 
 London. 
 
 The type referred to is an engrossing 
 script, on a two-line pica body. Appended 
 to the specimen is the following : — “The 
 above specimen is humbly offered to the 
 consideration of the law in particular, 
 and of the public in general, as a proper 
 character for leases, agreements, inden- 
 tures, &c., &c. The countenance of this 
 attempt will enable the said William 
 Richardson to print on the same, but 
 smaller-sized type, all the lesser and more 
 certain forms now in use, or hereafter to 
 be made use of in the practice of the law 
 business, such as blank bonds, writs of 
 all kinds, subpoenas, summonses, mitti- 
 
 muses, &c. &c., and to sell the same under 
 the prices they can be afforded for by the 
 stationers and other retailers of those 
 particulars.” The type was undoubtedly 
 cast in the foundry of Thos. Cottrell, an 
 apprentice of Wm. Caslon, and appears 
 in his specimen-book issued about 1765. 
 Richardson was not a founder, but a 
 law printer, and probably, as he says, 
 designed the pattern for Cottrell. From 
 Rhynd’s Printers’ Guide (1804) we as- 
 certain that there was a Mr. Richardson 
 who had an establishment called “the 
 Philanthropic Reform ” office, in St. 
 George’s Fields. 
 
 Richmond (W. D.). Colour and Colour Printing, as applied to 
 Lithography, London : 1882. 
 
 This treatise is being issued in the Printing Times and Lithographer, and will 
 be subsequently reprinted in Wyman’s Technical Series, to correspond with the 
 “ Grammar of Lithography.” 
 
 The Grammar of Lithography : a practical guide for the artist 
 
 and printer, in commercial and artistic lithography and chromo- 
 lithography, zincography, photo-lithography, and lithographic 
 machine-printing. Edited and revised, with an introduction, by 
 the Editor of the Printing Times and Lithographer. London : 
 1878. 8vo. pp. xvi. 254. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 57 
 
 Grammatik der Lithographic. Ein praktischer Leitfaden fiir 
 
 Lithographen und Steindrucker in Geschafts- und Kunst-Litho- 
 graphic, Chromo-Lithographie, Zinkographie, Photo- Lithographic, 
 und lithographischem Maschinendruck. Deutsche autorisirte 
 Ausgabe, ubertragen von Carl August Franke. Leipzig: 1880. 
 8vo. pp. 260. Frontispiece, portrait of Senefelder. 
 
 Up to the date of the publication of Editor’s Introduction; part i., drawing, 
 the first edition of this work there had transferring, and printing ; part ii., 
 been no hand-book in the English lan- lithographic machine - printing, biblio- 
 guage of the art of lithography that graphy of lithography, and a copious 
 really was of practical use, except the index. 
 
 English translation of the original work The German edition was issued by 
 of Senefelder himself and the translation, Mr. Alexander Waldow, of Leipzig. The 
 by Hullmandel, of the work of M. Rau- translation is very carefully done by 
 court. The editor of the Printing Times Mr. C. A. Franke, and a “Vorwort zur 
 and Lithographer, knowing that there deutschen Ausgabe ” added. The biblio- 
 was a want felt among practical litho- graphy is greatly extended, partly from 
 grapherSj and others who were working material^ supplied by M. Louis Mohr, 
 in that direction, of a good modern guide of Strasbourg, and partly from the first 
 to the art, caused one to be written, volume of the present Bibliography of 
 Not having been happy in the selection Printing. It includes not only books 
 of his first author, and having become on the subject, but periodicals and di- 
 acquainted with Mr. Richmond, the first rectories of lithographers. A French 
 treatise was cancelled in favour of the translation is in course of publication in 
 present, which is an entirely new work, the journal Typologie Tucker , having 
 To insure its thorough reliability, the been commenced in the number for Jan. 
 editor had the proof-sheets revised by 15, 1880, and the work has also , been 
 some of the most eminent practical translated and printed in Spain and 
 lithographers, and, though no important Russia, as well as pirated in America, 
 correction or addition was made by them, 
 
 the work gained in various ways, and Mr. W. D. Richmond is a native of 
 was thereby stamped with an authority Dursley, in Gloucestershire, and was 
 it would otherwise have lacked. articled to a patent agent in Birmingham. 
 
 The above Grammar was thus com- As a draughtsman he became enamoured 
 piled under circumstances unusually of lithography, and, with Messrs. Billing, 
 favourable to accuracy and complete- Son, & Co., of Birmingham, he was for 
 ness. The writer had possessed about many years employed as a general litho 
 twenty-five years’ experience of every draughtsman, but more especially in 
 class of work, and had paid special chromo work and engraving on stone. For 
 attention to the correlated sciences, such a few years he was employed in other pur- 
 as chemistry and photography, with a suits, but in 1874 he undertook the super- 
 view to understand and expound the vision of the lithographic department of 
 principles upon which lithography de- Messrs. Wyman & Sons’ printing-office, 
 pends. The book is thorough in every Great Queen Street, Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, 
 detail, and is a model for any practical where he has since remained, gaining 
 guide of the kind. After its first pub- considerable reputation — among other 
 lication in the Printing Times and work, for the pictorial supplements 
 Lithographer the matter was carefully printed under his management for the 
 revised and republished in its complete Builder, the Furniture Gazette , and 
 form. The contents comprise, — the other important journals. 
 
 Richter (E. F.). Heilig und hehr ist der Name des Herrn. Hymne 
 fur Chor und Orchester, aufgefiihrt am 24. Juni 1840, bei der 
 kirchlichen Feier der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst zu Leipzig. 
 Klavierauszug. Leipzig : 1840. 4to. 
 
 Richter (J. A. L. ). Festgabe. Warum sollte die Feier der Erfin- 
 dung der Buchdruckerkunst eine allgemeine fiir die ganze Welt 
 sein ? Quedlinburg und Leipzig: 1840. 8vo. pp. iv. 48. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 L 
 
258 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Riciiter (Matthias) [Matthaeus J 
 tione et de Prailorum legitima 
 Copenhagen : 1566. 8vo. pp, 
 
 A copy of this celebrated work is con- 
 tained in the Library of the British 
 Museum. It is a little volume, 5I inches 
 in height, and 3^ inches in width. The 
 pages are brown with age. The cover is 
 the vellum binding of the period. The 
 imprint is “ Coppenhagii, excudebat 
 Iohannes Zimmerman, anno 1566'’; the 
 dedication, “ Nobili et clarissimis viris 
 domino Eberhardo a Thanna, et doctori 
 Petro Prem., et doctori Simoni Schardio, 
 et domino doctori Lamperto Fredelando, 
 dominis, et patronis suis observandis.” 
 The preface extends to eleven pages, and 
 the text occupies the remainder of the 
 book. It is written in the old-school 
 Latin, in the form of propositions under 
 different heads, the converse of each pro- 
 position being set out and logically re- 
 
 |. De Typography Inven- 
 inspectione, libellus brevis et utilis. 
 
 , 86 , 
 
 futed. Among the “heads” are, Whether 
 typography was a human invention or the 
 gift of God? who invented it? who were 
 the most illustrious typographers? which 
 were the most illustrious places which 
 possessed presses? which languages has 
 it reproduced ? what is the method of the 
 art ? of the mode of founding the types, 
 of arranging them, &c., &c., the whole 
 being interspersed with pious aspirations. 
 
 MatthewJudex, whose German name 
 was Richter, one of the principal writers 
 of the “ Centuries of Magdeburg,” was 
 born at Dippoldiswalde, near Dresden, 
 1528; died 1564. He was the author of 
 many works on religious controversies, 
 and the “ Inventione,” which is very rare. 
 It is reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta 
 T ypographica. ” 
 
 Rider (J.). Specimen of the Founts of Type used in the Printing 
 Office and Stereotype Foundry, No. 14, Bartholomew Close, 
 London. [1838.] 8vo. 
 
 John Rider, the founder of this firm, 
 was the eldest son of the Rev, William 
 Rider, M.A. — many years sub-master of 
 St. Paul’s School, London, a scholar of 
 Jesus College, Oxford, and an author of 
 some note. His “ New Universal 
 English Dictionary” (published in 1766), 
 his “New History of England” in 48 
 volumes, i2mo. (1769), his “Commentary 
 on the Bible,” with many other works, 
 still survive as memorials of his industry 
 and ability. It was doubtless his love of 
 literature, and possibly his acquaintance 
 with some of the leading booksellers of 
 the day, which induced the Rev. William 
 Rider to select printing as the career of 
 his eldest son. John Rider was accord- 
 ingly apprenticed to Archibald Hamilton, 
 junr., citizen and stationer, on the 3rd of 
 August, 1773, and on the expiration of his 
 indentures, in 1780, he established himself 
 as a printer in Little Britain, on the spot 
 where the gates of St. Bartholomew’s 
 Hospital now stand. 
 
 Of John Rider’s business and of his 
 customers almost all record is now lost, 
 but the manner of his death is recorded 
 as follows in “ Nichols’ Anecdotes,” vol. 
 iii., page 737 Among the personal 
 friends of Mr. Bowyer and myself, and con- 
 nected with the subject of these volumes, 
 was Mr. John Rider, Printer, of Little 
 Britain, who died April 1st, 1800. 
 Returning home from Stationers’ Hall, he 
 dropped down in an apoplectic fit.” This 
 
 sad event occurred on his way from the 
 Hall, where he had just been elected to 
 the Office of Renter Warden. 
 
 From documents still in the possession 
 of the firm, it appears that John Rider’s 
 widow, first alone, and subsequently in 
 partnership with a Mr. Weed, under the 
 style of Rider & Weed, continued the 
 business, her son John being only six 
 years old at the time of his father’s death. 
 In due course John Rider was apprenticed 
 (Oct. 4, t8o8) to his mother, Mrs. Emilia 
 Rider. On his attaining his majority, in 
 1815, he assumed command of the 
 business, and the style of the firm again 
 became John Rider. 
 
 Under the care of John Rider the 
 Second, the business appears to have 
 prospered, and he became printer to the 
 Religious Tract Society, the Sunday 
 School Union, and several learned and 
 religious societies, which about that time 
 were springing into existence ; he also 
 printed many important, works published 
 by Mr. Alderman Kelly. In the year 
 1835, John Rider’s premises in Little 
 Britain being required for the extension 
 of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, he re- 
 moved to the house No. 14, Bartholomew 
 Close, which forms a part of the present 
 printing-office. This building was ac- 
 quired by purchase from the widow of 
 Mr. Samuel Bagster, printer and stereo- 
 typer, together with the whole of his 
 stock, plant (consisting of one machine and 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 59 
 
 ten or twelve presses), and the goodwill of 
 the business, which under the styles 
 successively of Charles Knight, Knight 
 & Bagster, Bagster & Thoms, and 
 Samuel Bagster, had been carried on 
 there for many years. Among the 
 customers, who by this purchase came to 
 increase John Rider’s business, were the 
 British and Foreign Bible Society, the 
 British and Foreign Temperance Society, 
 the Anti-Slavery Society, and others. 
 At this time the Bible in various dead and 
 foreign languages was printed at this 
 Press, and some curious founts of Saxon, 
 Coptic, Hebrew, See., are still preserved 
 by the firm, in 1849, John Rider died, 
 leaving the printing-office to his two sons 
 John & William, who under the style of 
 J. & W. Ridek, greatly extended the 
 business. John .Rider died in the year 
 
 1864, at the early age of 37, and the 
 business was then successfully conducted 
 by William Rider as sole proprietor, 
 without change of style, until January 
 1st, 1882, when, having taken his only 
 son, William H. Rider, into partnership, 
 the firm became William Rider & Son. 
 
 During the last 30 years, the concern 
 has made great progress, and the firm 
 now produce weekly newspapers, monthly 
 periodicals, and general book work. 
 Additional premises in Montague Court, 
 Little Britain, almost opposite to the 
 spot where the office was first esta- 
 blished a century previously, were found 
 necessary in 1880, and there is every 
 reason to anticipate that the prosperity of 
 the House will continue under the 
 direction of the fourth generation in the 
 person of William Rider the Second. 
 
 Rieck (Hermann). A Printer’s Tour in Russia. [An article in the 
 Printers Jotirnal, New Series, vol. i. ? p. 167, and translated 
 from Der Correspondent .] 
 
 It was originally written in German, under the title, “ From Southern Russia ; 
 a Leaf of my Diary for my German Colleagues.” 
 
 Rigg (Rev. Arthur), M.A. On Type-printing Machinery, and Sug- 
 gestions thereon. [A Paper read before the Society of Arts, and 
 published in the fournal of the Society of Arts, February 13, 1874.] 
 The Rev. Mr. Rigg traced up from a character. A discussion followed . the 
 scientific and mechanical point of view reading of his paper, in which Messrs, 
 the successive improvements which have Ellis Davidson, H. T. Wood, W. Conis- 
 been effected in letterpress printing- bee, Judd, T. Wright, and Dipnall, took 
 machinery, and offered some suggestions, part, 
 chiefly, however, of a merely theoretical 
 
 Rinckart (Mart.), Trucker-Gedenck-Rinck auf das zu Leipzig, 
 1640, gehaltene Buchdrucker-Jubelfest, durch Gregor Ritzschen. 
 Leipzig : 1640. 4to. 
 
 Ri NG WALT (J. Luther). American Encyclopaedia of Printing. Edited 
 by J. Luther Ringwalt. Philadelphia : 1871. Large 8vo. 
 
 pp. 512, and 20 plates. 
 
 This is a fine volume, containing about 
 1,700 articles and definitions, well illus- 
 trated with wood-cuts and lithographs. 
 This Encyclopaedia is founded on the 
 first edition of Mr. John Southward’s 
 Dictionary of Typography, the American 
 copyright of which is in the possession of 
 Mr. R. Menamin, the publisher of the 
 Encyclopaedia. A large number of the 
 definitions were reproduced from the 
 Dictionary, and the rest of the articles 
 were compiled by the editor, his talented 
 
 Ris (Comte L. Clement de). La 
 1830. Paris : 1878. 8vo. pp 
 
 wife, Mrs. Jessie E. Ringwalt (who for 
 several years has been a regular contri- 
 butor to the Printers Circular , of Phila- 
 delphia) ; George C. Schaeffer, Librarian 
 of the United States Printing-office ; 
 John Fagan, the stereotyper ; Eugene 
 H. Munday, the poet - printer ; W. C. 
 Probasco, wood-engraver ; E. D. Lock- 
 wood, paper-maker ; N. B. Kneass, Jun., 
 printer for the blind ; and other American 
 authorities on the several subjects. 
 
 Typographic en Touraine, 1467- 
 
 . 1 14. 
 
260 
 
 Bibliography of Pri?iting. 
 
 Ris-Paquot. L’art de restaurer les Tableaux anciens et modernes 
 ainsi que les Gravures contenant la maniere de les entretenir en 
 parfait etat de conservation, la liste des noms des principaux 
 graveurs, leurs differentes manieres, suivi de conseils pratiques sur 
 l’art de Peindre. Amiens : [i860]. i2mo. pp. 214. 13 plates 
 
 of marks and monograms. 
 
 Rist (Joh.). Depositio cornuti typographic!. Das ist : Lust- und 
 Freuden-Spiel, vermittelst welchem junge Personen, so die Edle 
 Puchdruckerkunst redlich erlernet, nach Verfliessung ihrer Lehr- 
 Jahre, zu Buchdrucker-Gesellen bestaltiget und aufgenommen 
 werden. O. O. 16 54. 4to. 6 leaves not paged. 
 
 Reprinted in the first edition of Ernesti, “ Wohleingerichtete Buchdruckerey,” 
 Niirnberg, 1721 .—See Redinger. 
 
 Ritchie (Miller). 
 
 Miller Ritchie has been called “ the 
 father of English fine printing.” He 
 died Nov. 28, 1828, aged 77 years. He 
 was the first to emulate the achievements 
 of Baskerville, and carried on business 
 in Albion Buildings, Bartholomew Close. 
 His first great work was an edition of the 
 classics, in 8vo., executed at the expense 
 of the Rev. Mr. Homer, Fellow of Mag- 
 dalen College, Cambridge, who subse- 
 quently disposed of the whole of the 
 impression to Thomas Payne, the book- 
 seller. Ritchie’s next work was a quarto 
 Bible, in two vols., printed in 1796 ; he 
 also produced, with remarkable splen- 
 dour, the Memoirs of the Count de' 
 Grammont, a quarto with very small 
 pages. There were printed 1,500 copies 
 on small paper ; 500 on Whatman’s wove, 
 royal ; one copy on vellum ; and three 
 
 copies with the diminutive quarto page 
 worked in the centre of a whole sheet 
 of royal. Ritchie’s difficulties in im- 
 proving the art of printing, as practised 
 in his day, were greatly increased by the 
 want of journeymen with sufficient ap- 
 preciation of the enterprise, and sufficient 
 technical skill to carry it into execution. 
 He was materially assisted, however, in 
 the matter of the paper by Whatman, and 
 in that of the ink by Blackwell. Timperley 
 says : “ Men he could get who by bodily 
 skill would pull down the press and give 
 the impression, but the giving the colour 
 required skill and patience far exceeding 
 what pressmen had any idea of in this 
 country, so that he found himself obliged 
 to manage the balls and beat every sheet 
 with his own hands. With all his perse- 
 verance and skill in printing, he had not 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 261 
 
 the art of getting independent by his this or any other country has produced.’ 
 labours : he failed in business, and was The likeness annexed is taken from the 
 succeeded by Buhner ; Bensley and “ Typographia ” of Hansard, by whom 
 McCreery followed, and from the presses Ritchie was engaged to take charge of 
 of those gentlemen have issued some of his warehouse after Ritchie’s failure, 
 the finest specimens of typography which 
 
 RlTSCHL von IIartenbach (J.). Der Buchdruckerkunst Erfindung. 
 Nebst einigen Betrachtungen fiber den Nutzen und die Nachtheile, 
 welche seit ihrem Ursprunge aus ihrer verschiedenen Anwendung 
 entstanden sind. Sondershausen und Leipzig : 1820. 8vo. pp. 7°. 
 
 Neues System geographische Charten zugleich mit ihrem Colorit 
 
 auf der Buchdruckerpresse darzustellen.. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Zur Geschichte der Kunsttypographie und Kunstxylographie. 
 
 [In Bibliopolisches Jahrbuch for 1838. pp. 17-32.] Leipzig. 
 
 [Ritter (F. C.).] Nachricht von zweyerley Art neu erfundenen 
 Taschen-Buchdruckereyen. 2. Auflage. Hamburg : 1773. 8vo. 
 
 Rittig von Flammenstern (A.). Die Stereotypie im Oester- 
 reichischen Kaiserstaate. Wien : 1822. 8vo. 
 
 Ritzsch (Timoth.). Emblematisches Jubel-Gedichte oder Sinnbild 
 auf das zweyhundert Jahr nach Erfindung der .... Buch- 
 drucker-Kunst, welche im Jahre . . . 1440 .... in Teutsch- 
 land ans Tagelicht bracht worden. Leipzig : 24. Juni 1640. 
 A large sheet, with allegorical figure. Reprinted in Gessner, 
 tom. iii., p. 122, et seq. 
 
 Rive (l’Abbe Jean Joseph). La Chasse aux Bibliographes et Anti- 
 quaires mal-advises ; suivie de beaucoup de notes sur l’histoire de 
 l’ancienne typographic, et sur diverses matieres bibliologiques et 
 bibliographiques, ainsi que de plusieurs eclaircissements sur la 
 reformation des lettres en France, sur ... la bibliotheque que le 
 Marquis de Mejanes lui a leguee ( Aix ) . . . Par un des eleves 
 que M. l’Abbe Rive a laisses dans Paris. Tome i., partie i re ; 
 tome ii., partie i re . A Londres [. Aix ] : 1789, 1788. pp. lviii. 
 557, 1 12. 200 copies printed. 
 
 Diverses notices calligraphiques et typographiques pour servir 
 
 d’essai a la collection alphabetique de notices calligraphiques de 
 MSS. de differens siecles et des notices typographiques des livres 
 du XV e siecle qu’il doit publier incessament en xii. ou xv. vols. 
 Paris : 1785. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 100 copies only printed. It formed the catalogue of his extensive library was 
 first number of a series of intended compiled by C. J. Achard, entitled 
 volumes (12 or 15), “Des Notices Calli- “Catalogue de la Bibliotheque des livres 
 graphiques de Manuscrits des differens de feu l’Abbe Rive ” (Paris, 1793, 8vo.). 
 siecles, et des notices typographiques des In 1872 was issued “ L’Abbe Rive et ses 
 livres du quinzieme siecle,” but the de- Manuscrits ” by R. M. Reboul (Paris 
 sign was never carried into execution 8vo.), both of which contain typographi- 
 beyond this prospectus. Rive died in cal matter, 
 the year 1791, aged 71. An annotated 
 
 Eclaircissements historiques et critiques sur l’lnvention des 
 
 Cartes a jouer. Paris: 1780. 8vo. pp. 48. 
 
 The half-title runs, “ Etrennes aux Joueurs de Cartes.” 
 
262 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rivington. Specimens of Foreign Types sold by Gilbert & Riving- 
 ton, Oriental Printers and Typefounders, St. John’s Square, 
 Clerkenwell Road, London, England. 1880. 4to. 
 
 A beautiful and, from a philological 
 and ethnographical as well as typo- 
 graphical point of view, highly interest- 
 ing book of “ Specimens of Foreign 
 Types.” It is stated to comprise all the 
 founts, as fur as known, that are required 
 for printing in the various languages in 
 use throughout the Eastern empire and 
 the surrounding nations. The preface, 
 signed “E. C.,” says: “It represents 
 the enterprise of a firm which may fairly 
 claim to be unrivalled in England, per- 
 haps in the world, for its capability in 
 executing Oriental printing at home, and 
 in supplying Oriental types to printers 
 abroad. For the production of the 
 punches and matrices required for cashing 
 some of the types, drawings were made 
 from manuscripts in the British Museum ; 
 other drawings were kindly supplied by 
 the Patriarch of Antioch, the Bishop of 
 Jerusalem, Dr. Cureton, Prof. Wright, 
 Mr. J. W. Redhouse, Prof. Wilson, and 
 Mr. E. W. Lane, and the true formation 
 of the types was stamped with their 
 approval.” Altogether there are about 
 150 examples of foreign types and Roman 
 transliterations, contained on forty quarto 
 pages, the technical names of the sizes 
 being given in each instance. It is 
 strange to think of the dim and shadowy 
 resemblance that must linger between 
 the languages of nations now separated 
 by oceans and continents, and the tongue 
 spoken by the multitude on the plain of 
 Shinar (Gen. x. io, 32) ; and that of all 
 these alphabets the first was that of the 
 two “ Tables of Stone, written with the 
 finger of God” (Exodus xxxi. 18), about 
 2,000 years B.c. 
 
 The earliest record of a Rivington, a 
 printer, is Charles Rivington, of Stain- 
 ing Lane, who was born in 1731 and died 
 in 1790. He was the son of Charles 
 Rivington, the eminent publisher and 
 bookseller, of St. Paul’s Churchyard, 
 who was born at Chesterfield, Derby- 
 shire, in 1688, and who succeeded 
 Richard Chiswell, “the Metropolitan 
 of Booksellers,’’ as Dunton styles him, 
 in 1 71 1, and in that year erected, for the 
 first time, over his door in Paternoster 
 Row, the sign of the “ Bible and Crown.” 
 For 170 years the house of Rivington has 
 adhered to the principles of its founder, 
 and religious and classical works have 
 been the mainstay of the business. In 
 1 71 1 Charles Rivington was made free 
 
 of the City ; he published one of Whit- 
 field’s earliest works while he was a 
 student at Oxford, and but just ordained ; 
 also Wesley’s edition of Thomas a 
 Kempis’s “ Imitation of Christ,” whilst 
 Wesley was still a Fellow of Lincoln 
 College, Oxford. It was at Charles 
 Rivington’s and a Mr. Osborne’s re- 
 quest, that Samuel Richardson was in- 
 duced to write his celebrated story of 
 “ Pamela,” which Pope asserted “ would 
 do more good than twenty sermons.” 
 It was published in 1741, and went 
 through five editions in the first year. 
 Charles Rivington died in 1742, and his 
 friend Rfchardson acted as his executor 
 and guardian to his six children, by his 
 wife Ellen Pease, of Durham. He was 
 succeeded in the publishing business by 
 his two sons — John, and James, who was 
 afterwards “ King’s Printer for America.” 
 John fpllowed strictly in his father’s 
 footsteps; was on most friendly terms 
 with the members of the episcopal bench, 
 used to breakfast every alternate Sun- 
 day with Archbishop Seeker, at Lambeth, 
 and is described as dignified and of a 
 gentlemanly address. He used to attend 
 twice a day, with a gold-headed cane 
 and nosegay, the services at St. Paul’s 
 Cathedral. John Rivington married in 
 1743 a sister of Sir Francis Gosling, 
 Lord Mayor of London, and had by her 
 a fortune and fifteen children. He was 
 bookseller to the Society for Promoting 
 Christian Knowledge, a Governor of most 
 of the Royal Hospitals, a member of the 
 Court of Lieutenancy and of the Com- 
 mon Council, and Master of the Sta- 
 tioners’ Company in 1775. After his 
 brother James had left him and joined 
 Mr. Fletcher, John Rivington took his 
 two sons, Francis and Charles, into part- 
 nership, and under their and other pub- 
 lishers’ auspices the standard editions of 
 Shakespeare, Milton, Locke, and various 
 British classics, were produced, John 
 Rivington being the manager in general ; 
 Dr. Dodd’s “Commentary” and Cru- 
 den’s “ Concordance” were two of the 
 most prominent of these. John Riving- 
 ton and his sons managed the “Annual 
 Register” during Dodsley’s illness, and 
 with the exception of two small breaks 
 it has been under the control of the firm 
 of Rivington to the present day. They 
 also were among those who brought out 
 the first and second editions of Dr. John- 
 son’s “Poets,’ and, in conjunction with 
 
263 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Archdeacon Nares and the Rev. W. 
 Beloe, the famous “British Critic” was 
 launched on the world. 
 
 James Rivington, when he separated 
 from his brother John, in 1756, joined 
 James Fletcher, under the sign of “ The 
 Oxford Theatre,” in Paternoster Row. 
 James Fletcher had also an office in the 
 Turl, Oxford. After he and his partner 
 had made the latge sum of ,£10,000 by 
 Smollett’s “ History of England,” James 
 neglected his affairs, and in 1760 he 
 sailed for America, and set up as a 
 bookseller in Philadelphia. In 1761 he 
 opened a book-store at the lower end of 
 Wall Street, in New York, and in 1762 
 started his famous Rivington' s New York 
 Gazetteer ; or, The Connecticut , New Jer- 
 sey , Hudson’s River , and Quebec Weekly 
 Advertiser; and by his abilities and 
 courteous manners made many friends, 
 though, as he advocated British interests 
 and the loyal side, he also made enemies. 
 In 1775, seventy-five of the rebels, who then 
 called themselves patriots, marched down 
 the main street of New York on horse- 
 back, with bayonets fixed, and, having 
 drawn up In close order before the 
 printing-office of “infamous” James 
 Rivington, brought away the principal 
 part of his types for Republican bullets, 
 smashed his presses, and marched away 
 to the tune of “ Yankee Doodle.” James 
 sailed for England, accompanied by 
 Major Moncrieffe and several loyalists, 
 on the 10th January, 1776, and was ap- 
 pointed by King George as “ King’s 
 Printer for America.” According to the 
 Constitutional Gazette of New York, he 
 was made ‘ * cobweb-sweeper of his 
 Majesty’s library,” as the King had 
 meantime employed him in his private 
 library. On arriving at New York, he 
 commenced the publication of Riving- 
 ton s Royal Gazette, which lasted till the 
 withdrawal of the British troops in 1783. 
 He then brought out Rivington' s News, 
 but it was not successful. He died in 
 New York, in 1802, leaving several 
 children behind him. One of the streets 
 in New York, which stands on the site of 
 his farm, is named after him. 
 
 John Rivington, son of John Riv- 
 ington the publisher, succeeded James 
 Emonson, printer, of St. John’s Square, 
 Clerkenwell, a relative and once part- 
 ner of the celebrated printer Bowyer. 
 Emonson was the original proprietor, 
 printer, and publisher of Lloyd's Even- 
 ing Post, the first number of which issued 
 from this office in August, 175 7. Emon- 
 son, after a successful career of twenty 
 
 years, retired, and continued to reside in 
 St. John’s Square till June, 1780, when he 
 died. John Rivington died in 1785. 
 
 A brother of John Rivington, the 
 printer, Captain Robert Rivington, pe- 
 rished in October, 1800, whilst command- 
 ing the East Indiaman Kent, in an action 
 in the Bay of Bengal with the French 
 privateer La Confiance, commanded by 
 Captain Sourcoff, and the Gentleman's 
 Magazitie had some touching verses on 
 the gallantry displayed by the captain, 
 who was shot in the shrouds whilst 
 urging his men to a last effort. The ship 
 was, however, captured and towed into 
 Pondicherry, and the prisoners trans- 
 ferred to an Arab vessel, in which they 
 ultimately, after much suffering, reached 
 Calcutta. On board her were two 
 young cadets on their way to join their 
 regiments in India — Littler and Nott by 
 name ; one afterwards became General 
 Sir John Littler, G.C. B., and the other, 
 General Sir William Nott, G.C. B. The 
 youngest daughter of Sir John Littler is 
 married to Alexander Rivington, printer, 
 late of St. John’s Square, and great- 
 great-grandson of Charles Rivington, 
 the founder of the publishing house in 
 1711. 
 
 Ann Rivington, the widow of John 
 Rivington who died in 1785, carried on 
 the printing business in Clerkenwell for 
 a year, when she took into partneiship 
 John Marshall, in 1786, and they printed 
 a series of classical works, including the 
 Greek Testament, Livy, Sophocles, “Con- 
 ciones et Orationes ex Historicis Latinis 
 excerpta” ; “ Musarum Anglicanarum 
 Analecta,” editio quinta; “Johannis 
 Bonifonii Arverni Carmina,” which were 
 published under the joint auspices of 
 John, Francis, and Charles Rivington 
 and Thomas Longman ; also a long 
 series of Latin poets and authors edited 
 by Michael Maittaire, whose work on the 
 history of printing is referred to, ante , 
 s. v. Maittaire. 
 
 The printing firm next passed into the 
 hands of Deodatus Bye, who was born in 
 1744. He was a liveryman of the 
 Stationers’ Company. He edited an 
 edition of Cruden’s “ Concordance,” and 
 printed the “Diversions of Purley ” for 
 Mr. Horne Tooke, who permitted him 
 to substitute blanks for many names 
 which the timid printer thought it pru- 
 dent to suppress. Mr. Bye compiled the 
 copious index to the 8vo. edition of 
 Swift’s works, published in 1803. That he 
 was also a versifier may be seen by some 
 lines signed D. B. in vol. lxxxvii. of the 
 
264 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Gentleman' s Magazine. Having lost the 
 use of his right hand, he soon learned to 
 write with his left. He died in 1826, aged 
 82. He had before his death taken into 
 partnership Henry Law, brother of 
 Charles Law, wholesale bookseller, and 
 partner with G. B. Whittaker in Ave 
 Maria Lane. They were succeeded by 
 Messrs. Law & Gilbert, and Robert and 
 Richard Gilbert. On the death of Robert, 
 Richard continued the business alone till 
 1830, when he admitted as partner Wil- 
 liam Rivington, great-grandson of the old 
 Charles Rivington, and the firm assumed 
 the name of Gilbert & Rivington, 
 which is retained to this day. 
 
 Richard Gilbert was the author ot 
 “ Liber Scholasticus,” a useful publica- 
 tion, which passed through more than one 
 edition. He was also the compiler and 
 editor of at least three editions, in 1818, 
 1822, and 1836, of “ The Clerical Guide or 
 Ecclesiastical Directory,” a list of bene- 
 fices in England and Wales, and their 
 incumbents, since superseded by the an- 
 nual publication of the “ Clergy List,” 
 which was commenced in 1840 ; and he 
 was the projector and for many years 
 editor of the “ Clergyman’s Almanack,” 
 which first appeared in 1819, published 
 by the Stationers’ Company. He was an 
 active Governor of Christ’s and St. Bar- 
 tholomew’s Hospitals, and was for many 
 years on the general committee, and fi- 
 nally one of the auditors, of the “ Royal 
 Literary Fund for the relief of authors.” 
 He was mainly instrumental in procuring 
 the erection of two churches in Clerken- 
 well, viz., those of St. Mark and St. 
 Philip. He died in 1852. 
 
 William Rivington is the youngest 
 son of Charles Rivington, who had died 
 suddenly in 1831, after having taken 
 into partnership his nephew John, and 
 his two sons, George and Francis, elder 
 brothers of William. His third son, 
 Charles, was brought up to the law, and 
 was for very many years the much es- 
 teemed Clerk to the Stationers’ Company ; 
 he, like his father, died very suddenly in 
 1876. His son, Charles Robert, now 
 holds the office of Clerk to the Company, 
 which his father so worthily filled. H enry 
 Rivington, a brother of John the printer, 
 was Clerk to the Stationers’ Company at 
 the beginning of this century, and died in 
 1829. William Rivington, after the death 
 of Richard Gilbert, continued to carry on 
 the printing business by himself for 
 eleven years. He was one of the most 
 active and well-informed of the Associa- 
 tion of Master-Printers, and from his 
 intimate knowledge of all parts of the 
 
 rinting business, and long experience, 
 is judgment on any disputed point was 
 always received with great respect by 
 both masters and men. During his time 
 were issued from the office in St. John’s 
 Square many celebrated controversial, 
 ecclesiological, and classical works under 
 his personal superintendence : such as the 
 celebrated “ Tracts for the Times” ; the 
 “Commentaries” of Dr. Pusey, Dean 
 Alford, Mr. Girdlestone, Dr. Words- 
 worth (now Bishop of Lincoln) ; the 
 works of Dr., now Cardinal, Newman, 
 &c. William Rivington also continued 
 to edit for many years Gilbert’s “Clergy- 
 man’s Almanack ” : he was greatly in- 
 strumental, in conjunction with Dr. Tait, 
 then Bishop of London, and now 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, in establishing 
 the success of the well-known “ Bishop 
 of London’s Fund,” and is an energetic 
 member of the Committee of the In- 
 corporated Society for building and 
 restoring churches throughout England 
 and Wales. He has been for a long 
 period, and still continues to be. one 
 of the trustees of the Printers’ Pen- 
 sion Society. He was Master of the 
 Stationers’ Company, 1877-8. In July, 
 1863, he took into partnership his nephew, 
 Alexander Rivington. 
 
 William Rivington not only advo- 
 cated doing good by precept, but by 
 example also ; his charitable disposi- 
 tion, public and private, was well 
 known to his many friends ; for enemies 
 he had none. With his pen he would 
 sometimes boldly and strenuously take 
 up the cause of the objects he had so 
 much at heart. It was with the sincere 
 regard of all who knew him that he re- 
 tired from active life in 1868, when his 
 son, William John, joined his nephew 
 Alexander. 
 
 Alexander Rivington is the third 
 son of Francis Rivington, the publisher, 
 late of St. Paul’s Churchyard and Water- 
 loo Place, and great-great-grandson of, 
 therefore fifth in descent from, Charles, the 
 founder of the publishing house, and bro- 
 ther of Francis Hansard and Septimus 
 Rivington, the present members of the 
 publishing firm of Rivington & Co., of 
 Waterloo Place. Francis Rivington, 
 second son of Charles, who died in 1831, 
 entered the publishing firm in 1827, which 
 then consisted of his father Charles ; his 
 cousin John, eldest son of Francis, 
 Charles’s brother, who was born in 1745 
 and died in 1822 ; and George, his elder 
 brother. In 1836 the firm consisted of 
 George, Francis, and John, the son of 
 John, just mentioned. George retired in 
 
Bibliography of Bruiting. 
 
 265 
 
 1842, and died in 1857. Francis, father of 
 Alexander, married one of the daughters 
 of Luke Graves Hansard, printer to the 
 House of Commons, and father of Henry 
 Hansard, the present printer to the 
 House. ( See Hansard.) Francis retired 
 in 1859, and is still living : he is the 
 author of “ The Threshold of Private 
 Devotion” (1865) and “The Life and 
 Writings of St. Paul” (1874). He was 
 Master of the Stationers’ Company, 
 1873-4. 
 
 Alexander continued to carry on the 
 printing business in St. John’s Square 
 in conjunction with his cousin, William 
 John Rivington, and in 1870 it was 
 considerably increased by the purchase 
 of the late Mr. William Mavor Watts’s 
 business, after the destruction by fire of 
 the new printing-office in Gray’s Inn 
 Road, erected by his widow. The valu- 
 able matrices of the numerous founts of 
 type, embracing nearly every known 
 written language in the world, and pro- 
 duced by Mr. Watts with much assiduity 
 and at great expense, were fortunately 
 preserved. Some of the founts were cut 
 under the personal superintendence of 
 celebrated Oriental, classical, and mis- 
 sionary scholars, and are much used by 
 the British and Foreign Bible Society in 
 distributing the Holy Scriptures all over 
 the world. There are considerably over 
 two hundred of these languages, not to 
 speak of the different dialects. The 
 names of some of these, such as Swatow, 
 Pwo-karen, Lepcha, Kinika, Nupe, Bul- 
 lom, Batta, Lifu, Tchuwash, Tukudh, 
 Wuch, Ossetinian, might puzzle many 
 who consider themselves fair philologists ; 
 they are included in the “isolating,” 
 “ agglutinating,” and “inflectional ” lan- 
 guages. 
 
 Alexander Rivington was the author of 
 a pamphlet, during the lengthy and ani- 
 mated controversy in i860, as to the 
 genuineness of the emendations in the 
 Perkins folio of Shakespeare, edited 
 by J. Payne Collier. A writer had, in 
 attacking the authenticity of the emen- 
 dations, produced some facsimile pages 
 from the folio, and founded his condem- 
 natory arguments on his own interpre- 
 tation of several to him puzzling marks 
 and alterations. Alexander Rivington, 
 by permission of the Duke of Devonshire, 
 who possessed the volume, examined the 
 pages from which the facsimiles were 
 taken, and his practical knowledge as a 
 printer enabled him at once to account 
 for every alteration as being only the 
 ordinary marks a printer’s reader would 
 make in altering and correcting the errors 
 of the press. It was the last pamphlet 
 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
 issued on the subject, the Atherueum 
 recognising its value. He also wrote a 
 “ History of the Church of St. Bartho- 
 lomew the Great, Smithfield” (1867), 
 whilst he was Treasurer of the Waynflete 
 Society ; and in 1868, finding, in a period 
 of depression of business, his apprentices 
 short of work, he wrote and published 
 a two-volume novel, in order to keep 
 them employed rather than as an as- 
 pirant to literary fame. In 1872 he 
 published the result of his travels 
 in Canada the year before, “In the 
 Track of our Emigrants ; or, the New 
 Dominion as a Home for Englishmen,” 
 illustrated with heliotype maps : he had 
 taken, as treasurer of some working 
 men’s emigration clubs during the dis- 
 tress in 1869-70, much interest in the 
 question of emigration, and he went to see 
 the country for himself. He was for 
 some time editor of the St. James's 
 Magazine, which was started in 1861 
 under the editorship of the late Mrs. S. 
 C. Hall. 
 
 The heliotype process mentioned above 
 is one of the simplest photographic or 
 photo-mechanical processes known. A 
 sheet of gelatine, bearing an almost 
 invisible trace of a picture upon its 
 surface, is laid in a common hand 
 printing-press, rolled with printing-ink, 
 which brings out at once or developes 
 a picture in printing-ink. A sheet of 
 paper is then laid upon it, the lid or tym- 
 pan of the press is closed, it is then passed 
 under the simple vertical pressure of 
 the press, withdrawn immediately, and 
 carefully peeled off the plate. The paper 
 each time removes the whole of the ink 
 from the plate, leaving the film as invi- 
 sible as at first : the film is then sponged 
 with water and dried with blotting-paper 
 before inking it for a succeeding proof. 
 The principle is this : those parts of the 
 film where light has acted during its ex- 
 posure under a negative are hardened 
 and rendered impervious to water, and 
 these parts, when subsequently rolled 
 with ink, allow the ink to adhere ; on the 
 other hand, those parts, where light has 
 not acted remain absorbent, and after 
 being sponged retain the moisture and 
 repel the ink. The intermediate parts 
 take the ink according to the degree of 
 moisture which they retain, and thus is 
 produced “ half-tone.” The film is com- 
 posed of a mixture of gelatine and bi- 
 chromate of potash, which after expo- 
 sure becomes as tough as leather, with- 
 out losing that peculiar property upon 
 which its action depends. A short ex- 
 posure under a negative to diffused light 
 
 M 
 
266 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 is sufficient, and no expensive plant is re- 
 quired, nothing, in fact, but the ordinary 
 hand printing-press. The gelatine itself, 
 from which the prints are pulled, is 
 of little account as regards cost. The 
 heliotype process differs from others in 
 many respects, viz., a large number of 
 prints can be pulled from the same plate, 
 the definition is firm and sharp, instead 
 of being soft and hazy, and there is no 
 grain whatever due to the gelatine. The 
 prints are produced independently of 
 light, require no mounting, which is a 
 great saving of time and material, and 
 come from the press with clean margins 
 and ready for binding and framing : being 
 printed with printing-ink, they are as 
 permanent as engravings. The process 
 was worked for some years by Alexander 
 Rivington,who acquired it from Edwards, 
 the patentee. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. E. Mosley joined the firm, 
 and in the same year William John 
 Rivington joined the publishing house of 
 Sampson Low, Marston, & Searle. 
 
 Alexander retired from the firm of 
 Gilbert & Rivington in 1878. In the 
 same year he became proprietor and 
 editor of the Sussex Advertiser and 
 Surrey Gazette with some other local 
 papers in the counties of Sussex, Kent, 
 and Surrey, but transferred his interest 
 in these in 1880. In 1879 he was instru- 
 mental.in establishing the new Circulating 
 and Reference Library, Club, and Re- 
 staurant, called the “Grosvenor Gallery 
 Library,” in New Bond Street, London. 
 He was some time Fellow of the Royal 
 Society of Literature, on the Council of 
 the Charity Organisation Society, and of 
 the Society for the Reform of Convoca- 
 tion, and is a Fellow and on the Council 
 of the Royal Colonial Institute. 
 
 The business of Gilbert & Rivington 
 has since July, 1881, been converted 
 into a limited liability company, as the 
 partners found that the most convenient 
 mode of carrying on this eminent and 
 historic printing-office. 
 
 Rivinus (L. A.). Hecatomba Laudum et Gratiarum, in ludis iterum 
 secularibus ob inventam in Germania abhinc annis CC. Chalco- 
 graphiam, ad aram supremi numinis artis omnis datoris, inque 
 honorem primor. hujus authorum, nec non perpetuam rei memo- 
 riam, publice pieque in tilieto ad plisn-elistrum immolata : cum in 
 carminibus quibusdam et epigrammatis, turn vero prsecipue inde- 
 clamatiuncula solenni, Artis Typographic commendationem a 
 primis usque cunabulis in declivem paulatim senectam historice 
 magis quam rhetorice e variis scriptoribus celebrante. Lipsise : 
 1640. 4to. Four preliminary pages and pp. 32. 
 
 Reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica.” 
 
 Robaglta. Presse — Imprimerie — Librairie. Manuel Administrate, 
 
 suivi d’un recueil des lois sur la presse, etc. Lyon : 1874. 8vo. 
 pp. 196. 
 
 Robin (A.). Coloris des Lithographies. Paris : 1837. i2mo. 
 1 leaf with a plate. 
 
 'Robin (Charles). Histoire illustree de l’Exposition Universelle, par 
 categories d’industries avec notices sur les exposants. Premiere 
 partie : imprimerie, librairie, fonderie en caracteres, reliure, 
 
 lithographic, papeterie de luxe, cnrtonnage, etc. Paris : 1856. 
 8vo. pp. xvi. 388. 
 
 This work, which it was purposed to complete in six volumes, went no further 
 
 than the first volume. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 267 
 
 LONDON : 1585-1597. 
 
 Robinson (Robert). 
 
 This device is found in the “ Baptistae “ Good Shepherd,” bearing a sheep on 
 Mantuani Carmelitae theologi Adoles- his shoulder. The sun is rising On the 
 centia seu Bucolica,” 1593, and in a pre- left, a mountainous ground extends on the 
 vious work by the same printer, dated right. In the oval cartouch surround- 
 1592. It consists of the emblem of the ing, is the motto, “Periit et inventa est.” 
 
 Roblin (Charles). Notice sur fitienne Dolet, poete et imprimeur au 
 XVI e siecle. La Fleche : 1858. i8mo. pp. 64. 
 
 See Boulmier (J.); Christie (Richard Copley), in Supple- 
 ment; N£e de la Rochelle, Picque, &c. 
 
 Rocca (Ange). De Typography artis inventione et praestantia. [In 
 “ De Bibliotheca Vaticana.” Romse : 1591. 4to.] 
 
 At page 410, Rocca states that he had which was written : * This Donatus and 
 seen on the first page of a copy of Dona- the book entitled “ Confessionalia ” were 
 tus, “ Etymologion,” the following note the first books that were printed. They 
 in the handwriting of M. A. Accursius : — were done in 1450. The idea was . sug- 
 ‘ ‘ The younger Aldus showed me a gested by the Donatus previously printed 
 Donatus on vellum, on the -first page of in Holland from engraved blocks.’ ” 
 
 Rochambeau (le Marquis de). Les imprimeurs Vendomois et leurs 
 oeuvres (1623-1879). 2nd edition. Vendome : 1880. pp. 35 and 
 1 plate. 
 
 Les imprimeurs Vendomois et leurs oeuvres. Nouvelle edition, 
 
 precedee d’une lettre de Paul Lacroix (Bibliophile Jacob), et 
 illustree des fac-similes de trois grandes gravures du XVI e siecle. 
 Paris : 1881. 8vo. pp. 56. 
 
268 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rochelle (J. F. Nee dela ). — See N£e de la Rochelle. 
 
 Jean Francois N6e de la Ro- 
 chelle was born in Paris, 9th Novem- 
 ber, 1751. His father was Francois Nee 
 de la Rochelle, a lawyer of the Parlia- 
 ment of Paris, and a son of Jean Nee de 
 la Rochelle, an eminent lawyer and legal 
 author, of Clamecy. Jean Frangois lost 
 his father in 1756, when he was scarcely 
 five years old. His mother afterwards 
 married Gogne, a well-known bookseller 
 and publisher, who took the tenderest 
 care of his stepson ; after giving the latter 
 a thorough education, he took the young 
 man into partnership, and when, in 1786, 
 
 Gogne quitted business to enjoy his well- 
 earned fortune, he made Nee de la Ro- 
 chelle his successor. In 1793, owing to 
 the inundation of blood which was flood- 
 ing Paris, he removed to Le Nivernais, 
 
 Roches (Jean Des ). — See Desroches. 
 
 Rocourt (Madame Olivia de). 
 typograplies. Paris : 1862. 
 
 the old home of his family. He had 
 scarcely entered. Gognc’s book-shop, when 
 he became passionately enamoured of 
 books. He thoroughly studied biblio- 
 raphy. Once at home in Le Nivernais, 
 e devoted nearly his whole time to his 
 favourite studies, and in due time pub- 
 lished the works cited in the body of this 
 Bibliography, v. Neede la Rochelle. 
 He was, moreover, the author of several 
 valuable catalogues of libraries. The 
 management of his estate, the discharge 
 of duties as municipal councillor and 
 justice of the peace — an office which 
 he held from 1802-1828, — relieved the 
 thoughts given to books, until he reached 
 the extreme limit of old age. He died 
 16th February, 1838, aged 86 years. 
 
 Lettre d’une femme aux ouvriers 
 8vo. pp. 15. 
 
 Roderich (M.). Johann Gutenberg, seine Zeit und seine Erfindung. 
 Dresden : [1830]. 8vo. pp. 53, 4 plates. 
 
 No. 4 of a series entitled “ Illustrirte Gallerie beriihmter Manner und Frauen 
 aller Volker und Zeiten.” 
 
 Rodrigues (Jose Julio). Procedes photographiques et methodes 
 diverses d’impression aux encres grasses, employes a la section 
 photographique et artistique de la direction generale de travaux 
 geographiques de Portugal. Paris : 1879. 8vo. pp. 69. 
 
 [Roeder (J. P.).] Acta des zum feyerlichen Andencken der in 
 Teutschland gliicklich erfundenen Buchdrucker-Kunst zu Nurnberg 
 erbaulich und erfreulich gehaltenen und volizogenen dritten Jubel- 
 festes ; ans Licht gestellt von dem sammtlichen Buchdrucker- 
 Collegio. Nurnberg, gedruckt auf eigene Kosten, 1740. Folio, 
 pp. 80. 1 plate with 4 medals. 
 
 Catalogus Librorum qui Saeculo XV. Norimbergse impressi. 
 
 [Nuremberg : 1742.] 4to. pp. 71, with four preliminary leaves. 
 
 Roediger (C. F. ). Fiinf Gesange, betreffend die 4. Sacularfeier der 
 Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst in Leipzig. 1839. Large 8vo. 
 pp. 25. 
 
 Gesang beim Zusammenlegen der Faskeln auf dem Marsch- 
 
 platze, als Beschlusse der 4. Sacularfeier der Erfindung der Buch- 
 druckerkunst. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. 4. 
 
 Roehr (Dr. Johann Friedrich). Predigt am Johannisfeste 1840, als 
 am vierhundertjahrigen Jubelfeste der Buchdruckerkunst in der 
 Haupt- und Stadt-Kirche zu Weimar gehalten. Weimar : 1840. 
 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 269 
 
 Roemer (J. ). Leerrede over bet belangrijke en heilzame van de 
 Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst, door Laurens Jansz. Koster, voor 
 het Christendom. Leyden: 1823. 8vo. pp. 30. 
 
 Roest(Mz.). De “ Wetenschappelijke moraliteit ” van Dr. A. van der 
 Linde een poosje maar te luchten gehangen, ten gerieve der lezers 
 van diens Spectator-opstellen en boek over “De Haarlemsche 
 Costerlegende.” Amsterdam: 1870. 8vo. pp. vi. 50. 
 
 Roger-Laurent. Heliogravure. Bruxelles : 1876. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Rohlacher (C .). — See Binder. 
 
 ROHMANN (J. L.). Udsigt over Trykkefrihedens Historic i Danmark, 
 fra Bogtrykkerkonstens Opfindelfe indtil Kong Frederik den 
 Fjerdes dod 1730. Odense : 1841. i2mo. 4 leaves and pp. 80. 
 Treating of liberty of the Press in Denmark, this little book gives much detail 
 with regard to the early history of printing in that country. 
 
 Rohmann (Th.). Der Deutsche Buchdrucker-Verband. Ein Tableau. 
 Leipzig : 1869. 
 
 Rolland et Jacob. Epreuves des Caracteres de Rolland et Jacob, 
 a Strasbourg. 8vo. [n. d.] 
 
 Roll£ (Ad. ). Gutenberg. Gedicht. Strassburg: 1840. 8vo. . 1 page. 
 
 Rolu (Johannes). Proeven van Letteren dewelcke gegooten worden 
 by Mr. Johannes Rolu, Letter- Snyder woonende tot Amsterdam 
 in de laetste Lely dwars-straet. [c. 1710.] 
 
 “ This Broadside is interesting as thirty sets of matrices, which were used 
 bringing under our notice the very for a long time in his London foundry. 
 Punch-cutter about whom Thomas James Mr. Rowe Mores spells his name Rolij, 
 wrote so curious an account to his brother but in this specimen it is plainly Rolu.” 
 when he went matrix-hunting at Amster- — Blades’s Early Specimen Books. 
 dam in 1710, and brought back with him 
 
 Roman (Jan). Letter Proef van de Gieterije van Jan Roman en 
 Comp. t’Amsterdam in de Kalverstraat. [n. d.] 
 
 A demy sheet, in the Enschede collection, the types being disposed in four 
 columns. It is identical with the sheet referred to sub voce Van Dijck, the heading 
 alone being different. 
 
 Jan Roman succeeded to this foundry in 1767 . — See Van Dijck. 
 
 Roman (Jan) & Compy. Catalogen van een extra fraaye Letter 
 Gietery dewelke in een Koop verkogt zal worden met zyn 
 Matryzen stempels en andre Materialen ; voor deeze toe behoord 
 hebbende Vrouwe d’Wed Klyburg en zedert Jan Roman en 
 
 Comp Dewelke verkogt zal werden op Maandag den 
 
 19 October 1767 te Amsterdam ten Huize van Jan Roman, Boek- 
 verkooper in de Kalverstraat. Amsterdam : 1767. 
 
 Among the founts were two, roman and italic, cut by the artist “Flysman,” 
 or Fleischman. A printing-office was sold at the same time. The matrices 
 made 69 lots, the punches 35, and there was a quantity of type sold by the 
 pound. 
 
270 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rome. Specimen Characterum Typography S. Consilii Christian^ 
 Nomini Propagando SS. D. N. Gregorio XVI. Pont. Max. idem 
 Typographeum invisenti. Roma : 1842. Folio. 
 
 See Brogiotti, Laire, Quirini. 
 
 Ronaldson (James). Specimen of Printing Type from the Foundry 
 of James Ronaldson, Successor to Binny & Ronaldson. Cedar, 
 between Ninth and Tenth Streets, Philadelphia. 1 816. [No 
 printer’s name given.] 
 
 Ihe first specimen book issued after 
 the retirement of Mr. Binny from the 
 firm of Binny & Ronaldson. The type 
 in this volume ranges from pearl to four- 
 teen-line pica, and the collection is much 
 more extensive than that in the previous 
 volume. In the dedication to the printers 
 of the United States a specimen book of 
 1812 is mentioned. 
 
 Another edition was issued by Mr. 
 Ronaldson in 1822, with a title-page 
 similar to the one quoted above, but 
 ornamented with a border. This whole 
 volume is got up on a liberal scale, 
 printed in small quarto form, with a 
 wide margin, and shows that extensive 
 
 Roorda (P.). Berigt en Proeve 
 letters. Haarlem : 1839. 4U 
 
 additions had been made in the six pre- 
 ceding years to their assortment, among 
 which was a fount of nonpareil music. 
 
 This firm of American type-founders 
 was established by Archibald Binny and 
 James Ronaldson in 1796. On the 
 retirement of Binny, James Ronaldson 
 carried on the business by himself, and 
 he was succeeded by his brother, Richard 
 Ronaldson. There is no evidence that 
 the latter issued any specimen book. 
 Richard appears to have been in no wise 
 remarkable for enterprise or business 
 tact ; and, in 1833, he sold out the con- 
 cern to Lawrence Johnson and George 
 F. Smith . — See Johnson (Lawrence). 
 
 van de Nieuwe Javaansche Druk- 
 
 Rooses (Max). Boek gehouden door Jan Moretus II., als deken der 
 St. Lucasgilde (1616-1617). Antwerpen: 1878. 8vo. pp. xvii. 
 108. [Published as No. 1, in the Uitgaven van de Maatschappij 
 der Antwerpsche Bibliophilen.'] 
 
 Catalogue du Musee Plantin-Moretus. Anvers : 1881. i2mo. 
 
 pp. xxi. 129. 
 
 This is quite a model work of its kind, and is admirably done. 
 
 Christophe Plantin, imprimeur Anversois. Biographie et 
 
 documents. Anvers : 1882. Folio. 100 plates. 
 
 This work on Plantin gives a picture archives of the printing-house, M. Rooses 
 of that printer’s astonishing activity, deals with his professional career, which 
 After an account of his life, his relations is illustrated with numerous reproductions 
 with the scholars of his time, and his of the title-pages, vignettes, &c., designed 
 struggles during the great events of the and engraved by contemporary artists who 
 sixteenth century, for which the author were employed in Plantin’s various works, 
 has found much new material in the 
 
 Eene bladzijde uit de geschiedenis van den boekbandel over 
 
 driehonderd jaar. 
 
 This and the two following items were published in the journal of the above- 
 named society. 
 
 Eene bladzijde uit het verloren handschrift van : Admiranda 
 
 hujus sseculi. 
 
 Relates to the early days of Plantin’s printing-office. 
 
 Les freres Wiericx a l’imprimerie Plantinienne. Anvers : 1881. 
 
 8vo. pp. 24. 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 27 1 
 
 Hoe de woordenboeken van Plantijn en Kilianus tot stand 
 
 kwamen. [In Het Nederlandsih Museum.] Ghent : 1880. 8vo. 
 pp. 19. 
 
 Describes how the dictionaries of Plantin and Kilianus were made. 
 
 Kilianus’ Latijnsche gedichten (Cornelii Kiliani Miscella- 
 
 neorum carminum libri duo). Antwerpen : 1880. 8vo. pp. xxviii. 
 146. [Published as No. 6, by the Antwerpsche Bibliopolen 
 Society.] 
 
 Une lettre de Henri du Tour, le jeune. [In the Message)' des 
 
 Sciences historiques de Belgique.] Gand: 1878. 8vo. pp. 14. 
 
 Le Musee Plantin-Moretus. Description sommaire des Bati- 
 
 ments et des Collections. Anvers : 1878 and 1880. 8vo. pp. 60. 
 [In the Revue A rtistique. ] 
 
 Musee Plantin-Moretus a Anvers. Photo-autotypie par Jos. 
 
 Maes. Notice historique et descriptive. Anvers : 1878. 4to. 
 pp. 29 and 16 plates. 
 
 Ortelius et Plantin. [In the Bidletin de la Soc. de Geographic 
 
 d’ Anvers, tom. v., fasc. 6, 1881.] 
 
 — Plantijn en de Plantijnsche Drukkerij. Brussels: 1877. 8vo. 
 
 pp. iv. 76. 
 
 A prize essay on Plantin and his celebrated printing-office at Antwerp, dedicated 
 to Mr. Charles Ruelens. Printed in Flemish, in the “ Memoires couronnes et 
 autres memoires publies par l’Academie royale des Sciences,” etc. Tom. xxvii. 
 (Concours Stassart). Translated into French, with the following title : — 
 
 Plantin et l’imprimerie Plantinienne. Memoire couronne par 
 
 l’Academie royale de Belgique au Concours Stassart. Traduit du 
 neerlandais par Edm. Mertens. Gand : 1878. 8vo. pp. iv. 84. 
 
 Plantijns Koninklijke Bijbel — Geschiedenis van een boek in de 
 
 xvi e eeuw. [Reprinted from de Gidsi] Amsterdam: 1880. 
 8vo. pp. 36. 
 
 Plantin’s Biblia regia : History of a book in the sixteenth century. 
 
 — Le plus ancien facsimile d’un Manuscrit — et — Notes sur l’edi- 
 tion plantinienne des oeuvres de Hubert Goltzius. [In the Bui - 
 letm de V A cademie d Archeologie de Belgique . ] Anvers : 1881. 8vo. 
 pp. 23. 
 
 M. Max Rooses was born on the 10th 
 February, 1839, at Antwerp, where he 
 studied till 1858. He then attended a 
 course of lectures in the University at 
 Liege for two years, and in i860 was 
 nominated Master of Studies at the Royal 
 Athenseum of Antwerp. In 1863 he 
 passed his examination as Doctor Philo- 
 sophise et Literarum, at Liege, attaining 
 in the following year the Professorship 
 of the Flemish Language and Literature 
 at the Athenaeum in Namur, and in 
 1866 at that of Ghent. In 1876, when 
 
 the Plantin-Moretus printing-office was 
 bought by the City of Antwerp, he was 
 appointed, and is now, curator of the 
 Museum. The major part of his writings 
 are purely critical and literary ; and they 
 have gained for him a high reputation. 
 In 1877 his “Geschiedenis der Ant- 
 werpsche Schilderschool ” (History of 
 the painting-school of Antwerp) carried 
 away the first prize at the public compe- 
 tition' offered by the city of Antwerp. It 
 was translated into German by Fr. Reber, 
 and published in Munich in 1881. Since 
 
27 2 Bibliography 
 
 that time his attention has been directed 
 to the history of the fine arts, and like- 
 wise to the study of bibliography, with 
 especial regard to the Museum under his 
 charge. As director of the Plantin 
 Museum, he also aided in the founding 
 and management of both the Societd des 
 Bibliophiles Anversois and the Socidtd 
 des Aquafortistes Anversois, of which 
 
 See Plantin. 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 latter he is secretary. M. Max Rooses 
 is preparing a catalogue-raisonnd of the 
 works of Rubens, and is also on the 
 commission which is engaged with the 
 publication of all documents relating to 
 the painter, these important duties having 
 been assigned to him by the city of Ant- 
 werp, on the occasion of the Rubens 
 Centenary. 
 
 Roret Manuals. — See Frey, Knecht, Despontes, &c. 
 
 Rosa (Gabriele). Rassegna dell’ opera : Della Tipografia Bresciana 
 nel Secolo XV. per Luigi Lechi. [In Archivio Storico Italiano , 
 new series, vol. i., pp. 250 and following. 1855.] 
 
 Rosart (Jacques Francis). Epreuve des Caracteres et Fleurons, 
 signes astronomiques, chimiques, geometriques, et autres caracteres 
 qui se fondent dans la fonderie de J. F. Rosart sur le Spaaren a 
 Haarlem. Pott 8vo. 18 leaves. 
 
 A neat little book with thick and thin In a copy belonging to the Enschede 
 faced rule round each page. There is collection there is a written note to the 
 a curious preface, in wretched grammar, effect that Rosart died at Brussels, 26th 
 highly extolling the beauty of the founts, May, 1777, aged 62 years, 
 five of which bear date 1752. 
 
 Epreuve des Caracteres qui se gravent, fondent, et se trouvent 
 
 dans la nouvelle fonderie de Jacques F. Rosart, sur le Spaaren a 
 Haarlem, [n. d.] 
 
 A sheet of large post in the Enschede geslagen” ; eleven roman and italic— the 
 collection. The types are arranged in former being very wiry ; two blacks ; 
 four columns, and comprise five titlings and four Hebrews, with flowers, 
 of which the two largest are “op Hout 
 
 — Epreuve des Caracteres qui se gravent et fondent dans la nou- 
 velle Fonderie de Jacques Francois Rosart, dediee t a son altesse 
 Royale a Bruxelles. 1761. 8vo. 
 
 The preface says that the new foundry 
 at Brussels had its origin in 1740, at 
 Haarlem, on the 1st May, just three 
 years before that of Messrs. Enschede, 
 the rapid progress of which seemed to 
 stifle their older neighbour. Neverthe- 
 less, part of their fame belonged to him, 
 for he engraved the larger part of their 
 founts. He boasts of the beauty of face, 
 the hardness of metal, and the depth of 
 
 cut of his types. A full-length portrait 
 of Rosart follows, in an oval frame, sup- 
 ported by two figures. On the frame is 
 “Jacobus Franciscus Rosart, natus 
 Namurci V. id. Aug. 1714.” There are 
 12 titling-founts, 18 Roman, 17 italic, 
 2 blacks, 1 Hebrew, and flowers. A 
 second edition, with portraits, was pub- 
 lished in 1768. 
 
 Epreuve de nouveaux Fleurons, qui sont graves et fondus dans 
 
 la fonderie de J. F. Rosart a Bruxelles, [n. d.] 
 
 A sheet of foolscap, in the Enschede signed than any of the preceding. The 
 collection. The founts are arranged in specimen says : — “ Den 10. Nov. 1768 
 three columns, and include numerous ond 15 geschunde afslagen geschrieven.” 
 borders and flowers, better cut and de- 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 2 73 
 
 ROSART (Jacques Francis). Epreuve des Ornaments d’une nouvelle 
 invention de Jacques Francois Rosart, graveur et fondeur de 
 caracteres, etc., a Bruxelles, [n. d.] 
 
 A sheet of double small post, in the Enschede collection. It comprises specimens 
 of a great variety of head-pieces, tail -pieces, and initial borders, all numbered and 
 priced. 
 
 Epreuves des Caracteres de la Fonderie de M. Rosart. 
 
 Bruxelles: 1789. 8vo. 
 
 Proef van Letteren die gesneden en gegooten worden in de 
 
 nieuwe Letter Gieterijevan J. F. Rosar[t], te Haarlem. [1758.] 
 
 A specimen sheet in the Enschede collection, comprising ten founts roman and 
 five italic. At the end of the Augustyn Cursyff is the year 1758. 
 
 [Proof of Rosart’s Foundry as it was when purchased upon his 
 
 death by the widow Decellier, in 1777.] Brussels : 17 77. 
 
 The title-page is missing. The pre- collect all the ckefs-d oeuvre of this 
 face is to the effect that the famous great master, and to remit them as a 
 J. F. Rosart is without question one who splendid heritage to the next generation, 
 can claim the highest rank in the annals '‘With these feelings I purchased the 
 of the art of type-founding. From him Rosart foundry, only too happy to be- 
 originally Haarlem became renowned come the successor of an artist so re- 
 for type-founding, and there his foundry nowned, and whose memory should be 
 shone with lustre. The honour due endeared to every lover of the art of 
 to his name had, indeed, suffered typographic.” A new and enlarged 
 some eclipse, and that even in the very catalogue was promised in six or eight 
 place, and by the very persons, who ought months. 
 
 to have recognised him as the principal The founts comprise 28 titlings, 30 Ro- 
 author of their success and fame. ’Tis man, 25 italic, 2 civilite, 5 German text, 
 no new thing for the stream to forget its 3 Greek, and 1 Hebrew, making over 
 source, &c. The greatest service that 50 pages, 
 can now be done for his honour is to 
 
 Rose (Philip) and Evans (John). The Printer’s Job Price-Book, 
 containing Eighty-one Tables of the Master- Printer’s Charges to 
 the Public, for various descriptions of Jobs on Paper of different 
 Qualities, with corresponding Degrees of Workmanship. Also a 
 Table shewing the Quantity of Paper to be given out for the 
 respective Sizes and Numbers. Bristol : 1814. Long 8vo. 
 pp. iv. 68. 
 
 The Printer’s Job Price-Book, containing the Master-Printers’ 
 
 Charges to the Public for various Descriptions of Jobs, fogether 
 with Tables giving the Quantity of Paper required for each job. 
 Bristol : 1824. i6mo. pp. iv. 62. 
 
 Printed and published by the author. 
 
 Rosenbusch (C. E.). Einige Schriftproben und Verzierungen. 
 Gottingen : 8vo. 
 
 Rosenkrantz (Gunde). Exempla literarum Georgii Hanschenii, 
 designati typographi Regise et Equestris Academite Soranae, 
 honori perillustris et magnifici herois, etc. Soranae : 1655. 4to. 
 pp. 25. 
 
