THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 5<D5 79 
 W/577 
 
 P<irtsl~7 
 
 H«S' 
 
 9 
 
 fiiOLuu 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 ILLINOIS LIBRARY 
 AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN 
 • ^HY 
 
Return this book on or before the 
 Latest Date stamped below. A 
 charge is made on all overdue 
 books. 
 
 U. of I. Library 
 
 NOV 1 9 1033' 
 
 
 11148-S 
 

 NOTES 
 
 CHALCIDIJ. 
 
 Part L— EUBYTOMIDJE. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, RL.S. 
 
 LONDON : 
 E. W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1871.- 
 
LONDON : 
 B. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISHOrSGATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDI^E. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 The two figures here inserted represent (1) Isosoma flavicollis and 
 (2) Eurytoma platyptera, engraved from the original drawings by the late 
 A. H. Halidny. 
 
 Part L— EURYTOMID^. 
 
 In the 'Zoologist' for January, 1871, there are some extracts 
 relative to the habits of Isosoma, a genus of the Eurytomidse, the 
 
 383755- 
 
5* NOTES ON CHALCIDIJ2. 
 
 latter a family of the tribe of Chalcidiae. The investigation of the 
 connecting links or debateable species between genera is very 
 interesting, and there arc instances of these intermediate forms in 
 the Eurytornidae. The following notes on these and on other species 
 are preceded by a_Synopsis of the British families of Chalcidiffi, and of 
 the British genera of Eurytornidae, and by a notice of the variation 
 of structure in the British species of Isosoma. 
 
 A. 
 a. 
 b. 
 
 * 
 
 + 
 
 o 
 
 + + 
 
 
 00 
 
 §§ 
 
 X 
 XX 
 
 
 00 
 
 -t__i_ 
 
 •It 
 
 t 
 
 Tarsi 5-jointed. 
 
 Hind femora much incrassated. ... ... 1. Cbalcididae. 
 
 Hind femora not or slightly incrassated. 
 
 Sides of the mesopectus with cavities. Middle 
 tibia? usually with not very stout apical 
 spines. 
 
 Antenna? seated somewhat above the mouth. 
 
 Thorax very gibbous. 4. Perilampidae. 
 
 Thorax not very gibbous. 
 
 Prothorax well developed, subquadrate or 
 attenuated and conical. 
 
 Cubitus extremely short. 
 
 Abdomen with a peculiar sculpture, cylin- 
 drical in the male, conical and with no 
 prominent oviduct in the female. ... 5. Ormyridae. 
 
 Abdomen with no peculiar sculpture, more 
 or less compressed in the male, with a pro- 
 minent oviduct in the female. ... ... 2. Toryrnidae. 
 
 Cubitus not very short. 
 
 Prothorax subquadrate. Abdomen slightly 
 
 compressed, convex above. ... ... 3. Eurytomidae. 
 
 Prothorax elongated, couical. Abdomen flat 
 
 above. Hind tibiae with stout spines. ... 9. Cleouymidae. 
 
 Prothorax not much developed, short, trans- 
 verse. 
 
 Abdomen petiolated. ... ... 13. Sphegigasteridae. 
 
 Abdomen sessile. 
 
 Antennae moniliform. ... ... 12. Hormoceridae. 
 
 Antennae filiform, cylindrical or clavate. 
 
 Scutellum small. ... ... ... ... 14. Pteromalidae. 
 
 Scutellum very large. ... ... ... 15. Eunotidae. 
 
 Antennae seated at the border of the mouth. 
 
 Antennae elongated, more than 10-jointed. 10. Spalangidre. 
 
 Antennae short, 10-jointed. ... ... 11. Pirerridsa. 
 
 Sides of the pectus without cavities. Middle 
 tibiae with a very short apical spine. 
 
 Antennae with more than eight joints. 
 
EURYTOMID.E. 
 
 I Mesothorax contracted before the scutellum ; 
 disk not bordered. 
 
 H Mesothorax not contracted before the scutel- 
 lum ; disk strongly bordered behind. ... 
 
 if Antennae with not more than eight joints. 
 
 B. Tarsi 4-jointed. 
 
 a. Ulna uninterrupted and passing into the 
 
 costa with a gentle curve. 
 
 * Four binder femora flat, compressed, much 
 
 developed. 
 ** Four hinder femora not flat, 
 f Parapsides distinctly separated. 
 •j4 Parapsides not separated. ... 
 
 b. Ulna interrupted before it joins the oosta. 
 
 * Eadius extending to half the length of the 
 
 wing. 
 ** Eadius not extending to half the length of 
 
 the wing. ... ... ... ... 20. Tetrastichidas. 
 
 C. Tarsi 3-jointed. ... ... ... 21. Trichograminidae. 
 
 To these may be added the Tetracarnpidae, which will be noticed 
 on another occasion. 
 
 8. Eupelmidse. 
 
 6. Encyrtidae. 
 7. Myinidae. 
 
 16. Elasmidae. 
 
 17. Elachistidae. 
 18. Eulophidae. 
 
 19. Eutedonidae. 
 
 The genera of Eurytomidae bave been distinguished as follows : 
 
 A. Hind tibiae with some rows of fine setae. 
 
 B. Hind tibiae without setae. 
 
 a. Prothorax and mesothorax thickly covered with 
 
 large punctures. 
 
 b. Protborax and mesothorax not roughly punctured. 
 * Metathorax perpendicularly shortened. 
 
 ** Metathorax not abruptly contracted. ... 
 
 4. Decatoma. 
 
 1. Eurytoma. 
 
 2. Systole. 
 3. Isosoma. 
 
 Some species of the family require to be especially remarked, as 
 they apparently connect the genera Eurytoma and Isosoma. 
 
 There are several British species of Isosoma yet undescribed ; 
 variations of structure in the species already recorded are indicated 
 in the following lists. 
 
 The differences of length and thickness in the antennae of the male 
 are indicated by the five following groups of species : — 
 
 Group 1. — I.longicomis, breviventris, dissimilis. Group 2. — I. ver- 
 ticillata, crassicornis, angustipennis, brevis. Group 3. — I. petiolata, 
 cornuta, vacillans, minor, tenuicornis, pusilla. Group 4. — I. Nepe. 
 Group 5. — I. brevicornis. 
 
4 NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 The antennae of the female decrease in length, in thickness, and in 
 the clavate form, according to the following order: — 
 
 Length. — I. depressa, Laothoe, attenuate, hyalipennis, verticillata, 
 tenuicornis, linearis, fulvicollis, flavicollis, angustata, angustipennis, 
 crassicornis. 
 
 Thickness. — I. crassicornis, verticillata, attenuata, fulvicollis, flavi- 
 collis, angustipenuis, tenuicornis, angustata, Laothoe, hyalipennis, 
 linearis, depressa. 
 
 Clavate form. — I. attenuata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, linearis, tenui- 
 cornis, crassicornis, verticillata, angustipenuis, angustata, Laothoe, 
 hyalipennis, depressa. 
 
 In the prothorax the characteristics of convexity, breadth, rough- 
 ness, size of the humeral spots and depth of colour of these spots 
 decrease in the following order : — 
 
 Convexity. — I. verticillata, crassicornis, longicornis, angustipennis, 
 vacillans, Nepe, petiolata, cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, 
 hreviventris, dissimilis, brevicornis, angustata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, 
 hyalipennis, brevipennis, linearis, Laothoe, attenuata. 
 
 Breadth. — 1. longicornis, angustipennis, Laothoe, attenuata, 
 verticillata, crassicornis, petiolata, brevicornis, angustata, fulvicollis, 
 flavicollis, vacillans, Nepe, linearis, cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, 
 tenuicornis, hreviventris, dissimilis, hyalipennis, brevipennis. 
 
 Roughness. — I. verticillata, crassicornis, hyalipennis, brevipennis, 
 petiolata, brevicornis, angustipennis, vacillans, Nepe, longicornis, 
 cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, hreviventris, dissimilis, 
 angustata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, linearis, Laothoe, attenuata. 
 
 Size of the humeral spots. — I. depressa, Laothoe, atteuuata, linearis, 
 longicornis, angustata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, vacillans, petiolata, dis- 
 similis, Nepe, crassicornis, cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, 
 hreviventris, hyalipennis, brevipennis, angustipennis, verticillata, 
 brevicornis. 
 
 Depth of colour of these spots. — I. angustipennis, verticillata, cras- 
 sicornis, cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, hreviventris, 
 hyalipennis, brevipennis, vacillans, Nepe, linearis, petiolata, dis- 
 similis, angustata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, longicornis, Laothoe, depressa, 
 attenuata. 
 
 The diminution of convexity and of roughness in the mesothorax 
 and of obtuseness in the tip of the scutcllum is expressed in the 
 following series : — 
 
 Convexity. — I. verticillata, petiolata, hyalipennis, crassicornis, 
 Nepe, brevicornis, Laothoe, depressa, linearis, angustata, longicornis, 
 vacillans, dissimilis, attenuata, brevipennis, angustata, angustipenuis, 
 
UURYTOMID.E. 5 
 
 cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, teuuicornis, breviventris, fulvicollis, 
 flavicollis. 
 
 Roughness. — I. verticillata, petiolata, hyalipennis, crassicornis, 
 Nepe, brevicornis, Laothoe, depressa, longicornis, vacillans, dissimilis, 
 attenuata, brevipennis, linearis, angustata, angustipennis, cornuta, 
 brevis, minor, pusilla, teuuicoruis, breviventris, fulvicollis, flavicollis. 
 
 Obtuseness of tbe tip of tbe scutellum. — I. verticillata, petiolata, 
 hyalipennis, longicornis, vacillans, dissimilis, attenuata, brevipennis, 
 angustata, angustipennis, cornuta, brevis, minor, pusilla, teuuicornis, 
 breviventris, fulvicollis, flavicollis, crassicornis, Nepe, brevicornis, 
 Laothoe, depressa, linearis. 
 
 The metathorax is successively less dull and decumbent and 
 punctured in the following series ; — 
 
 Dull and decumbent. — I. verticillata, crassicornis, vacillans, brevi- 
 cornis, Nepe, petiolata, cornuta, angustata, depressa, brevipennis, 
 attenuata, linearis, Laothoe, hyalipennis, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenui- 
 cornis, breviventris, fulvicollis, flavicollis, angustipennis, longicornis, 
 dissimilis. 
 
 The preceding series will express the successive diminution of 
 punctures, except that I. fulvicollis and flavicollis should precede 
 I. brevis. 
 
 In the following species the metathorax is furrowed ; — I. verticillata, 
 crassicornis, vacillans, brevicornis, depressa, brevipennis, attenuata, 
 linearis, Lathoe, hyalipennis, brevis, minor, pusilla, teuuicornis, 
 breviventris, fulvicollis, flavicollis. 
 
 In the following species it is not furrowed : — I. Nepe, petiolata, 
 cornuta, angustata, angustipennis, longicornis, dissimilis. 
 
 In the following species it is excavated : — I. verticillata, crassi- 
 cornis, vacillans, brevicornis, Nepe, petiolata, cornuta, angustata, 
 brevis, minor, pusilla, teuuicornis, breviventris, angustipennis, longi- 
 cornis, dissimilis. 
 
 In the following species it is not excavated : — I. depressa, brevi- 
 pennis, attenuata, linearis, Laothoe, hyalipennis. 
 
 The following series shows the successive diminution of length of 
 the petiole : — I. petiolata, cornuta, verticillata, brevis, vacillans, Nepe, 
 dissimilis, longicornis, angustipennis, crassicornis, minor, teuuicornis, 
 pusilla, breviventris, angustata, fulvicollis, flavicollis, depressa, linearis, 
 Laothoe, hyalipennis, attenuata, breviventris, brevicornis. 
 
 The abdomen successively diminishes in length and convexity as 
 follows : — 
 
 Male. Length. — I. verticillata, longicornis, angustipennis, vacillans, 
 brevis, cornuta, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, brevicornis, Nepe, petiolata, 
 
6 NOTES ON CHALCIDIjE. 
 
 breviventris, dissimilis, crassicornis. Convexity. — I. verticillata, longi- 
 cornis, petiolata, crassicornis, angustipennis, Nepe, cornuta, vacillaus, 
 brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, breviventris, dissimilis, brevicornis. 
 Female. Length. — I. depressa, attenuata, Laothoe, angustata, 
 angustipennis, flavicollis, fulvicollis, minor, pusilla, byalipennis, 
 linearis, brevipeunis, verticillata, crassicornis. Convexity. — I. verti- 
 cillata, crassicornis, angustipennis, hyalipennis, attenuata, brevipeunis, 
 Laotboe, flavicollis, minor, pusilla, angustata, fulvicollis, linearis, 
 depressa. 
 
 Successive diminution of the angle beneath the abdomen in the 
 female. — I. verticillata, angustipennis, minor, pusilla, angustata, 
 depressa, Laothoe, hyalipennis, attenuata, flavicollis, crassicornis, 
 fulvicollis, linearis, brevipennis. 
 
 The abdominal segments successively decrease in length according 
 to the following series : — 
 
 First segment. — I. crassicornis, Nepe, brevis, breviventris, attenuata, 
 vacillaus, fulvicollis, verticillata, longicornis, angustipennis, petiolata, 
 cornuta, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, dissimilis, linearis, hyalipennis, 
 brevipennis, brevicornis, flavicollis, angustata, depressa, Laothoe. 
 
 Second segment. — I. longicornis, cornuta, petiolata, dissimilis, 
 brevicornis, fulvicollis, flavicollis, depressa, linearis, Laothoe, verti- 
 cillata, angustipennis, vacillaus, Nepe, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenui- 
 cornis, breviventris, angustata, byalipennis, attenuata, crassicornis, 
 brevipennis. 
 
 Tbird segment. — I. crassicornis, attenuata, verticillata, angusti- 
 pennis, vacillaus, Nepe, petiolata, minor, pusilla, breviventris, 
 brevicornis, Laothoe, brevipennis, longicornis, byalipennis, cornuta, 
 brevis, tenuicornis, dissimilis, angustata, depressa, flavicollis, linearis, 
 fulvicollis. 
 
 Fourth segment. — I. vacillaus, Nepe, Laothoe, dissimilis, linearis, 
 brevipennis, cornuta, fulvicollis, flavicollis, depressa, angustipennis, 
 brevicornis, angustata, hyalipennis, attenuata, longicornis, petiolata, 
 brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, breviventris, verticillata, crassi- 
 cornis. 
 
 Fifth segment. — I. depressa, fulvicollis, flavicollis, byalipennis, 
 petiolata, brevicornis, angustata, Laothoe, attenuata, brevipennis, 
 verticillata, longicornis, brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, bi*evi- 
 ventris, vacillaus, dissimilis, linearis, crassicornis, longicornis, angusti- 
 pennis, Nepe, cornuta. 
 
 Sixth segment. — I. verticillata, linearis, petiolata, angustata, 
 fulvicollis, flavicollis, hyalipennis, attenuata, Laothoe, brevipennis, 
 crassicornis, longicornis, angustipennis, vacillaus, Nepe, cornuta, 
 brevis, minor, pusilla, tenuicornis, breviventris, dissimilis, brevi- 
 cornis, depressa. 
 
EURYTOMIDiE. 7 
 
 In the vein of the fore wing of the Chalcidise the humerus is basal 
 and subcostal, and is succeeded by the ulna, which is costal, aud emits 
 the cubitus towards the disk and is succeeded along the costa by 
 the radius. 
 
 The ulna and the radius successively decrease in length according 
 to the following series : — 
 
 Ulna. — I. angustipennis, Nepe, brevis, minor, pusilla, angustata, 
 verticillata, petiolata, cornuta, tenuicoruis, attenuata, longicornis, 
 dissimilis, breviventris, depressa, linearis, hyalipennis, brevipennis, 
 crassicornis, vacillans, brevicornis, fulvicollis, flavicollis, Laothoe. 
 
 Radius. — I. Laothoe, vacillans, brevicoruis, fulvicollis, flavicollis, 
 breviventris, depressa, hyalipennis, verticillata, crassicornis, brevi- 
 cornis, cornuta, pusilla, tenuicoruis, dissimilis, linearis, attenuata, 
 angustipennis, Nepe, petiolata, brevis, minor, angustata, brevipennis. 
 
 I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Saunders, of Ontario, Canada, 
 for specimens of Isosoma Vitis, which is mentioned in the ' Zoologist ' 
 as being cradled in grape stones. All the species of Isosoma that 
 have been discovered in Europe and in Madeira are distinguished by 
 two humeral spots : these do not occur in the American species nor 
 in those of Australia. The male of T. Vitis seems to have all the 
 characters of Eurytoma, and thus removes the partition between the 
 two genera ; the female most resembles I. depressa in structure. 
 
 Of the four Australian species which have been recorded as 
 belonging to this genus, I. Volux and I. Oritias also resemble 
 Eurytoma as regards the male ; the female of I. Olbus is very like 
 I. Vitis in structure, and the male of I. Ravola resembles in structure 
 the British species of Isosoma, but has stouter antennae. 
 
 The species of Isosoma in Europe and in Madeira possess a fuller 
 development of the characters of the group than those of America and 
 of Australia, and are less nearly connected with Eurytoma. Such 
 also is the case with the following new genus of Eurytouiidag, for 
 specimens of which I am indebted to the late A. H. Haliday, who 
 found them in straw roofs near Lucca, Italy. Whether the eggs are 
 deposited in roofs or are carried there with the straw from the fields 
 has yet to be ascertained. 
 
 Genus PHILACHYRA, Haliday, MS. 
 
 Mas. — Corpus gracile, nitens, longiusculum. Caput et prothorax 
 subpunctata. Caput prothorace paullo latius. Antennae ll-articulatae, 
 subfiliformes, verticillato pilosse, basi geniculate ; articuli 3 us et 4us 
 minimi. Prothorax subquadratus. Metathorax postice attenuatus. 
 Petiolus brevissimus. Abdomen glabrum, planum, lineare, thorace 
 multo brevius. Pedes graciles, longiusculi. Alae lougae. Fcem. — 
 
O NOTES ON CHALCIDTJE. 
 
 Aptera. Caput prothorace multo latius. Antenna? subclavata?. 
 Abdomen fusi forme, convexum. Femora subincrassata. 
 
 Male. — Body slender, elongate, convex, not bigh nor tumid. Head 
 and protborax sbiuing and somewhat smootb, being much less 
 punctured than they are in Isosoma. Head a little broader than the 
 protborax. Antennae 9-jointed, exclusive of the divisions of the club 
 and of the two ring-shaped joints that follow the second ; second joint 
 much shorter than tbe first, with which it forms a slight angle; third 
 and following joints with thin whorls of hair, successively decreasing 
 in length ; third much longer than the second. Protborax sub- 
 quadrate. Metathorax long, tapering hindward. Petiole very short. 
 Abdomen flat, linear, smooth, apparently subsessile, much shorter 
 than the thorax and ranch narrower than the fore part of the latter. 
 Legs slender, rather long. Fore wings long ; ulna much shorter 
 than the humerus ; radius a little shorter than the cubitus and not 
 more than one-third of the length of the ulna ; stigma very small. 
 Female. — Wingless. Head much broader than the prothorax. 
 Antennae subclavate. Thorax smoother than that of the male. 
 Abdomen fusiform, convex, as broad as the thorax, and equal to it in 
 length. Femora slightly iucrassated, stouter than those of the male. 
 
 Philachyra ips, Holiday, MS. 
 
 Mas. — Nigra, prothoracis maculis duabus tibiis anticis apice 
 genubus tarsisque fulvis, alis diaphanis. Fam. — Antennis basi 
 trochanteribus femoribus anticis apice genubus tarsisque luteis. 
 
 Male. — Black. Prothorax with a tawny spot on each fore angle. 
 Fore tibioe towards the tips, knees and tarsi tawny. Wings pellucid ; 
 veins tawny. Female. — First joint of the antenna;, trochanters, fore 
 femora towards the tips, knees and tarsi luteous, the latter black 
 towards the tips. Hind part of the abdomen thinly beset with white 
 hairs. Length of the body 1 — 1 J line. 
 
 A. H. Haliday wrote thus to me of the male of this species : — 
 ' Two questions arise ; first, is it the true male? I found it, though 
 beginning to appear later than the female, yet earlier than any known 
 species of Tsosoma came out, and in the same situation with the 
 female still continuing. Second, are the characters, antenna? and 
 proportions of the segments of the wing-vein sufficient to distinguish 
 it from Isosoma ? " 
 
 Perhaps the opinions in the two following extracts from Dr. 
 Walsh's publications will be found to be not quite correct: — 
 
 "If Eurytoma Hordei could with any propriety be referred to that 
 genus, we should then have a case of the same genus including both 
 parasitic and plant-feeding species ; and I do not believe that any 
 
EUBYTOMTLiE. 9 
 
 such violation of the great law of the unity of habits can be met with 
 anywhere in nature. 
 
 " Certainly, if preceding authors had referred this species to its 
 proper genus (it was referred to Isosonia in 1843) I should not have 
 been so unwilling to believe in its being a true vegetable-feeder. As 
 soon as I became personally acquainted with it the mystery was solved 
 at once." 
 
 The female of I. Hordei resembles the female of I. Vitis in 
 structure, but the male, as appears by the figure in the ' American 
 Entomologist,' vol. ii. p. 330, differs widely from that of I. Vitis, 
 and approaches much nearer to the typical species of Isosoma. 
 
 The immense number of species in the Chalcidias, and the numerous 
 instances of very close mutual resemblance in their forms, afford large 
 materials for research and for debates whether the differences are of 
 specific character or mere variations, and one more extract from Dr. 
 Walsh's works will show his opinion with regard to the words species 
 and variety. In a notice of the forms of Eurytoma he says, 
 " Whether they be really varieties, or whether they be distinct species, 
 depends — according to my view — upon the difficult and almost 
 insoluble question," &c. He distinguishes Eurytoma and Isosoma 
 by some characters which are not mentioned by Foerster, who first 
 gave a detailed description of the differences between the two genera. 
 His distinctions apply clearly to the typical species of each genus, 
 such as E. plumata and I. verticillata, but there are other species in 
 which these distinctions can hardly be traced. The distinctions are 
 as follows : — 
 
 Eurytoma. — Body partially contractile, with a deep finely sculp- 
 tured groove for the reception of the middle femora reaching from 
 the base of the middle coxa to a point immediately beneath the 
 insertion of the front wing. Antennas 8-jointed, 9-jointed in E. 
 gigantea. 
 
 Decatoma. — Body contractile, as in Euiytoma, and with a similar 
 groove for the middle femora. Antennas of the male 7-jointed, 
 filiform, the club slightly compressed. Antennas, of the female 
 8-joiuted, gradually clavate, the club considerably compressed. 
 
 Isosoma. — Bod}' not contractile and with no groove to receive the 
 middle femora. Antennas 9-jointed. 
 
 Dr. Foerster distinguishes Decatoma from Eurytoma and from 
 Isosoma by the bristles on the hind tibias of the former genus, but 
 this character is insufficient to distinguish several of the species. 
 
 Dr. Walsh continues his remarks on the Eurytomidas as 
 follows : — " It is a very general law in Chalcidias that each successive 
 pair of legs is more and more marked with black." " And so with 
 other families of insects ; each will be found to be marked according 
 
10 NOTES ON CHALCIDI*:. 
 
 to certain general coloration laws." The fore tarsi of Chaleidiae are 
 most usually darker than the four posterior tarsi. Dr. Walsh 
 considers this as a decisive proof of a common origin and as adverse 
 to the doctrine that every species was independently created. The 
 " certain definite colorational pattern " is very conspicuous in the 
 Eurytornidae, and includes them under one head, which may be said 
 to be primarily represented by Eurytoma. The other three genera, 
 Systole, Decatoma and Isosoma, have much more affinity to Eurytoma 
 than they have to each other. The antennae of Eurytoma are stated 
 by Dr. Walsh to be 8-jointed, with the exception of E. gigantea, in 
 which they are 9-jointed. The antennas of Isosoma are said by him 
 to be 9-jointed, and those of Decatoma 7-joiutcd in the male and 
 8-joiuted in the female, omitting the two very minute joints that 
 follow the second, and considering to be only one joint. But these 
 apparent differences may be owing to the structure of the club, of 
 which the divisions are in some species contracted into one joint and 
 in others they form three distinct joints. The joints of the antennas 
 of the male in the more typical species of Eurytoma are dilated on 
 one side ; in others they are equal, like those of Isosoma and of 
 Decatoma. Isosoma has not the semicontractile and compressed 
 body of Eurytoma and Decatoma, but in some species, such as 
 E. Cestius, E. atra, and E. Philager, the body is like that of Isosoma 
 in structure. The colour of the body in Eurytoma is black, but in 
 E. bicolor, a North American species, it has the "colorational 
 pattern " which characterizes Decatoma, and in E. Philager, a South 
 American species, there are two pale humeral spots like those of the 
 European species of Isosoma. In Decatoma the ground hue of the 
 more typical species is black, but in the whole series of species this 
 hue changes by degrees to yellow ; the pale marks appear first on the 
 head and on the prothorax and thence spreads over the rest of the 
 body, which in some species is wholly yellow, and especially so in 
 D. Orctilia and in D. Diphilus, of which the first inhabits the West 
 Indies and the second South America. Others, in which the yellow 
 hue prevails, resemble some species of Megastigmus, a genus of 
 Torymidie, in the markings, and the latter have also a quadrate 
 prothorax like the Decatomae. The typical species of Decatoma, both 
 in Europe and in North America, are parasitic on the Cynipidae of 
 oak-galls, and they also agree in having a black band on the fore 
 wing. Cynips lignicola, the dweller in the well-known Devonshire 
 gall, brought with it into England two parasites, Callimome Devon- 
 iensis and a Decatoma. This Callimome has a long oviduct, which 
 can reach the centre of the gall in which the grub is cradled, but 
 such is not the case witli the Decatoma. The mode of ovipositiou of 
 these two species lias not, I believe, been yet described in England. 
 In Isosoma the "colorational pattern" is different from that of 
 Decatoma and of Eurytoma bicolor. All the species are black ; those 
 
EURYT0MID.E. 11 
 
 of Europe have a pale spot on each side of the fore border of the 
 prothorax, and in two of them the prothorax is wholly yellow. Their 
 power in leaping is very slight as compared with that of most of the 
 Chalcidise. 
 
 Dr. Walsh, in his Essay on the Eurytomida?, says, " In several 
 cases Eurytomidous forms, that appear to belong to the same species, 
 present more or less constant differences when they infest different 
 species of insects. Such forms seem to deserve a distinctive name, 
 which 1 have accordingly given to them —classifying them as mere 
 varieties." He adds, "If such a so-called variety confines itself 
 exclusively to that particular insect which it is actually found to 
 infest, then I should infer that it cannot interbreed habitually with 
 the other forms referred to the same so-called species ; because, if it 
 did so, it would inevitably, by the Laws of Inheritance, acquire a 
 propensity to attack all the different insects which are attacked by 
 the other forms provisionally referred to the same species. Conse- 
 quently, upon this latter supposition, I should pronounce such a 
 so-called variety to be in reality a distinct species." There are 
 instances of a species of Chalcididse being parasitic on several very 
 different insects, without showing any variation. Some other 
 observations of Dr. Walsh indicate that he considers difference of 
 size in varieties or species to be owing to the difference in size of the 
 insects which they infest; for instance, E. plumata, the largest 
 European species of Eurytoma, that inhabits the large galls formed 
 by Urophora Cardui on thistle-stalks, thereby excels in size the very 
 small Eurytoma (E. curta?) that emerges from the little galls on 
 Rosa spinosissima. 
 
 Since the notes on Isosoma were published in the ' Zoologist ' I 
 found a passage in Nees ab Esenbeck's Hym. Ich. aff. Monogr. vol. 2, 
 which shows that Dr. Nees discovered one of the Eurytomidae to be 
 herbivorous in 1834. In his description of Eurytoma Rosae, p. 415, 
 he observes that he formerly confounded it with E. (Isosoma) verti- 
 cillata, and that he had ascertained it to be the maker of the galls of 
 Rosa centifolia. In p. 431 he describes Eulophus Eurytomae, a 
 parasite of the above species, which from his description is certainly 
 a Eurytoma, not an Isosoma, and is a proof that the Eurytoma? are 
 not all parasitic. Whether one species of this family is sometimes 
 parasitic on other insects and sometimes herbivorous, and has thus 
 the choice of two ways of perpetuating its existence, has yet to be 
 ascertained. E. Rosae is not the Eurytoma of Rosa spinosissima 
 before mentioned. This Eurytoma and one of the Cynips tribe dwell 
 in the same galls, but the gall-fly may be one of the " Iuquilinae," and 
 not a victim of the Eurytoma. 
 
 Fossils have been termed medals of creation, and, according to Dr. 
 Walsh and others, insects, by means of their differences and affinities, 
 are living medals which illustrate a long succession of earlier epochs. 
 
12 NOTES ON CHAT.CIDI.K. 
 
 Thus, the distinctive characters of two species of Eurytoma acquired 
 by cumulative modification since the time of their extinct ancestor 
 are indicative of a comparatively recent epoch ; the difference between 
 Eurytoma and Decatoma shows an earlier time; the wider difference 
 between Eurytoma and Isosoma recalls a still earlier time ; and the 
 remote affinity of Axima and of Aiolomorphus to the other 
 Eurytornidae signifies very distant ages. Axima spinifrons, the only 
 species of that genus, inhabits South America, and has a very broad 
 head, a front with two spiues, very prominent eyes, and a short 
 cubitus, like that of the Chalcididae and of the Torymidse. 
 
 Genus AIOLOMORPHUS. 
 
 Mas. Corpus gracile, convexum, subtiliter punctatum. Caput 
 breve, transversum, thoraci oequilatuui ; frons erecta. Oculi para, 
 subprominuli. Palpi breves. Autenme longae, graciles ; flagelli 
 articuli longissimi, setulosi. Prothorax magnus, subquadratus. Meso- 
 thorax breviusculus ; parapsidum suturas bene deterniiuatae. Meta- 
 thorax longiusculus, subdeclivis. Petiolus longus, gracilis, punctatus. 
 Abdomen glabrum, clavatum, subcorapressum. Pedes graciles; 
 tibiarum calcaria brevissima ; tarsi 5-articulati. 
 
 Male. Boity slender, convex. Head and thorax finely punctured. 
 Head short, transverse, as broad as the thorax ; front erect. Eyes 
 small, slightly prominent. Mandibles small. Palpi short. Antennae 
 filiform, slender, pubescent, seated in the middle of the front, longer 
 than the thorax, mutilated in the specimen described ; first joint 
 long ; second short ; third, fourth and fifth very long, thickly beset 
 with short bristles on each side. Thorax thickly and minutely 
 punctured. Prothorax large, subquadrate. Mesothorax rather short; 
 sutures of the parapsides strongly marked ; scutellum rather small. 
 Metathorax elongate, slightly decumbent. Petiole slender, punctured, 
 as long as the hind coxa?. Abdomen smooth, shining, clavate, slightly 
 compressed, a little longer than the thorax exclusive of the petiole. 
 Legs slender, moderately long; tibiae with very short apical spurs; 
 tarsi 5-jointed ; joints from the first to the fourth successively 
 decreasing in length. Wings moderately long and broad ; ulna 
 about one-third of the length of the humerus ; radius much shorter 
 than the ulna, longer than the cubitus ; stigma small ; spurious veins 
 such as the brachial and the cubital well-defined. 
 
 This genus has a remarkable structure. In the development of the 
 spurious wing-veins it differs from all the other Chalcidiae, with the 
 exception of the Leucospiche and of some genera that appear to be 
 related both to the Cbalcidiffi and to the Cynips tribe. It has very 
 little affinity to the Leucospidee and to the Chalcididae ; it is nearer 
 
EUBXTOMID.E. 13 
 
 to the Sphegigasteridae and still nearer to the Eurytomidae, but, like 
 Axiraa, it is very remote from the centre of attraction round which 
 the other Enrytomidae are clustered. The mai'ks on the prothorax 
 correspond to somewhat similar marks on the prothorax of the 
 European species of Isosoma. 
 
 A. rhophaloides. Mas. — Niger, cinereo subpubescens ; prothorax 
 callis duobus anticis lateralibus transversis luteis ; abdomen basi 
 rufum ; pedes lutei; alae cinereae, nigro venosae. 
 
 Male. — Black, with slight cinereous pubescence. Prothorax with 
 a large transverse luteous callus on each side of the fore border. 
 Abdomen red towards the base ; the red hue occupying most space on 
 the under side. Legs luteous. Wings cinereous; veins black. 
 Length of the body 4 lines. 
 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 Genus EURYTOMA. 
 
 Ratzeburg considers Eurytoma, Isosoma and Decatoma as one 
 genus, and it is difficult to identify the species which he describes as 
 new. All appear to be Eurytomae or Decatomas, and their names are 
 as follows : — E. flavovaria, flavoscapularis, Eccoptogastri, Abieticola, 
 Ischioxanthos, aciculata, striolata, costata, extincta and Pinetorum. 
 
