ACES LIBRARY L I B RARY OF THE U N I VERSITY OF ILLINOIS NOTICE: According to Sec. 19 (a) of the University Statutes, all books and other library materials acquired in any man- ner by the University belong to the University Library. When this item is no longer needed by the department, it should be returned to the Acquisition Department, University Library. AGRICULTURE ADMIN AT OVINE MYOLOGY R. G. Kauffman, L E. St. Clair, R. J. Reber OVINE MYOLOGY AUTHORS R. G. KaufFman, Assistant Professor of Meats Technology, Department of Ani- mal Science L. E. St. Clair, Professor of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Department of Veterinary Research R. J. Reber, Research Assistant, Department of Animal Science CONTENTS Description of the Study 2-4 Definitions of Anatomical Terminology 4 Transverse Sections A Through DDD 5-44 Frontal Section of Breast and Foreshank, Section EEE 45 Muscle Attachments and Actions 46-49 Major Muscles in Wholesale and Retail Cuts of Lamb 50-51 Chemical Composition and Relative Muscle Mass 52-53 References 54 Guide to Muscles, Bones, and Miscellaneous Components. . . .inside back cover Bulletin 698 University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station December, 1 963 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY Experimentation and teaching of biological proc- esses arc increasingly necessary to develop under- standing of the nutritive, pathological, and carcass attributes associated with the production of domes- ticated animals. Efficient research and instruction in this area require fundamental information about muscles. This publication describes locations, at- tachments, and general actions of lamb muscles, and presents data on chemical composition and relative mass of individual muscles. A lateral view of the musculature of a lamb carcass is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The cutaneus trunci (muscle No. 8) and subcutaneous fat have been removed to expose the peripheral muscles. The rectus abdominis (65) is visible through the aponeu- roses of the obliques (44 and 45), and the fascia lata has been removed over the vastus lateralis (63). The drawing in Figure 3 identifies the por- tions of a lamb skeleton that are included in the transverse sections shown in the following pages. Figure 4 shows the location of each of the trans- verse sections. To provide distinct muscle identification in the sections shown on pages 5 through 45, a carcass containing large quantities of intermuscular fat was purposely selected ; this degree of fatness is not Lateral view of musculature of lamb carcass. (Fig. 1) Diagram of lateral view in Figure 1. (Fig. 2 usually found and should not be interpreted as showing excellence. The lower portions of the pel- vic and thoracic limbs were removed at the tibio- tarsal (tarsus (j) shown in Figure 3) and radio- carpal joints respectively, and the head was removed at the atlanto-occipital joint. The carcass was frozen and then separated into right and left sides. The right side was cut into cross-sections one inch in thickness to show the longitudinal progression of muscles and their relationship to the skeleton and to Lateral view of the lamb skeleton included in the transverse sections. (Fig. 3) \ K \ lllil til l r vlw I \ Jl A X 1 \CC\DD EEJ \GG) U-.k iLL' VV Location and identification of transverse sections. (Fig. 4) fat deposits. Since it was impossible to remove all cross-sections from one side, the left side was used for sections OO to ZZ, and the photographs were reversed. Section EEE was taken from another carcass. The photographs of the 56 transverse sections (A through DDD) are 72 percent of the original size of the sections, and are in relative proportion to each other. Section EEE, because of its size, is 45 percent of the original size. The diagrams that ac- company each photograph serve only to identify the items in the photographs and are not in proportion to each other. In the diagrams, individual muscles are shown in gray, bones are shown in black, and miscellaneous components are shown with diagonal lines. The white areas represent fat. Each dia- gram's position is identified anatomically by terms appearing to the right and below the diagram. A fold-out section of the back cover carries a guide to the diagrams in which each muscle, bone, and miscellaneous component appears, as well as the identifying key for each. DEFINITIONS OF ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY Abduction — movement of the part away from the midline. Adduction — movement of the part toward the midline. Aponeurosis — a heavy fascial sheet. Caudal — toward the tail. Cranial — toward the head. Deep (profundus) — away from the surface. Distal — usually applied to the limbs, toward the more movable portion. Dorsal — toward the back or top line of the body. Extension — straightening of the limbs and vertebral column. Fascia — a sheet of connective tissue. Flexion — bending of the limbs at the joints, and bending of the vertebral column. Lateral — away from the median plane. Linea alba — white line in ventral midline of the abdomen made by the coming together of the aponeuroses. Medial — toward the median plane. Plane, frontal — one which divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions perpendicular to the median and transverse planes. Plane, median — one which divides the body in the midline vertically and longitudinally. Plane, sagittal — one which is parallel to the median plane but lateral to it; the median plane has been referred to as the median sagittal plane. Plane, transverse — one which is perpendicular to the median plane, dividing the body into segments vertically. Pronation — the turning downward of the palm or sole of the forefoot. Proximal — usually applied to the limbs, toward the attached or less movable portion. Rotation — pivoting on the long axis. Superficial (superficialis) — toward the surface. Supination — the turning upward of the palm or sole