 History of Printing in Copenhagen, &c. George Hanzsch printed in Soroe, 
 Malmoe, Lund, and (after 1666) in Stockholm. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 N 
 
274 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rossi (Adamo). Dell’ arte tipografica in Perugia. Documenti estratti 
 dalla Biblioteca Comunale. [In Giornale delle Biblioteche 1868, 
 No. 18.] 
 
 Rossi (Joannes) canonicus. Catalogus librorum typis impressorum, 
 qui in Regia Bibliotheca Borbonica adservantur. Accedit sacro- 
 rum bibliorum biblicorumque scriptorum elenchus, methodice 
 digestus. Tom. I. Neapoli : 1832. Folio. 
 
 No more seem to have been published. 
 
 Rossi (Johannes Bernardus de). Annales Hebrseo-typographici ab 
 anno MDI. ad MDXL. digessit notisque hist.-criticis instruxit. 
 Parma : 1 799. 4to. pp. 64, 4. 
 
 Annales Hebrseo-typographici, Sec. xv., descripsit fusoque 
 
 commentario illustravit. Parmse : 1795. 4to. pp. xxiv. 184. 
 
 The preliminary Essay of twenty-four pages treats of the early Hebrew types 
 and printers. 
 
 Annales Typography Ebraicse Sabionetenses Appendice Aucti. 
 
 Ex Italicis Latinos Fecit M. Jo. Frid. Roos. Erlangse: 1783. 
 i2mo. pp. xvi. 52. 
 
 Annali Ebreo-tipografici di Cremona. Parma : 1808. 8vo. 
 
 pp. 24. 
 
 Annali - Ebreo tipografici di Sabbioneta sotto Vespasiano 
 
 Gonzaga. Parma : 1780. 4to. 
 
 These annals were translated and published in Latin by M. Roos, with an appendix 
 by the author. ( Cum Supplemento .) Parma : 1784-98. 5 vols. 4to. 
 
 De corano arabico Venetiis Paganini typis impresso sub in. 
 
 Sec. XVI. Parmse : 1805. 8vo. 
 
 De Hebraicse typography origine ac primitiis ; seu antiquis 
 
 ac rarissimis Hebraicorum librorum editionibus sseculi xv. 
 Disquisitio Historico-Critica. Parmse : 1776. 4to. pp. 8. 100. 
 
 This work was reprinted, with additions by G. F. Hufnagel, at Erlangen, 1778, 
 in 8vo. 
 
 Dell’ Origine della Stampa in Tavole incise e di una antica e 
 
 sconosciuta edizione zilografica. Parma: 1811. 8vo. 
 
 De typographia Hebrseo-Ferrariensi commentarius historicus, 
 
 quo Ferrarienses Judseorum editiones hebraicse, hispanicse, lusi- 
 tanse recensentur et illustrantur. Parmse: 1780. 8vo. pp. xvi. 
 
 1 12. Editio altera. Accessit cel. auctoris Epistola qua nonnulla 
 
 Ferrariensis typography capita illustrantur. [Edited by G. F. 
 Hufnagel.] Erlangse : 1781. 8vo. pp. xxxii. 136. 
 
 John Bernard Rossi was a learned (Parma, 1780,410.). This was written in 
 Italian, and Professor of Oriental lan- Italian, and afterwards translated into 
 guages at the Academy of Parma. He Latin. Rossi also wrote “ De typo- 
 chiefly distinguished himself in the field graphia Hebraeo-ferrariensi commentarius 
 of Bibliography by his “ De Hebraicse historicus ” (Parma, printed by Bodoni, 
 typographise origine” (Parma, printed 8vo.); “Annales Hebrseo-typographici 
 by Bodoni, 1776, 4to.), and “Annales seculi XV.” (Parma, printed by Bodoni, 
 typographise Hebraicse Sabionetenses ” 1795, in large quarto, a very fine book), 
 
275 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 and the Supplement to the latter, entitled of the origin of Hebrew printing. In the 
 “ Annales Hebrmo-typographici ab an. first part he indicates the editions bearing 
 MDI. ad MDXL. digessit notisque hist, dates ; in the second, the editions issued 
 criticis instruxit,” etc. (Parma, printed without date ; and, in the third, the false 
 by Bodoni, 1799, in large 4to.). These and supposititious editions. The Supple- 
 annals are divided into several parts. In merit follows the same arrangement, 
 the preliminary' chapter the author treats 
 
 Rossmassler (E. A.). Der Weg zum Geiste. Ein Bild fiir die 
 Gegenwart. Leipzig : 1865. 12 mo. pp. 64. 
 
 A learned professor is showing to his -young wife, in imaginary promenades, the 
 whole technical processes of book-making, beginning with the gathering of waste 
 paper for the manufacture of new, and leading her through a paper-mill, a type- 
 foundry, a printing-office, to the bookseller’s shpp. 
 
 Rost. — See Huber (Michel). 
 
 Rostan (A.). Appel aux editeurs, imprimeurs, artistes peintres, gra- 
 veurs, dessinateurs, etc. Paris : 1848. 4to. 
 
 Roth (Johann Ferdinand). Leben A. Diirer’s, nebst alphabetischem 
 Verzeichniss der Orte, an denen seine Kunstwerke aufbewahrt 
 werden. Leipzig: 1791. 8vo. 
 
 Roth (Leonh.). Typography Encomium : von der hochloblichen 
 freyen Kunst-Buchdruckerey, was dieselbe fur uberaus herrlichen 
 Nutz und Frucht alien Standen und Orden gebracht, und noch 
 taglich bringe, in einem feinen Gesange aufs kiirzeste verfasst. 
 Leipzig : 1609. 8vo. 
 
 Roth (R.). Das Biichergewerbe in Tubingen vom Jahre 1500 bis 
 1880. Rede. Tubingen : 1880. 8vo. 
 
 Roth-Scholtzius (Fredericus). Dan. Guil. Molleri Dissertatio de 
 Typographia cura Friderici Roth-Scholtzii. 4to. Norimb. et 
 Altdorfii : 1727. 
 
 A curious little essay on the invention advertise the first part of his “ leones.” 
 of, and tools used in, the art of Typo- A perfect tract should have, in addition 
 graphy, edited, after the death of the to 8 pp. of text, six specimen portraits, 
 author, by Roth-Scholtz, who has added viz., Lufft, Rhauw, Gutenberg, Faust, 
 four pages of his own at the end to Mentel, and Koster. 
 
 — leones bibliopolarum et typographorum de republica litteraria 
 bene meritorum, ab incunabulis typography ad nostra usque 
 tempora. Norimbergse et Altdorfii : 1726-42. 3 parts. Folio. 
 
 Containing 150 portraits. 
 
 The collation of this rare work is trou- 
 blesome, there being no pagination nor 
 signatures,' which renders great care 
 necessary. 
 
 Part I. The imprint reads. “ Nor- 
 imbergae et Altdorfii, apud haeredes 
 Joh: Dan: Tauberi. a.c. MDCCXVI.” 
 Title in red and black, with one leaf of 
 introduction and one leaf index, followed 
 by fifty portraits of Printers. In addi- 
 tion, -there should be a full-page portrait 
 of the author, as a frontispiece. An 
 intercalary leaf containing the epitaph 
 of Benjamin Wedel should follow his 
 portrait. 
 
 Part II. Title all black. Imprint 
 same as Part I., with date MDCCXXIX. 
 Six leaves introductory matter, including 
 title and index : fifty portraits of Printers. 
 
 Part III. Imprint, “ Norimbergiae 
 apud Lochrierum et Rothgaengelium 
 MDXCCXXXII.” Title all black, with 
 one leaf of introduction and index on 
 back, followed by thirty portraits of 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 This is an excessively’ interesting 
 volume, and it is to be hoped that, 
 at some future time, its engravings and 
 illustrations may be reproduced for the 
 benefit of typographical students who are 
 
276 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 not able to acquire so costly a collec- 
 tion. 
 
 The author is described on the title- 
 page as “ Herrenstadio-Silesius, civis et 
 bi bliopola N orimbergensis et Altdorfinus. ” 
 
 The frontispiece consists of a fine en- 
 graved portrait in line of the author, under 
 which are the words : “ natus a. 2. 8, 
 1687, d. 17 Septembr. : M. Tuscher ad 
 vivum del. Observantiae ergo aere incisus 
 a G. W. Knorris, Norib. 172 7.” 
 
 In the “pars prima” there are 50 
 portraits, “ bibliopolarum et typogra- 
 phorum,” including Koster (No. 4), G. 
 Endterus, sen. (8), Wolfgangus Endterus, 
 sen. (9), W. Endter, jun. (10), J. A. Endter 
 (n), M. Endter (12), B. J. Endter (13), 
 W. M. Endter (14), G. A. Endter (15), 
 J. H. G. Ernesti (16), J. Faust (17). 
 S. Feyrabendius (20), J. Frobenius (21), 
 H. Frobenius (22), C. Froschoverus (23), 
 J. Gutenberg (27), A. P. Manutius (33), 
 P. Manutius (34), J. Mentelius (35), 
 C. Plantinus (38), R. Stephanus (43), 
 A. Vitre (47). 
 
 The “ pars secunda” has also an en- 
 graved vignette on the title-page. It is 
 tripartite in design. On the left are com- 
 positors at work at cases (which are 
 represented as combined upper and lower 
 cases), with the motto underneath : — 
 Multiplicetur scientia. 
 
 In the centre is a female figure holding 
 
 in her right hand an open volume bearing 
 the name of Roth-Scholtz, and in the left 
 hand the “horn of abundance,” books 
 issuing from it, instead of the usual ali- 
 mentary substances. Underneath hangs 
 the motto : — 
 
 Non alio munere. 
 
 On the right are pressmen at a press. 
 Underneath are the words : — 
 
 Fortissimis conatibus. 
 
 There is a vignette over the dedication, 
 representing author and printer. Over 
 this are the words : — 
 
 Hie signat charta magno meditata 
 labore 
 
 Hie parvo doctis publicat ista viris. 
 
 The portraits in the second part include : 
 W. Biaeav sive Blaavw, alias Janssonius 
 Caesius (4), Th. de Bry (6), J. D. End- 
 terus (10), A. Koburger (ig), G. Leh- 
 mannus (24), Matthaeus (Basilensis) (29), 
 B. Moretus (30), J. Oporinus (32), 
 Raphelengius (35). 
 
 The third part has portraits, inter alia, 
 of J. Badius (2), H. Eckstein (6), H. 
 Koele (14), F. Roth-Scholtz (22), J. 
 Schoeffer, jun. (26), I. Schoeffer (27), 
 P. Schoeffer of Gernsheim (28). 
 
 We note these names for the reason 
 that they occur in this Bibliography. 
 
 Roth-Scholtzius (Fredericus). Thesaurus Symbolorum ac Emble- 
 matum, id est, Insignia Bibliopolarum et Typographorum, ab incu- 
 nabulis typography ad nostra usque tempora. Cum indice duplici, 
 uno bibliopolarum et typographorum, altero urbium et locorum. 
 Prsemissa est Johannis Conradi Spoerlii dissertatio epistolaris ad 
 Fridericum Roth-Scholtzium quae introductionis in notitiam horum 
 insignium locum tueri poterit. Accessit Georgii Andrese Vinholdi 
 programma de quibusdam notis et insignibus bibliopolarum et 
 typographorum. Norimbergae et Altdorfii : 1730. Folio. Por- 
 trait, with engraved page of epitaph opposite, pp. 64, 50 plates, 
 and six leaves of index not paged. 
 
 A collection of fifty plates bearing 508 
 marks, emblems, and monograms, used 
 by printers and booksellers. The text 
 is dated at the end, March 5, 1731. 
 An engraved title, “ Insignia Bibliopo- 
 larum,” etc., as above, bears the date of 
 1728. 
 
 This is a most interesting collection, 
 from the great variety it exhibits, 
 although the marks cannot be depended 
 on either for size or accuracy. From the 
 phrase “ Partis primie finis,” at the end, 
 the intention was evidently to continue 
 it, which, however, was never done. 
 
 The first plate of marks is also made to 
 do duty as a second title, and over it is 
 the sentence: “ Honori Bibliopol. et 
 
 Typograph.” (in honour of Booksellers 
 and Printers), a sentiment strongly cul- 
 tivated by all German printers of that 
 (typographically) happy period. 
 
 The date 1716, seen in the border at the 
 foot of this title, and the date 1728 in 
 the body, point to twelve years as the 
 period of compilation, yet the work could 
 not have been published for some years 
 later, as Plate 2 was engraved in 1728, 
 and Plate 49 not until 1733. 
 
 See Zeltner. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 277 
 
 Rotteck (K. von) & Welcker (K. ). Buchdruckerkunst. [In : 
 Staats-Lexikon, herausgeg. v. Rotteck und Welcker. 3. Auf- 
 lage, herausgeg. v. Welcker. 36. Heft. Leipzig : 1858. 8vo.] 
 
 Rouget (J. M.). Populaire Anleitung zur Xylographie oder Holz- 
 schneidekunst, sowie zur Modelstecherei. Ulm : 1855. i2mo. 
 pp. iv. 157. 
 
 Rouget de L’Isle. Impression en relief a 1 ’aide de deux planches de 
 cuivre gravees. Contrefa5on. — Renseignements precis k l’appui 
 de la defense de M. Lhotel contre M. Rheims, et reponse au 
 Rapport de M. Gauthier de Clambry, expert. Paris : 1848. 4to. 
 3 leaves. 
 
 Rouland (A. M.). Aug. Mart. Lottin : notice sur sa vie et ses 
 ouvrages. [In Le Journal de la Librairie de Ravier, an v. (1797).] 
 
 The sami author has given a notice of the life and works of Antoine Prosper 
 Lottin, younger brother of August Martin. Paris: 1813. 8vo. pp. 13. Also in 
 the Magas in encyclopedique, of February, 1813. 
 
 Roullin (M.). Rapport sur les Annales de la typographic, redigees 
 par M. Alkan, aine. Paris : 1850. 8vo. pp. 19. 
 
 A paper read by M. Roullin before the “ Societe fraternelle des Protes des Im- 
 primeries typographiques de Paris.” 
 
 Rousselle (Hippolyte). Bibliographie Montoise, Annales de Plm- 
 primerie de Mons, depuis 1580 jusqu’a nos jours. Mons : 1858. 
 Royal 8vo. pp. viii. 771. Large paper. 
 
 Reprinted from the “ Memoires et Publications de la Societe des Sciences, etc. 
 du Hainaut.” 
 
 Rousset (Gustave). Nouveau Code annote de la Presse pour la 
 France, l’Algerie, et les colonies, ou Concordance synoptique et 
 annotee de toutes les lois sur rimprimerie, la librairie, la propriete 
 litteraire, la presse periodique, le colportage, l’affichage, le criage, 
 les theatres, et tous autres moyens de publication, depuis 1789 
 jusqu’a 1856, suivie i° des Circulaires ministerielles importantes 
 sur la matiere ; 2 0 du Catalogue des Ouvrages condamnes depuis 
 1814 jusqu’a 1850 ; 3 0 d’une Table analytique alphabetique des 
 crimes, debits, et contraventions de la parole, de l’ecriture, de la 
 presse, etc., y compris les delits d’audience ; 4 0 d’un Recueil 
 chronologique des Lois dites de la presse, avec des renvois aux 
 tableaux de concordance. Paris : 1856. 4to. pp. 296. 
 
 See Bertrand (Georges), in Supplement. 
 
 Routledge (Robert). Discoveries and Inventions of the Nineteenth 
 Century, with numerous illustrations. London : 1876. 8vo. 
 pp. xiv. 594. 
 
 Has a chapter on Printing machines, 19 pages, with 15 illustrations ; and one on 
 Printing processes, 13 pages. 
 
278 Bibliography of Bruiting. 
 
 Rowlands (William). Llyfryddiaeth y Cymry : yn cynnwys Hanes y 
 Llyfrau a gyhoeddwyd yn yr Iaith Gymraeg, ac mewn perthynas 
 i Gymru a’i Thrigolion, o’r Flwyddyn 1546 hyd y Flwyddyn 
 1800 ; gyda Chofnodau Bywgraffiadol am eu Hawduron, eu Cyf- 
 ieithwyr, eu Hargraffyddion, a’u Cyhoeddwyr. Gan y diweddar 
 Barch. William Rowlands ; gyda Chwanegion a Chyweiriadau 
 gan y Parch. D. Silvan Evans, B.D. Llanidloes : 1869. 8vo. 
 pp. 762, 28. 
 
 There is an English title-page ap- wrin, Machynlleth, North Wales, Pro- 
 pended, as follows : — “ Cambrian Biblio- fessor of Welsh at University College, 
 graphy, containing an account of the Aberystwyth, and late editor of the 
 books printed in the Welsh language, or Archeeologia Cambrensis. The work 
 relating to Wales, from the year 1546 to enters considerably into the history of 
 the end of the eighteenth century, with printing in the principality, as well as of 
 biographical notices.” It was compiled Welsh books printed elsewhere. The 
 by the late Rev. William Rowlands, and first book in Welsh appeared in London 
 edited and enlarged by the late Rev. D. in 1546. 
 
 Silvan Evans, B.D., Rector of Llan- 
 
 Roxburghe Club.— See Dibdin, &c. 
 
 Rozan (Charles). Jules Claye, ancien imprimeur. Paris : 1879. 
 pp. 8. [Reprinted from the “Pantheon de la Legion d’Hon- 
 neur,” tomeiii.]. — See Claye and Quantin. 
 
 Ruddiman (Thomas). —, 5 ^ Chalmers (George). 
 
 Rudolph (E. Camillo). Die Buchdruckerfamilie Froschauer in 
 Zurich, 1521-1595. Verzeichniss der aus ihrer Offizin hervorge- 
 gangenen Druckwerke. Zurich : 1869. Large 8vo. pp. vii. 93. 
 
 Rudolph (Hermann). Kurze Geschichte der Erfindung der Buch- 
 druckerkunst im Jahre 1440. Eine Vorbereitungsschrift auf die 
 vierte Sacularfeier dieser Erfindung im Jahre 1840, fur Schule 
 und Haus bearbeitet. Mit dem Portrat Gutenbergs und dem 
 Gutenbergs-Denkmale in Mainz, nebst daran befindlichen Bas- 
 reliefs. Meissen : 1840. i2mo. pp. iv. 66. 
 
 Rueckmann (Fr.). Vierte Saecularfeier der Erfindung der Buch- 
 druckerkunst. Leipzig, 24. Juni, 1840. 4to. 2 leaves. 
 
 Rueda (Manuel de). Instruccion para Gravar en Cobre, y perfec- 
 cionnarse en el gravado a buril, al agua fuerti, y al humo, con el 
 nuovo methodo de gravar las planchas para estampar en colores, a 
 imitacion de la Pintura ; y un compendio Historico de los mas 
 celebres Gravadores, que se han conocido desde su invencion 
 hasta el presente. Madrid: 1761. i2mo. 
 
 Ruelens (Charles). Histoire de rimprimerie et des livres [in Bel- 
 gium]. Bruxelles: 1875. 8vo. pp. 43. [Published in : Patria 
 Belgica. Encyclopedic nationale ... 3 e part. Belgique morale 
 et intellecUielle .] 
 
 Un Incunable Anglais inconnu. [Bruxelles : 1865.] 8vo. 
 
 With facsimile. [Reprinted from the Annales du Bibliophile. \ 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 279 
 
 La legende de St. Servais. Document inedit pour l’histoire 
 
 de la gravure en bois. Bruxelles : 1873. 8vo. PP- 22 > with 2 
 facsimiles. 
 
 100 copies reprinted from V Art universel. The Legende here noticed is attri- 
 buted to the brothers Van Eyck. 
 
 Un plaidoyer nouveau pour Laur. Coster. [Bruxelles: i860.] 
 
 8vo. 
 
 La question de l’Origine de l’Imprimerie et le Grand Concile 
 
 Typographique. Bruxelles : 1855. 8vo. pp. 20. 
 
 Fifty copies reprinted from the Bjdletin du Bibliophile Beige, tome ii., 2 e serie. 
 
 Sur le Speculum Humana; Salvationis. Bruxelles : 1855. 
 
 8vo. [Reprinted from the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige , vol. xi.] 
 
 La Vierge de 1418, par M. C. Ruelens. Legende de Saint 
 
 Servais, par M. C. Ruelens [1865-77]. [In: Alvin (L. J.) Docu- 
 ments iconographiques et typographiques de la Bibliotheque 
 Royale de Belgique. I Series : Les Bois. Bruxelles : 1877. 
 Folio.] 
 
 The description of the Vierge of 1418 extends from pp. 23 to 44 ; that of the 
 
 Legende forms an appendix, pp. 1-16, with 7 sheets of facsimiles. 
 
 See Documents Iconographiques, I. 182, and Supple- 
 ment ; Erasmus ; also Linde (A. van der), La Legende 
 Costerienne. 
 
 Ruelens (C.) and De Backer (A.). Annales Plantiniennes depuis 
 la fondation de Pimprimerie Plantinienne a Anvers jusqu’a la 
 mort de Chr. Plantin (1555-1589). Bruxelles: 1865. 8vo. 
 
 pp, iii. 324. Paris: 1866. 8vo. Portrait, pp. 324; table, 
 
 PP- IS- 
 
 Ruland (F. W.). Gutenberg- Album. Photographies par B. Erd- 
 mann. Mayence : 1868. 4to. 30 plates, with German and 
 English text. 
 
 Rules. Some Rules for the Conduct of Life. London : 1877. 8vo. 
 
 “A.D. 1479. In honour of William Caxton this pamphlet is gratuitously circu- 
 lated. A.D. 1877.” A contribution to the Caxton Centenary. A reprint of certain 
 
 Rules presented to apprentices of the city of London when being bound. 
 
 Rumohr (C. F. von). Zur Geschichte und Theorie der Form- 
 schneidekunst. Leipzig : 1837. 8vo. 
 
 Hans Holbein der Jiingere in seinem Verhaltniss zum 
 
 Deutschen Formschnittwesen. Leipzig: 1836. 8vo. pp. iv. 127. 
 
 On the title is a woodcut, a copy of one of the Dance of Death series. 
 
 Untersu chung der Griinde fiir die Annahme : Dass Maso 
 
 di Finiguerra Erfinder des Handgriffes sei, gestochene Metall- 
 platten auf genetztes Papier abzudrucken. Leipzig: 1841. 8vo. 
 pp. iv. 60. 
 
280 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Rumour (C. F. von). Auf Veranlassung und in Erwiderung von 
 Einwiirfen eines Sachkundigen gegen die Schrift : Hans Holbein 
 der Jiingere in seinem Verhaltniss zum Deutschen Formschnitt- 
 wesen. Leipzig : 1836. 8vo. pp. 37. 
 
 Rumour (C. F. von) and Thiele (T. M. ). Geschichte der konig- 
 lichen Kupferstichsammlung zu Copenhagen. Ein Beitrag zur 
 Geschichte der Kunst und Erganzung der Werke von Bartsch und 
 Brulliot. Leipzig : 1835. 8vo. 
 
 Rumpler (F.). Gedicht von Erfindung und Lob der Buchdruckerey. 
 Strassburg : 1640. 4to. 
 
 Runge (Christ.). Incunabula Typographic . — See Straubel; Bres- 
 LAUISCHES JUBELGEDACHTNISS. 
 
 Rungenhagen (C. F.). Die beiden Sterne, von Aug. Zeune, zur 
 vierten Sacuiar-Feier der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst am 
 25. Septemb. 1840 in Musik gesetzt. Berlin : 1840. 4to. 
 
 Ruse (George). Imposition Simplified : being a practical represen- 
 tation of the most useful schemes, rendering the system perfectly 
 intelligible, together with diagrams for the measurement of 
 margin, tables of bookwork, furniture, &c. [i860.] i2mo. 
 
 pp. 63. 
 
 Reprinted in 1875. 
 
 Printing and its Accessories : a comprehensive book of charges 
 
 for the guidance of letterpress and lithographic printers, engravers, 
 and bookbinders, with notes and items for reference ; practical 
 instructions in lithography, ink, chalk, and chromo, with descript- 
 ive illustrations and various receipts in connexion therewith ; 
 together with 150 Samples of English and Foreign papers, and 
 tabular indexes, showing their comparative mill numbers, weights, 
 etc., etc. London : [i860]. 8vo. pp. xv. 319. 
 
 The first part, devoted to printers’ measurements and quantities, foreign 
 prices, is open to the objection which may alphabets, plans of music-cases, signs 
 be made to all similar compilations, that and marks, and various technicalities of 
 they are unsuited for different localities, the trade. The work also comprises 
 and afford no real guide to a system of information for bookbinders, stationers, 
 charging for jobs. The miscellanea include and others, 
 compositors’ scale of charges, founders’ 
 
 Rusher (Philip). New mode of Printing. Rasselas, Prince of Abys- 
 sinia, by Dr. Johnson. Printed with patent types in a manner 
 never before attempted. Rusher’s edition. Banbury : 1804. 8vo. 
 2 leaves, pp. 136. 
 
 Philip Rusher patented this “ new plan is to abolish all descending letters, 
 mode” in 1802, and put it to a practical such as g, p, and q, and instead to use a 
 test in 1804, by the publication of this small capital. Although two other books 
 book, which is about as ugly a specimen in the same type were advertised the “ im- 
 of typography as can be conceived. His provement” stopped with “ Rasselas.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 281 
 
 Ruskin (John). Ariadne Florentina. Six Lectures on Wood and 
 Metal Engraving, given before the University of Oxford in 
 Michaelmas term, 1872. Orpington : 1873-76. 8vo. 
 
 Part j. (1873) is entitled : Definition of Mr. John Ruskin, the great art- 
 the art of Engraving ; part ii. (1874), The critic, was born February, 1819. He 
 relation of Engraving to other arts in was elected Slade Professor of Fine 
 Florence ; iii. (1874), The Technics of Art at Oxford, 1869, and has published 
 Wood-engraving ; iv. (1874), The Tech- many standard works ; among them : 
 nics of Wood-engraving; v. (1875), “Modern Painters,” 1843-60; “Seven 
 Design in the German Schools of Engrav- Lamps of Architecture,” 1849; “Stones 
 ing — Holbein and Durer; vi. (1875), of Venice,” 1851-53; “Queen of the 
 Design in the Florentine Schools of Air,” 1869 ; “ Lectures on Art,” 1870, 
 
 Engraving — Sandio Botticelli ; Appendix etc. (see Shepherd’s “ Bibliography of 
 (1876), Notes on the present state of En- Ruskin,” 1878.) 
 graving in England, and detached notes. 
 
 Russell (John). An Address presented to the members of the 
 Faustus Association in Boston, at their annual celebration, Oct. 4, 
 1808. Boston : 1808. 8vo. pp. 23. 
 
 An historical sketch of the art of Gainsfleeches, who stole the invention, 
 Printing, the value of which may be and practised it with his brother Guten- 
 estimated from the statements that about burg, at Mentz, the two brothers being 
 1430 Laurentius, a gentleman of Haar- joined by a wealthy citizen of Mentz, 
 lem, invented wooden types and printing- named Fust. The Corsellis legend is 
 ink, one of his workmen being John also treated as a true story. 
 
 Russia. — ^Imperial Academy of Sciences ; and Rieck (H.). 
 
 Rust (J. H.) & Co. Zusammenstellung der verschiedenartigsten 
 Schriftgattungen zum Gebrauche fur Zeichner, Lithografen, Xilo- 
 grafen, &c. Wien : 1877. Royal 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 A collection of alphabets in plain and ornamental characters, for the use of 
 lithographers, designers, and others. Herren Rust & Co., the publishers of this col- 
 lection, are typefounders of some standing in Vienna. 
 
 Rust (J. L. A.). Beytrage zu den von F. G. Freytag, in dem 
 neuesten der anmuthigen Gelehrsamkeit von dem Jahre 1759, 
 angekiindigten Jahrbiichern der Deutschen Buchdruckerey von 
 dem Anfang derselben bis auf das Jahr 1520. [In Schrijten 
 der Anhaltischen deutschen Gesellschaft , vol. i.] 
 
 Ruthven. A short Account of Lithography, or the Art of 
 Printing from Stone. Edinburgh : 1820. 8vo. 
 
 Ruthven’s Patent Presses, constructed on a new arrangement of 
 mechanical power, producing instantly with ease and simplicity 
 an immense pressure. 8vo. 4 pages, [n. d. ] 
 
 John Ruthven was the inventor of stationary table instead of a running 
 “ a machine or press for printing from carriage. It was, perhaps, the first 
 types, blocks, or other surfaces,” which attempt to render the hand-press more 
 was patented in 1813. Its peculiarity automatic in its action, 
 was that the form was placed upon a 
 
 Rutjes (J. H.).~ See Paeile. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 2 O 
 
Over den oorsprong der boekdruk- 
 kunst. Groningen : 1781. 8vo. 
 
 Sabell (J. J.). Predigt bei der Feier 
 des Buchdruckerjubilaums in Hei- 
 delberg, gehalten in der Kirche 
 zu St. Peter am 24. Juni, 1840. 
 Heidelberg : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Sabin (Joseph). A Bibliography of 
 Bibliography, or a Handy Book 
 about Books which relate to Books ; 
 being an alphabetical catalogue of 
 the most important works descrip- 
 tive of the literature of Great Britain 
 and America, and more than a few relative to France and Ger- 
 many. New York: 1877. 8vo. pp. cl. 
 
 This volume owes its origin to a list 
 of books contained in Power’s “ Handy 
 Book about Books ” (y. v . ), on which it is an 
 improvement. With Petzholdt’s “ Biblio- 
 theca Bibliographica ” in existence, a 
 work like this is rendered almost un- 
 necessary, the fact of its being written 
 in the English language not constitut- 
 ing any substantial advantage to the 
 bibliographer. The transcription of 
 the titles, too, is not always accu- 
 rately done. On the other hand, we 
 have several items which have appeared 
 
 since the German work referred to was 
 issued. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Sabin, who died 1881, was 
 an American publisher and bookseller, 
 who had branch establishments at New 
 York and London. He compiled several 
 Bibliographies of branches of American 
 literature, and contributed occasionally 
 to the literary journals. His “Biblio- 
 graphy of Bibliography ” may now almost 
 be said to be superseded by the Hand- 
 list of Bibliographies issued by the 
 authorities of the British Museum. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 283 
 
 VENICE : 1521. 
 
 Sabio (J. Antonius de) et Fratres. 
 
 The Sabio were a family of Printers 
 established at Venice in the beginning of 
 the 1 6th century. Georgius Antonius 
 et Fratres de Sabio printed in 1516. 
 Joannes Antonius was in partnership 
 with Petrus de Sabio (being very likely 
 his brother) in 1524. Then he printed 
 alone from 1524 to 1536, and perhaps 
 later. Four other members of the same 
 family were likewise printers on their 
 own account. Their device, which we 
 
 reproduce, is taken from a small tract, 
 dated Venice, January, 1521, and noticed 
 by Berjeau in the Bookworm. There 
 is a vegetable called the “ Savoy 
 cabbage,” and this is a very interesting 
 punning device. It consists of a serpent 
 coiled about the stalk of a plant intended 
 to represent a cabbage, for at the foot is 
 the word “ Brasica,” and brassica is the 
 Latin name for cabbage. 
 
 Sabourin de Nanton ( — ). Les Commencements de rimprimerie 
 dans les Vosges. Strasbourg : 1865. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 A reprint of an article which appeared in No. 7 (1865) of the Bibliographic Alsa- 
 cienne. Several new facts in the local history of typography were discovered by the 
 author. 
 
 Epinal et l’imagerie dans les Vosges. Strasbourg : 1848. 
 
 8vo. pp. 22. 
 
 Sacchi. Biografia di Gius. Longhi con un cenno dei funerali 
 celeb, ed il catalogo delle sue incisione. Milano : 1831. 8vo. 
 Portrait. 
 
 Giuseppe Longhi was one of the engraving most of the master-pieces of 
 most distinguished Italian engravers of the great artists, and his works are 
 the nineteenth century. He was born eagerly bought by the amateur, as well 
 at Monza in 1766, and died in 1831. for their fidelity to the originals as for 
 He reproduced in the perfection of line- their superiority as engravings. 
 
284 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Sacchi (Federico). I Typografi 
 grafici. Cremona : 1877, etc. 
 gress. ) 
 
 A monograph on the Jewish family of 
 printers who, in the early days of print- 
 ing, devoted their energies to the pro- 
 duction of editions of the books of the 
 Old Testament and of the Talmudic 
 writers. Driven from Speier by religious 
 persecution, a Jewish family settled in 
 Soncino in the middle of the fifteenth cen- 
 tury, and afterwards laboured to adapt the 
 new art of printing to Hebrew writings. 
 Signor Sacchi has gathered together 
 all the notices he could find of the lives 
 
 Ebrei di Soncino. Studii biblio- 
 4to. Part i. pp. 72. (In pro- 
 of these Jewish printers, especially of 
 Gerson, the most famous of them, who 
 was diligent in gathering and printing 
 Hebrew MSS., and who disputes with 
 Aldus Manutius the invention of the Italic 
 character. The first part of Signor 
 Sacchi’s work gives biographical notices 
 of the printers, and a list of their editions 
 between 1483 and 1547. There are four 
 illustrations of devices, and views of 
 localities. 
 
 Sacchi (Fed.) e Robolotti (Franc). Notizie bibliografiche cre- 
 monesi del secola xv. [In Giornale delle Biblioteclie. Anno I. 
 1867. No. 13 e sequ.] 
 
 The first printers of Cremona, a city 1472. Dionysius went shortly after to 
 of Italy, in the province of Milan, were Milan, where he assisted, in 1475, in the 
 Dionysius de Paravesino and Stephanus execution of the Greek Grammar of Las- 
 de Merlinis ; their first work being dated caris, referred to s. v. Manutius (Aldus). 
 
 Sachs (Hans). Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stande aufF Erden 
 hoher und nidriger, Geistlicher und Weltlicher, aller Kunsten, 
 Hand werken und Handeln, &c. Francfurt am Mayn : 1568. 4to. 
 pp. viii., 1 14 leaves (printed on one side only) of illustrations, 
 
 and 2 pages valedictory poem. 
 
 The first block is a representation of 
 the Pope, carried in state ; then follow 
 the Cardinal, the Bishop, the Priest, the 
 Monk, the Jacob’s Bruder (travelling 
 friar), the emperor, the king, the prince, 
 the gentleman, the doctor, the apothecary, 
 the astronomer, and the lawyer — the order 
 of precedence being worthy of notice. 
 Then come, immediately after these dig- 
 nitaries and professional men, the Schri/t- 
 giesser or typefounder, the Kiinstler 
 or artist, the Formschneider or wood- 
 engraver, the Papyrer or paper-maker, 
 the Buchdrucker or printer, the Brief- 
 maler or card-painter, the Buchbinder 
 or bookbinder, the H andmaler or painter, 
 and other trades and callings. The 
 sheets are not paged, but they were 
 made up as quartos, the signatures being, 
 e.g., d, d ij, d iij, — , &c. 
 
 The title of the above work is, in Eng- 
 lish, “ Hans Sachs’s Correct Description 
 of all Ranks, Arts, and Trades.” The 
 designer of the engravings was Jost 
 Amman, one of the most celebrated 
 artists of the period in which he lived. 
 He was born at Zurich, in 1539, but 
 removed to Nuremberg, about 1560. We 
 reproduce two of his cuts, of the same 
 size as the original. One is the Brief- 
 maler, literally the card-painter, the 
 name by which the German wood-en- 
 
 gravers were known before they adopted 
 the more appropriate one of Form- 
 schneider. It is evident that at the time 
 when the cut was engraved the two pro- 
 fessions were distinct. We here see the 
 Briefmaler employed, not in engraving 
 cuts, but engaged in colouring certain 
 figures by means of a stencil — that is a 
 card or thin plate of metal, out of which 
 the intended figure is cut. A brush 
 charged with colour being drawn over 
 the pierced card, as shown in the cut, the 
 figure is communicated to the paper 
 placed underneath. The little shallow 
 vessels perceiyed on the top of the large 
 box in front are the saucers which con- 
 tain his colours. Near the window, im- 
 mediately to his right, is a pile of sheets 
 which, from the figure of a man on 
 horseback seen impressed upon them, 
 appear to be already finished. 
 
 The subject of the second cut, taken 
 from the same work, is a Formschneider, 
 or wood-engraver proper. He is • ap- 
 parently at work on a block which he has 
 before him, but the kind of tool which he 
 employs is not exactly like those used by 
 English wood-engravers of the present 
 day. It seems to resemble a small long- 
 handled desk-knife, while the tool of the 
 modern wood-engraver has a handle which 
 is rounded at the top, in order to accommo- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 date it to the palm of the hand. The 
 early engravers cut, drawing the knife 
 to them ; modern engravers plough, 
 pushing the cutting-tool from them. It is, 
 however, certain from other woodcuts that 
 the wood-engravers of that period were 
 accustomed to use a tool with a handle 
 rounded at the top, similar to the graver 
 used in the present day. The verses 
 descriptive of the annexed cut are thus 
 translated from Hans Sachs in Jackson 
 
 285 
 
 Jost Amman died in 1591. From the 
 time of his settling at Nuremberg to that 
 of his decease he appears to have been 
 chiefly employed in making designs on 
 wood for the booksellers of Nuremberg 
 and Frankfort. Among his works is one 
 entitled “ Kunstbiichlein,” which consists 
 entirely of cuts, without any explanatory 
 letterpress. On what appears in one of 
 them, as something like a slab of stone 
 or wood, are Jost Amman’s initials, I. A., 
 
 THE “ BRIEFMALER. 
 
 and Chatto’s admirable “ History of 
 Wood Engraving ” : — 
 
 I am a wood engraver good, 
 
 And all designs on blocks of wood 
 I with my graver cut so neat, 
 
 That, when they’re printed on a sheet 
 Of paper white, you plainly view 
 The very forms the artist drew ; 
 
 His drawing, whether coarse or fine. 
 
 Is truly copied line for line. 
 
 towards the top, and lower down the 
 mark 1VF, which is, doubtless, that of the 
 engraver. This mark, with a figure of a 
 graver underneath, occurs on several of 
 the other cuts. The three following 
 marks, with a graver underneath each, 
 also occur: — L.F. C.S. G.H. These 
 facts are sufficient to prove that Jost 
 Amman was not the engraver of the cuts 
 which he designed. 
 
286 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 The British Museum possesses an 
 almost complete collection of the works 
 of Jost Amman, and exhibits in a glass 
 case, in the King’s Library, one of the 
 most interesting. It is the “ n«i'07rXia 
 omnium artium,” a series of woodcuts, 
 illustrating the professions and trades, 
 printed at Frankfort, in 1568. The 
 Museum purchased it in 1846. 
 
 Hans Sachs, one of the most cele- 
 brated of the early German poets, was 
 the son of a tailor of Nuremberg, where 
 he was born in 1494. He was sent to 
 a Latin school at the age of seven, and 
 in his fifteenth year was apprenticed to 
 a shoemaker. Two years after he be- 
 came the pupil of Nunnenbeck, a weaver, 
 who belonged to the Corporation of the 
 Master-singers, and, having been in- 
 structed in the art of poetry, he set out 
 upon his travels. On his return to 
 Nuremberg, in 1516, he was admitted a 
 master-shoemaker, and he obtained high 
 
 See Schopperus, post. 
 
 reputation as a poet. He embraced the 
 cause of Luther, and materially assisted 
 it by his compositions. He died in 1578. 
 For memoir, with selections from his 
 poems, see “ Hans Sachs,” von Frederick 
 Furchau : in zwei Abtheilungen (Leipzig, 
 1819, 8vo.). Hans Sachs uniformly em- 
 ployed his pen with the best of motives 
 — to reform and instruct ; and not only 
 
 was his personal character irreproachable, 
 but the amiable bonhomie of his dis- 
 position was such as to obtain for him the 
 appellation of “Honest Hans Sachs.” 
 Readers of Longfellow’s poem “ Nurem- 
 berg ” will remember the verses : — 
 
 Here Hans Sachs, the cobbler poet, 
 laureate of the gentle craft, 
 
 Wisest of the Twelve Wise Masters, 
 in huge folios sang and laughed. 
 About 80 of the folio pages of the manu- 
 script catalogue of the British Museum 
 Library are occupied with the titles of 
 the works of Hans Sachs. 
 
 THE “ FORMSCHNEIDER.” 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 287 
 
 t 
 
 Sachse (L. ) Senr. Recollections of Senefelder. From the “Art 
 Correspondence for the Members of Sachse’s International Art 
 Saloon.” Reprinted in the Lithographer , June, 1872. 
 
 The author enjoyed personal intercourse with the inventor of Lithography, and 
 describes the character and appearance of Senefelder in a very interesting 
 
 style, presenting several details previously unrecorded. — See Lithography. 
 
 Sagen der Fauste, die wundersamen ; des Buchdruckers Faust, 
 der sich dem Teufel verschrieb und zur Holle fuhr, und des 
 Dr. Faust, des Schwarzkiinstlers und Teufelsbanners, und seine 
 Abenteuer in Auerbachs Keller in Leipzig. Vorwort und Beitrag 
 zur Jubelfeier des Gutenberg- Festes in Leipzig. Leipzig: 1840. 
 8vo. Two lithographic illustrations. 
 
 A song, in imitation of the northern of bold metaphor and graphic description, 
 mythological and historical traditions The “ Sagen der Fauste ” was published 
 called “ Sagas,” chiefly compiled in the on the occasion of the Gutenberg fetes at 
 twelfth and three following centuries. Leipzig, in 1840. 
 
 The legends were highly dramatic, full 
 
 Sagredo (Agostino). Del Cavalier Giuseppe Antonelli, tipografo 
 di Venezia. [In Archivio Slorico. Nouv. Ser., tom. xv., part ii. , 
 p. 162 e sequ.] 
 
 - St. Alran’s (The Schoolmaster 
 Printer of). 
 
 The annexed device consists of the 
 Globe and Double Cross. In the centre 
 of the Globe is a shield, on which is the 
 St. Andrew Cross. The entire device is 
 in white on a black ground. 
 
 Of the Printer at St. Alban’s, an abbey 
 church in Hertfordshire about 20 miles 
 north of London, who was during the 
 greater part of his career contempo- 
 raneous with William Caxlon, little indeed 
 is known. His name seems to be buried in 
 oblivion. It is not ascertained whether 
 he had any connexion with St. Alban’s 
 Abbey, and there is no evidence to connect 
 him with any other printer or any other 
 place. Indeed, the only notice we have 
 of him is an accidental one by Wynken 
 de Worde, who, in reprinting the St. 
 
 Alban’s Chronicle, says in the colophon : 
 
 “ Here endith this present chronicle . . . 
 compiled in a book and also emprinted by 
 our sometime Schoolmaster of St. Alban.” 
 
 The name of the Schoolmaster Printer 
 is, therefore, quite unknown. No notice 
 of him exists in the archives of the Abbey 
 or in any contemporary record. Dr. 
 
 Chauncy, the historian of Hertfordshire, 
 finding that the prologue to the Book of 
 Hawking began with the words “ Inso- 
 much as gentle men and honest persons 
 have great delight in Hawking,” and 
 that the St. Alban’s Chronicle —both from 
 the Schoolmaster’s press— began “ Inso- 
 much as it is necessary,” and because 
 certain old authors had veiled their names 
 in the first words of their works, con- 
 cluded that the St. Alban’s printer wished st. alban’s: 1480-1486. 
 
288 Bibliography 
 
 to thus veil his name also, and that it was, 
 in fact, “ Insomuch” ! 
 
 In writing an Introduction to a fac- 
 simile reprint of one of the St. Alban’s 
 books: “The Boke of St. Alban’s, by 
 Dame Juliana Berners” (London : 1881, 
 demy 4to.), Mr. William Blades has in- 
 stituted a careful investigation into the 
 typography of the work. He is of opinion 
 that the printer had no connexion with 
 the Abbey, though doubtless the Abbot 
 and his fraternity could not have frowned 
 upon his press, or it would never have 
 been established in the town of St. Alban’s, 
 where his position was like that of Caxton, 
 who was simply a tenant of the Abbot of 
 Westminster, and nothing more. Mr. E. 
 Scott of the British Museum has sug- 
 gested that the Schoolmaster-printer of 
 St. Alban’s was in some way connected 
 with Caxton of Westminster. Mr. Blades, 
 who is certainly our best authority on the 
 matter, will not allow this in the least, and 
 says : — “ So far as any evidence goes, it is 
 a fiction.” 
 
 In this Introduction Mr. Blades gives a 
 valuable tabulated description of the eight 
 works ascertained to have been printed at 
 St. Alban’s in the fifteenth century. This 
 list was reprinted in full in the Printing 
 Times and Lithographer , vol. vii., p. 143, 
 June, 1881. The following information is 
 abstracted from it : — 
 
 6 
 
 £ 
 
 Title of Book. 
 
 Language. 
 
 Size. 
 
 Date of 
 Printing. 
 
 1 
 
 Augustini Dati ele- 
 
 Latin 
 
 4to. 
 
 n. d. 
 
 2 
 
 Laur : de Saona Rhe- 
 | torica nova. 
 
 Latin 
 
 4to. 
 
 1480 
 
 3 Alberti quest, de modo 
 I Significandi. 
 
 Latin 
 
 4to. 
 
 1480 
 
 4' Joan: Canonici quest. 
 | Sup. Phys. Arist. 
 
 Latin 
 
 Fo. 
 
 1481 
 
 5 Exempla Sacre Scrip- 
 ture. 
 
 Latin 
 
 4to. 
 
 1481 
 
 6 Ant. Andre® Super 
 Logica Aristotelis. 
 
 Latin 
 
 4to. 
 
 1482 
 
 7 Chronicles of England 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Fo. 
 
 1483? 
 
 8 The Book of St. Al- 
 1 bans. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Fo. 
 
 i486 
 
 Through the kindness of Mr. Elliot 
 Stock, who published the facsimile re- 
 ferred to, we are enabled to give a speci- 
 men page — one selected by Mr. Blades 
 as being especially characteristic. It may 
 be compared with the Figgins facsimile of 
 Caxton’s types shown atp. 117 of the first 
 volume of this Bibliography. 
 
 of Printing. 
 
 This ‘ ‘ Boke of St. Alban’s ” has no title, 
 in accordance with the practice of the 
 period prior to the invention of printing, 
 when the first page of a work was headed 
 by the author with the name of the work, 
 as “ Here begins the Confessio Amantis,” 
 or “ Hie incipit Parvus Catho,” and then 
 commenced' the text. Sometimes even 
 this slight intimation was omitted, as in 
 the “Chess Book,” where the subject of the 
 book has to be learned by reading the text. 
 The “Boke of St. Alban’s ” commences 
 without any notification, and though it 
 comprises four distinct tractates, being 
 respectively treatises on Hawking, Hunt- 
 ing, and Heraldry, to only one, that 
 on Cote Armour, is there any heading, 
 that consisting of the line : “ Incipit liber 
 armorum.” 
 
 The workmanship of the St. Alban’s 
 printer, especially in the English books, 
 is much inferior to that of the contempo- 
 rary issue from the Westminster press. 
 Mr. Blades says : “ The types are worse, 
 the arrangement worse, the press-work 
 worse, and the ink worse. From this 
 point of view alone, the theory, that he 
 would print for Caxton so much better 
 than he did for himself, is not worth 
 serious consideration.” 
 
 No light has been thrown on the ques- 
 tion how and where the Schoolmaster 
 obtained his types. Mr. Blades says : 
 “This is a puzzling question in the 
 present state of palaeotypography.” He 
 thinks, however, that some day, when 
 the palaeotypography of this country as 
 well as of the continental presses shall 
 have received “that full technical and 
 philosophical analysis which time is sure 
 to bring, the more fortunate bibliographer 
 of the future will be able with certainty 
 to track the footsteps and operations of 
 the early typefounders, and will be en- 
 abled to state for certain to what extent 
 Caxton and the St. Alban’s printer were 
 their own typefounders, and to what 
 extent, and to whom, they looked for 
 outside help. As the case now stands, 
 we can only confess our ignorance of 
 where the St. Alban’s types came frqm.” 
 
 The device given on p. 287 is contained in 
 two only out of the eight books known to 
 have been printed at St. Alban’s, viz., the 
 Chronicles of England, and the Boke of 
 St. Alban’s. Both have a printed page 8 
 by 5 inches, both have printed initials, 
 afe in black and red ink, 32 lines to the 
 page, and are illustrated with woodcuts. 
 The woodcuts to the “ Boke of St. Al- 
 ban’s” are printed in as many as four 
 colours, viz., black, red, blue, and yellow, 
 according to circumstances, and this is 
 certainly an interesting fact in connexion 
 
Off . t ij . C wtige tmM c m (foiMCttB of ff)dtc . 
 
 a <&tton lg U7«g0*. iij ctong© b bin® it(g mofl comgn Sag 
 .m tip coancoe of the ffyclce ae free m tbg© feoebn «l &p 
 p?xitt) . Q£nO d)®n g« rooft dj«c fagd)atd)fe.tjj 
 fignee b botitc m tip coimisof tfc (ijelte . fox 
 rijaf 10 tb inofi comunc g tb mooft famuft manei 
 of bjjmg of dje© . irj fignee 02 am wanci fignef 
 ^[fnfarx gc ftjfttt fag d?at fgctj a loiCu btidj i la 
 tgv hi tfyg© Kif« as fololbge . CC^oitai 
 ?» afoao tt (c «0 cownas auwa© • non ^>pame«Co toca , (£( 
 
 gallicefic . CL^lpit &fo2bft»J0con>ne0 Cos . <£< ano^is ; 
 cc fic . G^je katj) afuss cwibngsof gota. 
 
 CH<Dff tx>*m w atwge hi fcguf« SBgfc I^cc 10 a bdu’ne 
 
 (pf nclt ootbfe \9 fbtmtc m «*mg0 . foi ae wigcfj ae tye* 
 a eettan wan tb*< fegb* Sjbcfcuc » wptbuc hi fgme 
 pafftt <b btfftjopof *0£gficbf t ®* : <b Stcb fcaauljte ajmge ijj 
 (Rod)pe aftei bge aftwe naam . w Kief) atmg© tf is Coibhf . 
 {Bbd>et itte enogbfe fag hi <b blaCgnqof d)f»i : d?af b&>ce 
 fgtf> iij aUon« . ae b« hi tbge fcodpn • 
 
 Qjlno ceifcmlg^ thpubeneg - fo* atbgogng 
 a face . Qt§o t it te dju® to b fagfc : of tfc f ago? 
 ifiibui m latgn . CL Jpaztomt to© b u *«f w< ^» 
 pifece atjnboe nafemtee tn camp ntgto . <£t 
 
 gaUtceftc . CTgi pot ts <f§abU ct <roie()?o 
 cb$ naganb, ftugent . &t anglice ftc . CL jfiPj® bend? ^abb 
 ano xi) (Kofy* ftbgnwigng of £|iluet . 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 A PAGE OF THE “ BOKE OF ST. ALBAN’S.” 
 
 2 P 
 
290 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 with the typography of so early-printed a Nos. 2 and 4 according to this nota- 
 work. The woodcuts are hand-coloured tion. 
 
 in a few places. Mr. Quaritch, the famous London book- 
 
 Mr. Blades divides the type used at this seller, purchased an imperfect copy of the 
 press into four different founts, and, as in “ Boke of St. Alban’s” at Christie’s, in 
 the case of Caxton’s type, numbers them March, 1881, for which he gave no less 
 for identification. Those used in the than 600 guineas, 
 book, a leaf of which we reproduce, are 
 
 Saint-Arroman (Raoul de) et Lepic. La gravure a l’eau-forte, 
 essai historique, par R. de St. Arroman. Comment je devins 
 graveur k l’eau-forte, par le Comte Lepic. Paris : 1876. 8 vo. 
 pp. 1 1 5. Portrait. 
 
 Saint-Genois (Baron Jules de). Notice biographique sur M. Guil- 
 laume de Busscher, imprimeur. Gand : 1852. 8vo. pp. 7. 
 
 The Baron de St. Genois was a Belgian historian, and author of several brochures 
 relating to the literature of Belgium. Born 18x3 and died 1867. 
 
 St. Georges ( — ). L’imprimerie nationale. Notice historique. 
 
 Paris:* 1851. 8vo. i| sheet. [Extract from “Specimen 
 typographique de l’impr. nationale.”] 
 
 St. Leger (the abbe Mercier de). — See Mercier de St. Leger. 
 
 St. Paul (Francisco Barletti de). Description du Cabinet Litteraire 
 que Madame de * * * , auteur du nouveau systeme typo- 
 
 graphique, et Don Francisco Barletti de Saint Paul, ancien 
 secretaire du Protectorat de France en Cour de Rome, membre 
 de l’Academie des sciences, arts, et belles lettres de Chalons-sur- 
 Marne, etc., ont execute en 1773, a Madrid, pour faciliter les 
 etudes de feu Don Carlos-Clemente-Antonio, Infant d’Espagne. 
 Precede d’un extrait du manuscrit dans lequel elle se trouve, et 
 publiee par ordre de Monseigneur le Comte d’Artois. Paris : 
 1777. 4 to. pp. viii. 33. 
 
 The imprint is curious : De l’imprimerie “ Cabinet Litteraire,” of which a descrip- 
 de P. Robert-Christophe Ballard, seul tion is given, is a great library founded in 
 imprimeur de la musique de la Chambre 1733, to include everything that could 
 et menus plaisirs du Roi et de la Grande facilitate the studies of the heir to the 
 Chapelle de sa Majeste ; et imprimeur de throne of Spain. The programme of 
 Monseigneur le Comte et de Madame la studies for the young prince follows ; it 
 Comtesse d’Artois.” is quite encyclopaedic in character. 
 
 In the advertisement it is stated that the 
 
 Nouveau systeme typographique, dont les experiences ont ete 
 
 faites en 1775 aux frais du gouvernement ; ou moyen de diminuer 
 de moitie, dans toutes les imprimeries de l’Europe, le travail et les 
 frais de Composition, de Correction, et de Distribution, decouvert 
 en 1774 par Madame de # # *. Paris : 1776. 4 to. pp. 
 viii. 66, with 4 tables. 
 
 A system of logotypes, which, although “Observations of a Printer on the new 
 receiving the support of some eminent Typographic systems,” the adverse argu- 
 printers, was a complete failure. The ments used being treated in the “ Reply 
 folding tables at p. 36 purport to show of M. de St. Paul,” printed in parallel 
 the time occupied in composition from columns. 
 
 1 to 10,000 operations and a comparison Francisco Barletti de St. Paul 
 of the time occupied by the ordinary and was at one time Secretary to the French 
 by the new method. At the end are Embassy, at the Court of Rome. He 
 
291 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 was an author of eminence, and in 1775 two, three, four, and five letters. The 
 published some experiences in the prac- scheme never came into actual ope- 
 tice of the typographic art, under the ration, although it was approved of by 
 title of “ Nouveau Systeme typogra- M. Uesmarets, the Academy of Sciences, 
 phique,” as cited above. This system and M. Barbou — a commission appointed 
 consisted of the employment in compo- to inquire into its practicability and 
 sition of logotypes, in combinations of advantages. 
 
 St. Petersburg. [Printing-office of the Imperial Academy of 
 Sciences.] — Vide Imperial Academy, &c. 
 
 St. Prosper (A. J. C.). Da monopole de l’imprimerie. Paris : 
 1831. 8 vo. 1 sheet. 
 
 St. Victor (P. de). La Photochromie. Paris : 1876. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Sainte-Beuve (Charles Augustin). De la loi sur la presse. Dis- 
 cours prononce au Senat le 7 mai, 1868. Paris : 1868. 8vo. 
 pp. 16. 
 
 A report from the Moniteur of an impassioned extemporaneous speech delivered 
 in the French Senate. [Printed in the “Premiers Lundis,” tom. iii., pp. 243-279.] 
 
 Saintin (Et.). Essai de caractere, fondu, compose et imprime par 
 Et. Saintin, apres son apprentissage dans Pimprimerie de Fain. 
 Paris ; 1828. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Sali£res (Paul Narcisse). Gravure diaphane. Nouveau procede a 
 la portee de tous les peintres et de tous les dessinateurs. Mont- 
 pelier : 1853. 4to. 
 
 Salle (De la). Fiction sur l’lnvention de Pimprimerie. In 
 Extraordinaire du Mercure Galant , vol. viii. Paris : 1679. 
 8vo. 
 
 S[allengre] (Albert Henri de). Memoires de Litterature. La Haye : 
 1 7 1 5—17 1 7. 8vo. 2 vols. 
 
 In vol. i., article x., pp. 392-398, is “ Memoires sur les premieres impressions faites 
 a Haarlem,” with a portrait of Koster. In vol. ii. is an account of the duodecimos 
 called “ Republiques,” printed in Holland. 
 
 Sallier (C.). Observations sur quelques circonstances de l’histoire 
 de Pimprimerie, et particulierement sur une Bible decouverte 
 depuis peu, ou ni le temps ni le lieu d’impression ne sont marques. 
 [In “ Memoires de PAcademie d’ Inscriptions,” tomexiv., p. 238.] 
 [Salmin]. Completo saggio carratteri della Tipografia alia Minerva dei 
 Fratelli Salmin, compilato per cura Luigi Salmin. Padova: 1881. 
 Folio. 108 leaves, with 6 tavole di fregi e stemmi. 
 
 Saggio di caratteri della Tipografia alia Minerva dei Fratelli 
 
 Salmin, libr.-edit. Padova : 1869. 8vo. pp. 64, con in fino 
 stemmi nazionali e simboli diversi fra tutte. 
 
 Saggio di caratteri della Tipografia dei Fratelli Salmin, alia 
 
 Minerva. Padova : 1861. Folio. 56 leaves, con una tavola di 
 stemmi e simboli e 4 aduco di avise. 
 
 Supplemento al Saggio caratteri della Tipografia alia Minerva 
 
 dei Fratelli Salmin compilato per cura di Gaetano Gianuzzi. 
 Padova : 1877. Folio, pp. 64, with 4 plates. 
 
292 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 — Tipografia e libreria dei Fratelli Salmin editori. Padova- 
 Alla Minerva. 410. pp. xxx. 44. (Catalogo generale, Novbr. 
 1869-Marzo, 1881. Preceduto da cenni (La Tipografia, II Dan- 
 tino, II Catalogi). Redig. per Prof. Dr. Luigi Busato. 
 
 S[almon] (W[illiam]), M. D. Polygraph ice ; or the Art of Drawing, 
 Engraving, Etching, Limning, Painting, Varnishing, Colouring, 
 and Dying. London : 1672. i2mo. pp. x. 294. 
 
 This little work went through many 
 editions, several of which are to be found 
 in the British Museum. The third 
 edition is dated 1675, and the author’s 
 name (previously indicated only by 
 initials) is given as “ William Salmon, 
 professor of physick,” and there is a 
 copper-plate portrait prefixed, with the 
 following quaint lines underneath : — 
 
 You see his form and years ; but if you 
 would 
 
 View his just soule (which Envy can’t 
 behold) 
 
 In to his work, ye following tractate 
 looke, 
 
 The lively picture of his mind — ye 
 booke. 
 
 There are other editions dated re- 
 spectively 1685 and 1701. 
 
 In explanation of his title the author 
 says in the preface : “ The subject of the 
 ensuing work is the art of Painting : a 
 name not only too singular, but also too 
 short or narrow, to express what is here 
 intended thereby. For we do not only 
 express that art (as it is generally re- 
 ceived), but also drawing, engraving, 
 etching, limning, washing, colouring, and 
 dyeing ; all which, being considered in 
 their proper extent, infinitely exceed that 
 curtailed name of painting ; which that 
 we might join all in one proper and com- 
 prehensive word, we made choice of that 
 Greek compound P oly graph ice. 
 
 The early part of the book is chiefly 
 occupied with astrological matter and 
 directions for divination by palmistry. 
 The “ liber secundus ” treats “ of en- 
 graving, etching, and limning ; shewing 
 the instruments belonging to the work. 
 
 the matter of the work, the way and 
 manner of performing the same, together 
 with other requisites and ornaments.” 
 Graving is defined as ‘‘an art which 
 teacheth how to transfer any design upon 
 copper, brass, or wood, by help of sharp- 
 pointed and cutting instruments” ; limn- 
 ing is “an art whereby in water colours 
 we strive to resemble nature in everything 
 to the life.” The directions given are 
 far more curious than practically useful. 
 
 A fifth edition, “enlarged with above 
 a thousand considerable additions ; 
 adorned with xxv copper sculptures, 
 the like never yet extant,” was issued 
 in 1685. The dedication says : “ Here 
 are some traits of alchymy in this book, 
 and the very process itself (as it is be- 
 lieved) by which the masters of that 
 learning attained to the summ of all 
 their glory. In the perfection thereof 
 there are riches, honour, health, and 
 long life. By it Artesius lived (as is 
 reported) a thousand years, and Flamel, 
 a poor scrivener, built twenty-eight hos- 
 pitals in France, with divers churches 
 and chappels, endowing them all with 
 very large revenues.” In this edition 
 the directions for engraving were more 
 minute. 
 
 The eighth edition, in 2 vols., already 
 referred to, was dedicated “ to that great 
 man, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Knt.” The 
 chief additions are books respectively 
 devoted to “ alchimy and the philoso- 
 phers elixir,” “ Faber’s arcanums,” and 
 “ chiromantical signatures.” The work 
 is exceedingly interesting, as an illustra- 
 tion of the credulity which was inter- 
 woven with the technical knowledge of 
 the time. 
 
 Salmuth (Henry) [Jurist ; the second of the name]. De Typographic 
 sive Artis Impressoric inventione, verissima historia. [Sine 1 . 
 
 et. an.] 
 
 Respecting Salmuth, our learned 
 correspondent, Mr. J. H. Hessels, sends 
 us the following communication : — 
 
 “ Under the above title Salmuth pub- 
 lished, in 1631, at Frankfurt, an extract 
 (in Latin) from a Discourse or Essay on 
 the Invention of Printing, written in 
 German, by Joh. Friedr. Faust von 
 
 Aschaffenburg, in which the latter at- 
 tributes the invention to Johan Fust 
 (whom he regarded as his ancestor, and 
 always called Faust), while Gutenberg is 
 represented as having assisted Fust with 
 money. 
 
 Salmuth inserted his extract, without 
 mentioning its source, in an edition of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 293 
 
 the ‘ Res memorabiles ’ ,of Guido 
 Pancirolli, published in two volumes at 
 Frankfurt, of which the first is undated, 
 but probably published in 1629, while 
 the second bears the date 1631. In this 
 second volume, on p. 311, we find the 
 extract as an ‘ Appendix ad Titulum xii. 
 De Typographia.’ This Titulus xii. 
 appears on p. 244 of the same volume, 
 and consists of a few lines written by 
 Pancirolli, in which he says that the art 
 of Typography was found in Germany in 
 1440, alter which follow immediately 
 Salmuth’s own notes, in which he says 
 that some attribute the invention to 
 Gutenberg, others to Fust. This Titulus 
 xii. and Salmuth’s notes had already 
 appeared in the same condition in an 
 earlier edition of Pancirolli’s work 
 published at Amberg in 1607-8 ; 
 but the ‘ Appendix ’ does not appear 
 to have seen the light until 1631, 
 in the Frankfurt edition mentioned 
 above. 
 
 It is unnecessary to treat of Salmuth’s 
 * Appendix ’ separately, as I intend to 
 speak of the Discourse itself in the 
 Supplement to this Bibliography, 
 under Joh. Friedrich Faust von 
 Aschaffenburg, and only remark here 
 that a similar extract from the Discourse, 
 not materially differing from that of 
 Salmuth, was published (in German) in 
 1681, under the title ‘ Warhafftige His- 
 toria von Erfindung der Buchdruckerey- 
 kunst, ex Manuscriptis Philippi Ludovici 
 Authaei : Typis Blasii Ilsneri, mdclxxxl’ 
 This pamphlet of Authaeus I have not 
 been able to find anywhere, but it is 
 reprinted, probably verbatim, in Achill. 
 Aug. von Lersner’s ‘ Chronica der Stadt 
 Franckfurt’ (1706), p. 435. An English 
 translation of Pancirolli’s work and Sal- 
 muth’s notes was published in London 
 (1715. i2mo.), with ‘a Supplement to 
 the Chapter of Printing, shewing the 
 time of its beginning and the first book 
 
 printed in ^ach City before the year 
 1500.'” — J. H. H. 
 
 Since sending to press the sheet of this 
 Bibliography containing the notice of 
 Salmuth’s commentary on Pancirolli’s (p. 
 1 12, vol. ii.) we have examined Salmuth’s 
 edition of Pancirolli’s work mentioned in 
 the above note (Francof., Sumptibus 
 Godefridi Tampachii. [1629.] 4to.). 
 
 This appears to be the earliest edition 
 with an engraved title-page, and is more 
 than thirty years older than the edition 
 referred to by M. Madden ( q . z/.). It con- 
 tains the view of an early printing-office, 
 but there is no date at the top of it, as in 
 the view we have elsewhere reproduced. 
 It is different in several particulars from 
 the later one. The central figure, ad- 
 dressing one of the compositors, has not 
 an open manuscript, but what may be 
 taken as a small roll of paper, which he 
 holds between the first fingers of each 
 hand. In regard to the frame behind, the 
 left-hand figure seems to be distributing 
 type, and therefore wants no copy ; he 
 on the right is in the shade, and the copy 
 could hardly be seen if it were intended 
 to be represented. As to the man in the 
 right-hand top corner, who, as M. Mad-- 
 den thinks, holds a manuscript .which he 
 is reading aloud to the compositors, he is 
 clearly working at case ; so that the 
 reasoning of M. Madden is based on a 
 bad copy of an engraving, which gives no 
 support to his theory of the anagnoste 
 dictating to the compositors. 
 
 Moreover, we may refer to Mr. J. H. 
 Hessels’ work on Gutenberg (London, 
 1882), in which this author, alluding (on 
 p. xviii. of his preface) to M. Madden’s 
 anagnostes, says that, though the scope 
 of his work did not allow him to discuss 
 the subject at present, he felt justified in 
 saying that he had “ examined M. 
 Madden’s arguments with the incunabula 
 before him, and found them breaking down 
 at the first touch.” 
 
 Saltini (Guglielmo Enrico). Della stamperia orientale medicea e 
 di G. B. Raimondi : Memoria. [In Giornale Storico degli Archivi 
 toscani , vol. iv., ann. i860, pp. 257-296.] 
 
 Salvi (Dominique). Ultimo eco della mostra tipografica e delle arti 
 affini. Milan : 1880. 
 
 Published on the occasion of a fete given by M. Salvi, upon his nomination as 
 Chevalier, of the Crown of Italy. 
 
 Salvioni (Giuseppe). Cenni storicj sulla Zilografia ossia Incisione in 
 Legno, seguiti da alcune considerazioni intorno alle attuali condi- 
 zione di quest’ arte in Italia. Torino: 1868. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 The author is “ professore nella R. Accademia Albertina ” ; but this wretchedly- 
 printed pamphlet appears to be a mere newspaper article on wood engraving, 
 intended for the “general” reader. 
 