 E. insignis. — Mas. Nigra, fortiter punctata ; antennae submonili- 
 formes, thorace paullo breviores, articulis sublinearibus non dilatatis, 
 clava sublanceolata; petiolus longiusculus; abdomen glabrum,parvum; 
 pedes flavescentes, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris basi apiceque 
 flavescentibus ; alae diaphanae, nigro- venosae. Fcem. — Antennae 
 thorace multo breviores ; abdomen therace paullo brevius. 
 
 Male. — Black. Head and thorax largely punctured. Head broader 
 than the thorax. Antennae submoniliform, a little shorter tban the 
 thorax ; joints from the third to the seventh nearly linear, verticillate, 
 pilose, not dilated on one side ; club sublanceolate, very much longer 
 than the seventh joint. Petiole rather long. Abdomen compressed, 
 very much shorter and narrower than the tborax. Legs yellowish ; 
 femora and hind tibiae black, yellowish at the base and at the tips. 
 Wings pellucid ; veins black ; ulna thick, less than half the length 
 of the humerus ; radius very much shorter than the ulna, a little 
 longer than the cubitus. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Female. — Antennae much shorter than the thorax. Abdomen a 
 little shorter than the thorax. Length of the body 2J lines. 
 
 The ulna is darker and thicker than that of E. nodularis and of 
 
14 NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 E. plumata : from the latter species, which it rivals in size, it differs 
 in the structure of the antennae. 
 
 England. In Dr. Chapman's collection. 
 
 E. melanonecra. — Fam. Nigra, robusta, fortiter punctata: 
 antenna? subclavatae, breves ; abdomen glabrum, subfusiforme, thorace 
 brevius, apice lanceolatum ; pedes nigri, femoribus basi genubus 
 tarsisque fulvis, tarsis anticis piceis ; alae diaphanae, nigro venosae. 
 
 Female. — Black, stout. Head and thorax largely punctured. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antenna? subclavate, much 
 longer than the breadth of the head. Abdomen shorter than the 
 thorax, subfusiform except the apical part, which is lanceolate. 
 Femora tawny towards the base ; knees and tarsi tawny ; fore tarsi 
 piceous. AVings pellucid ; veins black ; ulna thick, about one-fourth 
 of the length of the humerus ; cubitus about half the length of the 
 ulna, rather shorter than the radius. Length of the body \% line. 
 
 The longer abdomen distinguishes it from E. tumida. 
 
 Barnstaple. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Genus ISOSOMA. 
 
 I. clavicornis. — Fcem. Nigra, subtiliter punctata; antennae 
 
 clavatae, breves ; prothorax fulvo bimaculatus ; abdomen glabrum, 
 
 subfusiforme, thorace non longius ; pedes nigri, genubus tarsisque 
 fulvis ; alae albae, venis pallide testaceis. 
 
 Female. Black. Head and thorax finely punctured. Head a 
 little broader than the thorax. Antennae clavate, a little longer than 
 the breadth of the head. Prothorax with two tawny humeral spots. 
 Abdomen nearly fusiform, not longer than the thorax, with a few 
 white hairs towards the tip. Knees and tarsi tawny. Wings white ; 
 veins pale testaceous ; ulna less than half the length of the humerus ; 
 radius a little more than half the length of the ulua ; cubitus a little 
 less than half the length of the ulna. Length of the body 1 J line. 
 
 The comparatively long abdomen distinguishes it from I. verti- 
 cillata, crassicornis, hyalipennis, angustata; the stouter boJy from 
 I. minor, attenuata, pusilla, breviventris, tenuicornis ; the shorter 
 and more clavate antennae from I. linearis, Laothoe ; the broader 
 fore wings from I. angustipeunis ; the paler wings from I. depressa; 
 the paler wing-veins from I. brevicornis, petiolata, longicornis, cornuta, 
 brevis, Nepe, vacillans. 
 
 England. 
 
 I. melanomeua. — Mas. Nigra, gracilis, subtiliter punctata; 
 antennae corpore paullo breviores; prothorax piceo bimaculatus; 
 
ETJEYTOHID.E. 15 
 
 abdomen glabram, fusiforme, tborace multo brevius et angustius ; 
 genua fulva ; tarsi picei ; alas subfuliginosae, piceo venose. 
 
 Male. Black, slender. Head and tborax finely punctured. 
 Antennae a little snorter than tbe body; third and following joints 
 long, nearly linear. Prothorax with two piceous humeral spots. 
 Abdomen fusiform, much shorter and narrower than the thorax. 
 Knees tawny ; tarsi piceous. Wings slightly smoky ; veins piceous ; 
 ulna much more than half the length of the humerus ; cubitus longer 
 tban the radius, about one-fourth of the length of the ulna. Length 
 of the body lj line. 
 
 The more moniliform antennae and the darker tarsi distinguish it 
 from I. verticillata. 
 
 England. 
 
 I. cxaktpennis. — Mas. Nigra, subtiliter punctata ; antennae 
 thorace multo longiores, articulis fusiformibus petiolatis ; prothorax 
 fulvo bimaculatus ; abdomen glabrum, fusiforme, thorace multo 
 brevius ; genua fulva ; tarsi nigri ; alas albae, piceo venosae. 
 
 Male. Black. Head and thorax finely punctured. Head broader 
 than the thorax. Antennae much longer than the thorax ; joints 
 from the fourth to the eighth fusiform, with long whorls of hairs and 
 with rather long petioles ; third joint much longer and stouter than 
 the fourth. Prothorax with two tawny humeral spots. Abdomen 
 fusiform, much shorter than the thorax. Knees tawny ; tarsi black. 
 Wings white ; veins piceous ; ulna much shorter than the humerus ; 
 cubitus longer than the radius, about one-fourth of the length of the 
 ulna. Length of the body ] i line. 
 
 It may be distinguished from I. petiolata by the smaller humeral 
 spots, by the shorter petiole, and by the darker tarsi. 
 
 England. 
 
 I. tenuipes. — Mas. Nigra, gracillima, subtilissime punctata; 
 antennae gracillimae, thorace longiores ; prothorax testaceo bimacu- 
 latus ; petiolus longiusculus ; abdomen glabrum, subdepressum, 
 postice latescens, thorace multo brevius ; pedes gracillimi, femoribus 
 apice tibiis basi tarsisque testaceis ; alae diaphanae, piceo venosae. 
 
 Male. Black, very slender. Head and thorax very finely punc- 
 tured. Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae very 
 slender, longer than the thorax; joints long. Prothorax with 
 two testaceous humeral spots. Metathorax attenuated. Petiole 
 rather long. Abdomen rather flat, much shorter than the thorax, 
 gradually increasing in breadth from the base nearly to the tip. 
 Femora at the tips, tibiae at the base and tarsi testaceous. Wings 
 pellucid ; veins piceous ; ulna a little more than half the length of 
 
16 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.E. 
 
 the humerus ; cubitus hardly longer than the radius, about one-third 
 of the length of the ulna. Length of the body 1^ line. 
 
 The longer antenna? distinguish it from I. Nepe. 
 
 I. jEQUAXis. — Fccm. Nigra, gracilis, subtiliter punctata ; antenna? 
 subclavata?, breves; prothorax fulvo bimaculatus ; abdomen glabrum, 
 fusiibrme, thoraci a?quilonguin ; pedes nigri, genubus pallide testaceis, 
 tibiis anticis apice tarsisque quatuor posterioribus fulvis ; alae 
 diapbanae, piceo veuosa?. 
 
 Female. Black, slender. Head and thorax finely punctured. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae subclavate, about 
 half the length of the thorax ; third joint louger than the second, and 
 much longer than the fourth ; the latter and the three following 
 joints nearly equal in length ; club nearly thrice longer than the 
 seventh. Prothorax with two tawny humeral spots. Abdomen 
 fusiform, as long as the thorax. Kuees pale testaceous ; four 
 posterior tarsi and tips of the fore tibia? tawny. Wings pellucid; 
 veins piceous ; ulna more than half the length of the humerus ; 
 radius much shorter than the cubitus, which is about one-fourth of 
 the length of the ulna. Length of the body lj line. 
 
 A little stouter than I. angustipenuis, and with broader fore 
 wings. 
 England. 
 
 I. tibialis. — Fcem. Nigra, gracilis, subtilissime punctata; 
 antenna? clavata?, breves ; prothoracis macula? dux fulva?, maxima? ; 
 abdomen glabrum, sublanceolatum, subdepressum, thorace paullo 
 longius ; pedes nigri, femoribus apice tibiisque basi testaceis, tarsis 
 quatuor posterioribus fulvis ; ala? diaphana?, testaceo pallido venosa?. 
 
 Female. Block, slender. Head and thorax very finely punctured. 
 Head very litt 1 I broader than the thorax. Antenna? clavate, some- 
 what longer than the breadth of the head ; fifth, sixth and seventh 
 joints transverse. Humeral spots of the prothorax tawny, very large, 
 each about one-third of the breadth of the prothorax. Abdomen 
 slightly lanceolate, rather fiat above, a little longer than the thorax. 
 Femora towards the tips and tibia? towards the base testaceous ; four 
 hinder tarsi tawny. Wings pellucid ; veins pale testaceous; ulna 
 less than half the length of the humerus ; cubitus longer than the 
 radius, about half the length of the ulna. Length of the body 
 1£ line. 
 
 The fore wings are narrower than those of I. Laothoe, and the 
 abdomen is longer. 
 
 England. 
 
EURTTOMIDJ!. ±< 
 
 T. canaliculata. Fcem. — Nigra, subtiliter punctata ; antenna? 
 clavatae, breviusculae; prothorax albido bimaculatus ; abdomen 
 glabrum, depressum, sublanceolatum, tborace longius ; pedes nigri, 
 femoiibus apice tibiis basi tarsisque quatuor posterioribus pallide 
 flavis, tibiis tarsisque anticis fulvis ; ate diaphanae, albido venosae. 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax finely punctured. Head 
 hardly broader than the thorax. Antennae clavate, much longer than 
 the breadth of the head. Pro thorax with two whitish transverse 
 humeral spots. Abdomen sublanceolate, depressed, somewhat longer 
 than the thorax. Femora at the tips, tibiae at the base and four 
 posterior tarsi pale yellow ; fore tibiae and fore tarsi tawny. Wings 
 pellucid ; veins whitish ; ulna less than half the length of the 
 humerus ; cubitus a little longer than the radius, a little more than 
 half the length of the ulna. Length of the body 1\ line. 
 
 Between I. Laothoe and I. linearis ; it differs from the former by 
 the shorter and more clavate antennae, from the latter by the little 
 less clavate antennae and by the broader fore wings. 
 
 South France. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, 0, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISH0P8OATE. 
 
NOTES 
 
 CHALCIDIJE 
 
 Part II.— EURYTOMID.E and TORYMID^. 
 
 BY 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 E. W. JANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1871. 
 
LONDON : 
 E. NKW1IAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET, 
 
 BI3UOPSGATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDL^. 
 
 Paet II. 
 
 FiK. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 The two figures here inserted represent (1) Torymus caliginosus and 
 (2) Podagrion splendidum. 
 
 EVBYTOMIDM. 
 
 In this concluding part of the sketch of the Eurytomidse the 
 following extract is another instance in which the genus Eurytoma 
 is herbivorous, and not parasitic, on other insects. 
 
 c 
 
20 NOTES ON CHAIXIDI*:. 
 
 In the ' Entomologist,' No. 88, p. 264 (March, 1871), Mr. Ritsema 
 states that the galls found by Mr. Traill, near Aberdeen, on Ammo- 
 phila arundinacea (Psamma arenaria, L.), were made by Eurytoma 
 longipennis, and that they also occur near Landvoort in Noord-Hol- 
 land, and that the economy of the fly is detailed in the ' Archives 
 Neerlandaises des Sciences exactes,' vol. v. 1870 ; and is also noticed 
 in the ' Nederlandsch Tydschrift voor Entomologie,' 2nd Ser. vol. vi. 
 1871. 
 
 The Eurvtomae and the Decatomae are generally supposed to be 
 parasitic; but it has not yet been ascertained whether their larvae 
 feed on the inhabitants of the galls or on the substance of the galls. 
 Ratzeburg has published in his work, ' Die Ichneumonon,' a very 
 large list of the insects which are the victims of the Hymenopterous 
 parasites, and it will be seen that in many cases one kind is the prey 
 of several parasites, and that one parasite (among others Eurytoma, as 
 is also observed by Dr. Giraud) preys on several kinds. Others seem 
 to be exclusively attached to one victim for the maintenance of their 
 young by means of the insertion of their eggs, and to resort instinct- 
 ively for that purpose to the same kind of object whence they emerged, 
 and to succeed in finding it. It is not yet known whether a parasite, 
 of which several species are victims, has a propensity to resort for 
 oviposition to the same kind of habitation in which it passed its 
 earlier life, or whether it takes the victim that is most convenient to 
 it at once, or when it has failed to find the species whence it 
 emerged ; or, are there hereditary peculiarities in the families of the 
 same species, and does one family live exclusively, generation after 
 generation, in the larvae of beetles, another in the larvae of moths, 
 another in Cynips larva), and another in Dipterous larvae ? 
 
 The species recorded as E. Abrotani in the Brit. Mus. List of 
 Chalcidiae, p. 8, may be identical with E. tibialis, Zett. Boh. Kongl. 
 Vet. Ak. Handb. (1835), 232, and with E. rubicola, Giraud. 
 
 The species of Eurytoma described by Boheman have been all 
 recorded in the above-mentioned list, with the following exceptions, of 
 which the second and, perhaps, the third are species of Isosoma, 
 — E. maura, E. pilicornis, E. brevicornis, E. pubicornis, E. obscura. 
 
 Isosoma flavimana is mentioned inadvertently as a Eurytoma 
 in this list. 
 
 Zetterstedt, in his ' Insecta Lapponica,' describes Eurytoma 
 guttula and E. minuta : the first may be identical with Isosoma 
 verticillata ; aud the second with I. minor. 
 
 Eurytoma atra, Nees, is probably not one of the Eurytomidae. 
 
 Among the species described by Foerster .Eurytoma gracilis, E. 
 scabra, E. pumila, E. petiolata and E. punctulata are Eurytoma?. 
 E. fla_yjp_£s and E. humeralis belong to Isosoma. 
 
KURYTOMTD-E. 91 
 
 The two following species are described by Ratzeburg, in addition 
 to those before mentioned : — E. microneura, E. brunneiventris. 
 
 Some of the European species of Eurytoma may be arranged in the 
 following groups : — 
 
 Male. Antennae setaceous, nodose, verticillate-pilose, as long as 
 the thorax. 
 
 Group 1. — plumata, Serratulae, curta, Abrotani, apicalis, collaris, 
 annulipes, atra s nodularis. 
 
 Antennas longer and more slender than those of the first group, 
 longipennis. 
 
 Antennas shorter and more compact than those of the first group, 
 platyptera. 
 
 Antennae less dilated than those of the three preceding groups, 
 more compact than those of the first group, tumida, rufipes, Scul- 
 tenna, brevicollis. 
 
 Antennae of the female : — 
 
 Group 1. — plumata, Serratulae, curta> annulipes , rufipes, aethiops, 
 nodularis. 
 
 Group 2. — tumida, Abrotani. 
 Group 3. — collaris. 
 Group 4.— atra. 
 Group 5. — platyptera. 
 
 Variations of the wing-veins :— 
 
 Group 1. — Ulna about one-fifth of the length of the humerus; 
 radius longer than the ulna, plumata, Serratulae, rufipes. 
 
 Group 2. — Ulna about one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; 
 radius a little shorter than the ulna. Argele, fumipennis, tumida, 
 platyptera, gracilis, brevicollis. 
 
 Group 3. — Ulna nearly one-third of the length of the humerus : 
 radius as long as the ulna, longipennis. 
 
 Group 4. — Ulna about one-third of the length of the humerus ; 
 radius as long as the ulna. atra. 
 
 Group 5. — Ulna about one-third of the length of the humerus ; 
 radius a little shorter than the ulna, curta, Abrotani, apicalis, 
 collaris, Scultenna, annulipes, Micipsa, aethiops. 
 
 With regard to the North-American Eurytomae, E. Hecale, 
 Abatos, Cretheis, Iphis, Pythes and Teredon agree with E. longi- 
 pennis in the form of the prothorax. Tho form of the metathorax in 
 all these species, except the first, is like that of the preceding first 
 group of the European species; in E. Hecale its longitudinal sutures 
 
22 NOTES ON CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 are all distinct, and each of them is alternate with a row of punctures. 
 The petiole is longer than the metathorax in E. Cretheis and 
 Teredon ; but in E. Hecale, Abatos, Iphis and Pythes the meta- 
 thorax is longer than the petiole. 
 
 The six preceding species were found in Florida, and appear to 
 differ from the seven following species described by Dr. Walsh ; — 
 
 1. E. bicolor. Beared from a fungoid swelling on the oak. 
 
 2. E. prunicola. Reared from a gall on Quercus Prunus. Var. 
 globulicola. Reared from a gall on Q. globulus. 
 
 3. E. auriceps. Reared from oak-galls and from rose-galls. Var. 
 seminatrix. Reared from oak-galls. 
 
 4. E. punctiventris. Reared from oak-galls. 
 
 5. E. abnormicornis. 
 
 6. E. Diastrophi. Reared from the above-mentioned fungus and 
 from bramble-galls. E. Bolteri, Riley, reared from the gall of 
 Gelecbia gallsesolidaginis, is said, by Dr. Walsh, to be a variety of 
 E. Diastrophi, but it may be another specie- 
 
 7. E. studiosa, Say. This species is not ex'blusive in its selection 
 of a habitation for its offspring, but proceeds m&scrkninately to a 
 Cynips gall, to a Tenthredo gall, to a Cecidomyia gall, to an Aphis 
 gall, to a Coccus gall, or to a fuugus with the likeness of a gall ; or it 
 may consist of families or castes, each of which keeps aloof from the 
 rest, and has been brought up from .time immemorial in one kind of 
 gall. 
 
 Dr. Walsh was not able to identify E. orbiculata, Say. 
 
 Five Ceylonese species of Eurytoma have been described ; — 1. E. 
 contraria, Wlk. (albitarsis, Motsch.). 2. E. indefensa, Wlk. 3. E. 
 maculipes, Motsch. 4. E. gracilis, Motsch. 5. E. angustula, 
 Motsch. 
 
 E. Capensis inhabits South Africa. 
 
 The British species of Decatoma may be placed in the three 
 following groups according to the variations of length in the ulna : — 
 
 Group 1. — Ulna at least one-fifth of the length of the humerus. 
 Nicsea, aspilus. 
 
 Group 2. — Ulna about one-sixth of the length of the humerus, 
 biguttata, obscura, immaculata, plana, flavicollis, variegata, miuuta, 
 unicolor. 
 
 Group 3. — Ulna not more than one-tenth of the length of the 
 humerus, llavicornis, tenuicornis, mesomelas. 
 
 D. flavovaria, Ratz., may be the same as D. concinna ; and 
 D. flavoscapularis, Ratz., may be identical with D. biguttata. 
 
EURTTOMIDi!. 23 
 
 Dr. Walsh describes the five following American species of Deca- 
 toma, four of which inhabit oak-galls and one willow-galls also : — 
 varians, nigriceps, nubilistigma, hyalipennis, simplicistigma. They 
 have the same variation in the " colorational pattern " that is 
 exhibited by the British species. D. pigra, Motsch., a Ceylonese 
 species, is probably not a Decatoma. 
 
 It seems that there is no definite line between Eurytoma and 
 Isosoma, but it is advisable to retain the latter genus, I. verticillata 
 being its type, and E. plumata the type of Eurytoma. The genus 
 Tetramesa may be united to Eurytoma. 
 
 In passing away from the Eurytomida?, I wish to recommend them 
 to the attention of the public. They are especially interesting, as 
 being partly exceptions to the rule that all the Chalcidiae are beneficial 
 insects ; and much investigation is required to ascertain whether 
 some of them are wholly herbivorous and the rest wholly carnivorous, 
 or whether the species have a capacity for either means of sustenance. 
 There is a gradual transition from them to the Torymidae, by means 
 of the genera Decatoma and Megastigmus. 
 
 Genus EURYTOMA. 
 
 E. exempta. Mas. — Nigra, gracilis, E. gracili longior, subtilis- 
 sime punctata ; antennae graciles, verticillato-pilosae, thorace paullo 
 longiores, articulis petiolatis subdilatatis ; petiolus longus ; abdo- 
 men brevi-lanceolatum, valde convexum, vix compressum, thoracis 
 dimidio vix longius ; pedes nigri, genubus tarsisque fulvis ; alae 
 diaphanae, fulvo venosae. 
 
 Male. — Black, slender. Head and thorax finely punctured. 
 Antennas slender, verticillate-pilose a little longer than the thorax ; 
 joints slightly dilated on one side, with rather long petioles. Petiole 
 long. Abdomen very convex, short-lanceolate, hardly more than half 
 the length of the thorax, hardly compressed. Knees and tarsi tawny. 
 Wings pellucid ; veins dull tawny ; ulna a little more than half the 
 length of the humerus ; radius very short ; cubitus a little more than 
 half the length of the ulna. Length of the body 1£ line. 
 
 The body is longer than that of E. gracilis, which it most 
 resembles. 
 
 England. 
 
 E. intermissa. Fcem. — Nigra, gracillima, subtiliter punctata; 
 antennae graciles, subclavatae, thorace multo breviores ; petiolus 
 brevis ; abdomen lanceolatum, glabrum, nitens, thorace paullo lon- 
 gius ; pedes nigri, genubus tarsisque albidis ; alae diaphanae, albido 
 
24 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.E. 
 
 venosas. E. gracili affinis ; differt antennis gracilioribus, petiolo 
 longiore, alarum veiiis pallidioribus. 
 
 Female. — Black, very slender. Head and thorax finely punctured. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennas slender, subclavate, 
 much shorter than the thorax. Petiole short, distinct. Abdomen 
 lanceolate, smooth, shining, a little longer than the thorax. Legs 
 black ; knees and tarsi whitish. Wings pellucid ; veins dingy 
 whitish ; ulna about one-third of the length of the humerus ; radius 
 much shorter than the ulna ; cubitus a little shorter than the radius. 
 Length of the body 1^ line. 
 
 Most allied to E. gracilis, from which the more slender antennae, 
 the longer petiole and the paler wing-veins distinguish it. 
 
 England. 
 
 Genus ISOSOMA. 
 
 I. juncea. Mas. — Nigra, nitens, gracillima; antennas graciles, 
 filiformes, verticillato-pilosae, thoraci asquilongas, articulo lo subin- 
 crassato ; petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen convexum, longi-fusiforme, 
 thorace angustius et multo brevius ; pedes graciles, tarsis quatuor 
 posterioribus genubusque albido-testaceis, illis apice tarsisque autjcis 
 pallide fuscescentibus ; alas angustas, diaphanas, testaceo pallido 
 venosse. 
 
 Male. — Black, very slender. Head and thorax shiniug, extremely 
 finely punctured. Head broader than the thorax. Antennas slender, 
 filiform, verticillate-pilose, as long as the thorax ; scape slightly 
 incrassated ; intermediate joints linear. Petiole very short. Abdo- 
 men convex, smooth, elongate-fusiform, narrower and much shorter 
 than the thorax. Legs slender ; knees, four posterior tarsi and tips 
 of tibiae whitish testaceous ; fore tarsi and tips of four posterior tarsi 
 pale brownish. Wings narrow, pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; ulna 
 about one-third of the length of the humerus ; radius about one-third 
 of the length of the ulna, a little longer than the cubitus. Length of 
 the body 1 line. 
 
 More slender than I. minor and than I. lineuris. Antennas stouter 
 than those of I. brevis. 
 
 I have not been able to see any humeral spots on the prothorax of 
 the single specimen of this species. 
 England. 
 
 I. kobusta. Mas. — Nigra; antennas sat validas, verticillato-pilosas, 
 thoraci BBquilongs; prothoracis macuhu laterales picee, pMVCB ; peti- 
 olus brevissimus ; abdomen cllipticum, convexum, thorace multo 
 
EUEYTOMID.E. 25 
 
 brevius ; pedes sat validi, genubus tarsisque fulvis ; alae anticae vix 
 fuscescentes, fusco venosae. 
 
 Male. — Black. Head and thorax very finely punctured. Head a 
 little broader than the thorax. Antennae rather stout, verticillate- 
 pilose, as long as the thorax ; joints linear. Humeral spots piceous, 
 small. Petiole very short. Abdomen elliptical, convex, smooth, very 
 much shorter than the thorax. Legs rather stout ; knees and tarsi 
 tawny. Fore wings hardly brownish ; veins brown ; ulna about half 
 the length of the humerus ; cubitus about one-fourth of the length of 
 the ulna, longer than the radius. Length of the body 1 line. 
 
 The stouter antennae, and the shorter and broader abdomen distin- 
 guish this species from I. brevis. 
 
 England. 
 
 I. lativenthis. Fwm. — Nigra, gracilis, subtilissime punctata ; 
 antennae subclavatae, thorace multo breviores ; prothoracis maculae 
 laterales albidae, maxima? ; petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen ellipticum, 
 glabrum, nitens, subdepressum, thorace paullo latius multo brevius ; 
 pedes nigri, tibiis piceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tibiis basi tarsisque 
 testaceis ; alae anticae pallidissime fuscescentes, testaceo venosse, basi 
 diaphanae. 
 
 Female. — Black, slender. Head and thorax very finely punctured. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae subclavate, much 
 shorter than the thorax ; second joint livid at the tip. Humeral spots 
 dingy whitish, transverse, each occupying about one-third of the 
 breadth of the prothorax. Petiole very short. Abdomen elliptical, 
 smooth, shining, rather flat, a little broader and much shorter than 
 the thorax ; first segment occupying most of the dorsum. Oviduct 
 testaceous. Legs black ; tibiae piceous ; tips of femora and of tibiae, 
 tibiae at the basi and tarsi testaceous. Fore wings very pale 
 brownish, pellucid towards the base ; veins testaceous ; ulna about 
 one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius and cubitus much 
 shorter than the ulna. Length of the body 1J line. 
 
 Madeira. 
 
 I. jequalts. Fcem. — Nigra, subtilissime punctata ; antennae 
 graciles, subclavatae, thorace valde breviores, clava fusiformi ; protho- 
 racis maculae laterales testaceae, parvae ; petiolus brevissimus ; abdo- 
 men fusiforme, convexum, glabrum, nitens, thorace multo brevius ; 
 pedes nigri, femoribus tibiisque apice tibiis basi tarsisque testaceis ; 
 alae anticae pallidissime fuscescentes, testaceo venosae, basi diaphanae. 
 I. lineari affinis ; differt abdomine breviore minus acuminato. 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax very finely punctured. Head 
 
20 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.£. 
 
 a little broader than the thorax. Antennae slender, subclavate, very 
 much shorter than the thorax ; club fusiform, thrice the length of the 
 preceding joint. Humeral spots testaceous, small. Petiole extremely 
 short. Abdomen fusiform, convex, smooth, shining, much shorter 
 than the thorax. Legs black ; tips of femora and of tibiae, tibiae at the 
 base and tarsi testaceous. Fore wings very pale brownish, pellucid 
 towards the base ; veins testaceous ; ulna about one-fourth of the 
 length of the humerus ; radius and cubitus much shorter than the 
 ulna. Length of the body l£ line. 
 
 The abdomen is shorter and less acuminated hiudward than that 
 of I. linearis. The longer and broader fore wings distinguish it from 
 I. angustata. 
 
 Madeira. 
 
 I. antica. Fcem. — Nigra, subtilissime punctata ; antennae sub- 
 clavatae, thorace multo breviores, clava liueari apice couica ; protho- 
 racis maculae laterales testaceae, minimae ; petiolus brevissimus ; 
 abdomen fusiforme, glabrum, nitens, supra planum, thorace paullo 
 brevius ; pedes nigri, tibiis quatuor posterioribus piceis, femorilms 
 tibiisque apice tibiis anticis tarsisque flavescentibus, tarsis apice 
 piceis, alis anticis disco subtestaceo venis flavescentibus. I. lineari 
 affinis ; differt antennis lougioribus crassioribus, thorace breviore, 
 abdomine longiore. 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax very finely punctured. Head 
 a little broader than the thorax. Antennae subclavate, very much 
 shorter than the thorax ; club linear, conical towards the tip, about 
 thrice the length of the preceding joint. Humeral spots testaceous, 
 very small. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen fusiform, smooth, 
 shining, flat above, a little shorter than the thorax. Legs black ; 
 four posterior tibiae piceous ; tips of femora and of tibiae, tarsi and 
 fore tibiae yellowish ; tarsi with piceous tips. Fore wings with a 
 slight testaceous tinge in the disk adjoining the ulna ; veins yellowish ; 
 ulna about one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius and 
 cubitus much shorter thau the ulna. Length of the body 1 \ line. 
 
 It much resembles I. linearis ; the antennae are longer and 
 stouter ; thorax is shorter and the abdomen is longer. 
 
 Madeira. 
 
 I. subfumata. Mas. — Nigra, gracillima, subtilissime punctata ; 
 antennae verticillato-pilosae, thorace longiores, articulis linearibus non 
 petiolatis ; thorax postice attenuatus ; prothoracis maculae laterales 
 flavae, sat magnae ; petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen sublineare, 
 glabrum, nitens, fere planum, thoracis dimidio paullo longius ; 
 pedes nigri, graciles, tibiis basi apiceque femoribus anticis apice 
 
TORYMID^E. 87 
 
 tarsisque pallida flavis ; alae anticae vix fuscescentes, venis pallide 
 fuscescentibus. 
 
 Male. — Black, very slender. Head and thorax very finely punc- 
 tured, somewhat shining. Head rather broader than the thorax. 
 Antenna? verticillate-pilose, longer than the thorax ; intermediate 
 joints long, nearly linear, not petiolated. Thorax long, attenuated 
 hindward. Humeral spots pale yellow, transverse, each occupying a 
 little more than one-fourth of the breadth of the prothorax. Petiole 
 extremely short. Abdomen smooth, shining, nearly linear, rather flat 
 above, a little more than half the length of the thorax. Legs black, 
 long, slender, tibiae at the base and at the tips, fore femora at the tips 
 and tarsi pale yellow. Fore wings very slightly clouded with pale 
 brownish ; veins pale brownish ; ulna about one-fourth of the length 
 of the humerus ; radius and cubitus much shorter than the ulna. 
 Length of the body 1-J — 1£ line. 
 
 It much resembles I. Nepe ; the antennae are a little longer, the 
 hind part of the thorax is more elongated and the wing- veins are 
 paler. The darker fore wings, and more especially the darker wing- 
 veins, distinguish it from I. minor and from I. brevis. It is more 
 slender than I. cornuta, and has shorter antennae than I. 
 longicornis. 
 
 Madeira. 
 
 Fam. TORYMIDiE. 
 
 The occupation of this family, like that of the Eurytomidae, is, with 
 a few exceptions, in galls, and they are especially adapted to destroy 
 their predecessors in the galls, for nearly all the species are provided 
 with a long projecting oviduct, which in some species is of sufficient 
 length to reach the central inhabitant of the largest gall. The general 
 colour of the family is golden green, of which hue there is no trace in 
 the Eurytomidae, but a gradation between the two families appears in 
 Megastigmus : the yellow or luteous body of the latter genus is in 
 M. dorsalis partly overspread with golden green, borrowed from the 
 species of Callimome, with which it is associated in oak-apples. The 
 European genera have been distinguished according to the following 
 synopsis: — 
 
 A. Hind femora with spines, and also serrated or notched. 
 
 a. Hind tibiae much curved. - - Podagrion. 
 
 b. Hind tibiae not curved. - - - Torymus. 
 
 B. Hind femora with spines. 
 
 a. Hind coxae with spines. - - - Monodontomerus. 
 
 b. Hind coxae without spines. - - Diomorus. 
 
 c. Hind femora serrated. - - - Oligosthenus. 
 
28 NOTES ON CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 C. Hind femora without spines and not serrated. 
 
 a. Radius of the fore wings as long as, or 
 
 longer than, the ulua; cubitus with a 
 
 thick knob. .... Megastigmus. 
 
 b. Radius much shorter thau the ulna; cubitus 
 
 with no thick knob. 
 * Scutellum near the tip with a strongly im- 
 pressed transverse line. - - Stntomaspis. 
 ** Scutellum with no strongly impressed trans- 
 verse line. 
 f Sutures of the parapsides coming close to 
 
 the scutellum. ... Lochctes. 
 
 If Sutures of the parapsides at some distance 
 
 from the scutellum. ... Callimome. 
 
 Podagrion is found in most parts of the world, and is represented 
 by a few species, which feed on the eggs of the Mantis tribe. 
 
 Palmon pachymems is a synonym of Podagrion splendens ; the 
 latter genus and Bachyrischion, Costa, are identical. 
 
 Torymus (Cryptopristus, Foerster) includes the following species : — 
 caliginosus, calcaratus, laticornis, macromerus, intermedius, fulvo- 
 cinctus and Syrphi. T. calcaratus is associated with Megastigmus 
 giganteus in the single-chambered Mediterranean oak-gall. 
 
 Monodontomerus is represented by M. dentipes, Anthophorae, inter- 
 medius, militaris and vacillans, and is a parasite of bees ; it also 
 includes M. Phormio, a South-American species. 
 