of the forefoot. Ventral — away from the back or top line of the body. TRANSVERSE SECTIONS Sections A through NN are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the carcass and extend from the distal extremity of the tibia (k) to the cranial cervical region. The caudal view of each section is shown. In some sections of this group, the cutaneus trunci (8) does not ap- pear, or appears so slightly that it has not been identified on the diagram. Normally this mus- cle should have appeared in all sections from N to about II. Section A Section D Section B 24,26 P (24 and 26 in Sections B and C are barely visible in photographs.) Section C Section E Section F 54,18,17 Section G lateral Section H Section I cranial Section J A Section K W M| lateral Section L * 10 Section M 11 Section N 12 Section O 13 Section P Section Q **>* 14 Section R w Section S 4 lateral Section T 15 16 Section U Section V 17 18 Section W 19 Section X 20 Section Y 21 Section Z aitral 22 Section AA \ 51 ventral Section BB 23 lati ■ il 24 Section CC (96 is barely visible in photograph.) 25 Section DD &** 1 . lateral ventral 26 Section EE Section FF la feral 28 Section GG n 3 ventral Section HH 29 enifal 30 Section Section JJ 31 lateral 32 Section KK lateral ventral 33 Section LL ■nlral 34 Section MM ventral (34 is barely visible in photograpb.) Section NN 1 35 Sections OO to ZZ illustrate the muscles paralleling the longitudinal axis of the thoracic limb from the base of the scapular cartilage (Cs ) to the distal extremities of the radius (g) and ulna ( 1 ) . Re fore these sections were cut, the limb was removed lateral to the serratus ventralis (80), so that only the insertions of some of the muscles that run from the body to the limb arc included. The proximal view of each section is shown. The sternocephalicus (84) and sternothyrohyoideus (85) were parti- ally removed or contracted at time of slaughter and thus do not appear in some of the following sections. Section OO Section PP 96 lateral 1961 34 '38 lateral 36 Section QQ lateral caudal Section RR 37 lateral caudal 38 Section SS Section TT 39 40 Section UU lateral 41 Section WW i audal 42 Section XX Section YY Section ZZ 43 Sections AAA to DDD are transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cervical vertebrae (m). The caudal view of each section is shown. The sternocephalicus (84) and sternothyrohyoideus (85) were partially re- moved or contracted at time of slaughter and thus do not appear in some of the following sections. Section AAA Ln- Section BBB 44 Section CCC Section DDD 45 FRONTAL SECTION OF BREAST AND FORESHANK Section EEE Section EEE is a proximal view of the area where the hreast and foreshank are separated from the rack and shoulder in the fabri- cation of these wholesale cuts. The cranial portion (arm) is approximately at the level of Section UU. Literal 38 caudal . and a are n > > > idem .ill locatii 46 DESCRIPTION OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS AND ACTIONS Number and name of muscle Location and attachments Action 6 Brachiocephalicus 42 46 66 67 68 74 84 Longus colli Obliquus capitis caudalis Rectus capitis dorsalis (major et minor) Rectus capitis ventralis major Rectus capitis ventralis minor Scalenus (dorsalis ventralis) Sternocephalicus Scalenus (dorsalis, medius ventralis) 85 Sternothyrohyoideus 86 Subclavius 2 Anconeus 3 Biceps brachii 5 Brachialis 7 Coracobrachialis 9 Deltoideus 1 1 Extensor carpi obliquus 12 Extensor carpi radialis 19 Extensor digiti medialis 14 Extensor digitorum communis 16 Extensor digiti lateralis 13 Extensor carpi ulnaris 20 Flexor carpi radialis 21 Flexor carpi ulnaris 23 Flexor digitorum profundus 25 Flexor digitorum superficialis 34 Infraspinatus 56 Pronator teres 87 Subscapularis Muscles of the Neck Attaches to the arm and runs along the neck, passing in front of the shoulder to attach to the cervical transverse processes and nuchal area. Lies ventral to the vertebral column in the neck and first part of the thorax. Runs obliquely from the axis to the atlas. Lies over the atlas. Attach to the base of the skull ventrally; the major arises from the transverse processes of the first several cervical vertebrae, and the minor arises from the first cervical vertebra. Runs from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae of the last part of the neck to the lateral surface of the first few ribs. Long round muscle; arises from the cranial part of the sternum with its fellow of the other side and inserts in two parts onto the man- dible and mastoid process. Arises on the cranial portion of the sternum and runs to the larynx and hyoid bone. Small muscle attaching to the deep portion of brachiocephalicus just in front of the shoulder. Muscles of the Thoracic Limb Small muscle lying partly under the lateral head of the triceps; attaches along the distal portion of the shaft of the humerus and on- to the olecranon. Runs from the tuberosity of the scapula through the intertuberal groove of the humerus to the tuberosity of the radius. Occupies the musculospiral groove of the humerus and inserts on the cranial portion of the proximal extremity of the radius. Small muscle running from the coracoid process on the medial side of the tuberosity of the scapula to the middle third of the medial surface of the humerus. Two-headed muscle, one part arising from the acromion and the other on the surface of the infraspinatus. They insert on the deltoid tuberosity. Lies in the extensor group near the distal end of the forearm; runs from the lateral border of the radius and ulna to the medial side of the carpus and adjacent area of the metacarpus. Occupy the area cranial and lateral in the forearm. They are listed in turn from front to back; the digital extensor tendons continue down to the digits, the lateral one being for the lateral digit, the common for both digits, and the medial for the medial digit. The extensor carpi radialis inserts on the front of the proximal part of the