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 University of Illinois 
 
 Library at 
 
 Urbana-Champaign 
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 Agricultural Experiment Station 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126 
 
 DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS EOR CORN IN 
 THE ILLINOIS CORN BELT 
 
 BY ALBERT N. HUME, O. D. CENTER 
 AND LEONARD HEGNAUER 
 
 URBANA, ILLINOIS, JULY, 1908 
 
SUMMARY OF BULLETIN No. 126 
 
 1. In the northern part of the corn belt of Illinois, the largest 
 yields have been secured from ordinary land by planting" corn in 
 hills 36 inches apart both ways with three kernels per hill. Page 366 
 
 2. In central Illinois, on ordinary brown silt loam prairie land 
 that ordinarily produces more than fifty bushels of corn per acre, 
 corn planted in hills 39.6 inches each way with three kernels per hill 
 has produced the largest yields. Page 367 
 
 3. In the same part of the corn belt on land that ordinarily 
 produces less than fifty bushels of corn per acre, corn planted in hills 
 36 inches each way with two kernels per hill has produced the larg- 
 est yields. Page 367 
 
DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN IN 
 THE ILLINOIS CORN BELT 
 
 BY ALBERT N. HUME, ASSOCIATE IN CROP PRODUCTION, 
 
 O. D. CENTER, FIRST ASSISTANT IN CROP PRODUCTION, 
 
 AND LEONARD HEGNAUER, ASSISTANT IN CROPS 
 
 By far the greater part of the corn area of Illinois is annually 
 planted in check rows. It is not the purpose of the present bulle- 
 tin to prove the advantage of this method of planting corn, since it 
 is assumed that it is the method that will remain in vogue on account 
 of the comparative ease with which corn in check rows can be culti- 
 vated and kept clear of weeds. It is the purpose of this bulletin to 
 report the progress of an investigation to determine the distance 
 apart at which hills of corn must be checked to return the highest 
 and most profitable yields and as a corollary to this to determine 
 whether the planting of two kernels per hill at closer distances may 
 give any better distribution of stalks than the planting of three ker- 
 nels per hill at greater distances. 
 
 PLAN OF EXPERIMENT 
 
 A good many experiments have been conducted at the several 
 experiment stations in the United States for the purpose of deter- 
 mining the proper thickness for planting corn. Obviously this prob- 
 lem is one of importance throughout the entire corn belt, but its 
 solution is to a great extent a local problem and results from one 
 locality might not be directly applicable to another with a different 
 soil or climate. Moreover it is found by inspecting reports from 
 the several experiment stations, including the Ontario Experiment 
 Station at Guelph, Canada, that much of the experimental work 
 done in this connection has taken into account differences in the 
 number of stalks in each hill or row rather than varying the distance 
 apart of the hills or rows. 
 
 Some such experiments were carried out by the Illinois Experi- 
 ment Station and are summarized in Bulletin 31. This pre- 
 vious work which contributes indirectly to the present study will 
 be referred to later. The present experiments are arranged in a 
 way to vary the thickness of planting corn by increasing or decreas- 
 ing the distances between rows, in both directions. This accords with 
 the theory that in order to make the most perfect growth each corn 
 plant should have its allotted amount of soil space with as little in- 
 
 357 
 
358 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 
 
 terference from neighboring corn plants as possible. Accordingly 
 the experiments were arranged so that hills of corn could be checked 
 on different plots at distances ranging from 33 inches to 44 inches 
 between the hills. In addition to the plots that were in exact accord 
 with these measurements there were intermediate ones that fur- 
 nished substantial duplicates. In order that the plan may be more 
 clear the following diagram is given. 
 
 This in reality shows the outline of the distance experiment field 
 at Sibley, Illinois, in 1904, but it illustrates the general plan of the 
 distance experiments on all the fields in all years. 
 
 PLAN OF DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS EXPERIMENT, SIBLEY FIELD, 1904 
 (Figures in small squares indicate distance of hills apart in inches) 
 
 3 Kernels per hill. 
 
 2 Kernels per hill. 
 
 3 Kernels per hill. 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 39.6 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 DIVISION B. 
 
 DIVISION C. 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 39.6 
 
 39.6 
 
 X 
 
 39.6 
 
 39.6 
 
 X 
 
 36 
 
 39.6 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 36 
 
 39.6 
 
 X 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 X 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 44 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 39.6 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 X 
 
 33 
 
 DIVISION D. 
 
 DIVISION E. 
 
 DIVISION F. 
 
 DIVISION G. 
 
 DIVISION H. 
 
 DIVISION I. 
 
 In the diagram above, each large division contains 64 square rods and each 
 small one 4 square rods. 
 
zpo<?.] DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 359 
 
 The field experiments upon which this bulletin is based have 
 been in progress since 1903, and have been carried out on seven 
 different fields. The land in each of these fields is representative 
 of the largest areas of the section of the state in which it is 
 situated. In northern Illinois in 1903 the experiment was con- 
 ducted on a field located northeast of Myrtle, in Ogle county. This 
 same field was used in 1904. In 1905, the field, which was used for 
 this and similar experiments, was located near Sycamore, DeKalb 
 county. For the work of 1906, and subsequently, a more perma- 
 nent field was secured, which is located about one mile south of 
 DeKalb, DeKalb county. 
 
 In the southern part of the corn belt of Illinois this experiment 
 has been continued every year since 1903 on fields at Sibley, in 
 Ford county, and at XJrbana, in Champaign county. During two 
 of the years, 1904 and 1905, experiments were also made on two 
 different fields located near Mattoon, in Coles county. 
 
 Obviously, results obtained from the northern part of a large 
 state like Illinois will not necessarily apply to another section of 
 the state. It is assumed, however, that results from fields at Myrtle, 
 Sycamore, and DeKalb may be averaged, all being representative of 
 the northern section of Illinois, and results from fields at Sibley, 
 Urbana, and Mattoon, in the southern section may be averaged in 
 like manner, as applying to that part of the Illinois corn belt. 
 