294 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Salvo-Cozzo (Giuseppe). Osservazioni sulla questione del primato 
 della Stampa tra Palermo e Messina. Palermo : 1874. 8vo. 
 
 Samenspraak in het rijk der dooden tusschen Laurens Jansz. Koster, 
 eersten uitvinder der boekdrukkunst, Lucius Annseus Seneca, 
 roomsch wijsgeer, leermeester van keizer Nero, en Johannes Hus, 
 eersten hervormer der kerke, over de uitvinding der boekdruk- 
 kunst. [In “ Maandelijksche berichten uit de andere waereld, of 
 de sprekende dooden.” 37 e samenkomst. vii. Part 1. Amster- 
 dam : 1758. 8vo.] 
 
 Sammlung derjenigen Schriften und Carminum, welche bei Gelegen- 
 heit des 3. Buchdruckerjubilai, so den 7. Juli, 1740, von einer 
 lobl. Buchdruckergesellschaft, etc., vergniigt celebriret worden, 
 etc., nebst einem historischen Bericht von dem Anfang, Fortgang 
 und noch florirenden Umstanden der Buchdruckerkunst inhiesiger 
 Stadt, auch wie dieses Jubilaum daselbst zum erstenmal ist feier- 
 lich begangen worden. Eisenach : 1740. 4to. 10 leaves. 
 
 Sammlung, Die, von Inkunabeln des Kunst-Drucks im Germanischen 
 Museum in Ntirnberg. [In Deutsche Monatshefte, 3rd year, 1875, 
 vol. v. pp. 374-387-] 
 
 Sampson (Thomas). Electrotint, or the art of making Paintings in 
 such a manner that copperplates and “blocks” can be taken 
 from them by means of Voltaic Electricity. London : 1842. 
 8vo. pp. 26. “ Specification ” 6 leaves, 3 plates. 
 
 Electrotint was a patented process “ for strument-maker in Newgate Street, 12th 
 producing paintings or drawings in such June, 1841, the process being called “Pal- 
 a manner, and so prepared, that by means mer’s Patent Electrotint.” Amateurs were 
 of the electrotype process copper-plates furnished with the plates for painting on, 
 or blocks could be obtained from them, and various specimens of the art by T. 
 capable, when printed from after the Sampson, G. Lance, Arnold, and others, 
 manner of ordinarily-engraved plates or were issued. The Times believed that 
 wood-blocks, of yielding facsimile im- the process was “ likely to attain a speedy 
 pressions of the said original paintings or and a lasting maturity in the history of the 
 drawings. ” The patent was taken out by Fine Arts,” but it seems to have been short- 
 Mr. Edward Palmer, a philosophical in- ly after abandoned. — See Palmer (E.). 
 
 Samter & Rathke. Druck- und Schriften-Probe der Buchdruckerei 
 von Samter & Rathke in Konigsberg. 1846. 8vo. 
 
 Sandars (Harry) {pseud., i. e. William John Stannard]. Catalogue 
 of the Valuable Collection of Original Sketches, Drawings, Prints, 
 books, &c. ... to be sold by auction. . . August 11, 1880. 
 Oxford : 1880. 8vo. pp. 14. 
 
 Music and Music Printing. [In the Printing Times and 
 
 Lithographer, New Series, vol. i., pp. 81, 208, 231.] 
 
 Chapter I. was devoted to the origin cess of printing, Introduction of composite 
 of Music, musical instruments, and mu- characters, Application of glyphography, 
 sical characters, early specimens of music Various inventions for the production of 
 printing by the copperplate and letter- surface-plates ; chap. III., Lithographed 
 press methods; chap. II., The trade of music, Senefelder and M. Andre — corri- 
 music-printing thrown open, Improve- genda. 
 ments introduced, The pewter-plate pro- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 95 
 
 Plugging in early Engravings. [In the Bookworm , May, 1869.] 
 
 Mr. W. J. Stannard died suddenly in the month of July, 1880. He was a very 
 accomplished man. 
 
 Sandars (Samuel, INI. A.). An Annotated List of Books printed on 
 Vellum to be found in the University and College Libraries at 
 Cambridge. With an appendix containing a list of works referring 
 to the Bibliography of Cambridge Libraries. [No. xv. of the 
 Cambridge Antiquarian Society’s publications.] Cambridge : 
 1878. 8vo. 
 
 Sanders (Prof. Dr. Daniel). Orthographisches Hilfsbuch, als Norm 
 ftir Schriftsetzer und Druckberichtiger. Leipzig : 1879. 8vo. 
 pp. vi. 178. 
 
 This book was written at the request pectedly, the orthographical ordinances 
 of the proprietors of the large Leipzig of the Prussian Minister, Puttkammer, 
 printing-office of Breitkopf & Hartel, were issued, and checked the good inten- 
 and was to serve as a standard for com- tions of author and editors. Sanders, 
 positors and readers, to arrive as much one of the greatest German lexico- 
 as possible at an equal orthography graphers of the day, has compiled the 
 throughout Germany, when, quite unex- book very scrupulously. 
 
 Sanlecques. £preuves des caracteres du Fond des Sanlecques. 
 Paris : 1757. i2mo. 
 
 Santander. Serna-Santander. 
 
 Santos (Ant. Rib. dos). Memoria sobre as origens da Typografia 
 con Portugal no seculo xv. y Memoria Para a Historia da Typo- 
 grafia Portugueza do Secula xvi. [In “ Memorias de litterat. Por- 
 tugueza, publ. de la academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa.” 
 Tom. viii. P.I. pp. 1-76 e 77-147.] 1812. 4to. 
 
 Saphir (M. G.). Nachfest der Nachdrucker zum Gutenbergfeste. 
 [In “Buch deutscher Parodieen und Travestieen ” von E. Funck. 
 Tom. ii. pp. 275 and 313-316.] Erlangen : 1841. 8vo. 
 
 Sardini (Giacomo). Congetture sopra un antica stampa eseguita in 
 Lucca nel secolo xv. Firenze: 1793. 4to. 
 
 Esame sui principi della Francese ed Italiana Tipografia, 
 
 ovvero storia critica di Nicolao Jenson — opera dedicata a gli eruditi 
 concittadini delmedesimo insigne tipografo della Francia. Lucca. 
 Folio. Vol. i., 1796, pp. x. 139; vol. ii., 1797, pp. ii. 157; 
 vol. iii., 1798, pp. ii. 126. 5 folio plates. 
 
 An exhaustive account of the editions next plate shows the derivation of the 
 of Jenson, with a memoir of the printer, modern minuscule from the ancient ma- 
 At the end of the work are plates showing juscule. The third plate represents Jen- 
 the French coins of the time of King son’s black-letter founts. Following are 
 Charles VII. and Louis XI., with fac- two plates of water-marks. The whole 
 similes of the type used by Jenson, work is very beautifully got up, and, as 
 as follows ; the roman majusculi, the the imprint states, proceeds “ per conto 
 minusculi, the abbreviations and punctu- della nuova societa tipografica nella stam- 
 ational marks, his Greek founts, his liga- peria Bonsignori.” 
 tures and characters for fractions. The 
 
2g6 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Sartori (Josephus de). Catalogus Bibliographicus Librorum in 
 Bibliotheca Czesar. reg. et equestris Academioe Theresianae extan- 
 tium, cum accessionibus originum typographicarum Vindobonen- 
 sium, et duobus supplementis nec non indice triplici systematico, 
 bibliographico, et typographico. Vindobonse : 1801-6. 4to. 11 
 vols. and 2 supplementary vols. 
 
 On the title-page is a copperplate en- Panzer and Maittaire give lists of the 
 graving of the exterior of the Imperial products of the Viennese press during 
 Library, underneath being the inscription : the 15th and 16th centuries; but the 
 
 “Aides institution! nobilis juventutis fullest record is to be found in Dr. Anton 
 dicatse quas D. M. Theresia primum Mayer’s “Wiens Buchdrucker Geschichte 
 condidit mdccxlvi. Imp. Caesar Fran- 1482-1882,” of which work only the first 
 ciscus II. Aug. Restituit mdccxcvii.” As half-volume has appeared up to the 
 a head piece on p. v. is an interior view present time (September, 1882). — See 
 of one of the halls. Mayer (Dr. A.) in Supplement. 
 
 This is a catalogue of the Royal and This magnificent work of Sartori is 
 Imperial Library at Vienna — the old in eleven quarto volumes, each of which 
 latinised name of which was Vindobona. has a separate typographical index, by 
 The collection of books there is equalled means of which the names of the printers 
 for value and rarity only by the libraries mentioned can be readily referred to. 
 of Paris and the Vatican. The art of There are also two supplementary vo- 
 printing was believed by many biblio- lumes devoted to an “Index onomasti- 
 graphers to have been introduced into cus.” There is a large amount of 
 Vienna in 1482, by an unknown printer, valuable matter in this work, which 
 The second printer in Vienna — but the would repay the labour of condensing 
 first whose name is known— was Johann and arranging. 
 
 Winterburger, who settled there in 1492. 
 
 Sassi (G. A.). — .S^Saxius (J. A.). 
 
 Sassier (Jacobo). Regis pacificii regalisque typography prseconium ; 
 carmine latino et graeco celebratum. Paris : 1660. 4to. 
 
 A tract of 4 leaves only. Sassier is described on the title-page as “typographer 
 to the king.” 
 
 SATZUNGEN einer loblichen Gesellschaft der Kunstbuchdruckerei in 
 Basel vom 20. August, 1661. Aus der Originalhandschrift 
 abgedruckt von J. Forrer. Basel: 1879. 8vo. pp. 15. 
 Saubert (Johann) the elder. Historia Bibliothecae reip. Noriber- 
 gensis, duabus Cratiunculis illustrata, quarum altera de ejus struc- 
 toribus et curatoribus, altera de rarioribus quibusdem et scitu 
 dignis agit, authore J. Sauberto, ecclesiae Noribergensis ad^div. 
 Sebaldi pastore, etc. Accessit ejusdem cura et studio Appen- 
 dix de Inventore typography itemque Catalogus librorum 
 proximis ab inventione annis usque ad A.C. 1500 editoriim. 
 Noribergae : 1643. i6mo. pp. xii. 214. 
 
 The typographical appendix begins at Friedr. Faust von Aschaffenburg, 
 p. 106, and gives the honour of the inven- in our Supplement.) In the copy 
 tion of printing to Joh. Faustum, assisted preserved at the British Museum this 
 by Johann Guttenbergium. It seems portion of the work is interleaved, and on 
 clear that the author had read Salmuth’s the white pages are written a multitude 
 editionofPancirolli’s“Res Memorabiles” of notes, which seem worthy of investi- 
 of 1631. (See above, Salmuth, and Joh. gation by some typographical student. 
 
 [Saugrain (C. M.).] Code de la librairie et imprimerie de Paris, 
 ou conference du reglement arrete le 28 Fevrier 1728 et rendu 
 commun par arret du 24 Mars 1744, avec les anciennes ordon- 
 nances depuis 1332. Paris : 1744. i2mo. pp. xxiv. 496, and 
 15 unnumbered leaves. 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 297 
 
 Saum (Aug.). La famille Gensefleisch & Strasbourg. [Extract from 
 the Bibliophile Alsacien , 4th year. pp. 201-204.] Strasbourg : 
 [1869]. 8vo. 
 
 Saunders (Frederic). Author’s Printing and Publishing Assistant, 
 including details respecting the Mechanism of Books. New 
 York : 1839. i2mo. 
 
 The author has been for many years librarian of the Astor Library of New York. 
 
 Saussay. Impression de Journaux sur etoffes. [In Memoires de 
 VInstitut , i re Section, No. 191, 1837.] 
 
 M. Saussay proposed to the French Institute the innovation of printing periodicals 
 on woollen materials, but we find no further prosecution of the idea. 
 
 A Dictionary of the Art of Printing. London : 
 
 Savage (William). 
 
 1841. 8vo. pp. viii. 815. 
 
 One of the standard English works on 
 printing. Among the principal contents 
 are : a valuable article on Records, by 
 Mr. Fehon, of Bentley’s establishment at 
 Bangor House, Shoe Lane ; specimens of 
 Murray’s improvements in electrotyping, 
 for which he received a premium from 
 the Society of Arts ; specimens from the. 
 principal contemporary letter-foundries ; 
 a synopsis of the Statutes at large, so 
 far as they affect printers and publishers ; 
 and foreign alphabets. 
 
 “ The object in the present under- 
 taking,” says the author, “was that of 
 making a purely practical work — one that 
 might meet every exigence of the printer 
 whilst in the exercise of his art, and one 
 that would serve as a book of reference 
 to the author, the librarian, and, in fact, 
 to every one interested in books or their 
 production.” Many of the definitions are 
 taken from Moxon, from whose book, 
 indeed, a large amount of varied matter 
 has been extracted. 
 
 — Practical Hints on Decorative Printing, with illustrations 
 engraved on Wood and printed in Colours at the Type Press. 
 London : 1822. 4to. 
 
 The frontispiece, 2 titles, and intro- 
 ductory matter make 10 leaves ; the text 
 occupies 122 pages ; and there are 49 
 plates, including the impressions at the 
 end from the defaced blocks. 
 
 “ Decorative Printing ” is dedicated to 
 the Earl of Spencer, and contains a 
 beautifully-printed illustration, in the 
 heraldic colours, of his armorial bearings. 
 In the Introduction, the vexed question 
 of the discovery of printing is referred 
 to, but in a somewhat superficial manner, 
 the author being evidently of a practical, 
 rather than of a literary, turn of mind. 
 The “opinion," which Mr. Savage says he 
 merely “ hazarded,” was, that the art had 
 been exercised for many years secretly 
 and anonymously in printing religious 
 subjects with short sentences, and also 
 playing-cards, and that these were dis- 
 posed of as drawings and manuscripts, 
 and that they were not suspected of being 
 produced in any other manner. This, 
 we may state, is an altogether unwar- 
 ranted assumption, and one that was not 
 adopted till the present century. Hence, 
 of course, according to this theory, the 
 artists were then, and still remain, un- 
 known, and it was only when they began 
 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
 to extend the principle, by printing 
 books, that the process became publicly 
 understood, for it could no longer be hid, 
 on account of the number of copies pro- 
 duced of more extensive works. Savage 
 refers to the singular fact, that it was 
 not until a hundred years had elapsed 
 that the honour of the discovery became 
 a matter of contention. Leaving, how- 
 ever, these speculations,, which the author 
 very modestly puts forward, we may note 
 what he says of the early -printing of the 
 kind that he understood so thoroughly. 
 He remarks that it is singular that under 
 Fust and Gutenberg the process was 
 carried nearly to perfection, “for some 
 of the works they printed, both in the 
 quality of the ink and in the workman- 
 ship, are so excellent, that it would 
 require all the skill of our best printers, 
 even at the present day, to surpass them 
 in all respects ; and I do not hesitate to 
 say, that in a few years after the printers 
 were actually superior to us in the use of 
 red ink, both as to colour and as to the 
 inserting of a great number of single 
 capital letters in their proper places in a 
 sheet with a degree of accuracy and 
 sharpness of impression that I have never 
 
 Q 
 
298 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 seen equalled in modern workmanship.” 
 This opinion, however, Savage qualified 
 afterwards. He then goes on to refer 
 to the retrogression of the art a few 
 years afterwards ; its introduction into 
 England, the efforts of John Basker- 
 ville to revive it, and the progress 
 subsequently effected, culminating in 
 the typographic triumphs of Beasley, 
 Bulmer, Ballantyne, Corrall, Davison, 
 M'Creery, Whittingham, and a few 
 others, who, he remarks, had carried 
 the art almost as far as was possible. 
 These latter efforts, however, had chiefly 
 reference to impressions in black ink ; 
 there had been no endeavour for many 
 years to give additional decoration by 
 means of the type press to the splendid 
 books that were being produced. The 
 use of suites of blocks, worked in various 
 colours, to imitate pen-and-ink drawings 
 and washed-in sketches, was known as 
 early as the close of the fifteenth cen- 
 tury, and not a few engravers attained 
 eminence in practising this process ; but 
 the first attempt to print in such a way 
 as to represent a painting in water 
 colours was made by Jackson, between 
 1720 and 1754. It was, unfortunately, 
 a complete failure, and its non-success 
 seemed to have deterred subsequent 
 printers. Savage believed, notwith- 
 standing, that it was possible to bring 
 the process to a high state of perfection, 
 especially as just before his time there 
 had been great improvements made in 
 the press and in several of the essential 
 implements of printing. He refers to the 
 necessity for an adequate book of in- 
 struction in the art, as Moxon’s had 
 been published about a century previous, 
 and none of the authors who followed 
 had added anything to his information. 
 Savage then speaks of types, presses, 
 
 balls, ink, and paper. His remarks refer 
 chiefly to the common leather balls, whose 
 use he seems to have learned by long 
 practice, but he alludes incidentally to 
 the composition balls, which were in- 
 vented just previously, as he says, “by 
 Mr. B. Foster,” and they “are superior 
 to the old skins.” The book itself was 
 printed with these composition balls. 
 The directions for using the materials 
 are evidently carefully prepared, and the 
 author says that he has spared no time 
 in making experiments, has divulged all 
 he knew, and had recourse to the best 
 authorities for further information. In 
 the “Appendix” is : 1. A brief account 
 of English letter foundries ; 2. Some 
 account of Mr. Bensley’s printing- 
 machine, worked by steam ; 3. Descrip- 
 tion of Rutt’s patent printing machine ; 
 4. Description of Applegath & Cow- 
 per’s patent inking-apparatus ; 5. Ac- 
 
 count of a chemical analysis of French 
 plate paper, India yellow paper, and 
 India white paper, by Mr. Faraday of 
 the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 
 in a letter to the author ; 6. Of the woods 
 best adapted to the graver, and the 
 qualities of which they ought to be 
 possessed (translated from Papillon’s 
 “ Graveur en Bois ”) ; 7. The manner of 
 printing engravings in cameo, both with 
 the roller and the press machine made 
 use of by George Lalleman, painter, in 
 producing his modes of cleansing en- 
 graved blocks of wood ; 8. The Colum- 
 bian printing-press ; 9. Ruthven’s print- 
 ing-press, on which the whole of the body 
 of the book was printed ; and 10. A recipe 
 for black ink. The preliminary matter 
 occupies pp. viii. , and the Hints and 
 Appendix pp. 100. The illustrations 
 follow, of which we append a complete 
 enumeration : — ■ 
 
 DRAWN BY ENGRAVED BY 
 
 Female and Boy J. Thurston C. Nesbit. 
 
 Female Figure W. M. Craig J. Thompson. 
 
 A Sibyl » J. Thurston! G. Thurston. 
 
 Female Street Sweeper and Child. . W. M. Craig Branston. 
 
 Head Piece T. Willement Branston. 
 
 ,, G. W. Bonner G. W. Bonner. 
 
 Bas-relief W. Hunt Branston. 
 
 Statue of Theseus W. Hunt W. Hughes. 
 
 A Bust . ; W. Hunt G. W. Bonner. 
 
 An Ancient Tower J. Varley Branston. 
 
 (7 blocks, printed in sepia.) 
 
 Ruins of Kirkstall Abbey W. M. Craig J. Lee. 
 
 (7 blocks.) 
 
 Bridge and Landscape J. Thurston Branston. 
 
 (8 blocks ; sepia.) 
 
 Cottage and Landscape J. Varley J. Martin. 
 
 (Imitation of a drawing in Indian ink : 9 blocks, black ink.) 
 
 Passage Boats A. W. Callcott, R.A. .. R. Branston, jun. 
 
 (Facsimile of a pen-and-ink sketch ; 7 blocks.) 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 2 99 
 
 DRAWN BY 
 
 River Scene A. W. Callcott, R.A. , 
 
 (Facsimile of a pen-and-ink sketch ; 5 blocks.) 
 
 Glazed Tile T. Moule 
 
 Initial letter B (Psalter of 1457) 
 
 ENGRAVED BY 
 
 G. W. Bonner. 
 
 W. C. Walker. 
 
 R. Thomson J. Byfield. 
 
 Ornamental letter B Branston Branston. 
 
 (To show the use of gold in letter-press printing.) 
 
 Earl Spencer’s Arms Heralds’ College J. Berryman. 
 
 (6 blocks.) 
 
 The Witches from “ Macbeth” .... J. Thurston G. Thurston. 
 
 (6 blocks.) 
 
 Etruscan Vase W. Hunt W. Hughes. 
 
 (7 blocks.) 
 
 Carnation J. P. Neale H. White. 
 
 (7 blocks, and an impression heightened with the pencil.) 
 
 Butterfly J. P. Neale Branston. 
 
 (7 blocks.) 
 
 Parrot J. P. Neale Branston. 
 
 (7 blocks.) 
 
 Title-page Willement Branston. 
 
 (8 blocks, and one working in gold.) 
 
 Tiger and Landscape W. M. Craig Branston. 
 
 (13 blocks ; outline block in sepia.) 
 
 Cottage and Landscape J. Varley * J. Thompson. 
 
 (14 blocks.) 
 
 Mercy W. H. Brooke G. W. Bonner. 
 
 (29 blocks and 30 tints in working.) 
 
 Jerusalem Delivered J. Thurston C. Nesbit. 
 
 Cave of Despair Thurston Branston. 
 
 There is a copious index, and impres- 
 sions of the blocks after they were 
 obliterated. A large-paper edition was 
 printed, with all the luxuries of wide 
 margins, fine paper, and exquisite press- 
 work. The book is somewhat discur- 
 sive, but it will always be regarded as a 
 monument of the patience, technical 
 skill, and artistic taste of its author. 
 
 Hansard, in the “Typographia” (1825), 
 published three years after, devotes a 
 chapter near the end of the book to 
 Savage’s system of printing. Although 
 Hansard was distinguished by his readi- 
 ness to welcome anything which he 
 deemed an improvement in the printing 
 art, and generally speaks in a fair and un- 
 biassed manner of the different innovations 
 that were being introduced at the time, 
 he could not, as a practical man, give his 
 approbation to Savage’s method. His 
 •views on this subject are worth quoting 
 in this connexion. He says : “ This 
 subject of fancy has lately been revived 
 by the work of Mr. William Savage, a 
 printer of acknowledged ingenuity and 
 talent, but whose labours in this perform- 
 ance have been applied, I fear, more 
 towards the honour of the art than to his 
 own emolument.” Further, that the rea- 
 son the art was not previously perse- 
 vered in "was, “ its total inutility,” a 
 reason that would render it futile to 
 attempt to revive it. In regard to the 
 letter B of the Psalter, Hansard shows 
 
 that the two blocks forming it 'can be as 
 well produced by stereotype, and gives 
 a specimen of the letter. Taking up, 
 however, the pictures done by Savage at 
 the letter-press, he pertinently claims that 
 some little consideration ought to “be 
 given to that important question by the 
 solution of which the more or less general 
 adoption of every art and science must 
 be regulated ; namely, cui bono ? * * * 
 The picture illustrative of Collins’s ‘ Ode 
 on Mercy,’ which was intended as the 
 chef-d’aezivre of this decorative printing, 
 is produced from 29 blocks ! 30 colours 
 and tints to work one quarto leaf 29 times 
 over ! ! Now, let the mind run over the 
 probable cost to employ a journeyman 
 capable of such work, and guess if some- 
 thing like the following may not be given 
 as the probable result : — 
 
 29 blocks, making ready, preparing 
 colour, beating, and pulling, at 
 least four times the fc^rne of the 
 operations of a fornv^af the work 
 quarto ; multiplied by 
 
 1 16 multiplied by 
 4 pages in a form. 
 
 464 times the cost of printing a page of 
 fine type-work, exclusive of the 
 expense of the designer, engraver, 
 and box-wood. 
 
3 °° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 If for studies or pictures this expense 
 could be borne, it is very plain that in 
 book decorations it is not likely to 
 answer ; if 500 facsimiles were wanted of 
 the picture of ‘ Mercy,’ print it in outline, 
 and the first artists in the country would 
 be glad to colour them up to pattern for 
 one-fourth of the money, and produce 
 something like a finished specimen. I 
 think this picture-print of ‘ Mercy ’ a 
 monstrous abortion — it is horrible — its 
 only merit is in the patience and diffi- 
 culty with which it was gestated and 
 brought to parturition. I could wish, as 
 Dr. Johnson said of the lady’s piece of 
 difficult music, it had been impossible. 
 Some other specimens in colours, where 
 so much has not been aimed at, are so 
 much the better ; the less that has been 
 attempted, the less is the failure.” Han- 
 sard did not anticipate the revolution 
 which machinery has brought about. 
 Typographic printing in polychrome is 
 now an every-day operation, and jotftnals 
 of immense circulation like the Graphic 
 find it practicable to print one side of the 
 paper of special numbers in any number 
 of colours required. Mr. Hansard says, 
 however : “ Mr. Savage’s work upon the 
 more ordinary operations of printing 
 contains a great deal of curious and 
 interesting matter,” and thus praises 
 Branston’s engraving, after a design by 
 Thurston : — “ In this picture the mind is 
 refreshed by, and at last rests delighted 
 upon, every excellence that wood- 
 engraving and type-printing ever did or 
 ever will effect.” It was the same pic- 
 ture that was given by Dibdin in the 
 second edition of his “ Bibliomania ” 
 (sup. part vi., “The Alcove”), accom- 
 anied by the highest eulogium. Judged 
 y a modern standard, however, the 
 merits of the engraving do not sustain the 
 estimate of Savage, Hansard, and Dibdin; 
 but it is probable that to this collec- 
 tion of specimens of wood-engraving, 
 rather than to the examples of Bewick, 
 which were in style quite different, may 
 be attributed the recent advances made 
 in the art, especially in America. 
 
 William Savage was a printer of 
 high reputation, and the author of several 
 standard works on the typographic art. 
 He was born at Howden, in Yorkshire, 
 where he commenced business in 1790, as 
 a printer and bookseller, in partnership 
 with his brother James. In 1797 he re- 
 moved to London, where he obtained 
 employment as a printer, and subse- 
 quently was appointed Superintendent of 
 the Printing-office of the Royal Institu- 
 tion of Great Britain, a position which, 
 
 unfortunately for himself, he relinquished 
 to set up in business on his own account. 
 The bibliomania which prevailed at the 
 time had attracted much attention to the 
 subject of fine printing, and the book- 
 buying public manifested a remarkable 
 predilection for works that were illus- 
 trated in the most sumptuous and almost 
 extravagant manner. Savage believed 
 that this taste justified him in the enter- 
 prise of issuing a work showing the 
 capabilities of the letter-press tor the 
 production of polychromatic, or, as he 
 called it, “decorative” printing. In this 
 spirit was commenced the “ Practical 
 Hints on Decorative Printing ” ; but 
 Savage, after working upon it for several 
 years, found it was an undertaking alto- 
 * gether beyond his resources. He had 
 circulated elaborate prospectuses of the 
 book, which were very favourably re- 
 ceived, especially by the dilettanti and 
 the members of the Roxburgh Club. 
 The printing trade, however, to a large 
 extent refrained from giving the scheme 
 their support, although the names of 
 several of their most eminent members 
 appear in the list of subscribers. In the 
 spring of 1820, Savage disposed of his 
 interest in the work to a gentleman 
 whose name is not given, and who, as the 
 author says in a note appended to 
 the Preface, * ‘ resolved, in the most 
 liberal manner, to make it as perfect as 
 possible, at a great additional expense to 
 himself, which, he voluntarily incurred, 
 that every promise, and even hint, which 
 I had given to the public should be 
 fulfilled. He has had completed and 
 printed many subjects that I had deter- 
 mined not to give, and he has, at a con- 
 siderable cost, added one subject taken 
 from Collins’s ‘ Ode on Mercy,’ painted 
 expressly for the work, by W. H. 
 Brooke, Esq., which for the number of 
 blocks, the combinations of colours and 
 tints, and the difficulty of printing, sur- 
 passes, I believe, every previous attempt 
 by the type press.” 
 
 The book on “ Decorative Printing ” 
 was followed, in 1832, by that on the “ Pre- 
 paration of Printing Ink,”and in 1841 by 
 the “ Dictionary of the Art of Printing.” 
 Of this, the author said that it was the 
 work of his old age, and embraced all 
 the information of which half a century 
 of practical experience had possessed 
 him. It was his last work ; he died in 
 1843, at the age of seventy- three. His 
 brother James, already referred to, also 
 removed to London, but applied himself 
 chiefly to literary pursuits. He was for 
 many years a regular contributor to the 
 current magazines, and was the editor of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 301 
 
 several useful works. He obtained the search. He devoted himself, in parti- 
 appointment of Assistant Librarian of cular, to Bibliography, and compiled and 
 the Royal Institution of Great Britain, edited the Librarian , a periodical work 
 which gave him well-appreciated oppor- treating of scarce, valuable, and curious 
 tunities for systematic study and re- English books and manuscripts. 
 
 — On the Preparation of Printing Ink, both black and coloured. 
 London : 1832. 8vo. pp. 185. 
 
 Moxon, in the “ Mechanick Exercises,” 
 1636, was the first English writer who 
 taught how to make printing-ink. In 
 1723, Fertel, in his “ Histoire de l’lm- 
 primerie,” gave an imperfect account. 
 The “Encyclopedic Methodique” fol- 
 lowed, in 1751, with an article by Le 
 Breton. Papillon wrote a special Trea- 
 tise, Paris, 1766. Nicholson gave a loose 
 
 account. Lewis, in 1763, wrote an article 
 in the “ Philosophical Commerce of Arts,” 
 and also in Rees’s “Cyclopaedia,” 1819. 
 The “Encyclopaedia Britannica ” gave a 
 good and original article. All, however, 
 were superseded by Savage, whose work 
 became the only authority upon the 
 manufacture of printing-ink, but it is now 
 obsolete. 
 
 — Printing Ink. [Article in The Monthly Review , vol. 131, 
 p. 221, London.] 
 
 Saxius (Joseph Antonio) \i. e., Sassi (G. A.)]. Historia Literario- 
 Typographica Mediolanensis, in qua, de studiis literariis antiquis et 
 novis in hac Metropoli institutis : de tempore inductse Mediolanum 
 Typographise : et primis hujus Artis opificibus : de Viris doctrina 
 illustribus, qui Saeculo XV. in eadem Urbe floruere, atque eorun- 
 dem MSStis operibus in Ambrosiana Bibliotheca servatis dis- 
 seritur. Adjecta sunt Appendix Epistolarum, quae libris, tunc 
 ibidem editis, affixae legebantur ; et Catalogus Codicum Mediolani 
 impressorum ab anno MCDLXV. ad annum MD. Mediolani : 
 1745. Folio, pp. xii. 616, and 14 unnumbered leaves of index. 
 
 The work of which the very full and 
 comprehensive title is here given forms 
 the first volume of P. Argelati Bibliotheca 
 Scriptorum. Mediolanensium. 4 vols., 
 folio. 
 
 A magnificent work. After the preface 
 are notices of some of the greatest among 
 the authors whose works are subsequently 
 treated of. Then follows an essay, “ De 
 Studiis literariis mediolanensium antiquis 
 et novis ; prodromus ad historiam literario- 
 typographicam Mediolanensium.” As a 
 head-piece is given a copperplate en- 
 graving of the Scholse Palatinae, and as 
 an ornament to the initial a view, also in 
 copperplate, of the Scholae Canobianse. 
 The “ Historia Typographico-literaria 
 Mediolanensis ab anno 1570 usque ad 
 annum 1600 ” begins at p. 73. There is 
 a prolegomena de Scribendi occasione et 
 nonnullis Mediolani in re typographical 
 prime) inventapraerogativis. At the head 
 is a copper-plate view of the Scholae 
 Braydenses ; over the initial, one of the 
 Scholae Crassae. Chap. IV. is devoted to 
 notices of the following illustriousMilanese 
 printers : Antonius Zaratus, Philippus 
 
 Lavania, Christophorus Waldarfer, Jo- 
 hannes Werster, Dionysius Paravisinus, 
 Dominicus de Vespolate, Jacobus de 
 Marliar.o, Johannes Antonius and Benig- 
 nus Fratres de Honate, Ludovicus and 
 Albertus Pedemontani, Uldericus Scinz- 
 enzeler and Leonardus Pachel, Simon 
 Magnagus, Conradus Pachel, Jacobus de 
 S. Nazario de Ripa, Philippus Mante- 
 gatius, B. de Castilliono, S. de Pontfe- 
 mulo and H. Germanus, G. le Signerre 
 cum Fratre, G. le Signerre, J. Bissolus, 
 and A. Minutianus. The “Historia 
 Typographico - literaria Mediolanensis ” 
 begins at p. 116, the issues of each year 
 forming a separate chapter. At p. 443 
 begins the “ Epistolae libris editis Medio- 
 lani primo typographicse seculo, olim 
 praefixae nunc iterum recusae.” At the 
 end are copious indexes. The book was 
 printed “ ill aedibus Palatinis, superiorum 
 permissu.” There is a note in manuscript 
 in the British Museum Catalogue as 
 follows : — “ This work is usually prefixed 
 to Argellatis Bibl. Scriptorum Mediola- 
 nensium. The ‘ Mantissa’ has a separate 
 pagination.” 
 
3 02 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 De studiis litterariis Mediolanensium antiquis et novis. 
 
 Prodromus ad historiam literario-typographicam mediolanensem. 
 
 Mediolani : 1729. 8vo. pp. xvi. 256. 
 
 The author describes himself on the title- and many of Maittaire’s conclusions are 
 page as “ SS. Ambrosii et Caroli oblato warmly combated. At the end is a 
 collegio et bibliothecae Ambrosianae prae- valuable list of the most ancient books 
 fecto.” The work gives an exhaustive and manuscripts in the library of Cardinal 
 account of the early typography of Milan, Borromeo. The book is rendered more 
 the theory being propounded that the art convenient for reference by an excellent 
 was introduced there in 1466 (see p. 129), index at the end. 
 
 Scadding (Henry, D.D.). Proto-typography. A paper read at the 
 Canadian Institute Caxton Celebration, Toronto, June 13, 1877. 
 Toronto : 1877. 8vo. pp. 29. 
 
 This pamphlet was published in con- 
 nexion with the Canadian Caxton Cele- 
 bration of 1877. Tne author is a canon 
 of the Cathedral Church of St. James’s, 
 Toronto, but manifestly possesses a very 
 inaccurate knowledge of his subject. His 
 paper embraces many of the exploded 
 errors prevalent concerning the origines 
 typographical % and, although eloquently 
 written, is a most unsatisfactory memento 
 of the Canadian Celebration. 
 
 An octavo catalogue, consisting of 16 
 closely-printed pages, was issued on the 
 occasion of the Celebration, containing 
 lists of the books and pther objects illus- 
 trative of the art of typography that were 
 exhibited. These books were lent by the 
 authorities in charge of the public libraries 
 of Toronto, and by several private ama- 
 teurs in the city and neighbourhood. The 
 following is a list of the classes, which, it 
 will be seen, were very judiciously dis- 
 posed : — 
 
 1 . W orks on the general subj ect of Typo- 
 
 graphy. 
 
 2. Illustrations of the pre-typographic 
 
 period ; alphabets, inscriptions, 
 manuscripts, &c. 
 
 3. Books printed before A.D. 1500. 
 
 4. Books printed a.d. 1509-1600. 
 
 5. Books printed a.d. 1600-1700. 
 
 6. Books printed after a.d. 1700. 
 
 7. Illustrations of the Caxton period in 
 
 England ; reproductions, and re- 
 prints. 
 
 8. Photo-zincographic reproductions in 
 
 facsimile. 
 
 9. Early Bibles in several languages, 
 
 commentaries, &c. 
 
 10. Books from the presses of the Elze- 
 
 virs. 
 
 11. Books from the presses of the Aldi. 
 
 12. Works of Erasmus (early editions). 
 
 13. Curiosities, special editions, &c. 
 
 14. Medals, portraits, photographs, views, 
 
 &c. 
 
 15. Specimens of the early Toronto (York) 
 
 press. 
 
 16. Specimens of the early Quebec press. 
 
 17. Specimens of the early Montreal press. 
 
 18. Specimens of the early Niagara press. 
 
 19. Specimens of the early Kingston 
 
 press. 
 
 20. Specimens of the early Halifax press. 
 
 21. Specimens of the early Boston press. 
 
 22. Specimens of the early Philadelphia 
 
 press. 
 
 The collection, both numerically and 
 intrinsically, was highly creditable to our 
 Canadian fellow-craftsmen. 
 
 Scamoni (Georg). Beobachtungen im Gebiete der Heliographie, 
 einfachen Photographic, Galvanoplastik, Metallatzung, etc. 
 St. Petersburg : 1870. 8vo, pp. 88. 3 plates. 
 
 Handbuch der Heliographie nebst prakiischem Wegweiser im 
 
 Gebiete der beziiglichen Gravirkunst, Metall-Aetzung und 
 Vergoldung, Galvanoplastik, Photosculptur, etc. St. Peters- 
 burg : 1872. Large 8vo. pp. viii. 185. With woodcuts and 2 
 copper-plates. 
 
 The Handbuch is an enlargement of the and photographic department in the 
 “ Beobachtungen,” which formed a special Imperial State-Paper Printing-Office, and 
 report made to the Russian Technical his book may be considered as an epitome 
 Society at St. Petersburg. The author, of his scientific and technical knowledge, 
 a native of Wurzburg, in Germany, is the founded on a long every-day experience, 
 learned and clever manager of the litho 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 303 
 
 Heliographisches Musterheft I. enthaltend 12 Blatt in folio in 
 
 eleg. heliograph. Umschlag. St. Petersburg : 1872. 
 
 Scarabelli (Luciano). Di Panfilo Castaldi. Lettera all’ abate 
 Bernaixli. Bologna : 1866. 8vo. 
 
 Libri degl’ incunaboli della Stampa nella Bibliotheca dell’ 
 
 IJniversita di Genova. [In Giornale delle Biblioteche. Anno III. 
 
 1869. p. 13.] 
 
 Schaab (Carl Anton). Das Jahr 1436, Erfindungsjahr der Buch- 
 druckerkunst : und die Bildung einer Jury iiber das Sakularjahr. 
 Mainz : 1837. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 — Die Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst durch Joh. 
 Gensfleisch, genannt Gutenberg, zu Mainz, pragmatisch aus den 
 Quellen bearbeitet ; mit mehr als dritthalb Hundert noch unge- 
 druckten Urkunden, welche die Genealogie Gutenberg’s, Fust’s 
 und Schoffer’s in ein neues Licht stellen. Mainz : 1830-1831. 8vo. 
 3 vols. : vol. i., pp. xii. 631, with portrait of Gutenberg ; vol. ii ., 
 pp. vi. 582, with 3 folding plates and portrait of Fust; vol. iii., 
 pp. xvi. 548, with portrait of Schoffer. 
 
 The unsold copies of this work were 
 issued, with a new title, as a second 
 edition in 1855, in 8vo. The book is not 
 without its merits. The author has en- 
 deavoured to place himself exclusively 
 on historical ground, and in this has not 
 altogether failed. But occasionally he 
 has been unable to distinguish truth 
 from fiction, and, as a matter of course, 
 his bibliographical descriptions and his 
 reasonings are now, in some instances, 
 obsolete. On the whole, however, the 
 work is written in a critical but impartial 
 spirit. It includes many documents pub- 
 lished for the first time. Unfortunately, 
 a great number of them had belonged to 
 Prof. Bodmann, and one of the features 
 of Schaab’s work is its exposure of the 
 frauds of this Professor, referred to 
 elsewhere in this Bibliography, s. v. 
 Strassburg, Typography, et passim. 
 
 Of this undoubtedly learned, but very 
 unscrupulous archivist, Schaab says that 
 he “was so versed in the documental 
 language of the Middle Ages that he 
 was .able to imitate every kind of writing 
 of all ages, apd to prepare documents 
 
 of all kinds. Of this capacity he con- 
 stantly and everywhere boasted. He 
 could draw the most perfect seals with 
 the utmost facility, and he left behind 
 several thousands of them, among them 
 those of Gensfleisch with the pilgrim, in 
 all shapes. Bodmann probably considered 
 it, as was his wont, a good joke or an 
 innocent thing, to assist with his inventive 
 imagination his colleagues, Fischer and 
 Oberlin, who worked in 1800-1802 at a 
 history of Gutenberg’s invention, and 
 hunted everywhere for Donatus fragments 
 and remains of Gutenberg, to fill up 
 the gaps in Gutenberg’s life from 1420-30, 
 and from 1455-1460.” — Hessels. 
 
 Bodmann’s papers came into the hands 
 of Schaab, who found amongst them at 
 least three documents, published in be- 
 half of Gutenberg’s biography, that 
 were forgeries. 
 
 Schaab’s comments on the proceedings 
 in the memorable lawsuit of 1455 are 
 worth reading. An English translation 
 is given in Hessels’ “ Gutenberg ” (q. v.), 
 pp. 66, 67 . — See also Schinkel, A. D., 
 post. 
 
 Kritische Bemerkungen iiber Dahls neueste Schrift : Peter 
 
 Schoffer, Miterfinder der Buchdruckerkunst. (Mainz : 1832.) 
 Mainz : 1833. Large 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 A wretchedly-printed pamphlet in a blue sugar-paper wrapper. Schaab describes 
 himself on the title as “Richter des Kreisgerichts zu Mainz, Ritter des Grossherzogl. 
 Hessischen Ludewigs-Ordens erster Klasse.” 
 
304 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 — Randglossen zu den Phantasien und Traumereien des Pseudo- 
 geistes Johann Gensfleisch, genannt Gutenberg, an Dr. C. A. 
 Schaab und den Ausschuss zur Errichtung des Denkmals zu 
 seiner Ehre zu Mainz. Utrecht, bei Robert Natan und gedruckt 
 zu Haag 1835. zwei Anhangen : I. Historischer Beweis, 
 
 dass die vierte Jubelfeier der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst in 
 dem laufenden Jahre 1836 eintrete und nicht im Jahre 1840 oder 
 einem andern konne gefeiert werden. II. Ueber die Monu- 
 
 mentsache und was seit dre 
 Mainz: 1836. 8vo. pp. viii. 
 
 An interesting little work, unfortunately 
 very rare. At the end are certain pro- 
 posed eulogiums of the printing art, which 
 deserve to be transcribed. Each was 
 compiled by the representatives of one of 
 the cities taking part in the festival. 
 
 “ In aeternum libertatis ingeniorum 
 hac arte in perpetuum vindicatae memo- 
 riam ex aere per totam Europam collato, 
 posuerunt Moguntini, 1836. 
 
 “ Cum insitas in animas hominum, turn 
 sensibus perceptas, animantium figuris 
 adumbravit, hermes ACgyptius. Humani 
 sermonis multiplices vocalesque sonos, 
 paucis literarum elementis adstrinxit Cad- 
 mus phoenix ; cultiori loquelae accomoda- 
 verunt Palamedes Simonidesque Graeci ; 
 Saxo,_iEre, Membrana, Papyro, aliaque 
 materia incluserunt, Barbari, Hellenes, 
 Romani. Solido primum ligno, dein 
 sequaci stanno coelavit solubiles typos ; 
 linteaque in pagina perenni charactere 
 consignavit : dei oracula, naturae mysteria, , 
 
 See SCHELTEMA. 
 
 issig Jahren darin geschehen ist. 
 
 138. 
 
 memoriam rerum, decreta principum, 
 philosophorum placita, prudentum re- 
 sponsa, consilia medicorum, mortalium 
 omnium sensa, vota, desideria Johannes 
 Gutenberg, Germanus,gratatur Germania, 
 Europa, terrarum orbis. Monumentum 
 consecrat. civi immortali, Moguntia, 1836. 
 
 “ Johannis Gensfleisch dicte Gutenberg, 
 benefactoris totius orbis, dedicatum aere 
 "Europae universae.” 
 
 “ Beneficii tandem memor. ‘ Fuit homo 
 missus a Deo, cui nomen erat Johannes.’ ” 
 (John i. 6.) 
 
 “ Tarda notis vocis tenuit Scriptura 
 volucres, Scripturam volucrem reddidit 
 arte nova.” 
 
 “ Qui typographicam artem inveniendo, 
 instrumentum doctrinae humanitatis, sta- 
 biliendae propagandae promtissimum idem- 
 que firmissimum generi humano obtulit.” 
 
 Other inscriptions are recorded in a 
 similar fervid tone. 
 
 Schaaff (J. H. L. van der). Levensschetsen van eenige voornaame 
 mannen in Haarlem geboren, of aldaar . . . gewoond hebbende. 
 Haarlem : 1844. 8vo. 
 
 Contains a life of Laurens Janszoon Koster. 
 
 Verhandeling over het nut der boekdrukkunst. Amsterdam : 
 
 1823. 8vo. 
 
 Schaefer (Dr. Johann Wilhelm). Historischer Bericht von der 
 Erfindung, Verbreitung und Vervollkommnung der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst. Eine Festgabe zur diesjahrigen vierten Sacularfeier. 
 Bremen : 1840. 8vo. Title, pp. 96. Frontispiece of Gutenberg. 
 
 Contains a memoir of Gutenberg and an account of the progress of letterpress 
 printing from its origin. At the end are short notices of the chief printers of Germany, 
 Italy, France, the Netherlands, and England. 
 
 Schaffer (H.). Johann Gensfleisch von Gutenberg. Zur IV. 
 Sacularfeier am 24. Juni 1840. Berlin : 1840. Folio. Lithogr. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 305 
 
 Schaffarik (P. J.). Ueber altslawische, namentlich kyrillische 
 Druckereien in den siidslavischen und den benachbarten Landern, 
 Serbien, Bosnien, Herzegowina, Montenegro, Venedig, in der 
 Walachai und in Siebenbiirgen (Uebersetzung “Casopis Ceskeho 
 Museum”). [In Serapeu/n, \ ol. iv., pp. 321-332.] Leipzig: 
 1843. 8vo. 
 
 Gives particulars relative to the print- 1647. 5. Gorazdje, 1529-1531. 6. Kloster 
 ing-houses of the following places: — Rujani, 1537. 7. Kloster Mileschewa, 
 
 1. Venice, 1493-1638. 2. Cetinje in Mon- 1544-1557. 8. Belgrade, 1552. 9. Kloster 
 tenegro, 1494-1495. 3. Braschow oder Mrkschina-Crkwa, 1562-1566. 10. Ska- 
 Koruna (Kronstadt in Siebenbiirgen). der (Scutari), 1563. 11. Miihlbach. 
 
 4. Trjowischtje in der Walachei, 1512- 12. Dloutepole, 1635. 
 
 Schall (J.). Rapports sur l’imprimerie, la lithographie, la fonderie et 
 la reliure a l’Exposition universelle de 1878. Nancy : 1879. 
 4to. pp. 29. Entirely lithographed. 
 
 Scharff (Gottf. Balth.). Die Hand Gottes bey der vor 300 Jahren 
 erfundenen Buchdruckerkunst, sowohl bey dem Anfang, als bey 
 dem Fortgang derselben. Schweidnitz : 1740. 8vo. 
 
 Schasler (Max). Die culturgeschichtliche Bedeutung der Illustra- 
 tion. [In Die Gegenzvart, June, 1881. Berlin.] 
 
 Die Schule der Holzschneidekunst. Geschichte, Technik und 
 
 Aesthetik der Holzschneidekunst. Mit erlauternden Illustra- 
 tionen. Leipzig : 1866. 8vo. pp. xii. 295. With 58 wood- 
 cuts. 
 
 A comprehensive and well-written guide to the history and technics of the art of 
 wood-engraving. 
 
 Schayes (Ant. Guill. Bern.). Sur l’invention de l’imprimerie. [In 
 Messager des sciences historiques , pp. 422-423.] Gand : 1841. 
 Scheffer (J. G. de Hoop). Coster. [In Nieuwsblad voor den 
 boekhandel , 1866, No. 27.] 
 
 Uitvinding der boekdrukkunst. [In ATavorsc/ier, 1868. 
 
 PP- 497, 593-] 
 
 Scheffeer (J. N.). Neuestes Adressbuch deutscher und auslandi- 
 scher lithographischer Anstalten und Steindruckereien. Leipzig : 
 1872. 8vo. 
 
 [Scheibel (M. J. E.).] Geschichte der seit dreihundert Jahren in 
 Breslau befindlichen Stadtbuchdruckerey, als ein Beitrag zur all- 
 gemeinen Geschichte der Buchdruckerkunst. Breslau : 1804. 
 4to. Preface, pp. vi. ; part i., pp. 28 ; part ii., pp. 86. Por- 
 traits of Fust, Schofifer, Winkler, and Geo. Baumann the younger, 
 also 3 facsimile plates and a pedigree. 
 
 This account of the Grass und Barth subscribers to the work in the most 
 Buchdruckerei was written by Prof, recently-engraved type (nonpareil), thus 
 Scheibel, of Breslau ; the first part of contrasting the oldest and newest types, 
 the work consists of three engraved plates — The second part is a chronological 
 of facsimile writing from the eighth to the history of the Breslau Stadtbuch- 
 thirteenth centuries, followed by a short druckerey, from Conrad Baumgarthen, 
 History of the Discovery of Printing, 1504, to Grass and Barth, 1804. The sup- 
 printed with types made for the purpose, plement is an account of all the printers 
 and in exact imitation of those used by in Silesia up to the year 1804. There is 
 Fust for the Bible of 1462, and a list of a large folding genealogy at the end. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 R 
 
306 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 SCHELER (August). Christoph Plantin. [In Scrapeum , vol. vii. , 
 pp. 321-329.] Leipzig : 1846. 
 
 Geschichte tier Entstehung der beriihmten Plantin’schen 
 
 Polyglottenbibel und Biographie des mit dieser beauftragten 
 Benedito Arias Montano. [In Serapeum, vol. vi., pp. 241-25 1 
 et pp. 265-272 (1845), continuation in vol. xiv., pp. 1 70-1 73 
 ( 1853 ).] 
 
 La maison F. A. Brockhaus a Leipzig. [In Bulletin du Bibl. 
 
 beige , tom. xiv., pp. 1 25—13 1 . ] Bruxelles : 1858. 
 
 Leben und Wirken des Buchdruckers Theodoricus Martinus 
 
 Alustensis. [In Serapeum , vol. vii., pp. 209-219, 221-234, 
 241-249; 257-265.] Leipzig: 1846. 
 
 An epitome of J. de Gand’s “Recherches historiques et critiques sur la vie et les 
 
 editions de Thierry Martens.” 
 
 Schelhorn or Schellhorn (Johann Georg). Amcenitates Historic 
 Ecclesiastics et Literarioe. 2 vols. Francofurti et Lipsise : 
 1737 - 1738 . 8vo. 
 
 — Amoenitates literariae quibus variae observationes scripta item 
 quaeaam anecdota et rariora opuscula exhibentur. Editio altera 
 correction 14 vols. Francofurti et Lipsiae : 1725-31. i2mo. 
 
 Throughout this voluminous work there 
 are notices of early editions, along with a 
 vast amount of polemical and theological 
 matter. The first chap., vol. I., is headed: 
 “Notitia libri rarissimi, sub ipsis typo- 
 graphic inventse initiis excusi.” The 
 second volume begins (at p. 321) with a 
 “ Dissertatio de libris rarioribus, et variis 
 raritatis eorum causis”; divided thus : 
 i., Libri sub ipsis typographic pri- 
 mordiis excusi ; ii., libri paulo post typo- 
 graphiam inventam impressi ; iii., libri 
 a celebrioribus scculi XVI. typographis 
 exscripti ; iv., libri publica autkoritate 
 suppressi ; v. , libri a privatis suppress! ; 
 vi., libri ab ipsis vel autoribus vel 
 editoribus suppressi; vii., libri quorum 
 pauca exempla sunt impressa ; viii., libri 
 quos adversa fata suppresserunt ; ix., libri 
 quorum plurima exempla in regiones ex- 
 teras avehuntur ; x., libelli minutiores ; 
 xi., libri apud exteros excusi ; xii., libri 
 
 neglecti ; xiii., prcstantiores et incor- 
 ruptc quorundam librorum editiones — all 
 of which contain typographical details. 
 The fourth volume includes a chapter 
 “ Notitia rarissimi cujusdam primigenic 
 typographic monumenti”; another, “De 
 artis typographicc originibus.” The ninth 
 volume contains : “ De artis primitiis 
 typographic^ Harlemensibus et Uffen- 
 bachiansis.” Each volume has a full 
 index. 
 
 There is another edition in the British 
 Museum, also in 14 vols., but the dates of 
 publication extend from 1725 to 1730. It 
 is quite distinct from that mentioned 
 above, and much better printed. 
 
 References occur in Mr. Hessels’ 
 “ Gutenberg ” to a treatise by Schelhorn, 
 entitled “ Ergotzlichkeiten,” published 
 at Ulm in 1763 ; also to an edition of the 
 “Amoenitates Litteraric,” bearing date 
 1720. 
 
 De Antiquissima Latinorum Bibliorum editione seu primo Ar- 
 tis Typographicae foetu et librorum rariorum phoenice, Diatribe. 
 Ulm : 1 760. Small 4to. pp. 36. 
 
 A somewhat curious little work, with in pica italic, which gives the pages an 
 the imprint, “ Vlmc, ex officina Wagneri, unusual appearance. On the title-page 
 cancellaric Vlmensis typographii et So- is a quaint woodcut. A stalwart man 
 ciet. dvc. Helmst. tert. adscripti.” The stands defiantly on one side of a wide- 
 text is set in long primer leaded, but running stream ; on the other side are 
 wherever there is a proper name it is put lions, tigers, serpents, and other for- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 307 
 
 midablc creatures, desirous evidently of title, and the largest letters have been 
 a closer acquaintance ; above is the motto, used for it. It is.: “Ad eminentissimum 
 “Volunt sed non possunt.” The dedi- acreverendissimum principem dominicum 
 cation occupies the largest part of the Cardin. Passioneum.” 
 
 Recensuit, annotationes, rerumque notabiliorum indicem 
 
 adjecit, et diatribam prreliminarem de variis rebus, ad natales artis 
 typographic^ delucidandos facientibus prtemisit Jo. Greg. Schel- 
 hornius. Lindaugiae : 1761. 4to. pp. 266. ’5 leaves of index 
 and facsimiles. 
 
 See Maittaire ; Quirini. 
 
 Schellenberg (Johann Rudolph). Kurze Abhandlung iiber die 
 Aetzkunst. Winterthur : 1795. 8vo. pp. 51. Plates. 
 
 Scheli.horn. — See Schelhorn, supra. 
 
 Scheltema (Jacobus). Bericht und Beurtheilung des Werkes von 
 Dr. C. A. Schaab, befitelt : Die Geschichte der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst durch Johann Gensfleisch, genannt Gutenberg, 
 zu Mainz. (Translated from the Dutch by H. Pfaff. ) Amster 
 dam : 1833. 8vo. pp. iv. 228. 
 
 Berigt en beoordeeling van het werk van Mr. C. A. Schaab 
 
 getiteld : “ De geschiedenis der uitvinding van de Boekdrukkunst 
 door Johann Gensfleisch, genaamd Gutenberg, te Mentz.” 
 Utrecht : 1832. 8vo. pp. xiv. 232. 
 
 Conspectus of berigt aangaande de verhandeling van Jacobus 
 
 Koning, over de uitvinding, verbetering en volmaking der Boek- 
 drukkunst. Amsterdam : 1817. 8vo. 
 
 De geloofwaardighird van Adrianus Junius gehandhaafd, ten 
 
 opzigte van zijne berigten aangaande de uitvinding en beoelening 
 der Boekdrukkunst te Haarlem. [Haarlem] : 1834. 8vo. Por- 
 trait of Junius. 
 
 [ ] Der Geist Johann Gensfleisch’s genannt Gutenberg an Dr. C. 
 
 A. Schaab, und den Ausschuss zur Errichtung des Denkmals zu 
 seiner Ehre zu Mainz. Utrecht : 1835. 8vo. pp. iv. 66. 
 
 The author thinks that the Dutch ascription to Koster, “ Laus Urbi, Lux Orbi,” 
 is a mistake for “ Stultitia Urbis, Laetitia Orbis.” 
 
 — Geschied- en letterkundig mengelwerk. 6 vols. Amsterdam : 
 1818-1836. 8vo. 
 
 Contains many articles relating to the 
 history of the invention of Printing : — 
 
 Berigt en beoordeeling van de verhande- 
 ling van Jacobus Koning : over de 
 uitvinding, verbetering en volmaking 
 der boekdrukkunst, vol. i., p. 2 ; pp. 180 
 _ 2 57 - 
 
 Eenige der toevoegsels gegeven aan het 
 “Berigt” en de beoordeeling van het 
 werk van Mr. C. A. Schaab, bij de 
 vertaling van hetzelve in het Hoog- 
 duitsch, vol. v., p. 3; pp. 73-118. 
 
 lets over het vroeger verschil tusschen 
 C. Dahl en C. A. Schaab, aangaande 
 de verdiensten van Peter Schoffer je- 
 gens de boekdrukkunst, en over de 
 latere geschriften deswege tusschen 
 C. A. Schaab en P. H. Ktilb gewisseld, 
 vol. v., p. 3 ; pp. 118-153. 
 
 Berigt aangaande eene merkwaardige 
 recensie van het werk van Mr. Schaab, 
 voorkomende in- de Jenaische Allge- 
 meine Litter atur Zeitung, Julij, 1833, 
 van No. 133-136 of bl. 98-123, vol. v., 
 p. 3 : pp. 154-178. 
 
3°8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Levensschets van Laurens Janszoon 
 Koster, vol. v., p. 3 ; pp. 179-210. 
 
 Aanhangsel over het gebeurde tusschen 
 1439 en 1478 in betrekking tot de oudste 
 drukkerij te Haarlem, vol. v., p. 3 ; 
 pp. 21 1-233. Narede, id. id., pp. 234- 
 240. 
 
 De geloofwaardigheid van Adrianus 
 Junius gehandhaafd, vol. vi., p. 1 ; 
 pp. 1-148. 
 
 Berigt aangaande twee oude werken, 
 getiteld : Der bien boek en de Dialogen 
 der creaturen, beide gedrukt in 1488 
 . . . vol. vi., p. 1 ; pp. 149-194. 
 
 lets ovdr den Donaat, in klein quarto 
 met 27 regels, welke te Mentz met 
 Haarlemmer letters gedrukt is, vol. vi., 
 p. 1 ; pp. 237-245. 
 
 lets over de honderd acht en twintig 
 jaren, in het verhaal van Junius, vol. 
 vi., p. x ; pp. 246-251. 
 
 Nalezingen op de Levensschets van 
 Laurens Janszoon Koster, vol. vi., 
 p. 1 ; pp. 252-270. 
 
 Berigt aangaande het stuk van Dr. G. 
 C. Braun . . . getiteld : Narede op 
 Scheltema’s “Narede” over de con- 
 trasten tusschen de eeuwfeesten te 
 Haarlem in 1823 en te Mentz in 1836, 
 met de beantwoording, etc., uitgegeven 
 •door C. A. Bergsma, vol. vi., p. 2 ; 
 pp. 1-52. 
 
 Some of these valuable articles have 
 been separately published. 
 
 Lettre a J. Koning (sur l’invention de l'imprimerie). La 
 
 Haye : 1819. 8vo. 
 
 Lettre a MM. les redacteurs de la Galerie des Contemporains 
 
 sur la necessite de rectifier et completer l’article concernant M. J. 
 Koning. La Haye : 1819. 8vo. pp. 40. 
 
 J. Scheltema is described on the title- by Van Lennep. This “ Letter” first of 
 page as a Chevalier of the Ordre du Lion all quotes the article in full, and then 
 Neederlandais, a member of the Institut replies to the statements contained 
 Royal des Pays-Bas, of the Societe therein that were adverse to the claims of 
 Imperiale of Moscow, and of those of Koster. Following is an authentic me- 
 Haarlem, St. Petersburg, Leiden, &c. moir of Koning and his works. 
 
 The article here criticised was written 
 
 — Over het werk : Bartholomeus Engelschman (de Glanvilla) Pro- 
 prieteiten der .dingen. Haarl. 1485. Beoordeeling v. het werk v. 
 Schaab. Levensschets v. Koster, enz. (Mengelwerk. V.). Utrecht : 
 1834. 8vo. 
 
 Voorloopig berigt aangaande de beantwoording van het 
 
 werk van C. A. Schaab, getiteld : “ Geschichte der Erfindung 
 der Buchdruckerkunst.” [In Algemeene konst- en letterbode , 1832, 
 vol. i.] Haarlem : 1832. 
 
 Scheltema (Jacobus) en Koning (J.). Vier brieven gewisseld tus- 
 schen Mr. Jacobus Scheltema en Jacobus Koning over de laatste 
 tegenspraak van het regt van Haarlem, op de uitvinding der 
 drukkunst. Haarlem : 1823. 8vo. pp. 37. 
 
 Consists entirely of letters written by have been quite superseded by later 
 Koning and Scheltema. researches. His books, however, mark 
 
 The circumstances under which Schel- some of the successive stages of the dis- 
 tema engaged in the Kosterian contro- cussion between Germany and Holland, 
 versy of 1830-1845 are referred to j. v. A critical and analytical notice of the 
 Schinkel. Scheltema was a most labori- works of Scheltema appeared in the 
 ous, and, no doubt, a most conscientious journal Vaderlandsche letteroe/eningen, 
 investigator, but the results of his work July, 1823, pp. 342-349. 
 
 See Schaab. 
 
Bibliography of Printmg. 
 
 3°9 
 
 ScheltemA (Petrus). Diatribe in Hadriani Junii vitam, ingenium, 
 familiam, merita literaria, quam, quod deus bene vertat, ex 
 auctoritate rectoris magnifici, etc., etc., submittit Petrus Scheltema. 
 Amstelodami : 1836. 8vo. pp. 104. Portrait and plate of 
 arms. 
 
 A notice of the “ Batavia’’ is on pp. 71-75. 
 
 Het leven en de letterkundige verrigtingen van den geschied- 
 
 schrijver Mr. Jacobus Scheltema. Amsterdam: 1849. Royal 8vo. 
 5 unnumbered leaves, and pp. 202. Portrait. 
 
 Rembrandt Redevoering over het leven en de verdiensten van 
 
 Rembrandt van Rhyn. Met eene menigte geschiedkundige 
 bijlagen meerendeels uit echte bronnen geput. Amsterdam : 1853. 
 8vo. pp. xii. 122. Portrait. 
 
 A translation into French, by A. Willems, of this essay on the life and genius of 
 Rembrandt was published at Brussels in 1859. 
 
 Schenck (F. ). A Short Treatise on Lithography. [An article in 
 the “ Encyclopaedia Britannica ” ; reprinted in th z Lithographer, 
 October and November, 1870.] 
 
 The author was a practical and well- traiture, introducing into its atelier many 
 known artistic lithographer, and, together first-class artists who have since acquired 
 with Mr. M'Farlane, founded the litho- celebrity. Mr. M'Farlane died in October, 
 graphic firm of Schenck & M'Farlane in 1875, the firm having previously become 
 Edinburgh. This house became second M'Farlane & Erskine, and it is still car- 
 to none in the production of chalk por- ried on by the last-named. 
 
 Scherer (Rudolph). Lehrbuch der Chemigraphie und verwandten 
 Facher. Zum Gebrauch fur Buchdrucker, Lithographen, Photo- 
 graphen. Wien [Munich] : 1877. Large 8vo. pp. iv. 112. 
 
 The most complete work on the subject Riickblick, Photozincographie, Farben- 
 of process-engraving that has yet ap- plattenatzung ; with a Repertorium: Vor- 
 peared. It gives full directions for the schriften zur Anfertigung der chemi- 
 practice of each of the known methods of graphischen Hiilfsmittel. The book forms 
 chemigraphy, and there are numerous one of a technical series issued by Messrs, 
 illustrations elucidating the text. The Lehmann & Wentzel, technical and art 
 contents include : Einleitung, praktischer publishers, 17, Opernring, Vienna. ' 
 Theil, die Scharfatzung, Nachatzung, 
 
 Scherrer (Prof. G. ). Verzeichniss der Incunabeln der Stiftsbiblio- 
 thek von St. Gallen, nebst Einblattdrucken. St. Gallen : 1881. 
 8vo. 
 
 Scheurmann. Printing Music. 
 
 The object of Mr. Scheurmann’s 
 patented inventions was to improve the 
 process of engraving and printing music. 
 His mode of procedure was to set up 
 the notes and various characters in one 
 form, and the staves, formed of brass 
 rules, in another, bringing the two 
 together for printing. Both forms were 
 placed upon the same table, and good 
 register secured in two pulls. The main 
 
 London : 1856. 8vo. 
 feature of the process consisted in im- 
 pressing the two forms into one mould, 
 and from that mould producing a perfect 
 electro music-plate. Mr. Scheurmann 
 ruined' himself in the endeavour to perfect 
 his process, and the remains of his plant 
 was exhibited at the Caxton Exhibition, 
 1878, as the property of Messrs. Hen- 
 derson & Rait. 
 
310 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Schiavo (Domenico). Delle prime stampe di Sicilia. In memorie 
 per servire alia storia letteraria di Sicilia. 
 
 A work issued at intervals. The references to the history of printing will be found 
 in vol. i., part i., p. 3 ; part vi., pp. 3-13, 15 ; vol. ii. , p. 3. 
 
 Schickler (Marius). Rapport sur le troisieme congres ouvrier de 
 France, presente par le delegue de la Chambre syndicate des 
 ouvriers typographes de Marseille a l’Assemblee generate du 
 21 Decembre 1879. Marseille : 1880. 8vo. pp. 20. 
 
 SCHIEDAM : 1498. 
 
 Schiedam, Unknown printer at. 
 
 This device, which is erroneously at- 
 tributed to Brugman by Mr. J. Ph. Ber- 
 jeau, is only known to have been found in 
 two books, which were printed in the 15th 
 century at Schiedam. The first of these 
 had the date 1498, and is entitled : “Vita 
 Lydwinas,” with this colophon: “Hoc 
 opus, Dei favente gratia expletum Scie- 
 dammis, anno 1498. Ad individue trini- 
 tatis honorem necnon alme virginis Lijd- 
 wine sciedammite precipue impressum, 
 cujus historiograph us fr. Joh. Brugman, 
 ordinis observant, predicatorum, extitit 
 egregius qui hanc edidit historiam.” It 
 is a very rare work, and highly prized. 
 
 The device consists of an angel holding 
 in each hand a shield. One shield con- 
 tains the arms of the city of Schiedam, a 
 lion rampant ; the other, three hour- 
 glasses. The book is ornamented with a 
 great number of plates, of which Renou- 
 vier (“ Histoire de la Gravure,” pp. 311, 
 312) gives an account, commending them 
 for their execution. The type resembles 
 in many respects that of Gotfried de Os, 
 but one of the initials is copied from 
 Gerard Leeu. Holtrop acknowledges his 
 failure, after considerable research, to 
 identify this printer. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 3 1 1 
 
 Schif.r (Xystus). Commentatio de Primis Vindobonce Typographis. 
 Vindobonae : 1764. 4to. 
 