metacarpus, the extensor carpi ulnaris on the accessory carpal bone and the adjacent part of the metacarpus. Except for the ex- tensor digiti lateralis, they arise on the humerus. Lie medial and caudal in the forearm and arise from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The digital flexors go to both digits. The flexor carpi radialis inserts on the medial part of the proximal portion of the metacarpus; the flexor carpi ulnaris inserts on the accessory carpal bone. Fills the infraspinous fossa and inserts just below the lateral tuber- osity of the humerus. Lies in front of the flexor carpi radialis, attaching to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial surface of the radius just above its middle. Lies along the medial surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa) and inserts on the medial portion of the proximal extremity of the hu- merus. Extends the shoulder and ( tends and inclines the he and neck. Flexes the neck. Rotates the atlas and ti- the head. Extends the head. Flex the head. Pulls the neck laterally. Flexes the head and neck a inclines them to one side Flexes the neck and head. Assists the brachiocephalic I Extends the elbow. Extends the shoulder a flexes the elbow. Flexes the elbow. Adducts the arm and re forces the joint. Flexes the shoulder. Extends the carpus. Action corresponds to t name except for the exten carpi ulnaris, which is flexor of the carpus. 1 digital extensors also exte the carpus; the more cran of the group rising from t humerus also flex the elbo The carpal flexors flex t carpus; the digital flexi flex the carpus and digits Holds the scapula and 1 merus together laterally. Pronates the lower porti of the limb. Holds the scapula and r merus together medially. 47 Jumber and name of muscle Location and attachments Action Muscles of the Thoracic Limb (continued) 8 Supraspinatus Fills the area of the supraspinous fossa and inserts in front of shoulder joint on the medial and lateral tuberosities of the humerus. Extends the shoulder. 9 Tensor fasciae antebrachii Lies on the caudal part of the long head of the triceps and inserts on the olecranon. Extends the elbow and flexe the shoulder. 1 Teres major Runs from the caudal border of the scapula medial to the teres minor and inserts on a small area on the medial surface of the shaft of the humerus. Flexes the shoulder. '2 Teres minor Runs from the caudal border of the scapula to an area near the del- Flexes the shoulder. )?'8, 99 Triceps brachii (caput laterale, caput longum, caput mediale) Diaphragma S5 Intercostales externi i6 Intercostales intend 59 Levatores costarum 51 Pectoralis profundus 52 Pectoralis superficialis Rectus thoracis Retractor costae Serratus ventralis (cervicis, thoracis) 95 Transversus thoracis 44 Obliquus externus abdominis 45 Obliquus internus abdominis 60 Quadratus lumborum 65 Rectus abdominis 94 Transversus abdominis toid tuberosity. Inserts by a coming together of the three heads on the olecranon of the ulna. They lie behind the humerus, the lateral head attaching to the shaft more laterally and the medial head more medially. The long head lies directly behind the shoulder joint and has an origin on the caudal border of the scapula. Muscles of the Thorax Forms a musculotendinous partition between the thoracic and ab- dominal cavities. It is convex toward the thorax and has sternal, costal, and lumbar attachments. Fill the intercostal spaces from the levatores costarum to the costa- chondral junction. The fibers travel for short distances downward and backward between adjacent ribs. Fill the entire intercostal space deep to the externi. The fibers travel for short distances downward and forward between adjacent ribs. Extends the elbow. The Ionj head also Hexes the shoulder Series of small muscles, each attaching to a transverse process of a thoracic vertebra and running downward and backward to the ad- jacent rib near its vertebral end. Lies deep to the pectoralis superficialis. It attaches to the sternum except at its cranial end and courses laterally and cranially, becom- ing narrow as it attaches to the tuberosities of the humerus. Runs from the cranial portion of the sternum to turn down on the medial surface of the elbow to attach to the humerus and adjacent fascia. Runs from the middle of first rib downward and backward across Expiration, several ribs. Lies in the angle between the vertebral column and the last rib. The two parts form a large fan attaching to the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae in the caudal portion of the neck and the sides of the ribs, in a serrated arrangement, to converge on the medial surface of the vertebral portion of the scapula. Fibers run transversely across the dorsal surface of the sternum and costal cartilages. Muscles of the Abdomen A flat muscle arising from the ribs, except the first few. The fibers run downward and backward, inserting by means of an aponeurosis onto the linea alba and pelvis. Lies deep to the externus and arises from the tuber coxae and fascia of the loin. The fibers run downward and forward to insert by means of an aponeurosis onto the costal arch and linea alba. Lies ventral to the last few ribs, the lumbar transverse processes, and the wing of the sacrum. The long flat muscles of each side lie next to each other invested in a fascial sheath. Each runs from the lateral part of the sternum and costal cartilages to insert on the pubis. There are tendinous inscrip- tions crossing the fibers. Arises from the costal arch and fascia of the loin and runs trans- versely as a deep muscle to insert by means of an aponeurosis onto the linea alba. It does not reach the pubis. Inspiration. Pull each rib forward; in- spiration. Pull each rib backward; ex piration. Working together the external and internal in tercostals are inspiratory. Advances ribs; inspiration. Adducts the limb. Adducts the limb. Retracts the last rib. Slings body between the fore limbs. Depresses the distal ends o ribs; expir.it ion. Compresses the abdomen. Compresses the abdomen, Flexes the loin and bends il to one side laterally whei acting singlj . Compresses the abdomen flexes the vertebral column Compresses the abdomen. 