 Diomorus has two species, nobilis and Kollari ; it can hardly 
 include Torymus tarsatus, Nees, and T. dubius, Nees, which have a 
 depressed abdomen. 
 
 Oligosthenus is founded on O. stigma, 0. ater and 0. tibialis. 
 O. stigma is exclusively attached to the large pincushion-rose-gall, 
 where, in conjunction with Callimome bedeguaris and a species of 
 Porizon, it limits the increase of Rhodites Rosae. 
 
 L. Papaveris is the only species known of Lochites. 
 
 Syntomaspis is closely allied to Callimome, and is represented by 
 chrysis, euryuotus, lazulinus, macrurus. 
 
 Megastigmus contains a few European species, a few in Australia 
 of small size, and two rather large Californian species, M. Pinus and 
 M. albifrons. 
 
 Torymus erythrothorax, Nees, is perhaps a synonym of M. collaris, 
 Boh., and of M. strobilobius, Ratz. Tbe oviduct of M. Bohemanni 
 Rate., reaches to the scutellum, and that of M. brevicaudis, Ratz., is 
 hardly as long as the abdomen. 
 
 The species of Callimome are very numerous, and appear to be 
 exclusively in attendance on galls. Tbeir colour is golden green, 
 
TORTMIPiE. 29 
 
 replaced in a few species by blue or by purple, or by reddish cupreous. 
 When a reddish or yellowish hue appears it is only on the abdomen, 
 where it forms a band or occupies tbe basal part. 
 
 C. nigricornis perhaps is brought up exclusively in oak-apples, and 
 its long oviduct is exactly adapted to the probing of these from the 
 outside to the middle, and when it (the next generation) has emerged 
 thence in its perfect form, and is about to seek a suitable place for 
 its eggs it resorts to a more recent oak-apple by instinct. When the 
 oak-apple has attained its full size the grub in the middle of it is 
 only accessible to C. nigricornis, but when the oak-apple is of small 
 size this grub is liable to the attacks of other species of Callimome. 
 Some species of this genus dwell both in oak-apples and in other oak- 
 galls, and having comparatively short oviducts they limit their egg- 
 laying to the more or less superficial inhabitants of the oak-apples. 
 These have the choice of two means of bringing up the ensuing 
 generation, and when they leave the old oak-apples and cannot find 
 convenient fresh oak-apples they may resort to the oak-currants, and 
 when they take wing from the oak-currants and can find none of that 
 year's growth they may fly to the oak-apples. It will be said that 
 when both ways of subsistence are equally attainable, the flies from 
 oak-apples will select oak-apples, and those from oak-currants will 
 prefer oak-currants by " the law of inheritance." 
 
 The European species of Calhmome, with a few exceptions, are 
 included in the following Synopsis :-=»■ 
 
 A. Oviduct more than twice the length of the body. 
 
 a. Abdomen not blue-aeneous. - - nigricornis, Fabr. 
 
 b. Abdomen blue-aeneous. - - cyaneus, Fons. 
 
 B. Oviduct a little less than twice the length 
 
 of the body. ... - saphiriuus, Boh. 
 
 crinicaudis, Ratz. chalybaeus, Ratz. 
 
 C. Oviduct longer by half than the body. 
 
 a. Abdomen pale at the base. - - cynipedis, Linn. 
 
 b. Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 * Body blue. .... azureus, Boh. 
 
 ** Body green. - quercinus, Boh. 
 
 *** Body cupreous. ... speciosus, Boh. 
 
 D. Oviduct longer than the body. - - Devoniensis, Parfitt. 
 
 annulatus, Spin', macrocentrus, Ratz. 
 
 E. Oviduct a little longer than the body. - elegaus, Boh. 
 
 Forsteri, Ratz, Lasiopterse, Gir. 
 
 F. Oviduct hardly longer than the body. - Druparum, Boh. 
 
 G. Oviduct as long as the body. 
 a. Abdomen pale at the base. 
 
30 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDI/E. 
 
 b. 
 
 * 
 t 
 
 §§ 
 §§§ 
 
 H. 
 a. 
 b. 
 
 ft 
 
 m 
 
 tm 
 
 i. 
 
 a. 
 b. 
 
 * 
 
 11 
 
 J. 
 
 a. 
 
 * 
 * * 
 
 b. 
 K. 
 
 a. 
 
 Legs yellow. .... 
 
 Legs ferruginous. 
 
 Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 Fore wings clouded. 
 
 Fore wings not clouded. 
 
 Body blue. .... 
 
 Body not blue. 
 
 Tarsi black. .... 
 
 Tarsi yellow. 
 
 Body green. .... 
 
 Body blue. - 
 
 Body cupreous. 
 
 Oviduct hardly shorter than the body. 
 
 Abdomen pale at the base. 
 
 Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 Wings broad. .... 
 
 Wings not broad. 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 Veins brown. .... 
 
 Veins pale .... 
 
 Wings white. .... 
 
 Wings nearly pellucid. - 
 
 Wings cinereous. 
 
 Oviduct a little shorter than the body. 
 
 Abdomen pale at the base. 
 
 Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 Thorax violet blue. 
 
 Thorax not violet-blue. 
 
 Wings brownish. 
 
 Legs pale red. - 
 
 Legs yellow. .... 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 "Wings short. - 
 
 Wings long. .... 
 
 Oviduct more than half the length of the 
 
 Fore wings not clouded. 
 
 Size large. .... 
 
 Size small. .... 
 
 Fore wings spotted. 
 
 Oviduct longer by half than the abdomen 
 
 Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 cingulatus, Xees. 
 
 Cyniphidum, Ratz. 
 
 aeneus, Nees. 
 
 rubripes, Ratz. 
 
 fuliginosus, Spin. 
 
 sapphyrinus, Fonsc. 
 
 nigritarsus, Wlk. 
 
 pallidicornis, Boh. 
 
 contubernalis, Boh. 
 
 fuscipes, Boh. 
 
 abdominalis, Boh. 
 
 macropterus, Wlk, 
 
 terminalis, Wlk. 
 
 abbreviatus, Boh. 
 
 leucopterus, Wlk. 
 
 amuonus, Boh. 
 
 divisus, TI7A-. 
 
 nobilis, Boh. 
 
 aumlentus, Nees. 
 
 Bedeguaris, Linn. 
 meridioualis, 1J7A\ 
 
 micropterus, Wlk. 
 Euphorbia?, De Lap. 
 
 pallitarsis, Foerst. 
 body. 
 
 formosus. Wlk. 
 
 chlorocopes, Boh. 
 
 Kaltenbachi, Foerst, 
 
TOUYMIDjE. 
 
 31 
 
 f Body green. 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 b. 
 
 ** 
 L. 
 
 M. 
 
 N. 
 
 O. 
 P. 
 
 a. 
 
 b. 
 f 
 
 tt 
 
 t 
 + 
 
 § 
 
 §§ 
 
 + 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 ++ 
 
 ft 
 ++ 
 
 ttt 
 
 Body blue. 
 
 Wings nearly hyaline. - 
 Wings brownish 
 Abdomen pale at the base. 
 Wings brown. - 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 Oviduct as long as the abdomen 
 thorax, excepting the prothorax. 
 
 and 
 
 Oviduct as long as three-eighths of the 
 
 body. .... 
 
 Oviduct as long as two-fifths of the body. 
 
 Oviduct rather longer the abdomen. 
 Oviduct a little longer than the abdomen. 
 Body much contracted. - 
 
 Body not much contracted. 
 
 Body blue. .... 
 
 Body green. 
 
 Antenna? slender. 
 
 Fore wings yellowish. - 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 Antennas stout. 
 
 Antennae black. 
 
 Wings nearly pellucid. 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 Body stout. 
 
 Fore wings with a small stigma. 
 
 Fore wings with a very small stigma. 
 
 Body slender. .... 
 
 Antenna? brown. 
 
 Antenna? ? 
 
 viridis, 
 Oviduct as long as the abdomen. 
 Abdomen pale at the base. 
 Abdomen uot pale at the base. 
 Antenna? black. 
 Fore wings spotted. 
 Fore wings not spotted. 
 Wings pellucid. 
 Legs wholly yellow. 
 Legs partly dark. 
 
 euchlorus, Boh. 
 
 appropinquens, Ratz. 
 
 cyaneus, Fabr. 
 
 fastuosus, Boh. 
 
 parellinus, Boh. 
 
 chrysocephalus, Boh. 
 Angelica?, Wlk. 
 
 splendidus, Foerst. 
 chlorinus, Foerst. 
 
 Nordlingeri, Ratz. 
 
 cultriventris, Ratz. 
 
 pumilus, Ratz. 
 
 strenuus, Wlk. 
 
 contractus, Ratz. 
 robustus, Ratz. 
 
 amethystinus, Boh. 
 
 Hedera?, Wlk. 
 leptocerus, Wlk. 
 
 flavipes, Wlk. 
 
 autumnalis, Wlk. 
 
 microstigma, Wlk. 
 
 Galii, Boh. 
 
 exilis, Wlk. 
 
 propinquus, Foerst. 
 
 Foerst. dubius, Ratz. 
 
 quadricolor, Wlk. 
 
 spilopterus, Boh. 
 
 auratus, Enc. Meth. 
 
39 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDI^;. 
 
 + 
 
 + + 
 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 tt 
 
 § 
 §§ 
 
 ** 
 
 K 
 
 S. 
 a. 
 * 
 
 ** 
 b. 
 
 T. 
 
 V. 
 
 a. 
 
 b. 
 
 Legs reddish. - 
 Legs yellow. 
 Abdomen green. 
 Antennae clavate. 
 
 Antennae subclavate. 
 
 Abdomen purple. 
 
 Wings brownish. 
 
 Body slender. 
 
 Body broad. 
 
 Antennae brown. 
 
 Oviduct hardly as long as the abdomen. 
 
 Oviduct shorter than the abdomen. 
 
 Wings pellucid. 
 
 Body narrow. - 
 
 confinis, Wlk. 
 
 curtus, Wlk. 
 
 inconspectus, Wlk. 
 
 mutabilis, Wlk. 
 
 bicolor,- Wlk. minutus, Wlk. 
 
 • purpurascens, Fair. 
 
 basalis, Wlk. 
 
 latus, Wlk. 
 
 fuscicornis, Wlk. 
 
 cupratus, Boh. 
 
 - chlorinus, Wlk. 
 Resinans, Ratz. 
 Capreae, De Lap. 
 
 Body rather broad. 
 
 Wings brownish. 
 
 Legs tawny. .... viridiaeneus, Wlk. 
 
 Legs green. .... Arvernicus, Wlk. 
 
 Oviduct less than half the length of the 
 
 abdomen. .... brachyurus, Boh. 
 Oviduct hardly extending beyond the abdomen. 
 Wings brownish. 
 
 Legs straw-colour. - - ■> nitens, Wlk. 
 
 Legs pale red. - brevicauda, Wlk. 
 
 Wings pellucid. - - - abdominalis, Wlk. 
 
 Male. 
 
 A. Abdomen pale at the base. 
 
 a. Fore wings spotted. 
 
 b. Fore wings not spotted. 
 
 B. Abdomen not pale at the base. 
 
 a. Antennae brown, black at the base. 
 
 b. Antennae black. 
 * Body not black. 
 
 f Wings pellucid, or nearly so. - 
 
 tarsus, Wlk. versicolor, Wlk. 
 
 regalis, Wlk. 
 pretiosus, 1I7A-. 
 
 microcerUs, Wlk. 
 
 moestus, Wlk. straminei- 
 modestus, Foerst. asso- 
 
 ciates, Foerst. 
 (t Wings yellowish. 
 fit Wings brownish. 
 
 ft ff Wings brown. - 
 ** Body black. 
 
 distinctus, Foerst. 
 
 antennatus, Wlk. 
 
 congener, Foerst. 
 
 rufipes, Foerst. 
 
 apicalis, Wlk. 
 
 purpurascens, Boh. 
 
 fuscipennis, Wlk. 
 
 ater, Wlk. 
 
TOKYMID^E. 33 
 
 The species of Callimome described by Boheman are all recorded in 
 the list of Chalcidise for the British Museum, with the following 
 exceptions : — C. azureus, speciosus, contubernalis, fuscipes, abdomin- 
 alis, chlorocopes, cyaneus, amethystinus, purpurascens, cupratus, 
 brachycerus. These are inserted in the preceding Synopsis of the 
 species. 
 
 The abdomen of C. fuliginosus, Spin., and of C. annulatus, Spin., 
 is short and depressed, and they differ thereby from the rest of the 
 European species of this family, and perhaps do not belong to it. 
 C. longicauda and C. crinicaudis, Ratz., are perhaps identical with 
 C. nigricornis. 
 
 Torymus fasciatus, Nees (Cynips fasciata, Fans. Ann. Sci. Nat. 
 1832, 288), appears to be a species of Decatoma. 
 
 Callimome viridissimus, Zett., includes four species of that genus. 
 C. caudatus, Nees, is perhaps C. saphirinus. C. difficilis, Nees, may 
 be C. flavipes. C. globiceps, Nees (Ichn. globiceps, Ratz.), is perhaps 
 not a Callimome. C. nitidulus, Nees, may be a small variety of 
 C. nobilis. C. quercicola, Nees, is the same as C. cingulatus. C. minor, 
 Ratz., may be a Monodontomerus. C. Dresdensis, metallicus and 
 anephelus may be Diomori. C. cultriventris, Nordlingeri and con- 
 fluens, Ratz., have been reared from the conical galls formed on 
 beech-leaves by Cecidomyia Fagi : these galls have been lately ob- 
 served in England. I have seen abundance of them in Belgium, in 
 Switzerland, and in some parts of France, and have reared one 
 species of Callimome from them. In the description of C. obscuripes, 
 Foerst., the length of the oviduct is not stated. C. igneiventris, Costa, 
 is an inhabitant of South Italy. 
 
 The North-American species of Callimome are as yet little 
 known ; only seven have been described, two of which were found at 
 St. Martin's Falls, in Hudson's Bay, and two in Florida : they much 
 resemble the European species. C. pavidus and C. ocreatus inhabit 
 Indiana, and are described by Say. The South-American and 
 Australian examples of Callimome are smaller than most of those in 
 Europe, and the species described as C. sulcus is probably a Mega- 
 stigmus. C. Ceylonica, Motsch., is the only Asiatic species yet 
 described. 
 
 The exotic genera of Torymidae are not numerous. I have not 
 seen Pelecinella, Westiv., nor Pachytomus, Westw., which are said to 
 belong to this family. Pachytomus may be one of the Agaonidse, 
 Ecdamua is remarkable on account of its excessively long oviduct, 
 and the indications of the genus Metamorpha to a remote affinity 
 with Leucospis bave been before mentioned. 
 
 Platyscapa, Motsch., and Platyneura, Motsch., do not belong to the 
 Torymidae. 
 
34 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.£. 
 
 Genus CALLIMOME. 
 
 C. strenuus. Warn. — Aureo-viridis, cupreo varius ; antennae 
 nigrae, robusta?, subclavatae, thorace paullo breviores, scapo luteo ; 
 abdomen basi cupreum, tborace paullo longius ; oviductus abdoraine 
 longior ; pedes flari, femoribus tibiisque posticis uigricantibus basi 
 apiceque flavis, tarsis pallidissirne flavis ; alee anticae disco pallidissime 
 fuscescentes. C. macroptero affinis ; alae anticae paullo angustiores. 
 
 Female. — Golden green. Head and tborax finely squamous, partly 
 cupreous. Head a little broader tban the thorax. Antennae black, 
 stout, subclavate, a little shorter than the thorax ; first joint luteous. 
 Abdomen cupreous at the base, a little longer than the thorax. 
 Sheath of the oviduct rather longer than the abdomen. Legs 
 yellow ; hind femora and hind tibiae blackish, except at the base 
 and at the tips ; tarsi very pale yellow. Wings pellucid ; veins 
 tawny ; ulna much shorter than the humerus ; radius about one- 
 fourth of the length of the ulna ; cubitus very short. Length of 
 the body 1? line. 
 
 Near C. macropterus : the fore wings are a little narrower, and 
 have a faint brownish tinge in the disk. 
 
 England. In Dr. Chapman's collection. 
 
 C. divisus. Fcem. — Cyaneo-viridis ; frons aureo-viridis ; antennae 
 nigrae, subclavatae, thorace paullo breviores ; scapo fulvo ; abdomen 
 cupreum, basi cyaneo-viride ; oviductus corpore perpaullo brevior; 
 pedes lutei, tarsis quatuor posterioribus pallide flavis ; alae anticae 
 cinereae, fulvo venosae. C. elegati affinis; oviductus brevior. 
 
 Female. — Very bright bluish green, slender. Head and thorax 
 finely squamous. Head as broad as the thorax ; front bright golden 
 green. Antennae black, subclavate ; a little shorter than the thorax ; 
 first joint tawny. Pro thorax short. Sutures of the parapsides 
 strongly marked ; scutellum elliptical, with a few short whitish 
 bristles. Abdomen smooth cupreous, brilliant, bright bluish green at 
 the base, with a few short bristles towards the tip, as long as the 
 thorax. Sheath of the oviduct nearly as long as the body. Legs 
 luteous ; four posterior tarsi pale yellow. Wings cinereous ; veins 
 tawny ; ulna about half the length of the humerus ; radius much 
 shorter than the ulna ; cubitus and stigma black, the former extremely 
 short. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Nearly allied to C. elegans, but the oviduct is shorter. 
 
 Torla, Spain. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
TORYMID.E. 35 
 
 Genus MEGASTIGMUS. 
 
 M. PiSTACiiE, Holiday MS. Fcem. — Pallide testaceus ; frons 
 albida ; antenna? fulva?, fere filiformes, thorace multo breviores, scapo 
 pallide testaceo ; thorax fulvo univittatus, abdomen subfusiforme, 
 thorace brevius, segmentis fuscescente fasciatis ; oviductus niger, 
 abdomini a?quilongus ; pedes albidi ; ala? diaphana?, testaceo venosa?, 
 stigmate nigro. 
 
 Female. — Pale testaceous. Head a little broader than the thorax ; 
 front whitish. Eyes red. Antenna? tawny, nearly filiform, much 
 shorter than the thorax ; first pale testaceous ; club lanceolate. 
 Thorax with a tawny stripe, in structure like that of M. dorsalis. 
 Petiole extremely short. Abdomen subfusiform, shorter than the 
 thorax, with a brownish band on each segment. Sheath of the 
 oviduct black, slightly curved, as long as the abdomen. Legs whitish. 
 Wings pellucid ; veins testaceous ; ulna about one-fourth of the length 
 of the humerus ; radius and cubitus very short ; stigma black. Length 
 of the body 1$ line. 
 
 On Pistacia lentiscus and on P. terebinthus in S. France and in 
 Tuscany. 
 
 Genus ECDAMUA. 
 
 E. Indica. Fwm. — ■Aureo-viridis, gracillima ; caput thorace latius ; 
 antenna? nigra? ; petiolus pallide flavus, gracillimus, metathoraci 
 a?quilougus ; abdomen thorace multo brevius, basi pallide flavus ; 
 oviductus corpore plus duplo longior ; pedes flavi ; ala? diaphana?, 
 testaceo pallido venosa?. 
 
 Female. — Bright golden green, very slender. Head and thorax 
 very finely squamous. Head large, broader than the thorax. Eyes 
 piceous. Antenna? black. Thorax long. Prothorax elongate-conical, 
 much developed. Scutum long ; sutures of the parapside strongly 
 marked. Metathorax slanting, tapering hindward. Petiole pale 
 yellow, very slender, as long as the metathorax. Abdomen smooth, 
 much compressed, much shorter than the thorax. Sheath of the 
 oviduct black, very slender, more than twice the length of the body. 
 Legs yellow, slender. Wings pellucid ; veins pale testaceous. 
 Length of the body 2£ lines. 
 
 The pale base of the abdomen and the nearly entirely pale legs 
 distinguish it from E. macrotelus. 
 
 Bombay. In the collection of Dr. Leith. 
 
8f> NOTES ON CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 Genus ODOPOIA, n. 
 
 Fcem. — Corpus robustuin, breve, convexum. Caput et thorax 
 aequilata, subtilissime punctata. Antennae robustae, clavatae, thorace 
 paullo breviores. Prothorax transversus, subquadratus. Mesothorax 
 brevis ; parapsidum suturae vix determinatae. Metathorax brevis, 
 abrupte declivis. Petiolus gracilis, metathoraci aequilongus. Abdo- 
 men glabrum, brevi-ellipticuin, subcompressura, valde convexum, 
 thorace brevius. Oviductus abdomine paullo longior. Pedes 
 breviusculi, sat robusti. 
 
 Female. — Body stout, short, convex. Head aud thorax very finely 
 punctured. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae stout, clavate, 
 a little shorter than the thorax. Prothorax subquadrate, well deve- 
 loped, a little narrower than the mesothorax. Mesothorax short ; 
 sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Metathorax short, abruptly 
 slanting. Petiole slender, as long as the metathorax. Abdomen 
 smooth, short-elliptical, much arched, slightly compressed, shorter 
 than the thorax. Sheath of the oviduct a little longer than the abdo- 
 men exclusive of the petiole. Legs rather short aud stout. Wings 
 moderately long and broad. 
 
 This genus shows a way to the Eurytomidae on the one hand, aud 
 on the other hand to the Torymidae, as it partakes of the characters 
 of both families : it differs very widely from Megastigmus. 
 
 0. atra. Fcem. — Atra; pedes nigri, tibiis anticis genubus tarsis- 
 que fulvis, femoribus anticis piceis apice fulvis, alis anticis fusco 
 unifasciatis. 
 
 Female. — Deep black. Eyes red. Knees, tarsi and fore tibiae 
 tawny ; fore femora piceous, their tips tawny. Wings pellucid. 
 Fore wings with a brown middle band ; veins blackish. Length of 
 the body 1 line. 
 Ceylon. 
 
 E. NEWMAN, PBINTEB, 9, DEVONSHIRE BTREET, BISH0P90ATK. 
 
NOTES 
 
 CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 Part III.— TOBYMLD.E and CHALCLDIME. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKEK, F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 E. W. JAN SON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1871. 
 
LONDON: 
 E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISHOPSGATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCmLE. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 The above figure represents Notaspis formiciformis, and, like the preceding 
 and the proposed succeeding figures in these notes, it is from a drawing of the 
 late A. H. Haliday; and I design these illustrations as a remembrance of 
 friendship and correspondence with him for upwards of forty years. 
 
 TOKYMID^E. 
 
 The species described in these notes are in the British Museum, 
 with the exception of those mentioned as being in other collections. 
 
 Genus TORYMOIDES, n. 
 
 Fcem. — Corpus gracile. Caput thorace latius. Antennae sub- 
 clavatse, thorace vix breviores ; clava lanceolata. Prothorax brevis. 
 Parapsidum suturae bene determinatae.. Metathorax brevis, fortiter 
 
38 NOTES ON CIIALCIDIiE. 
 
 punctatus, abrupte declivis. Abdomen sessile, concavum, sub- 
 compressum, tboraci aequilougum. Oviductus abdonrine vix brevior. 
 Pedes graciles. Alae amplae. 
 
 Female. — Body slender. Head and thorax convex, very finely 
 squamous. Head rather broader than the thorax. Antennae sub- 
 clavate, nearly as long as the thorax ; club lanceolate. Prothorax 
 short. Sutures of the parapsides distinct. Metathorax short, largely 
 punctured, abruptly slanting. Abdomen quite sessile, smooth, shining, 
 slightly compressed, concave above, as long as the thorax. Sheaths 
 of the oviduct nearly as long as the abdomen. Legs slender. Wings 
 ample; ulna as long as the humerus; radius short; cubitus very 
 short ; stigma small. 
 
 The structure of the abdomen distinguishes this genus from 
 Callimome, to which it is most nearly allied. 
 
 T. amabilis. Fcem. — Cyaneo-viridis ; antennae nigrae ; abdomen 
 luteum ; oviductus niger ; pedes pallide flavi, femoribus fulvis ; alae 
 diaphanae, fulvo venosae. 
 
 Female. — Bright bluish green. Eyes red. Antennae black. Abdo- 
 men luteous. Sheaths of the oviduct black. Legs pale yellow ; 
 femora tawny. Wings pellucid ; tegulae pale yellow ; veins tawny. 
 Length of the body £ hue. 
 
 Ceylon. 
 
 Spinola's term Chalcidiae for this tribe has the right of priority, 
 and therefore should be preferred to that of Pteromaliui and to the 
 more recent names. 
 
 Genus BLEPHONIRA. ' 
 
 Holmgren, Fug. Eesa, 438. 
 Allied to Podagrion. 
 
 B. fulvipes, Holmg. Fug. Eesa, 438, pi. 8, f. 0. 
 China. 
 
 Genus CALLIMOME. 
 
 C. albipes, Giraud, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ame Set: ix. 482. 
 
 The oviduct of this species is stated to be as long as the head and 
 the abdomen. It inhabits Algeria, is parasitic on lepidopterous 
 galls of Linioniastrurn Guyonianum, and connects the genera 
 Syntoinaspis and Callimome. 
 
CHALCID1D.E. 39 
 
 CHALCIDID^E. 
 
 The concluding notice of the family of Chalcidida? may be brief, as 
 the European species are comparatively few and scarce and have not 
 a prominent part in the control of other manifestations of the insect- 
 race. It is probable that the number of those ascertained to inhabit 
 other regions will be largely increased, but as yet there are many 
 instances in which only one sex of a species is known. With the 
 exception of the following family they excel all the other Chalcidiae, 
 and almost all of them have no trace of the metallic hue which is so 
 prevalent in the tribe. The list of the genera commences with the 
 extreme limits of the family or those which deviate most widely from 
 the common and peculiar characters of the family. It is doubtful 
 whether the following genus should be considered as of the 
 Chalcididae. 
 
 Genus HYBOTHORAX. 
 
 Ratzeburg Ichneumonen, dc, i. 209. 
 
 Ratzeburg says that it has affinities with Chalcis, Perilampus, 
 Eurytoma and Bothriothorax. The only known species, H. Graffii, 
 has been reared from the larvae of Myrmeleon. 
 
 Genus NOTASPIS, Wlk. 
 
 N. FOEMICIFOEMIS, Wlk. 
 
 Isle St. Vincent. 
 
 This genus differs most widely from the family likeness of the 
 Chalcididge, both in its structure and in its metallic purple colour. 
 
 Genus CHALCITELLA, Westw. 
 
 C. EVANIOIDES, WestW. 
 
 Unknown to me. 
 
 Genus DIRHINUS, Balm. 
 
 D. hesperidum, Rossi. — Europe, imperialis, Giraud. — Europe, 
 excavatus, Dalm. — Egypt and West Africa. Mauritianus, Westw.— 
 Mauritius. Himalayanus, Westw. — Himalaya. Anthracia, Wlk. — 
 Philippine Isles. 
 
 Near allied to Halticella. 
 
 Genus HALTICELLA. 
 
 With this genus I have combined Hockeria, De Lap., Phasgono- 
 phora, Westiv.. Euchalcis, Leon Dttfour (a synonym of the typical 
 Halticella?), Allocera, Sichel, and Trigonura, Sich. The species are 
 
40 NOTES ON CHALCIDI^E. 
 
 numerous and there are many which agree with Dr. Sichel's 
 definition of Phasgonophora. It is prohable that in process of time 
 the species of this family will be partitioned among an excessive 
 number of new genera. There appear to be two principal groups of 
 the typical forms of Chalcididse, the one represented by Halticella and 
 Dirhinus, the other by Smicra, Chalcis and Epitranus. Phasgono- 
 phora and Halticella agree in general structure, and I believe that 
 the low insertion of the antennae of the latter is not an important 
 character, and the late Dr. Sichel describes Phasgonophora (Subg. 
 Allocera) bicolor as having the antennae seated near the mouth. 
 Numerous forms of structure occur in the abdominal segments of the 
 female Chalcididae, but these are merely specific characters, and 
 differences in only one sex are not sufficient for the establishment of 
 genera. 
 
 Allusion has been already made to Dr. Sichel's essay on Phasgono- 
 phora ; his arrangement is as follows : — 
 
 Gen. PHASGONOPHORA. 
 
 Phasgonophorae Chalcidiformes. 
 
 Subgen. PHASGONOPHORA. 
 
 1. rufiventris, Sich. 2. thoracica, Sich. 3. conigastra, Perty. 
 4. Condalus, Wlk. 5. sulcata, Westw. 6. rubens, Klug. 7. decorata, 
 Klug. 8. pyramidea, Fabr. 9. caudata, Guer. 10. conica, Fabr. 
 
 Subgen. TRIGONURA. 
 crassicoruis, Sich. Mexico. 
 
 Phasgonophorse Halticellaeformes. 
 Subgen. ALLOCERA. 
 bicolor, Sich. 
 
 Phasgonophorse Smicriformes. 
 variegata, Sich, 
 
 Gen. CONURA, Spinola. 
 Conurae Chalcidiformes. 
 
 flavicans, Spin, scutellaris, Sich. bicolor, Brulle. dimidiata, 
 Sich. 
 
 Conurae Smicriformes. 
 punctata, Fabr. annulipes, Spin. 
 
 He suggests the name Phas. Gallica for P. conica in case it proves 
 not to be the Chalcis conica of Fabricius. 
 
CHALCIDIDjE. 41 
 
 decorata, pyramidea and caudata belong to the genus Chalcis ; 
 variegata is a Smicra, to which genus the Conurae Chalcidiformes 
 and the Conurae Smicriformes may be added. 
 
 Europe. 
 
 pusilla, Fabr. bispinosa, Spin, bifasciata, De Lap. Dargelasii, 
 Spin, clavipes, Rossi, rufitarsis, III. nigripes, Fonsc. rufipes, 
 Oliv. unicolor, Wlk. immaculata, Ressi. tenuicornis, Fonsc. 
 denticornis, Fonsc. vicina, Fonsc. nebulosa, Fonsc. hetera, De 
 Lap. Miegii, L. Duf. vetusta, L. Duf. hematomera, L. Duf. 
 tuberculata, Foerst. sexdentata, Foerst. subarmata, Foerst. tarsalis, 
 Foerst. pachycera, Foerst. conica, Fabr. fumipennis, Wlk. 
 cincticornis, Wlk. 
 
 Some few of the names here indicated as species may be merely 
 synonyms. 
 
 North America. 
 
 Onatas, Wlk. Xanticles, Wlk. perpulchra, Walsh. 
 
 Mexico, 
 rufiventris, Sichel. thoracica, Sich. crassicauda, Sich. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 conigastra, Perty. Condalus, Wlk. Hydara, Wlk. erythrotelus, 
 Wlk. dorsalis, Wlk. declarator, Wlk. basalis, Wlk. variegata, 
 Sich. dubitator, Wlk. remotor, Wlk. 
 
 North Africa. 
 
 bicolor, Sich. albomaculata, Lucas, moderator, Wlk. rubens, 
 Klug. insolita, Wlk. 
 
 insolita is inadvertently described as a species of Chalcis in the list 
 of Egyptian and Arabian Hymenoptera collected l>y J. K. Lord, Esq. 
 H. albomaculata is described by Lucas under the generic name of 
 Thorymus. 
 
 West Africa, 
 simplex, Wlk. figurator, Wlk. nigricola, Wlk. 
 
 South Africa, 
 liberator, Wlk. ruinator, Wlk. versator, Wlk. 
 
 Isle of France. 
 Mitys, Wlk. 
 
LS NOTES OX CHALCIDI.K. 
 
 West Asia, 
 bidens, Foerst. 
 
 Continental South Asia and Ceylon. 
 
 Sepyra, Wlk. sulcator, Wlk. fiuator, Wlk. rufimanus, Wlk. 
 
 inficiens, Wlk. proctotuperator, Wlk. spinator, Wlk. tentator, Wlk. 
 
 fascicornis, Wlk. pan dens, Wlk. dividens, Wlk. terminalis, Wlk. 
 tarsalis, Wlk. divisicornis, Wlk. 
 
 Eastern Archipelago. 
 
 properator, Wlk. ducator, Wlk. signator, II Ik. motator, Wlk. 
 gladiator, Wlk. lanceolator, Wlk. aequator, Wlk. ensator, Wlk. 
 validicornis, Holmgren, nasuta, Holmg. argentigera, Holmg. 
 
 Australia. 
 Proxeuus, Wlk. Eracou, Wlk. Nyssa, TJ7A-. Dexius, Wlk. 
 fabricator, Wlk. indignator, Wlk. internata, Wlk. cineraria, Wlk. 
 subfasciata, Wlk. 
 