 SCHIFFMANN (Frz. Jos.). Samuel Apiarius, der alteste Buchdrucker 
 Solothurns. [In Anzeigerfiir Schweiz. Geschichte , 1879, No. 3.] 
 
 Beitrage zur Druclcgeschichte des Maramotrectus von Bero- 
 
 mlinster. Einsiedeln : 1870. 8vo. I Tit., pp. 88-95. 
 
 Separately printed from the Geschichtsfreund, vol. xxv. 
 
 Zur Schweizer. Druckgeschichte. [Tn Anzeiger f Schweiz. 
 
 A Iterth umsku nde, 1878, No. 4; also in Bibl. de la Suisse , 1878, 
 No. 11.] 
 
 Schill (J. F. A.). De drukpers in Nederl. Indie. Leyde : 1863. 
 8vo. 
 
 Schilter (Johann). Beweiss, dass Strassburg sich gewiss und allein 
 riihmen konne wegen der Erfindung der Buchdruckerey. Arn- 
 stadt : 1740. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 
 Schimmer (Gustav Adolph). Ueber den Buchdrucker Ulrich Han 
 aus Wien, und das Jahr, in welchem die Sacularfeier der Wiener 
 Buchdruckerkunst mit geschichtlicher Begriindung begangen wer- 
 den kann. Wien : 1862. 8vo. pp. 18. 
 
 Schinkel (A. D.). Beschrijving van een Triptikon en een 
 
 Diptikon. s’Gravenhage : 1845. 8vo. (Not printed for sale.) 
 
 Beschrijving van twee prachtexemplaren der in het Fransch 
 
 uitgegeven werken van den Heer A. de Vries, over de uitvinding 
 der boekdrukkunst. ’sGravenhage : 1848. 8vo. pp. 32. 
 (Privately printed.) 
 
 Beschrijving van het in de Koninklijke Bibliotheek te 
 
 ’sGravenhage berustende Handschrift der Batavia, uit de 
 nagelaten schriften van Mr. Gerard van Lennep. ’sGravenhage : 
 1840. 8vo. pp. vi. 20, and a leaf of facsimile. (Not printed 
 for sale. ) 
 
 Geschied- en Letterkundige Bijdragen, met twee facsimiles. 
 
 ’sGravenhage : 1850. 8vo. 
 
 125 copies printed, not for sale. 
 
 Handleiding tot het corrigeeren van drukproeven. ’sGraven- 
 hage : 1838. 8vo. (Not printed for sale. ) 
 
 Handschriften en oude drukken (incunabulen) deel uitmakende 
 
 van de kunst- en letter-verzamelingen van A. D. Schinkel. Met 
 een facsimile. [’sGravenhage] : 1853. 8vo. pp. viii. 47. 
 
 Only 150 copies were printed, and the tract was not published. A supplement 
 
 of 38 pp. was printed in 1857. 
 
 Hedendaagsche voorstelling van Coster en de uitvinding der 
 
 boekdrukkunst in Frankrijk. Uitgegeven tenvoordeele der oprig- 
 ting van een standbeeld voor Laurens. Jansz . Coster. ’sGraven- 
 hage : 1853. 8vo. pp. iv. 32. 
 
 A polemical tract, issued in reply to Lacroix’s publications, and to uphold the 
 
 Kosterian theory. 
 
312 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 hage : 1844. 
 
 In 1843, M. de Vries published his 
 “ Eclaircissements sur l’histoire de l’in- 
 ventionde l’imprimerie, contenant : Lettre 
 h M. A. D. Schinkel, ou rdponse a la 
 notice de M. Guichard sur le Speculum 
 Humana; Salvationis ; dissertation sur le 
 nom de Koster, et sur la pretendue charge 
 de sacristain ; recherches faites a l’occa- 
 sion de la quatrieme fete s^culaire a 
 Haarlem en 1823’’ (see Vries). The 
 book was translated into Dutch by 
 J. J. F. Noordziek, Under-Librarian 
 of the Royal Library of the Hague, 
 and published at the “ Imprimerie 
 de A. D. Schinkel.” In the pre- 
 face of the translator it is remarked, 
 that the Germans, during several cen- 
 turies, had contested with the city of 
 Haarlem the honour of the invention of 
 the art of Printing. Never, during all 
 this time, had they (the Dutch) been 
 deficient in proofs sufficient to disprove 
 the German claims ; but these had always 
 been captiously rejected by their oppo- 
 nents, who relegated Laurens Janszoon 
 among the divinities of the Batavian 
 mythology. To the moderate preten- 
 sions of the Dutch — full, however, of 
 incontestable arguments — had been op- 
 posed a theory altogether fallacious and 
 entirely injurious to Koster and the Dutch 
 nation. The war being carried thus far, 
 
 the Kosterians were placed on the de- 
 fensive, but they had withstood vic- 
 toriously each successive attack of the 
 enemy. Their moderation, too, had 
 gained for them supporters abroad, 
 among whom was the Count de Laborde, 
 who is mentioned with respect. In this 
 way the controversy had reached a posi- 
 tion of what is called the statu qua , 
 when it was renewed by the intervention 
 of M. Guichard, who issued a pamphlet 
 on the subject, a notice of which is given 
 in A Igemeene Konst- en Letter-bode, for 
 1840, p. 235. M. Guichard's statements 
 aroused the Dutch people from the torpor 
 into which they had sunk after having, 
 as they imagined, fully established the 
 claims of Haarlem. It then became 
 necessary for some antiquary to take up 
 the challenge. This was undertaken by 
 M. Scheltema, who also replied to the 
 strictures of M. Schaab. It was about 
 this time that M. de Vries, on the invi- 
 tation of M. Scheltema, addressed him- 
 self to the task of rehabilitating the 
 Kosterian theory. The works of De 
 Vries are duly cited in this Biblio- 
 graphy. It appears that Schinkel 
 largely assisted him in his researches, 
 and defrayed the cost of the French 
 translation of the “Eclaircissements.” • 
 
 Tweetal bijdragen, betrekkelijk de boekdrukkunst. ’sGraven- 
 8vo. pp. 28. (Privately printed.) 
 
 Schinckel (Hermanus). — See Jacob (J. L. C.). 
 
 Schipper (Jan Jacobsz.). Catalogus der keurige Hebreuwsche 
 letteren, en van alle andere Noodwendigheden behorende tot de 
 considerable en van ouds vermaarde Boekdrukkerij weleer behoort 
 hebbende aan de Weduwe van Jan Jacobsz. Schipper, en sedert 
 aan hare Dochter de Weduwe Clyburg, waar onder uitmunten vier 
 geheel gezet staande Bijbels, in verschillende Formaten . . . als 
 mede van de Matrijzen en andere materialen tot de Lettergieterij 
 van de gemelde Weduwe spectereende, en van al wat voorts tot 
 de compleetste Boekdrukkerij en Lettergieterij behoort, waar 
 onder twaalf capitale Drukperssen, enz. al ’t welke publiek en 
 zonder ophouden zal worden verkogt te Amsterdam op de Nieuwe 
 Heeregragt over de Plantagie, op Woensdag den 2 April 1755, ’s 
 Morgens ten 9 en Namiddag ten 2 Uuren, zullende al het zelve 
 Zaturdag den 29 Maart en Dingsdag den eersten April 1755, aldaar 
 te zien zijn. 
 
 There are 146 kinds of Roman and Boot. The titling, initials, and flowers 
 Italic, to which, in the copy before us, make 81 lots. The presses are said to 
 the names of the buyers are added in have copper-faced platens, and stone for 
 pencil, among whom are De Bruyn, tables. The total amount realised by 
 Roman, Van der Putte, Scheurleer, the sale was 9,000 florins. 
 
 H. Brink Koning, Drik, Benmal, and 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3i3 
 
 ' 
 
 SCHLAEPFER (J.). Geschichtlicher Ruckblick auf die Buchdruckerei 
 im K. Appenzell der aussern Rhoden, von ihrer Entstehung im 
 siebzehnten Jahrhundert bis auf die jetzige Zeit. Als Schrift- 
 Proben. Trogen : 1835. Folio? pp. 6. 
 
 Schlegel (Aug. Guil.). Specimen novae Typographic Indicoe. 
 Jussu Ministrorum Regis Borussiae, Serenissimi Principis ab 
 Hardenberg, Cancellarii Status, et Illustrissimi Dynastae ab 
 Altenstein, rerum ecclesiasticarum et eruditionis Prcsidis, publicis 
 sumtibus concinnatae. Litterarum Figuras ad Elegantissimorum 
 Codicum Bibliothecae Regiae Parisiensis Exemplaria Delineavit, 
 etc. Lutetiae Parisiorum : 1821. 8vo. 
 
 Schlegel (Johann Ad. ). Geschichte Gutenbergs und seiner grossen 
 Erfindung, fur das deutsche Volk bearbeitet. Leipzig : 1840. 
 32mo. pp. 40. Frontispiece. 
 
 Ode auf die Buchdruckerkunst. [In the Belustigungen des 
 
 Verstandes und des Witzes. 1743-1744, 1. Semester. Leipzig. 
 8vo. ] 
 
 Schleupner (Christopher). Barsillai Octogenarius : das ist : von 
 Barsillaj Achtzigjahrigem Hochloblichem Alter Leichpredigt, bey 
 Begrabniss des Ehren -Wolgeachten und fromen Alten Urban 
 Gaubischen, weyland Buchdruckers zu Eissleben, gottseligen : 
 welcher Sonnabends den II Januarii, kurtz vor 12 uhrn im Mittage, 
 anno 1612 sanfft entschlaffen : seines alters ohngefehr 90 Jahr : 
 etc. Eissleben: 1616. 4to. pp. 24. 
 
 A funeral sermon on Urban Gaubisch, integerrimi Viri, senioris venerandi, Dn. 
 printer of Eisleben, the birthplace of Urbani Gubisii, Islebiae olim Typographi 
 Martin Luther. Gaubisch died in 1612, solertissimi.” Islebii : 1616. 4to. 8 
 at the age of 90. A rude woodcut por- leaves, with the same portrait of Gaubisch 
 trait of him is on the back of the title, twice inserted, and a large allegorical 
 At the end is : “ Epicedia pijs manibus woodcut on the last page. 
 
 Schlotke (Ferdinand). Das Wappen der Buchdruckerkunst in 
 Typographischem Farbendruck. Bonn : 1857. 8vo. 
 
 Die Buchdruckerkunst auf der Pariser Ausstellung. 1867. 
 
 [In Waldow’s Archiv fur Buchdruckerkunst , 1867, pp. 317-333, 
 and pp. 3 8 i -394>] 
 
 Senefelder- Album, zum 6. November 1871. Hamburg : 1871. 
 
 Large 4to. pp. 185. 
 
 Issued in commemoration of the cen- of eighteen plates, showing the whole 
 tenary of the birth of the inventor of course of lithographic progress from its 
 Lithography. It contains a portrait and beginning to the date of this pub- 
 the autograph of Senefelder, and a series lication. 
 
 Ueber Buchdruckerkunst und verwandte Facher. [Gesellschaft 
 
 zur Beforderung der Kiinste und niitzlichen Gewerbe : Berichte 
 Hamburger Gewerbetreibender iiber die Pariser Ausstellung, 1867.] 
 Hamburg : 1868. 8vo. 
 
 Ferdinand Schlotke was born on tablished himself in 1859, his knowledge 
 May 27th, 1835, at Nievburg, province of the art of Typography being of a very 
 Hanover, and learned the art of printing at elementary kind. A strong liking for the 
 Bergedorf, near Hamburg, where he es- business and steady application soon 
 
 VOL. II. 2 S 
 
 t 
 
3H 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 enabled him, however, to produce work filr Buchdruckerkunst , which post he 
 that met with approbation. In 1864, he again relinquished in the following year, 
 invented a zincographic perfecting- In 1881 he purchased the copyright of the 
 machine, which invention was, however, Journal, since which period he has again 
 not perfected until 1882, and an illustrated presided over its fortunes. Herr Schlotke 
 description of the machine will be found has received various marks of recognition 
 in the Printing Times and Litho- for his productions, and in 1872 the 
 grapher for November. 1882. In 1879 freedom of his native town, Nievburg, 
 he assumed the editorship of the Journal was conferred upon him. 
 
 See Periodical Publications (j. v. Journal fur Buch- 
 druckerkunst), ante. 
 
 Schmaltz (Johann Carl Stephan). Auffbrderung zur Griindung und 
 Vermehrung von ofifentlichen Biichersammlungen, fur Volks- 
 schulen, etc. Als Denkmal der 4oqjahrigen Gedenkfeier der 
 Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. 10. 
 
 Das Jubilaum der Buchdruckerkunst im Jahre 1840. Nebst 
 
 geschichtlichen Nachrichten iiber die Jubelfeiern in den Jahren 
 1540, 1640 und 1740? und Ankiindigung eines Lexikons sammt- 
 licher Buchdrucker und Buchhandler, von Erfindung der Buch- 
 druckerkunst an. Quedlinburg und Leipzig : 1836. 8vo. pp. iv. 
 36 . 
 
 Schmaltz und Vogel (E. F.). Lexicon s'ammtlicher Buchhandler und 
 Buchdrucker aller Lander seit Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst 
 bis auf die neueste Zeit. Leipzig: 1842. Svo. Part i. (all that 
 was issued). 
 
 Schmatz (D. M.). Neu vorgestelltes auf der loblichen Kunst Buch- 
 druckerey gebrauchliches Format- Buch, worinnen allerhand 
 Nichrichtungs-Figuren die Columnen recht auszuschiessen. 
 Sulzbach : 1684. 8vo. 
 
 88 pp. of schemes of imposition and other information for Compositors. Very 
 rude in execution. 
 
 Schmeitzel (Martin). Historische Untersuchung von dem von 
 Kayser Friedrich III. der sammt. Buchdruckergesellschaft 
 ertheilten Wappen. [In “ Oeffentliche Jubelzeugnisse,” pp. 
 265-70.] Halle: 1741. 4to. 
 
 Schmid (Anton). Ottaviano del Petrucci da Fossombrone, der erste 
 Erfinderdes Musiknotendruckes mit beweglichen Metalltypen und 
 seine Nachfolger im sechszehnten Jahrhunderte. Wien : 1845. 
 8vo. pp. xii. 342 ; 25 fac. plates showing the progress of Music- 
 printing with types. 
 
 The bibliographical portion of this quoted second-hand. Of the plates two 
 book appeals to be much better than the only, and those of little value, have 
 typographical account, which does Jittle reference to music, the others being of 
 to advance our knowledge of early type- marks, &c. 
 music. The English references are all 
 
 Schmid (A. E. von). Abdruck der Schriften. Wien : 1827. 4to. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 3 1 5 
 
 Schmidt (Charles). Nouveaux details sur la vie de Jean Gutenberg, 
 tires des archives de l’ancien chapitre de Saint Thomas a Stras- 
 bourg. Strasbourg : 1841. 8vo. pp. 8, in a wrapper. 
 
 The author says that some time pre- 
 viously he bad discovered in the archives 
 of the ancient Chapter of St. Thomas, 
 amongst a quantity of books and manu- 
 scripts, in a confused heap, the copy of 
 a letter containing the name of Jean 
 Gutenberg. He then describes his emo- 
 tions when this morsel of paper, browned 
 with age, came into his hands, and his 
 gratitude that it had been preserved 
 throughout the vicissitudes of four cen- 
 turies. At the time when it passed out 
 of the hands of the copyist it presented 
 no feature of peculiar interest, Guten- 
 berg was not then an historical per- 
 sonage ; but since that time everything 
 appertaining to his career had become of 
 intense interest. Assisted by this piece 
 of paper, M. Schmidt pursued his in- 
 vestigations, and was finally enabled to 
 collect many details concerning the con- 
 
 nexion of Gutenberg with the Chapter of 
 St. Thomas. He then refers to the 
 documents discovered by Schoepflin — 
 the contract, with dates Jan. 12th to 
 March 25th, 1441, relative to an advance 
 of money to one John Karle, in which 
 Jean, called Gensefleisch, also called 
 Gutenberg, of Mayence, is mentioned, 
 and that of the 17th November, 1442, re- 
 ferring to Gutenberg’s appearance before 
 the Episcopal Judge at Strasbourg. 
 These clues led Schmidt to form several 
 conjectures relative to Gutenberg’s career 
 before going to Mayence, and especially 
 in relation to his financial embarrass- 
 ments. The tract is very slight in its 
 material, but it should not be overlooked 
 by biographers of Gutenberg. 
 
 The author is Professor of Theology 
 at Strasbourg. 
 
 Plaintes d’un laique allemand du iv e siecle sur la decadence 
 
 de la Chretiente. Opuscule publie pour la iere fois a l’occasion du 
 iv e anniversaire de l’invention de rimprimerie, d’apres un manu- 
 scrit de la Bibliotheque de Strasbourg. Strasbourg: 1840. 8vo. 
 PP-/S- 
 
 The original manuscript, here reprinted, was burned at the bombardment of 
 Strasbourg in 1870. 
 
 Zur Geschichte der altesten Bibliotheken und der Ersten 
 
 Buchdrucker zu Strassburg. Strassburg : 1882. 8vo. 4 leaves 
 and pp. 200. 
 
 400 copies printed ; 10 copies papier de notices of Strasbourg printers, from John 
 Hollande, not for sale. The first part, Mentel (1466) to 1520, with notices of the 
 relating to the libraries of Strasbourg, first printers at Hagenau and Schlettstadt. 
 with reprints of the fifteenth century cata- '1 he supplement includes reprints of early 
 logues of four of them, is a translation of documents relating to J. Mentel, Adolph 
 articles published in French in the Revue Rusch } and J. Amerbach. 
 d' Alsace; the second part consists of 
 
 Schmidt (Franz). Die Ratdoltischen Drucke der Bibliothek zu 
 Tambach in Franken. [In Serapeum , vol. iv., 1843, No. 22, 
 PP- 349-35 2 ; No. 23, pp. 364-367.] 
 
 Schmidt (G.). Mussestunden. 8. Lieferung. Dresden: 1839. 8vo. 
 
 Contains a poem : “Echo of the fourth Gutenberg Jubilee in Saxony.” 
 Schmidt (Dr. Johann). Gott zu Lob. Drey Christliche Danck 
 Predigten : Wegen ders im Jahr 1440, und also vor zweyhundert 
 Jahren, durch Gottliche Fingebung, in Strasburg erlundenen 
 Piochwerthen thewren Buchtrucker-Kunst : nach Anleitung dess 
 andern versiculs dess ill. Psalms: “Gross sindt die Wercke 
 dess Herrn, wer ihr achtet der hat eitel Lust daran.” In 
 volckreicher Versamlung zu Strasburg Anno 1640, den 18., 25. 
 Augusti und 1. Septembr. gehalten, und, auff Begehren, in Truck 
 
 P 
 
316 
 
 Bibliogi'aphy of Printing. 
 
 gegeben durch Johannem Schmidt, der H. Schrifift Doct. Pro- 
 fessorem Publicum und dess Kirchenconvents Praesidem daselbst. 
 Strasburg: 1641. 4to. pp. 75, including the “ Oratio Joannis 
 
 Boecleri.” Gotha : 1740. Small 8vo. pp. 127. 
 
 Eine christliche Danck-Predigt, wegen der im Jahr 1440 
 
 neu-erfundenen sehr niitzliehen Buchdrucker-Kunst, gehalten in 
 Strassburg, An. 1640. Gott zu Lob, der Kunst zu Ehren 
 also aufgesetzt, und in dieses neue Format gebracht von Jacob 
 Redinger. 1678. 64mo. pp. 39, with two engravings; 
 
 1, Composing-room ; 2, Press-room. 
 
 This little volume, which measures (Psalm cxi. 2), “ The works of the Lord 
 2\ in. by 1$ in., is the sermon of Dr. John are great.” It was afterwards translated 
 Schmidt, preached at Strasburg in 1640, into Latin, and printed in Wolfs “Monu- 
 at the celebration of the second centenary menta.” All the pages in this curious 
 of the invention of Printing, from the text little book are composed lozenge-shape. 
 
 Schmidt (Johann August Friedrich). Handbuch der Bibliotheken- 
 wissenschaft, der Literatur und Biicherkunde. Eine gedrangte 
 Uebersicht der Handschriftenkunde, der Geschichte der Buch- 
 druckerkunst und des Buchhandels. Festgabe zur Sacularfeier 
 der Buchdruckerkunst. Weimar: 1840. 8vo. pp. viii. 472. 
 Schmidt-Weissenfels. Zwolf Buchdrucker. Historisch-novel- 
 listische Bilder der bemerkenswerthesten Zunftgenossen. Stuttgart : 
 1878. i2mo. pp. 140. 
 
 In the form of a novel the life of twelve Guillaume Brune, Beranger, Proudhon, 
 printers is told. Those printers are— Didot (A. F.), and Bayaid Taylor. Some 
 Gutenberg, Etienne, Ballhorn, the last of of them, however, had but the slightest 
 the Elzevirs, the first Turkish printer, practical connexion with the art. 
 
 Samuel Richardson, Benjamin Franklin, 
 
 Schmied (Carl). Die leichteste Erlernung des Notensatzes mit Typen. 
 Nebst Anweisung, wie die fiinf Linien durchlaufend und iiber- 
 haupt die Stiickelungen vermieden werden konnen. Ein Hiilfs- 
 buch fur Schriftsetzer, welche das Notensetzen ohne Anleitung in 
 kurzer Zeit erlernen, fur Schriftgiesser, welche ihren Giesszettel 
 berichtigen wollen, sowie fur Buchdruckereibesitzer und Factoren, 
 die sich von dem richtigen Guss ihrer Noten zu uberzeugen 
 wiinschen. Weimar: 1844. 8vo. pp. iv. 136, and diagrams of 
 compositor’s music-cases. 
 
 One of the most practical guides to setting up music types hitherto published. 
 Schmits (Dr. Augustus). Ueber Rechtschreibung und Druckschrift. 
 Koln : 1876. Large 8vo. pp. iv. 80. 
 
 Reprinted from the Kolnische Zeitung. An appeal for the employment of Roman 
 characters in German printing. 
 
 [Schmitt (Aug.)]. Zum Gedachtniss des Herrn Benedictus Gotthelf' 
 Teubner. Dem Personal der Teubner’schen Geschafte in Leipzig 
 und Dresden und seinen Freunden am Tage der 5ojahrigen Jubel- 
 feier der von ihm gegriindeten Buchdruckerei gewidmet. Leipzig, 
 am 21. Februar 1861. 8vo. With Teubner’s portrait. 
 
 Schmitz (J. P. ). Sonettenalphabet. Huldigung dem Joh. Gutenberg 
 bei der feierlichen Inauguration seines Denkmals. Bingen: 1837. 
 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3i7 
 
 SCHMOTZER (Alexander). Anzeige einiger noch unbekannter alter 
 Druckwerke,welche in der jetzigen Konigstadt Miinchen erschienen 
 sind. Ein Beytrag zur alteren Buchdruckergeschichte Miinchens. 
 Bamberg : 1814. 4to. pp. 28 and 3 facsimile plates. 
 
 A memoir of Alexander Schmotzer was published in 1815 at Bamberg, with the 
 title, “Alexander Schmotzer, Konighcher Bibliothekar und Pfarrer am Allgemeinen 
 Krankenhause, zu Bamberg; geschilJert von Joachim Henrich Jack.” 4to. pp. 8, 
 in double column. 
 
 Schnauss (Julius). Der Lichtdruck und die Photolithographic, 
 nach eignen Erfahrungen und denen der ersten Autoritaten, 
 praktisch bearbeitet. [Diisseldorff J : 1879. 8vo. pp. 109. 
 
 The only work yet published entirely cesses.. His chief work is the “Photo- 
 devoted to photography as applied to graphisches Lexicon: ein alphabetisches 
 lithographic and other reproductive pro- Nachschlagebuch fiir den pracktischen 
 cesses. Photographen ” (Leipzig : i860. 8vo. 
 
 Dr. Julius Schnauss is the direc- pp. iv. 400). A new edition was published 
 tor of the Photographic and Chemi- in 1868, Herr Karl de Roth acting as 
 cal Institute at Jena, and Professor of collaborates (8vo. pp. vi. 544). The 
 Nature Printing, &c., at several of the application of photography to litho- 
 German universities. He has invented graphy, &c., receives due consideration, 
 several photographic reproductive pro- 
 
 Der Photographische Glas- und Steindruck oder das Ganze des 
 
 Lichtdrucks und der Photolithographic. Berlin : 1879. 8vo. 
 
 [Schnitzler]. Notice sur Jean Gutenberg, l’inventeur de la Typo- 
 graphic. Strasbourg : [e. 1863]. 8vo. pp. 3. Signed J. H. S. 
 [Extract from the “ Encyclopedic des Gens du Monde,” tome xiii.] 
 
 Schnurrer (Christian Friedrich). Program zur Geschichte der 
 Tlibingischen Typographic. Tubingen. 8vo. 
 
 Slavischer Bucherdruck in Wiirtemberg im 16. Jahrhundert. 
 
 Ein litterarischer Bericht. Tubingen: 1799. 8vo. pp. viii. 128. 
 
 Schoeber (David Gottfried). Albrecht Diirers, eines der grossesten 
 Meister und Kunstler seiner Zeit, Leben, Schriften und Kunst- 
 werke, aufs neue und viel vollstandiger als von andern ehemals 
 geschehen. Leipzig und Schleiz : 1769. 8vo. - pp. xii. 164. 
 
 Ausfiihrlicher Bericht von alten deutschen geschriebenenBibeln, 
 
 vor Erfindung der Buchdruckerey nebst einem alt-deutschen Bibl. 
 Wort- Register, aus einer alten geschriebenen deutschen Bibel und 
 deren Beschreibung. Schleiz: 1763. Small 8vo. pp. 104. 
 
 Schgeffer. — See Fust and Schceffer, ante. 
 
 [Schoenberg (Louis)]. Metallic Engravings in relief, for letterpress 
 printing, being a greatly improved substitute for wood engravings, 
 called Acrography by the inventor. 1841. 
 
 Schoenemann (C. P. C.). Hundert Merkwiirdigkeiten der Herzog - 
 lichen Bibliothek zu Wolfenbiittel. Hannover: 1849. 8vo. pp. 71. 
 
 Appeared originally in the Wirtemberg brated library at Wolfenbiittel, where are 
 Gutenbergs Archiv , 1848, which was preserved numerous and rare examples 
 edited by O. F. H. Schoenhuth. of the earliest productions of the printing 
 
 C. P. C. Schoenemann was for a long press. In this work one hundred of the 
 period the enthusiastic chief of the cele- chief rarities are described. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Schoenhuth (Ottmar Fr. H.). Gutenberg- Archiv. Sammlung fur 
 Kunde deutscher Vorzeit in alien Beziehungen. Cannstadt : 1840. 
 
 MESSINA : 1498-99. 
 
 Schonberger (William). 
 
 Wilhelm Schonberger, of Frank- last years of the century. His device, 
 fort, was one of the German printers who which we reproduce, is found on the 
 established themselves in Italy at the last leaf of the “ Historia Belli Trojani 
 end of the fifteenth century. He printed Dictys Cretensis et Daretis Phrygii.” 
 in the capital of Messina, during the two 
 
 Schoepflin (Johann Daniel). Dissertation sur l’origine de l’impri- 
 merie. [In “ Memoires de Lilterature, tires des registres de 
 l’Academie Rot ale des inscriptions et Belles Lettres,” vol. xvii., 
 p. 762. Paris: [1740]. 4to.] 
 
 Occupies 24 pages. 
 
 Vindiciae Typographicae. Argentorati : 1760. 4to. 
 
 Pages 120, with three preliminary leaves nunc primum edita,’'' pp. 42 ; indexes, 5 
 and an Appendix, containing “ Docu- leaves; 7 plates of facsimiles, 
 menta Typographicarum Originum ex The following chapter-headings in this 
 Argentinensibus tabulariis et bibliothecis important work give an idea of the general 
 
 8vo. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3i9 
 
 argument of the author : — 1. Notitia prae- 
 via ; 2. Gutenbergii acta et primordia 
 typographica Argentorati ; 3. typographia 
 a Gutenbergio continuata, et a Petro 
 Schaeffero perfecta Moguntiae; 4. typo- 
 graphia literarum sculptarum a Guten- 
 bergii sociis continuata et perfecta Ar- 
 gentorati ; 5. fabulosa Argentinensium 
 de originibus typographic^ traditio ; 6. 
 fallaces Fausti inscriptionCs ; 7. typo- 
 graphica Argentinensis aera Mogunti- 
 nensi antiquior ; 8. typographicae Har- 
 lemensium origines ; 9. reliqua Guten- 
 bergii fata ; 10. Gutenbergii successores 
 Argentinae usque ad sec. xvi. ; 11. typo- 
 graphi Alsatiae extra Argentoratum ; 12. 
 typography Alsatae extra Alsatiam. 
 
 We have already referred in a review 
 of the typographic controversy, given s. v. 
 Koster, to the position of Schoepflin 
 in relation to the writers of the seventeenth 
 century. About the time when his work 
 made its appearance, opinion was strongly 
 in favour of the Dutch claims. He was 
 a learned professor and an untiring an- 
 tiquary, and, undoubtedly, made some 
 valuable discoveries bearing upon the 
 career of John Gutenberg. In fact, he 
 may be said to have contributed more to 
 the history of the origin of the invention 
 than any of his predecessors Unfortu- 
 nately, several of Schoepflin’s discoveries, 
 especially those made in conjunction with 
 some of his contemporaries, have quite 
 lately been distrusted, and Mr. Hessels, 
 the most recent investigator in the field of 
 paleotypography, has been led to regard 
 more than one as decidedly suspicious. 
 Forgeries have? been perpetrated by 
 the Germans, and we cannot exonerate 
 the Dutch. Party spirit and a desire 
 to uphold a preconceived theory have 
 unhappily led men of learning, who 
 ought to have been diligent searchers after 
 truth, either to sanction or to condone 
 statements which subsequent researches 
 have shown to be frauds, and even to 
 utilise in their writings evidence which 
 they must have known to be false and 
 misleading. How far Schoepflin’s cha- 
 racter is tinged with this discreditable 
 imputation cannot, at present, be fully 
 ascertained ; but the result of Mr. Hessels’ 
 labours has been, generally speaking, to 
 suggest, that great caution should be 
 shown in accepting discoveries by him 
 which have not been confirmed by sub- 
 sequent writers, and by those who have 
 independently examined the original 
 documents. 
 
 It may be useful to enumerate the 
 contributions of Schoepflin to the history 
 of the subject, as contained in the work 
 above cited. 
 
 1. The Act by which Gutenberg, then 
 residing in the convent of Arbogast, re- 
 leased the secretary of Mentz, and relin- 
 quished the money which the town owed 
 to Gutenberg. This was discovered by 
 Schoepflin, and published by him for the 
 first time (“ Vindic. Typog.,” p. 3). 
 
 2. The document concernipg the alleged 
 breach-of-promise action of Anna Zu der 
 I serin Thure against Gutenberg. Schoep- 
 flin says he received this document from 
 the Strasbourg Archivist Wencker. When, 
 however, Meerman afterwards asked for 
 a copy, Schoepflin replied that there was 
 no such document in existence ; the in- 
 formation in question was merely contained 
 in a marginal annotation — and even this 
 was not produced. He actually based a 
 circumstantial account of Gutenberg’s 
 supposed marriage and children on this 
 “discovery" {see J. H. Hessels’ “Gu- 
 tenberg,” p. 20, seq.). The whole is now 
 shown to be a forgery. 
 
 3. The records of the law suit of 1439, 
 in which George Dritzehen sued Guten- 
 berg for a sum of money he alleged to be 
 due to him, owing to partnership trans- 
 actions between his brother Andrew and 
 the defendant. 
 
 4. Items in a register of the hellerzol, 
 or penny tax, of Strasbourg. 
 
 These were published for the first time 
 by Schoepflin in the “ Vindiciae,” docu- 
 ment No. vii., p. 40. 
 
 With regard to No. 3, Schoepflin says 
 he discovered the evidence of the various 
 witnesses in an old tower, called the 
 Pfennigthurm, at Strasbourg, among the 
 protocols of the council of that city. He 
 published the entries in the “ Vindiciae,” 
 fifteen years after the alleged finding of the 
 depositions. He also claimed, with the aid 
 of the archivistWencker,to havediscovered 
 the volume containing the decision of 
 the Court ; but there is reason to believe 
 that he never actually saw this document. 
 
 Mr. Hessels says : — “ To me it always 
 appeared suspicious that Schoepflin had 
 j ust discovered documents which furnished 
 him with evidence and a date which he 
 had previously wished to find. It was 
 his theory, and that of many of his friends, 
 that the invention of Printing had taken 
 place, in an incomplete form, and in 
 secret, at Strasbourg before it had been 
 perfected at Mentz. Everybody in his 
 time, and long before him, talked of 1440 
 as the Mentz date ; and by his documents 
 Schoepflin was, all at once, provided with 
 a mechanical process, and that a most 
 mysterious one, already in operation, at 
 a most convenient time, namely in 1439, 
 at Strasbourg. Schoepflin was also dis- 
 tinctly under the impression that Guten- 
 
3 2 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 berg had printed books at Strasbourg, and 
 he even mentions some works as Guten- 
 berg’s products. But in his ignorance of 
 incunabula, and misled by a date, he 
 attributed books to Gutenberg which we 
 now know could not have been printed by 
 him. Such proceedings must arouse our 
 suspicions.” 
 
 Dr. Van der Linde, in his “ Guten- 
 berg,” insinuates (p. 328) that Schoepflin 
 had the Acts for an alarmingly long time 
 under his keeping, and that Dunne’s testi- 
 mony (that three years ago, or thereabout, 
 he had earned from Gutenberg nearly 100 
 guilders merely for that which belonged 
 to printing ) appears at the end as if it 
 had been ‘‘ snowed ” into the document, 
 and adds the following concerning 
 Schoepflin : — “ I object to any indignation 
 which may be felt because I do not 
 sufficiently respect the learned compiler 
 of ‘Alsatia lllustrata.’ He that could 
 rob an abbey of its most precious books 
 (‘ Psalterium,’ 1457, 1459) under the 
 pretence of wishing to send them, as an 
 example of the ancient art of printing, to 
 the Royal Library of Paris, and afterwards 
 sells them for his own private gain, has 
 forfeited the right of being considered an 
 honest man. The gaol holds people far 
 more innocent.” Mr. Hessels, in quoting 
 this (p. 188), draws from it the inference 
 that Dr. Van der Linde strongly suspects 
 Schoepflin’s documents, or, at least, must 
 suspect them, as Dunne’s testimony does 
 not appear in Laborde’s facsimile dis- 
 similar to the rest ; but, he remarks, 
 “Dr. Van der Linde’s opinion as to 
 the honesty of the people he has to deal 
 with cannot always be implicitly relied 
 upon.”— See Strasbourg and Typo- 
 graphy, post. 
 
 Schoepflin’s theory is, as already stated, 
 that it was at Strasbourg that Guten- 
 berg made his first experiments in the 
 art of Printing, and that his discoveries 
 were perfected at Mayence. The work 
 contains seven plates, of which six re- 
 present fragments of what the author 
 believed to be the first products of the 
 Strasbourg press. These books, he con- 
 tends, were : - 1. “ Liber de miseria 
 
 humanae conditionis,” 1448 ; 2. “ Solilo- 
 quium Hugonis, anrii incerti ” ; 3, Men- 
 telii Bibiia, 1466 ; 4. Mentelii Astex- 
 
 anus,” 1469; 5. “ Eggesteinii Bibiia, 
 1468; 6. Eggesteinii Officia Ciceronis,” 
 1472. The seventh plate represents a 
 fragment of a manuscript said to be 
 written in uncial characters by Peter 
 Schoefifer, of Gernsheim, at Paris, in 
 1449. The author, who does not ex- 
 plain how the fragment of the manu- 
 script reached Strasbourg, says that it 
 
 shows the affinity between the arts of 
 caligraphy and typography. 
 
 Johann Daniel Schoepflin was 
 Professor of Elocution and History at 
 Strasbourg, and a member of many 
 academies. He was born at Sulzbourg 
 in 1694, and died 1771. He distinguished 
 himself by the publication of other valu- 
 able works besides the “ Vindicia;,” such 
 as “ Alsatia lllustrata,” referred to below ; 
 “ Historia Zaringo-Badensis Carolsruhe, 
 ex officina Macklotiana ” (1763, 7 vois. 
 4to.), and “Alsatia aeri Merovingici, 
 Carolingici, Saxonici, Salici, Suevici, 
 diplomatica ” (Mannhemii, typographia 
 academica, 1772, 2 vols., folio, with many 
 plates). 
 
 Fournier the younger published in 1760 
 his “Observations” on the “ Vindiciae 
 Typographicae ” (Paris. 8V07). Besides 
 the above-mentioned works, Schoepflin 
 published a large number of pamphlets, of 
 which the greater part were republished 
 in a volume, under the title of “ Com- 
 mentationes,” &c. (Basle : 1741. 4to.). 
 
 M. le Beau pronounced a eulogy on 
 Schoepflin, and Oberlin wrote, under 
 the title of “ Musaeum Schoepflinianum,” 
 a description of the library left to the city 
 of Strasbourg by this eminent writer. 
 
 Although Schoepflin’s great work is 
 almost beyond the scope of this Biblio- 
 graphy, in the interests of the student 
 of the history of printing, who will most 
 likely refer to the materials therein con- 
 tained, we may state that, the title-page 
 reads : “Alsatia lllustrata, Celtica, 
 Romana, Francica ; auctor Jo. Daniel 
 Schcepflinus, consil. et historiographus 
 regius, histor. et eloq. professor Argent. ; 
 regiae inscriptionum ut et anglic. petro- 
 polit. ac Gorton. Academiarum socius. 
 Colmariae, ex typographia regia. 1751.” 
 The work, which is written in Latin, 
 forms two noble folio volumes, embel- 
 lished with maps, views, and diagrams. 
 At the end of each volume is an Index 
 Auctorum and an Index Rerum. 
 
 A fine edition in French was published 
 at Mulhouse, 1849-52, in 5 vols. 8vo. 
 under the title, “ L’Alsace Ulustree, ou 
 recherches sur l’Alsace pendant la domi- 
 nation des Celtes, des Romains, des 
 Francs, des Allemands, et des Fra.n§ais, 
 par J. D. Schoepflin, traduction de L. W. 
 Ravenez.” It is profusely illustrated with 
 maps, plans, and portraits ; among the 
 latter, one of Schoepflin. The matter 
 relative to Gutenberg is contained in the 
 fourth and fifth volumes ; and, as the work 
 throughout is admirably indexed, refer- 
 ence to any subject is rendered quite easy. 
 
 An abridged translation, but one that is 
 
3 21 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 especially useful to tl\e ordinary student, 
 was published at Colmar, in 1825. The 
 title is, “ Histoire des dix villes jadis 
 libres et imp^riales de la prefecture de 
 Hagenau ; savoir : — Hagenau, Colmar, 
 Schlettstadt, Landau, Wissembourg,Ober- 
 nay, Rosheim, Munster, Keysersberg, et 
 Turckheim. Selon Schoepflin.” 4 vols. 
 8vo. (The title on the wrapper begins, 
 
 ments. belonging to the smallest villages 
 were carefully examined. His work is 
 characterised, not only by great learning, 
 but extraordinary zeal. It seemed to the 
 translator a pity that persons interested 
 in Alsace, who were not conversant with 
 Latin, should be deprived of the vast stores 
 of information collected by Schoepflin ; 
 hence the preparation of this rendering. 
 
 “ Histoire d’ Alsace.”) In the preface it 
 is remarked that Schoepflin is one of the 
 men whom Alsace has great reason for 
 honouring. His “Alsatia Illustrata,” 
 issued in the middle of the eighteenth 
 Century, was not a book made up from 
 books ; it was derived from original 
 Sources. The voluminous records of the 
 province were ransacked ; even the docu- 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 — See Baer, Fournier, Lichtenber- 
 ger, and Strasbourg; also, in Supple- 
 ment, Hessels. 
 
 Schoepflin' s Book-plate . — Through the 
 courtesy of the ‘ ‘ Societe pour la Con- 
 servation des Monuments Historiques 
 d’ Alsace,” we are enabled to give the 
 annexed reproductions of two out of three 
 of the “ Ex-libris ” used by Schoepflin, 
 
 2 T 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 322 
 
 and described in the transactions of the 
 Society by M. Arthur Benoit, whose 
 monograph has since been printed sepa- 
 rately (Les Ex-Libris de Schoepfiin. 
 Paris : 1883). 
 
 Our first example consists of a little vig- 
 nette, comprising rockwork and shrubs, 
 of indifferent design, upon which are 
 engraved the armorial bearings of the 
 historian. Below is the inscription : 
 
 EX BIBLIOTHECA 
 SCHOEPFLINIANA 
 
 engraved for his library, — one for the 
 octavo, and one for the quarto and larger 
 sizes. “As for the engraver of this little 
 rarity, I am tolerably sure that it was Jean 
 Weis, a native of Strasbourg, who was 
 often employed by Schoepfiin for the il- 
 lustration of his very learned works. 
 According to M. Auguste Stoeber, this 
 book-plate would have been engraved in 
 1762 by J. R. Metzger of Strasbourg, 
 after the picture painted at Paris by 
 Gaspard Heilmann of Mulhouse, and 
 destroyed in 1870, at the time of the 
 
 This book-plate presents little interest 
 from an artistic point of view, but “ in its 
 historical connexion,” says M. Benoit, 
 “ it is a great curiosity. It is this which 
 has decided me to present a reproduction 
 of it to the library of the Society for the 
 Preservation of the Historic Monuments 
 of Alsace, not doubting that this repro- 
 duction will be duly seen by all who are 
 connected with Strasbourg, as well as 
 the book-lovers of all countries, and the 
 collectors of book-plates. The historio- 
 grapher of Louis XV. had two book-plates 
 
 burning of the Library at Strasbourg. 
 M. Stoeber would fain say : after the 
 portrait drawn and engraved at Mann- 
 heim by E. Verelst. Indeed, it is upon 
 this portrait the arms of the historian are 
 found. In any case, this supposition 
 takes away nothing from the rarity of 
 this little engraving or the associations 
 connected with it.” 
 
 In the supplement to his interesting 
 “Petite Revue d’Ex-Libris Alsaciens ” 
 (Mulhouse : 1881), M. Auguste Stoeber 
 has described the second book-plate above 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 given, which was used by Schoepflin. It 
 represents a stone oval medallion, upon 
 which is figured an ancient comic actor 
 named Maccus, of whom Schoepflin has 
 given an enlarged picture in his “ Alsatia 
 Illustrata” (plate x., No. 9). Above is 
 a mask, from the open mouth of which 
 issue branches of oak which trail down 
 on both sides. A stone bracket bears the 
 inscription : 
 
 EX MUSEO SCHOEPFLINIANO 
 
 M. Benoit remarks that the somewhat 
 pretentious term, “ Ex Museo,” was com- 
 monly used at Lyons in the last century 
 by book-lovers, and Charles Nodier in- 
 
 Schoettgen (Christian). Der loblichen Buchdrucker-Gesellschafft 
 zu Dressden Jubel-Geschichte, a. 1740, den 24. und 25. Junii. 
 Dresden : 1740. 4to. pp. 64. 
 
 Consists of a short historical sketch, with many metrical pieces written in praise 
 of Typography. 
 
 Historic derer Dresdenischen Buchdrucker. Wobey zugleich 
 
 alle Hohen Gonner und Freunde der edlen Buchdruckerkunst 
 das Dritte Jubel-Fest derselben, am Tage Johannis des Taufers 
 1740, bey Anhorung einiger Teutschen Reden und Music feyer- 
 lichst zu begehen gehorsamst ersucht. Dresden : 1740* 4to. 
 pp. 32. 
 
 A short history of the printers of Dresden ; intended as an introductory pamphlet 
 on the occasion of the celebration of the third centenary of the invention of 
 Printing. 
 
 scribed it on the books in his library; but 
 it is rarely met with in Alsace. “As 
 applied, however, in its true sense, — 
 museum, gallery, collection, — surely the 
 illustrious author of ‘ Alsatia Illustrata ’ 
 was entitled to thus designate his library 
 and collections.” 
 
 It may be added that some very 
 weighty considerations, in addition to 
 those epitomised above, concerning 
 Schoepflin’s claims as a discoverer of 
 typographical muniments are contained 
 in Hessels’ “Gutenberg,” references to 
 which will be found post, in Supple- 
 ment. 
 
 Scholtze (Heinrich). Specimen Bibliothecae Arabicse de Typo- 
 graphy Arabicis. Hamburg : 1740. 4to. 
 
 Schook (C.). Verzameling van woorden. Gorinchem : i860. 2 parts. 
 i6mo. 
 
 The second part is entitled — 
 
 Handboekje voor Letterzetters, Boekdrukkers en Correctors. 
 
 Gorinchem : i860. i2mo. 
 
 Schopperus (Hartmannus). De Omnibus Illiberalibus sive MeChanicis 
 artibus. Francofurti ad Moenum : 1574. 8vo. 
 
 132 woodcuts by Jost Amman, repre- 
 senting artificers at work at their different 
 trades, each with a descriptive Latin 
 verse Three of the cuts are devoted to 
 the Letter Founder, the Engraver, and 
 the Printer respectively. The verse on 
 
 the Printer’s page attributes the origin of 
 printing to Mayence. The work possesses 
 great interest, as the Dedication is writ- 
 ten by a celebrated printer, “Sigismundus 
 Feyrabend, civis et bibliopola Franc- 
 furdianus .”— See Sachs (Hans). 
 
3 2 4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Schott (Martin). 
 
 STRASBOURG : 1490-1498. 
 
 i'he device of this printer, which we annex, consists of a cabbage, with the 
 letters M and S on the left and right, respectively, of the stalk. 
 
 [Schrag (J. Adam).] Bericht von Erfindung der Buch-Truckerey in 
 Strassburg. Strassburg : 1640. 4to. 37 leaves, unnumbered. 
 
 Translated into Latin, and printed in 
 Wolf’s “ Monumenta,” vol. ii., pp. 1-67, 
 under the following title : — Historia 
 Typography Argentorati inventae, 1640. 
 Schrag’s theory is that Mentel invented 
 Printing at Strasbourg . — See note to 
 Koster. 
 
 We copy from Mr. Hessels’ “ Guten- 
 berg,” p. 95, where he speaks of the 
 Discourse of Joh. Friedr. Faust von 
 Aschaffenburg, the following note : — 
 
 “Meerman informs us(Orig. typ. 1765, 
 ii, 216) that ‘ Henr. Christ. Baron von 
 Senckenberg had sent him a similar 
 Discourse, which Ad. Schrag had added 
 with his own hand to his Dissertation 
 von Erfindung der Buchdruckerey in 
 Strasburg, Strassb. 1640, of which Schrag 
 declared that it had been communicated 
 
 to him after the publication of his Essay, 
 and had been taken from the authentic 
 documents of the Faust Family preserved 
 at Frankfurt - on - the - Main. It varies 
 somewhat, especially in style, from [the 
 one usually cited] ; nor is it so full as 
 regards certain circumstances, though in 
 substance it comes to the same. Hence 
 we may conclude that the descendants 
 of Joh. Faust altered and amplified it, 
 and that Schrag had obtained an older, 
 Kohler a more recent, text.’ 
 
 “ I have inquired of the Librarian at 
 the Hague whether this copy of Schrag’s 
 Dissertation had come into the Meerman 
 Westreenen Museum, and have been in_- 
 formed that it is not there. It does not 
 seem to have been inserted in the 
 Meerman Sale Catalogue of 1824.” 
 
 Schramm (Christoph). Buchdruckfarben. Proben der Fabrik in 
 Offenbach. (1880.) i6mo. An album of 105 leaves. 
 
 Schreiber (Heinrich). Leistungen der Universitat und Stadt Frei- 
 burg im Breisgau fiir Bucher- und Landkartendruck. Festrede 
 gehalten bei der vierten Sacularfeier der Typographic am 24. Juni 
 1840. Freiburg im Breisgau. 8vo. pp. 28. 
 
 The author was a Professor at the University of Freiburg. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 325 
 
 Schreibf.r (Thomas Johann). Erstlinge der Jubelfeyer in .Danzig 
 wegen der vor dreihundert Jahren erfundenen Buchdruckerey, 
 zu Gottes Ehren und des Nachsten Nutzen im Jahr 1740 nach 
 Christi Geburth, theils dargebracht, theils veranlasset und verleget. 
 [Danzig : 1740.] 4to. 49 leaves not paged. 
 
 Includes a list of the printers of Dantzig from 1539 to 1740, and a large quantity 
 of other curious typographical matter. 
 
 Schrettinger (Martin). Uebersicht der verschiedenen Meinungen . 
 iiber den Ursprung der Buchdruckerkunst, von Biirger Daunou. 
 [In “ Beitrage zur Geschichte der Literatur,” by J. C. v. Aretin, 
 vol. v., pp. 161-224 and 273-326. Munchen : 1805. 8vo.] 
 
 Schrevel (Dirk). Harlemum, sive urbis Harlemensis, incunabula, 
 incrementa, fortuna varia, in pace, in bello. Hamorum et 
 Asselorum factio. Obsidiones. Reformationis cruda initia. Consilia 
 politica. Schismata ecclesiastica. Tempora Lycestriana. Statuta 
 antiqua. Comitum privilegia gratiosa. Regimen politicum, eccle- 
 siasticum, oeconomicum, militare, et scholasticum. Lugduni- 
 Batavorum : 1647. 4to. Engraved frontispiece, containing a 
 portrait of Roster ; p. xviii. 
 
 The invention of printing is the subject of pp. 270-272, to the glorification of 
 Koster. 
 
 Schrift - Probe, oder Verzeichniss dererjenigen deutsch latein. 
 griechisch u. russ. Schriften, welche seit' 1755 sowol aus Deutsch- 
 land (Leipzig) verschrieben sind, wie auch in St. Petersburg 
 gegossen, als auch allhier in Moscou verfertiget und itzt in d. k. 
 Moscow. Universitats-Buchdruckery vorhanden sind, nebst Ab- 
 druck derer zur Auszierung gebrauchl. Roschen, Vignetten, 
 Figuren, zum ersten Mahl aufgesetzt von T. S. Hojer. Moscou 
 (im Weinmonat) : 1761. Folio. 8 leaves. Frzb. 
 
 Schrift- und Feder-Probe eines Buchdruckers. Ein officielles 
 Vergissmeinnicht, den Freunden der Presse verehrt vom Verfasser. 
 2te fragmentarische Ausgabe. Rudolstadt : 1876. 4to. pp. iv. 
 368. 
 
 The author is the proprietor of the printing-office of the late Rud. Froebel, and 
 is printer to the Prince of Rudolstadt. 
 
 Schrift en Schrijfkunst. Het boekdrukken, hout-, koper-, staal- 
 graveerkunst, het steendrukken en het boekbinden. Leiden : 
 1874. 8vo. With engravings. 
 
 Schrijver (Pieter). Batavia Illustrata, seu de Batavorum insula, 
 Hollandia, Zelandia, Frisia, territorio Trajectensi, et Gelria ; 
 scriptores varii notse melioris nunc primum collecti, simulque 
 editi, ex museo Petri Scriverii. Lugduni Batavorum, apud 
 Ludovicum Elzevirium. 1609. 4to. 
 
 This celebrated work consists of several and pp. 40 respectively. The book is 
 parts, with separate pagination. Thus embellished with a series of rude wood- 
 Batavia has pp. viii. 232 ; Holland, cuts. There is a copy in the British 
 pp. 184 ; and two supplements of pp. 56 Museum, 1027 1 c. 
 
3 2 6 
 
 Bibliography of Printing r . 
 
 — Bibliothecae Seri verianoe Catalogus. Amsterdam: 1663. 4to. 
 
 — Lavre-Crans voor Lavrens Coster van Haerlem, Eerste vinder 
 vande Boeck-Drvckery. Tot Haerlem. 1628. 4to. pp. 124. 
 
 This, the first edition, was, with an 
 additional twenty-four pages, reprinted 
 the same year at the end of Ampzing’s 
 “ Beschrijvinge” {see Ampzing). 
 
 The frontispiece consists of a copper- 
 plate portrait headed “Johannes Zu- 
 renus. Ao. Aetat. 71. Domini 88,” and 
 at the foot being the lines : — 
 
 Corporis effigiem expressit quam Golt- 
 zius sere, 
 
 Heemskerkus docta pinxit et ante 
 manu. 
 
 Tunc inerat formse florenti gratia 
 major : 
 
 Plurima nunc faciem ruga senilis arat. 
 
 On the title-page is a vignette r in which 
 are introduced, on the left —a male figure 
 with a spade, emblematic of Labour ; on 
 the right — a female figure with a book 
 and a whip, symbolical, we presume, of 
 “compulsory education.” At the foot is 
 a little picture of a school. The mottoes 
 are : “laboreet diligentia” ; “gramatica.” 
 In the centre is a representation of the 
 old wooden press, one man pulling, the 
 other working the balls. 
 
 Opposite page 4 is the now celebrated 
 portrait — “ Laurentius Costerus Harle- 
 mensis, primus artis typographicae inven- 
 tor circa annum 1440.” At the foot are 
 these lines : — 
 
 Vana quid archetypos et prsela Mo- 
 guntia jactas ? 
 
 Harlemi archetypos praelaque natascias. 
 
 Extulit hie, monstrante Deo, Laurentius 
 artem 
 
 Dissimulare virum hunc, dissimulare 
 Deum est. 
 
 P. Scriverius. 
 There are also the words : — 
 
 J. V. Campen pinxit ; 
 
 J. V. Velde sculpsit. 
 
 Opposite page no is another copper- 
 plate engraving, representing “ Typo- 
 graphy Harlemi primum inventa circa 
 annum 1440,” with the inscription : — 
 
 Currat penna licet, tantum vix scribitur 
 anno 
 
 Quantum uno reddunt praela Batava 
 die. 
 
 Addidit inventis aliquid Germania 
 tantis : 
 
 Hollandus coepit Theuto peregit opus. 
 
 P. Scriverius. 
 
 The other lettering consists of the words : 
 Zaenredam inven 1 ; Velde sculp. 
 
 The composition generally is nearly 
 similar to that of the picture by Badius 
 Ascensius. On the left hand is a man 
 distributing ink on the balls ; in the 
 centre is the pressman : on the right 
 a compositor. The press is not one 
 of the pattern which Gutenberg is sup- 
 posed to have used. It has several 
 mechanical improvements, such as the 
 rounce, and the bent handle for bringing 
 down the platen. The pressman has 
 a step on the floor to give assistance 
 to the pull. The compositor is repre- 
 sented with a composing-stick in his left 
 hand ; the copy is before him, and he 
 uses a visorium. He sits on a bench. 
 The cases, upper and lower, have boxes 
 of unequal size. The engraving is ad- 
 mirably executed. 
 
 At the end of the work is a statement 
 to the effect that, on a stone in the front 
 of the house in the market-place, former- 
 ly belonging to Koster but then in the 
 possession of Cornelius Dabbius, a bar- 
 rister, there was then the following in- 
 scription in gilt letters : — 
 
 MEMORIZE SACRVM. 
 
 TYPOGRAPHY, 
 ars artivm omnivm 
 conservatrix, 
 hie primvm inventa, 
 
 M.CCCC XXIIX. 
 inscriptio saxi, 
 
 de quo Serarius lib. 1, cap. v. 
 
 Moguntia ab antiqvo neqvam. 
 
 Schriverus. — See Schrijver, siipra. 
 
 Schroeder (Johannes Henricus). Incunabula Artis Typographicae 
 in Suecia. Upsala : 1842. 4to. pp. 31 and 9 plates. 
 
 Describes all the works of the first presses in Sweden. 
 
 Schroeder (W.). Album des Gutenberg-Festes zu Hannover irn 
 Jahre 1840. Herausgeg. von den Hofbuchdruckern Gebriidern 
 , Janecke. Hannover : 1840. 8vo. pp. vi. 198. 1 plate. 
 
 At the end an interesting list of books is appended. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 327 
 
 SciiroedTer (Ern. Christianus). De typographia disputatio. Wit- 
 tenbergae : 1697. 4to. 8 unnumbered leaves. 
 
 Reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica,” vol. ii., pp. 614-632. 
 
 Schroen (Wolfifgang Adolph). iturtzer Entwurff der Histone von 
 der Hoch-Furstlich Sachsen-Weimarischen Hof-Buohdruckerey. 
 [In Weber’s “ Weimarischer Beytrag zur feyerlichen Begehung 
 des dritten Jubelfestes etner wohlloblichen Buchdruckerkunst.” 
 Weimar: 1740. 8vo. pp. 53-112.] 
 
 Also published in the A llgctneiner Tyftografthischer Monatsbericht. 
 
 Occasione Novae quae Constantinopoli est exstructa Typo- 
 
 graphiae. Vinariae : 1731. Small 4to. 
 
 SCHROTH (J. T.). Mustersammlun'g fur Romische Schrift in 9 Blat- 
 tern fiir Kupferstecher, Lithographen, &c. Small 4to. Dresden: 
 1846. 
 
 Schubert (F. L.). Marsch zum Festzuge der iv. Saecularfeier der 
 Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst zu Leipzig. Fiir Pianoforte. 
 Leipzig : 1840. Large 4to. 
 
 Schubert (Gust.). Die Reichsdruckerei in Berlin. [In the Garten- 
 laube , 1881, No. 26.] 
 
 Schuchardt (Charles). Une Fete typographique. Anniversaire 
 semi-seculaire de M. Charles Schuchardt, Imprimeur. Geneve : 
 1879. 8vo. pp. 32, with frontispiece and medal in photography. 
 
 An interesting little brochure narrating the ceremonies and speeches upon the 50th 
 
 anniversary of M. Schuchardt’s entrance on his typographical career. 
 
 Schuchardt (Christian). Lucas Cranach des Aeltern Leben und 
 Werke. Nach urkundlichen Quellen bearbeitet. 2 vols. Leipzig : 
 1851. 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xvi. 31 1 ; vol. ii., pp. vi. 365. 
 
 Reproductions by photography of the principal works of Cranach the elder (whose 
 
 real name was L. Lunder) were issued in folio, 1868, by C. Schuchardt, entitled 
 
 “ Sammlung photographirter Nachbildung Cranach’scher,” &c. 
 
 Revision der Akten iiber die Frage : Gebuhrt die Ehre der 
 
 Erfindung des Papierabdruckes von gravirten Metallplatten den 
 Deutschen oder den Italienern? Leipzig: 1858. 8vo. Woodcuts. 
 
 SchudEroff (Dr. Juh). Vier Predigten vom Gutenberg- bis zum 
 Amts-Jubel-Feste. 1840. Neustadt a. d. O. : 1841. 8vo. pp. 
 x. 48. 
 
 Schueck (Julius). Aldus Manutius und seine Zeitgenossen in 
 Italien und Deutschland. Im Anhange : Die Familie des Aldus 
 bis zu ihrem Ende. Berlin : 1862. 8vo. pp. viii. 15 1. 
 
 Schuegraf (J. R.). — See Pangkofer und Schuegraf. 
 
 Schultz (Christ.). Bey dem hundertjahrigen Erneurungsfeste der 
 belobten Buchdruckerey, welche das angesehene Reussnerische 
 Geschlecht feyerlich begehet, hat dem edlen Stamme desselben in 
 geringen Gedanken seine Ergebenheit bezeigen wollen. Konigs- 
 berg : 1740. Folio. 1 sheet. 
 
328 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Schulz (Otto August). Gutenberg, oder Geschichte der Buch- 
 druckerkunst von ihrem Ursprung bis zur Gegenwart. Eine 
 Festgabe fur jeden Gebildeten zur vierten Saecularfeier des 
 Typendrucks. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. iv. 123. 8 woodcuts. 
 
 Schultz & Co. Ein 5ojahriges Buchdrucker-Jubil'aum bei R. Schultz 
 & Comp, in Strassburg ( Berger- Levrault’s Nachfolgen). Strass- 
 burg: 1878. 4to. pp. 32. 
 
 See Berger-Levrault ; Levrault. 
 
 Schulze (Christian Ferdinand). Wechselwirkung zwischen der 
 Buchdruckerkunst und der Fortbildung der Menschheit. Eine 
 Rede am Jubelfeste der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst, den 
 24. Juni 1840, gehalten im Gymnasium zu Gotha. Gotha. 8vo. 
 
 Schulze (Johann George). Programma de officina typografica, Con- 
 stantinopoli instituta. Niirnberg: 1728. 4to. 
 
 Schumacher (A.). Das Gutenbergs-Fest in Mainz. Lustspiel in 
 zwei Aufziigen. Mannheim: 1837. 8vo. Frontispiece-portrait. 
 
 Schumann (Carl). Schrift-Proben der Buchdruckerei. [Schnee- 
 berg] : 1828. 4to. 32 leaves, printed on one side only. 
 
 Schumann (Valentin). 
 
 Panzer says that Valentin Schumann that the Municipal Council of Leipzig 
 printed at Leipzig between the years 1502 issued an edict, in 1539, prohibiting the 
 and 1534. Faulmann, in his “ Illustrated three local printers from publishing any 
 History of Printing,” mentions, however, new work without the consent of the 
 
 DAMANDER, LEIPZIG: 1502-1534 [?]. 
 
Bibliography 
 
 City fathers. One of the three printers 
 mentioned by name is Valentin Schu- 
 mann. The device on the preceding page 
 is taken from “ Theodori Gazae Liber 
 quartus et ultimus de constructione R. 
 Croco Britanno interprete,” 1516. 4to. 
 Schumann’s device consists of V. S., in- 
 tertwined on the stem of a trefoil, under 
 an arch formed by the trunks of two trees, 
 with the letters L. D. These letters 
 probably stood for Lipsiensis Demander 
 or“Damander” (a rude Grecisation of 
 
 of Printing. 329 
 
 “ Schuman ” which he sometimes used). 
 Falkenstein and Lorck both state that 
 Schumann printed at Leipzig from 1515 
 to I 535> hut Berjeau says 1502-1534. 
 Schumann may also be considered as a 
 literary workman, since he compiled two 
 volumes of a “ Nachtbuchlein,” or col- 
 lection of facetious stories, which were 
 printed and published at Niirnberg, the 
 author describing himself on the title-page 
 as a “ Schriftgiesser,” or type-founder. 
 
 Schwabk (Carl Leberecht). Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst 
 und ilire Folgen. Eine Vorbereitungsschrift zur iv. Sacularfeier, 
 Leipzig: 1840. 8vo. pp. 119. 
 
 Schwartz (J. C. E.). Predigt zum Gedachtniss der Erfindung der 
 Buchdruckerkunst, am ersten Sonntage nUch Trinitatis in der 
 Stadtkirche zu Jena gehalten. Jena: 1840. 8vo. pp. 23. 
 
 Schwarz (Christian Gottlieb). Index quorumdam librorum im- 
 pressorum saec. xv. Norimbergse : 172 7. 4to. 
 
 Opuscula Academica: De origine Typographiae, Dissertationes 
 
 iii., &c. Norimbergse : 1793. 4to. Pars prima, pp. 36 ; 
 pars altera, pp. 56 ; pars tertia, pp. 68 ; with plate of watermarks. 
 
 Primaria quaedam docvmenta de origine Typographiae. 
 
 Quorvm illustratorvm partem tertiam moderante Christiano 
 Gotlib. Schvvarzio Com. Pal. Caes. et Prof. Pvbl. a.d. 1740 
 dispvtandi cavssa proponit Gustavvs Philippvs Negelein Norim* 
 bergensis Altorfii. [1740.] 4to. Part i., title and pp. 63 ; 
 part ii., title and pp. 56 ; part iii., title and pp. 68. 
 
 Schwarz (J. L. ). Der Buchdrucker. Hamburg : 1775. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Schwegman (Hendrik). Berigt, wegens de uitvinding om een tekening 
 op een koperplaat overtebrengen, aan den oeconomischen Tak van 
 de Hoflandsche Maatschappye der Wetenscliappen te Haarlem. 
 Haarlem: [1793]. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Verhandeling over het graveeren in de manier van gewassen 
 
 tekeningen of acquatinta ; op twee verschillende wijzen. Haarlem ; 
 1806. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Sch WETSCHK.E (Carl Gustav). Codex nundinarius Germanise literate 
 bisecularis. Mess-Jahrbiicher des Deutschen Buchhandels von 
 dem Erscheinen des ersten Mess-Kataloges im Jahre 1564 bis 
 zu'der Griindung des ersten Buchhandler-Vereins im Jahre 1765. 
 Mit einer Einleitung von Gustav Schwetschke. Halle : 1850. 
 Folio, pp. xxxvi. 244, and three leaves of facsimiles. 
 
 Includes a list of publishers, printers, and booksellers. A new edition was 
 
 published in 1877. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 2 U 
 
33 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 — De Donati minoris fragmento Halis nuper reperto excursus. 
 Iialis : 1839. 4to. pp. 14. 
 
 — Vorakarlemische Buchdruckergeschichte der Stadt Halle. 
 Eine Festschrift mit einem Anhange I. Ehrenrettung des 
 Sachsischen Merseburg, als des Druckorts Marsipolis und 
 Merseborg, von 1473, un d naithin als der altesten norddeutschen 
 Druckstatte. II. Supplementarisches zu Hain, Ebert, Schaab 
 und Wetter und 2 Tafeln Abbildungen. Halle : 1840. 4to. 
 pp. viii. 126. 
 
 Dr. ''chwetschke was the head of the 
 Printing-firm of Gebauer-Schwetschke, 
 which establishment was originally 
 founded in Halle-on-the-Saale, on the 
 14th October, 1733, by Herr Gebauer, 
 whose name it then bore, the title 
 being subsequently altered to Gebauer- 
 
 sary in 1875, he received a telegram from 
 Prince Bismark, congratulating him on 
 the event, and a deputation of master 
 printers of Halle presented him with a 
 congratulatory address, expressive of the 
 high esteem in which he was held by 
 them. The address bore the signatures 
 
 CARL GUSTAV SCHWETSCHKE, DR. PHIL. 
 
 Schwetschke. The firm celebrated its 
 hundredth anniversary in 1833. 
 
 Carl Gustav Schwetschke, Ph.D., 
 was born on April 5, 1 804, studied at the 
 Universities of Halle and Heidelberg, 
 and succeeded his father in the business 
 on the 5th of June, 1825. On the occasion 
 of the celebration of his fiftieth anniver- 
 
 of the eight principal local master 
 printers. Dr. Schwetschke has gained 
 some reputation as an author by his 
 German and Latin verses. Amongst 
 others, he has rhythmically translated 
 into German five cantos from Spenser’s 
 “ Faery Queen,” together with numerous 
 selections from Pope, Gray, and Beattie. 
 
