STATE OF ILLINOIS William G. Stratton, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Vera M, Binks, Director __ PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS of the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont Quadrangles Harold R. Wanless REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS 205 ILLINOIS STATE ONCOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN C. FRVE, CUff URBANA, ILLINOIS PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS of the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont Quadrangles Harold R. Wanless Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 205 Urbana, Illinois 1958 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. VERA M. BINKS, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION Hon. Vera M. Binks, Chairman W. H. Newhouse, Ph.D., Geology Roger Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, Ll.D., Chemistry R. H. Anderson, B.S., Engineering A. E. Emerson, Ph.D., Biology Lewis H. Tiffany, Ph.D., Pd.D., Forestry Dean W. L. Everitt, E.E., Ph.D., University of Illinois President Delyte W. Morris, Ph.D., Southern Illinois University GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION JOHN C. FRYE, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chief (61357—2500—7-57) STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION — Urbana, Illinois. FULL TIME STAFF M. Enid Townley, M.S., Geologist and Assistant to the Chief JOHN C. FRYE, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chief M. Leighton, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chief Emeritus Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief GEOLOGICAL GROUP Velda a. Millard, Junior Assistant to the Chief M. L. Thompson, Ph.D., Principal Geologist Arthur Bevan, Ph.D., D.Sc, Principal Geologist, Emeritus Frances H. Alsterlund, A.B., Research Assistant COAL Jack A. Simon, M.S., Geologist and Head G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head, Emeritus Robert M. Kosanke, Ph.D., Geologist John A. Harrison, M.S., Associate Geologist Paul Edwin Potter, Ph.D., Associate Geologist (on leave) William H. Smith, M.S., Associate Geologist Kenneth E. Clegg, M.S., Assistant Geologist Margaret A. Parker, M.S., Assistant Geologist David L. Reinertsen, A.M., Assistant Geologist Marcia R. Winslow, M.Sc, Assistant Geologist OIL AND GAS A. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Associate Geologist Lester L. Whiting, B.A., Associate Geologist Wayne F. Meents, Associate Geological Engineer Margaret O, Oros, B.A,, Assistant Geologist Thomas W. Smoot, M.S., Assistant Geologist Jacob Van Den Berg, M.S., Assistant Geologist James H. Garrett, B.S., Research Assistant JuTTA L Anderson, Technical Assistant PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Carl W. Sherman, M.S., Petroleum Engineer and Head INDUSTRIAL MINERALS J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and Head Donald L. Graf, Ph.D., Geologist James C. Bradbury, A.M., Associate Geologist James W. Baxter, M.S., Assistant Geologist Meredith E. Ostrom, M.S., Assistant Geologist PHYSICS R. J. Piersol, Ph.D. Physicist, Emeritus CLAY RESOURCES AND CLAY MINERAL TECHNOLOGY Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Consulting Clay Mineralogist W. Arthur White, Ph.D., Geologist Herbert D. Glass, Ph.D., Associate Geologist GROUNDWATER GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSI- CAL EXPLORATION George B. Maxey, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Geologist Robert E, Bergstrom, Ph.D., Associate Geologist James E. Hackett, M.S., Associate Geologist John P. Kempton, M.A., Assistant Geologist Wayne h. Pryor, M.S., Assistant Geologist LiDiA Selkregg, D.Nat.Sci., Assistant Geologist Grover H. Emrich, M.S., Research Assistant Lowell A. Reed, B.S., Research Assistant Margaret J. Castle, Assistant Geologic Draftsman (on leave) ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head William C. Smith, M.A., Assistant Geologist STRATIGRAPHY AND AREAL GEOLOGY H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Elwood Atherton, Ph.D., Geologist David H. Swann, Ph.D., Geologist Charles W. Collinson, Ph.D., Associate Geologist John A. Brophy, M.S., Assistant Geologist T. C. BuscHBACH, M.S., Assistant Geologist F. L. Doyle, M.S., Assistant Geologist Robert W. Frame, Supervisory Technical Assistant RoMAYNE S. ZiROLi, Technical Assistant Joseph F. Howard, Assistant COAL CHEMISTRY G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Thomas P. Maker, B.S., Special Associate Chemist Joseph M. Harris, B.A., Research Assistant PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Jose M. Serratosa, Dr.Sc, Special Associate Chemist Neil F. Shimp, Ph.D., Associate Chemist Daniel L. Deadmore, M.S., Assistant Chemist Juanita Witters, M.S., Assistant Physicist CHEMICAL GROUP Grace C. Finger, B.S., Research Assistant CHEMICAL ENGINEERING H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and Head R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mechanical and Adminis- trative Engineer B. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mechanical Engineer Robert L. Eissler, M.S., Assistant Chemical Engineer James C. McCullough, Research Associate (on leave) Walter E. Cooper, Technical Assistant Cornel Marta, Technical Assistant Edward A. Schaede, Technical Assistant FLUORINE CHEMISTRY G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Laurence D. Starr, Ph.D., Associate Chemist Donald R. Dickerson, B.S., Special Assistant Chemist Richard H. Shiley, B.S., Special Research Assistant Raymond H. White, B.S., Special Research Assistant X-RAY W. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head L. D. McViCKER, B.S., Chemist Emile D. Pierron, M.S., Associate Chemist William J. Armon, M.S., Assistant Chemist Francis A. Coolican, B.S., Assistant Chemist Mary Ann Miller, B.S., Research Assistant Louise J. Porter, A.B., Research Assistant IsTVAN PuszTASZERi, Rescarch Assistant JoAnne K. Wilken, B.A., Research Assistant George R. James, Technical Assistant Benjamin F. Manley, Technical Assistant MINERAL ECONOMICS GROUP W. H. VosKuiL, Ph.D., Principal Mineral Economist Hubert E. Risser, Ph.D., Mineral Economist W. L. BuscH, A.B., Associate Mineral Economist ADMINISTRATIVE GROUP EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION George M. Wilson, M.S., Geologist and Head Ira E. Odom, B.A., Research Assistant Shirley Trueblood, B.S., Research Assistant GENERAL SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION Arlene Green, Technical Assistant Del Marie Rogers, B.A., Technical Assistant Genevieve Van Heyningen, Technical Assistant PUBLICATIONS Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor Meredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman Betty M. Lynch, B.Ed., Assistant Technical Editor Donna R. Wilson, Assistant Geologic Draftsman MINERAL RESOURCE RECORDS Vivian Gordon, Head Betty J. Hanagan, M.S., Technical Assistant Hannah Fisher, Technical Assistant Rosalie Pritchard, Technical Assistant Helen Ross, B.A., Technical Assistant Yvonne M. Sather, Technical Assistant Barbara L. Scott, B.A., Technical Assistant Elizabeth Speer, Technical Assistant TECHNICAL RECORDS Berenice Reed, Supervisory Technical Assistant Judith Flach, Technical Assistant Miriam Hatch, Technical Assistant LIBRARY Olive B. Ruehe, B.S., Geological Librarian Beverly Ann Ohren, B.S., Technical Assistant FINANCIAL RECORDS Velda a. Millard, In Charge Eleanor A. Drabik, B.A., Clerk IV Virginia C. Sanderson, B.S., Clerk-Typist III Carolyn S. Toppe, Clerk-Typist II Patricia A. Northrup, Clerk-Typist I * Divided time Topographic mapping in cooperation United States Geological Survey October 22, 1957 SPECIAL TECHNICAL SERVICES William Dale Farris, Research Associate Beulah M. Unfer, Technical Assistant A. W. Gotstein, Research Associate Glenn G. Poor, Research Associate* Gilbert L. Tinberg, Technical Assistant Wayne W. Nofftz, Supervisory Technical Assistant Donovon M. Watkins, Technical Assistant Mary Cecil, Supervisory Technical Assistant Ruby D. Prison, Technical Assistant CLERICAL SERVICES Mary M. Sullivan, Clerk- Stenographer III . Rita J. Nortrup, Clerk- Stenographer II Lillian W. Powers, Clerk-Stenographer II Marilyn Bevill, Clerk- Stenographer I Barbara A. Carling, Clerk-Stenographer I Marilyn Scott, Clerk- Stenographer I Edna M. Yeargin, Clerk- Stenographer I Laurel F. Griffin, Clerk-Typist I Jean M. Ward, Clerk-Typist I William L. Mathis, Messenger-Clerk II Lorene G. Wilson, Messenger-Clerk I AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE Glenn G. Poor, In Charge* Robert O. Ellis, Automotive Shop Foreman David B. Cooley, Automotive Mechanic EvERETTE Edwards, Automotive Mechanic with the RESEARCH AFFILIATES J Harlen Bretz, Ph.D., University of Chicago Stanley E. Harris, Jr., Ph.D., Southern Illinois University M. M. Leighton, Ph.D., D.Sc, Research Pro- fessional Scientist^ State Geological Survey A. Byron Leonard, Ph.D., University of Kansas Carl B. Rexroad, Ph.D., Texas Technological College Walter D. Rose, Ph.D., University of Illinois Paul R. Shaffer, Ph.D., University of Illinois Harold R. Wanless, Ph.D., University of Illinois Paul A. Witherspoon, Ph.D., University of Cali- fornia CONSULTANTS George W. White, Ph.D., University of Illinois Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., University of Illinois CONTENTS Page Introduction 7 Stratigraphic relations of faunas 8 Environmental interpretation of marine faunas 14 Fossils as stratigraphic indices 15 Composition of the fauna 16 Faunal characteristics of members 23 References 59 FIGURES 1. — Location of the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quadrangles ... 8 2. — Columnar section of Pennsylvanian strata in the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quadrangles 10 TABLES 1. — Regional correlations 9 2. — Distribution of fossils by units, members, and cyclothems 9 3. — Pennsylvanian fossils in the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quad- rangles 34 4. — Collecting localities 52 [5] Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/pennsylvanianfau205wanl PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS OF THE BEARDSTOWN, GLASFORD, HAVANA, AND VERMONT QUADRANGLES, ILLINOIS HAROLD R. WANLESS ABSTRACT This report lists more than 500 species of invertebrate fossils collected from the Pennsylvanian rocks of western Illinois. The study is based on 399 collec- tions from 49 fossiliferous beds. The faunas are dominantly marine, although a few beds contain fresh-water or brackish-water fossils. The report interprets the environmental relations of the faunas, relating them to probable depths of water, which are believed to express many eustatic changes in sea level. The value of the faunas as stratigraphic markers is discussed and the use- fulness of some forms as index fossils is indicated. INTRODUCTION Pennsylvanian rocks exposed in Ful- ton County, Illinois, were selected by Worthen (1870) as the type for coals numbered 1 through 7 in the lower and middle Pennsylvanian. In the geologic mapping of the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quadrangles (Wanless, 1957), which include most of Fulton County, the column of out- cropping Pennsylvanian rocks is classi- fied into 154 numbered members. These in turn are grouped into 21 cyclothems, most of which contain some beds de- posited when the area was submerged beneath marine waters and others de- posited in fresh or brackish waters. Marine fossils are found in 12 of the cyclothems, and the others may con- tain nonfossiliferous marine beds. Of the 154 numbered members, 49 contain marine fossils. The faunas are exceedingly diverse. More than 500 species or varieties have been identified, so that this is probably the richest fauna thus far recorded from Pennsylvanian rocks. The fauna of some beds, as well as the total fauna, would be enlarged by further collect- [ ing. In particular the Francis Creek shale (member 64), Hanover limestone (member 92), and the Exline limestone (member 142) are not adequately rep- resented in the collections. The faunas are found in shales and limestones of several types. Most of the fossil-bearing beds are from a few inches to three feet thick, and where two fossiliferous beds of different lith- ology are adjacent, it is not uncommon to find their faunas strikingly differ- ent. The slight thickness of most fos- siliferous beds indicates relatively fre- quent changes in sedimentation condi- tions and in environments. In all, 399 collections, which proba- bly contain more than 100,000 speci- mens of macrofossils, have been made from these beds by J. M. Weller, H. R. Wanless, C. L. Cooper, W. V. Searight, A. C. Bevan, L. J. Henbest, T. E. Sav- age, E. C. Dapples, H. B. Willman, and H. L. Geis. The larger fossils were identified by H. R. Wanless in 1944 and were checked by J. M. Weller in the same year. The microfossils also were identified by C. L. Cooper in 1944. The fossil names were checked and a few 7] 8 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY changes made by C. W. Collinson in 1956. The Hsts of fossils in individual col- lections are too lengthy to publish in this report, but they may be consulted at the State Geological Survey in Ur- bana. The composite fauna of each member (table 3) and the list of col- lecting localities (table 4) follow the text. Appreciation is expressed to J. M. Weller for help in identification of the fossils, for the use of his excellent paleontological library, and for care- ful checking of all fossil identifications except microf ossils ; to C. L. Cooper for QUADRANGLES I. Beardstown 2. Vermont 3. Havana 4. Glasford Fig. 1. — Location of the Beardstown, Glas- ford, Havana, and Vermont quad- rangles. identifying the foraminifera, cono- donts, and ostracodes, and to C. W. Col- linson and Alan Scott for modernizing the nomenclature to reflect changes made between 1944 and 1956 and for checking identifications of additional collections made during 1956. STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF FAUNAS The sequence of cyclothems and members in the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quadrangles is shown in figure 2, which is summarized from the detailed descriptions in Illi- nois Geological Survey Bulletin 82 (Wanless, 1957). The regional corre- lations of the cyclothems are shown in table 1. Correlations of the members with other named units in Illinois and throughout the Eastern Interior coal basin are discussed in Bulletin 82 and Circular 217 (Wanless, 1956). The typical western Illinois cyclo- them contains ten lithologic units named in descending order as follows : 10. Gray shale, locally with iron- stone nodules or beds 9. Limestone and calcareous shale 8. Black sheety shale 7. Limestone (local) 6. Gray shale (local) 5. Coal 4. Underclay 3. Underclay limestone 2. Sandy shale 1. Sandstone with unconformity at base Each unit of the typical cyclothem may be a member, such as most of the coals, underclays, and sandstones, but some units consist of several members, such as the distinctive limestone and shale members that comprise unit 9 in the Liverpool cyclothem. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS Table 1. — Regional Correlations This Area* Appalachian Region Northern Midcontinent Region McLeansboro Group Trivoli Exline Gimlet Sparland Conemaugh Group Brush Creek? Missouri Group Hertha? Des Moines Group Exline Cooper Creek Worland Carbondale Group Pokeberry Brereton St. David Summum Liverpool Allegheny Group Washingtonville Hamden Below Coal Creek Myrick Station Houx Blackjack Creek, Lower Fort Scott, Oswego Ardmore, Verdigris Tradewater Group Greenbush Seaborne Seville Vanport? Pottsville Group Lower Mercer Roof of Fleming coal? Pink limestone, Tiawah Seville *Units named shales. first column are cyclothems. Units named In second and third columns are fossiliferous limestones and Units 1 to 6 are believed to be non- marine, although 6 is marine in places. Units 7 to 10 are marine. In this area nearly all the fossils are found in units 6 to 10. However, unit 3, the under- clay limestone, contains freshwater fossils in the Greenbush cyclothem and marine fossils in the Brereton cyclo- them. Distribution by cyclothems of fossiliferous units, number of fossilif- erous members, and total species or va- rieties are shown in table 2. Because each of the several marine inundations of western Illinois during Pennsylvanian time had unique out- lines, depths, durations, and climates, the marine strata of the cyclothems differ in lithology, fauna, thickness, and sequence. Thus the St. David lime- stone thins and disappears north of this area, but the Seville limestone is thicker and purer to the north. The Hanover limestone thickens south- westward and is very widespread in Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma but wedges out in the Havana quadrangle. The Lonsdale limestone has nearly op- timum development in the Glasford quadrangle. The major marine lime- stone of the Sparland cyclothem, the Piasa or Cutler, is widespread to the south but wedges out before reaching this area, so that the black sheety shale Table 2. — Distribution of Fossils by Units, Members and Cyclothems Units that Number of Species or Cyclothem are fossilif- fossilif- varieties erous erous members Trivoli 7,8,9 5 108 Exline 9, 10? 