48 Number and name of muscle Location and attachments Action 33 Iliocostal is (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) Interspinals (not separated from group i 37 Intertransversarii 40 Longissimus (capitis, atlantis) 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) 43 \lultihdus 7(> Semispinalis capitis 82 Spinalis (cervicis, thoracis) 38 Latissimus dorsi 4 1 ' Omotransversarius 71 Rhomboideus (cervicis, thoracis) 78 Serratus dorsalis caudalis 79 Serratus dorsalis cranialis 83 Splenius 96 Trapezius (cervicis, thoracis) 1 Adductor (longus, brevis, magnus) 4 Biceps femoris 15 Extensor digiti lateralis 17 Extensor digitorum longus 18 Extensor digiti medialis 54 Peroneus tertius 93 Tibialis cranialis 22 Flexor digitorum profundus 24 Flexor digitorum superficialis Id < iastrocnemius 27 Gemelli 28 Gluteus accessorius 29 Gluteus medius 30 Gluteus profundus 31 Gracilis 32 Iliacus 57 Psoas major Muscles of the Back Lie along the dorsal and lateral portion of the vertebral column. Erect or extend the vertebi The fibers usually do not run the full length of the muscles but arise column, and insert throughout the distance. A fan-shaped muscle arising from the fascia of the back and loin to insert on the medial surface of the shaft of the humerus. A long, flat band attaching to the ventral portion of the scapular spine and the wing of the atlas. Lies deep to the trapezius with fibers arising on the dorsal midline and running downward and backward to the medial side of the scapular cartilage. Arises from the fascia of the loin. The fibers run downward and forward to attach to the last few ribs. Arises from the fascia of the back. The fibers run downward and backward to attach to the ribs medial to the scapula. Conies from the cranial edge of the fascia of the back deep to the scapula and runs forward to attach to the cervical transverse proc- esses and nuchal area. A fan-shaped muscle arising from the dorsal midline and converging on the scapular spine. Muscles of the Pelvic Limb Deep to the gracilis. It runs from the pubis and ischium to the medial part of the stifle and femur. Arises from the sacrosciatic ligament, sacrum, and tuber ischii and descends behind the hip joint to spread out lateral to the tibia and fibula to attach to the fascia in that area. Form a group on the lateral and cranial portion of the tibia and fibula. All except the extensor digiti lateralis arise from extensor fossa of the femur, the lateralis being distal to the rest of the group on the tibia. They descend in front of the hock. The extensors of the digit go on down to the digits (longus to both digits, medialis to the medial digit, and lateralis to the lateral digit). The peroneus tertius and tibialis cranialis end on the tarsus and metatarsus. Lies behind the tibia and has several parts which run behind the hock to go on down to the digits. Arises with, but deep to, the gastrocnemius. It is part of the tendo calcaneus but goes on down behind the limb to the digits. Arises by two heads from the femur caudally toward the distal ex- tremity. It inserts as a common tendon (tendo calcaneus) onto the tuber calcis of the hock. Go from the lateral border of the ischium to the trochanteric fossa. A separate deep portion of the gluteus medius. Occupies the area on the dorsal surface of the ilium; inserts onto the trochanter major of the femur. Deep to the gluteus medius from the area above the acetabulum to the trochanter major. Arises in common with its fellow of the other side from the pelvic symphysis. It inserts on the medial surface of the stifle. The psoas major occupies the area ventral to the lumbar transverse processes and quadratus lumborum separated from the bodies of the vertebrae by the psoas minor. It extends to the trochanter minor of the femur. As it passes beneath the ilium, it is joined by the iliacus forming the iliopsoas. Flexes the elbow. Pulls the neck laterally. Moves the scapula forwa and upward. Pulls ribs backward; expii tion. Pulls ribs forward; inspii tion. Extends the neck and he and inclines them to one sic Raises the scapula, advai ing and retracting it, depen ing on the location of t fibers. Adducts the limb. Extends the hip, flexes t stifle, and extends the hoc When the foot is plac firmly it extends the stir Extend the stifle and flex t, hock. The digital extensi also extend the digits. Extends the hock and fle> the digits. Flexes the stifle and dig and extends the hock. Flexes the stifle and exten the hock. Rotate the limb outward. Extends the hip. Extends the hip and abdui the limb. Extends the hip. Adducts the limb. Flex the hip and rotate t limb outward. 49 slumber and name of muscle Location and attachments Action 7 Obturatorius externus 8 Obturatorius internus Pectineus 3 Peroneus longus 5 Popliteus 8 Psoas minor 9 Quadratus femoris -64 Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus intermedi us, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis) 13 Sartorius 15 Semimembranosus n Semitendinosus M Soleus )0 Tensor fasciae latae 12 Sacrococcygei + Intertransversarii 8 Cutaneus trunci Muscles of the Pelvic Limb (continued) Lies ventral to the pelvic floor and passes laterally to insert in the trochanteric fossa of the femur. Lies on the pelvic floor and passes through the obturator foramen to insert in the trochanteric fossa of the femur. Runs from the pubis to the medial surface of the shaft of the femur. Lies in front of the extensor digiti lateralis to attach to the metatar- sus distally. Lies just proximal to the origin of the gluteus profundus; courses from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to spread out over the caudal surface of the tibia. Lies medial to the psoas major and inserts on the shaft of the ilium. Runs