 Practically all the fields away from Urbana from which these 
 results were taken have been planted with machinery. Planting at 
 Urbana has always been done by hand, in the thought that a little 
 more accurate planting may be done by that means. The check 
 wires used at outside fields were so made that the first nine hills 
 were checked 44 inches apart, the next ten hills 39.6 inches apart, 
 the next eleven hills 36 inches apart, and the next twelve hills 33 
 inches apart, each of these series being two rods long. The series 
 were repeated as many times as practicable according to the size 
 of the field. Also where the planters were used the distance be- 
 tween the planter shoes was changed so that it would correspond to 
 the lengths of links of the check wire. 
 
 From the above plan it can be seen that the distance experiment 
 on the Sibley field was repeated six times in 1904 for the three-ker- 
 nel plots and three times for the two-kernel plots. It must be evi- 
 dent that with work of this kind many duplicate plots are necessary 
 in order that averages may be true. Differences of soil and season 
 cannot be equalized without the use of many plots during several 
 seasons. 
 
360 BULLETIN No. 126. [July, 
 
 Corn checked in hills 44 inches apart each way with two kernels 
 per hill should grow theoretically 6480 stalks per acre; 39.6 inches 
 apart, 8000 stalks per acre ; 36 inches apart, 9680 stalks per acre ; 
 and 33 inches apart, 11,520 stalks per acre. Corn checked in rec- 
 tangles at distances intermediate between these given will grow in- 
 termediate numbers of stalks per acre. Supposing that hills be 
 checked with three kernels instead of two, the 44-inch rows should 
 have theoretically 9720 stalks per acre; the 39.6-inch rows, 12,000 
 stalks per acre; the 36-inch rows, 14,520 stalks per acre; and the 
 33-inch rows, 17,280 stalks per acre. In like manner, as in the case 
 of the 2-kernel plots, the corn checked in rectangles at intermediate 
 distances will have intermediate numbers of stalks per acre. 
 
 It should be clearly understood that even under the most ideal 
 field conditions for experimental work some stalks of corn are 
 likely to be missing and an imperfect stand result. The stands of 
 corn on plots reported in this bulletin were in some instances much 
 better than others, but stands on all plots reported in the same series 
 were comparable with each other. If the stand was very defective 
 or if for any other reason the yield of any plot was known to be ab- 
 normal, the yield of the plot was not considered in making up aver- 
 ages. The averages are made up of the actual yields, harvested 
 from the plots, and may therefore be taken as representative of field 
 conditions in the part of the corn belt they represent. 
 
 For the purpose of this bulletin all plots were put into fourteen 
 groups. The kinds of plots in the several groups are explained in 
 the following table : 
 
 The numbers in the first column refer simply to the 14 kinds of 
 plots, each succeeding one allowing for an increased number of 
 stalks per acre over that of the preceding. Column 2 refers to the 
 distance of the hills apart in the various groups of plots. It will be 
 noted that in each of the groups 3, 4, and 5, there is a slight varia- 
 tion in distance apart of hills among the plots considered in making 
 up the average, but this variation is so slight that the plots are 
 practical duplicates. Column 3 gives the number of stalks per 
 acre that would theoretically result from planting at the several 
 distances. Column 4 refers to the number of plots, in each division 
 which necessarily fall into the several groups. In case there is 
 only one plot in a division of a given distance its yield per acre is 
 the one put down for such plots in the tables. In other cases where 
 there are two plots in one group, the average yield of these plots 
 is the one put down in Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9. The yields of corn 
 for 1904 reported in this bulletin are in terms of air-dry shelled 
 
1908.} 
 
 DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 
 
 361 
 
 TABLE i. DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS IN THE SEVERAL PLOTS, NUMBER OF STALKS 
 PER ACRE AND NUMBER OF PLOTS USED IN MAKING AVERAGES 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Number 
 of 
 group. 
 
 Distance 
 between hills 
 (inches). 
 
 Number 
 of stalks 
 per acre. 
 
 Number of plots 
 used in making- 
 each average. 
 
 1 
 
 44 x44 
 
 6480 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 36 x 44 
 
 8000 
 7920 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 33x44 
 36x39.6 
 
 8640 
 8800 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 36x36 
 33 x39.6 
 
 9680 
 9600 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 33x36 
 
 10560 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 33 x33 
 
 11520 
 
 1 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 8 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 9720 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 44 x39.6 
 
 10800 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 39.6x39.6 
 36x44 
 
 12000 
 11880 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 33x44 
 36 x 39.6 
 
 12960 
 13200 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 36x36 
 33 x 39.6 
 
 14520 
 14400 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 33 x36 
 
 15840 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 33x33 
 
 17280 
 
 1 
 
 corn per acre; for 1905, all of the yields of fields away from Ur- 
 bana are given in terms of air-dry ear corn per acre, the field 
 weights only being used at Urbana that year; in. 1906, field weights 
 alone were used on all fields; all yields of 1907 are given in bush- 
 els of ear corn per acre, the basis for calculation being 75 pounds 
 per bushel. 
 
 RESULTS FROM NORTHERN ILLINOIS 
 
 Table 2, below, summarizes all yields from distance experiments 
 secured from fields located in northern Illinois in Ogle' and DeKalb 
 counties. 
 
 By consulting the headings of the separate divisions of Table 
 2, it will be seen that the plots were situated at different places, 
 three separate years. In the columns headed "Av.," will appear to 
 some extent the degree of regularity with which the average yields 
 increase or decrease according to thickness of planting. Generally, 
 both in the case of the two-kernel plots and also the three-kernel 
 plots, these average yields increase toward the thicker plantings. 
 
362 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 
 
 They do so with enough consistency so that yields from all plots 
 of the three fields may fairly be averaged to get a general average 
 representing the three fields and the three seasons. The general 
 averages are given in the last column of Table 2. In this column 
 the average yields of all two-kernel plots are seen to increase from 
 the thinnest planting up to the second thickest. In similar manner 
 the average yields of all three-kernel plots increase regularly. The 
 highest average yield of all is from the plantings 33 inches by 33 
 inches, with three kernels planted per hill. 
 