2 51 Gimlet 7,8,9 4 223 Sparland 7,8 2 82 Pokeberry 9 1 36 Brereton 3,8,9 4 98 St. David 5,8,9, 10 7 223 Summum 8,9 4 21 Liverpool 6, 7?, 8, 9,10 15 198 Abingdon Greenbush 3,9 2 8 Wiley Seaborne 9 1 112 Upper DeLong Middle DeLong Lower DeLong Seville 8,9 2 97 Pope Creek Tarter Babylon Pre-Babylon 10 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CYCL UJ MBR. 154 153 L I T H OLOG Y ~J. 144 143 142 141 F=fossiliferous Shale, gray, 6'6" Shale, calcoreous,gray, 4'6" 9 F Trivoii limeslone, l' F Shale, calcareous, 8" Shale, black, sheety, I'Z" Limestone, shaly, local, 1*6' Trivoii (No. 8) coal, \'7" Underclay 3' Limestone, concretionary, l' Trivoii sandstone, 15 =:e Shale, partly calcareous, 25' F Shale, calcareous, 15' gF Exiine limestone, I 6 Shale, olive gray, 2' CYCL. MBR. 140 r~n 138 136/ 135 L I THOLOGY I I I rrri F -fossil if erous F Lonsdale limestone nodular, 6' Shale, gray, l' Shale, block, soft, in places hard, sheety, local, 5' Shale, colcoreous, 6" " Limestone, brownish gray, local, 6" Shale, gray, local, 5' Gimlet cool, local, 3" Shale, block, coaly, 7" 130 129 128 127 126^ Underclay, 3' Gimlet sondstone, 20 Farmington shale, 30' ^^ Shale, red, 4' I Shale, block, sheety, 10" ' ~~^ Shale, dork gray, 2' r-"M^ I -) F Li imestoneond shale, 5" Fig. 2. — Columnar section of Pennsylvanian strata in the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont quadrangles. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 11 CYCL MBR L 1 TH OLOGY | JO c o w Q < -I < Q. 125 ^^^1 F = fossillferous 124 X X X z' XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX V V y Underclay, 8' 123 1 1 T) Limestone, concretionary, i' 122 r Stiale, red, mottled gray, 12' \ Copperas Creek sandstone, I2' 121 '.' 7".' .~.:;. McLEANSBORO GROUP >• q: cr LiJ QQ lij be: o Q. 120 1 1, L CARBONDALE GROUP 1 1 I F Pokeberry limestone 2' 119 il F Shale or clay, calcareous, 3' \ Sandstone, calcareous, local, 6' 118 .'.' .~r.'. z o UJ q: UJ cr m 117 Ill 1 , ' II 1 1 Sheffield shale, 8' F Shale, calcareous, I'S" 116 5^^ 115 111^ 1 1 1 1 )F Rrerfltnn limeRtnnA p'P," Mil • 114 — ( c Shale, dark gray to black, ) ^ \nrn\\\i '-.hpptw ?' 113 j Clay, sandy, white top .local, 1 112 ^^M Herrin{No.6)coal, 4'6" III X X X / XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX X X X V Underclay, 5' 110 1 \) Limestone, concretionary. 1' | 109 z Big Creek shale, 7' CYCL. MBR 108 107 106 105 L ITHOLOGY J — ^—) F = fossiliferous ' Limestone, very local, 6" Cuba sandstone, 40' Shale, sandy, 5' ■31.7 Canton shale, 30' (upper part) Fig. 2. — continued. 12 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CYCLMBR. L IT HOLOGY ^^ 104. 103 ~— r?F ■- 102 ^F - 100 98 97 96 X X X X X X X XI X X X X 95 94 F = fossiliferous Limestone, argillaceous, 6" Canton shale, 7' ( lower port) Shale, calcareous, 8" St. David limestone, \'6" Shale, dork, calcareous, I' Coal, very local, 5' Shale, black, sheety, I'lO" Springfield (No. 5) coal, 5' Underclay, 2' Limestone, argillaceous, 2' Clay, calcareous, 2' nr 91 87 Covel conglomerate, local, 6 Hanover limestone, 2' Shale, gray, 2' Shale, gray to black, large concretions, 3' Summum (No.4) coal, 2' Sandstone, local. 6" Underclay, 5' 86 TTTTl I I I I Limestone, concretionary, 3 in 85 84 Shale, sandy, gray, 5' Kerton Creek coal, local, 2' 83 Pleasantview sandstone, 40' CYCL. MBR 83 82 LITHOLOGY F=fossiliferous 3F Purington shale, 50 Ironstone, calcareous, 4" (Top of Oak Grove beds) Shale, dark gray, 2'7" Limestone, dark bluish gray, 4" Shale, black, soft, l'4" Limestone, blk, concretions, 3" Shale, calcareous, I" Shale, dk gray to black, \'3" Limestone, argillaceous, 4" Cone-in-cone, 4" Limestone, septarian, l' Shale, gray, 5" Conglomerate, local, 2" Shale, gray, I '6" Limestone, siliceous, 2' (Base of Oak Grove beds) F Shale, black, sheety F Limestone, block, 8" Jake Creek sandstone, local, 3' Fig. 2. — continued. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 13 CYCL. MBR LITHOLOGY JO c o o -1 o o Q. oc UJ > -J 64 —'^ F F F=fossiliferous Francis Creek shale, 30' Colchester (No.2) coal, 2'6" Underclay, 2'6" Limestone, nodular, l' Browning sandstone, 3' locally 80' "M \ 62 X XX X X X X xi 61 1 1 1 60 •-•—■• ._ . ... o Q CD Z CD < 59 58^ —— 1 Shale, sandy, 7' Shale, dork gray to block, 6" Abingdon cool, 4" Underclay, \'6" Limestone, nodular, 6" Shale, sandy, I'e" Isabel sandstone, 4' CARBONDALE GROUP X X ^ 57. ■~=i 53 •/r: •_".'• X CO =) m z u UJ QC CD 52 5I\ , TRADEWATER GROUP Shale, silty, 5' Limestone, purplish gray, 5" r Greenbush coal, 1/2 P Underclay, 6" ^ Limestone, nodular, 5' Underclay, 5' Tx^r 1 1 1 Ni 48/ 47 XXX X X XXX X X XXX X X XXX >- UJ -1 44 -42- X X XXX Shale, gray to black, 3" Wiley coal, 10 Underclay, 2' Clay, black,coaly, local, 1/2" Underclay, 6" UJ z a: o X < UJ CO 41 40"^ 1 1 1 -F Seaborne limestone, 4' -' Upper Seaborne coal, 1/2" Shale, pale greenish gray, 1 Lower Seaborne coal, 2" Underclay, 2' Limestone, septarion, l' Seaborne sandstone, 3' 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X X x/ X X xl 39 38. 37 36 1 1 n 35 ::'.■.•':'.'} ■■■■:y\ CYCL. MBR. LITHOLOGY | CD Z o _J Q 3 34 33\ F=fossiliferous Shale, gray, 3' ., Shale, black, 4" Upper DeLong coal.l Underclay, r „ Clay, coaly, 1 Underclay, 2' X X X x^ X X X x/ xWl 1 26 -V Shale, gray, 4" Middle DeLong coal, 2 Underclay, 3' Sandstone, local, 2' XXX ' XXX XXX XXX 25 J J 24 — — r Shale, gray, 2' iq^H^ Lower DeLong cool. 4" 22 X)^^^ Underclay, 1 2 1 -..•..■.•.•.) banastone, local, b j UJ -I -J > UJ (O 20 Shale, gray, 6' 19 1 1 1 1 1 18 -"^^^^l' ^ Shale, black, local,!' 17 ri Rock Island (No.l)coal, 2' 16^ 15 Bernodotte sandstone, 6' UJ UJ a: UJ Q- 2 14 Shale, gray, 6' 13 ^^1 Pope Creek cool, l'6" 12 X X x^ X X XXX Underclay, 2' 1 1 •.■.■.•.".■.•.] Pope Creek sandstone, I'G" | Ul 1- cn < 10 N Shale, gray, 3' 9 ^^1 1 Tarter coal, 1*6" 8 X X X X XXX X X X X XXX Underclay, 3' 7 •■.•.•.•.•.•.•) Tarter sandstone, 1 I z o -I > CD < OQ 6 5^ 4 Shale, gray, 6' Shale, black, 5"^ Babylon cool, r6" 3 XXX XXX XXX XXX Underclay, 4' Babylon sandstone, 10' 2 \ Ul ^ < z z 1 —f Clay or shale, 3' Mississippian limestone 1 Fig. 2. — concluded. 14 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY and a thin local marine limestone be- neath it record only the marginal de- posits of the Sparland inundation. Marine fossils were found locally in the top of the Springfield (No. 5) coal, in the gray shale (unit 6) in one cyclo- them, in limestone (unit 7) below the black shale in three or four cyclothems, in the black sheety shale (unit 8) and enclosed concretions in 8 cyclothems, in the principal marine limestone and associated calcareous shales (unit 9) in 11 cyclothems, and in the upper gray shales (unit 10) and their iron- stone or limestone concretions in two or three cyclothems. The black sheety shale (unit 8) quite commonly has a characteristic fauna and, in addition, contains large black calcareous or pyritic concretions with a distinctive fauna strikingly different from that of the enclosing black shale. The principal marine limestone of the cy cloth em (unit 9) is generally over- lain by a few inches to two feet of very calcareous shale with embedded fossils which become concentrated on the sur- face as the shale weathers. Locally a similar shale occurs below the lime- stone and grades down into the black sheety shale. In the Liverpool cyclo- them the limestone unit, called the Oak Grove beds, consists of generally less than 10 feet of interbedded fossilifer- ous shales and limestones. It is divided into 14 members, ten of which have very distinctive faunas. ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETA- TION OF MARINE FAUNAS Elias (1937) compared the present f aunal zones of a shallow sea to faunal and lithologic zones which mark pro- gressive and regressive stages of ma- rine invasions in the Lower Permian Big Blue series in Kansas. Although none of the Permian marine forms sur- vive today, Elias attempted to match them with what appear to be compara- ble faunal associations of modern seas, and established a series of lithologic and faunal types into which marine Big Blue strata may be divided, as follows : (1) red shale, no fauna (2) green shale . . . (3) Lingula facies . . (4) molluscan facies . (5) mixed facies ^ . . (6) brachiopod facies . (7) fusulinid facies Depth . Emergent 0-30 feet 30-60 feet 60-90 feet 90-110 feet 110-160 feet 160-180 feet In some places he found lithologies and faunas in this order (1-7) from the base upward to a fusulinid zone, and in reverse order (7-1) farther upward to the junction with overlying non- marine strata. In other places a mol- luscan fauna would mark the climax of the inundation, and Elias concluded that at the particular locality the sea reached a maximum depth of 60 to 90 feet. These faunal variations may also be interpreted as resulting from pro- gressively increasing distances from shore with a diminishing amount of clastic terrigenous sediment and that maximum depths were much smaller than suggested by Elias. Study of the stratigraphic relations of faunas in the Beardstown-Glasford-Havana- Vermont area indicates that most of the litho- logic and faunal zones of Elias are rec- ognizable, but that they probably show depth fluctuations of smaller magni- tude. The Seville, Seaborne, Liverpool, Summum, St. David, Brereton, Poke- berry, and Gimlet cyclothems reach the fusulinid facies — at least, they have yielded fusulinids. In the Seaborne, Liverpool, Summum, St. David, and Pokeberry cyclothems this facies is recognized only in the Beardstown quadrangle within the four-quadrangle PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 15 area. Only the Seville, Brereton, and Gimlet cyclothems contain the fusu- linid facies throughout the area. As fusulinids are common in the Seville and Brereton cyclothems within a foot above the coals of these cyclothems, it is very doubtful that the sea attained a depth of 160 to 180 feet while only a foot of sediment accumulated after the drowning of a coal swamp. Maxima of inundations would be the brachiopod facies in the Trivoli, Liverpool, and St. David cyclothems (except in the Beardstown quadrangle), mixed facies in the Greenbush and Sparland cyclo- thems, molluscan facies in the Exline cyclothem, Lingula facies in the Sum- mum cyclothem (except in the Beards- town quadrangle). No marine record of the Pokeberry cyclothem is known in this area outside the Beardstown quadrangle, and the Seahorne has a dis- tinctive lithology, which has been called algal, and a fauna mostly of mi- nute gastropods that is unlike any other fauna in the area, except locally that of the Lonsdale limestone above its fusulinid zone. Classification as mixed facies would probably describe it best. Rich (1951) has proposed classifica- tion of subaqueous environments ac- cording to their position 1) on rela- tively flat surfaces above wave base (undaform) or below wave base (fon- doform), and 2) on more steeply slop- ing surfaces (cHnoform). In undaform areas with water bottoms above wave base, sedimentary particles, both or- ganic and inorganic, are shifted about, abraded, and sorted before final deposi- tion. In the clinoform environment there may be sufficient slope to permit the creep, flow, or sliding of newly de- posited particles, in places distorting the sedimentary structures. In fondo- form areas organic or inorganic par- ticles settle to the bottom, remain es- sentially where they fall, and lack the wear and sorting characteristic of the undaform sediments. Broken, abraded, and sorted shelly matter is thus a clue to deposition in shallow bottoms above wave base. Most limestones and shales in the area include much fragmental shelly material, so they may be properly called clastic limestones. Exceptions are some of the black concretions in black sheety shales, such as those in the Liverpool, Summum, and St. David cyclothems. Also, in some calcareous shales little abrasion is evident, and some produc- tid shells show attached spines. The original slope of depositional surfaces must have been very low, for most of the marine shales and limestones are widespread sheet deposits that show no evidences of post-depositional slumping or other distortion. The un- daform of Rich is therefore the prin- cipal marine environment. It has been proposed (Wanless and Merrill, 1951) that the widespread dis- tribution of numerous thin records of brief marine inundations resulted from eustatic rise and fall of sea level and that the marine layers are of virtually similar age through large areas. FOSSILS AS STRATIGRAPHIC INDICES Faunal variations from member to member and cyclothem to cyclothem in the Beardstown-Glasford-Havana- Vermont area may be related to two causes: 1) changes in environment and attendant changes in faunal associa- tion ; and 2) the substitution of newly evolved species for older ones in simi- lar environmental situations. The first cause would explain varia- tions between faunas in successive laminae of the same cyclothem, and 16 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY the second would explain faunal dif- ferences in some lithologically similar beds in different cyclothems. Varia- tion in the fauna of a particular bed from place to place in the area is a re- sult of a contemporaneous pattern of environment distribution and may serve to point toward a shore in one direction and deeper water in another. COMPOSITION OF THE FAUNA The faunal associations of 50 mem- bers in 12 cyclothems include repre- sentatives of most of the prominent phyla and orders of later Paleozoic time. Each biological group is briefly discussed. Protozoa Foraminifera are common in the faunas, and 33 species and varieties are listed. Illinois fusulinids have been studied by Dunbar and Henbest (1942) . The varieties listed from the Seville, Seaborne, Liverpool, Summum, St. David, Brereton, and Gimlet marine zones aid in correlation with equiva- lents in other parts of the country. Generally a particular species of fusu- linid does not survive more than two, or at the most three, cycles, and some varieties seem restricted to a single cyclothem. They are most abundant in the Brereton and Lonsdale limestones. At localities 149 (table 4) in the Glas- ford quadrangle and 148 in the Peoria quadrangle lenticular masses of a ce- mented coquina of fusulinids occur in calcareous shale at the base of the Lonsdale limestone. Smaller foraminifera are repre- sented by 17 genera, none of which are identified specifically. They are most abundant in the Gimlet and Brereton cyclothems. The encrusting genus Apterrinella is found commonly in limestone in which sedimentation was slow, so that shells on the sea bottom could be bored into and encrusted be- fore burial by sediment. Apterrinella is associated with sponge borings, the bryozoan Fistulipora carl^onaria Ul- rich, and questionable worm borings. Sponges Sponges are known from siliceous spicules, which are common only in in- soluble residues from the Seville lime- stone, and the questionable sponge bor- ings referred to above. Corals Horn corals are widespread and com- mon, ranging from the Seville to the Trivoli cyclothem. In older literature they have mostly been referred to as Lophophyllidium profundum (Milne- Edwards and Haime) and L. prolife- rum (McChesney). Five of the six listed genera of corals are found in the Lonsdale limestone. Chaetetes mille- poraceus Milne-Edwards and Haime, a widely distributed colonial coral that formed biostromes in the Mid-conti- nent and Southwest, was found only in the Pokeberry limestone of the Beards- town quadrangle. The seas here prob- ably received too much influx of mud for Chaetetes, which is generally found in relatively pure limestones. Crinoids Crinoid stems and plates have been Hsted from 30 of the 48 members that yield marine faunas. In many mem- bers they are abundant and varied in size and structure. Plates of Ethelo- crinus tuberculatiLs (Meek and Wor- then) are abundant in the St. David calcareous shale (member 102) and are at least locally good index fossils for that bed. Entire crinoid calyces are very uncommon ; less than half a dozen have been discovered in all the collec- tions. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 17 Ophiuroids Ophiuroid plates and ossicles are common in calcareous shales of the Sparland cyclothem and are present but uncommon in calcareous shales of the Brereton cyclothem. They are of microscopic size and may have escaped detection in limestones or in other shales. ECHINOIDS Echinoid spines and plates, quite common in a few collections from the Lonsdale limestone and a few other members, have been referred tenta- tively to five species, four of which oc- cur in the Gimlet cyclothem. HOLOTHUROIDEA Holothurian plates and spicules are quite abundant in the Liverpool cy- clothem at the base of the Purington shale (member 82) and in the underly- ing ironstone bed (member 81). They are of microscopic size and may occur in some other shales which were not carefully searched. They are associ- ated with a molluscan fauna and the brachiopod Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard) . Annelids Spirorbis anthracosia Whitfield, a marine or brackish-water worm, is found in several members, both in asso- ciation with marine faunas and with supposed freshwater or brackish- water forms, especially in the underclay lime- stone in the Greenbush cyclothem. Worm tubes or castings (Serpulopsis insital White) on brachiopod or mol- luscan shells are apparently common in several beds, although difficult to distinguish from the foraminifer Ap- terrinella. Bryozoa Bryozoa are very common in the Se- ville limestone where 22 of the 34 listed varieties are found. Ulrich (1890) de- scribed several species of fenestellids from the Seville limestone at its type locality. Fenestellids are uncommon in most of the other marine zones. The branching bryozoan referred to Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek is common and is listed from 21 mem- bers. Prismopora is represented by P. sereata (Meek) in the Seville and Sea- borne limestones and by P. triangu- lata (White) in the St. David and Brereton limestones. This appears to be an evolutionary development. Most strata younger than the Seville yield bryozoa too few or too poorly pre- served to be of much use in correlation. Encrusting bryozoa (Fistulipora car- bonaria Ulrich) are common in the St. David, Brereton, Gimlet, and Trivoli calcareous shales. Brachiopods Brachiopods are abundant in most members and 54 species or varieties were identified. Several species are so common and restricted in stratigraphic distribution that they are excellent guide fossils. Among the chonetids the genus Mesolobus has a sequence of four forms with limited range (Weller and McGehee, 1933). These include Mesolobus striatus Weller and Mc- Gehee in the Seville, M. mesolobus s.s. (Norwood and Pratten) in the Sea- borne and Liverpool cyclothems, espe- cially in member 66, M. mesolobus var. decipiens (Girty) and M. mesolobus var. euampygus (Girty) in the St. Da- vid, Brereton, and Sparland cyclo- thems, both being especially common in the calcareous shale (member 102) of the St. David cyclothem, and Mesolobus n. sp. in the Lonsdale limestone. Me- 18 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY solobus is absent from the Trivoli cy- clothem and is considered to die out at the end of Des Moines time in the Mid- continent region and Allegheny time in the Appalachian basin. Chonetes granulifer Owen, Chone- tina, and Lissochonetes are also com- mon, but do not appear to be as useful index fossils as Mesolobus. Chonetes granulifer Owen is the most common fossil in the calcareous shale (member 153) in the Trivoli cyclothem. Muscle scar attachments on the inside of the brachial valve of the chonetids seem to form patterns which may be unique for each cyclothem. Shells with detached brachial valves are not common, so the extent of pattern variation in a partic- ular cyclothem is not well known. The genus Marginifera is likewise abundant and includes forms that have restricted stratigraphic range. Mar- ginifera haydenensis Girty and M. nana (Meek and Worthen) are re- stricted to the Seville limestone and comparable beds in the Appalachian, Mid-continent, and Rocky Mountain re- gions. Marginifera muricatina Dun- bar and Condra occurs in the Seaborne, Liverpool, Summum, St. David, and Brereton cyclothems, with a maximum development in the gray septarian limestone (member 72) of the Liver- pool cyclothem, where it is the most common fossil. M. splendens (Nor- wood and Pratten) occurs in the Sum- mum and higher beds to the top of the column. It is most abundant in the St. David limestone and calcareous shale (members 101 and 102) where it is the most common fossil and greatly ex- ceeds M. muricatina in abundance. Marginifera (?) lasallensis (Wor- then) is restricted to the Lonsdale limestone in this area. Muscle scar pat- terns in the genus Marginifera may also be significant for closer strati- graphic zonation. Other productids are common in cer- tain beds. A variety of Linoproductus "cora" (d'Orbigny), which is common in the Seville limestone, is character- ized by much finer radial striae than the Linoproductus which is the most conspicuous fossil in the brown Lino- productus limestone (member 79) in the Oak Grove beds. Other variations may be characteristic of higher zones. Dictyoclostus n. sp. aff. americanus Dunbar and Condra is common in the St. David limestone, whereas D. port- lockianus (Norwood and Pratten) is the most abundant species in the Poke- berry limestone. Juresania nebrascen- sis (Owen) is widespread but is most common in large concretions in the black sheety shale (member 98) of the St. David cyclothem. Linoproductus and Juresania seem more common in argillaceous or ferruginous limestones associated with dominantly molluscan faunas, whereas Dictyoclostus is more common in purer limestones in associ- ation with more typical brachiopod facies. Cancrinella boonensis (Swal- low) and Teguliferina armata (Girty) appear in the Lonsdale limestone and are probably diagnostic middle or later Pennsylvanian species. Composita, perhaps as common as any brachiopod, seems divisible into two species, C. argentea (Shepard) and C. subtilita (Hall), neither of which seems to be stratigraphically re- stricted. Although generally typical of brachiopod facies, well preserved uncrushed shells of C. argentea (Shep- ard) are abundant in some large con- cretions in the black sheety shale of the St. David cyclothem, but wholly absent in others, which have only mol- luscan faunas. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 19 In numbers, Neospirifer cameratus (Morton) of the lower Pennsylvanian is gradually replaced upward by N. triplicatus (Hall). Spirifer occiden- talis Girty is common in the Seville cy- clothem and extends up to the Liver- pool, with a questionable identification in the St. David. Neospirifer, Spirifer, and Puncto spirifer are all characteris- tic of the brachiopod facies in lighter colored limestones and calcareous shales. Derby a crassa (Meek and Hay- den), Hustedia mormoni (Marcou), and Cleiothyridina orbicularis (Mc- Chesney) all have similar associations in lighter colored limestones and shales and seem to lack value as diagnostic fossils. Phricodothyris perplexa (Mc- Chesney) is generally limited to purer limestones of fusulinid facies such as the Seville, Brereton, and Lonsdale. Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard) is especially abundant in argillaceous or ferruginous limestones in which it is associated with a largely molluscan fauna. It is most abundant in the Lino- productus limestone (member 79) of the Oak Grove beds but seems to have little value for stratigraphic correla- tion. The Lingula facies is well developed in the black sheety shales and enclosed concretions. Orbiculoidea missourien- sis (Shumard) is as abundant in these beds as is Lingula. Associated with these forms are Trigonoglossa, another inarticulate brachiopod which is un- common, conodonts, fish remains, and the pelecypod genus Dunbarella. Brachiopods which first appear high in the column are Meekella striatocos- tata (Cox), first in the St. David lime- stone, and Rhipidomella carboTiaria (Swallow), Schizophoria texana Girty, and Cryptacanthia compacta (White and St. John) , all of which appear first in the Lonsdale limestone. Pelecypods Pelecypods are very diverse, and a total of 90 kinds is listed. The rich pelecypod faunas are concentrated in a few beds, of which the large concre- tions in the St. David black sheety shale (member 98) with 39 species, the Lonsdale limestone (member 140) with 37 species, the Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77) with 23 spe- cies, and the Linoproductus limestone (member 79) with 27 species, have the richest assemblages. The Lonsdale limestone has several local facies, in some of which pelecypods are almost wholly absent, whereas in others they are dominant. Dunbarella is common in black sheety shales. D. knighti Newell oc- curs in the Seville and Liverpool cyclo- thems and D. rectalaterarea (Cox) in the St. David cyclothem. Among the large concretions in the St. David black sheety shale the more pyritic concretions commonly contain a lim- ited fauna with the brachiopod Orbicu- loidea missouriensis (Shumard) and the pelecypods Solemya parallela Beede and Rogers, S. trapezoides Meek, and Clinopistha radiata var. laevis Meek and Worthen. More calcareous and less pyritic concretions contain the brachio- pods Linoproductus and Composita along with a rich pelecypod fauna in- cluding several species each of Edmon- dia, Schizodus, and Pleurophorus. The very thin Cardiomorpha lime- stone (member 77) consists almost wholly of closely packed C. missourien- sis Shumard, Sedgwickia topekaensis (Shumard), and Myalina lepta New- ell, none of which is conspicuous in ad- jacent beds. Light-colored calcareous shales at several positions commonly contain Astartella concentrica (Con- rad) and Nuculopsis girtyi Schenck, 20 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Some pelecypods are generally found in the brachiopod f acies in purer lime- stones. These include among others Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) and Annuliconcha interlin- eata (Meek and Worthen). Euchon- dria pellucida (Meek and Worthen) along with the brachiopod Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard) is most char- acteristic of the calcareous ironstone band (member 81) at the top of the Oak Grove beds. Among species which are only locally common but are re- stricted to the Lonsdale limestone are Nuculana arata (Hall), Annuliconcha interlineata (Meek and Worthen), and Clavicosta echinata Newell. Although pelecypod faunas are very diverse, most forms seem to be ad- justed to special environmental situa- tions which commonly are not regular- ly repeated in vertical sequence, so it is difficult to use pelecypods as index fossils in the sense of stages in evolu- tionary development. Thus there are no ecologic counterparts in other parts of the column for the large black con- cretions in the St. David black sheety shale with Solemya, CUnopistha, and Pleurophorus, for the ''Cardiomorpha^' limestone with Cardiomorpha, Sedg- wickia, and Myalina, or for the Lons- dale limestone with Annuliconcha, Clavicosta, and Nuculana. Dunbar ella reappears in black shales of several cyclothems and shows evolutionary de- velopment in that D. knighti below is replaced by D. rectalaterarea above in similar environmental situations. Somewhat the same is true for Astar- tella and Nuculopsis in successive cal- careous shales overlying marine lime- stones. The pelecypods are most use- ful, however, as indicators of environ- ment by their characteristic associa- tions, generally influenced markedly by the argillaceous, ferruginous, or car- bonaceous content of the beds. Gastropods Gastropods are also common and di- verse, and 88 species are listed. Mi- nute gastropods, nearly as small as microf ossils, are especially common in the Seaborne limestone in which 52 kinds of gastropods are found. A sim- ilar facies was described by Knight (1930-1934) from the St. Louis, Mis- souri, Pennsylvanian outlier from the Labette shale of Sparland age. The larger gastropod genera Naticopsis and Trachydomia are found with the minute forms in the Seaborne lime- stone. The Lonsdale limestone has gastro- pod facies locally similar to the Sea- borne, although minute gastropods are much less common in it. Naticopsis ventricosa (Norwood and Pratten) of the Seaborne is replaced by N. meeki Knight in the Lonsdale, and Trachy- domia oweni Knight of the Seaborne is replaced by T. nodulosa Worthen of the Lonsdale. Minute ornate gastro- pods of the Pseudozygopleuridae are especially conspicuous in the Seaborne, and many species of this family were described by Knight from the Labette shale. Although some of Knight's names were applied to Seaborne forms, the Seaborne shells seem different enough from the much younger La- bette forms to indicate evolutionary change. The Labette forms occur in calcareous shale from which they can be extracted in perfect condition, but the Seaborne forms are firmly embed- ded in limestone and are more difficult to extract. In some places the Lonsdale lime- stone displays a strongly gastropod fa- cies. Several forms which are unknown in other beds in the area are common. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 21 These include Gosseletina spironema (Meek and Worthen), Baylea adamsi (Worthen), B. giffordi (Worthen), PorcelUa gillanus White and St. John, and Mourlonia cf. beckwithana (Mc- Chesney). Bellerophontid gastropods are common in the Liverpool calcareous shale (member 74), especially Buca- nopsis aff. marcouiana (Geinitz), B. tenuilineata (Gurley), and Euphemites carbonarius (Cox). Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) is very common at one Lonsdale locality. The Exline calcareous shale (member 143) has an abundant though small gastropod fauna. Various species of Strobeus are especially characteristic of the Lino- productus limestone (member 79). Like the pelecypods, many gastro- pod species seem to be associated with environments sufficiently distinctive that they did not recur commonly in this area. The curious minute gastro- pod fauna with plentiful pseudozygo- pleurids has also been observed by the writer at Knight's St. Louis locality in the Labette shale, at an outcrop of the Keechi Creek shale of Canyon (Lower Missouri) age near Mineral Wells, Texas, and in the La Tuna member of the Magdalena group near El Paso, Texas. The rocks are of different age in each place and critical comparative study of these faunas should reveal evolutionary tendencies. The genus Trepospira is represented by T. illinois- ensis (Worthen) in the Seville, Sea- borne, Liverpool, and St. David cyclo- thems and by T. discoidaUs Newell in the Lonsdale. This is probably an evo- lutionary change. The following gastropods are more tolerant of environmental variations and therefore recur most frequently in the faunas of the Beardstown-Glas- ford-Havana-Vermont area: Bucanop- sis tenuilineata (Gurley), Pharkidon- otus percarinatus (Conrad), Euphem- ites carbonarius (Cox), Cymatospira montfortianus (Norwood and Prat- ten), Glabrocingulum grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) , Donaldina ro- busta (Stevens), Meekospira choctaw- ensis Girty, and various species of Strobeus. Detailed study of variations in these forms within and between cy- clothems is needed to determine their potential usefulness as index fossils. SCAPHOPODS Scaphopods are uncommon, and only two species are listed from seven dif- ferent members. Amphineura The amphineura are represented only by Glaphuro chiton carbonarius (Stevens), of which only two speci- mens were found, both in the St. David cyclothem. Cephalopods Straight tubular nautiloid cephalo- pods referred to Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) are widespread and are listed from 22 beds. Most of the other nautiloid genera are uncom- mon, but a total of 26 kinds of nauti- loids are listed. Several species of Metacoceras are fairly widespread, though nowhere common. Nautiloids are most common in the large black concretions in the black sheety shale of the St. David cyclothem (member 98) with ten species and the Lonsdale limestone (member 140) with 11 spe- cies, mostly from one locality. Only two species of ammonoid cephalopods are known, but they are the most abun- dant fossils in the Liverpool cyclothem black limestone (member 66), in con- cretions in the black sheety shale (member 67) , and also in large concre- tions in the Summum cyclothem black shale (member 90), 22 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY It is curious that the large concre- tions in the black sheety shale of the St. David cyclothem have a rich diverse fauna v^hereas those in the Liverpool and Summum cyclothems have a very small fauna with ammonoids dominant. Large concretions v^ere not found in the Seville cyclothem black sheety shale in these quadrangles, but in the Alexis quadrangle (Wanless, 1929, p. 158-163) they contain a rich fauna similar to that of the St. David of this area. Trilobites Trilobites are uncommon, but they are found in most of the cyclothems, and six species are listed. Sevillia se- villensis Weller is restricted to the Se- ville limestone. Ditomopyge n. sp. (in- cluded under Ditomopyge sp. in table 3) is restricted to the Seaborne, D. parvulus (Girty) is found in the St. David, Brereton, and Pokeberry cy- clothems, and D. scitula (Meek and Worthen) in Lonsdale limestone. Thus the trilobites are useful index fossils, though infrequent. Crustacea Crustacean remains are uncommon. Estheria ortoni Clarke, the most com- mon of three listed, is found in three members of the Liverpool cyclothem. OSTRACODES Ostracodes are represented by 111 species and are thus the most diverse group. They were identified by C. L. Cooper (1946). Ostracodes are rather scant in the Seville, Seaborne, and Liv- erpool cyclothems in this area, but the higher cyclothems have more plentiful faunas, and 35 species are listed from the Gimlet cyclothem. The most abun- dant ostracode collecting zone is prob- ably the Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member 143) with 24 species. This fauna was studied by Bean (1938). Several species of ostracodes seem to be restricted to limited parts of the column, although it is not cer- tain that this restriction is controlled by environment rather than by evolu- tionary change. CONODONTS Conodonts are common and charac- teristic fossils of some of the black sheety shales, especially that of the St. David cyclothem which contains 10 of the 26 conodont species listed. Light gray calcareous shales yield conodonts when washed and screened, and shales below and in the Lonsdale limestone have yielded a good fauna of conodonts. The limestones of this area have not been tested for their conodont faunas. The genus Gondolella is found only in the Gimlet cyclothem and is believed to be absent from older conodont-bearing beds. Several natural assemblages of conodonts have been found on bedding surfaces of the St. David black sheety shale (Rhodes, 1952). Vertebrates Vertebrate remains are limited to fish scales, spines, tubercles, teeth, and bone fragments. They are most plenti- ful in the St. David cyclothem black slaty shale, but are not generally com- mon or diverse enough to be useful in- dex fossils. Eleven varieties are listed. Plants Although this report deals with ani- mal remains, it is worthy of comment that the large black concretions in the St. David cyclothem black sheety shale contain impressions of logs along with mollusks and brachiopods. The Exline limestone (member 142) contains well preserved