from the tuber ischii to the femur below the attachment of the other lateral rotators. Four-headed group lying in the cranial part of the thigh to insert on the patella and patellar ligaments. The rectus femoris arises from the ilium near the acetabulum while the other three parts arise from the femur. Incompletely divided into two parts; arises on the surface of the psoas minor and shaft of the ilium to insert on the medial surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. Courses from the tuber ischii downward and forward behind the ad- ductor to the medial epicondyle of the femur. Runs from the tuber ischii to the tibia and the fascia medial to it. It lies behind the semimembranosus. Lies in front of the lateral portion of the gastrocnemius, which it joins. Arises from the tuber coxae to insert on a broad fascia on the lateral surface of the thigh. Muscles of the Tail They are arranged about the tail as indicated by their names. In addition a group of fibers (coccygeus) arises from the area above the acetabulum and runs to the lateral portion of the first few coccygeal vertebrae. Miscellaneous Muscles Extends over the shoulder, thorax, and abdomen in the superficial fascia. The fibers are thin in the paralumbar area and partly cover the lateral part of the shoulder (called cutaneus omobrachialis). Ven- trally the fibers approach the midline near the umbilicus. Adducts the limb; rotates the limb outward. Rotates the limb outward. Adducts the limb and flexes the hip. Flexes the hock. Flexes the stifle; rotates the limb inward. Flexes the pelvis on the vertebral column. Rotates the limb outward. Extend the stifle; the rectus femoris also flexes the hip. Flexes the hip; adducts the limb. Adducts the limb; extends the hi]). Extends the hip; flexes the stifle. Assists the gastrocnemius. Flexes the hip. The actions correspond to the positions of the parts. The coccygeus depresses and turns the tail to one side and .lets as a portion of the pelvic diaphragm. Twitches the skin. 50 MAJOR MUSCLES IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CUTS OF LAMB Leg (A-Q) Loin (Q-Y) Rack (Y-GG) Leg of lamb Sirloin chops Loin chops or roast Kidney chops Rib roast or chops 61-64 Quadriceps femoris: I-M, lv 4 Biceps femoris: F-O, lv 75 Semimembranosus: G-K, lv 29 Gluteus medius: L-Q, lv 26 Gastrocnemius: B-I, lv 1 Adductor: J-K 77 Semitendinosus: E-K, lv 29 Gluteus medius: N-Q, lv 45 Obliquus internus abdominis: O-Q 90 Tensor fasciae latae: N-P, lv 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum): Q-Y, lv 57 Psoas major: Q-Y 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum): U-W, lv 57 Psoas major: U-W 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) 80 Serratus ventralis: CC-GG 82 Spinalis: BB-GG, lv 38 Latissimus dorsi: AA-GG, lv Y-GG, lv Shoulder (GG-NN and BBB;and OO-UU) Shoulder roast Blade chops Arm chops 80 Serratus ventralis: GG-MM, QQ 97-99 Triceps brachii: II-LL, RR-UU, lv 34 Infraspinatus: GG-MM, OO-SS, lv 88 Supraspinal: II-MM, OO-RR 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis): GG-KK 51 Pectoralis profundus: GG-MM, RR-UU, lv 80 Serratus ventralis: GG-II 34 Infraspinatus: GG-II, lv 41 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis): GG-II 82 Spinalis: GG— II, lv 97-99 Triceps brachii: SS-UU, lv 51 Pectoralis profundus: SS-UU, lv Neck (BBB-DDD) Neck slices 40 Longissimus (capitis, atlantis): BBB-DDU 76 Semispinalis capitis: BBB-DDD 6 Brachiocephalicus: BBB-DDD, lv 67 Rectus capitis ventralis major: BBB-DDD Shank, breast and flank (UU-ZZand everything ventral to EEE) Shank Riblets Rolled breast and flank 97-99 Triceps brachii: UU-VV, EEE, lv 12 Extensor carpi radialis: YV-ZZ, lv 23 Flexor digitorum profundus: WYY-ZZ 35-36 Intercostals: Y-II, EEE 44 Obliquus externus abdominis: X-EE, EEE, lv 65 Rectus abdominis: N-EE 44 Obliquus externus abdominis: T-EE, EEE, lv 94 Transversus abdominis: T-CC 51 Pectoralis profundus: AA-KK, EEE, lv 80 Serratus ventralis: CC-JJ, EEE * Muscles listed in order of relative size according to portion of muscle represented in each retail cut. lv = lateral view (page 2) 51 WHOLESALE LAMB CUTS AND THE RETAIL CUTS MADE FROM EACH Blade Chop Arm Chop Neck (bone in) Boneless Triangle Triangle ^^ Slew (bone in) Courtesy National Livestock and Meat Board, Chica 52 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND RELATIVE MUSCLE MASS OF THREE EWE LAMBS Three purebred 1 [ampshire ewe lambs sired by the same ram and subjected to similar environmental conditions were slaugh- tered at intervals corresponding to three different live weights (32.7, 42.7, and 51.3 kg.). During the slaughtering process, special precautions were taken to keep intact all carcass fat and muscles. Each carcass was chilled to an internal temperature of 3° C. and then separated into right and left sides. The muscles from the right side were dissected according to pro- cedure^ described, by Fourie (1962). Each muscle was freed of all visible external fat (intermuscular fat) and tendons and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Weights were also recorded for subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, internal cavity fat, bones, and other miscellaneous components. An arbitrary designation was established to separate subcutaneous from intermuscular fat ; it was assumed that fat on the outer side of the surface muscles (except the cutaneus trunci (8)) was subcutaneous, and fat lying between and below the level of the surface mus- cles was intermuscular. Large and small muscles were analyzed according to the following procedures: 1 ) Each muscle weighing more than 25 g. was homogenized in a Waring blendor and transferred to an aluminum drying pan. Each sample was placed in a 55° C. drying cabinet for 48 hours to partially remove the moisture. Four additional hours in a 95° C. oven were required to remove any additional moisture. The dried sample was weighed to the nearest 0.1 g., ground in a mortar, transfered to a plastic bottle, and stored at — 20° C. Percent total lipid, protein by Kjeldahl analysis, and wet ash were determined in duplicate samples as described by the A.O.A.C. (1960). 