 Obviously, this distance of planting which gave the highest 
 average yield in northern Illinois is closer than will be considered 
 practical for general farming, at least with the size of horses and 
 implements at present in general use. With this practical considera- 
 tion in mind, the following statement is warranted. 
 
 TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF AVERAGE YIELDS FROM ALL FIELDS IN NORTHERN ILLI- 
 NOIS ; MYRTLE, SYCAMORE AND DEKALB 
 
 Figures indicate actual yields, bushels per acre. 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Distancebe- 
 tween hills 
 (inches). 
 
 Number 
 of stalks 
 per acre. 
 
 Myrtle 
 1904 
 Av. 
 
 Sycamore 
 1905 
 Av. 
 
 DeKalb 
 1906 
 Av. 
 
 DeKalb 
 1907 
 Av. 
 
 Gen. Av. 
 
 1904,1905, 
 1906,1907. 
 
 44x44 
 
 6480 
 
 38.5 
 
 37.1 
 
 51.6 
 
 49.0 
 
 44.1 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 43.6 
 
 42.3 
 
 52.6 
 
 49.8 
 
 471 
 
 39.6x39.6 
 36x44 
 
 8000 
 
 44.4 
 
 44.1 
 
 55.1 
 
 51.1 
 
 48.7 
 
 33x44 
 36x39.6 
 
 8800 
 
 47.3 
 
 43.2 
 
 60.9 
 
 52.1 
 
 50.9 
 
 36x36 
 33x39.6 
 
 9680 
 
 45.8 
 
 47.1 
 
 71.6 
 
 52.1 
 
 54.2 
 
 33x36 
 
 10560 
 
 463 
 
 45.8 
 
 67.4 
 
 57.5 
 
 54.3 
 
 33x33 
 
 11520 
 
 48.1 
 
 37.2 
 
 67.0 
 
 55.8 
 
 520 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44x44 
 
 9720 
 
 41.4 
 
 43.0 
 
 64.5 
 
 67.3 
 
 54 1 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 10800 
 
 43.3 
 
 41.3 
 
 70.3 
 
 67.8 
 
 55.7 
 
 39.6x39.6 
 36x44 
 
 12000 
 
 45.2 
 
 42.1 
 
 66.8 
 
 72.5 
 
 56.7 
 
 33x44 
 36x39.6 
 
 13200 
 
 45.0 
 
 44.7 
 
 70.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 57.7 
 
 36x36 
 33x39.6 
 
 14520 
 
 43.7 
 
 46.1 
 
 75.0 
 
 708 
 
 58.9 
 
 33x36 
 
 15840 
 
 45.2 
 
 44.3 
 
 79.2 
 
 71.0 
 
 59.9 
 
 33x33 
 
 17280 
 
 43.3 
 
 49.5 
 
 73 6 
 
 77.6 
 
 61.0 
 
1908.] DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 363 
 
 The data of Table 2 indicate that for good corn land in north- 
 ern Illinois hills of corn should not be checked farther apart than 
 36 inches each way, which is probably the closest distance practi- 
 cable for cultivation, and the planter should be set to drop three 
 kernels per hill. It is reasonable to assume that higher yields may 
 be made by closer planting of corn in northern Illinois than is now 
 commonly in vogue. Plots with hills essentially 36 inches apart 
 each way averaged 2.2 bushels per acre more than plots planted 39.6 
 inches each way where the planter was set for dropping three ker- 
 nels per hill; and 5.5 bushels per acre more where two kernels per 
 hill were planted. 
 
364 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 
 
 SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM THE SOUTHERN PART 
 OF THE CORN BELT. 
 
 For the purpose of getting a general average of the results se- 
 cured from the three fields at Urbana, Sibley, and Mattoon, the 
 yields in bushels per acre from all of the plots of each field for each 
 of the several distances of planting are averaged. These averages 
 are then compiled to make Table 3. Tables containing the yields 
 of separate plots for the several years may be consulted by refer- 
 ring to the Appendix. 
 
 TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF AVERAGE YIELDS FROM ALL FIELDS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS; 
 URBANA, SIBLEY AND MATTOON 
 
 Fig-ures indicate actual yields, bushels per acre. 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Distance 
 between hills, 
 (inches) . 
 
 Number 
 of stalks 
 per acre 
 
 Urbana 
 Av. of 
 4 years. 
 
 Sibley 
 Av. of 
 4 years. 
 
 Mattoon 
 1904, 
 1905. 
 
 Gen. Av. 
 for three 
 fields. 
 