 H. cixcTicoiixis. Faun. — Nigra; antennae fere filiforrnes, basi 
 piceae, articulo 2o apice articuloque 3o rufis ; abdomen sublanceo- 
 laturn, tborace brevius, lateribus apiceque albo pilosis ; pedes rufi, 
 femoribus posticis subincrassatis ; alae cinereae. 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax largely punctured. Head 
 broader than the thorax. Antennae slender, nearly filiform, a little 
 longer than the thorax ; first joint slender, piceous ; second piceous, 
 red towards the tip, much longer than the third, which is red. Thorax 
 shining. Petiole very short. Abdomen sublanceolate, shorter than 
 the thorax, with white hairs on each side and towards the tip. Legs 
 red ; hind femora slightly iucrassated. Wings cinereous ; veins 
 piceous ; ulna about one-sixth of the length of the humerus : radius 
 and cubitus obsolete. Length of the body 2} lines. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 H. fumipennis. Mas. — Nigra ; antennae fere filiforrnes, articulo 
 lo fulvo; abdomen ovatum, tborace multo brevius; pedes rufi, 
 femoribus posticis subtus inermibus subangulatis ; al* cinereae, 
 dimidio apicali nigricante; alae anticae macula Bubcostali nigricaute. 
 
 Male. — Black. Head and thorax largely punctured. Head a 
 little broader than tho thorax. Antennae Btout, very compact, nearly 
 filiform, a.s long as the thorax; first joint tawny. Prothorax sub- 
 quadrate, more than twice as broad as long. Sutures of the 
 
CHALCIDID.E. 43 
 
 parapsides distinct. Abdomen oval, smooth, shining, a little narrower 
 and much shorter than the thorax. Legs red; hind femora 
 incrassated, with a slight angle on the under side. Wings cine- 
 reous ; apical half blackish. Fore wings with a blackish subcostal 
 spot at the end of the vein, which is black ; ulna not more than one- 
 fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius nearly as long as the 
 ulna ; cubitus extremely short. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 H. nigmcola. Mas. — Nigra, sat gracilis ; antennae filiformes ; 
 scutellum bidentatum ; metathorax valde declivis : abdomen sub- 
 compressum, fere ellipticum, thorace brevius ; alae cinereae. 
 
 Male. — Black, rather slender, with cinereous tomentum. Head 
 and thorax very thickly and minutely punctured. Head very little 
 broader than the thorax ; front very deeply excavated. Antennae 
 filiform. Prothorax subquadrate, about four times as broad as long. 
 Sutures of the parapsides distinct. Scutellum with two short stout 
 apical teeth. Metathorax perpendicular. Petiole very short. 
 Abdomen smooth, nearly .elliptical, slightly compressed, shining 
 towards the base, shorter and a little narrower than the thorax ; 
 first and second segments very large. Hind femora incrassated. 
 Wings cinereous ; veins black, with the usual structure. Length of 
 the body If hue. 
 
 Gambia. 
 
 H. fascicoenis. Fccm. — Nigra ; antennae subfiliformes, fascia 
 latissima rufa ; tegulae rufae ; scutellum bidenticulatum ; abdomen 
 ovaturn, thorace brevius, plagis duabus subapicalibus argenteo 
 tomentosis ; pedes rufi, femoribus posticis inermibus ; alae anticae 
 cinereae, plaga subcostali parva nigricante, plaga exteriore magna 
 diffusa fuscescente. 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax very thickly and minutely 
 punctured, with cinereous pubescence. Head a little broader than the 
 prothorax ; front deeply excavated. Antennae inserted near the 
 mouth, subfiliform, a little longer than the thorax; scape red, 
 except towards the base ; flagellum red towards the base. Prothorax 
 large, quadrate. Sutures of the parapsides slightly defined ; tegulae 
 red ; scutellum with two minute apical teeth. Metathorax short, 
 decumbent, with four keels-; sides with a silvery pile. Petiole 
 extremely short. Abdomen oval, smooth, shining, acute at the tip, 
 shorter than the thorax ; a patch of silvery pile on each side near the 
 tip ; dorsal segments forming a deep edge on each side of the ventral 
 segments. Legs red ; hind femora unarmed, much incrassated. 
 Wings cinereous. Fore wings with a small blackish patch at the end 
 
44 NOTES ON CHALCrDL*. 
 
 of the vein, and with a large exterior diffuse brownish patch; veins 
 black ; ulna about one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius 
 longer than the ulna ; cubitus very short. Length of the body 2f 
 lines. 
 
 Bombay. 
 
 H. taesalis. Mas. — Nigra; antennae filiformes ; scutellum 
 bidenticulatum ; metathorax brevis, declivis, unisulcatus ; abdomen 
 ovatum, thorace multo brevius ; femor - a postica inermia ; tarsi 
 quatuor anteriores rufi ; alae anticae cinerese, plaga parva subcostali 
 fuscescente. 
 
 Male. — Black, stout, with hoary tomentum. Head and prothorax 
 extremely minutely punctured. Head as broad as the thorax ; front 
 very deeply excavated. Antennae filiform, rather stout, longer than 
 the thorax. Prothorax large, subquadrate. Sutures of the parapsides 
 distinct ; scutellum with two minute apical teeth. Metathorax short, 
 declining, with a slight longitudinal furrow. Petiole very short. 
 Abdomen oval, smooth, much shorter than the thorax ; first segment 
 shining, without tomentum, very large. Hind femora unarmed, much 
 incrassated ; four anterior tarsi red. Wings cinereous ; veins black. 
 Fore wings with a small brownish patch behind the ulna, which is 
 about one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius shorter thau 
 the ulna ; cubitus very short. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Bombay. 
 
 H.divisicornis. Fcem. — Nigra; antennae filiformes, basi apiceque 
 rufae ; tegulae rufae ; scutellum bidentatum ; abdomen sublanceolatum, 
 thorace paullo longius ; pedes rufi, femoribus posticis inermibus ; alae 
 cinerese. 
 
 Female. — Black, shining. Head and thorax very minutely punc- 
 tured, with cinereous tomentum. Head as broad as the prothorax; 
 front very deeply excavated. Antenna) filiform, inserted near the 
 mouth, a little longer than the thorax ; scape red ; ilagcllum red 
 towards the base and at the tip. Prothorax largo, subquadrate. 
 Sutures of the parapsides strongly defined : tegulae red ; scutellum 
 with two apical teeth. Metathorax short. Petiole extremely short. 
 Abdomen smooth, sublanceolate, a little longer than the thorax, 
 keeled beneath ; first segment very large. Legs red ; hind femora 
 unarmed, much incrassated. Wings cinereous. Fore wings not 
 extending to the tip of the abdomen ; veins black, in structure much 
 like those of II. fascicornis. Length of the body If liue. 
 
 Bombay. 
 
CHALCTDID.E. 45 
 
 H. cineearia. Fcem. — Nigra, crassa ; antennae graciles, fili- 
 formes ; tegulae testaceae ; scutellum a\nce unispinosum ; metathorax 
 bispinosus ; abdomen sessile, subtiliter punctatum, fere ellipticura, 
 thorace non longius ; femora postica subtus subaugulata ; alae nigri- 
 cantes, basi cinereae. 
 
 Female. — Black, very robust. Head thickly clothed with hoary 
 hairs on each side of the front, which is very deeply excavated for the 
 reception of the first joint of the antennas. Antennae inserted near 
 the mouth, slender, filiform, much longer than the thorax. Thorax 
 roughly punctured. Prothorax large, subquadrate. Sutures of the 
 parapsides well defined ; tegulae testaceous ; scutellum armed at the 
 tip with a stout obtuse spine. Metathorax with two obtuse shorter 
 spines. Abdomen shining, thick, sessile, finely punctured, nearly 
 elliptical, acute at the tip, not longer than the thorax. Legs pilose. 
 Hind femora incrassated ; edge beneath dilated aud slightly angular 
 near the tip. Wings blackish, cinereous towards the base ; veins 
 black ; ulna very short. Length of the body 5i lines. 
 
 It differs widely from all the other described species of the genus, 
 and excels them all in size. 
 
 South Australia. 
 
 H. sxjbfasciata. Fcem. — Nigra; antennae filiformes ; metathorax 
 fascia interrupta cinereo pubescente ; scutellum obtuse unidentatum ; 
 metathorax bidentatus ; abdomen sessile, thorace longius, apicem 
 versus lanceolatum ; alas anticae fuscescentes, plaga subcostali nigri- 
 cante. 
 
 Female. — Black, stout, with cinereous pubescence. Head thickly 
 punctured ; front very deeply excavated for the reception of the first 
 joint of the antennae. Antennae slender, filiform, much longer than 
 the thorax. Thorax roughly punctured. Prothorax rather large. 
 Sutures of the parapsides strongly marked ; an interrupted band of 
 cinereous pubescence at the base of the scutellum, which is armed at 
 the tip with an obtuse and stout tooth. Metathorax with two stout 
 teeth. Abdomen sessile, smooth, shining, longer than the thorax ; 
 apical part lanceolate, about half the length of the preceding part. 
 Hind femora incrassated. Wings with black veins. Fore wings 
 brownish, with a blackish patch adjoining the ulna, which, like the 
 cubitus, is very short ; humerus about twice the length of the ulna. 
 Length of the body 4i lines. 
 
 The wholly dark-coloured wings distinguish it from the other 
 Halticellae. 
 
 Australia. 
 
46 NOTES ON CHALCIDI^. 
 
 Genus CHALCIS. 
 
 Europe. 
 
 flavipes, Fabr. femorata, Panz. distinguenda, Be Lap. inter- 
 media, Nees. cingulata, De Lap. rninut.i, Linn, podagrica, Fabr. 
 pusilla, liossi. inermis, Fonsc. scubiculata, Foerst. vitripenniSi 
 Foerst. obtusata, Foerst. punotulata, Foerst. angulosa, Foerst. 
 scirripoda, Foerst. tricolor, Foerst. obtusidentata, Costa. 
 
 North America, 
 annulipes, De La}), albifrons, Walsh. 
 
 Mexico, 
 compacta, Wile, comitator, Wlk. pubescens, Wlk. 
 
 West Indies, 
 pendator, Wlk. restituta, Wlk. incerta, Cresson. robusta, 
 Cress. 
 
 Galapagos. 
 Cabira, Wlk. 
 
 South America. 
 
 caudata, Fabr. producta, Oliv. Mnestor, Wlk. Orseifi, Wlk, 
 Augarofe, II7A-. fervida, Wlk. vicuna, Wlk. striata, Wlk. aculeata, 
 Wlk. eurytomoidea, Wlk. implexa, Wlk. decreta, Wlk. separata, 
 Wlk. concitator, Wlk. Panamensis, Holmg. 
 
 North Africa, 
 albicrus, Klug. brevicornis, Klug. pubescens, King, agilis, 
 Khig. pumila, Klug. 
 
 West Africa. 
 Visellus, Wlk. Amphilochus, Wlk. Tolyctor, Wlk. ftesus, Wlk. 
 Amenocles, Wlk. 
 
 South Africa, 
 microlinea, Wlk. varipes, Wlk. 
 
 Arabia, 
 decorata, Klug. Tbis species is a peculiar form of the genus ; in 
 the female the apical part of the abdomen forms a Blender cylindrical 
 tube, like that of the South American C. separata. 
 
CHALCIDIDiE. 47 
 
 Continental South Asia and Ceylon, 
 pusilla, Fobr. Euplaeae, Hope. (Lasus? Wlk.) Alphius, Wlk. 
 responsator, Wlk. inclinator, Wlk. Amphissa, Wlk. dividens, Wlk. 
 pandens, Wlk. tarsalis, Motsch. alternipes, Wlk. mansueta, Wlk. 
 lugubris, Wlk. semirufa, Wlk. 
 
 Eastern Archipelago. 
 
 sociator, Wlk. pulchripes, Holmg. 
 
 Australia. 
 
 Phya, Wlk. Teuta, Wlk. nitator, Wlk. opponens, Wlk. Uca- 
 legon, Wlk. Sidnica, Holmg. 
 
 Several species of this genus, from remote parts of the world, have 
 much resemblance to each other. The resemblance of the insects of 
 Europe with those of North America and with those of Japan is well 
 known ; C. minuta inhabits Europe and North America ; C. flavipes 
 is found in Europe and in Japan. 
 
 Chirocera is the generic name given by Latreille to C. pectini- 
 cornis, Latr. = C. femoralis, Latr. = Chalcis Alexion, Wlk. A. H. 
 Haliday has suggested the name Hippota for the genus, as the name 
 Chirocera was previously used, but it can hardly be separated from 
 Chalcis, as the female resembles that genus in structure. 
 
 Chalcis pubescens. Foem. — Nigra ; antennarum articulus lus 
 flavus ; 2us fulvus ; tegulae fulvae ; abdomen ovatum, apicem versus 
 fulvo pubescens ; femora postica vitta superiore strigaque inferiore 
 basali flavis ; tibiae supra fulvae ; tarsi subtus fulvi ; alas anticse basi 
 fuscescentes. 
 
 Female. — Black, pubescent, minutely punctured. Antennae sub- 
 clavate, shorter than the thorax; first joint yellow; second tawny. 
 Tegulae tawny. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen oval, shining, as 
 long as the thorax ; first segment nearly as long as all the following 
 which are thickly clothed with rather long tawny hairs. Oviduct 
 hardly exserted. Hind femora with a yellow stripe above and along 
 the basal part beneath. Knees tawny. Tibiae tawny above. Tarsi 
 tawny beneath. Wings • cinereous ; veins black. Fore wings 
 brownish towards the base; ulna much shorter than the humerus ; 
 radius less than half the length of the ulna : cubitus less than half 
 the length of the radius: stigma very small. Length of the body 
 3i lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 
 
48 NOTES ON CHALCIDEE. 
 
 Very near allied to C. implexa, from which it may be distinguished 
 by the yellow basal joint of the antennae and by the yellow stripe on 
 the hind femora. 
 Mexico. In the collection of the late Dr. Sichel. 
 
 C. varipes. Fccm. — Nigra ; antennarum articulus lus rufus ; 
 scutellum bideutatum ; tegulae alboe ; metathorax abrupte declivis ; 
 abdomen longi-ovatum : pedes rufi, femoribus quatuor auterioribus 
 nigris apice albis, femoribus posticis denticulatis apice albis, tibiis 
 basi apiceque albis ; alas diaphanae. 
 
 Female. — Black, stout, with cinereous pubescence. Head and 
 thorax thickly and minutely punctured. Head very little narrower 
 than the thorax. Antennas subclavate, shorter than the thorax ; first 
 joint red. Prothorax subquadrate, its leugth in the middle not more 
 than one-eighth of its breadth. Sutures of the parapsides slight ; 
 scutellum with two short stout apical teeth. Tegulte white. Meta- 
 thorax perpendicular. Petiole very short. Abdomen elongate-oval, 
 smooth, shining, acute at the tip, narrower and a little longer than 
 the thorax ; first segment very large. Legs red ; four anterior femora 
 black, white towards the tips ; hind femora much incrassated, with 
 white tips, armed beneath with several small teeth ; tibiae white 
 towards the base and towards the tips. Wings pellucid ; veins 
 black; ulna about one-third of the length of the humerus; radius 
 less than half the length of the ulna. Length of the body 3£ lines. 
 
 South Africa. 
 
 C. semirufa. Mas. — Nigra; prothorax brevissimus; scutellum 
 inerme ; tegulae pallide flavaj ; abdomen rufum, brevi-ellipticum ; 
 pedes pallide flavi, coxis femoribusque nigris bis apice flavis, femoribus 
 posticis subtus denticulatis ; alas diaphanae. 
 
 Male. — Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum. Head and thorax 
 thickly and minutely punctured. Head as broad as the thorax. 
 Prothorax very short Sutures of the parapsides distinct ; scutellum 
 unarmed ; tegulae pale yellow. Metathorax erect. Petiole very 
 short. Abdomen red, smooth, shining, short-elliptical, much shorter 
 than the thorax ; first segment very large. Legs pale yellow; coxae 
 and femora black, the latter with yellow tips ; hind femora very thick, 
 with very minute teeth. Wings pellucid : veins black ; ulna about 
 half the' length of the humerus; radius less than half the leugth of 
 the ulna ; stigma very short. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Moulmein. 
 
 C. mansueta. Fa»i. — Nigra, sat gracilis; antennarum articulus 
 lus basi rufus; tegulas flavo-albee ; scutellum apice bideutatum; 
 
CHALCIDIDiE. 49 
 
 metathorax abrupte declivis ; abdomen brevi-lauceolatum, thorace 
 longius ; pedes pallide flavi, coxis feraoribusque runs his subtus 
 deuticulatis, feraoribus tibiisque quatuor auterioribus nigro latissime 
 unifasciatis ; alae diaphanae. 
 
 Female. — Black, rather slender. Head and thorax thickly and 
 minutely punctured. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae 
 subclavate, rather shorter than the thorax ; first joint red towards the 
 base. Length of the prothorax about one-fourth of its breadth. 
 Sutures of the parapsides distinct ; tegulae yellowish white ; scutellum 
 with two short stout apical teeth. Metathorax short, perpendicular. 
 Petiole very short. Abdomen smooth, shining, short-lanceolate, 
 somewhat longer than the thorax ; first segment very large? Legs 
 pale yellow ; hind coxae and hind femora red, the latter very thick 
 and with several minute teeth beneath ; four anterior femora and 
 tibiae with a very broad black band on each. Wings pellucid. Fore 
 wings with black veins ; ulna about half the length of the humerus ; 
 radius less than half the length of the ulna ; cubitus extremely short. 
 Length of the body 2 lines. 
 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 C. alternipes. Mas. — Nigra ; scutellum bidenticulatum ; meta- 
 thorax abrupte declivis ; abdomen ovatum ; femora postica rufa, 
 subtus denticulata ; femora tibiaeque quatuor anteriora basi apiceque 
 rufa ; tarsi run ; alae cinereae. 
 
 Male. Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum. Head and thorax 
 thickly and minutely punctured. Head as broad as the thorax. 
 Antennae subclavate, a little shorter than the thorax. Prothorax 
 subquadrate, its length equal to about one-sixth of its breadth. 
 Sutures of the parapsides well defined. Scutellum with two minute 
 apical teeth. Metathorax abruptly decumbent. Petiole very short. 
 Abdomen oval, smooth, a little shorter than the thorax ; first segment 
 large, shining, without tomentum. Hind femora red, very thick, 
 with several very minute teeth beneath ; four anterior femora and 
 tibiae red at the base and at the tips ; tarsi red. Wings cinereous. 
 Fore wings with black veins ; ulna about half the length of the 
 humerus ; radius much shorter than the ulna ; cubitus extremely 
 short. Length of the body 2J lines. 
 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 C. lugubris. Fcem. — Nigra, crassa ; scutellum bidentatum ; 
 abdomen ovatum, thorace longius, segmentorum marginibus posticis 
 cinereo pubescentibus ; femora postica subtus denticulata ; pedes 
 quatuor anteriores geuubus tibiis apice tarsisque fulvis ; alae cinereae. 
 
50 NOTES ON CHALCIDIjE. 
 
 Female. — Black, very stout, with cinereous tomentum. Head and 
 thorax thickly and minutely punctured. Antennae suhclavate, a 
 little shorter than the thorax. Prothorax Bubquadrate, its length in 
 the middle less than one-sixth of its breadth. Sutures of the parap- 
 sides well defined : scutellum with two very short and stout apical 
 teeth. Metathoraz short, erect. Petiole very short. Abdomen oval, 
 smooth, shining, a little shorter than the thorax ; hind border of the 
 segments with cinereous puhescence ; first segment very large. Hind 
 femora with several minute teeth beneath ; four anterior legs with 
 the knees, the tarsi and the tips of the tibiae tawny. Wings 
 cinereous. Fore wings with black veins; ulna about half the length 
 of the humerus ; radius less than half the length of the ulna ; cubitus 
 extremely short. Length of the body 3 lines. 
 
 Broader than C. alteruipes. 
 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 C. oppoxen's. Mas. — Nigra ; tcgulaa piceae ; scutellum inerme, 
 marginatum ; metathorax rugosus, abrupte declivis ; abdomen sub- 
 ellipticum ; apice pubescens, thorace multo brevius; pedes ruti, 
 coxis nigris, femoribus posticis denticulatis, femoribus intermediis 
 nigris apice rufis, tibiis intermediis nigro late uuifasciatis ; alae 
 cinereae. 
 
 Male. — Black, stout. Head and thorax with cinereous tomentum, 
 thickly and minutely punctured. Head very little narrower than the 
 thorax. Antennae subclavate, shorter than the thorax. Prothorax 
 subquadrate, of equal length and full four times as broad as long. 
 Sutures of the parapsides distinct ; scutellum not dentate, but with a 
 transverse apical ridge; tegulae piceous. Metathorax short, abruptly 
 declining, longitudinally rugose. Petiole very short. Abdomen 
 smooth, shining, subelliptical, pubescent towards the tip, a little 
 narrower and much shorter than the thorax; first segment very 
 large; second large ; the others short. Legs r< d ; coxa) black; hind 
 femora much incrassated, armed beneath with several minute teeth; 
 middle femora black, red towards the tips J middle tibia? with a bread 
 black band. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna about half the 
 length of the humerus; radius about one-third of the length of the 
 ulna. Length of the body 2} lines. 
 
 Swan River. 
 
 Genus SMICRA. 
 
 Europe, 
 nigrifex, Sidxer. aispee, Linn, melanaris, Dab*, xauthostiguia, 
 Duhn. biguttata, Spin. 
 
CHALCIPID^:. 
 
 51 
 
 North America, 
 nigricornis, Fabr. pygmsea, Fair, debilis, Say. amsena. Say. 
 Side, Wlk. fulvescens, TFta. maculata. transitiva, Wlk. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 punctata, Fabr. Lamyrus, Wlk. (dimidiata ? Fabr.) Pylas, Wlk. 
 (picta? Fabr.) abdominalis, Wlk. divisa, Wlk. erythrina, Wlk. 
 tenebrosa, Wlk. scutellaris, Sich. dimidiata, Sich. pompiloides, 
 Wlk. conjungens, Wlk. 
 
 villosa, Oliv. 
 Pratinas, Wlk. 
 
 West Indies. 
 Isle St. Trinity. Fidius, 
 
 Wlk. Ampyx, Wlk. 
 
 a. 
 b. 
 * 
 
 The following species inhabit Cuba and are described by 
 Cresson : — 
 
 A. Fore wings dark fuscous. 
 
 a. Thorax not entirely red. - - - Lanieri. 
 
 b. Thorax entirely red. ... - coccinea. 
 
 B. Fore wings fusco-hyaline. - - - intermedia. 
 
 C. Fore wings hyaline or subhyaline. 
 Body reddish orange. ----- ignea. 
 Body luteous. 
 Tibiae black except at the base. - - Gundlachii. 
 
 ** Tibiae not black. ... - Eubule. 
 
 c. Body yellow. 
 
 * Body varied with black, 
 f Legs varied with black. 
 
 I Prothorax with a black disk. - - - pulchra. 
 
 H Prothorax with a 6mall black spot. - - nigropicta. 
 
 ff Legs wholly pale. .... pallens. 
 
 ** Body wholly pale. .... immaculata. 
 
 d. Body ferruginous. 
 
 * Petiole very slender. ... - petiolata. 
 ** Petiole stout. ----- scutellaris. 
 
 e. Body black, varied with yellow. - - flavopicta. 
 
 South America, 
 clavata, Fabr. Ghilianii, Spinola. flavicans, Spin, annulipes, 
 Spin. Leprieurii, Spin, bicolor, Brulle. emarginata, Fabr. flava, 
 Fabr. variegata, Fabr. subfasciata, Holmg. 
 
9$ NOTES ON CHAI,CIDT/E. 
 
 The following species have been described by me : — 
 
 Dares (acuta ? Fabr.), Pielus, Enyo, Accila, torrida, luteipennis, 
 dux, lanceolata, costalis, demonstrata, imitator, obliterans, congrua, 
 decisa, sordida, discalis, mesomelas, melanoptera, discolor, nebulosa, 
 leucotelus, chryson^eras, tt'fiuy Versa, concitator, certa, effecta, contacta, 
 destinata, crocata, appressa, aperta, cerina, basilica, composita, 
 admixta, defuncta, adaptata, correcta, /exiuamiens, scissa, a^mula, 
 adsita, attalica, contermina, commoda, alienata, dimota, disposita, 
 expleta, descripta, exhauriens, adjuncta, blanda, vacillans, termiualis, 
 sequalis, contributa, celsa, detracta, annulifera, depicta, amsena, 
 cognata, demota, apparata, deducta, attracta, referator, illata. 
 
 Isle Puna, 
 maculata, Holmg. variegata, Holmg. pallida, Holmg. 
 
 The five following species are probably South American ; they are 
 described in the Annuario del Museo Zoologica (ii. 68 — 69), by Prof. 
 Costa, who does not mention where they dwell : — multinotata, 
 strigosa, capitulata, quinquesignata, lobata. 
 
 Arabia. 
 pensilis, Klug. 
 
 Hindostan and Ceylon, 
 uigrorufa, Wlk. providens, Motsch. elougatula, Mutsch. 
 
 Australia, 
 delicatula, Wlk. 
 
 In S. pensilis and in S. leucotelus the apical part of the female 
 abdomen is cylindrical and very slender, like that of the two species 
 of Cbalcis before mentioned. 
 
 Numerous groups and series of species may be formed of the 
 South American Smicrse by noticing the various length of the petiole, 
 by tracing the gradual change of structure in the abdominal segments 
 of the female, and by observing the many " colorational patterns " of the 
 body and the shading of one kind of markings into another. Their 
 chief habitation is the Amazon region, where it is probable that 
 there are very many species yet unknown, and there is a large field 
 for investigation in the discovery of new species and in studying their 
 geographical distribution before they and their prey are diminished 
 by the cultivation of the land. They are comparatively scarce in 
 North America, where the British S. nigrifex dwells with some 
 other kinds that have more resemblauce to the South American 
 forms. 
 
CHALCIDIDiE. 53 
 
 S. conjungens. Mas. — Flava ; caput fascia abbreviata, maculi9 
 duabus margineque postico nigris ; antennae fuscse, subtus luteae ; 
 prothorax fascia abbreviata strigisque duabus posterioribus transversis 
 nigris : mesothoracis scutum vittis tribus nigris postice connexis, 
 scutellum strigis duabus obliquis vittaque fusifornii nigris ; meta- 
 thorax fascia antica abbreviata, macula furcata, lateribus margineque 
 postico nigris ; pectus fasciis duabus arcuatis nigris ; petiolus longus, 
 apicem versus niger ; abdomen fusiforme, strigis duabus latis 
 basalibus fasciisque quatuor nigris ; coxae posticae nigro univittatae ; 
 femora postica striga exteriore brevi obliqua vittisque duabus 
 interioribus nigris; tibiae vitta abbreviata nigra; alee cinereae, apud 
 costam lutescentes. 
 
 Male. Yellow, pilose, roughly punctured. Head with the hind 
 part, two dots including the two hind ocelli, and an abbreviated band 
 including the fore oeellus, black. Antennae brown, filiform, luteous 
 beneath, not longer than the thorax. Prothorax with a transverse 
 black streak on each side and with an anterior abbreviated black band, 
 which is attenuated on each side. Scutum of the mesothorax with 
 three black stripes which are connected on the hind border, the 
 middle one dilated in front ; scutellum with an oblique black streak 
 on each side, and with a fusiform black stripe which is much dilated 
 at the hind end. Metathorax with a short black band in front, with 
 a forked black spot in the disk, and with a black border on each side 
 and behind. Pectus with two curved black bands, the anterior one 
 much dilated in the disk. Petiole cylindrical, black towards the tip, 
 nearly one-third of the length of the abdomen. Abdomen fusiform, 
 smooth, shorter than the thorax, with a broad black streak on each 
 side at the base, and with four black bands. Hind coxae with a black 
 stripe. Hind femora on the inner side with two black stripes, the 
 upper stripe emitting two recurrent black streaks ; outer side with a 
 short oblique black streak ; teeth black, minute. Hind tibiae with a 
 black stripe, which does not extend to the tip. Wings cinereous, 
 with a luteous tinge along the costa ; veins brown. Fore wings with 
 the ulna less than half the length of the humerus ; radius nearly as 
 long as the ulna ; cubitus clavate, much less than half the length of 
 the radius. Length of the body 4£ lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 
 
 Most allied to S. sordida, from which the bands of the abdomen 
 and the marks on the hind femora sufficiently distinguish it. 
 
 Mexico. In the late Dr. Sichel's collection. 
 
 S. pompiloides. Mas. — Nigra; antennae subtus rufae; petiolus 
 sulcatus, brevis ; abdomen rufum, fusiforme ; femora postica macula 
 exteriore magna fusiformi vittaque latissima iuteriore flavis, vitta 
 inferiore tenui rufa ; alae cinereae, basi fuscae. 
 
54 NOTES ON CHALCIDI*:; 
 
 Male. Black, pilose, rather finely punctured. Antennae filiform, 
 red beneath, a little shorter than the thorax. Metathorax scabrous. 
 Petiole longitudinally furrowed, not more than one-sixth of the length 
 of the abdomen. Abdomen red, smooth, fusiform, as long as the 
 thorax. Hind femora with a large fusiform yellow spot on the outer 
 side, and on the inner side with a very broad yellow stripe which is 
 much narrower towards the tip ; a slender red stripe beneath along 
 the minute black teeth. Wings cinereous, brown towards the base ; 
 veins blackish. Fore wings with the ulna about half the length of 
 the humerus ; radius rather shorter than the ulna ; cubitus less than 
 half the length of the radius ; stigma distinct. Length of the body 
 3£ lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 
 Mexico. In the late Dr. Sichel's collection. 
 
 S. decora. Mas. — Flava; caput nigrum ; antenna? nigra?, articulo 
 lo subtus flavo ; mesothorax macula nigra conica truncata ; scutellum 
 bidentatum, vitta brevi lata nigra; metathorax areolatus ; petiolus 
 longus, gracilis ; abdomen ellipticum, disco apiceque nigris ; coxae 
 posticae longissimae, vitta exteriore nigra ; tibiae posticae nigrae, basi 
 flavae ; tarsi postici pallide rufescentes ; alae anticae cinereae, maximse, 
 fuscescente marginatae, striga subcostali obscure fusca. 
 
 Male. Yellow. Head black. Antennae black, stout, filiform ; 
 scape yellow beneath. Mesothorax with a truncate-conical black 
 spot, which occupies the hind part of the scutum and of the parap- 
 sides ; scutellum with a short broad black stripe, armed with two 
 rather lai'ge teeth. Metathorax divided into distinct compartments 
 by a longitudinal ridge and by three arched transverse ridges. Petiole 
 slender, much longer than the metathorax and not much shorter than 
 the abdomen. Abdomen elliptical, much shorter and narrower than 
 the thorax ; disk above and apical part black. Hind coxae very long, 
 with a black stripe on the outer side ; hind femora armed with ten 
 small and with four very small black teeth ; hind tibiae black except 
 towards the base ; hind tarsi pale reddish. Fore wings very ample, 
 cinereous, especially clouded with brown about the borders and along 
 the costa ; a dark brown streak along the ulna ; veins black ; ulna 
 full half the length of the humerus ; radius as long as the ulna ; 
 cubitus long ; spurious veins very distinct. Length of the body 
 5 lines ; of the wings 1 lines. 
 
 This is a very peculiar form of the genus, and is distinguished by 
 the long petiole, the long hind coxae, the very large wings, and the 
 cubitus, which extends much beyond the stigma. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Erratum. — Page 46, line 5, for cubiculata read scrobiculata. 
 
NOTES 
 
 CH ALCIDIJE. 
 
 Part IV. 
 
 CHALCIDID^, LEUCOSPID^E, ^AGAONIDiE, 
 
 EUCHAKID^E, PERILAMPID^, ORMYRID.E, 
 
 ENCYRTID^E. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, E.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 E. W. JAN SON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1871. 
 
LONDON : 
 E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE BTBEET, B1SHOPSGATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 Part IV. 
 CB.ALCIDIDM. 
 
 Genu 6 EPITRANUS. 
 
 West Indies, 
 fulvescens, Wlk. castaneus, Cresson. 
 
 West Africa, 
 observator, Wlk. 
 
 South Africa, 
 ruptator, Wlk. formicarius, Wlk. 
 
 Eastern Archipelago, 
 impulsator, Wlk. 
 
 Australia. 
 Teleute, Wlk. 
 
 Genus EUDOXIMA. 
 
 This is a very remarkable form ; it has slender hind femora, and 
 thus is without one of tbe distinguishing characters of the family. 
 
 E. transversa, Wlk. Ega. 
 
56 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.«. 
 
 LEUCOSPID^E. 
 
 The Leucospidae, which include the lai-gest species of the tribe and 
 are parasites of aculeate Hyinenoptera, are comparatively few in 
 species and individuals, and are unknown in England and in the 
 more northern part of Europe. In general they do not vary much 
 in structure, colour and markings ; all those in Europe and Arabia 
 belong to one group of the genus, and this group also includes the 
 South African L. ornata, L. Sinensis, exornata and Japonica in 
 continental Asia ; L. Aruica in Am ; and L. Australia in South 
 Australia. Another group is distinguished by the contraction of the 
 abdomen at the base ; it occurs in North Africa ; and L. atra of 
 Hindostan, L. Aruina of Aru, and L. antiqua of New Caledonia 
 belong to it. In all these species there is no trace of a metallic hue, 
 and thus no blending with the general character of the other 
 Chalcidia? ; and in North America this distinction is attained also 
 by L. Shuckardi and Canadensis ; but in L. subnotata the metallic- 
 hue appears on the front. Towards the equator this lustre is general 
 on the body in L. Mexicana, Cayennensis, Tapayaua, speifera and 
 Egaia ; it does not occur in L. Santarema, but in this the black 
 ground hue of the European and Arabian species is replaced by red. 
 The Chilian L. Hopei is another type, of which the red antennae are 
 a peculiar character. There is another form of the genus in L. 
 leucotelus ; it has no metallic hue nor pale markings, and its wings 
 are black. Leucospis is parasitic on aculeate Hyinenoptera, but has 
 not followed its prey northward so far as the latter extends, and 
 being of comparatively rare occurrence it has only a slight control 
 over its victims. The genus Polistomorpha is distinguished by the 
 elongated face, by the basal contraction of the abdomen, aud by the 
 less incrassated hind femora. In the genus Marres the head is 
 deeply excavated. 
 