stems and fern leaves (Neu- ropteris) along with some inverte- brates. In both cases the sites of depo- sition were evidently close to a supply PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 23 of land vegetation. In one locality in the Glasford quadrangle erect silicified stumps were observed rooted in the top of the Lonsdale limestone, and fragments of silicified wood are com- mon at the top of the Lonsdale lime- stone at several places. This is inter- preted as showing that the sea drained away shortly after the Lonsdale lime- stone was formed and the emerged limestone provided a '"soil" that sup- ported forest vegetation. FAUNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS Although the several faunas can be characterized generally as Lingula, molluscan, mixed, brachiopod, and fus- uHnid facies, following Elias's termi- nology, variable factors such as depth, distance from shore, temperature, sa- linity, bottom material, rate of sedi- ment influx, frequency of scavengers, hydrogen ion concentration, and oxida- tion-reduction potential must have given each fossiliferous bed some unique faunal characteristics not shared by other beds. In the following discussion, the gen- eral composition in terms of dominant major groups is described for each bed. Species that are especially common or dominant are listed; relations between fauna, lithology, and sedimentary en- vironment are discussed; and in those cases where the fauna in a bed varies regularly or irregularly in composition within the four quadrangle area, the pattern of this variation is discussed. Locality references are to the list of fossil collecting localities (table 4) . Seville Cyclothem Seville Limestone (Member 19) Nearly all the collections from the Seville limestone are from a small area in the north part of the Vermont quad- rangle and the south part of the Avon quadrangle near Seville. The fauna of 97 species is distinguished by the rich- est bryozoan concentration of any member and includes 22 of the 39 spe- cies listed. Although Fusulinella io- wensis Thompson is present at several localities it is not abundant enough to consider the fauna as fusulinid facies. Brachiopods are most abundant, and Marginifera haydenensis Girty and M, nana (Meek and Worthen) are the most common species. They occur in no other members in the area. Other species: Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden), Mesolobus striatus Wel- ler and McGehee, Juresania nebrascen- sis (Owen), Dictyoclostus gallatinensis (Girty), D, n. sp. aff. americanus Dun- bar and Condra, Linoproductus ''cora" (d'Orbigny), Phricodothyris perplexa (McChesney), Spirifer occidentalis Girty, Neospirifer cameratus (Mor- ton), and Composita argentea (Shep- ard) . It is the only member with com- mon siliceous sponge spicules, and smaller foraminifera are fairly com- mon. The fauna includes 23 brachio- pods, 12 pelecypods, and 7 gastropods. It would be called a brachiopod facies. It is one of the most siliceous of the limestones. Seahorne Cyclothem Seaborne Limestone (Member 41) The Seahorne limestone is much more widespread than the Seville, and collections are well distributed through all the quadrangles except in the Glas- ford where the limestone is below drainage. The total fauna is 112 spe- cies, one of the largest faunas from a single member. It is dominated by gas- tropods, of which 52 species are listed, but includes 17 brachiopods and 16 pel- ecypods. All but a few of the gastro- pods are of nearly microscopic size, a 24 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY feature in which the Seahorne differs from all other beds of the region. At most places three larger gastropods, Trachydomia oiveni Knight, Naticopsis ventricosa (Norwood and Pratten), and Natiria americana (Girty), are common. The rich gastropod fauna is present at only a few localities, espe- cially 12, 18, and 22 (table 4). Else- where only a few common brachiopods and rare gastropods are generally seen. The distinctive Seahorne fauna was described first from the limestone roof of the Tebo coal in Henry County, Mis- souri (Girty, 1915). Many of the mi- nute gastropods have not been de- scribed and would constitute new spe- cies. The Pseudozygopleuridae with 14 species are the most abundant group of minute gastropods. Fusulinids are present but uncommon at several lo- calities in the Beardstown quadrangle and the southwest part of the Havana quadrangle, but are absent elsewhere. The Seahorne might be considered mol- luscan facies but is not much like other members with molluscan facies. If the nodular structure is produced by algae, it may be considered a special algal limestone facies. At locality 22 a limestone a foot or so below the Seahorne limestone, and apparently separated from it by a thin coal horizon and underclay, has abun- dant Spirorbis anthracosia Whitfield but apparently no other fossils. . Greenbush Cyclothem Underclay Limestone (Member 48) This member has yielded a distinc- tive and unique fauna of one species each of gastropods, pelecypods, crusta- ceans, ostracodes, and worms, all be- lieved to be freshwater forms. The limestone is fairly widespread, but the fauna was collected only near Marietta in the Vermont quadrangle. This is the only member in the area that has yielded a freshwater fauna. Limestone (Member 51) This bed is very discontinuous and was seen at only a few outcrops. A small fauna of crinoid stems and two common brachiopods suggests a bra- chiopod facies. Liverpool Cyclothem Francis Creek Shale (Member 64) The lower part of the Francis Creek shale over the Colchester (No. 2) coal commonly contains compressions of plants. The major part of the shale is wholly nonfossiliferous, but where the shale is more than 40 feet thick the up- per 3 or 4 feet contain Marginifera muricatina Dunbar and Condra. Thus the environment changed from fresh- water to marine during the deposition of this shale. Black Limestone (Member 66) The fauna of the black limestone consists of 21 species: 2 inarticulate brachiopods, 4 articulate brachiopods, 8 pelecypods, 3 gastropods, 2 nauti- loids, and 2 ammonoids. The most com- mon fossils are the two ammonoids and the pelecypod Dunbarella knighti Newell. In fauna and lithology this member resembles that of large con- cretions in the overlying black sheety shale. The fauna seems largely pelagic. Black Sheety Shale (Member 67) This widespread and typical black sheety shale has yielded a small fauna of 6 species: 2 inarticulate brachio- pods — Lingula and Orbiculoidea, 1 am- monoid, fish remains, and 2 conodonts. It is a Lingula facies. The small phos- phatic concretions which give bedding surfaces a pimply appearance have yielded a few whole impressions of ganoid fish in the Galesburg area northwest of here. A rich fish fauna PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 25 has been collected from this bed near Mecca, Parke County, Indiana (Zan- gerl and Richardson, 1955). Black Concretions in Member 67 The large concretions in the black sheety shale are wholly barren of fauna at most places, but in and near Mill Creek in the Beardstown quadrangle they have yielded a fauna of 21 spe- cies: 2 inarticulate brachiopods — Lin- gula and Orhiculoidea, 1 articulate brachiopod, 11 pelecypods, 3 nautiloids of which Pseudometacoceras sculptile (Girty) is common, 1 abundant ammo- noid Beyrichoceras wanlessi (Plum- mer and Scott), and fish remains. The fauna resembles closely that of mem- ber 66. It is a molluscan facies, al- though it contains Lingula which is more characteristic of shallower water. Oak Grove Beds (Members 68 to 81) Siliceous Limestone (Member 68) The basal member of the Oak Grove beds is a local accumulation of dark blue-gray siliceous limestone which is flinty in some places (locality 16) and shelly in others (localities 39 and 40). This member has a fauna of 32 species : 14 brachiopods, 5 pelecypods, 3 bryo- zoa, and 3 gastropods are the most abundant. Fusulinids occur in the flinty limestone at Mill Creek. Com- mon Phricodothyris perplexa (Mc- Chesney) in the flinty limestone sug- gests that the water was deeper and clearer than in the shelly facies. Shale and Limestone (Member 69) This shale member contains thin beds of limestone which have not been traced as widely as those higher in the Oak Grove beds. The fauna of 69 spe- cies from two localities includes 23 spe- cies of ostracodes, 10 brachiopods, 12 pelecypods, and 14 gastropods. This is the lowest zone rich in ostracodes. The large faunal list results from mixing smaller faunules of both shale and limestone from a 2-foot interval. The gross fauna would be considered a mixed facies between molluscan and brachiopod facies. Conglomerate (Member 70) Fragments of crinoid columnals are the most conspicuous fossils in this local thin conglomerate of dark gray limestone pebbles. The fauna of 12 species is largely molluscan with 6 gas- tropods, 1 pelecypod, and 1 scaphopod. Only 2 brachiopods are present. The fossils are fragments of shells, and they show sorting by waves and cur- rents in shallow water. Septarian Limestone (Member 72) The widespread septarian limestone has a fauna of 74 species, but at virtu- ally every outcrop it is dominated by one brachiopod species, Marginifera muricatina Dunbar and Condra, which is about ten times as abundant as all other species combined. Although 23 collections were studied, 40 of the spe- cies are found at only locality 46. The fauna at most places is a brachiopod facies with Marginifera, Mesolobics, and Derbya most common, but at local- ity 46 it is strongly molluscan with 43 species of mollusks among the total fauna of 66 species at that place. Pele- cypod species outnumber gastropods 19 to 15. A few fusulinids were found in the limestone at locality 46. Argillaceous Limestone (Member 74) Above the gray septarian limestone a thin argillaceous limestone or cal- careous shale contains abundant some- what crushed shells which weather out to litter the outcrop surface. Although the most abundant species are Margin- ifera muricatina Dunbar and Condra, Mesolobus mesolobus, s. s. (Norwood and Pratten), and Derbya crassa 26 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Meek and Hayden), the member has a fauna of 63 species. Although a few brachiopods are most numerous, bel- lerophont gastropods are unusually plentiful and characteristic of the bed. These include Bucanopsis tenuilineata (Gurley), B, aff. marcouiana (Gein- itz), Cymatospira montfortianics (Nor- wood and Pratten) , Pharkidonotus per- carinatus (Conrad), and Euphefnites carbonarius (Cox), all of which are common. The fauna also includes 11 pelecypods, 19 gastropods, and 14 bra- chiopods. Only a few ostracodes were found, in contrast to their abundance in the calcareous shale (member 69) below the gray septarian limestone. Mesolobus Shale (Member 76) About a foot above the preceding member a bed about one inch thick is largely made up of white generally un- crushed shells of Mesolobus mesolobus s. s. (Norwood and Pratten). It has a fauna of 12 species of which Margini- fera muricatina Dunbar and Condra and Composita argentea (Shepard) are other common forms. Cardiomorpha Limestone (Member (77) The thin discontinuous bed of ferru- ginous black limestone or calcareous ironstone is nearly a coquina of un- crushed pelecypod shells in such a dense matrix that it is almost impossi- ble to extract whole shells. It is easier to obtain internal molds. The dominant species is a variety of Cardiomorpha missouriensis Shumard, but Sedg- wickia topekaensis (Shumard) is also very abundant. The fauna of 39 spe- cies has 23 pelecypods. The only com- mon gastropod of 6 species present is tentatively identified as Bucanopsis marcouiana (Geinitz). Lingula and Orbiculoidea are the only common bra- chiopods. This is a typical molluscan facies fauna. Dunbarella Shale (Member 78) Just above the Cardiomorpha lime- stone, dark gray to black shale is crowded with flattened impressions of the pectenoid pelecypod Dunbarella knighti Newell. It contains a few other fossils : Lingula, 2 kinds of Myalina, a crustacean Estheria, and an annelid Spirorbis. The fauna suggests very shallow water, marine to brackish. In many ways it resembles that of the St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), but lacks conodonts and fish remains. Linoproductus Limestone (Member 79) Above the Dunbarella dark shale, a very widespread thin bed of dark gray argillaceous limestone that weathers deep rusty brown is crowded with well preserved, uncrushed and unworn, fos- sils of large variety. The two most abundant species, visible on nearly ev- ery broken surface, are Linoproductus ''cora" (d'Orbigny) and small pale blue shells of Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard). Although the two most abundant forms are brachiopods, the fauna as a whole has a molluscan as- pect. The 74 species include 17 brachi- opods, 17 pelecypods, 21 gastropods, and 7 nautiloid cephalopods. Several mollusks common in this member are virtually unknown in other members. These include the pectenoid pelecypods Pernopecten ohioense Newell, Aviculo- pecten flabellum (Price), and the gas- tropod Donaldina robusta (Stevens). Strobeus primo genius (Conrad) is the most common of five species of Stro- beus. Dunbarella knighti Newell, the dominant species of the underlying shale is not present, although 8 species of pectenoid pelecypods are listed. Ironstone (Member 81) About 2 feet above the Linoproduc- tus limestone is a persistent bed of cal- PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 27 careous ironstone which is the top member of the Oak Grove beds. It has a well preserved fauna that consists al- most entirely of external molds and internal casts of fossils. The fine tex- ture of the ironstone permits good preservation of shell ornamentation in the casts and molds. A fauna of 42 species was listed from five collections, but nearly every species was found at locality 42, the type outcrop of the Oak Grove beds. The most abundant and characteristic species is an ornate pec- tenoid pelecypod Euchondria pellucida (Meek and Worthen). The fauna in- cludes 5 brachiopod species of which only Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shum- ard) is common, 15 pelecypods, and 12 gastropods. An unusual element is abundant plates and spicules of holo- thurians, Protocaudina kansasensis (Hanna) and Ancistrum sp. Purington Shale (Member 82) Immediately above the ironstone bed the lower foot of the gray Purington shale contains flattened impressions of an essentially similar fauna. One col- lection lists 29 species. Euchondria, holothurian plates and spicules, and Crurithyris are as common as in the ironstone band. An ostracode Cavel- lina sp. is also common. Above this basal zone the Purington shale is quite barren of fauna, although a few poorly preserved molluscan impressions were found in ironstone nodules in the lower 10 feet. They are all forms listed from the Oak Grove ironstone band. SUMMUM CYCLOTHEM Shale over Kerton Creek Coal (Member 85) A small marine fauna was found at two localities in black shale which over- lies the Kerton Creek coal. The coal it- self is a local deposit in partially filled ''channel'' areas of the Pleasantview sandstone. The fauna of 7 species in- cludes Lingula and Orhiculoidea, 3 pel- ecypods, fish spines, and the straight tubular nautiloid Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney). It is a shal- low-water marine fauna similar to that found in other black shales above coal beds. Concretions in Dark Shale (Member 90) The large spherical concretions in the dark shale overlying the Summum (No. 4) coal are not very fossiliferous as compared with similar concretions in the black shale of the St. David cy- clothem. Three collections contain 11 species of which the most abundant species is the small ammonoid Beyrich- oceras wanlessi (Plummer and Scott). The rest of the fauna is made up of 5 pelecypods, 3 brachiopods, 1 other ammonoid, and a fish spine, a typical assemblage for large concretions in dark shales. The abundant small am- monoid is probably pelagic. No fossils were found in the enclosing dark shale. Hanover Limestone (Member 92) The Hanover limestone is very hard near Pleasantview in the Beardstown quadrangle and probably has not been adequately collected as the only species listed are Marginifera splendens (Nor- wood and Pratten) and a fusulinid, probably Fusulina haworthi (Beede). Near Cuba it yields a very different fauna of three types of fish remains and the inarticulate brachiopod Or- hiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard), which is the most abundant form. Thus within about 40 miles between Cuba and Pleasantview the Hanover limestone grades from the Lingula fa- des at Cuba to the brachiopod or fusu- linid facies near Pleasantview. 