 44x44 
 
 6480 
 
 502 
 
 45.5 
 
 46.9 
 
 47.7 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 51.7 
 
 47.9 
 
 51.0 
 
 50.0 
 
 39.6x39.6 
 36x44 
 
 8000 
 
 53.8 
 
 48.9 
 
 54.3 
 
 51.9 
 
 33x44 
 36x39.6 
 
 8800 
 
 54.8 
 
 49.7 
 
 55.0 
 
 52.8 
 
 36x36 
 33x39.6 
 
 9680 
 
 58.5 
 
 49.6 
 
 56.4 
 
 54.5 
 
 33x36 
 
 10560 
 
 59.6 
 
 48.9 
 
 57.8 
 
 55.0 
 
 33x33 
 
 11520 
 
 54.9 
 
 49.9 
 
 604 
 
 54.0 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44x44 
 
 9720 
 
 54.1 
 
 47.9 
 
 53.9 
 
 51 6 
 
 44x39 6 
 
 10800 
 
 54.1 
 
 47.7 
 
 55.7 
 
 51.9 
 
 39.6x39 6 
 36x44 
 
 12000 
 
 53.8 
 
 49.0 
 
 56.0 
 
 52.3 
 
 33x44 
 36x39.6 
 
 13200 
 
 51.8 
 
 48.5 
 
 56.6 
 
 51.4 
 
 36x36 
 33x39.6 
 
 14520 
 
 48.6 
 
 46.7 
 
 54.8 
 
 49.1 
 
 33x36 
 
 15840 
 
 49.8 
 
 455 
 
 55.1 
 
 49 1 
 
 33x33 
 
 17280 
 
 47.0 
 
 42.6 
 
 55.0 
 
 46.8 
 
DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 365 
 
 If the results given in Table 3 are trustworthy, as they ap- 
 parently are, the highest yields of corn may be secured from aver- 
 age land in central Illinois by checking corn in hills substantially 36 
 inches by 36 inches apart and planting two kernels per hill. In the 
 last column of Table 3, headed "Gen. Av.," the yield given for 
 such plots is 54.5 bushels per acre. Plots planted appreciably thicker 
 or thinner show a decreased yield with relation to the thickness of 
 planting. It is noticeable moreover that in these average yields 
 those from plots planted with two kernels per hill are generally 
 higher than those from plots where three kernels per hill were 
 planted. It is interesting to make a comparison between yields har- 
 vested from plots planted by ordinary methods and those planted 
 36 inches by 36 inches with two kernels per hill. In the lower part 
 of Table 3 in the general average column it may be seen that plots 
 planted 39.6 inches by 39.6 inches with three kernels per hill yielded 
 52.3 bushels per acre, which is 2.2 bushels less than by the former 
 distribution. It is important to reflect that a change in distribution 
 of hills of com over the entire area of average land in the corn 
 belt could easily mean an increase of 2 or 3 bushels per acre. 
 
 RELATION OF SOIL FERTILITY TO THE MOST 
 DESIRABLE THICKNESS OF PLANTING 
 
 There is a decided opinion in the minds of practical corn grow- 
 ers that finds expression in the statement "Plant corn thicker if the 
 land is rich and thinner if the land is old and thin." This considera- 
 tion has led the writers to re-group the yields from plots in these 
 distance experiments. In one group have been placed yields of over 
 50 bushels per acre and in the other yields less than 50 bushels per 
 acre. Fifty bushels it has been assumed somewhat arbitrarily might 
 mark a dividing line between the capacity of "rich" land and "thin" 
 land. The question for settlement then is, will the distance of plant- 
 ing that gives the highest yield where land produces more than 50 
 bushels be the same distance that gives the highest yield on land 
 producing less than 50 bushels. 
 
 The present data relating to this part of the question are ex- 
 pressed numerically in Table 4 : 
 
366 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 
 
 TABLE 4. AVERAGE YIELDS FROM DISTANCE PLOTS IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS ON 
 LAND PRODUCING OVER FIFTY BUSHELS PER ACRE, COMPARED WITH THOSE 
 FROM LAND PRODUCING LESS THAN FIFTY BUSHELS 
 
 Distance 
 between hills 
 (inches). 
 
 Number 
 of stalks 
 per acre. 
 
 More than 
 50 bushels 
 per acre. 
 
 L<ess than 
 50 bushels 
 per acre. 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x44 
 
 6480 
 
 52.8 
 
 40.3 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 54.5 
 
 41.7 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 36x44 
 
 8000 
 
 55.7 
 
 41.5 
 
 33x44 
 36 x 39.6 
 
 8800 
 
 57.3 
 
 41.7 
 
 36 x36 
 33 x 39.6 
 
 9680 
 
 60.8 
 
 43.0 
 
 33x36 
 
 10560 
 
 62.0 
 
 41.7 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 11520 
 
 62.3 
 
 40.3 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 9720 
 
 64.2 
 
 39.9 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 10800 
 
 69.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 36 x 44 
 
 12000 
 
 69.4 
 
 42.9 
 
 33 x44 
 36 x 39.6 
 
 13200 
 
 67.7 
 
 439 
 
 36x36 
 33 x 39.6 
 
 14520 
 
 68.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 33x36 
 
 15840 
 
 70.1 
 
 42.6 
 
 33x33 
 
 17280 
 
 70.1 
 
 43.3 
 
 The conclusions to be drawn from Table 4 scarcely need em- 
 phasizing. Both columns of averages given are alike in the respect 
 that the highest yields appear to have been taken from plots where 
 three kernels per hill were planted, and also in the respect that the 
 greatest yields were secured from checking hills practically thirty- 
 six inches apart. Without exception then, so far as the data of this 
 bulletin may indicate, the highest yields of corn are secured in 
 northern Illinois by checking hills not more than thirty-six inches 
 each way and dropping three kernels per hill. 
 
 The relation of soil fertility to the most desirable distribution 
 of corn hills in the southern part of the Illinois corn belt; is sum- 
 marized in Table 5 : 
 
I 9 o8.} 
 
 DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 
 
 367 
 
 TABLE 5. AVERAGE YIELDS FROM DISTANCE PLOTS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS ON LAND 
 PRODUCING OVER FIFTY BUSHELS PER ACRE, COMPARED WITH THOSE FROM 
 LAND PRODUCING LESS THAN FIFTY BUSHELS 
 
 Distance 
 between hills 
 (inches). 
 
 Number 
 of stalks 
 per acre. 
 
 Average yield 
 Urbana, Sibley, 
 Mattoon fields. 
 
 
 
 More than 50 bu. 
 per acre. 
 
 L/ess than 50 bu 
 per acre. 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 6480 
 
 56.7 
 
 42.8 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 57.5 
 
 43.4 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 36 x 44 
 
 8000 
 
 58.1 
 
 43.5 
 
 33 x 44 
 36 x 39.6 
 
 8800 
 
 59.3 
 
 44.3 
 
 36 x 36 
 
 33 x 39.6 
 
 9680 
 
 62.4 
 
 44.2 
 
 33 x 36 
 
 10560 
 
 64.8 
 
 43.1 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 11520 
 
 63.7 
 
 41.2 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 9720 
 
 61.7 
 
 397 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 10800 
 
 63.6 
 
 41.5 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 36 x 44 
 
 12000 
 
 64.1 
 
 42.2 
 
 33 x 44 
 36 x 39.6 
 
 13200 
 
 62.3 
 
 41.0 
 
 36 x 36 
 33 x 39.6 
 
 14520 
 
 61.9 
 
 41.6 
 
 33 x 36 
 
 15840 
 
 62.0 
 
 41 1 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 17280 
 
 63.8 
 
 39.0 
 
 By inspecting Table 5, it becomes evident at a glance that the 
 highest yields of corn in the area represented are not secured by the 
 same distribution of stalks on "rich" land as on "thin" land. 
 