 L. Japonica. Finn. Nigra; antenna? apice rufescentes, articulo 
 lo fiavo apice supra nigro ; prothorax fascia postica abbreviate flava : 
 abdomen maculis duabus basalibus quadratis iasciaque subapicali 
 llavis ; oviductus scutelli apicem attingens ; coxa? postica? rlavo 
 unistrigatre ; femora postica octodentata, fascia exteriore basali 
 arcuata flava ; tarsi rulescentes ; alffi nigricantes. 
 
 Female. Black, very thickly and minutely punctured, with short 
 cinereous pubescence. Antenna? stout, subclavate, dull reddish at 
 the tips ; fust joint yellow, black at the tip above. Prothor&x with a 
 sli«ht transverse, smooth, abbreviated yellow ridge near the bind 
 border. Abdomen with a quadrate yellow spot on each side near the 
 
leucosphxe. 57 
 
 base, and with a broad yellow band near tbe tip. Sheath of the 
 oviduct piceous, recurved to the tip of the scutellum. Hind coxae 
 with a yellow lanceolate streak above ; hind femora with a curved 
 yellow band on the outer side near the base, armed beneath with 
 eight minute spines ; knees and tarsi reddish. Wings blackish. 
 Length of the body 5 lines. 
 
 The short oviduct of L. Sinensis, and the large spines of its hind 
 femora, besides other characters, sufficiently distinguish it from this 
 species. 
 
 Japan. 
 
 L. Austraxis. Mas. Nigra ; frons rufo quadrimaculata ; antenna- 
 rum articulus lus luteus, apice supra niger ; prothorax striga discali 
 transversa fusiformi rufa ; abdominis dorsum dimidio apicali rufo 
 strigis duabus lateralibus latis lanceolatis nigris ; pedes run, coxis 
 femoribusque nigris, femoribus posticis subtus denticulatis, tibiis 
 anticis et posticis extus nigro strigatis ; alae anticae fuscae, apud 
 costam nigricantes. 
 
 Male. Black, very thickly and minutely punctured, with short 
 cinereous pubescence. Front with two red spots on each side. 
 Antennae subclavate ; first joint luteous, black at the tip above. 
 Prothorax with a transverse fusiform red streak in the disk. Abdo- 
 men red for full half the length from the tip ; under side wholly 
 black, emitting a broad black lanceolate streak on each side towards 
 the dorsum. Legs red ; coxae and femora black ; hind femora with 
 several minute teeth beneath ; fore tibiae and hind tibiae with a black 
 streak on the outer side. Wings brown. Fore wings blackish along 
 the costa. Length of the body 5 lines. 
 
 South Australia. 
 
 L. exornata. Fawi. Nigra ; antennae basi subtus luteae ; pro- 
 thorax linea transversa postica lutea ; mesothorax lineolis duabus 
 obliquis luteis; abdomen maculis duabus basalibus triangularibus, 
 fascia postica arcuata guttisque duabus elongatis apicalibus luteis ; 
 oviductus mesothoracem attingens ; coxae posticae luteo univittatae ; 
 femora postica luteo unifasciata ; tarsi picei ; alae nigricantes. 
 
 Female. Black, scabrous, with cinereous pubescence. Antennae 
 subclavate ; scape luteous beneath. Prothorax with a luteous trans- 
 verse line near the hind border. Mesothorax with a short slender 
 oblique luteous line on each side, near the base of the fore wing. 
 Abdomen with a luteous elongated triangular spot on each side of the 
 first segment, which is long and slightly straightened ; an arched 
 luteous band on the fourth segment, and an elongated luteous dot on 
 
58 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIbl.l.. 
 
 each side of the tip. Oviduct extending to the mesothorax. Hind 
 coxae with a luteous stripe above ; hind femora with a luteous band 
 near the base on the outer side, armed with ten or eleven minute 
 teeth ; knees luteous ; tarsi piceous. Wings blackish ; veins black. 
 Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 AGAONIIXE. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig 3 
 
 Fig. 1 A.pocrypta paradoxa 
 Fig. 2. Apocrypta perplexa. 
 Fig. 8. Sycocrypta coeca. 
 
AGAONID.E. 59 
 
 These figures are not like the preceding and succeeding illustrations 
 in these notes, from the drawings of A. H. Haliday, hut are copied 
 from the plate in Dr. Coquerel's memoir, here mentioned. See 
 ' Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,' Ser. 2, vol. vii. 365 and 422. 
 
 The Leucospidas appear to be the highest development of the 
 Chalcidiae ; and the Agaonidse -will be said to be the most rudimentary 
 form of the tribe, or the earliest created among them, or the first 
 " won from the void and formless infinite." In them affinities may be 
 found between the Chalcidiae and other tribes of Hymenoptera, for 
 links between tribes will be sought in vain among the more organized 
 forms. The above figures exhibit the most aboriginal structure of the 
 Agaonidae. 
 
 The Agaonidse appear as yet chiefly in three different aspects, and 
 in three different regions. The first region is the Mauritius, where 
 they have been discovered by the researches of Dr. Coquerel. Here 
 the three species figui'ed are said to be " condemned to eternal dark- 
 ness" in the central regions of figs. These figs are the fruit of Ficus 
 terragena, and are unfit for human food. Dr. Coquerel found the 
 three species (Apocrypta paradoxa, A. perplexa and Sycocrypta 
 cceca) in abundance in the interior of these figs, together with great 
 numbers of a fourth species, which he named Chalcis ? explorator, 
 and which he believed to be parasitic on the other three species. 
 However, he did not ascertain it to be so, but merely observed that 
 the four species were mingled together, and he had previously seen the 
 explorator flying about the outside of the figs. The other three 
 species, he observes, are remarkably inactive ; when disturbed they 
 roll themselves together and remain motionless : they have no eyes, 
 no ocelli, no palpi, no maxilke, no wings ; but have powerful 
 mandibles. Dr. Coquerel mentions that they have analogy with 
 Scleroderma contracta, and supposes that the males are winged and 
 unknown, and may have their place next to Scleroderma. Scleroderma 
 has no near affinity with the Bethylidae, and has been supposed by 
 some to belong to the Mutillidae, and by others to be the female of 
 Myzine ; it has some resemblance to the female Australian and 
 South American Thynni, and by these connections the primitive and 
 semichaotic forms discovered by Dr. Coquerel expand into the nume- 
 rous and powerful tribe of aculeate Hymenoptera, surpassing other 
 insects in intellect, of which the wasp and the bee are the most 
 familiar examples, though a great part control other orders of insects, 
 by using them as food for their young. Scleroderma seems to have 
 more affinity with Typhlopone, the " worker " of Labidus, and with 
 Dichthadia glaberrima, the supposed female of Dorylus ; and thereby 
 the multitudinous tribe of ants, whose economy is so remarkable, 
 emerges from the blind and radical Apocryptae and Sycocryptae, the 
 
60 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.K. 
 
 perpetual dwellers in the interior of figs. But the affinity of these 
 two genera to the Chalcidiae is more evident, and appears by several 
 connecting links in the Agaonidae ; and thus the near relations to the 
 general ancestors of the thousands, and perhaps tens of thousands, of 
 the Chalcidiae species, the tribe being considered in unity, are cradled 
 in figs. The Chalcis ? explorator of Dr. Coquerel is an Idarnes, aud 
 has a resemblance to the Podagrion, figured in Part 2, but is much 
 smaller, has a much longer oviduct, aud has slender hind femora. It 
 flits about the outside of figs, and by means of its long oviduct 
 it comes into juxtaposition with the blind inhabitants within, of 
 which it is a relative, though by many removes. It, doubtless, wiugs 
 its way from fig to fig when full grown, but the succession of the 
 other fig-dwellers is not known. The following species of this family 
 have been observed in the figs of Ficus Indica, in Hindostan, by Sir 
 Walter Elliot, who saw several other species of insects feeding on the 
 fig-juice that flowed, in consequence of the occupations of the 
 Agaonidae within. He has remarked that one of the genera resembles 
 some Hymenoptera and Termes, or the white ant, in having a 
 working class as well as males and females. 
 
 Genus SYCOBIA. 
 
 Fcem. Corpus gracile, sat planum, fere glabrura. Caput longi- 
 quadratum, antice paullo latius, prothorace latius et paullo longius. 
 Oculi parvi, laterales, depressi. Ocelli nulli. Mandibulas graciles, 
 arcuatae, bidentatae, caput longe superantes. Antennae 11-articulatae, 
 clavatse, apud os insertae, capite paullo longiores ; articulus lus 
 longus, sat crassus. Prothorax conicus, capite paullo brevior. 
 Scutum parvum ; parapsidum suturae bene determinatae ; scutellum 
 rhomboideum. Metathorax magnus. Abdomen sessile, thoraci 
 sequilonguin. Oviductus tubiformis, abdominis dimidio aequilongus. 
 Femora postica crassa. Alae sat angustae ; cubitus abrupte declivis. 
 
 Female. Body slender, rather flat, shining, nearly smooth, 
 extremely finely punctured when viewed under a microscope. Head 
 elongate-quadrate, a little broader in front, broader and a little longer 
 than the prothorax. Eyes small, lateral, flat. Ocelli none. Man- 
 dibles slender, curved, crossing each other, acutely bidentate at the 
 tips, projecting much beyond the head, as long as its breadth. 
 Antennae 11-jointed, clavate, inserted close to the mouth, a little 
 longer than the head ; first joint stout, about two-fifths of the whole 
 length ; second clavate, less than half the length of the first ; third 
 and following as long as broad ; club conical, compact, as long as the 
 three preceding joints. Prothorax conical, narrow in front, a little 
 shorter than the head. Scutum of the mesothorax small, triangular ; 
 parapsides very large, their sutures well defined : paraptera large, 
 
AGAONID^. 61 
 
 triangular; scutellum rhomboidal. Metathorax large. Abdomen 
 sessile, as long as the thorax and much broader ; first segment 
 slightly contracted ; the following part oval, apparently composed of 
 four segments. Oviduct tubiform, about half the length of the 
 abdomen. Legs slender, moderately long ; hind coxae long ; hind 
 femora iucrassated, shorter than the hind tibiae, which are slightly 
 setose ; claws and pulvilli large. Wings rather narrow, moderately 
 long ; humerus extending to half the length ; ulna about one-fifth of 
 the length of the humerus ; radius none ; cubitus descending 
 abruptly to the disk, much shorter than the ulna. 
 
 In the description of the antennae the two minute, and sometimes 
 obsolete joints following the second are not mentioned. 
 
 Neuter ? Corpus breve. Caput transverse, brevi-ellipticum, pro- 
 thorace multo latius. Antennae 8-articulatae, breves ; articulus lus 
 valde incrassatus. Mesothoracis segmenta non bene determinata. 
 Abdomen brevissimum ; cerci duo apicales. Femora incrassata. 
 Tibiae dilatatae, clavatse. Alae nullae. 
 
 Worker f — Body short. Head much broader than the prothorax, 
 transversely short-elliptical, its sides rounded and its breadth some- 
 what exceeding its length. Mandibles and eyes like those of the 
 female. Antennae slender, 8-jointed, about as long as the breadth of 
 the head; first joint much incrassated, as long as all the other joints 
 together ; second clavate ; third and following very short. Meso- 
 thorax a little narrower than the prothorax, much less developed than 
 that of the female, the sutures between its dorsal segments and its 
 lateral parts not being apparent. Metathorax much uarrower than 
 the mesothorax. Abdomen as broad as the metathorax, as long as 
 the prothorax, with two apical appendages which equal it in length 
 and resemble the cerci of the Dermaptera. Femora incrassated. 
 Tibiae dilated, clavate, as long as the femora. Tarsi slender, shorter 
 than the tibiae. 
 
 This genus has long curved mandibles, like those of Scleroderma, 
 and has some resemblance to Apocrypta and Sycocrypta in the 
 structure of the abdomen, and is more nearly allied to the latter genus 
 than to the former, but it has eyes and wings, and the structure of 
 the veins of these wings show it to be one of the Chalcidiae tribe, and 
 the cubitus descends abruptly to the disk of the wing as in other 
 Agaonidae . 
 
 S. bethyloides. Fcem. — Lutea ; mandibulae fulvae ; abdomen 
 nonnunquam fulvum, apice pallide testaceum ; alae diaphanae, venis 
 pallide testaceis. 
 
62 NOTES ON CHALCIDI;E. 
 
 Female. — Luteous. Mandibles tawny. Antennae slightly setose. 
 Abdomen sometimes tawny, tbinly setose towards the tip, which is 
 pale testaceous. Wings pellucid ; veins pale testaceous. Leugtb of 
 tbe body 2 — 2i lines. 
 
 Worker ? — Testaceous. Mandibles tawny. Length 1 line. 
 
 Genus IDARNES. 
 
 I. transiens. Fcem. — Lutescens ; caput transversum ; antennae 
 fusca?, 10-articulatae, basi pallide flavae ; prothorax longi-conicus ; 
 petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen lanceolatum, thorace paullo longius ; 
 oviductus corpore plus duplo longior, basi tubiformis ; femora sub- 
 incrassata ; alae diaphanae, venis palhde flavis. 
 
 Female. — Luteous, slender, shining, nearly smooth. Head 
 transverse, sbort, as broad as the thorax ; front erect. Eyes distinct. 
 Antennae brown, clavate, 10-jointed, pale yellow at the base ; first 
 and second joints long, slender; third and following short, transverse. 
 Prothorax elongate-conical, rather flat. Metathorax long. Petiole 
 very short. Abdomen lanceolate, a little longer than the tborax. 
 Oviduct setose, much more than twice the length of the body, tubi- 
 form and like the body in colour towards the base ; sheaths black and 
 with the usual structure from thence to the tip ; the tubiform part as 
 long as the abdomen. Legs short, stout ; coxae long ; fore femora 
 incrassated ; four posterior femora slightly incrassated ; tibiae with 
 two apical spines. Wings pellucid ; veins pale yellow ; ulna longer 
 than the humerus ; radius nearly as long as the ulna ; cubitus some- 
 what shorter than the radius, descending nearly directly to the disk. 
 Length of the body 1 line. 
 
 This species has also been found in Ceylon by Dr. Thwaites. 
 
 I. stabilis. Fa,m. — Aureo-viridis ; antennae nigrae, basi pallide 
 flavae ; oviductus corpore duplo longior, basi gracilis ; pedes pallide 
 flavi ; alae diaphanae. 
 
 Female. — Golden green, much like the preceding species in 
 structure. Antennae black, clavate ; first joint pale yellow. Sheaths 
 of the oviduct black, thrice the length of the body, with the usual 
 structure, not tubiform towards the base. Legs pale yellow. Wiugs 
 pellucid ; veins pale. Length of the body \ line. 
 
 In the structure of the apical part of the abdomen I. transiens 
 retains some likeness t8 Sycobia, which affinity is not observable in 
 I stabilis. 
 
agaonid^e. 63 
 
 I. pteromaloides. Fccm. — Aureo-viridis ; antennae 9-articulatse, 
 subclavatae, obscure fusca3, basi lutcae ; prothorax longiusculus ; 
 abdomen apice subattenuatum ; pedes fulvi ; also diaphanse. 
 
 Female. — Golden green. Antennae 9-jointed? dark brown, sub- 
 clavate, iuserted near tbe mouth, a little shorter than the thorax ; 
 first joint slender, luteous ; club fusiform, longer than the two 
 preceding joints together. Prothorax somewhat elongated. Meso- 
 thorax rather small ; sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Abdomen 
 convex, with four segments, a little longer, broader and deeper than 
 the thorax, terminating in a lanceolate black tube, which is about 
 one-sixth of the whole length. Legs tawny, slender. Wings 
 pellucid ; veins very pale yellowish ; ulna much shorter than the 
 humerus ; radius shorter than the ulna ; cubitus shorter than the 
 radius, descending abruptly to the disk ; stigma small, a little darker 
 than the veins. Length of the body 1 line. 
 
 It has not the long oviduct which distinguishes the other species 
 of the genus, and therefore it probably lives in its early state near 
 the surface of the figs. In like manner various species of Callimome 
 probe oak-apples, superficially or deeply according to the length of 
 their oviducts. 
 
 The following genus does not belong to the Agaonida? ; it has 
 some resemblance to Decatoma, and may be placed next to it till a 
 new family is constituted for its reception. 
 
 Genus SYCOPHILA. 
 
 Mas. — Corpus convexum, subtilissime punctatus. Caput trans- 
 versum ; frons abrupte declivis. Oculi rotundi, convexi. Ocelli 3. 
 Antennae 9-articulatae, filiformes, prope os inserts, capiti et prothoraci 
 ad unum aequilongae. Prothorax quaclratus. Parapsidum suturae 
 bene determinate. Metathorax brevis, abrupte declivis. Petiolus 
 gracilis, cylindricus, metathorace longior. Abdomen ellipticum. 
 Femora subincrassata. Femora antica basi subtus dentata. Alae 
 lata? ; stigma magnum. Fami. — Antennae 10-articulatae, subclavatse. 
 Petiolus brevis. Abdomen valde compressum, thorace brevius et 
 multo angustius. Oviductus abdomen vix superans. 
 
 Male. — Body convex, very finely punctured. Head short, trans- 
 verse, a little broader than the prothorax ; front erect. Eyes round, 
 convex. Ocelli distinct. Antennae 9-jointed, filiform, slender, 
 inserted near the mouth, as long as the head and the prothorax 
 together; first and second joints slender, of the usual form; third, 
 fourth, fifth and sixth long, linear ; club lanceolate, less than twice 
 
• ', 1 NOTES ON CHALCIDTJB. 
 
 the length of the sixth joint. Prothorax quadrate, as long as hroad. 
 Mesothorax rather small ; scutum shorter than the prothorax ; sutures 
 of the parapsides distinct: scutellum rather small. Metathorax 
 short, abruptly slanting. Petiole slender, cylindrical, longer than 
 the metathorax, shorter than the ahdomen, which is elliptical, smooth 
 and shining Legs moderately long and stout; femora slightly 
 incrassated ; fore femora minutely dentate beneath towards the base ; 
 tarsi 5-jointed. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings with a large 
 stigma adjoining the ulna ; humerus more than half the length of the 
 wing ; ulna about one-sixth of the length of the humerus ; radius 
 very short ; cubitus descending obliquely to the disk, shorter than 
 the ulna. 
 
 Female. — Antennae 10-jointed, subclavate. Petiole short. Abdo- 
 men much compressed, shorter and very much narrower than the 
 thorax, with four distinct segments. Oviduct extending very little 
 beyond the tip of the abdomen. 
 
 S. megastigmoides. Mas. — Lutea ; oculi fulvi ; antennae apice 
 nigra? ; abdomen nigro uniplagiatum ; alae cinereae, veuis stigmateque 
 fulvis. 
 
 Male. — Luteous, shining, nearly smooth. Eyes tawny. Ocelli 
 black. Club of the autennae black. A black patch on the disk of 
 the abdomen. Wings cinereous ; veins tawny. Fore wings with a 
 very large tawny stigma adjoining the ulna. Length of the body 
 If — 2 lines. 
 
 S. decatomoides. Mas et fmm. — Pallide lutea, nonnuuquam 
 fusco maculatum ; abdomen fcem. nonnunquam fuscum ; alee diaphanae, 
 venis pallide luteis stigmate nigro. Var. (3. — Alae auticae fusco uui- 
 maculatae. 
 
 Male and female. — Pale luteous, occasionally with a brown spot on 
 each segment of the thorax. Wings pellucid ; veins pale luteous ; 
 stigma blackish or black. Var. j3. — A brown spot adjoining the 
 stigma in the disk of the wing. Length of the body 1£ — If line. 
 
 The latter species seems to be very abuudant ; both were found by 
 Sir W. Elliot in figs. 
 
 The Agaonidae occur in the Mediterranean region, where they have 
 been used in ancient time and in modern time for caprifiration, a 
 process which has been described by various writers. Two of these 
 species have been named lilastopbaga Sycomori and Sycophaga 
 crassipes : the latter has a long oviduct, aud therein resembles 
 Idarnes. 
 
 Agaon paradoxum represents this family in Sierra Leone ; it and 
 
EUCHARID.E. 
 
 65 
 
 Blastophaga are connecting links between Idarnes and Sycobia, 
 from which they differ in not having prominent mandibles. 
 
 Idames Carme inhabits St. Vincent's Isle, in the West Indies, and 
 exceeds tbe other species in the length of its oviduct. Idarnes and 
 Agaon were first included in one family by A. H. Haliday. Paphagus 
 Sidero also inhabits St. Vincent's Isle and belongs to the Agaonidse. 
 Cirrospilus Acasta, a native of England, established as a genus by the 
 names of Anthophorabia and of Melittobia, may be placed next to the 
 Agaonidse. 
 
 It has been often said that the present state of one region of the 
 earth, as regards its vegetation and animal life, resembles the much 
 earlier state of another region, and thus the aspects of the Agaonidse 
 in different regions represent successive epochs of time, and indicate 
 how much there is yet to be learned by the investigation of figs : 
 perhaps some forms may be discovered that are more elementary than 
 the species here figured, and are more characteristic of " the dark 
 backward and abyss of time." 
 
 There will be much difference of opinion as to whether the chain 
 of affinities in the Agaonidse is merely a proof of the unity of system, 
 or whether individuals in some cases continue comparatively 
 undeveloped and in other cases become comparatively highly 
 organized, like as the same parts of plants are formed into thorns or 
 into leaves or into flowers. 
 
 EUCHAEEDJE. 
 
 Fig. 1. Stilbula Volusus. 
 
66 
 
 NOTES ON CIIAI.CIDI.F,. 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 Fig. 2. Schizaspidia furcata. 
 Fig. 3. Eucbaris lello. 
 
 The Eucharidae are remarkable on account of the great develop- 
 ment of the mesothorax, which in some species extends to the tip of 
 the abdomen and is finely sculptured. Most of the species may be 
 arranged as follows : — 
 
 STILBULA, Spinola. 
 
 cyniformis, "Rossi, bella, Foerst. Larymna, Wlk. smaragdina, Wlk. 
 piceicornis, Wlk. delicatula, Wlk. implexa, Wlk. Volusus, Wlk. 
 Fausta, Wlk. Valgius, Wlk. Zalates, Wlk. 
 
 EUCHAPJS, Latr. 
 
 adscendens, Fabr. punctata, Foerst. Kollari, Foerst. Pyttalus, Wlk. 
 ruliventris, Wlk. Theocles, WVe. Iello, Wlk. Eribotes, Wlk. 
 convergens, Wlk. deprivata, Wlk. testacea, Motsch. : this species 
 is perhaps not a Eucbaris. 
 
 SCHIZASPIDIA, Westw. 
 
 furcata, Fabr. cynipsea, 117/r. striatissima, Wlk. pallescens, Wlk. 
 mexagens, WVe. reflexa, Wlk. flavicornis, Wlk. atrata, Wlk. 
 surgens, Wlk. apta, Wlk. Nasua, Wlk. furcifera, Westw. per- 
 tendens, Wlk. contigens, Wlk. plagiata, Westw. cyanea, Wlk. 
 
PER1LAMPID.E. . ttV 
 
 THORACANTHA, Latr. 
 
 striata, Perty. Latreillii, Guerin. Anchurus, Wlk. apta, Wlk. 
 
 A few species inhabit South Europe, but the greater part ax - e 
 natives of South America or of Australia. E. adscendens has been 
 recorded doubtfully to have occurred in England. 
 
 The genus Eucharissa, Westw., is unknown to me. 
 
 PEBILAMPIDiE. 
 
 This family, like the Eucharidae, has a gibbous and large meso- 
 thorax, and is few in species and in individuals. The genus 
 Caratomus is placed by Foerster with the Sphegigasteridae. Two 
 genera may be separated from Perilampus as follows ; — 
 
 A. Antennae not pectinated. Colour generally metallic. 
 
 a. Scutellum extending hindward and forming a 
 
 long stout spine. .... Euperilampus. 
 
 b. Scutellum not elongated. - - - Perilampus. 
 
 B. Antennae pectinated. Colour not metallic. Aperilampus. 
 
 Perilampus gloriosus is the type of Euperilampus, and P. discolor 
 is the type of Aperilampus. 
 
 Philomides, a genus characterized by A. H. Haliday, is also 
 distinguished by having no metallic tints. P. Paphius, Haliday, is 
 the only species yet known and inhabits the Isle of Cyprus. 
 
 The genus Chrysomalla, Foerst. (type C. Roseri, Foerst.) is 
 unknown to me. Elatus hardly belongs to this family : the two 
 species described are Thenae, Wlk., and run tarsus, Foerst. 
 
 Chrysolampus splendidulus, Spinola, is one of the links between 
 the Perilampidae and the Sphegigasteridae ; it is placed with the 
 Perilarupidae by Foerster, who describes it by the name of Lampro- 
 stylus auricollis, and records another species, L. punctatus. 
 
 Perilampus hedychroides. — Aureo-viridis ; caput apud ocellos 
 et scutum nigra ; antennae piceae, filiformes ; abdomen subtilissime 
 punctatum ; genua fulva ; tarsi flavi ; alae diaphanae. 
 
 Golden green. Head deeply excavated in front ; vertex black about 
 the ocelli. Antenna) piceous, filiform, short, stout, compact. Thorax 
 very largely punctured ; scutum black ; scutellum large ; sutures of 
 the parapsides well defined, remote from each other. Petiole short. 
 
58 KOTKH on chalcidia;. 
 
 Abdomen gibbous, very finely punctured, much shorter than the 
 abdomen. Kuees tawny. Tarsi yellow. Wings pellucid; veins 
 blackish; ulna less than half the length of the humerus; radius 
 more than half the length of the ulna; cubitus very short; stigma 
 small. Length of the body 1^ line. 
 Ceylon. 
 
 OKMYRLDiE. 
 
 Tribseus, Foerst., and Monobaeus, Foerst., are two European 
 genera of this family. 
 
 Genus OEMYRUS. 
 
 Of this genus there are several European and one North American 
 species. Two species have been found in England. 0. nigrocyaneus 
 is merely a variety of O. punctiger. 
 
 0. orientalis. Fcem. — Cyaneo-viridis, purpureo et aureo-viridi 
 van us ; antennae nigrae ; scutellum acuminatum; abdomen longi- 
 couicum, fortiter punctatum ; tarsi albidi ; alae diapbanae. 
 
 Female. — Bluish green, partly purple or golden green, thinly beset 
 with white hairs. Antennae black, subclavate, nearly as long as the 
 head and the thorax together. Scutellum acuminated. Abdomen 
 elongate-conical, largely puuctured, longer than the head and the 
 thorax together. Tegs green; hind femora blue; tarsi whitish. 
 Wings pellucid ; veins pale brown ; ulna nearly as long as the 
 humerus ; radius less than one-fourth of the length of the ulna ; 
 cubitus extremely short. Length of the body 1\ line. 
 
 Ceylon. 
 
 ENCYRTLD.E. 
 
 The structure of the Encyrtidae is very different from that of the 
 preceding families. The large prothorax which characterizes the 
 Leucospidae, Cbakidkke, Eurytomidae, Torymidae and Perilampidae 
 ceases here, but the mesothorax is much developed, and there is a 
 corresponding expansion of the mesopectus and of the middle legs, 
 which enable the little flies to take long and rapid leaps. The short 
 and sessile abdomen which distinguishes them is also adapted to their 
 movements, which exceed in quickness those of all the other 
 ChalcidisB. They exercise a limitatory control over the Coccidae, or 
 scale-insects, on which they generally feed in early life, and the 
 female Encyrtus may be often seen skipping about the female Coccus 
 and inserting eggs therein. The structure of this family seems to 
 
ENOYRTIJXE. 
 
 69 
 
 develope that of the Myinidse and Trichograramidas ; some of these 
 latter vie with the Mymaridas and the Teleadidas in the excessive 
 minuteness of their size. Many of the species of Encyrtidas have 
 been elaborated by Dalman, and Foerster has distributed them into 
 genera, and his Synopsis of these genera is here translated. 
 
 A. Scutellum with an apical tuft of hair. 
 
 a. Ulna very long ; cubitus and radius very 
 
 short. ..... Cheiloneurus. 
 
 b. Ulna very short; cubitus and radius very 
 
 long. ..... Eucomys. 
 
 B. Scutellum with no apical tuft of hairs. 
 
 a. Vertex and face largely punctured. 
 
 * Scape extending to the height of the vertex-. 
 
 Ulna none or extremely short. - - Bothryothorax. 
 
 ** Scape not extending to the height of the 
 
 vertex. Ulna of moderate length. - Discodes. 
 
 b. Vertex and face not largely punctured. 
 
 * Scape and flagellum much dilated. 
 
 f Body wholly and very flat. No wings. - Anusia. 
 
 ft Body not wholly flat. 
 I Flagellum fusiform. Cubitus longer than 
 
 the ulna. Radius distinctly formed. - Euryscapus. 
 
 H Flagellum not fusiform. Cubitus not longer 
 
 than the ulna. No radius. - Cerapterocerus. 
 
 ** Scape and flagellum not much dilated. 
 f Mesothorax very small, almost transverse. 
 I Antennas 10-jointed. - - - Metallon. 
 
 H Antennas with more than 10 joints. 
 § Head and thorax with the usual sculpture and 
 
 punctures. Humeri contracted together. - Choreia. 
 
 Head and thorax smooth, without punctures. 
 Scutellum with two cavities at the base. 
 Humeri not contracted together. - - Aglyptqs. 
 
 Mesothorax not very small, not transverse. 
 I Antennas 9-jointed. - - - Cercobelus. 
 
 J! Antennas with more than nine joints. 
 § Abdomen with a distinct and very prominent 
 oviduct. 
 X Flagellum filiform, very long. Abdomen 
 much developed, sometimes contracted on 
 the sides. .... Copidosoma. 
 
 X X Flagellum not usually long. Abdomen not 
 much developed, not contracted on the 
 sides. 
 
 §§ 
 
 ft 
 
70 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.-E. 
 
 00 
 
 §§ 
 
 X 
 
 o Vertex very narrow. Lateral ocelli seated in 
 the inner border of the eyes. Club of the 
 antennae obliquely acuminated. - - Echthhoplexis. 
 
 Vertex of the usual breadth. Lateral ocelli 
 not seated in the border of the eyes. Club 
 of the antennae broadly rounded. - - Cerchtsius. 
 
 Abdomen with no prominent oviduct. 
 Ulna, radius and cubitus very long, 
 o Joints of the flagellum short, with incumbent 
 hairs, very thickly crowded together in 
 both sexes. .... Ericydncs. 
 
 oo Joints of the flagellum distinctly separate, 
 
 with long whorls of hairs in the male. - Sterrhocoma. 
 X X Ulna, radius and cubitus not very long. 
 
 o Humeri widely separated. - - - Dinocarsis. 
 
 oo Humeri not widely separated, 
 -i- Body flat, not metallic-coloured. Front and 
 
 vertex connected by a slight arch. Rhopus. 
 
 h — h Body metallic-coloured, not flat. Front and 
 vertex separated by a more or less sharp 
 curve. 
 -- Flagellum unusually long and slender. - Leptomasttx. 
 ---«• Flagellum not unusually long aud slender. 
 «» Neck and tip of the scutellum with laminate 
 
 scales. ----- Habrolepis. 
 ^un Neck and tip of the scutellum with no 
 laminate scales. 
 A Last joint of the flagellum longer than all the 
 
 preceding joints together. - - Sceptrophorus. 
 
 AA Last joint of the flagellum shorter than all 
 
 the preceding joints together. - Encyrtus. 
 
NOTES 
 
 ON 
 
 CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 Part V. 
 
 ENCYRTID^E, MYINID^E, EUPELMLD.E, 
 CLEONYMIDiE, SPALANGID.E, PIRENID^. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 E. W. JAN SON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1872. 
 
)•'. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET, 
 
 BISHOrSliATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 PAET V. 
 ENCYRTIDiE (continued). 
 
 Ormyrus punctiger. 
 
 Aphelinus basalis. 
 
NOTES ON CHAI.CJDliE. 
 
 Coccophagus Scutellaria. 
 
 4- 
 
 Ericydnus strigosus. 
 
 Carchj aina nrooerna. 
 
ENCTRTID.E. 
 
 73 
 
 Cercobelus jugaeus. 
 
 Encyrtus corniger. 
 
 Cerapterocerus mirabilis. 
 
74 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDU'. 
 
 Ectroma fulvescens. 
 