28 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY St. David Cyclothem Springfield (No. 5) coal (Member 97) In strip mines near Cuba the upper- most inch of No. 5 coal has several thin laminae of dull bony matter containing impressions of marine fossils alternat- ing with nonfossiliferous bright coal laminae. The dull laminae in the coal yield 6 brachiopod species and a cono- dont. The most abundant is the inar- ticulate brachiopod Orbiculoidea mis- souriensis (Shumard). These species were evidently adapted to the extreme- ly shallow marine waters of the initial stage of flooding which ended the coal swamp. Black Sheety Shale (Member 98) This is the most fossiliferous of the black sheety shales of the area. It con- tains large black concretions whose fauna is separately discussed. The shale has yielded a fauna of 49 species of which Dunbarella rectalaterarea (Cox), Lingula carbonaria Shumard, Orbiculoidea Tnissouriensis, and several kinds of fish remains are most charac- teristic. Conodont remains are com- mon and seven species are listed. Some conodont assemblages were found. The lower part of the shale is hard and sheety and has the limited fauna de- scribed above, but the upper part is somewhat softer, and contains a more diverse fauna including Marginifera and other productids, Leiorhynchus, Derbya, Composita, and chonetids. The fauna of the two parts is not differen- tiated in the collections. It consists of 13 species of brachiopods, 10 pelecy- pods, 9 gastropods, and 3 annelids. The upper part of the black shale has abun- dant curved bands of lighter shale which appear to be the fillings of worm burrows. Concretions in Black Shale (Member 98) Most of the large spheroidal to dis- coidal concretions in the black shale have a very limited fauna, of which Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) is most common. Near Cuba some of the concretions are largely replaced with pyrite or marcasite and contain an abundance of pyritized shells, most- ly the large pelecypod Solemya trape- zoides Meek, but including the smaller pelecypods Solemya parallela Beede and Rogers and Clinopistha radiata var. laevis Meek and Worthen, and the brachiopod Orbiculoidea. A much smaller number of concre- tions, especially in the vicinity of lo- cality 85, are not pyritized and contain a rich assemblage of uncrushed fos- sils. Preservation is better in these concretions than in any other member in the area. The fauna includes Sol- emya and Clinopistha along with a rich variety of brachiopods, of which the following are most abundant: Or- biculoidea, a different variety of Lino- productus "cora'* (d'Orbigny) than in either the Seville or Oak Grove lime- stones, Marginifera muricatina Dun- bar and Condra, Juresania nebrascen- sis (Owen), and Composita argentea (Shepard). More than 500 uncrushed shells of Composita have been found in a single concretion. The fauna of 90 species includes 13 brachiopods, 39 pelecypods, 19 gastro- pods, and 10 nautiloid and 2 ammonoid cephalopods. Among the dominant pel- ecypods are several species each of Ed- mondia, Schizodus, and Pleurophorus, as well as the aberrant form Placunop- sis carbonaria Meek and Worthen which is generally attached to other shells and is impressed on striations of the host shell in a random manner wholly unrelated to the symmetry of the pelecypod. Concretions which have PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 29 weathered on waste piles of strip mines for several years shatter with a light tap of the hammer and break away cleanly from the enclosed un- crushed shells. None of the shells show evidence of breakage, abrasion, or sort- ing. Calcareous Shale (Member 100) The dark calcareous shale below the St. David limestone at some places con- tains very large nautiloids at least 6 inches in diameter which are partly in the shale and partly in the overlying limestone. The shale has a fauna of 39 species including 13 ostracodes and 5 conodonts. Among 12 brachiopods, 4 chonetids are most prominent. St. David Limestone (Member 101) The St. David limestone is hard, and although highly fossiliferous it is dif- ficult to extract good whole shells. Blocks of the limestone are abundant on strip mine waste piles. In the Havana quadrangle the most abundant and distinctive fossils are Mesolobus mesolobus var. euampygus (Girty) and Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten). Neither form is prominent in a comparable member, the gray septarian limestone (member 72) of the Liverpool cyclothem. Mar- ginifera muricatina Dunbar and Con- dra is present in the St. David lime- stone but is much less abundant than M, splendens. In the large black con- cretions in the black slaty shale only about 2 feet below the St. David lime- stone, M. muricatina is common but M. splendens is absent. Thus differ- ence in distribution of the species is partly ecological, M. splendens favor- ing clearer seas in which limestone forms and M. muricatina the muddier bottoms with reducing conditions. The St. David limestone has a fauna of 98 species including 27 brachiopods. 20 pelecypods, 12 gastropods, and 6 nautiloid cephalopods. Crinoid stems and plates are quite common. Near Pleasantview in the Beardstown quad- rangle Fusulina girty i (Dunbar and Condra) is conspicuous along with the bryozoan Prismopora triangulata (White). In the Vermont and Havana quadrangles these forms are absent and molluscan shells are uncommon, the fauna being of a typical brachiopod or brachiopod-crinoid facies. In the Glasford and Canton quadrangle col- lections there are 13 molluscan species not found to the south. Thus the St. David grades from a brachiopod-fusu- linid facies near Pleasantview through a brachiopod-crinoid facies near Cuba to a brachiopod-molluscan facies near Canton and Glasford. Molluscan gen- era common to the north and north- east include Pteria, Astartella, Nucu- lopsis, Nuculana, and Yoldia among the pelecypods and Donaldina, Buca- nopsis, and Orestes among the gastro- pods. Calcareous Shale (Member 102) Immediately above the St. David limestone is about a foot of very cal- careous shale filled with loose but gen- erally crushed fossils. This is a coun- terpart of member 74 in the Liverpool cyclothem, member 116 in the Brere- ton, and member 153 in the Trivoli. It has yielded a fauna of 118 species. The fossils weather out loose. The shale generally adheres to blocks of the St. David limestone on strip-mine waste- piles and these blocks afford almost unlimited opportunities to collect this fauna. Brachiopods such as Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten) , Me- solobus mesolobus var. euampygus (Girty), M. mesolobus v sly. decipiens (Girty), and Dictyoclostus n. sp. aff. 30 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY americanus Dunbar and Condra are most conspicuous. Fragmentary cri- noid remains are common and the dis- tinctive plates of Ethelocrinus tubercu- latus (Meek and Worthen) and Delo- crinus sp. are especially conspicuous. The fauna includes 10 bryozoa, 28 brachiopods, 15 pelecypods, 20 gastro- pods, and 6 nautiloid cephalopods. Mi- crofossils include 5 smaller foramini- fera, 1 conodont, and 20 ostracodes. Fusulinids and Prismopora are present near Pleasantview and collections from the Glasford quadrangle have the greatest variety of mollusks along with abundant brachiopods. Argillaceous Limestone (Member 104) in Canton Shale A bed of impure limestone or a band of limestone concretions 9 to 12 feet above the base of the Canton shale con- tains a fauna of 17 species : 7 brachio- pods, 4 pelecypods, 3 gastropods, 2 nautiloids, and crinoid stems. The brachiopods Chonetes granuUfer Ov^en and Linopro ductus ''cora" (d'Orbigny) are most common. Brereton Cyclothem Limestone (Member 108) The Herrin (No. 6) coal generally has a nonfossiliferous underclay lime- stone below its underclay and above the Cuba sandstone, but in one outcrop just east of Cuba a marine limestone is present a few feet below the under- clay limestone. The limestone has a fauna of 39 species, including 12 os- tracodes concentrated from the asso- ciated shale. The most abundant forms are Linoproductus ''cora" (d'Orbig- ny), Mesolobus mesolobus var. euam- pygus (Girty), Marginifera murica- tina Dunbar and Condra, Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, and crinoid stems. Fusulina girtyi (Dunbar and Condra) is present. There are only three gastropods and one pelecypod as opposed to 16 brachiopods and 3 bryo- zoa. The fauna is a brachiopod facies. Dark Shale (Member 114) The No. 6 coal is locally overlain by black sheety shale, but more commonly the shale is soft and dark gray. The latter has no macrof auna but contains 26 species of ostracodes. Brereton Limestone (Member 115) The Brereton limestone is widely dis- tributed in Illinois and surrounding states. It is best known for its fusu- linids and has been called ''Fusulina limestone." Fusulina girtyi (Dunbar and Condra), though present in other beds, is most characteristic of the Brereton. The fauna of 46 species in- cludes 19 brachiopods, 7 bryozoa, 4 pelecypods, and 3 gastropods. Smaller foraminifera are common, especially Textularia sp. Among the brachiopods Phricodothyris perplexa (McChes- ney), Marginifera splendens (Nor- wood and Pratten), Composita ar gen- tea (Shepard), and C. subtilita (Hall) are most plentiful. The fauna is char- acteristic of clearer and slightly deeper water than most other limestones. Calcareous Shale (Member 116) About a foot of fossiliferous calcare- ous shale overlying the Brereton lime- stone has a fauna of 53 species, includ- ing 18 ostracodes, 3 foraminifera, 5 bryozoa, 2 crinoids, 19 brachiopods, one pelecypod and no gastropods or cephalopods. The fauna is generally similar to that of the Brereton lime- stone beneath it, with the addition of the ostracodes. POKEBERRY CYCLOTHEM Pokeberry Calcareous Shale (Member 119) and Limestone (Member 120) The Pokeberry limestone and asso- ciated calcareous shale have a fauna of 36 species including 6 bryozoa, 13 PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 31 brachiopods, no pelecypods, 4 gastro- pods, and 7 ostracodes. The most abun- dant fossil is Dictyoclostus portlocki- aniis (Norwood and Pratten), which is also the dominant species in the James- town limestone of southwestern Illi- nois, a probable correlative. Other common and conspicuous brachiopods are Composita subtilita (Hall) and Echinoconchus semipunctatus var. knighti Dunbar and Condra. Fusulin- ids are present, although uncommon. It is the only bed in the area that yields Chaetetes milleporaceous Milne-Ed- wards and Haime. The fauna is a typ- ical brachiopod facies, but the domi- nant brachiopod species is not domi- nant in any other bed. Sparland Cyclothem Calcareous Shale and Limestone (Member 126) A thin earthy limestone and calcare- ous shale above the Sparland (No. 7) coal and below the black sheety roof shale has a fauna of 68 species, includ- ing the following microf ossils : 15 os- tracodes, 7 conodonts, and 8 foramini- f era but no f usulinids. This is the only zone in which ophiuroid plates and os- sicles are common. Among the 17 brachiopod species the most common are Chonetes granulifer Owen, Mesolo- bus mesolobus var. decipiens (Girty), Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten), Wellerella tetrahedra Dun- bar and Condra, Crurithyris planocon- vexa (Shumard), and Composita sub- tilita (Hall). No one species is dom- inant. There are four pelecypods and six gastropods. Black Sheety Shale (Member 128) The black sheety shale of the Spar- land cyclothem (locality 171) has a typical black shale fauna with Orbicu- loidea missouriensis (Shumard) the most common fossil. Conodonts are also common and there are 7 pelecy- pods, of which 3 are pectenoids. Ostra- codes of the genus HolUnella are com- mon and holothurian plates have been observed. Gimlet Cyclothem Limestone (Member 136) A thin limestone bed was found be- low the black shale of the Gimlet cy- clothem at a single locality (154) where it yields a fauna of 20 species, of which Chonetes granulifer Owen is most common. The fauna includes 9 brachiopods and only 3 mollusks, and is a brachiopod facies. Fusulina me- gista Thompson is present but uncom- mon. Black Shale (Member 138) The Gimlet cyclothem black shale is also very local, and was collected at only locality 154. Fossils are uncom- mon but 19 species were found. Un- identified small brownish-yellow plates or shell fragments are most common. Otherwise it is a typical black shale fauna with Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard), conodonts, fish scales and teeth, and a few ostracodes. Shale (Member 139) At two places where the Lonsdale limestone is underlain by calcareous f ossilif erous shale (localities 148 and 149), f usulinids are abundant in the shale and a cemented coquina of fusu- linids occurs locally. Locality 148 is the type locality for Dunbar and Hen- best's Fusulina acme and F. lonsdalen- sis. The fauna of 58 species is most largely microfossils and includes 27 os- tracodes, 10 conodonts, and 13 fora- minifera of which 3 are fusulinids. There are 4 common brachiopods. Lonsdale Limestone (Member 140) The Lonsdale limestone has the most varied fauna of any member in the area 32 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Waldo, 1928). The fauna of 194 spe- cies consists of 14 foraminifera, 1 sponge, 5 corals, 5 crinoids, 3 echi- noids, 2 annelids, 11 conodonts, 4 bryo- zoa, 30 brachiopods, 39 pelecypods, 39 gastropods, 1 scaphopod, 11 nautiloid cephalopods, 2 trilobites, 25 ostracodes, and 1 fish tooth. This extraordinary diversity results from facies variations within small distances so that several of the larger collections have almost wholly different faunas. The species most abundant at some localities are absent at others. At locality 154, abundant and dis- tinctive species are Cancrinella boon- ensis (Swallow), Conocardium mis- souriensis Roundy, many common brachiopods, as Mesolobus n. sp., and Cdninia sp. At locality 155, abundant species are Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten) , Nuculana bel- listriata (Stevens), Linoproducttts *'cora" (d'Orbigny), Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) (which is found at no other Lonsdale locality), and Margini feral lasallensis (Wor- then). At locality 156, abundant species are Baylea adamsi (Worthen), B. giffordi (Worthen), Porcellia gillamcs White and St. John, and various other small gastropods suggestive of the Seaborne fauna. At locality 157, abundant species are Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten), Dielasma bovidens (Mor- ton), Composita subtilita (Hall), Cleiothyridina orbicularis (McChes- ney), Hustedia mormoni (Marcou), Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden), Gosseletina spironema (Meek and Worthen) and Cryptacanthia compacta (White and St. John). Each of these localities yielded more than 40 species, with about 70 species from locality 155. The Lonsdale limestone includes many species unknown in older beds in the area, some of which become com- mon in the Upper Pennsylvanian of the Illinois basin, as Teguliferina ar- mata (Girty) , Rhipidomella carbonaria (McChesney), and Caninia sp. On the other hand, it marks the last appear- ance of the common early Pennsyl- vanian brachiopod genus Mesolobtts. The varied sedimentation, petrology, and ecology of the Lonsdale limestone would well repay careful study. EXLINE CYCLOTHEM Exline Limestone (Member 142) The most conspicuous fossils on bed- ding surfaces of the dark brownish- gray impure Exline limestone are leaves and stems of fossil ferns. Asso- ciated with this flora are annelids (Spi- rorbis anthracosia Whitfield) and a few pelecypods which were noted in the field but not found in the collec- tions. This is a brackish-water fauna, probably near land as the fern leaves are well preserved. In Iowa the Exline has a normal marine fauna (Cline and Burma, 1949). Exline Calcareous Shale (Member 143) The thickest fossiliferous shale in the area overlies the dark Exline lime- stone. Typical marine fossils are found through 25 feet of shale. The larger fossils weather out abundantly on the slopes. Fifty species are listed and os- tracodes are especially common with 24 (Bean, 1938). The fauna includes 5 pelecypods, 12 gastropods, and only 3 brachiopods. The most common large fossils are Nuculopsis girtyi Schenck, Astartella concentrica (Conrad), Eu- phemites carbonarius (Cox), and Gla- brocingulum grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) . It is quite a typical mol- luscan fauna. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 33 Trivoli Cyclothem Shaly Limestone (Member 149) A discontinuous shaly limestone overlies the Trivoli (No. 8) coal at the type outcrop of the cyclothem (locality 168). It is a coquina of worn, flat- tened, distorted, leached shells from which it is difficult to extract good specimens. Some of the 28 species listed are recognized only from frag- ments. The fauna includes 11 brachio- pods, of which 3 chonetids and Cruri- thyris planoconvexa (Shumard) are most abundant. Productids are uncom- mon. Other common forms are crinoid stems and plates, Rhombopora lepido- dendroides Meek, and other bryozoa. Trilobite remains are more conspicu- ous than in any other bed but are mostly detached genal spines. There are only 4 mollusks, none of which is common. Fragments of fusain are fairly common. Black Sheety Shale (Member 150) Fossils were collected from the black sheety shale member at only the type locality of the cyclothem (locality 168). The fauna of 37 species repre- sents two facies, a lower one in which the shale is dark brownish gray, soft, and grades into the underlying lime- stone, and an upper facies of hard black sheety shale. The lower shale yields an abundance of brachiopod shells, especially Com- posita argentea (Shepard), Meekella striatocostata (Cox), and Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard), and pecte- noid pelecypods, especially Euchondria levicula Newell. The upper shale is only a few inches thick and contains Lingula, Orhiculoidea, conodonts, and teeth. The two faunules from this member are not differentiated in the table of fossils. The lower faunule represents the brachiopod facies and the upper the Lingula facies. Calcareous Shale Below Trivoli Limestone (Member 151) The calcareous shale below the Triv- oli limestone has a fauna of 50 species from three collections, mostly from lo- cality 168, the type outcrop of the Triv- oli cyclothem. The fauna includes 15 ostracodes, 6 bryozoa, 10 brachiopods, and 5 gastropods. Crinoid stems and plates are very common. The fauna might be considered a mixed facies. Trivoli Limestone (Member 152) The Trivoli limestone is represented by a single collection of 14 species from locality 168. With more numerous col- lections a large fauna could be ob- tained. The limestone resembles the St. David limestone in lithology, and Marginifera splendens (Norwood and Pratten) is the most common fossil as it is in the St. David. Ten brachiopods dominate the fauna. The only mollus- can species is the gastropod Strobeus medialis (Meek and Worthen). Calcareous Shale (Member 153) The lower 4I/2 feet of the calcareous shale overlying the Trivoli limestone is fossiliferous. A collection from the only exposure, locality 168, contains 51 species, including 6 bryozoa, 13 brach- iopods, 2 pelecypods, 7 gastropods, and 13 ostracodes. The most abundant fos- sils are crinoid stems and plates and the brachiopods Chonetes granulifer Owen, Chonetina flemingi var. plebeia Dunbar and Condra, Crurithyris pla- noconvexa (Shumard), Neospirifer triplicatus (Hall), and Composita sub- tilita (Hall). Chonetes and Chonetina have taken the place of Mesolobus as the most abundant fossils in a chon- etid-rich zone. The fauna is of mixed- to-brachiopod facies. 