 The highest average yield from land producing over fifty bush- 
 els was secured by planting two kernels per hill at a distance of 33 
 by 36 inches. Almost the same yield was secured from planting 
 hills 39.6 inches apart each way, with three kernels per hill, and 
 the latter distribution is the more practical one for cultivation. On 
 land yielding less than fifty bushels the highest average yield (save 
 by one-tenth bushel) was secured by checking two kernels per hill 
 at distances substantially 36 inches by 36 inches between hills. 
 
 To repeat, then, the general conclusions of this bulletin by way 
 of summarizing them : On all ordinary corn belt land of the north- 
 
368 BULLETIN No. 126. [July, 
 
 ern part of Illinois, plant corn hills not more than 36 inches apart 
 and plant at least three kernels per hill. Future experiments must 
 determine whether a larger number of stalks per acre would in- 
 crease the yield still more. 
 
 In central Illinois on the common broivn silt loam prairie land, 
 of a productive capacity greater than fifty bushels per acre, plant 
 corn. 39.6 inches betzveen hills and drop three kernels per hill. (With 
 39.6 inches between rows there are exactly 5 rows per rod, or 10 
 rows per acre on a square 4O-acre field). 
 
 In central Illinois on the common prairie land, of lower produc- 
 tive capacity than fifty bushels per acre, as for instance average corn 
 belt land, plant the hills 36 inches apart and drop n kernels per 
 hill. 
 
 DISCUSSION OF RELATED EXPERIMENTS 
 
 As has been suggested, very few experiments have been con- 
 ducted by Experiment Stations cf this country which bear directly 
 upon the present problem. Moreover the trials showing results that 
 throw some light upon the question have frequently been of such 
 short duration that the results could not be considered as definite. 
 Some of the experiments do not show anything decisive because the 
 range of the trials did not take in the extremes. 
 
 Some yields were secured from the corn breeding work of this 
 Experiment Station in 1907 that contribute incidentally to the ques- 
 tion whether strong land may not produce more corn by being 
 planted with three kernels per hill rather than two. The "ear-row" 
 plots (described in Illinois Experiment Station Bulletin 100) were 
 planted in 1907 on Series 300, North University Farm (See Bulle- 
 tin 125), in rows 3 feet apart each way. The yield of this field as a 
 whole was higher than 90 bushels per acre, so it was evidently from 
 what would be called good land, of considerably more than 50 bush- 
 els per acre capacity. Twenty-four rows on the west side of Series 
 300 were planted with two kernels per hill, while 24 rows on the 
 east side, covering the same area, were planted with three kernels 
 per hill. That part planted with two kernels per hill yielded at the 
 rate of 91.2 bushels per acre and that planted with three kernels 
 yielded at the rate of 102.7 bushels per acre. This difference of 
 11.5 bushels per acre in favor of planting three kernels per hill is 
 possibly greater than the average, but it may be remembered that 
 much of Series 300 of the North University Farm is better than 
 average land, being under definite systems calculated to maintain 
 permanently the fertility of the soil. 
 
DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 369 
 
 Previous experiments conducted at the Illinois Experiment Sta- 
 tion to test the effect of varying the thickness of planting corn have 
 reported upon different thicknesses in the row, but at a constant 
 distance between rows. Illinois Bulletin 31, states, "when plant- 
 ing in checks 3 feet 8 inches apart the largest yield of grain is 
 from four kernels in a hill." In Illinois Bulletin 42, also, the state- 
 ment is made, "planting 3 feet 8 inches each way provides 3240 
 hills per acre. This shows that two stalks per hill each bearing a 
 good ear are capable of a fair yield of corn, but the result is seldom 
 attained ; and most of the fair yields and all of the great ones are 
 from at least 10,000 stalks per acre." 
 
 The experiments of this bulletin have been tried with the hy- 
 pothesis in mind that so far as practicable each hill of corn should 
 be planted in the middle of a square. Such a theory is supported by 
 Alabama Bulletin 88. At the Alabama Station, corn was planted in 
 rows^yarying from 4 to 6 feet apart with 2 to 4 feet between plants. 
 The number of plants per acre was from 2178 to 4356. "In both 
 seasons the yield was largest when the constant area devoted to each 
 plant approached a perfect square." The same conclusion is ex- 
 pressed in Georgia Bulletin 46. 
 
 The conclusions of this bulletin indicate that small numbers of 
 stalks per hill, planted with hills closer together, yield more grain 
 than larger numbers of stalks planted in hills further apart from 
 each other. In Ohio Experiment Station Bulletin 78 it is stated 
 that with rows 3.5 feet apart, one grain every 12 inches and 2 grains 
 every 24 inches gave larger yields than planting 3 grains every 36 
 inches or 4 grains every 42 inches or 48 inches. Growing one grain 
 every 18 inches increased the percent of sound corn but decreased 
 the yield. 
 
 Other publications relating to the distribution of corn hills and 
 thickness of planting corn are as follows: Kansas Bulletin 45; 
 Texas Bulletin 49; Maine Station Report, 1895; Louisiana Bulle- 
 tin 17, (second series) ; Maryland Bulletin 25; Canada Experiment 
 Farms' Report, 1900; Indiana Bulletin 55; and Missouri Bulle- 
 tin 32. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The following tables give in detail the yields of corn from the 
 distance experiment plots at the several Illinois fields. From these 
 detailed yields were constructed the tables of averages of the earlier 
 part of this bulletin, upon which are based the conclusions given on 
 page 368. 
 
370 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 
 
 TABLE 6. DISTANCE EXPERIMENT MYRTLE, SYCAMORE AND DEKALB FIELDS ; SUM- 
 MARY OF ALL AVERAGE YIELDS ; BUSHELS PER ACRE, ACTUAL YIELD 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Distance 
 
 No. 
 
 Myrtle Field, 1904. 
 
 
 between 
 hills 
 
 of 
 stalks 
 
 1904 
 AT. 
 
 (inches). 
 
 per acre. 
 