 Tiigonoderus obscurus. 
 
 Lelaps Sadales. 
 
ENCYRTID.E. 
 
 75 
 
 Notauisus versicolor. 
 
 Cea pulicaris. 
 
 Caloster vernalis. 
 
76 
 
 NOTES ON CHAI.CIDl^E. 
 
 Eupelmus urozonus. 
 
 Eupelmus Dcgeeri. 
 
 The preceding figures represent some of the genera of Encyrtidae 
 and of the allied families, and, like others before mentioned, are copied 
 from the drawings of the late A. H. Haliday. Copies of these drawings 
 appeared in the ' Entomologist,' edited hy E. Newman, 'to whom I had 
 o tiered them for publication. In page 2 of these notes the very stout 
 apical spine of the middle tibia?, which is characteristic of the Encyrtidre 
 
ENCYRTID.E. 77 
 
 and of the Eupelmidae, is accidentally printed as " a very short apical 
 spine." In page 3 Eutedouidae should be Entedonidae, and in page 60 
 Orctilia is a misprint for Oretilia. 
 
 The affinity of the Encyrtidae to the Myinidae in structure, has 
 been already mentioned ; they are parasites of various insects ; many 
 of them are maintained in the bodies of Coccus-species. Some of the 
 Myinidae also feed on Cocci, and one species, Aphelinus tibialis, is 
 the devourer of Aphis Urticaria, on the bramble, where this Aphis is 
 more frequently the prey of an Allotria and much more often of an 
 Aphidius, all the victims being very few when compared to the 
 numbers which are soon afterwards removed by atmospheric agency. 
 
 The typical species of most of the genera of Encyrtida? are as 
 follows:— f»>€+i~> 
 
 Cheiloneurus, Westw. 9 
 Example Encyrtus elegans, Dalm. 
 
 Comys, Foerst. 
 
 Ex. Encyrtus scutellaris, Dalm. E. obscurus, Dalm. E. Swedori, 
 Dalm. E. morio, Dalm. 
 
 BoTHRYOTHORAX, BatZ. 
 
 Ex. Encyrtus clavicornis, Dalm. E. Eupales, Wlk. E. Arceanus, 
 Wlk. 
 
 Discodes, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus aeneus, Dalm. E. melanopterus, Nees. 
 
 Euryscapus, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus platycerus, Dalm. 
 
 Ceeapterocerus, Westw. 
 Ex. mirabilis, Westw. 
 
 Metallon, Wlk. 
 Ex. Acacallis, Wlk. 
 
 Choreia, Westw. 
 Ex. Encyrtus ineptus, Dalm. 
 
 Aglyptus, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus Lindus, Wlk. 
 
78 NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 Cercobelus, Hal. 
 
 Ex. Encyrtus Jugaeus, Wlk. Prof. Foerster suggests that this genus 
 and Copidosoma are identical. 
 
 Copidosoma, Ratz. 
 Ex. C. Boucheanum, Ratz. 
 
 Cerchysius, Westw. 
 Ex. Encyrtus urocerus, Dalm. 
 
 Erictdnus, Hal. 
 Ex. Encyrtus strigosus, Nees. E. paludatus, Hal. 
 
 Sterrhocoma, Foerst. 
 Ex. histrio, Foerst. 
 
 Dinoc arsis, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus hemipterus, Dalm. 
 
 Rhopus, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus Piso, Wlk. 
 
 Habrolepis, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus nubilipennis, Wlk. E. Zetterstedtii, Westw. 
 
 Sceptrophorus, Foerst. 
 Ex. Encyrtus paradoxus, Dalm. S. anomalus, Foerst. 
 
 Encyrtus, Dalm. 
 
 The genera before mentioned have very few representatives, but 
 the species that remain in Encyrtus are very numerous, and a 
 Synopsis of them is deferred. In them and in the literature relative 
 to them there is a wide field for investigation, and they include 
 several groups, which differ as much from each other as they do from 
 the genera already separated from Encyrtus. 
 
 Ectroma, Dalm. 
 
 Ex. fulvescens, Westw. This genus is not included by Prof. Foerster 
 in his Synopsis. 
 
MYINID.E. — EUPELMID^. 79 
 
 Encyrtus areolatus. Fcem. — Viridi-niger, crassus ; antennas 
 nigrae, subclavatae, thorace longiores, articulo lo luteo, clava sub- 
 lauceolata ; thorax fortiter punctatus ; abdomen cupreo-nigrurn ; pedes 
 nigri, tibiis basi tarsisque luteis ; ala3 diapbanae, testaceo venosae, 
 cubito piceo. 
 
 Female. Greenish black, very stout. Head hardly broader than 
 the thorax. Antennae black, subclavate, rather slender, longer than 
 the thorax ; first joint luteous : club sublanceolate, more than twice 
 the length of the preceding joint, which it hardly exceeds in breadth. 
 Thorax largely punctured. Abdomen cupreous-black, smooth, shining, 
 depressed above, nearly triangular, a little shorter than the thorax 
 which it equals in breadth at its base. Legs black ; tibiae towards 
 the tips and tarsi luteous. Wings pellucid ; veins testaceous ; cubitus 
 piceous, curved, longer than the radius. Length of the body f line. 
 
 The thorax is more finely punctured than that of E. clavicornis. 
 Bothryothorax may be reunited to Encyrtus, the characters on which 
 it is founded being too slight for those of a separate genus. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Fam. 7. MYINIDiE. 
 
 A. Fore wings with some hairless lines. 
 
 a. Three last joints of the antennae very unlike in 
 
 size. -.-.- Myina. 
 
 b. Three last joints of the antennae equal in 
 
 size. -.--. Mesidea. 
 
 B. Fore wings equally hairy. - - - Coccophagus. 
 
 Prof. Foerster, whose Synopsis of the Myinidae is here translated, 
 does not there mention any example of his genus Mesidia ; the other 
 two genera were previously published, and Myina is a synonym of 
 Aphelinus. 
 
 Fam 8. EUPELMIDiE. 
 
 The European genera of this family and of the Cleonymidae are 
 distinguished by Prof. Foerster as follows : 
 
 A. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi contracted, broad. - Halidea. 
 
 B. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi not contracted, nor 
 
 broad. 
 a. Front ridged near the insertion of the 
 
 antennae. 
 * Middle tibiae much elongated. 
 
 f Antennae inserted near the border of the mouth. Stenocera. 
 
 ft Antennae not inserted near the border of the 
 
 mOUth. ----- POLYMOHIA. 
 
80 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.E. 
 
 W Middle tibiae not elongated. - 
 
 b. Front not ridged near the insertion of the 
 
 antennae. 
 * Scutellum with a somewhat broad base. 
 ** Scutellum with a very narrow base. 
 
 | Middle tarsi with stout bristles beneath. 
 ft Middle tarsi without stout bristles beneath. - 
 
 Halidea and Metapelma are perhaps one genus. 
 
 Eusandalum. 
 
 Calosoter. 
 eopelmus. 
 
 ChaKITOI'US. 
 
 A. 
 a. 
 b. 
 B. 
 
 a. 
 
 b. 
 
 ** 
 t 
 
 ft 
 
 x 
 
 X X 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 Fain. 9. CLEONYMDXE. 
 
 Wingless. 
 
 Oviduct not prominent. 
 
 Oviduct very prominent. - 
 
 Winged. 
 
 Fore femora much incrassated. 
 
 Fore femora not incrassated. 
 
 Antennae with whorls of hairs. 
 
 Antennae without whorls of hairs. 
 
 Second abdominal segment with a trans- 
 verse impression. 
 
 Second abdominal segment with no trans- 
 verse impression. 
 
 Scutellum with a deep transverse furrow 
 near the tip. 
 
 Sutures of the parapsides distinct through- 
 out. - - - - - 
 
 Sutures of the parapsides indistinct. 
 
 Scutellum with no transverse furrow near 
 the tip. 
 
 Middle tibiae and middle tarsi incrassated. - 
 
 Middle tibiae and middle tarsi not incras- 
 sated. 
 
 Costa of the fore wings with a thickeuing at 
 the base. - - 
 
 Costa of the fore wings not thickened at the 
 base. 
 
 Club of the antennae obliquely truncated on 
 the under bide. 
 
 Club of the antennae not obliquely trun- 
 cated. 
 
 Antennae 12-jointed. 
 
 Antennae i;5-jointed. 
 
 Tricoryphus. 
 Cea. 
 
 Heyplma. 
 
 Plutothrix. 
 
 Teteacampe. 
 
 Trigonoderes. 
 Caudokia. 
 
 Prosopon. 
 
 Peatynocheilus. 
 
 NOTANISUS. 
 
 Cleonymus. 
 m br08tends. 
 
EUPELMTD.E. 81 
 
 One species of Cea is winged, and Tetracampe does not belong to 
 this family ; perhaps Platynocheilus should be removed from it, 
 and Notanisus is more nearly allied to the Eupeltnidse than to some 
 of the genera with which it is here associated. 
 
 There does not seem to be any near affinity between the Eupel- 
 midse and the Encyrtidse, notwithstanding their mutual resemblance 
 in the structure of the middle legs. There is a transition from the 
 Pteromalidse to the Cleonymidse : the former family includes a vast 
 number of species of small size and of slightly varying structure : in 
 the Cleonymidse, on the contrary, there are several exotic species of 
 large size and of remarkable form, some with incrassated fore legs, 
 others with incrassated hind legs, like the Chalcididse, and others 
 have a long oviduct like the Torymidse and the Agaonidse. 
 
 These exotic forms include the following geuera : Lycisca, Epis- 
 tenia, Prionopelma, Lelaps, Agamerion, Chalcodectus, Myrmecopsis, 
 Cleptimorpha. 
 
 Eupelmus subnubilus. Faun. — Corpus gracile. Frons valde 
 excavata. Antennse graciles, subclavatse, thorace longiores, prope os 
 insertse. Thorax antice depressus. Abdomen fusiforme, depressum, 
 subsessile, thorace paullo angustius et longius. Pedes graciles, 
 longiusculi ; tibise iutermedise articulis lo et 2o subdilatatis. Alae 
 breviusculse, sat angustse. 
 
 Female. — Body slender. Head and prothorax finely squamous. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax ; front much excavated. Eyes 
 large. Antennse slender, subclavate, longer than the thorax, inserted 
 near the mouth. Fore part of the thorax depressed. Abdomen 
 fusiform, depressed, subsessile, a little narrower and longer than the 
 thorax. Legs slender, rather long ; middle tibise with a long apical 
 spur; first and second joints of middle tarsi slightly dilated. Fore 
 wings rather short and narrow ; ulna much shorter than the humerus ; 
 radius much shorter than the ulna ; cubitus long, slightly curved, 
 much shorter than the radius ; stigma very small. 
 
 Fcem. Cupreus ; antennse nigra? ; pedes fulvi, tibiis basi f emori- 
 busque piceis ; alae auticse cinereas, plaga discali magna fuscescente. 
 
 Female. Cupreous. Eyes and antennse black. Legs tawny; 
 femora mostiy piceous ; tibise slightly piceous towards the base. 
 Wings cinereous ; veins tawny. Fore wings with a large brownish 
 diffuse patch in the disk. Length of the body 1| line. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
82 NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 Eupelmus PEzoMAcnoiDES. Mas. — Corpus gracile, fere lineare. 
 Antennae graciles, subclavatoa, thoraci BBquilongae, prope os inserts ; 
 articulus lus longus, gracilis, subarcuatus. Thorax antice depressus 
 et coarctatus. Abdomen sessile, depressum, thoraci asquilongura, 
 postice latescens. Pedes lougi, graciles. Alas breviusculas, sat 
 angustas. 
 
 Fcem. — Antenna? fere lineares, thorace multo longiores. Oviductus 
 abdomine inulto brevior. Pedes intermedii longissimi. Tarsi postici 
 basi dilatati. Abe anticse pcrangustas, thorace paullo longiores. 
 
 Male. — Body slender, nearly linear. Head and thorax very finely 
 squamous. Head as broad as the thorax. Eyes large. Antennas 
 slender, subclavate, apparently 9-jointed, as long as the thorax, 
 inserted near the base of the front ; first joint long, slender, slightly 
 curved. Thorax depressed and narrowed in front. Abdomen sessile, 
 depressed, increasing in breadth from the base to the tip, as long as 
 the thorax. Legs long, slender. Wings rather short and narrow ; 
 ulna a little longer than the humerus ; radius much shorter than the 
 ulna ; cubitus moderately long. 
 
 Female. — Antennas nearly linear, much longer than the thorax. 
 Abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the thorax. Sheaths of the 
 oviduct much shorter than the abdomen. Middle legs very long. 
 First joint of the hind tarsi much dilated; second slightly dilated. 
 Fore wings very narrow, a little longer than the thorax. 
 
 Mas. — Cupreus ; frons viridis ; antennas nigras, articulo lo luteo ; 
 mesothoracis latera viridia; abdomen basi album ; pedes nigri, tibiis 
 basi tarsisque pallide Mavis ; alas anticas fasciis duabus latis nigri- 
 cantibus fasciaque intermedia tenui alba. 
 
 Fmm. — Antennas omnino nigras ; thorax totus cupreus ; tarsi antici 
 lutei ; tarsi quatuor posteriores albi; alas anticas alba?, fasciis duabus 
 latis nigris, 2o apicali. 
 
 Male.— Cupreous. Front bright green. Antennas black ; first 
 joint luteous, Thorax bright green on each side near the base of the 
 fore wings. Abdomen white towards the base. Legs black: tibias 
 at the base and tarsi pale yellow. "Wings pellucid. Fore wings with 
 two broad blackish bands, between which there is a narrow inward- 
 curved white band; veins tawny. Length of the body lJ line. 
 
 Female. — Cupreous. Antennas wholly black. Thorax wholly 
 cupreous. Abdomen white towards the base. Sheaths of the oviduct 
 black. Legs black; fore tarsi luteous; four posterior tarsi white. 
 Wings white. Fore wings with two broad black bands; second band 
 apical. Length of the body 1} line. 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
EUPELMID.E. 83 
 
 Eupelmus subvittatus. Fami. — Corpus gracile. Caput magnum, 
 tkorace latius. Antennae graciles, subclavatas, thoraci aequilongae. 
 Parapsidium suturas approximate, bene determinates. Abdomen 
 sessile, lanceolaturn, depressum, apice subcompvessum. Oviductus 
 abdomine paullo brevior. Pedes longi, graciles ; tarsi intermedii 
 breves, subdilatati. Alas angustas. 
 
 Female. — Body slender. Head and thorax finely squamous. Head 
 large, broader than the thorax. Antennas slender, subclavate, as long 
 as the thorax, inserted near the month. Thorax elongate. Prothorax 
 well developed, narrower in front. Sutures of the parapsides distinct, 
 approximate. Abdomen wholly sessile, lanceolate, depressed, slightly 
 compressed at the tip. Sheaths of the oviduct stout, a little shorter 
 than the abdomen. Legs long, slender ; middle tibiae with a stout 
 apical spur ; middle tarsi short, slightly dilated. Fore wings narrow ; 
 ulna almost as long as the humerus ; radius full half the length of 
 the ulna ; cubitus long ; stigma small. 
 
 Fccm. — Cupreus ; antennae nigrae ; mesothoracis latera viridia ; 
 abdomen basi et apice testaceo univittatum ; pedes fulvi, femoribus 
 anticis piceo latissime unifasciatis, tibiis anticis basi extus piceis, 
 femoribus tibiisque intermediis piceo subnotatis ; alas cinereas. 
 
 Female. — Cupreous. Antennas and sheaths of the oviduct black. 
 Mesothorax bright green on each side. Abdomen with a testaceous 
 stripe near the base and near the tip. Legs tawny ; fore femora with 
 a very broad piceous band; fore tibiae piceous on the outer side 
 towards the base ; middle femora and middle tibiae slightly marked 
 with piceous. Fore wings cinereous ; veins testaceous. Length of 
 the body If line. 
 
 South France. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Eupelmus Leithi. Mas. — Purpureus ; antennas nigras, sub- 
 clavatae, thorace paullo breviores, articulo lo luteo ; thoracis discus 
 viridis ; abdomen nigricans, basi lutescens ; pedes picei, genubus 
 tarsisque fulvis : alas anticas fuscas, basi ajnceque cinereas, fascia 
 media arcuata alba. 
 
 Male. — Purple. Antennas black, subclavate, a little shorter than 
 the thorax; first joint luteous. Prothorax attenuated in front. Disk 
 of the mesothorax flat, bright green. Abdomen blackish, lutescent 
 towards the base. Legs piceous ; knees and tarsi tawny. Fore wings 
 brown, cinereous at the base and at the tips, with a white inward- 
 curved baud across the middle of the brown part. Hind wings 
 pellucid. Length of the body 2 lines. 
 
84 KOTES ON CHALCIDI^E. 
 
 Reared in October at Bombay by Dr. Leith, from blisters on the 
 parenchyma at the edges of a leaf of Duranta ; it emerged from a hole 
 in the middle of the blister, which was probably formed by the grub 
 of a dipterous or of a microlepidepterous insect. Its near relations 
 are widely spread, for it is closely allied to Antigaster mirabilis of 
 North America (the 'American Entomologist' ii. 309, f. 9a), to 
 Eupelmus bifasciatus of South Europe, and to Calosoter bifasciatus 
 of China. The name of the last species may be changed to Eupelmus 
 fascipennis ; it appears also in Borneo. Notanisus versicolor is allied 
 to this group, and especially to E. Leithi. 
 
 The genus Chirolophus of Haliday is distinguished from the other 
 Eupelmidae by the rlabellate antenna? of the male. 
 
 Pkionopelma longifica. Faun. — Cyaneo-viridis : antenna? nigra?, 
 fere filiformes, thorace paullo longiores, articulo lo cyaneo-viridi ; 
 thorax purpureo varius, lateribus rutis, metathorace scabro ; abdomen 
 lanceolatum, subsessile, subcoinpressum, thorace longius, basi cupreo 
 varium ; oviductus corpore triplo longior ; pedes rufi ; ala? antica? 
 cinerea?, fuscescente substrigata?. 
 
 Female. — Bright bluish green, with cinereous pubescence. Eyes 
 piceous. Antenna? black, nearly filiform, a little longer than the 
 thorax ; first joint bluish green. Thorax finely squamous, partly 
 purple ; sides smooth, red. Prothorax short. Sutures of the parap- 
 sides strongly marked. Metathorax elongated, scabrous. Abdomen 
 lanceolate, smooth, subsessile, slightly compressed, longer than the 
 thorax, partly cupreous towards the base. Oviduct and its sheath 
 black, thrice the leugth of the body. Legs red ; middle tibiffl with a 
 thick apical spine ; middle tarsi slightly dilated, except towards the 
 tips. Wings cinereous ; veins black. Eore wings with a very slight 
 and diffuse brownish streak ; humerus much longer than the ulna ; 
 radius a little longer than the ulna ; cubitus about one-fifth of the 
 length of the ulna ; stigma very small. Length of the body 4 fines ; 
 of the oviduct 12 lines. 
 
 Most allied to P. longicollis ; the thorax is shorter and the wings 
 are a little shorter. 
 
 Amazon Region. 
 
 Genus CLEPTIMORPHA. 
 
 Mas. — Corpus sat gracile, fere lineare. Caput thorace paullo 
 latius. Antenna? graciles, filiformes, apud os insertiB, thorace uon 
 breviores. Prothorax transversus, subquadratus, bene determinatus. 
 Mesothorax fere planus ; parapsidum sutura? indistiucta? ; scutellum 
 
CLEGNYMID.E. 85 
 
 parvum, fere rotundum. Metathorax magnus, postice angustior. 
 Abdomen clavatum, planum, subsessile, thorace paullo longius. Coxae 
 posticae longissiruae. Femora postica valde incrassata, subtus tri- 
 dentata. Tibiae posticae arcuatae, subclavatae. Tarsi intermedii basi 
 subiucrassati. Alae latae. 
 
 Male. — Body rather slender, nearly linear. Head and thorax 
 convex, finely squamous. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antenuae slender, filiform, compact, inserted near the mouth, full as 
 long as the thorax ; first joint long, slender ; second elongate-cyathi- 
 form ; the others linear, closely fitted together ; tips mutilated in the 
 specimen described. Protborax subquadrate, transverse, well- 
 developed. Mesothorax nearly flat ; sutures of the parapsides indis- 
 tinct ; scutellum small, nearly round. Metathorax much developed, 
 decreasing in breadth from the base to the abdomen. Abdomen flat, 
 subsessile, clavate, smooth, shining, a little longer than the thorax. 
 Hind coxae very long; hind femora much incrassated, armed beneath 
 with three long stout teeth, of which the third and subapical one is 
 double ; hind tibiae curved, subclavate ; middle tarsi slightly 
 incrassated towards the base. Wings ample ; ulna as long as the 
 humerus ; radius and cubitus moderately long. 
 
 This genus is one of the Cleonymidae ; it resembles the Chalcididae 
 in the structure of the hind legs. 
 
 C. binotata. Mas. — Cyaneo-viridis ; antennae nigrae, articulo lo 
 testaceo ; abdomen basi plagaque discali testaceis ; pedes testacei, 
 coxis posticis cyaneo-viridibus apice testaceis, femoribus posticis ex 
 parte nigricantibus, tibiis intermediis nigris, tarsis quatuor posteriori- 
 bus basi nigris ; alae diaphanae, testaceo venosae. 
 
 Male. — Bluish green. Autennae black ; first joint testaceous. 
 Abdomen testaceous at the base and with a large testaceous patch in 
 the disk. Legs testaceous ; hind coxae bluish green, testaceous 
 towards the tips ; hind femora partly blackish ; middle tibiae black ; 
 four posterior tarsi black towards the base. Wings pellucid ; veins 
 testaceous. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Madeira. 
 
 Trigonoderus contractus. Fam. — Viridis ; antennae nigrae, 
 subclavatae, thorace vix longiores, articulo lo flavo basi apiceque 
 viridi ; abdomen cupreum, lanceolatum, depressum, thorace multo 
 longius ; pedes flavi, femoribus tibiisque auticis ex parte fuscescenti- 
 bus ; alae diaphanae, venis pallide testaceis. 
 
 Female. — Bright green. Head and thorax finely squamous. Head 
 a little broader than the thorax. Antennae black, subclavate, hardly 
 
86 NOTES ON CHALCIDIjE. 
 
 longer than the thorax ; first joint yellow, green at the base and at 
 the tip ; club elongate-elliptical, much broader than the preceding 
 joint and more than twice its length. Abdomen smooth, cupreous, 
 lanceolate, depressed, very much longer thau the thorax. -Legs 
 j'ellow ; fore femora and fore tibiae brownish, except at the base and 
 at the tip. Wings pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; ulna very much 
 shorter than the humerus ; radius rather shorter than the ulna ; 
 cubitus long, less than half the length of the radius. Length of the 
 body 3 lines. 
 
 The longer abdomen distinguishes it from all the other described 
 species of the genus. 
 England. In the collection of Dr. Chapman. 
 
 Note. — Pteromalus abnormis (Boheman, Ofv. K. V. Akad. Forh. 
 1859, 59, pi. 2, f. 3) perhaps belongs to the Agaonidae. It was 
 reared by Boheman in Lapland, from a pupa, perhaps of Sarcophaga, 
 in the nest of a swallow. The male has incomplete wings. 
 
 Eupelmus tenuicollis. Fcem. — Corpus gracile, longum. Caput 
 thorace latins. Oculi magni. Antennae graciles, fere filiformes, 
 thorace paullo longiores. Thorax subquadratus, antice attenuatus. 
 Abdomen longi-fusiforme, depressum, subsessile, thorace paullo 
 brevius. Pedes graciles ; femora antica valde incrassata. Alas 
 anticae sat angustae. 
 
 Female. — Body slender, elongated. Head and thorax very finely 
 squamous. Head broader than the thorax, attached to the prothorax 
 by a very slender neck. Antennae slender, compact, nearly filiform, 
 a little longer than the thorax; joints elongated. Thorax slightly 
 compressed. Prothorax elougate-subquadrate. Mesothorax and 
 metathorax much like those of Metapelma in structure. Abdo- 
 men elongate-fusiform, depressed, subsessile, a little shorter thau the 
 thorax. Legs slender ; fore femora much incrassated ; middle tibiae 
 with a long apical spine ; middle tarsi slightly incrassated. Fore 
 wings rather narrow; ulna about half the length of the humerus; 
 radius about as long as the ulna; cubitus rather short; stigma 
 moderately large. 
 
 Fccm. — Viridis ; antennae nigrae ; pedes virides, femoribus quatuor 
 posterioribus basi tibiis quatuor posterioribus tarsisque ferrugineis; 
 alae ciuereae. 
 
 Female. — Metallic-green. Antennae black. Eyes piceous. Four 
 posterior femora towards the base and four posterior tibiae and tarsi 
 
CLEONYMIDJi. 87 
 
 ferruginous. Wings cinereous ; veins black. Length of the body 
 3 hues. 
 
 Mysol. 
 
 Epistenia nigra. Fcem. — Nigra ; caput thoraee paullo latius ; 
 antenna? subclavatoe, thoraee paullo breviores ; prothorax brevis, sub- 
 quadratus ; parapsidurn sutura3 valde determinatae ; metathorax 
 brevis ; abdomen convexum, sessile, thoraee fere quadruplo longius, 
 dimidio apicali compresso stylato ; pedes breviusculi, sat graciles, 
 tibiis tarsisque piceis basi sordide albidis ; alas cinereae. 
 
 Male. — Black, with slight cinereous tomentum. Head and thorax 
 very finely squamous. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae subclavate, compact, a little shorter than the thorax. Pro- 
 thorax short, subquadrate. Mesothorax with the sutures of the 
 parapsides strongly marked. Metathorax short. Abdomen convex, 
 quite sessile, nearly four times the length of the thorax, its hinder 
 half forming a compressed style. Legs rather short and slender; 
 tibiae and tarsi piceous, dingy whitish towards the base. Wings 
 cinereous; veins black; ulna about half the length of the humerus, a 
 little longer than the radius ; cubitus very short ; stigma very small. 
 Length of the body 5 lines. 
 
 Zulu. 
 
 Epistenia quadkiplagiata. Fcem. — Cyaneo-viridis ; caput thoraci 
 aequilatum ; antennae nigrae, subclavatae, thoraee vix breviores, 
 articulo lo viridi; prothorax brevis, subquadratus ; parapsidurn 
 suturae valde determinatae ; metathorax brevissimus ; abdomen con- 
 vexum, lanceolatum, sessile, peracutum, basi cupreum, thoraee multo 
 longius ; pedes rufi, sat graciles ; alae anticae cinereae, plagis duabus 
 fuscesceutibus connexis. 
 
 Female. — Bluish green, slightly pubescent. Head and thorax 
 finely squamous. Head as broad as the thorax. Eyes piceous. 
 Antennae black, subclavate, compact, nearly as long as the thorax ; 
 first joint green. Prothorax short, subquadrate. Mesothorax with 
 the sutures of the parapsides strongly marked. Metathorax very 
 short. Abdomen sessile, lanceolate, convex, smooth, very acute, 
 bright cupreous above at the base, much longer than the thorax. 
 Legs red, rather slender ; middle tibiae with a long apical spine. 
 Wings cinereous; two brownish patches, which are connected with 
 each other and with the costa on each fore wing ; veins black ; ulna 
 much more than half tbe length of tbe humerus ; radius as long as 
 the ulna ; cubitus rather short ; stigma very small. Length of the 
 body 3i lines. 
 
 Amazon Region. 
 
&£ NOTES ON CHALCIDJ.E. 
 
 Fam. 10. SPALANGID^E. 
 
 A. Antenna? inserted close to the mouth. - Spalangia. 
 
 B. Antennae inserted far from the border of the 
 
 mouth. .... Cerocephala. 
 
 Spalangia nigra inhabits the Galapagos as well as Europe, and 
 never appears in abnudance, though it is a parasite of Musca 
 domestiea. The wingless female of Cerocephala cornigera is some- 
 times seen crawling on paper; it occurs rarely; it has been found 
 near London, in the North of England, in North Devon and in 
 Killarney. 
 
 Fam. 11. PIRENID/E. 
 
 A. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed. 
 
 a. Eyes of the male approximate. - - Macroglenes. 
 
 b. Eyes wide apart in both sexes. - - Calypso. 
 
 B. Maxillary palpi 2-jointed. - - - Pirene. 
 
 Prof. Foerster proposes the name Euryophrys instead of Calypso, 
 the latter name having been used previously for a genus of plants. 
 
 The insects of this family are few in species and comparatively 
 scarce in individuals. They have not a near affinity to the Spalan- 
 gidna, nor to the Hormoceridas, and are as yet isolated from every 
 other family of the tribe. 
 
NOTES 
 
 CHALCIDI.E 
 
 Part VI. 
 
 HORMOCEKIDiE, SPHEGIGASTERID.E, 
 
 PTEROMALID^, ELASMHLE, ELACHISTID.E, 
 
 EULOPHIDiE, ENTEDONID.E, TETRASTICHID.E, 
 
 TRICHOGRAMMID^. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 E. W. JAN SON, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1872. 
 
I. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVON SHIRK BTREET, 
 BI3HOPSGATE, 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDL3E. 
 
 PART VI 
 
 V- 
 
 / 
 
 Cerocephala formiciformis. 
 
 Pirene varicornis. 
 
90 
 
 NOTES ON CIIALCIDI.r.. 
 
 Gastrancistrus laticornis. 
 
 Hormocerus maritimus. 
 
 Psilonotus adaiuas. 
 
NOTES ON CHALC1DI4;. 
 
 ( J1 
 
 Khaphitelus maculatus.' 
 
 Scmiotus varians. 
 
 Systasis encyrtoides. 
 
92 
 
 NOTES ON CHAJ.CID1,*'.. 
 
 Syntomopus thoracicus. 
 
 Sphegigaster flavicornis. 
 
 Merisus splenclidus. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDT£). 
 
 93 
 
 Dipara petiolata. 
 
 Coryna clavata. 
 
94 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDI/E. 
 
 Psilocera obscura. 
 
 Frosodes ater. 
 
HORIVIOCERID.E. 
 
 95 
 
 Metopon atrura. 
 
 A. 
 a. 
 
 I 
 tt 
 
 b. 
 
 B. 
 
 a. 
 
 b. 
 * 
 
 t 
 tt 
 
 Fam. 12. HORMOCEBIDA 
 
 Abdomen not compressed. 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed. 
 
 Parapsides strongly marked. 
 
 Parapsides not strongly marked. 
 
 Antennas with two ringlets in both sexes. 
 
 Oviduct not prominent. 
 Antennas of the male with three ringlets, of 
 
 the female with two ringlets. Oviduct 
 
 somewhat prominent. 
 Antennas 12-jointed. 
 Antennas with three ringlets. 
 Antennas with one ringlet. 
 Abdomen compressed. 
 
 Parapsides not well 
 Parapsides well defined. 
 
 Thorax fiat, 
 
 Antennas 12-jointed 
 defined. - 
 
 Antennas 13-jointed. 
 
 Thorax convex. 
 
 Antennas with stylate tips. 
 
 Autennas without stylate tips. 
 
 Club of the antennas shorter than the two 
 preceding joints. - 
 
 Club of the antennas as long as the two pre- 
 ceding joints, or longer. - 
 
 Hormocerus. 
 
 Urolepis. 
 
 Anogmus. 
 
 MlCRADELUS. 
 
 Tripedias. 
 
 PsiLONOTUS. 
 ISOPLATA. 
 
 PtHAPHITELUS. 
 
 Meromalus. 
 Gastrancistrus. 
 
 Prof. Foerster observes that Miscogaster Stygne is the male of 
 Urolepis maritimus, and that Pteromalus salinus, Von Heyden, a 
 parasite of Ccenia halophila, is a second species of Urolepis. Anogmus 
 has been reared from fir-cones, which are inhabited by Tortrix 
 strobilana. The above author remarks that he has two snecies of 
 
96 KOTES ON CHAI.C1DJ.E. 
 
 Tripedias, one of which is a parasite of Cecidomvia tenebricosa and 
 of C. Tremuke. He mentions a species of Psilonotus, which he 
 names P. Catuli, and says that it has much resemblance to P. Hor- 
 tensia. He changes the name Raphitelus to Raphidotelos, and 
 observes that it is Stylocerus of Ratzeburg, which that author altera 
 to Storthygocerus. R. maculatus is a parasite of Hylesinus Spartii, 
 and R. Ladenbergii, Rate., of H. Fraxiui. 
 
 Hormocerus impletus. Fiem. — Loete viridis, crassus ; antenna? 
 nigra?, Bubclavatffi, thoraci fequilonga? ; abdomen ovatum, subsessile, 
 cupreo varium, thoraci aequilongum ; pedes nigri, geuubus fulvis, 
 tibiis apice tarsisque albidis ; ake diapkame. 
 
 Female. — Bright green, very stout. Head and thorax finely 
 squamous. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae black, sub- 
 clavate, as long as the thorax. Thorax very convex. Prothorax 
 very short. Sutures of the parapsides distinct. Metathorax short. 
 Abdomen subsessile, oval, very finely squamous, partly cupreous, as 
 long as the thorax. Legs black ; knees tawny ; tarsi and tips of 
 tibia? whitish. Wings pellucid ; veins tawny ; ulna a little more 
 than half the length of the humerus; radius much shorter than the 
 ulna; cubitus much shorter than the radius. Length of tbe body 
 1 line. 
 