34 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table G.- -Pennsylvanian Fossils IN THE BeARDSTOWN, CYCLOTHEM i| JO 1 o 1 41 Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER 1 19 i2 48 4J > 66 4 M 67 § o G O U 67 J2 tn 68 Si a e 'bi G d 70 + 71 G .2 a 72 i 1 Ih < 74 1 76 77 J3 ° (JO Xi 10 1 U c 2 a a U c CO 104 2 to 1 108 to Q c o Si to 3 116 12 1 >> J3 + § 126 8 U S 128 1 § 136 1 X Q 138 1 to s O C o 140 28 3 s o 143 7 JO (/) 149 X to i O 151 152 1 u 85 90 97 1 98 101 102 41 114 3 115 19 120 11 139 150 153 2 3 15 22 4 33 12 1 1 3 1 3 C8 X4 XI XI XI XI C6 X2 XI XI XI X7 XI X4 X2 XI XI X7 X6 XI X2 XI XI XI X2 X7 X8 XI A12 C4 X2 ?1 XI X2 X5 A7 X5 XI XI XI XI XI XI ?2 X5 XI X2 XI XI X5 XI XI X4 XI X4 X5 X4 XI X4 X2 XI XI XI X2 X2 X2 XI XI XI XI ?1 XI XI XI XI XI C2 XI XI XI XI C13 XI X5 C13 C8 C6 X3 X2 XI ■ XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI CI XI X3 XI X2 X5 X3 XI X4 XI XI 36 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 3.— CYCLOTHEM 0) Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER JO "3 > u JO m s o '3) c d 00 JO + ni JO 1 1 .2 3 o 'So < 4 s 1 1 i 1 J 4 1 1 1 JO 1 (2 J3 1 MEMBER NUMBER 19 41 48 51 66 67 67 68 70 71 72 74 76 77 78 79 81 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 23 2 2 7 3 3 8 2 2 23 18 4 10 1 23 5 \ Bryozoa— Cont. C4 X4 X3 XI XI Penniretepora bellula (Ulrich) Polypora whitei Ulrich XI X3 X3 Prismopora triangulata (White) ■ ■ ■ ■ X3 C8 XI X4 Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek X2 X2 X2 XI XI XI Septopora biserialis var. nervata Ulrich X5 Septopora multipora ^ Rogers Septopora sp XI XI X4 Sulcoretepora carbonaria (Meek) Tabulipora heteropora (Condra) X2 XI Thamniscus octonarius Ulrich X4 Vinella? sp. Inarticulate Brachiopods XI XI XI XI XI C4 XI X3 XI XI XI X3 'X2" XI Lingula kanawhensis Price X5 XI XI XI X2 X2 XI X3 Petrocrania modesta (White & St. John) Trigonoglossa sp. . . . XI XI X2 Articulate Brachiopods Chonetes granulifer Owen several var XI XI X2 XI Chonetina flemingi var. crassiradiata Dunbar & Condra Chonetina flemingi var. plebeia Dunbar&Condra X6 X2 X3 Composita argentea (Shepard) C12 X2 C7 C9 CI Composita subtilita (Hall) . . . X3 C6 X2 XI XI X2 XI X2 X3 C2 X4 C6 CI X3 A14 C4 Crurithyris planoconvexa (Shumard) C1 Derbya bennetti Hall & Clarke Derbya crassa (Meek & Hayden) C7 XI C5 XI X2 C9 C9 X2 X6 Dictyoclostus gallatinensis (Girty) . . Dictyoclostus portlockianus (Norwood & Prat- ten) X3 X2 XI XI XI Dictyoclostus n. sp. aflf. americanus Dunbar & C8 XI XI X5 C4 X3 XI XI Dielasma bovidens (Morton) . . Echinoconchus semipunctatus var. knighti Dunbar & Condra XI XI X2 X5 C12 XI XI X3 XI XI XI X4 XI XI A20 XI A = abundant; C = common; X = present; number = number of collections in which fossil v^as present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 37 Continued Summum St. David Brereton Spar- land Gimlet Trivoli ■i u s CO § O u 1 c 6 J3 u CO C .2 a! n o U 45 CO U 100 4 •a 03 Q 4 s 3 102 o U 1 CO Q 1 Si eq 115 4 O J3 1 CO + O i4 o 03 c o e 4 J5 CO 3 03 6 2 Xi CO 3 O 03 o 72 o 03 J3 V) 3 6 J2 > CO 3 O 03 o 85 90 92 97 98 98 101 104 2 108 114 116 120 126 128 136 138 139 140 143 149 150 151 152 153 2 3 2 1 15 22 33 41 2 3 19 12 11 8 1 1 1 12 28 7 1 1 3 1 3 X5 C9 XI XI X2 X4 XI X5 XI XI XI ?1 XI XI X2 X5 Cll XI XI X6 XI XI X4 XI X3 XI XI X3 X4 XI X2 CI XI XI A2 XI XI XI XI .... .... XI XI XI X3 X5 C6 X3 XI XI XI yi C5 X3 A9 X3 XI CI XI n C2 Al Al C17 XI XI XI XI CI XI CI X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X?l XI XI CI xr X3 Xll X2 Xl XI Al XI CI Al XI XI XI C6 CIO C14 C13 CI XI XI XI X2 X6 X5 X2 C3 X2 A2 XI Al XI C2 XI C7 X6 C12 XI C7 X4 X3 XI X4 ?1 XI C9 X6 XI X2 A8 XI XI XI CI ?1 XI XI XI XI XI XI X4 X2 C4 X3 XI X2 C16 X7 C20 C13 XI XI XI C6 X3 X5 XI C8 C3 C2 C12 X5 X2 X3 XIO XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI Al CI XI XI X7 X2 XI C2 X5 X2 C13 XI C17 XI X3 X6 XI XI ?1 XI XI XI X2 X8 C9 X8 X5 X3 XI A9 X3 X5 XI XI XI C7 X3 CIO X5 XI XI X5 X9 XI C15 XI X5 Cll X7 XI CIO X2 XI XI XI XI X6 X2 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X2 C3 A2 X2 XI XI C5 CI XI Al XI C6 XI C6 XI CI ?1 XI XI XI XI S8 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 3.- CYCLOTHEM MEMBER MEMBER NUMBER. NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS. Green- bush Liverpool 00 a CO en 3 O o + M 152 1 m 85 90 3 92 2 97 98 98 100 101 102 104 108 114 3 115 120 126 128 1 136 138 139 12 140 28 143 150 1 151 153 2 1 15 22 4 33 41 2 2 19 12 11 8 1 1 7 3 3 XI XI C6 C15 XI C14 A17 XI XI XI A17 XI A20 XI C8 C8 X2 C3 XI XI XI C12 X4 XI XI CI XI X? XI X3 X4 C2 XI C14 A16 C14 A18 XI Al X5 X5 X2 C3 X6 XI X7 CIO C18 X2 X9 XI XI XI X7 C8 C6 XI X5 X4 XI CIO C15 XI XI XI n XI X3 X9 X2 X2 XI XI X8 C15 XI XI X6 X6 X5 X3 C4 XI XI X? X3 X6 XI X2 ■XT? XI X6 C7 X3 X2 XI XI X5 X6 C2 ?1 XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI C6 C5 XI XI X2 XI X3 XI XI XI X4 ?1 ?1 XI XI X2 XI X3 XI X2 XI XI XI X4 XI XI XI X5 X5 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X3 X2 XI X3 XI C5 X2 xi' XI C7 XI XI ?1 XI XI C3 XI XI X2 CU XI XI C2 XI X3 X3 AS XI XI XI XI C7 XI 40 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 3. CYCLOTHEM 1 "^ m O 1 41 23 Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER w )-< i2 3 48 2 > 51 66 7 i 67 3 .2 u c 67 3 i 68 8 1 § U 70 2 1 + 71 2 c .2 a a (^ 72 23 1 <; 74 18 i 1 1 76 4 a 1 77 10 4 1 Q 78 1 s s ►^ 79 23 1 V 81 5 4 c o M C MEMBER NUMBER 19 19 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 2 1 Gastropods— Cont, XI XI Hemizyga illineata. Knight XI C4 XI Meekospira choctawensis Girty XI XI XI XI X2 C6 X4 X3 XI Microdoma sp. Mourlonia^ sp. XI X2 XI Naticopsis ventricosa (Norwood & Pratten) . . CIO C5 XI Natiria americana (Girty) Orthonema carbonarium Worthen XI XI X5 Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) XI XI XI X4 XI X3 XI XI XI Phymatopleura scitula'' (Meek & Worthen). "Pleurotomaria" conoformis Worthen X4 X2 X2 XI XI "Pleurotomaria" granulostriata Meek & Worthen. "Pleurotomaria" spp XI Plocezyga percostata Knight Porcellia gillanus White & St. John XI XI X2 Pseudozygopleura assertonsoris Knight Pseudozygopleura cf. conica Knight XI XI XI . . . . Pseudozygopleura cf pluricostata Knight XI Pseudozygopleura cf. pulchra Knight XI XI XI Pseudozygopleura cf. semicostata (Meek) XI X3 X3 X3 XI Pseudozygopleura, several species XI XI XI XI X2 Rhabdotocochlis rugata Knight XI Soleniscus typicus Meek & Worthen Straparolus (Amphiscapha) catilloides (Con- rad) XI XI XI XI X3 XI XI Strobeus brevis White X2 X6 XI XI X4 XI X2 XI XI X3 X4 Strobeus intercalaris (Meek & Worthen) XI Strobeus medialis (Meek & Worthen) XI XI ■ X2 XI XI XI Strobeus paludinaeformis (Hall) XI X3 X4 XI C7 X2 Xl Strobeus regularis (Cox) XI Strobeus welleri Knight Strobeus sp. XI XI XI Strophostylus minutissimus? Knight X2 Trachydomia oweni Knight C8 Trepospira illinoisensis (Worthen) XI XI X3 X2 XI X4 X3 Worthenia tabulata (Conrad) Worthenia sp Yunnania subsinuata (Meek & Worthen) A = abunclant; C=:common; X = present; number = number of collections in which fossil was present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 41 Continued Summum St. David Brereton it Spar- land Gimlet Trivoli o m C .2 C o U 90 a! 6 97 i 03 c .2 § o 98 J5 03 03 3 i U 12 > u 102 Xi 03 1 c O _C 104 2 J3 PQ 4 u j5 Xi + 1 a J5 5 a Xi a Q 138 3 s 1 U X 03 o u 143 JO >. 149 1 pq 150 4 3 u 151 3 1 H 152 1 03 3 s 1 o 85 92 98 100 101 108 114 115 116 120 126 128 1 136 139 12 140 28 153 2 3 2 1 15 22 4 33 41 2 3 19 12 11 8 1 1 7 1 3 XI XI XI X4 XI X6 XI X6 XI C7 XI C7 A2 X6 X2 X4 X3' XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI C6 XI XI XI XI XI XI .... XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X3 XI X2 XI X2 X4 XI X2 X2 C3 X3 X2 XI X2 XI XI X2 X3 X4 XI X2 XI XI X2 XI XI . . . . XI XI XI XI . . . . XI X2 XI XI XI X3 XI XI ■ • • • XI XI 42 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ta BLE 3.— CYCLOTHEM Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER 01 c o 1 41 23 1 48 2 rt 51 2 M m 66 7 5 67 3 .1 c o U 67 3 m 8 68 8 M C 70 2 I + rt 71 2 i2 .2 2 1 72 23 8 < 74 18 i 1 76 4 1 77 10 1 s s 78 1 1 1 79 23 .2 ■^^ fa 81 CO 1 M 3 0. MEMBER NUMBER 19 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 1 Cephalopods A2 XI XI A2 XI Brachycycloceras normale Miller, Dunbar & Condra Cyrtoceras? afi. dilatatum Meek Sz Worthen XI XI Domatoceras aflf. moorei Miller, Dunbar & Condra Domatoceras aff. umbilicatum Hyatt Eoasianites welleri (Smith) A2 Large nautiloid fragments X2 XI Megaglossoceras aff. montgomeryensis (Worthen) XI C2 Metacoceras cornutum Girty XI X2 X2 X2 Metacoceras crassus (Hyatt) XI XI X2 X2 Metacoceras aff. sublaeve Miller. Dunbar & Condra Metacoceras sp XI XI Mooreoceras tuba (Girty) XI XI Planetoceras sp. Pseudometacoceras sculptile (Girty) C3 X2 Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) X2 XI X2 XI XI X4 X5 X2 X5 XI Temnocheilus aff. winslowi (Meek & Worthen) XI Titanoceras aff. illinoisense (McChesney) Pelecypods XI XI XI XI ■ ■ ■ Allorisma costatum Meek and Worthen Allorisma subcuneata Meek & Hayden XI XI Anthracomya? sp. X2 Anthraconeilo aff. bownockeri Morningstar. . . . XI XI X2 XI XI X3 X3 C6 XI X3 X2 X2 X3 X2' XI Astartella compacta Girty XI X2 XI Xl' Astartella concentrica (Conrad) XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X2 X3 XI Aviculopecten germanus Miller and Faber XI XI XI X2 X4 X2 Bakevellia parva Meek and Hayden CI A4 XI X2 XI XI X4 XI Cardiomorpha? sp. A8 Clavicosta echinata Newell Clinopistha radiata var. laevis Meek and Worthen X2 Cypricardinia carbonaria Meek XI C5 Dunbarella knighti Newell XI A3 C2 Al XI Dunbarella rectalaterarea (Cox) 1 ■■■■|"" 1 A=abundant; C = common; X = present; number=numbe r of collections in which fossil was present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 43 Continued Summum St. David Brereton Spar- land Gimlet &l Trivoli u 5 § o O J2 I 1 4 u S 98 15 1 t V C d 4 s 3 JO •o '> Q CO 4 § CO § O 104 2 J3 to 1 a; i to + i s 126 s 1 6 4 to to 1 u ca U >3 i O u >> 1 4 to s 1 to s 1 IS o 85 90 92 97 98 100 101 102 108 114 115 116 120 128 136 138 139 12 140 143 149 150 1 151 3 152 153 2 3 2 1 22 4 33 41 2 3 19 12 11 8 1 1 1 28 7 1 1 3 A3 XI .... XI XI XI XI .... XI XI XI C2 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X3 XI XI X2 X2 XI X3 X3 XI XI XI XI X3 X2 XI XI XI X3 C9 XI X3 X5 XI XI X2 X3 XI XI XI XI XI XI Xl XI XI XI XI X2 XI . . . ■ 1 * ■ ■ X2 X3 X3 XI . . . X2 XI X3 ' XI X3 XI C4 XI XI XI X4 X2 XI .... XI A3 XI XI XI XI .... XI XI ** X4 XI XI ' X2 XI C15 XI XI XI X2 ?1 .... .... X2 XI X2 A14 XI XI C4 C7 XI 44 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ta 8LE 3.— CYCLOTHEM c^l a; i 1 41 23 Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER 1 19 19 1 48 2 JO 1 51 JO m 66 7 J3 to M m 67 3 o 'i u C d 67 3 68 8 2 6 o § u 70 2 1 + 71 2 JO c .2 72 23 to 1 <: 74 18 •s 1 76 4 i •2 77 10 1 1 78 1 JO s 1 79 23 81 5 4 c o C 'C 3 (X, MEMBER NUMBER 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 2 1 Pelecypods— Cont. Edmondia meekiana'' Morningstar XI XI X3 XI XI ' Edmondia ovata Meek and W^orthen XI XI XI XI Edmondia, several species XI XI X3 Euchondria levicula Newell Euchondria menardi (Worthen) Euchondria pellucida (Meek and Worthen). . . . XI XI XI A4 Al Lima retifera Shumard XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X2 XI Monopteria gibbosa (Meek and Worthen) Myalina lepta Newell C6 XI XI Myalina wyomingensis (Lea) XI XI XI XI X2 XI XI Nucula croneisi Schenck XI XI X3 XI XI XI Nucula wewokana Girty . XI XI XI XI X2 Nuculana arata (Hall) Nuculana bellistriata (Stevens) XI C6 C4 XI XI C4 Xl' XI XI XI XI X2 X2 Orthomyalina ampla (Meek and Hayden) XI X3 XI Parallelodon aff. sangamonensis W^orthen Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek & Worthen).. Xl X3 XI X2 XI Parallelodon sp. XI X2 XI Pelecypod, genus and species? XI C3 XI XI XI C6 XI XI Plagiostoma acosta Cox X2 XI Pleurophorus' costatus (Brown) XI XI X2 XI XI XI Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek . XI XI Pleurophorus? several species XI XI Posidonia aff. fracta Meek XI Pseudomonotis sp. Pteria longa (Geinitz) X3 XI XI XI Pteria ohioense (Herrick) XI . XI XI Schizodus affinis Herrick XI XI XI XI Schizodus cf. alpinus (Hall) XI XI XI Schizodus wheeleri (Swallow) C5 Septimyalina perattenuata (Meek & Hayden) XI Solemya parallela Beede & Rogers X2 Solemya radiata Meek & Worthen XI XI XI Solemya trapezoides Meek XI X3 Streblochondria hertzeri (Meek) XI X3 Streblochondria? tenuilineata (Meek & Worthen) X3 ?1 XI XI Volsellina subelliptica (Meek) Yoldia glabra Beede & Rogers XI •••■|""-" [■■■]■■■■ A — abundant; C = common; X = present; numbers number of collections in which fossil was present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 45 Summum St. David Brereton O 4; Spar- land Gimlet Is Trivoli u m 1 o 90 d a: s 98 o a d 1 '2 ■> a! Q 4 s O 102 c 2 CI U JO Q o 3 0-1 120 + 4; C 2 o m 128 01 i Xi CO s U 1 CO 3 1 u 149 o s J3 en 3 s 5 151 1 J3 CO 3 3 85 92 97 98 100 101 104 108 114 115 116 126 8 136 1 138 139 140 143 150 1 152 153 2 3 2 1 IS 22 4 33 41 2 2 3 19 1? 11 1 1 12 28 7 1 3 1 3 C7 XI XI XI X4 XI XI XI XI XI XI CI XI X2 X3 X2 X3 X3 XI XI XI XI XI X2 C3 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X3 XI X2 XI Al XI X4 X2 XI XI XI XS XI X3 XI XI A3 XI XI XI X2 •X2- xr X2 XI XI XI XI X2 XI X4 C2 X2 . X2 X3 X5 X2 XI XI XI C6 XI XI XI CI XI ?1 XI C7 X2 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X4 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI AlO X3 A13 X2 X3 XI C2 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 XI X2 XI XI XI .... 46 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ta] 3LE . 3.— CYCLOTHEM 1 "^ II Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER G 1 J2 1 to C o 1 V 1 1 § I + J2 a a 5 a ID 3 8 < i 1 c3 1 1 V to Xi MEMBER NUMBER 19 41 48 51 66 67 67 68 70 71 72 74 76 77 78 79 81 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 23 2 2 7 3 3 8 2 2 23 18 4 10 1 23 5 1 Annelids Spirorbis anthracosia Whitlield X2 XI X2 XI X4 XI XI Worm tubes (Serpulopsis insita? White) XI XI X4 XI Trilobites Ditomopyge parvulus (Girty) XI Ditomopyge scitula (Meek and Worthen) X2 XI X2 XI Sevillia sevillensis Weller X4 Crustaceans XI Estheria ortoni Clarke XI X4 XI XI Ostracodes Amphissites alticostatus Bradfield XI Amphissites centronotus (Ulrich and Bassler). . XI XI XI Amphissites robustus Cooper Amphissites roundyi Knight Bairdia altifrons Knight Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler XI Bairdia crassa Harlton Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Bairdia menardensis Harlton Bairdia menardvillensis Harlton X2 X2 Bairdia peracuta Warthin Bairdia seminalis Knight Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield XI Bairdiacypris trojana (W^ilson) XI Carbonita sp. XI Cavellina angusta Cooper XI XI Cavellina bisecta Bradfield Cavellina cavellinoides (Bradfield) Cavellina cummingsi Payne Cavellina daubeana (Bradfield) Cavellina jejuna Coryell & Sample Cavellina rotunda Cooper CI XI C3 n Coryellites centralis (Coryell & Billings) Coryellites contracta Cooper Coryellites firma Kellett Coryellites ovata Cooper XI Coryellites palopintoensis (Coryell & Sample) Coryellites pediformis (Knight) XI XI Coryellites tomlinsonella Cooper A=:abunclant; C = common; X=:present; number = number of collections in which fossil was present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 47 Continued Summum St. David Brereton 1^ O 4) Spar- land Gimlet SS Trivoli J5 to c3 > o c 1 6 u a m i o 4 O JO V, ■> a Q J5 TO 3 o J5 to c o c U c JJO c o 3 O 1 U Xi I 1 + c o 4 d m (LI Xi to 4 3 O £! U JO c Xi to 3 O U _>. 4 150 X, to 3 § 1 U 151 jn 1 X \ 85 90 92 97 98 98 100 4 101 33 102 104 108 114 115 19 116 120 126 128 136 1 138 139 140 143 7 149 1 152 153 2 3 2 1 15 22 41 2 2 3 12 11 8 1 1 12 28 1 3 1 3 XI XI XI XI XI XI X6 XI X3 XI X2 XI XI X7 XI X5 XI X2 XI X2 XI X6 CI XI XI XI XI .... XI XI XI XI xi' X3 XI XI X3 X4 X2 XI XI XI XI X3 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI ?1 XI XI X4 X3 XI XI XI C8 XI X2 X4 X2 XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI X2 XI XI X? X2 XI X3 XI XI XI XI XI XI Xl' XI ?1 X2 XI XI XI Xl" XI XI XI XI X2 X3 XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 X2 XI XI XI XI X3 XI XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 XI XI X4 XI XI 48 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 3.