 
 44x44- 
 
 6480 
 
 37.6 
 
 39.2 
 
 38.2 
 
 
 47.2 
 
 28.1 
 
 40.8 
 
 
 38.5 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 46.9 41.9 
 
 44.0 
 
 
 47 5 
 
 39.0 
 
 42.4 
 
 
 43.6 
 
 44x36 
 
 7920 
 
 49.5 39.0 
 
 42.6 
 
 54^8 
 
 42.2 
 
 39.1 
 
 42.7 
 
 51.6 
 
 45.2 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 
 8000 
 
 48.5; 38.6 
 
 46.4 
 
 
 51.1 
 
 32.6 
 
 44.3 
 
 .... 
 
 43.6 
 
 44x33 
 
 8640 
 
 51.9 
 
 41.7 
 
 45.4 
 
 S3 .'2 
 
 38.0 
 
 40.4 
 
 43.5 
 
 46.9 
 
 45.1 
 
 39. 6 x 36 
 
 8800 
 
 52.5 
 
 44.3 
 
 47.3 
 
 60.5 
 
 50.1 
 
 35.4 
 
 42.2 
 
 63.6 
 
 49.5 
 
 39.6 x33 
 
 9600 
 
 52.2 
 
 44.3 
 
 45.4 
 
 59.2 
 
 48.2 
 
 41.4 
 
 43.9 
 
 49.8 
 
 48.1 
 
 36 x 36 
 
 9680 
 
 47.4 
 
 45.1 
 
 43.5 
 
 45.1 
 
 46.6 
 
 29.5 
 
 36.6 
 
 53.4 
 
 43.4 
 
 36x33 
 
 10560 
 
 56.9 
 
 42.0 
 
 43.8 
 
 45.6 
 
 47.5 
 
 34.5 
 
 42.7 
 
 57.5 
 
 46.3 
 
 33x33 
 
 11520 
 
 58.2 
 
 49.2 
 
 43.0 
 
 60.3 
 
 47.1 
 
 33. Oj 45.0 
 
 49.2 
 
 48.1 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 9720 
 
 45.7 
 
 38.2 
 
 40 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 4 
 
 44 x 39 6 
 
 108CO 
 
 48.8 
 
 39.5 
 
 41 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 43.3 
 
 44 x 36 
 
 11880 
 
 45.0 
 
 41.7 
 
 39 9 
 
 48.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 8 
 
 39 6 x 39 6 
 
 12000 
 
 53.4 
 
 42.0 
 
 44 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 5 
 
 44 x 33 
 
 12960 
 
 46.7 
 
 39.6 
 
 49 3 
 
 47.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 45.7 
 
 39 6 x 36 
 
 13?00 
 
 46 
 
 42.0 
 
 36 3 
 
 52 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 3 
 
 39 6 x 33 
 
 14400 
 
 42.8 
 
 42.9 
 
 44.9 
 
 50.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 2 
 
 36 x 36 
 
 14520 
 
 44.8 
 
 30.0 
 
 45.4 
 
 48.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 2 
 
 36 x 33 
 
 15840 
 
 4=.6 
 
 39.3 
 
 43 9 
 
 51 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 2 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 17280 
 
 41.7 
 
 40.1 
 
 49.8 
 
 41.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 43.3 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Distance 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 between 
 hills 
 
 of 
 
 stalks 
 
 Sycamore Field, 1905. 
 
 1905 
 Av. 
 
 (inches) 
 
 per acre. 
 
 
 
 44x44 
 
 6480 
 
 29.0 
 
 31.6 
 
 33.2 
 
 36.3 
 
 50.3 
 
 46.6 
 
 40.4 
 
 29.0 
 
 37.1 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 31.9 
 
 36.0 
 
 36.9 
 
 37.1 
 
 57.1 
 
 50.8 
 
 47.7 
 
 41.0 
 
 42.3 
 
 44x36 
 
 7920 
 
 30.9 
 
 34.0 
 
 41.4 
 
 43.8 
 
 55.9 
 
 44.7 
 
 45.0 
 
 42.9 
 
 42.3 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 
 8000 
 
 36.9 
 
 35.8 
 
 35.3 
 
 40.5 
 
 63.9 
 
 51.4 
 
 50.9 
 
 51.4 
 
 45.8 
 
 44x33 
 
 8640 
 
 29.1 
 
 26.2 
 
 33.0 
 
 41.0 
 
 57.4 
 
 48.3 
 
 39.5 
 
 39.2 
 
 39.2 
 
 39 6 x 36 
 
 8800 
 
 34.6 
 
 38.5 
 
 43.9 
 
 46.0 
 
 63.9 
 
 53.8 
 
 46.8 
 
 49.4 
 
 47.1 
 
 39.6 x 33 
 
 9600 
 
 34.7 
 
 28.3 
 
 36.9 
 
 40.2 
 
 62.0 
 
 52.4 
 
 36.0 
 
 47.6 
 
 42.3 
 
 36x36 
 
 9680 
 
 45.5 
 
 45.5 
 
 52.0 
 
 49.9 
 
 58.2 
 
 57.1 
 
 49.0 
 
 57.1 
 
 51.8 
 
 36 x 33 
 
 10560 
 
 39.7 
 
 32.3 
 
 37.3 
 
 50 3 
 
 54.8 
 
 58.7 
 
 45.3 
 
 47.9 
 
 45.8 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 11520 
 
 27.8 
 
 26.2 
 
 32.5 
 
 39.3 
 
 43.5 
 
 41.4 
 
 39.1 
 
 47.7 
 
 37.2 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 A A Y A.A. 
 