 It resembles H, Sabbas, but is much stouter. 
 
 Corsica, In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Fam. 13. SPHEGIGASTERHXE. 
 
 A. Head unusually developed ; front with two 
 
 sharply defined edges between the eyes. Oahatomus, 
 
 B. Head not unusually developed, 
 
 a. Ulna of the fore wings unusually long, 
 occupying the greater part of the fore 
 border. .... Dipaka. 
 
 h. Ulna of the fore wings not unusually long. 
 * Ulna much incrassated. 
 
 f Mesothorax with two deep furrows. - Pachtcrepis. 
 
 •f-f Mesothorax with no deep furrows. 
 
 I Abdomen flat above or compressed. - Pachynei RON. 
 
 JI Abdomen convex above. 
 § Sixth abdominal segment (the petiole being 
 reckoned as the first) as long as the fifth ; 
 seventh and eighth very small in the 
 female. .... EoMBI RA. 
 
SPHI':G1GASTERID.£. 
 
 §§ Sixth abdominal segment hardly one-third 
 or hardly half the length of the fifth ; 
 seveuth very small ; eighth not visible 
 (perhaps wholly wanting). - - Hypsicamara. 
 
 ■■■•■■■ Ulna not incrassated. 
 f Apical joint of the maxillary palpi much 
 incrassated in the male, clavate or 
 spatulate. 
 | Third abdominal segment not or hardly 
 
 shorter than the second. - - Cyrtogaster. 
 
 H Third abdominal segment much shorter 
 
 than the second. 
 § Stigma much incrassated. - - - Sph^eripalpus. 
 
 §§ Stigma not incrassated. - - - Pachylarthrus. 
 
 If Apical joint of the maxillary palpi not 
 
 incrassated. 
 I Middle tibiae clavate. - - - Spaniopus. 
 
 H Middle tibiae not clavate. 
 
 § Prothorax subquadrate. - - - Syntomopus. 
 
 §§ Prothorax rounded in front. 
 X Antennae with long hairs, 
 o Antennae 12-jointed, with one ringlet ; 
 
 club not jointed. - - - Arthrolysjs. 
 
 oo Antennae 13-jointed, with two ringlets ; 
 
 club with two joints. - - - Dichalysis. 
 
 Antennae with no long hairs. 
 
 Ulna as long as the humerus. - - Panstenon. 
 
 Ulna shorter than the humerus. 
 Third abdominal segment covering all the 
 
 following segments. - - - Cryptoprymna. 
 
 Third abdominal segment not covering all 
 
 the following segments. 
 Antennae 12-jointed. . - - Isocyrtus. 
 
 Antennae 1 3-jointed. 
 
 Fifth joint of the antennae small. - - Micromelus. 
 
 Fifth joint of the antennae of the usual 
 
 size. 
 Stigma very large. - - - Lamprotatus. 
 
 Stigma not large. 
 V Petiole very long. - - - Sphegigaster. 
 
 VV Petiole not long. 
 > Abdomen compressed. - - - Toxeuma. 
 
 > ►> Abdomen not compressed. 
 
 ■< Abdomen not half as broad as the thorax. - Tityros. 
 
 <5 <i Abdomen about as broad as the thorax. 
 
 X X 
 
 A 
 AA 
 
98 NOTES ON CHALCIDIiE. 
 
 U Third abdominal segment almost as large 
 
 as the second, 
 -f- Hind border of the second segment much 
 
 curved. - - - Cyrtogaster, Fern, 
 
 -f- + Hind border of the second segment quite 
 
 straight. .... Isocratus. 
 
 1HT Third abdominal segment much smaller than 
 the second. 
 + Second abdominal segment hardly one-third 
 of the length of all the following 
 segments together. - - Merisus. 
 
 + -+- Second abdominal segment more than half 
 the length of all the following segments 
 together. 
 = One mandible curved, the other straight. - Dicyclus. 
 
 == Both mandibles straight. - - Pachylarthrus, Fem. 
 
 Several of the genera in this family hardly belong to it, but 
 they are represented by very few species, and may be considered as 
 abnormal genera and not as the types of new families. Foerster 
 considers Caratomus to belong to this family and not to the Peri- 
 lampidae, with which it has been previously placed. He remarks the 
 resemblance of Dipara to some of the Myrmaridge, and suggests the 
 identity of his genus Hypsicamara with Euneura. The name 
 Cyrtogaster is changed by him to Dicormus, Psilocera to Dichelysis, 
 and Prosodes to Cryptoprymna, and he mentions the affinity of 
 Panstenon to the Cleonymidas. Asaphes (changed by him to 
 Isocratus) is one of the abnornal genera of the family. Curyna he 
 alters to Pachycrepis. 
 
 Fam. 14. PTEKOMALUXE. 
 
 A. Furrows of the parapsides complete and 
 well-defined. 
 
 a. Antennas 11-jointed. Abdomen wholly 
 
 covered by the first segment. - - Eumotus. 
 
 b. Antennas with more than 11 joints. 
 
 * Antennae 13-joiuted. - - Tridvmus. 
 
 ** Auteunae 12-jointed. 
 f Thorax not punctured. Fore wings with a 
 
 hair-line proceeding from the stigma. - Systasis. 
 
 fj- Thorax punctured. Fore wings with no 
 
 hair-line. 
 I Antennae of the male with two ringlets and 
 with a two-jointed club. Antennas of 
 
PTER0MALID.E. 
 
 99 
 
 the female with two rings and with a 
 three-jointed club. Stigma incrassated. Oxtglypta. 
 
 H Antennae with two ringlets and with a three- 
 jointed club. Stigma not incrassated. - Stictonotus. 
 B. Furrows of the parapsides not deeply defined. 
 
 a. Antenna? 12-jointed. 
 
 * Thorax longer than the abdomen. - - Meraporus. 
 ** Thorax shorter than the abdomen. - - Metastenus. 
 
 b. Antennas 13-jointed. 
 
 * Front strongly punctured. Oviduct very 
 
 prominent. . . . Roptrocerus. 
 
 ** Front not or slightly punctured. Oviduct 
 not or slightly prominent. 
 •j- Antennae with three ringlets. 
 
 | Antennae with much incrassated tips. - Metopon. 
 
 H Tips of the antennae not much incrassated. 
 § Thorax flat above. Body slender, nearly 
 
 linear. - ■ - - Platyterma. 
 
 §§ Thorax convex above. Body short, broad. Amblvmerus. 
 
 ft Antennae with two ringlets. 
 
 I Stigma much incrassated. - - - CjEnacis. 
 
 H Stigma not incrassated. 
 
 § Radius much incrassated. - - - Xenocrepis. 
 
 §§ Radius not incrassated. 
 X Head with a smooth line, that extends from 
 
 the base of the mandibles to the vertex. Peridesmta. 
 
 X X Head with no smooth line. 
 
 o Fore wings with a strong costal excavation. Simopterus. 
 
 oo Fore wings with no costal excavation. 
 
 -+■ Radius and cubitus much shortened. - Dibrachys. 
 
 -+—*- Radius and cubitus not much shortened. 
 *-* The two ringlets hardly shorter than the 
 following joints. Cheeks very broad. 
 Hind head much excavated. - - Cozlopisthia. 
 
 *-**»* The two ringlets very small. 
 
 «?■= Cheeks very prominent. - - - Digeochis. 
 
 mww Cheeks not very prominent. 
 
 A Femora thick, especially the fore femora. 
 V Ulna incrassated. 
 |> Radius and cubitus not half the length of 
 
 the ulna. .... Metacolus. 
 
 >- > Radius and cubitus more than half the 
 
 length of the ulna. - - - Pandelus. 
 
 VV Ulna not incrassated. 
 >■ Stigma curved downward, round. - Dinotls. 
 
100 NOTES <>N ' HALCIDl.E. 
 
 P- > Stigma not curved downward. 
 
 <3 Fore femora with bordered tips. Hind tibiae 
 
 with a row of fine spines. - - Pachtchirus. 
 
 <3 <i Fore femora without bordered tips. Hind 
 tibiae with no row of spines. 
 — Stigma regularly club-shaped. - - Rhopalicus. 
 
 == Stigma not club-shaped, much incrassated 
 
 on the inner side. - - - Acrocormus. 
 
 AA Femora slender. 
 
 V Piadius twice longer than the ulna. - Etroxys. 
 
 VV Radius not twice longer than the uhia. - Pteromalus. 
 
 The above Synopsis of genera, like the rest of the classifications 
 in these notes, is translated from Prof. Foerster's " Studien," pt. 
 Chalcidiae, &c, which is the most complete and metbodical work on 
 the families and genera of the tribe that has yet been published, and 
 with the introduction which treats of the structure of the Chalcidiae 
 and of the preceding literature relating to them, may be used as the 
 means of more progress in the knowledge of the species. Of these 
 he has published vei*y little, and there is a very large untouched 
 field for the works of future observers. The investigation of the 
 Pterornalidae is much more difficult than that of the other families, 
 owing to the immense number of species in the genus Pteromalus and 
 the close affinity between many of them, and the frequent great 
 difference in colour between the male and the female so that the 
 sexes often cannot be recognized as one species till they are reared 
 from the pupa. 
 
 Megapelte, Foerst., is another name for Eunotus which has also 
 been named Trityphus and is an example of a small distinct family. 
 Tridymus and Seladerma are identical, so also are Stictonotus and 
 Semiotus. Oxyglypta is nearly allied to the two preceding genera, 
 and the three represent a family which may be distinguished from 
 the Pterornalidae by the strongly-marked sutures of the parapsides. 
 The genus Metopou must be annulled, being the female of Psilocera. 
 Platyterma and Amblymerus are sections of Pteromalus. Pachy- 
 chirus is an alteration of Cheiropachys ; it and Etroxys indicate a 
 transition to the Cleouymkke. 
 
 Pteromalus insularis. Fain. — iEneus, crassus ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius; antennas piceae, subclavatae, sat graciles, articulo lo 
 luteo. clava longi-conica ; abdomen depressum, sublanceolatum, sub- 
 sessile, subtus valde angulatum, thorace brevius et angustius; pedes 
 albidi, femoribus nigris ; alae diaphanae, testaceo pallidissimo venosae. 
 
 Female. — ^Eneous, very stout. Head and prothorax finely 
 squamous. Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae 
 
PTEROMALID.E. 101 
 
 piceous, subclavate, rather slender, about as long as the thorax ; first 
 joint luteous, long, slender ; club elongate-conical, much longer than 
 the preceding joint. Prothorax short, but distinct. Sutures of the 
 parapsides very slight. Abdomen sublanceolate, subsessile, depressed, 
 very angular beneath, narrower and shorter than the thorax. Legs 
 ■whitish ; femora black except at the tips. Wings pellucid ; veins 
 very pale testaceous ; ulna a little more than half the length of the 
 humerus ; radius rather shorter than the ulna, much longer tban the 
 cubitus ; stigma very small. Length of the body 1£ line. 
 
 It resembles P. elevatus, Walk., from which it may be distinguished 
 by the paler legs. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Pteromalus pandens. Group n. Mas. — Corpus robustum, 
 subtilissime squameum. Caput magnum, thorace multo latius. 
 Antennae setulosae, filiformes, graciles, medio frontis insertae, corporis 
 dimidio multo longiores ; articulus lus longissimus ; clava sublanceo- 
 lata. Prothorax brevissimus. Metathorax brevis, declivis. Abdomen 
 postice sublatescens, thorace brevius et multo angustius. Pedes 
 graciles. Alae amplae. 
 
 Male. — Body stout. Head and thorax very finely squamous. 
 Head large, much broader than the thorax. Antennas setulose, 
 filiform, slender, inserted in the middle of the front, much more than 
 half the lengtb of the body ; first joint very long ; third and following 
 joints to the eighth linear, separated by short petioles ; club sub- 
 lanceolate, nearly twice the length of the preceding joint. Prothorax 
 very short. Sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Metathorax short, 
 declining. Abdomen smooth, depressed, slightly increasing in breadth 
 from the base nearly to the tip, shorter and much narrower than the 
 thorax. Legs slender. Fore wings ample ; ulna more than half the 
 length of the humerus ; radius about half the length of the ulna ; 
 cubitus somewhat shorter than the radius ; stigma of moderate size. 
 
 Mas. — iEneus ; antennae nigrae basi fulvae ; pedes fulvi, femoribus 
 nigris apice fulvis, tibiis quatuor posterioribus ex parte piceis ; alae 
 anticae subfumosae, nigro venosae. 
 
 Male. — iEneous. Antennae black ; first joint tawny. Legs tawny ; 
 femora black, with tawny tips ; four posterior tibiae partly piceous 
 above. Fore wings slightly smoky ; veins black. Length of the body 
 2 lines. 
 
 Torla, Spain. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Pteromalus semiluteus. Group n. Fcem. — Corpus latissimum, 
 sat crassum, subtilissime squameum. Caput thorace latius. Antennae 
 
102 NOTES ON CHALCIDIiE 
 
 graciles, fere filiformes, thorace multo breviores, clava lanceolata. 
 Prothorax et metathorax brevissimis. Abdomen sessile, fere ovale, 
 tboraci subaequale. Pedes breviusculi, sat graciles. Alae parvulae. 
 
 Female. — Body very broad, ratber tbick. Head and tborax very 
 finely squamous. Head somewbat broader than tbe tborax. Antennae 
 slender, nearly filiform, much shorter than tbe thorax : club 
 lanceolate, about thrice the length of the preceding joint. Thorax 
 compact. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides very 
 indistinct; scutellum large. Metathorax very short. Abdomen 
 sessile, smooth, shining, nearly oval, depressed above, about equal to 
 the thorax in length and breadth. Legs rather short and slender. 
 Wings rather short ; ulna a little less than half the length of the 
 humerus ; radius as long as the ulna; cubitus much shorter than tbe 
 radius ; stigma very small. 
 
 Fccm. — Niger; antennas testaceae; abdomen et pedes lutea; alae 
 diaphanae, pallido venosse. 
 
 Female. — Black. Antennae testaceous. Abdomen and legs 
 luteous. Wings very pellucid ; veins pale testaceous. Length of 
 the body ± line. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Fain. 15. ELASMID^. 
 
 Represented only by the genus Elasmus (Aueure, Nees). 
 
 Fain. 16. ELACHISTLD^. 
 
 A. Hind tibiae with two long spurs. - - Euplectrus. 
 
 B. Hind tibiae without two long spurs. 
 
 a. Abdomen with a short petiole. - - Elachistds. 
 
 b. Abdomen sessile. 
 
 * Furrows of tbe parapsides extending to the 
 
 scutellum. Antennae with two ringlets. - Aulogymnus. 
 
 ** Furrows of the parapsides not extending to the 
 scutellum. Antennae with one ringlet, 
 f Antennae 8-jointed ; club not jointed in tbe 
 
 male, with two joints in the female. - Olynx. 
 
 ft Antennae 9-jointed; club 2-jointed. - - Teleogmus. 
 
 Tbe genus Olynx is founded on Ichneumon gallarum, Linn. 
 
 Euplectrus intactus. Fain. — Niger, subtiliter squamous ; 
 antennae testaceae; thoracis latera postica albo pilosa; abdomen 
 pallide testaceum, antice nigro ante marginatum; pedes palbde 
 testacei ; alae limpidissimae, testaceo pallido veuosae. 
 
eulophidjE. 103 
 
 Female. — Black. Head and thorax finely squamous. Eyes bright 
 red. Antennae testaceous. Thorax with several long white hairs on 
 each side of the hind part. Abdomen pale testaceous ; fore half 
 narrowly bordered with black. Legs pale testaceous. Wings very 
 pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; humerus setose ; ulna a little shorter 
 than the humerus ; radius less than half the length of the ulna ; 
 cubitus shorter than the radius. Length of the body j- line. 
 
 This perhaps will be considered as a variety of E. bicolor, from 
 which it is distinguished by the abdomen, which is not black towards 
 the tip, and by tbe much more pellucid wings. 
 
 Corsica. In the collection of the Kev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Fam. 17. EULOPHLDtE. 
 
 A. Scutellum with two furrows. 
 
 a. Antennae 8-jointed. - - - Cirrospilus. 
 
 b. Antennae 9-jointed. 
 
 * Antennae seated near the mouth. - - Melittobia. 
 
 ** Antennae seated much above the mouth. - Solenotus. 
 
 B. Scutellum without furrows. 
 
 a. Antennae of the male pectinated, those of 
 
 the female with a 2-jointed or a 3-jointed 
 
 club. ----- Eulophus. 
 
 b. Antennae of the male not pectinated. - Sympiests. 
 
 The genera of this family have not been much elaborated by Prof, 
 Foerster ; he distributes it in the above five genera. Several other 
 genera may be added to these, of which some should be removed to 
 other families. 
 
 Melittobia has been already mentioned in these notes. Sympiesis is 
 founded on Eulophus sericeicornis, Nees, which frequently occurs in 
 England. 
 
 Cirrospilus bifasciatus. Fcem. — Laete flavus, latiusculus ; 
 antennae subclavatas, thorace breviores ; abdomen nigro bifasciatum ; 
 alae diaphanae, albido venosae. 
 
 Female. — Bright yellow, rather broad. Head small, short, 
 narrower than the thorax. Eyes piceous. Antennae 5-jointed, sub- 
 clavate, shorter than the thorax. Thorax elliptical, very finely 
 squamous ; sutures of segments indistinct. Abdomen flat, elliptical, 
 subsessile, a little shorter and broader than the thorax, with two black 
 bands in the middle part ; hind band much more slender than the 
 fore baud. Legs slender. Wings pellucid ; veins whitish ; ulna 
 much shorter than the humerus. Length of the body | line. 
 
 South France, near Bordeaux. " On poplar trees." In the collection 
 of the Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
104 NOTES ON ohajxiidm: 
 
 Fam. 18. ENTEDONIDJE. 
 
 A. Antennae 12-jointed. - - - Epiclebdb. 
 
 B. Antennae with less than twelve joints. 
 
 a. Antennae club-shaped. - - - Rhopalotus. 
 
 b. Antennae not club-shaped. 
 
 * Antenna? of the male much serrated, of the 
 
 female with pale rings. - - .Astich; s. 
 
 ** Antennae of the male not serrated, of the 
 female without pale rings, 
 t Scutellum with a middle furrow. - - Holcopelte. 
 
 ff Scutellum with no middle furrow. 
 
 t Fore wings with many rows of hairs. - Eudercs. 
 
 H Fore wings not with many rows of hairs. 
 § Fore wings with a costal areolet. - Secodes. 
 
 §§ Fore wings with no costal areolet. 
 X Radius ending just beyond the cubitus. 
 
 o Humerus much iucrassated. - - Pleuropachys. 
 
 oo Humerus not much incrassated. 
 
 -+- Metathorax with side keels. - - Pleurotropis. 
 
 -»--)- Metathorax without side keels. 
 
 *-•* Scutellum very squamous. - - Entedon. 
 
 *-++•■♦ Scutellum smooth. - - - Asecodes. 
 
 X X Radius not ending just beyond the cubitus. 
 
 o Abdomen much acuminated. - - Omphale. 
 
 oo Abdomen not much acuminated. 
 
 -t- Antennae 8-jointed. - - - Chrysocharis. 
 
 -*--*- Antennae 9-joiuted. - - - Derostenus. 
 
 Foerster remarks the likeness between Epiclerus and Tetracampe. 
 The latter has 5-jointed tarsi and is the only representative of the 
 Tetracampidae, which may be noticed in some future publication. 
 Rhopalotus is founded on Elachistus cothumatus, Xees, and on E. 
 gradualis, Nees ; Holcopelte on E. obscurus, Foerst. 
 
 Fam. 19. TETRASTICHID^. 
 
 A. Scutellum without furrows. 
 
 a. Antenna) apparently 3-jointed. - - Triphasius. 
 
 b. Antennae distinctly more than' 3-jointed. 
 
 * Fore wings without a cubitus. - - Anozus. 
 
 ** Fore wings with a cubitus, 
 t Fore wings bordered all round with long hairs. Pterothrix. 
 
 If Costa of the fore wings without long hairs. - Trichaporus. 
 
 B. Scutellum with furrows. 
 
TRICHOGRAMMIDjE. 
 
 105 
 
 a. First joint of the antennae much incrassated. 
 
 * Fore wings fringed around with long hairs. - Ceranisus. 
 ** Costa of the fore wings not fringed with long 
 
 hairs. ----- Barysoapus. 
 
 b. First joint of the antenna? not incrassated. 
 
 * Antennae 10-jointed, without ringlets. - Hyperteles. 
 
 * Antennae of the male 9-jointed, without 
 
 ringlets ; of the female 10-jointed, with two 
 
 ringlets and with a 3-jointed club. - Tetrastichus. 
 
 Triphasius and Thysanus are identical ; this genus should be 
 removed from the Tetrastichidae. Hyperteles is founded on Eulophus 
 elongatus, Foerst. 
 
 Fain. 20. TKICHOGKAMMID^. 
 
 A. Fore wings with lines of hairs. 
 
 a. Humerus and ulna not united. - - Poroposa. 
 
 b. Humerus and ulna united. 
 
 * Antennae 8-jointed. Humerus forming a curve. Trichogramma. 
 ** Antennae withless than eight joints. Humerus 
 
 not forming a curve. 
 f Wings fringed around with long hairs. - Chcetosticha. 
 
 ■f-j- Wings with some short hairs between the 
 
 radius and the tip. 
 X Antennae 7-jointed, with a ringlet and with a 
 
 4-jointed club. ... - Lathromeris. 
 
 XX Antennae 6-jointed, with no ringlet and with 
 
 a three-jointed club. - - - Centrobia. 
 
 B. Fore wings without lines of hairs. 
 
 a Antennae 7-jointed. - Asynacta. 
 
 b. Antennae 6-jointed. 
 
 * Fore wings broad, with a pubescent border. - Brachista. 
 
 * Fore wings narrow, fringed with long hairs. - Oligosita. 
 
 Poropcea and Ophioneums, Batz., are one genus. Brachista, Hal., 
 is altered by Foerster to Brachysticha, 
 
NOTES 
 
 CHALCIDIJE. 
 
 Part VII. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 E. W. J A N S N, 28, MUSEUM STREET. 
 
 1872. 
 
E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, DEVONSHIRE STREET, 
 BISHOTSGATE. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 
 
 PART VII. 
 
 / Eutelus irumaculatus. 
 
 - Pteromalus latus. 
 
110 
 
 NOTES ON CIIAI.CIDI^:. 
 
 \dEtroxys scenicus. 
 
 Eunotus cretaceus. 
 
 Hemiytarsenus fulvicollis. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDI<E. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Prosopon montanum. 
 
 -•Micromelus pyrrhogaster. 
 
 / Entedon Amyclas. 
 
112 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCID1.E. 
 
 \ 
 
 Euplectrus albiveutris. 
 
 — Cirrospilus pulchellus. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDL*:. 
 
 113 
 
 [Cirrospilus AttalusH - ELulopWs w's« Neesft") 
 T, pe ot TeUastktiM Hal 
 
 y 
 
 Tetrastichus caudatus. 
 
 "U f . of <Vpvo»t«etiK> Wwi. 
 
 Pteroptrix Menes. 
 
J 14 
 
 NOTKS ON CHAI.CID1JC. 
 
 Trichogramma evanescens. 
 
 Thusanus ater. 
 
 / Cirrospilus Pacuvius. 
 
 a* Ceva«.«« Wik 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 115 
 
 The conclusion of this Part contains a notice of the species of 
 Chalcidise in Madeira, omitting those which have been previously 
 enumerated. The latter will be found in the • Annals and Magazine 
 of Natural History,' 2nd ser. vol. iii., and 3rd ser. vol. i., and in the 
 previous Parts of these Notes. The following species have been 
 already described : — Spalangia nigra, Asaphes aenea, Pteromalus 
 flammifer, P. aequus, P. conspersus, P. fulviventris, Platynocheilus 
 Derceto, Aphelinus basalis, A. Asychis, Encyrtus Zetterstedti, 
 Entedon Epigonus, Eulophus Gonippus, E. Artynes, Cirrospilus 
 Diallus. The new species here noticed are nearly all closely allied to 
 the British Chalcidise, and it would not be right as yet to suppose 
 that they are peculiar to Madeira, or do not occur in the same 
 latitudes of Africa. Cleptimorpha is a remarkable form, and very 
 different from any other genus previously published. 
 
 Encyrtus colligatus. Fcem. — iEneus ; caput luteurn ; antennae 
 fuscse, subclavatae, thorace multo breviores, clava pallide flava; 
 abdomen longi-conicum, thorace paullo longius ; pedes pallide flavi ; 
 alae anticae fascia lata maculisque duabus exterioribus fuscis, apice 
 cinereae. 
 
 Female. — iEneous. Head luteous. Antennae brown, subclavate, 
 much shorter than the thorax ; club pale yellow. Abdomen elongate- 
 conical, a little longer than the thorax. Legs pale yellow. Wings 
 pellucid. Fore wings with a broad brown band before the middle and 
 with two exterior brown spots, one on the costa, the other on the hind 
 border; tips cinereous; veins pale, except in the brown part. Length 
 of the body f line. Allied to E. tessellatus ; much smaller. 
 
 Encyrtus congruus. Mas et fcem. — iEneus aut viridis ; abdo- 
 men longi-conicum, thorace brevius et angustius; pedes flavi, 
 femoribus tibiisque nigris basi apiceque flavis ; alae diaphanas, pallido 
 venosae. Mas. — Antennae testaceae, filiformes, thorace multo lon- 
 giores. Fcem. — Antennae nigrae, clavatae, thoraci aequilongae. 
 
 Male and female. — iEneous or green. Antennae testaceous, filiform, 
 and much longer than the thorax in the male, black, clavate, and as 
 long as the thorax in the female. Abdomen elongate-conical, shorter 
 and narrower than the thorax. Legs yellow ; femora and tibiae 
 black, yellow at the base and at the tips. Wings pellucid; veins 
 pale ; ulna black. Length of the body f line. 
 
 Metallon atriceps. Mas. — Luteus ; caput atrum ; antennae 
 atrae, filiformes, corpore paullo breviores, clava lanceolata ; prothorax 
 brevis ; scutellum magnum ; metathorax niger, subquadratus ; abdo- 
 men nigrum, sessile, fere rotundum, basi luteum ; alae diaphanae 
 
116 NOTES ON CHALCIDIJ!. 
 
 fusco venosse. Fcem. — Subapterus. Antennae subclavatse, thorace 
 multo breviores, clava conica ; abdomen longi-conicum, tborace bre- 
 vius, dimidio basali luteo. 
 
 Male. — Luteous. Head and antennae deep black. Antennae 
 filiform, a little sborter than the body ; club lanceolate, full twice the 
 length of the preceding joint. Prothorax short. Sutures of the 
 parapsides not traced. Scutcllum large, elongate-triangular. Meta- 
 thorax black, subquadrate. Abdomen black, sessile, nearly round, 
 luteous at the base, about half the length of the thorax, which it 
 equals in breadth. Wings pellucid ; veins brown ; humerus extend- 
 ing to about half the length ; ulna extremely short ; cubitus long, 
 shorter than the radius. Female. — Antennae subclavate, much shorter 
 than the body ; club conical. Abdomen elongate-conical, shorter than 
 the thorax, luteous for half the length from the base. Wings rudi- 
 mentary. Length of the body f — | line. 
 
 Ectroma maderensis. Fcem. — Viridi-lutea, aptera ; caput latum »' 
 antennae nigrae, subclavatse, basi luteae, corpore multo breviores ; pro- 
 thorax transversus, bene determinatus ; metathorax quadratus, maxi- 
 mus ; abdomen nigrum, sessile, conicum, basi luteum, thorace multo 
 brevius ; oviductus albus, apice fuscus ; pedes pallide flavi. 
 
 Female. — Luteous, apterous, tinged with metallic-green. Head 
 broader than the prothorax and the mesothorax. Antennae black, 
 subclavate, inserted close to the mouth, much shorter than the body ; 
 scape luteous, somewhat shorter than the flagellum. Prothorax 
 transverse, much developed. Paraptera large. Metathorax quadrate, 
 very large, broader than the mesothorax. Abdomen sessile, conical, 
 black, except towards the base, much shorter than the thorax. 
 Oviduct subexserted, white, except at the tip. Legs pale yellow. 
 Length of the body i line. 
 
 "^ Gastrancistrus pallicornis. Fcem. — Viridi-niger ; oculi rufi, 
 maximi ; antennae pallidissime flavae, subclavatse, thorace paullo 
 longiores ; prothorax brevissimus ; parapsidum suturse bene determi- 
 natse ; abdomen longi-ovatum, depressura, subpetiolatum, thorace 
 multo angustius ; alae diaphanee, venis pallidissime Mavis. 
 
 Female. — Greenish black. Head, with the eyes, nearly as broad 
 as the prothorax. Eyes red, very large, the breadth of each exceeding 
 that of the vertex between them. Antennae very pale yellow, sub- 
 clavate, a little longer than the thorax. Prothorax extremely short, 
 depressed ; sutures of the parapsides well defined. Abdomen 
 subpetiolated, elongate-oval, much narrower than the thorax. Legs 
 very pale yellow. Wings quite colourless ; veins very pale yellow ; 
 ulna less than half the length of the humerus. Length of the body 
 f line. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLfi. 117 
 
 Dicyclus pallinervosus. Fam. — iEneo-viridis ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius ; antennae nigrae, clavatae, thorace breviores, articulo 
 lo luteo ; prothorax brevissimus : parapsidurn suturae conspicuae ; 
 abdomen subsessile, ovatum, subtus abrupte angulatum, thorace multo 
 brevius; pedes lutei, femoribus subfuscescentibus, tibiis posticis basi 
 subfuscescentibus ; alas diaphanae, venis pallidissirne flavis. 
 
 Female. — iEneous-green. Head and thorax finely squamous. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae black, clavate, 
 shorter than the thorax ; first joint luteous ; the two ring-shaped 
 joints following the second very short; club conical, about twice the 
 length of the preceding joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the 
 parapsides distinct. Scutellum short, transversely subelliptical. 
 Paraptera large, triangular. Metathorax large, not furrowed. Abdo- 
 men subsessile, oval, smooth, flat above, abruptly angular beneath, 
 much shorter than the thorax, and about equal to it in breadth. 
 Legs luteous ; femora partly tinged with brown ; hind tibiae slightly 
 tiuged with brown towards the base : tips of tarsi brown. Wings 
 entirely colourless ; veins very pale yellow ; ulna about one-fifth of 
 the length of the humerus ; radius much shorter than the ulna ; 
 cubitus much longer than the ulna ; stigma very small. Length of 
 the body 1 line. 
 
 The very pale veins of the wings distinguish it from other species. 
 
 / Sphegigasxer degener. Fcem. — Viridis ; caput thorace paullo 
 latius ; antennas nigrae, subclavatae, graciles, thoraci aequilongae ; 
 prothorax brevis ; metathorax bene determinatus ; petiolus brevis ; 
 abdomen ellipticum, thorace multo brevius ; pedes lutei, tarsis 
 quatuor posterioribus pallidioribus ; alae diaphanas, venis pallidissime 
 flavis. 
 
 Female. — Bright green. Head and thorax squamous. Head a 
 little broader than the thorax. Antennae black, slender, subclavate, 
 as long as the thorax. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the 
 parapsides indistinct. Metathorax well developed. Petiole short. 
 Abdomen elliptical, very much shorter than the thorax. Legs 
 luteous ; middle and hind tarsi pale luteous, with brown tips. Wings 
 pellucid ; veins very pale yellow ; ulna about half the length of the 
 humerus ; radius a little shorter than the ulna ; cubitus much shorter 
 than the ulna ; stigma very small. Length of the body f line. 
 
 It may be considered as a species of Sphegigaster, notwithstanding 
 the shortness of the petiole. 
 
 Stictonotus insuetus. Fccm. — iEneo-viridis ; caput thorace 
 multo latius ; antennae nigricautes, clavatae, thorace breviores, 
 articulo lo luteo, clava longi-conica ; parapsidurn suturae bene deter- 
 minatae, postice obliteratae ; paraptera magna; abdomen ovatum, 
 
118 NOTES ON CIIALCIDI-E. 
 
 thorace paullo brevius ; pedes lutei ; alas diaphanse, venis pallidissime 
 luteis, stigmate minimo. 
 
 Female. — ^neous-green. Head mucli broader than the thorax. 
 Antenna? blackish, clavate, shorter than the thorax ; first joint 
 luteous ; second elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute ; 
 fifth and five following transverse, successively decreasing in length ; 
 club elongate-conical, more than twice the length of the tenth joint. 
 Protborax very short. Sutures of the parapsides well defined, not 
 extending to the hiud border of the scutum. Paraptera large. 
 Metathorax short. Abdomen oval, sessile, a little shorter than the 
 thorax. Legs luteous, stout ; tips of the tarsi brown. Wings 
 pellucid ; veins very pale luteous ; ulna less than one-third of the 
 length of the humerus ; radius longer than the ulua ; cubitus a 
 little longer than the ulna ; stigma very small. Length of the body 
 1 line. 
 