2) Muscles weighing less than 25 g. were diced and dried for 48 hours in a 70° C. vacuum oven. Each sample was subsequently weighed and the lipid was extracted. After redrying, each sample was subjected to a wet ash analysis as described by the A.O.A.C. (1960). Protein w. determined by subtracting the sum of the lipid and ash fro the total weight of the dried sample. Proximate analyses fj all muscles were expressed on a dried weight basis, and do n necessarily total 100. Due to sampling and to the minuteness some muscles, an absolute limit of ± 5% was established as reasonable range of error for the sum of the components, maximum relative error of 7.5% was considered appropria for duplicate analyses. Relative muscle mass was defined on two bases: 1) t weight of the freshly dissected and defatted muscle was e pressed as a percent of total carcass muscle; 2) total proti for each dried muscle was expressed as percent protein co tributed by each muscle to total carcass protein. The muscles within three groups [intercostales externi a- intercostales interni (35 and 36), intertransversarii and mul] fidtis ( ?)7 and 43 ) , and the obturatorius externus and obtur torius interims (47 and 48)] were not separated from ea other. The proximate analysis data are therefore reported the same for the individual muscles of each pair. The relati mass was arbitrarily divided equally between each of the inti costal muscles and each of the obturator muscles; howev< because of the large difference in size between the intertrai versarii and the multifidus, no attempt was made to ascertii their separate contributions to muscle mass and, their combin. relative mass appears only with the multifidus data. The extensor carpi obliquus (11), pronator teres (56), a! rectus thoracis (69) were missing from one or more of carcasses. This was attributed to the difficulty in detecting th^ during dissection and to the possibility that they may not ex.c in some individuals. LAMB I LAMB II LAMB III Age at slaughter, days Live sheared and shrunk weight, kg. Chilled carcass weight, kg Muscle (lipid-free basis), percent . . Protein, percent Fat (extractable lipids), percent Subcutaneous Intermuscular Intramuscular Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic Bone, percent Miscellaneous (organs, tendons, etc.), percent Total carcass composition 8.14 13.32 8.00 3.13 3.36 55.12 27.81 13.68 3.39 47.90 46.40 8.39 37.14 8.55 38.65 15.70 16.23 13.95 13 84 2.76 3.1" 4.73 10.66 4 30 5.29 10.42 4.53 Proximate an Individual muscle ilysis Relative mass romposition and relative Proximate analysis mass Relative mass Proximate analysis Lipid, Protein, Ash, pet. pet. pet. Relative mas,, No. and name of muscle Lipid, pet. Protein pet. Ash, pet. Fresh wt. basis, pet. Protein basis. pet. Lipid, Protein, Ash, pet. pet. pet. Fresh wt. basis, pet. Protein basis, pet. Fresh wt. basis, pet. Prot. basi pet 1 Adductor 2 Anconeus 3 Biceps brachii 4 Biceps femoris 14.4 19.6 15 4 19.9 19.3 32.9 15.2 30.4 25.4 . 32.2 81 .4 70 . 5 75.1 76.2 70.0 60.6 74.9 65.5 64.6 58.9 7.5 6.9 6 6 6.5 7.7 7.6 7.3 5.1 7.0 4.7 - missing 8.2 6.4 9.2 7.2 7.1 1.71 .17 .52 5.53 .41 1.08 .14 2.77 .44 1.67 1 . 95 15 .57 6.32 .40 1.11 14 3.37 .41 1 43 8.7 81.8 7.4 7.7 80 . 1 9.2 14.6 78 6.3 19.3 71.3 6.7 13.8 75.8 7,4 17,1 73 . 6 5.9 11.7 77.2 8.1 18.1 71.5 4.8 12 9 74,7 7.6 40 55,4 4.2 26.5 64,8 5,7 10.1 86.1 7.9 5.3 83 6 8.0 4.1 83.2 9.7 9.8 79.2 8.1 11.2 78.1 7.7 1.71 .06 .47 5.80 .42 111 .15 2.65 .45 1.53 .02 .79 .37 .11 .12 .12 1.94 .07 .47 5.76 .42 1 . 15 .17 2.56 .40 1.37 .03 .83 .37 .12 . 13 .14 5.3 18.5 119 23.0 13.8 32,5 18.3 30.7 23.5 34 4 24 9 8 9 9.8 7.9 8,8 7.2 82.2 71.7 78.0 67.4 75.0 59.6 71.6 64.5 66.2 57.6 66.6 83.7 82.1 80.4 80.4 81.9 8.3 6 8 7.4 7.1 8.3 6.5 7.1 5 4 7.2 5.3 5 6 7.9 9.7 8 6 7.9 8.0 2.08 . 14 .47 5.42 .32 1,07 .16 1.85 .37 1.76 .01 .60 .33 .11 .11 .14 -'! ,4 5 -' 1 (. (i .6 3 1 2 1 6 Brachiocephalicus 7 Coracobrachial) s 9 Deltoideus 11 Extensor carpi obliquus l 2 Extensor carpi radialis 9.2 12.5 . 5.6 8.3 . 11.1 79.6 78.1 82.2 81.5 78.6 .64 .45 .11 .25 .17 .67 .49 . 12 .29 .17 1 1 Extensor digitorum com lis 15 Extensor digiti lateralis 16 Extensor digiti lateralis (thoracic limb) (Table co ncluded on next page) 53 Individual muscle composition and relative mass (concluded) LAMB I LAMB II LAMB 111 K and name of musi le Proximate analysis Lipid, Protein, Ash, pet. pet. pet. Relative mass Extensor digitorum longus 13.9 Extensor digiti medialis (pelvic limb) 7.8 Extensor digiti medialis (thoracic limb) 10. 7 Flexor carpi radialis 6.1 Flexor carpi ulnaris 8.2 Flexor digitorum profundus (pelvic limb) 19.6 Flexor digitorum profundus (thoracic limb) 13.6 Flexor digitorum superficialis (pelvic limb) 7.1 Flexor digitorum superficialis (thoracic limb) 12.6 Gastrocnemius 6.0 Gemelli 17.2 Gluteus accessorius 20.4 Gluteus medius 10.6 Gluteus profundus 19.7 Gracilis 19.8 Iliacus 26. 1 lliocostalis 39.0 Infraspinatus 15.2 Intercostales externi 51.9 Intercostales interni 51.9 Intertransversarii 52 .5 Latissimus dorsi 16.9 Levatores costarum 42.9 Longissimus (capitis, atlantis) . . 43.0 Longissimus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) 23.9 Longus colli 19.9 Multifidus 52.5 Obliquus externus abdominis. . . 32.8 Obliquus internus abdominis. . . 15.4 Obliquus capitis caudalis 21.9 Obturatorius externus 19.7 Obturatorius internus 19.7 Omotransversarius 28.3 Pectineus 10.9 Pectoralis profundus 17.6 Pectoralis superficialis 37.4 Peroneus longus 12.9 Peroneus tertius 14.6 Popliteus 22.2 Pronator teres 32.7 Psoas major 13.8 Psoas minor 25.7 Bnadratus femoris 22.8 fiuadratus lumborum 31.3 Quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris 12.7 Quadriceps femoris, vastus intermedius 43. 