 97^>n 
 
 56 9 
 
 36 3 
 
 45.3 
 
 33.4 
 
 
 
 
 
 43.0 
 
 
 lOQAH 
 
 45 4 
 
 35 8 
 
 43.4 
 
 40.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 41.3 
 
 A A Y 1& 
 
 1 iftftn 
 
 40 7 
 
 40 6 
 
 42.1 
 
 41.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 1 
 
 1O f* Y ^O & 
 
 ionnn 
 
 41 1 
 
 45 3 
 
 46 9 
 
 38 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 AA Y 11 
 
 I^QfiO 
 
 40 3 
 
 4^ 5 
 
 50.3 
 
 43 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 44.4 
 
 ^Q fr Y 1f\ 
 
 i"V>oo 
 
 40 6 
 
 46 9 
 
 48.0 
 
 44 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 45.0 
 
 1Q f* x 11 
 
 14.4AO 
 
 39 o 
 
 46 
 
 52.8 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 45.0 
 
 Ifr \ If* 
 
 14V>0 
 
 43 9 
 
 55 4 
 
 36.6 
 
 52 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 47.2 
 
 1ft Y 11 
 
 1 ^ft4-O 
 
 39 5 
 
 45 3 
 
 41.7 
 
 50 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 3 
 
 33 x33 
 
 17280 
 
 47.8 
 
 55.9 
 
 55.2 
 
 38.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 49.5 
 
1908.] 
 
 DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 
 TABLE 6. CONTINUED 
 
 371 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Distance 
 between 
 hills 
 
 Number 
 of 
 stalks 
 
 DeKalb Field, 1906. 
 
 1906 
 Av. 
 
 DeKalb 
 Field, 
 
 19O7 
 
 1907 
 Av. 
 
 General 
 averagre 
 all 
 fields 
 
 (inches). 
 
 per acre. 
 
 
 
 *~s\ji 
 
 
 all 
 seasons. 
 
 44 x 44 
 
 6480 
 
 55.4 
 
 54.4 
 
 49.6 
 
 46.8 
 
 51.6 
 
 46.9 
 
 51.0 
 
 49.0 
 
 44.1 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 59.5 
 
 54.4 
 
 43.2 
 
 53.1 
 
 52.6 
 
 47.6 
 
 52.0 
 
 49.8 
 
 47.1 
 
 44 x 36 
 
 7920 
 
 61.9 
 
 53.1 
 
 45.3 
 
 53.1 
 
 53.4 
 
 47.8 
 
 51.1 
 
 49.5 
 
 47.6 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 
 8000 
 
 68.8 
 
 57.1 
 
 40.0 
 
 60.8 
 
 56.7 
 
 49.6 
 
 55.5 
 
 52.6 
 
 49.7 
 
 44x33 
 
 8640 
 
 60.6 
 
 61.6 
 
 48.5 
 
 51.8 
 
 55.6 
 
 50.9 
 
 48.7 
 
 49.8 
 
 47 A 
 
 39.6 x 36 
 
 8800 
 
 69.3 
 
 61.1 
 
 
 68.3 
 
 66.2 
 
 55.3 
 
 53.2 
 
 54.3 
 
 54.3 
 
 39.6 x 33 
 
 9600 
 
 74.4 
 
 70.1 
 
 . . . 
 
 73.1 
 
 72.5 
 
 52.1 
 
 49.4 
 
 50.8 
 
 53.4 
 
 36 x 36 
 
 9680 
 
 76.8 
 
 62.9 
 
 
 72.0 
 
 70.6 
 
 51.4 
 
 55.4 
 
 53.4 
 
 54.8 
 
 36x33 
 
 10560 
 
 78.1 
 
 74.5 
 
 42!7 
 
 74.2 
 
 67.4 
 
 57.4 
 
 57.6 
 
 57.5 
 
 54.3 
 
 33x33 
 
 11520 
 
 71 4 
 
 66.1 
 
 59.8 
 
 70 8 
 
 67.0 
 
 51.7 
 
 59.8 
 
 55.8! 52.0 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44 x44 
 
 9720 
 
 62.4 
 
 61.3 
 
 76.8 
 
 57.6 
 
 64.5 
 
 66.4 
 
 68.2 
 
 67.3 
 
 54.1 
 
 44 x 39.6 
 
 10800 
 
 69.3 
 
 63.2 
 
 81.6 
 
 66.9 
 
 70.3 
 
 69.3 
 
 66.2 
 
 67.8 
 
 55.7 
 
 44x36 
 
 11880 
 
 70.2 
 
 57.3 
 
 82.7 
 
 69.9 
 
 70.0 
 
 70 2 
 
 72.9 
 
 71.6 
 
 56.6 
 
 39.6 x 39.6 
 
 12000 
 
 69.8 
 
 45.3 
 
 78.9 
 
 60.3 
 
 63.6 
 
 72.3 
 
 74 2 
 
 73.3 
 
 56.6 
 
 44x33 
 
 12960 
 
 75.2 
 
 60.8 
 
 76.8 
 
 62.1 
 
 68.7 
 
 71.6 
 
 69.3 
 
 70.5 
 
 57.3 
 
 39.6 x 36 
 
 13200 
 
 74.9 
 
 60.7 
 
 85.4 
 
 64.0 
 
 71.3 
 
 70.4 
 
 72.8 
 
 71.6 
 
 58.1 
 
 39.6 x 33 
 
 14400 
 
 77.3 
 
 71.4 
 
 80.3 
 
 70.7 
 
 74.9 
 
 71.5 
 
 73.6 
 
 72.6 
 
 59.4 
 
 36x36 
 
 14520 
 
 74.6 
 
 64.0 
 
 93.9 
 
 67.7 
 
 75 1 
 
 62.7 
 
 75.2 
 
 69.0 
 
 58.4 
 
 36x33 
 
 15840 
 
 73.4 
 
 70.7 
 
 87.1 
 
 85.4 
 
 79.2 
 
 67.5 
 
 74.4 
 
 71.0 
 
 59.9 
 
 33 x 33 
 
 17280 
 
 62 9 
 
 81.1 
 
 74.1 
 
 76.3 
 
 73.6 
 
 80.0 
 
 75.2 
 
 77 6 
 
 61.0 
 
 TABLE 7. DISTANCE EXPERIMENT URBANA FIELD: 
 
 BUSHELS PER ACRE. 
 
 SUMMARY OF ALL YIELDS. 
 
 Two kernels per hill. 
 
 Dist'nce be- 
 
 No. of 
 
 ^ < -i 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tween hills 
 
 staiKs 
 
 1904. 
 
 1905. 
 
 1906. 
 
 1907. 
 
 Av. 
 