 Metastexus purus. Fcem. — Cupveus ; caput et thorax aureo- 
 viridi margin ata ; caput thorace paullo latius ; antenna? fulva?, 
 clavata?, 12-articulata?, thorace vix breviores, articulo lo luteo ; pro- 
 thorax brevissimus ; parapsidum sutura? indetermiuata? ; metathorax 
 sat magnus ; abdomen sessile, fusiforme, depressum, thoraci a?qui- 
 longum ; pedes flavi ; ala? diaphana?, venis pallide testaceis, stigmate 
 minimo. 
 
 Female. — Cupreous. Head and thorax bordered with gilded 
 green. Head a little broader than the thorax. Antenna? tawny, 
 clavate, 12-jointed, nearly as long as the thorax ; first joint luteous ; 
 second elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth larger than usual ; fifth 
 aud five following nearly equal in length ; club elliptical, broader 
 than the ninth joint, and more than twice its length. Protborax very 
 short. Sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Paraptera large. Meta- 
 thorax well developed. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, depressed, acute 
 at the tip, as long as the thorax and a little broader. Legs bright 
 yellow. Wings quite pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; ulna rather 
 shorter than the humerus ; radius rather shorter than the ulna ; 
 cubitus a little more than half the length of the ulna ; stigma rery 
 small. Length of body f line. 
 
 Pteeomalus tinctipennis. Fcnn. — Aureo-viridis ; caput thorace 
 multo latius ; antenna? fusca?, graciles, vix extrorsum crassiores, 
 thorace paullo breviores, articulo lo lutco, 2o basi luteo, clava 
 sublanceolata ; paraptera sat magna ; metathorax transverse, subim- 
 prossus ; abdomen cupreo nigro-purpureoque varium, apicem versus 
 lanceolatuxo, thorace multo longius ; pedes lutei; ala? autica? 
 lutescentcs, lutco venosa*, stigmate nigricante. 
 
NOTES ON CHALC1DLE. 119 
 
 Female. — Bright green. Head much broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae brown, slender, very slightly increasing in thickness towards 
 the tips, a little shorter than the thorax ; first joint luteous ; second 
 elongate-cyathiforrn, luteous at the base ; third and fourth minute ; 
 fifth and five following linear, successively and very slightly decreasing 
 in length ; club sublauceolate, a little more than twice the length of 
 the tenth joint. Thorax gilded green. Prothorax very short. Sutures 
 of the parapsidcs very indistinct. Paraptera rather large. Metathorax 
 sloping, rather large, transversely and slightly impressed in the 
 middle. Abdomen sessile, much longer than the thorax, varied with 
 gilded cupreous and blackish purple hues, concave in the disk, lanceo- 
 late towards the tip ; apical segment lanceolate, convex, about one-third 
 of the length of the preceding part. Legs luteous, slender ; tarsi 
 brownish at the tips. Wings with a luteous tinge, which is most 
 distinct in the fore wings, from the end of the humerus to the stigma ; 
 veins luteous ; humerus much longer than the ulna; radius as long 
 as the ulna ; cubitus much shorter than the radius ; stigma blackish, 
 rather large. Length of the body 3 lines. 
 
 Pteeomalus integer. Mas. — Aureo-viridis ; caput thorace paullo 
 latius ; antennae nigra?, subclavatae, thorace paullo breviores, articulo 
 lo luteo, clava subfusiformi ; paraptera sat parva ; abdomen nigro- 
 purpureum, fere lineare, basi aureo-viride, thorace brevius et multo 
 angustius ; pedes lutei ; alae subcinereae, venis pallide lutescentibus, 
 stigmate fusco. Faim. — Cupreus ; antennae fuscae ; abdomen lanceo- 
 latum, subtus carinatum et angulatum, thorace multo longius, apice 
 compressum. 
 
 Male. — Gilded green, rather stout. Head a little broader than the 
 thorax. Antennae black, subclavate, a little shorter than the thorax ; 
 first joint luteous ; second cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute ; 
 fifth and five following successively and very slightly decreasing in 
 length ; club subfusiform, a little more than twice the length of the 
 tenth joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides 
 extremely indistinct. Scutellum broad. Paraptera rather small. 
 Metathorax short, sloping. Abdomen blackish purple, sessile, nearly 
 linear, golden green at the base, shorter and much narrower than 
 the thorax. Legs luteous, rather stout ; tips of tarsi pale brown. 
 Wings slightly cinereous; veins pale lutescent ; ulna about half the 
 length of the humerus ; radius a little longer than the ulna; cubitus 
 a little shorter than the radius; stigma brown. Female. — Cupreous. 
 Antennae brown. Abdomen lanceolate, much longer than the thorax, 
 beneath keeled, and obliquely ascending towards the tip ; three last 
 segments longer than the preceding segment : apical segment com- 
 pressed. Length of the body ]£ — If line. 
 
120 NOTES ON CHAI.CIDIifi. 
 
 Pteromalus contaminatus. Fcem. — Aurato-viridis ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius ; antennae fuscae, subclavatae, thorace paullo breviores, 
 articulo lo luteo, clava lanceolata ; paraptera sat parva ; abdomen 
 fusiforme, depressum, apice compressum, thorace paullo longius et 
 multo angustius ; pedes lutei ; alse subcinereae, venis fulvis, stigmate 
 nigra. 
 
 Female. — Gilded green. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae brown, subclavate, a little shorter than the thorax ; first 
 joint luteous ; second elongate-cyathiforrn ; third and fourth very 
 minute ; fifth and five following successively and slightly decreasing 
 in length ; club lanceolate, a little more than twice the length of the 
 tenth joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides 
 extremely indistinct. Scutellum rather broad. Paraptera rather 
 small. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, depressed in the disk, much 
 narrower and a little longer than the thorax ; apical segment 
 compressed. Legs luteous, rather stout; tips of tarsi brown. Wings 
 slightly cinereous ; veins tawny ; ulna about half the length of the 
 humerus ; radius a little longer than the ulna ; cubitus a little shorter 
 than the ulna; stigma black. Length of the body 1£ line. 
 
 It much resembles P. integer; the abdomen is shorter and not 
 keeled beneath, nor elongated and ascending towards the tip ; the 
 stigma is a little larger. 
 
 Pteromalus alternipes. Fccm. — Cupreus ; caput thorace paullo 
 latius ; antennae nigrae, subclavatae, thorace multo breviores, clava 
 lanceolata ; paraptera sat magna ; abdomen cupreo-nigrum, lauceo- 
 latum, depressum, basi cupreum, subtus carinatum, apice compressum ; 
 pedes nigri, tibiis basi apiceque tarsisque pallide luteis ; alae anticae 
 vLx testaceo suffusae, venis lutescentibus. 
 
 Female. — Cupreous. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae black, subclavate, much shorter than the thorax ; second 
 joint elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute : fifth and 
 five following successively decreasing in length ; club lanceolate, 
 more than twice the length of the tenth joint. Prothorax very short. 
 Sutures of the paraj)sides very indistinct. Paraptera rather large. 
 Metathorax short. Abdomen sessile, lanceolate, cupreous-black, 
 cupreous at the base, depressed above, a little longer and much 
 narrower than the thorax, keeled beneath, compressed at the tip. 
 Legs black ; knees, tibiae towards the base and towards the tips and 
 tarsi pale luteous ; tips of the latter black. Fore wings slightly 
 tinged with testaceous ; veins dingy luteous ; humerus nearly twice 
 the length of the ulna : radius a little shorter than the ulna ; cubitus 
 much shorter than the ulna; stigma not darker than the veins. 
 Length of the body l£ line. 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDLE. 121 
 
 --Pteromalus nigricans. Fcem. — Cyaneo-niger ; caput thorace 
 multo latius ; antennae fuscae, extrorsum crassiores, thorace non 
 longiores, articulo lo luteo, clava lanceolata ; abdomen longi-ovatum, 
 basi apice aeneum, subtus abrupte angulatum, thorace paullo brevius 
 vix angustius ; pedes fusci, tibiis basi apiceque tarsisque flavescente 
 albis ; alas diaphance, venis pallidissirae testaceis, stigmate minirao. 
 Mas ? — Aurato-viridis ; antennae luteae ; pedes flavi. 
 
 Female. — Bluish black. Head much broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae brown, slightly increasing in thickness towards the tips ; 
 first joint luteous ; second elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth 
 very minute ; fifth and five following successively and slightly 
 decreasing in length ; club lanceolate, more than twice the length of 
 the tenth joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides 
 very indistinct. Metathorax short. Abdomen sessile, aeneous towards 
 the base and towards the tip, elongate-oval, abruptly angular and 
 ascending beneath towards the tip, a little shorter and hardly 
 narrower than the thorax. Legs brown ; knees, tibiae at the base and 
 at the tips and tarsi yellowish white. Wings pellucid ; veins very 
 pale testaceous ; ulna less than half the length of the humerus ; 
 radius a little shorter than the ulna ; cubitus as long as the radius ; 
 stigma very small. Male? — Gilded green. Antennae luteous. Legs 
 yellow. Length of the body 1£ line. 
 
 Pteromalus dulcis. Mas. — Aurato-viridis ; caput thorace multo 
 latius ; antennae luteae, thorace breviores, clava fusca lanceolata ; 
 paraptera magna ; metathorax subcarinatus ; abdomen cupreum, fere 
 lineare, busi aureo-viride ; pedes flavi, femoribus luteis ; alae auticae 
 sublutescentes, venis testaceis, stigmate mediocri. 
 
 Male. — Gilded green. Head much broader than the thorax. 
 Antennas luteous, slightly increasing in thickness towards the tips ; 
 second joint elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute ; 
 fifth and five following successively decreasing in length ; club 
 brown, lanceolate, more than twice the length of the tenth joint. 
 Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides very indistinct. 
 Paraptera large. Metathorax well developed, with a slight longitu- 
 dinal furrow. Abdomen sessile, nearly linear, cupreous, gilded green 
 at the base. Legs yellow ; femora luteous. Wings pellucid. Fore 
 wings with a slight luteous tinge ; veins testaceous ; ulna about half 
 the length of the humerus; radius longer than the ulna; cubitus 
 much shorter than the ulna ; stigma of moderate size. Length of the 
 body If line. 
 
 » Pteromalus consuetus. Mas. — iEneus ; caput thorace latius ; 
 antennae nigrae, extrorsum cassiores, thorace paullo longiores, clava 
 
122 NOTES ON CHALCIDI^. 
 
 lanceolata, paraptera magna ; abdomen fere lineare, thorace multo 
 angustius vix brevius ; pedes lutei ; alae cinereae, venis fuscis, 
 stigmate mediocri. 
 
 Male. — iEneous. Head broader than the thorax. Antennae black, 
 a little longer than the thorax, slightly increasing in thickness 
 towards the tips : second joint elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth 
 very minute ; fifth and five following successively decreasing in 
 length; club lanceolate, more than twice the length of the tenth 
 joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides indistinct. 
 Paraptera large. Abdomen sessile, nearly linear, much narrower 
 than the thorax and about equal to it in length. Legs luteous. 
 Wings cinerous ; veins brown ; humerus more than twice the length 
 of the ulna ; radius longer than the ulua ; cubitus a little shorter than 
 the ulna ; stigma of moderate size. Length of the body j- line. 
 
 Pteromalus obscurellus. Mas. — Saturate viridis ; caput thorace 
 multo latius ; antennas nigra?, lineares, clava lanceolata ; abdomen 
 flavescente unifasciatum ; pedes lutei, femoribus fuscescentibus ; alae 
 auticae fuscescentes, venis nigris, stigmate parvo. 
 
 Male. — Dark gi*een. Head much broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae black ; second joint elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth 
 very minute; fifth and five following elongate, linear, nearly equal; 
 club lanceolate, more than twice the length of the tenth joint. 
 Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Abdomen 
 sessile, with a 3'ellowish band at a little before the middle. Legs 
 luteous ; femora mostly brownish. Fore wings brownish ; veins 
 black ; ulna about half the length of the humerus ; radius much 
 longer than the ulna ; cubitus longer than the ulua ; stigma small. 
 Length of the body i line. 
 
 Pteromalus obumbratus. Mas. — Saturate viridis ; caput thorace 
 multo latius ; antennae nigricantes, extrorsum crassiores, articulo lo 
 fulvo, clava fusiformi ; paraptera magna; abdomen cupreo-nigrum, 
 fere lineare, thorace brevius et paullo angustius, plaga magna llaves- 
 cente ornatum ; pedes lutei, femoribus obscurioribus ; ahe cinereae, 
 venis testaceis, stigmate magno nigricante. 
 
 Male. — Dark green. Head much broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae blackish, slightly increasing in thickness towards the tips ; 
 first joint tawny ; second cyathiform ; third and fourth very minute ; 
 fifth and five following successively and slightly decreasing in length ; 
 club fusiform, broader than the tenth, and a little more than twice its 
 length. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides very 
 indistinct. Paraptera large. Metathorax rather small. Abdomen 
 cupreous-black, sessile, nearly linear, shorter and a little narrower 
 
NOTES ON CHALClDiai. 123 
 
 than the thorax ; near the base a large yellowish patch, which 
 occupies the whole breadth. Legs luteous : femora darker than the 
 tibiae. Wings cinereous ; veins luteous ; ulna more than half the 
 length of the humerus; radius longer than the ulna; cubitus much 
 shorter than the ulna ; stigma lai'ge, blackish. Length of the body 
 1— 1£ line. 
 
 Pteromalus stigmatizans. Mas. — Aurato-viridis ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius ; antennae nigrae, fere filiformes, thorace paullo longiores, 
 articulo lo basi luteo, clava longi-fusiformi ; paraptera sat magna; 
 metatborax subcarinatus ; abdomen aeneum, fere lineare, thorace 
 angustius et brevius ; pedes lutei ; alae cinereae, venis sordide 
 testaceis, stigmate nigricante sat magno. 
 
 Male. — Gilded green. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae black, nearly filiform, a little longer than the thorax ; first 
 joint luteous at the base ; second short-elliptical ; third and fourth 
 very minute; fifth and five following successively decreasing in 
 length ; club elongate-fusiform, more than twice the length of the 
 tenth joint. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides very 
 indistinct. Paraptera rather large. Metathorax with a slight keel. 
 Abdomen dark aeneous, sessile, nearly linear, narrower and rather 
 shorter than the thorax. Legs luteous ; femora with a brownish 
 tinge in the middle part. Wings cinereous ; veins dingy testaceous ; 
 ulna about half the length of the humerus ; radius as long as the 
 ulna ; cubitus shorter than the ulna ; stigma blackish, rather large. 
 Length of the body 1 line. 
 
 Ptekomaxus basicyanetjs. Fam. — Aureo-viridis ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius ; antennae fuscae, subclavatae, thoraci aequilongae, articulo 
 2o ex parte loque luteis ; prothorax brevissimus ; paraptera maxima ; 
 metathorax bene determinatus ; abdomen viridi-nigrum, fusiforme, 
 thorace longius, apicem versus lanceolatum ; pedes lutei ; alae anticae 
 cinereae, testaceo venosae, stigmate magno nigricante. 
 
 Female. — Gilded green. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae brown, subclavate, as long as the thorax ; first joint luteous ; 
 second elongate-cyathiform, partly luteous ; third and fourth very 
 minute ; fifth and five following linear, successively decreasing in 
 length ; club fusiform, broader than the tenth joint and more than 
 twice its length. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides 
 very indistinct. Paraptera very large. Metathorax well developed. 
 Abdomen greenish black, fusiform, longer than the thorax, blue on 
 each side towards the base, which is lurid, lanceolate towards the tip, 
 which is very acute. Legs luteous. Fore wings cinereous ; veins 
 testaceous; ulna rather shorter than the humerus : radius as long as 
 
124 NOTES ON ClIALCIDI.f:. 
 
 the ulna ; cubitus a little more than half the length of the ulna ; 
 stigma large, blackish. Length of the body If line. 
 
 Elachistus jEqualis. Mas. — Viridis ; caput thoraci aequilatum ; 
 antennae testaceae, filiformes, thorace non longiores, clava lanceolata ; 
 parapsidum suturae bene determinatae ; abdomen lineare, thorace 
 angustius et paullo brevius ; pedes flavi ; alte fere diaphanae, venis 
 pallide testaceis, stigmate minimo. 
 
 Male. — Green. Head as broad as the thorax. Eyes red. Antennae 
 filiform, testaceous, not longer than the thorax ; second joint elongate- 
 cyathiform ; third and three following linear, nearly equal ; club 
 lanceolate, about twice the length of the sixth joint. Prothorax very 
 short. Sutures of the parapsides strongly marked. Abdomen 
 linear, narrower and a little shorter than the thorax. Legs yellow. 
 Wings nearly pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; ulna longer than the 
 humerus ; radius much shorter than the ulna ; stigma very small. 
 Length of the body § line. 
 
 Elachistus contractus. Mas. — Saturate viridis ; antennae tes- 
 taceae ; parapsidum suturae bene determinatae ; abdomen aeneo-viride, 
 fere lineare ; pedes flavi, femoribus basi nigris ; alee anticae testaceo 
 suffusae, venis pallide testaceis, stigmate minimo. 
 
 Male. — Dark green. Antennae testaceous. Sutures of the parap- 
 sides strongly marked. Abdomen aeneous-green, nearly linear. Legs 
 yellow ; femora black towards the base. Fore wings with a 
 testaceous tinge ; veins pale testaceous ; ulna longer than the 
 humerus ; radius much shorter than the ulna ; stigma very small. 
 Length of the body -^ line. 
 
 . Eulophus sobpjus. Fffiii. — iEneus ; caput viride ; antennae 
 nigrae, subclavatae ; prothorax et scutellum punctata, ille brevis ; 
 parapsidum suturae bene determinatae ; metathorax brevis, subsul- 
 catus ; abdomen aeneo-nigrum, ellipticum, thorace longius et latius ; 
 pedes fulvi ; ukc cinereas, fulvo-venosae. 
 
 Female. iEneous. Head green, contracted in the middle, a little 
 broader than the thorax. Antennae black, subclavate, slender, a 
 little shorter than the thorax ; second joint elongate-cyathiform ; third 
 linear, much longer than the fourth ; fourth, fifth and sixth 
 successively decreasing in length ; club conical, about twice the 
 length of the sixth joint. Prothorax and scutum punctured. Pro- 
 thorax short. Sutures of the parapsides well defined, wide apart. 
 Paraptera large. Metathorax short, with a slight furrow. Abdomen 
 aeneous-black, elliptical, longer and broader than the thorax. Legs 
 tawny. Wings cinereous; veins tawny; humerus longer than the 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDT^E. 1 25 
 
 ulna ; radius shorter than the ulna ; cubitus nearly half the length 
 of the radius ; stigma small. Length of the body 1^ line. 
 
 Eulophus divisus. Fcem. — iEneo-viridis, gracilis ; caput thorace 
 latius ; antennae fuscae, extrorsum crassiores, thoraci aequilongae, 
 articulo lo luteo apice fusco, clava lanceolata ; scutum antice attenua- 
 tum ; parapsidum suturae indeterminatae ; metathorax tricarinatus, 
 bene determinatus; abdomen longi-ellipticum, vix petiolatum, thorace 
 brevius ; pedes lutei ; alas diaphanae, venis pallide testaceis, stigmata 
 minimo. 
 
 Female. — ^Eneous-green, slender. Head broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae brown, as long as the thorax, slightly increasing in thickness 
 towards the tips; first joint luteous, brown towards the tip; second 
 rather short ; third and three following linear, successively decreasing 
 in length ; club lanceolate, much longer than the sixth joint. Pro- 
 thorax very short. Scutum attenuated in front ; sutures of the 
 parapsides very indistinct. Metathorax well developed, with three 
 keels. Abdomen elongate-elliptical, hardly petiolated, shorter than 
 the thorax. Legs luteous. Wings pellucid ; veins pale testaceous ; 
 ulna very much longer than the humerus ; radius less than half the 
 length of the ulna; stigma very small. Length of the body -£ line. 
 
 ^Eulophus entedonoides. Mas. — Aureo-viridis ; antennae nigra?, 
 filiformes, clava lanceolata ; parapsidum suturae bene determinatae ; 
 metathorax bene determinatus ; abdomen planum, subovatum, sub- 
 petiolatum, thorace multo brevius ; pedes flavi ; alae anticae sub- 
 cinereae, venis pallidissime testaceis, stigmate minimo. 
 
 Male. — Gilded green. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae black, filiform ; second joint subcyathiform ; third and three 
 following linear, successively and slightly decreasing in length ; club 
 lanceolate, very much longer than the sixth joint. Prothorax very 
 short. Sutures of the parapsides strongly marked. Metathorax 
 much developed. Abdomen somewhat oval, flat, slightly petiolated, 
 much shorter than the thorax. Legs yellow. Wings slightly 
 cinereous ; veins very pale testaceous ; ulna very much longer than 
 the humerus ; radius about half the length of the humerus ; cubitus 
 descending rather abruptly towards the disk ; stigma very small. 
 Length of the body f line. 
 
 Eulophus centralis. Mas et fcem. — Laete viridis ; antennae 
 fuscae, thoraci aequilongae, maris filiformes, foem. subclavatae ; parap- 
 sidum suturae bene determinatae ; abdomen maris longi-ovatum, fcem. 
 ellipticum ; thorace brevius ; pedes flavi ; alae anticae plaga discali 
 fusca. 
 
126 NOTES ON CHALCIDI.E. 
 
 Mule and female. — Bright green, in structure like E. entedonoides. 
 Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennae brown, as long as 
 the thorax, filiform in the male, subclavate in the female. Sutures 
 of the parapsides strongly marked. Abdomen elougate-oval in the 
 male, elliptical in the female, shorter than the thorax. Legs yellow. 
 Wings pellucid. Fore wings with a large or vei-y large brown patch 
 in the disk ; veins pale testaceous. Length of the body f line. 
 
 Eulophus jiaculipennis. Fcem. — Viridis, gracilis, aeneo cupreo- 
 que varius, antennas nigrae, filiformes, articulo lo flavo apice nigro, 
 5o Goque flavis ; prothorax et metathorax brevis ; parapsidum suturae 
 bene determinatae ; abdomen sessile, longi-fusiforme, depressum, apice 
 compressum stylatum ; pedes lutei, femoribus basi fuscis; alae anticaa 
 alba), fascia iuformi furcata maculisque quinque fuscis. 
 
 Female. — Green, slender, varied with aeneous and cupreous. Head 
 a little broader than the thorax. Antennae black, filiform, slender; 
 first joint yellow, very long, black towards the tip ; second clavate ; 
 third and three following successively decreasing in length ; fifth and 
 sixth yellow ; club lanceolate, about twice the length of the sixth 
 joint. Prothorax and metathorax short. Sutui'es of the parapsides 
 well defined. Paraptera far apart. Abdomen sessile, elongate- 
 fusiform, depressed, compressed and stylate at the tip. Leg3 
 luteous ; femora brown towards the base. Wings white. Fore 
 wings with two brown spots near the base, with an irregular and 
 interrupted brown band which is forked in front, and with three 
 exterior marginal brown spots ; veins brown ; ulna much longer than 
 the humerus; radius short; cubitus shorter than the radius, 
 descending nearly directly towards the disk ; stigma small. Length 
 of tbe body £ line. 
 
 I believe that I have seen a British specimen of this species in 
 the collection of the late John Curtis, which collection is now in 
 Australia. 
 
 S Digltphus clavicoenis. Fcem. — Aureo-viridis, gracilis ; caput 
 thoraci aequilatum ; antennae nigra3, clavatae, septem-articulatae, 
 thorace multo breviores, clava lanceolata ; scutum antice atteuuatum ; 
 parapsidum suturae indeterminatae ; scutellum bisulcatum ; meta- 
 thorax bene determinatus ; abdomen lineare, apice conicum, thorace 
 paullo longius ; pedes nigri, femoribus apice tibiisque basi flavo-albis, 
 tibiis apice tarsisque pallide flavis, tibiis tarsisque auticis sordide 
 flavis, illis fusco vittatis ; alae diapbanae, venis sordide albidis, stigmate 
 miuimo. 
 
 Female. — Gilded green, slender. Head as broad as the thorax. 
 Antennae black, clavate, seven-jointed, uiucb shorter than tbe thorax ; 
 
I 
 
 NOTES ON CHALCIDIjE. 127 
 
 second joint elongate-cyathiform ; third and fourth nearly equal : club 
 lanceolate, much broader than the fourth joint and more than twice its 
 length. Prothorax very short. Scutum somewhat attenuated in 
 front; sutures of the parapsides indistinct. Scutellum with two 
 furrows. Meta thorax well developed. Abdomen linear, conical at 
 the tip, a little longer than the thorax. Femora and four posterior 
 tibiae black, the former yellowish white at the tips, the latter yellowish 
 white at the base ; tibiae towards the tips and tarsi pale yellow, tips 
 of the latter brown ; fore tibiae and fore tarsi dingy yellow, the former 
 striped with brown, the latter with brown tips. Wiugs pellucid ; 
 veins dingy whitish ; ulna longer tban the humerus ; radius shorter 
 than the ulna ; stigma very small. Length of the body | line. 
 
 "XEpiclerus femoralis. Mas et faun. — Viridis aut cupreus ; 
 caput thorace latius ; antennae nigrae, graciles, thorace multo breviores, 
 maris filiformes, fcem. clavatae ; prothorax brevis ; parapsidum suturaj 
 conspicuae ; metathorax bene determinatus ; pedes rufescentes, femori- 
 bus basi nigris ; alae diaphanae ; fusco venosae. 
 
 Male and female. — Green or cupreous. Head and thorax finely 
 squamous, with some white hairs. Head broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae black, slender, much shorter than the thorax, filiform in 
 the male, clavate in the female ; club elongate-conical in the male, 
 conical in the female, about twice the length of the preceding joint. 
 Prothorax short. Sutures of the parapsides distinct, far apart. 
 Scutellum rather long. Metathorax well developed. Abdomen sub- 
 petiolated, elliptical, shorter than the thorax. Legs reddish ; femora 
 black towards the base ; tips of the tarsi black. Wings colourless ; 
 veins brown ; ulua as long as the humerus ; radius nearly half the 
 length of the ulna ; cubitus very short; stigma small. Length of the 
 body i — f line. 
 
 "Entedon intaminatus. Fcem. — Aureo-viridis, gracilis; caput 
 antice et apud oculos luteum, thorace paullo latius; antennas fuscae, 
 filiformes, 8-articulatae, articulo lo luteo apice fusco ; prothorax brevis, 
 conicus ; scutum longiusculum, parapsidum suturis bene determinatis ; 
 scutellum bicarinatum ; metathorax sat longus ; pedes flavi ; alas 
 diaphanae, venis flavis, stigmate miuimo. 
 
 Female. — Gilded green, slender. Head a little broader than the 
 thorax, luteous in front and about the eyes. Antennas brown, 
 filiform, slender, 8-jointed ; first joint luteous, brown at the tip ; 
 second clavate ; third, fourth and fifth linear, successively decreasing 
 in length ; club lanceolate, more than twice the length of the fifth 
 joint. Prothorax short, conical. Scutum elongate ; sutures of 
 parapsides well defined. Scutellum with two distinct keels. Meta- 
 thorax elongate. Legs yellow. Wings quite pellucid ; veins yellow ; 
 
128 NOTES ON CHALCIDIiC. 
 
 ulna very much longer than the humerus ; radius rudimentary ; 
 cubitus very short ; stigma very small. Length of the body 
 1£ line. 
 
 Tetrastichus MaderjE. Mas. — Viridi-niger ; caput thorace 
 paullo latius ; antennae 9-articulatae, nigra?, filiformes, setulosae, 
 thorace longiores ; prothorax et metathorax breves ; scutum subsul- 
 catum ; scutellum bicarinatum ; abdomen sessile, fusiforme, thorace 
 brevius ; pedes nigri, genubus tarsisque obscure fulvis, tibiis anticis 
 basi apiceque fulvis ; alae subcinereae, venis fuscis, cubito stigmateque 
 fulvis. Fcem. — Antenna; 8-articulatae, thoraci aequilougae ; abdomen 
 cyaneo-viride, ellipticum ; tibke autica?, genua tarsique lutea. 
 
 Male. — Greenish black. Head short, a little broader than the 
 thorax. Antennae black, filiform, 9-jointed, longer than the thorax ; 
 first joint fusiform ; second elongate cyatbiform ; third and three 
 following linear, setulose, nearly equal ; club lanceolate, much more 
 thau twice the length of the sixth joint. Prothorax and metathorax 
 short. Scutum large, with a slight longitudinal furrow. Scutellum 
 with two well-defined parallel keels. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, 
 shorter than the thorax. Legs black ; knees and tarsi dark tawny ; 
 fore tibiae tawny at the base and at the tips. "Wings slightly cine- 
 reous ; veins brown ; ulna very much longer than the humerus ; 
 radius rudimentary ; cubitus and stigma tawny ; cubitus about one- 
 sixth of the length of the ulna. Antennas 8-jointed, as long as the 
 thorax ; third, fourth and fifth joints nearly equal ; club lanceolate, 
 more than twice the length of the fifth joint. Abdomen elliptical, 
 bluish green. Fore tibiae, knees and tarsi luteous, the latter brown 
 at the tips. Length of the body ^ line. 
 
 • ' Tetrastichus socius. Mas. — Niger ; antennae testaceae, clavata?, 
 thoraci aequilongao ; prothorax et metathorax brevissimi ; parapsidum 
 suturae bene determinate ; pedes pallide testacei, femoribus posticis 
 nigris apice testaceis ; alac anticae fimbriatse, valde setulosae. Fwin. — 
 Abdomen longi-ovatum, subtus carinatum. 
 
 Male. — Black. Head as broad as the thorax. Antenna? testa- 
 ceous, clavate, as long as the thorax ; second joint linear, as long as 
 the third ; fourth shorter than the third ; fifth shorter than the 
 fourth ; club lanceolate, broader than the fifth joint and full thrice its 
 length. Prothorax and metathorax very short. Sutures of the 
 parapsides strongly marked. Abdomen tapering from the base to the 
 tip. Legs pale testaceous ; hind femora black, pale testaceous at the 
 tips. Wings pellucid. Fore wings very pubescent, fringed ; veius 
 pale testaceous, setulose ; ulna longer than the humerus ; radius 
 none ; cubitus rather short ; stigma very small. Female. — Abdomen 
 
NOTES ON CHALCIDI^. 129 
 
 elongate-oval, keeled beneath, longer than that of the male. Length 
 h — \ line. 
 
 ^Tetrastichus subpictus. Fcem. — iEneus ; caput thoraci aequi- 
 laturn, apud oculos flavum ; antennae testaceae, clavatae, thorace non 
 longiores, articulis lo 2oque nigris, 2o apice testaceo, clava acuta ; 
 prothorax postice flavo fasciatus ; scutum flavo marginatum ; parap- 
 sidum suturae bene determinate ; abdomen thorace longius ; pedes 
 flavi, femoribus posticis nigris apice flavis ; alae diaphanae, venis 
 pallidis, stigmate minimo. 
 
 Female. — iEneous. Head as broad as the thorax, yellow about the 
 eyes. Antennae testaceous, clavate, not longer than the thorax ; first 
 and second joints black ; second testaceous at the tip ; club elongate- 
 oval, acute at the tip, much broader than the fifth joint, and more 
 than twice its length. Prothorax very short, with a yellow hind band. 
 Scutum bordered with yellow on the hind side and along the sutures 
 of the parapsides, which are well defined ; a yellow streak on each 
 side of the scutellum. Abdomen elongate-elliptical, longer than the 
 thorax. Legs yellow ; hind femora black, yellow towards the tips. 
 Wings pellucid ; veins pale ; ulna much longer than the humerus; 
 radius none ; stigma very small. Length of the body f — 1 line. 
 
 "* Tetrastichus perpusillus. Fcem. — iEneo-niger ; antennae 
 clavatae, sordide testaceae, thorace breviores ; prothorax brevissimus ; 
 parapsidum suturae bene deterrninatae ; metathorax subcarinatus ; 
 abdomen sessile, fusiforme, thorace brevius ; pedes testacei ; alae 
 anticae subcinereae, venis fuscescentibus. 
 
 Female. — iEneous black. Head a little broader than the thorax. 
 Antennae dingy testaceous, clavate, shorter than the thorax ; club 
 lanceolate, much broader than the preceding joint, and thrice its 
 length. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the parapsides well 
 defined. Metathorax with a slight keel. Abdomen sessile, fusiform, 
 shorter than the thorax. Legs testaceous. Fore wings slightly 
 cinereous ; veins brownish ; ulna longer than the humerus ; radius 
 none ; cubitus rather short ; stigma very small. Length of the 
 body \ line. 
 
 The Notes on Chalcidiae are here concluded. Some alterations are 
 required in the arrangement of the families, and the genera and their 
 respective species have yet to be examined in detail ; but it is not 
 likely that an opportunity will occur for publication thereon. 
 
' 
 
 >