1 Quadriceps femoris, vastus lateralis 15.3 Quadriceps femoris, vastus medialis 9.8 Rectus abdominis 41.9 Rectus capitis dorsalis 31.9 Rectus capitis ventralis major . . 15.0 Rectus capitis ventralis minor. . 24.5 Rectus thoracis Retractor costae 50 Rhomboideus 31.1 Sacrococcygei + Inter- transversarii 36.4 Sartorius 19.5 Scalenus 39.6 Semimembranosus 12.') Semispinalis capitis 44 , 7 Semitendinosus 20. 2 Serratus dorsalis caudalis 33. 1 Serratus dorsalis cranialis 39. 7 Serratus ventralis 40 6 Soleus 47.4 Spinalis 49. S Splenitis 23.9 Sternocephalicus 19 .4 Bternothyrohyoideus 32.4 Subclavius 42.3 Subscapularis 22.0 Bupraspinatus Ill Tensor fasciae antebrachii 12.0 Tensor fasciae latae 36.9 Teres major 18 7 Teres minor 16.5 Tibialis cranialis 21.5 Transversus abdominis 38.4 Transverius thoracis 42.5 Trapezius 18 7 Triceps brachii, caput laterale. . 13.7 Triceps brachii, caput Iongum. . 9.2 Triceps brachii, caput mediale 18 1 77.0 9.3 81.8 9 1 81.4 7.5 70.5 6.9 76.1 7.3 84. 1 7.7 77.4 7.0 81.4 7.6 68.9 10.9 70.3 6.3 74.8 7.2 70.8 6 5 69.0 8.6 64 3 6 6 54.2 5.6 76.6 7.1 42.4 2.8 42.4 2.8 40.6 3.9 72.4 6.6 49 8 4.3 46.4 5.2 68.4 8.3 72.0 6.7 40.6 3.9 61 .9 5.9 74.5 7.2 68.7 6 5 68.0 7.0 68 7.0 65 6 6.7 81.9 8 5 71.2 5.9 56.5 4 8 75.9 8.2 74.9 7.5 67.9 6.9 56 9 7.4 72.8 8.5 63.7 5.9 66 3 7.9 60.6 5.2 75.0 8.0 50 . 4 6 72.6 7.3 75.3 10.7 52.1 4.4 58.5 6.6 73.8 8.2 64.4 8.1 59.7 7.2 60.9 5.7 53 . 9 6.7 70.8 6.7 52.3 5.1 79.4 8.6 46.3 5.1 70. 1 6.7 58.4 5 6 48.1 9. 1 51.0 5.0 37.5 12.1 45.7 4.0 66.2 6.9 70.3 7.3 56.6 7» 41 S 10.2 71.1 7.5 66. 1 6.8 76 5 8.5 58.2 5.6 71.2 7.1 71 6 5 67.6 8.0 53.4 4.9 50 . 3 4.2 74.4 7.1 75.1 8.1 78.6 7.9 71 6 7.4 F'resli wt. basis, pet. .15 .14 .14 .26 .83 .62 .35 1.97 .03 .47 3.96 .35 1.01 .56 .43 1.91 1.30 1.30 1.54 .16 .03 9.38 141 1 . 95 1 . 95 1.72 .41 .28 .28 .47 .63 2.85 1.15 .17 .38 .29 .01 1.65 .63 .05 .35 2.26 1 05 2.63 .89 2.55 .22 .19 .04 .08 .73 .22 .22 .44 5 50 117 1 69 .16 .02 4.60 .01 1 . 64 . 11 .38 ,06 02 1 03 1.77 .24 1 . 12 .55 .17 .15 2.09 .11 .78 .89 2.57 .25 Protein basis, pet. 13 . 14 .28 63 .37 2.23 .03 .50 4.32 .37 .76 .52 .37 1.84 1.17 1.16 1.56 9.98 1.42 1 69 1 91 1.86 .41 .30 .30 .43 Proximate analysis .68 2.89 1.10 .18 .45 .31 .02 1.42 .53 .05 .36 2.10 .87 2.40 .8') 2.33 .22 .19 .04 .08 .69 .22 .21 .41 6.23 .87 1 56 15 .02 3.90 .01 1 46 . 12 .38 .06 .02 ,95 1.92 .11 .97 .53 .17 .15 1 ,73 .21 .87 .88 2.63 .24 Lipid. pet. Protein, pet. Ash. pet. Relative mass Fresh wt. Protein basis, basis, pet. pet. 9.9 0.5 117 5.5 8.6 12 5 7.9 12.0 11.0 24.1 22.4 10.0 16.1 13.') 26.3 40.2 13.6 58.3 58.3 48.8 21 .8 57.3 51.1 20.9 15.9 48.8 15.6 18.6 15.0 17.9 17.') 25.1 12.5 16.2 29.1 11.3 9.4 15.1 9.1 41 .5 27.7 36.8 8.4 34.3 14.0 16.8 34.6 26.4 16.6 14.6 47. 1 27.2 33.4 48 5 12 6 30 2 11 5 3 7 '> 15 7 37.8 37.5 30 . 8 35 K 44.5 27.6 18 9 12 3 31.4 13 l 20.2 13 1 U I) 17 1 1 ') ') 6 25 I 17 ') 15.5 13 10 6 21 7 78 4 78.1 83.4 81.0 78 81.4 78.3 82.4 82.2 65.2 72.1 83 75.0 79.4 64.7 51.4 80.2 36.8 36.8 46.1 69.9 36.5 46 1 73.8 75.8 46 1 77.9 72.8 74.3 72.7 72.7 65.7 78.6 73.4 64.8 77.6 80.7 73.9 79.1 4'). 7 62.2 55.2 80.5 76.0 58.7 64.0 73.9 75.3 46.0 62.6 58.8 44.8 7 7 6 61.2 81.3 59.1 76 ') 54 3 52 8 60 1 52.0 47. 1 62 . 9 71.7 76.8 5') . 5 77.0 712 7 6 8 (>(> 1 72 6 7 7.6 7'), 2 64 o 43 2 73 5 7') 6 S! , 6X 3 9.3 8.6 7.2 8.1 7.5 6.8 8.2 6.7 6.9 8.2 7.7 8.0 7.6 5.9 7.5 6.1 4.5 6.8 3.0 3.0 3.9 6.8 3.3 5.5 7.1 6 3.9 6.3 6.6 7.6 6.4 6.4 6.2 5.9 6.5 5.5 8 1 6.9 7.9 missing 7.3 5.9 7.2 5 . 8.0 5,5 3.7 6.8 5.5 7 6 4.5 7.2 4 9 6, 7 5.9 ') 2 3.7 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.7 8 3 7,2 6.5 7.5 i I 8.3 5.6 5 ') 7 1 7 ') 7 1 7 o .12 .09 .17 .82 .55 .27 1 86 .03 .42 3 37 .31 .99 .52 .41 2.07 1.36 1 35 1.65 .16 1 24 9.85 112 1.94 2.52 1.73 .39 .22 .21 .43 .59 2.95 1 1') .16 .38 .27 .28 .19 .13 .11 .22 .87 .60 .66 .31 2.16 .03 .41 3.84 .33 1.07 .51 .38 2. 14 1.03 1.02 1.50 .13 1.03 10.92 1 .10 1 .85 2.71 1.61 .36 .24 .23 .43 .66 2.88 1.06 .17 .45 .28 Proximate analysis Lipid, Protein, Ash, pet. pet. pet. Relati\<- \vt Protein basis, pet. pit. 1.72 .52 .07 .46 2 18 .97 .92 2.85 .20 .26 11 01 .07 .57 .24 .25 47 4.80 ')3 1 04 I 1 .02 4 50 .02 1.83 . 13 .46 lo (13 I HI 2.17 25 IIS 15 17 IS 1 .<, .31 .78 .87 2.31 .28 1 .68 .40 .07 .38 2 20 2.51 .89 2.30 .20 .28 . 12 .01 .07 .44 16 .26 16 5.69 .83 1 .92 .13 .02 I M .02 1.58 . 12 .47 11 .02 1 02 1 OS .26 1 05 .44 18 r> 2.23 19 .74 .70 ' 1 ' .21 12.3 13.4 4.2 5.9 12.1 9.1 12 1 110 13.0 16.4 18.4 21.8 8.9 25.7 42 . 3 21.0 53.1 53.1 56.9 18.6 43.4 40.3 22.0 14.7 56 9 20.8 16.8 20.0 14.5 14.5 29.7 9.8 20.2 28.3 13.5 16.9 23.1 21.4 26.6 23.9 38.1 12.0 40.8 13.7 14. 37 32. 10 24. 54. 11 o 36 6 51 3 23. 29. 12. 36. 17 49. 54. 45.1 38.8 47.1 38 8 17.7 35 7 51 1 I') II >3 9 II 6 ii 6 |o I I l 5 'i 21 52 l .2 .7 ■ii ., 75.3 75.1 84.0 82 8 78.1 78.4 82.6 83.9 77.3 75.7 75.1 78.2 74.4 68.8 79.0 65.7 51.4 68.1 38.2 38.2 34.6 70.2 48.5 50.1 72.2 72.7 34.6 70.2 71.3 70.0 74.8 74.8 61.1 83.3 68 8 61.0 75.1 73.7 67 6 73.0 64.2 65.5 52.8 78.4 74.9 76 5 54.2 59.0 60 66.2 36.5 17 3 55.4 11 6 66 6 61 2 7 1) 3 56 . 2 70 ! 12 I 33 6 i^ 8 44 2 13 3 510 71 54. 1 39 5 ,i. 'i (.•I • 'i 8 71.2 , i 'i 7 1 6 68 8 (,') ^ 40.6 68 l 78 1 .•> 1 ... I 4 8.6 8.3 6.7 7.4 8.9 7.2 8.4 6.4 10.6 8.8 5.0 6.6 3.5 3.5 4.2 7.2 5.1 4.9 7.3 10.1 4.2 6.4 6.9 7.0 7.7 7 . 7 7.0 o 2 7.8 6.5 8.4 6 4 6.2 missing 7.5 6.2 7.5 5.1 10.5 5.3 8.2 4.5 5.0 7.6 6 I 6.3 4.9 5.8 4. 1 7.7 6.1 7 6 I o 8.3 5.0 8.5 l - 13.9 I l 6 t 7 I 7.2 (, I 6 i 7 3 s .< 7 1 . 1 1 .11 .18 .01 .27 1.85 .03 .42 3.78 311 1 01 .11 .36 2 07 1 . 24 1.24 1 .79 19 117 10.30 .91 1.67 1 99 1.73 41 .29 .29 .35 .75 3 17 114 .17 .41 ,26 8 i, a 1 64 .70 117 .33 2.26 .90 2 . 65 .01 2 66 .21 .35 .31 ill .07 .57 .'ii . 16 .57 - . I I 11 1 66 17 02 5 ii. ,01 1 .77 .17 39 .05 03 1 us 1 99 ,25 l l l lo i 16 I SO ' 1 ' I .15 .13 .13 . 12 .22 .0 1 .28 1.80 03 .41 3.87 .25 .94 .36 .31 1 .92 1.06 1 06 1.66 .18 1.03 14 74 .89 1.40 2.01 1.67 .39 .29 .29 .28 .58 2.96 1.03 .17 .47 .27 1 61 .65 116 2 7 2 16 2.65 2 16 .20 .34 3d .01 IK, .40 .18 15 .58 5 sc, 1 no l 53 i l m ; 98 in l in . 