 (inches) . 
 
 per 
 acre. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44x44 
 
 6480 
 
 39.2 
 
 33.0 
 
 36.2 
 
 45.0 
 
 60.1 
 
 58.9 
 
 68.1 
 
 61.1 
 
 50.2 
 
 44x39.6 
 
 7200 
 
 34.4 
 
 35.1 
 
 43.1 
 
 49.2 
 
 55.1 
 
 62.2 
 
 66.0 
 
 68.1 
 
 51.7 
 
 44x36 
 
 7920 
 
 35.6 
 
 40.6 
 
 43.9 
 
 46.0 
 
 56.4 
 
 60.1 
 
 70.2 
 
 69.1 
 
 52.7 
 
 39.6x39.6 
 
 8000 
 
 35.9 
 
 35.8 
 
 47.1 
 
 49.9 
 
 68.5 
 
 64.1 
 
 73.1 
 
 73.7 
 
 56.0 
 
 44x33 
 
 8640 
 
 41.1 
 
 40.5 
 
 43.8 
 
 47.2 
 
 61.4 
 
 64.9 
 
 70 3 
 
 65.1 
 
 54.3 
 
 39.6x36 
 
 8800 
 
 41.5 
 
 43.8 
 
 42.9 
 
 50.4 
 
 56.0 
 
 62.0 
 
 72.9 
 
 72.8 
 
 55.3 
 
 39.6x33 
 
 9600 
 
 43.4 
 
 43.2 
 
 47.6 
 
 46.5 
 
 67.9 
 
 69.2 
 
 72.9 
 
 73.9 
 
 58.1 
 
 36x36 
 
 9680 
 
 45.0 
 
 48.8 
 
 47.4 
 
 53.1 
 
 72.9 
 
 62.5 
 
 73.2 
 
 72.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 36x33 
 
 10560 
 
 45.9 
 
 46.4 
 
 46.3 
 
 49.6 
 
 66.3 
 
 65.5 
 
 73.7 
 
 83.1 
 
 59.6 
 
 33x33 
 
 11520 
 
 52.5 
 
 42.0 
 
 43.0 
 
 44.0 
 
 60.1 
 
 61.3 
 
 72.5 
 
 63.4 
 
 54.9 
 
 Three kernels per hill. 
 
 44x44 9720 
 
 45.7 
 
 41.8 
 
 45.6 
 
 56.4 
 
 49.2 
 
 58.2 
 
 67.0 
 
 69.0 
 
 54.1 
 
 44x39.6 I 10800 
 
 48.7 
 
 45.2 
 
 44.7 
 
 48.9 
 
 49.2 
 
 59.1 
 
 68.8 
 
 68.2 
 
 54.1 
 
 44x36 11880 
 
 48.9 
 
 45.9 
 
 46.1 
 
 50.4 
 
 46.1 
 
 50.7 
 
 64.7 
 
 71.2 
 
 53.0 
 
 39.6x39.6 | 12003 
 
 50.0 
 
 45.9 
 
 46.4 
 
 53.6 
 
 39.5 
 
 66.4 
 
 69.0 
 
 72.9 
 
 55.5 
 
 44x33 I 12960 
 
 54.5 
 
 46.1 
 
 45.0 
 
 42.8 
 
 50.9 
 
 51.7 
 
 53.1 
 
 60.4 
 
 50.6 
 
 39.6x36 13200 
 
 50.1 
 
 50.8 
 
 47.0 
 
 52.4 
 
 43.0 
 
 55.1 
 
 62.1 
 
 63.7 
 
 53.0 
 
 39.6x33 14400 
 
 53.0 
 
 51.0 
 
 42.3 
 
 48.5 
 
 41.5 
 
 49.5 
 
 52.4 
 
 62.8 
 
 50.1 
 
 36x36 j 14520 
 
 50.7 
 
 52.7 
 
 42.6 
 
 47.3 
 
 31.4 
 
 48.0 
 
 
 
 45.5 
 
 36x33 15840 
 
 54.1 
 
 51.3 
 
 44.6 
 
 43.4 
 
 47.0 
 
 48.6 
 
 47.1 
 
 62.4 
 
 49.8 
 
 33x33 j 17280 
 
 55.4 
 
 55.3 
 
 44.1 
 
 42.6 
 
 43.3 
 
 47.9 
 
 42.4 
 
 47.7 
 
 47.3 
 
372 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 (July, 
 
 i 
 
 ber 
 f 
 
 
 ^ o 
 
 >l "" ^-C 
 
 C O rt 
 
 * 5 
 
 c . 
 
 O D 
 
 C v 
 
 2 ^: 
 
 .2^* 
 
 Q- ' 
 
 ^lO^-*lO-**O^C^rH 
 
 ioioio-*io>o-*o-<t^t- 
 
 o I 
 
 iO ' 
 
DISTANCE BETWEEN HILLS FOR CORN. 
 
 373 
 
 6 
 
 ber 
 
 ks 
 cre. 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 st 
 pe 
 
 Distance 
 between 
 
 lls 
 he 
 
 1C i/) ^O 1C \Q lO >O 
 
 fO iQ 10 O * lO -^ 
 
 -HOOOOiHiOVCOOOOON 
 i/)'T-tOU7iT)-iOtl-TtTt 
 
 \O t*- 00 
 to VO ^ 
 
 i 1C U) 1> iO I> I> 1> 
 
 i lO lO VO VO i/) x/3 1/5 
 
 rt Tf CO * fO CO ro N (^1 N 
 
 *i>a\r4^oooot<i'<i- 
 
 -t O\ to VO \) VO 
 
 i c^ * oo 
 
 O^ C^? -*f W3 00 M 
 
374 
 
 BULLETIN No. 126. 
 
 [July, 1908.] 
 
 a> D 
 
 (X 
 
 Distance 
 between 
 hills 
 (inches). 
 
 & 
 
 OOOOOOOOO 
 
 OC v lO'eJ p OOCX)^Cl 
 
 O rH ro 00 O CO rH 
 * rH VO 00 -1- M ON 
 
 00 fO O rO 00 rO * O * 
 

 

 
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