 See Eckstein (E.A.). 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 33 1 • 
 
 Scolar (John). 
 
 Scolar is regarded as the second of 
 the Oxford printers, being the successor 
 of Theodore Rood. Scolar seems to 
 have printed but a very limited number 
 of books, all of which are now of extreme 
 scarcity. The only perfect copy of the 
 •book from which the annexed device was 
 
 taken is to be found in the public library, 
 Cambridge. It is entitled “ Questiones 
 moralissime super libros Ethicorum,” &c. 
 Oxford: 1518. Panzer does not even 
 mention the name of Scolar. He used 
 in several of his publications the King’s 
 and the University’s arms ( see Oxford, 
 
• 33 2 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Printing at). The device reproduced con- and two below. The shield is supported 
 sists of a hook, open, with seven seals, by two angels.— Cf. Arms of the Univer- 
 inscribed “ Veritas liberavit, Bonitas reg- sity of Oxford, j. v. Oxford. 
 navit,” two coronets being placed above 
 
 SCOLARI (Filippo). Di alcune Singolarita Tipografiche del Sec. XV. 
 esist in Treviso. Treviso : 1859. 8vo. 
 
 Scotland. Printing and Publishing in Scotland : a series of Re- 
 ports, published in the Scotsman (Edinburgh) : 1869. — Vide also 
 Dickson, in Supplement. 
 
 Scott (A. Th.). Lettre a Mons. Plassan, ancien imprimeur, sur les 
 interets materiels de la typographic, a l’occasion du memoire 
 qu’il a presente au Ministere de l’lnterieur. Paris: 1839. 4to. 
 1^ sheets. 
 
 — Deuxieme lettre a Mons. Plassan, ancien imprimeur, sur les 
 interets artistiques de la typographic, par rapport a ses interets 
 industriels. Paris: 1839. 4to. 2 sheets. 
 
 Scott (Sir Walter). The History of the Ballantyne Press, and its 
 connexion with Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Edinburgh: 1871. 4to. 
 13 leaves. 
 
 A noble tribute to the great poet, of printing in black and gold. Altogether, 
 issued on the occasion of his centenary, though small in extent, this may truly be 
 Every page is enriched with designs by called a livre de luxe. The text is not 
 Thos. Sulman, beautifully engraved on worthy of its surroundings, the part 
 wood by G. & A. Young, representing played by the Ballantyne Press in ruining 
 well - known scenes in the Waverley the poet being judiciously ignored. 
 Novels. The title-page is a fine specimen 
 
 Scott (William Bell). Albert Diirer, his Life and Works. London : 
 1869. 8vo. pp. xvi. 324. Several engravings. 
 
 Scriverius (Petrus). — See Schrijver (Pieter). 
 
 Sculptura Histarico-Technica ; or the History and Art of Ingraving 
 (sic). Extracted from Baldinucci, Florent le Comte, Faithorne, 
 the “Abecedario Pittorico,” and other Authors. London : 1747. 
 i2mo. The fourth edition, published in 1770, has the follow- 
 
 ing addition to the title-page : — To which is now added a chrono- 
 logical and historical series of the Painters from the eleventh 
 century. London : 1770. i2mo. With plates, pp. xii. 264. 
 
 The “Sculptura Historico-Technica ” is a revised and enlarged edition of the 
 
 “ Sculptura; or, The History and Art of Chalcography,” cited s. v. Evelyn (J.), <7. v. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 333 
 
 HAGENAU : 
 
 Secer (Johan). 
 
 In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries 
 a remarkably large number of books 
 issued from presses in the small town of 
 Hagenau (also called Haguenau and 
 Hagenaw), not far from Strasbourg. No 
 doubt, the rivalry of trade in the capital 
 induced many printers to settle in the 
 little town. Henry Gran was the first 
 established there, in 1489, and he pub- 
 lished many books, down to 1527. Secer 
 Lauchen, in 1519, was only an author, and 
 not a printer, since the first book bearing 
 
 1523 - 1535 . 
 
 his name, a collection of tracts, is said to 
 be printed by A. Badensis. From the 
 statement, however, “Johannes Secerius 
 Lauchen, excudit formulis Anshelmi 
 Badensis,” it is surmised that Secer com- 
 posed the book himself with the types of 
 Anshelmus. Johan Secer commenced 
 actively printing on his own account 
 only in 1523. The book, from which 
 the annexed device of the Janus head, 
 in a cart ouch, is taken is “Liber His- 
 toriarum partium orientis:” 1529. 4to. 
 
 Seelen (Johann Heinrich von). Ecloga de libro longe rarissimo, ad 
 ipsa typography incunabula pertinente^ Speculum Humana 
 Salvationis. [In “Nova Bibliotheca Lubecensis,” vol. i., pp. 
 69-90.] Lubecse : 1753. 8vo. 
 
334 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Nachricht von dem Ursprung und Fortgang der Buchdruk- 
 
 kerey in der Kays. Freyen und des 1 1 . Rom. Reichs Stadt Eiibeck, 
 worinn die LUbeckischen Buchdrucker und allerley von 1 linen 
 gedruckte merckwiirdige Bucher und Sehrifften angeftihret und 
 beschrieben werden. Bey Gelegenheit des in diesem 1740 sten 
 Jahre einfallenden Buchdrucker-Jubilaei ertheilet, und mit 
 verscliiedenen zur Gelehrten Historic gehorigen Anmerckungen. 
 Liibeck : 1740. 8vo. pp. xvi. 190.. 
 
 Selectorum litterariorum specimina xvi., xvii., xviii., et xix., 
 
 exhibentia supplementum ad M. Maittaire Ann. Typogr. ex libris 
 Lubecensibus concinnatum. Lubecae: 1724 -5. 4to. 
 
 Also in “ Selecta Literaria,” second edition. Lubecae: 1726. 8vo. pp- 547-692. 
 
 Seelhorst (Georg Ph. D.). Katechismus der Galvanoplastik. 
 Second edition. Leipsic : 1879. Foolscap 8vo. pp. xii. 192. 
 Frontispiece and 40 illustrations. . 
 
 This treatise is couched in the simplest language, so that, aided by the illustrations 
 interspersed through the text, the intelligent tyro may easily follow its instructions. 
 A valuable feature of this work is the Bibliography attached. 
 
 Seemiller (Sebastian). Bibliothecae Academicae Ingolstadiensis 
 Incunabula Typographica, seu libri ante annum 1500 impressi 
 circiter mille et quadrigenti ; quos secundum annorum seriem 
 disposuit, d'escripsit, et notis historico-litterariis illustravit. 
 2 parts. Ingolstadt : 1787-92. 4to. Part i., 4 preliminary 
 
 leaves, pp. 192 ; part ii. , pp. xvi. 174, and 5 leaves of index. 
 
 De Bibliis Polyglottis Complutensibus, Notitia Histor. Crit. 
 
 Litteraria. Ingolstadt : 1785. 4to. 
 
 De Latinorum Bibliorum cum notaanni 1462 impressa/duplici 
 
 editione Moguntina, exercitatio bibliographico-critica. Ingolstadt : 
 1785. 4to. 
 
 SLgard (A.). Rapport sur les produits de la typographic (outillage 
 et impressions) exposes a l’Exposition Universelle de 1878. 
 Rouen : 1879. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Seidelin (H[endrik]). Loesendes Aarbog for 1800. Med et Portrait 
 af N. D. . . . Riegels. Samlet, forlagt og trykt af K[laus]. 
 Kobenhavn : 1801. 
 
 An account of Copenhagen Printers from the beginning up to 1800. 
 
 Seiz (Johann Christian). Annus Tertius saecularis inventae artis 
 typographicse, sive brevis historica Enarratio de inventione 
 nobilissima artis typographicae, in qua ostend:tur quo tempore, a 
 quo et ubi locorum ea primum fuerit inventa, post magis magisque 
 exculta et per Orbem Terrarum sparsa? Et quot quantaque 
 commoda ex ea in genus humanum redundarint ? Haarlem : 
 [1741]. 8vo. pp. xxiv. 248, 14 pp. index. 
 
 Following the half-title , is a copper- laurel. Tn the background there are a 
 plate frontispiece, representing a bu'.t of press of the old wooden pattern and 
 “ Roster” on a pedestal ; Victory, flying cases with men working at them. Hang- 
 above, places on his head the crown of ing on the pilasters of an archway are 
 
STATUE OF KOSTER IN THE DOCTORS’ GARDEN, HAARLEM. . — See p. 336. 
 
33 ^ Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 medallions of Scholaker, Janson, Aldus 
 Manutius, Caxton, Mentelin, and J. 
 Froben. 
 
 On the title - page there is the 
 motto from Virgil (Georg., lib. iv., 315, 
 316)— _ 
 
 “ Quis deus hanc, Musae, quis nobis 
 extudit Artem ? 
 
 Unde nova ingressus hominum experi- 
 entia cepit.” 
 
 Under is a copperplate device, part 
 of it representing a printing-office, with 
 the motto, “ labore et diligentia.” The 
 imprint is, “ Harlemij urbe nobilissimee 
 artis typographicse mventrice. Apud 
 Isaacum et Joannem Enschede, urbi 
 ejusdem typographos publicos.” There 
 is a fine head-piece over the dedication to 
 the Very Rev. D. Joannus, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, Primate of Great Britain. 
 
 A Latin translation (with the same plates) of the following : — 
 
 — Ilet derde Jubeljaar der uitgevondene Boekdrukkonst, behel- 
 zende een beknopt historie verhaal van de uitvinding der edele 
 boekdrukkonst ; waar in onpartydig aangewezen word, wanneer, 
 door wien en waar ter plaatse dezelve eerst uitgevonden, vervolgens 
 hoe langer hoe meer beschaafd, en verder door de waereld 
 verspreid is geworden ? en welke groote nuttigheden daar door 
 aan dezelve toegebragt zyn? Haerlem : 1740. 8vo. pp. xxx. 
 258, 15 (index and corrigenda), 5 plates same as the Annus 
 Tertius. 
 
 An account of the third centenary 
 celebration at Haarlem of the invention 
 of Printing, with several plates repre- 
 senting the statue of Koster, his house, 
 and six medals commemorative of him. 
 A list of works relating to the invention 
 of Printing occupies the first sixteen 
 pages of the Latin and first twelve pages 
 of the Dutch version. 
 
 On the preceding page is one of these 
 plates, a view of the monument to Koster, 
 erected in the Doctors’ Garden at Haar- 
 lem. It did not give the date of the inven- 
 tion on the pedestal. In fact, about the 
 early part of the eighteenth century 
 doubts .were rife, even in Holland, as to 
 the claim of Koster. To remove those 
 doubts, Seiz undertook to furnish a true 
 and rational account of the invention. 
 He brought forward an entirely new 
 chronology, for which he gave no 
 authority, and one that is to be attributed 
 entirely to an imagination disordered by 
 national pride. 
 
 In 1740, upon the occasion _ of the 
 third jubilee of Koster’s invention, two 
 silver medals were struck. We reproduce 
 
 both of these, also from the work of 
 Seiz. 
 
 The house in which Koster lived is 
 always said to be a tavern ( vide Koster). 
 The engraving we give (from Seiz) at 
 p. 338 shows how the edifice appeared in 
 1740. When John Bagford first saw the 
 place, in 1706, it was a cheese-shop. 
 In 1761, Moses van Hulkenroy, a prin- 
 ter, lived in part of it, and the other 
 part was occupied as an inn, then 
 called “The Golden Fleece.” In 1813, 
 the centre building was used as a public- 
 house. It fell into ruins on the 13th 
 May, 1818, but it has. since been re- 
 built, and a tablet inserted in memory of 
 Koster. It is probable that it was an inn 
 when Junius wrote “ Batavia,” but that 
 he refrained from mentioning this fact. 
 
 The inscription under the engraving in 
 the work of Seiz is, “ Conspectus ACditum, 
 olim ab inventore nobilissimae artis typo- 
 graphicse Laurentio Jansz. Kostero, Har- 
 lemi habitatarum ad forum magnum, ej us- 
 que Imago perpetuae memoriae ergo in 
 cacumine Domus numero 2 notatae est 
 collocata.” 
 
 Selecta Artis Typographicse Monumenta, sive Catalogus librorum 
 seculo xv° impressorum ad omnes doctrinas spectantium qui pro 
 adjectis in margine pretiis parataque pecunia, publica auctionis 
 lege divendentur d. 18. Jun. a.c. et seq. Turici Helvet. : 1810. 
 8vo. pp. 80. 
 
 Sell (Ernst). Ein Lebensbild aus der Druckerei des Leipziger Tage- 
 blattes, veranschaulicht durch gesammelte Miscellen. Leipzig : 
 1881. 8vo. 
 
MEDALS IN HONOUR OF KOSTER. — See p. 336. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 2 X 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 HOUSE OF ROSTER” AT HAARLEM IN 174O.— .SV? p. 336. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 339 
 
 Selves, Fii.s. La Lithographic appliqu^e a l’enseignement. Paris; 
 1823. 8vo. 1 leaf. 
 
 Semler (Johan Salmo). Sammlungen zur Geschichle tier Form- 
 sclmcidekunst in Deutschland. Leipzig: 1782. 8vo. 
 
 Only one part of it was published, treating of embossed book-covers. 
 
 Semeiterno (Christ. Leonh.). Vertrauliche Unterredung zwischen 
 Fortunatus und Florianus von dem zu Franckfurt zu feyrenden 
 300-jahrigen Buchdrucker-Jubilao, welches mit hochobrigk. Er- 
 laubniss den 24. Juni 1740, am Tage Johannis des Tiiufers wird 
 begangen werden. Franckfurt a. M. : 1740. 8vo. 1 sheet. 
 
 Senemer (Jean). Histoire litteraire de Geneve. Geneve: 1786. 8vo. 
 
 Vol. i.j^pp. 29, 30. Les commencemens de l’imprimerie a Geneve, pp. 345-379 
 Robert Etienne I., Henri Etienne II., Paul Etienne. Vol. ii., pp. 46-48, Jean 
 Crispin ou Crespin ; p. 48, Jean de Tournes ; pp. 50-52, Conrad Badius ; p. 229, 
 Pyramus de Candaule. 
 
 Senefelder ([Johann] Aloys). Vollstandiges Lehrbuch der Stein- 
 druckerey, enthaltend eine richtige und deutliche Anweisung zu 
 den verschiedenen Manipulations-Arten derselben in alien ihren 
 Zweigen und Manieren, belegt mit den nothigen Musterblattern, 
 nebst einer vorangehenden ausfiihrlichen Geschichte dieser Kunst 
 von ihrem Entstehen bis auf gegenwartige Zeit. Verfasst und 
 herausgegeben von dem Erfinder der Lithographic und chemischen 
 Druckerey Alois Senefelder. Mit einer Vorrede des Generai- 
 Secretars der Konigl. Akademie der Wiss. zu Miinchen, des 
 Directors Friederich von Schlichtegroll. Miinchen und Wien: 
 
 1818. 4to. pp. xvi. 372. 19 plates. Second edition. 
 
 Miinchen : 1821. 4to. Miinchen : 1827. 4to. pp. xiv. 
 
 370. Two plates of litho-press. 
 
 The original work (dedicated to Maximilian Joseph, King of Bavaria), of which 
 “A Complete Course of Lithography,” and “ L’Art de la Lithographic,” cited 
 below, were respectively the English and French translatipns. 
 
 L’Art de la Lithographic, ou instruction pratique contenant 
 
 la description claire et succincte des differens procedes a suivre 
 pour dessiner, graver, et im primer sur pierre. Precedee d’une 
 Llistoire de la Lithograph ie et de ses divers progres. Munich : 
 
 1819. 8 vo. pp. iv. 230. 1 plate. 
 
 This is an octavo abridgment of the edition published in Paris and mentioned 
 original German work translated into below, but it has only one plate. We are 
 French, dedicated to the “Nation eclairee uncertain which edition was the first 
 passionnee pour les arts.” It bears the issued, 
 date 1819, the same as the quarto French 
 
 L’Art de la Lithographic, ou instruction pratique contenant 
 
 la description claire et succincte des differens procedes a suivre 
 pour dessiner, graver, et imprimer sur pierre. Precedee d’une 
 histoire de la lithographic et de ses divers progres. Paris : 1819. 
 4to. pp. iv. 262. Portrait and 20 plates . — See note supra. 
 
340 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 A Complete Course of Lithography : containing Clear and 
 
 Explicit Instructions in all the different branches and manners of 
 that art, accompanied by illustrative specimens of drawings. To 
 which is prefixed a History of Lithography, from its origin to the 
 present time. With a preface by Frederic von Schlichtegroll, 
 Director of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich. Trans- 
 lated from the original ..German by A. S. . London : 1819. 
 
 Demy 4to. pp. xxix. 342. 
 
 The first book published in this country voted to an elucidation of the practical 
 on the subject of Lithography. It con- working and applications of Lithography, 
 tains a history of the art from 1796 to and is illustrated by 14 plates in the 
 18x7 — two years before the publication of various styles, including a portrait of 
 the work The rest of the work is de- Senefelder. 
 
 Specification, a.d. 1801, No. 2,518. London. 8vo. pp. 18 
 
 and a folding plate. 
 
 This specification of Senefelder’s patent may still be purchased at the Patent 
 Office, and (especially in the folding plate, where all the original rudeness of the 
 earliest lithographic press is portrayed) offers a curious contrast to the modern steam 
 press. 
 
 Lithography. Stone Paper invented by Mr. Aloys Senefelder, 
 
 and Portable Press adapted to its use, with a Metallic economical 
 Plate for multiplying all kinds of Drawing, Composition, Manu- 
 scripts, and the more easy copying of Letters. London : 1821. 
 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 This brochure was issued by the firm of Howlett & Brimmer, of 10, Frith Street, 
 Soho. 
 
 Details concernant la Lithographic et du papier lithographique. 
 
 [In “Revue Encyclopedique,” tome iii., p. 593. Paris.] 
 
 Articles in Notes and Queries. Fourth Series, vol. iv., pp. 
 
 109-129; vol. v., p. 235. 
 
 These articles furnish also some bio- 
 graphical particulars of Rudolph Acker- 
 mann, the celebrated print publisher of 
 the Strand, whose early connexion with 
 Lithography is described. He may be 
 said to have introduced it into England, 
 and certainly devoted much time and 
 money in popularising what was at the 
 time a perfect novelty. He was not 
 content with translating Senefelder’s 
 “Treatise,” in 1819, but made a journey 
 to the residence of the inventor, in 
 order to exchange the results of their 
 theory and practice before producing 
 the “ Complete Course of Lithography.” 
 
 Musterbuch fiber alle lithographischen Ivunstmanieren. 
 
 Mfinchen : 1809-10. A folio pamphlet. 
 
 Johann Aloys Senefelder was born named Theobald, Georges, Clement, and 
 at Prague on the 6th November, 1771, two daughters. 
 
 and died at Munich on the 26th of Febru- At the age of 15 years he was sent to 
 ary, 1834. He was the eldest son of Peter the University of Ingolstadt to study 
 Senefelder, an actor at the Court Theatre, law, as his father was desirous that his 
 Munich, who had five other children, son should not embrace his own profes- 
 
 The business relations between leading 
 artists and Mr. Ackermann enabled him 
 to induce them to take up the lithogra- 
 phic chalk method ; so in 1817', through 
 Prout and others, the process became an 
 acceptable, or rather a fashionable, mode 
 of multiplying drawings. For want of 
 such advantages the process, when first 
 brought over to this country by M. An- 
 dre, of Offenbach, in its rude state, had 
 received no improvement, and its sub- 
 sequent success may be attributed to 
 Mr. Ackermann’s personal emulation of 
 the progress made in it at Munich. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 34 1 
 
 sion, although the youth evinced a de- 
 cided bias towards it. On his father’s 
 death, Senefelder was free to adopt his 
 
 author, a line of art in which he had 
 already made some essays. 
 
 The success which he obtained in 1789 
 
 ALOYS SENEFELDER, AFTER HANFSTAENGL. 
 
 own course, and he abandoned his Uni- as the writer of a trifling piece called “ The 
 versity studies and embraced with much Connoisseur of Women” (Der Msedchen- 
 ardour the occupation of a dramatic Kenner), and in which he also performed 
 
342 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 a part, led him to believe that his talents 
 lay in that direction, and that a great 
 future was in store for him. From this 
 time forward, accordingly, he deter- 
 mined to appear before the world as 
 author and actor. He was not, however, 
 able to procure an engagement at the 
 Court Theatre at Munich, and was 
 obliged to travel with a company of 
 strolling players. In this way he visited 
 Nuremberg, Bamberg, Augsburg, Ratis- 
 bon, and Erlangen. 
 
 In place of the pleasure and glory which 
 he anticipated, he experienced only vexa- 
 tion and privatiqri. Disabused thus of his 
 theatrical illusions, Senefelder determined 
 to devote himself entirely to literature. 
 In order to become known, he resolved 
 to get printed and published a number of 
 theatrical pieces which he had previously 
 composed. Then, as now, great diffi- 
 culties stood in the way of the young 
 author, and those difficulties were vastly 
 increased if he were unknown, without 
 patronage, and poor, like Senefelder. 
 He was able, nevertheless, to find a 
 publisher, who promised him a certain 
 sum for his books, but only on the. con- 
 dition that they should be ready for sale 
 at the Easter Book-fair at Leipsic. To 
 hasten the work, Senefelder went him- 
 self to the printing-office and assisted both 
 at case and at press ; but, notwithstanding 
 his zeal and exertions, the printing was not 
 finished until the time for doing it had been 
 exceeded by fifteen days. The result was 
 that Senefelder lost the reward of his 
 labours, for what he received from the 
 publisher was barely sufficient to cover 
 the cost of production. The name of this 
 play is not recorded, but we have found 
 in the library of the British Museum a 
 little work entitled “ Mathilde von Alten- 
 stein, oder die Barenhohle, ein ritterliches 
 Schauspiel in fiinf Aufziigen, von Johann 
 Aloys Senefelder.” The imprint is 
 “ Miinchen, 1793, gedruckt bey Franz 
 Seraph Hubschmann.” There are xxii. 
 and 148 pages, 8vo. It may be the same 
 work whose non-production to time led 
 Senefelder to adopt a course fraught with 
 such momentous after-results. 
 
 It now appeared to Senefelder that if 
 he only had a small press of his own he 
 would not be exposed to the perils of 
 delay on the part of printers, and, besides, 
 would be able to save money in the cost 
 of printing. He would be independent 
 of external assistance, and naturally could 
 count on himself. This seemed to be 
 “ a revelation ” to the impecunious au- 
 thor, and the more he pondered over 
 it the more evident it became to him 
 that his first step must be the acquisition 
 
 of a small printing plant. There existed, 
 however, a great an almost insurmount- 
 able — difficulty in the realisation of this 
 idea. How was he to procure the money 
 for purchasing his materials ? When his 
 resources were all reckoned- up, they 
 amounted to nothing like the necessary 
 sum. This last circumstance, disastrous 
 as it would have been to the hopes of 
 most projectors, was the cause that, in 
 the end, led up to the discovery of 
 Lithography. If Senefelder had possessed 
 the funds for procuring a press and some 
 founts of types, he would simply have 
 printed his works in the ordinary way. 
 In this, as in most instances, “ necessity” 
 was the “mother of invention.” 
 
 The first experiments made by Sene- 
 felder were accordingly undertaken with 
 the view of discovering a substitute for 
 letterpress printing,— a process that could 
 be carried on with little or no plant and 
 at very slight expense. He began by 
 trying to form a kind of stereotype plate. 
 He made a soft paste of clay, fine sand, 
 flour, and pulverised charcoal, and 
 stamped upon its surface words and en- 
 tire lines to imitate the ordinary typo- 
 graphic arrangement. He took a cast 
 from this in sealing-wax, which became a 
 raised surface like that of type ; the plate, 
 however, was excessively brittle, and 
 broke under the least impression. The 
 idea of the process generally was re- 
 markable, for there is reason to believe 
 that Senefelder had never heard of stereo- 
 typing. 
 
 Abandoning at once a system which 
 gave no practical results, and, moreover, 
 was too costly for his limited finances, he 
 tried the plan of writing the reverse way 
 on a plate of copper, which he covered with 
 engravers’ etching-ground, intending to 
 etch the plate in the ordinary copper-plate 
 manner. The difficulties that presented 
 themselves here were the trouble of 
 making the writing, and especially of 
 making corrections ; but, above all, the 
 cost of the copper, each plate of which 
 could hardly be used more than once. 
 He was therefore compelled to search 
 for some less expensive material than 
 copper. Pewter plates, as we are told 
 by Senefelder, were next tried, but the 
 etching on this material was very diffi- 
 cult. The frequent corrections which 
 were necessary, made by using an eraser 
 of stone, wore away the pewter and 
 rendered the plate too thin. He seemed 
 now to have got to the end of his ex- 
 pedients, and, what was worse perhaps, 
 found himself in actual poverty. It was 
 when in this miserable condition that the 
 idea occurred to him of trying plates of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 343 
 
 the Kchlheim stone, which was found in 
 abundance in the neighbourhood. This 
 stone is also called Solenhofen stone, that 
 being the port to which it is usually 
 conveyed from the quarries. The white 
 colour of this stone, and the polish that 
 could be readily given to it, recommended 
 it, he thought, as being useful for prac- 
 tising upon. Above all, it was to be had 
 at a low cost, in small and comparatively 
 thin pieces. To these circumstances are 
 to be attributed Senefelder’s recourse to 
 this material, which forms the foundation 
 of his great invention. 
 
 Continuing his experiments, Senefelder 
 made a varnish composed of wax, soap, 
 and essence of turpentine, as a base. He 
 spread this varnish over a polished stone, 
 as he had done over the metal plate ; 
 he pierced or scratched the varnish with 
 a steel point, as in etching; and bit in the 
 plate. He was afterwards able to take 
 proofs in a copper-plate press with an ink 
 made of oil, Frankfort black, and a little 
 oil of tartar. He wiped the superfluous 
 ink from the stone plate with water, made 
 alkaline with potash and a little kitchen 
 salt. 
 
 The proofs thus obtained were, as may 
 be expected, at first very unsatisfactory, 
 partly owing to Senefelder’s want of 
 knowledge of the art of copperplate 
 printing, but chiefly through the exces- 
 sive porosity of the stones, which, in 
 conjunction with a somewhat imperfectly 
 polished surface, retained the ink where it 
 ought to have been completely wiped off. 
 
 buch were Senefelder’s early experi- 
 ments in “stone printing,” as he called 
 it, between the years 1791 and 1796. 
 During the whole of this time he was 
 living in the most abject poverty. 
 
 One day in July, 1796, Senefelder 
 was required by his mother to make out 
 a list of the linen given to the laundress. 
 He was not able to lay his hand on a 
 morsel of paper, having used his little 
 stock in taking proofs -from his plates. 
 I11 the hurry he took one of his polished 
 stones and wrote upon it with his ink of 
 soap, wax, and lampblack, the necessary 
 memorandum, intending to copy it on 
 paper when convenient. 
 
 To a man of Senefelder’s bent of mind 
 the least circumstance out of the ordinary 
 course furnished a subject for meditation. 
 He resolved before he obliterated the 
 writing to try the effect of biting the un- 
 covered parts of the stone with acid, so as 
 to leave the writing in relief ; afterwards, 
 he thought he could ink the raisjftl 
 lines with a dabber. To some Sc- 
 tent he was successful, and thus litho- 
 graphy in relief was invented. It was, 
 
 however, only the precursor of “chemical 
 printing,” as the present method of litho- 
 graphy was originally termed ; but it was 
 so promising, that he determined hence- 
 forth to devote himself to perfecting it. 
 He now found himself on the brink of ruin, 
 and resorted to a bold expedient to obtain 
 a fresh supply of money. It was to enlist 
 as a private in the artillery as a substitute 
 for a friend of his, who promised him a 
 premium of 200 florins. This sum he 
 thought would be sufficient to set up his 
 first press, to which he intended to devote 
 all his leisure, and the produce of which, 
 he expected, would soon enable him to 
 purchase his discharge from the army. 
 In this, however, he was doomed to 
 disappointment. He was rejected by the 
 Bavarians as an alien, and left the 
 military quarters at Ingolstadt wretched 
 and despairing, not knowing how to live. 
 
 It would be tedious and painful to 
 follow the unfortunate inventor through 
 all his failures and disappointments. He 
 continued his experiments, notwithstand- 
 ing, for about two years, when he found 
 a friend in the person of M. Gleissner, a 
 composer of music and a member of the 
 band of the Elector of Saxony. Sene- 
 felder says that, when he showed his 
 proofs and explained the manner in 
 which they had been obtained, Gleissner 
 at once offered to go in partnership, and 
 to start a music printing-office. His offers 
 were accepted gladly, and Senefelder and 
 Gleissner set up the first lithographic 
 printing-office in 1796. In this way 
 lithography passed from the stage of a 
 mere experiment to actual application as 
 a reproductive process.' The inventor 
 and his partner-friend printed music from 
 stone on a rough press, first according to 
 the copper-plate method^ and afterwards 
 by that of the typographic. A tympan 
 made of linen was subsequently added to 
 his press, and in this very imperfect way 
 clear proofs of the music were obtained 
 sufficient to satisfy purchasers, — a very 
 noteworthy achievement, all things con- 
 sidered. 
 
 The first production of any consequence 
 that emanated from the lithographic 
 press were twelve airs with an accom- 
 paniment for the piano and two flute 
 parts. The twelve songs were composed, 
 placed on the stone, and 120 copies 
 printed in less than a fortnight. Out. of 
 this transaction, which cost in writing 
 and printing thirty florins, the amount 
 of sales being one hundred florins, a sum 
 of seventy florins was cleared as profit. 
 This was a successful beginning, and 
 Senefelder laid his work before the 
 Electoral Academy of Sciences, rather 
 
344 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 injudiciously stating that the cost of his 
 press was only six florins. He was sur- 
 prised and disappointed when he received 
 twelve florins as a recompense from the 
 vice-president Von Vachiery, who said 
 that he hoped a double recompense 
 would satisfy the expectations of the 
 inventor. 
 
 So promising, however, was the new 
 process, that Senefelder began to en- 
 deavour to increase his facilities for 
 working it, and accordingly constructed 
 a press of much larger size than that 
 hitherto employed. Unfortunately the 
 new press gave impressions with slurs 
 and monks, as a letterpress printer would 
 say. For a long time he was unable to 
 discover the cause of this defect. In 
 the first press the upper cylinder being 
 cracked, Senefelder, to avoid a mark in 
 the work, always started the impression 
 at this part ; thus the sheet of paper was 
 held fast and did not slip. In the new 
 press, on the contrary, the cylinder being 
 smooth, the paper slipped over the 
 polished stone, the result being the slur, 
 which threatened to nullify the value of 
 the new apparatus. Numerous expe- 
 dients were tried to remedy this defect. 
 Another press was constructed in which 
 the pressure, as in printing-presses, .was 
 to be vertical and uniform ; but from this 
 equal impressions could not be obtained 
 from the larger stones. The pressure 
 was increased by means of a lever and a 
 stone of 300 lb. descending from a height 
 of 10 feet, giving a pressure of some 50 
 tons ; but, though good impressions were 
 thus secured, the stones always broke 
 after the second or third application. He 
 was obliged to abandon this press, more- 
 over, as he had a narrow escape of his 
 life by the falling of the heavy stone. 
 Various other presses were tried, till, 
 through the kindness of Mr. Falter, a 
 music -seller at Munich, he had con- 
 structed a large press with two cylinders ; 
 these, provided with the cross, were 
 both turned by the workmen at the 
 same moment, by which perfect impres- 
 sions were produced. Lithography was 
 further applied to commercial work, in 
 printing circulars and visiting - cards, 
 about this time, 1796.. 
 
 It is a somewhat singular coincidence 
 that almost simultaneously M. Schmidt, 
 a professor at the Royal Military College, 
 was making experiments in engraving in 
 relief on stone. On his behalf a claim 
 was afterwards set up as the original 
 inventor of lithography. There is no 
 foundation for it, but those who are in- 
 terested in the circumstance may be 
 referred to the little brochure by Dr. G. K. 
 
 Nagler, entitled "Aloys Senefelder und 
 der geistliche Rath Simon Schmidt,” &c. 
 (Miinchen : 1862. 8vo. -pp. 23). 
 
 About this time Senefelder gained an- 
 other patron, the Rev. Mr. Steiner, who 
 was the official director of the Royal 
 School Establishments, and in that 
 capacity had the superintendence of 
 the office where the books were printed. 
 Senefelder was thus encouraged to im- 
 prove his process, and aided with advice 
 and monetary advances. Messrs. Falter 
 and Steiner also gave him various printing 
 jobs, but he was not able to execute 
 them with sufficient despatch. Besides 
 this, his writing was not good enough, 
 so he employed a writer who traced the 
 characters on paper. To this circum- 
 stance we may attribute the invention 
 of autography (lithography on transfer- 
 paper), one of the most remarkable 
 discoveries of this wonderful man. It 
 is worthy of notice that from 1796 to 
 1799, the date of the discovery of au- 
 tography, Senefelder did not see in his 
 invention a means of dispensing with 
 the ordinary method of relief printing, 
 yet it led the way to an entirely novel 
 and original process. 
 
 Up to this time no one but Senefelder 
 had ever observed the elements of the 
 future invention — the affinity of cal- 
 careous stones for fatty substances, or 
 for the combination of acids, gum arabic, 
 and water, by which we are now able 
 to practise lithographic printing ; yet 
 before the end of 1799 drawing with 
 crayons, pens, and steel points, auto- 
 graphy, transferring to stone both new 
 writings and old impressions, — in fact, 
 all the modern processes of lithography, 
 with trifling differences in some of the 
 details, — had been discovered and practi- 
 cally applied by Senefelder. 
 
 These inventions, with that of a lever 
 press, by which he could take a very con- 
 siderable number of copies in one day, 
 enabled him to carry on his business on 
 a much larger scale than hitherto^ He 
 therefore took his two brothers, Theobald 
 and Georges, into his employ, and en- 
 gaged two apprentices. In 1799 also 
 the King of Bavaria gave him an ex- 
 clusive privilege for practising his new 
 art in that kingdom for the space of 
 fifteen years. 
 
 Falter brought the new process under 
 the notice of an eminent music-publisher 
 at Offenbach and elsewhere, named 
 Philippe Andre. This gentleman took 
 from the beginning a great interest in the 
 method, and first suggested that it was 
 applicable to the reproduction of works 
 of art. Accordingly he entrusted Sene- 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 345 
 
 felder with an order to print a little 
 work called “ Exemples pour les Demoi- 
 selles,” in German characters, with illus- 
 trations. The execution was but poor, 
 as Senefelder had not much practice in 
 writing. Afterwards Bible and devo- 
 tional pictures and similar prints were 
 thus produced. 
 
 M. Andrd now proposed to Senefelder 
 to carry on the business at his own music- 
 printing establishment at Offenbach. 
 Senefelder agreed to this, but remained 
 there only three months, during which 
 time, however, he had instructed various 
 persons in the art. Gleissner, who gene- 
 rally drew the music-notes, accompanied 
 and went home again with him. 
 
 In 1800 a description of the whole art 
 of lithography was registered at the Lon- 
 don Patent Office by M. Philippe Andre, 
 the new partner, and a patent was granted 
 to J. Aloys Senefelder in 1801. In 1801 
 M. Frederic Andre, his brother, applied 
 for at Paris a brevet d' importation, 
 which he obtained on the nth February, 
 1802. A third brother, Antoine, con- 
 ceived a vast partnership scheme for the 
 carrying on of lithography on a commer- 
 cial basis in France, England, and Ger- 
 many, — a project whichfailed in the very 
 beginning, for Senefelder was not a man 
 adapted to conduct profitably a large 
 concern. The work of the laboratory, 
 studies and researches for carrying out 
 new ideas, were his forte ; the commer- 
 cial development of the art, and, above 
 all, the direction of workpeople, were 
 beyond his powers. Everything was in 
 disorder in a workshop under his manage- 
 ment. People brought into contact with 
 him were astonished that a man so dis- 
 tinguished in other ways was so w eak in 
 this respect. He would work hard for a 
 month, and find at the end that he 
 had actually spent more than he had 
 earned. 
 
 The family of Gleissner, which was a 
 pretty large one, and Senefelder’s two 
 brothers, Georges and Theobald, stuck 
 closely to Senefelder from a merely sordid 
 motive, and their envious dispositions 
 greatly added to the troubles and per- 
 plexities which he had now to encounter. 
 Here it may be stated » that Georges 
 Senefelder, after having worked in various 
 establishments for about ten years, and 
 visited several European countries, 
 spreading a knowledge of his brother’s 
 process, died in America. Theobald, an 
 excellent workman, especially in colour- 
 printing, went to Paris with Aloys in 
 1821. He afterwards lived in obscurity 
 in Munich. Clement, a man of an easy 
 and genial disposition, afterwards be- 
 
 VOL. II. 2 
 
 came one of the best pen-and-ink writers 
 and designers in Munich. 
 
 To return to Aloys Senefelder. In 
 1800 he went to London, accompanied by 
 M. Andre, but states that he was there 
 kept in comparative privacy during seven 
 months in which M. Andre was going 
 through France. 
 
 It has already been stated that Andre, 
 in conjunction with Senefelder, had ob- 
 tained a brevet d' importation at Paris 
 in 1802. He then opened a printing- 
 office, upon which he spent a consider- 
 able sum of money. The French public 
 regarded the new art with little favour, 
 partly owing to the imperfect manner 
 in which it was practised, and Andre 
 abandoned his enterprise and sold a 
 portion of his apparatus. The Society 
 for the Encouragement of the Arts 
 granted him a medal of silver in 1816 
 for having introduced into France the 
 lithographic method. It was under these 
 circumstances, and to make use of the 
 
 ortion of the plant left by Andre, that 
 
 I. Knecht went for the first time to 
 Paris. 
 
 Lying before us is a lithographed 
 Invitation -note, of small post octavo 
 size, and headed “Lithography.” It is 
 without full date, and reads as follows : — 
 
 “The honour of your company is 
 requested at a meeting which will take 
 place on the 23rd of this month at the 
 house of Messrs. Treuttel & Co., 30, 
 Soho Square, to view the operation of 
 the Stone Paper, metal plates, & portable 
 Presses, invented by Mr. Aloys Sene- 
 felder. 
 
 “The meeting will commence at one 
 and finish at four o’clock. 
 
 “ L. Knecht, 
 
 “ Partner with Mr. Senefelder. 
 
 “ Copy on Stone Paper 
 
 Written by J. Netherclift, Rathbone 
 Place.” 
 
 The time which Senefelder passed in 
 London was not entirely lost, for he de- 
 voted himself to the study of chemistry, 
 chiefly as relates to dyeing and the 
 improvement of his drawing -ink and 
 other materials. 
 
 In 1802 Senefelder was sent to Paris 
 by Andre to start an office there ; so 
 far as we are aware, however^ Sene- 
 felder does not himself record going 
 to Paris. Neither office, London nor 
 Paris, was successful, and Senefelder left 
 Andre in order to begin printing at 
 Vienna with Gleissner. He obtained, 
 in 1803, in the Austrian capital, an ex- 
 clusive privilege for lithography which 
 
 Y 
 
346 
 
 Bibliography of Pi'inting. 
 
 he transferred, on very unfavourable 
 terms to himself, in 1806, to M. Steiner, 
 who was partner with himself and 
 Von Hartl. He then went back to 
 Offenbach, to rejoin his family and that 
 of Gleissner. Thence he travelled to 
 Vienna, and afterwards back again to 
 Munich, where he arrived in 1806. These 
 journeys were made in the company of 
 Von Hart!,, and Senefelder had various 
 objects in view. 
 
 Thus, in 1803, in conjunction with 
 Steiner and Grasnitzky, he established a 
 lithographic office in Vienna. The pro- 
 ductions of the partnership were pub- 
 lished by P. Rehm & Co., but the con- 
 cern was unsuccessful financially, and 
 was ultimately sold to Steiner. Indeed, 
 Senefelder was unfortunate everywhere. 
 At Puffendorff he carried on anew his 
 experiments in calico - printing, which 
 was always a favourite idea with him. 
 He was himself all the time working 
 assiduously in • the completion of his 
 invention, making many improvements, 
 such as applying it to the printing of 
 stuffs, making coloured papers, devising 
 new printing-inks, and mordants for 
 printing cloth. 
 
 He again set up a press at Munich, 
 and then went into partnership with 
 Baron Aretin, who expressed himself as 
 being disposed to embark along with 
 Gleissner and Senefelder in an extensive 
 lithographic printing-office. The part- 
 nership lasted four years, and during 
 that time a great number of publications 
 were issued which attracted considerable 
 public attention. The first of them were 
 reproductions of drawings by Albert 
 Diirer, which were received with great 
 favour. In 1806, Mitterer, the professor 
 of drawing at the Public School, Munich, 
 was multiplying copies of his drawings 
 by lithography ; six presses were at work 
 in the city in 1809. 
 
 In October, 1809, Senefelder was ap- 
 pointed by the king Inspectoral the Royal 
 Lithographic Establishment at Munich, 
 and was soon engaged in printing a map 
 of Bavaria. He was to have a salary of 
 1,500 florins (^112), which, he said, “has 
 made my fortune and secured me from 
 want for the res l of my life, and placed 
 me in such circumstances that I need 
 not look to my art alone as a means of 
 subsistence.” A. short time afterwards 
 Senefelder was again doome.d to dis- 
 appointment, for the establishment was 
 given up. 
 
 During frequent travels and the wars 
 in Germany, which became an obstacle 
 to the spread of the art, the Count De 
 Lasteyrie and Godefroy Engelmann 
 
 visited Munich to investigate the new 
 process. They obtained the necessary 
 knowledge for carrying on lithography 
 as a business enterprise. By the end of 
 1815, Lasteyrie had opened a workshop 
 in Paris, while G. Engelmann, at Mul- 
 house, became a pupil. 
 
 The year following there were in ex- 
 istence in Paris, along with the original 
 establishment, those of Constans, of 
 Villain, and of Engelmann, who had set 
 up in business there. 
 
 Apropos of Count de Lasteyrie’s con- 
 nexion with Lithography, our friend 
 M. Alkan, aine, of Neuilly, near Paris, 
 writes to us : — “We possess, among our 
 collection, a plaster medallion of M. de 
 Lasteyrie, 30 centimetres in diameter. 
 The head is turned to the right. It is 
 signed ‘ Eugenie,’ and a monogram fol- 
 lows, with the date 1866. To the left of 
 the bust are the words : 1 Monsieur le 
 Comte de Lasteyrie, importateur de la 
 Lithographic en France, et inventeur de 
 l’Autographie.’ On the right : ‘ II refusa, 
 en faveur de la France, sa patrie, le 
 privilege exclusif que le Gouvernement 
 lui oftrit pour 7 annees.’ At the top : 
 ‘A Messieurs les dessinateurs et im- 
 primeurs-lithographes.’ It is well known 
 that M. de Lasteyrie allied himself with 
 the house of La Fayette.” 
 
 In 1818 Senefelder published his manual 
 of lithography, under the title of “ Voll- 
 standiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerey,” 
 as stated above. It contained 19 plates, 
 executed by the new process, was 
 dedicated to King Maximilian of Bavaria, 
 and bore a preface by the secretary of 
 the “ Akademie der Wissenschaften zu 
 Miinchen.” It is stated that the ex- 
 penses of publication were borne con- 
 jointly by Senefelder and Andre. 
 
 Later on, M. Knecht accompanied 
 Senefelder, about the end of 1818, when 
 he went along with his family to publish 
 a French translation of the work just 
 mentioned. The chief part of this trans- 
 lation was the work of M. Knecht, .who 
 also himself printed the plates which 
 accompanied it. Some of these plates 
 were executed by Senefelder himself, who, 
 not being desirous of founding a house of 
 business there, constructed at a small cost 
 a press. MM. Treuttel and Wiirtz, pub- 
 lishers of the book, behaved with much 
 liberality, and assisted Senefelder to the 
 utmost of their power. They also pro- 
 posed to him the formation of a partner- 
 ship for the manufacture of artificial 
 stones. The title of the work, as given 
 above, is “ L’Art de la Lithographic,” 
 and it bore the date 18x9. In the same 
 year, as above noted, an edition in octavo, 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 347 
 
 extending to 230 pages, was published, 
 “chez l’auteur, at Munich. In the pre- 
 face it is stated that this work presents 
 to some extent a translation of that 
 which had appeared a little time pre- 
 viously at Munich, the account of the 
 history of the discovery being con- 
 densed, as it was thought to be too 
 much in detail. This work is illus- 
 trated only by a folding plate as frontis- 
 piece, of a press built according to Sene- 
 felder’s English patent. 
 
 The little workshop occupied by Sene- 
 felder in the Rue Servandoni was fre- 
 quently visited by some of the most 
 remarkable men of the time. Count 
 Simeon, then Minister of the Interior, 
 Counts De Lasteyrie, Chaptal, D’Haute- 
 rive. Lord Spencer, and Lord Essex 
 were among the visitors ; ambassadors, 
 men of science, and others did not disdain 
 to interest themselves in the smallest 
 details of the process. The inventor 
 himself made no mystery of any part of 
 his discovery, and replied to all questions 
 put to him. 
 
 As a matter of historical interest we 
 append a copy of the form of invitation 
 which Senefelder first sent out. It is 
 very neatly written, and printed in litho- 
 graphy on foolscap 4to. paper, and runs 
 as follows : — 
 
 PRESSES PORTATIVES 
 Perfectionnees, 
 
 Pour la copie et la multiplication des 
 lettres, prix-courants, circulaires, cote de 
 jour, &c., avec la plus grande simplicity, 
 rapidite et economic.* 
 
 M r . Senefelder, inventeur de la Litho- 
 graphic, a mis tous les soins possibles 
 pour rendre 1’ visage de ces presses general 
 et facile ; ses recherches ont ete cou- 
 ronnees du plus heureux succes : il a 
 l’honneur de vous inviter a vouloir bien 
 assister aux seances qu’il se propose 
 donner tous les mercredis et vendredis, 
 depuis midi jusqu’a 4 heures, rue Ser- 
 vandoni N° 13, pour vous convaincre de 
 quelle utilite ces presses peuvent etre 
 pour le commerce. 
 
 Cette circulaire servira de carte d’en- 
 tree, soit pour vous ou pour les personnes 
 que vous voudriez envoyer a votre place. 
 
 * les presses sont confectionnees de 
 maniere qu’on puisse imprimer i°. sur 
 pierre Iith. 2 0 . sur une planche dite 
 economique. 3 0 . sur cartons, planches et 
 papier lith. Elies servent egalement pour 
 la copie des lettres a l’encre ordinaire, et 
 
 pour l’impression des planches en cuivre 
 et en etain ; ces presses etant fermdes, 
 ressemblent h une chatouille d’acajou et 
 ne tiennent que 12 sur 18 pouces d’em- 
 placement. 
 
 Senefelder remained over two years in 
 Paris, occupying himself, among other 
 things, in the manufacture and sale of his 
 portable presses. An account of these 
 will be found under the heading of “ Une 
 Presse Lithographique portative,” in 
 “Archives des Decouvertes et Inven- 
 tions,” tome xiv., p. 426, published at 
 Paris, 1821. He also experimented upon 
 the substitution of zinc for stone, in 
 making lithographic paper, and devising 
 improvements in the printing-press. 
 
 He was working on the second part of 
 his “ Traite de l’Art Lithographique,” 
 when the newspapers, in reading which he 
 found much pleasure, diverted his atten- 
 tion to some subjects altogether foreign 
 to the nature of his invention. Among 
 other things was the discovery of a better 
 kind of blue for printing stuffs, and a 
 means of navigating balloons in the air 
 irrespective of the direction of the winds, 
 a problem for the solution of which the 
 English Government had offered a large 
 prize in money. 
 
 Senefelder applied himself to these 
 subjects with all the enthusiasm of his 
 nature. He left his presses, which were 
 giving work to five or six artisans, and 
 threw all his energies into the search for 
 this new blue. Twenty days afterwards 
 he wrote to M. Obercamp at Jouv, to get 
 him to try the new substance which he 
 had invented. M. Obercamp was travel- 
 ling, and did not reply, and the blue 
 rested there. 
 
 As far as the balloons were concerned, 
 Senefelder, always versatile, transformed 
 his workshop into a laboratory. He 
 procured all the books which he could find 
 on the subject, and which were likely to 
 assist him in his investigations. Shortly 
 there floated in the air in his room — 
 formerly a part of the Hotel Roquelaure 
 — half a dozen little balloons, to which 
 little cars were suspended by silken 
 strings. 
 
 Senefelder, carrying a huge bellows, 
 stood by the balloons, attempting to 
 demonstrate that he had solved the 
 problem, by establishing a sort of counter- 
 poise between the balloon and the car. 
 A bystander happening to hazard the 
 opinion that the physical conditions of 
 the toy-balloon and of one suspended in 
 the air were altogether different, Sene- 
 felder was led to see the folly of his 
 proposals, and at once returned to his 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 348 
 
 lithographic labours. This trait of cha- 
 racter was but a specimen of many that 
 indicated the wide range of his investiga- 
 tions. 
 
 In 1819 an English translation of 
 Senefelder’s lithographic manual was 
 published, as above stated, under the 
 title of “A Complete Course of Litho- 
 graphy,” “with a preface by F. von 
 Schlichtegroll, translated from the 
 original by A. S.” The translation was 
 brought out by Mr. Rudolph Ackermann, 
 an extensive printseller in the Strand, 
 who in various ways materially'promoted 
 the progress of lithography after it was 
 introduced into England. 
 
 Senefelder was not destined to revisit 
 Paris a third time. After having founded 
 at Vienna anew establishment, he retired 
 to Munich, where the remainder of his 
 life was honourably and peacefully passed 
 in the enjoyment of a pension granted by 
 the King of Bavaria. He died in that 
 city, as already stated, at the age of 
 63 years, after a short illness which he 
 had contracted about a month before 
 his death. 
 
 At the post-mortem examination of his 
 body there were found embedded in the 
 brain, and covered with a white integu- 
 ment, two small stones, each of the size 
 of a hazel-nut. These stones, called at 
 Munich Feuersteine, were deposited at 
 the Polytechnic Society. It is said that 
 the malady is extremely rare, and the 
 discovery probably explains the frequent 
 attacks of violent headache from which 
 Senefelder suffered so acutely. 
 
 Senefelder married first, in 1810, ayoung 
 girl of 16 years of age, who died in giving 
 birth to a son, Henri. This son grew up, 
 and at the time of his father’s death was 
 about 20 years of age. Devoid of educa- 
 tion, without parental control or any 
 means whatever, his sole possession was 
 his father’s name. Being of a changeable 
 and easily-led disposition, he abandoned 
 Munich and lived some years in Vienna 
 and Berlin, where he married. Later, he 
 established himself at Hamburg, where 
 he lost, in the great fire, all that he had. 
 On returning to Munich with his wife 
 and two children in a state of abject 
 poverty, the King of Bavaria advanced 
 him 3,000 florins, in order that he might 
 set up a lithographic printing - office. 
 Presses and stones were bought, but 
 before operations could be commenced 
 Henri died on the 30th of September, 
 1846, at the age of 35 years, leaving three 
 orphans — one born almost at the same 
 time as its father died — entirely without 
 resources. 
 
 Aloys Senefelder was married a second 
 
 time, to the niece of a distinguished 
 German composer. 
 
 When a stranger, impressed with the 
 extraordinary genius of Senefelder, visited 
 him, he generally found him in his work- 
 shop with hard and greasy hands, caused 
 by working at the press and at the stones 
 — often covered with black from head to 
 foot. If he were asked how he came by 
 his wonderful discovery, he would reply, 
 with good nature, says M. Knecht, his 
 pupil, “ In writing the bill of my laun- 
 dress.” 
 
 Senefelder was a man of remarkable 
 quickness of perception, and acquired any 
 subject in which he took interest with 
 great rapidity. During his first sojourn 
 in Paris he applied himself to learning the 
 language with such ardour and aptitude 
 that at the end of a month he was able to 
 read the French newspapers, in which he 
 took* great pleasure. 
 
 Senefelder did not possess that “ mar- 
 vellous inventive power ” which some of 
 his eulogists attribute to him. Indeed, 
 his inventive power was not of a high 
 order. He was endowed with a remark- 
 able spirit of perseverance, and in this 
 lies the secret of most of his success. Had 
 he been a greater inventor in a mechanical 
 sense, the construction of a suitable press 
 would not have been a source of so much 
 trouble and labour. Sensitive and gene- 
 rous, he was trusting in the extreme. In 
 society he was reserved, owing partly to 
 a timidity that was natural to him. He 
 never seemed happy unless he was in the 
 midst of his family or in his laboratory — 
 especially there. It is not to be wondered 
 at that, being so absorbed with his dis- 
 coveries, he could give but little attention 
 to the education of his children. 
 
 One of Senefelder’s acquaintances de- 
 scribes him as “ a rather short man, with 
 a pretty-well-developed figure, his long 
 hair hanging wildly and disorderly round 
 his head.” He was a man, however, of 
 “ clear and simple common sense,” with 
 “a good and noble heart.” “ Early in 
 the morning, his head full of new ideas, 
 he would rush to his work. Scarcely had 
 he eaten his simple meal at dinner-time 
 than he would begin reading, and would 
 continue several hours without allowing 
 anything to disturb him — neither noise 
 nor the quarrelling of children or adults. 
 Then he would run off to his retreat, the 
 laboratory, where he was continually 
 mixing, trying, brewing, joinering, 
 modelling, building, until the time drew 
 near which is irresistible to a Bavarian — 
 the charming moment of associating in 
 some public room round the cool refresh- 
 ing cup of beer. As to the management 
 
349 
 
 Bibliography of Printing, 
 
 of the house, the children, or their educa- 
 tion and training, he took little or no 
 care — in fact, none at all.” His second 
 wife was a woman who was altogether 
 destitute of any higher views and aims 
 than household duties, and could not 
 understand, much less appreciate, so ec- 
 centric a husband. 
 
 Senefelder never seemed to begrudge 
 the time or the money which he had 
 so lavishly spent in the pursuit of his 
 grand idea. In the latter days of his 
 career painting became a passion with 
 him, and such was the genius of this 
 extraordinary man that he executed a 
 picture with both merit and originality, 
 although he lacked technical training and 
 a cultivated taste. This unique picture 
 became the property of M. Knecht. 
 
 More fortunate than Gutenberg, Sene- 
 felder was universally appreciated and 
 his abilities acknowledged, and he ob- 
 tained many honours during his lifetime. 
 If only he had possessed habits of order 
 and economy, he might have left behind 
 him a brilliant fortune. Without reckon- 
 ing the ridiculous reward of 12 -florins 
 granted to him by the Academy of 
 Sciences at Munich in 1798, it should be 
 remembered that he obtained afterwards 
 their gold medal from the same body. 
 The King of Bavaria, a beneficent patron 
 of the arts, loaded Senefelder with 
 favours. He granted him a respectable 
 pension during the last years of his life, 
 and after his death erected a mausoleum 
 to his memory. By a singular and un- 
 designed coincidence the mason charged 
 with its erection built it of Kehlheim 
 stone. Several proposals have since been 
 made for the erection of a monument to 
 the Inventor of Lithography, but they 
 have not been carried cut. One of the 
 streets in the capital of Bavaria, however, 
 bears his name. There are also Senefelder 
 streets in Stuttgart and other towns of 
 Germany. The sovereigns of Austria, 
 Saxony, Russia, and England conferred 
 upon him various marks of distinction. 
 In 1819, he was awarded the gold medal 
 of the Society of Arts, London. 
 
 Statues, etc. — The King of Bavaria 
 had a bust of Senefelder cast, and placed 
 it at the head of the most honoured of 
 the national artists. A statuette, in 
 terra cotta, 28 centimetres in height, has 
 been modelled by the sculptor Lauter- 
 bach, of Berlin ; and in the Paris Salon 
 of 1846 there was a statue by Maindron, 
 which was completed in the ateliers of 
 Lemercier, the celebrated French litho- 
 grapher. A monumental bust has been 
 erected to Senefelder at Munich. 
 
 Portraits 0/ Senefelder. — Portraits of 
 the inventor of Lithography have ap- 
 peared in “ L’Art de la Lithographic,” 
 Paris, 1819; “A Complete Course of 
 Lithography,” London, 1819 ; in the 
 Illustrirte Zeitung ,. 1871 (Leipzig), No. 
 1479; in Ueber Land tend Meer , 1871 
 (Stuttgart), No. 6 ; the Chroniqice de 
 1 1 mprmierie, 1880 (Paris), No. 2 ; the 
 Senefelder- Album (Hamburg), and the 
 Lithographer, 1874 (London). 
 
 Two portraits of Senefelder are extant. 
 With a copy of one of these was pub- 
 lished, in the Lithographer , a state- 
 ment furnished by a correspondent— 
 a well-known lithographer — to the effect 
 that the only portrait of Senefelder taken 
 from life was drawn by M. Hanfstaengl 
 of Munich, an intimate friend of the 
 original. Appended to this was a 
 curious story as to a presentiment said to 
 have been entertained by Senefelder, who 
 believed that if any one took his portrait 
 his decease would soon follow. Conse- 
 quently he could never be persuaded to 
 have that done. He was in the habit of 
 visiting M. Hanfstaengl and reading 
 the newspaper aloud, while the latter was 
 at work drawing on the lithographic 
 stone. On one of these occasions M. 
 Hanfstaengl took Senefelder’s portrait on 
 a prepared stone which he had previously 
 concealed in the drawer of his work-table, 
 distracting his attention by frequently 
 referring to a portrait of one of their mu- 
 tual friends hanging near. This caused 
 Senefelder to look up from time to time, 
 and the artist was enabled so to catch the 
 natural and lifelike expression which the 
 portrait possesses. On subsequently 
 showing the portrait on the stone to some 
 friends, he was recommended to ask 
 Senefelder to give him a sitting, which 
 afterwards, with the greatest reluctance, 
 he consented to do. He had not sat 
 longer than half an hour before he com- 
 lained of feeling unwell and cold, and 
 egan to button his coat about him, say- 
 ing that he must go home at once. He 
 left, went to bed, and died three days 
 afterwards, thus strangely fulfilling his 
 own presentiment. A reduced woodcut 
 of the original portrait is given on p. 341. 
 
 Unfortunately for the truth of the 
 above romantic story, a portrait of Sene- 
 felder, different in many respects, was 
 issued, as we have shown above, with 
 his * ‘ Art de la Lithographic, ” pub- 
 lished in 1819. By a fortunate combina- 
 tion of circumstances the original stone 
 has been preserved in the office of MM. 
 Walter Freres of 148, Faubourg St. Denis, 
 Paris, which formerly belonged to Sene- 
 felder himself. The drawing was done 
 
35 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Pri?iti?ig. 
 
 by N. H. Jacob, designer to the Prince of 
 Eichstadt, and copies were published in 
 the French technical Journal, Typologie- 
 Tncker , in 1875. This stone was lent to 
 Mr. C. W. H. Wyman for exhibition, and 
 prints from it were taken, at the Caxton 
 Celebration in 1877. 
 
 In addition to Senefelder’s own account 
 of himself, the perhaps best and most au- 
 thentic history of Senefelder’s career, on 
 the whole, is that contained in the “Nou- 
 veau Manuel Complet de 1 ’Imprimeur 
 Lithographe,” by L. R. Bregeaut (see 
 Br£geaut), a new edition of which was 
 published in 1850, “tres augmentee,” by 
 M. Knecht (see Knecht) and Jules Des- 
 portes (see Desportes). M. Knecht was 
 
 a pupil of Senefelder, and, as already 
 stated, accompanied him to Paris. We 
 are indebted to this memoir for many of 
 the preceding facts. Senefelder’s own 
 works contain a detailed account of his 
 experiments, and there is prefixed to 
 “ L’Art de la Lithographic,’’ already 
 mentioned, a “precis historique de l’in- 
 vention de l’art lithographique, et de ses 
 premiers progres.” We have endeavoured 
 to reconcile several conflicting statements 
 in these accounts, and to fib in details 
 which, though now of interest, seem to 
 have been disregarded at the time. 
 
 A list of authors who have written on 
 Lithography will be found in this Biblio- 
 graphy, s. v. Lithography. 
 
 THE LITHOGRAPHERS’ COAT OF ARMS. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 35 
 
 The Lithographers' Coat of Arms.— 
 Lithographers being desirous of obtain- 
 ing some such distinctive insignia as that 
 granted to letterpress printers by Fre- 
 derick III., Emperor of Germany, Herr 
 Josef Heim, editor of the Freie Kiinste , 
 in 1879 invited designs from all parts of 
 the world in competition. An independent 
 jury of six, including three master-litho- 
 graphers, two academicians, and one 
 architect, undertook to award the prize 
 to the best. That of Herr F. Wiist, a 
 copy of which is given on opposite page, 
 was selected. 
 
 The scutcheon on the right shows 
 lithographic implements. The scutcheon 
 on the left has the letters S E N in the 
 right and left-hand upper corners, resting 
 on what in heraldic language are called 
 “fields ” — German, /elder — thus being a 
 play upon the word Senefelder. The 
 motto borne on the scroll underneath, 
 Saxa loquuntur — the stones speak — has 
 been happily chosen. 
 
 A second coat of arms, differing from 
 the above, has lately been designed by 
 Friedrich Heyer von Rosenfeld, a Cap- 
 tain in the Austrian army, and appears in 
 Dr. Meyer’s second half-volume of the 
 “ History of Printing in Vienna,” about 
 
 to be issued from the Imperial Govern- 
 ment Printing-Office of the Austrian 
 capital. It is an adaptation of the tradi- 
 tional printers’ coat of arms. The shield 
 is transversely divided ; the upper half 
 shows a rising double eagle in black, with 
 a red tongue protruding from its beaks, 
 the head being illuminated in gold. The 
 lower half of the shield has a black 
 ground, and in its centre a lithographic 
 stone in gold, bearing in black the 
 letter “ £5” (for Senefelder). Above the 
 shield is a helmet crowned with gold, 
 having a black-gold cover, and supporting 
 a rising griffin in gold ; the head, neck, 
 and wings of the latter are in black, and 
 the tongue, which protrudes, is in red. 
 The griffin holds by its claws the red pro- 
 jecting handles of a black lithographic 
 roller. The background has been 
 arbitrarily formed of a green-coloured 
 curtain, somewhat in the style of the 
 fifteenth century. The same legend as 
 that before mentioned, Saxa loquuntur, 
 is inscribed on a ribbon at the bottom of 
 the design. We have to thank Ritter 
 von Beck, the able administrator of the 
 Vienna Government Printing-Office, for 
 obliging us with a proof in colours of this 
 coat of arms. 
 
 Senefelder- Album. — See Schlotke. 
 
 Senefelder (Karl). Lehrbuch der Lithographie, oder leichtfasslicher 
 und griindlicher Unterricht, um in kurzer Zeit alle Arten des 
 Steindrucks vollkommen zu erlernen. Mit Abdruck einer Druck- 
 presse. Regensburg : 1833. 8vo. Second edition. Regens- 
 
 burg : 1834. 
 
 SEnemaud (Edmond). Un document inedit sur Antoine Verard, 
 libraire et imprimeur. Renseignements sur le prix des reliures, 
 des miniatures et des imprimes sur velin au I5 me siecle. Angou- 
 leme : 1859. 8vo. pp. 7. 
 
 S£r£ (Ferdinand). — See Lacroix. 
 
 Serna-Santander (Carlos Antonio de la). Catalogue des Livres 
 de la Bibliotheque de M. C. de la Serna Santander ; redige et 
 mis en ordre par lui-meme ; avec des notes bibliographiques et 
 litteraires, etc. 4 vols. Bruxelles (an xi. ) : 1803. 8vo. 
 
 Vol. i., pp. xxxvi. 309; vol. ii., pp. ii. 354; vol. iii. 
 pp. ii. 305 ; vol. iv., pp. ii. 266. 
 
 In the preface it is stated that this is a 
 second edition of a catalogue of M. Serna 
 Santander’s Library, the first having been 
 issued about eleven years previously. 
 The superb collection here described 
 includes works referring to every branch 
 of human knowledge, besides many pre- 
 
 cious manuscripts. There are described 
 a large number of incunabula. Under 
 the heading of Arts Liberaux et Meca- 
 niques (chap, vii., pp. 2450-2627) are cata- 
 logued the works on the arts of design, 
 painting, and engraving ; the art of 
 writing ; letters, stamps, and printing. 
 
352 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 — Dictiohnnire Bibliographic] ue choi§i du quinzieme siecle, ou 
 
 description par ordre alphabetique des editions les plus rares et 
 les plus recherchees du quinzieme siecle ; precede d’un Essai 
 historique sur l’origine de l’lmprimerie, ainsi que sur l’histoire de 
 son etablissement dans les villes, bourgs, monasteres, et autres 
 endroits de l’Europe ; avec la Notice des imprimeurs qui y ont 
 exerce cet art jusqu’a l’an 1500. 3 vols. Bruxelles et Paris : 
 
 An xiii.-xv. (1805-7). 8vo. Vol. i., pp. x. 480; vol. ii., pp. iv. 
 478 ; vol. iii. , pp. ii. 534. 
 
 Six copies printed on large paper in date of the earliest works from the 
 quarto. The first volume is entirely presses of the several cities, as well as 
 occupied with an exhaustive examination the names of the printers. The chief 
 of the evidence procurable at the time part of the essay on the history of 
 as to the invention of Printing, with Printing, which was also originally issued 
 a review of the books written upon the as a separate work in 1805, was trans- 
 subject. There is also a chronological lated by T. Hodgson, and issued as one 
 table of the art of typography as ex- of the “Newcastle Reprints.” — See 
 ercised in the fifteenth century, with the infra. 
 
 Essai Historique sur l’origine de l’lmprimerie, ainsi que sur 
 
 l’histoire de son etablissement dans les Villes, Bourgs, Monasteres 
 et autres endroits de l’Europe; avec la notice des Imprimeurs qui 
 y ont exerce cet art jusqu’a l’an 1500. Bruxelles : 1805. 8vo. 
 
 — An Historical Essay on the Origin of Printing, translated 
 from the French of M. de la Serna Santander. Newcastle : 1819. 
 
 8vo. pp. xiv. 93. 
 
 160 copies printed, of which 30 were 
 on large paper. 
 
 Translated by Thomas Hodgson, for 
 the Typographical Society of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne . — See Hodgson (T.). 
 