15 II 05 03 1 1 1 1 91 •(, l 10 1 1 15 1 v I ,,■> .79 'i 54 REFERENCES 1. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D. C. Official Methods of Analysis, 9th ed. 1960. 2. Briskey, E. J., Kowalczyk, T., Blackmon, W. E., Breidenstein, B. B., Bray, R. W., and Grummer, R. H. Porcine Musculature-Topog- raphy. Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 206. 1958. 3. Fourie, P. D. Growth and Development of Sheep, a Carcass Dissec- tion Technique. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, S. 1 and 2. 1962. 4. International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. Nomina Ana- tomica. Second Edition. Excerpta Medica Foundation, New York. 1961. 5. May, N. D. S. The Anatomy of the Sheep. The University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, Queensland. 1955. 6. Sisson, S., and Grossman, J. D. The Anatomy of the Domestic Ani- mal, 4th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, 1953. 7. Tucker, H. Q., Voegeli, M. M., and Wellington, G. H. A Cross- Sectional Muscle Nomenclature of the Beef Carcass. Michigan State College Press. 1952. 8. Weniger, Joachim-Hans, Steinhauf, Diether, Pahl, Gerda H. M. Muscular Topography of Carcasses. Bayerischer Landwirt- schaftsverlag, Munich. 1963. 3M— 12-63— 81634 GUIDE TO MUSCLES, BONES, AND MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS ON REVERSE SIDE NOMENCLATURE GUIDE* MUSCLES: Id. No., Name, and Section Location . Adductor (longus, brevis, magnus): J-K . Anconeus: UU-VV, EEE . Biceps brochii: ll-MM, SS-VV, EEE . Biceps femoris: F-O, Iv ;. Brachial-*: LI, TT-VV, EEE ,. Brachiocephalics: LL-NN. QQ-VV, AAA-DDD, EEE, Iv ' Coracobrachial!*: II, SS-UU I. Culaneus trunci: M-AA, FF— II, PP-UU, EEE I. Deltoideui: JJ-MM, RR-TT, Iv ). Diophragma: W-DD, EEE I. Extensor carpi obliquus (obduclor digit! primi longus): XX-ZZ ? Extensor corpi radiolis: VV-ZZ, Iv 3 Extensor carpi ulnar is (ulnoris lateralis): WW-ZZ, tv 4 Extensor digitorum communis: WW-ZZ, Iv 5. Extensor digit! lateralis (pelvic limb): A-F, Iv 6. Extensor digiti lateralis (Ihorocic limb): WW-ZZ, Iv 7. Extensor digitorum longus: A-G 8 Extensor digiti mediolis (pelvic limb): A-G 9. Extensor digit! mediolis (thorocic limb): WW-ZZ, Iv 0. Flexor corpi radiolis: WW-ZZ 1. Flexor carpi ulnaris: WW-ZZ 2 Flexor digitorum profundus (pelvic limb): A-F, Iv 3. Flexor digitorum profundus [thoracic limb): WW-ZZ 4. Flexor digitorum superficiolis (pelvic limb); B-l 5. Flexor digitorum superficiolis [thorocic limb): XX-ZZ 6. Gastrocnemius-. B-l, Iv !7, Gemelli: nol shown (see page 48) !8. Gluteus accessorius: l-P !9. Gluteus medius: L-Q, Iv 10. Gluteus profundus: L-0 11. Gracilis: G-K 12. iliacus: l-P 13. Iliocostalis (cervieis, thoracis, lumborum): X-JJ 34 Infraspinatus: FF-MM, OO-SS, Iv 35. Intercosloles extern!: Y-JJ. EEE 36. Intercosloles interni: Y-JJ, EEE 37. Intertransversorii: Q-DD, AAA-CCC 38. Latissimus dorsi: AA-KK, OO-SS, EEE, Iv 39 Levalores coslorum; FF-HH 40. Longissimus (capitis, allontis): AAA-DDD 41. Longissimus [cervieis, thoracis, lumborum]: O-KK, Iv 42. Longus colli: FF-MM, AAA-DDD 43. Multifidus: O-ll, AAA-CCC 44 Obliquus externus abdominis: Q-EE, EEE, Iv 45. Obliquus in.ernus abdominis: O-W 46. Obliquus capitis caudalis: DDD 47. Obturalorius exlernui: K-L 48. Obturalorius internus- K-L 49. Omo.ransversorius: LL, QQ-SS, AAA-DDD, Iv 50. Peetineus: J-M 51 Pectorolis profundus: AA-MM, RR-UU, EEE, Iv 52. Pectorolis superficiolis: GG-MM, UU-VV, EEE, Iv 53. Peroneus (fibulafis) longus: A-H, Iv 54. Peroneus (fibuloris) lerlius: A-G, Iv 55. Popliteus: E-G 56. Pronator teres: WW-XX 57. Psoas major: L-Y 58. Psoas minor: O-W 59. Quodrotus lemoris: not shown (see page 48) 60. Quodrotus lumborum: P-BB 61. Quadriceps temoris, rectus femoris J-M 62. Quodriceps femoris, vastus intermed.us: l-l us lateralis: l-M, Iv mod.ol. I-L . Quadriceps femoris, vastus . Quodriceps femoris, vastus i. Rectus abdominis: N-EE , Rectus capitis dorsalis (major e. minor): CCC-D0D '. Reclus capitis ventrolls mojor (longus cop.t.s). AAA-DDD I. Rectus capitis ventrolis minor (Rectus coplt.s venlralis): DDD 3) Rectus thoracis (obliquus thoracis): JJ-KK Retractor costae: X Rhomboideus (cervieis, thoracis): FF-KK, AAA-BBB , Sacrococcygei + Inlertraniversoril: K-N . Sartorius: l-L 74. Scalenus (dorsolis medius, venlralis) KK-MM, AAA Semimembranosus: G-K, Iv Semispinals capilis: HH-LL, AAA-DDD Semitendinous: E-K, Iv Serratus dorsolis caudalis: Y— AA Serrolus dorsolis croniolis: GG-HH Serratus venlralis [cervieis, thoracis): CC-MM, QQ, AAA-BBB, EEE , Soleus: F-H . Spinalis (cervieis, thoracis): BB-KK, AAA, Iv . Splenius: LL, AAA-DDD . Sternocephalieus: LL-NN, AAA-BBB, EEE . Slernothyrohyoideus: MM-NN, EEE . Tensor fan SS ris: FF-LL, OO-SS luti ll-MM, OO-RR ioe antebrochii: HH-II, OQ-VV, EEE, ioe lotae: K-P, Iv r: GG-KK, QQ-TT n JJ-IL, RR-SS abdoi 96. Trapezius (c< Ay, R-CC : DD-JJ Ihoracis): CC-KK, OO-QQ, Triceps brochii, caput laterole: JJ-LL. TT-VV, EEE, Iv Triceps brochii, caput longum: ll-KK, RR-VV, EEE, Iv Triceps brochii, coput mediole: TT-VV, EEE BONES: tdent.. Name, and Section location Costae (1-13): X-KK, EEE, Iv Femur: H-M, Iv Fibula: G Humerus: KK-MM, SS-VV, EEE, Iv Os coxae: K-P, Iv ilium: N-P, Iv ischium: K-L, Iv pubis: L acetabulum Patella: 1, Iv M ii GG-ll, OO-RR, Iv n EE-KK, Iv Iv k Tibio: A-G, Iv | Ulna WW-ZZ, Iv 11 olecranon: WW, Iv m Vertebrae, cervical (1-7): KK-MM, AAA-DDD, Iv „ Vertebrae, Ihorocic (8-20): X-JJ, Iv Vertebrae, lumbor (21-26): Q-X, Iv p Vertebrae, sacral (sacrum) (27-30): N-P, I* q Vertebroto, coccygeal (31 — ): K-M, Iv r Tuber coleis: A, Iv MISC. COMPONENTS: Ident., Nam., and Sections Cr Cnrtilaoe. eoslal: X— KK '; s;.: «.p»'». »-"• ""-"■ °°-° o C« Corliloge, xiphoid 00 Kd Kidney |«en)i U-* 1° lio,omenrum noehoe. tt-KK. ***-000 INo lymph "ode, deep inguinol ' INb lymph "Ode. lumbor: U. Y-Z INc lymph node. popMeol. ' LNd lymph node. p-.l.»or.l, N lN , lymph node. p,e.topolor ; MM. »*A To I.ndo col.oneu. (Achilli.li i-°