— CYCLOTHEM 1 ^ Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER 1 19 s o si s 41 23 48 2 0) > s 66 7 Xi to M 67 3 .2 i u 67 3 § 68 8 "3) § o 70 2 1 JO + S Si U) 71 2 1 72 23 to < 74 18 i 1 76 4 1 77 10 1 78 1 8 1 79 23 1 1 81 5 si c o .s MEMBER NUMBER 51 2 8? NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 1 Ostracodes— Cont. E<^tnrlnmi'tp Jii o 5 i 1 o U (7) 1 1 a d I + in c .2 B a 3 O < 4 1 I 1 J3 1 a a a 1 JO 1 1 J5 MEMBER NUMBER 19 41 48 2 51 66 7 67 3 67 3 68 8 70 2 71 2 72 23 74 18 76 4 77 10 78 1 79 23 81 5 8? NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 23 2 1 Ostracodes— Cont . XI XI Roundyella simplicissirna (Knight) XI XI Sansabella carbonaria Cooper .... Sansabella exilis Cooper XI XI Sansabella laevis (Warthin) Sansabella sulcata Roundy Silenites lenticularis (Knight) Sulcella sulcata Coryell & Sample XI XI Waylandella bythocyproidea (Warthin) XI Waylandella sp Grinoids Allagecrinus sp. XI X4 C7 Crinoid, genus and species? C9 XI X3 XI XI X2 X3 X2 XI X2 X2 XI Delocrinus sp ... Ethelocrinus tuberculatus (Meek & Worthen).. Ethelocrinus sp. XI Stereobrachicrinus sp. .... XI Holothurolds X2 XI Miscellaneous plates . . . ... Protocaudina kansasensis (Hanna) X2 XI Ophluroids Ophiuroid plates and ossicles Echlnoids Echinocrinus aff . aculeata (Shumard & Swallow) Echinocrinus aiT. biangulata (Shumard & Swallow).. . Ek:hinocrinus aff. megastylus (Shumard & XI Echinocrinus sp. XI XI XI Gonodonts Gnathodus roundyi Gunnell XI Gondollela merrilli Gunnell Hibbardella sp. XI XI XI XI XI Idiognathodus delicatus Gunnell Ligonodina typa (Gunnell) X?l Lonchodina clarki (Gunnell) XI Metalonchodina sp. Neoprioniodus coniunctus (Gunnell). XI Ozarkodina delicatula (Stauffer & Plummer).. . Prioniodina? camerata (Gunnell) . A = abundant; C=:common; X = present; number = number of collections in which fossil was present. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 51 Continued Summum St. David Brereton Spar- land Gimlet «*l Trivoli J3 P9 CO § c3 i2 o c 1 o 6 97 1 4 it PQ 98 15 1 U 100 4 « 101 33 m 03 g s 5 102 41 tn _) 104 2 J5 to m 3 8 J3 1 + J3 U 5 s 136 Q CO 3 8 cfl g CO CO u 143 7 CO 1 CO 3 8 ;3 85 90 3 92 2 98 22 108 2 114 115 116 120 126 128 138 139 140 149 1 150 151 152 153 2 3 19 12 11 8 1 1 1 12 28 1 3 1 3 X3 XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI X2 XI .... X2 XI XI XI XI C14 C17 X6 Cll X2 XI X6 XI A5 X5 C7 CI XI CI C12 XI XI XI XI XI XI CI XI C2 XI XI XI XI XIO XI XI XI .... XI CI XI CI XI .... XI XI XI - XI XI XI XI X2 XI XI XI XI X3 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI X3 . . . . XI CI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 CI XI X2 XI XI XI XI XI .... X3 X2 X2 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI C6 XI XI XI XI XI XI 52 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ta BLE 3.- CYCLOTHEM if a; Green- bush Liverpool MEMBER 1 c o 48 2 o 5 66 7 J3 5 67 3 u c o U 67 3 03 68 8 o o u 70 2 00 o + 71 2 JOT c a 72 23 CO 3 s 1 'bi < 74 18 1 76 4 a .« 1 77 10 4 1 78 1 s 1 79 23 JO V 1 81 J5 1 MEMBER NUMBER 19 41 51 2 82 NUMBER OF COLLECTIONS 19 23 1 Conodonts— Cont. XI Streptognathodus cancellosus (Gunnell) Streptognathodus excelsus Stauflfer & Plummer Streptognathodus gracilis Stauffer & Plummer . XI Streptognathodus wabaunseensis Gunnell Vertebrates Ptpnaranf hns sn XI XI Xl XI XI Fish teeth undetermined X2 XI XI Petalodus sp. XI XI XI Pleuracanthus sp. Xystrodus bellulus St John &. Worthen A=abundant; C=common; X=present; number=number of collections in which fossil was present. Table 4. — Collecting Localities 1. SEV4 SWy4 SEV4 sec. 22, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Seville limestone (member 19) by C. L. Cooper (614) for microfauna. 2. SEV4 SWV4 SEV4 sec. 5, T. 2 N., R. 2 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Seville limestone (member 19) and underlying dark shale (member 18) by C. L. Cooper (476-1) for microfauna. 3. NEy4 SWV4 SEiA sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Seville limestone (member 19) by J. M. Weller. 4. SEy4 NEy4 sec. 10, T. 7 N., R. 1 E., Avon quadrangle. Collections from Se- ville limestone (member 19) by T. E. Savage and J. M. Weller. 5. SEy4 NEy4 SE14 sec. 22, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Railroad cut of T. P. & W. R. R. Collections from Se- ville limestone (member 19) by T. E. Savage, J. M. Weller, and H. R. Wan- less. 6. SEik SWy4 NEy4 sec. 23, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collections from Seville limestone (member 19) at type locality by J. M. Weller and L. G. Henbest (G7 - fusulinids). 7. Wy2 NEy4 sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Seville limestone (member 19) by J. M. Weller. 8. SEy4 SWy4 sec. 11, T. 7 N., R. 1 E., Avon quadrangle. Collection from Se- ville limestone (member 19) by J. M. Weller. 9. Center sec. 4, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Avon quadrangle. Collection from Seville limestone (member 19) by J. M. Weller. 10. SWy4 sec. 22, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle, near old Leaman station. Collection from Seville limestone (mem- ber 19) by T. E. Savage. 11. SWy4 NE14 sec. 16, T. 4 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Sea- borne limestone (member 41) by C. L. Cooper (613-lM) and L. G. Henbest (542). Sy2 SEy4 sec. 5, T. 3 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from Sea- borne limestone (member 41) at type locality by H. R. Wanless and C. L. Cooper (6i6-lM). SEy4 sec. 26, T. 3 N., R. 1 W., Beards- town quadrangle. Shale pit at Ray. Col- lection from Seahorne limestone (mem- ber 41) by W. V. Searight. SEy4 swy4 SEy4 sec. 27, t. 3 n., r. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Seahorne limestone (member 41) by W. V. Searight. SWy4 SEy4 NEy4 sec. 32, T. 2 N., R. 1 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Seahorne limestone (member 41) by W. V. Searight. 12 13 14 15 PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 53 Summum St. David Brereton it Spar- land Gimlet W;5 Trivoli 5 .1 u a d 90 > o c 1 d en § 03 a; ili u & 101 j3 1 u CO 1 C u .13 P3 J3 03 03 U (2 + 03 0) s Xi M u 5 1 4 Q 03 03 1 140 03 3 s cti U X! Xi 03 5 3 o u 1 H 152 3 1 85 92 97 98 98 100 102 104 108 114 115 116 120 126 128 136 138 1 139 143 149 150 151 153 2 3 2 1 15 22 4 33 41 2 2 3 19 12 11 8 ^ 1 12 28 7 1 1 3 1 3 XI XI X2 XI X3 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI ■ XI XI XI XI XI XI X2 XI C4 X2 XI X2 XI XI .... C5 XI XI XI XI XI XI XI XI i 16. Sec. 31, T. 2 N., R. 1 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Mill Creek. Collections from Seaborne limestone (member 41), Liverpool cyclotbem black sheety shale and large concretions (member 67), and siliceous limestone (member 68) by W. V. Searight and J. M. Weller. 17. SWV4 SWV4 NEV^ sec. 7, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by W. V. Searight. 18. SWV4 SWy* SWV4 sec. 26, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by W. V. Searight and J. M. Weller. 19. SE14 sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Road cut south of Marietta toward Marietta station. Collections from Seaborne limestone (member 41), Liverpool cyclothem black limestone (member 66), and Oak Grove septarian limestone (member 72) by J. M. Weller. 20. NEi/4 NWy4 sec. 20, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by J. M. Weller. 21. NEi^ SW^A NEi^ sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 2 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by H. 22. NEi/4 SEi^'sec. 30, T. 4 N., R. 8 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from Sea- borne limestone (member 41) by L. G. Henbest (498) and H. R. Wanless. 23. NWV4 SWy4 sec. 36, T. 5 N., R. 2 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by H. R. Wanless. 24. SEV4 NWy4 sec. 7, T. 4 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Seaborne limestone (member 41) by H. R. Wanless. 25. SEy4 SEy4 sec. 25, T. 4 N., R. 2 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Sea- borne limestone (member 41) by H. R. Wanless. 26. SEy4 NEy4 sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 2 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Sea- borne limestone (member 41) by H. R. Wanless. 27. SWy4 SEy4 sec. 15, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Greenbusb cyclothem underclay lime- stone (member 48) by J. M. Weller. 28. Hollow east of Marietta, probably in sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quad- rangle. Collection from Greenbush cy- clothem underclay limestone (member 48). 29. Sec. 23, T. 5 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quad- rangle. Collections from Greenbush cy- clothem limestone (member 51) by H. R. Wanless and J. M. Weller. 30. SWy4 SWi/4 sec. 28, T. 5 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Greenbush cyclothem limestone (mem- ber 51) by H. R. Wanless. 54 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 31. SWy4 sec. 36, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from upper part of Francis Creek shale (member 64) by H. R. Wanless. 32. SWy4 SWy^ sec. 14, T. 6 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem black limestone (member 66) by J. M. Weller. 33. SWy* SEl^ sec. 35, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem black limestone (member 66). 34. SWy4 SEy4 SEy4 sec. 14, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem black sheety shale (member 67) by W. V. Searight. 35. MWy4 SEy4 sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from Liverpool cyclothem black sheety shale (member 67) by H. R. Wanless; sili- ceous limestone (member 68) by C. L. Cooper 553b (M) argillaceous limestone (member 74) by C. L. Cooper (486aM) and Linoproductus limestone (member 79) by L. G. Henbest (538). 36. NWy4 NEy4 NEy4 sec. 15, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from large black concretions in Liver- pool cyclothem black sheety shale (member 67) and siliceous limestone (member 68) by W. V. Searight. 37. SEy4 NEy4 NEy4 sec. 16, T. 18 N., R. 11 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem siliceous lime- stone (member 68) by W. V. Searight. 38. Sec. 4, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem siliceous limestone (member 68) by W. V. Searight. 39. SEi/4 NWy4 sec. 22, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem siliceous limestone (member 68) by H. R. Wanless. 40. SWy4 NWV4. sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem siliceous limestone (member 68) by H. R. Wanless. 41. NW^A NWy4 sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from type locality of Liverpool cyclothem from shale (member 69) below sep- tarlan limestone, Mesolobus bed (mem- ber 76), and Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77) by H. R. Wanless. 42. SWy4 SEy* sec. 6, T. 5 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from type locality of Oak Grove beds of Liverpool cyclothem from calcareous shale (mem- ber 69), septarian limestone (member 72), calcareous shale (member 74), Mesolobus shale (member 76), Cardio- morpha limestone (member 77), Lino- prodiictus limestone (member 79), cal- careous ironstone (member 81), and base of Purington shale (member 82) by H. R. Wanless. Collection from member 74 by C. L. Cooper 487c (M). 43. NE14 SW14 sec. 34, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from Liverpool cyclothem conglomerate (member 70), septarian limestone (member 72), Linoproductus limestone (member 79) by H. R. Wanless. 44. Center NWy4 sec. 35, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from Liverpool cyclothem conglomerate (member 70), septarian limestone (mem- ber 72), calcareous shale (member 74), Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77), Linoproductus limestone (member 79), and calcareous ironstone (member 81) by T. E. Savage. 45. NWy4 NWy4 sec. 13, T. 5 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem septarian limestone (member 72) by J. M. Weller. 46. SWy4 NWi/4 NEy4 sec. 29, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem septarian limestone (member 72) by H. R. Wan- less. 47. NEy4 NE14 sec. 7, T. 5 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Liv- erpool cyclothem septarian limestone (member 72) by H. R. Wanless. 48. SWy4 SEy* sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from Liv- erpool cyclothem septarian limestone (member 72), Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77), and Linoproductus lime- stone (member 79), by H. R. Wanless. 49. SEy4 NWy* sec. 5, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Liv- erpool septarian limestone (member 72) by H. R. Wanless. 50. Center sec. 12, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Canton quadrangle. Collections from Liverpool cyclothem septarian limestone (member 72), calcareous shale (member 74), Mesolobus shale (member 76), Cardio- morpha limestone (member 77), Lino- productus limestone (member 79), and ironstone (member 81) by T. E. Sav- age. 51. NW14 NEy* NEy* sec. 29, T. 5 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem calcareous shale (member 74) by J. M. Weller. 52. SE14 NWy4 sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Liv- erpool cyclothem calcareous shale (member 74) by H. R. Wanless. 53. NWy* NWy* sec. 33, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem calcareous shale (member 74) and Linoproductus lime- stone (member 79) by H. R. Wanless. 54. NE14 SW^A sec. 36, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Liverpool cyclothem calcareous shale (member 74), Linoproductus limestone (member 79) and ironstone (member 81) by H. R. Wanless. 55. NWi/4 SEi^ sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from Car- diomorpha limestone (member 77) and Linoproductus limestone (member 79) by H. R. Wanless. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 55 56. NEV* NEV^ sec. 12, T. 5 N., R. 2 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77) by H. R. Wanless. 57. NEV4 SEVi sec. 33, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from Cardiomorpha limestone (member 77), Linoproductus limestone (member 79), and ironstone (member 81) by H. R. Wanless. 58. SEy4 SEVi sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Ldnoproductus limestone (member 79) by H. R. Wanless. 59. Sec. 20, T. 5 N., R. 1 E., Vermont quad- rangle. Collection from Linoproductus limestone (member 79) by H. R. Wan- 60. SWi/4 SWy4 sec. 8, T. 4 N., R. 2 E., Vermont quadrangle. Collection from black sheety shale over coal probably Kerton Creek coal (member 84) by L. G. Henbest (453). 61. NWVi NEV4 sec. 29, T. 5 N.,^ R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from black sheety shale over coal probably Kerton Creek coal (member 84) by H. R. Wanless. 62. SW14 NE % NEV4 sec. 15, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from concretions in Summum cyclothem dark shale (member 90) by W. V. Sea- right. 63. SWy4 SWl^ NE^A sec. 15, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from concretions in Summum cyclothem dark shale (member 90) by W. V. Sea- right. 64. SEi/4 sec. 35, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from concretions in Summum cyclothem dark shale (mem- ber 90) by H. R. Wanless. 65. NEV4 NEV4 SWy4 sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Hanover limestone (member 92). 66. NWV4 SWV4 sec. 22, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Hanover limestone (member 92) by H. R. Wanless. 67. NEV4 NEy4 sec. 29, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from upper 1 inch of Springfield No. 5 coal (member 97) and St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 68. SEV4 NEV4 NW^A sec. 22, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from St. David black sheety shale (member 98) bv W. V. Searight. 69. NEV4 NWV4 NE14 sec. 1, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98). 70. NVz SWV4 sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) and St. David lime- stone (member 101) by W. V. Searight and J. M. Weller. 71. SWy4 SEi^ NW14 sec. 23, T. 3 N., R. 1 E., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), concretions in mem- ber 98 and St. David limestone (mem- ber 101) by W. V. Searight and J. M. Weller. 72. SEy4 SWy4 sec. 27, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), by H. R. Wanless. 73. NEy4 SWy4 sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), large black concretions in member 98, and St. David limestone (member 101) by H. R. Wanless. 74. SWV4. NWy4 sec. 28, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), calcareous shale (mem- ber 102), and limestone and calcareous shale (member 104) in Canton shale by H. R. Wanless. 75. NWy4 NEy4 sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98). 76. Sec. 1, T. 7 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quad- rangle. Collection from St. David cy- clothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 77. SEy4 sec. 36, T. 1 N., R. 1 W., Beards- town quadrangle. Upper Mill Creek. Collections from St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), large black concretions in member 98, St. David limestone (member 101), and cal- careous shale (member 102) by T. E. Savage, W. V. Searight and J. M. Weller. 78. Sec. 9, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Canton quadran- gle. (Collections from concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), St. David limestone (member 101), and St. David calcareous shale (member 102) by J. M. Weller. 79. NV2 NV2 sec. 3, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Ver- mont quadrangle. Collections from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98), St. David limestone (member 101) (L. G. Hen- best) ; and calcareous shale (member 102) by J. M. Weller, W. V. Searight, T. E. Savage, and L. G. Henbest. Sta- tion 450. 80. NW^A sec. 15, T. 3 N., R. 2 E., Beards- town quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) by W. V. Searight. 