 The translator says in the advertise- 
 ment, that “amongst the many essays 
 which have been written upon the history 
 of Printing few have acquired a more 
 merited celebrity than that which is pre- 
 fixed by M. De la Serna Santander to 
 his ‘ Dictionnaire Bibliographique choisi 
 du Quinzieme Siecle.’ The estimation 
 in which it is held by all well-informed 
 
 bibliographers has long pointed it out to 
 the translator as deserving of a more 
 general diffusion than it was likely to 
 attain whilst it remained confined to a 
 foreign language, and formed part of a 
 rather large and expensive publication. 
 This opinion meeting with the approba- 
 tion and coinciding with the object of the 
 Typographical Society of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne, he has, at their request, been 
 induced to make this translation of it.” 
 Some references to the work will be found 
 in this Bibliography, j. v. Koster. 
 
 Memoire sur l’origine et le premier usage des Signatures et des 
 
 Chiffres dans Part typographique; communique a un ami. 
 Bruxelles (an iv.) : 1796. 8vo. pp. 30. 
 
 The author, who was a count by birth, here describes himself as le Citoyen C. de 
 la Serna, bibliothecaire du departement de la Dyle. 
 
 Supplement au Catalogue des Livres de la Bibliotheque de 
 
 M. C. de la Serna Santander, contenant i° Des Observations 
 sur le filigrane du papier des livres imprimes dans le x-v. siecle. 
 2° Un Memoire imprime l’an iv sur le premier usage des signa- 
 tures et des chiffres dans Part typographique. 3 0 Une Preface 
 latine, imprimee Pan viii, sur la vraie Collection des canons de 
 St. Isidore de Seville. 4 0 Lettres servant d’eclaircissement a cette 
 Preface. Bruxelles : an xi (1803). 8vo. 
 
 The British Museum copy is imperfect. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 353 
 
 Serrarius (N.). Dissertatio tie Typographic inventione. Mo- 
 guntic : 1604. 4to. 
 
 Serres (Marcel de). Notice sur l’imprimerie sur pierre. [In “An- 
 nales de Chimie,”tome lxxii. Paris: 1809.] 
 
 Voyage dans l’empire d’Autriclie pendant les annees 1809 et 
 
 1810. Paris: 1814. 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Contains in vol. ii. , pp. 51-180, “ Une Notice sur la Lithographie.”— See 
 Senefelder, supra. 
 
 Serrure (Constant Philippe). Over Nederlandsche boeken in 
 vreemde landen gedrukt. [In “Nederduitsche letteroefeningen” : 
 Gancl : 1834. 8vo.] 
 
 An account of Dutch books printed in England and France. 
 
 Setier. Memoire de M. Setier, Imprimeur a Paris, contre le 
 ministere public. Paris : 1822. 4to. Half-sheet. 
 
 Seyffarth (Gustav). Unumstosslicher Beweis, dass im Jahre 3446 
 vor Christus am siebenten September die Siindfluth geendet habe 
 und die Alphabete aller Volker erfunden seien. Ein Beitrag zur 
 Kirchengeschichte des alten Testamentes u. zur iv. Sacularfeier 
 des Typendruckes. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Seyler (Georg Daniel). Musa Elbingensis jubilans sive actus eucha- 
 risticus in memoriam secularem tertii ab inventa feliciter typo- 
 graphy jubilei in athenseo Drusico dxxiv novbr. mdccxl. 
 Elbing : 1 740. 4to. pp. 56. 
 
 Shackell & Edwards. Specimen of printing inks. London [n. d.]. 
 4to. 57 plates printed in colours. 
 
 Shackell & Lyons. Specimens of Printing Inks. London. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. William Shackell, the founder with him, was brother to Mr. James 
 of this and the previously-named firm, was Edwards, of the firm of Savill & Edwards, 
 a London master-printer of first-rate printers, of Chandos-street, Covent- 
 ability and considerable reputation. He garden. The business of Savill & 
 was proprietor of the John Bull news- Edwards has now, however, been merged 
 paper at the time it was edited by Theodore into that of Ballantyne, Hanson, & Co. (see 
 Hook, and when the case of the unfortu- Scott, ante, “ History of the Ballantyne 
 nate Queen Caroline was the subject of Press”), Mr. James Edwards having re- 
 such violent partisanship in the press, tired. His brother, Mr. F. Edwards, 
 Mr. Shackell relinquished printing, and has been dead some years, and the 
 embarked in the printing-ink business, in printing ink factory of Shackell & 
 which he was very successful, owing to Edwards is now carried on by Mr. 
 his great personal popularity with the Lloyd, formerly an employe of the firm, 
 master-printers of London. The late Mr. who is now, we believe, sole proprietor. 
 
 F. Edwards, who was latterly associated 
 
 Sharwood (S. & T.). Annual Catalogue of Printing Materials. 
 London: 1855-6. 8vo. 
 
 The business of Messrs. S. & T. Sharwood was founded by Mr. J. M. Wood, 
 who was subsequently joined by Messrs. Sharwood ; the firm was in existence for 
 fifteen years, and upon the death of the three partners was thrown into Chancery. 
 
 Sheahan (James W.). The Printer : read before the Franklin 
 Society of the City of Chicago. [Franklin Society Publications, 
 No. 1.] Chicago : 1869. 4to. pp. 20. 
 
 Reprinted in the Lithographer , January and April, 1871. 
 
 VOL. II. 2 Z 
 
354 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Sherman (A. N.). The Printer’s Manual ; or a brief Practical 
 Treatise on the Art of Printing, including some new and im- 
 portant subjects not before discussed. New York : 1834. 64mo. 
 pp. 80. 
 
 Short (A) account of the first use and progress of Printing, with a 
 complete list of the first books that were printed. London : 
 [n. d.] Printed for T. Parker, Junr., in Jewin Street. 64mo. 
 pp. 123. 
 
 The leaves are 2 \ high by 1^ inches wide. One of the rarest books in typo- 
 graphical literature. 
 
 LONDON : 1589-1600. 
 
 Short (Peter). 
 
 This printer lived at the sign of the 
 Star, 'Bread-street Hill. His device is an 
 open book, encompassed in a flaming 
 star, hanging on a garland of laurel, with 
 a pair of wings, held by a hand in the 
 clouds. The whole is in a compartment 
 with the motto : “ Et usque ad nubes 
 veritas tua.” Sometimes he used as a 
 device the brazen serpent adopted by 
 Reginald Wolff, and occasionally by 
 Henry Bynneman. The device annexed 
 
 is taken from “A Book of the Seven 
 Planets, or seven wandering motives of 
 William Alabasters wit, retrograded or 
 removed by John Racster,” London, 
 1598, 4to., dedicated to the Earl of Essex, 
 whose arms are on the back of the title- 
 page. Herbert mentions another edition 
 of this book, with the device of the brazen 
 serpent, printed in the same year, and, 
 like the former, for the bookseller An- 
 drew Wise. 
 
 Shortt (John). The Law 7 relating to works of Literature and Art, 
 embracing the law of Copyright, the law relating to Newspapers, 
 the law relating to Contracts between Authors, Publishers, 
 Printers, &c., and the law of Libel, with the statutes relating 
 thereto ; forms of agreements between authors, publishers, &c., 
 and forms of pleadings. London: 1871. 8vo. pp. xxxii. 780. 
 
 The author, who is a barrister-at-law, also those engaged in literary and artistic 
 of the Middle Temple, states that he has pursuits, whether as authors, editors, or 
 collected the various branches of law publishers, with a complete statement of 
 relating to works of literature and art, the law bearing on the subjects of their 
 with a view of supplying not only the important labours. To the printer the 
 legal profession with such a work, but matter contained in Part ii., consisting of 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 355 
 
 the law relating to newspapers ; in Part and the forms of pleadings in copyright 
 iii., the law of contracts between authors, and libel cases, both criminal and civil, 
 publishers, printers, &c. ; and in Part iv., will be found of value and importance, 
 the law of libel, together with the forms The work contains an excellent table of 
 of agreement for authors, publishers, &c., cases, and an analytical index. 
 
 Sibylla. Oraculum Sibyllas Erythroeae de Typographia, etc. Naum- 
 burg : 1740. Folio. 
 
 Sieger (Eduard). Typographic, Lithographie, Xylographie und 
 Kupferstechkunst. [In “Beitrage zur Geschichte der Gewerbe 
 und Erfindungen Oesterreichs von der Mitte des xviii. Jahrhunderts 
 bis zur Gegenwart.” Redigirt von Dr. W. F. Exner. Vienna : 
 1873. pp. 503 - 5 II-] 
 
 The volume, intended to show the state of the Austrian printing industry, was 
 published during the World’s Exhibition at Vienna, of 1873, Herr Sieger being a 
 prominent master-printer of Vienna, and a competent judge of the different industries 
 treated of in his essay. 
 
 Siennicki (Stanislas Joseph). Les Elzevir de la Bibliotheque de 
 l’Universite Imperiale de Varsovie. Varsovie : 1874. 8vo. 3 
 leaves, pp. 221, 23 plates of Elzevir marks, book-plates of former 
 possessors, &c. 
 
 — Recueil des Editions des Imprimeurs celebres de l’ltalie, de la 
 
 France, et de la Belgique, conservees dans la Bibliotheque de 
 TUniversite Imperiale de Varsovie. Les Aide, Les Junte, Les 
 Estienne, et Les Plantin. Varsovie : 1878. 8vo. pp. xii. 263, 
 41 plates of marks, book-plates, and autographs. 
 
 Only 210 copies on hand-made paper printed. A preliminary prospectus, pp. id, 
 of the work was issued on the occasion of the fete on the birthday of the Emperor 
 Alexander II., December 12th, 1877. 
 
 De Typographia in Claro Monte Czenstochoviensi Librisque 
 
 inejusdem officinaabanno MDCXXVIII usque ad MDCCOLXIV 
 impressis. Varsovise : 1873. i6mo. 4 leaves and pp. 8 3. 
 
 Not printed for sale. After ten pages of an historical account of the Printing- 
 Office, follows a Catalogue of the books printed there. 
 
 Silbermann (Gustave). Album d’impressions typographiques en 
 couleur de rimprimerie. Strasbourg et Paris : 1872. Folio. 
 
 1 page title and 1 page remarks ; pp. 52 plates of coloured 
 designs, figures, &c. 
 
 All splendidly executed. 
 
 Album typographique, publie a l’occasion de la quatrieme fete 
 
 seculaire de l’invention de rimprimerie. Strasbourg : 1840. 
 
 4to. pp. 38. 
 
 A collection of specimens of type, and of various kinds of printing and engraving. 
 
 Celebration de la fete seculaire de rimprimerie dans les siecles 
 
 anterieurs. [In Revue d' Alsace, ii. serie, tome i., pp. 421 428. 
 Strasbourg : 1836.] 
 
35 ^ 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Exposition de 1839. Opinion des journaux sur les produits 
 
 de l’imprimerie de G. Silbermann & Strasbourg. Strasbourg : 
 1839. 8vo. pp. 40. 
 
 Quatrierne fete seculaire de l’invention de rimprimerie. [In 
 
 Revue d' Alsace, ii. serie, tome i., pp. 187-190. Strasbourg: 
 1836.] 
 
 — — Quatrierne Fete seculaire de l’invention de rimprimerie cele- 
 bree a Mayence. [In Revue d' Alsace, ii. serie, tome iii. , pp. 
 344-3.59* 1837.] 8vo. 
 
 Specimen de I’imprimerie de G. Silbermann. Strasbourg : 
 
 1835. 4to. 
 
 Gustave Silbermann was a printer of Strasbourg, where he was born in 1801.; 
 
 he died in Paris, 1876. 
 
 Silbermann et Wernert (L.). Les Fetes de Gutenberg, celebrees a 
 Strasbourg le 24, 25, et 26 Juin, 1840. Relation complete. 
 Strasbourg : 1841. 8vo. pp. 172, with frontispiece, statue 
 of Gutenberg, engraved by Lacoste (jeune) ; and copy of the 
 four bas-reliefs. 
 
 This was also printed, without the names of the authors, as text to the plates of 
 
 the Procession of the Trades at this fete. 
 
 SiLCOX (George W. ). Vienna International Exhibition, 1873. Report 
 on the Art of Printing and on Manufactures of Paper. Washing- 
 ton : 1875. 8vo. pp. 30. 
 
 Silvestre (L. C.). Marques Typographiques, ou recueil des mono- 
 grammes, chiffres, enseignes, emblemes, devises, rebus et fleurons, 
 des libraires et imprimeurs qui ont exerce en France, depuis 
 l’introduction de l’imprimerie en 1470 jusqu’a la fin du seizieme 
 siecle ; a ces marques sont jointes celles des Libraires et Impri- 
 meurs qui pendant la meme periode ont publie, hors de France, 
 des livres en langue franfaise. 2 vols. Paris : 1853, 1867. 
 pp. viii. 4, 1-376; pp. 4, 377-745, and 11. 
 
 Deals only with the marks of French 
 printers and publishers, and of foreigners 
 who printed in the French language. It 
 contains 1310 different devices, engraved 
 on wood in facsimile of the originals — 
 some unfortunately reduced in size to 
 meet the requirements of the pages. The 
 only information given relative to the 
 owners of them is the dates between 
 which they are known to have issued 
 books. The whole is lacking in classi- 
 fication, and makes no pretence to any 
 kind of order, necessitating, consequently, 
 a frequent and often unavailing recourse 
 to the index. The author died before the 
 work was completed, and the descriptive 
 matter, which he predicated would consti- 
 tute the most interesting portion of his 
 publication, was thereby lost. The work 
 
 was originally issued in parts, and the 
 first volume was published by Jannet, 
 who is described on the title-page as 
 successor to the author. Volume ii. was 
 both printed and published by the print- 
 ers, who have taken a very restricted 
 view of their functions. It is to be re- 
 gretted that an enterprise so well con- 
 ceived as that of M. Silvestre should 
 have been so unfortunately thwarted, and 
 that the publisher did not engage a com- 
 petent successor to complete the work. 
 We believe that the blocks used in the 
 work are in the possession of M. 
 Davioud, a Paris architect, who was 
 related to M. Silvestre. Perhaps we may 
 some day have a properly-edited re-issue 
 of the book. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 357 
 
 Silvius (G.). Notes sur G. Silvius, imprimeur d Anvers, 1560-79. 
 [Reprinted from the Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige , 1862.] Brux- 
 elles : 1862. 8vo. pp. 38. 
 
 Gulielmus Silvius was a printer who 
 established himself in Antwerp in 1560, 
 and printed there up to 1579. Silvestre 
 (“ Marques Typ.”) says 1562-1578 ; how- 
 ever, another printer, his son, Charles 
 Silvius, was established at Leyden in 1582 
 (see A. De Reume, “Varietes biblio- 
 
 University Library at Ghent — who is the # 
 highest authority on the subject — that 
 this mark was never actually employed 
 by Silvius. It is the device of Leon van 
 der Kinderen, of Emden ; also of Jacques 
 Lenarts Meyn, of Enkhuizen. 
 
 The second device [see page 358) is found 
 
 ANTWERP : 1560-1579. 
 
 graphiques,” Bruxelles : 1849. 8vo. p. 
 144). Berjeau states that G. Silvius had 
 two devices, both of which we reproduce. 
 The first, given above, has the motto, in 
 Dutch, taken from the Song of Solomon, 
 ii. 2 : “As the lily among thorns, so is my 
 love among the daughters.” It is to be 
 found at the end of a collection of Dutch 
 tracts, in black letter, dated 1566 ; we 
 understand, however, from Mr. Ferdinand 
 van der Haeghen, the librarian of the 
 
 on the title-page of Guilielmus Neubrigen- 
 sis, “ Historia, sive Chronica Rerum An- 
 glicanarum,” 1567, 8vo. A copy of this 
 chronicle, which begins at the Norman 
 Conquest and ends with the year 1197, is 
 preserved in the British Museum. De 
 Reume says that in 1566 Silvius orna- 
 mented the title-page of his productions 
 with the double black eagle, while in 1:575 
 he adopted for his device the arms of 
 Spain. 
 
358 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ANTWERP: 1562-1578. 
 
 Simon (C. F.). Projet de l’etablissement d’une imprimerie a Berlin. 
 Paris : 1741. Folio. 
 
 Simon (Ernest). Rapport sur la Typographic a l’Exposition Uni- 
 verselle de 1878. Nancy : 1878. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 The writer is a practical printer, and was delegated to make this report by the 
 Departments of Meurthe and Moselle. 
 
 Simonneau (Louis). Recueil d’Estampes gravees en taille-douce 
 pour servir a l’histoire de l’art de P Imprimerie et de la Gravure. 
 1694. Folio. 
 
 This is a rare work. It was executed by order of Louis XIV. 
 
 Simpson (William). A Contribution to the History of Lithography. 
 Introduction of the Art into France and Belgium. [In the Litho- 
 grapher \ February, 1854.] 
 
 — A glance at the History of Chromo-Lithography. [In the 
 Lithographer, August, 1873.] 
 
 Wm.Sii»ipson,F.R.G.S.,H.A.R.I.B. A., 
 was born in Glasgow, and served his time 
 as a lithographic draughtsman in the office 
 of Messrs. Allan & Ferguson, of that 
 city. We have seen specimens of his 
 skill at this period of his career, and we 
 cannot say that now, after the lapse of 
 much more than twenty years, better 
 
 work is anywhere produced. At that 
 early date lithography was practised with 
 much success in the two chief northern 
 cities, and the transfer or autographic 
 lithography undoubtedly excelled any- 
 thing then done in England. In 1851 he 
 left Glasgow for London, bringing with 
 him specimens of his work that gained 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 359 
 
 for him employment in the then great 
 house of Day & Son. Having proved 
 himself a thoroughly technical lithogra- 
 pher, and a worker of indomitable in- 
 dustry, he now showed that he likewise 
 possessed not only the facility of a rapid 
 sketcher, but a remarkable instinct for 
 seizing hold ,of the picturesque. The 
 result was that views of important events 
 were soon issued from Day & Son’s 
 establishment, and with such success that 
 increasingly ambitious attempts were the 
 consequence. 
 
 In 1854 the Crimean War broke out, 
 and in September of the same year the 
 Allied Forces landed in the Crimea. In 
 the following month Mr. Simpson received 
 a commission from Messrs. Colnaghi, of 
 Pall Mall, to accompany the armies, and 
 we well remember how he went off at 
 twenty-four hours’ notice. The result of 
 this expedition was a series of tinted 
 lithographic pictures of the most remark- 
 able events of the campaign. For excel- 
 lence, truthfulness, and cheapness they 
 surpassed anything of the kind previously 
 produced. Never before was a great 
 war so fully chronicled or so graphically 
 represented ; and the hero of many a 
 letter was “ Crimean Simpson.” He was 
 not content to sketch from report, and 
 could not even be induced to remain in 
 the comparative security of head-quarters. 
 He must go to the front, and many were 
 the visits he made to those dreadful 
 trenches, that became the graves of hun- 
 dreds of hardy Englishmen. The Queen 
 was interested in the career of the -“war 
 artist,” — then quite a novelty, — and was 
 graciously pleased to send a request to 
 the Crimea that Mr. Simpson would 
 make a drawing for her,— a commission 
 that, of course, was duly executed. Her 
 Majesty honoured him, on his return, 
 with a private interview at Buckingham 
 Palace, and gave him a number of other 
 commissions in connexion with the war. 
 
 Had Mr. Simpson, subordinated his 
 public duties to his private advantage, or 
 permitted merely pecuniary considera- 
 tions to seduce him from his proper 
 loyalty to his employers, Illustrated 
 Journalism would never have been en- 
 riched by his labours. So intense was 
 the interest excited at home by the events 
 of the war, that commissions for pictures 
 could have been obtained — we had almost 
 said by the thousand ; and even the 
 slighest sketch — perhaps of the incident 
 which cost the life of a loved one — might 
 have brought a very high price. But 
 Mr. Simpson was deaf to all overtures of 
 the kind, and resolutely carried out his 
 employers’ mission with absolute single- 
 
 ness of purpose. This rectitude, no less 
 than his peculiar ability, however, event- 
 ually brought him many friends, and not 
 a few patrons. One of these was the late 
 Duke of Newcastle, by whom Mr. Simp- 
 son was induced to undertake a sketching 
 tour in the Caucasus, and under whose 
 auspices he made a collection of thirty 
 or forty fine drawings of that romantic 
 country. 
 
 Like many others, Mr. Simpson got 
 “bitten” with the East. In 1859 he, 
 therefore, accepted a commission from 
 Messrs. Day & Son to go to India and 
 produce a series of illustrations of that 
 country. The large work on the Holy 
 Land by David Roberts was taken as a 
 model, and, as it was to contain no less 
 than 250 subjects, the artist had to travel 
 over a vast extent of our Indian Empire 
 to procure the necessary materials. He 
 was nearly three years engaged in this 
 task, and visited every place of impor- 
 tance. The great temples, the magnifi- 
 cent tombs, the grand scenery of the 
 Himalayas, Thibet, and Cashmere were 
 all sketched in turn. During this time he 
 had repeatedly the honour of travelling 
 in camp with the Governor-General, Lord 
 Canning, — Lady Canning being herself 
 an accomplished artist, — and saw some of 
 that Oriental splendour for which India is 
 celebrated. We may mention the great 
 Durbars which were held shortly after the 
 Mutiny, and whose gorgeous features 
 he successfully delineated. The Queen 
 gave permission to have this work dedi- 
 cated to her before Mr. Simpson left 
 India, — a peculiar honour in itself, as, 
 according to court etiquette, no permis- 
 sion is ever given to dedicate a work to 
 Her Majesty until after its publication. 
 
 The year 1866 is the date of Mr. 
 Simpson’s introduction to journalism. 
 The marriage of the Princess Dagmar to 
 the Czarewitch took him in November of 
 that year to Russia, in the service of the 
 Illustrated London News. That inter- 
 esting event was fully portrayed by Mr. 
 Simpson’s facile pencil, and his work in 
 this new sphere of labour was so highly 
 regarded, that he at once made a position 
 on the paper and has ever since remained 
 upon its staff. While in St. Petersburg 
 the Prince of Wales paid a flying visit to 
 Moscow, and Mr. Simpson had the 
 honour of an invitation from His Royal 
 Highness to accompany him in his suite. 
 While in Moscow the artist lived in the 
 Kremlin with the royal party, and was 
 favoured with special facilities for making 
 sketches of that ancient locality. 
 
 On the conversion of the firm of Day 
 & Son into a limited liability company, 
 
36 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 the directors contemplated the publication 
 of Mr. Simpson’s work on India, and, in 
 order to get it well done, they entered 
 into negotiations with him to give his 
 personal superintendence to the work. 
 Owing to changes in the management of 
 the company Mr. Simpson was also asked 
 if he would undertake to look after the 
 whole department of Fine Arts in the 
 concern, and 'this was arranged. The 
 post of secretary of the company becom- 
 ing vacant the directors also asked Mr. 
 Simpson to act for them in that capacity 
 till other arrangements could be made ; 
 but the fact soon became evident that the 
 concern could not be carried on, and Mr. 
 Simpson shortly found himself in the 
 strange position of secretary to a limited 
 liability company — and one of the great- 
 est sufferers— in the course of liquidation. 
 
 The Abyssinian war brought a request 
 from the Illustrated London News for 
 him to go to Abyssinia, and, at his desire, 
 the directors of Day & Son, limited, 
 relieved Mr. Simpson of the unusual 
 duties into which he had so curiously 
 drifted. He carried out letters of intro- 
 duction from the Duke of Cambridge to 
 Lord Magdala, then Sir Robert Napier, 
 which facilitated his advance in the long 
 march to Magdala. 
 
 That was in the early part of 1868. At 
 the close of the same year he undertook 
 to illustrate for the Illustrated London 
 News the opening of the Mont Cenis 
 Tunnel, Brindisi, and the Suez Canal, as 
 the future route to India. This he did, 
 and visited at the same time Jerusalem, 
 exploring the underground excavations of 
 Captain Warren, of which he made a 
 series of drawings, which were afterwards 
 exhibited in London. On this trip he 
 also revisited the Crimea. 
 
 When at the Suez Canal Mr. Simpson 
 made the acquaintance of M. De Lesseps, 
 and that led to an invitation to attend 
 the ceremonies at the opening of the 
 Canal. The Illustrated London News 
 requested him to accept the invitation as 
 their representative, and arranged that 
 he should return by way of Rome, and 
 thus be present at the opening of the 
 Vatican Council. All of these important 
 events were seen by him, and his pencil 
 has done its share in pictorially chroni- 
 cling them. 
 
 In 1870 the Franco-Prussian War broke 
 out. Mr. Simpson was soon an actual 
 spectator of some of its most desperate, 
 episodes. Arriving in Paris, he applied 
 for permission to follow the French army 
 in its march “a Berlin.” Being disap- 
 pointed by a refusal of his request, .he 
 took a ticket for Metz, where, on his 
 
 arrival, he found a number of other news- 
 paper correspondents ; but, as the “spy” 
 fever was then raging with great virulence, 
 these gentlemen were exposed to constant 
 unpleasantness, if not actual danger. By 
 a lucky inspiration he made his way to 
 Forbach, and took a careful view of the 
 locality. As soon as it was ready for 
 publication, the news arrived of the great 
 battle fought on that site ; thus the Illus- 
 trated London News was enabled to 
 print their view of the scene simultane- 
 ously with the telegram describing the 
 event. How he caught a glimpse of the 
 Emperor’s travelling - carriage, and se- 
 cured materials for his well-remembered 
 sketch ; how, being caught in the act, he 
 was marched off a prisoner and de- 
 nounced as a spy, we have not space to 
 tell ; nor can we recount the story of his 
 subsequent release, or all the various 
 ingenious devices he made use of — such 
 as making his sketches on books of 
 cigarette-papers, so that he might smoke 
 them, if necessary to get rid of them on 
 an emergency. He got to Strasbourg, 
 and from the German trenches saw the 
 capture of the city, and then went again 
 to Metz, and was present at the fall of 
 that fortress and the capitulation of its 
 army. Moreover, he was resident at 
 Paris during the memorable reign of the 
 Commune, and has perpetuated by his 
 pencil the scenes of that desperate 
 struggle. 
 
 On the 5th of August, 1872, Mr. 
 Simpson commenced a journey “All 
 Round the World.” He was asked if he 
 would like to go to Pekin to see the 
 ceremonies of the Emperor of China’s 
 marriage, and to return home by the 
 New World. The offer was accepted, 
 and in addition he took a commission 
 from the Daily News to send any items 
 of information which he might think 
 interesting. An account of this journey 
 has been published under the title of 
 “Meeting the Sun.” Suffice it to say 
 that M r. Simpson ‘ ‘ started from Lud- 
 gate Hill Station,” then travelled to 
 Paris, traversed France and the Mont 
 Cenis tunnel ; sailed down the Adriatic 
 to Brindisi, thence to Alexandria, Suez. 
 Aden, and Ceylon ; Penang, Singapore 
 Hong Kong, Tientsing, and Pekin being 
 the subsequent stages in his journey. 
 
 The strictest precautions had been 
 taken by the Chinese authorities to 
 prevent any one witnessing any of the 
 proceedings connected with the marriage, 
 yet, by the exercise of great ingenuity 
 and equal daring, Mr. Simpson not only 
 got a good sketch of the chief event, but 
 enough particulars to make a graphic 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3 6r 
 
 account, which was published in the Associate of the Royal Institute of 
 Daily News. British Architects, a member of the 
 
 This object effected in Pekin, Mr, Institute of Painters in Water Colours, 
 Simpson went to Shanghai, and thence to a member of the Alpine Club, and is on 
 Japan, where he remained for a month, the Council of the Society of Biblical 
 Crossing the Pacific, he went to San Archaeology, and the Executive Com- 
 Francisco, and happening to be there mittee of the Palestine Exploration 
 when the news was received of the Fund. He was also one of the 
 Modoc insurrection, he instantly took to council which managed the Congress of 
 the war trail, and secured, at great risk, Orientalists held in London, whose con- 
 several fine views of the district. He ferences he materially assisted by his 
 then went to see the Mormon settlement fund of Oriental and Indian lore. Mr. 
 at Salt Lake, and the Mammoth Caves Simpson’s more finished water-colour 
 of Kentucky, returning home on the 24th sketches will be familiar to all who visit 
 of June, 1873, after having completely the art exhibitions from time to time. One 
 “ put a girdle round the earth.” of his most noteworthy books is entitled 
 
 Mr. Simpson was next engaged in “Picturesque People,” being a series of 
 another great journey, but happily of a groups from all parts of the world, with 
 pacific character. He was asked to spirited and characteristic descriptions 
 accompany the Prince of Wales on his from his own pen. This work forms, in 
 tour through the empire of India, and fact, a concise illustrated record and 
 his prolonged experience of Eastern memorial of Mr. Simpson’s wide range 
 manners and customs, added to his ex- of travels, whose whole extent, however, 
 perience of the country and marvellous is not indicated even by these views ; 
 technical facility, resulted in a series of for, although in the eighteen chromo- 
 sketches of this most important event, lithographs of which the series consists, 
 which even his previous successes do not _ some sixteen distinct countries are in- 
 surpass. He also acted as special artist eluded, there remain besides the various 
 during the Afghan War, in 1878-79, with nations of Western Europe repeatedly 
 the force of General Sir Samuel Browne, visited by the artist, whose representatives 
 which he followed through the Khyber were considered scarcely to come under 
 to Jellalabad and Gundamuck, returning the title of. “ Picturesque People.” The 
 to England on the signing of the Peace publisher, in introducing the work, well 
 of Gundamuck. observed that ‘ ‘ there ' is certainly no 
 
 Mr. Simpson is, however, not only an artist living whose qualifications for 
 artist and traveller, but he is possessed of producing such a book can be compared 
 literary gifts of no mean order. He is with those of Mr. Simpson. The courage 
 likewise an archaeologist of high attain- and energy which carried him into and 
 ments, and is an authority in several through distant lands and scenes •£ 
 branches of antiquarian study. His extreme danger are as well known as are 
 contributions to the magazines and the facility, skill, and happy effect with 
 journals are numerous ; and he has read which, in His rapid sketches, he seized 
 many papers before the principal learned on whatever was curious and interesting 
 societies. He is a Fellow of the Royal in the costumes, manners, and customs 
 Geographical Society, an Honorary of people in foreign parts.” 
 
 Sinapius (Dan. Aug.). Apparatus ad Pauli Manutii vitam. Lipsia: 
 1719. 4to. 
 
 Sincerus (Theoph.). Neue Nachrichten von lauter alten und raren 
 Buchern, von Anfang der Buchdruckerei bis 1682. 1st (and only) 
 volume. Leipzig : 1748. 4to. 
 
 The name of the author is a pseudonym for George Jacob Schwindel. The book 
 was also published in Latin, pp. 380. 
 
 Sinclair (Duncan) & Sons. Specimen of Modern Printing Types 
 cast at the Letter Foundery of Whiteford House. Edinburgh : 
 1840. 4to. 
 
 Sinclair & Son’s Specimens of Modem Printing Types. Edin- 
 burgh : 1842. 4to. 
 
 VOL. II. 3 A 
 
362 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Singer (Samuel Weller). Researches into the History of Haying 
 Cards ; with illustrations of the Origin of Printing and Engraving 
 on Wood. London : 1816. 4to. Frontispiece and pp. xviii. 
 376 . 
 
 Only 150 copies printed. 
 
 The contents are thus divided : — I. The 
 Origin of Playing Cards. II. Of the 
 Xylographic and Typographic Arts. 
 III. On some of the principal games at 
 Cards. It is a thoroughly good book, 
 Section ii. being of especial interest to 
 the lover of early typography. 
 
 The author deprecates criticism of the 
 literary style of the work in the following 
 terms : “Unused to literacy composition, 
 and engaged in avocations of more im- 
 mediate and indispensable necessity, the 
 following pages, compiled at remote 
 intervals of leisure, will no doubt bear 
 marks of the desultory manner in which 
 they have been composed, and of the 
 want of skill in the writer.” Referring to 
 the engravings on copper of Mr. Swaine, 
 
 and on wood of Mr. Byfield, Ottley says : 
 “ Of the prints, which may be considered 
 the most interesting feature in the present 
 work, I may be permitted to speak in 
 terms of just commendation : they do 
 honour to the artists employed. The 
 typographical execution is in character 
 with all the beautiful productions of Mr. 
 Bensley’s press ; England has reason to 
 be proud of the perfection to which this 
 art has arrived in his hands.” 
 
 In treating of the origin of printing, the 
 author says : “ This story of Koster, like 
 an unsupported tradition, must fail of 
 obtaining our credence ; and Haarlem, 
 having chosen to connect her claims with 
 it so inseparably, must consequently 
 forfeit her pretensions to the honour of 
 the invention.” 
 
 Some account of the Book printed at Oxford in 1468, under 
 
 the title of Exposicio Sancti Jeronimi in Simbolo Apostolorum. 
 In which is examined its claim to be considered the first book 
 printed in England. London : 1812. 8vo. 2 leaves and pp. 44. 
 
 The Preface is signed “ S. W. Singer.” The author energetically upholds the 
 correctness of the date, 1468, as that of the first, book printed at Oxford, an opinion 
 which, some years later, he as energetically disavowed, buying up and destroying 
 every copy of this pamphlet that he could procure. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 Singleton (Hugh). 
 
 Hugh Singleton, or Shyngleton, 
 who is described by Herbert as “very 
 unsettled in his habitations,” was free of 
 the old Stationers’ Company. The dates 
 
 1553 - 1588 . 
 
 of his books extend from 1553 t° I 588, 
 but there is reason to believe that he 
 printed for some time after that date. A 
 list of his works is given in Herbert’s 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 363 
 
 “ Ames,” vol. ii., pp 740 to 746. Single- 
 ton followed the example of his colleagues 
 and contemporaries, Grafton and Middle- 
 ton, in adopting for his device a rebus on 
 his name ( see opposite page) : a tun, sur- 
 mounted by the letters H. S. and the 
 figure resembling a reversed 4, which is 
 so often used by the early printers. One 
 of the first records of Singleton is 
 a fine imposed upon him for an affront 
 to a lady ; yet a few years afterwards 
 he was empowered, along with Th. 
 Purfoot, to search for unlicensed and 
 
 disorderly books. He was appointed 
 printer to the City of London in 1584 ; 
 he died in 1592 or 1593. His first dwell- 
 ing was in Temple Street, “over 
 agaynste the Styliardes, at the sygne of 
 Dobbel-hood ; ” thence he went to the 
 “ Gylden Sunne,” in Creed Lane, thence 
 to the “ sygne of St. Augustine, in St. 
 •Paul’s Cnurchyard.” He also kept a 
 shop at the north door of Christ’s Hos- 
 pital, next the cloister. We have re- 
 produced the device from “ Spenser’s 
 Shepheardes Calendar.” 4to. 1579. 
 
 Sirand (Alex.). Bibliographie de l’Ain, avec une Table des auteurs 
 cites, contenant les numeros d’ordre correspondant a leurs 
 ouvrages ; precedee d’une Histoire de l’imprimerie dans le De- 
 partement de l’Ain. Bourg : 1851. 8vo. 33! leaves. 
 
 100 copies printed. 
 
 Siret (Adolphe). La Gravure en Belgique, sa situation, son avenir. 
 Gand : 1852. 8vo. 
 
 M. Siret, who was born in 1818, is a member of the Academie Royale de 
 Belgique, and is best known by his “ Dictionnaire historique des peintres.” 
 (New edition, Paris, 1882-1884, 8vo.) 
 
 Sister Arts (The), or a concise and interesting view of the Nature 
 and History of Paper-making, Printing, and Bookbinding, being 
 designed to unite Entertainment with Information concerning 
 those Arts with which the Cause of Literature is peculiarly con- 
 nected. Lewes : 1809. i6mo. pp. 92, and 3 engravings. 
 
 The book has no literary value whatever. 
 
 Sittenfeld (Julius). — See Beschreibung. 
 
 Skeen (Robert). Autobiography of Mr. Robert Skeen, Printer ; 
 written at the special request of a Bookseller, who has benefited 
 for thirty-four years by the unceasing and cheerful attention to 
 his often very intricate catalogue work, executed under Mr. 
 Robert Skeen’s supervision, at Mr. G. Norman’s printing estab- 
 lishment, Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. London : 1876. 8vo. 
 pp. ii. 51. 
 
 The title-page states that “ one hundred account, made Skeen an offer to become 
 copies were printed, at the expense of his his overseer. He accepted it, and re- 
 obliged and ever grateful friend. For mained in that position the remainder of 
 private circulation only.” The subject of his working days — a period of nearly 
 the biography was a fisherman’s son, fifty years. In this capacity Mr. Skeen 
 who received only a village- school educa- had to superintend the production of Mr. 
 tion. He afterwards taught himself Bernard Quaritch’s catalogues, and the 
 Greek and several branches of useful latter is the “obliged and ever grateful 
 knowledge. He arrived in London in friend,” at whose instigation and expense 
 1817, and obtained situations as a com- this autobiography was written and 
 positor at Camberwell in setting up the printed. 
 
 “ Encyclopaedia Metropolitana ; ” at Gil- Mr. Skeen retired from business, as 
 bert & Rivington’s ; and at Dove’s, in already stated, in 1876. He died at his 
 St. John’s Square! At the latter place residence, Southsea, on the 16th March, 
 he became acquainted with Mr. G. Nor- 1879, at the ripe age of 81. 
 man, who was an apprentice. Mr. Dove During his long and honourable life 
 retired from business in 1832, when Mr. Mr. Skeen applied himself 'to reading, 
 Norman, who had started on his own compiling, and editing — as well as work- 
 
3^4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 ing as overseer under his master. He God-fearing man. He brought up a 
 also wrote articles, poems, stories, and family of twelve, seven of his eight sons 
 tracts. As a prominent and highly-re- being apprenticed to Mr. Norman. One 
 spected member of the Moravian body, of these, William, was appointed Go- 
 he also sometimes undertook pastoral vernment printer in Ceylon. He wrote the 
 duty and delivered lectures, gaining the work on “Early Typography,” referred 
 character of a useful, industrious, and to below. 
 
 Skeen (William). Early Typography. A Lecture on Letterpress 
 Printing in the Fifteenth Century. Colombo (Ceylon). 1853. 
 Small 8vo. pp. 48. 
 
 This was the germ of the larger work on the same subject, mentioned below. 
 
 — Early Typography. An Essay on the Origin of Letterpress 
 Printing in the Fifteenth Century. London : 1872. 8vo. 
 pp. 426. 
 
 This essay treats of the history of the 
 invention, beginning with the supposed 
 immemorial knowledge of the art in 
 China, and proceeding to playing cards, 
 block-books, Gutenberg’s attempts at 
 typography at Strassburg and his crown- 
 ing achievement at Mayence. The au- 
 thor had no novel theories to propound, 
 but expressed his own belief in the honour 
 due to Gutenberg, originating several new 
 arguments derived from practical know- 
 ledge of the printers’ art. A good deal 
 of fresh interest is imparted to some of 
 the topics touched upon by occasional 
 reviews of recent controversies and new 
 contributions to the literature of the sub- 
 ject. The work is a most creditable 
 specimen of typography, and vindi- 
 cates the author’s claim to have been 
 ‘ ‘ thoroughly instructed in, and made a 
 master of, my craft — the art of printing.” 
 It was printed at Colombo, Ceylon, and 
 
 as first issued bore on the title-page only 
 the words “ Early Typography. By 
 William Skeen. Colombo : 1872.” The 
 copies which came to this country had a 
 new title, as above. 
 
 In a note, dated Jany. 20, 1872, he in- 
 timates his intention of issuing a separate 
 volume, to comprise a sketch of the his- 
 tory of the spread of printing after the 
 sack of Mayence in 1462, with notices ot 
 improvements and recent inventions with 
 it, but he did not live to accomplish this 
 undertaking, as he died in the following 
 March. 
 
 William Skeen, the author of 
 “ Adam’s Peak,” and one or two topo- 
 graphical and geographical works, was a 
 son of Mr. Robert Skeen, for many years 
 the manager of the printing-office of Mr. 
 Norman, in Maiden Lane (see supra). 
 He was the government printer at 
 Colombo, Ceylon. 
 
 Smalian (Hermann). Pracdsches Handbuch fur Buchdrucker im 
 Verkehr mit Schriftgiessereien. Danzig : 1874. 8vo. pp. vii. 
 
 1 18. Second edidon. Leipzig: 1877. Large 8 vo. pp. viii. 
 
 135 - 
 
 A practical handbook on Typefounding, formation. The first edition, published 
 intended to facilitate intelligent commer- in 1874, was exhausted in less than three 
 cial intercourse between master-printers years ; hence the second edition, as above, 
 and type-founders, by supplying the which had undergone careful revision and 
 former with certain useful technical in- amplification. 
 
 Smet*(F. J. de). — See Gand. 
 
 Smid (Jan). Proef van Letteren, Bloemen en verdere vereischte voor 
 eene Drukkery, welke gegooten worden op de Lettergietery van 
 Jan Smid, onder de firma van Johannes Daun en Comp. Te 
 Rotterdam : 1780. 
 
 Smiles (Dr. Samuel). Frederick Koenig, Inventor of the Steam 
 Printing Machine. By Samuel Smiles. [In Macmillan' s Maga- 
 zine , for Dec., 1869. pp. 1 35-145.] 
 
 An article of great merit. It gives the full credit of inventing the Cylinder-printing 
 Machine to Koenig . — Sec Goebel ; also in Supplement. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 365 
 
 [Smith (Charles Manby).] The Working-man’s Way in the World : 
 being the autobiography of a Journeyman Printer. London : 
 1854. i6mo. pp. xii. 347. 
 
 An interesting account of the ex- an amusing picture of a certain portion 
 periences of a working compositor in of French society usually overlooked by 
 London and Paris. the ordinary visitor. Mr. Marthens, in 
 
 The chief feature of this work is its his “ Typographical Bibliography,” gives 
 minute unfolding of the mysteries of the also a New York imprint to the work, 
 inner life of a London Printing-office, it being republished by Redfield of 
 It originally appeared in Tait’s Maga - New York, in 360 pages in duodecimo 
 zine. Its author’s residence of some form, 
 years in France had enabled him to give 
 
 Smith (Henry). Specimens of Nature Printing from unprepared 
 plants. Madras : 1857. Folio. 
 
 99 plates of cereals, ferns, and other Indian plants, title printed in gold. 
 
 Smith (John). The Printers’ Grammar : wherein are exhibited, ex- 
 amined, and explained, the Superficies, Gradation, and properties 
 of the different Sorts and Sizes of Metal Types cast by Letter 
 Founders : Sundry Alphabets of Oriental and some other Lan- 
 guages ; together with the Chinese Characters : The Figures of 
 • Mathematical, Astronomical, and Physical Signs ; Jointly with 
 Abbreviations, Contractions, and Ligatures : The Construction of 
 Metal Flowers — various Tables, and Calculations — Models of 
 different Letter-Cases ; Schemes for Casting off Copy, and Im- 
 posing ; and many other Requisites for attaining a more perfect 
 knowledge, both in the Theory and Practice of the Art of Print- 
 ing. With directions to Authors, Compilers, &c., how to pre- 
 pare Copy, and to correct their own Proofs. The whole calcu- 
 lated for the service of all who have any concern in the Letter 
 Press: London : 1755. 8vo. Title and Preface 4 leaves. Text 
 312 pp. 
 
 A good practical work on types and Savage’s “Dictionary of Printing.” It 
 composition, which has formed the basis may be interesting to state that in the 
 for many subsequent grammars. The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xxiv., p. 535, 
 press-work of a printer’s business is en- among the “Books published,” is enu- 
 tirely omitted, the author having died merated : “ The Printers’ Grammar, 
 
 before the completion of this work. No. 1. Owen.” At page 335, vol. xxv.. 
 
 The principal parts of this work are in- among the books mentioned as having 
 serted in Stower’s “ Printers’ Grammar.” been published in July, 1755, is “The 
 An abridgment was published in 1787, Printers’ Grammar,” by J. Smith (5s. 
 with the title, “ The Printers’ Grammar, Owen). This would seem to imply that 
 chiefly collected from Smith’s Edition,” the 'work was originally published, or 
 and much use has been made of it in intended to be published, in numbers. 
 
 Smith (William). A Catalogue of the works of Cornelius Visscher. 
 London : 1864. 8vo. pp. 73. [Reprinted from tlie Fine Arts 
 Quarterly Reviezv, for private circulation only. ] 
 
 Cornelius Visscher, the celebrated and the Sleeping Cat. Visscher combined, 
 Dutch engraver, was born at Haarlem, with great success, the burin and etching 
 about 1610, and died at Amsterdam, about needle. His drawing is correct, especially 
 1670. His chief works are the Pancake in those plates which he engraved from 
 Woman, the Rat Killer, portraits of R. his own designs. 
 
 Junius, Gellius de Bouma, G. de Ryck, 
 
 Smits, J. (Junior). lets over de uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst. 
 Dordrecht : 1856. 8vo. pp. 1,5, in wrapper. 
 
366 Bibliography of Printing;. 
 
 Smits van Nieuwerkerk (J. A.). De Dordrechtsche schilder- 
 school, bevattende levensberichten der kunstschilders, beeldhou- 
 vvers, graveurs, bouvvmeesters, enz. in Dor.drecht geboren of 
 gewoond hebbende van den vroegsten tijd tot op 1. Oct. 1874. 
 Dordrecht : 1874. 8vo. pp. 68. 
 
 Not printed for sale. 
 
 Snellen (Dr. H.). Letterproeven, tot bepaling der gezigtsscherppte. 
 Utrecht : 1862. 8vo. 
 
 DF.LFT : 1495-1497. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 367 
 
 Snellaert (Christian). 
 
 Little is known of this printer. The 
 book, “Theobaldi Physiologus de naturis 
 duodecim animalium,” Delft, 1495, 4to., 
 is the only one known up to the present 
 time which contains his name or mark. 
 
 A copy of it is contained in the Royal 
 Library of the Hague. The text is 
 printed with the types that were used by 
 G. teeu, at Antwerp. On the 6th June, of 
 the same year, Snellaert published the 
 “Alphabetum divini amoris,” in which 
 there are three different founts. In 1495, 
 he printed another book, in different 
 characters to the preceding. The most 
 ♦remarkable work from his press, however, 
 is a “ Missale secundum Ordinarium Tra- 
 jectense,” printed at Delft, “inprofesso 
 assumptions Marie Virginis.” It con- 
 tains the date 14th August, but not the 
 Soave (Moise). Dei Soncino celebri Tipografi italiani nei secolo xv. 
 e xvi., con elenco delle opere da essi date alia luce. Venezia : 
 1878. 8vo. pp. 50. 
 
 Published on the occasion of the “ IV e Reunion des Orientalistes a Florence,” in 
 September, 1878. 
 
 Sobry (Jean Francois). Discours sur l’art de PImprimeur. [Paris : 
 an vii.] 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 This essay, which has relation to the types of the founder Gille, was read at a 
 meeting of the “ Societe Libre de Sciences, Lettres, et Arts de Paris.” 
 
 Socard (Alexis). Livres populaires imprimes a Troyes de 1600-1800. 
 Hagiographia Ascetisme. Ouvrage orne de 120 gravures tirees 
 avec les bois originaux. Paris [Troyes, printed]: 1864. 8vo. 
 2 leaves ; pp. iv. 176. 120 woodcuts. 
 
 200 copies printed on hand-made paper. This curious and interesting work is 
 illustrated with 120 plates printed from the original wood-blocks. 
 
 Livres populaires, Noels, et Cantiques, imprimes a Troyes, 
 
 depuis le xvii e siecle jusqu’a nos jours, avec des notes biblio- 
 graphiques et biographiques sur les imprimeurs Troyens. Ouvrage 
 orne de 20 gravures originales, avec la musique de plusieurs airs. 
 Paris : 1865. 8vo. 20 plates. 
 
 Only 129 copies printed. One of a series, entitled “ Livres populaires de Troyes.” 
 The author was a voluminous writer on local antiquities and bibliography. Among 
 other works coming within the scope of our list is the ‘ ‘ Promenade a la Bibliotheque 
 de Troyes ” (Troyes : 1869. 8vo.). 
 
 Socard (Alexis) et Ascier (Alexandre). Livres Liturgiques du 
 diocese de Troyes, imprimes au xv e et au xvi e siecle. Paris : 
 1863. 8vo. 86 woodcuts. 
 
 The author also wrote “ Bibliographic. A propos d’un vieux livre.” 8vo. Troyes : 
 1865. pp. 8 ; with a portrait on wood of Jean Rochette. It contains references to 
 the productions of the first printer of Troyes, and items unknown to Brunet. 
 
 Socard (Emile). Supplement a la Xylographie et a l’lllustration de 
 l’ancienne Imprimerie Troyenne. Paris: 1880. 4to. 124 facsimiles. 
 
 Only 30 copies printed, each numbered by hand. The author is also publishing 
 “ Catalogue de la Bibliotheque de la Ville de Troyes,” which is now in progress 
 (Troyes : 1875. 8vo., &c.), besides several works on local antiquities. 
 
 year. Judging from the characters, it 
 may, however, be set down at 1497. The 
 letters used are of three different sizes. 
 With the year 1497 the name of Snellaert 
 disappears, and it is probable that he then 
 died. Berjeau states that his emblem ( see 
 opposite page) is that of the winged 
 unicorn in a Gothic window, holding the 
 arms of Antwerp ; above are the arms 
 of Delft. A much higher authority, how- 
 ever, Mr. Ferdinand van der Haeghen, 
 of the University Library at Ghent, 
 informs us that “ this mark was used 
 by Henri Eckert van Hombuch. The 
 shield carries the arms of Antwerp. In 
 the arms of Snellaert this shield is blank.” 
 The reader will need, therefore, to bear 
 in mind this modification. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 368 
 
 Societies. — Very large and important collections on the most 
 interesting subject of the history and proceedings of the several 
 Societies and Corporations of the Trades comprised within the 
 scope of this Bibliography have been made by Mr. Charles 
 Wyman, whose large' researches and exceptional experience 
 eminently fit him for the task. The lamented illness of Mr. 
 Wyman has prevented the completion of the article in time for its 
 insertion in its proper place, and it is therefore postponed for the 
 Supplement. 
 
 Sohm (Peter). Musseum Typographicum Sohmianum, eller Forteck- 
 ning pa de Bocker och Skrifter om Boktryckeri-Konsten och 
 dess Historia, jemte Portraiter af namnkunnige Boktryckare 
 och Bokhandlare, samt Medailler i samma Amne, som blifwit* 
 samlade af Peter Sohm. 2 parts. Part i., Stockholm : 1812. 8vo. 
 pp. 48; part ii., Stockholm: 1815. 8vo. 4 leaves and pp. 83. 
 
 A curious catalogue, containing numerous titles of books upon Printing, Type- 
 founders’ Specimens, and a list of 200 portraits of Printers, some of which are very 
 rare. The author was the director of the Royal State Library, and the book was 
 printed in the office connected with that institution. 
 
 Original-Bewis om Twenne Konungar af Swerige, som 
 
 Sielfwe lagt Hog Hand wid Boktryckeri-Konsten samt Berattelse 
 om nagre beromde Boktryckare och Boktryckerier, jemte nagot 
 som betraffer Kongl. Fait - Tryckeriet under Faltagen aren 
 1805-1814, sasom ock beromliga Exempel om Konstforwandter, 
 hwilke gjort Konsten heder. Af P. S. Stockholm : 1816. 
 
 Tryckt hos Dicect och Kongl. 8vo. pp. 80. 
 
 Soleil (Felix). Les Heures Gothiques et la Litterature pieuse aux 
 xv e et xvi e siecles. Rouen : 1882. 8vo. pp. 309. 
 
 300 copies printed, 240 for sale. A very and illustrations. A11 etched frontispiece, 
 elaborate account of the Books of Hours by J. Adeline, and six woodcuts illus- 
 of the 15th and 16th centuries, classified trative of a Dance of Death at Kermaria, 
 under the names of their printers, with embellish the volume. 
 
 24 facsimile reproductions of their text 
 
 Someren (J. F. Van). Essai d’une Bibliographic de l’histoire speciale 
 de la Peinture et dela Gravure en Hollande et en Belgique, 1500- 
 1875. Amsterdam: 1882. 8vo. pp. x. 207, 12.. 
 
 The author describes himself as “at- ment. A general index of proper names 
 
 tache a la Bibliotheque de l’Universite a 
 Amsterdam.” He says that the increas- 
 ing interest generally manifested ia the 
 painting and engraving of the Nether- 
 landish schools, as well as the establish- 
 ment in one of the halls of the New 
 National Museum of a library of works 
 on art, renders such an annotated cata- 
 logue as this desirable. In order to carry 
 out his task, he gives the full titles of all 
 books treating of the history of Dutth 
 and Flemish painting and engraving that 
 have been published in any part of Eu- 
 rope up to the year 1875. Accompanying 
 the titles are annotations, obviously the 
 outcome of long and patient research. 
 The Bibliography is worthy of com- 
 mendation for its admirable arrange- 
 
 at the end obviates any inconvenience 
 which a multiplicity of classifications 
 might entail. It is greatly to be desired 
 that similar bibliographies should be 
 compiled for other countries, such as 
 France, Germany, and Italy. M. van 
 Someren deserves praise for what he 
 so modestly designates as an “Essai.” 
 It is to be regretted, however, that the 
 printing has not been done with accuracy. 
 There is a whole page of errata at the 
 end, but this does not even nearly repre- 
 sent all the mistakes ; in some English 
 titles, for example, “printing” is given 
 instead of “ painting.” The reader may 
 be usefully cautioned against these and 
 similar blunders, which are not always 
 obvious. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 369 
 
 Sommer (Friedrich). Festschrift zur Saecular-Feier der ersten Buch- 
 druckerei in St. Polten. St. Polten : 1882. 4to. 4 leaves and pp. 1 1 1 . 
 
 Sommer (Friedrich Ludwig). Beschreibung des Jubelfestes der Er- 
 findung der Buchdruckerkunst in der Officin in Potsdam am 
 25sten und 26sten September 1840. [Potsdam : 1840.] 8vo. 
 With Gutenberg’s portrait. 
 
 Chronologisch-historischer Wandkalender auf die' Jahre 1700 
 
 bis 2000 der christlichen Zeitrechnung. Theoretisch-praktisches 
 Gedenkblatt zum Vierten Sacularjahre der Erfindung der Buch- 
 druckerkunst. Berlin : 1840. 
 
 A large chronological table, with a quarto pamphlet of explanations. 
 
 Soncini . — See Zaccaria. 
 
 Sorensen ( — ). Tacheotype Sorensen, ou instrument compositeur et 
 distributeur. [Paris: 1853.] 8vo. 2 pages of prospectus. 
 
 Description of a composing-machine, invented by M. Sorensen. 
 
 Sorgato (Gaetano). Della stamperia del Seminario di Padova, 
 memoria. Padova : 1843. 8vo. PP* 36. 
 
 A second edition, increased to 40 pages, was issued the same year. Cardinal 
 
 Barbarigo established a Printing-office at the Seminary of Padua, in 1684. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 SOTER. COLOGNE : 1518-1536. 
 
 3 B 
 
370 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 SOTER (Johann). 
 
 Annexed are two devices used by this 
 printer., The first (p. 369) is to be found 
 m Gaza’s (Theodoricus) “ Introduction^ 
 Grammatics.” , Cologne : 1525. 8vo. 
 
 Hound the device is a motto, not repre- 
 
 Renaissance door. The characters in the 
 angles of the triangle, although rather 
 indistinct in the engraving, are the five 
 letters of the Greek word 'YPEIA. 
 The second device (which we append) 
 
 SOLiNGEN : 1536-1538. 
 
 sented in the engraving, in four languages 
 “-Hebrew, Greek, Ethiopian, and Latin — 
 Orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore 
 sano.” It presents two winged cupids, 
 supporting a shield with the Rosicrucian 
 triple triangle, on the threshold of a 
 
 consists of the, - five-pointed star. An 
 angel holds a shield with the Rosicrucian 
 star, the Greek letters around which 
 should be the same letters as in the pre- 
 vious mark. The whole is surrounded 
 by a foliage garland. 
 
 SOTHEBY (Samuel Leigh).- Collection of Facsimiles of the Types, 
 Woodcuts, and Capital Letters used by the early printers Lon- 
 don : 1848. Folio. 
 
 itended ex- 
 
 — Memoranda relating to the Block Books preserved in the 
 Bibliotheque Imperiale, Paris, made October, 1858. London : 
 0^9. Folio, pp. 23. Privately printed. 
 
 m_the Preface that he variety and mixed species of marks that 
 occasionally appear evidently arise from 
 ■ihe, proprie tor of the block-books having 
 taken”" impfcSS^fS' "iTClX Lb C.TI ^fTGfrl ti.UC 
 to time as copies were required. When, 
 therefore, travelling from place to place, 
 as was, no doubt, the custom in those 
 days, he would renew his stock of paper 
 at the locality in which he might happen 
 to be. Thence the difference in the 
 quality of the paper, and the variety of 
 the marks.” 
 
 The atVioi 
 
 was unable to prosecute tu? 
 amination of the xylographic treasures" 
 preserved in the Public Libraries of Eu- 
 rope, as he had announced, after selling 
 the copies of the “ Principia Typograph- 
 ica.” Having, however, finished his la- 
 bours at the Imperial Library at Paris, 
 he thought it well to publish the results, 
 — which are contained in the pamphlet 
 above named. Referring to the varieties 
 of paper-marks in the copies of the several 
 block-books, Sothebysays: “The infinite 
 
 — Principia Typographica. The Block Books or Xylographic 
 Delineations of Scripture History, issued in Holland, Flanders, 
 and Germany, during the fifteenth century, exemplified and con- 
 sidered in connexion with the Origin of Printing. To which is 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 37 i 
 
 tv muuttaute ui ooufpKtu ftpumn 
 actmctuecphc? lUiro.at^onae^- 
 batata 
 
 fpbnmmibngCTa 
 
 ratratutefucte tubi^tic amt ct uo 
 
 dKHpmt! cos matte wmtifexto uufc 
 
 PAGE FROM “THE KING OF KINGS.’ 
 
372 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 added an attempt to elucidate the character of the Paper-marks of 
 the Period. A work contemplated by the late Samuel Sotheby, 
 and carried out by his son Samuel Leigh Sotheby. 3 vols. Lon- 
 don : 1858. Folio. 
 
 Of this work only 215 copies were efforts of the press for the promulgation 
 printed, and the names of the purchasers of biblical knowledge, and as records of 
 are given in vol. i., pp. 3, 4. the invention of Printing, are humbly 
 
 Vol i. is devoted to Holland and the offered to the philobiblist by the author.” 
 
 PAGE FROM THE “WONDERS OF ROME.” 
 
 Low Countries (Mr. Sotheby being a firm The volume contains the introduction and 
 believer in the Haarlem legend). The list of plates ; pp. xvi. 200, with 48 
 book is dedicated as follows : — “These plates. 
 
 volumes, as memorials of the earliest Vol. ii. is devoted to Germany ; it con- 
 
Bibliography 
 
 sists of 216 pageSj and the plates are 
 numbered from xlix. to xcvi., although 
 in reality there are 101 plates. 
 
 Vol. lii. is devoted to Watermarks ; 
 pp. 190 ; 27 plates. There is a very use- 
 ful summary of the contents of the three 
 volumes, and a full index. A larger num- 
 ber of copies of the chief contents of this 
 volume having been printed than of the 
 previous vols., this portion was given 
 away, together with the plates belonging 
 to it. 
 
 Sotheby’s work is one of the most im- 
 portant that has ever been published on 
 the subject of the origines typographic 
 but it is not entitled to be regarded as an 
 authority on disputed points. Its chief 
 value, in fact, attaches to it on account 
 of the reproductions of pages of block 
 books, facsimiles of watermarks, &c. As 
 the title states, it was compiled by Mr. 
 Sotheby, junr., and in the introduction 
 he refers, with filial respect, to the in- 
 dustry and research of his father in 
 regard to the work. To Mr. John H. 
 Bohn, the brother of Mr. Bohn the well- 
 known bookseller, the author was in- 
 debted for much information and 
 abundant corrections, which were 
 especially necessary. 
 
 There is preserved at the British Mu- 
 seum the whole of the author’s revises of 
 this work, bound up into a volume. 
 From the manifold alterations made, and 
 the many directions to the printer, some 
 of them rather curious, Mr. Sotheby 
 must have been a rather exacting author. 
 The book is a very interesting one, and 
 throws a curious light on the literary 
 mechanism of the “Principia.” 
 
 We copy, on a much reduced scale, 
 two facsimiles (pp. 371, 2) from Sotheby’s 
 “Principia Typographica.” The first 
 is from the block book, entitled 
 “The King of Kings.” In this work 
 two separate illustrations, with their 
 explanatory text, are printed toge- 
 ther on one page. It has twenty pages, 
 
 of Printing. ‘ 373 
 
 printed on one side of the leaf ; the 
 illustrations face each other, and are in 
 the customary brown ink. The designs 
 are rudely drawn, and the engraving is 
 coarse. Every object is cut in bold and 
 heavy outline. It was obviously in- 
 tended that the illustrations should be 
 developed by painting or by stencilling. 
 The letters are drawn and engraved with 
 more care than the pictures, but they are 
 irregular in size and form. 
 
 The book was intended to illustrate the 
 more important events of the Life of 
 David, as recorded in the books of 
 Samuel and the first and second books of 
 Kings. 
 
 The original of our first illustration 
 shows Hannah presenting Samuel to the 
 priests in the house of the Lord, and 
 Samuel called by the Lord out of sleep. 
 Sotheby classes it with the block books 
 of Holland ; but Falkenstein attributes 
 it to Germany. The second illustration is 
 an. extract from the “ Mirabilia Romae,” 
 a small quarto block book, of 184 en- 
 graved pages. The text is in German, 
 and the work is fairly printed in black 
 ink, on both sides of the paper. There 
 are a few illustrations, but these possess 
 small merit. The whole is an ecclesi- 
 astic’s description of the more important 
 shrines of the Holy City, with their con- 
 secrated relics. The first page contains 
 an engraving of the handkerchief of St. 
 Veronica. Under this design are the 
 papal arms and the triple crown, the 
 crossed keys, and the letters S.P.Q.R. 
 The arms are those -of Pope Sixtus IV., 
 who occupied the papal chair from 1471 
 to 1484, within which period it is sup- 
 posed that the book was engraved and 
 published for German readers. The Won- 
 ders of Rome is probably one of the last, 
 certainly one of the most ambitious, pro- 
 ductions of block-printing, then in feeble 
 competition with the established art of 
 type-printing. 
 
 Specimen Notice for the disposal of Mr. S. Leigh Sotheby’s 
 
 Principia Typographica, an extensively illustrated work in three 
 volumes, imperial quarto, half-bound, uncut, on the Block 
 Books, or Xylographic Delineations of Scripture History, issued 
 in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, during the 15th century ; 
 their connexion with the origin of Printing, and the character of 
 the Watermarks of the paper of the period. Only 250 copies 
 printed, of which 220 copies will be sold by public auction, by 
 Mr. John Wilkinson, of the firm of Messrs. S. Leigh Sotheby 
 and John Wilkinson, Auctioneers of Literary property and works 
 illustrative of the Fine Arts, at their house, 3, Wellington Street, 
 Strand, on Wednesday, May 5, 1858, at one o’clock precisely, 
 
374 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 where copies of the work may be seen from March 1st to the time 
 of sale. 
 
 This “Specimen Notice” is in folio, 
 and gives an excellent epitome of the 
 “ Principia,” as well as some of the 
 more important plates comprised in it. 
 
 The collation is intricate : i. Printed 
 Wrapper ; 2. Specimen Notice Title and 
 Advertisement, 4 pp. ; 3. Specimen Title 
 and List of Purchasers, 4 pp. ; 4. Title- 
 page of Vol. I. of “Principia,” with 
 
 Introduction and List of Plates, 16 pp. ; 
 5, Index to 3 vols. of “ Principia," 13 
 leaves ; 6. Eight Plates. 
 
 The copies of the “ Principia” were not 
 published in the ordinary way, but offered 
 to the trade by Messrs. Sotheby & Co. 
 at a public auction, the upset price being 
 nine guineas each copy. They were all 
 disposed of in two hours. 
 
 The Typography of the Fifteenth Century ; being Specimens 
 
 of the Productions of the Early Continental Printers, exemplified 
 in a Collection of Facsimiles from one hundred works ; together 
 with their Watermarks. Arranged and edited from the biblio- 
 graphical collections of the late Samuel Sotheby, by his son, 
 S. Leigh Sotheby. London : 1845. Folio. 
 
 The collation of this work is difficult to back as the year 1814. At an early stage 
 describe, the arrangement being very of its progress the whole of the plates 
 capricious ; but a perfect book should became, by some accident or other, mislaid 
 hdve no leaves, including Title, Plates, for a period of nearly ten years. In the 
 and Index, and taking no notice of the meantime Mr. Sotheby began to collect 
 printed folios. the matter for his “ Principia Typogra- 
 
 In the advertisement it is stated, that phica,” and continued to do so until his 
 the series of facsimiles, of which the work decease in 1842. 
 was composed, was commenced as far 
 
 Sotheby, Wilkinson, & Hodge. Catalogue of a Bibliotheca Ty- 
 pographica, in the choicest condition, comprising one of the most 
 valuable collections ever offered for sale of Books illustrating the 
 History of Printing from its invention, collected during the last 
 thirty years with the greatest care and research, .... which 
 will be sold by -auction by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, & 
 
 Hodge, at their house No. 
 on Monday, the 7th day of F< 
 days .... London : 1870. 
 pp. ii. 90. 
 
 A statement of some of the prices 
 obtained was given in The Bookworm , 
 February, 1870. The list of monumenta 
 typographica is valuable, as are also the 
 notes. The lots numbered 730. 
 
 Samuel Sotheby was born in 1771, 
 and died January 4, 1842. A memoir of 
 him appeared in the Gentleman! s Maga- 
 zine, April, 1842. He was the principal 
 partner in the well-known firm of auc- 
 tioneers established in 1744 by Mr. Baker. 
 It was the first concern in this country for 
 the exclusive sale of books and literary 
 property. Mr. Samuel Sotheby retired 
 from business in 1827, leaving the concern 
 to be carried on by Mr. Samuel Leigh 
 Sotheby, his youngest son. From the 
 earliest period of his introduction to the 
 business he was devotedly attached to 
 
 13, Wellington Street, Strand, 
 ibruary, 1870, and three following 
 8vo. Wrapper (pp. 2, printed). 
 
 the study of literary antiquities, and 
 particularly to the history of the origin 
 and progress of the Art of Printing. He 
 possessed a most extensive collection of 
 typographical curiosities ; and nearly all 
 the most important specimens of old 
 books which were offered at auction 
 during his business career passed through 
 his hands. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Tuer, in his “ Bartolozzi 
 and his Works,” devotes a chapter to Art 
 Auction-rooms, in which he gives an ac- 
 count of all the various eminent London 
 Fine-art Auctioneers ; and we are in- 
 debted to his work and the courteous 
 assistance of Mr. Edward G. Hodge for 
 the following particulars. 
 
 Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, & 
 Hodge.— This famous firm dates back 
 
Bibliography 
 
 to 1744, when Mr. Samuel Baker, whose 
 rooms tf^ere at York Street, Covent Gar- 
 den, was at its head. Since then, the 
 following changes of partnership and 
 name may be noted : Messrs. Samuel 
 Baker & George Leigh, 1775-77 > Mr. 
 George Leigh, 1778-80 ; Messrs. Leigh 
 & Sotheby, 1780 to 1800 ; Messrs. Leigh, 
 Sotheby, & Son, 1800-3 • Messrs. Leigh 
 & S. Sotheby, 1804-16 (removed to 145, 
 Strand) ; Mr. Sotheby, 1816 to 1830 (in 
 1818 Mr. Sotheby removed to the present 
 premises, 13, Wellington Street, Strand); 
 Messrs. Sotheby & Son, 1830-37; Mr. 
 Sotheby, 1837 to 1843 Messrs. Sotheby 
 & Wilkinson, 1843-64, when Mr. Hodge 
 joined ; and the firm of Sotheby, Wilkin- 
 
 of Printing. 375 
 
 son, & Hodge has since remained as then 
 constituted. 
 
 The series of catalogues of the sales 
 held by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, 
 & Hodge, — complete from 1744, and 
 forming upwards of eight hundred large 
 quarto volumes, a small library in itself, 
 — is in the British Museum library : they 
 are deposited there at intervals of ten 
 years ; those of recent date are retained 
 in the offices of the firm, and may be 
 there consulted. 
 
 Some of the principal and more in- 
 teresting sales of libraries, &c.,'held by 
 this firm since its establishment, in 1744, 
 up to the present year are appended : — 
 
 Date 
 
 1744. 
 
 1754- 
 
 1756. 
 
 1765- 
 
 1773- 
 
 1791. 
 
 1794. 
 
 1799. 
 
 1802. 
 
 1809. 
 
 1810. 
 1812. 
 1816. 
 
 1819. 
 
 1823. 
 
 1824. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1827. 
 
 1828. 
 1834. 
 
 1835- 
 
 1838. 
 
 1843. 
 
 1845. 
 
 1846. 
 
 1847. 
 1849. 
 
 1850. 
 
 1851. 
 
 Description. 
 
 Library of T. Pellet. 16 evenings’ sale . . 
 
 55. Do. R. Mead. 28 days’ sale 
 
 Martin Folkes. 40 days’ sale . . 
 
 Joseph Leatherland. 23 evenings’ sale 
 Joseph Smith (British Consul at Venice). 15 days 
 sale 
 
 Michael Lort. 22 days’ sale .. 
 
 Earl of Bute (Botanical Library). 10 days’ sale 
 Rt. Hon. Jos. Addison (author, and Secretary of 
 State). 5 days’ sale 
 Samuel Tyssen. 38 days’ sale 
 Rt. Hon. Richard, Lord Penrhyn. 5 days’ sale 
 Prints of Richard Gough, F.A.S. 20 days’ sale 
 Library of George, Marquis of Townshend. 16 days’ sale 
 Do. Prince Talleyrand. 18 days’ sale 
 
 Edmond Malone, Editor of Shakespeare. 8 days’ 
 sale 
 
 James Bindley. 28 days’ sale 
 Emperor Napoleon Buonaparte (The Library 
 Formed at St. Helena) 
 
 — Dimsdale. 17 days’ sale 
 Sir M. M. Sykes’ Prints and Coins. 47 days’ sale 
 Library, Prints, and Drawings of George Baker. 13 days’ sale 
 Library of H.R.H. Duke of York. 26 days’ sale 
 Drawings of T. Rowlandson, the Caricaturist . . 
 
 Library of Richard Heber. 68 days’ sale 
 The Melancthon MSS. collected by Dr. Kloss. 20 days’ sale 
 Library of Mr. Kemble the Actor . . 
 
 Do. Lord Berwick. 13-days’ sale . . 
 
 Do. Mr. Bright. 30 days' sale 
 Do. Josiah Wedgwood (the potter). 6 days’ sale 
 Prints and Coins of Colonel Durrant. 16 days’ sale 
 Library and Prints of Duke of Buckingham, removed from 
 Stowe 
 
 (In addition to this, the Stowe MSS. were sold by the firm 
 to the Earl of Ashburnham by private contract for (£8,000.) 
 Books of Messrs. Payne & Foss. 3 portions 
 Library of Granville Penn, descendant of William Penn, 
 founder of Pennsylvania. 6 days’ sale 
 Books and MSS. of the poet Gray. . 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1852. Library and Drawings of E. V. Utterson 
 Drawings of late Sam Prout . . 
 
 1853. Library of Dawson Turner . . 
 
 Do. Baron Taylor 
 
 1854. Private Library of W. Pickering 
 
 8 days’ sale 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 859 n 1 
 
 2.340 o o 
 
 3,091 6 o 
 
 1.341 19 o 
 
 2,245 6 o 
 1,269 1 6 
 
 3,470 3 6 
 
 553 4 4 
 9,102 16 7 
 2,000 o o 
 3,552 3 o 
 5,745 o o 
 8,399 0 0 
 
 1,649 9 0 
 7,692 6 6 
 
 450 9 6 
 7,802 19 o 
 19,168 4 6 
 
 5,790 13 6 
 5,718 2 6 
 
 700 o o 
 13,690 2 o 
 2,261 2 o 
 
 249 o o 
 6,726 19 o 
 8,997 4 6 
 1,013 0 0 
 
 5,730 o o 
 
 14,155 6 o 
 
 8,645 5 0 
 
 7,845 1 6 
 
 1,038 7 o 
 5,494 6 6 
 1,788 11 6 
 
 4,562 15 o 
 4,087 9 o 
 
 10,700 o o 
 
37 ^ 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Date. Description. 
 
 1857. Library and Prints of Earl of Shrewsbury. 12 days’ sale 
 
 1858- 66. Prints, Drawings, Books, MSS., and Medals of Rev. 
 
 W. Wellesley. 82 days’ sale 
 
 1859- 64. Library, MSS., and Articles of Vertu of Mons. G. Libri. 
 
 46 days’ sale 
 
 1861. Engravings of George Smith. 8 days’ sale 
 
 1862. Library of Miss Richardson Currer. 10 days’ sale 
 
 1863. Do. the Princess Elizabeth. 5 days’ sale 
 
 1864. Do. George Daniell. 10 days’ sale 
 
 (In this sale Mr. Daniell's copy of the First Folio Shake- 
 speare, of 1623, was purchased by the Baroness Burdett- 
 Coutts for £716. 2S. , the highest price ever realised for a 
 copy.) 
 
 Engravings of Julian Marshall. 12 days’ sale .. 
 
 1865. Library of J. B. Nicholl. n days’ sale .. 
 
 1867. Do. Sir Charles Price 
 
 Collection of Prints formed by Sir Charles Price 
 
 (In the sale of Sir Chas. Price’s prints, Feb. 1867, was 
 sold the “ Hundred Guilder” of Rembrandt for .£1,180, the 
 highest price that up to then had been given for one en- 
 graving. This was resold by the firm in the following 
 year, — viz., May, 1868, in the sale of Mr. Palmer’s prints, 
 for £1,100, and purchased by Mons. Clement, of Paris, for 
 Mons. Detuit, of Rouen, in whose collection it now is.) 
 
 1 868. - Library of W. C. Macready, the Actor 
 
 Prints of the late C. J. Palmer (including the “ Hundred 
 Guilder” from the above collection, sold for £1,100) 
 1868-70-72. Books of H. G. Bohn. 51 days’ sale 
 1868-73. Library of Rev. T. Corser. 30 days’ sale 
 
 1869. John Dillon : Library, Engravings, and Autographs. 12 days’ 
 
 sale . . . . . . 
 
 1871 & 1873. Books of late Mr. J. Lilly. 52 days’ sale 
 j 872 Library of Lord Selsey. 9 days’ sale . . 
 
 1873. Late T. H. Lacy : Theatrical Portraits and Books, n days’ 
 
 sale . . . . . . .... .... 
 
 1873-74. Late Hugh Howard : Engravings and Coins. 11 days’ sale 
 
 1874. Library of Sir W. Tite. 16 days’ sale 
 R. C. Taylor. 6 days’ sale 
 
 1875. Autographs of John Young. 6 days’ sale .. .. 
 
 Engravings of George Vaughan. 2 days’ sale .. 
 
 1876 W. T. B. Ashley 
 
 Autographs of Samuel Addington. 3 days’ sale 
 MSS. of W. Bragge. 4 days’ sale. . 
 
 1876. Prints of John Anderson Rose, n days’ sale .. 
 
 Library of Rev. C. H. Crawfurd. 5 day’s sale 
 
 1877. The “ Hugo” Collection of Bewick’s Works. 2 days’ sale .. 
 A Portion of the Collection of Prints of Rev. J. Burleigh 
 
 James. 28 days’ sale . . . . . . . . .... 
 
 1878. Duplicate Etchings from the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. 
 
 2 days’ sale . . . . . . 
 
 Miniatures and Books of J. T. Payne 
 1879-81. Library of late Dr. Laing. 31 days’ sale 
 
 1880. British Museum duplicate Prints .. .. .. 
 
 Portion of Library of Cecil Dunn Gardner. 6 days’ sale 
 
 1881. Portion of Library of the late Earl of Clare . . .... 
 
 (The original MS. of Sir Walter Scott’s “ Guy Mannering” 
 was in this sale, and was bought by Mr. H. Stevens, F.S.A., 
 of Vermont, for America, for £390.) 
 
 Portion of Library of late Rt. Hon. Lord Hampton. 3 days’ 
 sale 
 
 Library of late John Hill Burton. 3 days’ sale. . 
 
 Library, Autographs, and Engravings of the late H. Sanford 
 Bicknell. 3 days’ sale . . 
 
 £. 5 . d. 
 
 3,250 9 o^ 
 
 20,023 8 o 
 
 29,879 6 6 
 
 4,835 4 6 
 5,984 13 6 
 915 12 6 
 15,865 2 o 
 
 8,352 1 6 
 
 6,175 2 1 
 
 5,858 14 6 
 
 2,374 3 6 
 
 1,216 11 o 
 
 6,080 14 6 
 13,333 o 6 
 19,781 12 o 
 
 8,700 4 o 
 13,080 3 8 
 
 4,757- 5 o 
 
 5,i57 4 6 
 
 9.228 10 o 
 19,943 6 o 
 
 5.733 15 6 
 
 4,015 8 6 
 
 4,888 12 o 
 7,085 o o 
 2,151 8 6 
 
 12,272 o 6 
 3,704 o o 
 
 6.229 T 7 ^ 
 
 1,124 1 o 
 
 4,221 7 6 
 
 2,259 *3 o 
 2,843 7 o 
 
 16,536 19 o 
 2,153 9 o 
 
 4.734 4 o 
 2,130 19 6 
 
 3,539 14 o 
 786 19 6 
 
 1,396 18 6 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 377 
 
 Date. Description. 
 
 Portion of the Library of the late G. L. Way .. 
 
 (This Library was formed about the end of the last century 
 and the beginning of the present ; and the prices given, when 
 compared with those realised, show how very much the value 
 of early-printed books has increased during the last half- 
 century. The following are the most striking instances:— 
 Shakespeare’s Poems, 1640, bought by Mr. Way for 7/-, sold 
 for £30. Sir P. Sidney’s “ Defence of Poesie,” 1595, bought 
 by Mr. Way for 7/6, sold for £38. E. Spencer’s “ Brittain’s 
 Ida” and M. Parker’s “ Rape of Philomela,” bound together 
 in one volume, for which Mr. Way gave 1/6, sold for £68. 
 Earl of Surrey’s “ Songs and Sonnets,” 1585, bought by 
 Mr. Way for £ 2 . 3s.. sold for £69. J. Milton’s “ Comus,” 
 1637, Mr. Way obtained for 5/-, sold for £68. J. Gower’s 
 “ Confessio Amantis,” imperfect, wanting six leaves, printed 
 by Caxton, 1483, cost £5 and sold for £199.) 
 
 Stock and Collection of Henry Stevens, books and manuscripts 
 
 1882. First portion of the books in Stock of C. J. Stewart 
 Remaining portion of the same 
 
 Beckford Sale, first portion June 30 to July 13 .. 
 
 Do. second portion Dec. ir to 23 
 
 1883. Library of Mr. John Scaife, books and prints 
 Library of Sir Francis Drake, the Navigator, books .. 
 Library of Henry Collins (brother of Wilkie Collins) 
 
 Towneley Hall Library, books and prints 
 Towneley Manuscripts . . . . . . . . 
 
 (In this were included the Giulio Clovio illustrations of the 
 Life of Christ, sold for .£2,050, and the Towneley Mysteries, 
 £620.) 
 
 Beckford Library (removed from Hamilton Palace), third 
 portion, 2nd July and eleven following days 
 Beckford Library, fourth and last portion, November 27th and 
 three following days . . 
 
 (The forty days’ sale of this splendid Library produced 
 the grand total of £73,551. 18s.) 
 
 £. .r. d. 
 
 2,324 7 6 
 
 2,387 14 6 
 I >935 15 o 
 2,356 16 6 
 3^,5^ 5 o 
 22,340 3 o 
 2,833 1 0 
 
 3,276 17 6 
 
 2,699 12 0 
 4,616 3 o 
 4,054 6 6 
 
 12,852 2 6 
 
 6,843 7 6 
 
 Sotian (Denis). Cesar et Ambiorix, Poeme Heroique, suivi de 
 Poesies Di verses. Liege : 1851. 8vo. pp. 130. 
 
 Among the miscellaneous poems is “ L’Art Typographique,” 22 pages, and 
 “ Physiologie du Compositeur Typographe,” 13 pages. 
 
 Sotzmann (Johann Daniel Ferdinand). Geh. Ober Finanz Rath. 
 Aelteste Geschichte der Xylographie und der Druckkunst iiber- 
 haupt, besonders in der Anwendung auf den Bilddruck. Ein 
 Beitrag zur Erfindungs- und Kunstgeschichte. [In Raumer’s 
 “Historisches Taschenbuch.” Leipzig: 1837. 8vo. pp. 447- 
 599 -] 
 
 Gives a clear historical account of the invention of typography, rejecting the 
 Dutch claims, and maintaining the Gutenberg theory. 
 
 Gutenberg und seine Mitbewerber, oder die Briefdrucker und 
 
 die Buchdrucker. Leipzig : 1841. 8vo. pp. 163. [Reprinted 
 from Raumer’s “ Histo.risches Taschenbuch.” Leipzig: 1841. 
 8vo. pp. 516-676, with 2 leaves of facsimiles.] 
 
 Ueber die gedruckten “ Literae Indulgentiarum Nicolai V. 
 
 Pont. Max. Pro Regno Cypri ” von 1454 und 1455. Mit einer 
 lithographischen Tafel, Aus dem Serapeum , 1843, besonders 
 abgedruckt. Leipzig : 1844. 8vo. 
 
 VOL. II. 3 C 
 
37 ^ Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Ueber Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. 
 
 [In “JahrbUcher fiir wissenschaftliche Kritik.” Berlin: 1836. 
 4to. pp. 921-968.] 
 
 A criticism of the works on Printing of Schaab, Scheltema, and_Wetter. 
 
 Ein unbekannter Pfister’scher Druck von Boner’s Fabeln. [In 
 
 Serapeum , 1845 '■> PP- 3 2 i~ 3 2 7 -] 
 
 Die Xylographischen Biicher eines in Breslau befindlich 
 
 gewesenen Bandes, jetzt in dem Konigl. Kupferstich-Kabinet in 
 Berlin. Leipzig: 1842. 8vo. pp. 35. With a lithographic plate. 
 
 A miserable-looking tract, in a sugar-paper wrapper ; containing, however, a 
 considerable body of useful and exact bibliographical information. 
 
 Souquet (G.). Memoire sur un nouvel instrument nomine Justifica- 
 teur. Boulogne-sur-mer : 1824. 8vo. One sheet, with a litho- 
 graphic plate. 
 
 Refers to a method of making proper margins in bookwork according to a scale, 
 of which there are various illustrations. 
 
 Southward (John). Adversaria Typographic^. [In the Printers' 
 Register , commencing September, 1880. (In progress.)] 
 
 A series of chapters comprising notes literary, practical, antiquarian, and biblio- 
 graphical, concerning the Art of Typography. 
 
 Authorship and Publication : a concise Guide for Authors in 
 
 matters relating to Printing and Publishing, including the Law of 
 Copyright and a Bibliographical Appendix. London: 1881. 
 8vo. pp. viii., 98. 
 
 While touching upon nearly every account of the mechanical details of 
 point that is likely to arise between the printing. It was compiled under the 
 period of the preparation of the manu- supervision of Messrs. Charles W. H. 
 script for the press and the actual pub- and Edward F. Wyman of the Lincoln’s- 
 lication of the book, this work presents Inn Printing and Publishing Offices, 
 at the same time a concise but accurate Great Queen Street, London. 
 
 Dictionary of Typography and its Accessory Arts. Presented 
 
 to the subscribers of the Printers' Register. London : 1871. 4to. 
 2 leaves and pp. 72. 
 
 Issued as supplements, 4 pages each Charles Maillard. The “ Dictionary of 
 month, to the Printers’ Register. Some Typography” was reprinted from advance 
 of the bound copies contain at the end an sheets in the Printers’ Circular (Phila- 
 8 -page sheet, headed “ Quarcentenary of delphia), and formed the basis of Ring- 
 English Printing,” for which the author wait’s “ American Encyclopaedia of Print- 
 is not responsible, it being written by mg.” — See Ringwalt. 
 
 Four Centuries of Printing in England. London: 1877. 
 
 4to. pp. 12. 
 
 250 copies printed for private circulation. A short sketch of the progress of 
 typography from its origin ; republished from Wyman’s “ Everybody’s Year Book ” 
 for 1877 — the quarcentenary year of printing in England. 
 
 Southward’s Dictionary of Typography, with its Auxiliary Arts. 
 
 Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. February to June, 1872. London. 4to. 
 
 A reprint of this work in monthly parts was commenced, but the above are all that 
 appeared. Along with it were issued specimen sheets of new types, ornaments, &c., 
 supplied by the type-founders. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 379 
 
 Second edition. London : 1875. 8vo. Woodcut of Guten- 
 berg as frontispiece, 3 un-numbered leaves, and 138 pages of text. 
 At the end : “The Literary Almanack,” compiled by William 
 Blades, pp. 24. 
 
 The Printing Times a?id Lithographer Mr. John Southward, the compiler of the 
 said of this work : “ In it will be found Dictionary, is himself a practical printer, 
 matter which will well reward the time It may be proper to mention here that he 
 which may be bestowed on its perusal even has shown a praiseworthy devotion to 
 by the most experienced person practically literature — and more particularly that 
 engaged in the prosecution of the art. relating to the art of printing.” 
 
 Practical Printing. A Ha 
 
 London : 1882. 8vo. pp. vi 
 
 Originally published in monthly chap- 
 ters in. the Printers' Register ; then 
 issued in parts, afterwards reprinted as 
 above. It has been reprinted in Castners 
 Monthly (Sydney) and the Pacific 
 Printer (San Francisco). — See Periodi- 
 cal Publications. 
 
 The Printing T imes'and L i thographcr, 
 reviewing the book, says : — “The pithy 
 title of this work is a correct clue to its 
 contents, it being, in every sense of the 
 word, a trustworthy guide to Practical 
 Printing, and as such invaluable to the 
 young typographer. Commencing, so 
 to speak, with the alphabet of the art, 
 the reader or student is by degrees 
 initiated into the mysteries of the com- 
 posing compartment, the press and 
 machine-rooms, the stereotype foundry, 
 and the warehouse. Considerably more 
 than half the volume is taken up with an 
 elucidation of case work— a subject that 
 has been ably and exhaustively treated 
 in all its manifold ramifications. One 
 
 Printers’ Institutions. [In 
 
 An account of the leading benevolent, 
 sations specially belonging to the Printing 
 
 ldbook of the Art of Typography. 
 634. Second edition, 1884. 
 
 of the special features of this section is 
 the chapter devoted to music compo- 
 sition, a branch of business understood 
 by very few compositors, and one upon 
 which the majority of hand-books are 
 consulted in vain. No less than twenty- 
 three pages are devoted to a lucid 
 explanation of this subject. Without 
 going into any detail as to the contents, 
 we may say that the work is one of the 
 best and most comprehensive manuals in 
 the market, and even the typographer of 
 experience may study its pages with 
 advantage. 
 
 “ Mr. Southward is a devoted student 
 of everything that belongs to the art of 
 Typography, and he has embodied in the 
 present hand-book a fund of valuable 
 information. A number of woodcuts and 
 diagrams adds to its usefulness.” 
 
 A second edition is now being pre- 
 pared, the first having been exhausted 
 in less than twelve months. 
 
 the Printers' Register , 1876. 
 
 protective, educational, and other organi- 
 trade. 
 
 The History of Stereotyping and Electrotyping : Historical 
 
 Introduction to “Stereotyping and Electrotyping,” by F. J. F. 
 Wilson (Wyman’s Technical Series. London: 1879. 8vo. ). 
 pp. 24. 
 
 The only complete account of the art, from the beginning, yet compiled. It has 
 the advantage of being the work of a practical man. 
 
 — The Origin and Progress of Letterpress Printing. An Historical 
 
 Introduction to “The Letterpress Printer,” by J. Gould (Middles- 
 brough : 1881. 8vo.). pp. 6-26. 
 
 — The Origin and Progress of Printing. Historical Introduction 
 to Catalogue of the Printing, &c., Exhibition at the Agricultural 
 Hall, London, 1880. London. 8vo. pp. 65 99. 
 
3&o Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 The Press of Spain. [In the Printers' Register , vol. vii. p. 130 ; 
 
 vol. viii. pp. 2, 33, 67. London : 1869.] 
 
 A .series of articles descriptive of the which he was an involuntary spectator. 
 Newspaper and other Printing-establish- Marthens (“Typographical Bibliogra- 
 ments of Spain, visited by the author in phy”) states that these articles were 
 1868, immediately before the Revolution, reprinted : this is an error, 
 of some of the more stirring scenes of 
 
 Youth’s Business Guide. 
 
 entering Life. London: 1883. 
 
 Published under the pseudonym of 
 
 Experientia.” Although intended for 
 the instruction and guidance of youths 
 entering any profession or avocation, it 
 contains many references to the craft of 
 printing ; and in the technological bib- 
 liography is a list of practical books on 
 the typographic art. 
 
 Mr. John Southward (born 1840) is 
 the son of a Liverpool printer. He was 
 educated at the Liverpool College, and in 
 1857 was the editor of the Liverpool Philo- 
 sophical Magazine , a monthly record of 
 the proceedings of the learned societies of 
 the town.. On its discontinuance, Novem- 
 ber, 1857, he acted in the same capacity 
 on the Liverpool Observer, published and 
 printed in his father's office. It was the 
 first penny weekly paper issued in Liver- 
 pool, but want of sufficient capital, to meet 
 the competition which soon sprang up, had 
 an adverse influence upon its prosperity. 
 It was, however, continued until 1865, 
 when Mr. Southward went to London to 
 complete his knowledge of the printing 
 art. He at first intended to seek a 
 situation at Hansard’s. Being wrongly 
 directed; he found himself in the office of 
 Messrs. Cox & Wyman, now Wyman 
 & Sons, and obtained a situation there as 
 reader. The connexion thus accidentally 
 begun has continued down to the present 
 time, Mr. Southward having been en- 
 gaged upon the literary staff of several of 
 the journals published by that firm. In 
 1868 he went to Spain, and visited the 
 most remarkable Printing-establishments 
 of the Peninsula, the result being the 
 series of chapters on the Press of Spain 
 referred to above. In 1869 he joined the 
 staff of the Printers' Register , and 
 
 A Practical Manual for those 
 i2mo. pp. 145. 
 
 has ever since and almost continuously 
 written for that journal. In 1871, along 
 with the late Mr. Andrews, he was elected 
 Corresponding Member of the Franklin 
 Society of Chicago. Since then he has 
 almost exclusively devoted his attention 
 to typographical literature, contributing 
 to the principal journals of the craft. He 
 is a contributor to the Printing Times 
 and Lithographer, and his share in the 
 compilation of this Bibliography of 
 Printing is referred to in the Preface, 
 vol. i. 
 
 In 1883, on the occasion of a Printers’ 
 Exhibition at the Agricultural Hall, 
 London, Mr. Southward was appointed 
 one of three judges in a competition for 
 high art printing, and for various im- 
 proved machines and appliances ; and 
 drew up the regulations for a contest in 
 quick type-setting in which a number of 
 compositors took part. In the same year 
 before the Conference at Liverpool of the 
 Library Association of the United King- 
 dom he read a. paper on “Technical 
 Literature in Free Public Libraries ” ; 
 showing the poor supply of practical 
 books of the kind in comparison with 
 other books. He appealed for a larger 
 infusion of those works which tended 
 “ to make the man a better mechanic,” 
 as well as “to make the mechanic a 
 better man ” ; and showed the beneficial 
 influences which would be exerted on 
 technical literature itself if his proposi- 
 tions were accepted. The paper has since 
 been republished in pamphlet-form (Lon- 
 don, 1883, i2mo. pp. 24). — Mr. Blades, 
 the biographer of Caxton, says : “ Mr. 
 Southward is an ardent co-worker in the 
 same field as myself.” 
 
 Soyer (L.). Coup d’oeil sur la Gravure et son histoire. Paris : 1839. 
 i2mo. 
 
 Reprinted from the “Encyclopedic des gens du monde,” vol. xii. Very slight 
 and general ; of no value for reference. 
 
 Spangenberg (C.). Wider die bosen sieben ins Teufels Kartoffel- 
 spiel. Jena: [1562]. 4to. 
 
 The contents of this volume are : — between signatures rij. and Kkj. — Wider den 
 alten Gecken Jaspar Gennep, Buchdrucker zu Collen ; on the title-page is a 
 caricature. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 38i 
 
 Spangenberg (J. Ch. J.). Handbuch der in Jena seit beinahe fiinf- 
 hundert Jalireh dahingeschiedenen Gelehrten, Kiinstler, Studenten 
 und andern bemerkenswertben Personen, theils aus den Kirchen- 
 biichern, theils aus andern Hulfsquellen gezogen und nach dem 
 Jahre 1819 geordnet. Jena : 1819. 8vo, 
 
 From the Geschichte der Jenaischen Btichdrucker und Buchhdndler. 
 
 Spanjer (E.). Confessionale, ou Beichtspiegel nach den zehn Geboten, 
 reproduit en facsimile d’apres l’unique exemplaire conserve au 
 Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, avec une Introduction par 
 J. W. Holtrop. La Haye : 1861. 8vo. 8 leaves of text and 
 8 leaves of facsimiles. 
 
 Only 200 copies were printed of this interesting account and reproduction of a 
 unique fifteenth-century Block-Book of the Ten Commandments. 
 
 Spanish Royal Press. Muestras de los nuevos Punzones y Matrices 
 para la letra de Imprenta. Madrid: 1787. 8vo. 
 
 A specimen book of the new punches and matrices for type-founding, contained 
 in the royal printing-house at Madrid. This fine establishment is now, unfortunately, 
 given up, and Spanish printing reduced to a sadly low level. There is no institution 
 in Spain corresponding to the French Government Printing-office. 
 
 Spanish Woodcuts. A collection. Barcelona [Madrid], 1850-60. 
 Folio. 
 
 A remarkable volume, contained in the “ Baladreros en Barcelona,” “Corrida 
 British Museum, of woodcuts, chiefly de toros y novillos,” and some religious 
 small ones, in series, illustrating various subjects, the martyrdoms being re- 
 subjects, as the “ Abecedario pintoresco presented with singular fulness and 
 para los ninos,” “Actesy oficios enanos,” horror of details. 
 
 Spano (Giovanni). Notizie storiche documentate intorno a Niccolo 
 Canelles della citta d’lglesias primo introduttore dell’ arte tipo- 
 grafica in Sardegna. Cagliari : 1866. 8vo. 
 
 An account — the best in existence — of the origin of printing in Sardinia. 
 
 Species facti, warhaffte und Acten-massige, in Sachender Samptlichen 
 Buchdrucker- Kunst-Genossen in Franckfurt am Mayn contra 
 Johann Bernhard Bader daselbst Appellationis. [1719.] fol. 
 
 The record of an interesting trial relative to the responsibilities and rights of 
 apprentices, at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 
 
 Spectacle de la nature et des arts en 4 langues. Savoir : allemand, 
 latin, fran9ais et italien. i° Recueil. Berlin : 1761. 4to. 
 
 Representations of the different trades by means of 30 curious etchings, designed 
 and engraved by J. W. Meil. One of them depicts “ 1 ’Imprimeur. ” 
 
 Spel, Historisch, der boekdrukkunst, opgedragen aan de neder- 
 landsche jeugd. Amsterdam: [n.d.]. 8vo. With a copperplate 
 diagram in 4to. 
 
 Spieghel (Henrik Laurentz). Hart Spieghel en andere rede-schriften 
 meest noyt voor dezen gedrukt. Amsterdam: 1615. 8vo. 
 
 A very interesting little work, written was originally published “Voor Cornelis 
 in Dutch verse. Koster is naturally Dirckxz Cool., Boek-ver Cooper in Sint 
 upheld as the inventor pf typography, Ians-straet.” This edition is printed 
 beginning with wooden types. The book throughout in black letter. 
 
3 82 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Another edition. Amsterdam : 1616. i6mo. 
 
 Contains a copperplate portrait (behind the title) of the author, dated “anno 1579, 
 a:tatis 30.” 
 
 Another edition. Amsterdam : 1650. 8vo. Frontispiece ; 
 
 pp. 120. 
 
 Added to the copy, in the British Museum, is H. L. Spieghel’s Byspraax 
 Almanak ; and at the end is a curious poem, beautifully written in pen-and-ink. 
 
 Hart Spieghel en andere zede-schriften. Met verscheidene 
 
 nooit gedrukte stukken verrijkt,en door aenteekeningen opgeheldert 
 door P. Vlaming. Met nieuwe figuren. Amsterdam: 1723. 8vo. 
 
 Hartspiegel en andere zede-schriften meest noyt voor dezen 
 
 gedrukt. In nieuwer Taal ei\ Dichtmaat overgebracht door 
 Mr. W. Bilderdijk. Amsterdam : 1828. 8vo. pp. 121. 
 
 A very well printed volume, and, in that respect, a remarkable contrast to previous 
 editions. 
 
 [Spilsbury (F.)]. The Art of Etching and Aquatinting, strictly laid 
 down by the most approved.masters; sufficiently enabling Amateurs 
 in Drawing to transmit their works to Posterity ; or as Amuse- 
 ments among their circle of friends. To which is added the most 
 useful Liquid Colours, well adapted for staining and colouring the 
 above, &c. , &c., with a specimen of Landscape and Profile by 
 F. Yrubslips [Spilsbury transposed]. London: 1794. l2mo. 
 
 Very slight and meagre in its directions ; of little, if any, practical value. 
 
 Spin (C. A.): Drukproef met onderscheidene lettersoorten uit de 
 
 drukkerij van C. A. Spin. Amsterdam: 1825. 4to. 
 
 Specimens of type from the Dutch foundry of C. A. Spin — one of the most 
 important establishments of the kind in Holland. 
 
 Spira. — See Denis; Pellegrini. 
 
 Spoerl (Johann Conrad). Introductio in notitiam insignium typo- 
 graphorum. Dissertatione epistolari ad Fridericum Roth- 
 Scholtzium proposita. Norimbergge et Altorfii : 1730. 4to. 
 pp. 71. Portrait. 
 
 Reprinted in “ Roth-Scholtzii Thesaurus Symbolorum ac Emblematum,” &c. 
 (1730. Folio). — See Roth-Scholtz. 
 
 Spon. Le nouveau Spon, ou Manuel du Bibliophile et de l’Archeologue 
 Lyonnais. . Ayec facsimile de differentes editions fra^aises, 
 marques typographiques, planches, fleurons, encadrements. Lyon : 
 1856. 8vo. 
 
 1 14 copies printed, of which 62 were divided into two parts, the first of which 
 on Dutch, 25 on large Dutch, 25 on only is interesting to the bibliophile : Art 
 large vellum, and 2 on China paper, in typographique — L’imprimerie a Lyon— 
 4to. Tableau des imprimeurs et des libraires 
 
 This publication of Jean Bapt. Mon- de Lyon — Anciens reglements de l’im- 
 falcon was named after Jacob Spon (died primerie a Lyon — Catalogue des editions 
 1685), the archaeologist of Lyons. It is lyonnaises. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 383 
 
 S pottiswoode (William), M.A., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.I). Specimen 
 of some of the Types in use in Spottiswoode & Co. ’s Printing- 
 office, New Street Square, London. London: 1859. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 The British Museum copy has the presentation memorandum written by the late 
 W. Spottiswoode. There are eighteen specimens of foreign type, including Greek, 
 and one of music. 
 
 Spottiswoode Magazine. Edited by John Malcolm Isbister. No. 1, 
 March, 1881 ; No. 2, May, 1881 ; No. 3, July, 1881 ; No. 4 and 
 last, October, 1881. London. 8vo. 
 
 Four numbers only were published. 
 
 Mr. William Spottiswoode, of the 
 firm of Eyre & Spottiswoode, Queen’s 
 Printers, was born in London, January 
 nth, 1825, and died June 27th, 1883. 
 He was the eldest son of the late 
 Mr. Andrew Spottiswoode, for some 
 time Member of Parliament for Saltash, 
 and Printer to the Crown and House of 
 Lords. He commenced his education at 
 a private school, and then proceeded to 
 Eton, being thence transferred to Harrow, 
 where, after a residence of three years, he 
 gained the Lyons Scholarship. He after- 
 wards went to Oxford, and at Balliol 
 College displayed considerable mathe- 
 matical abilities. In 1847 he commenced 
 printing, for private circulation, the 
 “ Meditationes Analytical,” and subse- 
 quently became a prominent member of 
 the London Mathematical Society. In 
 1845 he took a first class in mathematics, 
 and afterwards obtained the Junior and 
 then the Senior University Mathe- 
 matical Scholarships. In 1848 he was 
 elected examiner in the mathematical 
 schools. He had in the mean time 
 become distinguished for his proficiency 
 in Oriental languages, especially in San- 
 skrit. Soon after leaving Oxford, Mr. 
 Spottiswoode was introduced into the 
 working management of the printing 
 business in East Harding- street, Gough- 
 square, which had materially developed 
 under the management of his father. 
 
 Since that time Mr. Spottiswoode’s 
 -leisure was devoted to the study of 
 physics, especially to the subject of the 
 polarisation of light and electricity, as 
 well as to mathematics. In 1865 he was 
 elected President of the mathematical 
 section of the British Association for that 
 year. He was Treasurer of that Associa- ■ 
 tion from 1861 to 1874, of the Royal 
 Institution from 1865 to 1873, and of the 
 Royal Society from 1871 to 1878. In 
 1871 he became Honorary Secretary of 
 the Royal Institution. In 1877 he was 
 elected President of the British Asso- 
 ciation, and in 1879 President of the 
 Royal Society. He published a great 
 number of memoirs and papers on 
 
 scientific subjects. The Universities of 
 Edinburgh, Dublin, and Cambridge con- 
 ferred on him the degree of LL.D. in 
 1871, and the University of Oxford that 
 of D.C.L. in 1878. 
 
 Mr. Spottiswoode married, in 1861, a 
 daughter of the late W. U. Arbuthnot, a 
 lady who has assisted him in a very useful 
 life. His country residence was Combe 
 Bank, Sundridge, near Sevenoaks, and 
 his town house was in Grosvenor-place. A 
 society journal (the World) describing 
 “ Mr. Spottiswoode at home,” says : — 
 “ No greater blunder could be made than 
 to imagine the successor of Sir Joseph 
 Hooker in the presidential chair of the 
 Royal Society as a scientific recluse, 
 buried in his calculations and the remote 
 solitude of an anchorite’s cell. On the 
 contrary, he is a man of business and a 
 man of the world, who cultivates science 
 as he patronises art, for his amusement 
 only. Mr. Spottiswoode is very proud of 
 the title of ‘ Queen’s Printer ’ appended 
 to his name on the book's of Balliol, for 
 which college he happened to win a fair 
 amount of mathematical kudos in his 
 undergraduate days. It may be casually 
 mentioned that since then he has been 
 President of the British Association, and 
 now fills the highest scientific position 
 attainable in this country, besides being 
 a Corresponding Member of the French 
 Academy of Sciences. The office of 
 Queen’s Printer is not quite so purely 
 hereditary as those of Grand Falconer, of 
 Marshal of England, or of that queer 
 partnership known as the Great Chamber- 
 lain, all of which date from ante-spelling 
 times ; but it is in the third generation, 
 and prized accordingly by the Spottis- 
 woodes, whose name, albeit lengthened 
 in spelling, preserves the old pronuncia- 
 tion of the Spotswoods. The President 
 of the Royal Society, who is trustee and 
 governor of numerous learned bodies, has 
 thus a very large business to attend to, 
 and is enthusiastic On the subject of the 
 traditions clustered round the old house 
 with the gilt railings in East Harding- 
 street. A keen student at home, Mr. 
 Spottiswoode is also a travelled philoso- 
 
3«4 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, M.A., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D. 
 
Bibliography 
 
 pher. Gifted like his father, whose 
 portrait by Phillips hangs in his dining- 
 room, with a tall figure and tough thews 
 and sinews as well as a vigorous brain. 
 Mr. Spottiswoode has, like most of his 
 kinsmen, the Longmans, always led an 
 active life. Fond of work, it has seemed 
 well to him to undertake a yearly series 
 of lectures on physics to the people in his 
 employ, with whom he is, despite his 
 anti-union principles, deservedly popular. 
 His friends at Sevenoaks and in London 
 mourn sometimes over the time he devotes 
 to work, and insist that he gives to science 
 what was meant for them. There is, 
 however, one little coterie which he rarely 
 deserts, even for electricity and optics. 
 This is the X Club, which holds its 
 meetings at the St. George’s Hotel, 
 Albemarle-street, near the Royal Institu- 
 tion. Only nine persons belong to this 
 select society, compared with which Our 
 Club and the Royal Society Club are 
 large and popular institutions. The 
 members are Sir Joseph Hooker, Sir 
 John Lubbock, Mr. Herbert Spencer, 
 Professors Tyndall, Frankland, Huxley, 
 Busk, and Hirst, and Mr. William Spot- 
 tiswoode. The summons to the orgies of 
 this sublime society is in itself a curiosity, 
 an object of fear and aversion to the 
 vulgar, displaying merely the letter X 
 linked to the date of meeting by the sign 
 of equality, thus: ‘ X=9.’ On a few 
 rare occasions the wives of the festive X’s 
 are permitted to join in their revels, and 
 the card is then marked, ‘X + yvs =9.’ 
 Professor Huxley and Mr. Spottiswoode 
 are said to be the life and soul of these 
 hilarious meetings.” 
 
 The firm of Eyre & Spottiswoode is 
 quite separate and distinct from the great 
 printing-house of Spottiswoode & Co., at 
 the head of which is Mr. George Andrew 
 Spottiswoode, a younger brother of 
 Mr. William Spottiswoode. In few estab- 
 lishments is there more done for the best 
 welfare of those employed in them than 
 in those belonging to the two brothers. 
 A large number of persons are at work, 
 
 . and a clergyman is engaged to minister 
 to all, both young and old. He holds 
 services and classes for the boys in rooms 
 rented by the two firms, who also pay for 
 a schoolmaster. Many institutions for 
 the healthful recreation, as well as the 
 mental improvement of the employes, 
 are in existence, such as a library, a 
 rowing and cricket club, a choral society, 
 and a volunteer corps. Particulars of 
 these are given in the Spottiswoode Maga- 
 zine above cited — a very interesting work, 
 the discontinuance of which is much to 
 be regretted. Interesting particulars of 
 
 VOL. II. 3 
 
 of Printing. 385 
 
 some of Mr. Spottiswoode’s ancestors will 
 be found in Campbell’s “Genealogy of 
 the Spotswood Family.” References to 
 Messrs. Spottiswoode's Patent, as Printers 
 to Her Majesty, are contained in Thom- 
 son’s “On Bible Monopoly” (London: 
 1840, 8 vo. pp. 92) ; there is also much 
 historical matter relating to printing. 
 
 Shortly after the announcement of the 
 death of Mr. Spottiswoode, the Society 
 of Arts passed at its annual general 
 meeting the following resolution :— 
 “ That this meeting of the Society of 
 Arts desires to express the deep regret 
 with which it has received the news of 
 the death of Mr. William Spottiswoode, 
 one of its vice-presidents, and its sense of 
 the loss which the society has sustained 
 by his decease. In him England loses 
 one of her most remarkable men of 
 science, science itself one of its greatest 
 ornaments, and all who knew him a 
 sincere and valued friend. Besides 
 devoting his own time and thought to 
 the advancement of knowledge, he was 
 ever ready to lend to all engaged in like 
 pursuits the assistance of his experience 
 and his wise counsel. In thus placing 
 on record their own appreciation of his 
 services, the society desires to express its 
 feelings of sympathy with his widow and 
 his family, and also with the Fellows of 
 the Royal Society, of which he was the 
 honoured and beloved president.” 
 
 A few days later, the Dean of West- 
 minster, Dr. Bradley, received a depu- 
 tation in favour of a memorial, very 
 numerously and influentially signed, 
 praying that the late Mr. Spottiswoode 
 might be interred in Westminster Abbey. 
 The dean replied as follows : — “ I am 
 deeply sensible of the loss which the 
 country has sustained in the death of the 
 President of the Royal Society. The 
 names appended to the weighty memorial 
 which you have just laid before me are 
 sufficient evidence of * the widespread 
 desire that the highest public honours 
 should be paid to the memory of one 
 whose peculiar claims have been urged 
 so forcibly. In addition to the memorial, 
 I have this morning received one ex- 
 pressing the same desire, and bearing the 
 signatures of many hundreds of working 
 men with whom he was brought in daily 
 intercourse. Although, in consideration 
 of the limited space yet remaining for 
 interment within the Abbey, I should 
 have myself suggested a monument 
 rather than a grave, yet I cannot but 
 assent, after much anxious consideration, 
 to the wish that your memorial expresses. 
 I recognise in the late Mr. Spottiswoode 
 not merely a man of special scientific 
 
 D 
 
3 86 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 attainments, but one who, from his 
 interest in and sympathy with all the 
 many branches and departments of 
 scientific knowledge, was peculiarly fitted 
 to 'represent English science in its widest 
 aspect, and who was at the moment of 
 his death the chosen and the honoured 
 President of the Royal Society. I 
 recognise in him also a man of the very 
 highest and most stainless character — 
 one whose great gifts were only equalled 
 by the purity and attractiveness^and, I 
 may be allowed to add, the devotedness 
 and humility of his daily life. And, not 
 least of all, I feel that in honouring him 
 we are not only honouring one whose 
 name is dear to men of science and of 
 literature and of eminence in every 
 sphere of public and of social life, but 
 one whose memory will long be treasured 
 by the working classes, to whose highest 
 interests and welfare he was so deeply 
 devoted.” 
 
 Accordingly, on the 5th July, the body 
 of Mr. Spottiswoode was interred in the 
 national Valhalla. The immense build- 
 ing was crowded in every part, and the 
 mourners included many of the most 
 eminent persons in literature, science, and 
 art, besides representatives of the Royal 
 Family and her Majesty’s Government. 
 Mr. Spottiswoode is, we think, the first 
 printer ever interred in the Abbey. 
 
 By the will of Mr. Spottiswoode all 
 his share and interest in the capital and 
 plant of the Queen’s Printing-office, 
 carried on by him in partnership with 
 Mr. George Edward Eyre, are given to 
 his two sons, by whom the business will 
 be continued. 
 
 The preceding details have reference 
 chiefly to the public as apart from the 
 professional career, as a printer, of the 
 late Mr. Spottiswoode. It ought to be 
 added in a technical bibliography like 
 the present, that as a business man he 
 was “thorough,” grasping every detail 
 
 at a glance, and bringing a clear and 
 well-balanced judgment to bear upon 
 the questions submitted to his consider- 
 ation. As soon as he had made his 
 influence felt in the conduct of the con- 
 cern, he applied himself to the advance- 
 ment, both mentally and physically, of 
 those in his employ. He first formed an 
 early morning class of some of the ware- 
 house boys ; afterwards he took the read- 
 ing-boys in hand, subsequently offering 
 educational facilities for the apprentices. 
 At the time the ordinary working hours 
 of printers were practically unlimited 
 throughout the trade and nominally 
 extended from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m., leaving 
 time neither for recreation nor improve- 
 ment, his firm abridged the hours from 
 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. , and wages were paid on 
 Friday afternoons instead of Saturday 
 mornings. Subsequently, a permanent 
 morning school was formed for reading- 
 boys and an evening school for the other 
 youths. A schoolmaster was appointed, 
 as well as a chaplain ; and annual exami- 
 nations were instituted. Mr. Spottis- 
 woode himself delivered lectures on 
 scientific subjects. A Rowing Club was 
 formed. The hours of work were short- 
 ened on Saturdays, first to 4 and then to 
 2 o’clock. In 1853 a Choral Society 
 and a library were established. Meals 
 and refreshments at remarkably moderate 
 prices were supplied on the premises to 
 all employes, and in various other ways 
 Mr. Spottiswoode practically evinced his 
 solicitude for the welfare of every one in 
 his service. 
 
 A bust of Mr. Spottiswoode is being 
 executed at the expense of the workers 
 in the establishment. It will be placed 
 in a conspicuous site on the premises. 
 Mr. Belt was selected as the most suitable 
 person to be the sculptor of the memorial ; 
 and it is interesting to know that he was 
 once employed in the warehouse depart- 
 ment of the printing-office. 
 
 — See Harrison ; King’s Printers ; also Parliamentary 
 Papers. 
 
 Sprecher (J. A. von). Die Officin der Landolfi in Poschiavo. 1549- 
 1615. (Vortrag gehalten in der historisch-antiquarischen Gesell- 
 schaft zu Chur.) [In Bibliographie de la Suisse, 1879, Nos. 3-8.] 
 
 A monograph devoted to the history of an important Swiss printing-Tiouse. 
 
 Sprenger (Placidus). Aelteste Buchdruckergeschichte von Bamberg, 
 wo diese Kunst, neben Mainz, vor alien ubrigen Stadten Deutsch- 
 lands zuerst getrieben worden, aus der Dunkelheit hervorgezogen, 
 und bis 1534 fortgefuhrt, auch mit ein Paar Abhandlungen 
 versehen. Niirnberg : 1800. 4to. pp. vii. and 86. 
 
 Upholds the theory — now altogether discredited — that Albert Pfister, of Bamberg, 
 was the inventor of Printing. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 387 
 
 Springer (John). A few Preliminary thoughts toward an Essay on 
 the Life and Character of William Caxton, the first English printer. 
 Read before Irving Institute, of the Iowa State University, 
 February 2, 1877. Iowa City, Iowa: 1877. 8vo. pp. 1 1. 
 
 A very slight sketch of our English proto-typographer, with a warm eulogy of the 
 Art of Printing. 
 
 An Extended Catalogue of a few Books and Pamphlets and 
 
 Scattered Magazines in varied languages and stages of English, 
 treating on the History and Mystery of Printing, its appendages 
 and dependencies, with some hotes original, stolen, and selected 
 from the works of intelligent writers. Iowa City, Iowa : 1878. 
 8vo. pp. v. 48, 4, with photographic portrait of the author and 
 page of autograph facsimile. 
 
 75 copies only printed, for private cir- 
 culation. 
 
 The author describes himself on the 
 title-page as a “ printer who, though poor 
 in purse and deficient in literary and 
 artistic taste, is rich in hope and abounds 
 in egotism.” The catalogue of his books 
 is enlivened with a variety of ad captan- 
 dum annotations, but indicative of a warm 
 appreciation of the literature of his art. 
 
 At the close are some “ memoranda ” on 
 wooden types, in which the writer claims 
 that they are practicable, giving only six 
 lines of great primer ij inch in length, 
 to prove his assertion ; a letter from Mr. 
 Thomas MacKellar, the type-founder, on 
 some points contained in De Vinne’s 
 “Invention of Printing”; and other 
 allusions, not of permanent historical in- 
 terest. 
 
 — Memoranda relating to early Press of Iowa. Iowa City: 1880. 
 8vo. pp. 17 and a list of Pamphlets by the author. 
 
 Only 50 copies were printed, for private 
 circulation. 
 
 Mr. Springer- was born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1850, and his parents removed 
 to Iowa in 1857. He received his educa- 
 tion in the common schools of the county, 
 and by the assistance of a gentleman who 
 was a friend of the family. His father 
 died when he was fifteen, and he had 
 then to make his own way in the world. 
 He was bound apprentice to the Hon. 
 Jno. P. Nish, publisher of the State 
 
 Press, Iowa City, and worked in that 
 office in every capacity, from errand boy 
 to foreman, and he is now a part owner 
 of the printing-office, and editor of the 
 Press. Mr. Springer says that his 
 taste for the bibliography and history 
 of printing was excited by a copy of 
 Meerman’s “Origines Typographic, ” 
 and in order to be able to read it he 
 took lessons in Latin, and he afterwards 
 studied French, “ without a master,” to 
 read Bernard’s “Origine.” 
 
 Stackhouse (Rev. T.). The Bookbinder, the Book-printer, and 
 Bookseller confuted. London : 1732. 8vo. pp. 28. 
 
 Mr. Stackhouse was curate of Finchley Church, and attacks in this pamphlet 
 an incorrect edition of the Bible by “ one Edlin.” 
 
 Stadelberger (Jacob). 
 
 The device of this printer is copied from 
 an extremely curious book not noticed by 
 the bibliographers, “ Jac. W [imphelin- 
 gius] contra turpem libellum Philomusi, 
 Heidelberg,” 1517. 4to. It is different 
 from that given by Panzer, who names 
 only one book (dated 1513) as proceeding 
 from the press of this printer. The device 
 
 (given on p. 388) consists of three shields 
 resting on the mantles of a knight’s 
 helmet, surmounted by the crowned head 
 and mane of a lion. The right shield 
 bears the arms of Bavaria, the left a lion 
 rampant, the arms of Heidelberg ; the 
 middle one is supposed to contain the 
 arms of Zurich. 
 
3 88 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 STADELBERGER. HEIDELBERG : 1513-1517. 
 
 Stadele (S.). Ausfiihrliche Anleitung zum Autographiren auf Zink- 
 platten mittelst Farbwalze. Miinchen : 1871. Large 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Practical : includes specimens of Zincography. 
 
 Das Ganze des Zinkdruckes oder vollstandige theoret. und 
 
 praktische Anweisung zur Anwendung der Autographie in ihrem 
 ganzen U mfange. Second edition. Ebend. : 1872. 8vo. pp. 112. 
 Stadelmann (Christian Friedrich). Festrede zur vierten Sacularfeier 
 der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst in dem Herzogl. Gymnasium 
 zu Dessau am 29. Juni 1840 gehalten. Dessau. 8vo. 1 sheet. 
 
 An edition was published in Latin, with the following title : — 
 
 Memoriam Joannis Gutenbergii, artis typogr. inv., inter solemnia 
 
 hujus artis ssecularia in Germania, nunc quartum instaurata. 
 Dessau : 1840. Folio. 3 leaves. 
 
 An account of the fourth German centenary celebration of the invention of 
 printing. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 3 8 9 
 
 STAEGER (F.). Nacht und Morgenroth oder Guttenberg gefeiert im 
 vierten Jubeljahr der Buchdruckerkunst zu Halle an der Saale. 
 Halle : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 A publication chiefly referring to the first Halle typographical publication. 
 
 Staenglen (Karl). Kurze Geschichte der Buchdruckerkunst seit 
 ihrer Erfindung bis auf die neueste Zeit, nebst den Biographien 
 einiger der beriihmtesten Buchdrucker, aus den sichersten Quellen 
 geschopft. Stuttgart : 1840. 8vo. pp. 18. 
 
 Stallbaum. De usu orationis — mirifice aucto et amplificato. 
 Gymnasial - Programm zum Buchdrucker -Jubilaum. Leipzig: 
 1840. 
 
 Stanbury (George). Practical Guide to Lithography, or the Art of 
 Drawing on Stone ; and the various uses of the materials supplied 
 by him. London: 1851. 8vo. pp. iv. 15. 
 
 _ A very poor production, ostensibly Consort have attracted attention, it 
 intended to advertise the inks, &c., of the [etching] has become a fashionable 
 publisher. The preface refers to the study on the part of the elite to make 
 letters from fashionable amateurs, which their drawings on stone, so that, like 
 the author has received for instruction, the royal personages previously alluded 
 on the various articles supplied by him. to, duplicates to any number may 
 “ Since the piracy of the etchings of Her be distributed to their distinguished 
 Most Gracious Majesty and her Royal friends.” 
 
 Stanley (Arthur Penryhn), D.D., Dean of Westminster. A Speech 
 by the Very Reverend Dr. Stanley, Dean of Westminster, delivered 
 at the 41st Anniversary Dinner of the Printers’ Pension Corpora- 
 tion, held at the London Tavern, on Tuesday, July 7, 1868, to 
 which is added a Speech by Charles Reed, Esq., F.S.A., and a 
 Statement by Mr. Bloomfield, Chairman of the' Council. London : 
 1868. 8vo. pp. 15. 
 
 “ Let there be Light.” A Discourse in Commemoration of the 
 
 Origin of the Art of Printing in England, delivered in Westminster 
 Abbey on Sunday, January 28, 1872. By the Very Rev. A. P. 
 Stanley, D.D., Dean of Westminster. Revised by the author, 
 and by his permission published in aid of the Westminster Abbey 
 Pension Fund in connexion with the Printers’ Pension, Almshouse, 
 and Orphan Asylum Corporation. London: 1872. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 The first of these pamphlets consists of having emanatedfrom Westminster Abbey, 
 a speech delivered in proposing the toast The text (Gen. i. 3) is inscribed on the 
 
 of “ Prosperity to the Printers' Pension, 
 Almshouse, and Orphan Asylum Corpora- 
 tion.” The very reverend speaker paid a 
 compliment to the printers by styling 
 them “the children of Westminster 
 Abbey,” on account of the first press 
 having been set up within its precincts ; 
 and then referred to the “general inter- 
 dependence and inter-communion which 
 
 pedestal of Gutenberg’s statue at Stras- 
 burg. An account of the origin of the 
 “Westminster Abbey Fund” will be 
 found in Mr. J. S. Hodson’s “ Printing 
 Trade Charities” (London, 1883, 8vo.), 
 p. 64. 
 
 Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of 
 Westminster, was born 1815, and died 
 1881. He was the author of a great 
 
 must always exist between the Printers of number of works on theology, travels 
 
 England and those who may in any way 
 be reckoned among Authors.” The 
 second is a sermon in aid of a pension 
 fund established in commemoration of the 
 fact of the art of printing in this country 
 
 and antiquities, among them “ Memorials 
 of Westminster Abbey” (3rd edition, 
 1869), containing several references to 
 Caxton arid the first English press . — See 
 Caxton, ante. 
 
39 ° 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Stannard (William John), pseud. — See Sandars (Harry). 
 
 Stapart (Fran5ois). L’art de graver au pinceau, nouvelle methode, 
 
 ■ plus prompte qu’aucune de celles qui sont en usage, qu’on peut 
 executer facilement sans avoir 1’haLitude du burin ni de la pointe. 
 Paris: 1773. i2mo. pp. 96. 
 
 Die Kunst mit dem Pinsel in Kupfer zu stechen, aus dem 
 
 Franzos. iibersetzt von J. K. Harrepeter. NUrnberg: 1780. 8vo. 
 Stappaerts (Felix). Coup-d’oeil sur I’histoire de la gravure dans les 
 Pays Bas. [In Revue de Belgique , 2 e serie, tome ii. Bruxelles : 
 1850. 8vo.] 
 
 The author is a Belgian litterateur who has written extensively on Flemish anti- 
 quities, etc. The article is very weak in facts, and need not be referred to for any 
 new information. 
 
 Star Chamber. A decree of Starre-Chambre, concerning printing, 
 made the eleventh day of July last past [1637]. Imprinted at 
 London. By Robert Barker, printer to the Kings most excellent 
 maiestie : And by the assignes of John Bill. 1637. 4to. pp. 64. 
 
 The importance and rarity of this 
 notorious tract induces us to reprint its 
 first passages, which are as follows : — “ In 
 Camera Stellata, coram Concilio ibidem, 
 vndecimo die Iulij, anno decimo tertio 
 Caroli regis. This day Sir John Bankes, 
 Knight, his Majesty’s attorney general, 
 produced in court a decree drawn and 
 penned by the advice of the Right honour- 
 able the Lord Keeper of the great seale 
 of England, the most reverend father in 
 God, the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 his grace the Rt. honourable and Rt. 
 reverend father in God the Lord Bishop 
 of London Lord High Treasurer of Eng- 
 land, the Lord Chief Justices and the 
 Lord chief baron, touching the regulating 
 of printers and founders of letters, whereof 
 the court having consideration, the said 
 decree was directed and ordered to be 
 here recorded, and to the end the same 
 may be public, and that every one whom 
 it may concern may take notice thereof, 
 the court hath now also ordered that the 
 said decree shall speedily be printed, and 
 that the same be sent to his majesty’s 
 printer for that purpose. Whereas the 
 three and twentieth day of June in the 
 eight and twentieth year of the reigne of 
 the late Queen Elizabeth, and before, 
 divers decrees and ordinances have been 
 made for the better government and regu- 
 lating of printers and Printing, which 
 orders and decrees have been found by 
 experience to be defective in some par- 
 ticulars, and divers abuses have since 
 then arisen, and been practised by the 
 craft and malice of wicked and evil dis- 
 posed persons, to the prejudice of the 
 publi,c ; and divers libellous, seditious, 
 and mutinous new books have been un- 
 
 duly printed and other books and papers 
 without licence, to the disturbance of the 
 peace of the church and state. For 
 prevention whereof in time to come, it is 
 now ordered and decreed, that the said 
 former decrees and ordinances shall stand 
 in force with these additions, explanations, 
 and alterations following.” Then follow 
 the Ordinances, which are headed, “ In 
 Camera Stellatis coram Concilio, undecimo 
 die Julii, anno decimo tertio Caroli regis.” 
 
 The Star Chamber was a tribunal of 
 considerable celebrity in English history. 
 It met in the old Council Chamber of the 
 palace of Westminster, and is said to have 
 derived its name from the circumstance 
 that the roof of that apartment was de- 
 corated with gilt stars. There is, how- 
 ever, another conjecture as to the origin 
 of the name. The Encyclo/xedia Bri- 
 tannica states that the Star Chamber 
 derives its name from having been the 
 place where contracts with the Jews 
 were kept as early as Edward I. These 
 contracts were called in Hebrew Shetar, 
 a covenant, — this seems to have changed 
 to Shtar and Star. It was afterwards 
 translated into Law French by “ la 
 Chaumbre des Estreilles,” and the Latin 
 followed as Camera Stellata. If this 
 view be correct, (She tar) is the 
 
 Hebrew, from which the word is derived. 
 It seems from Gesenius to be a word 
 connected with writing, and used in 
 reference to Law and J ustice ; hence its 
 relation to contracts. 
 
 The court was established in very early 
 times, but its powers had been abridged 
 by several acts of Edward III., and had 
 altogether greatly declined when the Act 
 3 Henry VII., c. i., either renewed them 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 39i 
 
 or instituted an entirely new tribunal. 
 The Act 21 Henry VIII., cap. 20, further 
 extended the powers of the court. During 
 the Tudor Age the Star Chamber was of 
 undoubted utility as a means of bringing 
 to justice great and powerful offenders 
 who would otherwise have had it in their 
 power to set the law at defiance. As a 
 criminal court it could inflict any punish- 
 ment short of death, and had cognisance, 
 among other things, of libels. The form 
 of proceeding was by written information 
 and interrogatories, except when the 
 accused person confessed, in which case 
 the information and proceedings were 
 oral ; and out of this exception grew one 
 of the most flagrant abuses of this tribunal 
 in the later period of its history. Regard- 
 less of the existing rule, that the confession 
 must be free and unrestrained, pressure of 
 every kind, including torture, was used 
 to procure acknowledgments of guilt ; 
 admissions of the most immaterial facts 
 
 were construed into confessions ; and fine, 
 imprisonment, and mutilation inflicted 
 upon a mere oral proceeding, without 
 hearing the accused, by a court consisting 
 of the immediate representatives of pre- 
 rogative. 
 
 The proceedings of the Star Chamber 
 had always been viewed with distrust by 
 the Commons, but during the reign of 
 Charles I. its excesses reached a height 
 that made it absolutely odious to the 
 country at large ; and in the last parlia- 
 ment of that sovereign a bill was carried 
 in both houses (16 Car. I., c. 10) which 
 decreed its abolition. The following 
 work should be consulted for an account 
 of the constitution and jurisdiction of 
 the Court of Star Chamber : — Crompton’s 
 “Star Chamber Cases: Showing what 
 causes properly belong to the cognisance 
 of that Court” (London: 1630, 4to.) ; 
 another edition (London : 1641, 4to.). 
 
 Illustrations of Early English Popular Literature. Edited 
 
 by J. Payne Collier. Vol. ii. London : 1863. 4to. 
 
 The Star Chamber Decree of 1584 is here printed for the first time. It is 
 headed by the editor, “Report of the Royal Commissioners and Decree of the 
 Star Chamber regarding Printers and Stationers. 26 Eliz .” — See Parliamentary 
 Papers. 
 
 Starck (L.). Epreuves d’ornemens typographiques de L. Starck. 
 Paris : 1827. Broadside. 
 
 The Specimen-book of a well-known Paris type-foundry, of German origin. 
 
 Starcke (Petrus). Jesu Succurrente et incluto philosophorum ordine 
 in illustri tilieto, benevole concedente, de ortu Typography, 
 sub praesidio clarissimi et pereximii Dn. M. Johannis Stohrii, 
 ablassensis misnici, ss. Theol. Cultoris et alumn. elector., fautoris 
 sui ac suorum studiorum prcmotoris observandi plurimum solen- 
 niter disputabit. [Meissen?]: 1666. 4to. pp. 24. 
 
 Reprinted in Wolf’s “ Monumenta Typographica,” vol. ii., pp. 456-494. 
 
 Starcke- (Sebast. Gottfr.). Jubilaeum Typographorum Lipsiensium, 
 oder Zweyhundert Iahriges Buchdrucker Jubel-Fest, wie solches 
 deroselben Kunst-Verwandte zu Leipzig am Tage Johannis des 
 Taufifers, anno Christi, 1640, * * mit christlichen Ceremonien 
 celebriret * *. In ofifentlichen Druclc gegeben, und bey den 
 gesampten Buchdruckern daselbsten zu finden. Im Jahr Christi 
 mdcxl. 4to. 17^ sheets. 
 
 Translated “ajuvene ornatissimo Ludovico Kleffekero ” into Latin and printed 
 
 in Wolf’s “ Monumenta Typographica,” vol. i., pp. 1014-1030. 
 
 Stargardisches Buchdrucker- Jubilaeum, wie es im hiessigen illustren 
 Groningischen Collegio wegen der vor dreyhundert Jahren erfun- 
 denen edlen Buchdruckerkunst gefeyert worden von F. Chr. Falcke. 
 Stargard : 1740. 4to. pp. 4, 24, 16, and 24. 
 
 A collection of essays, etc. Pp. 21-24, “ Nachricht von der Buchdruckerey u. d. 
 
 Buchdrucker-Herrn in Stargard.” 
 
392 
 
 Bibliography of Printi?ig. 
 
 Stark (Adam). Printing : its Antecedents, Origin, History, and 
 Results. London : 1855. 8vo. Frontispiece, 3 leaves, and 
 PP- 122. 
 
 Chiefly derived from Horne’s “ Introduction to Bibliography," and of no historical 
 
 interest or value whatever. 
 
 StariCLOF (Ludwig). Drei Tage in Mainz am Gutenbergsfeste (14., 
 15., 16. August 1837). Eine Skizze. Mainz : 1837. 8vo. 
 
 Starrabba (Raffaele)* Di Giovanni Naso e della Stampa in Palermo. 
 [In “ Saggio di ricerche fatte nelP Archivio del comune di 
 Palermo.” Palermo : 1871. 8vo.] 
 
 Statutes. — See Parliamentary Papers, ante. 
 
 Staub (L.). Die Buchdruclcerkunst. Eine historisch-technische 
 Skizze, mit Riicksicht auf die Schweiz, speciell auf Zug. Zug : 
 1870. 4to. pp. 22. 
 
 Programme der Cantons-school in Zug. 
 
 Staveren (J. S. van). Redevoering voor de kinderen der stads- 
 armen-scholen, bij gelegenheid van het vierde eeuwgetijde wan de 
 uitvinding der boekdrukkunst door Laur. Jansz. Koster; gehouden 
 binnen Haarlem, den 11 Julij, 1823. Haarlem : 1823. i2mo. 
 pp. 30. 
 
 ANTWERP: X533-I575. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 393 
 
 Steels (John). 
 
 The device of this printer (given left, are birds flying ; on the right an armil- 
 on the opposite page) is regarded by lary sphere. The name Io. Steel sivs is 
 some bibliographers as the emblem of inscribed above the birds. On the tablet 
 an altar, but from the entire absence of is the inscription : Concordia, res parvce 
 any ritual accessories, and the introduc- crescunt. 
 
 tion of incongruous figures (which no For an account of this printer and his 
 mediaeval artist would have thought of re- productions, see Bulletin dll Bibliophile 
 presenting), it would appear to be merely Beige, 1858-1859, reprinted as “ Releve 
 a stone table. Two birds stand on either bibliographique de ses productions, par 
 side of a sceptre ; above, in the sky on the C. J. N [uyts] .” (Bruxelles: 1859, 8vo.) 
 
 Steenackers (Henry). Quatrains - silhouettes. A travers l’im- 
 primerie. Preface de F. Montauban. Lagny : 1877. 8vo. pp. 8. 
 
 Stegi.ich (E. A.). Skizzen iiber Schrift und Biicherwesen der He- 
 braer zur Zeit des alten Bundes. Leipzig : 1876. 4to. pp. 16. 
 
 Stegmann. Ivatalog der Ausstellung von Arbeiten der vervielfalti- 
 genden Kiinste im Bayrischen Gewerbemuseum zu Niirnberg, 
 1877. Niirnberg: 1877. 4to. With 98 woodcuts and 12 plates. 
 
 Steiff (Karl). Der erste Buchdruck in Tubingen (1498-1534). Ein 
 Beitrag zur Geschichte der Universitiit. Tubingen: 1881. 8vo. 
 Frontispiece, pp. xi. 254. Portrait of J. Stoffler, and woodcuts 
 of printers’ marks in the text. 
 