81. NE14 NWy4 NWy4 sec. 30, T. 7 N., R. 7 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cy- clothem black sheety shale (member 98) by A. C. Bevan. ' 82. NWy4 NEyt SWy4 sec. 23, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cy- clothem black sheety shale (member 98) by W. V. Searight. 56 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 83. SE^A sec. 19, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from large con- cretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) and calcare- ous shale (member 102) by T. E. Sav- age. 84. NEy4 NWi/4 sec. 1, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 85. SEVi SWy4 sec. 26, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from large concretions in St. David cyclo- them black sheety shale (member 98) and calcareous shale (member 100) by H. R. Wanless, and H. L. Geis (Cooper collection 616). 86. N. center sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 87. NEV^ NEi^ sec. 25, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Manito quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) and St. David limestone (member 101) by H. R. Wanless. 88. SEVi NW14 sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) and calcare- ous shale (member 102) by H. R. Wan- less 89. NWi/4 SWVd sec. 32, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cyclothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 90. NWi^ SWV4 NEV4 sec. 13, T. 5 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from large concretions in St. David cy- clothem black sheety shale (member 98) by H. R. Wanless. 91. NWi/4 SWV4 NEy4 sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from calcareous shale (member 100) below St. David limestone by H. L. Geis (Cooper collection 488c). 92. NE14 SWV4 SWV4 sec. 25, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstow^n quadrangle. Collections from calcareous shale (member 100) below St. David limestone and St. David limestone (member 101) by W. V. Sea- right. 93. SE14 SEy4 NEi^ sec. 1, T. 6 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from calcareous shale (member 100) below St. David limestone and St. David lime- stone (member 101) by A. C. Bevan. 94. Sec. 35, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from shale part- ings in St. David limestone (member 101) for microfossils by H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 773-1). 95. NEi^ SW^A NEy4 sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102), the limestone by W. V. Searight. 96. NWi/4 NEiA NW^i sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collec- tions from St. David limestone (mem- ber 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by W. V. Sea- right and J. M. Weller. 97. NEi^ NWy4 SWy4 sec. 33, T. 7 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) by A. C. Bevan. 98. SEi/4 SWy4 NEy4 sec. 26, T. 7 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by A. C. Bevan. 99. SWi/4 SWy4 sec. 27, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by L. G. Henbest. 100. NEy4 SEi^ sec. 29, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by H. R. Wanless. 101. NEy4 SE14 sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by H. R. Wanleas and C. L. Cooper (collection 617M from member 102). 102. SWy4 NWy4 sec. 23, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from St. David limestone (member 101) and calcareous shale (member 102) over the limestone by H. R. Wanless. 103. NWi/4 NEy4 sec. 30, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David limestone (member 101) by H. R. Wanless. 104. SEy4 SWy4 sec. 17, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by C. L. Cooper (615M). 105. NWy4 SWi^ NE14 sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by H. L. Geis (Cooper collection 488A). 106. Center SW^A sec. 25, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 772-2) and W. V. Searight. 107. SWi/4 NWy4 SEy4 sec. 36, T. 7 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by A. C. Bevan. 108. SW% SEi/4 SW^A sec. 12, T. 7 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by A. C. Bevan. 109. SEi^ NWy4 sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by J. M. Weller. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 57 110. NWi/4 sec. 28, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by J. M. Weller. 111. Sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Havana quad- rangle. Collection from St. David cyclo- them calcareous shale (member 102) by T. E. Savage. 112. SWi/4 sec. 8, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Canton quadrangle. Collection from St. David cyclothem calcareous shale (member 102) by T. E. Savage. 113. Sec. 9, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Canton quad- rangle. Collection from St. David cy- clothem calcareous shale (member 102) by T. E. Savage. 114. Sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 4 E., Havana quad- rangle. Collection from St. David cyclo- them calcareous shale (member 102) by T. E. Savage. 115. NWy* NWV4. NEV^ sec. 21, T. 7 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from limestone and calcareous shale (member 104) in Canton shale by A. C. Bevan. 116. NEV* NWi/4 sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from limestone (member 108) above Cuba sandstone by H. R. Wanless and C. L. Cooper (618). 117. iSEVi SWi/4 NWi/4 sec. 1, T. 7 N., R. 4 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from dark shale (member 114) over No. 6 coal, Brereton limestone (member 115), and calcareous shale (member 116) by C. L. Cooper (489B from mem- ber 114, 514a from member 116), J. M. Weller and L. G. Henbest (Station 543). 118. SWV4 NEy4 sec. 19, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collections from dark shale (member 114) over No. 6 coal and Brereton limestone (member 115) by C. L. Cooper (485 from member 114), L. G. Henbest (stations 539 and 585 from member 115), and H. R. Wan- less 119. SE14 SWi/4 sec. 19, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collections from dark shale (member 114) over No. 6 coal by C. L. Cooper (554). 120. Center SWV^ sec. 25, T. 2 N., R. 1 .W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections from Brereton limestone (member 115) and Pokeberry limestone (member 120), and Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale (member 127) by W. V. Searight and H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 772-1). 121. SEV4 SE% NE14 sec. 22, T. 7 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from Brereton limestone (member 115) and calcareous shale (member 116) by A. C. Bevan. 123. SEV4 NWy* sec. 15, T. 7 N., R. 4 E., Canton quadrangle. Collections from Brereton limestone (member 115) and calcareous shale (member 116) by J. M. Weller. 124. NE14 sec. 1, T. 7 N., R. 4 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections at type locality of Brereton cyclothem from Brereton limestone (member 115) and calcareous shale (member 116) by J. M. Weller, L. G. Henbest (582 and G9 from mem- ber 115); collections from bed 116 by C. L. Cooper (514a) and H. R. Wanless. 125. SEVi SWy* sec. 20, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Ha- vana quadrangle. Collection from Brereton limestone (member 115) by H. R. Wanless. 126. SWV4 SWy* sec. 20, T. 6 N., R. 3 E., Havana quadrangle. Collection from Brereton limestone (member 115) by H. R. Wanless. 127. SWy* sec. 4, T. 8 N., R. 4 E., Canton quadrangle. Collection from Brereton limestone (member 115) by J. M. Wel- ler. 128. NEl^ NEi/4 SW^A sec. 11, T. 8 N., R. 7 E., Peoria quadrangle. Collection from Brereton limestone (member 115) by L. G. Henbest (546). 129. Ny2 NWy* sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collections at locality of Pokeberry cyclothem from type Pokeberry limestone (member 120) by W. V. Searight, J. M. Weller, and H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 456-1). 130. SEy4 NEy4 SEi^ sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Pokeberry limestone (member 120) by W. V. Searight. 131. NWi/4 NWi/4 sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beardstown quadrangle. Collection from Pokeberry limestone (member 120) by W. V. Searight. 132. NWy* sec. 35, T. 2 N., R. 1 W., Beards- town quadrangle. Collection from Poke- berry limestone (member 120) by J. M. Weller. 133. SWy4 NWi/4 sec. 33, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by H. R. Wanless and A. C. Bevan. 134. Sec. 31, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quad- rangle. Collection from Sparland cyclo- them calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 771). 135. NEy4 NW14 NEi^ sec. 32, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by E. C. Dap- ples (Cooper collection 85-1). 136. NWy4 NWy4 NEi^ sec. 20, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 80-1). 137. NEy4 SEi^ NEi/4 sec. 25, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by A. C. Bevan. 138. SW14 SEy4 NWy4 sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland cyclothem calcareous shale and limestone (member 126) by E. C. DanT)les (Cooper collection 92). 139. SW^A NWi^ SEi^ sec. 31, T. 9 N., R. 7 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from shale (member 139) below Lons- 58 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY dale limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 94-1) and from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Wel- ler. 140. SWy4 NEVi SWy4 sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 7 E., Peoria quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lonsdale limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper col- lection 93). 141. NEVi SWy^ NEi^ sec. 34, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone by H. L. Geis (Cooper collection 481) and Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member 143) by A. C. Bevan and J. M. Weller. 142. SWy* SEi/4 NWi^ sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone and Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collections 60-2 and 60-1). 143. SWy4 SWy^ NWy4 sec. 28, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone and Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collections 81-2 and 81-1). 144. NEy4 SWy4 NWi^ sec. 28, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lonsdale limestone by H. L. Geis (Cooper collec- tion 483). 145. NWy4 SE14 NEiA sec. 11, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone; bed 140 Lonsdale lime- stone. Collections by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collections 34-1, 34-2, 79-1 and 79-2). 146. NEy4 NEy4 NWy4 sec. 20, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 78-1). 147. NW14 NEy4 NWy* sec. 24, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lons- dale limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 89-1). 148. NWy4 NWy4 SE^t sec. 7, T. 8 N., R. 7 E., Peoria quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lonsdale limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper col- lection 96-1). 149. SWy4 NWy4 sec. 28, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from shale (member 139) below Lonsdale limestone by H. R. Wanless. 150. NEy4 NWi^ NWy4 sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 69). 151. SWy4 NWy4 NE14 sec. 10, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller and E. C. Dapples (Cooper collections 83-1, 83-2, and 83-3). 152. NWy4 SEy4 NW14 sec. 17, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 82-1). 153. NWy4 sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller and H. R. Wanless. 154. SWy* sec. 5, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from Gimlet limestone (member 136), black shale (member 138), and Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller, H. R. Wanless, and T. E. Savage. 155. Center SV2 sec. 34, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 156. NWy4 sec. 34, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glas- ford quadrangle. Collection from Lons- dale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 157. Center SW^^ sec. 15, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 158. Center Wy2 SWV^ sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 159. SEi/4 sec. 32, T. 9 N., R 7 E., Peoria quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 160. SEy4 sec. 4, T. 8 N., R. 7 E., Peoria quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by J. M. Weller. 161. NEy4 SWy4 SWy4 sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Lonsdale limestone (member 140) by A. C. Bevan. 162. Sec. 31, T. 6 N., R. 2 E., Vermont quad- rangle. Collection from blocks of Lons- dale limestone (member 140) from gla- cial drift in Baughman branch by J. M. Weller. 163. NEy* SEy4 NWy4 sec. 5, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Exline black limestone (member 142) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collec- tion 61) and J. M. Weller. 164. NWy4 NEy4 SEy4 sec. 33, T. 9 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member 143) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 91). 165. SWV4. SE14 NWy4 sec. 15, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member 143) by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 63-1). 166. NEy4 NEy4 SE14 sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member 143) by H. R. Wanless (Cooper collection 770). 167. SW^A NEy4 sec. 21, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Exline cyclothem calcareous shale (member i43) by H. R. Wanless. PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNAS 59 168. NEy4 SWi/4 SWy* sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collections at type locality of Trivoli cyclothem from shaly limestone (member 149), black sheety shale (member 150), cal- careous shale (member 151) below Triv- oli limestone (Cooper collection 417), Trivoli limestone (member 152), and calcareous shale (member 153) above Trivoli limestone by H. L. Geis (Cooper collection 147 from member 151), H. R. Wanless, and A. C. Bevan. 169. NWy* SEi/4 NWi/4 sec. 15, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from calcareous shale (member 151) be- low Trivoli limestone by E. C. Dapples (Cooper collection 64-1). 170. NEV4 SW^ NEi/4 sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 5 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from calcareous shale (member 153) above Trivoli limestone by E. C. Dap- ples (Cooper collection 62-1.) 171. SWy* NW14 NEy^ sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 6 E., Glasford quadrangle. Collection from Sparland black shale (member 128) by H. R. Wanless. Numerous collections made by the late T. E. Savage in the Vermont and Canton quadrangles are not listed here because the exact locations for the col- lections are in doubt. Most of these collections are small and include only a small variety of the more common fossils, generally included in lists from other localities. REFERENCES Bean, Beryl K., 1938, Ostracodes of the Gim- let cyclothem (Pennsylvanian) near Peo- ria: Unpublished Master of Science thesis, University of Illinois. Cline, L. M., and Burma, B. H., 1949, Paleo- ecological study of the Pennsylvanian Ex- line limestone of Iowa and Missouri (abst.) : Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., v. 60, p. 1880- 1881. Cooper, C. L., 1946, Pennsylvanian ostracodes of Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70. Dunbar, C. O., and Henbest, L. G., 1942, Pennsylvanian fusulinidae of Illinois: Illi- nois Geol. Survey Bull. 67. Elias, M. K., 1937, Depth of deposition of the Big Blue (Late Paleozoic) sediments in Kansas: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., v. 48, p. 403- 432. Girty, G. H., 1915, Paleontology: in Strati- graphy of the Pennsylvanian series in Missouri, by H. Hinds and F. C. Greene: Missouri Bur. Geol. & Mines, v. 13, p. 263- 376. Knight, J. B., 1930-1934, The gastropods of the St. Louis, Mo., Pennsylvanian outlier: Jour. Paleon., v. 4, supp. 1; v. 5, p. 1-15, 177-229; v. 6, p. 189-202; v. 7, p. 30-58, 359-392; v. 8, p. 139-166, 433-447. Rhodes, F. H. T., 1952, A classification of Pennsylvanian conodont assemblages : Jour. Paleon., v. 26, p. 886-901. Rich, J. L., 1951, Three critical environ- ments of deposition, and criteria for recog- nition of rocks deposited in each of them: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 62, p. 1-20. Ulrich, E. 0., 1890, Paleozoic bryozoa: Geol. Survey of Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 283-678. Waldo, A. W., 1928, The Lonsdale limestone and its fauna in Illinois: Unpublished Mas- ter of Science thesis, University of Illinois. Wanless, H. R., 1929, Geology and mineral resources of the Alexis quadrangle, Illi- nois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 57. Wanless, H. R., 1956, Classification of the Pennsylvanian rocks of Illinois as of 1956: Illinois Geol. Survey Circ. 217. Wanless, H. R., 1957, Geology and mineral resources of the Beardstown, Glasford, Ha- vana, and Vermont quadrangles, Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 82. Wanless, H. R., and Merrill, W. M., 1951, Evidence of eustatic change in sea level in the Pennsylvanian of the southwestern United States (abst.) : Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., V. 62, p. 1487. Weller, J. M., and McGehee, J. R., 1933, Typ'cal form and range of Mesolohus me- solobus: Jour. Paleon., v. 7, p. 109-110. Worthen, a. H., 1870, Fulton County: Geol. Survey of Illinois, vol. IV, p. 90-110. Zangerl, R., and Richardson, E. S., Jr., 1955, Ecologic history of a tran'^gressing Penn- sylvanian sea near Mecca, Indiana (abst.) : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 66, p. 1639. Illinois State Geological Survey Report of Investigations 205 59 p., 2 figs., 4 tables, 1957