 Reprinted from the Wiirtembergische Vierteljahrschrift , 4th year, part iii. 
 
 Steigenberger (Gerhold). Historisch-Literarisches Versuch von 
 Entstehung und Aufnahme der Kurfiirstlichen Bibliothek in 
 Miinchen, abgelesen am Stiftungstage der hiesigen Akademie, den 
 28. Marz 1784, in dem Bibliotheksaale, etc. [Miinchen : 1784.] 
 4to. pp. 54. 
 
 A translation of this work was issued in French. 
 
 Literarisch-Kritische Abhandlung iiber die zwei alleralteste 
 
 gedruckte deutschen Bibeln, welche in der kurfiirstl. Bibliothek in 
 Miinchen aufbevvahrt werden. Mit Anhange und vier Kupfer- 
 tafeln. Miinchen : 1787. 4to. pp. vi. 63, 3 plates. 
 
 Stein (Paul). Johannes Gutenberg. Kultur-historischer Roman. 
 3 vols. Leipzig : 1861. 8vo. pp. 291, 279, 272. 
 
 Stengel (Stephan Christian von, Baron). Catalogue raisonne des 
 Estampes de Ferdinand Kobell. Nuremberg: 18^2. 8vo. 
 
 Stephanus (Henry II.). [Eng. Stephens ; Fr. Estienne.] Artis 
 Typographicse Querimonia de illiteratis quibusdam Typographis 
 propter quos in contemptum venit. Paris: 1569. 4to. 
 
 A poem of 128 lines, with E7nra0ia Tornebus, Gulielmus Morelius, Joannes 
 TvTroypcKbuv at the end. The Epi- Oporinus Robertas Stephanus, and 
 taphs include those on Aldus Manutius, Joannes Frobemus. All both in Greek 
 Jodocus Badius, Conrad Badius, Conrad ?nd Latin The poem was translated 
 Neobar, Ludovicos Tile, anus, Adrianos 
 
 Plainte de la Typographic contre certains imprimeurs ignorans 
 
 qui lui ont attire le mepris oil elle est tombee ; poeme latin, 
 VOL. II. 3 E 
 
394 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Robertus Stephanus 
 
 RobehTUM cemf STEPHANUM £_u e m, Gal/uiu crlis 
 %/Iuiitur. jrrim iu C&alcc y ?-aj?hum S t c p li a nus : 
 Qui joius et doctus jrroctiait Sdijrta. jrioram 
 Sor&ona hinc non yult invpiaferre virtrn 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 395 
 
 traduit en fran^ais par un imprimeur de Paris, du xviii e si&cle 
 (Jean-Roch Lottin de St. Germain.) Paris: 1785. 4to. 
 
 The poem was also reprinted in the original language in T. J. van Almeloveen, 
 “ De Vitis Stephanorum.” 1683/ 8vo. See Almeloveen, ante. 
 
 Epistola, qua ad multas multorum amicorum respondet, de 
 
 suie typographic statu, nominatimque de suo Thesauro Linguae 
 Graecc. In posteriore autem eius parte, quam misera sit hoc tem- 
 pore veterum scriptorum conditio, in quorundam typographorum 
 prela incidentium, exponit. Index librorum qui ex officina eiusdem 
 Henrici Stephani hactenus prodierunt. [Geneva]: 1569. i2mo. 
 pp. b4 ; Index Librorum, pp. 32 ; and Appendix ad Catalogum, 
 PP- 6. 
 
 Reprinted both by Almeloveen and Maittaire (q.v.). 
 
 Pseudocicero . . . . du Statu suae Typographiae et Artis 
 
 Typogr. Querim. Halae : 1737. i2mo. 
 
 Classical Learning in France — the great Printers, Stephens. 
 
 [Article in the Quarterly Review, No. 234, for April, 1865, 
 PP- 3 2 3 - 364 -] 
 
 This is a very interesting and well several errors in the previous biographies 
 written article, but it deals with the works of the Stephenses, and we have availed 
 of the family of printers rather from a ourselves of these rectifications, as well 
 literary than from a typographical point as some of his facts, in the sketch which 
 of view. The author has corrected will be found below. 
 
 Geschichte der Buchdruckerei in Frankreich. Die Gebriider 
 
 Estienne. Nach dem Quarterly Review von P. v. S. [In Das 
 Ausland , 1865, No. 27. Augsburg. 4to.] 
 
 Vie de Henri Estienne. [In “ Caracteres et Portraits 
 
 Litteraires du xvi e siecle. By Leon Feugere. 2nd edition. 
 Paris : 1864. 2 vols.] 
 
 In 1854 the Academie Franqaise pro- by the same author. It is a neat piece of 
 posed, as one of their prize subjects, a composition, which is about all that can 
 Life of Henry Estienne. The production be said for it. . M. Feugere is indebted 
 of M. Feugere was thought deserving of almost wholly to Renouard’s “ Annales” 
 the prize, and it was subsequently printed for his facts, 
 in the above collected volume of essays 
 
 (Robert) the elder. Libri in officina R. Stephani, partim 
 
 nati, partim restituti et excusi. Paris : 1546. 8vo. 
 
 Les censvres des theologiens de Paris, par lesquelles ils avoyent 
 
 faulsement condamne les Bibles imprimees du Roy: avec la 
 response d’iceluy Robert Estienne. Traduictes de Latin en 
 Francois. [Printers’ Device.] M.D.LII. 156 leaves. 
 
 The book is not numbered in pages, It may be noticed that the above 
 but in folios. It throws great light upon names are in alphabetical order. To give 
 the liberty of the press in the sixteenth them in the proper chronological sequence 
 century. It was reprinted verbatim in would have involved a departure from 
 1866 by Jules-Guillaume Fick at Geneva, the plan of this Bibliography. The 
 with a “ Postface” of 4 pages by Gustave following annotations, however, are not 
 Revilliod. amenable to this requirement. 
 
396 Bibliography op Printing. 
 
 This family of eminent printers carried on the art with the greatest dis- 
 flourished in France and in Switzerland tinction. 
 
 during the sixteenth and seventeenth In order to avoid confusion in our 
 centuries. For nearly two hundred sketch of the Stephenses, we have corn- 
 years, in fact, some member of the family piled tne following genealogy : — 
 
 Henry F.stienne (the first printer of the name), of Pans, 
 Printer to the Paris University, 1496; by himself, 1504-1520. 
 
 Francis I. (Paris). Robert I. (Paris and Geneva). Charles (Paris). 
 Printed -1547 ; died 1550. Printed 1526-1559 (died). Printed 1536-1550 (died). 
 
 Henry II. (Geneva). Robert II. (Paris). Francis II. (Geneva). 
 Printed 1554-1598. Died 1588. Printed 1562-1582. 
 
 Paul (Geneva). Joseph (Geneva). Gervais (Paris). Adrien (Paris). 
 Printed -1598. Died 1627. 
 
 Robert III. (Paris) 
 
 An to 1 n e ( Paris) . Printed 
 
 I 
 
 Henry III. (Paris). 
 
 Printed 1646- 
 
 In the fifth series of his “ Lettres 
 d’un Bibliographe ” M. Madden gives a 
 genealogical table of a female branch of 
 the family, showing the connexion with 
 the celebrated J. Badius Ascensius and 
 other eminent persons, which eventually 
 proved so favourable to the fortunes of 
 the house, of Stephens. We are indebted 
 to M. Madden for part of the chronology 
 in the above genealogical table. 
 
 Henry Estienne, the first printer of 
 the name, was a man of noble birth, but 
 little is known of his early history. He 
 alienated himself from his family, and 
 abandoned his title, preferring to win 
 distinction in promoting the then com- 
 paratively new Art of Printing, and thus 
 throwing open the sources of learning to 
 students generally. As might be expected, 
 he entered into the pursuit with great 
 enthusiasm, and it is worthy of notice 
 that neither he, nor any of his descend- 
 ants, ever attempted to revive their family 
 title of nobility — resting their claims to 
 fame entirely on their merits as typo- 
 graphers. 
 
 It is not known when or from whom 
 Henry Estienne learned the business, 
 but it has been ascertained that he was 
 working in conjunction with Wolfgang 
 Hopyl, as printer to the University of 
 Paris, as early as 1496. His name also 
 appears in conjunction with those of Jean 
 Petit, Denis Roce, and Jodocus Badius 
 Ascensius, repectively. He carried on 
 the business of a printer and publisher for 
 more than twenty years, and published 
 
 -1640. 
 
 on his own account, after 1502, no less 
 than 118 different works, nearly all theo- 
 logical, liturgical, or scholastic. In 1504 
 he latinised his name into Henricus 
 Stephanus. He generally used Roman 
 letters, but sometimes employed the semi- 
 Gothic and abbreviated type, imitated 
 from the manuscripts of the period. He 
 used the arms of the University of Paris, 
 with the addition of his own initials. 
 
 Henry left his foreman, Simon de 
 Colines, the guardian of his children and 
 his executor. Simon (whose surname 
 does not denote nobility, but only that 
 his native place was Colinee or Brittany) 
 married the widow. 
 
 F rancis I. printed at first with Simon 
 de Colines, but after separating from his 
 stepfather carried on the business alone. 
 He enjoyed a great reputation as a typo- 
 grapher, especially from 1537 to 1547. 
 He was a sworn printer to the University 
 of Paris. He published two works 
 entirely in Greek— the Psalter of 1542 
 and the “Horae Virginis” of 1543, and 
 is believed to have issued ten other works. 
 His mark or device was a pedestal, sur- 
 mounted by a closed volume, on which 
 stood a vase, containing an olive tree. 
 In some of his publications Greek mottoes 
 or verses were also added, which have 
 been rendered — 
 
 “ Transient the rose’s bloom, when past 
 and gone ; 
 
 Seek you the flower? You’ll find the 
 bush alone.” 
 
397 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 “Of all things, the most difficult is to 
 please everybody.” 
 
 The type of Francis I. was both hand- 
 some in appearance and accurate in its 
 formation. 
 
 Robert I. was born in 1503, and was 
 seventeen years of age at the death of 
 his father, from whom he probably ob- 
 tained his knowledge of typography. 
 With his elder brother Francis, above 
 mentioned, he worked under the instruc- 
 tion of their stepfather, Simon de Colines, 
 and Robert subsequently acted as the 
 director of his press. He is found in 
 possession of the paternal establishment 
 in 1526. It was in the quarter of the 
 University, in the rue St. Jean de Beau- 
 vais. The door was marked by the 
 device which the father had adopted, and 
 which the son and grandson made famous 
 — the olive-tree, with spreading boughs. 
 The same tree, with the motto, “ N oli 
 altum, sapere sed time ” (Rom. xi. 20), 
 appears in many of his books. Not only 
 the custom of the trade, but the law, 
 with its terrible penalties, required every 
 printer to affix his mat k to every publica- 
 tion. As late as 1650 the olive-tree was 
 still over the door of the same house ; 
 it has now passed into different hands. 
 Robert married a daughter of Badius 
 Ascensius, named Perrette, a lady of 
 much learning. Writing to his son Paul, 
 in 1585, Henri II. referred to the facilities 
 he enjoyed for obtaining a complete 
 knowledge of the Latin language. He 
 says that at one time his father Robert 
 entertained, in his own house, ten persons 
 employed as correctors of the press or in 
 other parts of his business. These were 
 all men of education, but of different 
 languages, which necessitated them to 
 employ Latin as the common medium of 
 communication. He (Henri) was allowed 
 at home to use no other language when 
 addressing his father or one of the ten 
 journeymen. 
 
 From 1526 to 1559, when he died, a 
 space of thirty-three years, not a year 
 elapsed in which Robert did not turn out 
 several volumes — some of them chefs- 
 d' oeuvre of art ; all of them far surpassing 
 anything that had before been seen in 
 France. With respect to most of them 
 Robert was at once printer, corrector, 
 publisher, and author. The whole number 
 of publications, great and small, which 
 have been traced to his press is 527 ; the 
 chief being the folio edition, in three vols., 
 of the “ Latinse Linguae Thesaurus.” 
 
 The zeal of Robert for what he con- 
 sidered to be religious truth led him to 
 undertake the reproduction of the Scrip- 
 tures in a variety of forms. This brought 
 
 upon him twenty-five years of persecution, 
 resulting in his being finally compelled 
 to relinquish a thriving establishment, to 
 leave his home, and to begin the world 
 again on a foreign soil. He did not 
 print French Bibles, but confined himself 
 to the Hebrew and Greek originals and 
 to Latin versions. His supreme effort 
 in this respect was the folio Greek Testa- 
 ment of 1550, in point of beauty said to 
 be the most perfect edition which the 
 press has ever issued. It brought upon 
 him, however, a renewed persecution, on 
 the part of the Sorbonne, and he made 
 up his mind to provide for his safety by 
 removal. By the beginning of 1551 he 
 was at Geneva, and had a press at work. 
 Some time before he had sent off his eight 
 children to various localities under the 
 pretext of placing them at school or in 
 business. The more transportable part 
 of his machinery and stock was quietly 
 removed. He immediately made open 
 profession of the Reformed Religion. The 
 property remaining in Paris was imme- 
 diately sequestered. The sequestration, 
 however, was removed in favour of his 
 nephews. Robert II. very shortly after 
 forsook his father and the Reformed Faith, 
 returning to Paris and the Catholic 
 Church. From this time forward there 
 were two Stephanian presses — one in 
 Paris, in the old house on the rue St. 
 Jean de Beauvais ; the other at Geneva. 
 There was no hostility, not even rivalry 
 between them. 
 
 The press at Geneva sent out books 
 that were cheap, rather than those de 
 luxe. The Greek Testament of 1551, 
 already referred to, deserves notice as 
 being the first in which the division of 
 verses, now in universal use, was intro- 
 duced. This was effected by Robert 
 himself, and was the occupation of a 
 tedious journey on horseback from Paris 
 to Lyons. The term “verses,” which 
 has passed into almost every European 
 language, was not introduced by Robert, 
 who called them sectiunculse (small sec- 
 tions). Robert died at Geneva, as already 
 stated, in 1559. The interesting portrait, 
 which we give on p. 394 is taken, by the 
 kind permission of M. Madden, from the 
 fifth series of his “Lettres d’un Biblio- 
 graplie.” It is a reproduction, by pani- 
 conography, of the engraved portrait at 
 the beginning of the ‘ ‘ De Vitis Stepha- 
 norum ” of Th. Janssonius. 
 
 Charles was even a finer scholar than 
 his brothers Francis and Robert. During 
 his youth he travelled much throughout 
 Europe, increasing the vast stores of his 
 learning upon scientific and artistic sub- 
 jects. On his return from his travels he 
 
39 8 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 became a physician in Paris. About the 
 time that his brother Robert fled to 
 Geneva, Charles, impelled by his inherited 
 tastes, abandoned the profession which 
 he was adorning, and established himself 
 as a printer. He produced a very large 
 number of books, which appeared with 
 extraordinary rapidity. His great merit 
 won hijn the title of King’s Printer, which 
 was never granted to Henry. He re- 
 mained “Rex typographus” from 1551 
 to 1561 ; he also wrote a number of works 
 upon scientific subjects, and others on 
 grammar and criticism. He died in 
 affluent circumstances. 
 
 Henry II. was the eldest of nine chil- 
 dren born to Robert by his first wife, 
 Perrette. To Henry was bequeathed the 
 Geneva printing-office. At the time of 
 his father’s expatriation he was twenty- 
 two, it is thought ; but the point is open to 
 dispute, some authors dating his birth in 
 1528 and others in 1532. He began his 
 education by finding Latin his mother 
 tongue ; at eleven he commenced to learn 
 Greek under the most eminent professors. 
 At seventeen he was initiated into the work 
 of his life, having assisted in correcting 
 the “Dionysius of Halicarnassus,” which 
 Robert brought out in 1547, an editio 
 princeps and a splendid volume. From 
 that moment he devoted himself, as a 
 labour of love, not of profit, to the repro- 
 duction of the works of the ancients, a 
 task to which he remained constant to 
 the last — a period of fifty years. 
 
 On the completion of the “ Dionysius,” 
 Henry left home for more than two years, 
 visiting Genoa, Rome, Naples, Florence, 
 and Padua. At Venice he spent several 
 months, and seertis to have beeh regularly 
 employed in the office of Paulus Manu- 
 tius. In 1549 he returned to Paris with 
 the MSS. and collations which he had 
 amassed in the different libraries. He 
 then assisted in the production of a small 
 Greek Testament, and again left home for 
 another tour, visiting Flanders, Brabant, 
 and England. Returning home, he found 
 his father on the point of taking his final 
 leave of Paris ; but, on seeing him settled 
 at Geneva, he started out on a second 
 journey to Italy, and collected more 
 manuscripts. In 1555 he went back to 
 Geneva, and married. Four years after 
 his father died, and by his will his Geneva 
 establishment fell to his son Henri. Two 
 conditions were annexed to the bequest. 
 The presses were not to be removed from 
 Geneva, and Henry was not to relapse 
 into Catholicism. In either of these cases 
 the property was to be forfeited. Henry 
 was thus fixed, whether he wished it or 
 not, at Geneva. Unfortunately, he often 
 
 offended the Consistory, which exercised 
 a kind of surveillance over the press, and 
 his punishment was on several occasions 
 greatly aggravated by his own lawless 
 and contumacious demeanour. Chafing 
 against the clause in his father’s will 
 which chained him to Geneva, he seized 
 any excuse for visiting Paris, and thus 
 contracted in the latter part of his life 
 habits of roaming about Europe, purpose- 
 less and reckless, and of which his family 
 and friends made much complaint. He 
 came at last to wander about no one knew 
 whither, leaving his books locked up, his 
 presses deserted, and his business ruined. 
 Before this, however, he had done thirty 
 years of labour — labour which might well 
 have filled the lives of three ordinary 
 workers. A mere, enumeration of the 
 publications which issued from his press 
 conveys no measure of the amount of his 
 work. He was not a publisher in our 
 sense, but himself supplied the greater 
 part of the material for his press. He 
 not only corrected the press, but corrected 
 the text. Occasional intemperate excesses 
 of work left him from time to time in a 
 state of mental and physical exhaustion, 
 during which periods he could think of 
 nothing, least of all of his ordinary occupa- 
 tions— could not bear to enter his library 
 or to see the backs of his books. These 
 attacks of what he called “ his com- 
 plaint” also contributed to his craving 
 for change of place and scene. Travel- 
 ling grew into a habit, and at last a 
 necessity of life His long days of riding 
 or sailing in a tow-boat were beguiled by 
 versification. He draws a picture of 
 himself, in a letter to one of his friends, 
 perched up on his travelling - saddle — 
 tablets and pencil in one hand, and 
 bridle in the other ; the bridle dropped 
 altogether from time to time while be 
 jots down what “his muse just dictated 
 to him.” For some time before he had 
 entered upon this habit of life he had 
 become insolvent, through over-publish- 
 ing, although he inherited the bulk of his 
 father’s fortune and the business which 
 created it ; already in 1570 he was re- 
 duced to indigence. 
 
 Much of his travelling was, it should 
 be admitted, suggested by a desire to 
 obtain patronage for his books. Neither 
 his ambition nor his genius, however, was 
 mercantile. His passion was to edit 
 classics. He hoped to get back his 
 outlay, not from the sale of his books, but 
 in the shape of gratuities from princes and 
 wealthy nobles, in return for presentation 
 copies before publication. He had been 
 promised, and had perhaps received for a 
 short time, a regular salary from Fugger, 
 a merchant prince of Augsburg, in order 
 
Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 399 
 
 to enable him to execute his designs in 
 Greek printing. The sole acknowledg- 
 ment on his part was that he described 
 himself on the title-page of his books, 
 
 “ Fuggerorum Typographus.” After 
 1578 his life was that of a hanger-on to 
 the Court of Henry III. of France — a 
 weak and narrow-minded king, but a 
 patron of literature and art. The rest of 
 the life of this eminent printer is a very 
 painful one to recount. His temper 
 became gradually more misanthropical, 
 his understanding more infirm, yet always 
 restless, and he actually sought to repair 
 his dilapidated fortunes by mendicancy. 
 In 1581 he lost his second wife, Barbe, to 
 whom he was most tenderly attached. 
 Some years after, at the age of 58, he 
 married a third time. His presses lan- 
 guished, or produced only reimpressions. 
 His absences from home became more 
 prolonged, and his wanderings more 
 purposeless. His egotism grew on him 
 with fearful rapidity ; he became churlish 
 to his family and alienated his friends. 
 Casaubon, in 1586, married one of his 
 daughters, Florence, and he could not 
 even pay her dower. He was seized by 
 his last malady at Lyons, and died in the 
 public hospital there. He was interred 
 in the common cemetery, near the Hotel 
 Dieu, and a detachment of the burgher 
 guard was obliged to turn out to protect 
 the funeral from the violence of the 
 Catholic mob. This was at the end of 
 January, 1598 — npt the beginning of 
 March, as the old biographers say. 
 
 Henry’s books are divided into three 
 classes : — Editions of the classics, original 
 writings on the Greek and Latin languages, 
 and writings on the French language. He 
 used as a device the olive-tree adopted by 
 his father. 
 
 A Life of Henry Stephens II. is to be 
 found in “ Neujahrsblatt herausgegeben 
 von der Stadt-Bibliothek in Zurich auf 
 das Jahr 1837.” Zurich: 1837. 4to. pp. 
 ii. 34, and portrait. 
 
 Francis II. was a remarkable linguist, 
 and, having embraced the Reformed Re- 
 ligion, practised printing in Geneva from 
 1562 to 1582. He published the works of 
 Calvin, the New Testament in French 
 and English, and other books. He finally 
 settled in Normandy, where he married, 
 and two of his sons, Gervaise and Adrieij, 
 were printers or booksellers in Paris. 
 
 Robert III. printed in Paris for about 
 half a century ; his last publication bears 
 the date of 1640. He received the title of 
 Poet and Interpreter of the King' for the 
 Greek and Latin languages, and a con- 
 siderable number of his Greek and Latin 
 
 epigrams have been preserved. As King’s 
 Interpreter, he translated into French a 
 part of Aristotle’s “ Rhetoric.” 
 
 Paul was born about 15 66, and re- 
 ceived his education chiefly at Geneva, 
 under the care of his grandfather. He 
 travelled extensively during his youth, in 
 order to complete his education and in- 
 troduce him to the world ; and his father, 
 who directed his journeys, also employed 
 him at intervals in his own printing-office, 
 so that he was from extreme youth 
 familiar with the mechanical processes of 
 his future avocation. Henry II. also sent 
 Paul to spend a considerable time under 
 the instrhction of the distinguished Com- 
 melin, of Heidelberg, and Toreasius, of 
 Lyons, just as he himself had the advant- 
 ages of instruction from Manutius. Paul 
 paid much attention to Latin verse, in 
 which he became very proficient. Upon 
 the death of his father in 1598, Paul 
 succeeded him, and continued to print 
 for many years. 
 
 Antoine was born in Geneva, but was 
 educated at Lyons and Paris, where he ab- 
 jured the Reformed Religion, about 1612. 
 He was a printer and bookseller in Paris, 
 and afterwards became King’s Printer, 
 and held various offices, enjoying several 
 pensions. His handsomest works are 
 those published in conjunction with the 
 “Societas Grsecarum Editionum.” He 
 was distinguished for his learning, espe- 
 cially in Greek literature. Antoine became 
 decrepit and impoverished, and died in a 
 hospital at Paris, at the age of 80. 
 
 Henry III., a printer and bookseller in 
 1646, was afterwards King’s Printer. With 
 him the uninterrupted succession of 
 printers in this family is believed to have 
 closed ; but in the year 1826 Firmin Didot 
 was introduced to a young man named 
 Paul Stephens, a lineal descendant of the 
 race. This youth was apprenticed to the 
 Didots, and proved himself so worthy of 
 his descent that he became the director 
 of the mechanical presses of that estab- 
 lishment, and again revived in the same 
 profession a name rendered illustrious in 
 the annals of typography three centuries 
 and a half before. 
 
 The Stephenses have found several 
 biographers, whose works are cited in 
 this Bibliography. — UzV&?Almeloveen, 
 Bernard, Crapelet, Didot, Mait- 
 taire, Greswell, Renouard ; E. 
 Werdet’s “ Histoire du Livre en 
 France,” 3e partie, tome ier ; “Les 
 Estienne et leurs Devanciers apres 1470” 
 (Paris : 1864). 
 
400 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Stephens (A. G.). Notes on T. Bewick’s Illustrations at a Loan 
 Collection of his Drawings and Woodcuts. London : 1880. 8vo. 
 pp. 58. 
 
 An excellent memoir of the celebrated engraver. 
 
 Stephenson (S. & C.). Catalogue of the Stock in Trade . . . . 
 which will be sold by auction by Mr. C. Heydinger. 1797. 8vo. 
 
 Specimen of Printing Types and various Ornaments. London : 
 
 1796. 8vo. 
 
 Stephenson, Blake, & Co. Specimen of Printing Types. Lon- 
 don : [n. d.l 8vo. 
 
 The foundry now successfully carried 
 on by Messrs. Stephenson, Blake, & 
 Co., at Sheffield, was purchased from 
 William Caslon IV. (see Caslon) in 
 1819. It dates its origin from this 
 transaction, and has no earlier history, 
 as some have supposed. It _ is, how- 
 ever, to the father of the present Mr. 
 Stephenson that the eminence of the 
 firm is chiefly attributable. For nearly 
 fifty years he directed the operations of 
 the concern, and to his energy, artistic 
 taste, and practical skill, the reputation of 
 the house, especially for fancy types, is 
 to be attributed — it being his practice 
 
 to finish, with his own hands, all the 
 punches that were produced. The earliest 
 book of specimens issued was in royal 
 octavo. This size was adopted for suc- 
 cessive issues until 1867, when it was 
 changed to royal quarto ; shortly after- 
 wards, however, a smaller edition of the 
 book, in demy octavo, was produced. 
 This again has been changed to small 
 royal octavo. There were, until quite 
 recently, consequently, two specimen 
 books in circulation — one a royal quarto, 
 of 226 pages ; the other a small royal 
 octavo, of 140 pages ; supplements are 
 issued at intervals. 
 
 StErEotypie, La, perfectionnee et de son inventeur veritable. Paris : 
 1834. 8vo. pp. 24. Paris : 1847. 8vo. 
 
 The history of Stereotyping has been 
 given s.v. Ged (William). The subject 
 is also treated at considerable length in 
 Hansard’s “ Typographia,” and in the 
 general works on the practice of printing. 
 The following articles in Encyclopaedias 
 contain much useful information : — 
 “ English Cyclopaedia,” edition of i860, 
 vol. v., p. 762, supplement of 1873, vol. i., 
 p. 1730 ; “ Encyclopaedia Britannica ; ” 
 
 “ Encyclopedic Methodique,” and “En- 
 cyclopaedia Metropolitana,” edition of 
 1845, vol. xxiii., p. 576. See also Wilson 
 (F. J. F.), “ Electrotyping and Stereo- 
 typing,” post. The only complete ac- 
 count, however, is that compiled by Mr. 
 John Southward, as an introduction to 
 Wilson’s practical manual, vide South- 
 ward (John) and Wilson (F. J.). 
 
 Stern (Adolf). Johannes Gutenberg. Epische Dichtung. Leipzig : 
 1873. 8vo. pp. viii. 385. 
 
 A poem in blank verse. The ideal figure of Gutenberg is well drawn, but in the 
 narrative of the invention of printing the poet has given rein to his imagination. 
 
 Stern (Johann & Heinrich). Catalogus derer Bucher so in Liineburg 
 bey Johann und Heinrich Stern, Gebriidern, zu bekommen, und 
 von ihnen verlegt oder gedruckt. Liineburg : 1645. 8vo. 
 
 7 leaves. 
 
 Sternau (C. O. ). Johannes Gutenberg. Episches Gedicht in 5 
 Gesangen. Dresden: 1840. 8vo. pp. 15, in wrapper. 
 
 Stevens (Albert). Pierre et Christine. Invention de lTmprimerie. 
 Verviers : 1874. i2mo. pp. 133. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 40 
 
 Stevens (C. I’.). Roller Guide : a Treatise on Rollers and Compo- 
 sitions. Boston : 1877. 8vo. pp. 60. 
 
 This is professedly an advertisement of 1817, since which time the composition of 
 the rollers and compositions of the firm of the material has undergone but slight 
 Messrs. Wild & Stevens, but it is also changes. 
 
 compiled with the object of affording The mode of making both the ordinary 
 assistance to printers in the casting and and the patent or durable (or Anglo- 
 management of rollers. American -as it is termed) compositions is 
 
 In tracing the history of the invention dealt with in different chapters, together 
 of roller composition, the author “thinks” with directions as to the preparation of 
 that the honour of • their introduction the stocks or cores, moulds, with direc- 
 belongs to England; but to attribute to tions for casting and seasoning. Valuable 
 Messrs. Donkin & Bacon the credit of hints are also supplied for the washing 
 the invention is an error, although that and treatment, as also for the re-casting 
 firm was the first to use composition and keeping. About twenty-five pages 
 rollers on printing-machines. It is a are devoted to advertisements. The 
 well-known fact that Mr. Robert Harrild, pamphlet is well got up, the printing of 
 the founder of the firm of Messrs. Harrild the coloured rules round the letterpress 
 & Sons, of London, made the rollers for being particularly well done. 
 
 Messrs. Donkin & Bacon about the year 
 
 Stevens (Henry). The Bibles in the Caxton Exhibition, 1877 ; or, 
 a Bibliographical Description of nearly 1,000 Representative Bibles 
 in various languages* chronologically arranged, from the first Bible 
 printed by Gutenberg, in 1450-56, to the last Bible printed at the 
 Oxford University Press, 30th June, 1877. With an Introduction 
 on the History of Printing, as illustrated by the printed Bible* 
 from 1453 to 1877, in which is told for the first time the true 
 history and mystery of the Coverdale Bible of 1535. Together 
 with Bibliographical Notes and Collations of many other Bibles in 
 various languages and divers versions printed during the last four 
 centuries. Special edition, revised and carefully collected, with 
 additions. Flavoured with a squeeze of the Saturday Reviezv 
 homily on Bibles. London : 1878. 8vo. pp. vi. 15 1. 
 
 Copies were also printed on Whatman’s hand-made paper in imp. 8vo. 
 
 The History of the Oxford Caxton Memorial Bible, printed 
 
 and bound in twelve consecutive hours, June 30, 1877, London : 
 1878. i6mo. 
 
 This is a beautiful specimen of typo- Wilkins, 9, Castle Street, Chancery 
 graphy from the Elzevir press ; and, in Lane.” The dedication is pathetic in its 
 common with most of Mr. Stevens’s publi- simplicity : “To my Mother. Good here : 
 cations, there is a good deal of originality better there. ‘ But she is in her grave, 
 in its style and mode of arrangement, and, oh ! the difference to me.’” 
 
 The imprint is, “Printed by John C. 
 
 Photo-Bibliography ; or, a Word on Printed. Card Catalogues 
 
 of old, rare, beautiful, and costly books, and how to make them 
 on a Co-operative System ; and Two Words on the Establishment 
 of a Central Bibliographical Bureau, or Clearing-house, for 
 Librarians. Privately printed. 1878. i6mo. pp. 49, 1 plate, 
 facsimile of proposed book tickets. 
 
 Mr. Stevens is an eminent bookseller, following designation of himself, on the 
 as well as a bibliophile, and has col- pages of one of his books above cited, 
 lected together some of the finest libraries will show. “Henry Stevens, G.M.B., 
 in existence — especially in America. F.S.A., M.A., etc.; sometime student 
 Although a typical “bookworm,” he is in Yale College in Connecticut, now 
 certainly not deficient in humour, as the residing in London ; bibliographer and 
 VOL. II. 3 F 
 
402 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 lover of hooks ; Fellow of the Royal Wisconsin ; and Secretary of State, and 
 Geographical and Zoological Societies ; American Minister, near Noviomagus, 
 foreign Member of the American Blk. Bid. Athm. Club, London ; and 
 Antiquarian Society ; Corresponding Patriarch of Skull and Bones at Yale 
 Member of the Historical Societies of University.” Mr. Stevens also published 
 the States of Massachusetts, New York, “ The History of Printing for the Blind,” 
 Connecticut, Maine, Vermont, New in the Reports of the Jurors, Class XVII. 
 Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and in the London Exhibition of 1851. 
 
 Stil-Profver frau Breitkopfska Stilgjuteriet i Leipzig : 1789. 
 
 Popes och Forsterlings St. Kopenhavn : 1803. 
 
 Stimmen Alsatischer Sanger beim Gutenbergs-Feste (24. 25. und 26. 
 Juni, 1840). [Strassburg : 1840. 8vo.] 
 
 Stockmar and Wagner. Schatten und Licht. Eine Festgabe zum 
 vierten Saecularfest der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst, am 
 Johannistage 1840 zu Frankfurt a. M. Frankfurt a. M. : 1840. 8vo. 
 pp. 30. 
 
 One of the authors was the celebrated Baron Ernst Alfred Christian von Stockmar, 
 who also wrote a work on the paper industry of Germany. 
 
 Stockmeyer (Immanuel) and Reber (Balthasar). Beitrage zur Basler 
 Buchdruckergeschichte, zur Feier des Johannistages, mdcccxi., 
 herausgegeben von der historischen Gesellschaft zu Basel. Basel : 
 1840. 4to. pp. viii. 158. 1 folding plate. 
 
 This history of the printers of Basle, with either list of contents or index. There 
 issued on the occasion of the Festival of are a number of facsimiles, admirably 
 1840, contains copies of original docu- engraved on wood, accompanying the 
 ments, as well as bibliographical particu- sketches of the several printers. There 
 lars, concerning the early books issued in is a preface by W. Wackernagel. 
 that city. Unfortunately it is unprovided 
 
 Stoeber (Aug.). Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. Ein Ge- 
 sprach. Strassburg : 1840. 8vo. pp. 16. 
 
 Petite Revue d’Ex-Libris Alsaciens. Mulhouse : 1881. 8vo. 
 
 Frontispiece of Printer’s Mark and pp. 43. 
 
 This little Essay on a subject not previously treated of in Alsace first appeared 
 in the Express de Mulhouse. The author in reprinting it in its present form has 
 added the very interesting book-mark of Lycosthenis, 1518-1561. 
 
 Stoeger (Franz Xaver). Zwei der altesten deutschen Druckdenk- 
 maler (Die Sieben Freuden Maria. Das Leiden Christi) be- 
 schrieben und in neuem Abdruck mitgetheilt. Munchen : 1833. 
 8vo. 4 facsimiles, pp. vi. 84. 
 
 Stohr (J.). Dissertatio de ortu typography. Lipsiae : 1666. 4to. 
 [Reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica,” part ii., pp. 
 456-494.] 
 
 — — — See Starcke (Petrus). 
 
 Stolpe (P. M.). Dagspressen i Danmark, densVilkaar og Personer 
 indtil Midten af det attende Aarhundrede. Met akstykker og 
 Bibliografisk Fortegnelse over Danske Flyveblade. 2 vols. 
 Kjobenhavn : 1878. 8vo. (In progress.) 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 403 
 
 Stolte (Fercl. Ludw.). Faust, dramatisches Gedicht in vier Theilen. 
 Hamburg: 1858-1859. 8vo. 4 vols. : vol. i., Gutenberg (3rd 
 edition, 1869); vol. ii., Richard & Coelesta (2nd edition, 1869); 
 vol. iii. , Ahasverus (ist & 2nd editions, 1869); vol. iv., Faustina 
 (ist & 2nd editions, 1869). 
 
 Stonor (Hon. T. E.). The Private Printing Press at Stonor, 1581. 
 [In the “ Bibliogr. and Historical Miscellanies,” vol. i., No. 20. 
 London : 1854.] 
 
 Published by the Philobiblion Society are catalogued in the last edition, by 
 in xoo copies on laid paper and 25 copies Bohn, of Lowndes’s “Bibliographer’s 
 on wove paper. The other private Manual.” — See also Hume (Rev. A.) 
 printing-presses and their productions Private Printing-Presses, ante. 
 
 Stoppelaar (J. H. de). Het papier in de Nederlanden gedurende 
 de middeleeuwen, insonderheit in Zeeland. Middelburgh : 1869. 
 8vo. With 16 plates. 
 
 Contains nearly fifty paper-marks. A turns on the character of the paper used 
 useful inquiry into the Dutch paper- in the incunabula ; but many wrong 
 marks used in the early Netherlandish conclusions have been arrived at through 
 typographical productions. Much of the want of sufficient information as to the 
 controversy on the origin of printing materials used by the first printers. 
 
 Stoupe (F. G. A.). Memoire sur le retablissement de la communaute 
 des Imprimeurs de Paris. Paris: 1806. 8vo. pp. 39. 
 
 An account of the revival of a co-operative printing concern in the French capital. 
 It has since been closed ; but there are several large offices, at the present time, 
 managed on much the same system. 
 
 Reflexions d’un ancien prote d’imprimerie sur un prospectus 
 
 intitule “ Editions stereotypes.” 8vo. [1800.] 
 
 St.oupe was a Parisian printer, who died in 1808. He pronounced decisively 
 against the advantages of stereotyping, which he regarded as absolutely useless for 
 the printing of books. 
 
 Stower (Caleb). The Compositor’s and Pressman’s Guide to the Art 
 of Printing, containing Hints and Instructions to Learners, with 
 various Schemes of Impositions, Calculations, and the New Scale 
 of Prices for Compositors and Pressmen ; together with a List of 
 Master Printers, Letter Founders, Printers’ Smiths and Joiners, 
 Ink Makers, Wood Engravers, Type Cutters, &c. London : 1808. 
 Royal i2mo. 
 
 A small work, of no particular value, probably issued to meet the needs of 
 printers who could not afford to purchase the following. 
 
 The Printers’ Grammar ; or Introduction to the Art of Printing ; 
 
 containing a Concise History of the Art, with the Improvements 
 in the Practice of Printing for the last Fifty Years. London : 
 1808. 8vo. pp. xviii. 530. 
 
 The first edition was published in 1787. Entirely practical, concluding with 
 20 pp. of Fry and Steele’s, ro pp. of Caslon and Catherwood’s specimens of types, 
 and 16 pp. of index. — See Timperle 
 
404 
 
 Bibliography of Printing . 
 
 The Printers’ Price Book, containing the Master Printers’ 
 
 Charges to the Trade for Printing Works of various descriptions, 
 sizes, types, and pages ; also a new, easy, and correct method of 
 Casting-off Manuscript and other Copy, exemplified in Specimen 
 Pages of different sizes and Types ; to which is prefixed some 
 account of the nature and business of Reading Proof Sheets for the 
 Press, with the Typographical Marks used for this purpose, and 
 their Application shown in an Engraving. London : 1814. 8vo. 
 Frontispiece of “ Typographical Marks,” then pp. iv. and 446. 
 
 A work of little Importance, except as throwing light on the system of paying for 
 compositors’ labour that was pursued in the early part. of the present century. 
 
 Typographical Marks used in correcting Proofs, explained and 
 
 exemplified for the use of Authors. London: 1805. 8vo. pp. 15 
 and plate. Second edition, 1806. Third edition, 1822. 
 
 This was the first of Stower’s pro- the second-hand shops, and should be 
 ductions. secured. They are well written, full of 
 
 Caleb Stower was a printer at practical information, and valuable in 
 Hackney. He died in 1816, at the age many respects, notwithstanding that 
 of 37. Several bibliographers inaccurately some portions, such as those referring to 
 refer to him as “ Charles ” Stower. His press-work, are superseded by modern 
 books are frequently to be met with in machinery. 
 
 Strackerjan (Christian Friedrich). Geschichte der Buchdruckerei 
 im Herzogthum Oldenburg, und der Herrschaft Jever, nebst einer 
 Beschreibung des ersten in Oldenburg erschienenen Buches. Eine 
 Festgabe zurn vierhundertjahrigen Jubelfest der Buchdruckerkunst 
 am 24. Juni 1840. Oldenburg : 1840. 8vo. pp. 48 and I of 
 facsimiles. 
 
 The book was issued with two titles, which vary but slightly. 
 
 Straelen (J. B. van der). Geslagt-lyste der nakomelingen van den 
 vermaerden Christoffel Plantin, Koninglijken Aerts-boekdrukker, 
 binnen de stad Antwerpen ; waerby gevoegd is eene geslagt-lyste 
 der familie Mouretorff, alias Moretus. Alles met groote moeyte 
 en neerstigheyd uyt oorspronkelyke stukken en bewysbare be- 
 scheeden verzameld en opgesteld en met historische aenteeke- 
 ingen en wapens verrykt en opgehelderd. Uytgegeven door 
 P. Th. Moons-van der Straelen. Antwerpen : 1858. Large 4to. 
 Portrait of Balthasar Moretus and pp. 372. 
 
 Supplies many interesting particulars of the Plantin and Moretus families. 
 
 Jaerboek der vermaerde en kunstryke Gilde van Sint Lucas 
 
 binnen de stad Antwerpen. Behelzende de gedenkweerdigste 
 geschiedenissen in dit genootschap voorgevallen sedert hetjaer 
 1434 tot het jaer 1795. Mitsgaders van de koninglylce Academie 
 sedert hare afscheyding van Sint Lucas Gilde tot hare overvoering 
 naer het klooster der minderbroeders. Antwerpen : 1855. Bvo. 
 
 Two admirable monographs, full of information, accurately stated. There are 
 several valuable contributions in them to the history of typography. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 405 
 
 STRAETF.N (Edmond van der or Vanderstraeten). Notice sur Pierre 
 Perret, graveur Beige, du xvi c Siecle. Anvers : 1861. 8vo. 
 
 Perret was a celebrated engraver among his contemporaries. Some of his finest 
 works are in the Brussels Chambre d’Estampes ; and this work gives an account of 
 his career, with references to the chief of his pictures. 
 
 Straker (C.). Instructions in the Art of Lithography. London : 
 1867. 8vo. 6 plates. 
 
 The author is a printer in London who was associated with George Ruse in 
 issuing “The Printer’s Every-day Guide.” Most of the information in the one 
 book is repeated in the other. 
 
 Stralsund. Forme), nach welcher das Deutsche Buchdrucker- 
 Postulat in Stralsund an 2 Liebhaber dieser Kunst, d. 8. Aug. 
 1764 ertheilt worden. Stralsund : 1764. 4to. 
 
 An account of the origin of printing in Stralsund, and of a festival held there to 
 commemorate the discovery of printing in Germany. 
 
 Strantz (Jo. Jac. ). Ursprung, Wachsthum und Fortgang der viel- 
 belobten und edlen Buchdrucker-Kunst, da Hr. Christian Bittorf, 
 Buchdrucker, funf von seinem Sohnen binnen anderthalb Jaliren 
 das gewohnliche Postulat verschenckete, in einem teutschen Car- 
 mine mit Anmerckungen. Schleitz : 1716. Folio. 
 
 Strassburg. Bemerkungen eines Elsassers iiber die Gutenbergfeier. 
 Strassburg : 1840. 8vo. 
 
 Bericht von Erfindung der Buch Truckerey in Strassburg. 
 
 Strassburg : 1640. 4to. 4 preliminary leaves and signatures A 
 to G in fours. 
 
 A neatly-printed tract in favour of Mentelin as the inventor of printing at 
 Strassburg. 
 
 Buchdruck und Formschnitt. Der Buchdiuck in Strassburg. 
 
 Zusammenhang des Holzschnitts mit der Literatur, etc. Von 
 dem Strassburger Holzschnitt. [In Woltmann, “ Geschichte der 
 Deutschen Kunst im Elsass.” pp. 263.] Leipzig : 1876. 
 
 The Jubilee of Printing. 
 
 P- 95-1 
 
 A record in the “Foreign Affairs” 
 department of the magazine to the effect 
 that on February 19, 1740, at Strass- 
 burg, “there was lately celebrated the 
 third hundred year’s feast of the noble art 
 and mystery of printing, discovered in 
 1440, the hono ;r of which is claimed by 
 this city, which disputes it with Mentz 
 and Haarlem. It is remarkable that two 
 other arts were discovered in the same 
 century, viz., the use of the loadstone and 
 compass, and that of gunpowder, which 
 three made a total change in the affairs 
 
 [In Gentleman' s Magazine , vol. x., 
 
 of the world ; namely. Printing in politics 
 and divinity, the Compass in trade and 
 navigation, and Gunpowder in the art of 
 war.” 
 
 We have epitomised, s.v. Gutenberg, 
 ante, the hitherto accepted records of the 
 proceedings in the Lawsuit of 1439, be- 
 tween George Dritzehen and Gutenberg, 
 for the recovery of a' certain sum of money 
 alleged, to be due by the defendant, owing 
 to his partnership with Andrew, the 
 brother of the plaintiff. Since that article 
 
406 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 was published, important results have 
 followed an independent and original 
 investigation of the typographical evi- 
 dences by Mr. J. H. Hessels ( see Typo- 
 graphy, post. It may, therefore, be de- 
 sirable td embrace this opportunity of 
 correcting, and, where necessary, ex- 
 emplifying, the statements already 
 published, which are, nevertheless, in 
 accordance with those of the best previous 
 authorities on the early history of 
 printing. 
 
 All that is known of the Lawsuit is 
 derived from six entries in different parts 
 of three several manuscript registers of 
 the city of Strassburg. 
 
 First entry : Depositions of Dritzehen’s 
 13 witnesses. 
 
 Second entry : Depositions of Guten- 
 berg’s 3 witnesses. 
 
 These were written in a volume which 
 we may call volume A. Laborde examined 
 the entries about 1840, and in the “ De- 
 buts de lTmprimerie a Strasbourg,” says 
 that the book consisted of two quires, each 
 of 42 sheets or 84 leaves, in all 168 leaves ; 
 they were covered by a sheet of parchment 
 which had become yellow and soiled. 
 The paper had turned yellow and brown 
 on the edge ; its size was 10 inches 
 (pouces) and 9 lines in height, and 9 inches 
 in breadth. Laborde gives a detailed 
 description of the watermarks, &c. 
 
 Third entry : Querimonia of L. Beil- 
 deck. 
 
 Fourth entry : List of Gutenberg’s 
 witnesses. 
 
 Fifth entry : List of Dritzehen’s wit- 
 nesses. 
 
 These were written in a volume (B) 
 bound in parchment. It consisted of 24 
 sheets, or 48 leaves of paper, sewn to- 
 gether, 43 of the leaves being written 
 upon. Everything, says Laborde, con- 
 nected with the Lawsuit is written by the 
 same scribe, who, each time that he 
 resumed his work, imparted a little more 
 firmness to his hand. “ It is certain that 
 it is the original minute of the transaction, 
 because all the erasures and the additions 
 written in the margin are in the same ink 
 and in the same hand; and could not have 
 been found in a copy.” 
 
 The two volumes were enclosed in a 
 grey pasteboard case, which had the form 
 of a box ; the back resembled that of a 
 bound book, and on a printed title, which 
 dated from the time of Schoepflin (q.v.), 
 there were the words : — ■ “ Documenta 
 typographic Argentorati inventse.” 
 
 Sixth entry : Sentence of the Council, 
 Dec. i2, 1439. 
 
 This, according to Schoepflin, was 
 written in a volume which contained 
 decisions of the Strassburg Council. La- 
 
 borde, however, omits all notice of this 
 volume, and no other author has given a 
 bibliographical description of it, as of 
 vols. A and B. In regard to the origin of 
 the manuscript, Schoepflin says that C 
 was communicated to him in 1740 by Jac. 
 Wencker, councillor and chief of the 
 public archives at Scrassburg. The 
 registers A and B, he says, were found in 
 1745 by Jo. Henr. Barth, the archivist, 
 on the clearing out of the Record Tower. 
 These latter are stated by Schaab (1830) 
 to hive been preserved in the Tower 
 Library of Strassburg till 1870, when 
 they are believed to have been destroyed 
 during the bombardment of that city by 
 the Germans. 
 
 In regard to the remaining volume C, 
 Mr. Hessels ascertained that in the 
 “ Manuel du Notariat en Alsace, ou 
 Notices sur la composition de toutes les 
 etudes' de cette ancienne Province,” by 
 J. F. Lobstein (Strassburg : 1844. 8vo.), 
 
 it is recorded that the acts of the City 
 archives which formed part of the Chan- 
 cery and of the Chamber of Contracts, 
 which were anterior to the year 1500, 
 were committed to the flames “ at the 
 celebration of the first * Fete of the 
 Supreme Being,’ the 20th Brumaire of the 
 year II. (November 20, 1793). A con- 
 siderable number of protocols, of files 
 containing documents of every kind, titles 
 of nobility, ancient vellum charters, &c., 
 all belonging to the archives of the town 
 and of the province, loaded on fifteen 
 wagons, were burned on this day, on the 
 square of the cathedral, in sight of the 
 castle ; we ourselves witnessed the event.” 
 Lobstein further records that “among the 
 protocols of the Chancery, those of the 
 year 1439, which contained among other, 
 things the sentence of the senate between 
 Gutenberg and Andre Dritzehen, have 
 unfortunately been burnt, but that of the 
 Grand Senate of the same year, containing 
 the depositions of the witnesses in this 
 celebrated lawsuit, have been preserved 
 from destruction, and deposited in the 
 Town Library.” 
 
 “ All hope, therefore,” says Mr. Hessels, 
 “ of examining the volumes containing the 
 entries of this Lawsuit have vanished for 
 ever.” 
 
 The above particulars show the cha- 
 racter of these Strassburg documents, how 
 and by whom they were discovered, and 
 their ultimate destiny. In Mr. Hessels’ 
 “ Gutenberg,” pp. 25-33, will be found 
 transcripts of the accounts given by each 
 author who professed to have actually 
 seen them. In regard to. the publication 
 of the entries, the following deserves to 
 be borne in mind. Schoepflin published 
 them in 1760 — which was fifteen years 
 
Bibliography of Pri tiling. 
 
 4°7 
 
 after thediscovery of A and B, and twenty der Linde’s “ Haarlem Legend ” (English 
 after the discovery of C. From his text translation, p. 13), 1871 ; W. Skeen’s 
 
 they were republished, first by Meerman, “ Early Typography” (p. 94), 1872, and 
 in 1765 (“ Origines Typogr.,” p. 58, &c.), De Vinne’s “ Invention of Printing,” 1877. 
 and afterwards by Wetter, in i 836(“ Krit. Mr. Hessels, in “Gutenberg,” 1882, gives 
 Geschichte der Erfind. der Buchdruk- a literal and unabridged translation, 
 kerk.,” p. 56). De Laborde republished following De Laborde’s text. (For re- 
 (“ Debuts de lTmprimerie a Strasburg”), marks on the credibility and authenticity 
 in 1840, the German text “ from the of the above several documents, see s.v. 
 original, ’’and added a French translation. Typography, post.) 
 
 English translations may be found in Van 
 
 Relation complete des fetes de Gutenberg, celebrees a Stras- 
 bourg, les 24. 25. et 26. Juin 1840. Strasbourg : 1841. 8vo. 
 With illustrations. 
 
 Straub (Leonhard). Der erste Buchdrucker der Stadt .St. Gallen. 
 Eine Festgabe zur 30ojahrigen Erinnerungsfeier an die Einfuhrung 
 der Buchdruckerkunst in St. Gallen. St. Gallen : 1878. 8vo. 
 pp. 22. 
 
 This pamphlet was published anonymously, but its author was, we believe, Herr 
 G. Binkert, overseer at Herr Zollikoffer’s printing-office at St. Gall. 
 
 Straus (Adamus). Monumenta typographica Bibliothecae Canoni- 
 corum in Rebdorf. Eichstadt : 1787. 4to. 
 
 Strawberry Hill Press. The Press at Strawberry Hill : To his 
 Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence (William IV.). Printed at 
 the Strawberry Hill Press. A quarto sheet, containing 12 lines of 
 poetry. 
 
 This broadside, Lowndes says, was printed in commemoration of the Duke of 
 Clarence “ having paid a visit to Mr. Walpole, then ill of the gout, on the 22nd 
 December, 1790, and sent to him the next day.” — Bohn’s edition of “ Lowndes.” 
 The broadside is not to be found in the British Museum. 
 
 The Printing Press at Strawberry Hill, to the Earl of Chester- 
 field. 
 
 A single leaf, with 6 lines of poetry, printed at the Strawberry Hill Press. Men- 
 tioned by Lowndes ; not in the British Museum. 
 
 The Press at Strawberry Hill, to Miss Mary and Miss Agnes 
 
 Berry, on having received a visit from them, October 11th, 1788. 
 
 A quarto sheet, containing 12 lines of poetry, printed at the Strawberry Hill Press. 
 Mentioned by Lowndes ; not in British Museum. 
 
 See Bentley (Thomas). 
 
 The “Strawberry Hill Press,” famous 
 in the days of the Bibliomania, was a 
 private press erected at the seat of Horace 
 Walpole, afterwards Lord Orford, at 
 Strawberry Hill, situated between Rich- 
 mond and Twickenham, on the banks 
 of the Thames. The noble owner 
 was an accomplished writer. He was 
 born October 5, 1717, and educated at 
 Eton and Cambridge. He afterwards 
 
 travelled abroad, and imbibed a taste, 
 which never deserted him, for literary and 
 antiquarian curiosities. He was elected 
 to a seat in Parliament during his absence, 
 and took his seat on his return,-his father, 
 Sir Robert Walpole, being at the time 
 Prime Minister. He remained a member 
 of the House of Commons till 1768, but 
 public life was not suited to his pursuits 
 and tastes. His principal amusement and 
 
408 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 occupation for many years was the building of Painting,” and a number of books not 
 and decoration of his Gothic villa at of permanent value. In 1791 he succeeded 
 Strawberry Hill. It was originally a his nephew, third Earl of Orford, in the 
 small cottage, but grew into a large title and estates of his family, but he 
 mansion. Walpole collected works of art never took his seat in the House of Lords, 
 and curiosities of every description to He died in London, 2nd March, 1797, 
 ornament the house — prints, pictures, aged 80. 
 
 books, and manuscripts. He was a A memoir of Walpole will be found in 
 virtuoso and a man of letters at the same Sir Walter Scott’s “ Lives of the Novel- 
 time, but his compositions are generally ists,” iii ., 299, and Lord Dover's, “ Life of 
 of a character which finds little favour at Horace Walpole,” prefixed to the “ Letters 
 the present day. In 1763 he wrote “ A to Sir Horace Mann.” There is a good 
 
 Catalogue of Engravers,” founded on 
 materials supplied by Vertue, the cele- 
 brated engraver. The cleverest of his 
 works, however, are his “ Letters,” ad- 
 dressed to various distinguished persons, 
 collected by himself, and published at 
 different times since his death. They are 
 full of anecdote, scandal, dons mots , and 
 gossip, the style being gay and sprightly. 
 The better to carry out his literary tastes, 
 he set up the Strawberry Hill Press in 
 1757. Here he printed his “Anecdotes 
 
 though brief sketch also in the “ Penny 
 Cyclopaedia,” xxvii., 48. 
 
 Dibdin’s “ Decameron ” contains an 
 admirable and most congenial account of 
 the Strawberry Hill Press, and his 
 “Bibliomania” also gives, as Dibdin 
 claims, “ a full, particular, and perhaps 
 not useless catalogue raisonne of the 
 more deservable works which were ex- 
 ecuted at the Press.” Lowndes’s “ Bib- 
 liographer’s Manual ” (Bohn’s edition), 
 iv., 237, contains also a list of them. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 409 
 
 Dibdin, in the “ Decameron," incidentally 
 mentions that George Baker, the founder 
 of the firm of li'erary auctioneers, Sotheby, 
 
 Wilkinson, & Hodge (q.v.), amused himself 
 in the compilation of a small 4to. tract of 
 16 pages, entitled “A Catalogue of Books, 
 
 Poems, Tracts, and small detached pieces 
 printed at the Press of Strawberry Hill,” 
 from which it appears that the sale of the 
 books belonging to Thomas Kirgate, the 
 printer at one time to Walpole, brought 
 before the public an extensive collection 
 of its productions. Dibdin says further 
 that (in 1817) the fame of Walpole was 
 already on the wane, that the Gothic 
 mansion was a complete failure, and that 
 “a more mongrel piece of architecture 
 could be rarely seen.” “ I was anxious 
 to view the spot from which had issued 
 unquestionably very many elegant and 
 interesting publications ; but what had 
 been a receptacle only for Long Primer, 
 and Short Primer, and Pica, and English, 
 
 &c., types, had been long ago converted 
 into a brewhouse, or washhouse —at this 
 moment I forget which. Such are the 
 revolutions in printing-houses as well as" 
 in empires !’’ He gives (p. 450) a copper- 
 plate view of “the outside of this said 
 office, as it existed in the time of Thomas 
 Kirgate, who chiefly worked the press, 
 from an ancient etching, with the said 
 Thomas Kirgate advancing from the 
 office, with a proof-sheet towards the 
 owner of the mansion.” “I remember 
 visiting Kirgate, who lived at the east 
 end of Pall Mall not long before his de- 
 cease. 1 was pretty earnest in my en- 
 
 Streuber (Wilhelm Theodor). Neuere Beitr'age zur Basler Buch- 
 drucker-Geschichte, in: Beitrage zur vaterlandischen Geschichte. 
 Herausgegeben von der Historischen Gesellschaft zu Basel. Bd. 3. 
 Basel : 1846. 8vo. 
 
 One of the best accounts of the origin place in the literary world, and great 
 of printing at Basle, and the works of interest attaches to its printers. The 
 the first printers there. This Swiss city devices of most of these, e.g., Oporinus, 
 has always held a very distinguished will be found in this Bibliography. 
 
 Struck (Samuel). Neuverfassetes auf der loblichen Kunst - Buch- 
 druckerey niitzlich zu gebrauchendes Format - Buch, worm nicht 
 allein alle und jede bisher iibliche Formaten, sondern auch viele 
 andere, welche etwan noch vorkommen mogten, rich tig verzeich- 
 net ; deme beygefiiget etliche Orientalische Alphabeten, Griechische 
 und Lateinische Abbreviaturen etc. Abdruck der gebrauchlich- 
 sten Schriften, nebst dem gewohnlichen Depositions-Buchlein ; mit 
 einer Vorrede vom Ursprung der Buchstaben, Sprachen, Schulen. 
 Pergament und Papier, insonderheit von Erfindung der Buch- 
 drucker- Kunst, Form-Schneiden und Kupferstechen. Liibeck und 
 Leipzig : 1715. 8vo. 
 
 Samuel Struck was a German printer, who carried on business at Lubeck, in 
 
 1715- 
 
 VOL. II. 3 G 
 
 quiries, but he was utterly destitute of 
 all typographical enthusiasm. He wore 
 a brown, curled wig, talked sparingly, but 
 bitterly, of Walpole’s unkind treatment of 
 him.” 
 
 Dibdin’s “Bibliomania” also contains 
 a view of the villa itself, which the author 
 says is “the most elegant title vignette 
 that ever issued from the ‘ Prelium Wal- 
 poliana.”’ We reproduce this woodcut 
 (see opposite page) by permission of 
 Messrs. Chatto & Windus, who published 
 a new edition of the “Bibliomania” in 
 1876. The building itself, round which 
 so many literary, artistic, and social 
 traditions cling, was purchased in 1883 
 by Baron H. de Stern, who, it is 
 stated, will appreciate these traditions 
 in a practical way; and the danger 
 greatly feared for several years, that it 
 might be turned to business purposes — a 
 somewhat ignoble declension to the history 
 of the celebrated mansion — is, for a time, 
 at least, averted. It may be added, as a 
 rather singular coincidence, that the 
 successor to the original proprietor of 
 Strawberry Hill was the Countess Wal- 
 degrave, whose scitons were frequented 
 by the leading politicians of the day. 
 This noble lady was a daughter of 
 Braham, the tenor singer, who achieved 
 his reputation principally by his wonder- 
 ful rendering of Dibdin’s patriotic sea- 
 songs. The composer was the brother 
 of the famous bibliographer, Thomas 
 Frognall Dibdin .— See Dibdin, Rev. 
 T. F. 
 
4io 
 
 Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 Strutt (Joseph). A Biographical Dictionary, containing an Historical 
 Account of all the Engravers from the earliest period of the Art of 
 Engraving to the present time ; and a short list of their most 
 esteemed works, with the cyphers, monograms, and particular 
 marks used by each master accurately copied from the originals, 
 and properly explained. To which is prefixed an essay on the 
 rise and progress of the art of engraving, with specimens of the 
 performances of the most ancient artists. London: 1785-6. 4to. 
 
 2 vols. 
 
 A standard work on the history of is the late Mr. Samuel Redgrave’s 
 engraving. It is to be regretted that it “ Dictionary.” — See Redgrave. 
 has not been republished, for it now Joseph Strutt was an engraver and 
 commands a high price at auctions and antiquary ; born in Essex, 1749 ; died, 
 elsewhere. A work of the same kind 1802. 
 
 Struve (Burcard Gotthelf). Introductio in notitiam rei litterariae et 
 usum bibliothecarum. Accessit Dissertatio de Doctis impostoribus. 
 Et huic tertise editioni accedunt Supplementa necessaria, et 
 Oratio de meritis Germanorum in Historiam. Jense : 1706. 8vo. 
 
 3 parts. Jena : 1754. 8vo. 
 
 The eleventh chapter of the 1754 edition is “ De origine Typography. Typo- 
 graphy, Bibliopolis, et Correctoribus,” and occupies pp. 513 to 576. The “ Disser- 
 tatio” and the “ Supplementa” have each a separate title-page and pagination. 
 
 and Jugler (Johann Frederick). Bibliotheca historise litte- 
 
 rarise selecta. Jenae: 1763. 8vo. 
 
 Notices of Roster, his alleged edition of the “ Speculum,” and of many of the early 
 printers of Holland and Belgium, will be found in this work. 
 
 StubriTius (M.). Ad Senatum populumque Budissinensem super 
 auspicatissima artis atque officinae typographicae restauratione. 
 Epistola gratulatoria. Budissae : 1657. 4to. 
 
 Stuckrad (George). Programm fur das Gutenbergs- Jubilaum des 
 neunzehnten Jahrhunderts . Offenbach : 1837. 8vo. pp. viii. 
 
 197 - 
 
 An account of the Offenbach cele- to Mr. Blades’s recently-issued “ Numis- 
 bration, in 1837, of the invention of mata Typographica,” in which there is a 
 printing in Germany. Reference, how- full list and valuable historical par- 
 ever, should be made, for information ticulars. 
 concerning each of these local festivities, 
 
 Stuss (Johann Heinrich). Commentatio de Natalitiisartium, speciatim 
 Artis Typographicae, Invitationi ad Panegyrin soilemnem Festo 
 hujus saeculari tertio praemissa. Gothae : [1740]. 4to. 2 parts, 
 pp. 36. 
 
 At the end are two German hymns, by J. A. Reyher, sung before and after the 
 delivery of the oration. 
 
 Stuttgart. Saecularfest, das vierte, der Erfindung der Buchdrucker- 
 kunst, begangen zu Stuttgart am 24. und 25. Juni 1840. Stuttgart : 
 1840. 4to. pp. 92. With 2 views and a facsimile print from the 
 first printed German Bible. 
 
 A description of the fourth secular anniversary of the celebration of the invention 
 of printing held at Stuttgart, with festival poetry, and a list of all the members of the 
 printing confraternity who took part in the proceedings. 
 
Bibliography of Printing. 
 
 41 r 
 
 Si'ss (Maria Vinzenz). Beitrage zur Geschichte der Typographic und 
 des Buchhandels imvormaligen Erzstifte nun Herzogthume Salz- 
 burg. Salzburg : 1845. 8vo. pp. 104. 
 
 Suessmann (J.). Proben kupferner Polytypen durch die Galvano- 
 plastik erzeugt. Berlin : 1842. 4to. 12 plates and half-sheet of 
 text. 
 
 Specimens of ornaments, &c., for the use of printers. They are produced by 
 electrotyping, stereotyping, and polytyping — the latter a species of die-sinking. . 
 
 Sulkowski (J. A. M. de). Vier-Honderdjarig Jubelfeest van de 
 Uitvinding der Boekdrukkunst door Laurens Janszoon Koster, 
 gevierd te Haarlem, den ioden en uden Julij, 1823. Amsterdam : 
 1823. - 8vo. pp. 13. 
 
 An account of the 1823 celebration of the alleged invention of printing by Laurens 
 Koster. The Dutch bibliographers have since abandoned the date, and do not 
 usually refer to the proceedings at this festival. 
 
 Sumner (Charles). The best Portraits in Engraving [Article in 
 The City , No. 1 (all published). New York: 1872. 8vo.] 
 
 with three facsimiles of old engravings by the Actinia 
 Engraving Co. 
 
 Supplica degli jstampatori e libraj d’ltalia al Papa Pio VI. per il 
 libero smercio dei loro libri. Ceillan-Catai-Tibet : 1785. Svo. 
 
 . Suppression, De la, des brevets d’imprimeurs et de libraires. 
 Reponse des imprimeurs et des libraires de Lyon et du Departe- 
 ment du Rhone. Lyon : 1869. 4to. 
 
 Sutaine (Maximilien). Un mot sur la Gravure et cet art en Cham- 
 pagne, a propos de la brochure de M. le Barcn Chaubry de 
 Troncenord, intitulee “Notices sur les artistes graveurs de la 
 Champagne.” Reims : i860. 8vo. 
 
 A useful little book The author is thoroughly well acquainted with the early 
 history of wood-engraving, and of art generally, in Champagne. 
 
 London : 1558-1565. 
 
 Sutton (Henry). 
 
 Henry Sutton was an original mem- a shop in St. Paul’s Churchyard, and 
 her of the Stationers’ Company. He had lived in Paternoster Row, at the sign of 
 
412 
 
 Bibliography of Printing, 
 
 the Black Boy, and other places. During several of his books, especially in Seneca’s 
 Queen Mary’s reign he printed, chiefly “ Hercules Furens,” translated by Jasper 
 in connexion with John Kingston, various Heywood. London : 1561. i6mo. Sut- 
 church books. No biographical details ton’s device represents two children, 
 concerning him are on record. Dibdin’s naked, sitting on the ground and playing 
 “Ames” does not contain the device of with apples, 
 this printer, but the above appears in 
 
 Sweden. Forsok till Historia om Sveriges Boktryckerier. Tiden fore 
 1700. Stockholm : 1871. 8vo. pp. 94. 
 
 A history of the Swedish printers before 1700. 
 
 Origin of Printing in . — See Alnander ; Hoffmann (Dr. 
 
 Franz Lorck) ; and Schroeder. 
 
 Szwykowski (Ignaz von). Anton van Dyck’s Bildnisse bekannter 
 Personen. Leipzig: 1859. 8vo. pp. 408. 
 
 END OF VOLUME II. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 WYMAN AND SONS, ORIENTAL AND CLASSICAL PRINTERS, 
 GREAT QUEEN STREET, W.C. 
 




 
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